iil ;!:8.'i Hangert. Henry 228 Hapst. William ■■>72 Harnett. J. K.. M. D 2-14 Hates. E. W .■Jo8 Heaver. James (i22 Heaver. T. N (i(14 Heaver. W. S (JOO Heckers. Henry .").")2 Hehrends, H. K :ii)7 Hekemeyer. C. B ■i7'i Hergraan. Arend 4.'>8 Herryhill, A. 1 208 Binns. H. A.". 51:! Black. C. K :!7:i Blackburn. T. I :!0;i Hlinn. E. D 4(K! Bock. Adam 2.V) Bohan. Patrick 2:i2 Bost. Jacob .■)4() Bowles. C. K :!82 Bowles. David 2(i4 Bowles. W. H 4:i2 Bozarth. J. W.. M. D :!()2 Hrainard. B. H 2!)4 Bramman. A. J .")4.'i Braucher, D. L :il!) Brawley, J, R 4(i'.) Hrennan, Thomas (i4.") Brest. John .")(i2 Bridge. C. P (i()8 Hriggs. W. T 2:i;i Brock. W. N 409 Brown, H. H.. M, D :i4:! Burchett. Landrum MoO Burns. James :i2.'! Buzzard, L. 270 Camerer, T. N 'iM PAGE Capps, O. T 027 Carnahan, William 47(1 Chestnut, D. N :ii)4 Chestnut. T. J .").'i4 Clark. R. P .")!)(1 Coffraan. Levi 407 Collins. J. W :!42 Combs. Jonathan 4^)4 Cook. W. H. B :!71 Corthon, A. S o:i8 Cosby, H. L. . M. D :i.">l Cosby, Noah .")!)2 Cossi'tt. J. J ■')8.") Cottle. F. W 474 Council. G. R (VM Council. Hardy ."ilil Crane. M. A .•i!»4 Critchfield. J. A 444 Curry, J. D 440 Dawson, S. C 4o:! Dittus, E. J 2."):; Dittus, F^rederick :i20 Downey. J. B :iS,S Downing, L. D 272 Downing, S. W :i02 Downing, W. L 2:!1 Drake, S. H 480 Dunham, W. S ■ill Dunn, N. S (i");! Ellis, Mrs. Margaret -"lOH Ewing. I. N ti.'!"i Fenton. Thomas .">lio F'infrock, I. G (i44 F'oley, J. B :i'>~ Fulsher. William 57.'! Fuson, P. S :!72 Gaddis, B. E :i!)l Gardner, B, P., M. D ()07 CJasaway J, Mc .">!):! Gasaway. N. P .")08 Gasaway. T. A (ilO Gemberling, J. A ()41 Gemberling. R. G (i;!:i Gibson. Edward .").")4 Gilchrist, liavid :^14 (iilchrist. D. J :«)!) Gilchrist, Robert 2!)2 Gillette, J. D .")8r PAGE Glenn. J. A 523 Gobelman, Henry 570 Graff, Z. W 503 Graham. J. C 500 Green. J. T 473 Grinter. J. K 318 Groves. L. L 250 Gruensfelder. Philip 442 Hainline. Allen 443 Hamsen. .\. J (>44 Hammerton. J, H 5i)8 Harley, F. M (iOO Harms. Nanke ()20 Harris. T. M 344 Harris. John (il3 Harrison. J. B ()()4 Harts. D. H 478 Heckard, Frederick 342 Henn. W. F 384 Hill, Uriah (i02 Hoblit, Frank 223 Hoblit, J. W 431 Hoblit, Laban 374 Hoerr. Frank 447 Holland, Isaac 457 Holmes, T. F .• 544 Horn. J. A 038 Horn. Paulus 55!) Houston. W. J 4(i4 Howe, T. D 5!)!) Howser. J. W (151 Hubbard. G. H 38il Hungerford, Williain 330 Hvde. J. F 238 lies. Edward 290 leckel, J. F 370 jewett. J. E 339 Jones. W. B 227 Johnston. James 2()0 Johnston. William 58(> ludv, Jacob 3(i9 Judy. J. 1 304 Kaesebier. W. C. R 344 Kennedy. T. D 032 Keys. Andrew 594 Kiick. John 501 Kincaid. W. K.. M. D 383 Kirby. W. H.. M. D 542 INDEX. PAGE Klokkenga. Harm "iil'i Knaak. H -Kil Koch. W. A. , M. D M)-> Koehnle. ¥. C. W :i."il Kretzinger. G. A 4!ll Kueramel. A. P 247 Lachenmyer. J. J 421 Kanterraan, Scott '"ilSI' Larison, .-^bel ti40 Larison. J. H 4.">2 Lawrence, C. S ")04 Lee. C. W .J41 Lee, Maskel, M. D 24.S Lee, Peter ■~>47 Leach, W. R ."i(i!i Linbarger, E. S 427 Logue, J. R ■")24 Long. J. H (Kil Longan, J.N ^!1.'! Loveland. J. W 241 Lucas. J. P mi2 Lucas, O. J 44.S Ludlam. A. J 472 Mamraen. Klaas 2!il Markworth, William 4;i!l Mason, C. C 2S7 Mason. J. 401 Matlock. W. P 441 Maus, Peter 4S7 Maver, Jacob 4ti(l McCarrel. Hurley :!2S McCormick, J. D .'iSl McCormick. W. \V 22!l McClelland, W. E., M. D ii-U McLean, S. H., M. D 4.S,S McLellan, James 2»il Meister. J. L 4.'iS Melrose, James 2;i7 Merry, H. O .'ilLS Miller. J. E 2:!(» Monnett. Richard (i4!» Montgomery. H. C (iliCi Moos. E. M 4(i2 Moos, J. M 41)1 Motz. Jacob 4."il Mountjoy , K. L 412 Mountjoy, J. I 42(1 Mountjoy, W. N .'i."i4 Murphy, Patrick 4!)2 Murray, \V, M ; 40.S Myers. Squire (i.'i!) Xall, R, P 24S Xeel, William H 27:i Nicholson, E. B 4!W Nine, C. E ()47 Nix. Jacob 4!ll Nottelmann. H. H 414 Nycum, William .")7(i Obcamp. Peter ; . . . . (Kii OBrien. Patrick :i4!) Oglevee, C. S y.iU Oldaker. J. W .'iiMI Ophardt. Peter :!(l,S PAGE Ovler, H. S.. M. D (ilT Ovler. I'. H., M. D (>14 Orton. F. C 2H1 Orton, L. O., M. D 2S7 Paine, W. C, M. D :iS(l Parker. Jeremiah ■i2!) Pattison, T. R .'57!) Paul. H. A. J 282 I>ayne, W. G 4i)() Pease, A. J 424 Pech, Robert 471 I'egram, W. A :1S!) Perkins. Edwin C .iT.") Potts, Mrs, Rachel A .'iT.S Price. S. 3(>cS Purviance, H. P 4.)4 (jui-senberry, .\lbert .'i2.S (juisenberry, .\llen 42M (juisenberry, .\rthur 042 Quisenberry, G. H 4;i7 Rademaker. N. T 417 Rankin, Sinnet 4.'>il Rayburn. G. T .")2!) Read, J. T 3(i:! Reeder, C. C 047 Reinders, Peter 2.i2 Reise, Frederick 27.S Reiterman, A. F .)27 Rigg, R, W., M. D 37!t Rimerman, Adolph 2()it Kimerman, William 580 Hitter, E. E 440 Ritter, W. T 400 Roberts, j. H 422 Rodenbeek. A. E 312 Ronier, Anton 311 Rothwell, J.M 2(>3 Rupp, William 347 Russell, W. P 2.il Ryan. Patrick ■ 430 Sams. John O.'iO Sandel, Peter 322 Sargent. A. M., M. D 307 Sargent. Samuel, M. D 30!) Schaftenacker. Louis .')88 Schnathorst, F. W 338 Schonauer, Adam 3!)2 Schwerdtfeger, L. C 234 Scroggin. A. C 484 Scroggin. L. K 3.51 Seidel. W. E 310 Sexton, J . W 353 Shaw, William 01!) Sherwood. Isaac 2.58 Shirley, Henry 46S Shockev, Daniel 514 Siebert", G. W 453 Simcoe. Philander 582 Simp.son, D. C 321 Simpson, J. A 270 Simpson. W. W 62!) Sisson. E. E 42!) Smith, G. H 483 Smith, J. W 2!)1 PAGE Smith. Thomas 42!) Snook. J. A 48!) Snook. T. I .504 Snvder. T, 280 Sparks, J, D 052 Sparks. Samuel .58!) Spinker. John 3(iO Starr. Jacob .548 Steen. P. H 225 Stringer. L. B 324 Strong, G. H 054 Strong, John 4.50 Stroud, W. B.. Sr 2!)3 Stroud. W. B., Jr 288 Strvker, H. T 2.58 Stults, B. F.. M. D 304 Stumpf, Hartraan 413 Sullivan, J. M 2()1 Sullivan, T. I .5!)7 Sumner, J. W 333 Tabke, 1. A :!(i] Talraage, J. F 4!)!) Tavlor. C.' B.. M. D 5.50 Tavlor, J. C 558 Tavlo-, G. G,, M. D .300 Teifer P. 1 Oil Tidd. Jo.seph 303 Thomas, J . (" .552 Thompson. \. S 418 Thompson, Mrs. Clara D 41!) Thompson, J. C, Jr 521 Tomlinson, A. H 2!)8 Tomlinson, F. 1 027 Tomlinson. J.M ()24 Tuohv, James ()13 Turner, C. H 284 Tuttle, F. M 331 Tuttle. G. H ()43 Tuttle, T, D 202 Tyler, C. W 4!)4 Fhle. William .532 Vanhise, David 332 Van Gerpen, C 404 Verrv, George 274 Vonderlieth, A. 018 Vonderlieth, G. W 483 Wakeman. W. P 403 Walters. H. B 433 Webster. J. T., M. D ()50 Wiemer. Henry 5.S.5 Wigginton. John 5.38 Wigginton, J. C. Jr 501 Wigginton, W. W .551 Willbanks, J. T 518 Willmert, F. 1 224 Willmert, J. H 242 Woland, S. | 411 Wood. Z. K (i23 Worth. Murrv .537 Wyatt. W. d'. 334 Voungberg, F. R 2!)7 Zeter, John 341 Zollars, Lindsey 377 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY OF Celebrated Americans "c^"^'^''^^ .-^5-0 0: G |EORGE WASHINGTON, the first president of the Unit- ed States, called the "Father ^>»\i»>m<»>m«pm^ of his Country," was one of the most celebrated characters in history. He was born Feb- ruary 22, 1732, in Washing- ton Parish, Westmoreland county, Virginia. His father, Augustine Washington, first married Jane Butler, who bore him four children, and March t, 1730, he -married Mary Ball. Of six children by his second marriage, George was the eldest. Little is known of the early years of Washington, beyond the fact that the house in which he was born was burned during his early childhood, and that his father there- upon moved to another farm, inherited from his paternal ancestors, situated in Stafford county, on the north bank of the Rappahan- nock, and died there in 1743. From earliest childhood George developed a noble charac- ter. His education was somewhat defective, being confined to the elementary branches taught him by his mother and at a neighbor- ing school. On leaving school he resided some time at Mount Vernon with his half ">^^^ S^ brother, Lawrence, who acted as his guar, dian. George's ir^clinations were for a sea- faring career, and a midshipman's warrant was procured for him; but through the oppo- sition of his mother the project was aban- doned, and at the age of sixteen he was appointed surveyor to the immense estates of the eccentric Lord Fairfax. Three years were passed by Washington in a rough fron- tier life, gaining experience which afterwards proved very essential to him. In 175 1, when the Virginia militia were put under training with a view to active service against France, Washington, though only nineteen years of age, was appointed adjutant, with the rank of major. In 1752 Lawrence Washington died, leaving his large property to an infant daughter. In his will George was named one of the executors and as an eventual heir to Mount Vernon, and by the death of the infant niece, soon succeeded to that estate. In 1753 George was commis- sioned adjutant-general of the Virginia militia, and performed important work at the outbreak of the French and Indian war, was rapidly promoted, and at the close of that war we find him commander-in-chier of O0p7risbt 189;, bj Gro. A. OgU ft Co. 18 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHr. all the forces raised in Virginia. A cessation of Indian hostilities on the frontier having followed the expulsion of the French from the Ohio, he resigned his commission as ccmmander-in-chief of the Virginia forces, and then proceeded to Williamsburg to take his seat in the Virginia Assembly, of which he had been elected a member. January 17, 1759, Washington married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Curtis, a young and beautiful widow of great wealth, and devoted himself for the ensuing hfteen years to the quiet pursuits of agriculture, inter- rupted only by the annual attendance in winter upon the colonial legislature at Williamsburg, until summoned by his coun- try to enter upon that other arena in which his fame was to become world-wide. The war for independence called Washington into service again, and he was made com- mander-in-chief of the colonial forces, and was the most gallant and conspicuous figure in that bloody struggle, serving until Eng- land acknowledged the independence of each of the thirteen States, and negotiated with them jointly, as separate sovereignties. December 4, 17S3, the great commander took leave of his officers in most affection- ate and patriotic terms, and went to An- napolis, Maryland, where the congress of the States was in session, and to that body, when peace and order prevailed everywhere, resigned his commission and retired to Mount Vernon. It was in 1789 that Washington was called to the chief magistracy of the na- tion. The inauguration took place April 30, in the presence of an immense multi- tude which had assembled to witness the new and imposing ceremony. In the manifold de- tails of his civil administration Washington proved himselffullyequal to the requirements of his position. In 1792, at the second presi- dential election, Washington was desirous to retire; but he yielded to the general wish of the country, and was again chosen presi- dent. At the third election, in 1796, he was again most urgently entreated to con- sent to remain in the executive chair. This he positively refused, and after March 4, 1797, he again retired to Mount Vernon for peace, quiet, and repose. Of the call again made on this illustrious chief to quit his repose at Mount Ver- non and take command of all the United States forces, with rank of lieutenant-gen- eral, when war was threatened with France in 1798, nothing need here be stated, ex- cept to note the fact as an unmistakable testimonial of the high regard in which he was still held by his countrymen of all shades of political opinion. He patriotic- ally accepted this trust, but a treaty of peace put a stop to all action under it. He again retired to Mount Vernon, where he died December 14, 1799, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. His remains were depos- ited in a family vault on the banks of the Potomac, at Mount \"ernon, where they still lie entombed. BENJ.JiMIX FRANKLIN, an eminent American statesman and scientist, was born of poor parentage, January 17, 1706, in Boston, Massachusetts. He was appren- ticed to his brother James to learn the print- er's trade to prevent his running away and going to sea, and also because of the numer- ous family his parents had to support (there being seventeen children, Benjamin being the fifteenth). He was a great reader, and soon developed a taste for writing, and pre- pared a number of articles and had them published in the paper without his brother s knowledge, and when the authorship be- came known it resulted in difficulty for the COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAFHT. n young apprentice, although his articles had been received with favor by the public. James was afterwards thrown into prison for political reasons, and young Benjamin con- ducted the paper alone during the time. In 1823, however, he determined to endure his bonds no longer, and ran away, going to Philadelphia, where he arrived with onl}' three pence as his store of wealth. With these he purchased three rolls, and ate them as he walked along the streets. He soon found employment as a journeyman printer. Two years later he was sent to England by the governor of Pennsylvania, and was promised the public printing, but did not get it. On his return to Philadelphia he estab- lished the "Pennsylvania Gazette," and soon found himself a person of great popu- larity in the province, his ability as a writer, philosopher, and politician having reached the neighboring colonies. He rapidly grew in prominence, founded the Philadelphia Li- brary in 1842, and two years later the American Philosophical Society and the University of Pennsylvania. He was made Fellow of the Royal Society in London in 1775. His world-famous investigations in electricity and lightning began in 1746. He became postmaster-general of the colonies in 1753, having devised an inter-colonial postal system. He advocated the rights of the colonies at all times, and procured the repeal of the Stamp Act in 1766. He was elected to the Continental congress of 1775, and in 1776 was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, being one of the commit- tee appointed to draft that paper. He rep- resented the new nation in the courts of Europe, especially at Paris, where his simple dignity and homely wisdom won him the admiration of the court and the favor of the people. He was governor of Pennsylvania tour vears; was also a member of the con- vention in 1787 that drafted the constitution of the United States. His writings upon political topics, anti- slavery, finance, and economics, stamp him as one of the greatest statesmen of his time, while his "Autobiography" and "Poor Richard's Almanac " give him precedence in the literary field. In early life he was an avowed skeptic in religious matters, but later in life his utterances on this subject were less extreme, though he never ex- pressed approval of any sect or creed. He died in Philadelphia April 17, 1790. DANIEL WEBSTER.— Of world wide reputation for statesmanship, diplo- macy, and oratory, there is perhaps no more prominent figure in the history of our coun- try in the interval between 181 5 and i86r, than Daniel Webster. He was born at Salisbury (now Franklin), New Hampshire, January 18, 1782, and was the second son of Ebenezer and Abigail (Eastman) Webster. He enjoyed but limited educational advan- tages in childhood, but spent a few months in 1797, at Phillip Exeter Academy. He completed his preparation for college in the family of Rev. Samuel Wood, at Boscawen, and entered Dartmouth College in the fall of 1797. He supported himself most of the time during these years by teaching school and graduated in 1801, having the credit of being the foremost scholar of his class. He entered the law office of Hon. Thomas W. Thompson, at Salisbur}'. In 1S02 he con- tinued his legal studies at Fryeburg, Maine, where he was principal of the academy and copyist in the office of the register of deeds. In the office of Christopher Gore, at Boston, he completed his studies in 1804-5, ^nd ^^'^s admitted to the bar in the latter year, and at Boscawen and at Ports- mouth soon rose to eminence in his profes- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. sion. ile became known as a federalist but did not court political honors; but, at- tracting attention by his eloquence in oppos- ing the war with England, he was elected to congress in 1812. During the special session of May, 181 3, he was appointed on the committee on foreign affairs and made his maiden speech June 10, 181 3. Through- out this session (as afterwards) he showed his mastery of the great economic questions of the day. He was re-elected in 18 14. In 1816 he removed to Boston and for seven years devdted himself to his profession, :arning by his arguments in the celebrated "Dartmouth College Case" rank among the most distinguished jurists of the country. !n 1820 Mr. Webster was chosen a member of the state convention of Massachusetts, to revise the constitution. The same year he delivered the famous discourse on the " Pil- grim fathers," which laid the foundation for his fame as an orator. Declining a nomi- nation for United States senator, in 1822 he was elected to the lower house of congress and was re-elected in 1824 and 1826, but in 1827 was transferred to the senate. He retained his seat in the latter chamber until 1 84 1. During this time his voice was ever lifted in defence of the national life and honor and although politically opposed to him he gave his support to the administra- tion of President Jackson in the latter's con- test with nullification. Through all these rears he was ever found upon the side of eight and justice and his speeches upon all the great questions of the day have be- -,orne household words in almost every family. In 1 841 Mr. Webster was appointed secretary of state by President Harrison and was continued in the same office by- President Tyler. While an incumbent of this office he showed consummate ability as a diplomat in the negotiation of the " Ash- burton treaty "of August 9- 1849, which settled many points of dispute between the United States and England. In May, 1 843. he resigned his post and resumed his pro- fession, and in December, 1845, took his place again in the senate. He contributed in an unofficial way to the solution of the Oregon question with Great Britain in 1847. He was disappointed in 1848 in not receiv- ing the nomination for the presidency. He became secretary of state under President Fillmore in 1850 and in dealing with all the complicated questions of the day showed a wonderful mastery of the arts of diplomacy. Being hurt in an accident he retired to his home at Marshfield, where he died Octo- ber 24, 1852. HORACE GREELEY.— As journalist, author, statesman and political leader, there is none more widely known than the man whose name heads this article. He was born in Amherst, New Hampshire, Feb- ruary 3, 181 1, and was reared upon a farm. At an early age he evinced a remarkable intelligence and love of learning, and at the age of ten had read every book he could borrow for miles around. About 1821 the family removed to Westhaven, Vermont, and for some years young Greeley assisted in carrying on the farm. In 1826 he entered the office of a weekly newspaper at East Poultney, Vermont, where he remained about four years. On the discontinuance of this paper he followed his father's family to Erie county, Pennsylvania, whither they had moved, and for a time worked at the printer's trade in that neigh- borhood. In 1 83 1 Horace went to New York City, and for a time found employ- ment as journeyman printer. January, 1833, in partnership with Francis Story, he published the Morning Post, the first penny COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 21 paper ever printed. This proved a failure and was discontinued after three weeks. The business of job printing was carried on, however, until the death of Mr. Story in July following. In company with Jonas Winchester, March 22, 1S34, Mr. Greeley commenced the publication of the Nciu Yorker, a weekly paper of a high character. For financial reasons, at the same time, Greeley wrote leaders for other papers, and, in 1838, took editorial charge of the fcffcr- soiiiait, a Whig paper published at Albany. In 1840, on the discontinuance of that sheet, ha devoted his energies to the Log Cabin, a campaign paper in the interests of the Whig party. In the fall of 1841 the latter paper was consolidated with the ^A'tti:' Yorker, un- der the name of the Tribune, the first num- ber of which was issued April 10, 184 1. At the head of this paper Mr. Greeley remained until the day of his death. In 1848 Horace Greeley was elected to the national house of representatives to fill a vacancy, and was a member of that body until March 4, 1S49. In 1851 he went to Europe and served as a juror at the World's Fair at the Crystal Palace, Lon- don. In 1855, he made a second visit to the old world. In 1859 he crossed the plains and received a public reception at San Francisco and Sacramento. He was a member of the Republican national con- vention, at Chicago in i860, and assisted in the nomination of Abraham Lincoln for President. The same year he was a presi- dential elector for the state of New York, and a delegate to the Loyalist convention at Philadelphia. At the close of the war, in 1865, Mr. Greeley became a strong advocate of uni- versal amnesty and complete pacification, and in pursuance of this consented to be- come one of the bondsmen for Jeflerson Davis, who was imprisoned for treason. In 1867 he was a delegate to the New York state convention for the revision of the constitution. In 1870 he was defeated for congress in the Sixth New York district. At the Liberal convention, which met in Cincinnati, in May, 1872, on the fifth ballot Horace Greeley was nominated for presi- dent and July following was nominated for the same office by the Democratic conven- tion at Baltimore. He was defeated by a large majority. The large amount of work done b}' him during the campaign, together with the loss of his wife about the same time, undermined his strong constitution, and he was seized with inflammation of the brain, and died November 29, 1872. In addition to his journalistic work, Mr. Greeley was the author of several meritori- ous works, among which were: "Hint? toward reform," "Glances at Europe," " History of the struggle for slavery exten sion," "Overland journey to San Francis- co," "The American conflict," and " Rec- ollections of a busy life." HENRY CLAY.— In writing of this em- inent American, Horace Greeley once said: "He was a matchless party chief, an admirable orator, a skillful legislator, wield- ing unequaled influence, not only over his friends, but even over those of his political antagonists who were subjected to the magic of his conversation and manners. " A law- yer, legislator, orator, and statesman, few men in history have wielded greater influ- ence, or occupied so prominent a place in the hearts of the generation in which they lived. Henry Clay was born near Richmond, in Hanover county, Virginia, April 12, 1777, the son of a poor Baptist preacher who died when Henry was but five years 22 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. old. The mother married again about ten years later and removed to Kentucky leav- ing Henry a clerk in a store at Richmond. Soon afterward Henry Clay secured a posi- tion as copyist in the office of the clerk of the high court of chancery, and four years later entered the law office of Robert Brooke, then attorney general and later governor of his native state. In 1797 Henry Clay was licensed as a lawyer and followed his mother to Kentucky, opening an office at Lexington and soon built up a profitable practice. Soon afterward Kentucky, in separating from Virginia, called a state convention for the purpose of framing a constitution, and Clay at that time took a prominent part, publicly urging the adoption of a clause providing for the abolition of slavery, but in this he was overruled, as he was fifty years later, when in the height of his fame he again ad- vised the same course when the state con- stitution was revised in 1850, Young Clay took a very active and conspicuous part in the presidential campaign in 1 800, favoring the election of Jefferson; and in 1803 was chosen to represent Fayette county in the state 'egislature. In 1806 General John Adair, then United States senator from Kentucky, resigned and Henry Clay was elected to fill the vacancy by the legislature and served through one session in which he at once assumed a prominent place. In 1807 he was again a representative in the legislature and was elected speaker of the house. At this time originated his trouble with Humphrey Marshall. Clay proposed that each member clothe himself and family wholly in American fabrics, which Marshall characterized as the " language of a dema- gogue." This led to a duel in which both parties were slightly injured. In 1809 Henry Clay was again elected to fill a va- cancy HI the United States senate, and two years later elected representative in the low- er house of congress, being chosen speaker of the house. About this time warwas de- clared against Great Britain, and Clay took a prominent public place during this strug- gle and was later one of the commissioners sent to Europe by President Madison to ne- gotiate peace, returning in September, 181 5, having been re-elected speaker of the house during his absence, and was re-elect- ed unanimously. He was afterward re- elected to congress and then became secre- tary of state undtir John Quincy Adams. In I 83 1 he was again elected senator from Kentucky and remained in the senate most of the time until his death. Henry Clay was three times a candidate for the presidency, and once very nearly elected. He was the unanimous choice of the Whig party in 1 844 for the presidency, and a great effort was made to elect him but without success, his opponent, James K. Polk, carrying both Pennsylvania and New York by a very slender margin, while either of them alone would have elected Clay. Henry Clay died at Washington Juoe 29, 1852. JAMES GILLESPIE BLAINE was one of the most distinguished of American statesmen and legislators. He was born January 31, 1830, in Washington county, Pennsylvania, and received a thorough edu- cation, graduating at Washington College in 1847. In early life he removed to Maine and engaged in newspaper work, becoming editor of the Portland ' 'Advertiser. " While yet a young man he gained distinction as a debater and became a conspicuous figure in political and public affairs. In 1862 he was elected to congress on the Republican ticket in Maine and was re-elected five times. In March, 1869, he was chosen speaker of the COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 28 house of representatives and was re-elected in 1871 and again in 1873. In 1876 he was a representative in the lower house of con- gress and during that year was appointed United States senator by the Governor to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator Morrill, who had been appointed secretary of the treasury. Mr. Blaine served in the senate until March 5, 1881, when President Garfield appointed him sec- retary of state, which position he resigned in December, 1881. Mr. Blaine was nom- inated for the presidency by the Republic- ans, at Chicago in June, 1884, but was de- feated by Grover Cleveland after an exciting and spirited campaign. During the later years of his life Mr. Blaine devoted most of his time to the completion of his work "Twenty Years in Congress," which had a remarkably large sale throughout the United States. Blaine was a man of great mental ability and force of character and during the latter part of his life was one of the most noted men of his time. He was the origina- tor of what is termed the " reciprocity idea" in tariff matters, and outlined the plan of carrying it into practical effect. In 1876 Robert G. Ingersoll in making a nominating speech placing Blaine's name as a candidate for president before the national Republican convention at Cincinnati, referred to Blaine as the " Plumed Knight " and this title clung to him during the remainder of his life. His death occurred at Washington, January 27, 1893. JOHN CALDWELL CALHOUN, a dis- tinguished American statesman, was a native of South Carolina, born in Abbeville district, March 18, 1782. He was given the advantages of a thorough education, graduating at Yale College in 1804, and adopted the calling of a lawyer. A Demo- i crat politically, at that time, he took a fore- most part in the councils of his party and was elected to congress in 181 1, supporting the tariff of 18 16 and the establishing of the United States Bank. In 1S17 he be- came secretary of war in President Monroe's cabinet, and in 1824 was elected vice-president of the United States, on the ticket with John Quincy Adams, and re-elected in 1 828, on the ticket with General Jackson. Shortly aftef this Mr. Calhoun became one of the strongest advocates of free trade and the principle of sovereignty of the states and was one of the originators of the doctrine that " any state could nullify unconstitutional laws of congress." Meanwhile Calhoun had be- come an aspirant for the presidency, and the fact that General Jackson advanced the interests of his opponent. Van Buren, led to a quarrel, and Calhoun resigned the vice- presidency in 1832 and was elected United States senator from South Carolina. It was during the same year that a convention was held in South Carolina at which the •' Nul- lification ordinance " was adopted, the ob- ject of which was to test the constitution- ality of the protective tariff measures, and to prevent if possible the collection of im- port duties in that state which had been levied more for the purpose of ' ' protection " than revenue. This ordinance was to go into effect in February, 1833, and created a great deal of uneasiness throughout the country as it was feared there would be a clash between the state and federal authori- ties. It was in this serious condition ot public affairs that Henry Clay came forward with the the famous "tariff compromise" of 1833, to which measure Calhoun and most of his followers gave their support and the crisis was averted. In 1843 Mr. Cal- houn was appointed secretary of state in President Tyler's cabinet, and it was under 24 COMPENDIUM OI^' BIOGRAPHT. his administration tliat the treaty concern- ing tiie annexation of Texas was negotiated. In 1845 he was re-elected to the United States senate and continued in the senate L-ntil his death, which occurred in March, 1 850. He occupied a high rank as a scholar, student and orator, and it is conceded that he was one of the greatest debaters America has produced. The famous debate between Calhoun and Webster, in 1833, "s regarded as the most noted for ability and eloquence in the history of the country. BENJ.\MIN FRANKLIN BUTLER, one of America's most brilliant and pro- found lawyers and noted public men, was a native of New England, born at Deer- field, New Hampshire, November 5, 18 18. His father. Captain John Butler, was a prominent man in his day, commanded a company during the war of 181 2, and served under Jackson at New Orleans. Benjamin F. Butler was given an excellent education, graduated at Waterville College, Maine, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1840, at Lowell, Massachusetts, where he commenced the practice of his profession and gained a wide reputation for his ability at the bar, acquiring an extensive practice and a fortune. Early in life he began taking an active interest in military affairs and served in the state militia through all grades from private to brigadier-general. In 1853 he was elected to the state legisla- ture on the Democratic ticket in Lowell, and took a prominent part in the passage of legislation in the interests of labor. Dur- ing the same year he was a member of the constitutional convention, and in 1859 rep- resented his district in the Massachusetts senate. When the Civil war broke out General Butler took the field and remained at the front most of the time during that bloody struggle. Part of the time he had charge of Fortress Monroe, and in Febru- ary, 1862, took command of troops forming part of the expedition against New Orleans, and later had charge of the department of the Gulf. He was a conspicuous figure dur- ing the continuance of the war. After the close of hostilities General Butler resumed his law practice in Massachusetts and in 1866 was elected to congress from the Es- sex district. In 1882 he was elected gov- ernor of Massachusetts, and in 1884 was the nominee of the *' Greenback" party for president of the United States. He con- tinued his legal practice, and maintained his place as one of the most prominent men in New England until the time of his death, which occurred January 10, 1893. JEFFERSON DAVIS, an officer, states- man and legislator of prominence in America, gained the greater part of his fame from the fact that he was president of the southern Confederacy. Mr. Davis was born in Christian county, Kentucky, June 3, 1808, and his early education and surround- ings were such that his sympathies and in- clinations were wholly with the southern people. He received a thorough education, graduated at West Point in 1828. and for a number of years served in the army at west- ern posts and in frontier service, first as lieutenant and later as adjutant. In 1835 he resigned and became a cotton planter in Warren county, Mississippi, where he took an active interest in public affairs and be- came a conspicuous figure in politics. In 1844 he was a presidential elector from Mississippi and during the two following years served as congressman from his d's- trict. He then became colonel of a iviissis- sippi regiment in the war with Mexico ana participated in some of the most severe l-hl- COMPENDIUM OP BIOGRAPHT. 25 ties, being seriously wounded at Buena Vista. Upon his return to private life he again took a prominent part in political af- fairs and represented his state in the United States senate from 1847 to 1851. He then entered President Pierce's cabinet as secre- tary of war, after which he again entered the United States senate, remaining until the outbreak of the Civil war. He then be- came president of the southern confederacy and served as such until captured in May, 1865, at Irwinville. Georgia. He was held as prisoner of war at Fortress Monroe, until 1867, when he was released on bail and finally set free in 1868. His death occurred December 6, 1889. Jefferson Davis was a man of excellent abilities and was recognized as one of the best organizers of his day. He was a forceful and fluent speaker and a ready writer. He wrote and published the " Rise and Fall of the Southern Confederacy," a work which is considered as authority by the southern peopk JOHN ADAMS, the second president of the United States, and one of the most conspicuous figures in the early struggles of his country for independence, was born in the present town of Quincy, then a portion of Braintree, Massachusetts, October 30, '735- He received a thorough education, graduating at Harvard College in 1755, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1758. He was well adapted for this profes- sion and after opening an office in his native town rapidly grew in prominence and public favor and soon was regarded as one of the leading lawyers of the country. His atten- tion was called to political affairs by the passage of the Stamp Act, in 1765, and he drew up a set of resolutions on the subject which were very popular. In 1 768 he re- moved to 'Boston and became one of the most courageous and prominent advocates of the popular cause and was chosen a member of the Colonial legislature from Boston. He was one of the delegates that represented Massachusetts in the first Con-, tinental congress, which met in September, 1774. In a letter written at this crisis he uttered the famous words: "The die is now cast; I have passed the Rubicon. Sink or swim, live or die, survive or perish with my country, is my unalterable determination." He was a prominent figure in congress and advocated the movement for independence when a majority of the members were in- clined to temporize and to petition the King. In May, 1776, he presented a resolution in congress that the colonies should assume the duty of self-government, which was passed. In June, of the same year, a reso- lution that the United States "are, and ol right ought to be, free and independent," was moved by Richard H. Lee, seconded by Mr. Adams and adopted by a small majority, Mr. Adams was a member of the committee of five appointed June 11 to prepare a declaration of independence, in support of which he made an eloquent speech. He was chairman of the Board of War in 1776 and in 1 778 was sent as commissioner to France, but returned the following year. In 1780 he went to Europe, having been appointed as minister to negotiate a treaty of peace and commerce with Great Britain. Con- jointly with Franklin and Jay he negotiated a treaty in 1782. He was employed as a minister to the Court of St. James from 1785 to 1788, and during that period wrote his famous "Defence of the American Con- stitutions." In 1789 he became vice-presi- dent of the United States and was re-elected in 1792. In 1796 Mr. Adams was chosen presi- 26 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. dent of the United States, his competitor being Thomas Jefferson, who became vice- president. In 1800 he was the Federal candidate for president, but he was not cordially supported by Gen. Hamilton, the favorite leader of his party, and was de- feated by Thomas Jefferson. Mr. Adams then retired from public life to his large estate at Quincy, Mass., where he died July 4, 1826, on the same day that witnessed the death of Thomas Jefferson. Though his physical frame began to give way many years before his death, his mental powers retained their strength and vigor to the last. In his ninetieth year he was glad- dened by .the elevation of his son, John Quincy Adams, to the presidential office. HENRY WARD BEECHER, one of the most celebrated American preachers and authors, was born at Litchfield, Connec- ticut, June 24, 1 8 1 3. His father was Dr. Ly- man Beecher, also an eminent divine. At an early age Henry Ward Beecher had a strong predilection for a sea-faring life, and it was practically decided that he would fol- low this inclination, but about this time, in consequence of deep religious impressions which he experienced during a revival, he renounced his former intention and decided to enter the ministry. After having grad- uated at Amherst College, in 1834, he stud- ied theology at Lane Seminary under the tuition of his father, who was then president of that institution. In 1847 he became pas- tor of the Plymouth Congregational church in Brooklyn, where his oratorical ability and original eloquence attracted one of the larg- est congregations in the country. He con- tinued to served this church until the time of his death, March 8, 1887. Mr. Beecher also, found time for a great amount of liter- ary work For a number of years he was editor of the "Independent" and also the "Christian Union." He also produced many works which are widely known. Among his principal productions are ' 'Lectures to Young Men," " Star Papers, " "Life of Christ," "Life Thoughts," "Royal Truths" (a novel), "Norwood," " Evolution and Rev- olution," and "Sermons on Evolution and Religion. " Mr. Beecher was also long a prominent advocate of anti-slavery princi- ples and temperance reform, and, at a later period, of the rights of women. JOHN A. LOGAN, the illustrious states- man and general, was born in Jackson county, Illinois, February 9, 1824. In his boyhood days he received but a limited edu- cation in the schools of his native county. On the breaking out of the war with Mexico he enlisted in the First Illinois Volunteers and became its quartermaster. At the close of hostilities he returned home and was elected clerk of the courts of Jackson county in 1849. Determining to supplement his education Logan entered the Louisville Uni- versity, from which he graduated in 1852 and taking up the study of law was admitted to the bar. He attained popularity and suc- cess in his chosen profession and was elected to the legislature in 1852, 1853, 1856 and 1857. He was prosecuting attorney from 1853 to 1857. He was elected to congress in 1858 to fill a vacancy and again in i860. At the outbreak of the Rebellion, Logan re- signed his office and entered the army, and in September, 1861, was appointed colonel of the Thirty-first Illinois Infantry, which he led in the battles of Belmont and Fort Don- elson. In the latter engagement he was wounded. In March, 1862, he was pro- moted to be brigadier-general and in the following month participated in the battles of f^ittsburg Landing. In November, 1862, COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 29 for gallant conduct he was made major-gen- eral. Throughout the Vicksburg campaign he was in command of a division of the Sev- enteenth Corps and was distinguished at Port Gibson, Champion Hills and in the siege and capture of Vicksburg. In October, 1863, he was placed in command of the Fifteenth Corps, which he led with great credit. During the terrible conflict before Atlanta, July 22, 1864, on the death of General McPherson, Logan, assuming com- mand of the Army of the Tennessee, led it on to victory, saving the day by his energy and ability. He was shortly after succeeded by General O. O. Howard and returned to the command of his corps. He remained in command until the presidential election, when, feeling that his influence was needed at home he returned thither and there re- mained until the arrival of Sherman at Sa- vannah, when General Logan rejoined his command. In May, 1865, he succeeded General Howard at the head of the Army of the Tennessee. He resigned from the army in August, the same year, and in November was appointed minister to Me.xico, but de- clined the honor. He served in the lower house of the fortieth and forty-first con- gresses, and was elected United States sena- tor from his native state in 1870, 1S78 and 1885. He was nominated for the vice-presi- dency in 1884 on the ticket with Blaine, but was defeated. General Logan was the author of ' ' The Great Conspiracy, its origin and history," published in 1885. He died at Washington, December 26, 1886. JOHN CHARLES FREMONT, the first Republican candidate for president, was born in Savannah, Georgia, January 21, 18 1 3. He graduated from Charleston Col- lege (South Carolina) in 1830, and turned his attention to civil engineering. He was shortly 2 afterward employed in the department of government surveys on the Mississippi, and constructing maps of that region. He was made lieutenant of engineers, and laid be- fore the war department a plan for pene- trating the Rocky Mountain regions, which was accepted, and in 1842 he set out upon his first famous exploring expedition and ex- plored the South Pass. He also planned an expedition to Oregon by a new route further south, but afterward joined his expedition with that of Wilkes in the region of the Great Salt Lake. He made a later expedi- tion which penetrated the Sierra Nevadas, and the San Joaquin and Sacramento river valleys, making maps of all regions explored. In 1845 he conducted the great expedi- tion which resulted in the acquisition of California, which it was believed the Mexi- can government was about to dispose of to England. Learning that the Mexican gov- ernor was preparing to attack the American settlements in his dominion, Fremont deter- mined to forestall him. The settlers rallied to his camp, and in June, 1846, he defeated the Mexican forces at Sonoma Pass, and a month later completely routed the governor and his entire army. The Americans at once declared their independence of Mexico, and Fremont was elected governor of Cali- fornia. By this time Commodore Stockton had reached the coast with instructions from Washington to conquer California. Fre- mont at once joined him in that effort, which resulted in the annexation of California with its untold mineral wealth. Later Fremont became involved in a difficulty with fellow officers which resulted in a court martial, and the surrender of his commission. He declined to accept reinstatement. He af- terward laid out a great road from the Mis- sissippi river to San Francisco, and became the first United States senator from Califor- 80 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAriTT. nia, in 1849. I" 1856 he was nominated by the new RepubHcan party as its first can- didate for president against Buchanan, and received 1 14 electoral votes, out of 296. In 1 86 1 he was made major-general and placed in charge of the western department. He planned the reclaiming of the entire Mississippi valley, and gathered an army of thirty thousand men, \yith plenty of artil- lery, and was ready to move upon the con- federate General Price, when he was de- prived of his command. He was nominated for the presidency at Cincinnati in 1864, but withdrew. He was governor of Arizona in 1878, holding the position four years. He was interested in an engineering enterprise looking toward a great southern trans-con- tinental railroad, and in his later years also practiced law in New York. He died July 1 3, 1890. WENDELL PHILLIPS, the orator and abolitionist, and a conspicuous figare in American histor}-, was born November 29, 181 1, at Boston, Massachusetts. He received a good education at Harvard College, from which he graduated in 1831, and then entered the Cambridge Law School . After completing his course in that institu- tion, in 1833, he was admitted to the bar, in 1834, at Suffolk. He entered the arena of life at the time when the forces of lib- erty and slavery had already begun their struggle that was to culminate in the Civil war. William Lloyd Garrison, by his clear- headed, courageous declarations of the anti- slavery principles, had done much to bring about this struggle. Mr. Phillips was not a man that could stand aside and see a great struggle being carried on in the interest of humanity and look passively on. He first attracted attention as an orator in 1837, at a meeting that was called to protest against the murder of the Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy. The meeting would have ended in a few perfunctory resolutions had not Mr. Phillips by his manly eloquence taken the meeting out of the hands of the few that were in- clined to temporize and avoid radical utter- ances. Having once started out in this ca- reer as an abolitionist Phillips never swerved from what he deemed his duty, and never turned back. He gave up his legal practice and launched himself heart and soul in the movement for the liberation of the slaves. He was an orator of very great ability and by his earnest efforts and eloquence he did much in arousing public sentiment in behalf of the anti-slavery cause — possibly more than any one man of his time. After the abolition of slavery Mr. Phillips was, if pos- sible, even busier than before m the literary and lecture field. Besides temperance and women's rights, he lectured often and wrote much on finance, and the relations of labor and capital, and his utterances on whatever subject always bore the stamp of having emanated from a master mind. Eminent Clitics have stated that it might fairly be questioned whether there has ever spoken in America an orator superior to Phillips. The death of this great man occurred Feb- ruary 4, 1884. WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN was one of the greatest generals that the world has ever produced and won im- mortal fame by that strategic and famous " march to the sea," in the war of the Re- bellion. He was born February 8, 1820, at Lancaster, Ohio, and was reared in the family of the Hon. Thomas Ewing, as his father died when he was but nine years of age. He entered West Point in 1836, was graduated from the same in 1840, and ap- pointed a second lieutenant in the Third COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 31 Artillery. He passed through the various grades of the service and at the outbreak of the Civil war was appointed colonel of the Thirteenth Reji^ular Infantry. A full history of General Sherman's conspicuous services would be to repeat a history of the army. He commanded a division at Shiloh, and was instrumental in the winning of that bat- tle, and was also present at the siege of Vicks- burg. On July 4, 1863, he was appointed brigadier-general of the regular army, and shared with Hooker the victory of Mission- ary Ridge. He was commander of the De- panment of the Tennessee from October 27th until the appjintment of General Grant as lieutenant-general, by whom he was appointed to the command of the De- partment of the Mississippi, which he as- sumed in March, 1864. He at once began organizing the army and enlarging his com- munications preparatory to his march upon Atlanta, which he started the same time of the beginning of the Richmond campaign by Grant. He started on May 6, and was op- posed by Johnston, who had fifty thousand men, but by consummate generalship, he captured Atlanta, on September 2, after several months of hard fighting and a severe loss of men. General Sherman started on his famous march to the sea November 15, 1864, and by December 10 he was before Savannah, which he took on December 23. This campaign is a monument to the genius of General Sherman as he only lost 567 men from Atlanta to the sea. After rest- ing his army he moved northward and occu- pied the following places: Columbia, Cheraw, Fayetteville, Ayersboro, Benton- ville, Goldsboro, Raleigh, and April 18, he accepted the surrender of Johnston's army on a basis of agreement that was not re- ceived by the Government with favor, but finally accorded Johnston the same terms as Lee was given by General Grant. He was present at the grand review at Washington, and after the close of the war was appointed to the command of the military division of the Mississippi; later was appointed lieu- tenant-general, and assigned to the military division of the Missouri. When General Grant was elected president Sherman became general, March 4, 1869, and succeeded to the command of the army. His death oc- curred February 14, 1891, at Washington. ALEXANDER HAMILTON, one of the most prominent of the early American statesmen and financiers, was born in Nevis, an island of the West Indies, January ii," 1757, his father being a Scotchman and his mother of Huguenot descent. Owing to the death of his mother and business reverses which came to his father, young Hamilton was sent to his mother's relatives in Santa Cru2; a few years later was sent to a gram- mar school at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, and in 1773 entered what is now known as Columbia College. Even at that time he began taking an active part in public affairs and his speeches, pamphlets, and newspaper articles on political affairs of the day at- tracted considerable attention. In 1776 he received a captain's commission and served in Washington's army with credit, becoming aide-de-camp to Washington with rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1781 he resigned his commission because of a rebuke from Gen- eral Washington. He next received com- mand of a New York battalion and partici- pated in the battle of Yorktown. After this Hamilton studied law, served several terms in congress and was a member of the convention at which the Federal Constitu- tion was drawn up. His work connected with " The Federalist " at about this time attracted much attention. Mr. Hamilton ^2 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. was chosen as the first secretary of the United States treasury and as such was the author of the funding system and founder of the United States Bank. In 1798 he was made inspector-general of the army with the rank of major-general and was also for a short time commander-in-chief. In 1804 Aaron Burr, then candidate for governor of New York, challenged Alexander Hamilton to fight a duel. Burr attributing his defeat to Hamilton's opposition, and Hamilton, though declaring the code as a relic of bar- barism, accepted the challenge. They met at Weehawken, New Jersey, July 11, 1804. Hamilton declined to fire at his adversary, but at Burr's first fire was fatally wounded and died July 12, 1804. ALEXANDER HAMILTON STEPH- ENS, vice-president of the southern confederacy, a former United States senator and governor of Georgia, ranks among the great men of American history. He was born February 11, 18 12, near Crawfordsville, Georgia. He was a graduate of the Uni- versity of Georgia, and admitted to the bar in 1834. In 1837 he made his debut in political life as a member of the state house of representatives, and in 1 84 1 declined the nomination for the same office; but in 1842 he was chosen by the same constituency as state senator. Mr. Stephens was one of the promoters of the Western and Atlantic Railroad. In 1843 he was sent by his dis- trict to the national house of representatives, which office he held for sixteen consec- utive years. He was a member of the house during the passing of the Compromise Bill, and was one of its ablest and most active supporters. The same year (1850) Mr. Stephens was a delegate to the state ■convention that framed the celebrated " Georgia Platform," and was also a dele- gate to the convention that passed the ordi- nance of secession, though he bitterly op- posed that bill by voice and vote, yet he readily acquiesced in their decision after it received the votes of the majority of the convention. He was chosen vice-president of the confederacy without opposition, and in 1865 he was the head of the commis- sion sent by the south to the Hampton Roads conference. He was arrested after the fall of the confederacy and was con- fined in Fort Warren as a prisoner of state but was released on his own parole. Mr. Stephens was elected to the forty-third, forty-fourth, forty-fifth, forty-sixth and for- ty-seventh congresses, with hardly more than nominal opposition. He was one of the Jeffersonian school of American politics. He wrote a number of works, principal among which are: "Constitutional View of the War between the States," and a " Compendium of the History of the United States." He was inaugurated as governor of Georgia November 4th, 1882, but died March 4, 1883, before the completion of his term. ROSCOE CONKLING was one of the most noted and famous of American statesmen. He was among the most fin- ished, fluent and eloquent orators that have ever graced the halls of the American con- gress; ever ready, witty and bitter in de- bate he was at once admired and feared by his political opponents and revered by his followers. True to his friends, loyal to the last degree to those with whom his inter- ests were associated, he was unsparing to his foes and it is said "never forgot an injury." Roscoe Conkling was born at Albany, New York, on the 30th of October, 1829, being a son of Alfred Conkling. Alfred Conkling was also a native of New York, COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPIli: 33 born at East Hampton, October 12, 1789, and became one of the most eminent law- j-ers in the Empire state; published several legal works; served a term in congress; aft- erward as United States district judge for Northern New York, and in 1852 was min- ister to Mexico. Alfred Conkling died in 1874. Roscoe Conkling, whose name heads this article, at an early age took up the study of law and soon became successful and prominent at the bar. About 1846 he re- moved to Utica and in 1858 was elected mayor of that city. He was elected repre- sentative in congress from this district and was re-elected three times. In 1867 he was elected United States senator from the state of New York and was re-elected in 1873 and 1879. In May, 1881, he resigned on account of differences with the president. In March, 1S82, he was appointed and con- firmed as associate justice of the United States supreme court but declined to serve. His death occurred April 18, 1888. WASHINGTON IRVING, one of the most eminent, talented and popu- lar of American authors, was born in New York City, April 3, 1783. His father was William Irving, a merchant and a native of Scotland, who had married an English lady and emigrated to America some twenty years prior to the birth of Washington. Two of the older sons, William and Peter, were partially occupied with newspaper work and literary pursuits, and this fact naturally inclined Washington to follow their example. Washington Irving was given the advantages afforded by the common schools until about sixteen years of age when he began studying law, but continued to acquire his hterary training by" diligent perusal at home of the older English writers. When nineteen he made his first literary venture by printing in the ' ' Morning Chroni- cle," then edited by his brother. Dr. Peter Irving, a series of local sketches under the nom-dc-plumc oi " Jonathan Oldstyle." In 1804 he began an extensive trip through Europe, returned in 1806, quickly com- pleted his legal studies and was admitted to the bar, but never practiced the profession. In 1807 he began the amusing serial "Sal- magundi," which had an immediate suc- cess, and not only decided his future career but long determined the charac- ter of his writings. In 180S, assisted by his brother Peter, he wrote " Knickerbock- er's History of New York," and in 18 10 an excellent biography of Campbell, the poet, After this, for some time, Irving's attention was occupied by mercantile interests, but the commercial house in which he was a partner failed in 1817. In 1S14 he was editor of the Philadelphia " Analectic Maga- zine." About 1 81 8 appeared his "Sketch- Book, " over the nom-de-plumc of ' 'Geoffrey Crayon," which laid the foundation of Ir- ving's fortune and permanent fame. This was soon followed by the legends of "Sleepy Hollow," and " Rip Van Winkle," which at once took high rank as literary productions, and Irving's reputation was firmly established in both the old and new worlds. After this the path of Irving was smooth, and his subsequent writings ap- peared with rapidity, including "Brace- bridge Hall," "The Tales of a Traveler," " History of the Life and Voyages of Chris- topher Columbus," "The Conquest of Granada," "The Alhambra," "Tour on the Prairies," "Astoria," "Adventures of Captain Bonneville," "Wolfert's Roost," " Mahomet and his Successors," and "Life of Washington," besides other works. Washington Irving was never married. 84 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. He resided during the closing years of his life at Sunnyside (Tarrytown) on the Hud- son, where he died November 28, 1859. CHARLES SUMNER.— Boldly outlined on the pages of our history stands out the rugged figure of Charles Sumner, states- man, lawyer and writer. A man of unim- peachable integrity, indomitable will and with the power of tireless toil, he was a fit leader in troublous times. First in rank as an anti-slavery leader in the halls of con- gress, he has stamped his image upon the annals of his time. As an orator he took front rank and, in wealth of illustration, rhetoric and lofty tone his eloquence equals anything to be found in history. Charles Sumner was born in Boston, Massachusetts, January 6, 181 1, and was the son of Charles P. and Relief J. Sumner. The family had long been prominent in that state. Charles was educated at the Boston Public Latin School; entered Harvard Col- lege in 1826, and graduated therefrom in 1830. In 1 83 1 he joined the Harvard Lav/ School, then under charge of Judge Story, and gave himself up to the study of law with enthusiasm. His leisure was devoted to contributing to the American Jurist. Ad- mitted to the bar in 1834 he was appointed reporter to the circuit court by Judge Story. He published several works about this time, and from 1835 to 1837 and again in 1843 was lecturer in the law school. He had planned a lawyer's life, but in 1845 he gave his attention to politics, speaking and working against the admission of Texas to the Union and subsequentl}' against the Mexican war. In 1848 he was defeated for congress on the Free Soil ticket. His stand on the anti- slavery question at that time alienated both friends and clients, but he never swerved from his convictions. In 1851 he was elected to the United States senate and took his seat therein December i of that year. From this time his life became the history of the anti-slavery cause in congress. In August, 1852, he began his attacks on slavery by a masterly argument for the repeal of the fugitive slave law. On May 22, 1856, Pres- ton Brooks, nephew of Senator Butler, of South Carolina, made an attack upon Mr. Sumner, at his desk in the senate, striking him over the head with a heavy cane. The attack was quite serious in its effects and kept Mr. Sumner absent from his seat in the senate for about four years. In 1857, 1863 and 1869 he was re-elected to the office of senator, passing some twenty-three years in that position, always advocating the rights of freedom and equity. He died March 11, 1874- THOMAS JEFFERSON, the third pres- ident of the United States, was born near Charlottesville, Albemarle county, Vir- ginia, April 13, 1743, and was the son of Peter and Jane (Randolph) Jefferson. He received the elements of a good education, and in 1760 entered \\'illiam and Mary Col- lege. After remaining in that institution for two years he took up the study of law with George Wythe, of Williamsburg, Virginia, one of the foremost lawyers of his day, and was admitted to practice in 1767. He ob- tained a large and profitable practice, which he held for eight years. The conflict be- tween Great Britain and the Colonies then drew him into public life, he having for some time given his attention to the study of the sources of law, the origin of liberty and equal rights. Mr. Jefferson was elected to the Virginia house of burgesses in 1769, and served in that body several years, a firm supporter of liberal measures, and, although a slave- II II COMPENDIU.^r OF BlOGRAPHl'. 85 holder himself, an opponent of slavery. With others, he was a leader among the op- position to the king. He took his place as a member of the Continental congress June 21, 1775, and after serving on several com- mittees was appointed to draught a Declara- tion of Independence, which he did, some corrections being suggested by Dr. Franklin and John Adams. This document was pre- sented to congress June 28, 1776, and after six days' debate was passed and was signed. In the following September Mr. Jefferson resumed his seat in the Virginia legislature, and gave much time to the adapting of laws of that state to the new condition of things. He drew up the law, the first ever passed by a legislature or adopted by a government, which secured perfect religious freedom. June I, 1779, he succeeded Patrick Henry as governor of Virginia, an office which, after co operating with Washington in de- fending the country, he resigned two years later. One of his own estates was ravaged by the British, and his house at Monticello was held by Tarleton for several days, and Jefferson narrowly escaped capture. After the death of his wife, in 1782, he accepted the position of plenipotentiary to France, which he had declined in 1776. Before leaving he served a short time in congress at Annapolis, and succeeded in carrying a bill for establishing our present decimal sys- tem of currency, one of his most useful pub- lic services. He remained in an official ca- pacity until October, 1789, and was a most active and vigilant minister. Besides the onerous duties of 1 is office, during this time, he published "Notes on Virginia," sent to the United States seeds, shrubs and plants, forwarded literary and scientific news and gave useful advice to some of the leaders of the French Revolution. Mr. Jefferson landed in Virginia Novem- ber 18, 1789, having obtained a leave of absence from his post, and shortly after ac- cepted Washington's offer of the portfolio of the department of state in his cabinet. He entered upon the duties of his office in March, 1791, and held it until January i, 1794, when he tendered his resignation. About this time he and Alexander Hamilton became decided and aggressive political op- ponents, Jefferson being in warm sympathy with the people in the French revolution and strongly democratic in his feelings, while Hamilton took the opposite side. In 1796 Jefferson was elected vice-president of the United States. In 1800 he was elected to the presidency and was inaugurated March 4, 1801. During his administration, which lasted for eight years, he having been re-elected in 1804, he waged a successful war against the Tripolitan pirates; purchased Louisiana of Napoleon; reduced the public debt, and was the originator of many wise measures. Declining a nomination for a third term he returned to Monticello, where he died July 4, 1826, but a few hours before the death of his friend, John Adams. Mr. Jefferson was married January i, 1772, to Mrs. Martha Skelton, a young, beautiful, and wealthy widow, who died September 6, 1782, leaving three children, three more having died previous to her demise. CORNELIUS VANDERBILT,known as "Commodore" Vanderbilt, was the founder of what constitutes the present im- mense fortune of the Vanderbilt family. He was born May 27, 1794, at Port Richmond, Staten Island, Richmond county, New York, and we find him at sixteen years run- ning a small vessel between his home and New York City. The fortifications of Sta- ten and Long Islands were just in course of 8(5 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. construction, and he carried the laborers from New York to the fortifications in his " perianger, " as it was called, in the day, and at night carried supplies to the fort on the Hudson. Later he removed to New York, where he added to his little fleet. At the age of twenty- three he was free from debt and was worth $9,000, and in 18 17, with a partner he built the first steamboat that was run between New York and New Brunswick, New Jersey, and became her captain at a salary of $1,000 a year. The next year he took command of a larger and better boat and by 1824 he was in complete control of the Gibbon's Line, as it was called, which he had brought up to a point where it paid $40,000 a year. Commodore Vandertilt acquired the ferry between New York and Elizabethport, New Jersey, on a fourt«en years' lease and conducted this on a paying basis. He severed his connections with Gibbons in 1829 and engaged in business alone and for twenty years he was the leading steamboat man in the country, building and operating steamboats on the Hudson River, Long Island Sound, on the Delaware River and the route to Boston, and he had the monopoly of trade on these routes. In 1S50 he determined to broaden his field of operation and accordingly built the steamship Prometheus and sailed for the Isthmus of Darlen, where he desired to make a personal investigation of the pros- pects of the American Atlantic and Pacific Ship Canal Company, in which he had pur- chased a controlling interest. Commodore Vanderbilt planned, as a result of this visit, a transit route from Greytown on the At- lantic coast to San Juan del Sud on the Pa- cific coast, which was a saving of 700 miles over the old route. In 1851 he placed three steamers on the Atlantic side and four on the Pacific side to accommodate the enor- mous traffic occasioned by the discovery of gold in California. The following year three more vessels were added to his fleet and a branch line established from New Orleans to Greytown. In 1853 the Com- modore sold out hisNicarauguaTransit Com- pany, which had netted him $1,000,000 and built the renowned steam yacht, the "North Star." He continued in the ship- ping business nine years longer and accu- mulated some $10,000,000. In 1861 he presented to the government his magnifi- cent steamer "Vanderbilt, " which had cost him $800,000 and for which he received the thanks of congress. In 1844 he became interested in the railroad business which he followed in later years and became one of the greatest railroad magnates of his time. He founded the Vanderbilt University at a cost of $1,000,000. He died January 4, 1877, leaving a fortune estimated at over $100,000,000 to his children. DANIEL BOONE was one of the most famous of the many American scouts, pioneers and hunters which the early settle- ment of the western states brought into prominence. Daniel Boone was born Feb- ruary II, 1735, in Bucks county, Pennsyl- vania, but while yet a young man removed to North Carolina, where he was married. In 1769, with five companions, he pene- trated into the forests and wilds of Kentucky — then uninhabited by white men. He had frequent conflicts with the Indians and was captured by them but escaped and continued to hunt in and explore that region for over a year, when, in 1771, he returned to his home. In the summer of 1773, he removed with his own and five other families into what was then the wilderness of Kentucky, and to defend his colony against the savages, he built, in 1775, a fort at Boonesborough, COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 37 on the Kentucky river. This fort was at- tacked by the Indians several times in 1777, but they were repulsed. The following year, however, Boone was surprised and captured by them. They took him to De- troit and treated him with leniency, but he soon escaped and returned to his fort which he defended with success against four hun- dred and fifty Indians in August, 1778. His son, Enoch Boone, was the first white male child born in the state of Kentucky. In 1795 Daniel Boone removed with his family to Missouri, locating about forty-five miles west of the present site of St. Louis, where he found fresh fields for his favorits pursuits — adventure, hunting, and pioneer hfe. His death occurred September 20, 1820. HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFEL- LOW, said to have been America's greatest "poet of the people," was born at Portland, Maine, February 27, 1807. He entered Bowdoin College at the age of four- teen, and graduated in 1825. During his college days he distinguished himself in mod- ern languages, and wrote several short poems, one of the best known of which was the " Hymn of the Moravian Nuns." After his graduation he entered the law office of his father, but the following year was offered the professorship of modern languages at Bowdoin, with the privilege of three years study in Europe to perfect himself in French, Spanish, Italian and German. After the three years were passed he returned to the United States and entered upon his profes- sorship in 1829. His first volume was a small essay on the "Moral and Devotional Poetry of Spain" in 1833. In 1835 he pub- lished some prose sketches of travel under the title of "Outre Mer, a Pilgrimage be- yond the Sea." In 1835 he was elected to the chair of modern languages and literature at Harvard University and spent a year in Denmark, Sweden and Switzerland, culti- vating a knowledge of early Scandinavian literature and entered upon his professor- ship in 1836. Mr. Longfellow published in 1839 " Hyperion, aRomance," and "Voices of the Night, " and his first volume of original verse comprising the selected poems of twenty years work, procured him immediate recognition as a poet. " Ballads and other poems" appeared in 1842, the "Spanish Student" a drama in three acts, in 1843, "The Belfry of Bruges " in 1846, "Evan- geline, a Tale of Acadia," in 1847, which was considered his master piece. In 1845 he published a large volume of the "Poets and Poetry of Europe," 1849 " Kavanagh, a Tale," "The Seaside and Fireside" in 1850, "The Golden Legend " in 1 85 1, "The Song of Hiawatha " in 1855, "The Court- ship of Miles Standish " in 1858, " Tales of a Wayside Inn " in 1863; " Flower de Luce' in 1866;" "New England Tragedies" in 1869; "The Divine Tragedy" in 1871; "Three Books of Song" in 1872; "The Hanging of the Crane " in 1874. He also published a masterly translation of Dante in 1867-70 and the " Morituri Salutamus," a poem read at the fiftieth anniversary of his class at Bowdoin College. Prof. Long- fellow resigned his chair at Harvard Univer- sity in 1854, but continued to reside at Cam- bridge. Some of his poetical works have been translated into many languages, and their popularity rivals that of the best mod- ern English poetry. He died March 24, 18S2, but has left an imperishable fame as one of the foremost of American poets. PETER COOPER was in three partic- ulars — as a capitalist and manufacturer, as an inventor, and as a philanthropist — connected intimately with some of the most 88 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. important and useful accessions to the in- dustrial arts of America, its progress in in- ve.ilion and the promotion of educational and beneviient institutions intended for the benefit of people at large. He was born in New York city, February I2, 1791. His life was one of labor and struggle, as it was with most of America's successful men. In early boyhood he commenced to help his 'ather as a manufacturer of hats. He at- tended school only for half of each day for a single year, and beyond this his acquisi- tions were all his own. When seventeen years old he was placed with John Wood- ward to learn the trade of coach-making and served his apprenticeship so satisfactorily that his master oF"red to set him up in busi- ness, but this he declined because of the debt and obligation it would involve. The foundation of Mr. Cooper's fortune was laid in the invention of an improvement in machines for shearing cloth. This was largely called into use during the war of 18 1 2 with England when all importations of cloth from that country were stopped. The machines lost their value, however, on the declaration of peace. Mr. Cooper then turned his shop into the manufacture of cabinet ware. He afterwards went into the grocery business in New York and finally he engaged in the manufacture of glue and isin- glass which he carried on for more than fifty years. In 1830 he erected iron works in Canton, near Baltimore. Subsequently he erected a rolling and a wire mill in the cit>' of New York, in which he first success- fully applied anthracite to the puddling of iron. In these works, he was the first to roll wrought-iron beams for fire-proof build- ings. These works grew to be very exten- sive, including mines, blast farnaces, etc. While in Baltimore Mr. Cooper built in 1830, after his own designs, the first loco- motive engine ever constructed on this con- tinent and it was successfully operated on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. He also took a great interest and invested large cap- ital in the extension of the electric telegraph, also in the laying of the first Atlantic cable; besides interesting himself largely in the New York state canals. But the most cherished object of Mr. Cooper's life was the establishment of an institution for the instruction of the industrial classes, which he carried out on a magnificent scale in New York city, where the "Cooper Union'' ranks among the most important institu- tions. In May, 1876, the Independent party nominated Mr. Cooper for president of the United States, and at the election following he received nearly 100,000 votes. His death occurred April 4, 1883. GENERAL ROBERT EDWARD LEE, one of the most conspicuous Confeder- ate generals during the Civil war, and one of the ablest military commanders of mod- ern times, was born at Stratford House, Westmoreland county, Virginia, January 19, 1807. In 1 82 5 he entered the West Point academy and was graduated second in his class in 1829, and attached to the army as second lieutenant of engineers. For a number of years he was thus engaged in en- gineering work, aiding in establishing the boundary line between Ohio and Michigan, and superintended various river and harbor improvements, becoming captain of engi- neers in 1838. He first saw field service in the Mexican war, and under General Scott performed valuable and efficient service. In that brilliant campaign he was conspicu- ous for professional ability as well as gallant and meritorious conduct, winning in quick succession the brevets of major, lieutenant- 11 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 39 colonel, and colonel for his part in the bat- tles of Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Cherubusco, Chapultepec, and in the capture of the city Mexico. At the close of that war he re- sumed his engineering work in connection with defences along the Atlantic coast, and from 1852 to 1855 was superintendent of the Military Academy, a position which he gave up to become lieutenant-colonel of the Second Cavalry. For several years there- after he served on the Texas border, but happening to be near Washington at the time of John Brown's raid, October 17 to 25, 1859, Colonel Lee was placed in com- mand of the Federal forces employed in its repression. He soon returned to his regi- ment in Texas where he remained the greater part of i860, and March 16, 1 861, became colonel of his regiment by regular promotion. Three weeks later, April 25, he resigned upon the secession of Virginia, went at once to Richmond and tendered his services to the governor of that state, being by acclamation appointed commander-in- chief of its military and naval forces, with the rank of major-general. He at once set to work to organize and develop the defensive resources of his state and within a month directed the occupation in force of Manassas Junction. Meanwhile Virginia having entered the confederacy and Richmond become the capitol, Lee became one of the foremost of its military officers and was closely connected with Jefferson Davis in planning the moves of that tragic time. Lee participated in many of the hardest fought battles of the war among which were Fair Oaks, White Lake Swamps, Cold Harbor, and the Chickahominy, Ma- nassas, Cedar Run, Antietam, Fredericks- burg, Chancellorsville, Malvern Hill, Get- tysburg, the battles of the Wilderness cam- paign, all the campaigns about Richmond, Petersburg, Five Forks, and others. Lee's surrender at Appomatox brought the war to a close. It is said of General Lee that but few commanders in history have been so quick to detect the purposes of an opponent or so quick to act upon it. Never surpassed, if ever equaled, in the art of winning the passionate, personal love and admiration of his troops, he acquired and held an influ- ence over his army to the very last, founded upon a supreme trust in his judgment, pre- science and skill, coupled with his cool, stable, equable courage. A great writer has said of him: "As regards the proper meas- ure of General Lee's rank among the sol- diers of history, seeing what he wrought with such resources as he had, under all the disadvantages that ever attended his oper- ations, it is impossible to measure what he might have achieved in campaigns and bat- tles with resources at his own disposition equal to those against which he invariably contended." Left at the close of the war without es- tate or profession, he accepted the presi- dency of Washington College at Lexington, Virginia, where he died October 12, 1870. JOHN JAY, first chief-justice of the United States, was born in New York, December 12, 1745. He took up the study of law, graduated from King's College (Columbia College), and was admitted to the bar in 1768. He was chosen a member of the committee of New York citizens to protest against the enforcement by the British government of the Boston Port Bill, was elected to the Continental congress which met in 1774, and was author of the addresses to the people of Great Britian and of Canada adopted by that and the suc- ceeding congress. He was chosen to the provincial assembly of his own state, and 40 COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. resigned from the Continental congress to serve in that body, wrote most of its public papers, including the constitution of the new state, and was then made chief-justice. He was again chosen as a member of the Con- tinental congress in 177S, and became presi- dent of that body. He was sent to Spain as minister in 1780, and his services there resulted in substantial and moral aid for the struggling colonists. Jay, Franklin, and Adams negotiated the treaty of peace with Great Britain in 1782, and Jay was ap- pointed secretary of foreign affairs in 1784, and held the position until the adoption of the Federal constitution. During this time he had contributed strong articles to the "Federalist" in favor of the adoption of the constitution, and was largely instru- mental in securing the ratification of that instrument b}- his state. He was appointed by Washington as first chief-justice of the United States in 1789. In this high capac- ity the great interstate and international questions that arose for immediate settle- ment came before him for treatment. In 1794, at a time when the people in gratitude for the aid that France had ex- tended to us, were clamoring for the privilege of going to the aid of that nation in her struggle with Great Britain and her own op- pressors, John Ji)' was sent to England as special envoy to negotiate a treaty with that power. The instrument known as "Jay's Treaty " was the result, and while in many of its features it favored our nation, yet the neutrality clause in it so angered the masses that it was denounced throughout the entire country, and John Jay was burned in efifigy in the city of New York. The treaty was finally ratified by Washington, and approved, in August, 1795. Having been elected governor of his state for three consecutive terms, he then retired from active life, declining an appointment as chief-justice of the supreme court, made by John Adams and confirmed b}' the senate. He died in New York in 1829. PHILLIP HENRY SHERIDAN was one of the greatest American cavalry generals. He was born March 6, 1831, at Somerset, Perrj- county, Ohio, and was ap- pointed to the United States Military Acad- emy at West Point, from which he graduat- ed and was assigned to the First Infantrj'as brevet second lieutenant July i, 1853. After serving in Texas, on the Pacific coast, in Washington and Oregon territories until the fall of 1 86 1, he was recalled to the states and assigned to the army of south- west Missouri as chief quartermaster from the duties of which he was soon relieved. After the battle of Pea Ridge, he was quar- termaster in the Corinth campaign, and on May 25 he was appointed colonel of the Second Michigan Cavalry. On July i, in command of a cavalry brigade, he defeated a superior force of the enemy and was com- missioned brigadier-general of volunteers. General Sheridan was then transferred to the army of the Ohio, and commanded a division in the battle of Perrvsville and also did good service at the battle of Murfrees- boro, where he was commissioned major- general of volunteers. He fought with great gallantry at Chickamauga, after which Rosecrans was succeeded by General Grant, under whom Sheridan fought the battle of Chattanooga and won additional renown. L'pon the promotion of Grant to lieutenant- general, he applied for the transfer of Gen- eral Sheridan to the east, and appoint d him chief of cavalry in the army of the Potomac. During the campaign of 1 864 the cavalry covered the front and flanks oi the infartrv until Mav 8, when it was wu-.-» COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY drawn and General Sheridan started on a raid against the Confederate Hoes of com- munication with Richmond and on May 25 he rejoined the army, having destroyed con- siderable of the confederate stores and de- feated their cavalry under General Stuart at Yellow Tavern. The outer line of defences around Richmond were taken, but the sec- ond line was too strong to be taken by as- sault, and accordingly Sheridan crossed the Chickahominy at Meadow Bridge, reaching James River May 14, and thence by White House and Hanover Court House back to the army. The cavalry occupied Cold Harbor May 31, which they held until the arrival of the infantry. On General Sheri- dan's ne.xt raid he routed Wade Hampton's cavalry, and August 7 was assigned to the command of the Middle Military division, and during the campaign of the Shenan- doah Valley he performed the unheard of feat of " destroying an entire army." He was appointed brigadier-general of the reg- ular army and for his victory at Cedar Creek he was promoted to the rank of major-gen- eral. General Sheridan started out Febru- ary 27, 1865, with ten thousand cavalry and destroyed the Virginia Central Railroad and the James River Canal and joined the army again at Petersburg March 27. He commanded at the battle of Five Forks, the decisive victory which compelled Lee to evacuate Petersburg. On April 9, Lee tried to break through Sheridan's dismounted command but when the General drew aside his cavalry and disclosed the deep lines of infantry the attempt was abandoned. Gen- eral Sheridan mounted his men and was about to charge when a white flag was flown at the head of Lee's column which betokened the surrender of the army. After the war Gen- eral Sheridan had command of the army of the southwest, of the gulf and the depart- ment of Missouri until he was appointed lieutenant-general and assigned to the di- vision of Missouri with headquarters at Chi- cago, and assumed supreme command of the army November i, 1883, which post he held until his death, August 5, 1888. PHINEAS T. BARNUM, the greatest showman the world has ever seen, was born at Danbury, Connecticut, July 5, 18 10. At the age of eighteen years he began busi- ness on his own account. He opened a re- tail fruit and confectionery house, including a barrel of ale, in one part of an old car- riage house. He spent fifty dollars in fitting up the store and the stock cost him seventy dollars. Three years later he put in a full stock, such as is generally carried in a country store, and the same year he started a Democratic newspaper, known as the "Herald of Freedom." He soon found himself in jail under a sixty days' sentence for libel. During the winter of 1834-5 he went to New York and began soliciting busi- ness for several Chatham street houses. In 1835 he embarked in the show business at Niblo's Garden, having purchased the cele- brated " Joice Heth" for one thousand dol- lars. He afterward engaged the celebrated athlete, Sig. Vivalia, and Barnum made his "first appearance on any stage," acting as a "super" to Sig. Vivalia on his opening night. He became ticket seller, secretary and treasurer of Aaron Turner's circus in 1836 and traveled with it about the country. His next venture was the purchase of a steamboat on the Mississippi, and engaged a theatrical company to show in the princi- pal towns along that river. In 1840 he opened Vaux Hall Garden, New York, with variety performances, and introduced the celebrated jig dancer, John Diamond, to the public. The next year he quit the show 42 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRArHV. business and settled down in New York as agent of Sear's Pictorial Illustration of the Bible, but a few months later again leased Vaux Hall. In September of the same year he again left the business, and became ' ' puff " writer for the Bowery Amphitheater. In December he bought the Scudder Museum, and a year later introduced the celebrated Tom Thumb to the world, taking him to England in 1844, and remaining there three 3'ears. He then returned to New York, and in 1849, through James Hall Wilson, he en- gaged the "Swedish Nightingale," Jenny Lind, to come to this country and make a tour under his management. He also had sent the Swiss Bell Ringers to America in 1844. He became owner of the Baltimore Museum and the Lyceum and Museum at Philadelphia. In 1850 he brought a dozen elephants from Ceylon to make a tour of this country, and in 1851 sent the " Bateman Children" to London. During 1S51 and 1852 he traveled as a temperance lecturer, and became president of a bank at Pequon- nock, Connecticut. In 1852 he started a weekly pictorial paper known as the " Illus- trated News." In 1865 his Museum was destroyed by fire, and he immediately leased the Winter Garden Theatre, where he played his company until he opened his own Museum. This was destroyed by tire in 1868, and he then purchased an interest in the George Wood Museum. After dipping into politics to some ex- tant, he began his career as a really great showman in 1S71. Three years later he erected an immense circular building in New York, in which he produced his panoramas. He has frequently appeared as a lecturer, some times on temperance, and some times on other topics, among which were ' ' Hum- bugs of the World," "Struggles and Triumphs," etc. He was owner of the im- mense menagerie and circus known as the "Greatest Show on Earth," and his fame extended throughout Europe and America. He died in 1891. JAMES MADISON, the fourth president of the United States, 1809-17, was born at Port Conway, Prince George coun- ty, Virginia, March 16, 1751. He was the son of a wealthy planter, who lived on a fine estate called " Montpelier," which was but twenty-five miles from Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson. Mr. Madison was the eldest of a family of seven children, all of whom attained maturity. He received his early education at home under a private tutor, and consecrated himself with unusual vigor to study. At a very early age he was a proficient scholar in Latin, Greek, French and Spanish, and in 1769 he entered Prince- ton College, New Jersey. He graduated ia 1 77 1, but remained for several months after his graduation to pursue a course of study under the guidance of Dr. Witherspoon. He permanently injured his health at this time and returned to Virginia in 1772, and for two years he was immersed in the study of law, and at the same time made extend- ed researches in theology, general literature, and philosophical studies. He then directed his full attention to the impending struggle of the colonies for independence, and also took a prominent part in the religious con- troversy at that time regarding so called persecution of other religious denominations by the Church of England. Mr. Madison was elected to the Virginia assembly in 1776 and in November, 1777, he was chosen a member of the council of state. He took his seat in the continental congress in March, 1780. He was made chairman of the committee on foreign relations, and drafted an able memoranda for the use of COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 43 the American ministers to the French and Spanish governments, that estabHshed the claims of the republic to the territories be- tween the Alleghany Mountains and the Mississippi River. He acted as chairman of the ways and means committee in 1783 and as a member of the Virginia legislature in 1784-86 he rendered important services to the state. Mr. Madison represented Vir- giana in the national constitutional conven- tion at Philadelphia in 1787, and was one of the chief framers of the constitution. He was a member of the first four congresses, 1789-97, and gradually became identified with the anti-federalist or republican party of which he eventually became the leader. He remained in private life during the ad- ministration of John Adams, and was secre- tary of state under President Jefferson. Mr. Madison administered the affairs of that post with such great ability that he was the natural successor of the chief magistrate and was chosen president by an electoral vote of 122 to 53. He was inaugurated March 4, 1809, at that critical period incur history when the feelings of the people were embittered with those of England, and his first term was passed in diplomatic quarrels, which finally resulted in the declaration of war, June 18, 1812. In the autumn of that year President Madison was re-elected by a vote of 128 to 89, and conducted the war for three years with varying success and defeat in Canada, by glorious victories at sea, and by the battle of New Orleans that was fought after the treaty of peace had been signed at Ghent, December 24, 18 14. During this war the national capitol at Washington was burned, and many valuable papers were destroyed, but the declaration of independence was saved to the country by the bravery and courage of Mr. Madi- l son's illustrious wife. A commercial treaty I was negotiated with Great Britain in 181 5, and in April, 18 16, a national bank was in- corporated by congress. Mr. Madison was succeeded, March 4, 1817, by James Monroe, and retired into private life on his estate at Montpelier, where he died June 28, 1836. FREDERICK DOUGLASS, a noted American character, was a protege of the great abolitionist, William Lloyd Garri- son, by whom he was aided in gaining his education. Mr. Douglass was born in Tuck- ahoe county, Maryland, in February, 18 17, his mother being a negro woman and his father a white man. He was born in slav- ery and belonged to a man by the name of Lloyd, under which name he went until he ran away from his master and changed it to Douglass. At the age of ten years he was sent to Baltimore where he learned to read and write, and later his owner allowed him to hire out his own time for three dollars a week in a shipyard. In September, 1838, he fled from Baltimore and made his way to New York, and from thence went to New Bedford, Massachusetts. Here he was mar- ried and supported him.self and family by working at the wharves and in various work- shops. In the summer of 1841 he attended an anti-slavery convention at Nantucket, and made a speech which was so well re- ceived that he was offered the agency of the Massachusetts Anti-slaverj- Society. In this capacity he traveled through the New En- gland states, and about the same time he published his first book called "Narrative of my Experience in Slavery." Mr. Doug- lass went to England in 1845 and lectured on slavery to large and enthusiastic audi- ences in all the large towns of the country, and his friends made up a purse of seven hundred and fifty dollars and purchased his freedom in due form of law. 44 COMPENDICM or BIOGRAPHT. Mr. Douglass applied himself to the de- livery of lyceum lectures after the abolition of slavery, and in 1870 he became the editor of the " New National Era " in Washington. In 1 87 1 he was appointed assistant secretary of the commission to San Domingo and on his return he was appointed one of the ter- ritorial council for the District of Colorado by President Grant. He was elected presi- dential elector-at-large for the state of New York and was appointed to carry the elect- oral vote to Washington. He was also United States marshal for the District of Columbia in 187C, and latei was recorder of deeds for the same, from which position he was removed by President Cleveland in 1886. In the fall of that year he visited England to inform the friends that he had made while there, of the progress of the colored race in America, and on his return he was appointed minister to Hayti, by President Harrison in 1889. His career as a benefactor of his race was closed by his death in February, 1895, near Washington. WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT.— The ear for rhythm and the talent for graceful expression are the gifts of nature, and they were plentifully endowed on the above named poet. The principal charac- teristic of his poetry is the thoughtfulness and intellectual process by which his ideas ripened in his mind, as all his poems are bright, clear and sweet. Mr. Bryant was born November 3, 1794, at Cummington, Hampshire county, Massachusetts, and was educated at Williams College, from which he graduated, having entered it in 18 10. He took up the study of law, and in 18 15 was admitted to the bar, but after practicing successfully for ten years at Plainfield and Great Barrington, he removed to New York in 1825. The following year he became the editor of the "Evening Post," which he edited until his death, and under his di- rection this paper maintained, through a long series of years, a high standing by the boldness of its protests against slavery be- fore the war, by its vigorous support of the government during the war, and by the fidelity and ability of its advocacy of the Democratic freedom in trade. Mr. Bry- ant visited Europe in 1834, 1845, 1849 and 1857, and presented to the literary world the fruit of his travels in the series of "Let- ters of a Traveler," and "Letters from Spain and Other Countries." In the world of literature he is known chiefly as a poet, and here Mr. Bryant's name is illustrious, both at home and abroad. He contributed verses to the "Country Gazette " before he was ten years of age, and at the age of nine- teen he wrote " Thanatopsis, " the most im- pressive and widely known of his poems. The later outgrowth of his genius was his translation of Homer's "Iliad" in 1870 and the "Odyssey" in 1871. He also made several speeches and addresses which have been collected in a comprehensive vol- ume called " Orations and Addresses." He was honored in many ways by his fellow citizens, who delighted to pay tributes of respect to his literary eminence, the breadth of his public spirit, the faithfulness of his service, and the worth of his private char- acter. Mr. Bryant died in New York City June 12. 1878. WILLIAM HENRY SEWARD, the secretary of state during one of tlie most critical times in the history of our country, and the right hand man of Presi- dent Lincoln, ranks among the greatest statesmen America has produced. Mr. Seward was born May 16, 1 801, at Florida, Orange county. New York, and with such COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 47 facilities as the place afforded he fitted him- self for a colleo;e course. He attended Union College at Schenectady, New York, at the age of fifteen, and took his degree in the regular course, with signs of promise in 1820, after which he diligently addressed himself to the study of law under competent instructors, and started in the practice of his profession in 1823. Mr. Seward entered the political arena and in 1828 we find him presiding over a convention in New York, its purpose being the nomination of John Quincy Adams for a second term. He was married in 1824 and in 1830 was elected to the state senate. From 1838 to 1842 he was governor of the state of New York. Mr. Seward's next im- portant position was that of United States senator from New York. W. H. Seward was chosen by President Lincoln to fill the important office of the secretary of state, and by his firmness and diplomacy in the face of difficulties, he aided in piloting the Union through that period of strife, and won an everlasting fame. This great statesman died at Auburn, New York, October 10, 1872, in the seventy-second year of his eventful life. JOSEPH JEFFERSON, a name as dear as it is familiar to the theater-going world in America, suggests first of all a fun- loving, drink-loving, mellow voiced, good- natured Dutchman, and the name of "Rip Van Winkle " suggests the pleasant features of Joe Jefferson, so intimately are play and player associated in the minds of those who have had the good fortune to shed tears of laughter and sympathy as a tribute to the greatness of his art. Joseph Jefferson was born in Philadelphia, February 20, 1829. His genius was an inheritance, if there be such, as his great-grandfather, Thomas 3 Jefferson, was a manager and actor in Eng land. His grandfather, Joseph Jefferson, was the most popular comedian of the New York stage in his time, and his father, Jos- eph Jefferson, the second, was a good actor also, but the third Joseph Jefferson out- shone them all. At the age of three years Joseph Jeffer- son came on the stage as the child in "Pi- zarro," and his training was upon the stage from childhood. Later on he lived and acted in Chicago, Mobile, and Texas. After repeated misfortunes he returned to New Orleans from Texas, and his brother-in-law, Charles Burke, gave him money to reach Philadelphia, where he joined the Burton theater company. Here his genius soon as- serted itself, and his future became promis- ing and brilliant. His engagements through- out the United States and Australia were generally successful, and when he went to England in 1865 Mr. Boucicault consented to make some important changes in his dramatization of Irving's story of Rip Van Winkle, and Mr. Jefferson at once placed it in the front rank as a comedy. He made a fortune out of it, and played nothing else for many years. In later years, however, Mr. Jefferson acquitted himself of the charge of being a one-part actor, and the parts of "Bob Acres," "Caleb Plummer" and "Golightly " all testify to the versatility of his genius. GEORGE BRINTON McCLELLAN, a noted American general, was born in Philadelphia, December 3, 1826. He graduated from the University of Pennsyl- vania, and in 1S46 from West Point, and was breveted second lieutenant of engineers. He was with Scott in the Mexican war, taking part in all the engagements from Vera Cruz to the final capture of the Mexi- 4d COMPEXDICM OF BIOGRAPHY. can capital, and was breveted first lieuten- ant and captain for gallantry displayed on various occasions. In 1857 he resigned his commission and accepted the position of chief engineer in the construction of the Illinois Central Railroad, and became presi- dent of the St. Louis & Cincinnati Railroad Company. He was commissioned major- general by the state of Ohio in 1861, placed in command of the department of the Ohio, and organized the first volunteers called for from that state. In May he %vas appointed major-general in the United States army, and ordered to disperse the confederates overrunning West Virginia. He accomplished this task promptly, and received the thanks of congress. After the first disaster at Bull Run he was placed in command of the department of Wash- ington, and a few weeks later of the Army of the Potomac. Upon retirement of General Scott the command of the en- tire United States armj- devolved upon Mc- Clellan, but he was relieved of it within a few months. In March, 1862. after elabor- ate preparation, he moved upon Manassas, only to find it deserted by the Confederate army, which had been withdrawn to im- pregnable defenses prepared nearer Rich- mond. He then embarked his armies for Fortress Monroe and after a long delay at Yorktown, began the disastrous Peninsular campaign, which resulted in the Army of the Potomac being cooped up on the James River below Richmond. His forces were then called to the support of General Pope, near Washington, and he was left without an army. After Popes defeat McClellan was placed in command of the troops for the de- fense of the capital, and after a thorough or- ganization he followed Lee into Marjland and the battles of Antietam and South Moun- tain ensued. The delav which followed caused general dissatisfaction, and he %va3 re- lieved of his command. and retired from active service. In 1S64 McClellan was nominated for the presidency by the Democrats, and over- whelmingly defeated "by Lincoln, three states only casting their electoral votes for McClellan. On election day he resigned his commission and a few months later went to Europe where he spent several years. He wTote a number of militarj- text- books and reports. His death occurred October 29, 1885. SAMUEL J. TILDEX.— Among the great statesmen whose names adorn the pages of American history may be found that of the subject of this sketch. Known as a lawyer of highest ability, his greatest claim to immortalit}- will ever lie in his successful battle against the corrupt rings of his native state and the elevation of the standard of official life. Samuel J. Tilden was bom in New Leb- anon, New York, Februarj' 9. 18 14. He pursued his academic studies at Yale Col- lege and the University of New York, tak- ing the course of law at the latter. He was admitted to the bjir in 1841. His rare ability as a thinker and writer upon public topics attracted the attention of President Van Buren. of whose policy and adminis- tration he became an active and efficient champion. He made for himself a high place in his profession and amassed quite a fortune as the result of his industry" and judgment. During the days of his greatest professional labor he was ever one of the leaders and trusted counsellors of the Demo- cratic party. He was a member of the conventions to revise the state constitution, both in 1846 and 1867, and served two terms in the lower branch of the state leg- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 49 islature. He was one of the controlling spirits in the overthrow of the notorious "Tweed rins,' " and the reformation of the government of the city of New York. In 1874 he was elected governor of the state of New York. While in this position he assailed corruption in high places, success- fully battling with the iniquitous "canal ring " and crushed its sway over all depart- ments of the government. Recognizing his character and executive ability Mr. Tilden was nominated for president by the na- tional Democratic convention in 1876. At the election he received a much larger popu- lar vote than his opponent, and i 84 uncon- tested electoral votes. There being some electoral votes contested, a commission ap- pointed by congress decided in favor of the Republican electors and Mr. Hayes, the can- didate of that party was declared elected. In 1880, the Democratic party, feeling that Mr. Tilden had been lawfully elected to the presidency tendered the nomination for the same office to Mr. Tilden, but he declined, retiring from all public functions, owing to failing health. He died August 4, 1886. By will he bequeathed several millions of dollars toward the founding of public libra- ries in New York City, Yonkers, etc. NOAH WEBSTER.— As a scholar, law- yer, author and journalist, there is no one who stands on a higher plane, or whose reputation is better established than the honored gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He was a native of West Hartford, Connecticut, and was born October 17, 1758. He came of an old New England family, his mother being a descendant of Governor William Bradford, of the Ply- mouth colony. After acquiring a solid edu- cation in early life Dr. Webster entered Yale College, from which he graduated in 1778. For a while he taught school in Hartford, at the same time studying law, and was admitted to the bar in 1781. He taught a classical school at Goshen, Orange county. New York, in 1782-83, and while there prepared his spelling book, grammar and reader, which was issued under the title of "A Grammatical Institute of the English Language," in three parts, — so successful a work that up to 1876 something like forty million of the spelling books had been sold. In 1786 he delivered a course of lec- tures on the English language in the seaboard cities and the following year taught an academy at Philadelphia. From December 17. 1787. until November, 1788, he edited the "American Magazine, "a periodical that proved unsuccessful. In 1789-93 he prac- ticed law in Hartford having in the former year married the daughter of William Green- leaf, of Boston. He returned to New York and November, 1793, founded a daily paper, the "Minerva," to which was soon added a semi-weekly edition under the name of the " Herald. " The former is still in existence under the name of the " Commercial Adver- tiser . " In this paper, over the signature of ' ' Curtius , " he published a lengthy and schol- arly defense of "John Jay's treaty." In 1798, Dr. Webster moved to New Haven and in 1807 commenced the prepar- ation of his great work, the "American Dic- tionary of the English Language," which was not completed and published until 1828. He made his home in Amherst, Massachu- setts, for the ten years succeeding 18 12, and was instrumental in the establishment of Amherst College, of which institution he was the first president of the board of trustees. During 1824-5 he resided in Europe, pursu- ing his philological studies in Paris. He completed his dictionary from the libraries of Cambridge University in 1S25, and de- 50 COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. voted his leisure for the remainder of his life to the revision of that and his school books. Dr. Webster was a member of the legis- latures of both Connecticut and ^fassachu- setts, was judge of one of the courts of the former state and was identified with nearly all the literarj' and scientific societies in the neighborhood of Amherst College. He died in New Haven, May 28, 1843. Among the more prominent works ema- nating from the fecund pen of Dr. Noah Webster besides those mentioned above are the following: "Sketches of American Policy," " Winthrop's Journal," " A Brief History of Epidemics," "Rights of Neutral Nations in time of \\'ar," "A Philosophical and Practical Grammar of the English Lan- guage," "Dissertations on the English Language , " "A Collection of Essays , " "The Revolution in France," "Political Progress of Britain," "Origin, History, and Connection of the Languages of Western Asia and of Europe ," and many others. w ILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON, the great anti-slavery pioneer and leader, was born in Newburj'port, Massachusetts, December 12, 1804. He was apprenticed to the printing business, and in 1S28 was in- duced to take charge of the "Journal of the Times" at Bennington, Vermont. While supportmg John Ouincy Adams for the presi- dency he took occasion in that paper to give expression of his views on slavery. These articles attracted notice, and a Quaker named Lundy, editor of the "Genius of Emancipation," published in Baltimore, in- duced him to enter a partnership with him for the conduct of his paper. It soon transpired that the views of the partners were not in harmonj-, Lundy favoring grad- ual emancipation, while Garrison favored immediate freedom. In 1850 Mr. Garrison was thrown into prison for libel, not being able to pay a fine of fifty dollars and costs. In his cell he wrote a number of poems which stirred the entire north, and a mer- chant, Mr. Tappan, of New York, paid his fine and liberated him, after seven weeks of confinement. He at once began a lecture tour of the northern cities, denouncing slaver\' as a sin before God, and demanding its immediate abolition in the name of re- ligion and humanity. He opposed the col- onization scheme of President Monroe and other leaders, and declared the right of every slave to immediate freedom. In 1 83 1 he formed a partnership with Isaac Knapp, and began the publication of the "Liberator" at Boston. The " imme- diate abolition " idea began to gather power in the north, while the south became alarmed at the bold utterance of this jour- nal. The mayor of Boston was besought by southern influence to interfere, and upon investigation, reported upon the insignifi- cance, obscurity, and poverty of tha editor and his staff, which report was widely published throughout the country. Re- wards were offered by the southern states for his arrest and conviction. Later Garri- son brought from England, where an eman- cipation measure had just been passed, some of the great advocates to work for the cause in this country. In 1835 a mob broke into his office, broke up a meeting of women, dragged Garrison through the street with a rope around his body, and his liie was saved only by the interference of the police, who lodged him in jail. Garrison declined to sit in the World's Anti-Slaverv convention at London in 1840, because that body had refused women represenia- tion. He opposed the formation of a prj- litical party with emancipation as its basis. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 51 He favored a dissolution of the union, and declared the constitution which bound the free states to the slave states " A covenant with death and an agreement with hell." In 1843 he became president of the Amer- ican Anti-Slavery society, which position he held until 1865, when slavery was no more. During all this time the •' Liberator" had continued to promulgate anti-slavery doc- trines, but in 1865 Garrison resigned his position, and declared his work was com- pleted. He died May 24, 1879. JOHN BROWN ("Brown of Ossawato- mie"), a noted character in American history, wasbornatTorrington, Connecticut, May 9, 1800. In his childhood he removed to Ohio, where he learned the tanner's trade. He married there, and in 1855 set- tled in Kansas. He lived at the village of Ossawatomie in that state, and there began his fight against slavery. He advocated im- mediate emancipation, and held that the negroes of the slave states merely waited for a leader in an insurrection that would re- sult in their freedom. He attended the convention called at Chatham, Canada, in 1859, and was the leading spirit in organiz- ing a raid upon the United States arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia. His plans were well laid, and carried out in great secrecy. He ren*^ed a farm house near Harper's Ferry in the summer of 1859, and on October i6th of that year, with about twenty follow- ers, he surprised and captured the United States arsenal, with all its supplies and arms. To his surprise, the negroes did not come to his support, and the next day he was attacked by the Virginia state militia, wounded and captured. He was tried in the courts of the state, convicted, and was hanged at Charlestown, December 2, 1859. The raid and its results had a tremendous effect, and hastened the culmination of the troubles between the north and south. The south had the advantage in discussing this event, claiming that the sentiment which inspired this act of violence was shared by the anti-slavery element of the country. EDWIN BOOTH had no peer upon the American stage during his long career as a star actor. He was the son of a famous actor, Junius Brutus Booth, and was born in 1833 at his father's home at Belair, near Baltimore. At the age of sixteen he made his first appearance on the stage, at the Boston Museum, in a minor part in " Richard III." It was while playing in California in 185 1 that an eminent critic called general atten- tion to the young actor's unusual talent. However, it was not until 1863, at the great Shakspearian revival at the Winter Garden Theatre, New York, that the brilliancy Oi his career began. His Hamlet held the boards for 100 nights in succession, and from that time forth Booth's reputation was established. In 1868 he opened his own theatre (Booth's Theater) in New York. Mr. Booth never succeeded as a manager, however, but as an actor he was undoubted- ly the most popular man on the American stage, and perhaps the most eminent one in the world. In England he also won the greatest applause. Mr. Booth's work was confined mostly to Shakspearean roles, and his art was characterized by intellectual acuteness, fervor, and poetic feeling. His Hamlet, Richard II, Richard III, and Richelieu gave play to his greatest powers. In 1865, when his brother, John Wilkes Booth, enacted his great crime, Edwin Booth re- solved to retire from the stage, but waspur- suaded to reconsider that decision. The odium did not in any way attach to the 52 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPNl'. great actor, and his popularity was not affected. In all his work Mr. Booth clung closely to the legitimate and the traditional in drama, making no experiments, and offer- ing little encouragement to new dramatic authors. His death occurred in New York, June 7, 1894. JOSEPH HOOKER, a noted American officer, was born at Hadley, Massachu- setts. November 13, 1814. He graduated from West Point Military Academy in 1837, and was appointed lieutenant of artillery. He served in Florida in the Seminole war, and in garrison until the outbreak of the Mexican war. During the latter he saw service as a staff officer and was breveted captain, major and lieutenant-colonel for gallantry at Montere}', National Bridge and Chapultepec. Resigning his commission in 1833 he took up farming in California, which he followed until 1861. During this time he acted as superintendent of military roads in Oregon. At the outbreak of the Rebel- lion Hooker tendered his services to the government, and. May 17, 1861, was ap- pointed brigadier-general of volunteers. He served in the defence of Washington and on the lower Potomac until his appointment to the command of a division in the Third Corps, in March, 1862. For gallant con- duct at the siege of Yorktown and in the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Fra- zier's Farm and Malvern Hill he was made major-general. At the head of his division he participated in the battles of Manassas and Chantilly. September 6. 1862, he was placed at the head of the First Corps, and in the battles of South Mountam and An- tietam acted with his usual gallantry, being wounded m the latter engagement. On re- joining the army in November he was made brigadier-general in the regular army. On General Burnside attaining the command of the Army of the Potomac General Hooker was placed in command of the center grand division, consisting of the Second and Fifth Corps. At the head of these gallant men he participated in the battle of Fred- ericksburg, December 13, 1862. In Janu- ary', 1863, General Hooker assumed com- mand of the Army of the Potomac, and in May following fought the battle of Chan- cellorsville. At the time of the invasion of Penns\lvania, owing to a dispute with Gen- eral Halleck, Hooker requested to be re- lieved of his command, and June 28 was succeeded hy George G. Meade. In Sep- tember, 1863, General Hooker was given command of the Twentieth Corps and trans- ferred to the Army of the Cumberland, and distinguished himself at the battles of Look- out Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and Ring- gold. In the Atlanta campaign he saw almost daily service and merited his well- known nickname of "Fighting Joe." July 30, 1S64, at his own request, he was re- lieved of his command. He subsequently was in command of several military depart- ments in the north, and in October, 1868, was retired with the full rank of major-gen- eral. He died October 31, 1879. JAY GOULD, one of the greatest finan- ciers that the world has ever produced, was born May 27, 1S36, at Roxbury, Dela- ware county. New York. He spent his early years on his father's farm and at the age of fourteen entered Hobart Academy. New Y''ork, and kept books for the village black- smith. He acquired a taste for mathematics and surveying and on leaving school found employment in making the surveyor's map of Ulster county. He surveyed \exy exten- sively in the state and accumulated five thou- sand dollars as the fruits of his labor. He COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRArHT. 5S was then stricken with typhoid fever but re- covered and m-iae the acquaintance of one iiadock Pratt, who sent him into the west- ern part of the state to locate a site for a tannery. He chose a fine hemlock grove, biiiit a sawmill and blacksmith shop and was soon doing a large lumber business with Mr. Pratt. Mr. Gould soon secured control of the entire plant, which he sold out just before the panic of 1857 and in this year he became the largest stockholderin the Strouds- burg, Pennsylvania, bank. Shortly after the crisis he bought the bonds of the Rutland & Washington Railroad at ten cents on the dollar, and put all his money into railroad securities. For a long time he conducted this road which he consolidated with the Rensselaer & Saratoga Railroad. In 1S59 he removed to New York and became a heavy investor in Erie Railroad stocks, en- tered that company and was president until its reorganization in 1872. In December, 1880, Mr. Gould was in control of ten thou- sand miles of railroad. In 1S87 he pur- chased the controlling interest in the St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad Co., and was a joint owner with the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Co. of the western portion of the Southern Pacific line. Other lines soon came under his control, aggregat- ing thousand of miles, and he soon was rec- ognized as one of the world's greatest rail- road magnates. He continued to hold his place as one of the master financiers of the century until the time of his death which occurred December 2, 1892. THOMAS HART BENTON, a very prominent United States senator and statesman, was born at Hillsborough, North Carolina, March 14, 1782. He removed to Tennessee in early life, studied law, and be- gan to practice at Nashville about 18 10. During the war of 1812-1815 he served as colonel of a Tennessee regiment under Gen- eral Andrew Jackson. In 1815 he removed to St. Louis, Missouri, and in 1820 was chosen United States senator for that state. Having been re-elected in 1826, he sup- ported President Jackson in his opposition to the United States bank and advocated a gold and silver currency, thus gaining the name of " Old Bullion," by which he was familiarly known. For m.any years he was the most prominent man in Missouri, and took rank among the greatest statesmen of his day. He was a member of the senate for thirty years and opposed the extreme states' rights policy of John C. Calhoun. In 1852 he was elected to the house of rep- resentatives in which he opposed the repeal of the Missouri compromise. He was op- posed by a powerful party of States' Rights Democrats in Missouri, who defeated him as a candidate for governor of that state in 1856. Colonel Benton published a considerable work in two volumes in 1854-56, entitled " Thirty Years' View, or a History of the Working of the American Government for Thirty Years, 1820-50." He died April 10, 1858. STEPHEN ARNOLD DOUGLAS.— One of the most prominent figures in politic- al circles during the intensely e.xciting days that preceded the war, and a leader of the Union branch of the Democratic party was the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He was born at Brandon, Rutland coun- ty, Vermont, April 23, 1813, of poor but respectable parentage. His father, a prac- ticing physician, died while our subject was but an infant, and his mother, with two small children and but small means, could give him but the rudiments of an education. •54 COMPENDIUM OF BI0GRAPH2' At the age of fifteen young Douglas engaged at work in the cabinet making business to raise funds to carry him througti college. After a lew years of labor he was enabled to pursue an academical course, first at Bran- don, and later at Canandaigua, New York. In the latter place he remained until 1833, taking up the study of law. Before he was twenty, however, his lunas running low, he abandoned all further attempts at educa- tion, determining to enter at once the battle of life. After some wanderings inrough the western states he tooK up his residence at Jacksonville, Illinois, where, after teaching school for three months, he was admitted to the bar, and opened an office in 1834. Within a year from that time, so rapidly had he risen in his profession, he was chosen attorney general of the state, and warmly espoused the principles of the Democratic party. He soon became one of the most /popular orators in Illinois. It was at this time he gained the name of the "Little ■Giant." In 1835 he resigned the position of attorney general having been elected to ihe legislature. In 1841 he was chosen judge of the supreme court of Illinois which he resigned two years later to take a seat in congress. It was during this period of his life, while a member of the lower house, that he established his reputation and took the side of those who contended that con- gress had no constitutional right to restrict the extension of slavery further than the agreement between the states made in 1820. This, in spite of his being opposed to slav- ery, and only on grounds which he believed to be right, favored what was called the Missouri compromise. In 1847 Mr. Doug- las was chosen United States senator for six years, and greatly distinguished himself. In 1852 he was re-elected to the same office. During this latter term, under his leader- ship, the " Kansas-Nebraska bill " was car- ried in the senate. In 1858, nothwith- standing the fierce contest made by his able competitor for the position, Abraham Lin- coln, and with the administration of Bu- chanan arrayed against him, Mr. Douglas was re-elected senator. After the trouble in the Charleston convention, when by the withdrawal of several state delegates with- out a nomination, the Union Democrats, in convention at Baltimore, in i860, nomi- nated Mr. Douglas as their candidate for presidency. The results of this election are well known and the great events of 1861 coming on, Mr. Douglas was spared their full development, dying at Chicago, Illinois. June 3, 1 861, after a short illness. His last words to his children were, ' ' to obey the laws and support the constitution of the United States." JAMES MONROE, fifth president of the United States, was born in Westmore- land county, Virginia, April 28, 1758. At the age of sixteen he entered William and Mary College, but two years later the Declaration of Independence having been adopted, he left college and hastened to New York where he joined Washington's army as a military cadet. At the battle of Trenton Monroe per- formed gallant service and received a wound in the shoulder, and was promoted to a captaincy. He acted as aide to Lord Ster- ling at the battles of Brandywine, German-- town and Monmouth. Washington then sent him to Virginia to raise a new regiment of which he was to be colonel. The ex hausted condition of Virginia made this im possible, but he received his commission He next entered the law office of Thonia Jefferson to study law, as there was no open I ing for him as an officer in the army. In COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPNT. 55 1782 he was elected to the Virginia assem- bly, and the next year he was elected to the Continental congress. Realizing the inade- quacy of the old articles of confederation, he advocated the calling of a convention to consider their revision, and introduced in •congress a resolution empowering congress to regulate trade, lay import duties, etc. This resolution was referred to a committee, of which he was chairman, and the report led to the Annapolis convention, which called a general convention to meet at Phila- delphia in 1787, when the constitution was drafted. Mr. Monroe began the practice of law at Fredericksburg, Virginia, and was soon after elected to the legislature, and ap- pointed as one of the committee to pass upon the adoption of the constitution. He opposed it, as giving too much power to the central government. He was elected to the United States senate in 1789, where he allied himself with the Anti-Federalists or "Republicans," as they were sometimes called. Although his views as to neutrality between France and England were directly opposed to those of the president, yet Wash- ington appointed him minister to France. His popularity in France was so great that the antagonism of England and her friends in this country brought about his recall. He then became governor of Virginia. He was sent as envoy to France in 1802; minister to England in 1803; and envoy to Spam in 1805. The next year he returned to his estate in Virginia, and with an ample in- heritance enjoyed a few years of repose. He was again called to be governor of Virginia, and was then appointed secretary of state by President Madison. The war with Eng- land soon resulted, and when the capital was burned by the British, Mr. Monroe be- came secretary of war also, and planned the measures for the defense of New Orleans. The treasury being exhausted and credit gone, he pledged his own estate, and thereby made possible the victory of Jackson at New Orleans. In 1 8 17 Mr. Monroe became president of the United States, having been a candi- date of the "Republican" party, which at that time had begun to be called the ' ' Demo- cratic " party. In 1820 he was re-elected, having two hundred and thirty-one electoral votes out of two hundred and thirty-two. His administration is known as the "Era of good-feeling, " and party lines were almost wiped out. The slavery question began to assume importance at this time, and the Missouri Compromise was passed. The famous ' ' Monroe Doctrine " originated in a great state paper of President Monroe upon the rumored interference of the Holy Alli- ance to prevent the formation of free repub- lics in South America. President Monroe acknowledged their independence, and pro- mulgated his great "Doctrine," which has been held in reverence since. Mr. Monroe's death occurred in New York on July 4, 1831. THOMAS ALVA EDISON, the master wizard of electrical science and whose name is synonymous with the subjugation of electricity to the service of man, was born in 1847 at Milan, Ohio, and it was at Port Huron, Michigan, whither his parents had moved in 1854, that his self-education began — for he never attended school for more than two months. He eagerly de- voured every book he could lay his hands on and is said to have read through an encyclo- pedia without missing a word. At thirteen he began his working life as a trainboy upon the Grand Trunk Railway between Port Huron and Detroit. Much of his time was now spent in Detroit, where he found increased facilities for reading at the public libraries. 56 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. lit; was not content to be a newsboy, so he Ci'C ciigetner three hundred pounds of type ana stirted the issue of the " Grand Trunk Herald." It was only a small amateur weekly, printed on one side, the impression being made from the type by hand. Chemi- cal research was his next undertaking and a laboratory was added to his movable pub- lishing house, which, by the way, was an old freight car. One day, however, as he was experimenting with some phosphorus, it ignited and the irate conductor threw the young seeker after the truth, chemicals and all, from the train. His olSce and laboratory were then removed to the cellar of his fa- ther's house. As he grew to manhood he decided to become an operator. He won his opportunity by saving the life of a child, vvhose father was an old operator, and out of gratitude he gave Mr. Edison lessons in teleg- raphy. Five months later he was compe- tent to fill a position in the railroad office at Port Huron. Hence he peregrinated to Stratford, Ontario, and thence successively to Adrian, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Cin- cmnati, Memphis, Louisville and Boston, gradually becoming an expert operator and gaming experience that enabled him to evolve many ingenious ideas for the im- provement of telegraphic appliances. At Memphis he constructed an automatic re- peater, which enabled Louisville and New Orleans to communicate direct, and received nothing more than the thanks of his em- ployers. Mr. Edison came to New York in 1870 in search of an opening more suitable to his capabilities and ambitions. He hap- pened to be in the office of the Laws Gold Reporting Company when one of the in- struments got out of order, and even the inventor of the system could not make it work. Edison requested to be allowed to attempt the task, and in a few minutes he had overcome the difficulty and secured an advantageous engagement. For several jears he had a contract with the Western Union and the Gold Stock companies, whereby he received a large salary, besides a special price for all telegraphic improve- ments he could suggest. Later, as the head of the Edison General Electric com- pany, with its numerous subordinate organ- izations and connections all over the civil- ized world, he became several times a millionaire. Mr. Edison invented the pho- nograph and kinetograph which bear his name, the carbon telephone, the tasimeter, and the duplex and quadruplex systems of telegraphy. JAMES LONGSTREET, one of the most conspicuous of the Confederate generals during the Civil war, was born in 1820, in South Carolina, but was early taken by his parents to Alabama where he grew to man- hood and received his early education. He graduated at the United States military academy in 1842, entering the army as lieutenant and spent a few years in the fron- tier service. When the Mexican war broke out he was called to the front and partici- pated in all the principal battles of that war up to the storming of Chapultepec, where he received severe wounds. For gallant conduct at Contreras, Cherubusco, and Mo- lino del Rey he received the brevets of cap- tain and major. After the close of the Mexican war Longstreet served as adjutant and captain on frontier service in Texas un- til 1S58 when he was transferred to the staff as paymaster with rank of major. In June, 1 86 1, he resigned to join the Confederacy and immediately went to the front, com- manding a brigade at Bull Run the follow- ing month. Promoted to be major-general in 1862 he thereafter bore a conspicuous COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. o< part and rendered valuable service to the Confederate cause. He participated in many of tfie most severe battles of the Civil war including Bull Run (first and second), Seven Pines, Gaine&' Mill, Fraziers Farm, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Frederickburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Wilderness, Petersburg and most of the fighting about Richmond. When the war closed General Long- street accepted the result, renewed his alle- giance to the government, and thereafter labored earnestly to obliterate all traces of war and promote an era of good feeling be- tween all sections of the country. He took up his residence in New Orleans, and took an active interest and prominent part in public affairs, served as surveyor of that port for several years; was commissioner of engineers for Louisiana, served four years as school commissioner, etc. In 1S75 he was appointed supervisor of internal revenue and settled in Georgia. After that time he served four years as United States minister to Turkey, and also for a number of years was United States marshal of Georgia, be- sides having held other important official positions. JOHN RUTLEDGE, the second chief- justice of the United States, was born at Charleston, South Carolina, in 1739. He was a son of John Rutledge, who had left Ireland for America about five years prior to the birth of our subject, and a brother of Edward Rutledge, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. John Rut- ledge received his legal education at the Temple, London, after which he returned to Charleston and soon won distinction at the bar. He was elected to the old Colonial congress in 1765 to protest against the " Stamp Act, " and was a member of the South Carolina convention of 1774, and of the Continental congress of that and the succeeding year. In 1776 he was chairman of the committee that draughted the con- stitution of his state, and was president of the congress of that state. He was not pleased with the state constitution, how- ever, and resigned. In 1779 he was again chosen governor of the state, and granted extraordinary powers, and he at once took the field to repel the British. He joined the army of General Gates in 1782, and the same year was elected to congress. He was a member of the constitutional con- vention which framed our present constitu- tion. In 1789 he was appointed an associate justice of the first supreme court of the United States. He resigned to accept the position of chief-justice of his own state. Upon the resignation of Judge Jay^ he was appointed chief-justice of the United States in 1795. The appointment was never con- firmed, for, after presiding at one session, his mind became deranged, and he was suc- ceeded by Judge Ellsworth. He died at Charleston, July 23, 1800. RALPH WALDO EMERSON was one of the most noted literary men of his time. He was born in Boston, Massachu- setts, May 25, 1803. He had a minister for an ancestor, either on the paternal or ma- ternal side, in every generation for eight generations back. His father. Rev. Will- iam Emerson, was a native of Concord, Massachusetts, born May 6, 1769, graduated at Harvard, in 17S9, became a Unitarian minister; was a fine writer and one of the best orators of his day; died in 181 1. Ralph Waldo Emerson was fitted for college at the public schools of Boston, and graduated at Harvard College in 1821, win- ning about this time several prizes for es- 58 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. says. For five years he taught school in Boston; in 1826 was licensed to preach, and in 1829 was ordained as a colleague to Rev. Henry Ware of the Second Unitarian church in Boston. In 1S32 he resigned, making the announcement in a sermon of his un- evillingness longer to administer the rite of ihe Lord's Supper, after which he spent about a year in Europe. Upon his return he began his career as a lecturer before the Boston Mechanics Institute, his subject be- ing "Water." His early lectures on " Italy" and " Relation of Man to the Globe " also attracted considerable attention; as did also his biographical lectures on Michael Angelo, Milton, Luther, George Fox, and Edmund Burke. After that time he gave many courses of lectures in Boston and became one of the best known lecturers in America. But very few men have rendered such con- tinued service in this field. He lectured for forty successive seasons before the Salem, Massachusetts, Lyceum and also made re- peated lecturing tours in this country and in England. In 1S35 Mr. Emerson took up his residence at Concord, Massachusetts, where he continued to make his home until his death which occurred April 27, 1882. Mr. Emerson's literary work covered a wide scope. He wrote and published many works, essays and poems, which rank high among the works of American literary men. A few of the many which he produced are the following: "Nature;" "The Method of Nature;" "Man Thinking;" "The Dial;" "Essays;" "Poems;" "English Traits;" "The Conduct of Life;" "May-Day and other Poems " and " Society and Solitude;" besides many others. He was a prominent member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, of the American Philosophical Society, the Massachusetts Historical Society and other kindred associations. ALEXANDER T. STEWART, one of the famous merchant princes of New York, was born near the city of Belfast, Ire- land, in 1803, and before he was eight years of age was left an orphan without any near relatives, save an aged grandfather. The grandfather being a pious Methodist wanted to make a minister of young Stewart, and accordingly put him in a school with that end in view and he graduated at Trinity Col- lege, in Dublin. When scarcely twenty years of age he came to New York. His first employment was that of a teacher, but accident soon made him a merchant. En- tering into business relations with an ex- perienced man of his acquaintance he soon found himself with the rent of a store on his hands and alone in a' new enterprise. Mr. Stewart's business grew rapidly in all directions, but its founder had executive ability sufficient for any and all emergencies, and in time his house became one of the greatest mercantile establishments of mod- ern times, and the name of Stewart famous. Mr. Stewart's death occurred April 10, 1876. JAMES FENIMORE COOPER. — In speaking of this noted American nov- elist, William Cullen Bryant said: " He wrote for mankind at large, hence it is that he has earned a fame wider than any Amer- ican author of modern times. The crea- tions of his genius shall survive through centuries to come, and only perish with our language." Another eminent writer (Pres- cott) said of Cooper: " In his productions every American must take an honest pride; for surely no one has succeeded like Cooper in the portraiture of American character, or has given such glowing and eminently truth- ful pictures of American scenery." James Fenimore Cooper was born Sep- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 59 tember 15, 1789, at Burlington, New Jer- sey, and was a son of Judge William Cooper. About a year after the birth of our subject the family removed to Otsego county. New York, and founded the town called " Coop- erstown." James Fenimore Cooper spent his childhood there and in 1802 entered Yale College, and four years later became a midshipman in the United States navy. In 181 1 he was married, quit the seafaring life, and began devoting more or less time to lit- erary pursuits. His first work was "Pre- caution," a novel published in 1819, and three years later he produced "The Spy, a Tale of Neutral Ground," which met with great favor and was a universal success. This was followed by many other works, among which may be mentioned the follow- ing: ' ' The Pioneers, " ' ' The Pilot, " ' ' Last of the Mohicans," "The Prairie," "The Red Rover," "The Manikins," "Home- ward Bound," "Home as Found," " History of the United States Navy," "The Path- finder," "Wing and Wing," "Afloat and Ashore," "The Chain-Bearer," "Oak- Openings," etc. J. Fenimore Cooper died at Cooperstown, New York, September 14, 1851. M' ARSHALL FIELD, one of the mer- chant princes of America, ranks among the most successful business men of the cen- tury. He was born in 1835 at Conway, Massachusetts. He spent his early life on a farm and secured a fair education in the common schools, supplementing this with a course at the Conway Academ}^ His natural bent ran in the channels of commer- cial life, and at the age of seventeen he was given a position in a store at Pittsfie'.d, Massachusetts. Mr. Field remained there four years and removed to Chicago in 1856. He began his career in Chicago as a clerk in the wholesale dry goods house of Cooley, Wadsworth & Company, which later be- came Cooley, Farwell & Company, and still later John V. Farwell & Company. He remained with them four years and exhibit- ed marked ability, in recognition of which he was given a partnership. In 1865 Mr. Field and L. Z. Leiter, who was also a member of the firm, withdrew and formed the firm of Field, Palmer & Leiter, the third partner being Potter Palmer, and they continued in business until 1S67, when Mr. Palmer retired and the firm became Field, Leiter & Company. They ran under the latter 'name until 1881, when Mr. Leiter re- tired and the house has since continued un- der the name of Marshall Field & Company. The phenomenal success accredited to the house is largely due to the marked ability of Mr. Field, the house had become one of the foremost in the west, with an annual sale of $8,000,000 in 1870. The total loss of the firm during the Chicago fire was $3,500,000 of which $2,500,000 was re- covered through the insurance companies. It rapidly recovered from the effects of this and to-day the annual sales amount to over $40,000,000. Mr. Field's real estate hold- ings amounted to $10,000,000. He was one of the heaviest subscribers to the Bap- tist University fund although he is a Presby- terian, and gave $1,000,000 for the endow- ment of the Field Columbian Museum — one of the greatest institutions of the kind in the world. EDGAR WILSON NYE, who won an im- mense popularity under the pen name of " Bill Nye," was one of the most eccen- tric humorists of his day. He was born Au- gust 25, 1850, at Shirley, Piscataqua coun- ty, Maine, "at a very early age " as he ex- presses it. He took an academic course in. 60 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. River Falls, Wisconsin, from whence, after his graduation, he removed to Wyoming Territory. He studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1876. He began when quite young tocontribute humorous sketches to the newspapers, became connected with various western journals and achieved a brilliant success as a humorist. Mr. Nye settled later in New York City where he devoted his time to writing funny articles for the big newspaper syndicates. He wrote for publication in book form the following : "Bill Nye and the Boomerang," "The Forty Liars," "Baled Hay," "Bill Nye's Blossom Rock," "Remarks," etc. His death occurred February 21, 1S96, at Ashe- ville, North Carolina. THOMAS DE WITT TALMAGE, one of the most celebrated American preach- ers, was born January 7, 1832, and was the youngest of twelve children. He made his preliminary studies at the grammar school in New Brunswick, New Jersey. At the age of eighteen he joined the church and entered the University of the City of New York, and graduated in May, 1853. The exercises were held in Niblo's Garden and his speech aroused the audience to a high pitch of en- thusiasm. At the close of his college duties he imagined himself interested in the law and for three years studied law. Dr. Tal- mage then perceived his mistake and pre- pared himself for the ministry at the Reformed Dutch Church Theological Semi- nary at New Brunswick, New Jersey. Just after his ordination the young minister re- ceived two calls, one from Piermont, New York, and the other from Belleville, New Jersey. Dr. Talmage accepted the latter and for three years filled that charge, when he was called to Syracuse, New York. Here it was that his sermons first drew large crowds of people to his church, and froni thence dates his popularity. Afterward he became the pastor of the Second Reformed Dutch church, of Philadelphia, remaining seven years, during which period he first entered upon the lecture platform and laid the foundation for his future reputation. At the end of this time he received three calls, one from Chicago, one from San Francisco, and one from the Central Presbyterian church of Brooklyn, which latter at that time consisted of only nineteen members with a congregation of about thirty-five. This church offered him a salary of seven thousand dollars and he accepted the call. He soon induced the trustees to sell the old church and build a new one. They did so and erected the Brooklyn Tabernacle, but it burned down shortly after it was finished. By prompt sympathy and general liberality a new church was built and formally opened in February, 1874. It contained seats for four thousand, si.x hundred and fifty, but if necessary seven thousand could be accom- modated. In October, 1878, his salary was raised from seven thousand dollars to twelve thousand dollars, and in the autumn of 1889 the second tabernacle was destroyed by fire. A third tabernacle was built and it was for- mally dedicated on Easter Sunday, 1891. JOHN PHILIP SOUSA, conceded as being one of the greatest band leaders in the world, won his fame while leader of the United States Marine Band at Washing- ton, District of Columbia. He was not originally a band player but was a violinist, and at the age of seventeen he was conduc- tor of an opera company, a profession which he followed for several years, until he was offered the leadership of the Marine Band at Washington. The proposition was re- pugnant to him at first but he accepted the COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 61 offer and then ensued ten years of brilliant success with that organization. When he first took the Marine Band he began to gather the national airs of all the nations that have representatives in Washington, and compiled a comprehensive volume in- cluding nearly all the national songs of the different nations. He composed a number of marches, waltzes and two-steps, promi- nent among which are the "Washington Post," "Directorate," "King Cotton," "High School Cadets," "Belle of Chica- go," "Liberty Bell March," "Manhattan Beach," "On Parade March," "Thunderer March," "Gladiator March," " El Capitan March," etc. He became a very extensive composer of this class of music. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, sixth president of the United States, was born in Braintree, Massachusetts, July ii, 1767, the son of John Adams. At the age of eleven he was sent to school at Paris, and two years later to Leyden, where he entered that great university. He returned to the United States in 17S5, and graduated from Harvard in 1788. He then studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1791. His practice brought no income the first two years, but he won distinction in literary fields, and was appointed minister to The Hague in 1794. He married in 1797, and went as minister to Berlin the same year, serving until 1801, when Jefferson became president. He was elected to the senate in 1803 by the Federalists, but was condemned by that party for advocating the Embargo Act and other Anti-Federalist measures. He was appointed as professor of rhetoric at Harvard in 1805, and in 1809 was sent as minister to Russia. He assisted in negotiat- ing the treaty of peace with England in 1814, and became minister to that power the next year. He served during Monroe's administration two terms as secretary of state, during which time party lines were obliterated, and in 1824 four candidates for president appeared, all of whom were iden- tified to some extent with the new " Demo- cratic" party. Mr. Adams received 84 elec- toral votes, Jackson 99, Crawford 41, and Clay 37. As no candidate had a majority of all votes, the election went to the house of representatives, which elected Mr. Adams. As Clay had thrown his influence to Mr. Adams, Clay became secretary of state, and this caused bitter feeling on the part of the Jackson Democrats, who were joined by Mr. Crawford and his following, and op- posed every measure of the administration. In the election of 1828 Jackson was elected over Mr. Adams by a great majority. Mr. Adams entered the lower house of congress in 1830, elected from the district in which he was born and continued to rep- resent it for seventeen years. He was known as " the old man eloquent," and his work in congress was independent of party. He opposed slavery extension and insisted upon presenting to congress, one at a time, the hundreds of petitions against the slave power. One of these petitions, presented in 1842, was signed by forty-five citizens of Massachusetts, and prayed congress for a peaceful dissolution of the Union. His enemies seized upon this as an opportunity to crush their powerful foe, and in a caucus meeting determined upon his expulsion from congress. Finding they would not be able to command enough votes for this, they de- cided upon a course that would bring equal disgrace. They formulated a resolution to the effect that while he merited expulsion, the house would, in great mercy, substitute its severest censure. When it was read in the house the old man, then in his seventy-fifth 62 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHl'. year, arose and demanded that the first para- graph of the Declaration of Independence be read as his defense. It embraced the famous sentence, "that whenever any form of government becomes destructive to those ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government, etc., etc." After eleven days of hard fight- ing his opponents were defeated. On Febru- ary 21, 1S4S, he rose to address the speaker on the Oregon question, when he suddenly fell from a stroke of paralysis. He died soon after in the rotunda of the capitol, where he had been conveyed b}- his col- leagues. SUSAN B. ANTHONY was one of the most famous women of America. She was born at South Adams, Massachusetts, Februarj- 15, 1S20, the daughter of a Quaker. She received a good education and became a school teacher, following that profession for fifteen years in New York. Beginning with about 1S52 she became the active leader of the woman's rights move- ment and won a wide reputation for her zeal and ability. She also distinguished herself for her zeal and eloquence in the temperance and anti-slavery causes, and became a conspicuous figure during the war. After the close ot the war she gave most of her labors to the cause of woman's suffrage. PHILIP D. ARMOUR, one of the most conspicuous figures in the mercantile history of America, was born May 16, 1S32, on a fartn at Stockbridge. Madison county. New York, and received his earlj- education in the common schools of that county. He was apprenticed to a farmer and worked faithfully and well, being verj' ambitious and desiring to start out for himself. At the age of twenty he secured a release from his indentures and set out overland for the gold fields of California. After a great deal of hard work he accumulated a little money and then came east and settled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He went into the grain receiving and warehouse busi- ness and was fairly successful, and later on he formed a partnership with John Plankin- ton in the pork packing line, the style of the firm being Plankinton & Armour. Mr. Ar- mour made his first great ' ' deal " in selling pork "short " on the New Y'ork market in the anticipation of the fall of the Confed- eracy, and Mr. Armour is said to have made through this deal a million dollars. He then established packing houses in Chicago and Kansas City, and in 1875 he removed to Chicago. He increased his business by add- ing to it the shipment of dressed beef to the European markets, and many other lines of trade and manufacturing, and it rapidly assumed vast proportions, employing an army of men in different lines of the busi- ness. Mr. Armour successfully conducted a great many speculative deals in pork and grain of immense proportions and also erected many large warehouses for the storage of grain. He became one of the representative business men of Chicago, where he became closely identified with all enterprises of a public nature, but his fame as a great busi- ness man extended to all parts of the world. He founded the "Armour Institute " at Chi- cago and also contributed largely to benevo- lent and charitable institutions. ROBERT FULTON.— Although Fulton is best known as the inventor of the first successful steamboat, yet his claims ta distinction do not rest alone upon that, for he was an inventor along other lines, a painter and an author. He was born at Little Britain, Lancaster county, Pennsy! '\ COMPENDIUM Oi^ BIOGRAPHT. 65- vania, in 1765, of Scotch-Irish ancestry. At the age of seventeen he removed to Phila- delphia, and there and in New York en- gaged in miniature painting with success both from a pecuniary and artistic point of view. With the results of his labors he pur- :;hased a farm for the support of his mother. He went to London and studied under the great painter, Benjamin West, and all through life retained his fondness for art and gave evidence of much ability in that line. While in England he was brought in contact with the Duke of Bridgewater, the father of the English canal system; Lord Stanhope, an eminent mechanician, and James Watt, the inventor of the steam en- gine. Their influence turned his mind to its true field of labor, that of mechanical in- vention. Machines for flax spinning, marble sawing, rope making, and for remov- ing earth from excavations, are among his earliest ventures. His "Treatise on the Improvement of Canal Navigation," issued in 1 796, and a series of essays on canals were soon followed by an English patent for canal improvements. In 1797 he went to Paris, where he resided until 1806, and there invented a submarine torpedo boat for maritime defense, but which was rejected by the governments of France, England and the United States. In 1 803 he offered to con- struct for the Emperor Napoleon a steam- boat that would assist in carrying out the plan of invading Great Britain then medi- tated by that great captain. In pursuance he constructed his first steamboat on the Seine, but it did not prove a full success and the idea was abandoned by the French government. By the aid of Livingston, then United States minister to France, Fulton purchased, in 1806, an engine which he brought to this country. After studying the defects of his own and other attempts in 4 this line he built and launched in 1807 the Clermont, the first successful steamboat. This craft only attained a speed of five miles an hour while going up North river. His first patent not fully covering his in- vention, Fulton was engaged in many law suits for infringement. He constructed many steamboats, ferryboats, etc., among these being the United States steamer " Fulton the First," built in 1814, the first war steamer ever built. This craft never attained any great speed owing to some de- fects in construction and accidentally blew up in 1829. Fulton died in New York, Feb- ruary 21, 1815. SALMON PORTLAND CHASE, sixth chief-justice of the United States, and one of the most eminent of American jurists, was born in Cornish, New Hampshire, Jan- uary 13, 1808. At the age of nine he was left in poverty by the death of his father, but means were found to educate him. He was sent to his uncle, a bishop, who con- ducted an academy near Columbus, Ohio, and here young Chase worked on the farm and attended school. At the age of fifteen he returned to his native state and entered Dartmouth College, from which he gradu- ated in 1 826. He then went to Washington, and engaged in teaching school, and study- ing law under the instruction of William Wirt. He was licensed to practice in 1829, and went to Cincinnati, where he had a hard struggle for several years following. He had in the meantime prepared notes on the statutes of Ohio, which, when published, brought him into prominence locally. He was soon after appointed solicitor of the United States Bank. In 1837 he appeared as counsel for a fugitive slave woman, Ma- tilda, and sought by all the powers of his learning and eloquence to prevent her owner COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. from reclaiming her. He acted in many other cases, and devolved the trite expres- sion, "Slavery is sectional, freedom is na- tional." He was employed to defend Van Zandt before the supreme court of the United States in 1846, which was one of the most noted cases connected with the great strug- gle against slavery. By this time Mr. Chase had become the recognized leader of that element known as " free-soilers." He was elected to the United States senate in 1849, and was chosen governor of Ohio in 1855 and re-elected in 1857. He was chosen to the United States senate from Ohio in 1861, but was made secretary of the treasury by Lincoln and accepted. He inaugurated a financial system to replenish the exhausted treasury and meet the demands of the great- est war in history and at the same time to revive the industries of the country. One of the measures which afterward called for his judicial attention was the issuance of currency notes which were made a legal tender in payment of debts. When this question came before him as chief-justice of the United States he reversed his former action and declared the measure unconstitu- tional. The national banking system, by which all notes issued were to be based on funded government bonds of equal or greater amounts, had its direct origin with Mr. Chase. Mr. Chase resigned the treasury port- folio in 1864, and was appointed the same year as chief-justice of the United States supreme court. The great questions that came up before him at this crisis in the life of the nation were no less than those which confronted the first chief-justice at the for- mation of our government. Reconstruction, private, state and national interests, the constitutionality of the acts of congress passed in times of great excitement, the construction and interpretation to ])e placed upon the several amendments to the national constitution, — these were among the vital questions requiring prompt decision. He received a paralytic stroke in 1870, which impaired his health, though his mental powers were not affected. He continued to preside at the opening terms for two years following and died May 7, 1873. HARRIET ELIZABETH BEECHER STOWE, a celebrated American writ- er, was born June 14, 1812, at Litchfield, Connecticut. She was a daughter of Lyman Beecher and a sister of Henry Ward Beecher, two noted divines; was carefully educated, and taught school for several years at Hart- ford, Connecticut. In 1832 Miss Beecher married Professor Stowe, then of Lane Semi- nary, Cincinnati, Ohio, and afterwards at Bowdoin College and Andover Seminary. Mrs. Stowe published in 1849 "The May- flower, or sketches of the descendants of the Pilgrims," and in 1851 commenced in the "National Era "of Washington, a serial story which was published separately in 1852 under the title of "Uncle Tom's Cabin." This book attained almost unparalleled success both at home and abroad, and within ten years it had been translated in almost every lan- guage of the civilized world. Mrs. Stowe pub- lished in 1853 a "Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin" in which the data that she used was published and its truthfulness was corroborated. In 1853 she accompanied her husband and brother to Europe, and on her return pub- lished "Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands" in 1854. Mrs. Stowe was for some time one of the editors of the ' ' Atlantic Monthly " and the " Hearth and Home," for which she had written a number of articles. Among these, also published separately, are " Dred, a tale of the Great Dismal Swamp " (later published under the title of "Nina COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 67 Gordon"); "The Minister's Wooing;" "The Pearl of Orr's Island;" "Agnes of Sorrento;" ' 'Oldtown Folks;" ' ' My Wife and I;" " Bible Heroines," and "A Dog's Mission." Mrs. Stowe's death occurred July i, 1896, at Hartford, Connecticut. THOMAS JONATHAN JACKSON, bet- ter known as "Stonewall" Jackson, was one of the most noted of the Confeder- ate gene'^als of the Civil war. He was a soldier by nature, an incomparable lieuten- ant, sure to execute any operation entrusted to him with marvellous precision, judgment and courage, and all his individual cam- paigns and combats bore the stamp of a masterly capacity for war. He was born January 21, 1824, at Clarksburg, Harrison county, West Virginia. He was early in life imbued with the desire to be a soldier and it is said walked from the mountains of Virginia to Washington, secured the aid of his congressman, and was appointed cadet at the United States Military Academy at West Point from which he was graduated in 1846. A.ttached to the army as brevet sec- ond lieutenant of the First Artillery, his first service was as a subaltern with Magruder's battery of light artillery in the Mexican war. He participated at the reduction of Vera Cruz, and was noticed for gallantry in the battles of Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Moline del Rey, Chapultepec, and the capture of the city of Mexico, receiving the brevets of captain for conduct at Contreras and Cher- ubusco and of major at Chapultepec. In the meantime he had been advanced by regular promotion to be first lieutenant in 1847. In 1852, the war having closed, he resigned and became professor of natural and experimental philosophy and artillery instructor at the Virginia State Military Institute at Lexington, Virginia, where he remained until Virginia declared for seces- sion, he becoming chiefly noted for intense religious sentiment coupled with personal eccentricities. Upon the breaking out of the war he was made colonel and placed in command of a force sent to sieze Harper's Ferry, which he accomplished May 3, 1861. Relieved by General J. E. Johnston, May 23, he took command of the brigade of Valley Virginians, whom he moulded into that brave corps, baptized at the first Manassas, and ever after famous as the " Stonewall Brigade." After this "Stone- wall " Jackson was made a major-general, in 1861, and participated until his death in all the famous campaigns about Richmond and in Virginia, and was a conspicuous fig- ure in the memorable battles of that time. May 2, 1863, at Chancellorsville, he was wounded severely by his own troops, two balls shattering his left arm and another passing through the palm of his right hand. The left arm was amputated, but pneumonia intervened, and, weakened by the great loss of blood, he died May 10, 1863. The more his operations in the Shenandoah valley in 1862 are studied the more striking must the merits of this great soldier appear. JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER.— Near to the heart of the people of the Anglo-Saxon race will ever lie the verses of this, the "Quaker Poet." The author of "Barclay of Ury," "Maud Muller" and "Barbara Frietchie, " always pure, fervid and direct, will be remembered when many a more ambitious writer has been forgotten. John G. Whittier was born at Haver- hill, Massachusetts, December 7, 1807. of Quaker parentage. He had but a common- school education and passed his boyhood days upon a farm. In early life he learned the trade of shoemaker. At the age of 68 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. eighteen he began to write verses for the Haverhill '' Gazette." He spent two years after that at the Haverhill academy, after which, in 1829, he became editor of the "American Manufacturer," at Boston. In 1830 he succeeded George D. Prentice as editor of the "New England Weekly Re- view," but the following year returned to Haverhill and engaged in farming. In 1832 and in 1836 he edited the " Gazette." In 1835 he was elected a member of the legis- lature, serving two years. In 1 836 he became secretary of the Anti-slavery Society of Phil- adelphia. In 1838 and 1839 he edited the " Pennsylvania Freeman," but in the latter year the office was sacked and burned by a mob. In 1 840 Whittier settled at Ames- bury, Massachusetts. In 1847 he became corresponding editor of the "National Era," an anti-slavery paper published at Washing- ton, and contributed to its columns many of his anti-slavery and other favorite lyrics. Mr. Whittier lived for many years in retire- ment of Quaker simplicity, publishing several volumes of poetry which have raised him to a high place among American authors and brought to him the love and admiration of his countrymen. In the electoral colleges of i860 and 1864 Whittier v/as a member. Much of his time after 1876 was spent at Oak Knoll, Danvers, Massachusetts, but still retained his residence at Amesbury. He never married. His death occurred Sep- tember 7, 1892. The more prominent prose writings of John G. Whittier are as follows: "Legends of New England," "Justice and Expediency, or Slavery Considered with a View to Its Abo- htion," " The Stranger in Lowell," "Super- naturalism in New England," " Leaves from Margaret Smith's Journal," "Old Portraits and Modern Sketches" and "Literary Sketches." DAVID DIXON PORTER, illustrious as admiral of the United States navy, and famous as one of the most able naval offi- cers of America, was born in Pennsylvania, June 8, 1 8 14. His father was also a naval officer of distinction, who left the service of the United States to become commander of the naval forces of Mexico during the war between that country and Spain, and through this fact David Dixon Porter was appointed a midshipman in the Mexican navy. Two years later David D. Porter joined the United States navy as midship- man, rose in rank and eighteen years later as a lieutenant he is found actively engaged in all the operations of our navy along the east coast of Mexico. When the Civil war broke out Porter, then a commander, was dispatched in the Powhattan to the relief of Fort Pickens, Florida. This duty accom- plished, he fitted out a mortar flotilla for the reduction of the forts guarding the ap- proaches to New Orleans, which it was con- sidered of vital importance for the govern- ment to get possession of. After the fall of New Orleans the mortar flotilla was actively engaged at Vicksburg, and in the fall of 1862 Porter was made a rear-admiral and placed in command of all the naval forces on the western rivers above New Orleans. The ability of the man was now con- spicuously manifested, not only in the bat- tles in which he was engaged, but also in the creation of a formidable ileet out of river steamboats, which he covered with such plating as they would bear. In 1864 he was transferred to the Atlantic coast to command the naval forces destined to oper- ate against the defences of Wilmington, North Carolina, and on Jan. 15, 1865, the fall of Fort Fisher was hailed by the country as a glorious termination of his arduous war service. In 1866 he was made vice-admiral COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 6i» and appointed superintendent of the Naval Academy. On the death of Farragut, in 1S70, he succeeded that able man as ad- miral of the navy. His death occurred at Washington, February 13, 1891. NATHANIEL GREENE was one of the best known of the distinguished gen- erals who led the Continental soldiery against the hosts of Great Britain during the Revolutionary war. He was the son of Quaker parents, and was born at War- wick, Rhode Island, May 27, 1742. In youth he acquired a good education, chiefly by his own efforts, as he was a tireless reader. In 1770 he was elected a member of the Assembly of his native state. The news of the battle of Lexington stirred his blood, and he offered his services to the government of the colonies, receiving the rank of brigadier-general and the com- mand of the troops from Rhode Island. He led them to the camp at Cambridge, and for thus violating the tenets of their faith, he was cast out of the Society of Friends, or Quakers. He soon won the es- teem of General Washington. In August, 1776, Congress promoted Greene to the rank of major-general, and in the battles of Trenton and Princeton he led a division. At the battle of Brandywine, September 11, 1777, he greatly distinguished himself, pro- tecting the retreat of the Continentals by his firm stand. At the battle of German- town, October 4, the same year, he com- manded the left wing of the army with credit. In March, 1778, he reluctantly ac- cepted the office of quartermaster-general, but only with the understanding that his rank m the army would not be affected and that in action he should retain his command. On the bloody field of Monmouth, June 28, 1778, he commanded the right wing, as he did at the battle of Tiverton Heights. He was in command of the army in 1780, dur- ing the absence of Washington, and was president of the court-martial that tried and condemned Major Andre. After General Gates' defeat at Camden, North Carolina, in the summer of 1780, General Greene was ap- pointed to the command of the southern army. He sent out a force under General Morgan who defeated General Tarleton at Cowpens, January 17, 1781. On joining his lieuten- ant, in February, he found himself out num- bered by the British and retreated in good order to Virginia, but being reinforced re- turned to North Carolina where he fought the battle of Guilford, and a few days later compelled the retreat of Lord Cornwallis. The British were followed by Greene part of the way, when the American army marched into South Carolina. After vary- ing success he fought the battle of Eutaw Springs, Septembers, 1781. For thelatter battle and its glorious consequences, which virtually closed the war in the Carolinas, Greene received a medal from Congress and many valuable grants of land from the colonies of North and South Carolina and Georgia. On the return of peace, after a year spent in Rhode Island, General Greene took up his residence on his estate near Savannah, Georgia, where he died June 19, 1786. EDGAR ALLEN POE.— Among the many great literary men whom this country has produced, there is perhaps no name more widely known than that of Ed- gar Allen Poe. He was born at Boston, Massachusetts, February 19, 1809. His parents were David and Elizabeth (Arnold) Poe, both actors, the mother said to have been the natural daughter of Benedict Ar- nold. The parents died while Edgar was 70 COMPENDIUM OF B70GRAPH2\ still a child and he was adopted by John Allen, a wealthy and influential resident of Richmond, Virginia. Edgar was sent to school at Stoke, Newington, England, where he remained until he was thirteen years old; was prepared for college by pri- vate tutors, and in 1826 entered the Virginia University at Charlottesville. He made rapid progress in his studies, and was dis- tinguished for his scholarship, but was ex- pelled within a year for gambling, after which for several years he resided with his benefactor at Richmond. He then went to Baltimore, and in 1829 published a 71 -page pamphlet called "Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems," which, however, at- tracted no attention and contained nothing of particular merit. In 1830 he was ad- mitted as a cadet at West -Point, but was expelled about a year later for irregulari- ties. Returning to the home of Mr. Allen he remained for some time, and finally quarrelled with his benefactor and enlisted as a private soldier in the U. S. army, but remained only a short time. Soon after this, in 1833, Poe won several prizes for literary work, and as a result secured the position of editor of the ' ' Southern Liter- ary Messenger," at Richmond, Virginia. Here he married his cousin, Virginia Clemm, who clung to him with fond devo- tion through all the many trials that came to them until her death in January, 1848. Poe remained with the "Messenger" for Several years, writing meanwhile many tales, reviews, essays and poems. He aft- erward earned a precarious living by his pen in New York for a time; in 1839 be- came editor of "Burton's Gentleman's Magazine" ; in 1840 to 1842 was editor of " Graham's Magazine," and drifted around from one place to another, returning to New York in 1844. In 1845 his best known production, ' ' The Raven, " appeared in the "Whig Review," and gained him a reputation which is now almost world-wide. He then acted as editor and contributor on various magazines and periodicals until the death of his faithful wife in 1S48. In the summer of i S49 he was engaged to be mar- ried to a lady of fortune in Richmond, Vir- ginia, and the day set for the wedding. He started for New York to make prepara- tions for the event, but, it is said, began drinking, was attacked with dilirium tre- mens in Baltimore and was removed to a hospital, where he died, October 7, 1849. The works of Edgar Allen Poe have been repeatedl}' published since his death, both in Europe and America, and have attained an immense popularity. HORATIO GATES, one of the prom- inent figures in the American war for Independence, was not a native of the col- onies but was born in England in 1728. In early life he entered the British arm}' and attained the rank of major. At the capture of Martinico he was aide to General Monk- ton and after the peace of Aix la Chapelle, in 1748, he was among the first troops that landed at Halifax. He was with Braddock at his defeat in 1755, and was there severe- ly wounded. At the conclusion of the French and Indian war Gates purchased an estate in Virginia, and, resigning from the British army, settled down to life as a planter. On the breaking out of the Rev- olutionary war he entered the service of the colonies and was made adjutant-general of the Continental forces with the rank oi brigadier-general. He accompanied ^^'ash- ington when he assumed the command oi the army. In June, 1776, he was appoint- ed to the command of the army of Canada, but was superseded in May of the following COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 71 year by General Schuyler. In August, 1777, however, the command of that army was restored to General Gates and Septem- ber 19 he fought the battle of Bemis Heights. October 7, the same year, he won the battle of Stillwater, or Saratoga, and October 17 received the surrender of General Burgoyne and his army, the pivotal point of the war. This gave him a brilliant reputation. June 13, 1780, General Gates was appointed to the command of the southern military division, and August 16 of that year suffered defeat at the hands of Lord Cornwallis, at Camden, North Car- olina In December following he was superseded in the command by General Nathaniel Greene. On the signing of the peace treaty Gen- eral Gates retired to his plantation in Berkeley county, Virginia, where he lived until 1790, when, emancipating all his slaves, he removed to New York City, where he resided until his death, April 10, 1S06. LYMAN J. GAGE.— When President Mc- Kinley selected Lyman J. Gage as sec- retary of the treasury he chose one of the most eminent financiers of the century. Mr. Gage was born June 28, 1836. at De Ruy- ter, Madison county. New York, and was of English descent. He went to Rome, New York, with his parents when he was ten years old, and received his early education in the Rome Academy. Mr. Gage gradu- ated from the same, and his first position was that of a clerk in the post office. When lie was fifteen years of age he was detailed as mail agent on the Rome & Watertown R. R. until the postmaster-general appointed regular agents for the route. In 1854, when he was in his eighteenth year, he entered the Oneida Central Bank at Rome as a junior clerk at a salary of one hundred dol- lars per year. Being unable at the end of one year and a half's service to obtain an increase in salary he determined to seek a wider field of labor. Mr. Gage set out in the fall of 1855 and arrived in Chicago, Illinois, on October 3, and soon obtained a situation in Nathan Cobb's lumber yard and planing mill. Ke remained there three years as a bookkeeper, teamster, etc., and left on account of change in the management. But not being able to find anything else to do he accepted the position of night watchman in the place for a period of six weeks. He then became a bookkeeper for the Mer- chants Saving, Loan and Trust Company at a salary of five hundred dollars per year. He rapidly advanced in the service of this company and in i 868 he was made cashier. Mr. Gage was next offered the position of cashier of the First National Bank and ac- cepted the offer. He became the president of the First National Bank of Chicago Jan-^ uary 24. 1891, and in 1897 he was appointed secretary of the treasury. His ability as a financier and the prominent part he took in the discussion of financial affairs while presi- dent of the great Chicago bank gave him a national reputation. ANDREW JACKSON, the seventh pres- ident of the United States, was born at the Waxhaw settlement, Union county. North Carolina, March 15, 1767. His parents were Scotch-Irish, natives of Carr- ickfergus, who came to this country in 1665 and settled on Twelve-Mile creek, a trib- utary of the Catawba. His father, who was a poor farm laborer, died short]}' be- fore Andrew's birth, when the mother re- moved to Waxhaw, where some relatives lived. Andrew's education was very limited, he showing no aptitude for study. In 1780 when but thirteen years of age, he and his 72 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. brother Robert volunteered to serve in the American partisan troops under General Sumter, and witnessed the defeat at Hang- ing Rock. The following year the boys were both taken prisoners by the enemy and endured brutal treatment from the British officers while confined at Camden. They both took the small pox, when the mother procured their e.xchange but Robert died shortly after. The mother died in Charleston of ship fever, the same year. Young Jackson, now in destitute cir- cumstances, worked for about six months in a saddler's shop, and then turned school master, although but little fitted for the position. He now began to think of a pro- fession and at Salisbury, North Carolina, entered upon the study of law, but from all accounts gave but little attention to his books, being one of the most roistering, rollicking fellows in that town, indulging in many of the vices of his time. In 1786 he was admitted to the bar and in 1788 re- moved to Nashville, then in North Carolina, with the appointment of public prosecutor, then an office of little honor or emolument, but requiring much nerve, for which young Jackson was already noted. Two years later, when Tennessee became a territory he was appointed by Washington to the position of United States attorney for that district. In 1791 he married Mrs. Rachel Robards, a daughter of Colonel John Don- elson, who was supposed at the time to have been divorced from her former hus- band that year by act of legislature of Vir- ginia, but two years later, on finding that this divorce was not legal, and a new bill of separation being granted by the courts of Kentucky, they were remarried in 1793. This was used as a handle by his oppo- nents in the political campaign afterwards. Jackson was untiring in his efforts as United States attorney and obtained much influence. He was chosen a member of the Constitu- tional Convention of 1796, when Tennessee became a state and was its first represent- ative in congress. In 1797 he was chosen United States senator, but resigned the fol- lowing year to accept a seat on the supreme court of Tennessee which he held until 1804. He was elected major-general of the militia of that state in 1801. In 1804, being unsuccessful in obtaining the govern- orship of Louisiana, the new territory, he retired from public life to the Hermitage, his plantation. On the outbreak of the war with Great Britain in 1812 he tendered his services to the government and went to New Orleans with the Tennessee troops in January, 181 3. In March of that year he was ordered to disband his troops, but later marched against the Cherokee Indians, de- feating them at Talladega, Emuckfaw and Tallapoosa. Having now a national reputation, he was appointed major-general in the United States army and was sent against the British in Florida. He con- ducted the defence of Mobile and seized Pensacola. He then went with his troops to New Orleans, Louisiana, where he gained the famous victory of January 8, 1815. In 18 17-18 he conducted a war against the Seminoles, and in 182 1 was made governor of the new territory of Florida. In 1823 he was elected United States senator, but in 1824 was the contestant with J. Q. Adams for the presidency. Four years later he was elected president, and served two terms. In 1832 he took vigorous action against the nullifiers of South Carolina, and the next year removed the public money from the United States bank. During his second term the national debt was extinguished. At the close of his administration he retired to the Hermitage, where he died June 8, 1845. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 73 ANDREW CARNEGIE, the largest manu- facturer of pig-iron, steel rails and coke in the world, well deserves a place among America's celebrated men. He was born November 25, 1835, at Dunfermline, Scotland, and emigrated to the United States with his father in 1845, settling in Pittsburg. Two years later Mr. Carnegie began his business career by attending a small station- ary engine. This work did not suit him and he became a telegraph messenger with the Atlantic and Ohio Co., and later he became an operator, and was one of the first to read telegraphic signals by sound. Mr. Carnegie was afterward sent to the Pittsburg office of the Pennsylvania Railroad Co., as clerk to the superintendent and manager of the telegraph lines. While in this position he made the acquaintance of Mr. Woodruff, the inventor of the sleeping-car. Mr. Carnegie immediately became interested and was one of the organizers of the company for its con- struction after the railroad had adopted it, and the success of this venture. gave him the nucleus of his wealth. He was promoted to the superintendency of the Pittsburg division of the Pennsylvania Railroad and about this time was one of the syndicate that purchased the Storey farm on Oil Creek which cost forty thousand dollars and in one year it yielded over one million dollars in cash dividends. Mr. Carnegie later was as- sociated with others in establishing a rolling- mill, and from this has grown the most ex- tensive and complete system of iron and steel industries ever controlled by one indi- vidual, embracing the Edgar Thomson Steel Works; Pittsburg Bessemer Steel Works; Lucy Furnaces; Union Iron Mills; Union Mill; Keystone Bridge Works; Hart- man Steel Works; Prick Coke Co.; Scotia Ore Mines. Besides directing his immense iron industries he owned eighteen English newspapers which he ran in the interest oi the Radicals. He has also devoted large sums of money to benevolent and educational purposes. In 1879 he erected commodious swimming baths for the people of Dunferm- line, Scotland, and in the following year gave forty thousand dollars for a free library. Mr. Carnegie gave fifty thousand dollars to Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1884 to found what is now called "Carnegie Lab- oratory, " and in 18S5 gave five hundred thousand dollars to Pittsburg for a public library. He also gave two hundred and fifty thousand dollars for a music hall and library in Allegheny City in 1886, and two hundred and fifty thousand dollars to Edinburgh, Scot- land, for a free library. He also established free libraries at Braddock, Pennsylvania, and other places for the benefit of his em- ployes. He also published the following works, "An American Four-in-hand in Britain;" " Round the World;" "Trium- phant Democracy; or Fifty Years' March of the Republic." GEORGE H. THOMAS, the " Rock of Chickamauga, " one of the best known commanders during the late Civil war, was born in Southampton county, Virginia, July 31, 1 8 16, his parents being of Welsh and French origin respectively. In 1836 young Thomas was appointed a cadet at the Mili- tary Academy, at West Point, from which he graduated in 1840, and was promoted to the office of second lieutenant in the Third Artillery. Shortly after, with his company, he went to Florida, where he served for two years against the Seminole Indians. In 1 84 1 he was brevetted first lieutenant for gallant conduct. He remained in garrison in the south and southwest until 1845, at which date with the regiment he joined the army under General Taylor, and participat- 74 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. ed .r *'. e defense of Fort Brown, the storm- inj^ '>f Monterey and the battle of Buena Vists After the latter event he remained in garrison, now brevetted major, until the close of the Mexican war. After a year spent in Florida. Captain Tfiomas was or- dered to West Point, where fie served as in- structor until 1854. He then was trans- ferred to California, fn May, 1855, Thom- as was appointed major of the Second Cav- alry, with whom he spent five years in Texas. Although a southern man, and surrounded by brother officers who all were afterwards r.n the Confederate service. Major Thomas never swerved from his allegiance to the government. A. S. Johnston was the col- onel of the regiment, R. E. Lee the lieuten- ant-colonel, and W. J. Hardee, senior ma- jor, while among the younger officers were Hood, Fitz Hugh Lee, Van Dornand Kirby Smith. When these officers left the regi- ment to take up arms for the Confederate cause he remained with it, and April 17th, 1 86 1, crossed the Potomac into his native state, at its head. After taking an active part in the opening scenes of the war on the Poto- mac and Shenandoah, in August, 1861, he was promoted to be brigadier-general and transferred to the Army of the Cumberland. January 19-20, 1862, Thomas defeated Crittenden at Mill Springs, and this brought him into notice and laid the foundation of his fame. He continued in command of his division until September 20, 1862, except during the Corinth campaign when he com- manded the right wing of the Army of the Tennessee. He was in command of the latter at the battle of Perryville, also, Octo- ber 8, 1862. On the division of the Army of the Cum- berland into corps, January 9, 1863, Gen- eral Thomas was assigned to the command of the Fourteenth, and at the battle of Chick- amauga, after the retreat of Rosecrans, firmly held his own against the hosts of Gen- eral Bragg. A history of his services from that on would be a history of the war in the southwest. On September 27, 1864, Gen- eral Thomas was given command in Ten- nessee, and after organizing his army, de- feated General Hood in the battle of Nash- ville, December 15 and 16, 1864. Much complaint was made before this on account of what they termed Thomas' slowness, and he was about to be superseded because he would not strike until he got ready, but when the blow was struck General Grant was the first to place on record this vindica- tion of Thomas' judgment. He received a vote of thanks from Congress, and from the legislature of Tennessee a gold medal. Af- ter the close of the war General Thomas had command of several of the military di- visions, and died at San Francisco, Cali- fornia, ^farch 28, 1870. GEORGE BANCROFT, one of the most eminent American historians, was a nativeof Massachusetts, born at Worcester, October 3, 1800, and a son of Aaron Bancroft, D. D. The father, Aaron Ban- croft, was born at Reading, Massachusetts, November 10, 1755- He graduated at Harvard in 1778, became a minister, and for half a century was rated as one of the ablest preachers in New England. He was also a prolific writer and published a number of works among which was " Life of George Washington." Aaron Bancroft died August 19, 1839. The subject of our present biography, George Bancroft, graduated at Harvard in 18 1 7, and the following year entered the University of Gottingen, where he studied history and philology under the most emi- nent teachers, and in 1820 received the de- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 75 gree of doctor of philosophy at Gottingen. Upon his return home he pubhshed a volume of poems, and later a translation of Heeren's "Reflections on the Politics of Ancient Greece." In 1834 he produced the first volume of his " History of the United •States," this being followed by other vol- umes at different intervals later. This was bis greatest work and ranks as the highest authority, taking its place among the great- est of American productions. George Bancroft was appointed secretary of the navy by President Polk in 1845, but resigned in 1846 and became minister pleni- potentiary to England. In 1849 he retired from public life and took up his residence at Washington, D. C. In 1867 he was ap- pointed United States minister to the court of Berlin and negotiated the treatyby which Ger- mans coming to the United States were re- leased from their allegiance to the govern- ment of their native land. In 1871 he was minister plenipotentiary to the German em- pire and served until 1874. The death of George Bancroft occurred January 17, 1891. /^EORGE GORDON MEADE, a fa- VJ mous Union general, was born at Cadi^, Spain, December 30, 181 5, his father being United States naval agent at that port. After receiving a good education he entered the West Point Military Academy in 1 83 1. From here he was graduated June 30, 1835, and received the rank of second lieutenant of artillery. He par- ticipated in the Seminole war, but resigned from the army in October, 1836. He en- tered upon the profession of civil engineer, which he followed for several years, part of the time in the service of the government in making surveys of the mouth of the Missis- sippi river. His report and results of some experiments made by him in this service gained Meade much credit. He alsu was employed in surveying the boundary hue of Texas and the northeastern boundary line between the United States and Car.ada. In 1842 he was reappointed in the armj^ to the position of second lieutenant of engineers. During the Mexican war he served with dis- tinction on the stafY of General Taylor in the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma and the storming of Monterey. He received his brevet of first lieutenant for the latter action. In 1851 he was made full first lieutenant in his corps; a captain in 1856, and major soon after. At the close of the war with Mexico he was employed in light- house construction and in geodetic surveys until the breaking out of the Rebellion, in which he gained great reputation. In August, 1 86 1, he was made brigadier-general of volunteers and placed in command of the second brigade of the Pennsylvania Reserves, a division of the First Corps in the Army of the Potomac. In the campaign of 1862, under McClellan, Meade took an active part, being present at the battles of Mechan- icsville, Gaines' Mill and Glendale, in the latter of which he was severely wounded. On rejoining his command he was given a division and distinguished himself at its head in the battles of South Mountain and Antie- tam. During the latter, on the wounding of General Hooker, Meade was placed in command of the corps and was himself slightly wounded. For servi ces he was promoted, November, 1862, to the rank of major-general of volunteers. On the recovery of General Hooker General Meade returned to his division and in December, 1862, at Fredericksburg, led an attack which penetrated Lee's right line and swept to his rear. Being outnumbered and un- supported, he finally was driven back. The same month Meade was assigned to the 76 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. command of the Fifth Corps, and at Chan- cellorsville in May, 1863, his sagacity and ability so struck General Hooker that when the latter asked to be 'relieved of the com- mand, in June of the same year, he nomi- nated Meade as his successor. June 28, 1863, President Lincoln commissioned Gen- eral Meade commander-in-chief of the Army of the Potomac, then scattered and moving hastily through Pennsylvania to the great and decisive battlefield at Gettysburg, at which he was in full command. With the victory on those July days the name of Meade will ever be associated. From that time until the close of the war he com- manded the Army of the Potomac. In 1864 General Grant, being placed at the head of all the armies, took up his quarters with the Army of the Potomac. From that time until the surrender of Lee at Appo- matox Meade's ability shone conspicuously, and his tact in the delicate position in lead- ing his army under the eye of his superior officer commanded the respect and esteem of General Grant. For services Meade was promoted to the rank of major-general, and on the close of hostilities, in July, 1865, was assigned to the command of the military division of the Atlantic, with headquarters at Philadelphia. This post he held, with the exception of a short period on detached duty in Georgia, until his death, which took place November 6, 1872. DAVID CROCKETT was a noted hunter and scout, and also one of the earliest of American humorists. He was born Au- gust 17, 1786, in Tennessee, and was one of the most prominent men of his locality, serving as representative in congress from 1827 until 1831. He attracted consider- able notice while a member of congress and was closely associated with General Jack- son, of whom he was a personal friend. He went to Texas and enlisted in the Texan army at the time of the revolt of Texas against Mexico and gained a wide reputa- tion as a scout. He was one of the famous one hundred and forty men under Colonel W. B. Travis who were besieged in Fort Alamo, near San Antonio, Texas, by Gen- eral Santa Anna with some five thousand Mexicans on February 23, 1836. The fort was defended for ten days, frequent assaults being repelled with great slaughter, over one thousand Mexicans being killed or wounded, while not a man in the fort was injured. Finally, on March 6, three as- saults were made, and in the hand-to-hand fight that followed the last, the Texans were wofully outnumbered and overpowered. They fought desperately with clubbed mus- kets till only six were left alive, including W. B. Travis, David Crockett and James Bowie. These surrendered under promise of protection; but when they were brought before Santa Anna he ordered them all to be cut to pieces. HENRY WATTERSON, one of the most conspicuous figures in the history of American journalism, was born at Wash- ington, District of Columbia, February 16, 1840. His boyhood days were mostly spent in the city of his birth, where his father, Harvey M. Watterson, was editor of the "Union," a well known journal. Owing to a weakness of the eyes, which interfered with a systematic course of study, young W^atterson was educated almost en- tirely at home. A successful college career was out of the question, but he acquired a good knowledge of music, literature and art from private tutors, but the most valuable part of the training he received was by as- sociatinsr with his father and the throng ci COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAFHT. 77 public men whom he met in Washington in the stirring days immediately preceding the Civil war. He began his journalistic career at an early age as dramatic and musical critic, and in 1858, became editor of the "Democratic Review" and at the same time contributed to the "States," a journal of liberal opinions published in Washington. In this he remained until the breaking out of the war, when the "States," opposing the administration, was suppressed, and young Watterson removed to Tennessee. He ne.xt appears as editor of the Nashville "Republican Banner," the most influential paper in the state at that tihie. After the occupation of Nashville by the Federal troops, Watterson served as a volunteer staff officer in the Confederate service until the close of the war, with the exception of a year spent in editing the Chattanooga "Rebel." On the close of the war he returned to Nashville and re- sumed his connection with the "Banner." After a trip to Europe he assumed control of the Louisville "Journal," which he soon combined with the "Courier" and the "Democrat" of that place, founding the well-known "Courier-Journal," the first number of which appeared November 8, 1868. Mr. Watterson also represented his district in congress for several years. PATRICK SARSFIELD GILMORE, one of the most successful and widely known bandmasters and musicians of the last half century in America, was born in Ballygar, Ireland, on Christmas day, 1829. He attended a public school until appren- ticed to a wholesale merchant at Athlone, of the brass band of which town he soon became a member. His passion for music conflicting with the duties of a mercantile life, his position as clerk was exchanged for that of musical instructor to the young sons of his employer. At the age of nineteen he sailed for America and two days after his arrival in Boston was put in charge of the band instrument department of a prominent music house. In the interests of the pub- lications of this house he organized a minstrel company known as " Ordway's Eolians," with which he first achieved success as a cornet soloist. Later on he was called the best E-flat cornetist in the United States. He became leader, successively, of the Suf- folk, Boston Brigade and Salem bands. During his connection with the latter he inaugurated the famous Fourth of July con- certs on Boston Common, since adopted as a regular programme for the celebration of Independence Day. In 1858 Mr. Gilmore founded the organization famous thereafter as Gilmore's Band. At the outbreak of the Civil war this band was attached to the Twenty-Fourth .Massachusetts Infantry. Later, when the economical policy of dis- pensing with music had proved a mistake, Gilmore was entrusted with the re-organiza- tion of state military bands, and upon his arrival at New Orleans with his own band was made bandmaster-general by General Banks. On the inauguration of Governor Hahn, later on, in Lafayette square, New Orleans, ten thousand children, mostly of Confederate parents, rose to the baton of Gilmore and, accompanied by six hundred instruments, thirty-six guns and the united fire of three regiments of infantry, sang the Star-Spangled Banner, America and other patriotic Union airs. In June, 1867, Mr. Gilmore conceived a national musical festi- val, which was denounced as a chimerical undertaking, but he succeeded and June 15. 1869, stepped upon the stage of the Boston Colosseum, a vast structure erected for the occasion, and in the presence of over fifty 78 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHJ- thousand people lifted his baton over an orchestra of one thousand and a chorus of ten thousand. On the 17th of June, 1872, he opened a still greater festival in Boston, when, in addition to an orchestra of two thousand and a chorus of twenty thousand, were present the Band of the Grenadier Guards, of London, of the Garde Repub- licaine, of Paris, of Kaiser Franz, of Berlin, and one from Dublin, Ireland, together with Johann Strauss, Franz Abt and manj' other soloists, vocal and instrumental. Gilmore's death occurred September 24, 1892. MARTIN VAN BUREN was the eighth president of the United States, 1837 to 1 84 1. He was of Dutch extraction, and his ancestors were among the earliest set- tlers on the banks of the Hudson. He was born December 5, 1782, at Kinderhook, New York. Mr. Van Buren took up the study of law at the age of fourteen and took an active part in political matters before he had attained his majority. He commenced the practice of law in 1803 at his native town, and in iSog he removed to Hudson, Columbia county, New York, where he spent seven years gaining strength and wis- dom from his contentions at the bar with some of the ablest men of the profession. Mr. Van Buren was elected to the state senate, and from 18 15 until 1S19 he was at- torney-general of the state. He was re- elected to the senate in 18 16, and in 181S he was one of the famous clique of politi- cians known as the "Albany regency." Mr. Van Buren was a member of the con- vention for the revision of the state consti- tution, in 1 82 1. In the same year he was elected to the United States senate and served his term in a manner that caused his re-election to that body in 1827, but re- signed the following year as he had been elected governor of New York. Mr. Van Buren was appointed by President Jackson as secretary of state in March, 1829, but resigned in 1831, and during the recess of congress he was appointed minister to England. The senate, however, when it convened in December refused to ratify the appointment. In May, 1832, he was nominated by the Democrats as their candidate for vice-presi- dent on the ticket with Andrew Jackson, and he was elected in the following Novem- ber. He received the nomination to suc- ceed President Jackson in 1836, as the Democratic candidate, and in the electoral college he received one hundred and seventy votes out of two hundred and eighty-three, and was inaugurated March 4, 1837. His administration was begun at a time of great business depression, and unparalled financial distress, which caused the suspension of specie payments by the banks. Nearly every bank in the country was forced to suspend specie payment, and no less than two hundred and fifty-four business houses failed in New York in one week. The President urged the adoption of the inde- pendent treasury idea, which passed through the senate twice but each time it was de- feated in the house. However the measure ultimately became a law near the close of President Van Buren's term of office. An- other important measure that was passed was the pre-emption law that gave the act- ual settlers preference in the purchase of public lands. The question of slavery had begun to assume great preponderance dur- ing this administration, and a great conflict was tided over by the passage of a resolu- tion that prohibited petitions or papers that in any way related to slavery to be acted upon. In the Democratic convention ot 1840 President Van Buren secured the nomination for re-election on that ticket COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 79 without opposition, but in tiie election he only received the votes of seven states, his opponent, W. H. Harrison, being elected president. In 1848 Mr. Van Buren was the candidate of the " Free-Soilers, " but was unsuccessful. After this he retired from public life and spent the remainder of his life on his estate at Kinderhook, where he died July 24, 1862. w INFIELD SCOTT, a distinguished American general, was born June 13, 1786, near Petersburg, Dinwiddle county, Virginia, and was educated at the William and Mary College. He studied law and was admitted to the bar, and in 1S08 he accepted an appointment as captain of light artillery, and was ordered to New Orleans. In June, 1812, he was promoted to be lieutenant- colonel, and on application was sent to the frontier, and reported to General Smyth, near Buffalo. He was made adjutant-gen- eral with the rank of a colonel, in March, 1 8 1 3, and the same month attained the colo- nelcy of his regiment. He participated in the principal battles of the war and was wounded many times, and at the close of the war he was voted a gold medal by con- gress for his services. He was a writer of considerable merit on military topics, and he gave to the military science, "General Regulations of the Army " and " System of Infantry and Rifle Practice." He took a prominent part in the Black Hawk war, and at the beginning of the Mexican war he was appointed to take the command of the army. Gen. Scott immediately assembled his troops at Lobos Island from which he moved by transports to Vera Cruz, which he took March 29, 1847, and rapidly fol- lowed up his first success. He fought the battles of Cerro Gordo and Jalapa, both of ■which he won, and proceeded to Pueblo where he was preceded by Worth's division which had taken the town and waited for the coming of Scott. The army was forced to wait here for supplies, and August 7th, General Scott started on his victorious march to the city of Mexico with ten thou- sand, seven hundred and thirty-eight men. The battles of Contreras, Cherubusco and San Antonio were fought August 19-20, and on the 24th an armistice was agreed upon, but as the commissioners could not agree on the terms of settlement, the fight- ing was renewed at Molino Del Rey, and the Heights of Chapultepec were carried by the victorious army of General Scott. He gave the enemy no respite, however, and vigorously followed up his advantages. On September 14, he entered the City of Mexico and dictated the terms of surrender in the very heart of the Mexican Republic. General Scott was offered the presidency of the Mexican Republic, but declined. Con- gress extended him a vote of thanks and ordered a gold medal be struck in honor of his generalship and bravery. He was can- didate for the presidency on the Whig plat- form but was defeated. He was honored by having the title of lieutenant-general con- ferred upon him in 1 85 5 . At the beginning of the Civil war he was too infirm to take charge of the army, but did signal service in be- half of the government. He retired from the service November i, 1861, and in 1864 he published his "Autobiography." Gen- eral Scott died at West Point, May 29, 1866. EDWARD EVERETT HALE for many years occupied a high place among the most honored of America's citizens. As a preacher he ranks among the foremost in the New England states, but to the gen- eral public he is best known through his writings. Born in Boston, Mass., April 3, 80 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 1822, a descendant of one of the most prominent New England families, he enjoyed in his youth many of the advantages denied the majority of boys. He received his pre- paratory schooling at the Boston Latin School, after which he finished his studies at Harvard where he was graduated with high honors in 1839. Having studied theology at home, Mr. Hale embraced the ministry and in 1846 became pastor of a Unitarian •church in Worcester, Massachusetts, a post which he occupied about ten years. He then, in 1856, became pastor of the South Congregational church in Boston, over which he presided many years. Mr. Hale also found time to write a great many literary works of a high class. Among many other well-known productions ?f his are " The Rosary," " Margaret Per- cival in America." "Sketches of Christian iistory," "Kansas and Nebraska," " Let- ,;ers on Irish Emigration," " Ninety Days' Worth of Europe," " If, Yes, and Perhaps," •'Ingham Papers," "Reformation," "Level 8est and Other Stories, " ' ' Ups and Downs, " "Christmas Eve and Christmas Day," " In His Name," "Our New Crusade," "Work- ingmen's Homes," " Boys' Heroes," etc., etc., besides many others which might be mentioned. One of his works, " In His Name," has earned itself enduring fame by the good deeds it has called forth. The numerous associations known as ' "The King's Daughters," which has accomplished much good, owe their existence to the story men- tioned. DAVID GLASCOE FARRAGUT stands pre-eminent as one of the greatest na- val officers of the world. He was born at Campbell's Station, East Tennessee, July 5, 1 80 1, and entered the navy of the United States as a midshipman. He had the good fortune to serve under Captain David Por- ter, who commanded the " Essex," and by whom he was taught the ideas of devotion to duty from which he never swerved dur- ing all his career. In 1823 Mr. Farragut took part in a severe fight, the result of which was the suppression of piracy in the West Indies. He then entered upon the regular duties of his profession which was only broken into by a year's residence with Charles Folsom, our consul at Tunis, who was afterwards a distinguished professor at Harvard. Mr. Farragut was one of the best linguists in the navy. He had risen through the different grades of the service until the war of 1861-65 found him a captain resid- ing at Norfolk, Virginia. He removed with his family to Hastings, on the Hudson, and hastened to offer his services to the Federal government, and as the capture of New Orleans had been resolved upon, Farragut was chosen to command the expedition. His force consisted of the West Gulf block- ading squadron and Porter's mortar flotilla. In January, 1862, he hoisted his pennant at the mizzen peak of the "Hartford" at Hampton roads, set sail from thence on the 3rd of February and reached Ship Island on the 20th of the same month. A council of war was held on the 20th of April, in which' it was decided that whatever was to be done must be done quickly. Thesignal was made from the flagship and accordingly the fleet weighed anchor at 1:55 on the morning of April 24th, and at 3:30 the whole force was- underway. The history of this brilliant strug- gle is well known, and the glory of it made Far- ragut a hero and also made him rear admir- al. In the summer of 1 862 he ran the batteries at Vicksburg, and on March 14. 1863, he- passed through the fearful and destructive fire from Port Hudson, and opened up com- munication with Flag-officer Porter, who- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. m had control of the upper Mississippi. On May 24th he commenced active operations against that fort in conjunction with the army and it fell on July 9th. Mr. Farragut filled the measure of his fame on the 5th of Au- gust, 1864, by his great victory, the capture of Mobile Bay and the destruction of the Confederate fleet, including the formidable ram Tennessee. For this victory the rank of admiral was given to Mr. Farragut. He died at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Au- gust 4, 1S70. GEORGE W. CHILDS, a philanthropist whose remarkable personality stood for the best and highest type of American citizenship, and whose whole life was an object lesson in noble living, was born in 1829 at Baltimore, Maryland, of humble parents, and spent his early life in unremit- ting toil. He was a self-made man in the fullest sense of the word, and gained his great wealth by his own efforts. He was a man of very great influence, and this, in conjunction with his wealth, would have been, in the hands of other men, a means of getting them political preferment, but Mr. Childs steadily declined any suggestions that would bring him to figure prominently in public affairs. He did not choose to found a financial dynasty, but devoted all his powers to the helping of others, with the most enlightened beneficence and broadest sympathy. Mr. Childs once remarked that his greatest pleasure in life was in doing good to others. He always despised mean- ness, and one of his objects of life was to prove that a man could be liberal and suc- cessful at the same time. Upon these lines Mr. Childs made a name for himself as the director of one of the representative news- papers of America, "The Philadelphia Pub- lic Ledger," which was owned jointly by 5 himself and the Drexel estate, and which he edited for thirty years. He acquired con- trol of the paper at a time when it was be- ing published at a heavy loss, set it upon a firm basis of prosperity, and he made it more than a money-making machine — he made it respected as an exponent of the best side of journalism, and it stands as a monument to his sound judgment and up- right business principles. Mr. Childs' char- itable repute brought him many applications for assistance, and he never refused to help any one that was deserving of aid; and not only did he help those who asked, but he would by careful inquiry find those who needed aid but were too proud to solicit it. He was a considerable employer of labor, and his liberality was almost unparalleled. The death of this great and good man oc- curred February 3d, 1894. PATRICK HENRY won his way to un- dying fame in the annals of the early history of the United States by introducing into the house of burgesses his famous reso- lution against the Stamp Act, which he car- ried through, after a stormy debate, by a majority of one. At this time he exclaimed ' ' Caesar had his Brutus, Charles I his Crom- well and George III " (here he was inter- rupted by cries of " treason ") " may profit by their example. If this be treason make the most of it." Patrick Henry was born at Studley, Hanover county, Virginia, May 29, 1736, and was a son of Colonel John Henry, a magistrate and school teacher of Aberdeen, Scotland, and a nephew of Robertson, the historian. He received his education from his father, and was married at the age of eighteen. He was twice bankrupted before he had reached his twenty-fourth year, when after six weeks of study he was admitted ta 84 COMPEKBICM OF .£IOGRAPHr the bar. He worked for three years with- out a case and finally was applauded for his plea lor the people's rights and gained im- mense popularity. After his famous Stamp Act resolution he was the leader of the pa- triots in Virginia. In 1769 he was admitted to practice in the general courts and speed- ily won a fortune by his distinguished ability as a speaker. He was the first speaker of the General Congress at Philadelphia in 1774. He was for a time a colonel of militia in I775- and from 1776 to I779 and 1 78 1 to 17S6 he was governor of Virginia. For a number of years he retired from pub- lic life and was tendered and declined a number of important political offices, and in March, 17S9, he was elected state senator but aid not take his seat on account of his death which occurred at Red Hill, Charlotte county, Virginia, June 6, 1799- BENEDICT ARNOLD, an American general and traitor of the Revolution- ary war, is one of the noted characters in Ameiican history. He was born in Nor- wich. Connecticut, January 3, I740- He ran away and enlisted in the army when young, but deserted in a short time. He then became a merchant at New Haven, Connecticut, but failed. In 1775 he was commissioned colonel in the Massachusetts militia, and in the autumn of that year was placed in command of one thousand men for the invasion of Canada. He marched his army through the forests of Maine and joined General Montgomery before Quebec. Their combined forces attacked that city on December 31, 1775- and Montgomery was killed, and Arnold, severely wounded, was compelled to retreat and endure a rigorous winter a few miles from the city, where they were at the mercy of the Canadian troops had they cared to attack them. On his re- turn he was raised to the rank of brigadier- general. He was given command of a small flotilla on Lake Champlain, with which he encountered an immense force, and though defeated, performed many deeds of valor. He resented the action of congress in pro- moting a number of his fellow officers and neglecting himself. In 1777 he was made major-general, and under General Gates at Bemis Heights fought valiantly. For some reason General Gates found fault with his conduct and ordered him under arrest, and he was kept in his tent until the battle of Stillwater was waxing hot, when Arnold mounted his horse and rode to the front of his old troop, gave command to charge, and rode like a mad man into the thickest of the fight and was not overtaken by Gates' courier until he had routed the enemy and fell wounded. Upon his recovery he was made general, and was placed in command at Philadelphia. Here he married, and his acts of rapacity soon resulted in a court- martial. He was sentenced to be repri- manded by the commander-in-chief, and though Washington performed this duty with utmost delicacy and consideration, it was never forgiven. Arnold obtained com- mand at West Point, the most important post held by the Americans, in 1 780, and immediately offered to surrender it to Sir Henry Clinton, British commander at New York. Major Andre was sent to arrange details with Arnold, but on his return trip to New York he was captured by Americans, the plot was detected, and Andre suffered the death penalty as a spy. Arnold es- caped, and was paid about $40,000 by the British for his treason and was made briga- dier-general. He afterward commanded an expedition that plundered a portion of Vir- ginia, and another that burned New Lon- don, Connecticut, and captured Fort Trum- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPJir 85 bull, the commandant of which Arnold mur- dered with the sword he had just surren- dered. He passed the latter part of his life in England, universally despised, and died in London June 14, iSoi. ROBERT G. IXGERSOLL, one of the most brilliant orators that America has produced, also a lawjer of considerable merit, won most of his fame as a lecturer. Mr. Ingersoll was born August 24, 1833, at Dr\ den. Gates county, New York, and received his education in the common schools. He went west at the age of twelve, and for a short time he attended an academy in Tennessee, and also taught school in that state. He began the practice of law in the southern part of Illinois in 1854. Colonel Ingersoll's principal fame was made in the lecture room by his lectures in which he ridiculed religious faith and creeds and criti- cised the Bible and the Christian religion. He was the orator of the day in the Decora- tion Day celebration in the citj" of New York in 1882 and his oration was widel}- com- mended. He first attracted political notice in the convention at Cincinnati in 1876 by his brilliant eulogy on James G. Blaine. He practiced law in Peoria, Illinois, for a num- ber of years, but later located in the city of New York. He published the follow- ing: "The Gods and other Lectures;" "The Ghosts;" "Some Mistakes of Moses;" "What Shall I Do To Be Saved;" "Inter- views on Talmage and Presbyterian Cate- chism ;" The "North American Review Controversy;" "Prose Poems;" " A Vision of War;" etc. JOSEPH ECCLESTON JOHNSTON, a noted general in the Confederate army, was born in Prince Edward county, ^'irginia, in 1S07. He graduated from West Point and entered the army in 1829. For a num- ber of years his chief service was garrison duty. He saw active service, however, in the Seminole war in Florida, part of the time as a staff officer of General Scott. He resigned his commission in 1837, but re- turned to the army a year later, and was brevetted captain for gallant services in Florida. He was made first lieutenant of topographical engineers, and was engaged in river and harbor improvements and also in the survey of the Te.xas boundary and the northern boundary of the United States until the beginning of the war with Mexico. He was at the siege of Vera Cruz, and at the battle of Cerro Gordo was wounded while reconnoitering the enemy's position, after which he was brevetted major and colonel. He was in all the battles about the city of Me.xico, and was again wounded in the final assault upon that cit\\ After the Mexican war closed he returned to duty as captain of topographical engineers, but in 1855 he was made lieutenant-colonel of cavalry and did frontier duty, and was ap- pointed inspector-general of the expedition to Utah. In i860 he was appointed quar- termaster-general with rank of brigadier- general. At the outbreak of hostilities in 1 86 1 he resigned his commission and re- ceived the appointment of major-general of the Confederate arm\-. He held Harpers Ferrj-, and later fought General Patterson about Winchester. At the battle of Bull Run he declined command in favor of Beau- regard, and acted under that general's direc- tions. He commanded the Confederates in the famous Peninsular campaign, and was severely wounded at Fair Oaks and was succeeded in command by General Lee. Upon his recovery he was made lieutenant- general and assigned to the command of the southwestern department. He attempted «6 COMPENDIUM OF BI0GRAPH2'. to raise the siege of Vicksburg, and was finally defeated at Jackson, Mississippi. Having been made a general he succeeded General Bragg in command of the army of Tennessee and was ordered to check General Sherman's advance upon Atlanta. Not daring to risk a battle with the overwhelm- ing forces of Sherman, he slowly retreated toward Atlanta, and was relieved of com- mand by President Davis and succeeded by General Hood. Hood utterly destroyed his own army by three furious attacks upon Sherman. Johnston was restored to com- mand in the Carolinas, and again faced Sherman, but was defeated in several en- gagements and continued a slow retreat toward Richmond. Hearing of Lee's sur- render, he communicated with General Sherman, and finally surrendered his army at Durham, North Carolina, April 26, 1865. General Johnston was elected a member of the forty-sixth congress and was ap- pointed United States railroad commis- sioner in 1885. His death occurred March 21, 1 891. SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS, known throughout the civilized world as "Mark Twain," is recognized as one of the greatest huinorists America has pro- duced. He was born in Monroe county, Missouri, November 30, 1835. Hespenthis boyhood days in his native state and many of his earlier experiences are related in vari- ous forms in his later writings. One of his early acquaintances, Capt. Isaiah Sellers, at an early day furnished river news for the New Orleans " Picayune," using the noui- de-pliime of "Mark Twain." Sellers died in 1863 and Clemens took up his iioiii-dc- pliimc and made it famous throughout the world by his literary work. In 1862 Mr. 'Clemens became a journalist at Virginia, Nevada, and afterward followed the same pro- fession at San Francisco and Buffalo, New York. He accumulated a fortune from the sale of his many publications, but in later years engaged in business enterprises, partic- ularly the manufacture of a typesetting ma- chine, which dissipated his fortune and re- duced him almost to poverty, but with resolute heart he at once again took up his pen and engaged in literary work in the effort to regain his lost ground. Among the best known of his works may be mentioned the fol- lowing: ' ' The Jumping Frog, " ' ' Tom Saw- yer," " Roughingit," " Innocents Abroad," "Huckleberry Finn," "Gilded Age," "Prince and Pauper," "Million Pound Bank Note," "A Yankee in King Arthur's Court," etc. CHRISTOPHER CARSON. better known as "Kit Carson;" was an Amer- ican trapper and scout who gained a wide reputation for his frontier work. He was a native of Kentucky, born December 24th, 1809. He grew to manhood there, devel- oping a natural inclination for adventure in the pioneer experiences in his native state. When yet a young man he became quite well known on the frontier. He served as a guide to Gen. Fremont in his Rocky Mountain explorations and enlisted in the army. He was an officer in the United States service in both the Mexican war and the great Civil war, and in the latter received a brevet of brigadier-general for meritorious service. His death occurred May 23, 1868. JOHN SHERMAN.— Statesman, politi- cian, cabinet officer andsenator, the name of the gentleman who heads this sketch is al- J most a household word throughout this | country. Identified with some of the most J COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 87 important measures adopted by our Govern- ment since the close of the Civil war, he may well be called one of the leading men of his day. John Sherman was born at Lancaster, Fairfield county, Ohio, May loth, 1823, the son of Charles R. Sherman, an emi- nent lawyer and judge of the supreme court of Ohio and who died in 1829. The subject of this article received an academic educa- tion and was admitted to the bar in 1844. In the Whig conventions of 1844 and 1848 he sat as a delegate. He was a member of the National house of representatives, from 1855 to 1861. In i860 he was re- elected to the same position but was chosen United States senator before he took his seat in the lower house. He was re-elected senator in 1866 and 1872 and was long chairman of the committee on finance and on agriculture. He took a prominent part in debates on finance and on the conduct of the war, and was one of the authors of the reconstruction measures in 1866 and 1867, and was appointed secretary of the treas- ury March 7th, 1877. Mr. Sherman was re-elected United States senator from Ohio January i8th, 1881, and again in 1886 and 1892, during which time he was regarded as one of the most promi- nent leaders of the Republican party, both in the senate and in the country. He was several times the favorite of his state for the nomination for president. On the formation of his cabinet in March, 1897, President McKinley tendered the posi- tion of secretary of state to Mr. Sherman, which was accepted. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, ninth president of the United States, was born in Charles county, Virginia, February 9' 1773. the son of Governor Benjamin Harrison. He took a course in Hampden- Sidney College with a view to the practice of medicine, and then went to Philadelphia to study under Dr. Rush, but in 1791 he entered the army, and obtained the commis- sion of ensign, was soon promoted to the lieutenancy, and was with General Wayne in his war against the Indians. For his valuable service he was promoted to the rank of captain and given command of Fort Washington, now Cincinnati. He was ap- pointed secretary of the Northwest Territory in 1797, and in 1799 became its representa- tive in congress. In 1801 he was appointed governor of Indiana Territory, and held the position for twelve years, during which time he negotiated important treaties with the In- dians, causing them to relinquish millions of acres of land, and also won the battle of Tippecanoe in 181 1. He succeeded in obtaining a change in the law which did not permit purchase of public lands in less tracts than four thousand acres, reducing the limit to three hundred and twenty acres. He became major-general of Kentucky militia and brigadier-general in the United States army in 1812, and won great renown in the defense of Fort Meigs, and his victory over the British and Indians under Proctor and Tecumseh at the Thames river, October 5, 1813- In 1 816 General Harrison was elected to congress from Ohio, and during the canvass was accused of corrupt methods in regard to the commissariat of the army. He demanded an investigation after the election and was exonerated. In 1819 he was elected to the Ohio state senate, and in 1824 he gave his vote as a presidential elector to Henry Clay. He became a member of the United States senate the same year. During the last year of Adams' administration he was sent as minister to Colombia, but was re- 88 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. called by President Jackson the following year. He then retired to his estate at North Bend, Ohio, a few miles below Cincinnati. In 1836 he was a candidate for tiie presidency, but as there were three other candidates the votes were divided, he receiving seventy- three electoral votes, a majority going to Mr. Van Buren, the Democratic candidate. Four years later General Harrison was again nominated by the Whigs, and elected by a tremendous majority. The campaign was noted for its novel features, many of which have found a permanent place in subsequent campaigns. Those peculiar to that cam- paign, however, were the ' ' log-cabin " and "hard cider" watchwords, which produced great enthusiasm among his followers. One month after his inauguration he died from an attack of pleurisy, April 4, 1841. CHARLES A. DANA, the well-known and widely-read journalist of New York City, a native of Hinsdale, New Hampshire, was born August 8, 18 19. He received the elements of a good education in his youth and studied for two years at Harvard University. Owing to some disease of the eyes he was unable to complete his course and graduate, but was granted the degree of A. M. notwithstanding. For some time he was editor of the " Harbinger," and was a regular contributor to the Boston " Chrono- type." In 1847 he became connected with the New York " Tribune," and continued on the staff of that journal until 1858. In the latter year he edited and compiled "The Household Book of Poetry," and later, in connection with George Ripley, edited the "New American Cyclopa;dia." Mr. Dana, on severing his connection with the " Tribune " in 1867, became editor of the New York "Sun," a paper with which he was identified for many years, and which he made one of the leaders of thought in the eastern part of the United States. He wielded a forceful pen and fearlessly attacked whatever was corrupt and unworthy in politics, state or national. The same year, 1867, Mr. Dana organized the New York "Sun " Company. During the troublous days of the war, when the fate of the Nation depended upon the armies in the field, Mr. Dana accepted the arduous and responsible position of assistant secretary of war, and held the position during the greater part of 1863 and 1864. He died October 17, 1897. ASA GRAY was recognized throughout the scientific world as one of the ablest and most eminent of botanists. He was born at Paris, Oneida county, New York, November 18, 1810. He received his medi- cal degree at the Fairfield College of Physi- cians and Surgeons, in Herkimer county. New York, and studied botany with the late Professor Torrey, of New York. He was appointed botanist to the Wilkes expedition in 1834, but declined the offer and became professor of natural history in Harvard Uni- versity in 1842. He retired from the active duties of this post in 1873, and in 1S74 he was the regent of the Smithsonian Institu- tion at Washington, District of Columbia. Dr. Gray wrote several books on the sub- ject of the many sciences of which he was master. In 1836 he published his " Ele- ments of Botany," " Manual of Botany" in 1848; the unfinished "Flora of North America," by himself and Dr. Torrey, the publication of which commenced in 1838. There is another of his unfinished works called "Genera Boreali-Americana," pub- lished in 1848, and the "Botany of the United States Pacific Exploring Expedition in 1854." He wrote many elaborate papers COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 89 on the botany of the west and southwest that were pubHshed in the Smithsonian Con- tributions, Memoirs, etc., of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, of which in- stitution he was president for ten years. lie was also the author of many of the government reports. ' ' How Plants Grow, " "Lessons in Botany," " Structural and Sys- tematic Botany," are also works from his leady pen. Dr. Gray published in 1861 his "Free Examination of Darwin's Treatise " and his " Darwiniana," in 1876. Mr. Gray was elected July 29, 1878, to a membership in the Institute of France, Academy of Sciences. His death occurred at Cambridge, Massa- chusetts, January 30, 1889. WILLIAM MAXWELL EVARTS was one of the greatest leaders of the Anierican bar. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, February 6, 1818, and grad- uated from Yale College in 1837. He took up the study of law, which he practiced in the city of New York and won great renown as an orator and advocate. He affiliated with the Republican party, which he joined soon after its organization. He was the leading counsel employed for the defense of ..-.esident Johnson in his trial for inipeach- .rjsnt before the senate in April and May of 1 868. In July, 1868, Mr. Evarts was appointed attorney-general of the United States, and served until March 4, 1869. He was one of the three lawyers who were selected by President Grant in 1871 to defend the inter- ests of the citizens of the United States be- fore the tribunal of arbitration which met at Geneva in Switzerland to settle the con- troversy over the " Alabama Claims." He was one of the most eloquent advo- cates in the United States, and many of his public addresses have been preserved and published. He was appointed secretary of state March 7, 1877, by President Hayes, and served during the Hayes administration. He was elected senator from the state of New York January 21, 1885, and at once took rank among the ablest statesmen in Congress, and the prominent part he took in the discussion of public questions gave him a national reputation. JOHN WANAMAKER.— The life of this er 12, 181 5, at Johnstown, New York. She was educated at the Johnstown Academy, i^'here she studied with a class of boys, and was fitted for college at the age of fifteen, tifter which she pursued her studies at Mrs. Willard's Seminary, at Troy. Her atten- tion was called to the disabilities of her sex by her own educational experiences, and through a study of Blackstone, Story, and Kent. Miss Cady was married to Henry B. Stanton in 1840, and accompanied him to the world's anti-slavery convention in Lon- don. While there she made the acquain- tance of Lucretia Mott. Mrs. Stanton resided at Boston until 1847, when the family moved to Seneca Falls, New York, and she and Lucretia Mott signed the first call for a woman's rights convention. The meeting was held at her place of residence July 19-20, 1848. This was the first oc- casion of a formal claim of suffrage for women that was made. Mrs. Stanton ad- dressed the New York legislature, in 1854, on the rights of married women, and in i860, in advocacy of the granting of di- vorce for drunkenness. She also addressed the legislature and the constitutional con- vention, and maintained that during the revision of the constitution the state was resolved into its original elements, and that all citizens had, therefore, a right to vote for the members of that convention. After 1869 Mrs. Stanton frequently addressed congressional committees and state consti- tutional conventions, and she canvassed Kansas, Michigan, and other states when the question of woman suffrage was sub- mitted in those states. Mrs. Stanton was one of the editors of the " Revolution," and most of the calls and resolutions for con- ventions have come from her pen. She was president of the national committee, also of the \\'oman's Loyal League, and of the National Association, for many years. DAVID DUDLEY FIELD, a great American jurist was born in Connecti- cut in 1805. He en.o.c^a Williams College when sixteen years old, and commenced the study of law in 1825. In 1828 he was ad- mitted to the bar, and went to New York, where he soon came into prominence be- fore the bar of that state. He entered upon the labor of reforming the practice and procedure, which was then based upon the common law practice of England, and had become extremely complicated, difficult and uncertain in its application. His first paper on this subject was published in 1839, and after eight years of continuous efforts in this direction, he was appointed one of a com- mission by New York to reform the practice of that state. The result was embodied in the two codes of procedure, civil and crimi- nal, the first of which was adopted almost entire by the state of New York, and has since been adopted by more than half the states in the Union, and became the basis of the new practice and procedure in Eng- land, contained in the Judicature act. He ll lit COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 127 was later appointed chairman of a new com- mission to codify the entire body of laws. This great work employed many years in its completion, but when finished it embraced a civil, penal, and political code, covering the entire field of American laws, statutory and common. This great body of law was adopted by California and Dakota territory in its entirety, and many other states have since adopted its substance. In 1867 the British Association for Social Science heard a proposition from Mr. Field to prepare an international code. This led to the prepara- tion of his " Draft Outlines of an Interna- tional Code, "which was in fact a complete body of international laws, and introduced the principle of arbitration. Other of his -codes of the state of New York have since been adopted by that state. In addition to his great works on law, Mr. Field indulged his literary tastes by fre- quent contributions to general literature, and his articles on travels, literature, and the political questions of the hour gave him rank with the best writers of his time. His father was the Rev. David Dudley Field, and his brothers were Cyrus W. Field, Rev. Henry Martin Field, and Justice Stephen J. Field of the United States supreme court. David Dudley Field died at New York, April 13, 1S94. HENRY M. TELLER, a celebrated American politician, and secretary of the interior under President Arthur, was born May 23, 1830, in Allegany county, New York. He was of Hollandish ancestry and received an excellent education, after which he took up the study of law and was ad- mitted to the bar in the state of New York. Mr. Teller removed to Illinois in January, 1858, and practiced for three years in that state. From thence he moved to Colorado in 1 86 1 and located at Central City, which was then one of the principal mining towns in the state. His exceptional abilities as a lawyer soon brought him into prominence and gained for him a numerous and profit- able clientage. In politics he affiliated with the Republican party, but declined to become a candidate for office until the admission of Colorado into the Union as a state, when he was elected to the United States senate. Mr. Teller drew the term ending March 4, 1877, but was re-elected December 11, 1876, and served until April 17, 1882, when he was appointed by President Arthur as secretary of the interior. He accepted a cabinet position with reluctance, and on March 3, 1885, he retired from the cabinet, having been elected to the senate a short time before to succeed Nathaniel P. Hill. Mr. Teller took his seat on March 4, 1885, in the senate, to which he was afterward re-elected. He served as chairman on the committee of pensions, patents, mines and mining, and was also a member of commit- tees on claims, railroads, privileges and elections and public lands. Mr. Teller came to be recognized as one of the ablest advo- cates of the silver cause. He was one of the delegates to the Republican National conven- tion at St. Louis in 1896, in which he took an active part and tried to have a silver plank inserted in the platform of the party. Failing in this he felt impelled to bolt the convention, which he did and joined forces with the great silver movement in the cam- paign which followed, being recognized in that campaign as one of the most able and eminent advocates of "silver" in America. JOHN ERICSSON, an eminent inven- tor and machinist, who won fame in America, was born in Sweden, July 31, 1803. In early childhood he evinced a decided in- 128 COMPENDIUM or BIOGRAPHY. clmation to mechanical pursuits, and at the age of eleven he was appointed to a cadet- ship i.i the engineer corps, and at the age of seventeen was promoted to a lieutenancy. In 1826 he introduced a "flame engine," which he had invented, and offered it to English capitalists, but it was found that it could be operated only by the use of wood for fuel. Shortly after this he resigned his commission in the army of Sweden, and de- voted himself to mechanical pursuits. He discovered and introduced the principle of artificial draughts in steam boilers, and re- ceived a prize of two thousand five hundred dollars for his locomotive, the "Novelty," which attained a great speed, for that day. The artificial draught effected a great saving in fuel and made unnecessary the huge smoke-stacks formerly used, and the princi- ple is still applied, in modified form, in boil- ers. He also invented a steam fire-engine, and later a hot-air engine, which he at- tempted to apply in the operation of his ship, "Ericsson," but as it did not give the speed required, he abandoned it, but after- wards applied it to machinery for pumping, hoisting, etc. Ericsson was first to apply the screw propeller to navigation. The English peo- ple not receiving this new departure readily, Ericsson came to America in 1839, and built the United States steamer, "Prince- ton," in which the screw-propeller was util- ized, the first steamer ever built in which the propeller was under water, out of range of the enemy's shots. The achievement which gave him greatest renown, however, was the ironclad vessel, the " Monitor," an er.tirely new type of vessel, which, in March, 1862, attacked the Confederate monster ironclad ram, " Virginia," and after a fierce struggle, compelled her to withdraw from Hampton Roads for repairs. After the war one of his most noted inventions was his vessel, " Destroyer," with a submarine gun, which carried a projectile torpedo. In 1886 the king of Spain conferred on him the grand cross of the Order of Naval Merit. He died in March, 1889, and his body was transferred, with naval honors, to the country of his birth. JAMES BUCHANAN, the fifteenth presi- dent of the United States, was a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in Franklin county, April 23, 1791. He was of Irish ancestry, his father having come to this country in 1783, in quite humble circum- stances, and settled in the western part of the Keystone state. James Buchanan remained in his se- cluded home for eight years, enjoying but few social or intellectual advantages. His parents were industrious and frugal, and prospered, and, in 1799, the family removed to Mercersbur Pennsylvania, where he was placed in school. His progress was rapid, and in 1801 he entered Dickinson College, at Carlisle, where he took his place among the best scholars in the institution. In 1809 he graduated with the highest hon- ors in his class. He was then eighteen, tall, graceful and in vigorous health. He com- menced the study of law at Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar in 181 2. He rose very rapidly in his profession and took a stand with the ablest of his fellow lawyers. When but twenty-six years old he success- fully defended, unaided by counsel, one of the judges of the state who was before the bar of the state senate under articles of im- peachment. During the war of 1 812-15, Mr. Buch- anan sustained the government with all his power, eloquently urging the vigorous prose- cution of the war, and enlisted as a private COMPENDJUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 129 volunteer to assist in repelling the British who had sacked and burned the public buildings of Washington and threatened Baltimore. At that time Buchanan was a Federalist, but the opposition of that party to the war with Great Britain and the alien and sedition laws of John Adams, brought that party into disrepute, and drove many, among them Buchanan, into the Re- publican, or anti-Federalist ranks. He was elected to congress in 1828. In 1831 he was sent as minister to Russia, and upon his return to this country, in 1833, was ele- vated to the United States senate, and re- mained in that position for twelve years. Upon the accession of President Polk to office he made Mr. Buchanan secretary of state. Four years later he retired to pri- vate life, and in 1853 he was honored with the mission to England. In 1S56 the na- tional Democratic convention nominated him for the presidency and he was elected. It was during his administration that the rising tide of the secession movement over- took the country. Mr. Buchanan declared that the national constitution gave him no power to do anything against the movement to break up the Union. After his succession by Abraham Lincoln in i860, Mr. Buchanan retired to his home at Wheatland, Pennsyl- vania, where he died June i, 1868. JOHN HARVARD, the founder of the kJ Harvard University, was born in Eng- land about the year 1608. He received his education at Emanuel College, Cambridge, and came to America in 1637, settling in Massachusetts. He was a non-conformist minister, and a tract of land was set aside for him in Charlestown, near Boston. He was at once appointed one of a committee to formulate a body of laws for the colony. One year before his arrival in the colony the general court had voted the sum of four hundred pounds toward the establishment of a school or college, half of which was to be paid the next year In 1637 preliminary plans were made for starting the school. In 1638 John Harvard, who had shown great interest in the new institution of learning proposed, died, leaving his entire property, about twice the sum originally voted, to the school, together with three hundred volumes as a nucleus for a library. The institution was then given the name of Harvard, and established at Newton (now Cambridge), Massachusetts. It grew to be one of the two principal seats of learning in the new world, and has maintained its reputation since. It now consists of twenty-two separate build- ings, and its curriculum embraces over one hundred and seventy elective courses, and it ranks among the great universities of the world. ROGER BROOKE TANEY, a noted jurist and chief justice of the United States supreme court, was born in Calvert county, Maryland, March 17, 1777. He graduated fiom Dickinson College at the age of eighteen, took up the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1799. He was chosen to the legislature from his county, and in 180 1 removed to Frederick, Mary- land. , He became United States senator from Maryland in 1816, and took up his permanent residence in Baltimore a few years later. In 1824 he became an ardent admirer and supporter of Andrew Jackson, and upon Jackson's election to the presi- dency, was appointed attorney general of the United States. Two years later he was appointed secretary of the treasury, and after serving in that capacity for nearly one year, the senate refused to confirm the ap- pointment. In 1835, upon the death of 180 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. Chief-justice Marshal!, he was appointed to that place, and a political change having occurred in the make up of the senate, he was confirmed in 1836. He presided at his first session in January of the following year. The case which suggests itself first to the average reader in connection with this jurist is the celebrated " Dred Scott " case, which came before the supreme court for decision in 1856. In his opinion, delivered on behalf of a majority of the court, one remarkable statement occurs as a result of an exhaustive survey of the historical grounds, to the effect that " for more than a century prior to the adoption of the con- stitution they (Africans) had been regarded so far inferior that they had no rights which a white man was bound to respect." Judge Taney retained the office of chief justice until his death, in 1864. JOHN LOTHI^OP MOTLEY.— This gen- tleman had a world-wide reputation as an historian, which placed him in the front rank of the great men of America. He was born April 15, 18 14, at Dorchester, Massa- chusetts, was given a thorough preparatory education and then attended Harvard, from which he was graduated in 1831. He also studied at Gottingen and Berlin, read law and in 1836 was admitted to the bar. In 1 84 1 he was appointed secretary of the legation at St. Petersburg, and in 1866-67 served as United Sta*^es minister to Austria, serving in the same capacity during 1869 and 1870 to England. In 1856, after lon^' and exhaustive research and preparation, he published in London "The Rise of the Dutch Republic." It embraced three vol- umes and immediately attracted great at- tention throughout Europe and America as a work of unusual merit. From 1861 to 1868 he produced "The History of the United Netherlands," in four volumes. Other works followed, with equal success, and his position as one of the foremost his- torians and writers of his day was firmly established. His death occured May 29, 1877- ELIAS HOWE, the inventor of the sew- ing machine, well deserves to be classed among the great and noted men of Amer- ica. He was the son of a miller and farmer and was born at Spencer, Massacnusetts, July 9, 1819. In 1835 he went to Lowell and worked there, and later at Boston, in the machine shops. His first sewing machine was completed in 1845, and he patented it in 1846, laboring with the greatest persistency in spite of poverty and hardships, working for a time as an engine driver on a railroad at pauper wages and with broken health. He then spent two years of unsuccessful ex- ertion in England, striving in vain to bring his invention into public notice and use. He returned to the United States in almost hopeless poverty, to find that his patent had been violated. At last, however, he found friends who assisted him financially, and after years of litigation he made good his claims in the courts in i 854. His inven- tion afterward brought him a large fortune. During the Civil war he volunteered as a private in the Seventeenth Connecticut Vol- unteers, and served for some time. During his life time he received the cross of the Legion of Honor and many other medals. His death occurred October 3, 1867, at Brooklyn, New York. PHILLIPS BROOKS, celebrated as an eloquent preacher and able pulpit ora- tor, was born in Boston on the 13th day of December, 1835. He received excellent COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 131 educational advantages, and graduated at Harvard in 1855. Early in life he decided upon the ministry as his life work and studied theology in the Episcopal Theolog- ical Seminary, at Alexandria, Virginia. In 1859 he was ordained and the same year became pastor of the Church of the Advent, in Philadelphia. Three years later he as- sumed the pastorate of the Church of the Holy Trinity, where he remained until 1870. At the expiration of that time he accepted the pastoral charge of Trinity Church in Boston, where his eloquence and ability at- tracted much attention and built up a pow- erful church organization. Dr. Brooks also devoted considerable time to lecturing and literary work and attained prominence in these lines. WILLIAM B. ALLISON, a statesman of national reputation and one of the leaders of the Republican party, was born March 2, 1829, at Perry, Ohio. He grew up on his father's farm, which he assisted in cultivating, and attended the district school. When si.xteen years old he went to the academy at Wooster, and subse- quently spent a year at the Allegheny Col- lege, at Meadville, Pennsylvania. . He ne.xt taught school and spent another year at the Western Reserve College, at Hudson, Ohio. Mr. Allison then took up the study of law at Wooster, where he was admitted to the bariniS5i, and soon obtained a position as deputy county clerk. His political lean- ings were toward the old line Whigs, who afterward laid the foundation of the Repub- lican party. He was a delegate to the state convention in 1S56, in the campaign of which he supported Fremont for president. Mr Allison removed to Dubuque, Iowa, in the following year. He rapidly rose to prominence at the bar and in politics. In i860 he was chosen as a delegate to the Republican convention held in Chicago, of which he was elected one of the secretaries. At the outbreak of the civil war he was ap- pointed on the staff of the governor. His congressional career opened in 1862, when he was elected to the thirty-eighth congress; he was re-elected three times, serving from March 4, 1863, to March 3,*i8fi. He was a member of the ways and means committee a good part of his term. His career in the United States senate began in 1873, and he rapidly* rose to eminence in national affairs, his service of a quarter of a century in that body being marked by close fealty to the Republican party. He twice declined the portfolio of the treasury tendered him by Garfield and Harrison, and his name was prominently mentioned for the presidency at several national Republican conventions. Mf 1 T 1 tUI ARY ASHTON LIVERMORE. lec- rer and writer, was born in Boston, December 19, 1821. She was the daughter of Timothy Rice, and married D. P. Liver- more, a preacher of the Universalist church. She contributed able articles to many of the most noted periodicals of this country and England. During the Civil war she labored zealously and with success on behalf of the sanitary commission which played so impor- tant a part during that great struggle. She became editor of the " ^^'oman's Journal," published at Boston in 1870. She held a prominent place as a public speaker and writer on woman's suffrage, temperance, social and religious questions, and her influence was great in every cause she advocated. JOHN B. COUGH, a noted temperance lecturer, who won his fame in America, was born in the village of Sandgate, Kent, 132 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHr. England, August 22, 1817. He came to the United States at the age of twelve. He {oUowed the trade of bookbinder, and lived in great poverty on account of the liquor habit. In 1843, however, he re- formed, and began his career as a temper- ance lecturer. He worked zealously in the cause of temperance, and his lectures and published articles revealed great earnestness. He formed temperance societies throughout the entire country, and labored with great success. He visited England in the same cause about the year 1853 and again in 1878. He also lectured upon many other topics, in which he attained a wide reputa- tion. His death occurred February 18, 1886. THOMAS BUCHANAN READ, author, sculptor and painter, was born in Ches- ter county, Pennsylvania, March 12, 1822. He early evinced a taste for art, and began the study of sculpture in Cincinnati. Later he found painting more to his liking. He went to New York, where he followed this profession, and later to Boston. In 1846 he located in Philadelphia. He visited Italy in 1850, and studied at Florence, where he resided almost continuously for twenty-two years. He returned to America in 1872, and died in New York May 11 of the same year. He was the author of many heroic poems, but the one giving him the most re- nown is his famous "Sheridan's Ride," of which he has also left a representation in painting. EUGENE V. DEBS, the former famous president of the American Railway Union, and great labor leader, was born in the city of Terre Haute, Indiana, in 1855. He received his education in the public schools of that place and at the age of sixteen years began work as a painter in the Vandalia shops. After this, for some three years, he was employed as a loco- motive fireman on the same road. His first app>earance in public life was in his fll canvass for the election to the office of city clerk of Terre Haute. In this capacity he served two terms, and when twenty six years of age was elected a member of the legislature of the state of Indiana. While a member of that body he secured the passage of several bills in the interest of organized labor, of which he was always a . faithful champion. Mr. Debs' speech nominating Daniel Voorhees for the United States senate gave him a wide reputation for oratory. On the expiration of his term in the legislature, he was elected grand secre- tary and treasurer of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Fireman and filled that office for fourteen successive years. He was always an earnest advocate of confederation of railroad men and it was mainly through his efforts that the United Order of Railway Employes, composed of the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen and Conductors, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and the Switchmen's Mutual Aid Association was formed, and he became a member of its supreme council. The order was dissolved by disagreement between two of its leading orders, and then Mr. Debs conceived the idea of the American Railway Union. He worked on the details and the union came into existence in Chicago, June 20, i S93. For a time it prospered and became one of the largest bodies of railway men in the world. It won in a contest with the Great Northern Railway. In the strike made by the union in sympathy with the Pullman employes inaugurated in Chicago June 25, 1S94, and the consequent rioting, the Railway Union COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. Ib3 lost much prestige and Mr. Debs, in company with others of the officers, being held as in con - tempt of the United States courts, he suffered a sentence of six months in jail at Wood- stock, McHenry county, Illinois. In 1897 Mr. Debs, on the demise of the American Railway Union, organized the Social Democracy, an institution founded on the best lines of the communistic idea, which was to provide homes and employment for its members. JOHN G. CARLISLE, famous as a law- yer, congressman, senator and cabinet officer, was born in Campbell (now Kenton) county, Kentucky, September 5, 1835, o" ^ farm. He received the usual education oi the time and began at an early age to teach school and, at the same time, the study of law. Soon opportunity offered and he entered an office in Covington, Kentucky, and was admitted to practice at the bar in 1858. Politics attracted his attention and in 1859 he was elected to the house of rep- resentatives in the legislature of his native state. On the outbreak of the war in 1861 , he embraced the cause of the Union and was largely instrumental in preserving Kentucky to the federal cause. He resumed his legal practice for a time and declined a nomina- tion as presidential elector in 1864. In 1866 and again in. 1869 Mr. Carlisle was elected to the senate of Kentucky. He re- signed this position in 1871 and was chosen lieutenant governor of the state, which office he held until 1875. He was one of the presidential electors-at- large for Ken- tucky in 1876. He first entered congress in 1877, and soon became a prominent leader on the Democratic side of the house of rep- resentatives, and continued a member of that body through the forty-sixth, forty- seventh, forty-eighth and forty-ninth con- gresses, and was speaker of the house during the two latter. He was elected to the United States senate to succeed Senator Blackburn, and remained a member of that branch of congress until March, 1893, when he was appointed secretary of the treasury. He performed the duties of that high office until March 4, 1897, throughout the en- tire second administration of President Cleveland. His ability and many years of public service gave him a national reputa- tion. FRANCES E. WILLARD, for many years president of the -Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and a noted American lecturer and writer, was born in Rochester, New York, September 28, 1839. Graduating from the Northwestern Female College at the age of nineteen she began teaching and met with great success in many cities of the west. She was made directress of Genesee Wes- leyan Seminary at Lima, Ohio, in 1867, and four years later was elected president of the Evanston College for young ladies, a branch of the Northwestern Universitj'. During the two years succeeding 1869 she traveled extensively in Europe and the east, visiting Egypt and Palestine, and gathering materials for a valuable course of lectures, which she delivered at Chicago on her return. She became very popular, and won great influence in the temperance cause. Her work as president of the Wo- man's Christian Temperance Union greatly strengthened that society, and she made frequent trips to Europe in the interest of that cause. RICHARD OLNEY.— Among the promi- nent men who were members of the cabinet of President Cleveland in his second administration, the gentleman whose nama 134 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. heads this sketch held a leading place, oc- cupying the positions of attorney general and secretary of state. Mr. Olney came from one of the oldest and most honored New England families; the first of his ancestors to come from Eng- land settled in Massachusetts in 1635. This was Thomas Olney. He was a friend and co-religionist of Roger Williams, and when the latter moved to what is now Rhode feland, went with him and became one of the founders of Providence Plantations. Richard Olney was born in Oxford, Massachusetts, in 1835, and received the elements of his earlier education in the com- mon schools which New England is so proud of. He entered Brown University, from which he graduated in 1856, and passed the Harvard law school two years later. He began the practice of his profession with Judge B. F. Thomas, a prominent man of that locality. For years Richard Olney was regarded as one of the ablest and most learned lawyers in Massachusetts. Twice he was offered a place on the bench of the suDreme court of the state, but both times he declined. He was always a Democrat in his political tenets, and for many years was a trusted counsellor of members of that party. In 1874 J^^r. Olney was elected a member of the legislature. In 1876, during the heated presidential campaign, to strengthen the cause of Mr. Tilden in the New England states, it was intimated that m the event of that gentleman's election to tiie presidency, Mr. Olney would be attor- nev peneral. vvhen Grover Cleveland was elected presi- '*'"nt of the United States, on his inaugura- tion in March, 1893, he tendered the posi- tion of attorney general to Richard Olney. This was accepted, and that gentleman ful- filled the duties of the office until the death of Walter Q. Gresham, in May, 1895, made vacant the position of secretary of state. This post was filled by the appointment of Mr. Olney. While occupying the later office, Mr. Olney brought himself into inter- national prominence by some very able state papers. JOHN JAY KNOX, for many years comp- troller of the currency, and an eminent financier, was born in Knoxboro, Oneida county, New York, May 19, 1S28. He re- ceived a good education and graduated at Hamilton College in 1849. I'or about thirteen years he was engaged as a private banker, or in a position in a bank, where he laid the foundation of his knowledge of the laws of finance. In 1862, Salmon P. Chase, then secretary of the treasury, ap- pointed him to an office in that department of the government, and later he had charge of the mint coinage correspondence. In 1867 Mr. Knox was made deputy comptroller of the currency, and in that capacity, in 1870, he made two reports on the mint service, with a codification of the mint and coinage laws of the United States, and suggesting many important amendments These reports were ordered printed by reso- lution of congress. The bill which he pre- pared, with some slight changes, was sub- sequently passed, and has been known ini history as the " Coinage Act of 1873." In 1872 Mr. Knox wrs appointed comp- troller of the currency, and held that re- sponsible position until 1884, when he re- signed. He then accepted the position of president of the National Bank of the Re- public, of New York City, which institution, he served for many years. He was t he- author of " United States Notes," published; in 1884. In the reports spoken of above, a: history of the two United States banks iT COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 135' given, together with that of the state and national banking system, and much valuable statistical matter relating to kindred sub- jects. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE.— In the opinion of many critics Hawthorne is pronounced the foremost American novelist, and in his peculiar vein of romance is said to be without a peer. His reputation is world-wide, and his ability as a writer is recognized abroad as well as at home. He was born July 4, 1804, at Salem, Massa- chusetts. On account of feeble health he spent some years of his boyhood on a farm near Raymond, Maine. He laid the foun- dation of a liberal education in his youth, and entered Bowdoin College, from which he graduated in 1S25 in the same class with H W Longfellow and John S. C. Abbott. He then returned to Salem, where he gave his attention to literature, publishing several tales and other articles in various periodi- cals. His first venture in the field of ro- mance, " Fanshaw,'' proved a failure. In 1836 he removed to Boston, and became editor of the "American Magazine," which soon passed out of existence. In 1837 he published " Twice Told Tales," which were chiefly made up of his former contributions to magazines. In 1838-41 he held a posi- tion in the Boston custom house, but later took part in the "Brook /arm experiment," a socialistic idea after the plan of Fourier. In 1843 he was married and took up his residence at the old parsonage at Concord, Massachusetts, which he immortalized in his next work, ".Mosses From an Old Manse," published in 1846. From the lat- ter date until 1850 he was surveyor of the port of Salem, and while thus employed wrote one of his strongest works, "The Scarlet Letter." For the succeeding two 8 years Lenox, Massachusetts, was his home, and the " House of the Seven Gables" was produced there, as well as the " Blithedale Romance." In 1852 he published a "Life of Franklin Pierce," a college friend whom he warmly regarded. In 1853 he was ap- pointed United States consul to Liverpool, England, where he remained some years, after which he spent some time in Italy. On returning to his native land he took up his residence at Concord, Massachusetts. While taking a trip for his health with ex- President Pierce, he died at Plymouth, New Hampshire, May 19, 1864. In addition to the works mentioned above Mr. Hawthorne gave to the world the following books: " True Stories from History," "The Won- der Book," " The Snow Image," "Tangle- wood Tales," "The Marble Faun," and ' ' Our Old Home. " After his death appeared a series of "Notebooks," edited by his wife, Sophia P. Hawthorne; " Septimius Felton," edited by his daughter, Una, and "Dr. Grimshaw's Secret," put into shape by his talented son, Julian. He left an unfinished work called " Dolliver Romance," which has been published just as he left it. ABRAHAM LINCOLN, sixteenth presi- dent of the United States, was born February 12, 1809, in Larue county (Har- din county), Kentucky, in a log-cabin near Hudgensville. When he was eight years old he removed with his parents to Indiana, near the Ohio river, and a year later his mother died. His father then married Mrs. Elizabeth fBush) Johnston, of Elizabeth- town, Kentucky, who proved a kind of fos- ter-mother to Abraham, and encouraged him to study. He worked as a farm hand and as a clerk in a store at Gentryville, and was noted for his athletic feats and strength. fondness for debate, a fund of humorous 186 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPlir. anecdote, as well as the composition of rude verses. He made a trip at the age of nine- teen to New Orleans on a flat-boat, and set- tied in Illinois in 1830. He assisted his father to build a log house and clear a farm on the Sangamon river near Decatur, Illinois, and split the rails with which to fence it. In 185 1 he was employed in the building of a flat-boat on the Sangamon, and to run it to New Orleans. The voyage gave him anew insight into the horrors of slavery in the south. On his return he settled at New Salem and engaged, first as a clerk in a store, then as grocer, surveyor and postmaster, and he piloted the first steamboat that as- cended the Sangamon. He participated in the Black Hawk war as captain of volun- teers, and after his return he studied law, interested himself in politics, and became prominent locally as a public speaker. He was elected to the legislature in 1834 as a '• Clay Whig, " and began at once to dis- play a command of language and forcible rhetoric that made him a match for his more cultured opponents. He was ad- mitted to the bar in 1837, and began prac- tice at Springfield. He married a lady of a prominent Kentucky family in 1842. He was active in the presidential campaigns of 1840 and 1844 and was an elector on the Harrison and Clay tickets, and was elected to congress in 1846, over Peter Cartwright. He voted for the \\'ilmot proviso and the abolition of slavery in the District of Colum- bia, and opposed the war with Mexico, but gained little prominence during his two years' service. He then returned to Spring- field and devoted his attention to law, tak- ing little interest in politics, until the repeal of the Missouri compromise and the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska bill in 1854. This awakened his interest in politics again and he attacked the champion of that measure, Stephen A. Douglas, in a speech at Spring- field that made him famous, and is said by those who heard it to be the greatest speech of his life. Lincoln was selected as candidate for the United States senate, but was defeated by Trumbull. Upon the pas- sage of the Kansas- Nebraska bill the Whig party suddenly went to pieces, and the Re- publican party gathered head. At the Bloomington Republican convention in 1856 Lincoln made an effective address in which he first took a position antagonistic to the ex- istence of slavery. He was a Fremont elector and received a strong support for nomina- tion as vice-president in the Philadelphia convention. In 1858 he was the unanimous choice of the Republicans for the United States senate, and the great campaign of de- bate which followed resulted in the election of Douglas, but established Lincoln's repu- tation as the leading exponent of Republican doctrines. He began to be mentioned in Illinois as candidate for the presidency, and a course of addresses in the eastern states attracted favorable attention. When the national convention met at Chicago, his rivals, Chase, Seward, Bates and others, were compelled to retire before the western giant, and he was nominated, with Hannibal Hamlin as his running mate. The Demo- cratic party had now been disrupted, and Lincoln's election assured. He carried practically every northern state, and the secession of South Carolina, followed by a number of the gulf states, took place before his inauguration. Lincoln is the only presi- dent who was ever compelled to reach Washington in a secret manner. He es- caped assassination by avoiding Baltimore, and was quietly inaugurated March 4, 1S61. J His inaugural address was firm but con- 7 ciliatory, and he said to the secessionists: "You have no oath registered in heaven ii COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 137 to destroy the government, while 1 have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it.' He made up his cabinet chiefly of those poHtical rivals in his own party — Seward, Chase, Cameron, Bates — and se- cured the co-operation of the Douglas Dem- ocrats. His great deeds, amidst the heat and turmoil of war, were: His call for seventy-five thousand volunteers, and the blockading of southern ports; calling of con- gress in extra session, July 14, 1861, and obtaining four hundred thousand men and four hundred million dollars for the prosecu- tion of the war; appointing Stanton secre- tary of war; issuing the emancipation proc- lamation; calling three hundred thou- sand volunteers; address at Gettysburg cemetery; commissioned Grant as lieuten- ant-general and commander-in-chief of the armies of the United States; his second inaugural address; his visit to the army be- fore Richmond, and his entry into Rich- mond the day after its surrender. Abraham Lincoln v/as shot by John Wi'kes Booth in a box in Ford's theater at Washington the night of April 14, 1865, and expired the following morning. His body was buried at Oak Ridge cemetery, Springfield, Illinois, and a monument com- memorating his great work marks his resting place. STEPHEN GIRARD, the celebrated philanthropist, was born in Bordeaux, France, May 24, 1750. He became a sailor engaged in the 'American coast trade, and also made frequent trips to the West Indies. During the Revolutionary war he was a grocer and liquor seller in Philadelphia. He married in that city, and afterward separated from his wife. After the war he again engaged in the coast and West India trade, and his fortune began to accumulate from receiving goods from West Indian planters during the insurrection in Hayti, little of which was ever called for again. He became a private banker in Philadelphia in 1 812, and afterward was a director in the United States Bank. He made much money by leasing property in the city in times of depression, and upon the revival of industry sub-leasing at enormous profit. He became the wealthiest citizen of the United States of his time. He was eccentric, ungracious, and a freethinker. He had few, if any, friends in his lifetime. However, he was most chari- tably disposed, and gave to charitable in- stitutions and schools with a liberal hand. He did more than any one else to relieve the suffering and deprivations during the great yellow fever scourge in Philadelphia, devoting his personal attention to the sick. He endowed and made a free institution, the famous Will's Eye and Ear Infirmary of Philadelphia — one of the largest institu- tions of its kind in the world. At his death practically all his immense wealth was be- queathed to charitable institutions, more than two millions of dollars going to the founding of Girard College, which was to be devoted to the education and training of boys between the ages of six and ten years. Large donations were also made to institu- tions in Philadelphia and New Orleans. The principal building of Girard College is the most magnificent example of Greek architecture in America. Girard died De- cember 26, 1831. LOUIS J. R. AGASSIZ, the eminent nat- uralist and geologist, was born in the parish of Motier, near Lake Neuchatel, Swit- zerland, May 28, 1807, but attained his greatest fame after becoming an American citizen. He studied the medical sciences at 138 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. Zurich, Heidelberg and Munich. His first work was a Latin description of the fishes which Martins and Spix brought from Brazil. This was published in 1 829-3 1 . He devoted much time to the study of fossil fishes, and in 1S32 was appointed professor of natural history at Neuchatel. He greatly increased his reputation by a great work in French, entitled " Researches on Fossil Fishes," in 1832—42, in which he made many important improvements in the classification of fishes. Having passed many summers among the Alps in researches on glaciers, he propounded some new and interesting ideas on geology, and the agency of glaciers in his "Studies by the Glaciers." This was published in 1840. This latter work, with his " System of the Glaciers," published in 1847, are among his principal works. In 1846, Professor Agassiz crossed the ocean on a scientific excursion to the United States, and soon determined to remain here. He accepted, about the beginning of 1848, the chair of zoology and geology at Harvard. He explored the natural history of the United States at different times and gave an impulse to the study of nature in this country. In 1865 he conducted an expedi- tion to Brazil, and explored the lower Ama- zon and its tributaries. In 1868 he was made non-resident professor of natural his- tory at Cornell University. In December, 1 87 1, he accompanied the Hassler expedi- tion, under Professor Pierce, to the South Atlantic and Pacific oceans. He died at Cambridge, Massachusetts, December 14, 1873. Among other of the important works of Professor Agassiz may be mentioned the fol- lowmg: "Outlines of Comparative Physi- ology," "Journey to Brazil," and "Contri- butions to the Natural History of the United States." It is said of Professor Agassiz, that, perhaps, with the exception of Hugh Miller, no one had so popularized science in his day, or trained so many young natural- ists. Many of the theories held by Agassiz are not supported by many of the natural- ists of these later days, but upon many of the speculations into the origin of species and in physics he has left the marks of his own strongly marked individuality. WILLIAM WINDOM.— As a prominent and leading lawyer of the great north- west, as a member of both houses of con- gress, and as the secretary of the treasury, the gentleman whose name heads this sketch won for himself a prominent position in the history of our country. Mr. Windom was a native of Ohio, born in Belmont county, May 10, 1827. He received a good elementary education ui the schools of his native state, and took up the study of law. He was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of his profession in Ohio, where he remained until 1855. In the latter year he made up his mind to move further west, and accordingly went to Minnesota, and opening an office, became identified with the interests of that state, and the northwest generally. In 1858 he took his place in the Minnesota delegation in the national house of repre- sentatives, at Washington, and continued to represent his constituency in that body for ten years. In 1871 Mr. Windom was elected United States senator from Min- nesota, and was re-elected to the same office after fulfilling the duties of the position for a full term, in 1S76. On the inauguration of President Garfield, in March, 1881, Mr. Windom became secretary of the treasury in his cabinet. He resigned this office Oc- tober 27, 1 88 1, and was elected senator from the North Star state to fill the va- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 139 caricy caused by the resignation of A. J. EdjTerton. Mr. Windom served in that chamber until March, 1883. William \\'indom died in New York City January 29, 1891. DON M. DICKINSON, an American politician and lawyer, was born in Port Ontario, New York, January 17, 1846. He removed with his parents to Michigan when he was but two years old. He was educated in the public schools of Detroit and at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, and was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty-one. In 1872 he was made secretary of the Democratic state central committee of Michigan, and his able man- agement of the campaign gave him a prom- inent place in the councils of his party. In 1876, during the Tilden campaign, he acted as chairman of the state central committee. He was afterward chosen to represent his state in the Democratic national committee, and in 1886 he was appointed postmaster- general by President Cleveland. After the expiration of his term of office he returned to Detroit and resumed the practice of law. In the presidential campaign of 1896, Mr. Dickinson adhered to the "gold wing "of the Democracy, and his influence was felt in the national canvass, and especially in his own state. JOHN JACOB ASTOR, the founder of vJ the Astor family and fortunes, while not a native of this country, was one of the most noted men of his time, and as all his wealth and fame were acquired here, he may well be classed among America's great men. He was born near Heidelberg, Ger- m.any, July 17, 1763, and when twenty years old emigrated to the United States. Even at that a^e he exhibited remarkable business ability and foresight, and soon he was investing capital in furs which he took to London and sold at a great profit. He next settled at New York, and engaged ex- tensively in the fur trade. He exported furs to Europe in his own vessels, which re- turned with cargoes of foreign commodities, and thus he rapidly amassed an immense fortune. In 181 1 he founded Astoria on the western coast of North America, near the mouth of the Columbia river, as a depot for the fur trade, for the promotion of which he sent a number of expeditions to the Pacific ocean. He also purchased a large amount of real estate in New York, the value of which increased enormously All through life his business ventures were a series of marvelous successes, and he ranked as one of the most sagacious and successful business men in the world. He died March 29, 1848, leaving a fortune es- timated at over twenty million dollars to his children, who have since increased it. John Jacob Astor left $400,000 to found a public library in New York City, and his son, William B. Astor, who died in 1875, left $300,000 to add to his father's bequest. This is known as the Astor Library, one of the largest in the United States. SCHUYLER COLFAX, an eminent American statesman, was born in New York City, March 23, 1823, being a grand- son of General William Colfax, the com- mander of Washington's life-guards. In 1836 he removed with his mother, who was then a widow, to Indiana, settling at South Bend. Young Schuyler studied law, and in 1845 became editor of the "St. Joseph Valley Register," a Whig paper published at South Bend. He was a member of the convention which formed a new constitu- tion for Indiana in 1850, and he opposed 140 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY the clause that prohibited colored men from settling in that state. In 185 i he was defeated as the Whig candidate for congress but was elected in 1854, and, being repeat- edly re-elected, continued to represent that district in congress until 1869. He became one of the most prominent and influential members of the house of representatives, and served three terms as speaker. During the Civil war he was an active participant in all public measures of importance, and was a confidential friend and adviser of President Lincoln. In May, 1868, Mr. Colfax was nominated for vice-president on the ticket with General Grant, and was elected. After the close of his term he re- tired from office, and for the remainder of his life devoted much of his time to lectur- ing and literary pursuits. His death oc- curred January 23, 1885. He was one* of the most prominent members of the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows in America, and that order erected a bronze statue to his memory in University Park. Indianapo- lis, Indiana, which was unveiled in May, 1887. WILLIAM FREEMAN VILAS, who at- tained a national reputation as an able lawyer, statesman, and cabinet officer, was born at Chelsea, Vermont, July 9, 1840. His parents removed to Wisconsin when our subject was but eleven years of age, and there with the early settlers endured all the hardships and trials incident to pioneer life. William F. Vilas was given all the advantages found in the common schools, and supplemented this by a course of study in the Wisconsin State University, after which he studied law, was admitted to the bar and began practicing at Madison. Shortly afterward the Civil war broke out and Mr. Vilas enlisted and became colonel of the Twenty-third regiment of Wisconsin Volunteers, serving throughout the war with distinction. At the close of the war he re- turned to Wisconsin, resumed his law prac- tice, and rapidly rose to eminence in this profession. In 18S5 he was selected by President Cleveland for postmaster-general and at the close of his term again returned to Madison, Wisconsin, to resume the prac- tice of law. THOMAS McINTYRECOOLEY, anem- inent American jurist and law writer, was born in Attica, New York, January 6, 1 824. He was admitted to the bar in 1 846, and four j'ears later was appointed reporter of the supreme court of Michigan, which office he continued to hold for seven years. In the meantime, in 1859, he became pro- fessor of the law department of the Univer- sity of Michigan, and soon afterward was made dean of the faculty of that depart- ment. In 1864 he was elected justice of the supreme court of Michigan, in 1867 be- came chief justice of that court, and in 1869 was re-elected for a term of eight years. In 1881 he again joined the faculty of the University of Michigan, assuming the professorship of constitutional and adminis- trative law. His works on these branches have become standard, and he is recog- nized as authority on this and related sub- jects. Upon the passage of the inter-state commerce law in 1887 he became chairman of the commission and served in that capac- ity four years. JOHN PETER ALTGELD, a noted American politician and writer on social questions, was born in Germany, December 30, 1847. He came to America with his parents and settled in Ohio when two years old. In 1S64 he entered the Union army COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRATHr. 141 and served till the close of the war, after which he settled in Chicago, Illinois. He was elected judge of the superior court of Cook county, Illinois, in 1886, in which capacity he served until elected governor of Illinois in 1892, as a Democrat. During the first year of his term as governor he at- tracted national attention by his pardon of the anarchists convicted of the Haymarket murder in Chicago, and again in 1894 by his denunciation of President Cleveland for calling out federal troops to suppress the rioting in connection with the great Pull- man strike in Chicago. At the national convention of the Democratic party in Chi- cago, in July, 1896, he is said to have in- soired the clause in the platform denuncia- tory of interference by federal authorities in local affairs, and "government by injunc- tion." He was gubernatorial candidate for re-election on the Democratic ticket in 1896, but was defeated by John R. Tanner, Re- publican. Mr. Altgeld published two vol- umes of essays on " Live Questions," evinc- ing radical views on social matters. ADLAI EWING STEVENSON, an Amer. ican statesman and politician, was born in Christian county, Kentucky, October 23, 1835. and removed with the family to Bloomington, Illinoi?, in 1S52. He was admitted to the bar in 1858, and set- tled in the practice of his profession in Metamora, Illinois. In 1861 lie was made master in chancery of Woodford county, and in 1864 was elected state's at- torney. In 1868 he returned to Blooming- ton and formed a law partnership with James S. Ewing. He had served as a pres- idential elector in 1864, and in 1868 was elected to congress as a Democrat, receiv- ing a majority vote from every county in his district. He became promment in his party, and was a delegate to the national convention in 1884. On the election of Cleveland to the presidency Mr. Stevenson was appointed first assistant postmaster- general. After the expiration of his term he continued to exert a controlling influence in the politics of his state, and in 1892 was elected vice-president of the United States on the ticket with Grover Cleveland. At the expiration of his term of office he re- sumed the practice of law at Bloomington, Illinois. SIMON CAMERON, whose name is prominently identified with the history of the United States as a political leader and statesman, was born in Lancaster coun- ty, Pennsylvania, March 8, 1799. He grew to manhood in his native county, receiving good educational advantages, and develop- ing a natural inclination for political life. He rapidly rose in prominence and became the most influential Democrat in Penns}-,'" vania, and in 1845 was elected by that party to the United States senate. Upon the organization of the Republican party he was one of the first to declare his allegiance to it, and in 1856 was re-elected United States senator from Pennsylvania as a Republican. In March, 1861, he was appointed secretary of war by President Lincoln, and served until early in 1862, when he was sent as minister to Russia, returning in 1863. In 1866 he was again elected United States senator and served until 1877, when he re- signed and was succeeded by his son, James Donald Cameron. He continued to exert a powerful influence in political affairs up to the time of his death, June 26, 1889. James Donald Cameron was the eld- est son of Simon Cameron, and also attained a high rank among American statesmen. He was born at Harrisburg, 142 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. Pennsylvania, May 14, 1833, and received an excellent education, graduating at Princeton College in 1852. He rapidly developed into one of the most able and successful business men of the country and vi-as largely inter- ested in and identified with the develop- ment of the coal, iron, lumber and manu- facturing interests of his native state. He served as cashier and afterward president of the Middletownbank, and in 1S61 was made vice-president, and in 1863 president of the Northern Central railroad, holding this position until 1874, when he resigned and was succeeded by Thomas A. Scott. This road was of great service to the government during the war as a means of communica- tion between Pennsylvania and the national capital, via Baltimore. Mr. Cameron also took an active part in political affairs, always as a Republican. In May, 1876, he was appointed secretary of war in Pres- ident Grant's cabinet, and in 1877 suc- ceeded his father in the United States senate. He was re-elected in 1885, and again in 1891, serving until 1896, and was recognized as one of the most prominent and influential members of that bodv. ADOLPHUS W. GREELEY, a famous American arctic explorer, was born at Newburyport, Massachusetts, March 27, 1844. He graduated from Brown High School at the age of sixteen, and a year later enlisted in Company B, Nineteenth Massachusetts Infantry, and was made first sergeant. In 1863 he was promoted to second lieutenant. After the war he was assigned to the Fifth United States Cavalry, and became first lieutenant in 1873. He was assigned to duty in the United States signal service shortly after the close of the war. An expedition was fitted out by the United States government in 1881, un- der auspices of the weather bureau, and Lieutenant Greeley placed in command.. They set sail from St. Johns the first week in July, and after nine days landed in Green- land, where they secured the services of two natives, together with sledges, dogs, furs and equipment. They encountered an ice pack early in August, and on the 28th of that month freezing weather set in. Two of his party, Lieutenant Lockwood and Ser- geant Brainard, added to the known maps about forty miles of coast survey, and reached the highest point yet attained by man, eighty-three degrees and twenty-four minutes north, longitude, forty-four degrees and five minutes west. On their return to Fort Conger, Lieutenant Greeley set out for the south on August 9, 1S83. He reached Baird Inlet twenty dajs later with his entire party. Here the}' were compelled to abandon their boats, and drifted on an ice-floe for one month. They then went into camp at Cape Sabine, where they suf- fered untold hardships, and eighteen of the party succumbed to cold and hunger, and had relief been delayed two days longer none would have been found alive. They were picked up by the relief expedition, under Captain Schley, June 22, 1884. The dead were taken to New York for burial. Many sensational stories were published concerning the expedition, and Lieutenant Greeley prepared an exhaustive account of his explorations and experiences. LEVI P. MORTON, the millionaire poli- tician, was born in Shoreham, Ver- mont, May 16, 1824, and his early educa- tion consisted of the rudiments which he obtained in the common school up to the age of fourteen, and after that time what knowledge he gained was wrested from the hard school of experience. He removed to COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 143 Hanover, Vermont, then Concord, Vermont, and afterwards to Boston. He had worked in a store at Shoreham, his native village, and on going to Hanover he established a store and went into business for himself: In Boston he clerked in a dry goods store, and then opened a business of his own in the same line in New York. After a short career he failed, and was compelled to set- tle with his creditors at only fifty cents on the dollar. He began the struggle anew, and when the war began he established a banking house in New York, with Junius Morgan as a partner. Through his firm and connections the great government war loans were floated, and it resulted in im- mense profits to his house. When he was again thoroughly established he invited his former creditors to a banquet, and under each guest's plate was found a check cover- ing the amount of loss sustained respec- tively, with interest to date. President Garfield appointed Mr. Mor- ton as minister to France, after he had de- clined the secretaryship of the navy, and in 1888 he was nominated as candidate for vice-president, with Harrison, and elected. In 1894 he was elected governor of New York over David B. Hill, and served one term. CHARLES KENDALL ADAMS, one of the most talented and prominent educators this country has known, was born January 24, 1835, at Derby, Vermont. He received an elementary education in the common schools, and studied two terms in the Derby Academy. Mr. Adams moved with his parents to Iowa in 1856. He was very anxious to pursue a collegiate course, but this was impossible until he had attained the age of twenty-one. In the autumn of 1856 he began the study of Latin and Greek at Denmark Academy, and in September, 1857, he was admitted to the University of Michigan. Mr. Adams was wholly depend- ent upon himself for the means of his edu- cation. During his third and fourth year he became deeply interested in historical studies, was assistant librarian of the uni- versity, and determined to pursue a post- graduate course. In 1864 he was appointed instructor of history and Latin and was ad- vanced to an assistant professorship in 1865, and in 1867, on the resignation o\ Professoi White to accept the presidency of Cornell, he was appointed to fill the chair of profes- sor of history. This he accepted on con- dition of his being allowed to spend a year for special study in Germany, France and Italy. Mr. Adams returned in 186S, and assumed the duties of his professorship. He introduced the German system for the instruction of advanced history classes, and his lectures were largely attended. In 1885, on the resignation of President White at Cornell, he was elected his successor and held the office for seven years, and on Jan- uary 17, 1893, he was inaugurated presi- dent of the University of Wisconsin. Pres- ident Adams was prominently connected with numerous scientific and literary organ- izations and a frequent contributor to the historical and educational data in the peri- odicals and journals of the country. He was the author of the following: " Dem- ocracy and Monarchy in France," " Manual of Historical Literature," " A Plea for Sci- entific Agriculture," " Higher Education in Germany." JOSEPH B. FORAKER, a prom.inent po- litical leader and ex-governor of Ohio, was born near Rainsboro, Highland county, Ohio, July 5, 1846. His parents operated a small farm, with a grist and sawmill, hav- 144 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRArHT. ing emigrated hither from Virginia and Delaware on account of their distaste for slavery. Joseph was reared upon a farm until 1862, when he enlisted in the Eighty-ninth Ohio Infantry. Later he was made ser- geant, and in 1S64 commissioned first lieu- tenant. The next year he was brevetted captain. At the age of nineteen he was mustered out of the army after a brilliant service, part of the time being on the staff of General Slocum. He participated in the battles of Missionary Ridge, Lookout Mount- ain and Kenesaw Mountain and in Sher- man's march to the sea. For two years subsequent to the war young Foraker was studying at the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, but later went to Cornell University, at Unity, New York, from which he graduated July i, 1869. He studied law and was admitted to the bar. In 1879 Mr. Foraker was elected judge of the superior court of Cincinnati and held the office for three years. In 1883 he was defeated in the contest for the gov- ernorship with Judge Hoadly. In 1885, however, being again nominated for the same office, he was elected and served two terms. In 1889, in running for governor again, this time against James E. Camp- bell, he was defeated. Two years later his career in the United States senate began. Mr. Foraker was always a prominent figure at all national meetings of the Republican party, and a strong power, politically, in his native state. LYMAN ABBOTT, an eminent American preacher and writer on religious sub- jects, came of a noted New England family. His father. Rev. Jacob Abbott, was a prolific and popular writer, and his uncle, Rev. John S. C. Abbott, was a noted preacher and author. Lyman Abbott was born December 18, 1835, in Ro.xbury, Massachusetts. He graduated at the New York University, in 1853, studied law, and practiced for a time at the bar, after which he studied theology with his uncle, Rev. John S. C. Abbott, and in i860 was settled in the ministry at Terra Haute, Indiana, re- maining there until after the close of the war. He then became connected with the Freedmen's Commission, continuing this until 1868, when he accepted the pastorate of the New England Congregational church, in New York City. A few years later he re- signed, to devote his time principally to lit- erary pursuits. For a number of years he edited for the American Tract Society, its "Illustrated Christian Weekly," also the New York "Christian Union." He pro- duced many works, which had a wide circu- lation, among which may be mentioned the following: "Jesus of Nazareth, His Life and Teachings," "Old Testament Shadows of New Testament Truths," "Morning and Evening Exercises, Selected from Writings of Henry Ward Beecher," " Laicus, or the Experiences of a Layman in a Country Parish," "Popular Religious Dictionary," and "Commentaries on Matthew, Mark, Luke, John and Acts." GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS.— The well-known author, orator and journal- ist whose name heads this sketch, was born at Providence, Rhode Island, February 24, 1824. Having laid the foundation of a most excellent education in his native land, he went to Europe and studied at the Uni- versity of Berlin. He made an extensive tour throughout the Levant, from which he returned home in 1850. At that early age literature became his field of labor, and in 185 1 he published his first important work, COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 145 " Nile Notes of a Howadji." In 1852 two works issued from his facile pen, "The Howadji in Syria," and "Lotus-Eating." Later on he was the author of the well- known " Potiphar Papers," " Prue and L" and "Trumps." He greatly distinguished himself throughout this land as a lecturer on many subjects, and as an orator had but few peers. He was also well known as one of the most fluent speakers on the stump, making many political speeches in favor of the Republican party. In recognition of his valuable services, Mr. Curtis was ap- pointed by President Grant, chairman of the advisory board of the civil service. Al- though a life-long Republican, Mr. Curtis refused to support Blaine for the presidency in 1884, because of his ideas on civil ser- vice and other reforms. For his memorable and magnificent eulogy on Wendell Phillips, delivered in Boston, in 1884, that city pre- sented Mr. Curtis with a gold medal. George W. Curtis, however, is best known to the reading public of the United States by his connection with the Harper Brothers, having been editor of the " Har- per's Weekly," and of the "Easy Chair," in " Harper's Monthly Magazine, "for many years, in fact retaining that position until the day of his death, which occurred August 3T, 1892. ANDREW JOHNSON, the seventeenth president of the United States, served from 1865 to 1869. He was born Decem- ber 8, 1808, at Raleigh, North Carolina, and was left an orphan at the age of four years. He never attended school, and was apprenticed to a tailor. While serving his apprenticeship he suddenly acquired a pas- sion for knowledge, and learned to read. From that time on he spent all his spare time in reading, and after working for two years as a journeyman tailor at Lauren's Court House, South Carolina, he removed to Greenville, Tennessee, where he worked at his trade and was married. Under his wife's instruction he made rapid progress in his studies and manifested such an interest in local politics as to be elected as " work- ingmen's candidate " alderman in 1828, and in 1830 to the mayoralty, and was twice re-elected to each office. Mr. Johnson utilized this time in cultivating his talents as a public speaker, by taking part in a de- bating society. He was elected in 1835 to the lower house of the legislature, was re- elected in 1839 as a Democrat, and in 1 841 was elected state senator. Mr. John- son was elected representative in congress in 1843 and was re-elected four times in succession until 1853, when he was the suc- cessful candidate for the gubernatorial chair of Tennessee. He was re-elected in 1855 and in 1857 he entered the United States senate. In i860 he was supported by the Tennessee delegation to the Democratic convention for the presidential nomination, and lent his 'influence to the Breckinridge wing of the party. At the election of Lin- coln, which brought about the first attempt at secession in December, i860, Mr. John- son took a firm attitude in the senate for the Union. He was the leader of the loy- alists in East Tennessee. By the course that Mr. Johnson pursued in this crisis he was brought prominently before the north- ern people, and when, in March, 1862, he was appointed military governor of Ten- nessee with the rank of brigadier-general, he increased his popularity by the vigorous manner in which he labored to restore order. In the campaign of 1864 he was elected vice-president on the ticket with President Lincoln, and upon the assassi- nation of the latter he succeeded to the 146 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. presidency, April 15, 1865. He retained the cabinet of President Lincoln, and at first exhibited considerable severity towards the former Confederates, but he soon inau- gurated a policy of reconstruction, pro- claimed a general amnesty to the late Con- federates, and established provisional gov- ernments in the southern states. These states claimed representation in congress in the following December, and then arose the momentous question as to what should be the policy of the victorious Union against their late enemies. The Republican ma- jority in congress had an apprehension that the President would undo the results of the war, and consequently passed two bills over the executive veto, and the two highest branches of the government were in open antagonism. The cabinet was reconstructed in July, and Messrs. Randall, Stanbury and Browning superseded Messrs. Denison, Speed and Harlan. In August, 1867, Pres- ident Johnson removed the secretary of war and replaced him with General Grant, but when congress met in December it refused to ratify the removal of Stanton, who re- sumed the functions of his office. In 1868 the president again attempted to remove Stanton, who refused to vacate his post and was sustained by the senate. Presi- dent Johnson was accused by congress of high crimes and misdemeanors, but the trial resulted in his acquittal. Later he was Uni- ted States senator from Tennessee, and died July 31, 1875. EDMUND RANDOLPH, first attorney- general of the United States, was born in Virginia, August 10, 1753. His father, John Randolph, was attorney-general of Virginia, and lived and died a royalist. Ed- mund was educated in the law, but joined the army as aide-de-camp to Washington in 1775, at Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was elected to the Virginia convention in 1776, and attorney-general of the state the same year. In 1779 he was elected to the Continental congress, and served four years in that body. He was a member of the con- vention in 1787 that framed the constitu- tion. In that convention he proposed what was known as the " Virginia plan" of con- federation, but it was rejected. He advo- cated the ratification of the constitution in the Virginia convention, although he had re- fused to sign it. He became governor of Virginia in 1788, and the next year Wash- ington appointed him to the office of at- torney-general of the United States upon the organization of the government under the constitution. He was appointed secre- tary of state to succeed Jefferson during Washington's second term, but resigned a year later on account of differences in the cabinet concerning the policy pursued to- ward the new French republic. He died September 12, 181 3. W INFIELD SCOTT HANCOCK was born in Montgomery county, Penn- sylvania, February 14, 1824. He received his early education at the Norristown Academy, in his native county, and, in 1840, was appointed a cadet in the United States Military Academy, at West Point. He was graduated from the latter in 1844, and brev- etted as second lieutenant of infantry. In 1853 he was made first lieutenant, and two years later transferred to the quartermaster's department, with the rank of captain, and in 1S63 promoted to the rank of major. He served on the frontier, and in the war with Mexico, displaying conspicuous gallantry dur- ing the latter. lie also took a part in the Seminole war, and in the troubles in Kan- sas, in 1857, and in California, at the out- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 147 break of the Civil war, as chief quarter- master of the Southern district, he exerted a powerful inliuence. In 1861 he applied for active duty in the field, and was assigned to the department of Iventucky as chief quartermaster, but before entering upon that duty, was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers. His subsequent history during the war was substantially that of the Army of the Potomac. He participated in the campaign, under McClellan, and led the gallant charge, which captured Fort Magru- der, won the day at the battle of Wil- liamsburg, and by services rendered at Savage's Station and other engagements, won several grades in the regular service, and was recommended by McClellan for major-general of volunteers. He was a con- spicuous figure at South Mountain and An- tietam. He was commissioned major-gen- eral of volunteers, November 29, 1862, and made commander of the First Division of the Second Corps, which he led at Fred- ricksburg and at Chancellorsville. He was appointed to the command of the Second Corps in June, 1863, and at the battle of Gettysburg, July i, 2 and 3, of that year, took an important part. On his arrival on the field he found part of the forces then in retreat, but stayed the retrograde movement, checked the enemy, and on the following day commanded the left center, repulsed, on the third, the grand assault of General Lee's army, and was severely wounded. For his services on that field General Hancock received the thanks of congress. On recovering from his wound, he was detailed to go north to stimulate re- cruiting and fill up the diminished corps, and was the recipient of many public receptions and ovations. In March, 1864, he returned to his command, and in the Wilderness and at Spottsylvania led large bodies of men successfully and conspicuously. From that on to the close of the campaign he was a prominent figure. In November, 1864, he was detailed to organize the First Veteran Reserve Corps, and at the close of hostilities was appointed to the command of the Mid- dle Military Division. In July, 1866, he was made major-general of the regular service. He was at the head of various military departments until 1872, when he was assigned to the command of the Depart- ment of the Atlantic, which post he held until his death. In 1869 he declined the nomination for governor of Pennsylvania. He was the nominee of the Democratic party for president, in 1880, and was de- feated by General Garfield, who had a popu- lar majority of seven thousand and eighteen and an electoral majority .of fifty-nine. Gen- eral Hancock died February 9, 1886. THOMAS PAINE, the most noted polit- ical and deistical writer of the Revolu- tionary period, was born in England, Jan- uary 29, 1737, of Quaker parents. His edu- cation was. obtained in the grammar schools of Thetford, his native town, and supple- mented by hard private study while working at his trade of stay-maker at London and other cities of England. He was for a time a dissenting preacher, although he did not relinquish his employment. He married a revenue official's daughter, and was employed in the revenue service for some time. He then became a grocer and duringall this time he was reading and cultivating his literary tastes, and had developed a clear and forci- ble style of composition. He was chosen to represent the interests of the e.xcisemen, and published a pamphlet that brought him considerable notice. He was soon after- ward introduced to Benjamin Franklin, and having been dismissed from the service on a 148 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. charge of smuggling, his resentment led him to accept the advice of that statesman to come to America, in 1774. He became editor of the " Pennsylvania Magazine," and the next year published his "Serious Thoughts upon Slavery " in the " Penn- sylvania Journal." His greatest political work, however, was written at the sugges- tion of Dr. Rush, and entitled " Common Sense." It was the most popular pamphlet written during the period and he received two thousand five hundred dollars from the state of Pennsylvania in recognition of its value. His periodical, the "Crisis," began in 1776, and its distribution among the soldiers did a great deal to keep up the spirit of revolution. He was made secretary of the committee of foreign affairs, but was dis- missed for revealing diplomatic secrets in one of his controversies with Silas Deane. He was originator and promoter of a sub- scription to relieve the distress of the soldiers near the close of the war, and was sent to France with Henry Laurens to negotiate the treaty with France, and was granted three thousand dollars by congress for his services there, and an estate at New Rochelle, by the state of New York. In 17S7, after the close of the Revolu- tionary war, he went to France, and a few years later published his " Rights of Man," defending the French revolution, which gave him great popularity in France. He was made a citizen and elected to the na- tional convention at Calais. He favored banishment of the king to America, and opposed his execution. He was imprisoned for about ten months during 1794 by the Robespierre party, during which time he wrote the "Age of Reason," his great deis- tical work. He was in danger of the guillo- tine for several months. He took up his residence with the family of James Monroe, then minister to France and was chosen again to the convention. He returned to the United States in 1802, and was cordial]}' received throughout the coun- try e.xcept at Trenton, where he was insulted by Federalists. He retired to his estate at New Rochelle, and his death occurred June 8, 1809. JOHN WILLIAM MACKAY was one of erintendent of construction of the Chicago custom house. He was made adjutant-genecal, with the rank of colonel, of Illinois militia, and was colonel of Illinois volunteers raised for the Utah expedition, but was not mustered into service. In i860 he removed to Kentucky, where he settled on a farm near Louisville and became inspector-general in cominand of the Kentucky Home Guards. At the opening of the Civil war he joined the Con- federate army, and was given command at Bowling Green, Kentucky, which he was > compelled to abandon after the capture of Fort Henry. He then retired to Fort Don- elson, and was there captured with sixteen thousand men, and an immense store of pro- visions, by General Grant, in February, 1862. He was held as a prisoner of war at Fort Warren until August of that year. He commanded a division of Hardee's corps in Bragg's Army of the Tennessee, and was afterward assigned to the third division and participated in the battles of Chickamauga, and Murfreesboro. He was with Kirby Smith when that general surrendered his army to General Canby in May, 1865. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the vice- presidency on the Gold Democratic ticket with Senator John M. Palmer in 1896. SIMON KENTON, one of the famous pio- neers and scouts whose names fill the pages of the early history of our country, was born in Fauquier county, Virginia, April 3, 1755. In consequence of an affray, at the age of eighteen, young Kenton went to Kentucky, then the "Dark and Bloody Ground," and became associated with Dan- iel Boone and other pioneers of that region. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 189 For a short time he acted as a scout and spy for Lord Dunmore, the British governor of Virginia, but afterward taking the side of the struggling colonists, participated in the war for independence west of the Alle- ghanies. In 1784 he returned to Virginia, but did not remain there long, going back with his family to Kentucky. From that time until 1793 he participated in all the combats and battles of that time, and until "Mad Anthony" Wayne swept the Valley of the Ohio, and settled the suprem-- acy of the whites in that region. Kenton laid claim to large tracts of land in the new country he had helped to open up, but through ignorance of law. and the growing value of the land, lost it all and was reduced to poverty. During the war with England in 1812-15, Kenton took part in the inva- sion of Canada with the Kentucky troops and participated in the battle of the Thames.- He finally had land granted him by the legislature of Kentucky, and received a pen- sion from the United States government. He died in Logan county, Ohio, April 29, 1836. ELIHU BENJAMIN WASHBURNE, an American statesman of eminence, was born in Livermore, Maine, September 23, 1 8 16. He learned the trade of printer, but abandoned that calling at the age of eight- een and entered the Kent's Hill Academy at Reading, Maine, and then took up the study of law, reading in Hallowell, Boston, and at the Harvard Law School. He began prac- tice at Galena, Illinois, in 1840. He was elected to congress in 1852, and represented his district in that body continuously until March, 1869, and at the time of his retire- ment he had served a greater number of consecutive terms than any other member of the house. In 1873 President Grant ap- pointed him secretary of state, which posi- tion he resigned to accept that of minister to France. During the Franco- Prussian war, including the siege of Paris and the reign of the Commune, Mr. Washburne re- mained at his post, protecting the lives and property of his countrymen, as weil as that of other foreign residents in Paris, while the ministers of all other powers abandoned their posts at a time when they were most needed. As far as possible he e.xtended protection to unfortunate German residents, who were the particular objects of hatred of the populace, and his firmness and the suc- cess which attended his efforts won the ad- miration of all Europe. Mr. Washburne died at Chicago, Illinois, October 22, 1887. ^X riLLIAM CRAMP, one of the most V V e.xtensive shipbuilders of this coun- try, was born in Kensington, then a suburb, now a part of Philadelphia, in 1806. He received a thorough English education, and when he left school was associated with Samuel Grice, one of the most eminent naval architects of his day. In 1830, hav- ing mastered all the details of shipbuilding, Mr. Cramp engaged in business on his own account. By reason of ability and e.xcel- lent work he prospered from the start, until now, in the hands of his sons, under the name of William Cramp & Sons' Ship and Engine Building Company, it has become the most complete shipbuilding plant and naval arsenal in the western hemisphere, and fully equal to any in the world. As Mr. Cramp's sons attained manhood they learned their father's profession, and were admitted to a partnership. In 1872 the firm was incor- porated under the title given above. Until i860 wood was used in building vessels, al- though pace was kept with all advances in the art of shipbuilding. At the opening of 190 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. the war came an unexpected demand for war vessels, which they promptly met. The sea-going ironclad "New Ironsides" was built by them in 1862, followed by a num- ber of formidable ironclads and the cruiser "Chattanooga." They subsequently built several war vessels for the Russian and other governments which added to their reputation. When the American steamship line was established in 1870, the Cramps were commissioned to build for it four first- class iron steamships, the "Pennsylvania," "Ohio," "Indiana" and "Illinois," which they turned out in rapid order, some of the finest specimens of the naval architecture of their day. William Cramp remained at the head of the great company he had founded until his death, which occurred January 6, 1879. Charles H. Cramp, the successor of his father as head of the William Cramp & Sons' Ship and Engine Building Company, was born in Philadelphia May 9, 1829, and received an excellent education in his native city, which he , sedulously sought to sup- plement by close study until he became an authority on general subjects and the best naval architect on the western hemis- phere. Many of the best vessels of our new navy were built by this immense con- cern. WASHINGTON ALLSTON, probably the greatest American painter, was born in South Carolina in 1779. He was sent to school at the age of seven years at Newport, Rhode Island, where he met Ed- ward Malbone, two years his senior, and who later became a pamter of note. The friendship that sprang up between them un- doubtedly influenced young Allston in the choice of a profession. He graduated from Harvard in 1800, and went to England the following year, after pursuing his studies for a year under his friend Malbone at his home in South Carolina. He became a student at the Royal Academy where the great American, Benjamin West, presided, and who became his intimate friend. Allston later went to Paris, and then to Italy, where four years were spent, mostly at Rome. In 1809 he returned to America, but soon after returned to London, having married in the meantime a sister of Dr. Channing. In ■ a short time his first great work appeared, "The Dead Man Restored to Life by the Bones of Elisha," which took the British Association prize and firmly established his reputation. Other paintings followed in quick succession, the greatest among which were "Uriel in the Center of the Sun," "Saint Peter Liberated by the Angel," and "Jacob's Dream," supplemented by many smaller pieces. Hard work, and grief at the death of his wife began to tell upon his health, and he left London in 1818 for America. The same year he was elected an associate of the Royal Academy. During the ne.xt few years he painted "Jeremiah," "Witch ofEndor," and "Beatrice." In 1830 Alls- ton married a daughter of Judge Dana, and went to Cambridge, which was his home until his death. Here he produced the "Vision of the Bloody Hand," "Rosalie," and many less noted pieces, and had given one week of labor to his unfinished master- piece, "Belshazzar's Feast," when death ended his career July 9, 1843. JOHN ROACH, ship builder and manu- facturer, whose career was a marvel 0/ industrial labor, and who impressed his in- dividuality and genius upon the times in. which he lived more, perhaps, than anv other manufacturer in America. He was born at Mitchelstown, County Cork, Ire- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 191 land, December 25, 181 5, the son of a wealthy merchant. He attended school until he was thirteen, when his father be- came financially embarrassed and failed and shortly after died; John determined to come to America and carve out a fortune for himself. He landed in New York at the age of sixteen, and soon obtained employ- ment at the Howell Iron Works in New Jer- sey, at twenty-five cents a day. He soon made himself a place in the world, and at the end of three years had saved some twelve hundred dollars, which he lost by the failure of his employer, in whose hands it was left. Returning to New York he began to learn how to make castings for marine engines and ship work. Having again accumulated one thousand dollars, in company with three fellow workmen, he purchased a small foundry in New York, but soon became sole proprietor. At the end of four years he had saved thirty thou- sand dollars, besides enlarging his works. In 1856 his works were destroyed by a boiler explosion, and being unable to collect th2 insurance, was left, after paying his debts, without a dollar. However, his credit and reputation for integrity was good, and he built the Etna Iron Works, giving it capacity to construct larger marine engines than any previously built in this country. Here he turned out immense engines for the steam ram Dunderberg, for the war ves- sels Winooski and Neshaning, and other large vessels. To accommodate his increas- ing business, Mr. Roach, in 1869, pur- chased the Morgan Iron Works, one of the largest in New York, and shortly after sev- I eral others. In 1871 he bought the Ches- I ter ship yards, which he added to largely, j erecting a rolling mill and blast furnace, and j providing every facility for building a ship I oat of the ore and timber. This immense plant covered a large area, was valued at several millions of dollars, and was known as the Delaware River Iron Shipbuilding and Engine Works, of which Mr. Roach was the principal owner. He built a large percentage of the iron vessels now iiying the American flag, the bulk of his business being for private parties. In 1875 he built the sectional dry docks at Pensacola. He, about this time, drew the attention of the government to the use of compound marine engines, and thus was the means of im- proving the speed and economy of the ves- sels of our new navy. In 1883 Mr. Roach commenced work on the three cruisers for the governm.ent, the "Chicago," "Boston" and ''Atlanta," and the dispatch boat " Dolphin." For some cause the secretary of the navy refused to receive the latter and decided that Mr. Roach's contract would not hold. This embarrassed Mr. Roach, as a large amount of his capital was in- volved in these contracts, and for the pro- tection of bondsmen and creditors, July 18, 1885, he made an assignment, but the financial trouble broke down his strong con- stitution, and January 10, 1887, he died. His son, John B. Roach, succeeded to the shipbuilding interests, while Stephen W. Roach inherited the Morgan Iron Works at New York. JOHN SINGLETON COPLEY, one of the two great painters who laid the foundation of true American art, was born in Boston in 1737, one year earlier than his great contemporary, Benjamin West. His education was limited to the common schools of that time, and his training in art he ob- tained by his own observation and experi- ments solely. When he was about seven- teen years old he had mapped out his future, however, by choosing painting as his pro- 192 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. fession. If he ever studied under any teacher in his early efforts, we have no au- thentic account of it, and tradition credits the young artist's wonderful success en- tirely to his own talent and untiring effort. It is almost incredible that at the age of twenty-three years his income from his works aggregated fifteen hundred dollars per annum, a very great sum in those days. In 1774 he went to Europe in search of ma- terial for study, which was so rare in his native land. After some time spent in Italy he finally took up his permanent residence in England. In 1783 he was made a mem- ber of the Royal Academy, and later his son had the high honor of becoming lord chancellor of England and Lord Lyndhurst. Many specimens of Copley's work are to be found in the Memorial Hall at Harvard and in the Boston Museum, as well as a few of the works upon which he modeled his style. Copley was essentially a portrait painter, though his historical paintings at- tained great celebrity, his masterpiece being his " Death of Major Pierson," though that distinction has by some been given to his "Death of Chatham." It is said that he never saw a good picture until he was thirty-five years old, yet his portraits prior to that period are regarded as rare speci- mens. He died in 181 5. HENRY B. PLANT, one of the greatest railroad men of the country, became famous as president of the Plant system of railway and steamer lines, and also the Southern & Texas Express Co. He was born in October, 18 19, at Branford, Connecticut, and entered the railroad serv- ice in 1844, serving as express messenger on the Hartford & New Haven Railroad until 1853, during which time he had entire charge of the express' business of that road. He went south in 1853 and established ex- press lines on various southern railways, and in 1 86 1 organized the Southern Express Co., and became its president. In 1879 he purchased, with others, the Atlantic & Gulf Railroad of Georgia, and later reorganized the Savannah, Florida & Western Railroad, of which he became president. He pur- chased and rebuilt, in 1880, the Savannah & Charleston Railroad, now Charleston & Savannah. Not long after this he organ- ized the Plant Investment Co., to control these railroads and advance their interests generally, and later established a steamboat liiie on the St. John's river, in Florida. From 1853 until i860 he was general superintendent of the southern division of the Adams Express Co., and in 1867 be- came president of the Texas Express Co. The "Plant system" of railway, steamer and steamship lines is one of the greatest business corporations of the southern states. WADE HAMPTON, a noted Confeder- ate officer, was born at Columbia, South Carolina, in 18 18. He graduated from the South Carolina College, took an active part in politics, and was twice elected to the legislature of his state. In 1861 he joined the Confederate army, and command- ed the " Hampton Legion " at the first bat- tle of Bull Run, in July, 1861. He did meritorious service, was wounded, and pro- moted to brigadier-general. He command- ed a brigade at Seven Pines, in 1862, and was again wounded. He was engaged in the battle of Antietam in September of the same year, and participated in the raid into Pennsylvania in October. In 1863 he was with Lee at Gettysburg, where he was wounded for the third time. He was pro- moted to the rank of lieutenant-general, and commanded a troop of cavalry in Lee's COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 198 arm}' during 1864, and was in numerous en- {jagements. In 1865 he was in South Car- olina, and commanded the cavalry rear guard of the Confederate army in its stub- born retreat before General Sherman on his advance toward Richmond. After the war Hampton took an active part in politics, and was a prominent figure at the Democratic national convention in 1868, which nominated Seymour and Blair for president and vice-president. He was governor of South Carolina, and took his seat in the United States senate in 1879, where he became a conspicuous figure in national affairs. NIICOLA TESLA, one of the most cele- brated electricians America has known, was born in 1857, at Smiljau, Lika, Servia. He descended from an old and representative family of that country. His father was a a minister of the Greek church, of high rank, while his mother was a woman of remarka- ble skill in the construction of looms, churns and the machinery required in a rural home. N'.kola received early education in the public schools of Gospich, when he was sent to the higher "Real Schule " at Ivarl- stadt, where, after a three years' course, he graduated in 1873. He devoted him- self to experiments in electricity and magnetism, to the chagrin of his father, who had destined him for the ministry, but giving way to the boy's evident genius he was allowed to continue his studies in the polytechnic school at Gratz. He in- herited a wonderful intuition which enabled him to see through the intricacies of ma- chinery, and despite his instructor's demon- stration that a dynamo could not be oper- ated without commutators or brushes, began experiments which finally resulted in his rotating field motors. After the study of languages at Prague and Buda-Pesth, he became associated with M. Puskas, who had introduced the telephone into Hungary. He invented several improvements, but being unable to reap the necessary benefit from them, he, in search of a wider field, went to Paris, where he found employment with one of the electric lighting companies as electrical engineer. Soon he set his face westward, and coming to the United States for a time found congenial employment with Thomas A. Edison. Finding it impossible, overshadowed as he was, to carry out his own ideas he left the Edison works to join a company formed to place his own inven- tions on the market. He perfected his rotary field principle, adapting it to circuits then in operation. It is said of him that some of his proved theories will change the entire electrical science. It would, in an f.rticle of this length, be impossible to ex- plain all that Tesla accomplished for the practical side of electrical engineering. His discoveries formed the basis of the at- tempt to utilize the water power of Niagara Falls. His work ranges far beyond the vast department of polyphase currents and high potential lighting and includes many inventions in arc lighting, transformers, pyro and thermo-magnetic motors, new forms of incandescent lamps, unipolar dyna- mos and many others. CHARLES B. LEWIS won fame as an American humorist under the name of " M. Quad." It is said he owes his celebrity originally to the fact that he was once mixed up in a boiler explosion on the Ohio river, and the impressions he received from the event he set up from his case when he was in the composing room' of an ob- scure Michigan paper. His style possesses a peculiar quaintness, and there runs tnrough 194 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. it a vein of philosopliy. Mr. Lewis was born in 1S44, near a town called Liverpool, Ohio. He was, however, raised in Lansing, Michigan, where he spent a year in an agri- cultural college, going from there to the composing room of the "Lansing Demo- crat." At the outbreak of the war he en- listed in the service, remained during the entire war, and then returned to Lansing. The explosion of the boiler that "blew him into fame," took place two years later, while he was on his way south. When he re- covered physically, he brought suit for dam- ages against the steamboat company, which he gained, and was awarded a verdict of twelve thousand dollars for injuries re- ceived. It was while he was employed by the "Jacksonian" of Pontiac, Mich., that he set up his account of how he felt while being blown up. He says that he signed it "M Quad," because "a bourgeoise em quad is useless except in its own line — it won't justify with any other type." Soon after, because of the celebrity he attained by this screed, Mr. Lewis secured a place on the staff of the " Detroit Free Press," and made for that paper a wide reputation. His sketches of the "Lime I'iiln Club" and " Brudder Gardner " are perhaps the best known of his humorous writings. HIRAM S. MAXIM, the famous inventor, was born in Sangersville, Maine, February 5, 1840, the son of Isaac W. and Harriet B. Maxim. The town of his birth was but a small place, in the woods, on the confines of civilization, and the family endured many hardships. They were without means and entirely dependent on themselves to make out of raw materials all they needed. The mother was an expert spinner, weaver, dyer and seamstress and the father a trapper, tanner, miller, blacksmith, carpenter, mason and farmer. Amid such surroundings young Maxim gave early promise of remarkable aptitude. With the universal Yankee jack- knife the products of his skill excited the wonder and interest of the locality. His parents did not encourage his latent genius but apprenticed him to a coach builder. Four years he labored at this uncongenial trade but at the end of that time he forsook it and entered a machine shop at Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Soon mastering the details of that business and that of mechanical drawing, he went to Boston as the foreman of the philosophical instrument manufactory. From thence he went to New York and with the Novelty Iron Works Shipbuilding Co. he gained experience in those trades. His inventions up to this time consisted of improvements in steam engines, and an automatic gas machine, which came into general use. In 1877 he turned his attention to electricity, and in 1878 produced an incandescent lamp, that would burn 1,000 hours. He was the first to design a process for flashing electric carbons, and the first to "standardize" carbons for electric light- ing. In 1880 he visited Europe and exhibit- ing, at the Paris Exposition of 1881, a self- regulating machine, was decorated with the Legion of Honor. In 1883 he returned to London as the European representative of the United States Electric Light Co. An incident of his boyhood, in which the recoil of a rifle was noticed by him, and the apparent loss of power shown, in 188 1-2 prompted the invention of a gun which utilizes the recoil to automatically load and fire seven hundred and seventy shots per minute. The Maxim- Nordenfelt Gun Co., with a capital of nine million dollars, grew from this. In 1883 he patented his electric training gear for large guns. And later turned his attention to fly- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 195 ing machines, which he claimed were not an impossibility. He took out over one hundred patents for smokeless gunpowder, and for pe- troleum and other motors and autocycles. JOHN DAVISON ROCKEFELLER, one of America's very greatest financiers and philanthropists, was born in Richford, Tioga county, New York, July 8, 1839. He received a common-school education in his native place, and in 1853, when his parents removed to Cleveland, Ohio, he entered the high school of that city. After a two-years' course of diligent work, he entered the com- mission and forwarding house of Hewitt & Tuttle, of Cleveland, remaining with the firm some years, and then began business for himself, forming a partnership with Morris B. Clark. Mr. Rockefeller was then but nineteen years of age, and during the year i860, in connection with others, they started the oil refining business, under the firm name of Andrews, Clark & Co. Mr. Rockefeller and Mr. Andrews purchased the interest of their associates, and, after taking William Rockefeller into the firm, established offices in Cleveland under the name of William Rockefeller & Co. Shortly after this the house of Rockefeller & Co. was es- tablished in New York for the purpose of finding a market for their products, -and two years later all the refining companies were consolidated under the firm name of Rocke- feller, Andrews & Flagler. This firm was succeeded in 1870 by the Standard Oil Company of Ohio, said to be the most gigantic business corporation of modern times. John D. Rockefeller's fortune has been variously estimated at from one hun- dred million to two hundred million dollars. Mr. Rockefeller's philanthropy mani- fested itself principally through the American Baptist Educational Society. He donated the building for the Spelman Institute at Atlanta, Georgia, a school for the instruction of negroes. His other gifts were to the University of Rochester, Cook Academy, Peddie Institute, and Vassar College, be- sides smaller gifts to many institutions throughout the country. His princely do- nations, however, were to the University of Chicago. His first gift to this institution was a conditional offer of six hundred thou- sand dollars in 1889, and when this amount was paid he added one million more. Dur- ing 1892 he made it two gifts of one million each, and all told, his donations to this one institution aggregated between seven and eight millions of dollars. JOHN M. PALMER.— For over a third k-» of a century this gentleman occupied a prominent place in the political world, both in the state of Illinois and on the broader platform of national issues. Mr. Palmer was born at Eagle Creek, Scott county, Kentucky, September 13, 1817. The famil}' subsequently removed to Christian county, in the same state, where he acquired a common-school education, and made his home until 1831. His father was opposed to slavery, and in the latter year removed to Illinois and settled near Alton. In 1834 John entered Alton College, or- ganized on the manual-labor plan, but his funds failing, abandoned it and entered a cooper shop. He subsequently was en- gaged in peddling, and teaching a district school near Canton. In 1838 he began the study of law, and the following year re- moved to Carlinville, where, in December of that year, he was admitted to the bar. He was shortly after defeated for county clerk. In 1843 he was elected probate judge. In the constitutional convention of 1847, Mr. Palmer was a delegate, and from 1849 to 106 COMPENDIUM OF BI0GRAPH7\ 1 85 I he was county judge. In 1852 he be- came a member of the state senate, but not being with his party on the slavery question he resigned that office in 1854. In 1856 Mr. Pahner was chairman of the first Re- publican state convention held in Illinois, and the same year was a delegate to the national convention. In i860 he was an elector on the Lincoln ticket, and on the breaking out of the war entered the service as colonel of the Fourteenth Illinois Infan- try, but was shortly after brevetted brigadier- general. In August, 1862, he organized the One Hundred and Twenty-second Illi- nois Infantry, but in September he was placed in command of the first division of the Army of the Mississippi, afterward was promoted to the rank of major-general. In 1865 he was assigned to the military ad- ministration in Kentucky. In 1867 General Pfllmer was elected governor of Illinois and served four years. In 1872 he Vvent with the Liberal Republicans, who supported Horace Greeley, after which time he was identified with the Democratic party. In 1890 he was elected United States senator from Illinois, and served as such for six years. In 1896, on the adoption of the sil- ver plank in the platform of the Democratic party, General Palmer consented to lead, as presidential candidate, the National Dem- oc "-ats, or Gold Democracy. WILLIAM H. BEARD, the humorist among American painters, was born at Painesville, Ohio, in 1 821. His father, James H. Beard, was also a painter of na- tional reputation. William H. Beard be- gan his career as a traveling portrait painter. He pursued his studies in New York, and later removed to Buffalo, where he achieved reputation. He then went to Italy and after a short stay returned to New York and opened a studio. One of his earliest paintings was a small picture called "Cat and Kittens," which was placed in the National Academy on exhibition. Among his best productions are "Raining Cats and Dogs," "The Dance of Silenus," "Bears on a Bender," "Bulls and Bears," " Whoo!" " Grimalkin's Dream," "Little Red Riding Hood," "The Guardian of the Flag." His animal pictures convey the most ludicrous and satirical ideas, and the intelligent, human expression in their faces is most comical. Some artists and critics have re- fused to give Mr. Beard a place among the tirst circles in art, solely on account of the class of subjects he has chosen. WW. CORCORAN, the noted philan- throphist, was born at Georgetown, District of Columbia, December 27, 1798. At the age of twenty-five he entered the banking business in Washington, and in time became very wealthy. He was noted for his magnificent donations to char- ity. Oak Hill cemetery was donated to Georgetown in 1847, and ten years later the Corcoran Art Gallery, Temple of Art, was presented to the city of Washington. The uncompleted building was utilized by the government as quartermaster's headquar- ters during the war. The building was completed after the war at a cost of a mil- lion and a half dollars, all the gift of Mr. Corcoran. The Louise Home for Women is another noble charity to his credit. Its object is the care of women of gentle breed- ing who in declining years are without means of support. In addition to this he gave liberally to many worthy institutions of learning and charity. He died at Wash- ington February 24, 1888. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 197 ALBERT BIERSTADT, the noted paint- er of American landscape, was born in Dusseldorf, Germany, in 1829, and was brought to America by his parents at the age of two years. He received his early education here, but returned to Dusseldorf to study painting, and also went to Rome. On his return to America he accompanied Lander's expedition across the continent, in 1858, and soon after produced his most popular work, "The Rocky Mountains — Lander's Peak. " Its boldness and grandeur were so unusual that it made him famous. The picture sold for twenty-five thousand dollars. In 1S67 Mr. Bierstadt went to Europe, with a government commission, and gathered materials for his great historic- al work. "Discovery of the North River by Hendrik Hudson." Others of his great works were "Storm in the Rocky Mount- ains," " Valley of the Yosemite," "North Fork of the Platte," "Diamond Pool," "Mount Hood," "Mount Rosalie," and "The Sierra Nevada Mountains." His "Estes Park" sold for fifteen thousand dollars, and "Mount Rosalie" brought thirty-five thousand dollars. His smaller Rocky mountain scenes, hovi^ever, are vast- ly superior to his larger works in execution and coloring. ADDISON CAMMACK, a famous mill- ionaire Wall street speculator, was born in Kentucky. When sixteen years old he ran away from home and went to New Orleans, where he went to work in a ship- ping house. He outlived and outworked all the partners, and became the head of the firm before the opening of the war. At that time he fitted out small vessels and en- gaged in running the blockade of southern ports and carrymg ammunition, merchan- dise, etc., to the soutiiern people. This made him a fortune. At the close of the war he quit business and went to New York. For two years he did not enter any active business, but seemed to be simply an on-looker in the great speculative center of America. He was observing keenly the methods and financial machinery, however, and when, in 1867, he formed a partnership with the popular Charles J. Osborne, the firm began to prosper. He never had an office on the street, but wandered into the various brokers' offices and placed his orders as he saw fit. In 1873 he dissolved his partnership with Osborne and operated alone. He joined a band of speculative conspirators known as the "Twenty-third party," and was the ruling spirit in that or- ganization for the control of the stock mar- ket. He was always on the ' ' bear " side and the only serious obstacle he ever encoun- tered was the persistent boom in industrial stocks, particularly sugar, engineered by James R. Keane. Mr. Cammack fought Keane for two years, and during the time is said to have lost no less than two million dollars before he abandoned the fight. WALT. WHITMAN.— Foremost among thelesserpoetsof the latter part of the nineteenth century, the gentleman whose name adorns the head of this article takes a conspicuous place. Whitman was born at West Hills, Long Island, New York, May 13, 1809. In the schools of Brooklyn he laid the foundation of his education, and early in life learned the printer's trade. For a time he taught coun- try schools in his native state. In 1846-7 he was editor of the " Brooklyn Eagle, " but in 1848-9 was on the editorial staff of the "Crescent," of New Orleans. He made an extended tour throughout the United States and Canada, and returned to i98 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. Brooklyn, where, in 1850, he pubhshed the "Freeman. " For some years succeeding '.his he was engaged as carpenter and builder. During the Civil war. Whitman acted as a volunteer nurse in the hospitals at Washington and vicinity and from the close of hostilities until 1873 he was employed in various clerkships in the government offices in the nation's capital. In the latter year he was stricken with paralysis as a result of his labors in the hospital, it is said, and being partially disabled lived for many years at Camden, New Jersey. The first edition of the work which was to bring him fame, "Leaves of Grass," was published in 1855 and was but a small volume of about ninety-four pages. Seven or eight editions of "Leaves of Grass" have been issued, each enlarged and enriched with new poems. "Drum Taps," at first a separate publication, has been incorporated with the others. This volume and one prose writing entitled "Specimen Days and Collect," constituted his whole work. Walt. Whitman died at Camden, New Jersey, March 26, 1892. HENRY DUPONT, who became cele- brated as America's greatest manufact- urer of gunpowder, was a native of Dela- ware, born August 8, 1812. He received his education in its higher branches at the United States Military Academy at West Point, from which he graduated and entered the army as second lieutenant of artillery in 1833. In 1834 he resigned and became proprietor of the extensive gunpowder manufacturing plant that bears his name, near Wilmington, Delaware. His large business interests interfered with his tak- ing any active participation in political life, although for many years he served as adjutant-general of his native state, and during the war as major-general command- ing the Home Guards. He died August 8, 1889. His son, Henry A. Dupont, also was a native of Delaware, and was born July 30, 1838. After graduating from West Point in 1 86 1, he entered the army as second \\ lieutenant of engineers. Shortly after he was transferred to the Fifth Artillery as first lieutenant. He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1864, serving in camp and garrison most of the time. He was in com- mand of a battery in the campaign of 1863-4. As chief of artillery of the army of West Virginia, he figured until the close of the war, being in the battles of Opequan, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, besides many minor engagements. He afterward acted as instructor in the artillery school at Fortress Monroe, and on special duty at West Point. He resigned from the army March i, 1875. WILLIAM DEERING, one of the fa- mous manufacturers of America, and also a philanthropist and patron of educa- tion, was born in Maine in 1826. His an- cestors were English, having settled in New England in 1634. Early in life it was Will- iam's intention to become a physician, and after completing his common-school educa- tion, when about eighteen years of age, he began an apprenticeship with a physician. A short time later, however, at the request of his father, he took charge of his father's business interests, which included a woolen mill, retail store and grist mill, after which he became agent for a dry goods commission house in Portland, where he was married. Later he became partner in the firm, and removed to New York. The business pros- pered, and after a number of years, on ac- count of failing health, Mr. Deering sold his interest to his partner, a Mr. Milner. The COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 199 business has since made Mr. Milner a mill- ionaire many times over. A few years later Mr. Deering located in Chicago. His beginning in the manufacture of reapers, which has since made his name famous, was somewhat of an accident. He had loaned money to a man in that business, and in 1878 was compelled to buy out the business to protect his interests. The busi- ness developed rapidly and grew to immense proportions. The factories now cover si.xty- two acres of ground and employ many thou- sands of men. JOHN McAllister schofield, an American general, was born in Chautau- qua county. New York, September 29, 1831. He graduated at West Point in 1853, and was for five years assistant professor of nat- ural philosophy in that institution. In 1861 he entered the volunteer service as major of the First Missouri Volunteers, and was ap- pointed chief of stafi by General Lyon, under whom he fought at the battle of Wilson's Creek. In November, 1861, he was ap- pointed brigadier-general of volunteers, and was placed in command of the Missouri militia until November, 1862, and of the army of the frontier from that time until 1863. In 1862 he was made major-general of volunteers, and was placed in command of the Department of the Missouri, and in 1864 of the Department of the Ohio. During the campaign through Georgia General Scho- field was in command of the Twenty-third Army Corps, and was engaged in most of the fighting of that famous campaign. Novem- ber 30, 1864, he defeated Hood's army at Franklin, Tennessee, and then joined Gen- eral Thomas at Nashville. He took part in the battle of Nashville, where Hood's army was destroyed. In January, 1865, he led his corps into North Carolina, captured Wilmington, fought the battle of Kingston, and joined General Sherman at Goldsboro March 22, 1865. He executed the details of the capitulation of General Johnston to Sherman, which practically closed the war. In June, 1868, General Schofield suc- ceeded Edwin M. Stanton as secretary of war, but was the next year appointed major- general of the United States army, and order- ed to the Department of the Missouri. From 1870 to 1876 he was in command of the De- partment of the Pacific; from 1876 to 1881 superintendent of the West Point Military Academy; in 1883 he was in charge of the Department of the Missouri, and in 1886 of the division of the Atlantic. In 1888 he became general-in-chief of the United States army, and in February, 1895, was appoint- ed lieutenant-general by President Cleve- land, that rank having been revived by con- gress. In September, 1895, he was retired from active service. LEWIS WALLACE, an American gen- eral and famous author, was born iri Brookville, Indiana, April 10, 1827. He served in the Mexican war as first lieutenant of a company of Indiana Volunteers. After his return from Mexico he was admitted to the bar, and practiced law in Covington and Crawfordsville, Indiana, until 1861. At the opening of the war he was appointed ad- jutant-general of Indiana, and soon after be- came colonel of the Eleventh Indiana Vol- unteers. He defeated a force of Confeder- ates at Romney, West Virginia, and was made brigadier-general in September, 1861. At the capture of Fort Donelson in 1862 he commanded a division, and was engaged in the second day's fight at Shiloh. In 1863 his defenses about Cincinnati saved that city from capture by Kirby Smith. At Monoc- acy in July, 1864, he was defeated, but 200 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. his resistance delayed the advance of Gen- eral Early and thus saved Washington from capture. General Wallace was a member of the court that tried the assassins of President Lincoln, and also of that before whom Cap- tain Henry Wirtz, who had charge of the Andersonville prison, was tried. In 1881 General Wallace was sent as minister to Turkey. When not in official service he devoted much of his time to literature. Among his better known works are his "Fair God," "Ben Hur," "Prince of India," and a " Life of Benjamin Harrison." THOMAS FRANCIS BAYARD, an Ameri- can statesman and diplomat, was born at Wilmington, Delaware, October 29, 1828. He obtained his education at an Episcopal academy at Flushing, Long Island, and after a short service in a mercantile house in New York, he returned to Wilmington and entered his father's law office to prepare himself for the practice of that profession. He was admitted to the bar in 185 1. He was appointed to the office of United States district attorney for the state of Delaware, serving one year. In 1869 he was elected to the United States senate, and continuously represented his state in that body until 1S85, and in 1881, when Chester A. Arthur entered the presidential chair, Mr. Bayard was chosen president pro tcuiporc of the senate. He had also served on the famous electoral commission that decided the Hayes-Tilden contest in 1876-7. In 1885 President Cleve- land appointed Mr. Bayard secretary of state. At the beginning of Cleveland's sec- ond term, in 1893, Mr. Bayard was selected for the post of ambassador at the court of St. James, London, and was the first to hold that rank in American diplomacy, serving until the beginning of the McKinley admin- istration. The questions for adjustment at that time between the two governments were the Behring Sea controversy and the Venezuelan boundary question. He was very popular in England because of his tariff views, and because of his criticism of the protective policy of the United States in his public speeches delivered in London, Edinburgh and other places, he received, in March, 1896, a vote of censure in the lower house of congress. TOHN WORK GARRETT, for so many can statesman, was born in Liblar, Prus- sia, March 2, 1829. He studied at the Uni- versity of Bonn, and in 1849 was engaged in an attempt to excite an insurrection at that place. After the surrender of Rastadt by the revolutionists, in the defense of which Schurz took part, he decided to emigrate to America. He resided in Philadelphia three years, and then settled in Watertown, Wis- consin, and in 1859 removed to Milwaukee, where he practiced law. On the organiza- tion of the Republican party he became a leader of the German element and entered the campaign for Lincoln in i860. He was appointed minister to Spain in 1861, but re- signed in December of that year to enter the army. He was appointed brigadier- general in 1862, and participated in the second battle of Bull Run, and also at Chancellorsville. At Gettysburg he had temporary command of the Eleventh Army Corps, and also took part in the battle of Chattanooga. After the war he located at St. Louis, and in 1869 was elected United States sena- tor from Missouri. He supported Horace Greeley for the presidency in 1872, and in the campaign of 1876, having removed to New York, he supported Hayes and the Re- publican ticket, and was appointed secre- tary of the interior in 1877. In 1881 he became editor of the "New York Evening Post," and in 1884 was prominent in his opposition to James G. Blaine, and became a leader of the "Mugwumps," thus assist- ing in the election of Cleveland. In the presidential campaign of 1896 his forcible speeches in the interest of sound money wielded an immense influence. Mr. Schurz wrote a " Life of Henry Clay," said to be the best biography ever published of that eminent statesman. GEORGE F. EDMUNDS, an American statesman of national reputation, was born in Richmond, Vermont, February i, 1828. His education was obtained in the public schools and from the instructions of a private tutor. He was admitted to the bar, practiced law, and served in the state legislature from 1854 to 1859, during three years of that time being speaker of the lower house. He was elected to the state senate and acted as president pro tempore of that body in i86i and 1862. He became promi- nent for his activity in the impeachment proceedings against President Johnson, and was appointed to the United States senate to fill out the unexpired term of Solomon Foot, entering that body in 1866. He was re-elected to the senate four times, and served on the electoral commission in 1877. He became president pro tempore of the senate after the death of President Garfield, and was the author of the bill which put an end to the practice of polygamy in the ter- ritory of Utah. In November, 1891, owing to impaired health, he retired from the sen- ate and again resumed the practice of law. LUCIUS Q. C. LAMAR, a prominent political leader, statesman and jurist, was born in Putnam county, Georgia, Sep- ■202 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY tember 17, 1S25. He graduated from Emory College in 1845, studied law at Macon under Hon. A. H. Chappell, and was admitted to the bar in 1847. He moved to Oxford, Mississippi, in 1849, and was elected to a professorship in the State University. He resigned the next year and returned to Cov- ington, Georgia, and resumed the practice of law. In 1853 he was elected to the Georgia Legislature, and in 1854 he removed to his plantation in Lafayette county, Mis- sissippi, and was elected to represent his district in the thirty-fifth and thirty-sixth congresses. He resigned in i860, and was sent as a delegate to the secession conven- tion of the state. He entered the Confed- erate service in 1861 as lieutenant-colonel of the Nineteenth Regiment, and was soon after made colonel. In 1863 President Davis appointed him to an important diplo- matic mission to Russia. In 1866 he was elected professor of political economy and social science in the State University, and was soon afterward transferred to the pro- fessorship of the law department. He rep- resented his district in the forty-third and forty-fourth congresses, and was elected United States senator from Mississippi in 1877, and re-elected in 1882. In 1885, be- fore the expiration of his term, he was appointed by President Cleveland as secre- tary of the interior, which position he held until his appointment as associate justice of the United States supreme court, in 1888, in which capacity he served until his death, January 23, 1894. BENJAMIN PENHALLOW SHILLA- BER won fame in the world of humorists under the name of "Mrs. Parting- ton." He was born in 1841 at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and started out in life as a printer. Mr. Shillaber went to Dover, where he secured employment in a printing office, and from there he went to Demerara, Guiana, where he was employed as a com- positor in 1835-37. In 1840 he became connected with the "Boston Post," and acquired quite a reputation as a humorist by his "Sayings of Mrs. Partington." He remained as editor of the paper until 1850, when he printed and edited a paper of his own called the "Pathfinder," which he con- tinued until 1852. Mr. Shillaber be- came editor and proprietor of the "Carpet Bag," which he conducted during 1850-52, and then returned to the "Boston Post," with which he was connected until 1856. During the same time he was one of the editors of the "Saturday Evening Gazette," and continued in this line after he severed his connection with the "Post," for ten years. After 1866 Mr. Shillaber wrote for various newspapers and periodicals, and during his life published the following books: "Rhymes with Reason and Without," "Poems," "Life and Sayings of Mrs. Part- ington," "Knitting Work," and others. His death occurred at Chelsea, Massachu- setts, November 25, 1890. EASTMAN JOHNSON stands first among painters of American country life. He was born in Lovell, Maine, in 1824, and be- gan his work in drawing at the age of eight- een years. His first works were portraits, and, as he took up his residence in Wash- ington, the most famous men of the nation were his subjects. In 1846 he went to Bos- ton, and there made crayon portraits of Longfellow, Emerson, Sumner, Hawthorne and other noted men. In 1849 he went to Europe. He studied at Dusseldorf, Ger- many; spent a year at the Royal Academy, and thence to The Hague, where he spent four years, producing there his first pictures. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 203 of consequence, "The Card-Players " and "The Savoyard." He then went to Paris, but was called home, after an absence from America of six years. He lived some time in Washington, and then spent two years among the Indians of Lake Superior. In 1858 he produced his famous picture, "The Old Kentucky Home." He took up his permanent residence at New York at that time. His " Sunday Morning in Virginia " is a work of equal merit. He was espe- cially successful in coloring, a master of drawing, and the expression conveys with precision the thought of the artist. His portrayal of family life and child life is un- equalled. Among his other great works are "The Confab," "Crossing a Stream,' "Chimney Sweep," "Old Stage Coach," " The New Bonnet," " The Drummer Boy," "Childhood of Lincoln," and a great vari- ety of equally familiar subjects. PIERCE GUSTAVE TOUTANT BEAU- REGARD, one of the most distin- guished generals in the Confederate army, was born near New Orleans, Louisiana, May 28, 181 8. He graduated from West Point Military Academy in 1838, and v/as made second lieutenant of engineers. He was with General Scott in Mexico, and dis- tinguished himself at Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, and the battles near the City of Mexico, for which he was twice brevetted. After the Mexican war closed he was placed in charge of defenses about New Orleans, and in i860 was appointed superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point. He held this position but a few months, when he resigned February 20, 1 86 1, and accepted a commission of briga- dier-general in the Confederate army. He directed the attack on Fort Sumter, the first engagement of the Civil war. He was 12 in command of the Confederates at the first battle of Bull Run, and for this victory was made general. In 1862 he was placed in command of the Army of the Mississippi, and planned the attack upon General Grant at Shiloh, and upon the death of General Johnston he took command of the army and was only defeated by the timely arrival of General Buell with reinforcements. He commanded at Charleston and successfully defended that city against the combined at- tack by land and sea in 1863. In 1864 he was in command in Virginia, defeating Gen- eral Butler, and resisting Grant's attack upon Petersburg until reinforced from Rich- mond. During the long siege which fol- lowed he was sent to check General Sher- man's march to the sea, and was with Gen- eral Joseph E. Johnston when that general surrendered in 1865. After the close of the war he was largely interested in railroad management. In 1 866 he was offered chief command of the Army of Roumania, and in 1869, that of the Army of Egypt. He de- clined these offers. His death occurred February 20, 1893. HENRY GEORGE, one of America's most celebrated political economists, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 2, 1839. He received a common- school education and entered the high school in 1853, and then went into a mer- cantile office. He made several voyages on the sea, and settled in California in 1858. He then worked at the printer's trade for a number of years, which he left to follow the editorial profession. He edited in succession several daily newspapers, and attracted at- tention by a number of strong essays and speeches on political and social questions. In 1 87 1 he edited a pamphlet, entitled ' ' Oui Land and Policy," in which he outlined 9 204 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. theory, which has since made him so widely known. This was developed in " Progress and Poverty," a book which soon attained a large circulation on both sides of the Atlan- tic, which has been extensively translated. In iS8o Mr. George located in New York, where he made his home, though he fre- quently addressed audiences in Great Britain, Ireland, Australia, and throughout the United States. In 1886 he was nominated by the labor organizations for mayor of New York, and made a campaign notable for its development of unexpected power. In 1887 he was candidate of the Union Labor party for secretary of state of New York. These cam- paigns served to formulate the idea of a. single tax and popularize the Australian ballot sys- tem. Mr. George became a free trader in 1888, and in 1892 supported the election of Grover Cleveland. His political and eco- nomic ideas, known as the "single tax," have a large and growing support, but are not confined to this country alone. He wrote numerous miscellaneous articles in support of his principles, and also published: "The Land Question," " Social Problems," "Protection or Free Trade," "The Condi- tion of Labor, an Open Letter to Pope Leo XIII.," and " Perplexed Philosopher." THOMAS ALEXANDER SCOTT. —This name is indissolubly connected with the history and development of the railway systems of the United States. Mr. Scott was born December 28, 1823, at London, Franklin county, Pennsjdvania. He was first regularly employed by Major James Patton, the collector of tolls on the state road be- tween Philadelphia and Columbia, Penn- sylvania. He entered into the employ of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in 1850,- and went through all the different branches of work until he had mastered all the details of the office work, and in 1858 he was ap- pointed general superintendent. Mr. Scott was the next year chosen vice-president of the road. This position at once brought him before the public, and the enterprise and ability displayed by him in its manage- ment marked him as a leader among the railroad men of the country. At the out- break of the rebellion in 1861, Mr. Scott was selected by Governor Curtin as a mem- ber of his staff, and placed in charge of the equipment and forwarding of the state troops to the seat of war. On April 27, 1861, the secretary of war desired to establish a new line of road between the. national capital and Philadelphia, for the more expeditious transportation of troops. He called upon Mr. Scott to direct this work, and the road by the way of Annapolis and Perryville was completed in a marvelously siiort space of time. On May 3, 1861, he was commis- sioned colonel of volunteers, and on the 23d of the same month the government railroads and telegraph lines were placed in his charge. Mr. Scott was the first assistant secretary of war ever appointed, and he took charge of this new post August i, 1861. In Janu- ary, 1862, he was directed to organize: transportation in the northwest, and in' March he performed the same ser\'ice on the western rivers. He resigned June i, 1862, and resumed his direction of afiairs on the Pennsylvania Railroad. Colonel Scott ■ directed the policy that secured to his road the control of the western roads, and be- came the president of the new company to operate these lines in 1871. For one year, from March, 1871, he was president of the Union Pacific Railroad, and in 1874 he suc- ceeded to the presidency of the Pennsyl- vania Company. He projected the Texas Pacific Railroad and was for many years its president. Colonel Scott's health failed COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 205 him and he resigned the presidency of the road June i, iSSo, and died at his home in Darby, Pennsylvania, May 21, 1881. ROBERT TOOMBS, an American states- man of note, was born in Wilkes coun- ty, Georgia, Julj' 2, iSio. He attended the University of Georgia, and graduated from Union College, Schenectady, New York, and then took a law course at the University of \'irginia. In 1830, before he had attained his majority, he was admitted to the bar by special act of the legislature, and rose rapidly in his profession, attracting the attention of the leading statesmen and judges of that time. He raised a volunteer company for the Creek war, and served as captain to the close. He was elected to the state legislature in 1837, re-elected in 1842, and in 1844 was elected to congress. He had been brought up as a JefTersonian Democrat, but voted for Harrison in 1840 and for Clay in 1844. He made his first speech in congress on the Oregon question, and immediately took rank with the greatest debaters of that body. In 1853 he was elected to the United States senate, and again in 1859, but when his native state seceded he resigned his seat in the senate and was elected to the Confederate con- gress. It is stated on the best authority that had it not been for a misunderstanding which could not be explained till too late he would ha\e been elected president of the Confederacy. He was appointed secretary of state by President Davis, but resigned after a few months and was commissioned brigadier-general in the Confederate army. He won distinction at the second battle of Bull Run and at Sharpsburg, but resigned his commission soon after and returned to Georgia. He organized the militia of Georgia to resist Sherman, and was made , brigadier-general of the state troops. He left the country at the close of the war and did not return until 1867. He died Decem- ber 15, 1885. AUSTIN CORBIN, one of the greatest railway magnates of the United States, was born July 11, 1S27, at Newport, New Hampshire. He studied law with Chief Justice Gushing and Governor Ralph Met- calf, and later took a course in the Harvard Law School, where he graduated in 1849. He was admitted to the bar, and practiced law, with Governor Metcalf as his partner, until October 12, 1851. Mr. Corbin then removed to Davenport, Iowa, where he re- mained until 1865. In 1854 he was a part- ner in the banking firm of Macklot & Cor- bin, and later he organized the First Na- tional bank of Davenport, Iowa, which commenced business June 29, 1863, and which was the first national bank open for business in the United States. Mr. Corbin sold out his business in the Davenport bank, and removed to New York in 1865 and com- menced business with partners under the style of Corbin Banking Compan\-. Soon after his removal to New York he became interested in railroads, and became one of the leading railroad men of the country. The development of the west half of Coney Island as a summer resort first brought him into general prominence. He built a rail- road from New York to the island, and built great hotels on its ocean front. He next turned his attention to Long Island, and secured all the railroads and consoli- dated them under one management, became president of the system, and under his con- trol Long Island became the great ocean suburb of New York. His latest public achievement was the rehabilitation of the Reading Railroad, of Pennsylvania, and 206 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. during the same time he and his friends purchased the controlHng interest of the New Jersey Central Railroad. He took it out of the hands of the receiver, and in three years had it on a dividend-paying basis. Mr. Corbin's death occurred June 4, 1896. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, Sr., was one of the greatest journalistg of America in his day. He was born Septem- ber I, 1795, at New Mill, near Keith, Scot- land. At the age of fourteen he was sent to Aberdeen to study for the priesthood, but, convinced that he was mistaken in his vocation, he determined to emigrate. He landed at Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 18 19, where he attempted to earn a living by teaching bookkeeping. Failing in this he went to Boston and found employment as a proof reader. Mr. Bennett went to New York.about 1822 and wrote for the news- papers. Later on he became assistant editor in the office of the "Charleston Courier, "but returned to New York in 1824 and endeavored to start a commercial school, but was unsuccessful in this, and again returned to newspaper work. He continued in newspaper work with varying success until, at his suggestion, the "En- quirer" was consolidated with another paper, and became the "Courier and En- quirer," with James Watson Webb as editor and Mr. Bennett for assistant. At this time this was the leading American newspaper. He, however, severed his con- nection with this newspaper and tried, without success, other ventures in the line of journalism until May 6, 1835, when he issued the first number of the "New York Herald." Mr. Bennett wrote the entire paper, and made up for lack of news by his own imagination. The paper became popu- lar, and in 1838 he engaged European jour- nalists as regular correspondents. In 1841 the income derived from his paper was at least one hundred thousand dollars. Dur- ing the Civil war the " Herald " had on its staff sixty-three war correspondents and the circulation was doubled. Mr. Bennett was interested with John W. Mackay in that great enterprise which is now known as the Mac- kay-Bennett Cable. He had collected for use in his paper over fifty thousand biographies, sketches and all manner of information re- garding every well-known man, which are still kept in the archives of the "Herald" office. He died in the city of New York in 1872, and left to his son, James Gordon, Jr., one of the greatest and most profitable journals in the United States, or even in the world. OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, a noted American, won distinction in the field of literature, in which he attained a world-wide reputation. He was born at Cambridge, Massachusetts, August 29, 1809. He received a collegiate education and grad- uated from Harvard in 1829, at the age of twenty, and took up the study of law and later studied medicine. Dr. Holmes at- tended several years in the hospitals of Europe and received his degree in 1836. He became professor of anatomy and phys- iology in Dartmouth in 1838, and re- mained there until 1847, when he was called to the Massachusetts Medical School at Boston to occupy the same chair, which position he resigned in 1882. The first collected edition of his poems appeared in 1836, and his "Phi Beta Kappa Poems," "Poetry," in 1836; "Terpsichore," in 1843; "Urania," in 1846, and "Astraea," won for him many fresh laurels. His series of papers in the "Atlantic Monthly," were: COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 207 "Autocrat of the Breakfast Table," "Pro- fessor at the Breakfast Table," "Poet at the Breakfast Table," and are a series of masterly wit, humor and pathos. Among his medical papers and addresses, are : ' 'Cur- rents and Counter-currents in the Medical Science," and ^'Borderland in Some Prov- inces of Medical Science." Mr. Holmes edited quite a number of works, of which we quote the following: "Else Venner, " "Songs in Many Keys," "Soundings from the Atlantic," "Humorous Poems," "The Guardian Angel," "Mechanism in Thoughts and Morals," "Songs of Many Seasons," "John L. Motley" — a memoir, "The Iron Gate and Other Poems," "Ralph Waldo Emerson," "A Moral Antipathy." Dr. Holmes visited England for the second time, and while there the degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him by the University of Edinburgh. His death occurred October 7. 1894- RUFUS CHOATE, one of the most em- inent of America's great lawyers, was born October i, 1799, at Essex, Massachu- setts. He entered Dartmouth in 181 5, and after taking his degree he remained as a teacher in the college for one year. He took up the study of law in Cambridge, and subsequently studied under the distinguished lawyer, Mr. Wirt, who was then United States attorney-general at Washington. Mr. Choatebegan the practice of law in Danvers, Massachusetts, and from there he went to Salem, and afterwards to Boston, Massa- chusetts. While living at Salem he was elected to congress in 1832, and later, in [841, he was chosen United States senator to succeed Daniel Webster, Mr. Webster having been appointed secretary of state under William Henry Harrison. After the death of Webster, Mr Choate was the acknowledged leader of the Massa- chusetts bar, and was looked upon by the younger members of the profession with an affection that almost amounted to a rever- ence. Mr. Choate's powers as an orator were of the rarest order, and his genius made it possible for him to enchant and in- terest his listeners, even while discussing the most ordinary theme. He was not merely eloquent on the subjects that were calculated to touch the feelings and stir the passions of his audience in themselves, but could at all times command their attention. He re- tired from active life in 1858, and was on his way to Europe, his physician having ordered a sea voyage for his health, but had only reached Halifax, Nova Scotia, when he died, July 13, 1858. D WIGHT L. MOODY, one of the most noted and effective pulpit orators and evangelists America has produced, was born in Northfield, Franklin county, Massachu- setts, February 5, 1837. He received but a meager education and worked on a farm until seventeen years of age, when he be- came clerk in a boot and shoe store in Boston. Soon after this he joined the Con- gregational church and went to Chicago, where he zealously engaged in missionary work among the poor classes. He met with great success, and in less than a year he built up a Sunday-school which numbered over one thousand children. When the war broke out he became connected with what was known as the "Christian Com- mission," and later became city missionary of the Young Men's Christian Association at Chicago. A church was built there for his converts and he became its unordained pas- tor. In the Chicago fire of 1871 the church and Mr. Moody's house and furniture, which had been given him, were destroyed. The 208 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. church edifice was afterward replaced by a new church erected on the site of the old one. In 1873, accompanied by Ira D. Sankey, Mr. Moody went to Europe and excited great rehgious awakenings through- out England, Ireland and Scotland. In 1875 they returned to America and held large meetings in various cities. They afterward made another visit to Great Britain for the same purpose, meeting with great success, returning to the United States in 1S84. Mr. Moody afterward continued his evangelistic work, meeting everywhere with a warm reception and success. Mr. Moody produced a number of works, some of which had a wide circulation. JOHN PIERPONT MORGAN, a financier of world-wide reputation, and famous as the head of one of the largest banking houses in the world, was born April 17, 1837, at Hartford, Connecticut. He re- ceived his early education in the English" high school, in Boston, and later supple- mented this with a course in the University of Gottingen, Germany. He returned to the United States, in 1857, and entered the banking firm of Duncan, Sherman & Co., of New York, and, in i860, he became agent and attorney, in the United States, for George Peabody & Co., of London. He became the junior partner in the banking firm of Dabney, Morgan & Co., in 1864, and that of Drexel, Morgan & Co., in 1871. This house was among the chief negotiators of railroad bonds, and was active in the re- organization of the West Shore Railroad, and its absorption by the New York Central Railroad. It was conspicuous in the re- organization of the Philadelphia & Read- ing Railroad, in 1887, which a sj'udicate of capitalists, formed by Mr. Morgan, placed on a sound financial basis. After that time many other lines of railroad and gigantic financial enterprises were brought under Mr. Morgan's control, and in some respects it may be said he became the foremost financier of the centurv. THOMAS BRACKETT REED, one of the most eminent of American states- men, was born October 18, 1839, at Port- land, Maine, where he received his early education in the common schools of the city, and prepared himself for college. Mr. Reed graduated from Bowdoin College in i860, and won one of the highest honors of the college, the prize for excellence in Eng- lish composition. The following four years were spent by him in teaching and in the study of law. Before his admission to the bar, however, he was acting assistant pay- master in the United States navy, and served on the "tin-clad" Sybil, which pa- trolled the Tennessee, Cumberland and Mississippi rivers. After his discharge in 1865, he returned to Portland, was admit- ted to the bar, and began the practice of his profession. He entered into political life, and in 1 868 was elected to the legislature of Maine as a Republican, and in 1869 he was re-elected to the house, and in 1870 was made state senator, from which he passed to attorney-general of the state. He retired from this office in 1873, and until 1877 he was solicitor for the city of Portland. In 1876 he was elected to the forty-fifth congress, which assembled in 1877. Mr. Reed sprung into prominence in that body by one of the first speeches which he delivered, and his long service in congress, coupled with his ability, gave him a national reputation. His influence each year became more strongly marked, and the leadership of his party was finally conceded to him, and in the forty-ninth and fiftieth I COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 209 congresses the complimentary nomination for the speakership was tendered him by the RepubHcans. That party having obtained the ascendency in the fifty-first congress he was elected speaker on the first ballot, and he was again chosen speaker of the fifty- fourth and fifth-fifth congresses. As a writer, Mr. Reed contributed largely to the maga^ines and periodicals, and his book upon parliamentary rules is generally rec- ognized as authority on that subject. CLARA BARTON is a celebrated char- acter among what might be termed as the highest grade of philanthropists Amer- ica has produced. She was born on a farm at 0.xford, Massachusetts, a daughter of Captain Stephen Barton, and was educated at Clinton, New York. She engaged in teaching early in life, and founded a free school at Bordentown, the first in New Jer- sey. She opened with six pupils, but the attendance had grown to si.x hundred up to 1854, when she went to Washington. She was appointed clerk in the patent depart- ment, and remained there until the out- break of the Civil war, when she resigned her position and devoted herself to the al- leviation of the sufferings of the soldiers, serving, not in the hospitals, but on the bat- tle field. She was present at a number of battles, and after the war closed she origi- nated, and for some time carried on at her own expense, the search for missing soldiers. She then for several years devoted her time to lecturing on "Incidents of the War." About 1868 she went to Europe for her health, and settled in Switzerland, but on the outbreak of the Franco-German war she ac- cepted the invitation of the grand duchess of Baden to aid in the establishment of her liospitals, and Miss Barton afterward fol- lowed the German army She was deco- rated with the golden cross by the grand duke of Baden, and with the iron cross by the emperor of Germany. She also served for many years as president of the famous Red Cross Society and attamed a world- wide reputation. CARDINAL JAMES GIBBONS, one of the most eminent Catholic clergymen in America, was born in Baltimore, Mary- land, July 23, 1834. He was given a thorough education, graduated at St. Charles College, Maryland, in 1857, and studied theology in St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, Maryland. In 1861 he became pastor of St. Bridget's church in Baltimore, and in 1868 was consecrated vicar apostolic of North Carolina. In 1872 our subject be- came bishop of Richmond, Virginia, and five years later was made archbishop c: Bal- timore. On the 30th of June, 1880, he was admitted to the full degree of cardinal and primate of the American Catholic church. He was a fluent writer, and his book, "Faith of Our Fathers,' had a wide circulation. CHAUNCEY MITCHELL DEPEW.— This name is, without doubt, one of the most widely known in the United States. Mr. Depew was born April 23, 1834, at Peekskill, New York, the home of the Depew family for two hundred years. He attended the common schools of his native place, where he prepared himself to enter college. He began his collegiate course at Yale at the age of eighteen and graduated in 1856. He early took an active interest in politics and joined the Republican party at its for- mation. He then took up the study of law and went into the office of ttic Hon. Will- iam Nelson, of Peekskill, for that purpose, and in 1858 he was admitted to the bar. 210 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. He was sent as a delegate by the new party to the Repubhcan state convention of that year. He began the practice of his profes- sion in 1859, but though he was a good worker, his attention was detracted by tho campaign of i860, in which he took an act- ive part. During this campaign he gained his first laurels as a public speaker. Mr. Depew was elected assemblyman in 1862 from a Democratic district. In 1863 he se- cured the nomination for secretary of state, and gained that post by a majority of thirty thousand. In 1866 he left the field of pol- itics and entered into the active practice of his law business as attorney for the New York & Harlem Railroad Company, and in 1869 when this road was consoli- dated with the New York Central, and called the New York Central & Hudson riiver Railroad, he was appointed the attor- ney for the new road. His rise in the rail- road business was rapid, and ten years after his entrance into the Vanderbilt system as attorney for a single line, he was the gen- eral counsel for one of the largest railroad systems in the world. He was also a director in the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Michigan Central, Chicago & Northwestern, St. Paul & Omaha, West Shore, and Nickel Plate railroad companies. In 1874 Mr. Depew was made regent of the State University, and a member of the commission appointed to superintend the erection of the capitol at Albany. In 1882, on the resignation of W. H. Vanderbilt from the presidency of the New York Cen- tral and the accession to that office by lames H. Rutter, Mr. Depew was made second vice-president, and held that posi- tion until the death of Mr. Rutter in 1885. In this year Mr. Depew became the e.xecu- tive head of this great corporation. Mr. Depew's greatest fame grew from his ability and eloquence as an orator and " after-din- ner speaker," and it has been said by emi- nent critics that this country has never pro- duced his equal in wit, fluency and eloquence. PHILIP KEARNEY.— Among the most dashing and brilliant commanders in the United States service, few have outshone the talented officer whose name heads this sketch. He was born in New York City, June 2, 181S, and was of Irish ancestry and imbued with all the dash and bravery of the Celtic race. He graduated from Columbia College and studied law, but in 1837 ac- cepted a commission as lieutenant in the First United States Dragoons, of which his uncle, Stephen W. Kearney, was then colo- nel. He was sent by the government, soon after, to Europe to examine and report upon the tactics of the French cavalry. There he attended the Polytechnic School, at Samur, and subsequently served as a vol- unteer in Algiers, winning the cross of the Legion of Honor. He returned to the United States in 1840, and on the staff of General Scott, in the Me.xican war, served with great gallantry. He was made a cap- tain of dragoons in 1846 and made major for services at Contreras and Cherubusco. In the final assault on the City of Mexico, at the San Antonio Gate, Kearney lost an arm. He subsequently served in California and the Pacific coast. In 185 i he resigned his commission and went to Europe, where he resumed his military studies. In the Italian war, in 1859, he served as a volun- teer on the staff of General Maurier, of the French army, and took part in the battles of Solferino and Magenta, and for bravery was, for the second time, decorated with the cross of the Legion of Honor. On the opening of the Civil war he hastened home, and, offering his services to the general gov- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRATHr. 211 ernment, was made brigadier-general of volunteers and placed in command of a bri- gade of New Jersey troops. In the cam- paign under McClellan he commanded a di- vision, and at Williamsburg and Fair Oaks his services were valuable and brilliant, as well as in subsequent engagements. At Harrison's Landing he was made major-gen- eral of volunteers. In the second battle of Bull Run he was conspicuous, and at the battle of Chantilly, September i, 1862, while leading in advance of his troops, Gen- eral Kearney was shot and killed. RUSSELL SAGE, one of the financial giants of the present century and for more than an average generation one of the most conspicuous and celebrated of Ameri- cans, was born in a frontier hamlet in cen- tral New York in August, 1816. While Rus- sell was still a boy an elder brother, Henry Risley Sage, established a small grocery store at Troy, New York, and here Russell found his first employment, as errand boy. He served a five-years apprenticeship, and then joined another brother, Elisha M. Sage, in a new venture in the sam.e line, which proved profitable, at least for Russell, who soon became its sole owner. Next he formed the partnership of Sage & Bates, and greatly extended his field of operations. At twenty-five he had, by his own exertions, amassed what was, in those days, a consid- erable fortune, being worth about seventy- five thousand dollars. He had acquired an influence in local politics, and four years later his party, the Whigs, elected him to the aldermanic board of Troy and to the treasuryship of Rensselaer county. In 1848 he was a prominent member of the New York delegation to the Whig convention at Philadelphia, casting his first votes for Henry Clay, but joining the "stampede" which nominated Zachary Taylor. In 1850 the Whigs of Troy nominated him for congress, but he was not elected — a failure which he retrieved two years later, and in 1854 he was re-elected by a sweeping majority. At Washington he ranked high in influence and ability. Fame as a speaker and as a polit- ical leader was within his grasp, when he gave up public life, declined a renomination to congress, and went back to Troy to de- vote himself to his private business. Six years later, in 1863, he removed to New York and plunged into the arena of Wall street. A man of boundless energy and tireless pertinacity, with wonderful judg- ment of men and things, he soon took his place as a king in finance, and, it is said, during the latter part of his life he con- trolled more ready money than any other single individual on this continent. ROGER QUARLES MILLS, a noted United States senator and famous as the father of the "Mills tariff bill, "was born in Todd county, Kentucky, March 30, 1832. He received a liberal education in the com- mon schools, and removed to Palestine, Texas, in 1849. He took up the study of law, and supported himself by serving as an assistant in the post-office, and in the offices of the court clerks. In 1850 he was elected engrossing clerk of the Texas house of rep- resentatives, and in 1852 was admitted to the bar, while still a minor, by special act of the legislature. He then settled at Cor- sicana, Texas, and began the active prac- tice of his profession. He was elected to the state legislature in 1859, and in 1872 he was elected to congress from the state at large, as a Democrat. After his first elec- tion he was continuously returned to con- gress until he resigned to accept the posi- tion of United States senator, to which he 212 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. %v;.s elected March 23, 1892, to succeed Hon. Hoi ace Chilton. He took his seat in the senate March 30, 1892; was afterward re-elected and ranked among the most use- ful and prominent members of that body. In 1876 he opposed the creation of the elec- toral commission, and in 1887 canvassed the state of Texas against the adoption of a prohibition amendment to its constitution, which was defeated. He introduced into the house of representatives the bill that was known as the "Mills Bill," reducing duties on imports, and extending the free list. The bill passed the house on July 21, 1888, and made the name of "Mills" famous throughout the entire country. HAZEN S. PINGREE, the celebrated Michigan political leader, was born in Maine in 1842. Up to fourteen years of age he worked hard on the stony ground of his father's small farm. Attending school in the winter, he gained a fair education, and when not laboring on the farm, he found employment in the cotton mills in the vicinity. He resolved to find more steady work, and accordingly went to Hopkinton, Massachusetts, where he entered a shoe fac- tory, but on the outbreak of the war he en- listed at once and was enrolled in the First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He partici- pated in the battle of Bull Run, which was his initial fight, and served creditably his early term of service, at the expiration of which he re-enlisted. He fought in the battles of Fredricksburg, Harris Farm, Spottsylvania Court House and Cold Har- bor In 1864 he was captured by Mosby, and spent five months at Andersonville, Georgia, as a prisoner, but escaped at the end of that time. He re-entered the service and participated in the battles of Fort Fisher, Boyden, and Sailor's Creek. He was honorably mustered out of service, and in 1866 went to Detroit, Michigan, where he made use of his former experience in a shoe factory, and found work. Later he formed a partnership with another workman and started a small factory, which has since become a large establishment. Mr. Pin- gree made his entrance into politics in 1889, in which year he was elected by a surpris- ingly large majority as a Republican to the mayoralty of Detroit, in which office he was the incumbent during four consecutive terms. In November, 1896, he was elected gov- ernor of the state of Michigan. While mayor of Detroit, Mr. Pingree originated and put into execution the idea of allowing the poor people of the city the use of va- cant city lands and lots for the purpose of raising potatoes. The idea was enthusiast- ically adopted by thousands of poor families, attracted wide attention, and gave its author a national reputation as "Potato-patch Pin- gree." THOMAS ANDREW HENDRICKS, an eminent American statesman and a Democratic politician of national fame, was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, Septem- ber 7, 1 8 19. In 1822 he removed, with his father, to Shelby county, Indiana. He graduated from the South Hanover College in 1 841, and two years later was admitted to the bar. In 1851 he was chosen a mem- ber of the state constitutional convention, and took a leading part in the deliberations of that body. He was elected to congress in 1851, and after serving two terms was appointed commissioner of the United States general land-office. In 1863 he was elected to the United States senate, where his dis- tinguished services commanded the respect of all parties. He was elected governor of Indiana in 1872, serving four years, and in COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 213 J 876 was nominated by the Democrats as candidate for the vice-presidency with Til- den. The returns in a number of states were contested, and resulted in the appoint- ment of the famous electoral commission, which decided in favor of the Republican candidates. In 1884 Mr. Hendricks was again nominated as candidate for the vice- presidency, by the Democratic party, on the ticket with Grover Cleveland, was elected, and served about six months. He died at Indianapolis, November 25, 1885. He was regarded as one of the brainiest men in the party, and his integrity was never ques- tioned, even by his political opponents. GARRETT A. HOBART, one of the many able men who have held the high office of vice-president of the United States, was born June 3, 1844, in Mon- mouth county. New Jersey, and in i860 en- tered the sophomore class at Rutgers Col- lege, from which he graduated in 1863 at the age of nineteen. He then taught school until he entered the law office of Socrates Tuttle, of Paterson, New Jersey, with whom he studied law. and in 1869 was admitted to the bar. He immediately began the active practice of his profession ill the office of the above named gentleman. He became interested in political life, and espoused the cause of the Republican party, and in 1865 held his first office, serving as clerk for the grand jury. He was also city counsel of Paterson in 1871, and in May, 1872, was elected counsel for the board of chosen freeholders. He entered the state legislature in 1873, and was re-elected to the assembly in 1874. Mr. Hobart was made speaker of the assembly in 1876, and and in 1879 was elected to the state senate. After serving three years in the same, he was elected president of that body in 1881, and the following* year was re-elected to that office. He was a delegate-at -large to the Republican national convention in 1876 and 1880, and was elected a member of the national committee in 1884, which pos-tion he occupied continuously until 1896. He was then nominated for vice-president by the Republican national convention, anr* was elected to that office in the fall of 1896 on the ticket with William McKinley. WILLIAM MORRIS STEWART, noted as a political leader and senator, was born in Lyons, Wayne county. New York, August 9, 1827, and removed with his par- ents while still a small child to Mesopota- mia township, Trumbull county, Ohio. He attended the Lyons Union school and Farm- ington Academy, where he obtained his ed- ucation. Later he taught mathematics in the former school, while yet a pupil, and with the little money thus earned and the assistance of James C. Smith, one of the judges of the supreme court of New York, he entered Yale College. He remained there until the winter of 1849-50, when, at- tracted by the gold discoveries in California he wended his way thither. He arrived at San Francisco in May, 1850, and later en- gaged in mining with pick and shovel in Ne- vada county. In this way he accumulated some money, and in the spring of 1852 he took up the study of law under John R. McConnell. The following December he was appointed district attorney, to which office he was chosen at the general election of the next year. In 1854 he was ap- pointed attorney-general of California, and in i860 he removed to Virginia City, Ne- vada, where he largely engaged in early mining litigation. Mr. Stewart was also in- terested in the development of the "Com- stock lode," and in 1861 was chosen a 214 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. member of the territorial council. He was elected a member of the constitutional con- vention in 1S63, and was elected United States senator in 1864, and re-elected in 1869. At the expiration of his term in 1875, he resumed the practice of law in Nevada, California, and the Pacific coast generally. He was thus engaged when he was elected again to the United States sen- ate as a Republican in 1887 to succeed the late James G. Fair, a Democrat, and took his seat March 4, 1887. On the expiration of his term he was again re-elected and be- came one of the leaders of his party in con- gress. His ability as an orator, and the prominent part he took in the discussion of public questions, gained him a national rep- utation. GEORGE GRAHAM VEST, for many years a prominent member of the United States senate, was born in Frank- fort, Kentucky, December 6, 1848. He graduated from Center College in 1868, and from the law department of the Transyl- vania University of Lexington, Kentucky, in 1853. In the same year he removed to Missouri and began the practice of his pro- fession, In i860 he was an elector on the Democratic ticket, and was a member of the lower house of the Missouri legislature in 1860-61, He was elected to the Con- federate congress, serving two years in the lower house and one in the senate. He then resumed the practice of law, and in 1879 was elected to the senate of the United States to succeed James Shields. He was re-elected in 1885, and again in 1891 and 1897. His many years of service in the National congress, coupled with his ability as a speaker and the active part he took in the discussion of public questions, gave him a wide reputation. HANNIBAL HAMLIN, a noted American statesman, whose name is indissolubly connected with the history of this country, was born in Paris, Maine, August 27, 1809. He learned the printer's trade and followed that calling for several years. He then studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1833. He was elected to the legislature of the state of Maine, where he was several times chosen speaker of the lower house. He was elected to congress by the Demo- crats in 1843, and re-elected in 1845. I" 1848 he was chosen to the United States senate and served in that body until 1861. He was elected governor of Maine in 1857 on the Republican ticket, but resigned when re-elected to the United States senate the same year. He was elected vice-presi- dent of the United States on the ticket with Lincoln in i860, and inaugurated in March, 1 861. In 1865 he was appointed collector of the port of Boston. Beginning with 1869 he served two six-year terms in the United States senate, and was then ap- pointed by President Garfield as minister to Spain in 1881. His death occurred July 4, 1891. TSHAM G. HARRIS, famous as Confed- 1 erate war governor of Tennessee, and distinguished by his twenty years of service in the senate of the United States, was born in Franklin county, Tennessee, and educated at the Academy of Winchester. He then took up the study of law, was ad- mitted to the bar, and commenced practice at Paris, Tennessee, in 1841. He was elected to the state legislature in 1847, was a candidate for presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1848, and the next year was elected to congress from his dis- trict, and re elected in 185 1. In 1853 he was renominated by the Democrats of his COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 215 district, but declined, and removed to Mem- phis, where he took up the practice of law. He was a presidential elector-at-large irom Tennessee in 1856, and was elected gov- ernor of the state the next year, and again in 1859, and in 1861. He was driven from Nashville by the advance of the Union armies, and for the last three years of the war acted as aid upon the staff of the com- manding general of the Confederate army of Tennessee. After the war he went to Liverpool, England, where he became a merchant, but returned to Memphis in 1867, and resumed the practice of law. In 1877 he was elected to the United States senate, to which position he was successively re- elected until his death in 1897. NELSON DINGLEY, Jr., for nearly a quarter of a century one of the leaders in congress and framer of the famous " Dingley tariff bill," was born in Durham, Maine, in 1832. His father as well as all his ancestors, were farmers, merchants and mechanics and of English descent. Young Dingley was given the advantages first of the common schools and in vacations helped his father in the store and on the farm. When twelve years of age he attended high school and at seventeen was teaching in a country school district and preparing him- self for college. The following year he en- tered Waterville Academy and in 185 i en- tered Colby University. After a year and a half in this institution he entered Dart- mouth College and was graduated in 1855 with high rank as a scholar, debater and writer. He next studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1856. But instead of practicing his profession he purchased the " Lewistovvn (Me.) Journal," which be- came famous throughout the New England States as a leader in the advocacj'of Repub- lican principles. About the same time Mr. Dingley began his political career, although ever after continuing at the head of the newspaper. He was soon elected to the state legislature and afterward to the lower house of congress, where he became a prominent national character. He also served two terms as governor of Maine. OLIVER PERRY MORTON, a distin- guished American statesman, was born in Wayne county, Indiana, August 4, 1823. His early education was by private teaching and a course at the Wayne County Seminary. At the age of twenty years he entered the Miami University at Oxford, Ohio, and at the end of two years quit the college, began the study of law in the office of John New- man, of Centerville, Indiana, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1847. Mr. Morton was elected judge on the Democratic ticket, in 1852, but on thi passage of the " Kansas-Nebraska Bill " he severed his connection with that part)', and soon became a prominent leader of the Re- publicans. He was elected governor of In- diana in 1 86 1, and as war governor became well known throughout the country. He received a paralytic stroke in 1865, which partially deprived him of the use of his limbs. He was chosen to the United States senate from Indiana, in 1867, and wielded great influence in that body until the time of his death, November i, 1877. JOHN B. GORDON, a brilliant Confeder- ateofiicer and noted senatoroftheUnited States, was born in Upson county, Georgia, February 6, 1832. He graduated from the State University, studied law, and took up the practice of his profession. At the be- ginning of the war he entered the Confederate service as captain of infantry, and rapidJy 216 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. rose to the rank of lieutenant-general, commanding one wing of the Confederate army at the close of the war. In 1868 he was Democratic candidate for governor of Georgia, and it is said was elected by a large majority, but his opponent was given the office. He was a delegate to the national Democratic conventions in 1868 and 1872, and a presidential elector both years. In 1873 he was elected to the United States senate. In 1886 he was elected governor of Georgia, and re-elected in 1888. He was again elected to the United States senate in 1890, serving until 1897, when he was succeeded by A. S. Clay. He was regarded as a leader of the southern Democ- racy, and noted for his fiery eloquence. STEPHEN JOHNSON FIELD, an illus- trious associate justice of the supreme court of the United States, was born at Haddam, Connecticut, November 4, 1S16, being one of the noted sons of Rev. D. D. Field. He graduated from Williams College in 1837. took up the study of law with his brother, David Dudley Field, be- coming his partner upon admission to the bar. He went to California in 1849, and at once began to take an active interest in the political affairs of that state. He was elected alcalde of Marysville, in 1850, and in the autumn of the same year was elected to the state legislature. In 1857 he was elected judge of the supreme court of the state, and two years afterwards became its chief justice. In 1863 he was appointed by President Lincoln as associate justice of the supreme court of the United States. During his incumbency, in 1873, he was appointed by the governor of California one of a com- mission to examine the codes of the state and for the preparation of amendments to the same for submission to the legislature. In 1877 he was one of the famous electoral commission of fifteen members, and voted as one of the seven favoring the election of Tilden to the presidency. In 1880 a large portion of the Democratic party favored his nomination as candidate for the presidency. He retired in the fall of 1897, having served a greater number of years on the supreme bench than any of his associates or predecessors. Chief Justice Marshall coming ne.xt in length of service. JOHN T. MORGAN, whose services in the United States senate brought him into national prominence, was born in Athens, Tennessee, June 20, 1824. At the age of nine years he emigrated to Alabama, where he made his permanent home, and where he received an academic education. He then took up the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845. He took a leading part in local politics, was a presi- dential elector in i860, casting his ballot for Breckenridge and Lane, and in 1861 was a delegate to the state convention which passed the ordinance of secession. In May, of the same year, he joined the Confederate army as a private in Company I, Cahawba Rifles, and was soon after made major and then lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth Regiment. In 1862 he was commissioned colonel, and soon after made brigadier-general and as- signed to the command of a brigade in Vir- ginia. He resigned to join his old regiment whose colonel had been killed. He was soon afterward again made brigadier-gen- eral and given command of the brigade that included his regiment. After the war he returned to the prac- tice of law, and continued it up to the time of his election to the United States senate, ii7 1877. He was a presidential elector in 187^ and cast his vote for Tilden and Hendricks COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 217 He was re-elected to the senate in 1883, and again in 1889, and 1895. His speeches and the measures he introduced, marked as they were by an intense Americanism, brought him into national prommence. WILLIAM Mckinley, the twenty-fifth president of the United States, was born at Niles, Trumbull county, Ohio, Jan- uary 29, 1844. He was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and received his early education in a Methodist academy in the small village of Poland, Ohio. At the outbreak of the war Mr. McKinley was teaching school, earning twenty-five dollars per month. As soon as Fort Sumter was fired upon he en- listed in a company that was formed in Poland, which was inspected and mustered in by General John C. Fremont, who at first objected to Mr. McKinley, as being too young, but upon examination he was finally accepted. Mr. McKinley was seventeen when the war broke out -but did not look his age. He served in the Twenty-third Ohio Infantry throughout the war, was promoted from sergeant to captain, for good conduct on the field, and at the close of the war, for meritorious services, he was brevetted major. After leaving the army Major Mc- Kinley took up the study of law, and was admitted to the bar, and in 1869 he took his initiation into politics, being elected pros- ecuting attorney of his county as a Republi- can, although the district was usually Demo- cratic. In 1 876 he was elected to congress, and in a call upon the President-elect, Mr. Hayes, to whom he went for advice upon the way he should shape his career, he was told that to achieve fame and success he must take one special line and stick to it. Mr. McKinley chose tariff legislation and he became an authority in regard to import duties. He was a member of congress for many years, became chairman of the ways and means committee, and later he advo- cated the famous tariff bill that bore his name, which was passed in 1890. In the next election the Republican party was overwhelmingly defeated through the coun- try, and the Democrats secured more than a two thirds majority in the lower house, and also had control of the senate, Mr. McKinley being defeated in his own district by a small majority. He was elected gov- ernor of Ohio in 1891 by a plurality of twenty-one thousand, five hundred and eleven, and two years later he was re-elected by the still greater plurality of eighty thou- sand, nine hundred and ninety-five. He was a delegate-at-large to the Minneapolis Re> publican convention in 1892, and was in- structed to support the nomination of Mr. Harrison. He was chairman of the con-, vention, and was the only man from Ohio to vote for Mr. Harrison upon the roll call. In November, 1892, a number of prominent politicians gathered in New York to discuss the political situation, and decided that the result of the election had put an end to Mc- Kinley and McKinleyism. But in less than four years from that date Mr. McKinley was nominated for the presidency against the combined opposition of half a dozen rival candidates. Much of the credit for his suc- cess was due to Mark A. Hanna, of Cleve- land, afterward chair;.ian of the Republican national committee. At the election which occurred in November, 1896, Mr. McKinley was elected president of the United States by an enormous majority, on a gold stand- ard and protective tariff platform. He was inaugurated on the 4th of March, 1897, and called a special session of congress, to which was submitted a bill for tariff reform, which was passed in the latter part of July of that year. 218 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. CINCINNATUS HEINE MILLER, known in the literary world as Joaquin Miller, "the poet of the Sierras," was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1841. When only about thirteen years of age he ran away from home and went to the mining regions in California and along the Pacific coast. Some time afterward he was taken prisoner by the Modoc Indians and lived with them for five years. He learned their language and gained great influence with them, fight- ing in their wars, and in all modes of living became as one of them. In 1858 he left the Indians and went to San Francisco, where he studied law, and in i860 was ad- mitted to the bar in Oregon. In 1866 he was elected a county judge in Oregon and served four years. Early in the seventies he began devoting a good deal of time to literary pursuits, and about 1874 he settled in Washington, D. C. He wrote many poems and dramas that attracted consider- able attention and won him an extended reputation. Among his productions maybe mentioned " Pacific Poems," " Songs of the Sierras," "Songs of the Sun Lands," ' ' Ships in the Desert, " ' ' Adrianne, a Dream of Italy," "Danites, " "Unwritten History," " First Families of the Sierras " (a novel), " One Fair Woman " (a novel), "Songs of Italy," "Shadows of Shasta," "The Gold- Seekers of the Sierras," and a number of others. GEORGE FREDERICK ROOT, a noted music publisher and composer, was born in Sheffield, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, on August 30, 1820. While working on his father's farm he found time to learn, unaided, several musical instru- ments, and in his eighteenth year he went to Boston, where he soon found employ- ment as a teacher of music. From 1839 until 1844 he gave instructions in music in the public schools of that city, and was also director of music in two churches. Mr. Root then went to New York and taught music in the various educational institutions of the city. He went to Paris in 1850 and spent one year there in study, and on his re- turn he published his first song, "Hazel Dell." It appeared as the work of " Wur- zel," which was the German equivalent of his name. He was the originator of the normal musical institutions, and when the first one was started in New York he was one of the faculty. He removed to Chicago, Illinois, in i860, and established the firm of Root & Cady, and engaged in the publication of music. He received, in 1872, the degree of "Doctor of Music" from the University of Chicago. After the war the firm became George F. Root & Co., of Cincinnati and Chicago. Mr. Root did much to elevate the standard of music in this country by his compositions and work as a teacher. Besides his numerous songs he wrote a great deal of sacred music and pub- lished many collections of vocal and instru- mental music. For many years he was the most popular song writer in America, and was one of the greatest song writers of the war. He is also well-known as an author, and his work in that line comprises: " Meth- ods for the Piano and Organ," "Hand- book on Harmony Teaching, " and innumer- able articles for the musical press. Among his many and most popular songs of the war time are: ' ' Rosalie, the Prairie-flower, " " Battle Cry of Freedom," " Just Before the Battle," "Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the Boys are Marching," " The Old Folks are Gone," "A Hundred Years Ago," "Old Potomac Shore, "and " There's Music in the Air." Mr. Root's cantatas include "The Flower Queen" and "The Haymakers."' He died in 1896. PART II. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD OF LOGAN COUNTY, 11^ ILLINOIS. m FRANK HOBLIT. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD FRANK HOBLIT. Frank Hoblit, cashier ot tlie First Xa- tidiial Bank of Lincoln, occupies a foremost position among tlie prominent financiers in this section of tlie state. He is a man of keen discrimination and sound judgment, and liis executive ability and excellent man- agement have brought to the concern with which he is connected a high ilegree of suc- cess. j\ native of this county, Mr. Hoblit was born near Atlanta, November i, 1839, and is a son of Samuel and Abigail (Downey) Hoblit, who located here in 182Q, ha\ing come from Ohio. Here they toiled and la- bored, enduring the privations and hard- ships incident to pioneer life, and contribu- ting their full share toward developing the resources of this great commonwealth. They lived to enjoy the fruits of their la- bor and the esteem of all who knew them. The father died in this comity in iHi'iO, the mother in 1887. I-'rank Hoblit spent the days of his bo\'liood and youth upon his father's farm and was given the benefits of an excellent cf)mmon school education. In 1858 he be- gan his business career as clerk in a gen- eral store, and after graduating from a Chi- cago business college the following year, he accepted the position of cashier in a ])ri- \-ate bank, with which he was connected during the well remembered days of "stump-tail and wild-cat Ijanking meth- ods,'" then in vogue in this state. Subse- quently he formeil a partnership with a gentleman engaged in the banking business and general merchandising, which they con- ducted for five years at Atlanta. In March, 1866, Mr. Hoblit established the banking house of Frank Hoblit & Broth- ers, at Atlanta. Illinois, which business was afterward merged into the First National Bank of Atlanta and the Atlanta Bank. He retained his connection with the latter institution until 1887. when he and his brothers sold their interests to other par- ties. In 1878 he assisted in organizing the National State Bank of Bloomington and has been a director of that institution e\-er since. He also served as its president un- til 1882, when he resigned that position to take charge of the First National Bank of Lincoln, hax'ing purchased the control- ling interest in that concern. He has since ser\-ed as its cashier, and its success is cer- tainlv flue in a large measure to him. The 224 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. safe, CDiiservative policy which he inaug- urated commends itself to (tlie (judgment of alK and has secured a patronage which maie found than that aft'orded by the career of this well- known resident of Chester township. Com- ing to this country with no capital except his abilities, he has made his way to suc- cess through wisely directed effort and can now look back with satisfaction ui)on ])ast struggles. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 225 Mr. W'illmert was Ixini Octul)er 14. 1837. in W^aldeck, (iermaii}-, near Hesse Cas- sel, and is' a son of I'eter and Katlierina (Volliort) W'illmert. The mother died in that country, hut the father came with our suhject to America, and his death nccurred here in i8S(;. The\' liad four cliildren, three sons and one daughter, ni whom two sons died in Logan county. Our suhject is the onlv sur\-iving memher of this faniilw Kate, who was the widow of .Samuel I'rautigam, ched Octoher 22. 1901. During liis hoyhood Mr. W'illniert at- tended the pul.ilic schools of his nati\'e land tmtil fourteen years of age, antl was reared to agricultural pursuits. In 1858 he crosse- being: Mary, who lives in the old country; Henry, who is the subject of this sketch; Maggie, who is the wife of Henry Frieach, of Springfield, Illi- nois; and John. Eva and Barbara, who still remain in (iermany. Henrv Bangert. the suljject of this bio^- raphv, attendecr school in Baden until he was about fifteen years of age, leaving home at that time intent upon seeing something of the world. He had been instructed in tile making and traveled through many parts of his own country and extended his journey- ing through Switzerland and Alsace. After four years thus sjjent he decided to emigrate to America, and in October, 1872, he be- came a resident of Springfield. Illinois, c<)m- ing thither direct from Germany. For eighteen months after reaching the United States Mr. Bangert followed coal mining, beginning as a coal digger, as his means were limited and at that time he could secure no higher position. I^-om Springfield he went to the coal regions of Iowa, then returned to Illinois, and later started out on a long trip through the min- ing localities of various states, visiting m this itinerary the states of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Missouri, Indiana, Texas. Colorado, Indian Territory and penetrated even into New 'Mexico, engaging in mining in all these places and thereby gaining experience which he could have secured in no other way. This was really a mining school for our subject. On July II. 1887, Mr. Bangert located in Lincoln, Illinois, and immediately became mine manager at the shaft, the property of the Citizens' !\Iining Company, and this po- sition he has filled ever since to the complete satisfaction of the company whose interests he so carefully guards. Mr. Bangert was married in Virginia, Illinois, in 1884, to Miss Clara Jenks, who was born in Sangamon county, this state. Eight children have been l)orn to this un"ion, one of whom died in infancy, the others being: Harry, Charles. Eva, Louis, Frank, Wilham and George. Mr. Bangert luus looked carefully after the education of ' his children, and all who have reached suffi- cient age are regular attendants at school. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 229 In politics our subject is a stanch Re- publican, but he is one from principle and not because of political preferment. For many years he has been prominent m \ari- ous fraternal orders, being a \alued mem- ber of German Lodge, No. 345, I. O. O. F. ; Blue Lodge, Masonic, No. no; and Ancient Order of United Workmen, No. 109, in this organization having held official position and represented it in the grand lodge. Few men in this localit)- have succeeded better than Air. Bangert in the same num- ber of years. His education was entirely • in his own language, and his means were Innited when he reached Illinois, but he possessed the energy and industrv which his countrymen have shown in every line of endeavor, and has prospered accordingly and now owns property, is the head of an mtelligent family, respected bv his employ- ers and valued as a citizen. He has intro- duced into the mine many devices for the lessening of labor and the cheapening of production. ^^'ILLIA^I \\-. aiccormick. Honored and respected bv all, there is no man in Emden or in L,gan count v who occuiMes a more en\iable position in 'finan- cial circles than M'illiam \V. McCormick. not alone on account of the brilliant success lie has achieved but also on account of the honorable, straightforward business policy he has ever followed. He is now the cash- ier and ow ner of the Farmers" Bank of Em- den, and is also closely connected with the agricultural interests of the county. Mr. McCormick represents an (,ld and pronn-nenl family of Orvil townshij). He was born in the capital of the nation on the 29th of January, i860, a son of James and Ehza (McGowan) McCormick, both of whom were born in Scotland and at an early day came to \\^ashington, D. C, afterward settling in Orvil township, Logan county, Ilhnois. where the father turned his atten- tion to farming, purchasing a tract of land on sections 9 and 10, where he resided until his death, devoting his energies to agricul- tural pursuits, in which he met with grati- fying success. His widow and youngest son, "County Judge" Donald McCornu-ck, are now residents of Lincoln. To the schools of Valparaiso, Indiana \\'illiam \Y. McCormick is largely indebted for the educational privileges which he re- ceived. \\m his parents he came to this county and at once began farming on the old homestead in Orvil township. As a companion and helpmate for the journey of lite, September 2^. 1883, he chose Miss Flora A. Ogden, wh(.) was born near Minier Ilhnois, February 5, 1863, a daughter of Andrew J. and Alcinda C. (Summers) Og- elieving that its principles are most conducive to the general good. He is a charter member of the Knights of Pythias lodge in Emden, and both he and his wife belong to the Christian church of Bethel, which is located near their home. His career has ever been such as to warrant the trust and confidence of the business world, ^ for he has ever conducted all transactions on the strictest principles of honor and in- tegrity. His devotion to the public good is unciuestioned and arises from a sincere in- terest in the welfare of his fellow men. HON. JOHN EDWARD AHLLER. One of the most popular, prominent and valued citizens of Logan county is John Ed- ward Miller, who is now serving as treas- m^er of the county and as mayor of the city of Lincoln. Throughout his entire life he has resided in this locality, and his life rec- ord is in contradistinction to the old proverb that a prophet is ne\-er without honor save in his own C(iuntr\-. His keen discernment, business ability and. moreover, his unques- tioned lovaltv to the best interests of citv and county have led to his elevation to offi- cial honors, and by the faithful discharge of his duties he has established himself even more firmly in the regard and confidence of his fellow men. ]\Ir. [Miller was born upon his father's farm in Logan county, June 21. 1854, a son of Jeremiah and Sarah A. (Hawes) Mil- ler, both of whom were natives of Ken- tucky. The father was born in Shelby county, that state, January 27, 1827, and when two }-ears of age was taken by his par- ents, Dabner and Elizabeth [Miller, to Mon- roe count\'. Indiana, where he was reared to manhood. In 1840 he came to Logan county, and on the 3d of February, 1850, was united in marriage to [Miss Sarah Hawes, a daughter of John and Sarah Hawes, who were early settlers of this county. Unto IMr. and Mrs. Aliller were born seven children, six of whom reached years of maturit}-,. namely: Arthur P., Clara A., J. Edward. Charles A., Frank H. and W'illiam A. After his marriage Jere- miah Miller took up his abode in Orvil township, and later removed to Eminence township, Axhere he made his home until 1876, when he went to Lincoln in order to provide his children with the better educa- tional advantages afforded by the city schools. At a later date he returned to the farm in Eminence township, where he re- mained until i88j, when he went to At- lanta, where he spent his remaining days. He departed this life on the 2d of October, 1885, and his remains were interred in Bethel cemetery. He was a consistent member of the Christian church and for a number of years served as one of its dea- cons. His wife is still living in Atlanta, and she, too, is a devoted member of the Christian church, her life having ever been in harmony with her professions. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 231 Mr. Miller, whose name intnuluces this review, spent his youth upon the home farm and attended the district schools. During the period of vacation he assisted in the la- bors of the fields, thus early becoming famil- iar with the duties which fall to the lot of the agriculturist. After his preliminary education was completed he entered the State University, at Lexington, Kentucky, and .subsecjuently he pursued a commercial course of stud\-. When his education was completed and Ij^' careful mental discii)line he was well prepared for the important and responsible duties of life, he returned to Logan county and engaged in handling- grain and live stock at Hartsburg. He car- ried on the enterprises with success, con- ducting a profitaljle business in grain and stock. As the vears passed his capital steadily increased, and with a comfortable competence he removed to Lincoln in 1891, where he has since resided, but he still con- ducts his liusiness at Hartsburg. On the 24 th of September, 1879, ]Mr. Miller was united in marriage to Miss Ida Hummell, of Lincoln, a daughter of David ; and Ellen (Stanfield) Hummell, and their union has been blessed with si.x children : Ethel. Clarence. Mildred, Marie, Charles and Frank. The generous and gracious hospitality of the home has made it a favor- ite resort with the many friends of the fam- ily, and the members of the household are highly esteemed. For a number of years Mr. Miller has been a recognized factor in political circles. He stanchly advocates the principles of the Republican party and co-operates in the movements for the extension of its influence and power. For three years he has served as a member of the city council of Lincoln, and in 1898 he became the Republican can- didate for 'countv treasurer. The election returns showed that he was the victorious candidate and he filled the office so accept- ably that he was again nominated and elected, so that he is the present incumbent. In the spring of 1901 he was elected mayor of Lincoln, and is now creditably filling the office. His administration is business-like and practical, yet not without that progress- ive spirit which leads to substantial improve- ment and upbuilding. His official career is one o\-er which there falls no shadow of suspicion or distrust. Honorable and straightforward, the record is an open book that will bear the closest scrutiny. His per- sonal characteristics are such as to have won for him man\- friends, and in the history of his native county he well deserx'es prominent U'cntion. ♦-•-♦ willia:m l. dowxlxg. Among the successful farmers and stock raisers of Chester township is William L. Downing, one of the substantial and lead- ing agriculturists of this county. The birth le for cultivation than the fertile acres upon which his father settled in the early pioneer days. His memory travels back to th.e time when a vast prairie stretcl*d as far as the eye could see, before fences were built or impro\'e- ments begun, and he has interestedly watched the moving events and the trans- formation of Illinois into one of the finest agricultural regions in the L'nited States. Later on he recalls the incidents connected with the Mexican war. his cousin being cap- tain of the home company, and he attended the rally at Pustville, in 1846, and, with the untried enthusiasm of a voungster of elex'en shouted himself hoarse while bidding God- speed to the departing troops. Later still, when the strife was fermenting between the north and the south, he used to attend the Republican rallies with his father, used to go to the county seat at ]\Iount Pulaski, saw the immortal Lincoln on more than one oc- casion, and went with his father to the polls when he cast his vote for this greatest man in American history. Through all of these experiences he has remained the tvpical middle western farmer, successful, large of heart and one of those who constitute the backbone of the nation's stabilitv. He owns a finely developed farm of twn hun- dred and eighty-seven acres, nearlv all of which is under cultix'ation, being principally devfited to general farming. Charles L. Briggs, the father of William T., was born in Warren county, Kentuckv, in 1804, and married Alatilda Otey, who was born at Richmond, Virginia, in 1802. The cercmcin\- was performed about 1824, and soon after they departed for Illinois, settling in Logan county, where the re- mainder of their lives was spent. \\'illiam T. was the first born in Illinuis, and Ijesides him there were nine children, viz : Mar- tha, who is the wife of Charles Goldsmith and lives on a farm adjoining that of Will- iam T. : James O., who died on the plains of California in 1850; Margaret, now de- ceased, who was the wife of George Webb; Charlotte M., who married J. R. Allen and lives in Broadwell ; Julia O., who, with her husband, Samuel A\'ebb. is deceased, their deaths occurring respectively in 1858 and 1898, in ^Missouri : William T. ; Charles L., who died in 1863 : D. P., who lives on a farm adjoining that of William T. : John, who died in 1862: and Hezekiah, who ser\ed during the Civil war for three years and was honorably discharged after being wounded in battle. 234 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. In hi:: yiiuth Mr. Briggs attended tlie eaiiv suliscription schools of Logan county, and lived on the home place until aljout twenty- live years of age, when he started out to independently farm a portion of his father's estate. In 1870 he married ]Mar- tha E. Hartis, a daughter of John Hartis, "whom, it is supposed, was born in Ken- tucky. To Mr. and Mrs. Hartis were born seven children : Lenora H., who is the wife of Simon Koons, of Broadwell : Alartha E., Avho is the wife of ^^'illiam Briggs ; Mary K., who lives with lier sister, Mrs. Briggs; John Wesley, who died about 1889: besides three others now deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Briggs have been born the following- children : Lorena. \vho died in 1891; Thoiuas L., ^vho li\es in Xorth Dakota; Lucy M.; Charles L. ; John B. ; George M., Halla D. and William L., who are at home. IMr. Briggs is a de\-<.iut meml)er df the Meth- odist Episcopal church, as are all of his family, and for some time he was a steward and trustee of the chur.ch at Broadwell. JUDGE LOUIS C. SCHWERDT- FEGER, LL. B. The law. when clijthed with its true purit}', dignity and ])Ower must rank first among the callings of men. It is the con- servator of justice, the protector of life and liberty and property, and he who interprets the law should be a man whose reputation is above the shadow of reproach. In choos- ing Louis C. Schwerdtfeger to act as county judge the citizens of Logan county called to the Ijench one \\hom the_\' knew to be faultless in honor, fearless in conduct and stainless in reputation. Throughout long- connection with the professional and finan- cial hiterests of Logan county he has ever demonstrated his right to the confidence of his fellow men by a straight- forward career, and added to this is his a1)ility at the bar, arising from a comprehensi\-e knowledge of the science of law. The Judge was born in New York city, July 30, 1856, a son of Henry and Pauline (Koehnle) Schwerdtfeger. The parents were bijth natives of Germany, the former born in Prussia and the latter in Wurtem- berg, and in 1851 they emigrated to the L'nited States, landing at New York after a voyage of fi\'e weeks upon a sailing ves- sel. For a time they resided in the east- > ern nietropolis and then removed tO' Jersey j City, where the subject of this rexiew en- joyed the educational iirivileges afforded I by the comn-ion schools. He was about ' twenty-one years of age when he came to Lincoln, where he has since matle his home. A young man with his life work before him, resolute and determined, he took up the task ,, and has ad\'anced steadilv in the path of prosperit)- and honor. In the fall of 1877 he became a student in the law department of the State University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, graduating therefrom with the class of 1879. Being admitted to practice at the bar of Illinois, he opened an otifice in Lin- coln and has since risen to distinction as a member of the bar of Logan county. In 1881, however, there came a digression in his law work, for he entered the field of journalism, Ijecoming the proprietor of the Lincoln Daily Recortl, the name of which he changed to the Daily Journal. The fol- lowing year he also published the Logan County Tribune, conducting both papers initil 1883. A\hen lie resumed the practice of law. Xo drear_\- noviate awaited him. His clientage grew- rapidly, both in volume and iniportance, and he was soon in com- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 237 mand of a large law business, connecting him with some of the most important liti- gations tried in the courts of his district. In January, 1887, however, he gave up the private practice of law to become a factor in financial circles in this part of the state, assuming tlie management (if the (lerman- American National Bank, which he had aid- ed in establishing. He was made its cashier and has since remained in that position, his keen business sagacity, sound judgment and readiness in action well equipping him for the responsiljle duties which de\'olve upon him. The institution ranks among the strongest financial concerns in this part of Illinois and well deserves its reputation, for back of it stand men of solid financial stand- ing and Ijusiness worth. Judge Schwerdtfeger's fellow towns- men, however, have also claimed his service in public office. For two terms he was a meinlier nf the citv cnuncil, serving from 1890 until 1894, when he was elected coun- ty judge, a position which he held for a term nf four years. A contemporary biog- rapher has said of him: As a judge on the bench he has distinguished himself as a ■wise and able jurist, bringing to bear in the discharge of his official duties all those qualities of probity, discernment and strict integrity that characterize him as a lawyer and as a lousiness man." Judge L. Schwerdtfeger Avas made a ^la ■ son in Lincoln Lodge, No. 210. in 1880, and is also a member of Logan Chapter, No. 147, R. A. M.. and Constantine Com- mandery. No. 51, K. T., of which he was eminent commander. He represented his commandery in the grand commandery of the state and is also a member of Peoria Con- sistory and Abiliamet Temple of the ]\Iystic Shrine. He belongs to Lincoln Lodge. No. 204, I. O. O. F., of which he is past grand. and represented his lodge in the grand lijdge of the state. He takes an active part in the work of the Modern \\'oodmen of America. In No\ember, 1880, occurred the mar- riage of the Judge and Miss Amelia L. Koehnle. of Lincoln, and unto them have been born five children, namely : Lucille P., Bertram H., Estelle A., \\'illiam K. and James Harry. The gracious hospitality of their home is enjoyed by a very large circle of friends. The Judge is a member of the American ]Microscopical Society, and spends much of his leisure time in study of the sci- ences. He is to-day a man of broad scholarly attainments, well versed on the social, politi- cal and economic questions which claim public attention, and is in politics an uncom- promising Republican. He is recognized as a leader in the ranks of the party in the coun- ty, and his able arguments and strong per- suasive powers have been a potent factor in extending" Republican influence. Keenly alive to the interests of the city as well as those of state and nation, he co-operates in e\'erv movement for tlie general good, and has been the promoter of a number of enter- prises which have resulted in advancing pub- lic prosperity. He stands to-day as one of the most popular, honored and respected men of Logan county — one who by the im- provement of his opportunities and the faith- ful discharge of every duty of life has gained the esteem of all with whom he is asso- ciated. ■•-•-♦ JAMES ^^lELROSE. I James ^Melrose, deceased, was one of the liest-known and highly esteemed citizens of Logan county, Illinriis. He was a native of the state, born in Edwards countv, Febru- 238 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ary 2 1,. 1826. and was one of eight cliildren born to Archibald Alelrose and wife. The father, who departed this hfe in Edwards county, was an extensive farmer. The hfe of a farmer boy is one unend- ing round of toil, and that of our subject was no exception to the rule. From the time he was old enough to do the small chores necessary in farm life he had to do his share of the work. This experience formed in him habits of industry that clung to him through life. Like a faithful son. he assisteil on the home farm until he was six- teen years of age. at which time his father died, the mother having passed away five years jjrevious. Being thus left to care for himself, he assisted his brother on a farm in ^\'ayne county, and by hard work ami economv he soon accumulated enough to purchase for himself eighty acres in that countv. which he worked faithfully for some time. He then moved to Iowa, where he carried on the same occupation for two years, after which he returned to Illinois and settled in Oran township. Here he purchased eighty acres of well-imjjroved land, where he and his family made their home until his death, which occurred on ]\lay 20. 1895. On September 20. 1841, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Shores, daugh- ter of Hiram Shores, of \\'a_\ne county. The following children were born to them : Emily, now Mrs. Charles Hawes, of .\u- gusta. Kansas : Lovina. who died June 2t,. 1900: Louisa, who departed this life April 21, 1884: Charles Wesley, now a resident of Oklahoma; John F.. who died Septem- ber 29, 1881 ; Mar\^ E.. who became the wife of S. H. Thornburg an(( lives in Ne- braska: James A., a farmer in Logan coun- tv ; Edwin, who resides at home with his mother: Thomas C, a resident of Chicago; and EfRe. who died October 2t,. 1882. The entire family are members of the Alethodist Episcopal church. Mr. Alelrose served as school director for many years. The widow, with (jne son. resides in a com- fortable home in Atlanta, but still conducts the home farm in Oran township. The death cif Mr. Melrose was not onl_\- a sad blow to his own immediate family but to the entire communitv in which he had so long resided. JAMES FR_vXKLIX HYDE. .\mong the old and honored citizens of Lincoln none are held in higher regard than the gentleman whose name introduces this sketch. A native of Massachusetts, he was born in Pittsfield. Berkshire county. No- vember 19, 1813. and traces his ancestry back to an old antl distinguished English family. Sir Nicholas Hyde was chief jus- cice of the King's bench in 1626. and Ed- ward Hyde was grandfather of Queens Alary and Ann. The progenitor of the fam- ily in America was \\'illiam Hyde, who came to this country in 1636 and located in Hartford, Connecticut, where he married and reared his family. His son, Sanuiel Hyde, was born in 1637, and married Jane Lee. -\mong their children was Samuel Hyde, who was born in 1665 and married Elizalieth Calkins. Their son, Elijah Hyde, was born in 1705. and married Ruth Tracy. The next in direct descent was An- drew Hyde, our subject's great-grandfather, who was born in 1732 and married Hannah Thomas. The grandfather, who also bore the name of .\ndrew. was born in 1757. and married Rebecca Galpin, by whom he had THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 239 the following children : Zebabah. Andrew, Eunice, Rebecca, Laura and Salma. Andrew Hyde, the second of this fam- ily, was the father of our subject. He was born in Lenox, ^Massachusetts, in 1788, and followed the weaver's trade in that state un- til 1 8^ J, when he removed to ^ledina coun- tv, Ohio, and made a home for himself and familv in the wilderness. His family was represented in the Re\"oluticinar_\- war, and he fought for American rights in tlie war of 181J. He married Artimesia Ashley, a na- tive of Pittsfield, ^Massachusetts, and a daug"hter of Da\'id Ashle\', wlm also lie- longed to an old Massachusetts family that took quite a prominent part in government affairs. IMr. Ashley was one of the pio- neers of Ohio, removing to that state in 1818. James F. Hyde, of this review, is the oldest in a familv of nine children, the others being as follows : Marilla A. married Rev. Ebenezer Xethaway. of Medina county, Ohio, and died in 1841. leaving children. Olive A. married .Monzo Bennett, of Clin- ton county, Michigan, and reared a family. Eliza ]\I. was the second wife of Rev. Ebe- nezer Nethaway, and died in 1847, leaving children. ]\lary S. also died in 1847. -^''' timesia A. married Curtis R. Fuller, a farmer of Clinton county, Michigan, and had one son, Charles L. Fuller, but all are now deceased. Lewis L., also deceased, married Lydia Jane Hubbard and left a fam- ily. Cyrus ]\I. married Hannah Finch and died in ^lontana, leaving a family. Emery B., a Alethodist clergyman of Wisconsin, married Martha Bates, but has no cliildren. During the infanc\- of our subject his parents removed to Richmond. Massa- chusetts, where they made their home for nine years, and there he began his education in its public schools. The family then re- moved to Aledina county, Ohio, in Octiiber, 1822, and he grew to manhood amid pioneer scenes. Wild animals roamed through the forest and the Indians were far more nu- merous than the white settlers. There Mr. Hvde's school privileges were limited to three months" attendance during the year, but he made the most of his advantages and acfjuired a good education by study at home. At the age of seventeen he liecame a mail carrier, and in the discharge c^f the duties of that position endured many hard- ships, riding on horseback through dense forests, swimming streams and braving storms. In February, 1832, he commenced clerking in the store of O. ]\I. Oviatt & Bronson. at Richfield, Ohio. He went to Xiles, Summit county. Obit), in Xovem])er, 1834, where he was similarly employed by \'oris & Company for a few months, but the following March went to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and engaged in clerking for Harris & Styles for a short time. He then returned to Richfield. Ohio, and resumed work with 0\iatt & Bronson. In Septem- ber, 1836, he traveled westward to the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and on the ist of Oc- tober became clerk on the steamer Exchange, then plving between Cincinnati and Cuyan- dotte. Virginia, vmder the command of Cap- tain Leet. On the opening of navigation the following spring he shipped as second clerk on the steamer Baltic at Cincinnati, bound for Xew Orleans, and on his arrival in that city took his first ride on a railroad train. On account of the panic he then re- turned to Ohio, and engaged in clerking in the store of H. & R. Hammond, at Bath, where he remained until the following Oc- tober. !Mr. Hyde then started west by way of the Ohio river, and arrived in Pittsfield, Pike count}-, Illinois, Xo\-ember 8, 1837. 240 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. The following spring he commenced teach- ing in that connt}- on trial, and so success- ful was he that he taught there for three 3-ears. He had charge of a school at Sum- mer Hill six years, and in 1848 accepted a position as teacher in the Pittsfield schools, where he remained t\vel\-e years. In April, i860, he embarked in a mercantile enter- prise, which he successfully carried on dur- ing the Civil war. In 1865 he divided his capital, lea\-ing half in Pittsfield, and re- moved to Lincoln, where, in companv with J. T. Cadwaller, Dr. Thomas Lewis and C. Hoskins, he openetl a drug, dry goods and grocery store under the firm name of Hyde, Hoskins & Company, being in busi- ness here for three years. In his absence the business at Pittsfield was mismanaged, causing him hea\'y losses, and he relin- cp.iished his interest in the Lincoln store. Mr. Hyde then resumed his former vocation, that of school-teaching, and for nineteen years had charge of the fourth ward school of Lincoln. He was connected with that profession for over fift\-two vears, and was ever regarded as a most successful teacher. For twenty years he has kept the books of Adam Denger, a grocer of Lincoln, and is also connected with the Lincoln Dail\- and Seini-\\'eekly Courier. In 1S41 Mr. Hyde was united in mar- riage with ]\Iiss Eliza Seeley, of Pike county, a daughter of James Seeley, and to them were born four children: ^^'illiam H., who married Jennie Temple and resides in Pike county, James S., a veteran of the Civil war and a farmer of Pike coimtv. who died in iqoo: Mary S., wife of Dr. L. C. Pulliam, of Crowley, Louisiana : and Ellen, who died young. The mother of these children died in 1851, and for his second wife Mr. Hyde married Miss Hattie L. Blake, also of Barry, Pike county, a daugh- ter of Ephraim Blake, the wedding being celebrated in October, 1852. By this union were born three children, namely: Clara, who died in childhood; Frank R., a resident of Siou.x Falls, South Dakota, and state agent for the Bradstreet Commercial Agency: and Charles L., who is living in Pierre, South Dakota, and is interested in real estate and gold and silver mining. In 1873 Mr. Hyde established a night commercial school in Lincoln for the I)en- efit of young business men. In 1871 and 1874 he carefully prepared and published directories of the cit}', and also prepared a | work entitled The Science of Accounts, a I treatise of more than ordinary merit, which, i if used practically, will save labor and facil- , itate the record of commercial transactions. Politically Mr. Hyde was originally an old-line A\'hig, and \'oted for General Har- . rison in 1836 and 1840. In 1856 he sup- ', ported James Buchanan for the presidency, and has voted for every Democratic candi- date for that office since that time. While a resident of Pike county he was elected ' county su]jerintendent of schools, and effi- ciently filled that office for three years, dur- ing which time he did much to elevate the schools of the county. He also ser\'ed as deputy assessor four years in that cfumty, and since coming to Lincoln has been city assessor and deputy township assessor. In iSCij he was ap])ointed a member of the school board of Lincoln, which position he filled two years, and was also a member of the committee to visit schools. In 1895 ^^^ was appointed cit}- collector, and in April, 1899, was elected city treasurer. He is also serving as city comptroller, and his official duties have always been most faithfully and satisfactorily performed. Mr. Hyde is to-day the oldest INIason in Logan county, having joined that order in 1845. .\1- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 241 though now eighty-eight years of age, he is still in possession of all his faculties, and appears much younger. He has led an up- right, honorable and useful life, and is held in the highest regard by all who know him. JOHN W. LOA^ELAXD. The Loveland family of which our sub- ject, John \\\ Loveland, is a worthy repre- sentati\e, came to America from England as far back as 1614 and located in Xew England. The family has not been a very numerous one, its records telling of but two hundred l)ranches of the family tree in the United States. The members of this fam- ily have been true and loyal citizens, the great-grandfather Loveland bearing a com- mission as colonel in the Re\'olutionary war and the grandfather, Ambrose Love- land, lea\ing a record for gallantry as a captain in the war of 18 12. The former died in ^Massachusetts, at the age of eighty- si.x years. John P. Loveland, the father of our sub- ject, followed an agricultural life and moved from ^Massachusetts to Illinois in 1863. set- tling in De Kalb county. In 1871 he went to X'ebraska, where his death occurred in 1896, at the age of seventy-seven years. He married [Maria Inghram, who was born in Massachusetts, and is now a resident of Chester, Nebraska, bearing her seventy-four years with ease. The famil}- burn to John P. Loveland and wife consisted of five sons and three daughters, all of whom lived to maturit}', their names now representing good and worthy citizens through this and other states. The children of these parents were : Lewis C, a contractor and builder, living in Aurora, Illinois; Franklin E., also a builder, residing in Aurora; Eliza J., who married H. Perry and died in Nebraska, at the age of twenty-three years; John \\'., who is the subject of this biography; James \\'., who is a farmer in the state of Arkansas ; Alary M., who married G. C. \Mhte, an engineer on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, residing in Garrett, Indiana ; Wells U., who is a farmer in Wyoming; and Nellie I., wife of Norman Stafford, who li\es in Kansas, near Chester, Nebraska. All of this family were afforded excellent educational advantages, the older members in [Massachusetts and the younger ones in Illinois, while the two youngest at- tended school in Nebraska. During his en- tire life Mr. Loveland was interested in edu- cational matters. His wife had been edu- cated for the profession of teaching, and it was a matter of the deepest concern with both of them that their children should have e\-erv possible advantage. In religion they were united in their adherence to the Chris- tian church, and in political matters Mr. Loveland advocated the principles of the Republican party. John \y. Loveland needs no introduc- tion to the citizens of Illinois, as his position as architect and government contractor and builder has made his name a familiar one to the public. The birth of Mr. Loveland oc- curred in IMidillefield, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, March 6, 1854, and he was nine years old when the family removed to Illinois. In this state he attended school until he was fifteen years old, leaving his books at that time to learn the carpenter's trade, for which he had a natural aptitude. His unusual skill enabled him to begin con- tracting when he was not more than eight- een years (.>]d, and he worked by the day, as a journeyman, for the following five years, in the meantime carefully pursuing archi- 242 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tectural studies. For a time he worked at his trade in Aurora, IlHnois, and througli De Kalb county many oi the residences and buildings of various kinds still testify to his artistic taste and the solidity of his work. In 1892 he was called to Lincoln, Illi- nois, to take the position of foreman of the corps of government builders and contract- ors, by the appointment of the governor, and for five years he filled that position with the greatest ability, this resulting in his appoint- ment in 1897 as chief of the corps of con- tractors at the Home for Feeble Minded Children. Since that time the imposing structure which is the present home for those unfortunates, as well as the industrial building on the state grounds, stand as last- ing monuments to his architectural design- ing as well as to his great knowledge of the art (.if construction. Mr. Loveland was married Se])tember 6, 1882, in Aurora, Illinois, to Miss Isa Kinnaird, who was born in Little Rock, Illi- nois, in i860, and who was a daughter of James Kinnaird. The latter was a gallant soldier in the Civil war, who gave u]) his life for his country. The beloved mother of Mrs. Loveland is a daughter of Lord Hunter, a nobleman of Scotland. She has reached the age of se\enty-two years, and makes her home with her daughter. Mrs. Lo\-eland was well educated in the schools of Little Rock, and is a lad\- of culture and refinement. To Mr. and Mrs. Loveland one daughter has been born, Jean, whose liirth occurred in October, 1889. She is now a student in the public school in Lin- coln. .Vlthougb Mr. Loveland has always been a Republican, his life has been too busy to enable him to accejit office of a political na- ture. The religious connection of the fam- 'ilv is with thei Cumbejdand Presbyterian church, where they are valued for their true Christian characters. Socially Mr. Love- land is popular in Camp No. 109, M. W. A., in which he has held official position; also in the Knights of Pjlihias order; in the Pio- neer Reserve Association, of wliich he is vice-president ; and in the Royal Neighbors, of which Mrs. Loveland is also a member. The prosperity which has come to Mr. Loveland is due to his own efiforts. He is now the owner of valuable property in Lin- coln, and designs to make this city his per- manent home, having a modern residence in the course of erection. Self-made, he is one of the representative men of this city, and much of its business activity, as well as structural attractiveness, is due to his efiforts. JOHN H. WTLLMERT. In studying the lives and characters of prominent men we are naturally led to in- cjuire into the secret of their success and the • motives that prompted their action. Suc- cess is a question of genius as held by many, but is it not rather a matter of ex- perience and sound judgment? When we trace the career oi those who stand highest in ]nil)lic esteem we find in nearly every case that they are those who have risen gradually, fighting their way in the face of all opposi- tion. Self-reliance, conscientiousness, en- ergy, honesty, these are the traits of char- acter that ensure the highest emoluments and greatest success. To these we may at- tribute the success that has crowned the ef- forts of the man whose name stands at the head of this review. Our subject was one of fi\'e children who were born to Frederick and Catherine ( Rav- ensburg) \\'illmert. The father was a na- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 243 tive of Germany and was reared on a farm, wliere lie assisted his fatlier in tlie many duties cif that calhng until he grew to man- hood, when he engaged for himself in agri- cultural pursuits, which he followed with more than ordinary success up to the date of his death, which occurred in i860. His widow and five children survive him. Our subject was about one and a half years of age at the time of his father's death. The mother was also a native of Germany, and recei\'ed a good education at the place of her birth. In 1891 she left her native countrv to join her son, John H. In Xovember, 187.2, our subject engaged passage on a steamer and embarked for the United States, landing in the city of New- York, where he remained for a short time, looking for work, and, hearing of the op- portunities afforded young men of pluck and energy in the far west, he started for Illinois, and arrived in Lincoln, November 16, 1S72. He at once found work as a hand on one of the farms about four miles south of the city, where he continued for five years. By close attention to his duties and by energy and perseverance and eco- nomical habits he in a short time was en- aljjed to purchase one hundred and eighteen acres of land in Eminence township, on sec- tion 26, and here he made many improve- ments and a home for himself, on which he resided until the year 1886, engaging in general farming and stock raising to some extent. He was successful in all of his undertakings and had the confidence of all who knew him, as an upright and fair deal- ing man. In the year last named he pur- chased a farm of one hundred acres also on section 26, Eminence township, which is now under a high state of culti\-ation and on which he at ])resent resides. From time to time he has added to this property until at this date he is the owner of four hundred and se\enteen acres of rich and fertile farm- nu land, (in sections 25, 26 and 36. Air. Willmert was united in marriage, on the loth day of June, 1880, with Miss Caro- line Bock, daughter of the late Adam Bock, of Lincoln, Illinois, who was one of the rep- J'esentative citizens of Logan county, his death occurring in August, 1881. To our subject and his wife were born nine chil- dren, of whom eight are still lixing, namely: Frederick W. w-as born June 20, 1881 ; Aliiinie K. was born December i, 1883; Alary D. was born April 11, 1886; John H. was born Alarch 14, 1888; George A. was born Jul}- 2^. 1891 ; Caroline, named after her mother, was burn Alarch 14, 1894, and died (in the 30th of the next May; Martha was born August 9, 1895: and Catherine, named after her grandmother, was born on the 8th of February, 1898; and Albert Carl H. was born April 14, 1901. All of the chil- dren reside at home with their parents, and are members of the Evangelical church. • Air. \\'illmert is a member of the Inde- pendent Order of Odd FelU.iws and also> of the Alodern Woodmen of America. In politics he is a Republican, and at the pres- ent time holds the position of road commis- sioner of Eminence township, which office he has held for three years. He also' held the position (jf school director for nine years. While ne\'er taking a very active part in politics, he has always been a pub- lic-spirited man and an advocate for all that tends to advance and improve the interests of the cduimunit}' in which he lives, and es- pecially has he been interested in educational matters, and is giving his children every O])portunity that the schools of the county afford. One of the great disa(I\-antages with which he had to contend was his lack of knowledge of the English language, yet 244 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. he was well versed in the common branches of study in his own language. While not numbered among the pioneers of the county, he has given thirty of the best years of his life to its growth and development, and in e\-erv enterprise which has a tendency for the public good he is willing to give of his time and means. He is an enterprising and successful farmer, and is worthy of the esteem in which he is held. JOHX R. BARNETT, M. D. The world has little use fi:>r the misan- thrope. The universal truth of brother- hood is widely recognized, also that he serves God best who serves his fellowmen. There is ncj profession or line of business that calls for greater self-sacritice or more devoted attention than the medical profes- sion, and the successful physician is he, who through love for his fellowmen gives his time and attention to the relief of human suffering. Dr. Barnett is an able represent- ative of this noble calling, and to-day occu- pies the responsible position of assistant superintendent and governing physician of the Illinois Asylum for Feeble ]Minded Chil- dren at Lincoln. The Doctor was born in W'illiamstuwn, Kentucky, February 14, 1852, a son of Thomas A. and Amarias (Vance) Barnett, also natives of that state. In 1856 the fa- ther brought his family to Logan county, Illinois, but after residing here fi^r some vears remox-ed to Decatur county, Indiana, where he f(_>lli>weeen born, namely: Clarence ria. Decatur & Evansville Railroad ; is a meml)er of the Brainard Dis- trict Aledical Society ; the Illinois State Med- ical Society ; the Association of Medical Offi- cers of American Institutions for the Feeble JMinded ; and the National Association of Assistant Surgeons for the Insane. He has that loA'e for and de\'otion to- his profession SO' necessary to success, and has won a prom- inent place amung the ablest representati\-es of the medical fraternitv in the state. AUGUST P. KUEMMEL. It is astonishing to witness the success of young men wln) have emigrated to America without capital and from a position of com- parative obscurity have worked their way upward to a position of prominence. The readiness with which they adajjt themselves to circumstances and take advantage of op- portunities offered brings to them success and wins them a place among the leading men of the communit\' in which the\' reside. Prominent among the citizens that Germany has furnished to this county is August P. Kuemmel, of Lincoln, who is now serving as circuit clerk and recorder. 14 He was b(irn in Wurtemljurg, Germany. I in the 4th I if July, 1854, and is a son of Bernhard and Catherine Kuemmel. His boyhood and youth were passed in his native' city, where he attended school for some time, and for four years was a student at Lud- wigsburg Academy. Resolved to try his fortune in the L'nited States, he crossed the Atlantic in 1S70 and landed in New York, where he spent one year. He then came to Lincoln, Illinois, and found employment in grcicery store of John A. Lutz. In 1872 he accepted a pi^sitiim as copyist in the office of Fred C. Koehnle, then circuit clerk and re- corder, and was subsequently assistant to /vndrew McGalliard for two years. In 1S76 Mr. Kuemmel returnetl on a \isit to his old home in Germany, but the following year we again find him in Lincoln, where, in the employ of H. ^^'. Dana, he was sucessfully engaged in the abstract business a number of years. In 1884 he was ap- pointed deputy circuit clerk and recorder un- der E. F. L. Rautenberg, and \\hen that gentleman retired from office in 1892, our subject was elected his successor. Being well qualified tO' fill the office, he discharged its duties so acceptably, that he was re-elected in 1896 and again in 1900, his present term not expiring until 1904. Mr. Kuemmel was married in Febru- ary, 1885, to Miss Agnes Ray. of Lincoln. He takes cpiite an active interest in civic so- cieties, and is an honored member of the Knights of Pythias, of which he is now past chancellor; the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and served as noble grand of Mo- zart Lodge, No. 345, and is at present a rep- resentati\'e to the grand lodge ; the National Union : and the Modern Woodmen of .\mer- ica. He is one of the most prominent Democrats in the county, and e.xerts con- siderable interest in political affairs. Few 248 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. oi our foreign Iiorn citizens are more loyal in their devotion to this, the land of their adoi)tion. than he has been fur the period of his residence here, over thirty years. In 1891 he again returned to Germany on a \isit, but is well content to make America his home. < » » MASKEL LEE, ^I. D. Prominent among the jjhysicians of At- lanta is numbered Maskel Lee, who for the past thirteen years has gi\en his time and closest attention to those who ha\e needed his care. He is one of nine children who were born to William and Mary C. ( Dock- um) Lee. The father was in his earlier da}S a very successful farmer of Madison count)-, Ohio, but in the year 1850 he moved to Logan count\-, Illinois, where he died June 13, 1886. The mother died in April, 1892. He was a son of John and Susanna (Rich- ards ) Lee, the grandfather being originally from England. Our subject was born in Logan county, Illinois, October 17, 1855. Here he grew to manhood, getting his education in the common schools, but in 1873 he began the study of his profession and in the year of 1886 he entered the Rush Medical College at Chicago, where he completed the course, graduating in 1888. Immediately upon re- ceiving his tliploma he returned to his place of birth, his present hi-ime, and took up tlie ])ractice of his profession, and has continued here w itli marked success. Dr. Lee has also taken a special course in the disease of the eye and ear under the directions of Profes- sors Holmes and Colburn, of Chicago, and of the throat under Professor Ingalls. He was united in marriage August 31, 1880, to Miss Ruth Shipley, a daughter of Samuel Shipley, of Ohio. Tiiis union was blessed with tiiree sons,' as follows ; Don, Jean and Burch. P(ilitically Dr. Lee is a Repul:)lican and while not a liitter jiartisan, has yet an abid- ing faith in tlie principles of his party. He is a member of the Masonic order, Atlanta Lodge, No. 165. A. F. & A. M. ; Atlanta Chapter, No. 188, R. A. M., and Constan- tine Commandery. Xo. 51, of Lincoln, and also the Mahomet Temple of the JVIystic Shrine at Peoria. The Doctor is past mas- ter of the blue lodge and is at present high priest of the chapter. He is also a mem- ber of the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows. He has ser\ed two years as a mem- l)er of the cit\- council ; for the ])ast ten ^■ears has been a member of the school boartl and at present holds the <.ifhce of pres- ident. The Doctor, who is. vet in the priiue ijf life, is highly esteemed liy all who know him. and stands well among the members of his profession. He is energetic, enter- [jrising and enthusiastic, and just such a citizen as gi\es character to the comnumitv- RICHARD P. XALL. There is no resident of Hartsijurg who has so long resided liere as Richard P. Nail, the well known and popular proprietor of the Xall House. He has been closely iden- tified with the interests of the town and its upbuilding, and he dates his residence in Logan county since 18O4. His birth oc- curred in Ohio county. Kentuck}-. June 15, 1838. his i^arents being Larcan and Julia (Griftin) Xall. the former a native of Ken- tucky and the latter of Virginia. The fa- ther spent the greater part of his life in THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 249 tlie Blue Grass state and there conducted a hotel and also carried on a general store. He likewise gave considerable attention to farming and was one of the leading tobacco raisers in that section of the state. In 1863 he remo\'ed from Kentucky to West Lin- coln township. Logan county, Illinois, and purchased a farm, but renting the land, he took up his abode in the city of Lincoln, where, in partnership with his son Richard, he was engaged in the dry goods and grocery business for a number of years. Subsequently he put aside business cares and lived a retired life in Lincoln until called to the home bevDud. The mother of our subject died in Kentuck\'. They were the parents of several children, but only two are now living — Richard P. and Alfred, who makes his home in Kentuckv. After the death of his first wife the father mar- ried Catherine Lewis, who died in Lincoln. Three of their children are now living : Mary B., who resides in Lincoln; Lem., of St. Paul, Minnesota: and Duff, of Chicago, Illinois. Under the parental roof Richard Xall was reared and in the public schools ob- tained his education. After arriving at years of maturity he chose as a companion and helpmate for the journey of life Miss Camilla Shanks, of Kentucky, who died a number of years later, and their three chil- dren have also passed away. For his sec- ond wife our subject married Johanna Hille- brand, a lady of (jerman lineage, and they have four children: Fannie, wife of Elma Musgrove. of Hartsburg: Larkin, a black- smith of the same town ; Louisa, wife of George Shirley, a farmer of Orvil town- ship, and Leila Florence, at home. In 1864 'Sir. Xall came to Illinois and settled upon the farm in W'est Lincoln township, Logan county, which his father had purchased the previous year. There he made his home for about a year, but on account of the ill health of his wife he re- turned to Kentucky. After spending the succeeding year in his native state he came again to Illinois, taking up his abode in the city of Lincoln, where he engaged in the grocery business with his father for two years. He then sold out and returned to Kentucky, where his first wife died. When fi\-e years had passed he again came to Logan county, establishing his home in Hartsburg when the village was first start- ed. He is the only one now living here that resided in Hart.sburg at the time. He first engaged in general merchandising, which he followed for a few years and was then appointed postmaster, filling that position during a part of both of President Cleve- land's administrations. After his retire- ment from office Mv. Xall and his wife be- gan keeping boarders, and the X^all House has always found favor with the public on account of the excellent table and the con- sideration which is paid to the welfare and comfort of the guests. Mr. Xall also owns se\-eral acres of land adjoining his home and is e.xtensively engaged in raising pota- toes, for which he has gained a wide repu- tation. His property interests alscj include several building lots in Hartsburg. He is also agent for the firm of Emmons & Com- oany, of Xewark, Xew Jersey, and does a large nursery business. In Lis political views he is a stalwart Democrat, and three times he has been elect- ed to the office of police magistrate, but only once has he consented to ser\-e. He has also held the position of town marshal and other minor offices. Socially he is con- nected with the .\ncient Order of United Workmen of Hartsburg, and both he and his wife ajre consistent members of the 250 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Cliristiaii clmrcli of Hartsburg, in wliicli lie is iidw sei"\in^' as trustee. In his busi- ness affairs lie has prospi-red. for his efforts have been carefuUy directed and his energy has brouplit to him success. ij'X'i i.rcws (ii^:()\'F.s. For se\-erai _\'ears the subject of this -sketcli was an iionored resident of Logan county. He was a native of Oliio, born on the 19th of June. 1S39, and was a .son of Thomas G. and Ehzalietli (Summers) Groves. His father was Ijorn in Virginia, in 1782, and wlien seventeen years of age re- niiAcd to ()liio, where lie remained luitil 1855, and tiien came to llhnois, in tlie mean- time becoming a very e.xtensive and success- ful farmer, ffe died in 1880, at the e.Ktreme old age of ninety-one years. During his boyhood our subject attended the common schools, and after rccei\ing a good i)ractical educatinn turned his attention to agricultural pursuits. In 1855 he came to DcW'itt countv. Illinois, where he re- mained some lime. Later he came to Logan county and followed farming initil failing health necessitated his retirement from that occupation, and he then engaged in the butcher business almul two years. With the lioi)e of benefitting his health he reninxed to Iowa in 1878, but there died two years later, honored and respected by all who knew him. .\s a ciimpanion and helpmate mi life's journey .Mr. (iroves chose Miss Elizabeth A. Curry, and their wedding was celebrated in September 26, 1867. She is a native of Ohio, and a daughter of Andrew (_"urr\-, who was originally from I'enns)-lvania, ami from there remo\ed to the Buckeye state. I\[r. and Mrs. Groves became the parents of four children, namely : Harry M., who resides in Chicago: Lester L. and Charles E., who are all married; and b'raiik L., wlm died in in- fancy. Lester L. and his wife live with his mother in .\tlanta. During the dark days of the Civil war, Mr. (iro\es manifested his loyalty and love of country by his ser\-ice in the Union armv, and he remained at the front until hostilities ceased, when he was honorably discharged. Socially he was a member of the Masonic fraternit}-, and religiously was a member of the Alethodist church. In all of the rela- tiiins ol life he w;is fnund true to e\er\- trust reposed in him whether public or private, and commanded the respect ruid confidence of all with whom he came in ci intact. ADAM BOCK. ^lany of the most enterprising and pros- perous citizens of Logan countv ha\e come from the land be\ond the sea, and here tliev have made for tliemsel\es and family a com- fortable home. Prominent among these is numbered the subject of this sketch, lie was bcirti in (iernian\- tm the 5tli of ]anuar\-. 1 85 1, and there grew to manhood, being nineteen years of age when he came to tlie I'nited States with his father. John .\. I'mck. a native of the fatherland. His ji.aternal grandparents. Henry and .^nnie ( Yeagell ) ]'>ock, spent their entire lives in Germany, the former dying in i83_^. and the latter in 1873. B\- occupation he was a farmer. John .\. Biock, the father of onr subject. \\as liiirn I'ebruarv 14. 1814. and received a good education iir the schools of his native land. During his boyluMKl and youth he worked with his father upon the home farm and then engaged in farming for himself. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 251 On tlie 1st of June, 1870, he and his family sailed for the new world and landed in Balti- more, whence tliev proceeded to Ohio, where tliev made their home for a )'ear and a half. On the expiration of that time he came to Logan ciinntv. Illinois, and first located in Elkhart, hut in 1877 removed to Lawndale, where he resided with ow suhject, until called to his final rest .August 12, 1881. His wife died in the old country in 1868. Her maiden name was Reagel and her people were farmers. The early education of our suljject was ai'(iuireth in the school room and in the pulpit. His entire life was si)ent in the south, \\here he died October 7, 1895, honored and respected by all who knew him. Our subject's maternal grandfather was Lorenzo Dow Griflitts, a \'irginian by birth. Professor Russell, of this review, passed the first twenty-five years of his life in his native state, and acquired his early educa- 252 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tion in his fatlier's private school, wliere he was graduated at the age of fifteen, being then prepared to enter the junior dass of Cumberland Unixersity at Lebanon, Ten- nessee. Instead of entering college at that time, however, he remained at home as in- structor in his father's school, teaching sev- eral branches, namely : mathematics, Latin, Greek, physics and rhetoric, thus showing the wide scope of his learning when but a mere boy. In 1883 he became a student at Cumberland University, where he was grad- uated two years later with the degree of A. B., and then resumed teaching. In 1889 Professor Russell came to Lin- coln, Illinois, to accept the chair of mathe- matics in Lincoln University, as it was then known, and has since remained at that place. Although having received several offers of better positions, he has sacrificed himself and bis ambition to the cause of the Unix'ersity, and has done much to advance her interests. As a teacher in mathematics he stands sec- ond to none, and his ability as a mathemati- cian was earlv demonstrated. It was the custom in his father's school on examination day at the close of the year for the visitors present to ask questions. On such an oc- casion, our suliject, then only ten years old. was called uijon to demonstrate a theorem in geometry, and so ably did he do it that the onl\- question asked was bv an old school teacher, who inquired the boy's age,.lieing surprised that a little l>arefoot lad could handle so difficult a problem. On the 2 1st of June, 1893, Professor Russell was united in marriage with Miss Rachel C. McGuire. nf Uethany, Illinois, a daughter of J, H. and ]\Iary ( Groeltz ) Mc- Guire. She was educated at Lincoln Uni- versity. The Professor and his wife have three children : Smith L., Paul A. and Theo- dore S. During his resilience in Lincoln he has been an acti\e and prominent member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, in which he has serxxd as elder for the past eight years, and most of that time has been clerk of the official board. He has also taught a large class of young men in the Sunday school for twelve years. Several times he has represented his congregation in the Presbytery, and was a member of the general asemblv of the Cumberland Presliy- terian church which met at Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 1900. .Socially he is a mem- ber of the Modern Woodmen of America. Professor Russell was a member of the party sent out by the Lick Obserx-atory to ob- ser\-e the ti.tal eclipse of the sun in May. 1900, and in Februarv of the following }-ear he discovered the new star in Perseus on the same night that it was discovered by Pro- fessor Anderson, of Edinburg. Scotland, but made no announcemet of it outside his own classes, and hence it became known as An- derson's star. The Professor is an active member of the National Educational Asso- ciation. In teaching as well as along other lines, he has e\'er been an advocate (if pro- gress and reform, and is thus identified with manv mo\'ements whose purpose is to do away with old methods and substitute new and better ank, of which he was the ]>rincipal organizer, is a native of Cermany, born January 4, 1837, in Esslingen, a large luaiuifactnring city containing the governiuent railroad shops, near Stuttgart, the capital of W'urteniburg, His father, Francis Jo.se])h Kcrehnle, was then in the militar\' serxice, Init soon after- ward entered the civil service of the govern- iuent, holding an oflice similar in duties to our sheriff and jailor*. After rccei\ing the tisual education of the German youth at Boeblingen, then the resi- dence of his parents. ^Fr. Koehnle, of this re- \iew, began the study of law and regiiue, or political ecoiioinw which he continued until the death of his father, in 1853. He then concluded to seek his fortune in America, and tni coming to this conntrv spent a short time in Xew Jersey, whence he reiuoved to Potts\ille. Peiuisyhania, where, owing to a general dei)ression in business, it was impos- sible to obtain a suitalile situation. Being determined to succectl and willing to engage in any honorable employiuent. he worked for a short time in the coal mines. In 1855 Mr. Koehnle came to Mt. Pulas- ki, Logan county, Illinois, and worked, sepa- rateK', within a few months, on a fariu, in a brickxard, and as a clerk in a store. In Oc- tober of the same }ear he was eiuployed to write in the oltice of Samuel Emiuitt, circuit clerk, and in Jainiary, 1856, removed with the county seat to Lincoln. From the fol- lowing .Vovember uiUil 1864 he served as deputy circuit clerk under the late Joseph C. W'elister, and was then hiiuself elected cir- cuit clerk of Logan county for a term of four years, and. at the expiration oi that period re-elected by nearly one thousand luajority — about four hundred aboxe the party ticket — the largest majority ever olitained b\- a can- diilate for anv ottice in this count\". and he ser\ed until Xo\eiuber, 187,2. F. C. W. KOEHNLE. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 257 On the 1st of September. 1854, ]\Ir. Kbelmle was united in marriage with i\l\ss Louise C. Orthwein. a sister of tlie Ortli- wein Brothers, of St. Louis, Missouri. She was Ijnrn at Kirchlierg, near ]Marbach (Schiller's liirtliplace), \\'urtem1iurg, Ger- man}-. Unto Mr. and I\Irs. Koelmle were born tlie following children: Frederick C born May 19, 1855, is now with Koehnle & Trapp. of Lincoln. Oscar, born July ^9, 1856. became an educated pharmacist, and died at Ocala. Florida. June 25, 1S88. lea\- ing one daughter, Emma C. who^ is now liv- ing with her mother in St. L(iuis. Amelia married L. C. Schwerdtfeger, and died Au- gust 8, 1897. Anna is the wife of Harry A. Houser. cashier of the S. T. Bittings Bank of Carlsliad, Xew ]\Iexico. William C. died February 26, 1895. Louise died at Los Angeles, California, December 13. 1896. In 1870 Mr. Koehnle left with his fam- ily for (iermany to visit relatives, and ar- ri\-ed in the city of Stuttgart two weeks be- fore France declared war against Germany, and saw the enthusiastic uprising of a whole nation. After the outljreak of the war he could not depart until the German troops gainetl decisive victories on the soil of France, and then could not take his family on account of the fatiguing journey they would necessarily have to make. After seeing the terrible effects of the gigantic war, in the returned dead and wounded soldiers and prisoners, he left his family in Stuttgart, sent his children to school, and returned to America. The only port in Europe accessi- ble from Germanv to America at that time was Li\-eq>ool, and to go there he was obliged to travel on the Rhine through the Netherlands to Rotterdam, that lieing the onl\- outlet; from there to Grimsby, Eng- land : and from Oueenstown, Ireland, to Boston. The latter voyage was made on a Cunard steamer and lasted eighteen days. ]Mr. Kc)ehn!e was much exposed to- the weather and encountered fearful st'irms. On his arrival in Boston his constitution was so completely broken down tliat he was unable to walk, and he was conveyed by friends to the residence of his sister in Jersey City, where for t\\-o months he lay upon a bed of sickness. During that time he became so low that his life was despaired of. On partially regaining his strength he returned to his western home, where he remained until June of the following year without recovering his health. He then again went to Germany, where, b}- the use of baths at the best bathing places, he recovered from his illness, and in Septeml)er. 1871. returned with his family to Lincriln. Airs. Koehnle died in this city February 5, 1876, and he was again married October 11. 1883, his second union being with ]\Iary A. Zdmmerman. of Philadelphia, a sister of Fred Zimmerman, of the firm of Zimmerman & Xixon, of Philadelphia. In 1862 Mr. Koehnle laid out a portion of Lincoln, known as Koehnle"s addition. In compan\- with Frederick Trapp, he now has the management of the business of Will- iam Scully, of Washington, D. C, a native of Ireland and an extensive land-holder in Illinois, ^Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska. I\Ir. Koehnle has had many formidable obsta- cles to encounter, but by perseverance has overcome them. The position he holds among his fellow men has been gained through his own exertions ; while his financial acquisi- tions, which are extensive, are the legitimate result of earnest and persevering efforts. He is a man of public spirit and enterprise, g'cnially disposed, and has many friends. Air. Koehnle was an active Republican from the time of Fremont's presidential cam- ])aign until 1872, ^\•llen he Ijecame identifiecl with the liberal mo\-ement, for v.hich he was 258 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. a delegate at Cincinnati, hut since then lie has voted the Republican ticket. In 1858 he was appointed by Governor Bissell as notary puljlic, to which oftice he has been re- appointed by each succeeding governor. He was elected a trustee of the town of Lincoln in April, i860; school inspector in July, 1 867 : and alderman for the Second ward of the city March 8, 1869. In all of these posi- tions he has shown keen perceptibifity anu good judgment, and has fulfilled the duties unty hatl witnessed the arrhal of fe'w of her citizens when David Bowles took up his abode within her borders. His residence in Or\il township now antedates that of any otlier person living in the com- munity, lor he came here in 1846, then a young man of twcilty-one. He has watched the develojiment and growth of this portion of the state as it has emerged from the wil- derness and from the liarren prairie to bloom and bk>ssom as the rose, and in the work of upbuilding and advancement he has borne a part of signal usefulness. He is now li\"- irig retired after mau\- years connection w ith agricultural interests, enjoying a well-earned rest in his pleasant home in Emden, The Bowles family originated in Eng- land, the first of the name he'mg Stephen Bowles, who lived in Dover. He had two sons who emigrated to the United States some time prior to the Revolutionary war. It is believeil that these two brothers, Jesse and David, settled in the Xew luiglaud states, as David had a son John, who was a captain in the Revolutionary war. .Stephen Bowles, of the third generation, married and had a family of four children. One of these was Da\id. wlio tiually settled in \'irginia. He, in turn, luul a famil\- of se\en children, one of whom was Jes.se. He also married anil became the father of se\en children, of whom one was David, the great-grandfather of our subject. He married JMinnie Rice, and they were the parents of nine children, of w honi Jesse was one. I iannah Perkins be- came his wife, and to them were born nine children, one of whom was Hughes, the fa- ther of our subject. David Bowles, the great-grandfather of our subject, li\ed and died in A'irginia. His son Jesse was born in that state, but moved to Kentucky some time after the birth of our subject's father, and there he lived to reach an advanced age. Mr. Bow les was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, March 13. 1825, a son of Hughes and Elizabeth (Payne) Bowles, lioth of wiiom were natives of ^"irginia. whence they removed' to Kentucky in an early day. The father there followed farming and w as also a minister of the Christian church. He con- tinued to reside in the Blue Grass state untif 1830, when he came with his family to Illi- nois, settling in that part of Sangamon coun- ty which is now a part of DeWitt county. Their home was near Midland City and also near the Lincoln county line. There the la- ther entered land from the government and engaged in its cultivation until his death, which occurred Decemlx?r 28, 1846. His wife passed away April 20. 1847. Elder Bowles had been twice married, his first union being with Ruth Prather, and after her death he married Elizabeth Payne, the moth- er of our subject. Bv the first marriage there were seven D > < o r w > z a 13 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 267 children: Andersnn, who was born January 19, 1808, married ]\,rargaret Carter, and died Septemljer 24, 1S90; Josepli, who was born September (>. iSog, married Rebecca Green, and lie is also deceased; Walter P., born January 5, 181 1. was a minister of the Chris- tian church, well known in Logan countv, married Isabelle A\'allacc, and died March 19, 1863: Betsy T., born October 12, 1812, married lienry Hall, and died December 11. 1890; Eleanor, who was born September 24,' 1814, became the wife of Harrison Baker, and departed this life December 16. 1872; \'erlinda, who was born Julv 20, 1816, mar- ried Hiram Daniels, and is also deceased; and Henry IL, who was liorn Jnlv 10, 181 8, married Casander Hall, and died September 20, 1S45. By the second marriage of Elder Bowles were liorn six children : Rebecca R., born :\Larch 19, 1S21, gave her hand in mar- riage to Ciiarles C. Wallace, and died in June, 1893; Julia, born September 15, 1822, is the wife of Peter J. Hawes. and resides in Augusta, Kansas; Sallie Ann, born Feb- ruary 26, 1824, died in infanc}-; David is the next younger; Jesse P., Iiorn June 18, 1827, married Maria Bevan, and resides in Mnl- vane, Kansas; and A^'illiam F., born October 5, 1829, married Rebecca F. Martin, and lives in Delphos, Iowa. Like the other members of the family, David Bowles acquired onl_\- a common- school education. He assisted his father in the work of the farm in DeAVitt county, and while there was married on the 8th of May, 1845- ^^'ss Elizabeth Ryan becoming his wife. She was born in Logan countv, Ken- tucky, Feljruary 9, 1824, a daughter of the Rev. William and Frances (Edgar) Ryan, who remo\-ed to Logan county, Illinois, at an early day and here spent much of their lives. The mother passed away in 1850 in this county, and the father died in Missouri 15 m 1S78. He was a farmer and a minister of the Christian church, and preached throughout this county. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Bowles has been blessed wdth seven children: Francis E., who was born April 20, 1846, died ]\Iarch 3. 1847; Will- iam Hughes, who was born December 20, 1847, married Jennie Smallwood, and they reside on a farm on section 2, Orvil town- ship, in connection with the cultivation of which he conducts a grain elevatoi" in Em- den ; Rebecca A., born November 2, 185 1, died March 29, 1852; George H.. born April 25, 1853, married Mollie Rogers, and is living in Mahaska county, Iowa ; Sarah A., born April 17, 1855, is the wife of D. H. Gamberling, a resident agriculturist of Orvil township; Charles R.. born December 12, 1856, married Annie Simpson, and is living on the old homestead in Orvil township ; and Da\-id L., born December 23, i860, married Annie Rogers, and resides in Emden, where he is engaged in general merchandising un- der the hrm name of D. L. Bowles & Com- pany. After his marriage Mr. Bowles, of this re\iew, remained upon the old homestead farm near Midland City until his father's death, in 1846. He then remo\-ed to Orvil township and settled on what is now section 2, where he entered land from the grw- ernment, for which he paid sixt_\--two and a half cents per acre, having a Mexican land warrant. He was the first settler in that part of the county. He began making improve- ments, and as the }-ears passed added all the modern accessories and conveniences, thus transforming a barren tract of prairie land into one of the most desirable country seats in the county. He successfully carried on general farming until 1895, when, having acquired a handsome competence, he resolveft to rest from his labors, and removed to Em- 268 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. I, den, where he Is noAV Hving retired, ahhoujjh he stiH owns the home place of more tlian three huiuh-ed acres of vahialile land. His long residence in the cotinty has made him well known, and the regard in which he is held throughout the community is shown by the fact that he is often six>ken of as "Uncle Davy." He has never sought or de- -sired public office, but gave his support to the Republican party until 1896, since which time he has been a Prohibitionist. Both he and his wife are members of the Christian church in Orvil township, in which he is also serving as elder, and in its work he takes a deep interest, contributing generously to its support. He owns a beautiful residence on one of the principal streets of Emden, and there he and his estimable wife expect to spend their remaining days. His lite, up- right and honorable in all relations, has been one crowned with success in business and with high regard in social life. ANDREW J. BERRYHILL. The subject of this review is spending the closing years of a long and useful life free from business cares at his pleasant home in Lincoln. He was born near Bell- brook, Greene count)-, Ohio, March 22, 1827, a son of Samuel and Polly (Crum- lev) Berryhill. both of whom were natives erfornied, winning for him the conuuendation of all concerned. He is public-spirited and progressive, and gives his support to all worthy enterprises whose object is to promote the general welfare of the comnumity in which he lives. Relig- iouslv he is a member of the Evangelical church of Lincoln, in which he served as deacon for fifteen years, but since resign- ing that position has held no church oftice. JOHX A. snipsox. John .\. Simpson, ot this review, is one of the leading contractors and builders of Lincoln, Illinois, antl has been an esteemed resident of this city since October 8. 1864. The birth of Mr. Simpson occurred in Rochester. Oakland county, ^lichigan. ^lay 30, 1852, and he was a son of Jeremiah and Sarah D. (^Hoppins) Simpson. Jeremiah Simpson, the father of our subject, was born in Trenton, Xew Jersey, in 18 1 8, antl is now hale and hearty, at the age of eight\-three years. In young man- hood he learned the trade of shoemaker, and later the carpenter's trade, in Xew York, but at the time of the outbreak of the Civil w ar was a resident of Warren county. Ohio. He enlisted for service in Company I. Fourth Ohio Cavalry, in which he was ser- geant, and was a faithful and efticient ofticer until he was disabled in one of the battles and was honorably discharged in 1864. To his daring and bravery the government was indebted deeply, as the following letter will testify : "Akmv of Clmberl.\xd. "C.\MP Stanley, Texx., April 10. '(\^. "Caf'taui Albert B. Dodd. "Sir: I sent Sergeant Simpson's de- scriptive roll to him at Cleveland. Ohio, on February i, 1863. as soon as he sent for it. He left tlie regiment at Hunts\ille. Ala- bama, as a recruiting ofticer. is the reason he did not get his papers. I am sorry his health is such that he cannot return to us. His courage and patriotism while with us won the friendship of all that knew him in the company. We miss him. He was emi- nently a good soldier and a X'. O. ofticer. He has lost his health in defense of his cimntry. and his government ought to re- member him. He has stood by me in dangers, ne\er shrinking from duty, always seeking the front. The government owes to him personally the capture of all we got at Huntsville. at least one million dollars. The sergeant was one of the advance guard, mounted on a fleet horse, pursued the mail THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECQg^. carrier tor miles after all the others gave out, captured him and the mail, keeping the intelligence from ]lunts\ille of the ap- roach of General Mitchell's forces. Hence A\e ti'iik the place hy surprise completely on the morning of .Xjiril i. i86j. From that time until he left he was almost constantly in the saddle, scmiting and skirmishing with the enenu". "1 am \'ours ohediently. "Jonx C. Stkwart. ■■I'irst Lieutenant, Commanding Company 1, Fourtli Ohio Volunteer Cavalrw "The above statements are true. "C.\PT. F. Zl.MMKR.MAX. '"Company K. Fmu'th Ohio \'olunteer C."v- alry." Mr. Simpson was married in 1850. in Cincinnati. Ohio, to Sarah D. Hoppins. who was born in Staunton, Virginia. She still survi\es. having always been a woman of remarkable activitv. The children born to Sergeant and Mrs. Simpson \\ ere : Roliert. who died in 1898. in Peoria, where he had been engaged in business as carpenter, me- chanic and hotel-keeper: John A., the sub- ject of this sketch: Charles A., who lives in Linciiln: Anna, who is the wife of Edward \\ odeski. a druggist, of Lincoln : and Doug- las C. alderman from the fiftlt ward. Both he and his brother Charles have long Ijeen associated with our subject in business. All of these children were gi\-en the best pos- sible school advantages, although the sons were early obliged to contribute to the sup- port (if the family, as the father's means were limited when he located in this state. Since that time until his retirement from ac- ti\ity Mr. Simpson followefl the trade of carpenter, contractor and builder, extending his labors to Chicago. Indianapolis and Lin- coln. .He assisted in the erection of many of the buildings of all kinds in this city, notably that of tlie Lincoln L^niversity. I'ntil he was sixteen years of age John A. Simpst)n attended school and was an apt antl aml)itious student. His first essav at bread-wiiuiing was as a clerk, but less than one year satisfied him that his talents must be directed in another direction. He tlien entered a woolen mill for a shi.irt time, but it was in i8;ig that he liegan upon a trade which has brought him ample rewards and ccnspicuotis position. His first work was w ith his father, with whom he remained for three years, or until he was a competent workman. He spent much time in Chicago, where his father had man)- contracts. Af- ter this he entered the employ nf the archi- tect and cnntractnr. Mr. Gaxle. but in i88j, in connection with his father, he became a member of the firm of liuilders and con- tractors which f(ir the next six years did much of the l)uilding in this section. Then he l)ought his father's interest and totik up in earnest the architectural part of the busi- ness, and in 1898 passed a \ery satisfactory examination in it in Chicago. ^Ir. Simpson draws his own plans, and his original designs give an attractive ap- pearance to almost all his work. He has done much building in Lincoln, choosing niiw the work on which he can bestow the results of his study. The nn^st substantial and expensive residences in this city and \-icinity have been built under his careful su]ier\-ision. ^Ir. Simpson emplovs about ei,ghteen men and carries on e\erv branch 'i)f cr)ntracting and building, although he luakes a personal specialtx' of handling and setting plate glass. About se\enty-five per cent of this work in Lincoln has been done by him. and he is also competent to figure 272 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. en fire losses and give estimates for replace- ment of the glass. Mr. Simpson was married in 1876, in Lincoln, to ]\Iiss Amy Stewart, who was born in Luzerne county, Pennsyhania, in 1856. Her parents were residents of Ma- son count}-, Illinois, but are deceased._ The other members of the family are : ]\Irs. A. S. Guthrie, of Blunt, South Dakota: Henry, an attorney in Missouri ; ^Irs. Louis A. Jackson, of Green Bay, Wisconsin : Charles F. Beck, a half-brother, in the clothing busi- ness in Chicago; and Harry Beck, a farmer, of Mason county. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Simpson were as follows: Sylvester A., the eldest, died on January 10, ic^oi. He learned the trade under his father, was a bright, intelligent voung man of twenty-four years, was time-keeper, and at work when he fell from a building and was killed. His education had been acquired in the public schools and in the Lincoln Business College. Myra L., Julia C Carl E. and .-Kmy I. have all been well educated. The family resi- dence was erected in 1875, ''"'^^ '^ o"^ ^^ ^'^^ most Cfjmfortable and attractive in its vicin- ity. The religious connection of the family is with the Christian church, in which Mr. Simpson has been trustee for several years. Although Mr. Simpson is an ardent Repub- lican and an interested worker f(jr his party, he has never consented to hold ot¥ice. His social membership is with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows : is president of the order K. of G.. and is ^•ery prominently identified with the Sons of Veterans, has passed three chairs in that order and was chosen a delegate to the Detroit Encamp- ment, from Illinois, in i8g8. He is a stock- holder and was formerly a trustee in the Lincoln Building .\ssociation. He is one of the leading and reliable citizens of Lincoln. LORENZO D. DOWNING. Among the old and higlily esteemed resitlents of Chester township, Logan coun- ty, Illinois, who enjoys the distinction of being the oldest continuous citizen, is Lorenzo D. Downing, whose name is a familiar one through this part of the county. The birth of ^Ir. Downing goes far l)ack in the iiistory of the state, taking place Decem- ber 27, 1829. His father was Robert Downing, who was a nati\e of Pennsyl- \ania, and was taken to Ohio by his parents when a lad and there received a frontier school education, later teaching school for a few terms. His wife was formerly Jane ]\Iorrow, who was l)orn in Ca_\'uga county, New York, but died in Logan county, at the age of eighty years, her husband survi\-ing tcT the age of ninety-three years and six months. Both sleep in the Templeman cemetery, a daughter l)eing the first person interred in that ground. Tlie Downing family landed in Logan county in .\ugust, 1822. At that time there were but few houses along the timber belt where the\- settled, but Robert Downing worked hard, cleared up a prr)perty and then went to Galena, where laborers were wanted in the lead mines. Here he was employed for two }"ears, and in this time he accumu- lated enough to return to Logan county and l)uy eighty acres of land, for which he paid one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre. This was but a beginning, for as time went on his industry was rewarded and he finally owned nine hundred acres of land in this county. Ten children were born into this home, these being: John, who died in Mc- Lean county ; Mary, now living in Iowa, the wife of George Roberts, formerly of Logan c\vns se\-en hundred acres, eight}' of which is in timber. The balance is under culti\'ation and is farmed by his children. All of his land has been well im- proved, and to much of it he gave his per- sonal attention until iSc^o. when he retired from active labi.n". lea\ing the liurdens to younger hands. Mr. Downing was first married Janu- ary I. 1854, to Miss Angeline Shoup, who died in October, 1854. In 1856 he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Shoup, who was a native (jf Ohio. In 1873 she passed awa}-, the three sur\-iving children of the family of se\en born to this union being: Ellen, the wife of William Milner, who resides in Mt. Pulaski township: \\'ill- iam L.. who resides in Chester township; and John M., who resides in Aetna town- ship, all of the children l>eing located on property belonging to their honored father. In 1873 Mr. Downing was married to ]\Irs. Xancy ( Hainline) Bradley, who was born in Tazewell county, Illinois. July 4, 1S38. She had one daughter living, — Alice, who married William H. Smith, and resides in East Lincoln township. To our subject and wife two children ha\e lieen born, of whom one died in infancy. Flora B. is the w ife of Joseph M. Shoup, and they have one son living. — Cecil. Our subject lives at the home of his daughter in Chester town- shii). surrounded b}' e\'ery comfort and be- loved by his large familv. In politics Mr. Downing has been an active worker in Republican ranks, but has never desired [)artv recognition. Mrs. Downing is a member of the Christian church, and Mr. Downing cheerfully and liberally contributes to the support and ad- vancement of all Christian enterprises. He is financially interested as a stockholder in the First National Bank at Blount Pulaski^ and has been the organizer and promoter of many of the leading interests of the countv. Mr. Downing is the oldest continuous resi- dent of Chester township now living there, and has been an intelligent and interested witness of the wonderful changes which have taken place. ^^■1LLIAM H. NEEL. One of the most energetic and enterpris- ing Imsiness men of Atlanta is William H. Xeel, proprietor of the leading livery and feed stable of that ])lace. He is a native of Illinois, born in Pike countv, August 7, i8(')4, and was unl}- t\\(j years old when brought to Logan countv l)v his jiarents. 274 TtlE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Henry and Tsahclla ( Bowcn ) Xeel. The lather was l)iirn in Pennsyh ania. of Irisli and German tleseent, and there learned the carpenter's trade, wlncli he followed in con- nection \vith farminj^- thronghont the greater part of his life. In the fall of 1850 he came to Pike county. Illinois, anil linally located in Logan count}' in 1866, his home heing on a farm east of Lincoln, where he remained until his death, which occurred Alarch 3, 1899. His wife, who still resides on the old home farm with a son and daughter, was liorn in i8_>4. and is, therefore. se\ent\- seven year.s of age at the present writing. Of the five children born to them only three now sur\i\e.- William H. Xeel grew to manhood upon the home farm, and was provided with good school privileges, attending lirst the com- mon schools, later the Lincoln Business Col- lege anil completing his education at the Lincoln University. He began his business career as a farmer and stock dealer, and con- tinued to follow those pursuits ipiite suc- cessfully until he embarked in his present business at Atlanta in i8i;4. He has a well-stocked stable, and recei^■es a liberal patronage. Upright and reliable in his Ijusiness dealings, he has gained the con- fidence of all with whom he has come in contact. In his jioliticai affiliations he is a Republican, and in his social relations is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Rebekahs and the Modern Woodmen of America. GEORGE ^'ERRY George Verrv. now lix'ing retired in At- lanta, Illinois, has spent his entire life in this state. His life is an exemplification of the fact that there are no rules fm" building characters, and none for achieving" success. The man who can rise from the ranks to a l)osition of eminence is he who can see and utilize the op]>ortunities that surround his path. The essential conditions of human life are e\er the same, the surroundings of inili\iduals differ but slightly. When one passes another on the highway of life it is liecause he has the power to use advantages which i)rob;iljl\' encompass the whole human race. A nati\-e of Illinois. !Mr. A'erry w'as born in Tazewell count}- on the 13th of April, 1851, and is a worthy representative of a good old Xew England family. His father. \\ illia.m A. \'erry. was born Januar}' 17, i8i<). in ^Massachusetts, of A\hich state his grandfather. William C. Verry. was also a nati\e. his birth occurring in Boston, May 30, 1795. The great-grandfather, who also liore the name of \\'illiam, was likewise born in Massachusetts, and took a prominent part in the I'ievolutionary war. At the age of twent}-two years \\'illiam C. \'err}- mar- ried Miss Luciuda Hortim. of ^Massachusetts. In the fall of 1822 they removed with their famil}- to' Illinois, and first located in Bond county, but the following }ear took u]) their residence in ]M(jrgan county, being among the earliest settlers of that locality. There the grandfather entered land and engaged in farming. William A. \'erry was reared upon his father's farm in Morgan county, and ac- cpured his education in a log school-house of the neighborhood. On attaining his ma- joritv he left the parental roof and started out to make his own way in the world. He was married October _'o. i84J.to Miss Sarah Ann Farnsworth, a native of Missouri, and a daughter of Enos and Frances Farnsworth. After his marriage ]Mr. \'erry was furnished with a team of horses ruul wagon, and in GEORGE VERRY. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 277 1843 li^ removed to Tazewell county, taking up his residence in a small frame house on a tract of forty acres of land which he had pur- chased. Meeting with excellent success in his farming operations, he added to this property from time to time until he owned twenty-four hundred acres of valuable land. He was not only one of the most prosi>erous and substantial farmers of his community, hut was also one of its most prominent and influential citizens. He died in Tazewell countv ]\lav 21, i8gS. and his wife passed awav on the 22d of ^larch. the same year. Thev were the parents of six children, four of whom are now living: William E., George, Elon F. and Frances. Our subject attended school near his bovhiKid home, and received a good ]iracti- cal education. Reared on a farm, he early acquired an excellent knowledge of agricul- tural pursuits, and he made that occupation his life work. He remained at home until twentv-one years of age. and then removed to a farm belonging to his father in Alount Hope township. ^IcLean connty, Illinois. For manv years he devoted his time and at- tention to his farming interests, and also en- saered in stock-raising; to some extent. His efforts were crowned with success, so that ti>day he is one of the most substantial citi- zens of Logan county, owning seven hun- dred and eighty acres of improved land. In 1891 ~Sh\ A'errv decided it was time to take a rest, and accordingly he erected a beautiful and commodious residence in Atlanta at a cost of several thousand dollars, where he and his most estimable wife are now spend- ing their days in ease and comfort. Al- though retired from the more active pur- suits of life, he still looks after his many interests. On the 8th of October, 1874, Air. Verry was united in marriage with Miss Emma A. Grain, a daughter of William D. and Martha ( AIcAIillan) Grain, who were natives iif Kentucky, and were descendants of old and prominent families of the Blue Grass state. To i\Ir. and Airs. Verry were born two children : Edna F., who is now taking a classical course at the Chicago L'niversity; and Nora E., who died August 28, 1876. Mrs. Veny is a member of the Alethodist Episcopal church, while the daughter holds membership in the Baptist church. Socially Air. \"erry is a member of At- lanta Lodge, No. 165, -V. F. & A. AI., Chap- ter Xo. 188, R. A. AI. ; and Lincoln Com- mandery, No. 51, K. T. He is of a retir- ing disposition, ne\er pushing himself for- ward or seeking publicity, but giving strict attention tO' his personal affairs. A life of honest toil is a good stepping-stone to pros- perity and merits a rest in the prime of life, giving time and means for the enjoyments of life. ■*—*■ PHILIP G. AHRENS. The biography of very many of the suc- cessful and leading agriculturists of any lo- calitv tells the same story, that of energy, lionesty and industry well repaid. This is the case in the present instance, for Philip G. Ahrens in early life was forced by cir- cumstances tcT make his own wa)' in the world, and in the few intervening years has become the manager of a large estate and the owner of an improved property in another state, while he enjoys the esteem and confi- dence of those with whom he has spent many years. The birth of Air. Ahrens occurred in Cass county. Illinois, April 27, 1862, and he is a son of Henry J. and Caroline Ahrens, the former of whom died in Sedgwick coun- 278 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ty, Kansas, in 1893, at the age of seventy- seven, wliile tlie latter, at the age of sixty- five, hves in Kansas upon one of the farms })iiirchased b\- lier husband. They had a family of four children, namely : \\'illiam, who was a farmer, unmarried, and died in Decatur in 1872; Lena, who is the wife of Paul Hartwig and resides in East Lincoln township; Henry, who lives a retired life in Or\-il township; and Philip, who is the sub- ject of this sketch. The parents were na- ti\-es of German}- and came to .\merica when quite _\'()ung. The_\' were married in St. Louis and always followed farming, lirst in Cass county, Illinois, but later in Macon county and then in Logan. From this county Mr. and ^Irs. .'vhrens removed to Kansas, where he purchased a ime-half sec- tion of land in Sedgwick county, which he improved, and although he had reached .America a poor young man. at the time of his death lie was considered one of the sub- stantial citizens of his l(icality. He was a Methodist in religious faith, and \vas a Re- publican in ]jolitics. l.ieing a great admirer of President Lincoln. He ga\-e his children as good educational acK'antages as he could afford, and was alwa\"s interested in their welfare. Philip G. .\.hrens attended school botli in Macon and L(_)gan counties, and imtil he was twenty-one _\-ears old remained at home, starting out then to work on the neighbor- ing farms by the month. For tw(j years he worked and saved his wages, accumulating quite a sum. In 1885 he was united in mar- riage of Miss AntoinetteNeibuhr, who was born in McLean county, in 1863. and who was a daughter of Simon and Frances Nie- ]_)uhr. I)oth of whom li\e retired in Logan county. Mr. Niebuhr was a large land- owner, possessing about fifteen hundred acres in Logan countv. Six children still survive of the family born to Mr. and Mrs. Niebuhr, namely: Laura, wife of John Richmond, who lives in Fort Scott, Kansas; Antoinette, wife of Mr. Ahrens; Alexander, a resident of Peoria; Josephine, wife of Eden C. Perkins, of Lincoln ; Clara, at home ; and also Adelia, at home. This family enjoyed e.xce])tion educational advan- tages, both in McLean and Logan counties, and one s his coun- try. Our subject was one of a famil_\- of chil- dren that as soon as they reached man's estate scattered to different parts of the country. Air. Reise in early life received a thorough training" in agricultural ])ursuits. and perhaps this, together with his wonder- ful store of energy, explains win- his life was such a success. In July, 1 85 1, he was united in mar- riage with Miss Victorine Jaquine. Her parents were members of a distinguished French family, and her birth occurred within fourteen miles of the city of Paris. ^Vhen very young she was brought by her parents to this country and her father set- tled near Peoria, Illinois, where he became an extensive farmer and stock raiser, wiiich occu])atio'n he followed up to the time of his death. His wife only survived him a short time, when she, too, was called away. The marriage of Mr. and Airs. Reise resulted in the birth of ten children, as follows : George. Julia, Augusta, Lizzie, Emma, Clara, Harriman, Edwin, Frank and Fred. Beginning on a small scale, as nearly all our young men did in those early days, Air. Reise steadily prospered in his chosen pro- fession until at the time of his death he was one of the most substantial farmers of Lo- gan county. One had but to visit his farm and \iew the well-tilled fields to find the reason of his success, as his was a model farm. In early life he united with the Luther- an church, and from that time until his death he was one of the most faithful fol- lowers of the di\-ine teachings. Airs. Reise is a de\-out member of the Catholic church of Atlanta. As a lad Air. Riese came to America, and with no capital, started out in a strange lantl to o\ercome the difficulties and ob- stacles in the path to prosperit\-. His youthful dreams of success were realized, and he was able to leave his famil_\- a com- fortable competence. He is gone, and no more is his fannliar figure seen, but his memor)- will al\va_\'s remain and his family may well be proud of the record that is left as a monument to his memorv. LYAIAX O. BUZZARD. L)man O. Buzzartl, chief of the night police force of Lmcoln, is proud to claim Illinois as his native state, his l)irth having occurred near \'andalia, Fayette county, February 18, 1850. His father, Ahin Buz- zard, was born in Holmes county, Ohio, in 1834, of (ierman ancestry, and came to this state in 1846. Ten years later he became a resident of Logan county, and is now liv- ing a retired life in Xew Holland. During 2 8o THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. his acti\'e lousiness career he followed farm- ing principally, but also engaged in the mer- cantile and livery business. Through his own unaided efforts he has succeeded in ac- cumulating a comfiirtable competence by his farming operations and business \en- tures, and is now able to lay aside all busi- ness cares and spend the remainder of his life is ease and (juiet. He has ne\-er taken a very active part in politics, but has always supported the Republican party. In early manhood he married ]\Iiss Jane .Smith, who \yas also born in Holmes county, Ohio, May 8, 1833, and is of English descent. Unto them were born ten children, of whom two died in infancv. ^Nlarilla, born in 1848, married Charles Phillips, formerly a resi- dent of Elkhart, Illinois, and died in 1874. Those living are as follows: L}-man O., our subject ; Texas A., who is doing busi- ness at the Union Stockyards in Chicago: George and Schuyler, l)oth residents of New Holland, this county; Ella, wife of Edward Johnson, of Havana, Illinois: Alice, wife of Charles Crane, of Aurora Springs, Mis- souri: and i\Iay, wife of Charles Kirkpat- rick, a liuilding contractor of Lincoln. They were all reared at home and educated in the public schools of Logan county. ]\[r. Buzzard, of this review, attemled the ]3ul)lic schools of Elkhart. At the age of seventeen he left home and went to Kan- sas. He learned the liutcher's trade in Kan- sas City, and since that time has followed that occupation uninterruptedly. After spending three years in Kansas City he re- turned to Lincoln, and in 187^ went to Chi- cago. From 1884 until 1889 he was in Memphis, Tennessee, and then returned to Chicago, where he made his home until 1893. Returning to Logan county, he spent two years at New Holland, and in 1896 took up his residence in Lincoln, where THOMAS O. SNYDER. For more than a (|uarter of a century Thomas O. Snyder has been a representative of the building interests of Mount Pulaski and Logan county, and in the line of his l/msiness has contrilnUed in large measures to the impro\-ement and sulistantial deA'lop- he has since li\ed. During all this time he has engaged in the butcher business. In IMay, 1901, he was appointed police cap- tain of the night force, and is now tilling that ofiice in a UKJSt capable and satisfac- tory manner. At Peoria, in 1876. ]\Ir. Buzzard mar- ried Miss Aha Frazer, who died in (Jctijber, 1 88 J, at Chicago, leaving one daughter, Goldie. .She was born in 1878 and is ]i\-- ing with her maternal grandparents in Peoria, being a teacher in the pulilic schools of that city. She gratluated there and has ' since engaged in teaching. ]\Ir. Buzzard . was again married in Chicago, in 189 1, his second uni(jn being with Miss Leo Barrett, who was l)orn in Allaany, New York, but was reared and educated in Chicago. Her parents are both deceased. On national issues Mr. Buzzard ahvays supports the Republican party, but at local elections \'otes for the men whom be believes best (|ualitied for the offices, regardless of party lines. Pie is a member of the blue lodge of the Masonic fraternity at Lincoln, having been made a Mason in 1876. He gives his aid to all clnu'cli and philanthroi)ic work and uses his influence for the better- ment of the community in which he lives. He is a great reader and keeps well posted on current exents as well as the best litera- ture of the daw THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 2SI nient nf this section of tlie state. He was l.uirn in the cit_\- which is still his home, Jul)- 5, 1853, and on the paternal side is of German lineage, his great-grandfather hav- ing heen lidrn in Germany, whence he cross- ed the ocean to the new world, Ijecoming the progenitor of the family on this side the Atlantic. George Snyder, the grand- father, was born in Pennsyhania, and Charles W. Snyder, the father of our sub- ject, w as a n.ati\-e of Schuykill county, Penn- s\l\ania, where his birth occurred Decem- l>er 9, 1825. After arriving at years of maturity he married Jemima J. Baker, who was biirn in Sangamon county, Illinois, in 1831, a daughter of Thomas Baker, who was Ixirn in Kentucky and became one of the pioneers of the Prairie state. He mar- ried Miss Delay. Iveared in his parents home, Thcimas O. Sn_\-(ler attended the public schools of Mount Pulaski, where he continued his studies un- til fifteen years of age. He was afterward empliiyetl in \arious ways wherelj\- he might earn an honest living and eventually learned the carpenter's trade, wdiich he has since fiillowed as a life work. In 1872 he began contracting and building on his own account and for twenty-five years has been a mem- lier I if the firm of Ralston & Snyder, enter- ing into i)artnership with W. H. Ralston — a connection that has been maintained through a quarter of a centry, the firm oc- cui^ying a foremost position among the con- tractors and l)uilders of this part of the coun- ty. They have taken and promptly executed many contracts, and fine residences and other substantial luiildings of Mount Pulaski and the sm'rounding countrv stand as monu- ments to their skill and handiwork. During the l)usy season of the year they emplo}- Irom fifteen to eighteen men. and they do much of their finishing work both b_\' hand and machinery. Their reliabilit\- and faith- fulness to tlie terms of contract ha\e won fcjr them a large patronage, bringing them a desirable income. In 1881 Mr. Snyder was united in mar- riage to Miss Harriet A. Shriver, a native of Logan county and a daughter of James and Sarah (Mann) Shriver. They now ha\"e four children, a son and three daugh- ters : Fred H., Lulu A., Jessie H. and Ailine ]\I. In his political ^•iews Mr. Sny- der is a stalwart Republican and has filled some local offices, ser\ing for one term as tax collector and for three years as a mem- ber of the school board. He takes a deep in- terest in everything pertaining to the wel- fare of the communit\- and is a progressive and public-spirited citizen. He belongs to the Modern Woodmen Camp of Mount Pu- laski, and has out onl)* the regard of his l)rethren of the fraternity, Ijut of all who are familiar w ith his upright life. Industry and enterprise may be well termed his salient characteristics, for thev ha\e been the ac- tive factors in his long- and honorable busi- ness career, winning him a comfortable competence. FRAXIvLIX CLEVELAND ORTON. Franklin Cle\'eland C)rton, deceased, was for some years one of the most promi- nent and influential business men of Lin- coln, where he made his home until his death, which occurred August 20, 1900. He was born in Lebanon, New York, on the ]6th of August, 1852, and was a son of Dr. L\'man O. and Julia C. Orton, who lirought their faniil}' to Illinois in 1855, and settled on a farm near Broad well, Logan county, \\here the father engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1864, and then removed to 282 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Linciilii. Here he died in 1884. but his wife is still li\ing and now resides on Logan street. Li the family were two children who are still living: Samuel, a resident of Kansas City, Missouri; and Julia. During his boyhood Mr. Orton of this review took the full course in the Lincoln University, and afterward learned teleg- raphy at the Chicago & Alton Railroad sta- tion in Clinton in 1870. Subsequently he was made station agent of the Peoria, Decatur & Evansville Railroad and largely contrib- uted to the development of the company's business in this city. On the 17th of November, 1881, Mr. Orton was united in marriage with Miss Carrie Rutledge, daughter of Rev. \\illiam Rutledge, of Jacksonville, Illinois, and to them were born eight children, six of whom are living, namely: Virginia, Lyman O., Franklin C. ^^■illiam R., Louis S. and Ju- lian R. One son died in infancy, and Gladys died when about eighteen months old. ' ]Mr. Orton became a stockholder and di- rector of the Lincoln National Bank in 1885, and in July of the following year was elected cashier, which position he acceptably filled until January, 1892, when he was elected \ice-president and was succeeded by P. E. Kuhl as cashier. He was actively connected with the management of the bank until July, 1894, and continued to hold the office of vice-president up to the time of his death. In the meantime he became inter- ested in the grain business, being associ- ated with John \\'. Spellman, as successors to the firm of J. ?vl. Moloney & Company. Charles W. Spitly was admitted to a part- nership in the business in December, 1895, constituting the well known firm of Spell- man, Orton & Spitly of Lincoln. ]\Ir. Orton was ill but a few davs before his death and was operated on fur appemli- citis with the hope of prolonging his life, but this proved of no avail, and he passed away, mourned not onlv by his immediate family, but also by his business associates and many friends. He was a de\-oted husband and an indulgent father, and a true and loyal friend. In boyhood he united with the Congregational church of Lincoln, and for se\'eral years was a faithful attendant on its services and a worker in the Sunday school. When that church was disbanded he dicl not transfer his membership to an_\- other church, but was always very friendly to all religious denominations, and con- tributed generously to the support of the gospel. His career was that of a remark- ably successful business man, indicating abilities and resources of an exceptional character. In his dealings he was ever prompt, relialile and entireh' trustw(^rthv, and although he gained a greater degree of success than came to many of his fellow townsmen, it was because he was very ener- getic, perse\'ering and capable in managing his affairs. < » » H. A. J. PAUL. H. A. J. Paul, a jirominent farmer of Or- \\l township, Logan count\', Illinois, has made his home in this county for nearly half a centur\'. He was born in Kentuckv, March 30, 1832, and is a son of Edmund and Rachel (Gray) Paul, both natives of Ken- tucky In 1835 t'l^ family mo\ed to ^Mon- roe county. Indiana and there the father en- gaged in farming. He was also a cooper. carpenter and wagon maker by trade, and worked at these occupations in connection with farming in ^Monroe county, Indiana, until his death. The mother of our suliject THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 283 also (lied in the same countx'. Eigiit cliil- tlren ci instituted their family and three came w est. namely : Catherine, now Mrs. AIcAIa- hon. a resident of Kansas: Elizabeth, now Airs. Robert Wdiitesell of McLean count}-, iumois: and Henrv A. J., our subject. The others were William: Taylor, who is now deceased : Rhoda and Sarah, both residents of Indiana; and Davis, who was drowned wnen about ten years of age. The education of Air. Faul was limited as he was obliged to assist his father on the nome farm and in the winter time after be- coming old enough he was obliged to work in the cooper shop. At the age of twenty, he started out in life on his own account and came west, direct to Logan county, Illinois, settling in Eminence township, where he worked as a farm hand for four years. The first winter he spent here he attended school. In 1855 he was married to Aliss Alary Hinkle. whi) was a native of Monroe county, Indiana, anfl a daugiiter of Jonathan and Catherine Hinkle, natives of South Carolina and Indiana, respectively. They made their hnme in Monroe countv. Indiana, where thev engaged in farming and both died there. Our subject and wife have five children, namely : Alice, wife of George Scott, of Boyington, Tazewell count\'. Illinois: Henrv. A\ho married Alyra Alathcws and resides on a farm in Tazewell county: J. J., who mar- ried Leona Miller and resides in Emden, this cecofne one of the leading blacksmiths of Linciln. He was born in this city on the 22nd of Alav, 1S67. and is a son of \A'illiam L. and Alaria I Hatch ) .Adams, the former a native of Do\-er, Alassachusetts, the latter of New York state. They were the parents of seven children, namely : John, a resideiit of .Vrkansas City, Kansas: Alargaret, wife of Joseph Johnson, of Nebraska; Ezekiel ; Xelson, who lives in Lincoln; Ervin, our 284 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. subject; and Lillian, wife of Alonzo Smith, of Lincoln; and one who died in infancy. The family resided in ^lassachnsetts until 1 86 1, when the parents, accompanied by 'their five children came to Lincoln, Illinois. In this county the father engag^ed in farm- ing and dairying until i8(ji, when he laid aside all business cares and lived retired until his death, which occurred in 1896. Er\in L. .\dams acquired his early edu- cation in the comnum schools ot Lincoln, and also pursued a mechanical course of study at Scranton, Pennsylvania. He re- mained at home giving his father the benefit of his labors until tweraty years of age, and then worked for others for a few years. Learning the blacksmith's trade, he at length opened a shop in Lincoln, where he does machine, wagon and buggy repairing and general blacksmithing, making a specialty of horseshoeing. His simp is located at No. 116 Clinton street, and is one of the best in the city. JNIr. Adams was married, October 12, 1892, to ]\Iiss Luella Burris, who was born in Illinois, in 1871, and was reared on a farm, her education being obtained in the public schools of the neighborhood. They ..\e three children, two sons and one daughter, namely : Leonard \\'. .V., Emmet W. and Florence R. Mr. Adams owns a ^•ery neat and comfortable residence on Clinton street. He is broad and liberal in his views and gives his support to all worthy enterprises for the good of the community in \\hich he lives. C. H. TURNER. C. H. Turner, cashier of the People's Bank of Atlanta, Illinois, was bom near that city on the 19th of January, 1852, and is a son of Allen and Elizabeth Turner, who have been dead for several years, the former pass- ing awav in 1856, the latter in iS');. In the family were three children, namely ; Theo- dore B., who was born in 1S50, and died in August, 1901, in \\'aco, Texas; Charles H., our subject: and Belle, who was born in 1854, and died in 1858. C. H. Turner was reared and educated in this count}-, and attended the nonual college at Normal, Illinois. On the 22d of Decem- ber, 1875, he was united in marriage with ]\Iiss Ella Tenney, a daughter of Dr. Jerome B. and [Martha Tenney, and three children blessed this union : Deane Clifford, born July 15,-1881 : Hazel Duane. born December 10, 1883; and Walter Carlyle, born Novem- ber 18, 1890. The oldest child died in 1883, at the age of two years. In 1874 Mr. Turner entered the Ex- change Bank of Atlanta as bookkeeper, and continued with that institution until July, 1S87, at which time the business was sold to other parties. In the fall of that year he or- ganized the People's Bank as a limited part- nership, with a strong directory, and has since served as its cashier, the other officers being George ^^^ Funk, president ; E. F. \'errv, vice-president ; and R. F. Ouisen- berry, teller. This bank has met with almost phenomenal success, which in a great meas- lu'e is due to the able management od oiw subject, who has worked his way upward to a foremost position among the prominent financiers of this section of the state. His life demonstrates what may be accomplished through energ}', careful management, keen foresight and the utilization of powers with which nature has endowed one and the opn ])ortunities with which hte times surround him. In politics Mr. Turner is a Republican. Fraternally he is a ]\Iason and Odd Fellow, and has passed the chairs of both orders. C. H. TURNER. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 287 LYMAX OSGOOD ORTOX. :^I. D. Among the old and honored residents of Lincoln was Dr. Lyman Osgood Orton, who was widely and favorably known through- out Logan county. He was born in Hamil- ton, Xew York, in 1819, his parents being Thomas and Beulali (Rockwood) Orton. The father was a native of X^ew Hampshire, and was of English descent. The Doctor was educated at the State L'niversity of X'ew York, and after his graduation entered the medical college at Fairfield, that state, where he was also graduated. At ]\Iadison he was married in 1S41 to Miss Julia Cleaveland, who was also born in that place in 1S17. and is a daughter of Gen- eral Erastus Clea\eland, one of the pioneers of central Xew York. She was educated at Oxfijrd Academy, and in the schools of Waterville. Xew York. Unto the Doctor and his wife were born seven children, three of whom reached man and womanhood: Samuel Clea\eland. now a resident of Kan- sas City, ^lissouri : Julia R. ; and Frank Cleaveland. whose sketch appears on another page of this volume. These children were all born in Lebanon, Xew York. For fifteen years after his marriage Dr. Orton was engaged in practice at that place, and in 1855 came to Illinois. The following >ear he located on a farm two miles south of Broadwell in Logan county, and practiced medicine to a limited extent among his ac- quaintances for several years. Init finally withdrew entirely from his profession in 1865. He was a well-read physician and able practitioner, but always disliked the pro- fessicjn. The last twenty years of his life were passed in Lincoln, where he died April 19, 1S84. It was truly said of him that as a citizen he was universally respected; as a 16 neighbor and friend he was beloved ; as a husband he was kind, affectionate and con- siderate ; as a parent he was a well-spring of tenderness and devotion : as a man he was conscientiously just, humane, llowing with the milk of human kindness, incapable of wrong. It is therefore but fitting that he be accorded a place in the history of his adopted county. His widow still survives him, and although now eighty-four years of age is still in possession of all her faculties. Like her husband she is universally respected and esteemed. CARTAIX CHRISTOPHER C. MASOX'. Among those deserving of prominent mention in the annals of Logan countv is Captain Christopher C. ilason, a veteran of both the ^Mexican and Civil wars. His earlv home was on the other side of the Atlantic, for he was born in Leeds, England, October 2, i8-?o. his parents being William and Eliza- beth ( Stonehotise) [Mason. In 1827 the lather and two brothers came to the United States and located in Philadelphia, Penn- syhania. where the}- were joined Ijy the re- mainder of the family a year later. There the father worked at the carpenter's trade for a time, and on leaving that citv went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he spent two years. He was next a resident of St. Louis, ^Nlis- souri, and from there moved to Springfield. Illinois, in 1 832. Two years later he came to Logan county, and entered one hundred and forty acres of land on Salt creek, for which he paid the government price of one dollar and a quarter per acre. L'pon that farm he made his home, engaged in agricult- m-al ])ursuits until his death in 1840. His wife and family subsequently removed to ^It. Pulaski, where she died in 18^0. 288 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Captain Mason was quite small on the emigration of the family to the new world, and his education was principally receix'ed in the public schools of Phila(lel])hia. He ac- companied his parents on their various re- movals and on coming to Logan county, Illi- nois, worked with his father at the carpen- ter's trade, being able to do all the work then required in building a house from cellar to garret. In 1846 Captain Mason married Miss Louisa I. Laughery, who was born in this countv. in 183 1. and is a daughter of David and Elizabeth (Williams) Laughery, natives esides his business prop- erty he owns a pleasant home in Lincoln. In Ijoston, Alassachusetts, Mr. lies was married, in -\pril 1889, to Miss Abbie .Splain, who was l)orn, reared and educated in Ireland, and was a young woman when she came tn .\merica. They now- have three children : k'rances anil Sadie, who are attending schocjl ; and .Xbbie, at In mie. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 291 ]VIr. lies gives his ix.ilitical support tn tlie Republican party, and is identitied with the Improved Order of Ived ]\Ien and the Knig'lits of Pythias fraternities, l-'or six vears he lias lieen a member of the Lincoln tire deijartnient and fonnerl_\- served as lieutenant. Religiously he is a member of the Presbyterian church, and gives liberally to the support of church work. As a pub- lic-spirited citizen be su])ports all enter- l)rises which he believes calculated to ad- vance the general welfare. He is a self- made man. wlio started nut in life a poor liM\- ;ind has h;id to overcome many ob- stacles, but is now on the highroad to suc- cess. TOHX W. S^HTH. J')hn W. .Smith, the well known editor and proprietor of the Lincoln Times, was born on the loth of January, 1857. in Clin- ton, JNIonroe county, Missouri, and is a son of Rev. J. D. and Emilv J- ( Chapman ) Smith. The former was a native of Vir- ginia, the latter of Kentucky. The parents were married in Missouri, where they still reside, the father being still active in the ministry of the ]\Iissi(jnary Baptist church there. Thev are most estimable people. The subject of this sketch was educated in -the public schools of his native state and by private instruction. After living in Cran\'ille, Missouri, for a time, he removed to Salisbur\-, that state, where he was en- gaged in business, and later conducted a ■clothing store at Paris, Missouri, where he served as mayor of the city, and as a mem- ber of the city council a number of years. In the spring of 1896 he came to Lincoln, Illinois, and purchased the Lincoln Times, which is the oklest paper published in Lo- gan county and has a large circulation in Lincoln and the surrounding country. It is a six column, eight page weekl\-, printed by electric jjower, and is a bright, newsy sheet, ably edited. On the 30th of November, 1879, ]\Ir. Smith was united in marriage with Miss Allie C. Kip])er, of (jran\-ille, Missouri, a daughter of j. C. Kipper, and to them has been born four children; Roger L., who is now assiting his father in the office : Mar- shall Rex, who is attending school; Irma .Sibyl, at home; and Xadine, the first born, w h(i died in infancw Jn his political proclivities Mr. Smith is a stalwart supporter of the Democratic party and its principles, and both personally and in his editorial utterances he has wield- ed a potent influence in furthering the inter- est of its cause. He enjoys a wide ac- quaintance and marked popularity in the. city of his adoption, and is prijminent Ijoth in business and social circles. Fraternally he is a member of Lincoln Lodge, Xo. 210, A. F. & A. M., and of Paris Lodge, Xo. 19, I. O. O. F., while religiously both he and his wife have been members of the Christian church for manv )'ears. Mr. Smith is a fine nnisician, ha\-ing been thor- oughly educated by the loest vocalists of his nati\'e state, and for a number of vears was leader of one of the best choirs in Missouri, at Paris. He was also leader of the Chris- tian church choir at Linc(]ln until his health failed. KLAAS ]\IA.MMEX. Klaas Mamnien, one of the prosjierous farmers of Prairie Creek township, Logan county, owning one hundred and sixty acres of fine farming land, has resided in this 292 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. county since June lo, 1867. He was born in Germany, May i, 1844. his parents being Christ and Annie ]\Iammen, who always lived in Germany where the father Avas a general farmer. His death occurred in 1853, while the mother died about 1887. Their children were as follows : John, who now lives in Prairie Creek township ; Halka, widow of Harm Hildebrant and a resiilent of Prairie Creek township ; Klaas. our sub- ject ; Adam, who resides in Germany ; and George, who died at tlie age of fourteen. All received their education in Germany. In 1867 our subject came to this country and located in Prairie Creek township, Logan count\', llHnois. where he W(.irked upon a farm for two years, and then settled on his present farm on section 15. Here he has a verv well improved farm, which he has earned by. his own hard work. As he had nothing when he commenced life for himself, naturally the struggle was a diffi- cult one. but his success proves that e\-ery- thing is possible to the man \\ho is honest, thrifty and hard working. Mr. ^Nlammen was married to Marx- Mueller, of Gernianw with wlinni he had been accpiainted before coming to America. She was a daughter of John Mueller, who died in Germany. Six children have l)een born to our suljject and his wife, namely: Christ, who married Linn Haydeu and li\es in Tazewell countv. Illinois: John, who mar- ried Tina Cronehagen and lives in Einden. this county, where he is engaged in hand- ling agricultural implements ; Emma, whrj married Hank Mueller, and lives in Orvil township: Andrew, at home: M;iggie. wlio is the wife of Harm Samper and li\-es in Orvil township ; and Klaas, who is at home. In politics Mr. Mammen is a Repub- lican and has always supported the principles of that party. P)()th he and his wife are earnest members of the Methodist church of San Jose, Illinois. Prior to coming to this country, Mr. Alammen served for two years in the German army and left his na- ti\e land the year following his honorable discharge, in 1867. Throughout the en- tire community he is highlv esteemed and his opinions are given due weight among his neighbors who rely upon his good judg- ment and excellent business knowledge as well as upon his honesty of purpose and fairness in dealing'. ROBERT GILCHRIST. One of the venerable and honored citi- zens of Lincoln is R()l>ert Gilchrist, who for many years was identified with agricul- tural interests in Logan countv. but for more than two decades has lived retired in the city where he now makes his home. He is enjoying a well earned rest, which has come to him as the reward of earnest labor in former years, for he came to .Vmerica in limited financial circumstances and bA' his industry and enterprise has achiexed prosperity. Mr. (iilchrist is a native of Scotland, his birth ha\ing occurred in New Gallowav. on the 9th of March, 1819. his parents being ^\'illiam and Jane (Clark) Gilchrist, who were als(.i nati\-es of the land of hills and heather. The father was a shoemaker by trade and followed that pursuit in order to pnix'ide for his wife and children. Lender the paternal roof our suljject spent the days of his boyhood and in the public schools he accpiired a good education, continuing his studies until fifteen years of age, when he entered u])on his business career as an ap-' ])rentice to the carpenter's trade, which he THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 293 followed for about six years in the place of liis nativity. Hearing favorable reports of the opportunities afforded voung men in the new world he determined to trv his for- tune in "the land of the free," and in 1843 sailed with his bride for the harbor of Xew York. From the metropolis he proceeded to Bristol, Rhode Island, and thence went to Fall River, Massachusetts, where he was engaged in pattern making in a cotton fac- tory for fourteen \ears, but the Alississijipi \alley attracted him and in 1857 he came with his famiiv to Illinois. ^Ir. Gilchirst located in Logan county and secured (jue hundred and sixtv acres of land in Eminence townshij), where he began farming and stock-raising. As his financial resources increased he ailded to his pro])ertv until the home farm comp(ised fi\-e hundred acres, and he also had three hundred and twenty acres elsewhere, but the latter tract he has since sold. He still owns the h\e hundred acres, however, and the rental from the property returns to him a good income. He continued to engage in the cultivation of the fields and the raising of grain for many years, and prosperity attended his la- bors. At length he had acquired sufficient capital to enable him to li\e a retired life and in January. 1880. lie removed from the farm tc* Lincoln, A\here he has since resided, enjoying a well earned rest. Just prior to his emigration to America Mr. Gilchrist was married to Miss Eliza- beth Bennett, a daughter of Robert and Ann. (Johnson) Bennett, of the parish of Bal- magee. Scdtland. Their wedding was cele- brated on the 22d of February, 1S43, ^"'l fin the 26th of May of the same vear thev arrived in the United States. ]\Irs. Gilchrist died October j, 1898. She has been to her husband a faithful companion and helpmate on the journey of life, was a devoted mother and a consistent member of the Cumberland l'resb}-terian church. In the family are fi\e children: William K,, who is serving as justice of the jjeace in Lincoln: Marv .Vnn. the wife of Samuel Niswan- ger. of Chicago: Jane E.. who married James Gallagher, who is a teacher in the deaf schools of Chicago; John J., of Lin- coln ; and ^Margaret, widow of Thomas Mor- rison. While residing in I-Ieminence township Air. Gilchrist served as road commissioner for si.x years and for twelve years was a member of the school board. He was one of the trustees of Lincdln Lni\-ersity, ha\-- ing served in that position for about ten }ears. his last term expiring in June, 1901. In ])olitics he is a stalwart Republican and in religicjus faith is a Cumberland Pres- In-terian, of which church he has been a deacon many years, and his life is in har- mony with his profession, his action shaped by his Christian belief. He has almost reached the eighty-second milestone on his life's journey, and his has been an acti\-e and useful career, colored by honest pur- pose, so that he can look back over the past without regret and forward to the future without fear. ANILLIAM B. STROUD, Sr. Prominent among the successful farm- ers and leading- citizens of Eminence town- shi]) is numljered William B. Stroud, Sr.. will I fur a quarter of a century was acti\'ely identified with the agricultural interests of this locality, but is now a resident of Arm- ington. Tazewell county. He was born in Iowa. May 3. 1853, and is one of a family of seven children, whose parents were WW- 294 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. iam P>. and ^lartlia (Brooks) Stmud. Tlie father was born, reared and educated in Tennessee, and at an early day came to lili- nois with his parents, T'eter and Rebecca Stroud, the journey being matle in a twn- wheel cart. For some years he followed farming- in Eminence township, Logan county, but spent his last years in hjwa, where he died, the }-ear our subject was born. His wife long survi\ed him, passing awav in 1889. A more extended mention is made of the Stroud faniil_\- in the sketch of \\'illiani Stmud, Jr.. on another page of this work. The early life of our suljject was sijcnt in his nati\-e state, and on coming to Illi- nois he made his home in INIcLean county for a time, but since 1876 he has been a resi- dent of Logan county, owning and operat- ing a well inipro\ed and highly cultivated farm of one huiulerd and twenty acres on section ,^, Eminence township. The well tilled fields and thrifty appearance of the place testify to his careful supervision and show conchisi\-ely that he is a man of good business ability and sound judgment. On October 15, i()oi, 'Mr. Stroud, in company with C. W. Cruse, bought the hardware and implement business of W. H. Da\idson at Armington. As a companion and helpmate on life's journe\' Mr. Stroud chose Aliss ]\[ary C. Mountjoy. a daughter of \\"illiam Mount- joy, who is a successful farmer and a rep- resentati\e of one of Logan county's best families. .\ sketch of the family will be found elsewhere in this volume. The\- were married Feljruary 6, 1876, and ti\-e chiklren blessed their union, those li\-ing lieing Ella E., Cassie C. and Hattie F. Air. Stroud \-otes the rrohibition ticket and is a stanch su]i])i:irter of the principles of that ])art\', being a strong temperance man. Soci;dl\- he is a member of the In- dependent Order oi Odd Fellows and the Abidern W'ooodmen of America, and religi- ousK' l)oth he and his wife are de\'out mem- bers of the Christian church. They receive and merit the high regard of the entire com- munity, antl those who know them best are numliered among their warmest friends. BEX'JAAIIX HUBBARD BRAIXARD. Prominent among the lousiness men of Lincoln in early days was Benjamin Hub- bard Brainard. wln) passed away I\Ia_\' 31, i8qi. He was born Alay 30, 1838, in Charleston, South Carolina, of which place his father. Rev. Eleazer Brain- ard, was a city missionary. His mother, who bore the maiden name of Lucinda Reed, • was a natixe of Boston, ^Massachusetts, and ' a most estimable lady, ^^"hen our subject was young the family removed to Ohio, and ! he received his primary education in the , schools of that state, later attending Farmers College, Ohio, and the IMianii L'ni\'ersity, j at Oxford. Tims well equipped fi.u" a business career, ]\Ir. Brainard came west to Logan county, Illin(_)is. in 1857, and in partnership with ^^'illiam AF. Duston opening the first bank in Lincoln, it Ijeing known as the Banking House of Brainard & Duston. They con- tinued to carry on the bank until Mr. Brain- ard's retirement from business. He was one of the organizers of the First Xational Bank and one of its largest stockholders. He was also interested in a number of busi- ness enterprises and industries, including the Hodgens Woolen Mills of Lincoln. He was a man of keen perception, great sagacity and luibounded enterprise, and t(> these character- BENJAMIN HUBBARD BRAINARD. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. .297 istics may be attributed his excellent success. In business affairs he was energetic, promj^t and nctabl}' reliable, and carried forward to successful completion wbate\er be under- took. On the 13th of January, 1857, Mr. Brain- ard \\as united in marriage with Miss Ella ^V. Owsley, a native of Kentucky and a daughter of Henry Hawkins and Mary ( Finley ) Owsley. The onl_\- child born of this iniion was a son who died in infancy. Mrs. Brainard was educated at Jacksonville Academy. Tackson\-ille. Illinois. She and her husliand began their married life upon a farm of three hundred and twenty acres of land adjoining the city limits of Lincoln, A\hich is now within the corporation, and here she still continues to reside. The place was all wild prairie land when it came into possession of Mr. Brainard, but he soun ])laced it under cultivation and con\-erted it into a \-aluable tract. He had unbounded faith in the futiu'e develojiment of Lincoln, and displayed remarkable foresight and sa- gacity in the purchase of this farm. He had eight farms in the A'icinity of Lincoln, and Avas also interested in western lands, owning two thousand acres in Xebraska. After his Avidiiw had recei\'ed her portion of this prop- erty the remainder was divided among the Brainard heirs. Since her husband's death Mrs. Brainard has continued to occupy the homestead, and has remodeled the residence, which stands on a beautiful elevation, mak- ing it a most attractive spot in the land- scajoe. Mr. Brainard was a strictlv business man, and was always to be found in his ofifice during office hours, but he was also domestic in his tastes, and during- his leisure hours found the greatest enjoyment with his fam- ily at home. His fellow citizens having in him the utmost confidence, often called upon him tO' make investments for them, and a trust rejjosed in him was never misplaced. He was a man of decided views and convic- tions, and in politics was a pronounced Re- publican. Religiously l\Ir. Brainard was a devout member of the First Presbyterian church of Lincoln, and tO' its support he con- triliuted liberally. He led an upright, hon- orable and useful life, and in his death the communit}- realized that it had lost a valued citizen. His widow in her pleasant home in Lincoln is surrounded by a host of warm friends, who have for herself and husband a most genuine regard. FRANK R. YOUXGBERG. A successful and highly esteemed farmer of Chester township is Frank R. Young- berg, \\ho has been one of its estimalile resi- dents since 1889. The birth of Mr. Young- berg occurred in Havana, the county seat of Mason ciiunty, Illin(3is, February 10, 1862, and he is the son of John and Eliza- beth Youngberg, both of whcnn died in I\Ia- son countv in 1873 or '74, when about fift_\'- five }-ears of age. Thev were natives of Sweden, where thev married, coming to America about 1856. Here Mr. Youngberg was a farmer, renting land, and carrying on a general line of farming. The ])arents of our subject reared a family of seven chil- dren, while two died in infancy, the others being: John P., who lives near Blunt, South Dakota; Victor, who lives in Harper county, Kansas: Stephen A., who lives in Swift county, Minnesota: Frank R., who is our subject; Tillie, who Ii\-es in Dakota; C. Oscar, who is a farmer in Indian Ter- ritory ; and Albert, who is a farmer and lives near Blunt, South Dakota. The chil- 298 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. dren were educated in tlie cumniun scliools ert Latham, and took part in a number of skirmishes, but was mainly engaged in garrison duty. When his three years of enlistment expired he was honorably discharged in Septemljer, 1865, and returned home, to take up the more quiet pursuits of farm life. On October 18, 1866, Mr. Tomlinson led the marriage altar Miss Lucy C. Wilson, wiio was ]yjTn in Galena, Illinois, March 6. 1849, ^ daughter of Hiram and Caroline Wilson, who were old settlers in this county. Hiram Wilson was born in Ohio and married Miss , Caroline Reed at Muscatine. Iowa. She was born in BufYalo. Xew York. They re- mained in Iowa for a few years and came to Mt. Pulaski from Galena. Illinois. Later they moved to Lincoln, where the father died and where her mother still lives. Four children Ijless the union of Mr. and Mrs. Tomlinson. namely: Araminta M., "ow the wife of William Smith, a resident : Indianapolis. Indiana ; George A., who lives on the old homestead farm : Walter A., who resides in the vicinity of Mt. Pu- laski : and John M., at home. After his marriage Mr. Tomlinson took up his residence in Laenna township, this county, where he purchased eighty acres of land, and engaged in farming and stock- raising with marked success for several years. As he prospered in his affairs and his financial resources increased he kept adding to his landed pos.sessions until he had two hundred and ninety acres under a high state of cultivation and well improved. Renting his farm in 1891, he removed to Mt. Pulaski, where he owns a nice home. and here, surrounded by all the comforts which makes life worth the living, he is now living retired. In his political views Mr. Tomlinson is a Republican, but he is not an aspirant for ofifice, although he served as school director for twenty years. His residence in this county, covering almost sixty years, has numbered him among its vidued citizens who have been devoted to the public welfare. He has manifested the same loyalty in the days of jjeace as in time of war, and all who know him have f'-r him the highest regard. JAMES McLELLAX. Among the prominent and energetic ag- riculturists of Eminence township. Logan county, the subject of this sketch occupied a prominent pl^ace. He was lx)rn in Scot- land. June 6, 1830, and was one of the twelve children b of Farmer City, DeWitt county, Illinois, a daughter of J. J. Haas, a hardware mer- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ?oi chant of that town. They now have two children — Doroth\-, [Maude and Edwin. Mrs. Taylor is a member of the Methodist Epis- co])al church of Hartsburg and is a most es- timaljle lady, who shares with her husljand the warm regard of many friends. He ex- ercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the Republican part}- and is now serving as township treas- urer of the school funds of Orvil township. Socially he is identified with the Modern \\'oodnien of America, Ijelonging to the camp in Hartsburg, and is a memlier of the Knights of Pythias Lodge at Emden. He is a voung man, possessed of res(jlute purpose and laudable ambition and therefore one ma\' jjredict for him a successful fu- ture. WlLLP'vM ARMSTROXG. For many years this gentleman has been an honored resident of Beason, w here he is now so successfully engaged in the stijck business. Throughout his career of con- tinued and far-reaching usefulness his duties ha\e been iierformed with the great- i.->t care, and business interests ha\-e been so managed as to win him the confidence of the i)ul)lic and the prosperity which sIkjuUI al\\ avs attend honorable effort. ■Mr. Armstrong was born in Ireland, in October, 1836, and is one of a family of seven children whose parents were James and Sarah (Johnson) Armstrong. Thev s]:)ent their entire lives on the Emerald Isle, where the father died in 1S54 and the uKithcr in 1888. Our subject's paternal grandfather was Hugh Armstrong-. The grandmother came to the L'nited States in 1838 and settled in Ohio. On reaching man"s estate our subject was desirous of tr\-ing his fortune in the new world, l.)elie\dng that here better oppor- tunities were afforded ambitious _\oung men than in his native land. Accordingly he bade good-by to home and friends, and, with his uncle, William Johnson, he came to America in 1857. '^^''^ vessel on which he sailed landed him safely in New Orleans, and from there he came up the Mississippi ri\-er to Pike count\-, lllin(.)is, i,\here he had relatives living, and on whose farm of one hundre(l and sixty acres he commenced work, the com])ensation received by him for his ser\ices Ijeing thirteen dollars per month. He had previously become thoroughly familiar with agricultural pursuits while working imder the direction of his father upon the home farm. In 1858 Air. Armstrong came to Beason, where he worked for others and also en- gaged in dealing in grain until the spring of i860, when he and his Iirother Andrew- purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land near that village and engaged the serv- ices of his three remaining brothers to op- erate it. This venture pro\-ed cjuite profit- al)le. From 1874 until 1893 our subject dealt quite extensively in grain and li\-e stock, but in the latter year disposed of the former business. He still buys and sells live stock, however, and is considered an excellent judge of the same. During all these years he has continued his farming- operations, and has met with good success in all his undertakings, having become one lA the well-to-diT citizens of his CLimmunitv. Mr. .Vrmstrong was married to Miss Xannie Kerney, a daughter of Benjamin L. and America (Reed) Kerney, both of whom were nati\-es oi Tenneesee. Two children blessed this union: William R., who was l)orn June 20, igoo, and is still living; and Ivy, who was born August 9, 1 89 1, and died Octojjer 2, 1900. 302 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Tliere is probably no man in Logan C(nint\- will I is wider or more fax'oraljly known than Mr, Arnistrnng', whn is famil- iarly called Uncle Billy by his many friends. He has ne\^er songht pulilicity. but his fel- low citizens, recognizing his worth antl abil- ity. ha\'ing called upon him to till several public positions of honor and trust. He was once tendered the office of county treas- urer, but declined to accept, preferring to give his attention to his business interests and his leisure moments to his home. lit his political affiliations he is a Republican, and in religious belief both he and his wife are Methodists. He belongs to that class of men whom the world terms self-made, for, coming to this country empty-handed, he has conquered all obstacles in the ])ath to success, and has not only secured for him- self a handsome competence, but by iiis ef- forts has materially advanced the interests of the community with which he is asso- ciated. He commands the res])ect and ccjn- tidence of all with whom he comes in con- tact, and ranks among' the leading citizens of his locality. SAMUEL W. DOWXTXG. Samuel W. Downing, an honored and highly respected citizen of Mt. Pulaski, Illi- nois, was born on the 24th of March, 1833. in Pike county, Ohio, which was also the birthplace of his parents, Samuel and Mary (Mathews) Downing, the former born in 1806, the latter in i8og. His paternal grandparents were George and \\'innie Downing, who were originally from Mary- land and were among the first- settlers of Pike county, Ohio. Our subject was reared in his native county and educated in its pub- lic sc1kx)Is. In 1845 'i*^ came with his par- ents to Logan county, Illinois, and settled in Chester townshi[), where the father im- pro\ed a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, making his home there until his death, which occurred in 1865. Politically he was a stalwart Democrat, and religiously was a faithful and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which his wife also belonged. She passed away in 1846. In the family of tiiis worthy couple were eight children, five sons and three daugh- ters, namely: Cieorge and 'riu)mas, Ijoth deceased: Samuel W., our subject: William and John, both deceased: Sarah, wife of Jose]ih Culp and a resident of Kansas : Mary J., widow of John Reece and a resident of (_)xford, Kansas: and Elizabeth, who died in infancy. During his minority oUr subject ga\'e his father the Ijenefit of his labors in carry- ing on the home farm. In 1867 he married ]\Iiss Elizabeth Downing, of Logan county, a daughter of Roliert and Jane ( Morrow) Downing. Tliough of the same name, she was no relative of his. Unto them were born eight children, as follows : IMattie M., deceased: Adelia. wife of \\'illiam Laugh- ery, of Mt. Pulaski: Margaret E., wife of I-'rank Eletcher, of Chester township ; Wes- ley, a farmer of Sangamon county: Henry, ' who is now operating the olil home farm: George L., a farmer of P)roa(lwell township: Ora L., at home: and John T., who is now clerking in Danner's clothing store at Mt. Pulaski. The wife and mother died in 1888, lea\'ing" man\' frientls as well as her immediate famih' to mourn her loss. Mr. and Mrs. Downing began their mar- ried life upon his father's farm, and he pur- chased the interests of the other heirs in that ])lace. In his farming operations he met THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 303 witli excellent success, and in course of time accjuired a fine estate, having two hundred and sixty acres of land in Chester and Mt. Pulaski townships, besides one hundred and sixty acres near Broadwell. In 1892 he re- tired from active labor and removed to the \illage of Mt. Pulaski, where he has since made his home. He now rents his farms but sees that they are kept in first-class con- dition. In early life Mr. Downing always affil- iated with the Democratic party, but for the ])ast ten years has voted the Prohibition ticket, as he is a strong temperance man and bejieves that the principles of that party are better calculated to advance the best in- terests of the country. For over half a cen- tury he has now made his home in Logan county, and he is widely and favorably known as an upright, honorable man. Mr. and Mrs. Downing are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he has served as steward. THO-MAS L. BLACKBURX. Thomas L. Blackburn, general agent for the Indiana Bridge Company, residing in Lincoln, is one of Logan county's native sons, his birth having occurred on a farm in Broadwell township, April 13, 1861. His parents were William and IVIargaret (Gar- rett ) Blackburn. The father was born in Ireland, and when a young man came to the United States. After spending some time in Ohio he came to Illinois, locating first in Springfield. In 1856 he removed to Logan county and settled in Broadwell township, where he engaged in general farming. He also engaged in contracting f Xew Holland, to which he came January 15, 1890, his services are in demand throughnut the surrounding country, and he numbers his patients from one end to the other of Logan county. j\s a reward for his industry he has to show the finest residence in X"ew Holland, which is also artistically and ele- gantly furnished and replete with all modern coaiveniences, built at a cost of five th erty, including the building in which he con- ducts a drug- store in partnership with J. E. .Shear}-. His store is valued at five thousand dollars. In addition he is the possessor of a well-tilled farm of one hundred and sixty acres in the vicinity of Holland, which is valued at fifteen thousand dollars. A Repub- lican in politics, he has never sought official DR. B. F. STULTZ. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. recognition, for. witli the enthusiasm of the true physician of men, liis labors liave all been in the direction of broadening his km i\v- ledge of a truly great profession. The Stults family after emigrating to America l)ecame identified with Pennsylva- nia, and in the Quaker state the grandfather, • George Stults, was born, and carried on farming interests until his death. Of the parents of Dr. Stults, Jacob and Lydia A. (Turner) .Stults, the fnrnier was liorn in Fairfield county, Ohio, where he received a good education, and where for many years he engaged in farming. He eventually came tcT Illinciis, l(!cating in Cumberland count}", where he farmed on an extensive scale until 1868, when he removed to Piatt comity, where his death occurred in Octn[)er, 1879, his wife sur\i\ing him until 1885. Benjamin E. Stults was born in Eairfield county, Ohio, January 27, 1855, and re- cei\-e(l a cr:mnic">n-scho(il education in the Buckeye state, supplemented by attendance at the iiormal school at Normal, Illinois. To meet the expenses attached to attenxling the normal school he himself engaged in teaching, and after graduation became the lrothers were soldiers of the Revolutionary war, one taking part in the engagement at Vorktown and another \\as killed at Valley Forge. Dr. Sargent seemed to have inherited his father's literary taste and his mother's energy. After recei\-ing a limited common school education at home he completed the scientific course at Ohio Liniversity, in Athens, Ohio. His early life was largely influenced by surrounding circumstances. He was fond of fishing, hunting, horse- racing, wrestling and jumping, and hailed with delight the approach of the stage- coach, heralded by the blast from the long tin horn and the sharp crack of the driver's whip. His mind was directed to the study of medicine by a natural inclination and by obser\-ing the uni\-ersal respect paid physi- cians. He was graduated at the Cincinnati College of Medicine, and also took a course at the University Medical College. New York, during the sessions of 1 858-9. In September, 1851, Dr. Sargent came to Illinois, and first located in Coles county, where he soon succeeded in building up a good practice, but after two years' residence there he. like many others, was dri\-en away by the ague. On leaving the state he was fully determined never to return, but after regaining his health, while on board an Ohio river steamer, he fell into conversation with a gentleman from Logan county, who, learning his profession, urged him to locate here, stating that it oiYered fine inducements to a competent young physician. A year later Dr. Sargent took his advice and came to this county, in 1854, and was engaged in practice at Alt. Pulaski until i860, when he remo\ed to Lincoln, following his chosen l)rofession at this place with marked success for almost a third of a centur}-. In 1892 he went to Wichita. Kansas, where he lived retired until his death, which occurred Feb- ruary 2, 1898. On the I2th of Alay, 1856, Dr. Sargent was united in marriage with Miss Rebecca Millar, who was born in Pike county, Ohio, in 1 832, and was a daughter of Cornelius Elton and Nancy (James ) Alillar. Her fa- ther, who was a classical scholar, removed 3>o THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. from \'ir,()\. She acts as her father's housekeeper ami is also engaged in dressmaking in H.artsburg. Xot long after bis marriage Mr. Longan abandoned farming in Lycoming count}' and removed to Logan county, Illinois, settling on a farm near llarlsburg, where he con- tinued to engage in the tilling of the soil and tlie im])rovement of his projierty until 187J. He then embarketl in the grain business in Hartsburg, representing .\. W. Raw of Delavan, and for ten or twelve years he con- tinued to buy and sell grain at this place. At tlie same time be acted as agent for the L nited States l--.\press Com])aiiv at Harts- biu'g. When he retired from the grain trade he rested from business activity for about three years, when, in 1890, he estab- lished a general mercantile store, in which be carries a large and well-selected stock of dry goods, groceries, hardware, tinware, luitions and other goods usually foiuid in an establishment of this character. He enjoys a liberal patronage, is sxstematic and methodical in his business habits, and liy his lionest}- and earnest desire to please he has gained a large tratle. In connection with his store he owns a pleasant residence at the north end of Main street. Mr. Longan exercises his right of fran- chise in support of the men and measures of the Republican party, and for four terms has ser\ed as collector oi Orvil township, lie belongs-to the .\ncient Order of United \\ iirkmen. and his daughter is a member of the Catholic church. Throughout bis business career be has Ijorne an unassailalile re|)utation. ;md no one is more worthy of mention among the representative citizens of Logan count\- than Tames X. Longan. D.Wll) GILCHRIST. David (iilchrist is living retiretl in Lin- coln, having through vears of active and honorable labor acijuiretl the capital that now enables him to put aside business cares and yet enji <\ the comforts which go to make life worth the living. His is an honorable old age, in which he receives the \eneration and respect of yoinig and old. rich and poor, for iiis career has lieen characterized by tidelity to duty and to principle, Mr. Gilchrist is one of the worthy citizens that Scotland has furnished to Logan coun- D. GILCHRIST. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 317 ty, liis l)irtli lia\-ing- occurred in Kirkciul- briglitshire, on tlie Jist of December, 1815. His ])arents, William and Jane (Clark) Gil- christ, were alsoi natives of that land, and the father was a shoemaker by trade. The com- mon schools near his home aff(3rded our sub- ject his educational privileges, and under the parental roof he remained until his majority, when he started out upon his business career, being employed by a neighljoring farmer until the spring of 1842. Attracted by the j)ossil)ilities of the new world, he then crossed the briny deep, and after landing at Xew ^'| irk made his way to Bristol county, Rhode island, where he again secured em- ployment on a farm, remaining in that state for three years. On the expiration of that period Mr. Gilchrist came toi Illinois, and since 1845 has been a resident of Logan county. He se- cured a claim of eighty acres, for which he ])aid one hundred and fifty-two dollars, and in true pioneer style he began life in the Avest. The homes of the settlers were widely .scattered, but hospitality reigned supreme, and many pleasures were enjoyed that are not known at the present day. There were also many hardships to be borne in develop- ing a new farm, but with genuine Scotch thrift and commendable enterprise Mr. Gil- christ continued his work, and his labors re- sulted in (lex'eloping a splendid propert}'. As the years passed his labors and euergy brought to him a good financial reward, and he made iudicious investments in lancl uiUil he is now the owner of fif- teen hundred acres — the material evidence of his business activity. He made a specialtv of the raising of cattle and hogs, which he fattened for the market and sold at a good price. He also had extensi\-e corn and A\heat fields and his production in thoise lines Avas large. His farming o]>eratioins in the course of time became ver}- extensive and profitable, and with a \-ery handsome com- petence he retired to his pleasant home in Lincoln and put aside the arduous duties of the farm. Mr. Gilchrist has been twice married. He first wedded Helen McMath, in June, 1839. She died in Orvil township, in No- \ember, 1858, leaving seven children: William, a resident of Nebraska; James, of Or\il township; Margaret, the wife of Henry C. Johnson, of Ford countv, Illi- nois; Mary, the wife of Benjanun Geddis, of Eminence township; David J., who is also living in the same township; Robert, of Nebraska; and Helen, the wife of V. A. Ellis, of Nebraska. Helen AIcMillan, a twin of Robert, died November 7, 1852, at the age of fifteen months, and William died in infancy. For his second wife ]\lr. Gil- christ chose Mrs. Mary Marr, the widow of Edward Marr. He was a native of Scotland, and came to America in i860, his death occurring in 1863. Mrs. Qilchrist was born in Roxburyshire, Scotland, Feb- ruary 12, 1829, and by her first marriage she had six children, four of whom are liv- ing: John E., of \\'edington, Arkansas; William; T., of Fayetteville, .Arkansas; Mary Anna; and Edward T.. of Logan count}-; Timothy I', and Thomas Wallace, both of whom died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Gilchrist have had four children — ■ LifTey Adelia, who died February 19, 1886, at the age of twenty y^ars and six months; and Joseph Abrahaiu Lincoln Gilchrist, of Lincoln; and two who died in infanc\'. ^\'hile residing in Or\-il township Mr. (iilchrist served for se\'eral terms as trus- tee and was also a member of the school boaixk In January, 1881, he rented His farm and removed to Lincoln, where he now has a very pleasant home. He has 3'8 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. been tlie architect of his own fortunes and has builded wisely and well, for, though he started out in life for himself empty-handed, he has steadily worked his way upward, and his resolute spirit and laudable ambition, resting upon untiring efifort, have brought to him most gratiifying and well-merited Ijrosperity. He had but one hundred and ten dollars when he arri\-e(I in Illinois, \\hich condition is in marked contrast to his present financial standing. In politics he is a Repul;)lican. and has e\"er been loyal to the best interests of his adopted land. In 1882 he went to Scotland, visiting the scenes of his boyhood, which he had not seen for forty years. Although he saw many familiar landmarks, there were also many changes wb^xh timei and man had wrought. At the age of eighty-six, he is now living quietly in Linciiln, l)ut is still hale and heartv, retaining his faculties un- impaired. He was reared in the estab- lished church of Scotlantl. but after coming to Illinois became a member of the Cum- berland Presbyterian church, in which he has served as ruling elder for a number of years. JOHX R. GRIXTER. John R. Grinter, deceased, was for many years actively identified with the agricultural interests of this county, and was a man of prominence in his community. A native of Kentucky, he was born in Logan county, that state, August 17, 1823, and was a son of Francis and Susan (Reed) Grinter, who were of old Virginian stock and were the parents of four children. Our subject received a good, practical education in the common schools of his na- tive state, and early acc]uired an excellent knowledge of agricultural pursuits, which he made his life work. Coming to Illinois, in 1 85 1, he purcliased a farm in ]\It. Hope, where he followed his chosen occupation until 1863, when he came to Atlanta, mak- ing this place his home throughout the re- mainder of his life. He bought a farm in Oran township, this county, and to its cul- tivation devoted his energies until cp.lled to his final rest February 5, 1897. At Jonesboro, Tennessee, October 19, 1849. ^I''- Grinter was united in marriage with Miss Sarah Young, who was born in that state, on the 22d of June, 1830. and was a daughter of Henry Young, also a native of Tennessee. By this union the following children were born : Francis H., a resident of St. Louis; Mary F.. now Airs. George Teal : Mrs, Imogene Clark, who is living with her mnther : John S. : and three de- ceased. Mr, Grinter (leser\-ed great credit for the success he achie\'ed in life, as at an early age he was compelled to seek his own live- lihood and aid in the support of the family. Being a great reader and a lover of books of Aaluable information, lie acquired an excel- lent knowledge of men and afYairs. and may be termed a self-educated as well as self- made man. He always made the most of his opportunities throughout life and became quite well-to-do. Xear the close of the ^Mexican \\ar he enlisted as second lieuten- ant in the Russellville (Tventucky) Light Guards, but was ne\'er called into active ser\'ice owing to the cessation of hostilities soon afterward. He was a great temper- ance worker and a strong Prohibitionist. Religiously he was a devout member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and was one of the chief instigators in the building THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 319 of the Lincoln L'niversity. He was a kind and devoted liusband and fatlier and was well liked by his fellow citizens, who seemed to appreciate his sterling worth and many excellences of character. His estimable wife still attends ti_) his farming- interests in Oran township, bnt Ii\es in Atlanta, where she owns a nice residence. Here she is spending;- Iier declining- years, surrounded by a larg-e circle of friends and accpiaintances, who hold her in hio-h ree-ard. DAXIEL L. BRAUCHER. For almost sixty years this gentleman has been identified with the interests of Lo- gan county, and is now efficiently serving as County surveyor, his honie being in Lin- coln. He was born in Pickawa}- county, Ohio, March i, 1833, and is a son of Isaac R. and Rachel ( Ludwig) Braucher, both of whom were of German descent. Our sub- ject's paternal grandfather, Conrad Braucii- er. was a native of Germanv, and 011 his emigration to America settled in Pennsyl- vania. The father was born in that state, October 8, 1800, and in early life removed to Pickaway county, Ohio, where he was united in marriage with Rachel Luchvig, who was born in 1810. and was a daughter of Daniel Ludwig. In 1835 they came to Illinois, and located on the Sangamon river near Springfield, wliere iNlr. Braucher pur- chased a steam sawmill, which be operated for soiue time, being a miller by trade. In 1842 he came to Logan county and settled on Salt creek, in Aetna township, ha\-ing prex'iouslv purchased a mill site there. He Ijuilt a sawmill and in 1848 completed the erection of a gristmill, which he successfully carried on for some time, but final 1\- sold this property and bought a farn-i, making it his home until his death, which occurred July 27, 1870. The mother of our sub- ject died May 6, 1848. Daniel L. Braucher, of this re\icw, was educated in the Liberal Instigate, now Lom- bard L^niversity, where be pursued a scien- tific course. On leaving school he returned home and devoted bis time and energies to farming. On the 15th of June, 1856, he was united in marriage with ]\Iiss Henrietta C. Hill, a daughter of Frederick and Salome (Fowler) Hill. By this union were born nine children: William B., of Danville, Illinois; Alma E., who was graduated in medicine and engaged in practice in Lincoln for some time, l)Ut ga\'e up her office to assist in the care of her brother's mother- less child; Arthur C. ; Edward R. ; Daniel L., now deceased; Ernest N., of Chica- go; Herbert H., who is a teacher in the Lincoln high school ; Ralph Waldo is now an inspector in the horticultural department of Ohio; and Stella May, deceased. After his marriage Air. Braucher locat- ed on section jg, Aetna township, and suc- cessfully engaged in the operation of a farm of two hundred acres, which he placed un- der a high state of culti\'ation and improved by tiling and erecting good buildings there- on. Laying aside all personal interests, Mr. Braucher entered the L^nion army during tlie Ci\'il war, enlisting in 1862 in Company D, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Volun- teer Infantry, under Colonel R. B. Latham. His regiment was assigned to the Army of the Tennessee, and did provost duty for a time at Jackson, Tennessee. Mr. Braucher took part in several engagements and skir- mishes, and was also in the siege of Vicks- burg until the surrender of that stronghold on Sunday. July 4, 1863. After the fall of Vicksl)urg he went A\ith his cnminand to 320 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Helena, .\rkansas, and from there to Little Rock and Pine Blnff. \\'hen hostilities ceased he was honorahly .lischarpfed June 12. 1865, and returned tn Lincnhi, his \\u"e having located here while he was at the front. In the fall nf iS(>^ Mr. i'.raucher was elected county surveyor on the Repuhlican ticket, and served in that capacity fmu" years tn the entire satisfaction uf his cim- stituents, Init declined further Imncirs alcmg" that line. He then turned his attention to the manufacture of a mill machine, known as the Little Giant Comhined Feeder. Smut- ter and Separator, and continued in th;it husiness until 1885, wdien the roller system was introduced, and he discontinued the manufacture of his machine. He had done an extensi\c husiness for some fifteen years. He then engaged in ci\'il engineering and surveying until the fall of iqoo. when he was elected county surveyor on the Democratic ticket. In 1S78 he was elected mayor of Lincoln on the (jreenl)ack ticket, and credit- ably filled that office one term. In jiolitics he is independent and in his present ca])acity as county surveyor has served the ])eo]5le longer than any other li\-ing citizen in this county. Socially he is a memlier of Alt. Pula.ski Lodge, No. Hj. A. F. ..K: A. }>1.. Imm which he dimitted soon after the war. He is one of Logan county's honored pioneers and representative citizens, and this \olume would he inc(jmplete without the record of his life. FREDERICK DITTUS. h'rcderick Dittus. a retired farmer re- siding in Mount Pulaski, is numbered among the earl\- settlers of Logan county, as he came to this section of the state among those who laid the foundation for its pros- perity and progress by 1)raying the hard- ships of ])ioneer life and thus o])ening the wa_\- to ci\-ilization. Throughout the long years of his residence here his career has been an n])riglit, h(_)norable one, gaining for him the un(piahfied confidence and regard of his fellow men. i\Ir. Dittus was born in \\'urteml;erg", Germany, Januar}- jS, 1831,. and is a son of John and Mary .\. (Rentsjnler) Dittus. Tlie former, a farmer by occupation, died in his nati\e land, and the motlier afterwards ~ became the wife of Erhardt Stoll. who in 1847 brought his wife and her children to tlie new world, crossing the Atlantic in a sailing yessel, which completed the yoyage in forty-se\en days. .Arriving in Xew "^'ork, they proceeded directl}- by steamlioat, canal and wagon to Springfield, Illinois, and in the spring of 1848 removed to Logan coun- ty', locating in Laenna towus'n]), where Mr. Stoll purchased eighty acres of land. He added to this place until he had two hun- dred acres at the time of his death, which occurred in i860. His wife sur\i\ed him and continued to make her home on the old farm until called to her final rest. Frederick ]3ittus is the oklest li\ing child of his mother's first marriage. He attended the common schools of Ciermany between the ag-es of six and fourteen years, and with the fannly he crossed the Atlantic in 1847. arriving in Logan county the fol- lowing year. Here he assisted in the culti- \'ation and imi>royement of the home farm until he w;is t\\ent\-six \ears of age. when he made prei)arations for a liome of his own by his marriage to Miss Sarah Hagenliuch, , a native of Pennsylvania and a daughter • of Amos and Sarah Hagenbuch. who were early settlers of Logan county, coming to this state from Pennsylvania in 1859. I THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 321 Alter liis marriage ^h'. Dittus pur- cliased eiglity acres of land in Chester town- ship and locating thereon hegan its improve- ment \\ ith characteristic energy. In course of time the entire amount was under a high state of cultivation and as the years passed and his financial resources increased he made numenL to his thrift antl enterprise in former years. His life record proves most conchisiyely that suc- cess is not a matter of genius, but the out- come I if earnest effort, carefull_\' directed by sound judgment and his example should ser\-e to stimulate and encourage others to press forward along the highway to pros- perit\". DOUGLAS C. SIMPSOX. One of the most pul)lic-spirited and pro- gressive citizens of Lincoln is Douglas C. .Simpson, ^vho is now so alih' rep- resenting the fifth ward in the city CDuncil. He was born in W'arren coun- ty. Ohio, August 20, i860, and is a son of Jeremiah Simpson, of wliom ex- tended mention is made in the sketch of John .\, Simpson, on another page of this volume. Our subject was only fotir years old when the family came to Lincoln, and in its public schools he received his literary education, while his business education has been self-acquired. After lea\ing school he entered the office of the Sentinel to learn the printer's trade, and worked two years on that paper and two years on the Weekl_\- Herald. On account of ill health he was at length obliged to give up that business, and then turned his attention to learning the trade of carriage painting, which he fuj- lowed for two years. He next worked for his father as a carpenter, ?nd it was not 322 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. long before he had thorouglily mastered that vocation, liecoming a very competent workman. He has liad the superintendency of all of the best work done by his brother, John A. Simpson, who is one of the leading- contractors and builders of Lincoln. Our subject has assisted in the erection of many of the largest buildings of the city, and has had charge of resetting the new plate-glass fronts in the stores his father built. Mr. Simpson was married in Lincoln, December 28, 1882, to Miss Hannah Belle Kern, who was born in Ohio, June 18, i860, and was educated in the public schools of Champaign. Her parents were \\'esle\' and Nancy (Shull) Kern, natives of Virginia and Pennsylvania, respectively. In 1872 Mr. Kern br(jught his family to Lincoln, Illi- nois, where he spent the remainder of his life. By trade he was also a carpenter, and was killed while at work on a building in 1892, at the age of sixty-seven years. His wife died in 1881, at the age of sixty. They liad nine children, of whom two sons and two daughters are now tleceased. Those living are Mrs. W. N. Sherman, Mrs. M. E. Lasher, Alonzo H. and Mrs. Sadie Strickler, all residents of Chicago ; and JNIrs. D. C. Simpson, wife of our suliject. ]Mr. and Mrs. Simpson have seven children : Harry C, John A., Jesse W., Nellie D., May L., Earl R. and Anna Margaret. Soon after his marriage ]Mr. Simpson purchased a nice home on North Hamilton street. In politics he is an ardent Republi- can, and has taken a \er\- acti\e part in party work, laboring untiringly to promote its interests. In the spring of 190 1 he was elected alderman of the fifth ward, and is now filling that office with credit to him- self and to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. He is a member of several important committees, such as streets and alleys, lights, printing, fire and water, public grounds and buildings, sanitary, sewer and drainage, and miscellaneous. He has taken an active interest in promoting all move- ments for the benefit of the city and has done his part in pushing them to completion. Mr. Simpson was one of a comnuttee who were instrumental in getting the two per cent, tax from the state for the benefit and support of ]niblic libraries. He is decidedly in favor of municipal ownership and agi- tates such questions very strongly. Frater- nally lie is a member of the Sons of Vet- erans, his father having served in the Civil war, and he is also a member of the local fire department and the Illinois State Fire- man's Association. This department has alwaxs been of great interest to him, and he does all within his power f(.ir its benefit. PETER SAXDEL. This well-known and successful farmer and stock dealer, residing on section 20, Chester township, is a native of Baden, Ger- many, born near Heidelberg, on the 29th of January, 1861. His parents, ^lichacl and Mary (Bock) Sandel, were born in the same place, the former in 1828, and the latter in 1833. ■ After acquiring a good common school education the father engaged in farm- ing" in his nati\-e land until 1880, when he came to the Lnited States, bringing with him his famil_\-. On landing in this country he proceeded at once to Illinois, his destina- tion being Logan county, where he has since made his home. Here he continued to fol- low farming until 1893, \\hen he removed to Lincoln, and having laid aside all business cares is now living a retired life, though he still enjoys good health. He is a member THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 323 of the Evangelical church nt Lincoln, and takes an. acti\e part in its work. In his faniih' were ele\en children, of whom five died in (iermany in early chitdhood, and one dieil in America, in 1880, at the age of six- teen years. Those still living are Henry, a baker of Brooklyn, New York; Peter, the subject of this sketch; Margaret, wife of Fred Julch, a farmer of Oklahoma: Philip, also a farmer of Oklahoma ; and George, a resident of Chester township, this county. They were all educated either in the public schools of German\- or this cotuitrv, and re- mained with tlieir parents, working on the home farm until they established homes of their own. Peter Sandel attended school in the fa- therland until fourteen years of age, but his English education has been self-accjuired since the emigration of the family to Amer- ica. He remained under the parental roof until twenty-live years of age, and was then married, September 6, 1886, to Miss Mary Leinweber, who was born in Germany, April 28, 1868, and was only a year old when brought by her parents to the new world, the family locating in Mason county, Illinois, where she was reared, educated and married. Her father is now deceased, but her mother is still living in Mason county, which is also the home of nine of her tweh'C children. Two of the family reside in Xe- l)raska. while Mrs. Sandel is the only one of the number living in Logan coiuitv. There were six children born to our subject and his wife, but two died in infancy. The others are Anna, Eniil, Hattie and Luella, all at home attending the district school ui the neighborhood. After his marriage ]\Ir. Sandel settled on a farm of two hundred acres in Sheridan township, near New Holland, and in 1894 came to Chester township, where he has since successfully engaged in general farm- ing on a tract of four hundred and seventy acres owned by F. C. W. Koehnle. He is also engaged in buying and selling cattle and in grain dealing. He has made all needed impro\-ements upon his place, and is regarded as one of the most systematic and thorough farmers of his community. Fraternally Iioth Mr. and ^Irs. Sandel are members of the Modern Federal Amer- ica Lodge, of Lincoln, and he carries an en- dowment insurance of four thousand dollars. Religiously he is a member of the E\-an- gelical church. Formerly he affiliated with the Democratic party, but now votes the Republican ticket, and he served as road commissioner in Sheridan township. He has never been an aspirant for office, but gives his personal attention to his farming interests and has thereby met with success. He is one of the leading men of his town- ship, and is held in high regard by all who know him. JAMES BURNS. James Burns, who is the operator of one of the largest farms in Broadwell township, and a useful citizen of Logan county, was born in Countv Limerick, Ireland, June 13, 1864, and is a son of Patrick and Margaret (Day) Burns. Patrick Burns was a native and resident of Ireland for a number of vears, coming to the L^nited States with his familv in September, 1864, when James was an infant. At that time he possessed but limited means, but by his industry and econ- omy he became the owner of a good farm in Elkhart township, which he rented, makinp- his home on the farm now occupied by James Burns, where he died July 10, 1891, at the age of fiftv-seven vears. His death 3^4 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. was imexj^eaed, as he "i"-" .. > !-*«» in in§f a large number of cattk and bo^s, . .v \-igorvH3S healih. His elides \\-ith has a nne farm of one hinHlreri ami sixtv our saabjec: ^ ^ acnes, parrly under ccdtivalkin. in xoester:: ne\-er ' \ - ^" " -^ " ■. - . • ■; j^anv, ^ ■ . . • . - - - ■ party, Sevtaal local offices were offered and actiw member of the Deniixxatic bim. bill he de: jerve in aj:- he has edtkie:- manv of ihe * dren bom t\> hin> and wife wen. - - being re-ekcu - the ensaii^ tw - Ca:" " ■ - ■"' - ' -^ . rjo% ^ ... ^. .,>.,. .... - ^. - - - .. ing^ v>»i a farm in Corwin t . James, the c v>n fee? an ' tl^e subject of this sfcetc " .is. a farmer salar\ ~ .irioM srhile in ■ . '^ ■ ■; of h:. ., tit - - - . , - While h«t an infant James Bums, the officials in the cvxmty, subiec: of this sketch, can>e : .. Mr, Bums is a3si> \vi:^- -- --;■-. - -; — ' -■— < ^— -; the . ^ . . . ~ district. Later he took an ekcti\-e cxHirse at of Foresters., UnciiJn Coor*. Xo. lOi i: Xotre l>an>e, 1 ^ \-ear, aixi then ,. , , .,..,.,... . .„...-, , father i, in Lijici'>3in, Mr. Bnnus is v«t\- we'" csnlier 5 ^ >uhieci was known thro«gh the coontv- and is Tmix^w- y WTs- .yatcd in her n*ti»-e cotmtry church, of which rfjey are liberal sa|ipi>ners, ami tiieie iiecame a teacher. In iSoi she ■ . . ~. HOX- L-WVREXCE R STRIXGER- iwesm-three x^ears had o»tx-«iea as a ^iest of Si. " - " - " ^ . " ' ., - - "-" ^ Thrxsf ... . .. V. ...... ........ - , -.-- ,^. . ...... Mrs.. BiJTOs. r. - F,. R S: .. . .r of the law aixl J«li.-». niTO of iv" ^ ., . , of LincoJn. and :^o ~ - . - - . - - - ^ . lije re^ aii- in xar - of Xew jer- wc^" • - - ^r^ ^ - _ - V"-- exu -..-,. ^. , ^ , , , , fanning^ anil stock raisii^. Utyii^ ami fifetl- ner diaracteristic of the ministry of tfiat de- ' I I L. B. STRINGER. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 327 nomination. In 1876 he went with liis par- ents to Beloit, \\'isconsin, residing there three years, and tlien going t<:) La Sahe cimn- ty, lUinois., His primary education, ac- quired in the pubHc schools, was supplement- ed by a course at Gitting's Seminary, a liter- aiy institution located at LaHarpe, Illinois, which he attended from 1879 until 1882, graduating in the latter }ear. During vaca- tions he was employed in the newspaper ofifices of the village, where he learned the trade of a practical printer. In 1884 he came to Lincoln and entered Linci An L'niver- sity, now the Lincoln College of the James ]\Iilliken University, and was graduated at that institution with the degree of A. B. in 1887. While in college he particularly inter- ested himself in oratorical work, winning the college oratorical contest o\"er five competi- tors in 1885, and again in 1886, and repre- senting Lincoln Lhii\-ersity at the Inter-Col- legiate State contest in 1886. After gradua- tion he was connected with the Lincoln Times in a journalistic cajjacity for several years. In 1894 he entered the Chicago Col- lege of Law, which is the law department of Lake Forest University, and on complet- ing the i)rescribed course was graduated in 189(1 and admitted tO' the bar in June of that same }-ear. The following year' he took a post-graduate course in the same institution, and was granted the degree of LL. B. He began the practice of his profession at Lin- coln in .\ugust, 1898, and in its prosecution lias met with excellent success. On the 1 8th of December, 1890, Mr. Stringer was united in marriage with Miss Helen Pegram, daughter of A\''iniam A. Pe- gram, oi Lincoln. Fraternally he is a mem- ber of the Knights of Pythias and the Im- proved Order of Red Men, and was for three years grand trustee of the grand lodge of Illinois, Knights of Pythias. 18 At an early age Mr. Stringer became in- terested in politics, making his first cam- paign speeches in 1884, when eighteen years of age, and he has stumped the state tmder the direction of the Democratic state com- mittee in every campaign since. He was nominated for state representative at Deca- tur in 1890 for the old ^Macon-Logan ciiunty district, and although the district had before been considered a Republi- can district, he was elected by a plur- alit_\- of twent_\--three hundred and ten. He was the youngest memlier of the thirty-seventh general assembly, and re- cei\ed a chairmanship of a committee — an hcjniir rarely ever accorded a first termer. He was chosen by caucus to second the nomination of General John M. Palmer for Lhiited States senator in the joint assem- bly, and was one of the famous "loi" who voted eight weeks to elect General Palmer ta that position. As a member of the committee oai lab( r in that body he took especial interest in measures introduced on behalf of organ- ized labor. More measures were passed at this session of the legislature in the interests of the coal miners of the state than at any jn-ex'ious session, and fur this • result the miners' organizations were not tardy in officially giving a large measure I if the credit therefor to Mr. Stringer. In the Chicago mavoraltv contest of i8c)i, upon the invitation of the citv Democratic com- mittee, he made a speaking campaign of two weeks in that city, and in the fall of the same }-ear accompanied General Palmer on a campaigning tour through the state of Iowa. He was renominated for rep- resentative b}' acclamation in 1892, was re- elected by a handsome majority in the same district, and became a member of the thirty- eighth general assembly. In this body he was made chairman of the committee on edu- 328 THE BIOGRAPHIC.\L RECORD. cation, and was the author of the hill whicli took tlie place of the well-known Edwards compulsory-education law. He also assisted in the preparation of the Australian ballot law which was passed at this session, in January, 1894, lie received an appointment under the Cleveland administration in the United States pension service, with head- quarters at Chicago. "In June, 1900, at Ha- \ ana, Illinois, he was nominated without op- position for state senator by the delegates from the four counties then comprising the thirty-secoaid district, namely, Logan, Ma- son, Menard and Cass counties. During the cjunpaign he did not confine his attention to his immediate district, but campaigned the state under the direction of the state com- mittee, accompanying \\'illiam J. llryan upon his special Illinois tour. Mr. Stringer was elected to the state senate by a plurality of twenty-two hundred and twenty-two. 'lyeing ii\-er two hundred votes greater than Mr. I5ryan's plurality in the district. He was selected by the joint Democratic caucus in the forty-second general assembly tO' formal- Iv present the name of Hon.- Samuel Alschul- er as the Democratic candidate for United States senator, the speech so nominating ^Ir. Alschuler being delivered in the state >enate January 22, 1901, and a full text of which was printed in the Chicago and St. Louis papers and circulated by the state com- mittee as a campaign document. 'Mr. Stringer was a member of all the leading committees of the forty-second general assembly, includ- ing the special committee on the revision of the ])ractice laws of the state, took an active part in legislation, and was the author ot sev- eral important measures which found their way to the statute books of the state. After the session he was apiwinted by the Demo- cratic committee as chairman of the sub-com- mittee to inquire into and pass upon the con- stitutionality of the new apportii niment act, witli a \iew to attacking it m the courts. HURLEY McCARREL. Hurle_\- McCarrel, deceased, was one of the leading and representative farmers of Logan count\'. He was born on the 28th I if July. ]826, in Allegany county. New York, and was a smi of John and Miranda ( Boardwell ) McCarrel, the former a native of Ireland, the latter of Pennsyhania. The Aj father died when our subject was only six years old. but the mother long survi\-ed him, (hiiig in Texas in 1888. ^Ir. McCarrel was educated in the pub- lic schools of his nati\'e state and when a mere lad worked in a dairy to assist in the su])pi.irt (if his widowed mother. In 1844 he came to Illinois, and after spending a short time in Lond count\' took up his residence in Logan county, where he continued to make his home throughout life. He aided in the early development and upbuilding of the count}-, and successfully engaged in farming until two years prior to his death, when he lived retired from acti\e lalior, en- joying a well-earned rest. In 1847 -Mr. McCarrel married ^liss Xancy Dyer, whci was born i.i Illinois, Sep- ' tember 29, 1826, and died January 18, 1893. Her parents were \\illiam and ^Margaret (Slatten) Dyer, the former of Irish and the latter of German descent. Her father came to this state from Kentucky, and her mother from l>nnessee. Of the ten children who were born to Mr. and ]Mrs. McCarrel, one, Tohn \\'., died in infancy. The others are ]\Iinerva; George; }*Iary Margaret, de- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 329 ceased ; Elizabeth : Daniel ; Hanan C. : Sarah A.; Henry I. and Ida I\Iay. The daughters, Misses Sarah A. and Ida ]N[ay. reside in a cozy little home in Atlanta, where they are surrounded liy a large circle of friends and acquaintances. They tenderly cherish the memory of their beloved parents and take great pride in preserving all matters pertaining to them. The family hold membership in the Christian church and Mr. McCarrel always took an active interest in its work. He was looked upon as one of the most upright and conscientious men of his comnnuiity and at his death his many friends realized that the county had lost a \'alued citizen. By his ballot he supported the men and meas- ures of the Republican party. Init he ne\-er cared for political honors. He served many }-ears as school director in his district, and always gave b.'s support to ail enterprises calculated to advance the educational, moral or social interests of his commnnitv. JEREMIAH PARKER. Jeremiah Parker, familiarlv known as Jerry by his man}- friends throughout Lo- gan county, is the senior member of the firm of Parker & Rudolph, painters and decorators of Lincoln. He was born in ^\'arren county. Ohio, on tiie 24th of March. 1855, and was only two years old when he came to Lincoln with his parents, Samuel and Elizabeth ( McMullen) Parker, who were nati\-es of Tennessee and Maryland, respectively. During his active business ca- reer the father followed blacksmithing. but spent his last vears in retirement from labor. He made his home with our subject after the latter's marriage, and died in Linc(jln in 1895, at the advanced age of nearly eighty-eight years. He long survived his wife, who died in 1858. She was twice married, her first husband being a Mr. Car- lock, by whom she had one daughter, now living, Elizabeth, wife of William G. Stark- ey, of Lincoln, who is one of the oldest set- tlers of the city. Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Parker, two of whom died in intanc}-. while Samuel died at Helena, Ar- kansas, during his ser\-ice in the Union ar- my ; and Thomas B., who \vas also a soldier of the Civil war, died in Lincoln, Illinois. Those of the familv still living are George \\'., who served his country as a member of Ce found that it has been gained along the lines of old and well tried business principles. Industrv, en- ergy, strong purpose and unquestioned hon- esty have formed the foundation of his pros- perit}- and made for him a record which is in e\er}- way worth v of enuilation. The Captain is a native of Ohio, his birth having occurred in Fairfield county, on the 22d of August. 1822, his parents being James and Xancy J. ( W'instead ) Vanhise. His paternal grandparents were Abraham and Christine ( Stenaliaugh ) Van- hise, the former a native of \'irginia. The maternal grandfather, Griffin W'instead. was also a native of Virginia, while his wife, Margaret W'instead, came from Germany to America when fourteen vears of age. The parents of our subject were both natives of the Old Dominion, whence they removed to Fairfield county. Ohici, in 18 10. The father served his country as a soldier in the war of 1812. In October. i8^6. he remo\ed with his wife to Logan cnuntx". Illinois, where they spent their remaining dax's, their home being in Mount Pulaski at the time they were called to their final rest, the father in i8f)(). the mnther in 1858. In the public schools of his native coun- ty Captain- \'anhise pursued his education, spending the winter months mastering the branches of English learning in such insti- tutions, while in the summer he assisted in the work of the home farm. He assisted in the cultixation of the fields on the old homestead until twenty-one years of age and then started out in life on his own account. He remained in Fairfield cnuntv, Ohio, until 1856, when he started with his famil_\- for Illinois, and on the 9th of October took up his abode in Logan countv, and in March, 1857, he located in Mount Pulaski, where he engaged in the mercantile business, in i8f)2 he responded to the country's call fnr volunteers to aid in crushing out the rebel- lion, becoming a member of Comi^any 1>. OneHundred and Sixth Illinois Infantry, of which he was commissioned captain, while Ciiloncl l\. I) .Latham commanded the regi- ment. The_\' i)roceeded to Jackson, Tenes- see, and jjarticipated in the operation of the army during the whole siege of \'icksburg, the capitulation giving an open waterway to the gulf. With his company Captain A'anhise afterward took part in the engage- ments at Helena, Little Rock and Pine BlutY, Arkansas, and was e\er found at his post of duty, faithfully defending the Union cause until July, 1865, when he was honorably discharged with the rank of major. ; Returning to Logan county ^lajor Van- hise engaged in merchandising at Mount Pulaski, for four years having' retained his interest in the business while in the arm}', and then turned his attentimi to the nianu- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 333 facture of drain tile, establi.shing a factory in which he made tile, from three tcT tweh-e inches in diameter. For fifteen years he was in that line of business and met with excel- lent sticcess in his undertakings, nwing to the fine product which he turned out and his relialjility in all trade transactions. He con- ducted one of the largest factories in this ])art of the state. Eight days after .selling that business he assisted in the organization of the First Xatinnal Bank, which was es- talilished with a capital stock of trfty thou- sand dollars. John Lincoln became presi- dent and Captain X'anhise, vice-president, and in that capacity uur subject CdUtinucd tn ser\e imtil a vacancy occurred in the presi- dency, when he was chosen to that positimi. in which he has now ser\ed for six years. He has been largely instrumental in placing the bank upon a good paying basis and mak- ing it one of the most reliable financial con- cerns in this part of the state. He is a sagacious, far-sighted liusiness man. deter- mined and resolute in carrying out his well formulated plans, and liis energy and indus- try lia\e Ijeen the salient features in his suc- cessful Inisiness career. in October, 1840. Captain Vanhise was united in marriage to ]\Iiss Catherine ]\[ar- tin. of Pickaway county, Ohic), a daughter of Adam and Catherine ( Pontius) ^ilartin, also of Pickaway count\'. They have a very l)leasant and attracti\e iK.mie in Blount Pulaski, and in addition the Captain owns other city property and one hundred and six, ty acres of valuable land in Logan county, which he rents. He is a memlier of Samuel \\'alker Po.st, Xo. 205. G. A. R,, of which he has served as commander for the past five years. In his political views lie is a stal- wart Republican and though he has never sought or desired public office he has al- \vays faithfully performed his duties of cit- izenship and as e\^ery true American should do, keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day. The cause of etlu- cation tinds in him a warm friend and he tlid effective service for th'e schools while acting as a member and president of the school board. Since the age of sixteen he has been a member of the Methodist Epis- copal church, has long served as one of its officers, for four years was assistant su])er- intendent of the Sunday-school and for thir- ty-seven years has been superintendent. His has been an active and useful career, his acti\ity in many lines pro\ung of benefit to his fellow men. while in th(; business world he has achieved prosperity, his life history ])ro\-ing what it is possilile to accomplish if one has the courage to tlare and to do. X'o history of this community would be com- plete without the record oi Captain Vanhise. the loyal soldier, faithful citizen and reliable business man. J. WEBSTER SUMXER. J. Webster Sumner, another early set* ilcr of Logan county, has been engaged in farming here since 1856. He is a native of Darke county. Ohio, born on January 12, 1840, and is a son of Oran L. and Fdizabeth ( Carnahan ) Sumner, nati\'es of Vermont and Scioto county, Ohio, respectively. The father moved to Ohio when he was, cjuite ycmng and he and his wife were married in Darke county, where he engaged in farming until bis death in 1852. The mother had a brother and two sisters residing in Logan County. Illinois, and after the death of her husband she came here with her family and settled in Or\il township, on the present farm of our subject, where she reared her children and engaged in farming. AI)out 334 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 1884 she removed to the village of Emden and there resided until her death, in 1893. The parents of our suljject liad ten chil- dren, live now living', namely: ^Margaret, who resitles in the village of Emden : Will- iam T.. who married Sarah Bruner and re- sides in Eminence township: J- ^^ ■. nur sul)- ject ; I'^"ances, wife of O. A. .Shirle\", of Ford county, Illinois: Elizalieth A., Avife of T. J. Miller, of Or\-il township : John C. Berthena and Ella, all three deceased; and two others who died in infancy. In 1870 our suhject was married tn Zara A. Patterson, a nati\-e of the southern part of Illinois, horn in 1X5J, and a (laugh- ter of Lewis and Jane (Cooper) Patterson. natives of Ohio and New Jersey, respecti\e- ly. Mr. Patterson was a farmer in Ohio, but came to Logan count\', Illinois, at an early day, and died in Lincoln in 1864. Our subject and wife are the jiarents of four chijclren, namelv: Cora, wife of Ezra 1). Reardon, of Oklahoma City: William T.. an attornev of East St. Louis. Illinois: Frank W.. a minister in the Christian church, who is a student of the College of the Bible in Kentucky: and Bertha, who died at the age of three years. Mr. Sumner was the onh- oue of his parents' children who remained at lunue ami he helped his mother on the farm and finally became the owner of it. Here he has spent his life in farming, with the exception of a period de\-oted to the defense of his countr}-. On .\ugust 12, 1862, he enlisted in Com- pany F, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Infantrx'. luider Colonel Latham and Cap- tain Beesley. His company was in the siege of Vicksburg and also participated in a num- ber of small engagements, but he was ne\er injured in anv wav and received his hon- orable discharge at Springfield on August 9. 186s. He then returned to the old homestead in (_)rvil township, this county, where he is the owner of one hundred and twentv acres of fine farming land on section 10. On this excellent property he carries on general farming and stock raising-. His land is well cultivated and the buildings are substantial and in good repair, while his residence is a \'er\' good one. Politicalh- ]\lr. Sumner is a stanch Re- publican and he has Ijeen honored by elec- tion to se\eral of the minor offices of the township, although his time is so occupied that he has not sought official positions. Both he and his most excellent wife are earnest memliers of the Bethel Christian church, which is located one mile east of his farm. Xot onl\- has he taken an active ])art in church work and given liberally of his means, imt he and his wife reared one (if their children to take up the work of the" Master. ;\lr. Sunnier is well and fa\-orahly known in the comnuuiity in which he resides and is often called by his frieufls "\\'el)"' .Sunnier. COLONEL WILFORD D. WVATT. Wilford D. \\'_\-att, an old and ])romi- nent attorney of Lincoln, is a native of Illi- nois, born on a farm in ^lorgan county, .Se])teniher i. i8ji, and is a worth)' repre- sentati\e of one of the honored pioneer fam- ilies of this state. His paternal great-grand- father came to this country from the north of Ireland, and settled in Virginia, where the grandfather, John Wyatt, was born. The latter wedded ^lary Trimble, who was born in Pennsylvania, of Dutch ancestry, and in 1816 he removed to Batesville, .Arkansas, where he made his home until his death. William Wyatt, our subject's father was THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 337 born near Harper's Ferry, in Loudoun coun- ty, Virginia, in 1790, and in early life re- moved witli iiis father tn Tennessee, locating near General Jackson's plantation. Later he removed to Flynn's Ferry. Kentucky, on the Ohio river, and in 18 14 came to Illinois, being at that time a pilot on the ^Mississippi river running as far as Xew Orleans. In 181 6 he was married in Madison county, this state, to ]\Iiss Rachel Kitchens, who was born at Kaskaskia. of French and Spanish parentage. After residing in Madison coun- ty four years, he removed to Morgan county, in 1820. and made his home three and one- half miles south of Jacksonville for some time, when he removed three and one-half miles northeast of Jacksonville, where he Ixmght a farm, on which he li\'ed until his •death in April. 1836. He was a soldier of the war of 1812. His wife died in 1830. Of the nine children born to them se\'en lived to be grown, namely : Elizabeth ; John : ^^'ilford D., our subject: Xancy Ann; Mary, and Savilla. widow of the late Col- onel Robert B. Latham. On)}- our suljject and his youngest sister are now li\ing. Wilford D. W'yatt grew to manhood on the home farm. an#l supplemented his early education, acquired in the common schools, by a year's attendance at the Illinois College in Jacksonville. In the spring of 1844 he ■went to St. Louis. ^lissouri. and from there to Phillips county, Arkansas, where he taught school and commenced the study of law with Judge Josiah B. ^IcKeil. He was admitted to the bar in that state in 1846, and began practice at Delta. Mississiiii)i. where he served as clerk of the courts of his county. During the Mexican war he enlisted in June. 1846. in Company B. First Mississippi Regi- ment of Riflemen, commanded by Colonel Jefferson Davis, and he ])articipated in the battles of Monterev and Buena Vista. After his discharge he returnetl to Mississippi, and shortly afterward went to Vicksburg, where he re-enlisted in Captain Elisha Crowson's companv of riflemen, belonging to the First Battalion, under command of Colonel J. Pat- ton Anderson, and then went to Tampico, Mexico, where he remained until the close of the war. He was promoted to second lieu- tenant in Captain Llovd's independent cav- alr)- comi)an_\'. which, liy order of the war department, was attached to the Third United States Flying Artillery, commanded by Colonel Gates. He was mustered out at \'icksburg. July 3. 1S48. was in bad health until 1849. when he went to Pine Bluff, Ar- kansas, where he published a newspaper and practiced law until 1853. when he returned to Carrollton. Illinois, and practiced law and edited a nev.spaper until December. 1856, when he came to Lincoln as attorney for the Chicago & Alton Railroad, which jxisi- tion he held until entering the arm\-. Dur- ing the session of the legislature, in 1857, he was assistant secretary of the senate, per- forming the duties of the secretar)-. In 1861, at the breaking out of the Civil war. ^Ir. W'yatt raised Company E, of the Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was rommissioned the first lieutenant-colonel of said regiment. He assisted in organizing his regiment, and also in recruiting members for the One Hundred and Sixth and other regiments throughout the war. Since then he has engaged in the ])ractice of law at Lincoln. Colonel ^\'yatt has been twice married. In September, 1844, at Carrollton. Greene count)-. Illinois, he wedded I\Iiss Anna Jo- sephine Blackshaw. a niece of Governor Thomas Carlin. and to then: were born four children: Lammie E.. wife of John Ed- monds, a resident of Lincoln : William, who died in childhcKjd; Anna B., deceased; and 338 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ]\Iary, wife of John C. Matliews, of tlie law- firm of Shope, Mathews & Miller, of Chica- go. The mother of these children died Jan- uar_\' i8, 1893, and mi the jjnd of Novem- ber. 1899, Colonel Wyatt married Miss Liz- zie F. Morris, a native of Pennsxh'ania. In politics Colonel W \'att is a stanch Democrat. He served as president of the Illinois Christian Temperance Union from 1879 until 1 88 1, and is now the chief coun- sellor of the hranch council of the Ivoval Templars of Ten.iperance. at Lincoln. Illi- nois. Colonel Wyatt is well and favurably known by the people of central Illinois and has now the distinction of beinq' the oldest member of the Logan count}- bar now in act- i\e practice. REV. FREDERICK W. SCHNAT- HORST. Re\-. Frederick \^'. Schnatliorst, pastor of .St. J completion at a cost of twenty-three thou- sand dollars. .\t lirst he took the responsi- bility of raising the money. 1)ul after demonstrating the feasibility of the project, the assistance of all of the churches of his denomination in northern Illinois was re- ceived. In this institution sevent_\'-live chil- dren are now cared for, besides seventeen old ]jeople. who are given church, home and school prixileges. ,\s founder of the Deaconess Phispital in Lincoln, ]\ir. Schnatliorst has perhaps reared the most \-isible and lasting monu- ment to his name. Its inception was brought about in a peculiar manner. In the autumn of 1898 nianv families of this city were stricken with t\phoid fever, so many, in fact, that hel]) or nurses could not be ob- tained in this locality. (>oing to St. Louis, Mr. Schnathorst securefl a number of dea- conesses to come ruid care for his sick. .So favorable an impression did they make that the question was raisecl. \\'h_\- cannot we THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 339 Iiave ail order (jf tlie kind liere? Our sulj- ject presented tliis tliought to his congre- gation and the ])lan was favorably received. He also had men more con\-ersant with the features and cost of such an enterprise to come to Lincoln and address his congrega- tion. As a result a society was eventually formed, a charter for a hospital was ob- tained at Springfield, and Mr. Schnathorst commenced raising funds for the erection of the necessary building. After deciding on the plans it was estimated that the cost would be about twenty-two thousand dol- lars, wiiich money he succeeded in raising, but b\- the time the structure was completed ;ind furnished ready for use it cost about thirty-five tlKJUsand dollars, which amount has to be partly raised by him. 'This hos- pital is open to all: is well e(|uippcd for all surgical and medical cases, and is in charge of a competent sister superior, aided by a good cor])s of deaconesses and the house committee. It contains all that can be de- sired for the care of the sick in the most modern and ajiproved' manner, and is one of the best hos])itals in any city the size of Lincoln throughout the United States. For Air. Schnathorst to have accomplished .such an undertaking as this may well be consid- ered a good life work. ( )n the 30th of June. 1886. he was united in marriage with Miss Lottie Bergman, of Xewton. Iowa, a daughter of William and Louisa (Flamkamp) Bergman, \\ho were both natives of Prussia, Germany. By this union have been born one son and five flaughters, namely: Louise, Selma, Lena, Fred II., Lottie and Corinne. ]\Ir. Schnathorst is reverefl and loved by his own congregation, and has also won the honor and esteem of all fathers who ha\x seen his de\-otion to his noble calling. Broad in his \-iews and sympathies, a friend of the poor and oppressed, ever ready with helpful counsel for the ])erplexed or sorrow- ful, he has a wifle field for labor, and well does he discharge its arduous and sacred duties. JAMES EXTiRETT JEW'ETT. .\mong the most prrjiiiinent and influ- ential citizens of Lincoln is numbered James E\'erett Jewett, the present grand chancellor of the Knights of Pythias of the ]")omain of IlHnois. A native of the old I'ine Tree state, he was born in Belfast, Maine. January 13, 1844. and is a son of I'arker and Mary (Cochran) Jewett. the former born in Vermont, the latter in East Boston. Massachusetts, of Irish parentage. By trade the father was a cooper, Init Ills later years were dex'oted to farming. He was a stevedore on sliii)s in early life, and was well known in tlie east. On coming west, in 1856, he located in Livingston coun- ty, Illinois, where he made his home until called to his final rest, at the age of eighty- nine years. Having met with success in life and becoming quite well-to-do, he was able to s])end his last days in ease and re- tirement from active labor. He was a large, rolnist man and enjoyed excellent health. His wife died in Illinois, at the age of seventy-six. In their family were seven children, five sons and two daughters, of whom our suJjject is fourth in order of birth. He had two brothers who were in the Civil war, John P. ha\ing served as commissary sergeant of the Thirty-seventh Fremont Rifles; and Ralph P., as brigade blacksmith in the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Illi- nois Volunteer Infanlrw The latter was in the Pinkerton detective service eleven years, and died at Mitchell, South Dakota, about 340 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 1890. Our subject has one sister living, Emily A., wife of George T. Faucett, of Panora, Iowa. Air. Jewett liegan his education in the public schools of Maine, and after the re- movc-^l of the family to Illinois attended Eureka College, at Eureka, Woodford county. When an undergraduate he left that instituti(jn and commenced teaching, being principal of a high school in McLean county nine years. During the latter part of that time he read law with J. H. Rowell and J- M. Hamilton, and was admitted to the bar January 8, 1878. He l>egan prac- tice at Chenoa, Illinois, and soon became in- teresteil in politics. In 1877 he was first assistant clerk in the house of representa- tives, and for si.\ years was connected with the L'nited States revenue serx'ice, with headquarters at Pekin. Although he was not educated for the ministry. Mr. Jewett took up Bible study, and for some years engaged in preaching. From 1885 until 1888 he had charge of evangelist work in McLean county as county evangelist, and in 1888 and i88g was pas- tor of the Christian church at Fanner City : the following two years at Washington ; in 1892 and 1893 at Lincoln: and then three years at Shelby ville. In January, 1897, lie returned to Lincoln and has since made this place his home. For the past three years he has filled the pulpits of the Christian churches at Bethel and ^Midland City as preacher. Mr. Jewett was numbered among the boys in blue during the dark days of the Re- bellion, enlisting August 7, 1862, at Pontiac as a private, in Company G, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Illinois Volunteer In- fantry. He ttxik part in the battle of Resaca, Georgia, and the Atlanta campaign, including the last engagement at Peach Tree I Creek. He then followed Sherman on the march to the sea and up through the Caro- linas to Cioldsboro. At the close of the war l;e participated in the grand re\iew at Washington, D. C, and was mustered out June 8, 1865, and discharged on the 20th of the same month at Chicago. He saw some hard service under General Buell in Kentucky, fhe brigade commander at that , time being Colonel Chapin, of the Twenty- ) third Michigan, and later Colonel Benjamin > Harrison. In Morton, Tazewdl criunt\", Illinois, ]\Ir. Jewett was married, in 1869, to Miss Sarah E. Graves, who was born in ]Mason I county, Kentucky, in i84(), and was only three years old when she came to Illinois, where she was reared and educated. Her father. Charles \\'. Cira\'es, died in Lincoln, Nebraska. Of the three children born to ]\Ir. and Mrs. Jewett one died in early child- hood. Oscar Allen was educated at Eureka College, and for a time engaged in teaching- school, Init he soon became interested in newspaper work, and is now editor and pro- prietor of the Cowden Reflector at Cowden. Illinois. Everett P. is a railroad fireman on the Toledo, St. Louis & \\'estern Railroad, and resides in Charleston, Illinois. Both sons are married, and E\erett P. has one child. In 1888 ]\Ir. Jewett joined the Knights of Pythias fraternity, and is now a member of Glendower Lodge, No. 45, of Lincoln, in which he lias filled all the offices. He is to-day one of the most prominent members of the order in Illinois, and in October, 1900, was elected grand chancellor, which responsible position he is now filling with distinction, having charge of si.x hundred and nine lodges in the state. On the 7th of August, 1865, he was made a ]\Iason, and is to-da\- a member of the blue lodge, chap- I THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 341 ter and council, wliile he is serving' as grand chaplain of the council of the state. He is also a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and has been brigadier general of the Union Veteran Union, or Order of Bat- tlemen, since 1900. He is a prominent member of all of these orders and takes an acti\e part in their work. For several years Mr. Jewett was president of the state Sun- day-school l)oard of the Christian church, and still de\iites considerable time to church work. On his return to Lincoln, in 1897, he opened an office for the practice of law in this cit}-, and is meeting with good success in his profession. He is one of the leading Re])ublicans of the city and exerts consid- erable influence in its councils. For twentv- fijur years he has followed the fi.irtunes of John R. Tanner, and has ever made a care- ful study of political matters. As a citizen he ever stands ready to discharge any dut\- devolving uimn him, and he justly merits the esteem in which he is universallv heltl. TOHX ZETER. Jiihn Zeter, ex-count\- sur\-e\-or and a jirominent resident of East Liiicnln town- sliip, is m iw successfully engaged in dair\- and fruit farming on section 33. He is a nati\-e of Ohio, liorn in Hamilton count\'. January 17. 1S5S, and is a son of Adam and Margaret ( Boesin ) Zeter. who are of Ger- man l)irth and are now over seventy x'ears of age. The father has always l:)een an act- ive man and has made farming his life work. He and his wife are still li\-ing in Hamilton CDunty. ()hiii. 'J'l) them were born nine children, se\'en sons and two daughters, of M'hom five sons and one daughter are now living, their homes being either in Indiana or Ohio, with the exception of our subject, who is the second m order of birth in this family and the oldest now living. During his boyhood Jnhn Zeter attended the common schools of his native state and remained at home until he attained his ma- jorit}-. \vlien be commenced work as a farm hand. In 1884 and 1885 he took an elective course at the Northern Indiana Normal School at Valparaiso, Indiana, and while there made a special study of surveying. He then came to Logan county, Illinois, where he engaged in teaching school for four years. In 1888 ;Mr. Zeter was married in this county to Miss Sarah J. Moyer, who was born here in 1862, and is a daughter of Michael and Amanda J. Moyer. The father is deceased, but the mother is still lixing and makes her home with a daughter in Champaign county, Illinois. She has three daughters and one son. but Mrs. Zeter is the only one residing in this county. Air. Moyer, who was a shoemaker and farmer by occupation, died at the home of our subject. After securing a good education in the schools of Logan county, Mrs. Zeter taught school here for a time. Our subject and his wife have four children, namelv : Harrv M., Carl, George, all attending school; and rherim. The _\ear of his marriage [Mr. Zeter pur- chased his present farn: on section t,;^, East Lincoln township, consisting of eighty-five acres, and has since engaged in dair}- farm- ing and fruit growing, though he has recent- ly gi\-en some attention to the sugar beet industry. As a Republican he has always taken quite an acti\e and influential part in local politics, and in i8c)6 was elected county sur\-eyor, which office he creditably filled for four years. He has held several other minor positions in his township, but 342 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. has never been a politician in tl'»e sense of office seeking. Through his own unaided ef- forts ]\Ir. Zeter acquired a good practical educaticjn, and is to-day a well-informed man, who takes a commendable interest in public affairs, and is alwa^'s willing to aid any enterprise calculated to prove of public benefit. FREDERICK HECKARD. Frederick Heckard, deceased, who re- sided in Atlanta township, was for many years a conspicuous figure in Logan county. He was the object of respect by young and old, and was greeted with aft'ection and es- teem by one and all. In his declining days he enjoyed the reward of a well ordered life and one in which he had exerted himself to do good to those around him. He was a native of Pennsylvania, born July 21, 1835, and was a son of John H. Heckard, also a native of the same state. John Heckard spent his entire life in Pennsxhania, where his death occurred. From his boyhood days he followed the life of a farmer and was always known to be successful in all his un- dertakings. 'Sir. Heckard, of this review, was reared on the farm of his father and received a good country school education. He was one of a family of sixteen children, but upon the death of his father and immediately after the close of the war, they found it necessary lor each tn make a new start in the world, and by taking the advice of Horace Greeley, our subject came west and located in .Atlanta township, Logan county, Illinois, where he devoted his time and attention to agricult- ural pursuits, and so proved himself a most thorough and skillful farmer until called awav by death. Air. Heckard's first marriage was with Miss Mary Snook : to this union were born eignt children. Mrs. Heckard died and .April 15, 1898, Air. Heckard wedded Airs. Desdemonia Dunagan, who had one child by a former marriage. Airs. Elizabeth St. John, who resides with her aged mother and who was the first child born in Atlanta. Airs. Heckard is a devout member of the Baptist church, and is prominently known - . ner kind, genial nature, her charities and her earnest, eiificient church work, as was also her husband. Our sul)ject was an early pioneer of Illi- nois, and was prominentl}- identified with the history of Logan county. In politics he was a strong Republican, and a man hon- ored and respected by all who knew him. .As ^ a young man in the early days of Atlanta, * \vhen the country had not begun to reco\-er ■ the losses sustained during the great Civil J war, he grew up with the country and helped it to become a part of the leading nation of , the world to-day. JAMES W. COLLINS. One of the most successful and ])opular dentists of Lincoln, Illinois, is James ^^^ Collins, who was born in the citv of Lel)a- non, Kentucky, in 1851, and is a worthy representative oi a good old southern fam- ily, his parents being James E. and Laxisa V Bledsoe) Collins, natives of A'irginia. From the Old Dominion they removed to Kentucky, where they made a permanent settlement, there spending the remainder of their lives. Dr. Collins grew to manhood in Law- renceburg, Kentucky, and is indebted to its public and private schools for his literary THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 343 ediicatiDii. In 1871 he went to Petersburg. Menard Cdunty. Illinois, where he cijni- menced the study of dentistry with Dr. H. B. Da\'is. In 1876 he came to Lincoln and ()])ened an office, being actively engaged in ]iractice in this city e\er since. His skill and ability haye won for him a liberal pat- ronage, and he is recognized as one of the most competent dentists of the place. Dr. Collins was one of the principal or- ganizers of the JNIutual and Logan County Telephone Companies, which are now in successful operation, and which haye reduced the cost to the jjatrons one-half of that paiil to the Bell Company. Their telephone lines now connect Lincoln with many of the neighljoring towns and are of great conyen- ience to the farmers of Logan county. He also organized the Mt. Pulaski Telephone Company and owns considerable of its stock. He has a nice home in Lincoln on one of its principal resident streets, and there hospital- it\' reigns supreme, the family haying a large circle of friends and acc^uaintances who are always sure of a hearty welcome within its dm irs. \n 1 88 1 Dr. Collins was united in mar- riage with Miss Leila Burgess, of Mt. Perry. Perry county. Ohio, a daughter of Edward and Mary A. (Peyton) Burgess. They have one daughter, jMarguerite, who is now a student in the Lincoln High School. HENRY B. BROWN, M. D. Dr. Henry B. Brown is a skilled physi- cian and surgeon of Lincoln, Illinois, whose knowledge of the science of medicine is broad and comprehensive, and whose ability in applying its principles to the needs of sufferins; humanity has gained him an en- \-iable prestige in professional circles. A na- ti\e of Kentucky, he was born in Hodgens- ville, December 6, 1851, and is a son of Pat- rick and Louisa (Enlows) Brown. His fa- ther was born in Virginia in 1800, of Scotch- Irish ancestry, while the mother was born in Kentucky in 1813, and belonged to an old family of that state, being a daughter of Abraham Enlows. Dr. P>rown grew to manhood in Logan county, Illinois, having come here in 1865. His early education was acquired in the dis- trict schools near his home. Having decided to enter the medical profession he studied toward that end, and read medicine for some time with Dr. John T. Hoclgen, of St. Louis, Alissouri. He then took a course of lectures at the St. Louis Medical College, where he was graduated in 1876, and later si>ent one year in the cit)' hospital there, sup- plementing the knowledge he had pre\'iously acquired by a course of practical training. In 1877 he came to Lincoln, where he has since engaged in general practice with marked success. The Doctor was married in 1883 to Miss Leila Wilbur, a daughter of Dr. C. T. Wil- Inw. superintendent of the state as\-lum for feeble-minded children at Lincoln. She died in 1895, leaving one son, Charles Hodgen, who is now attending Lake Forest Univer- sit}-. In 1897 15'"- Brown was again mar- ried, his second union being with Miss Mary Davison, of Lincoln, l:)y whom lie has one child, Mary Finley. The Doctor is a prominent Knight Templar Mason, a member of Constan- tine Commandery, No. 51. and fraternally he belongs to the State Medical Societ\', the American Medical Association, and the Brainard District Medical Society. He is surgeon for the Illinois Central Railroad, and is recognized as one of the leading pli\'- 344 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. sicians nf this scctimi of the state, stancHiig' lii<;'h in iho pri i|\'ssi(iii. especially in surgery, [lis ])ractice is theretore e.\tensi\e and lu- crative, and he is one of the staff of St. Clara's I l(jsi)ilal. He is a director of J.inculn National Bank, also a trustee of IJncoln College, and a nienihcr of the llaptisl church, of which he is duenf the trustees. w. c. k. K.\h:sh:i'.ih:R W. C. R. Kaeseliier. ;i iinmiincut farmer ruid rei)resentati\e citizen of I'rairie Creek Idwuship, resides on scclinu 14 where he owns one hundred .-nul twcutv acres of rich lanuiiiL; land. llc]iasli\cd in l.ogan coun- ty since i8(k). Jle was born in Cicrniany on July y, 1829, and is a son of Frederick ;ind Louisa Kaesehier, who alwa\s li\cd in their nati\e laml where the f.nthei' was a laborer, ;uid wlid'c he died. Two of their children cinie 111 America. naniel\- : Charles aiul our subject. Charles was a wayoninaker of Lin- coln, this ccuuUw and died there in 1889, luuing become well knuwn and highly re- spected in that coinnnuht\. ( )ur subject settled in West Linculu township and worked oiu on l.arnis until he was married, in i8(i_^. to Miss ^lary .Schaup, a (laughter of John .Schaup. who was a laborer and died in Lincoln a\ here the re- mainder of his famil_\- still resiile. i\ir. and Mrs. Kaesebier ha\e had fourteen children, as follows: C'harles. whu married Miss Maggie Ihirdin and lives in .Sheridati town- ship: \\'illiam, who married Catherine Heal_\' and li\es in bjudcn N'illage, this countv ; .August, who li\cs in ()r\il township .and m.arried lunma Cross; .\nnic, wife of Will- lirun John Cross, of Or\ il township; Ru- dolph, who married Catherine Klokkcnga and lives in ()r\il township; Warren, at h(ime: .M.itilda. who married Dick Onkes, of ()r\ il township: Adnlph. .\lai\\\ Lottie .and l(l;i. ;ill tnur ;it home, and three who died in infauc\-. .\fler bis marri.age Mr. Kaesebier pur- chased ;i f.irm in West Lim-nln township, where he resided si.\ years, and then moved to Orvil township. Three years later he located on his present farm and carries on general farming most successfully. Polit- ically be is a Demtx'rat and for several vears has ser\-ed as school director of the towai- shi]), but while he alwa\s supports the can- didates of his party on national affairs, in J, local issues he votes for the best man. ]5oth " he ;md his excellent wife are members of the l.inberan church of J'juden and are \'erv highly respected both in the church ;md throughout the comnuinity in which they reside ;md w here their man\- excellent quali- ties .arc well known. TTTo^r.xs i\f. tt.\i>:kis. Among the ])ractitioners of law at the Lt>gan county bar stands Thomas M. Har- ris, of Lincoln, lie is a young man of strong purpose and laudable ambition, nf unfaltering energy and forceful intellectu- ality, and already he has won (hstinction lh;it m;uiy an older practitioner might well eu\y. Jle was born iuAIacoupin county. Illinois, October 21, 1865. and is a son of j John L. and Susanna (Lake) Harris. The Harris family is of \\'elsb lineage, while the maternal ancestry of oiu" subject is .Scotch, .ahbdugh the L.ake f.imily was founded in \'irginia at a \-ery early tlay. The grandfather, Thomas L. Harris, was born in the Old Dtnuinon and married a T. M. HARRIS. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 347 j\Irs. Elizabeth Forman. They removed fo Ilhnois in 1856, and his death nccurred in [Nlaciiupin cnunty, this state, when he liad attained tlie advanced age of ninety-two ^■eal■s. His son, Jdhn L. Harris, was born in Kentnck-\-, and after arri\ ing at years of maturity married Susanna Lake, a nati\-e of Sangamon county, Ihinois. and a daugh- ter of Tliomas and Harriet ( DiUon ) Lake, uho removed from \'irginia to Ihinois in 1S33 and took up their almde in Sangannju county. Thomas AI. Harris pursued iiis educa- tion in the schools of Bedford. Iowa, whither his parents removed in his youth, and after completing his literai\\- course he engaged in teaching for three years, Ijut, de- termining t(_) make the practice of law his life work, he became a student in the office and under the directiim of the law firm of Blinn & Holilit, of Lincoln. In 1893 he was admitted to tlie bar, and for two years tliereafter -was in the employ of E. D. Blinn. with whom he formed a partnership in -1895, the firm of Blinn & Harris now taking front rank at the bar nf Logan county. ]Mr. Har- ris is a young man of much natural ability, and this is supplemented by industry, — \\ithout which there is no success. His devotion to his clients' interests is proverb- ial, and he prepares his cases with great thoroughness, so that he enters the court- room weir equipped for the mental contest. He is a close and earnest student, and his knowledge of the law is comprehensi\e'and exact. In October. 1895, Air. Harris was united in marriage to Aliss Belle Johnston, a daughter of William and Alargaret (Ir- \ine ) Johnston, both of wIiDm were nati\es of Scotland and came from Canada to the L^nited States. Two children jjrace the marriage of our subject and his wife, — - Homer B. and Dean J. The parents have a xery wide circle of friends and acquaint- ances, and the hospitalities of the best homes are extended to them. Socially Air. Harris is well known, being a prominent Alason, holding membership in Logan Lodge, No. 210, A. F. & A. AI. ; Lincoln Chapter, No. 147, R. A. AI. ; and Constantine Command- ery. No. 51, K. T. He is also a Noble of the Alystic Shrine, belonging to Alohammed Temple, at Peoria. A prominent Repub- lican, he is a man of influence in the coun- cils of his part}', and has labored effectively for its success. From 1894 until 1896 he was chairman of the Republican county- central committee, and during that period the ])arty carried the countx' at the elections held. He is a memljer of the Republican state committee for the seventeenth district, and is untiring in his efforts to secure the adoption of Reijulilican princii)les. believing them best calculated to advance the welfare of state and nation. His attention, how- ever, is chieiiy devoted to his pr(_)fession, and his rapid adwancemcnt is unmistakable proof of his ability. ^^■ILLIAA[ RUPP. The aliility (>f a man to rise above the ranks of the commonplace and attain promi- nence in the business world presupposes a strength above the average, a stability of character that will endure all discourage- ment and disappointment and in the end triumph o\er exxry impediment that ob- structs the pathway to success. Such quali- ties have been manifest in the career of Mr. Rupp. who started out in life cmptv-handed. 34S THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. I but is now one of the large land-owners and prosperous bankers of Logan county. He makes his home in Mount Pulaski, ha\-ing remo\-ed to this cit_\- (.m retiring from the farm. Mr. Rupp was burn in the village ot Diegelsberg, in the Kingdom of W'urt- emberg, Germany, ISIarch 6, 1838, a son of George and Catlierine (Boet- y.d) Rupp, who were also natives of the same country. In 185 1 they left the Fatherland, and with their family sailed from Havre, reaching New York after a voyage of twenty-one days. The_\- then pro- ceeded westward to Buffalo and by wa\- of Naples, Illinois, to Springfield, and later to Logan county. A\'hen they arrived here the combined cash capital of the family an'ouUI not have amounted to forty dollars. For three years the family resided U])on the farm owned by Theodore Lorenz, and then the father purchased one hundred and sixty acres near Latham. This was ne\v land, wild and unimpro\-ed, but the laljors of the father and his sons soon transformed it into a valuable and productixe tract. Their resi- dence, there erectetl, was the first brick house in the neighborhood. For many years the father successfulh- carried on agricul- tural pursuits and in his later years was en- abled to enjoy all the comforts and many of the luxuries of life. His wife died on the old homestead in 1886 and he survi\-ed her three years, dying in 1889. They were de- \'out members of the Lutheran church and earnest, consistent Christian people. The mother was a widow, Mrs. ^^'eller, at the time of her marriage to George Rupp. She had four children by her first marriage, namely: John, who died in Iowa; Martin, decea.sed ; George, one of the leading farmers of Logan county : and Margaret, widow of George Brooker. To J^Ir. and Mrs. Rupp ^\■ere born three sons: Christian, who died in infancN': and William and Christian, of Ml. Pulaski. William Rupp liegan his education in the schools of his nati\-e land and after com- ing with his parents to the new world he continued his studies in the i)rimili\e schools of Logan county. His training at farm work was not meager, for he soon l)ecame familiar with the use of all farm implements and continued to assist in the cultivation of the old homestead until twen- t}-two years of age, when he married, the lad}' of his choice being Barbara .Stoll, of Logan county. .She was liorn in Germany and came to America when eight years of age in compan_\- with her father, Ehrhardt Stoll. .\fter his marriage ^Ir. Rupp began farming un his own account on the (jld fam- ily homestead of one hundred and si.xty acres, which he nijw (iwns. Later he pur- chased two hundred and eight\' acres in ]Mt. Pulaski, antl at different times bought other tracts of eighty acres, of three lumdrecl and sixty acres and the farm near Latham of three hundred and twenty acres, making in all six hundred and eighty acres of land. This is now ^•er_\• valuable and the rental from his farm property brings him a very desiraljle income. He engaged in the raising of wheat and corn and also made a specia.lty of the Iireeding of fine hogs, ha\-ing some thoroughbretl males. His farming interests were carried on in- dustriously and his labors resulted in bring- ing to him year bv year a handsome in- come, which in part was laid by for future use. so that he is now the possessor of a handsome com])etencc. He lived upon the Mt. Pulaski farm for twelve years and then removed to Mt. Pulaski, renting his land. Here he purchased, in 1893, an interest in THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 349 tlie First National Bank, of which he is now one of the leading stockholders and a di- rector. Air. Rupi) was one of the charter mem- bers of tlie Mutual Farmers Insurance Com- pany of Logan county, of which he has been a director for twel\-e years, and takes an ac- tive part in its affairs and has done much to bring the success the company now en- joys. Unto Mr. ami INIrs. Rupp ha\e been born three sons and seven daughters: Charles, who is living on the home farm; William, a banker of Benton Harbor, Michigan ; George, who is teller in tlie First National Bank of Mount Pulaski; Sarah, the wife of George Lachenmeyer, an extensive farmer of Logan count}- : Pauline, at home ; Carrie and Lillie. both at home; .Vmelia, a gradu- ate of Jacksonville College : Effie, attending the high school of Mount Pulaski ; and Catherine, deceased. The famih- have a very pleasant home in one of the principal residence districts of the city. The house is built in a modern style of architecture and is supplied with all modern con\'en- iences. In politics, on national questions, Air. Rupp advocates Democratic principles, but has never aspired to office, preferring to devote his time and attention to his busi- ness interests. He served, however, as township treasurer and road commissioner of Lacuna township for thirteen years. He and his family are members of the Luth- eran church, of which Mr. Rupp has been elder for many years and secretary of the board for the last ten years. He is a man of e.xcellent business judgment, of tuiflag- ging industry and strong purpose, and through an acti\-e business career he has steadily worked his way upward until he now stands in an enviable position on the planes of affluence. His life is an example well worthy of emulation to all who wish to gain prosperity through honorable ef- fort. PATRICK O'BRIEX. Among the prosperous and prominent citizens of Logan county are many who had their nati\'it}- in countries beA'ond the Atlan- tic, Imt in bo}-hood or early manhood left the lands of their birth to seek citizenship and make homes for themselves in this great re- pulilic of ours, .\mong those who have won an en\iablc place in this their adopted coun- ty is Patrick O'Brien, who resides on his farm in section 29, Atlanta township. He is the son of Michael and X('ra (O'Brien) O'Brien, both of whom were I)orn in County- Claire, IrelamI, where Michael O'Brien .fol- lowed the occupation of a farmer. Patrick O'Brien, one of four children in his father's family, was born October 18, 1832, and reared on a farm. He came to the United States in 1859 and landed in the city of New York penniless. After a brief stay in that city he came to Tazewell county, Illinois, where he worked on a farm by the month. Being a man of economical habits he saved money and after twenty-two months purchased about eighty acres of land. In the spring of 1890, he moved to Logan coun- tv. locating on the farm where he now re- sides. It consists of oiie hundred and thirty- five acres of choice land within sight of the city of .\tlanta. On this farm he has been very successful. The young man who land- ed in the United States without moi-iey has bv his own efforts secured a competence which he ma)- enjoy with his many friends as long as he li\-es. 35° THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Mr. O'Brien was married, February 20, 1865, to Miss Eliza Aladigan, a daughter of John Madigan, who was a native of Ire- land. Six children were born to ^Ir. and Mrs. O'Brien, namely : James, whose birth occurred February 25, 1866; Anna L., who was born April 3, 1868; Mary I., who was born July i, 1871, and is the wife of Robert Bishop, of Atlanta; Thomas W'., who was loom July 29, 1873; John M., who was born May 8, 1875. and died August 27, 1900; and Eliza C, her mother's namesake, who Avas born June 9, 1880. Mr. O'Brien and his family are devout members of the Cath- olic church. ♦-•-♦ L.VXDRL'M BURCHETT. That interesting modern innovation, the department store, with its varied aggrega- tion of interests under one roof within easy access of the most enthusiastic shopper, is by no means confined to the larger cities, but has representatives conducted with con- summate skill in smaller tciwns of the uninn. At Xew Holland the firm of Burchett & Son ha\-e anticipated the all around needs of the community, and carry a complete line of dry-goods, notions, carpets, hats and caps. g'eneral merchandise and groceries, and have in all one of the best equipped department stores in Logan county, the \-alue of the stock being lietween twenty-fi\e and thirty thousand dollars. The firm also carries on in connection with their general enterprise a large private Ijanking business \\ith a paid up capital of twenty-five thousand dollars. the officers of the bank being, president, our subject, and cashier. C. \\'. Binns. Until his twentieth }ear the career of Landrum Burchett was une\'entful. and not different from that experienced by the aver- age farm reared boy. He was born in Ken- tucky, in January, 1844, and in his early days had unusuall}- good educational o])- portunities. His father, \\'illiam J. P>urch- ett, was born in Kentucky, and was reared and educated in his nati\e state. Upon at- taining his majority he engaged in farming on a large scale, and continued this occui)a- tion with success until his death in 1899. His wife, Emily (Anxier) Burchett, still snr\i\-es him. She is of French descent, and is the mother of nine children, three of whum are now living. The beginning of the Ci\-il war naturallv opened a \-ista of usefulness and adventure to Landrum Burchett, and in the early part of 1862 he enlisted in Company A. Thirtv- ninth Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, and served with courage and distinction until Septemlier, 1865. After the cessation of hostilities he located in Maso'n county, Illi- nois, where he was employed as a clerk in a general merchandise store, and there gained • an excellent knowledge of business, manag- ing at the same time to save consideralile * money. In May, 1875, he fonnei)ert\-. As his financial re- siiurces increased he also added to his prop- ert\- until at the time of liis death lie was the owner of six hundred acres of \aluable land, riie familv went through the usual experi- ences of ]iicineer life, when comforts and conveniences were hard to obtain owing to the remoteness fron: towns and the lack of transportation facilities. In the winter of 183G-31 occurred what has since been known in history as the "deep snow. " during which time the family lived on corn meal ixninded in a wooden mortar and never tasting wheat bread from Xovember until the following spring. Mr. Scroggin died in 1859. lea\ing" a \aluable farm and other property to his ten children. The members of the family were Mary A.. Russell Shelby. Humphrey. E.sther J.. Sarah E.. Pleasant M.. Carter T.. Thomas J.. Ellen and Leonanl K. The last nametl was a little lad of only eight summers when brought by his family to Logan county and amid tlie wild scenes of the frontier he was reared. He pursued his education in a log school house during three moiuhs in the year and throughout the remainder of the time i)erformed such work on the farm as his age and strength would permit, at length becoming able to do a man's work in the fields. After his mar- riage he began farming on his own account on forty acres of his own entering, also hav- ing entered forty acres of timber land. There he resided for eleven years, in the meantime extending the Ixwndaries of the place until it comprised one hundred and tw enty acres. He followed general farming and also raised THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 353 cattle, horses, sheep and hogs. Success at- tciifled his well directed efforts and as the vears passed he made judicious investmaits in land until he is now the owner of five thousand acres in Logan county alone. His landed p<»ssessions elsewhere aggregate twenty thousand acres, including land in Xe- braska and Missouri and tai thousand acres rit Minnesota land, which he has purchased within the last eighteen months. He is a man of keen business sagacity, his judgment rarely if ever at fault, and this quality has lablefl hijii to so place his money in farm- g property that he is reaping a gfxjd finan- ial return therefrom continually. In May, 1K72. Mr. Scroggin organized the Farmers IJank. and in the business associated his son with him. The institution has been a pay- ing one from the Ijeginning. The reliability < if the owner and their safe business methods 'lave made it one of the solid financial insti- 1 itions of the county and its patronage has reached extensive proportions. Jn early manhood Leunty"s nati\'e sons and a representati\'e nf uue of her old and hon- ored families, whose identification with her history dates from an early period in the development nf the count}-. It A\as in the fall of 1834 that his grandparents, Steplien 358 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. and Elizabeth Foley, located here and pur- chased four hundred acres of land in At- lanta township, upon which he made his home until called to his final rest in 1849. He was a native of \'irg-inia and his wife of Pennsylvania. Her death occurred here in 1864. In their family were twelve children. Stephen L. Foley, the father of our sub- ject, was born in Clarke county, Ohio, and w'as reared on the homestead farm, his edu- cation being" acquired in the country schools of this county. In April. 1855, he was united in marria,g"e with Miss Phoebe Houch- in, who died April 14, 1861, and he was again married August 10, 1862, his second union 1>eing with Miss Emeline Hanle}'. who was originally from Ohio, and by whom he had three cliildren. two still living, namely: Fannie, wife of Walter C. Decker, of At- lanta township; and James B., our subject. Throughout life the father followefl agri- cultuiral pursuits, operating the old home farm. There he died Feliruary 2~, 1891. and the mother of our subject passed awa_\' May 4. 1 90 1. James B. Foley, of this review, was horn on the old homestead in Atlanta township, March i, 1867. and received a good practical education in the common schools of this county, at the same time acquiring an e.\- cellent knowledge of all the duties which fall to the lot of the agriculturist. His life has been spent .(ju the farm where he first opened his eyes to the light of day, and he is miw the owner of one hundred and fifty acres of land on sections 2^2 and },},, Atlanta town- shili]), and si.xteen acres in Oran township, which he rents. He is a thorough and sys- tematic farmer, and is meeting with excel- lent success in business aifairs. Mr. Foley was married Xo\ember 6. 1887, to Miss Heleii Mehrten. a daughter of Deitrick and Catherine (Becker) Alehr- ten, who came to this country from Ger- many. One child blesses this union, Donald, \vho was born ^larch 6, 1890, and is now attending the schools of Atlanta. He is a \ery bright, energetic lad of eleven years. Mr. and Mrs. Foley have a very pleasant home supplied with modern improvements and cnn\eniences. Both are members of the -Methodist church, and are highly res]jected ])}• all who know them for their genial and l^leasant manner. Socially Mr. Foley is a member of the Independent Order of W\\- tual Aid, and politically he aiTiliatcs with the Republican part}-. ERASTUS WRIGHT BATES. riie subject of this personal narrative is one of the most successful and progressive agriculturists within the borders of East Lin- coln township, his home being on section },2. He has made his special field of indus- try an eminent success, and is to-day the owner of some \-alual5le property. He has been a resident of Illinois since 1854, and after residing in Sangamon county si.x years came to Logan county, where he has since made his home. Air. Bates was born in Orleans county, A'ermont, June 15, 1847, a son of ^^'illiam P. and .\nn (Wright) Bates, who were early settlers of this county, the father Iie- ing engaged in farming in Broadwell town- ship for se\-eral years, and in the lumber and real estate business in Lincoln for ten years. He sub-divided three divisions of West Lincoln. His wife was a sister of Erastus \\''right, who laid out the origi- nal plat of Lincoln, ^\'illiam P. Bates spent the greater part of his active life in Logan county, and became widely and favorably THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 359 known in this localit}', but was residing with a daugliter in Springfield at the time of his death. He was born January 12, 1807, and died in April. i8qi. His wife, who was born in 181 1, died at the home of her son in Lincoln in 1888. They were the parents of six children, of whom four are still liv- ing, namely: Airs. Eliza J. Aldrich, a widow living in Cliicago : .Mrs. P. W. Harts, uf Springfield; Erastus \\'., our sub- ject; and I\Irs. Emn:a Hale, of Chicago. The two older daughters completed their ed- ucation in Jacksonville. Illinois, and the youngest at Andn\-er. Massachusetts. The father was originally a Whig in politics and on t!ie dissolution of that party became a Republican. In earl_\- life he was captain of militia in N'ermont, and was always quite ]M'ominent in the community where he made his home. After attending the public schools of Lincoln, Erastus W. Bates took a commer- cial course at the Springfield Business Col- lege. He then worked on his father's farm in Elkhart township until 1875. when he purcha.sed six hundred acres of land, for which he paid thirt\"-eight dollars per acre, but it has since trebled in value. In connec- tion with farming he has engaged in the stock-raising Inisiness on an extensive scale, and has been remarkably successful in both undertaking's. He now has twenty-six hun- dred and forty acres of valuable land in Lo- gan count}', all under cultivation, which he rents, except the home place of se\'enty- eight acres on section 2,2, East Lincoln township, where he located in 1891. Here he has a very commiKlious and elegant mod- ern residence, built in 1893, and the other improvements upon the place are in keep- ing with his home. Besides his farm prop- ert_\', Air. Bates owns some real estate in Lincolii. On the 19th of August, 1875, Air. Bates married Aliss Adaline Gillette Chamberlin, a niece of John Gillette. She was born in Xew Haven, Connecticut, in 185 1, and after completing her education was engaged in teaching in the i)ul.)l'ic schools of that state. By this union there have been boni three children: Annette C, at home; Adaline G., wlio was married May 15, 1901, to Rob- ert P. Hartwell, of Cleveland, Ohio; and William C who took a scientific course at Lincoln Uni\'ersity, and since his gradua- tion has traveled quite extensively in the old world. Air. Bates and his wife are meiiibers of the Cumberland Presbyterian church of Lincoln, and he is a Reiiulilican in politics and a great party worker. Systematic and methodical, his sagacity, keen discriniination and sound judgment have made him one of the most prosperous farmers in Logan coun- ty, and he is highly respected and esteemed by all with whom he comes in contact, either in business or social life. THOMAS AI. C.VAIERER. This well known citizen of Atlanta is one of the most e.xtensive contractors and builders of Logan and adjoining counties. Thoroughly reliable in all things, the qual- ity of his work is a con\'incing' test of his personal worth and the sanie admiral)le trait is shown in his conscientious discharge of the duties of the different positions of trust and responsibility to which he has been chosen in business and political life. 36o 1 1]-. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Mr. Camerer is one of Illinois' native sons, his birth having occnrred in iidgar cotmty, January 7, ii^S^- He is one of a family of eight ohildrL-n, whose parents were John and Harriet (Dill) Camerer. The father was Ijorn in the Keystone state, in October, 1805, and belonged to an old Penn- sylvania family. When a young man he went to Ohio, where he learned the plas- terer's trade, and it was there that he met and married Miss Harriet Dill. In the fall of 1832 he emigrate!] to Illinois and became me of the pioneer settlers of lulgar county, ■.vhere he followed his trade, together with farming, until his death, which occurred about 1S47. The mother of our subject died in Edgar county, Illinois, in 1S49. Her father was Benjamin Dill, who was a farm- er bv occupation and spent the greater i)art of his life in Ohio, Inil the last fifteen years he lived in this state. I-Jeared ujjon the honje farm in the midst of frontier scenes, Thomas M. Camerer ob- tained a meager education in an old log school house, where he jmrsued his studies for a few months. .\t the age of nineteen he commenced learning the trade of a cabi- net maker in his native county, but in 1856 turned his attention to the carjjcnter's trade, which he has followed ever since. For forty-one years he has now been a resident of Logan county, and is to-day one of its most prominent contractors and Iniilders. His son. John T.. is uow^ associated with him in business, and they employ from eight to ten men during the busy season. Mr. Camerer was married in i80() to Miss Marguerite McKee, a .laughter of John >rcKee, of .Atlanta, and to them were born four cliildren, but only two are now living, namely: John T.. who was born in 1864, and is now in p.artnersbi]) with his fa- ther; and I'earl. who was born in iS^f). In business affairs Mr. Camerer lias steadilv pros])ered, and has been a director of the .\tlanta .National Bank since 1896. He is the oldest Odd Fellow in the city. hi politics he is identified with the Repub- lican parlv, and his'felhnv citizens, recog- nizing his cajjabilities, have called u])on him to serve as super\'isor of Atlanta township three terms ; and alderman of the city of At- lanta two terms. He discharged the duties of both positions in a most creditable and satisfactory maimer. He is one of the lead- ing men of the city and is noted for his ])leasing manner and liberality. |(Jll.\ .Sl'lXKER. |i>hn .S])inker. a farmer and owner of twu hundred acres (jf rich farming land on section K), I'rairie Creek township, Logan county. Illinois, has been a resident of this county since i8C)7 and is recognized as (jiie of the prosperous citizens veml)er 16, 1897. Thus the cunmiunity lost one of its honored pioneers and valued citi:-;ens — a man whose labors had been of benefit in the upliuilding of the county and who throughout life was honored for his fidelity to high ])rinciples. The mother of our subject died in the village of [Macki- naw. Tazewell county, in 183^ She was the first wife of Daniel Judy, who was three times married. Our subject was their only child. The second wife bore the maiden name of Elizabeth hawing, and after her death Mr. Judy wedded Lydia -\. Cox, who died in i87(). There were no children by the third marriage, but six were l)orn of the second union, namelv : Mary Ann, wife of Hiram Moorehead, of Atlanta; Xancy El- len, wife of ]\I. P. Carlock, of Blooming- ton, Illin(.>is ; Jennie, who married J. B. Currw a scIkjoI teacher and farmer living near Atlanta; John H., a merchant and life insurance agent, of Bloomington ; [Martin \\'., deceased; and William Eord, who died in childhood. During his early boyhood da}'s James I. Judy pursued his education in the public schools of Eminence township, where he also worked in the fields through the sum- mer months. In 1853 he went io Cali- fornia, l)ut after remaining upon the Pa- cific coast for a year he returned to Illinois, settling in Atlanta, where he carried un general merchandising for one }-ear. He was there married in 1855. and for a short time continued to conduct his store, but soon remo^•ed to a farm at Boynton. Tazewell countv, which he had inherited 20 from his father. liis family resided there, while he de\oted much of his time to preaching the gos])el as a minister of the Christian church. He serxed his denomi- nation at Bo}'nton and in other places of Tazewell and Logan counties, and also did evangelical work throughout Illinois and Missouri for a period of thirty years. His influence was of no restricted order, and the grijwth of the church was largely promoted through his untiring efforts in behalf of Christianity as taught by the early disciples. In 189 J he took up his abode in Emden.. where he has since li\'eil, and, aside from his duties as justice of the peace and police magistrate, he is still cjuite actively engaged in church work. He has a nice ofiice, lo- cated on [Main street, and in administermg the la\\ is strictly fair and impartial, being biased by neither fear nor fa\-or. He still owns a farm of eight}- acres in Tazewell count}-, and the rental from this materially increases his income. He also owns most' of tlie Ijlock where his beautiful residence is located, in the northwest part of the \"illagc of Emden, known as [Malone addition, and is regarded as a leading and influential citi/;en of the town. In 1855 [Mr. Judy was united in the holy bonds of matrimou}- to [Miss Mary E. Campbell, of Kentucky, a daughter of G. B. and [Mary (Watson J Campbell, lioth of whom were natives of Kentuck}-. whence the}' remo\'ed westward in an early da\-, locating on a farm near Atlanta, where the\' spent the remainder of their days. Unto [Mr. and [Mrs. Judy ha\'e been born three children : Mary E., the widow of John P. [Malone. and a resident of Emden ; Charles A., who married Emma Cadwallader and resides in .\lda, Nebraska; and Daniel ^\'., who- died at the age of five years. In his political afifiliations Mr. Judy is a Republi- 368 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. can. Eotli lie and liis wife liold member- sliip in tlie Christian church at Eniden and are active in its work, cmisistently lalooring for its advancement and growtli. Tlieir man\- excellencies of character have won them tlie highest regard, and the circle of their friends is almost co-extensive with the circle of their acquaintance. STEPHEN O. PRICE. One of the honored early settlers of Logan county is Stephen O. Price, who re- sides on section 34, East Lincoln township. On coming to the township in 1867 he lo- cated on a tract of gcjvernment land which his father had previously bought at one dol- lar and a quarter per acre. A native of Illi- nois, he was born near Athens, Menard ccuntv. January 24, 1847, and is a son of William and Mary (Gibbs) Price, both na- tives of Alaryland. The Price family is of Scotch origin and was founded in Baltimore at an early day. On the maternal side our subject is of English ancestry. Leaving Baltimore in 1838, the father of our subject came to Illinois with teams, Ijut w alked most of the way. He had received a good com- mon school education, but was in limited circumstances on his arrival in this state. In early life he followed the millwright's trade, but later engaged in farming and in that occupation met with good success, lie- coming quite well-to-do. In manner he was (|uiet and unassuming, and was dev(:)ted to his home and family. He was married in Athens. Illinois, to Miss Mary Gibbs, and to them were born nine children, of whom three died in early childhood. Those now living are Elizabeth, a resident of Farmer City ; John Thomas, of Lincoln ; Stephen O., of this rexdew ; ^lary, wife of Henry England, of Sangamon countv; Charles, of Farmer Citv : and George, a farmer near Farmer City. Fn 1887 the father removed to DeW'itt county, wliere he died May 13, iSq2, at the age of se\-enty-eiglit years. The mother died ^la}' 11, 1894, at the age of seventy years. During his bcnliood and youth Stei)hen O. Price worked on his father's farm through the summer season and attended the district schools of the neighborhood in win- ter. He was married in Springfield, January 26, 1866, to Miss Ellen Cantrell, who was liorn in Sangamon countv, June 13, 1848, her jjarents being among its first settlers, as they located there in 181 8, coming from Kentuckv before there was a house in that city. Air. and Mrs. Price ha\e two children, namely: Emily, wife of Adolph Reed, of Bement, Illinois; William O., who is mar- ried and resides in Linc(jln, where he is em- ployed in a laundry. Both were educated in the district schools oi this county. When Mr. Price first came to Logan county his farm was raw prairie, without a tree or anything on it. He has transformed the place into one of the valuable farms of the count}- and is now among the older resi- dents of the township. Since 1899 he has had charge of the station on the Illinois Central Railroad known as Johnson's Switch, and is also agent for Spellman & Spitlex' in buxdng grain at that place. He has always enjoyed good health luUil recent years. His political support is always given the men and measures of the Republican ])arty, but he has ne\-er sought office. He serx'ed. howe\'er. as school director for sev- eral ^'ears, and has ex'er taken a commenda- able interest in public affairs. Sociall\- he is a member of Lincoln Lodge, No. 204, I. O. O. F., and religiously both he and his THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 369 wife hold membership in tlie Cliristian church. He is widely and favorably known tlirouglmut his section of the county, and justl}' merits the high regard in which lie is held. JACOB JUDY. ^^'ithout a doubt Jacob Judy is the oldest living pioneer of this sectirtn of the state, for here he has made his home for over seventy-seven years. He has, therefore, witnessed its entire development ; has seen its wild lands transformed into beautiful homes and farms: has seen villages and cities spring up and all of the interests and evidences of an advanced civilization intro- duced. In the work of progress he has borne his part and has been particularly active as a representative of the agricultural interests of the cinumunity. ]\Ir. Jud\' was born on the 9th of Janu- ary, 1804. in Greene county, Ohio, and is a son of Jacob and Xancy (Hatfield) Judy. The father was a \'irginian by birth, but was the only one of a family of ten children Ijorn in this countrv, Germany being the birthplace of the others. iMartin Judy, the ; grandfather of our subject, was also a na- tive of German}' and a farmer by occupa- tion. Our subject's father also made farm- ing his life wiirk. In his family were twelve children, of whom six are still liv- ing, namely: Xancy, Betsey, Martin, John, Jacob and ^^'inepart. Jacob Judy, of this re\iew, passed his boyhood and youth on his father's farm in the Buckeye state and received his educa- tion in the subscription schools of those early days. .\t the age of twent\- he came to Illinois, and located in Tazewell countv, where he made his home until 1862, when he remo\-ed to Logan county. He followed farming tpiite successfully until extreme old- age compelled his retirement, and he is now- spending his declining years in the city of Atlanta in the companionship of his estim- able wife and family, as well as a host of friends. Besides his farm property he owns many lots in that place. ^Ir. Judy has been twice married, his first wife being ]Miss ]\Iary A. Musick, a daughter of Robert Alusick, who was ;: farmer of Logan county in years gone by, and to them were born eleven children, namely: Sallie, deceased: X'ancv Tane ; Robert: Eliza: Lucinda : Henry: John, de- ceased : Annie : Hettie, deceased ; Alarv, de- ceased; and Mattie. This marriage was celebrated April 3, 1829, in Sugar Creek, and proved a happy union. ]\Irs. Judv died on the 9th of December, 1885. For over half a century she was a consistent and faith- ful member of the Christian church, liaving united with the same the year of her mar- riage. Mr. Judy was again married, in 1887, to Mrs. Mary .\. (Bruner) Hawes, a daughter of David and Xancy ( Hauser) Bruner, of Kentucky. Henry Jud\-, son of our subject, was a soldier of the Ci\il war. In politics Mr. Judy is now a Republi- can. He cast his first presidential ballot for J(jhn Ouincy Adams, and has \-oted at twenty presidential elections. On the or- ganization of the Old Settlers' Association he had the honor of being chosen jjresident, and held that otilice until ad\-ancing years necessitated his retirement. Few men in Illinois, if not in the United States, have the distinction, as he has, of being one of five living generations and the honor of being the grandfather of one hundred and seventeen grandchildren and great-grand- children. He anmmitted to her care. In tlieir after lives they will demonstrate the effect of her kind, gentle and wise go\ernment and ele\ating instruction, and look back to call her blessed. ]Mr. Jeckel has been honored by his fel- low townsmen in being elected to fill several ' if the offices of the township, the duties of which he has alwavs discharged in a man- ner highly creditable to himself and his con- stituents as well as beneficial to the com- munity at large. Since he cast his first vote Mr. Jeckel has always supported the principles and candidates of the Republican party, and is regarded as one of the rising young men of the township, who is destined to greater things in the future. Religiously he is a member of the Ger- man Lutheran churcli of Emden. while his wife is a member of the Christian church of the same \illage, and both are \ery active in church work, giving both time and money to the support of religious institutions and operations. They are highly respected and esteemed in both church and social circles, and their home is a pleasant gathering place for friends, who enjoy the genial hospital- it v shown Uj all who enter the gates of the Teckel estate. \\ILLIAM H. B. COOK. ^\'illianl H. B. Cook is one of that \'ast multitude now so rapidly passing to the great beyond, who. when theif coiuitry called them to free a nation from bondage, did not deem their lives too great a sacri- fice. "So nigh is grandeur to our dust. So near is God to man. When duty whispers low, 'Thou must,' The youth replies. T can." " William H. B. Cook, of Atlanta. Logan county, is one of a family of four children born to Aaron and Eliza C. (Small) Cook. .\aron Cook was a native of Maryland. On attaining manhood he entered the jjulpit and followed the ministry the greater part of his life, a credit to his native state till his death. The subject of this sketch was born in Maryland, February 3. 1842. In 1853 he moved to Logan county. Illinois, and at- tended the first school of Atlanta, receiving a good education there. \\"hen in his early teens he began working on a farm by the month, which he continued to do for six \ears until he entered the army. In 1862 he enlisted in the defense of the stars and stripes as a member of Company A, One 372 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Hundred and Se\-enteenth Illinois Volun- teer Infantry. He fought in the battles of Nashville. Red River, Louisiana, and Hel- ena, Arkansas, and took part in the capture of Vicksburg. He served throughout the entire war and was honorably discharged in 1865. In the spring of 1866 ]Mr. Cook engaged in farming in Mt. Hope township, McLean count)-, Illiniiis, on a farm of two hundred and t(irt\' acres, where he resided till i8(-)C), with the excoptinn of twn years spent in Vermilion county, Illinois. Then he estab- lished himself in the butcher's business in Atlanta. Ha\-ing only one competitor, Mr. Cook purchased his shop and conducted both meat markets, doing an extensive business in his line of trade up to August 20, 1901, when he sold nut. j\Ir. Cook was united in marriage, Oc- tober t6, 1865. with Miss Mary E. Bord- well, the accomplished daughter of Thomas Bordwell, who was a Xew Yorker by birth. Their union has been l)lessed with five chil- dren : Ernest E. : Clara G. ; Laura ; Winnie ; and Harriet, the eldest, who died when three years of age. !Mr. Cook and his family are members of the Methodist church. In poli- tics he is an uncompromising su]iporter of the Republican party. He is an lumored member of the (jrand Army of the Repub- lic and a man who is pr(iminent in the busi- ness, political, social and religious affairs of his comnumitv. PAUL S. FUSON. One of the most prominent and success- ful young business men of Lincoln is Paul S. Fuson, the present efficient secretary of the Lincoln Savings and Building Associ- ation. A native of Illinois, he was born in Champaign, Champaign county, on the 8th of I\Iay, 1876. His parents, Elias and Sarah ( Stanage) Fuson, were natives of \'irginia, and from that state remo\-cd to Ohio. In 1864 they came to Illinois, anil settled in Champaign county, where the father followed agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred in 1876. The luother died in Champaign in 1893. The earlv education of our subject was ac(|uired in the public schools. Subse- quently he attended Lincoln Uni\-ersit\' twi> ' terms, and then pursued a commercial : course at the Lincoln Business College. j After leaving school he accepted a position t as assistant clerk in the office of John S. Haller, then secretary of the Lincoln Sav- ings & Building Association. It was not long before lie thoroughlv mastered the busi- ness of the ofTfice, and in March, 1899, was appointed secretary, which responsible posi- tion he is -^till lining in a most cajiable and satisfactory manner. This association was ^ formed in 1883, the present otlicials being: J. B. Paisley, president; William Hunger- ford, vice-president; Thomas H. Stokes, treasurer; and Paul S. Fuson .secretar_\-. They commenced business in June of that }ear and ha\-e since been in successtul opera- tion, making loans in Lincoln and adjoining- towns. This is one of the safest and most conser\-ati\e corporations of the kind in the state, and has matured nineteen series. Air. Fuson assisted in organizing the Harts Medicine Company in November, 1900, and is now serving as its president. It is doing a successful business here. He is a wide- awake, energetic young business man, and will undoubtedly meet with excellent suc- cess in life. In May, 1900, Mr. Fuson was united in marriage w ith Miss Alary Kenyon. a daugh- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 375 tcr of Thomas W. Kenyon, of Lincoln. So- cially our subject is a member of Logan Lodge, Xo. 2IO. .\. F. & A. M. ; Lincoln Chapter. R. A. "SI. : and Constantine Com- mandery, K. T., Xo. 51: and politically is a stanch supporter of the Republican party. He has been elected to the city council from the third ward, although it is Demiicratic. and has taken cjuile an acti\e and commentl- able interest in public affairs. C.\RL r.. BEKEMEYER, LL. B. Prominent among the young and enter- prising citizens of ]\It. Pula.ski is numbered Carl B. Bekemeyer, who is now so credital)ly ser\"ing as city attorney and ti iwn clerk. He I was born in Springfield. Illinois, on the 4th f)f August. 1870, and is a son of \Mlliam B. and Amelia ( Schwarberg) Bekemeyer. who were natives of Germany and came tn the United States in 1849. The mother died in 1884, but the father is still living, and continues to make his home in Springfield, where he is engaged in mercantile business. Our subject passed his boyhood and yiuith in the Capital City, and in 1886 en- tered Carthage College, where he was grad- uated in 1892. He next took a course in the law department at the L^niversity of ^lichigan, ,\nn Arbor, and was graduated there in 1894, with the degree of LL. B. The following year was spent in the office I if Hnn. John ]\I. Palmer, at Springfield, and he was then with the firm of Conkling & Grout, prominent attornevs of that citv. for the same length of time. Forming a jiartnership with Charles .\. Keyes, master in chancery, he was engaged in the ])ractice of his chosen profession in Springfield for six months. At the end of that time Air. Bekemeyer came to Alt. Pulaski, and suc- ceeded to the business, of A. G. Jones, and old attorney of that place, who had recently died. He is a close and thorough student and lias already met with excellent success in his profession, ha\ing built up quite a large practice. His fellow citizens, recog- nizing his ability, have twice elected him citv attorney of Alt, Pulaski, and he is also serv- ing his third term as town clerk, to their entire satisfaction. Socially he is a menil>er of Alt. Pulaski Lodge, Xo. 154. I. O. O. F., and the Royal Circle. On February 6, 1896, he was united in marriage with Aliss Leah Betts. of Keokuk. Iowa, a daughter of Elijah and Lula ( Spangler) Betts. Air. Bekcmever has a pleasant home in the resi- dent di.strict in tJie north part of the city. CLAREXCE K. BLACK. Clarence K. Black, the well-known and popular agent of the Illinois Central Rail- road Company on the Peoria division at Lincoln, Illinois, claims Ohio as his native state, his birth ]ia\'ing occurred in Alorrow county on the 8th of Januarw 1852. His parents. John K. and Alary X. ( Xobie) Black, were also natives of the Buckeye state. His paternal grandfather, Daniel Black, came to the new world from Ireland in his eighteenth year, and married a Aliss Gardner, a native of Pennsylvania. The maternal grandfather, James X'olile, was a native of ^\'ashing■ton county, Ohio, and a farmer Ijy occupation. He wedded Aliss Alary Cook. During lioyhood Clarence K. Black ac- companied his parents on their removal to Harrison county, Ohio, and there attended the connnon scliools until 1869, when he 374 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. came tn Tazewell county, Illinois, and pur- sued his studies in the public schools there for a time. In 1874 he entered the employ of the Pekin, Lincciln & Decatur Railmad at Lincoln, and the following year went to Kirksville. Missouri, in the employ of the A\'abash Railroad. In 1876 he returned to Lincoln, and has since Iieen cimnected with the lllintiis Central Railroad, efficiently serv- ing as its agent at this place. During the quarter of a century that has passed since he entered the serxice many important clianges have been made in the road, and it is to-dav one of the leading railroads of the west. Air. Black was married in 1880 to Aliss Ollie Cox,_ of Lincoln, who is a nati\-e of Illinois and a daugliter of ]\Irs. Ellen Cox. Tliex' have a pleasant home on Xorth Kicka- poo street. In his political affiliations Air. Black is a stanch Republican, and in his social relations is a member of Alt. Pulaski Lodge, A. F. & A. M.\ the Chapter, R. A. Al.: and Alt. Pulaski Commandery, Xo. 39, K. T. In business be is prompt, obliging and courteous, and is not only held in high esteem by the people of Lincoln hut is a favorite with the traveling pulilic. LABAX HOBLIT. Pr<;inhnent among the successful and prosperous farmers of Atlanta township is Laban Hoblit, who is a native of Logan county, and is a rejM-esentative of one of its honored pioneer families, being a son of Lewis AI. and Evelyn (Haughey) Hoblit. His paternal grandparents were Samuel and Abigail (Downey) i loblit, both now de- ceased. They were among the first settlers of Atlanta townshi]x coming here from Ohio in the winter- of 1830-31, which was the memorable winter of the deep snow. The father of our subject was born here. Alarch 1 I, 183 1, and was the second son of his par- ents. He obtained his education in the coun- trv schools of the township, and after reach- ing man's estate devoted his entire time and attention to agricultural pursuits, in which occupation he met with marked success, be- coming one of the well-to-do farmers of his community. He was an up-to-date farmer, and at the lime of his death owned three hundred and forty acres of fine land. He was twice married, his first wife being Aliss E\-elyn Haughe_\', of AIcLean county, Illi- nois, who was born in Ohio, and died in 1875. The five children been con- tinued in the olifice of supervisor of Laenna township by the vote of the people, and is the present chairman of the board, which posi- tion he has held for two years. Unworthy men sometimes succeed in gaining office, but the\- can not maintain their hold upon a posi- tion which depends upon the franchise of tlieir fellow townsmen, and no higher testi- monial of ability, fidelity and personal worth W. F. HENN, CHAIRMAN OF BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 387 can be given than a statement of the fact that one has long continued in the pubUc service. ]\Ir. Henn is also well known as an enterpris- ing merchant, successfully conducting a hardware store in Latham, where by honora- ble business methods he has secured a liljeral patronage. L'pon a farm in Logan county Mr. Henn was born December 3, 1854, his parents be- ing Christian and Catherine ( Shumacher) Henn, buth of whom were natives of Ger- many and emigrated to the United States in 1852. They landed at Xew Orleans, and thence proceeded up the Mississippi river to a point on the Illinois shore, whence they drove across the country by the way of Springfield with horses and wagon to Logan county, settling first in I^ke Fork township. Avhere the father purchased ninety-one acres of land. There he continued to engage in agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred in 1858. The mother was thus left with the care of her five children and four children of Mr. Henn by a former mar- riage : Henry Christian, who became a sol- dier in the Civil war and died while in the service; Katherine, the wife of William Suedmyer : Johanna, who is the wife of J. 'M. Loetterly, of Carrollton, Nebraska; Net- tie, wife of Gottlieb Seyfer, now deceased; W'ilhelm F.. our subject; Christina, wife of W'ilhelm Hitzerman. of Long Prairie, Min- nesota; and ^largaret, wife of John Geyer. of Logan county. In the usual manner of farmer lads of the period W'ilhelm F. Henn spent his boy- hood. He worked in the fields through the summer season and in the winter months at- tended the district schools, later supplement- ing his early educational privileges by study in the schools of Mount Pulaski. When his education was completed iie learned the tin- ner's trade with C. R. Capps, of ]\I(iunt I'u- 21 laski. and later he was employed in the same line of business by George F. Reinhardt, of that city. In. March, 1877, ^^e came to La- tham and entered into partnership with George F. Reinhardt, establishing a hard- ware store, which they conducted for a year, at the end of which time Mr. Henn pur- chased his partner's interest and has since been sole proprietor. He carries a large and well-selected stock of shelf and hea\-y hard- ware, implements and farm machinery, and his well-known reliability in trade transac- tions, together with the durability of his goods, has secured to him a constantly grow- ing trade. On ]\ larch 20, 1878, Mr. Henn was uni- ted in marriage tO' ]\Iiss Mary .\. Wagner, of [Mount Pulaski, a daughter of Wilhelm and Christina ( Gessner ) A\"agner. Their children, three in number, are .\l\-in W.. Oscar O. and Larda Hulda. Both Mr. and Airs. Henn enjoy the warm regard of many friends. In his political affiliations he is a Democrat, and is justlv regarded as one of the most [jrominent members of the i)art\' in Latham. In 1884 li^ ^^as elected president of the \illage. and in 1880 he was elected a member of the board of education and ■ ser\'ed as its president to the present time. To the office of supervisor he was elected in 1890. and has since continued therein. His official career is without a shadow of wrong and has won him the high commendation of even those opposed to him politically. He is pul)]ic s])irite(l and progressive, manifest- ing- a loyal interest in every movement calcu- lated to prove of general good. His life has been a busy and useful one. in which he has realized the A-alue of earnest, honest labor in winning success, for it has 1>een along those lines that he has gained prosperity. Mr. Henn and his wife are members of the Lutheran church of Mount Pulaski. 388 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. JOHN B. DOWNEY. Among the prominent and usefnl citi- zens of East Lincoln township. Logan connty. IlHnois, is John B. Downey, who is the efficient road commissioner of the t(_^wn- ship of which he has been a resident since 1868. The birtii of Mr. Downey occurred April 18, 1848, in Warren county. Ohio, antl he is a son of Eleazar Downey, whose liome is still in that county, where lie is an l:onored resident, at the age of eighty-two vears. having been born in 1819. The mother of our subject, who was formerly Elizabeth Worley, died April 12, 1857, at the age of thirty years. A family of six children were born to the parents ; Charles \\".. who lived in Ohio and died at the age of twenty-two years; John B.. the sub- ject of this sketch; George, who is a farmer in Warren county, Ohio: William F.. who is a farmer in Kansas; Celia J., who is the widow of Frank Shawhan and lives in Ohio : and Syhan E.. who has been a resident of East Lincoln township, this county, since 1889. All of these children were educated in the common schools of Warren county, Ohio, the youngest ones being given collegi- ate advantages, and three of the sons be- came teachers. The father is a man of great intelligence and always encouraged all educational advancement. By trade he is a millwright, but also did some farming. Our subject comes of German stock on the paternal side and of Scotch-Irish on the maternal, a combination which has been both phvsically and mentally of benefit to him. His early education was acquired in the state of Ohio. During the winters he was a pupil there until twenty years old, while the summers were occupied with farm- ing operations. At the age of twenty years Mr. Downev left his home and came to Illi- nois and settled c)n a farm belonging to his father in East Lincoln township, Logan county. Here Mr. Downey married, and then located on the farm of one hundred and twenty acres in section 28, where he has made his home. This he has improved with modern buildings, and has made it not only one of the most valual)le but also one of the most attractive homes in this vicinity. Mr. Downey was married in 1872, in Logan county, to Miss Mary A. Rigg. who was born in Sangamon county, June 4, 1856. and whi> was educated in McDonough county. T(i this marriage has been born one daughter, — Fairy A., born in 1874, who is the wife of Elnathan Town, of Easton, and has two children. — Karl u. and Muriel. ]klrs. Town is a lady of manv graces of mind and person. She was thoroughly educated in Lincoln L'niversity and later took a course in music at the Wesleyan Lni\ersity, Bloomingtcm, possessing great musical gifts. In politics Mr. Downev has alwavs sup- ported the Republican party. For twenty- eight years he has been identified with edu- cational affairs in the county, and in the spring of 1901 he was made commissioner of rtmds. This election gives general satis- faction, as ]\Ir. Downey's thorough business methods are well known, and he enjoys the full confidence of the community. The fam- il\- connection is with the Methodist Episco- pal church, in which ^Ir. Downey is the recording steward of the Lincoln circuit. For nine years he was the superintendent of the Sunday-school, and has long been one of the generous and cheerful supporters of c\erv benevolent and charitable enterprise connected with the church. He is a thor- oughly self-made man. and has won his way to the prominent position he holds in the estimation of the communitv which has THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 389 learned to \-alue him for his integrity, hon- esty and his characteristics which make him a good friend, ick raising. There he tiled on the 16th of October, 1885. His widow is still living and now makes her home at No. 1 10 Water street, Lincoln. In their family were nine children, namely : Nicholas, a resident of Omaha, Nebraska; Mary A., wife of Pat- rick Ryan; Theresa C, deceased: Frederick I., a retired farmer of Lincoln; Anna A., who is li\ing with her mother in Lincoln ; Emery, who died in childhood; George H., our subject ; Jacob J., a resident of Chicago; and Louis A., of Lincoln. During his boyhood and youth George H, Huljbard attended school through the winter months and devoted his time and at- tention to the labors of the fields through- out the summer. He remained on the old homestead and had charge of the farm after his father's death until February, 1893, wlien he removed to Lincoln and embarked in the grain business, as a member of the firm of Hubbard Brothers & Company, but since March, i8g6, he has been connected with the Mt. Pulaski Grain Company and has made his home in Mt. Pulaski. This company was organized March 14, 1889, and the present officers are John Lincoln, president ; Andrew Eisiminger, vice-presi- dent; and George H. Hubbard, secretary and treasurer. They do cpiite an extensive business and ship their grain principally to Chicago and New Orleans. In 1893 Mr. Hubbard was united in mar- riage with Miss ]\Iary A. O'Connor, of Lo- , gan county, a daughter of John O'Connor, and to them have been born five children : Anna, deceased; Nicholas L.; John F. ; Paul ; and George H., Jr. Fraternally Mr. Hubbard is a member of Alt. Pulaski Lodge. No. 454, I. O. O. F. In 1900 he was elected a member of the school board for a term of three years, and is now most creditably filling that office. His strict in- tegrity and honorable dealing in business commend hini to the confidence of all ; his pleasant manner wins him friends, and he is one of the popular and honored citizens of Mt. Pulaski. \MLLIAM ALENANDER PEGRAM. The subject of this sketch, a well-known retired farmer of Lincoln, was born on the 16th of January, 1824, in Dinwiddle county, Virginia, and is a son of William B. and Sarah E. (\\"alker) Pegram, who were also natives of the Old Dominion. The father died in 1881, at the age of eighty-two years, and the mother departed this life at Lincoln in 1886, at the age of eight3'-four. Her 390 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. father fought for American independence in the Re\'ohitionary war. Our subject's pa- ternal grand tailier belonged to an old Vir- ginian family. William A. Pegram is one of a family of seven children, all of whom lived to be grown, and six of the numl>er still survive. He was principally educated in private schools of Kentucky and Illinois, coming to this state in 1835. On starting out in life for himself, he engaged in farming near Carrollton, Greene county. Illinois, for a time, and later spent eight years at Monte- zuma. Pike county. In 1857 he came to Lincoln. Logan count}', and found this region almost an unbroken prairie. He. with father and brother, B. B. Pegram. pur- chased a tract of fi\-e hundred and sixty acres of land in Chester township, and at once turned their attention to the improve- ment and cultivation of this place, trans- forming it into three fine farms. He still owns two hundred and forty acres of land, \vhic'i lip r?nts, one hundred and si.xty acres of which was in the original purchase, while he m i\\ li\es a retired life in Lincoln, enjoy- ing a well-earned rest. He has a nice home at Xo. 506 Tremont street, which he bought in 1870. On the 3d of July. 184Q, Mr. Pegram wedded Miss Martha W'lwd Pegram. of Greene ci unity, who was a nati\'e of Ken- tucky, and a daughter of Dr. John C. Pe- gram. a physician of Carrollton. Illinois. Unto them were born twelve children, six stms and six daughters, namely : George, deceased: Blanch, wife nf .Vndrew Lax- man; \'irginus. \\hi> died at the age of eigliteen : William .\.. Jr.. who died at the age of ten vears : T. Lincoln, a merchant ot Decatur. Illinois: Samuel Mar-hall, also of Decatur, Illinois: Edwartl. who died in in- faiicv : Carrie, deceased: Helen, wife of Hon. L. B. Stringer, state senator from t! is district; Mary, wife of E. W. Curry, of Cloomington : Edith, wife of William Duff, a farmer of Logan county ; and Virginia, at home. The mother of these children died in 1877, and for his second wife Mr, Pe- gram married Miss Sarah Martin, \vliii was then living in Lincoln, and by this union he has one son. William A,, at home. Although past the allotted three score years and ten. being now se\ent\'-se\'en years of age. Air, Pegram is still hale and hearty, and has the vigor of a much younger man. He has always taken an active inter- est in pulilic affairs, especially along educa- tional lines, and has served as a member of the school l^oard and trustee of the schorn I'^eb- ruar\- 5, 1855, and grew to womanhocid in Atlanta, where she recei\'ed her education. As a result of her marriage with Mr. Old- aker she has become the mother df the fol- lowing children: Maud B.. born June 19. 1880; Ethel M., born Octolier 21. 1HS2: Jessie I., born October 6, 1884; William C. born April 9, 1887; Elma F.. born Septem- ber 3. 1890; James L.. born March 16. 1893 ; and George W.. born December 20. 1894. All of these children reside at home. Mrs. Oldaker is a member of the Christian church and takes an actixe interest in church Avork. In politics our subject is a Reiniblican, Init has never cared for political honors. He is a farmer first and above all else. His success is due to his own well-directed ef- forts, and now that he has reached old aee he can live retired frdui the more acti\-e duties of life. BENJAMIN K. GADDIS. Benjamin E. Gaddis. who since attain- ing his majority has been a resident of Emi- nence township, is a native of Ohio, born in Clinton county on the Jith of .\pril, 1844, and is one of a family of seven children whose parents were David I!, and Priscilla ( Elliot ) (jaddis. The jjaternal grand- father, William (iaddis. also had a family of seven children. David B. Gaddis was born in I'ennsylvania. in 1809. and was reared on a farm in that state, receiving a good education in the country schools. Later he removed to Ohio, where he followed farm- ing until called to his final rest in 1889. His wite died in 185 i. .^lie was a daugh- ter of Benjamin Elliot, who was a repre- sentative of one of Pennsyh-ania's first fam- ilies, and spent his entire life as a farmer in that state. For his .second wife Mr. Gaddis married Mrs.. Mary A. ((iabel) P.rvan, in 1859. During his boyhood and \iiuth I'.enja- min E. Gaddis attended sclniol and assisted in the work of the home farm, remaining under the parental roof until twent\--one }"ears of age. when he came to Logan coun- ty, Illinois, and commenced work bv the month in Eminence townshi]). Ide was thus employed until i866, when he pur- chased a tract of land in that township, con- sisting of eighty-four acres. To' this he has gradually added until he now owns two 392 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. hundred and sixty acres, upon which he has made many useful and vakiable improve- ments, and now has one of the most desir- able farms of its size in the neighborhood. Mr. Gaddis was married, December 12, 1865, to Miss Margaret Niblick, a daughter of Thomas Niblick, who came to this state from Tennessee in 1852 and located in Lo- gan county. She died on the 26th of Feb- ruary, 18O9, lea\-ing two children, namely: Josephine and William, who are still living. On the 26th of December, 1872, Air. Gaddis Avas again married, his second union being with Miss ]\Iary E. Gilchrist, a daughter of David Gilchrist, who is now living a retiretl life in Lir.joln. This union lias been blessed with four children: Nellie AI. ; David, who died in 1878, aged two years: Robert C. ; and Clifford B. ;\Ir. Gaddis and his family are meml)ers of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and in politics he is identified with the Demo- cratic party. He is well known through- out the county as a straightforward, reliable man, whose word is considered as good as his bond, and he well merits the high regard in which he is held. ADAM SCHONAUER. Adam Schonauer, one of the leading and influential farmers nf East Lincoln township, is a man whose worth and ability have gained him success, honor and public confidence. He enjoys the well-earned dis- tinction of being what the public calls a "self-made man." and an analyzation of his character reveals the fact that industry, en- terprise and well-directed efforts ha\-e lieen the essential features in his prosperity. Mr. Schonauer was born October 4, 185 1, in Berks county, Pennsylvania, of which county his parents, John and Sally A. (Epling) Schonauer, were also natives. There the father followed farming until his death, which (jccurred in 1861. The mother is still living, at the age of sixty- nine years, and makes her home in Read- ing, Pennsylvania. Our subject, who is the nnl_\- child of the family, was reared and educated in the countv of his uativitv, and remained on the home farm until 1872, when he came west. -After spending a short time in Danville,' Illinois, he went to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he clerked in a hardware store for eighteen numtlis and had an excellent oppor- tunit}- to learn the business. He ne.xt went to St. Louis, Missouri, and engaged in har- vesting as a binder between that place and St. Paul. In the fall of 1876 Mr. Schonauer came to Logan county, Illinois, where he was first emploved as a farm hand for eighteen months, and then rented land, which he op- erated quite successfully for three years. Having saved some monev, and with a little help from his mother, he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land on section 26, East Lincoln township, which he has since fullv improxxd, tiling the land and erecting a good set of farm buildings there- on. He has been very successful as a man- ager, and has steadily prospered in his farming and stock raising. Formerly he fed quite a large amount of stock for mar- ket. On the 13th of March, 1881. was cele- brated the marriage of Mr. Schonauer and ]\liss Lena Stoll. who was born in Aetna township, this county, Alarch Q, 1861. Her parents, George and Margaretta Stoll, set- tled here when this was all wild prairie, and are now residents of Chester township. Of THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 393 tlie ten cliildren born to Mr. and Mrs. Schtinauer two died in early childhood, and Amanda died Jaiiiiary i, 1900, at the age of eighteen years. Those living are George, Clara, Amelia, Albert, John, Obe- cliah and Sail}- A., who are being educated in the common schools of East Lincoln township. Air. Schonauer has taken quite an active and prominent part in public affairs, Ijut has ne\-er been a ptilitician in the sense of office seeking. He votes for the men whom he believes best qualified for office. Llis fel- low citizens, recognizing his worth and abil- ity, elected him supervisor, and for several years he was an influential member i>f the county board, being chairman of the road and bridge committee and also the pauper committee, and was a member of the com- mittees on finance, poor farm and printing. He takes great interest in educational affairs, and has efficiently served as school director during his entire residence in East Lincoln township. Religiously he and his wife are members of Zion Lutheran church. Of a jovial disposition, he makes many friends and is held in high regard by all who know HARAI KLOKKENGA. Harm Klokkenga, the owner of one hun- dred and sixty acres of good farming land on section 32, Orvil township, Logan county, Illinois, has lived in tliis county since 1873. He is a native of Germany, haxing been born in that country on jMarch 3. 185 1, and is the son of Henry and Lizzie Klokkenga, both of whom are natives of Germany, where the father was a laborer all his life and where both he and his wife died. There were onlv two of the children of this fanuly who came to America, our subject and a brother Joest, the latter making the trip in 1881 and settling upon our subject's present farm, where he lived a few years. He then remo\'ed tij Cumberland county, Illinois, where he now lives and is engaged in farming. Our subject was married in (ierman_\- to !Miss ]\Iary Harms, and ten children have been born to them, namel_\- : Henry, who married Alartha Fink and resides on a farm in Or\-il township; Harm, who married Katie Aper and lives in Orvil township ; Albert, who resides at home; Nanke, at home; Lizzie, at home; Tina, wife of Ru- dolph Kasebier, of Orvil township; Annie. Allie, Mattie and Harr}-, all at home. In 1873 our subject and fanfily came to America and landed in Xew York, whence they came direct to Logan count\'. Jllinois. where he worked for two years on a farm near Emden. He then settled on what is known as the old Carnahan farm, in Or\-il township, where he lived for se\en }ears. after which he leased a farm three miles south of Emden and lived there nine vears and also held another lease in this township for five years. He then purchased his present farm on section 32, known as part of the old Betzelberger farm, where he now owns one hundred and si.xty acres of excellent farming land. ]\Ir. Klokkenga also is the owner of five acres of timber land in Emi- nence township, this county. In politics he is a Democrat, and both he and his wife are members of the German Lutheran church of Emden, this county. The farm owned by our subject is a fine one. He ne\-er has a failure of crops, and he and his sons conduct all the operations. The home of the fanfih- is a verv comfortable one and they dispense a genial hospital it_\' to all who become their guests. 394 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. IXWID X. CHESTXL'T. David X. Chestnut, junior member of the prosperous firm of Stumpf & Chestnut, hardware merchants, was born in Prairie Creek township, Logan count}-, Illinois, ]\Iarch -'3. 1869. His father, Thomas J. Chestnut, was born in the Buckeye state, of which his father. Alexander R.. was als) a native. Thomas J. Chestnut received a common school education, and under his father's able instruction and industrious ex- amjile developetl into a substantial and prac- tical farmer. He eventually settled in Prairie Creek township. Logan county, Avhere he is one of the must pmniinent and liel])ful citizens of his locality and an agri- culturist of means and jirogressix-eness. Having a keen appreciation of the advan- tages of a good education and business training, he placed e\er\- available advan- tage in the way of iiis son David, desiring liim to become a permanent fixture of the commercial world and a careful, conserva- tive man of Inisiness. His education, which was begun in the common schools of Logan county, was later supplemented by a course in the Lincoln Business College of Lincoln. Immediately afterward he returned to Xew Hollantl and was employed by L. Burchett. the confidence of whom he was not slow in gaining, and who was himself a sound busi- ness man with the gootl sense to appreciat'i the capable ser\ice of his enthusiastic assist- ant. Mr. Chestnut rapidly rose to a knowl- edge of the business. li\ed w ithin his income and laid by sufficient money to eual)le him in iSi)T, to form the partnershi]) which has since pro\'ed ''iich a wise forethought ami practi- cal proposition. The stock on hand con- sists of hardware, agricultural implements, ^vagons and buggies, and contains all mod- ern and late devices f(.)r labor sax'ing. Aside from being a successful firm and con- ducting a large and increasing business, the methods pursued are such as to command the fullest public confidence, and the genial atmosphere dominating the place are added inducements for a speedy return of pur- chasers. Mr. Chestnut is personall_\- popu- lar with all classes in his district, and is preeminent in pi.ditics, being a member of the Republican partv. ^MARSHALL A. CR.VXE. Marshall A. Crane, a resident of section 8, township ij. range i, Lake Fork town- shi]>. Logan count}-, was born in Preston county. West \'irginia, September 18. 1848, and is a son of Elisha and Mary Ann ( Fike) Crane, both parents being at present resi- dents of Lincoln. Illinois. The father was Ijorn in the same county in 1826 and there grew to n-ianhood and was married. In 1856 lie and his wife moved to Elkhart, Illinois, * Ijut later located in Corwin township, Lo- gan county, in 1859. Here the familv re- sided until aliout 1883, when renio\-al was made to Lake Fork township, where the idea came to Mr. Crane of draining the lake and making fine farming land of this large tract. The more he considered it the more plausible the \-eiiture seemed, although he met many discouragements fron-i his neighl)i.>rs. Xevertheless he persistetl, put in scrapers, dug out trees, introduced tiling, and by 1891 he had proved that his idea was not only practicable but that it was accom- ' plished. The land comprised originally some one thousand acres, and at one time ^Fr. Crane ow-ned some two thousand acres, but he has retained onlv three hundred. Some complications arose liy which he lost a MARSHALL A. CRANE. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 397 portion of liis land, Init he retained the lake, and that proved the restoration of his for- tune. At one time he owned, and kept for breeding purposes nearly twO' hundred cows and heifers and has fed between three hun- dred and four hundred head of steers for the market. He and his wife now live re- tired. While in Corwin township he was elected on the Republican ticket and held the office of super\-isor for a number of years, .ser\-ing as chairman of the board a part of the time. He and his wife are memjjers of the Methodist Episcopal church. ^larshall A. Crane, of this biography, was educated first in the common schools of his district, but later enjoyed three years at the Wesleyan University, Bloomington, Illinois. After his college days ended he returned t(.) the nld liduie, and is now the owner of two hundred and si.xty-six acres of the iiriginal property, and has put in all of the improvements which make this one of ilie most valualile farms iif the tnwnship. He carries on general farming and stock raising and has one of the finely improved and most beautiful homes in the l Mason county, Illinois, making his lidUie nine miles nnrtheast of Havana until he abandoned farming in 1890. He then re- moved to Pekin and after two years took up his abode in the village of Hartsburg. where linth he and his wife are still living, being among the most highly respected citi- zens (if the town. One child died in infan- cv and the other members of their family were: Barney R., of this sketch: George a farmer li\-ing in Mason count)-, Illinois; Benjamin, who is li\ing on the old home- stead in that count}-: Annie, the wife of Henry Leesman, a resident farmer of Harts- burg; Katie, wife of Hiram Leesman, of Mason county ; Henrf\', a resident farmer of the same county: and Tony, a well known agriculturists of Mason county. Mr. Behrends of this sketch spent the first ten years of his life in the fatherland and then accompanied his parents on their 398 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. emigration to the United States.- He pur- sued hi.s education in tlie public schools of both countries and remained at home with his father until his marriage, which >vas celebrated in 1875, Aliss Maggie Feddinga becoming- his wife. She was born in Ger- many and her parents. Air. and Mrs. Klaas Feddinga, never left their nati\e Hanover. Mrs. Behrends was called to her tinal rest July 3, 1898, leaving ti\-e children, namely: Klaas. John. Jurn, .\nnie and Barnev. ]\Ir. Behrends was again married, in kjoo, his second union being- with Miss Jennie Groen. of Pekin, Illinois, a daughter of Richard Groen, who is now engaged in blacksmith- ing in Pekin. There is- one chikl liy this marriage, Althea Tillie. I\Ir. Behrends began his domestic life on the Scull\- land on section 14, Or\il town- ship, where he leased eighty acres, ccmtin- uing- its cultivation for seven years. He then removed to section 23 — a tract of one hundred and si.xtv ;icres of the Scull\- land, and there he made his home for six years after which he removed to his present farni. Here he purchased one hundred and si.xtv acres known as the old Bruner farm, and with characteristic energv he began its de- velopment and improvement. As the years ha\-e passetl he has atkled to the propertv and he now has here three hundred and fifty acres of land, all of which is in Or\-il town- ship. He carries on general farming and has a \aluabk' ])lace, the carefull}' cultixated fields yielding- him golden harvests which year after year enable him to add to his capital. He is also president of the Bank of Hartsburg, which is recognized as a re- lialile financial institution and is already re- ceiving a good patronage. In 1880 Mr. Behrends introduced the first steam powiT threshing machine in the township and still owns a machine which is now operated bv his sons. In 1900 the farmers of Lone Tree School District established a telephone com- pany under the name of the Lone Tree Tele- phone Company with connection at Harts- burg with the Mutual Company. In his political views Mr. Behrends was formerly a Democrat but is now a Republi- can, and he keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day. He has ser\ed as road commissitnier in his town- i-hi]) f(ir six years, and for thirteen years was school director, rendering effective sev- ■\ -.ce in behalf of the cause of education. Both he and his wife are members of the German Reformed church of Pekin. and are ])eople of the highest worth, their many excellent ir;iiis of heart and mind gaining for theni unqualifield respect. Whatever success Mr. Behrends has achie\-ed is attributed to his Lwn efforts and the example should serve as a source of encouragement and inspira- tion to the young, showing what can be ac- complished tlu-dugh strong purpose and hon- orable methods. PROF. HERBERT ORAL MERRY. Professor Herbert Oral Merry, instruct- 'ir in \iolin and orchestral music at Lincoln L'niversity, was born in Farmer City. De- W'itt county, Illinois, January 7, 1872, and is a son of l\;ili)h W. and Polly R. ( l'"arr) Merry, both of whom are natives of Can- ada, the former born in 1838, and the latter in 1844. By trade the father is a blacksmith and followed that occupation a number nf years. In 1887 he remo\-ed with his family to Lincoln, and here he and his wife still reside. Professor Merry attended the public schools of Deland until he was fifteen vears THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 399- of age, when he came with his parents to Lincoln, after which lie spent ii\e years in the schools here, graduating from tlie high school in class of 1S92. He had presinusly begun the study of the vionin, taking lessons of a local teacher at the age of eleven. In 1887 he entered the musical department of the Lincoln LTniversiay, where he tnnk near- ly two years" work under Professor Eckerl, a gmduate of Berlin L'ni\'ersity, who was at that time teacher nf piano and \iiilin in the college. Later he studied under Professor Cheeseman and Hersey, the latter of whom was a graduate of the Ro^al Conser\-atory at Leipsic, Ciermany, and was at that time teacher of violin at the Illinois W'esleyan L^niversity, Bloomington, where Professor Mei''r\- \\as graduated in 1892, after which he continued his study there till 1893. In 1890 he commenced teaching music, Iia\ing classes at Elkhart, W'illiamsville and Lincoln. In 1895 he was chosen violin teacher in Lincoln University by its board of trustees, and has filled that position to their entire satisfaction ever since. Besides being an acci)m])lished xiolinist, he is also an efficient band man and director. Un- der his care his department of the cullege of music has been materially built up, and at present has a very important place in the university, both the band and orchestra be- ing connected with it. Professor Merry has composed a number of pieces for band and orchestra, but has never ]mblislied them. On the 26th of December, 1894, he was united in marriage with ]Miss Maude Tandy, of Lincoln, wIki was born in Carrc.illton, (jreene cnuntv, lllinnis. in 1874, and is a daughter of Walter S. and Julia ( Ereer) Tandy, also natives of this state. Bv this uniijn there ha\'e Ijcen born three children, namely: Tlielma I'., Paul, and Halcyone. The Professor is a prominent and acti\-e member of the Christian church, and is one of its untiring workers. He is director of its choir ; has served as superintendent ot the .Sunday school four vears ; and is presi- dent of the East Lincoln township of the Logan County Sunday School Association. He is also vice-president from Logan county of the Illinois Music l^eacbers Association, and a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. The Professor and Mrs. Merry stand high in the nuisical and social circles of Lincoln, where they ha\-e made man\' warm friends. DAVID J. GILCHRIST. Da\'id J. Gilchrist, one of the most en- terprising and up-to-date farmers of Emi- nence township, has spent his entir-e life in Logan county, and throughout his business career has lieen acti\'elv identified with her agricultural interests. He was born in Or- vil township, in March, 1850, and is one of a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters. His father, Da\id (jil- christ. is a native of Scotland, born in Kirk- cudbrightshire. December 21, 1813. and is a son of William and Jane (Clarke) Gilchrist. He was given a good education and re- mained under the parental roof until reach- ing man's estate. In the spring of 1842 he came to the United States, and after spend- ing three years in Bristol county. Rhode Island, he came to Logan county. Illinois, and was successfully engaged in farming in Or\il township until 1881. Being indus- trious and enterprising as well as a man of good business and executive ability, he pros- pered in his undertakings and is to-day the owner of eleven hundred acres of valuable land under a hiHi state of cultivation. He 400 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. was in limited circumstances on coming to this country, and through his own unaided efforts he has met witl: remarkal^le success. Before lea\-ing Scotland he was married, in June. 1839, to Miss Helen McMath, who died in Xovember, 1858, leaving seven chil- dren, and he subseciuently wedded Airs. Marx yinvr. widow of Edward Marr, who came to America from Scotland in i860 and died in Lincoln, Illinois, three years later. Two children blessed this union. The father was reared in the Presbyterian faith, and has long been an active member of that church, serving as ruling elder for several years. He is now living a retired life in Lincoln. The early education of our subject was acquired in the public schools of Orvil town- ship, and. he was reared under his father s watchful eye. Being thoroughly familiar with every department of farm work, and being ambitious to succeed, he started out in life fur himself in 1870 by operating a rented farm in Orvil township, and in that way accumulated a snug sum of mone}-. In the S])ring of 1877 he purchased eighty acres of his present farm of two hundred and .seven acres of land on sections ig and 30, Eminence township, and here he has re- sided for the past twenty-four }'ears. It is an up-to-date farm, impro\'ed with a good, modern residence and substantial barns and outbuildings, and everything about the place sh(j\\s conclusi\-elv that the owner is a man of good business abilit^v and that he thor- oughly understands the vocation which he follows. On the 14th of March, 1877, Mr. Gil- christ was united in marriage with ]\Iiss Katherine E. Seibert, a daughter of one of Eminence township's most distinguished farmers, Jacob Seibert, who was born in Champaign county, Ohio, in 1832, and was a resident of Logan county, Illinois, from 1862 up to the time of his death, which oc- curred in February. 1898. Mrs. Gilchrist was born in Ohio, June 23, 1857, and was five years old when Ijrought by her parents to this county, where she grew to woman- hood, receiving a first-class education in its schools. Mr. and Mrs. Gilchrist ha\e seven children, whose names and dates of birth are as follows: Myrtle M., April 29, 1878: Ellis LeRoy. September lO, 1879; Ethel B., August 13, 1881 : George E., ]March 22. 1884: P. Lavelle. September 24, 1887: Mary H., November 17, 1889; and Bernice C. June 10. 1893. Myrtle M. died October 9, 1901. She was the wife of Gil- Ijert Powell, of Tazewell county. Mr. Gilchrist and his famil}- are mem- bers of the Cumberland Presbyterian church and they ha\e a wide circle of friends and acquaintances throug'iout the county. He uses his right of franchise in support of the Republican part}- and its principles, and ne\-er withholds his aid from any enterprise which he belie\-es will pro\-e of pul)lic bene- fit, being one of the most public-spirited and ])rogressi\-e citizens of Eminence township. \MLLIAM T. RITTER. For a quarter of a century this gentle- man h.as been an honored resident of Lin- coln, and as a florist he is now identified with lier business interests. Like manv of her best citizens, his early home was in the south, for he was born on a farm in Fa}'ette county, Kentucky, Xovember 28, 1834, a son of James and Rebecca (W'oodgate) Ritter. who were also natives of that state, the former born in Jessamine count\', the latter in Fayette county. They spent their entire li\es in Kentuckv. the father being THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 401 engaged in fanning ami ilatboating duwn the Mississippi ri\-er to Xew Orleans. Our subject's paternal grandfather, Conrad Ritter, was a (jerman by birth, and emi- grated to the United States when young. His wife l)ore the maiden name of Hannah Baile}'. The maternal grandfather ni our subject was Jonathan W'oodgate. who was born in \'irginia and at an early day re- moved t(_) Kentuck)-. He was a soldier in the Black Hawk war. The public scho(jls oi Lexington, Ken- tucky, afforded our suliject his early edu- cational ad\antages. After leaxing school he learned the carpenter's trade and was em- ployed in the construction of plantation houses first as a journeyman and later as a contractor. In i8d4 he came to Illinois, and lived for a time in Lincoln and later in Mason City. Subse(|uently he spent two years at Springfield, Missouri, where he erected a hotel and business block and also built a hotel in Pierce City, that state. He erected three large Ijuildings in Xeosha, the countv seat of Xewton countv. Mis- souri, and was the architect for the court house at Benton ville. Arkansas, in 1871. The following two years were spent in Shell)y county, Kentuck}-, and one summer was passed at Bedford, Inwa. In 1S76 Mr. Ritter returned to Lincoln and became connected with the Illinois Asy- lum for Feeble Minded Children, ]ia\-ing charge of all the machinery and the repair- ing of all the buildings. In 1897 '''^ erected a barn upon the farm, which was blown down in a storm, killing" six of the bovs who had sought shelter there. ]Mr. Ritter was in the emjiloy of the institution while it was under the management of Dr. Williur for ten years ; Dr. \\". B. Fish, se\-eral }'ears : Dr. Miller, of Lincoln, two years : and Dr. J. W. Smith, till April. 1897. the last named lia\-ing Ijeen appi.iinted superintendent by Go\-ernor Tanner. Since severing his con- nection with the asylum in 1897, our sub- ject has devoted his attention to horticulture, and is now doing a successful business as a florist. He has erected large green houses, having ten thousand feet of glass, and deals in both cut flowers and plants, his wife hav- ing charge of their sale. In 1859 Mr. Ritter married ]\Iiss Eliza- beth Richardson, a native of Spencer county, Kentucky, and a daughter of Peter and Rost ( AIcAllister ) Richardson, who were also born in Kentuck}-. Eight children Ijless this union, namely: Fanny, at home: Monroe J., a resident of Lincoln; Xora. wife of lu- lius Goldsmith, of Chicago; Edward E., a contractor and Iniilder of Lincoln: Rosa, wh(j as a compositor is engaged in maga- zine work in Chicago; Maud, wife of Rob- ert Dana, of Lincoln ; William, a black- smith of Lincoln; and Pearl, at home. The family residence is at 846 South State street. Socially Air. Ritter is a blaster Mason. ha\ing lieen a member of that organization since 1857. and politically he is a stanch supporter of the Democracy. For four vears he was a member of the city council of Lin- coln. His pulilic serx'ice has been most ex- emplar}-, and his pri\-ate life has been marked bv the utmost fidelitv to dutv. JOHX O. AIASOX. John O. ]\Iason, now li\-ing- a retired life in Mt. P\daski. is a \-eteran of the Ci\'il w ar and bears an honorable record for brave ser\-ice in the cause of freedon-i and union, and in the paths of peace he has also won an en\-iable reputation through the sterling (jualities which go to the making of a good 402 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. citizen. He was liorn in Alt. Pulaski, July 21, 1837, \vhen that \-illage was only a year old, as it was laid out and platted in 1836. His parents, William and Elizabeth (Stone- house) Mason, were born, reared and mar- ried in Leeds, England, and emigrated to the L'nited States in 1830, locating in Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania. They spent a short time in that city and then removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and from there to Springfield, Illi- nois. In 1836 they settled in Logan county, where they continued to make their home throughout the remainder of their lives. In his native land the father had served an ap- prenticeship to the carpenter's trade, and on the expiration of liis term was presented 1)y his employer with a kit of tools, containing two hundred different kinds — everything needed in his line of work. This kit he Ijrought with him to America, and locating in ]\It. Pulaski he opened a shop, which he conducted for a time. Sul)se(|uently he pur- chased a farm of one hundred and sixty acres three miles northwest of the village, and devoted the remainder of his life to ag- ricultural pursuits. He died July 30, 1843, and his wife, who long sur\-ived him, passed away on the 23rd of March, 1870. In poli- tics he was an old-line Whig. This worthy couple had a famil}- of eight children, five of whom were born in Eng- land, and two in Philadelphia, our subject being the only one born in tliis county. Their names and dates of birth are as follows : George, August 19, 1819; Christopher, Oc- tober 2, 1820; Thomas, February 7, 1823; Jane E.. July 13, 1825; Margaret S., Au- gust 13, 1827: Isabella, August 4, 1830; Elizabeth. June i, 1835; and John O., June 21, 1837. The subject of this sketch began his edu- cation in a log school house which stood on the bank of Salt creek, his first teacher being Re\-. David Bunn, a Universalist preacher. Later he attended school in Mt. Pulaski for three terms. He remained on the home farm until he was eighteen years of age and then commenced work at the carpenter's trade, be- ing thus empIo_\-ed when the Civil war broke out. On the 30th of October, 1861, Mr. Ma- son enlisted in Company B, Thirty-second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, under Colonel John Logan, a cousin of General John A. Logan. \\'ith his comn:and he was sent to Bird's Point, Missouri, in January, 1862, and later took part in the battles of Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Pittsburg Landing or Shiloh, and the siege and capture of Cor- inth. He participated in the battles of Hatchie's Run, in October, 1862, after which the command was sent to Fort Gibson, ha\'ing marched from Grand Gulf, Mis- sissippi, to help guard the gulf. In June, 1863, they were ordered to Vicksburg, and were in the rifle pit seventeen days. After the surrentler of Vicksburg they marched to Black River, where they engaged General Joe Johnston and drove him back across Pearl River. They then returned to \'icks- burg. Later the regiment \-eteranized at Natchez, Mississippi, and in 1864 ]\Ir. Ma- son was honorably discharged and returned home with a war record of which he may be justh- proud. For fifteen years he conducted a restaurant in Mt. Pulaski, and since then has lived a retired life, enjoying a well earned rest. Mr. Mason was married October 30, 1878, to Miss Delila Murray, of Mt. Pu- laski, who died November 24, 1893, and in i8c)6 he was married again, his second union being with Miss Jessie Evans, of the same jilace. Politically he has always been a stanch Republican, and favored Abraham Lincoln's election to the United States sen- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 403 ate in 1858. and twice voted for him for president. He also \'oted for Ricliard Yates, tlie war go\ernor, and for iiis son in 1900. Fraternally he is an lionored member of Sam Walker Post. Xo. 205, G. A. R., of Mt. Pulaski, in which he has served as quar- termaster for thirteen years and is senior vice-commander at the present time. HON. EDWARD D. BLINN. Edward D. Blinn, one of Lincoln's most successful lawyers, who holds a leading place among the members of the Logan countv bar, was born on the uth of Sep- tember, 1844, in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, of which state his parents, Charles and Le- fee H. (Harrington) iSlinn, were also na- tives. His paternal grandfather, James Blinn, was born in \'ermont, but early moved to Canada with his parents and there spent his life, his time and attentiijn being de\'oted to farming. His ancestors came to this country from England during colonial days and were among the early settlers of New England. Our subject's maternal grandfather was \^'illiam Harrington. Mr. Blinn acquired his education in the public schools and an academv of his native town, and later took up the study of law in Cincinnati, Ohio, being admitted to the bar in that city in 1866. The same year he came to Lincoln, Illinois, and opened an ofiice for the practice of his chosen profes- sion. He has been eminently successful and is to-day one of the best known country lawyers in the state. He served three years as president of the court of claims of the state, in which office he acquitted himself with marked ability. ]Mr. Blinn has also been actively identified with various public enterprises, among which may be mentioned the water works and electric light companies, and he has been president of these corpora- tions. For a time he was connected with the Lincoln Street Railroad Company, and was president of the same until he sold out his interest. From this it will be seen that he is an enterprising and successful business man, as \yell as a lawyer. In the latter ca- pacity he is noted for the care with which he prepares his cases and for the energy and loyalty he displays in protecting the interests of his clients. In 1869 Mr. Blinn was united in mar- riage with Miss Nettie L. Youtsey, of Cold Springs, Kentucky, and they have become the parents of three children, one son and two daughters : Eva B., Annette, and Ed- ward D., Jr. Mr. Blinn is a prominmt member of the Masonic body, being a Knight Templar, and is a stanch adherent of the Republican party, having for many years taken an active ])art in political affairs. In 1880 he was a delegate to the national convention, which met in Chicago and nominated General James A. Garfield for the presidency. He has ser\-ed as a member of the Republican state committee, and has done much to ad- vance the interests of his party and insure its success. In 1900 he was appiiinted super- visor of census of the eleventh district of Illinois. In public aft'airs he exerts con- siderable influence and is to-day one of the most popular citizens of Lincoln. SAMUEL C. DAWSON. The agricultiu-al interests of Logan county are well rejjresented in Samuel C. Dawson, who is now operating a fine farm 404 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. of one Imndred and sixt}- acres on section 26, Chester township. He is a native of this county, his birth having occurred in ]\Iount Pulaski township, on the 29th of September, 1858. His father, Creed H. Dawson, was born in Kentucky in 1819, and when a A nunc;' man went to Indiana, where he was married, July 3, 1839, to Miss Rachel Brewer. They made their home in John- son county, that state, until coming to Lo- gan county, Illinois, about 1856, when they took up their residence upon a farm in ]\Iount Pulaski township, agriculture being the oc- cupation of the father. In their family were the following children : Mary wedded John Laughlin, who died in 1865. and she sub- sec[uently became the wife of Rufus Con- well ; Martha is the wife of William Ham- ilton, of Chelsea, Kansas; Emma married W'illiam Sweet and resides in Morgan Hill, California; Sarah first married Lewis Lyon, who died in Saginaw, Michigan, and she is now the wife of a Mr. Trowbridge, (if thai place ; George T. is a resident of Oklahoma ; Eliza K. is the wife of Solomon Henrickson, of Lincoln, Illinois: John W. died in infan- cv in 1858; Samuel C. is next in order of birth ; Emery L. died in Kansas in Febru- ary, 1900; and Minta E. is the wife of George Donaldson, nf ]\lariiin, Kansas. The subject of this sketch was reared upon his father's farm and attended the dis- trict schools of the neighborhood. He re- mained at home until he was married, at the age of twentv-three ^•ears, to Miss Eliza |. Combs. The 1 ml Iiild burn uf this union died in infancy. After his marriage ]\Ir. Dawson remo\ed to Kansas, where he spent four years, and nn his return to Logan coun- ty, in 1887, located on the farm where he now resides, his time and attention being devoted to farming and stock raising. Since attaining his majority j\Ir. Dawson lias always voted the straight Republican ticket, and his fellow citizens recognizing his- worth and ability elected him supervisor of Chester township in 1898. In that office he serxed for two years with credit to him- self and to the entire satisfaction of his con- stituents. He is a liberal and cheerful con- tributor to all worthy enterprises for the good of his community, and he and his w ife are held in the highest regard bv all who know them. C. VAX GERPEX. X"o history of Hartsljurg would Ije com- plete withniit extended mention of C. A'an Gerpen, the wealthiest and most prominent citizen of the town. For twenty-three vears he has made his her 27, 1875. Immediately thereafter he was in- stalled as pastor of the church at Fairfield, where he remained in charge of the congre- gation for twelve years. Subsecpiently he filled one or two minor positions, and in i88g was called to the church at Owensville, In- diana, where he was pastor until ]\Iay, 1897. As a preacher lie has been \ery successful, being a man of pleasing presence and com- manding wavs, as well as a good orator, and his loss to the congregation at Owensville has been greatly regretted. He came to Beason to accept the pastorate of a much larger congregation, where he believed he could do more good. Here he continued as ])astor until .\iM-il, 1901, when he resigned. He has been identified with the De Witt church since the 2d of ]\lay, 1901. The congregation numbers two hundred and fifty families, and here Mr, !\lurray has done ex- cellent work. On Xo\"ember 30. 18O5. Mr. [Murray married ]Miss Anna Green, a daughter of Edmond Green, of Tennessee, ami tliey be- came the parents of nine children, of whom six surxive, namely: ]\Iaggie L. ; Rov W'., who married Aliss L. Keys, daughter of J. J. Ke}s, deceased: Florence: Loretta ; Anna : and Carrie. The children have been reared in the Cumberland Presbyterian be- lief and are a family of which any parents might well be proud. Fraternally Mr. Murray is a Royal Arch Mason, and is also a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and the Grand Army of the Republic. During the Civil war he was one of the defenders of the old flag and the cause it represented, being a member of Companv D, Xinety-eighth Illinois Mounted Infantry, under command of Captain Flood, and served with distinc- tion until hostilities ceased, being honora- bly discharged September 18, 1865. He en- listed in March, 1864. Politically he affili- ates with the Republican party. He has been a delegate to the general assembly of his church four dift'erent times, and since en- tering the ministry has given most of his tune to his pastoral duties. In the pulpit he is especially gifted on account of his ora- torial ability and his pleasing deliverv. His discourses are scholarly and effective in their appeals to f(jllow the Master, and he is held in high esteem not only bv the peo- ple of his own congregation, but by the residents of De Witt and Beason generallv. \\'ILLIAM X. BROCK. One of the oldest and most honored pio- neers of Atlanta township is the gentleman whose name introduces this review. He is a Hoosier by liirth, having been born in In- diana, Sei)teml)er 13, 1S29, Init dur- ing his infancy was lirought to IIH- onis Ijy his parents, Andrew and Han- nah (Richards) Brock. His father was a native of Xorth Carolina, and when a mere boy removed with liis parents to Ohio. 4IO THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Later he went to Indiana, and in 1829 came to Illinois, making his home first in Sanga- mon county, settHng at Funk's ( Jrove, wliich is now in McLean county. Here he Hved one year and at the entl of tins time he re- mo\ed to Logan coimt}- and settled at Big (jro\e, now called Kickapoo Tiniher, where he was numliered among the pioneers. By occupatiiin he was a l)lacksmith, hax'ing learned that trade in early life. He died near Wapello. De Witt cnunty, in March, ]8()_^. and his wife passed away in Wa\iies- ville, in :\Iardi, 1858. William .\'. iSrock was hut a child in arms when his people remo\ed to Logan county antl here he was reared amid pioneer f^cenes. Few can realize the hardships that the first settlers of this section had to go thriugh. In the .\tlanta Argus, dated .Sep- tember 20, lyoi, we hnd an interesting ac- count of a hirthday party that was held at the home nf our suhject, and fi),im it we copy the fullciwing: "The nearest mills at that time were at Springfield and I'eoria, and tn one or the other of these the elder Brock had to go fur all his grinding. He was a poor man and his children grew up in the simplest and ])lainest st_\les of pioneer life. W. X. went without slides ur head wear until iptite a large buy. but in s|)ite (_>f these pi)i\'atiuns he was out at .all seasons and in all kinds of weather with as much freedom as thcaigh he possessed biith. l'.:ire fool and bare headed and witlmut under- wear or mittens he would spend whole days skating with the older hoys at the pond two miles from his hunie. lie gut his first hat and shoes when twelxe years cild and was very proud of them, but lost his hat while dri\'ing an ox team to the Afackinaw Mills, in co,nipau\ with his father. The Kicka])oo Indian trail run cluse to the Brlick home and W. X. can remember their camp, which was located near the Moot's place, three miles east of what is known as Fair\-iew church. WiiK'cs were numerous and sometimes sax- age, though they seldom attacked anyone imless maddened by hunger. One day a ueighljor of the Brocks was attacked b\' a pack of li\e wolves near the Kickapoo. fhe man fought them off with his hat while backing into the creek, as the only means of escape. In those days the most com- fortalile and r^.ipid way uf tra\-el was by stage. One of these lines ran from Spring- tield to Chicago, ])assing near the Brock farm. There was a statinn at the James Hoblit farm, not far from the preseiit site of Atlanta, and one at Willi.am Hnick's place in Funk's Grove." The education of our subiect was limited as his sersices were needed at hume during his bovhood to assist in the operation of the farm, and on leax'ing the parental roof he choose farming as his life wi.irk. l'>\- hard wiirk, perseverance and good management, he succeedetl in acquiring a handsome pro])- e.rty, owning at one time four hundred and sixty-tlu'ee acres of aralile and |)ri)ducti\e land, but has since given to each of his four sons a farm, retaining, however, a place of eightv acres in .-\tlanta township, as a Imme for himself and wife, who in their declining ) \ears are enjoying the comforts that earnest ■ lal)or has brought them. Mr. Brock still has all his ])r()pert\- in his own name, the sons mei'ch' pa\nig the taxes and ha\ ing the income from the land. On the 8th of Jainiary, 1850, Mr. ISmck married ]\liss l-~rances Scott, whose birth- place \\as in the state of Xew York, and wild died in i8fi2, I'^ive children were l)orn dl this unidii. nanieh- : .Sarah C ; .\ndrew ; Jdhn D. ; Stephen 1). and M;u-y. Mr. Brock was again mar.ried in Se])tein- ber, 18^13. his second union being with Mrs. » THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 411 Kathenne (Arnold) Robinson, who WuS horn January ! 1. 1829. Init in October of tlie same \ear her ])arents emigrated from Ohio til tliis state, and settled in what is now De- W'itt county. Here he took up a claim where old Hallsxille nnw stands, erected a liio- cabin and rosided there almut three years. He then settled near Bloomington. 1!\' tratle he was a shoemaker and in addition to his farming- operations he worked at his trade. Later he mo\ed tn ]'\mk"s Grove and here Mrs. Brock attended her first .school. From there Mr. .Vr'iiold mo\ed to ' Alton and still later tu the sontherii mrt of Wisconsin. From there he went to Califor- nia and his children returned to Atlanta. He remained in (California about fifteen years and on his return east lie made his home with his children the balance nf his life, dying at the home of his son William in the village I if McLean. By Mrs. Brock's first mar- riage to Mr. Robinson she became the miither nf three children, namely: Henry A.: Mary A., now Mrs. John Oldaker : and George L. ^Ir. Robinson was a cooper by trade and the\' spent most of their married life in .\tlanta. He died in iician. Mr. Bnick has Ijeen identified with pub- lic afl;'airs as road commissioner in liis town- shi]) and school director, holding tlie latter office a numbei' of years. Politically he is a strong Democrat. lie is imt only a kind and indulgent fatiier. but is noted fur his generosity, and at all times is ready to as- sist any enterprise having for its object the good of the community in which he has so long made his hmne. His upright cnurse in life commands the respect of all and his la- bors as one of the founders of the count)' justly entitles him to a prominent place in its histiirw ♦-•-♦ S. J. WOL.VXD. For fifteen rears a well known and prom- inent practitioner at the bar of Lincoln and now a representative farmer and stock-raiser of Logan count}-. Air. W'nland well deserve.-; n-iention in this volume. Perhaps every state in the L'nion has furnished its quota of citi- zens to Illinois, and from Pennsylvania comes the subject of this re\-iew. who was born in Lycoming county, that state, Feb- ruary 19, 1843. His parents, Solomon and Catherine ( Radel ) Woland, were also na- tives ijf the same couiit\- and there the father resided until he remo\-ed w-estw-ard w-itli his faniil}-. first taking up his abode in Indiana, where he remained for a short time. In 1S55 he located in Bloomingdale, Logan count'-, Illinois, where he remained until the autumn of that year, when lie w-ent to Orndcrff Alills, where he engaged in farming until 1856—- the year of his removal to section 25, Orvil township. Upon the farm which he there de\-eloped and improved he made his home thniughi lut his remaining da\-s. He pur- chased the land at twelve and fourteen dol- lars per acre, but it is now very valual)le. His wife died AJarcli 22. 1880, and his death occurred l-"ebruary 14, 18S6. Tliev had six; children; Louisa, the widow of Joseph Hilcher and a resident of Lincoln; .\delia. who married .Xipiilla ilreech, but bnth are now deceased ; Catherine, who died in Penn- s\-l\-ania ; I'^manuel. who diefl in Hartslnirg 412 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Septemljer 25. 1891; Susan, who- resides ^^•itl^ licr sister in Lincoln; and Solomon J. In the public schools of llliiK^is S. J- ^^'oland acquired his preliminary education, wliicli was supplemented by stutly in tlie Eureka College, of Eureka, Illinois. Think- ing to enter professional life, he took up the study of law with Colonel Lynch, of Lincoln, as his preceptor. At length admitted to the bar, he 1>egan practice in Lincoln, where he remained for fifteen years and his knowledge of the ]irinciples of jurisprudence, his carefu.l preparation of cases and his skill in argument won him a leading position among the mem- bers of the legal fraternity. He found the profession congenial and his wurk ])r()fital)le, l)ut (Ml account of ill health he was oblige>l to abandon the law and took up his abode on his present farm. belie\'ing that the out-door life would iirove beneficial. He now owns two hundred and fifty-fi\'e acres of land and carries on general farming, his land being under a higli state of cultivation and im- jiroxed with all inndern accessories and con- veniences. I'^ields of waxing grain, fine stock and the air of neatness and thrift which pre- vades the ])lace all indicate his careful sujjer- vision and his progressive spirit. Mr. \Voland was united in marriage to Miss Carrie Hall, of W'oodford county. Illi- nois, a daughter of Timothy Hall, who is conducting a feed vard in Lincoln. They ha\-e two children. Frank R. and Maude AT. Mr. Woland is now ser\-ing as school di- rector and has been thus dfiicially cimnected with the management of the schools for some time. Wliile ]iracticing law he serx-ed for two terms as prosecuting attornev. So- cially he is connected with the Knights of Pythias loorn I'ebruary \o. igoT. The familv are members of the Catholic church, and Air. Stumpf affiliates with the Republican jiarty. He is fraternalh- a WDodman of the \\ orld. HENXIXG H. XOTTELMAXX. Prominent among the representative and substantial business m^n of Latham is Henning H. Xottelmann, a dealer in all kinds of lumber, sash, doors, blinds, lath, shingles, jiaints and oils. He was born in Xiantic. Illinois, on the 12th of October, 1876, and is of German descent. His fa- ther, Hermann Xottelmann, was Iiorn in Meldorf. Ciermany, October ,^8, 1840, and Axas reared and educated in his native land, where he also serxed an apprenticeship in the general mercantile business. On com- ing to the L^nited States in 1864. he first located in Chicago, where he was employed as clerk in the store of Charles Gossage & Companx- for several years. In 1872 he re- moved to Xiantic. where he embarked in business f\)r himself, forming a partnership with Henning Jacobsen. under the firm name of Xottelmann & Jacobsen. They hax'e laiilt up a good trade and are still en- gaged in merchandising at X^iantic. it being one of the oldest firms of the place. At one time Mr. Xottelmann was also interested in the banking lousiness, and is to-day exten- si\el}' interested in the lumber business in l>artnership with his sons. He first estab- lished a x'ard at \\'arrensl)urg. Illinois, of which his son. J. H. Xottelmann. is a part- ner and manager, and in 189Q he started the yard at Latham, of which our subject now has charge as partner and manager. Be- sides his business property the father owns several fine farms, and is to-day one of the most suljstantial men of Xiantic. His sue- HENNING H. NOTTELMANN. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 417 cess in life is due entirely to his own well- directed efforts, and the prosperity that has come to him is hut the just reward of his industrv. jjerseverance and good business abilitv. He was married in Xiantic to Miss .\nna Jacobsen. a daughter of Hen- ning Jacobsen. Sr. She is also a native of Germany, and was a young lady when she came with her parents to the new world. The family resided for a short time in Chi- cago, but after the terrible fire in that city. in October. 1871. in which they lost their property, they removed to Xiantic. ^Ir. and Mrs. Xottelmann have seven children, three sons and four daughters, of whom Henning H. is fifth in order of birth. Our subject grew to manhood in Xi- antic. and received the regulation common school education, lieing graduated from the ])ul3lic schools of that place. At the age of eighteen he accepted a position as Ixiok- keeper in a planing mill in Chicago, where he remained about two years and a half. He was next connected with a grain house at Tuscola, Illinois, and while not a mem- ber of the firm had the greater part of the business to attend to. After a year in this connection he removed to Latham in 1899. and in partnership with his father purchased the lumber yard located there. ' Since tak- ing control of the business he has erected better and more extensive shedding, and in other ways has enlarged his facilities until he has made it a flourishing concern. He is a wide-awake, energetic young business man. and bids fair to occupy a prominent position in commercial circles. On the 25th of September. 1901, Mr. Xottelman was united in marriage with IMiss Delia ^I. Culp. of Warrensburg. Illi- nois. She is a native of Macon county, and a daughter of Henry S. and Alice ( Stine- liaugh ) Culp. whi:i were born in Ohio, and are now living upon a farm in Macon coun- ty, this state. In politics Mr. Xottelmann is a stanch Republican, and always aflili- ates with that party. Socially he is a mem- ber of the Masonic Lodge. X'o. 853, of Latham, and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Modern Woodmen of America at Xiantic. He has already made many warm friends in Latham, and is held in the highest regard by all who know him. XAXKE T. RADEMAKER. One of the very prosperous and highly respected farmers of Orvil township. Logan county. Illinois, is Xanke T. Rademaker, who resides on section 6. where he rents a fine farm from the old Scully estate, but is the owner of an excellent farm on sections ;^^ and 34. this township. He has resided in Logan county since 1S72. He is a na- tive of Germany, where he was born on May 9, 1834. His parents were Tobias and Kate (Dick.son) Rademaker. both of Ger- many, who came to America in 1869. They first settled near Freeport. Stephenson coun- ty, Illinois, where the father worked as a laborer on farms for three years and then mo\ed to Logan county and leased a farm in Orvil township, where he resided eight years. He later moved to the village of Emden. where he now lives retired, aged eighty-five years of age, while the mother is eighty-three years old. But two children were Ix^rn to them, namely : X'anke T. ; and Llfert. who resides in Emden and is a prominent merchant of that village, being engaged in a general mercantile business. Our subject was married, in Germany, to ^liss Carrie Lincoln, and six children have been born to them, nameh" : Tobias, 4i8 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. who married Annie ^^'eavers and lives in Orvil township, wliere he is engaged in farming; Remer, who married ]\Iaggie Toll and is also a farmer of Or\"il township : Kate, who married Claus ,\lberts and li\'es on a farm in Prairie Creek township. Logan county ; Alary, who married K. Harms and lives in Tazewell county, Illinois; L'lfert and Carrie, both at home. .\fter liis marriage Mr. Rademaker rent- ed a farm in Orvil township, where he re- sided until iS8o, when he leased his presen.t farm of one hundred and sixty-four acres near Emden village and here carries on gen- eral farming. He also owns a fine farm of one hundred and twenty acres on sections ^^ and 34, Orvil township, which he rents. He has had several excellent offers to enter other lines of business, but he .prefers farm- ing. In politics he is a stanch Republican and has been honored by election to several of the township offices, the duties of which he has discharged in a highly acceptable man- ner. Both he and his excellent wife are earnest members of the German Lutheran church of Emden. in which, as in their own cjmmunit}', tliey are highly regarded. PROFESSOR ALEXANDER THOMPSON. S. One of the most proficient teachers of music in this section of the state is Professor Alexander Stewart Thompson, director of the Conservatory of Alusic connected with Lincoln College of James ^Nlillikin L'ni- versity, Lincoln, Illinois. He was born April 8, t859, on the historic batttle ground of Falkirk, Scotland, where ^^'illiam Wallace, the noble Scottish chief, fought his last los- ing fight, and Bonnie Prince Charley de- feated Hawley's dragoons and the English forces. He received his literary education in the common schools and academies of his native land, and gained his first knowledge of mi'.sic in a church choir. He came to the United States in 1875 and for four years stuf'ied voice and piano under that well- knovi n veteran among Xew England music teachers, Fritz Zuchtmann, of Springfield, "* Jassarhusetts. Professor TlKimpsim then accepted the position of precentor in the Sta/je Street Presbyterian church of Albany, Xew York, and later was director of music in the Sara- toga Springs pul.)lic schools for three years. Furtlier study of a special character was pursued under Alberto Laurence, a well- known opera baritone of Xew York : imder William Ccmrtne\', that 'most successful,, genial oratio singing teacher, who had been a pupil of Vannucini. Florence, Italy; and under Kelscn, and \\'illiam H. Sherwtxid, the great pianist. After spending three years at Utica, X'ew York, Professor Tliompson accepted the position of director of music in the Kan- sas State X^ormal, and later spent one year in the Ladies College of Xorfolk. In 1892 he and his wife went to England, and de- \'oted a year to special study in Londmi un- der such men as Sims Reeves, of the (iuild- hall School of Music, — that most notable of great tenor artists, who studied under Bordogni in Paris and Alazzucato in Milan, Italy, and was a contemporary of the great tenors, Mario and Brignoli. Professor Thompson also studied fugue and counter- point under Dr. Francis E. Gladstone, cf . the Royal College of ]\Iusic, London. On their return to the United States he and liis wife were engaged for the Cortland, X'^ew York, festiwal in conjunction with such THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 419. artists as Clementine de \'ere-Sapi(:). Will- iam Rieger and Maud Powell, the famous violinist. Professor Thompson has given recitals or sung in almost all of the import- ant cities in Xew York state, including Xew York city. In January, 1894, he again lo- cated in Utica, where he was connected with the Utica School of Music and the Oneida Conser\atnr\". For two years he was solo baritone and director of the First Presby- terian church choir of Utica, and held a high priced contract to supply a quartette and organist for that church. He was also hon- ored by the Xew York State Music Teach- ers Association by being a])pointed vice- president for Oneida county. Professor Thompson has been a contrib- utor on musical subjects to Werner's Voice Magazine of Xew York, and made a number of translations for the same. While in Lon- don he was a regular correspondent of that magazine. He has also contributed to the Xew Yiirk Musical Courier and the "]Music" magazine of Chicago. He has had a num- ber of compositions published and has many more in manuscript. Among his publishers are Oliver Ditson, The American Choir, John Church Companv and Breitkopf & Haertell, of Leipsic and Xew York. At the conunencement exercises of Lincoln Uni- versity in June, Tgoi, Professor Tlmmpson produced an oratorio entitled "Lazarus" with orchestra, organ and piano accompani- ment and chorus under his own direction, which met with the highest commendation lri;ni the press and musical circles of Lin- Cdln. In 1897 Professor Thompson came ti) Lincciln. Illinois, as director of music in Lin- coln University as it was then known, and is still filling that position. In teaching the art of singing- and voice production he uses man\- well authenticated exercises of the historic old Italian school, as well as those of the modern school, called sometimes the school of Rossini, and a series of exercises set to words, composed by himself, in wdiich he emlxjdies the principles learned from the above mentioned famous teachers and in his own scientific research. He teaches piano, harmony, voice culture and artistic singing. Since coming to Lincoln the Professor and his wife have given their entertainment, "Sparks," in Lincoln, Mattoon and Danville, Illinois : Princeton, Indiana ; and George- town and Utica. Xew "^'ork, where the press bestowed upon them the highest compli- ments. Professor and ]\Irs. Thompson are memliers of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, Lincoln, of which he is chorister. MRS. CLARA D. TH0:MP.S0X. Mrs. Clara D. Thompson, wife of Pro- fessor A. S. Thompson, whose sketch ap- pears aboA'e, was born September 25, 1866, in Charles City, Iowa, but sj^ent most of her girlhood in central Xew Y(n-k, her education Iieing acquired in the public schools and at Cazenovia Seminarv, Cazenovia, Xew York, where she was graduated. \\'hile attending school there she ga\-e special attention to the stud}' of organ, voice and piano. At first it was her intention to make a specialty of organ playing, but her voice developed so magnificentlv that she was offered an e.x- cellent jx)sition as solo soprano in the L^ni- versity Avenue ^lethodist Episcopal church at Syracuse, Xew York, and meeting wit'a success she continued as a vocalist. She pur- sued her vocal studies under leading teach- ers in both Syracuse and Utica, and sang frequently in the towns and cities of central X'ew York. After singing two ^'ears in 420 THF PTOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Syracuse she was offered a fine position in the Dutch Reformed church of Utica. where she was singing- at tlie time of her marriage. Resigning her position in that city. Mrs. Thompson went with lier hushand to Kan- sas and Ijecame vocal instructor in tlie Kan- sas State Normal Scho Logan county. Illinois, his home being on section 35. iMuinence township, for many years. The greater ])art of his life was de- voted to farming, though at one time he was engaged in mercantile business in Arming- ton for two years. He met v/ith excellent success in his untlertakings and acipiired a large estate. To the common schools of this coiuU\" John 1. Mountjoy is indebted for his edu- cational privileges. In earlv life he aided his father in the operation of the home farm until ]i^73. when he commenced farming on his own account and has since followed that ]nu-suit w itli marked success. His first farm was a tract of one hundred and sixty acres, which he sold in 1901 to H. C. Montgouier\-, and then ])urchased his present farm on sec- tion 35, Eminence toiwnship. consisting of two hundred and fifty acres, which he is now successfully carrying on. He scans to- have inherited nnich of his father's business abil- ity and has steadily prospered. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 42 r yir. Moimtjoy was married. June 9. 1873, the lady of his. clioiice being ]\Iiiss ]\lartlia E. Judy, daugliter of Jacob Jud\", wlio is one of Tazewell count}-"s oldest pio- neers, and whose sketch appears on another page of this volume. To our subject and his wife have teen ]x)rn the following children : Myrtle A.. Alice V.. William D., Sarah A. and Joseph G. They are all single and with exception of William make their home with their parents. The family are de\-out mem- bers of the Christian church and stand high in social circles. Fraternally "Sir. IMountjoy is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Modern \\ oodmen (_ i America. He takes an active interest in pub- lic affairs, and is ever ready to assist in anv- thing pertaining to the good of the commu- nitv. JOH.\ J. LACHEXMYER. One of the most prosperon.s farmers of Chester township, Logan county, is John J. Lachenm\er. wIid was born in Wurtemberg. German)-, on the 30th of October. 1833. His parents never came to America, but both died in Germanv many vears ag.). Three of their children. Imwever. crossed tile Atlantic and became residents of this countr}-, liut of these our subject is now the onl_\- survivor. His sisters were Christine, w li< ■ married Christojjher Sugar and re- sided in Cijldwater. Michigan : and Caro- line, who married George Wisinger and made her Imme in Adrain. Michigan. It was in 1854 that Mr. Lachenmyer. accompanied 1)y his two sisters, emigrated to the new world. He soon found emplov- ment on the Lake Shore & Michigan Soiith- ern Railroad, and after working for that company about four years he came to Illi- nois, arriving in Springfield in 1859. For the following four years he worked bv the month as a farm hand, and not onlv ac- quired an excellent knowledge of agricult- ural pursuits, but was also able to sa\-e some mone\-, which he invested in eighty acres of land in Logan county, about the only improvement U])on the ])lace being a house. From time to time he has added to this prop- erty until he now owns two hundred and forty acres of fine farming land on sections 18 and 19, Chester township, and here he is successfully engaged in general farming and in the raising of fine stock. His home is a \ery comfortable one and all the build- mgs upon the place are in good condition, while the land is imder a high state of cul- tivatir.n. In 18O1 Mr. Lachcnm_\-er married Miss Lena Renschler. who was also iiorn in Wurtemberg. Germany, and came with her parents to Logan county, Illinois, about the same time as Mr. Lachenmyer. Ten chil- dren have been born to them, namely : John ]., Jr.. now a resident of Santa Monica, Cal- ifornia; George, of this county: Rose, wife of Fred Bock, of David City. Nebraska : Car- rie, who died in ]\Iarch. igoo. at the age of tl:irty-one years : Margaret, wife of John Damarin. of Lincoln: and Lena. \\'illiam, Anna, Adam and Charles, all five of whom are at home. Since becoming a naturalized citizen Mr. Lachenmyer has lieen a strong Democrat, and has always supported the candidates of that party. Religiously he and his family are members of St. John's Lutheran chur.:h of Lincoln, in which lie has served as deacon for about thirty years. On coming to this countr\- he was in limited circumstances. and through his own well-directed efforts and the assistance of his estimable wife he has secured the iirosijeritv which thev now 422 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. eiijciv. Tlieir Imnie is iinted fur its hos- ])italitv and good cheer, tlieir many friends always being sure of a licarty welcome with- in its doors. ♦-•-♦ JOHN H. ROBERTS. For over sixty years John H. Roberts has been an honored resident of Logan county, and is now living a retired life in Mt. Pulaski. Following in the footsteps of his ])atriotic ancestors, he fought three years in the war of the Rebellion, and participated in a number of important engagements. He was born on the 5th of Fbruary, 1830, in Lee county, Virginia, of whicn state his par- ents, Philip and Ellen (Silvers') Roberts, were also natives. The mother was born "i Bedford county, Virginia, in 1799. and was a daughter of Aaron and Sarah (Sowders") Silvers. Both the itaternal and the maternal grandfathers of our subject were sokliers of the Revolutionary war and the father fought for American rights and liberties in the war of 1812. In November, 1833, tlie lat- ter moved with his family from Vir- ginia to Illinois, and first settled in Me- nard county, Init in 1840 came to Lo- gan coimty, and located on Salt Creek, h\-e miles north of ]Mt. Pulaski, where he built a house of roimd logs, sixteen I IV twent}- feet in diniensicms, with a mud and stick chimney antl punchenn floor. The cracks between the logs which formed the walls were daulied with mud and prairie grass. The father was not long permitted to enjoy his new home, as he died in what is now Aetna town.ship in August. 1841, but the mother long survived him and ])assed awav in Chester township in 1875. ^^^ ^^^^ family of this worthy couple were nine chil- dren, four sons and ti\-e daughters, namely : Sarah Ann, deceased wife of Pilman Clark; Susan, wife of Henry M. Clark, of Oregon; George, of Rockwell City, Iowa ; ]\Iary Jane, widow of J. V. Town and a resident of Cal- houn county. Nebraska; John H., our sub- ject ; Eliza, deceased wife of Isaac Miller, of Chester township ; Charles and Elizabeth, twins, the former a resident of Mt, Pulaski, the latter the wife of J. E. Downing, of Rockwell City, Iowa ; and Reyburn \V., who ser\ed through the Civil war with our sub- ject, and died in August, 1892. John H. Roberts was only three years old when the family came to this state, and amid scenes familiar to ])ioneer life he grew to manhood. He was reared as most farmer boys in those days, and l)egan his education in a log' school house on Salt creek, his first teacher being David ^iilford, and the second D. P. Bunn, a Universalist preacher, under whose instruction he studied for three months. Feeling that his country need his serv- ices during the dark days of the Civil war, ^Ir. Roberts enlisted in August, 18.62, i'l Company D, One Hundred and Sixth Illi- nois A'oluntccr Infantry, Colonel R. B. Latham commanding the regiment. They were first sent to Jackson, Tennessee, and in the spring of 1863 took part in the engage- ment at Bolivar, tliat state. Later they were in the siege of Vicksburg- until ithe sur- render of that stronghold on the 4th oi July, and then proceeded to Jackson, yi'is- sissippi, but returned to Vicksburg on the 3 1 St of July, 1 863. While there Mr. Roberts recei\'ed a sunstroke wliich disabled him for some time and he was granted a short fur- lough, which he spent at home, but he later rejoined bis regiment at Little Rock. Ar- kansas, and remained at the front until the cessation of hostilities. He was honorably discharged in .\ug-ust, 1865, and was paid off at Springfield, Illinois. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 423 After Iiis return lirmie ]\Ir. Rr)l)erts was engaged in farming in Chester tmvnshiii un- til 1887, \vlien he removed to ]\It. Pulaski, and has since lived a retired life. In Sep- temljer, 1865. he married ]\Iiss IMattie L. Roberts, of Tennessee, where he met her during the war. She died in Alt. Pulaski July 10, 1892. and for his second wife he wedded Miss Delilah J. Peterson, who was born on Salt creek in Aetna township, this county, and was educated in the "Sit. Pulaski high school, where she was graduated in 1894. Her parents were Benjamin and Elizabeth ( Voorhees) Peterson. Of the three children bom to our subject and his second wife, one died in infancy. Those living are Ruth and Paul R. For the past eighteen years ]\Ir. Roberts has been totally blind, but with that excep- tion he enjoys good health. He is a mem- ber of Sam ^\'alker Post, Xo. 205, G. A. R., and is a man iiighly respected and esteemed by all who knew him. He is a Republican, and both he and his wife are members of the Christian church. ALLEN OUISEXBERRY. Prominent among the prosperous and substantial citizens of Eminence township i? Allen Ouisenberry. who belongs to a \ery old and honored family of this section of the state. He was born in Kentucky October 19, 1823. and spent the first twelve years of his life in his native state. His father. Edward S. Ouisenberry, was a native of Virginia, born May 12, 1786, and there grew to man- hood and married Polly Thealkill, who died in Christian county, Kentucky, leaving fotu'- teen children. He subsequently married Miss Luc}- A. Clayton, who was born in Virginia and died in Logan county. By tliis uni(5n five children were born, making him the father of nineteen, whom he reared to man and womanhood, and of this number eight are still Ining. In 18,35 '^e came to Illinois, and located in what is now Taze- well county. Later he took up his residence in Eminence township, Logan countv, and here spent the remainder of his life, dving in 1864. He was very successful in busi- ness, and became the owner of two thousand acres of land, being able to leave each of his children a quarter-section at the time of his death. Religiously he was a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and was a man highly respected and esteemed by all who knew him. At the age of twelve years Allen Ouisen- berry accompanied his parents on their emi- gration to Illinois, traveling the entire dis- tance of four hundred miles without even seeing a bridge, being obliged to ford all rivers and creeks. Our subject and a brother drove two cows the entire distance. They made all possible haste, their father havmg told tliem that the country was infested by wolves. The other members of the family traveled in covered wagons. Arriving in Tazewell county. Allen Ouisenberr\- com- pleted his education in a log school house at Hittles Grove, and remained at home as- sisting in the work of the farm until his mar- riage. Since then he has engaged in farm- ing on his own account, and so successful has he been that he is now the owner of seven hundred acres of valuable land in Emi- nence township, on which he has erected good and substantial buildings that stand as monuments to his thrift antl enterprise. On December 2;^. 1842, Mr. Ouisenberry was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Burt, the ceremony being performed at Hit- tie's Grove. Her father was William Burt, 424 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. one of Tazewell county's most distinguished citizens. He was a native of Kentuck)-, and in 1827 he came to Tazewell ciiunt\-. which at that time was mainly noted for the ter- rihle encounters between the early settlers and the Indians, who were then far more numcrcius than the white inhabitants. The ])ostage on a letter at that time was twent\- five cents, and the early settlers were forced to endure man\- hardships and privations. To Air. and Mrs. (juisenljerr\- were born three children, two of whom are still living, namely: John \\\. a resident of Tazewell county: and China M.. now the wife of Will- iam F. ^Vlbright, a merchant of Chicagi^. The wife and mother, who was a most esti- mable woman, died in Eminence township April 20, 1897. Air. Ouisenberr_\- was again married, in April, 1898. his second union being with Mrs. H. ■\Iartlin, a resident of southern Indiana, and a daughter of a '\[v. Dixon. Air. Ouisenberry is li\ing with his wife and step-children on the old home farm in Eminence townshi]3, though he has prac- tically retired from acti\e labor, leaving the work of the farm to A(junger hands. He and his family are members of the Christian church, and politically he is identitiefl with the Republican party. W'herexer known he is held in high regard and as an honored pio- neer and highly respected citizen he is cer- tainly deserving of honorable mention in the history oi his adopted ci mnty. A. J. PEASE. A. J. Pease, one of the pnisperous and higlily res])ected farmers of section 13, Lake Fork township, located near Latham, was born in Sangamon county, Illinois, July 20, 1834, and is the son of Shaw and Amanda (Pettis) Pease. The grandpar- ents of our suljject were e\-idently among the \ery earl_\- jjioneers of Sanganmn coun- ty, audi {Shaw /Pease, iihe father, was born in that county, where he became quite acti\e in politics. ser\ing one term in the legislature, ha\'ing been elected on the Re- publican ticket. He died there at about sixty-five years of age. The family is of Welsh lineage, the great-grandfather Pease ha\ing come fr(\)m Wales. WJren our subject was about twelve years of age his parents settled on a farm near where he now resides, and here the }"oinig bo}" was reared to agricultural life and attended the common schools. He re- mained upon the homestead until he was married, in Alacon countw near Xirmtic, February 2j. 1878, to Miss Frederika Bruce, whose home was in that county, but who had been born in Germany, near Kiel, and had come to .\merica with her mother and brotiier when yet a little girl. To Air. and Airs. Pease have lieen Ixirn five children, namely: Ella F., -who died at the age of three }'ears : Airs. Ivlith Er\in, -of Alacon county: and Louis, Frank and Bertha, of whom the last three are residing" at home. For a few years after his marriage Mr. Pease rented land, but sixrn his industry and thrift made it possible for him to purchase one hundred acres of wild land. This ])roperty he has lirought into a line state of cultix'ation. and in addition he leases two hundred and twent}' acres, thus operating one-half a section, gi\'ing his attention to farming, stock raising and feeding. The house, barn and buildings are all in excel- lent condition and his farm is well kept up in e\ery particular. In politics Air. Pease has always licen a Re])ublican, and has taken an active inter- est in local politics. For several years he A. J. PEASE. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 427 lias ser\etl as a member of the Republican count}' central committee, including both [NIcKinley campaigns, and in a townshiji that is strongly Democratic he was elected supervisor in 1899 and served two years, during which time he was on the committee on roads and bridges, ser\-ing as the chair- man for one year, and was also on the iinance committee, as well as other commit- tees. In 1901 he was again nominated and l.ieaten by only four votes, which was re- markable considering the strong Demo- cratic majorit}- in the tijwnship. He served as school trustee for about twelve years and has since been director for the past six or eight years. Mr. Pease and his family are active members of the Christian church at Xi- antic, and are highly respected in that de- nomination. Socially our subject was luade a member of Latham Lodge, Xo. 853, A. F. & A. M., in 1899, and he also holds membership in several other organizations. He is a pleasant, genial man, very popular and influential throughout the township. Bv his man\- excellent ([ualities he has made liimself well-liked in the community, and his success in life is well deserved. EDWIX S. LIXBARGER. Edwin S. Linbarger is conducting a hotel and li\-ery stable at San Jose, Mason county, l.)ut belongs tO' one of the old and prominent families of Logan county, where he is himself widely and favorably known. He was born in Xew- York city, March 19. 1842, and is a son of John Linbarger, who entered land from the government in Logan county in 1850. He was a native of Somer- 23 set county, Xew Jersey, born September 2, 1808. and after arri\ing at years of ma- turity he married Hannah Smally, who was born in the .same county July 3, 18 13. There they resided until after their marriage, when they remo\-ed to X'ew York city, where the father engaged in the manufacture of hats, being the inventor of the smooth felt hat now worn. He rented the old X'ew York state prison and therein conducted a hat factory, continuing in the business with ex- cellent success for some time. In June, 1846. he enlistetl for service in the Mexican war and served throughout the struggle, acting as captain of his company. After his re- turn to X'ew York city he. was custom house officer. ha\ing charge of the liquors, cigars and fruits imported intOi this country. On the expiration of his term of service in that position he came westward with his fam- ily, making the trip largely by water. They proceeded from AUiany by way of the Erie canal to Buffalo, thence by the great lakes, to Chicago, by canal to LaSalle, by steamer to Alton and thence to Jersev\-ille. Illinois,, where in partnership with Dr. Todd he en- gaged in farming for several years. In 1849 he removed to Logan countv and the fol- lowing year entered land in Prairie Creek township, including all of section 4. the west half of section 9. the southwest quarter of section 8, the southwest quarter of section 3 and the northwest quarter of section 10, constituting in all about fourteen hundred' acres. He made improvements on section 4. develiiping a fine farm, whereon he re- sided until the death of his wife, December 15, 1884. He then removed to San J(ise and lived retired with his son Edwin until his death, passing awav on the 4th of March, 1893- This worthy couple were the parents of 428 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ten children : David died in cliildliood ; Josepli died in infancy ; George, who is now living in Enreka Springs, Arkansas, married Jennie Bailey, and after her death married a Airs. Armstrong, a widow. Andrew T. is deceased; Edwin S. is the next younger; Virginia L. is the wife of Henry Flint, of ^Minneapolis, Alinnesota ; Charles married Laura F'armeter and resides in Rich Hill, Missouri; Henry wedded ?dar\" ]\Iunson and is living in West Point, Mississippi ; John K. married Julia ^^"arren and is engagetl in the real-estate business in Delavan. Illinois; and A\'alter, who has resided in Chicago, is now- living with our subject. He married Cora Mathews, but she is now deceased. The childrea were all educated in the common schools, and after putting aside his text-books Edwin See Linbarger engaged in farming in Prairie Creek township, but later was in the service of the Texas Central and the Houston & Great Xorthern Railroad Com]5anies. He acted as fireman for six months and was then made a conductor in the freight service. From 1871 until 1874 he was in the Lone Star state, and then re- turned to New York city, where he remained for a year. Subsequently he returned 10 Logan county and established a grocery store in Emden, where he conducted busi- ness for tiiree years, after which he sold out and lived in retirement from labor for a A'ear. On the expiration of that period he came to San Jose and purchased the drug store owned by his brother George, conducting the same until 1901. when he sold the drug stock. In i8qi he began the hotel business, and adding to this a liver}- stable now- car- ries on operations along both lines. He has six good head of horses and his barn re- cci\es a liberal patronage. As a landlord he is pijpular, enterprising and ct.iurteuus. and has become \-ery popular with the pat- rons of the house. Mr. Linbarger has been twice married. On the 29th of December, 1869, he wedded Rhoda Gibbs, of New York, a daughter of Re\-. Gibbs, a Methodist Episcopal minister of the Empire state. I\Irs. Linbarger died October 3, 1870, and our subject was again n-iarried, October 30, 1872, his second union being -with Miss Augusta Snell, of Jeffer- son county. New- York, a daughter of Gideon Snell, who spent his entire life in that state, where he engaged in farming and in the mill- ing business. Unto the second marriage have been born three children : Katie, who was born July 6, 1876, and died February 29, 1880, when about four years of age; Cora, who was born August 15, 1880, and died December 31 of the same year; and John Webster, who was born August 31, 1883. ^"d is still with his parents. In politics Mr. Linbarger has followed in the political footsteps of his father, who \oted for Andrew Jackson, ha^■ing, since he attained his majority, been an advocate of Democratic principles. For eight years he held the office of postmaster in San Jose, and is now serving his second term as police magistrate, while for a quarter of a century he has been notary public and is also a dep- uty to issue marriage licenses. Fraternally he is connected with San Jose Lodge, No. 645. A. F. & A. i\I. ; Grossman Chapter, No. 155. R. A. M., of Delavan: and Constantine Commandery, No. 51, K. T., of Lincoln. He is one of the well known residents of this part of the state. Whatever success he has achie\ed is attributable entirely to his ow-n efforts, for in early life he started out to make his own way in the world and has since been dependent upon his own resources. Fie is now known as a popular man. reliable II THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 429 in business, trustworthy in office and faitli- ful to every duty wliich devolves upon liim. *-•-• EDGAR E. SISSOX. Among the prosperous farmers of Sheri- dan township is Edgar E. Sisson, who re- sides on section 13 and has made this town- ship his hiiine all his life, having- been born here February 6, 1874. He is the son of John F. and Eliza (Myers) Sisson, natives of Jersey county, Illinois, who came to Lo- gan county at an early day and settled in Sheridan township, where they li\-ed on the farm now occupied by our subject. Here they remained for a few years and then re- turned to Jersey county, l)ut after a short time returned to the old homestead in Sheri- dan township, where the father engaged in general farming until 1892. At this time he and his wife removed to Lincoln, this county, wliere tliey live retired. Four chil- dren were born to them : John, who married Susan Beaver, died in 1899, and she no\\- resides in Lincoln; Edgar E., our subject, is the next of the family ; Bessie and Emma are residents of Lincoln. All of the children were educated in the common schools nf Lin- coln. Edgar E. Sisson after completing his ed- ucation took charge of the Sisson homestead on sections 23 and 24, Sheridan township, where he lived five years. During that time he married Miss ^lary Lynch, of ]\Iascn City. Illinois, a daughter of Luther Lynch, a laborer now residing in ]\Iason Citv. One child has been born of this union, name!}- : Edna, born February 21, 1900. Soon after his marriage ^Mr. Sisson re- moved to his father's farm on section 13, where he operates four hundred acres of fine land and carries on general farming and stock-raising. In politics he is a Democrat, and socially he is a member of Burtonville Lodge, No. 6982, M. W. A., of Burtonville, Illinois, and of the Court of Honor of New Holland, Illinois. Although still a young man he has been very successful in his farm- ing operations and gained the highest respect and esteem of a large circle of friends. THOMAS SMITH. Thomas Smith, deceased, who for many years was one of the most active and ener- getic farmers of Oran township, Logan county, was born August 12, 1829, in Eng- land, and is of German descent. He grew to manhood and received a good education in his native tongue, at the place of his birth. He was one of a family of three children. The father was originally from Scotland and in early manhood went to England, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred when our subject was Cjuite young. The death of the father rendered it nec- essary for young Thomas to at once seek employment \\'hereby he would be enabled to render assistance to the family. He se- cured work on a farm by the month, in which employment he continued for a period of five years, and in 1865 he left his native land and sailed for America. Landing at New York, he at once started for Illinois, and located in Sangamon county, where for a period of three years he cared for and herded a flock of about three thousand sheep and then rented a small farm, which he tilled, making it his home for five years. He 430 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. was very energetic and economical, and by strict attention to the details of his work he was enabled during this time to accumulate and save sufficient means to purchase eighty acres of land, which he improved, put un- der culti\atirin and where he resided until his death, which nccurred on the 28th of April, 1899. after a lingering illness of sev- eral vears. His widow, who survives him, occupies the present home nn this farm. The first wife of our subject died in Oc- tober, 1876, and he married for his second wife Rosina Sheer, daughter of Marx Sheer, who was originally from German}-, and wh.) married Margaret Bauer. ]\Irs. Smith is a nati\e nf ( iermany. Ijorn on the i8th of March. 1842. and came to the United States when twenty-two years of age. Her mar- riage ti) Mr, Smith occurred September 2S. 1877, and was blessed with six children, four of whom are now living, as follows: Mollie E.. now .Mrs. C. E. Gossett : John A. : Frederick T. ; and Mary Elizabeth. John A. married Florence ^Murray, of Logan county, whose parents were early and re- s]>ected settlers of this county. Mr. Smith was a stanch supporter of the Deiuocratic party, and although always hav- ing the interests of that political body at lieart he ne\er took an acti\e ])art in ])olitics, not caring for office. He was clearly a self- made man in e\ery sense of that term. Com- ing to .\merica with no capital, he started out in a strange land to overcome the dif- ficulties and t Ijstacles in the patli to pros- ]>erit\-, and success crowned his efforts. He helie\t(I in doing the work at hand cheer- full\-. and well. He toiled early and late, and while gi\'ing strict attention to his farm- ing interests he devoted a great deal of time to home life, being e\'er a kind anr al- most a half-centur\- he has made his home. JOSEPH W. HOBLIT. The natural advantages of this section at- tracted at an earlv day a superior class of settlers, thrifty, industrious, progressive and law-abiding, whose influence gave perma- nent direction to the de\elopment of the lo- cality. Among the worthy pioneers of Lo- gan county the Hoblit family hold a promi- nent place, being among the first to locate here. The founder of the family in this county was Samuel Hoblit. the grandfather of our subject. He came west from Ohio in 1829, and settled in Atlanta township, where many of his descendants still li\e. He married Miss Abigail Downev. Their son, John A. Hoblit. was born Alarch 5. 1833, in Atlanta township. Later in life he moved to the farm now occupied by our subject. On the 17th of January, 1856, he was united in marriage with Miss Nancy Willmurtli. and to them were born seven children. In early manhood he engaged in teaching school for two terms. Being anxious to take care of his father's estate, he then took control of 432 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. the property and successfully managed the same. After acquiring a sufficient knowl- edge of agriculture he embarked in farming on his own account on a quarter-section of land. As time passed he prospered in his farming operations and kept adding to his landed possessions until he had accumulated fourteen Inmdred acres of land in Logan county. He was also extensively engaged in stock-raising and met with good success in that undertaking. As a director and stockliolder he was identified with banks at Atlanta. Bloomington and Lincoln, and was one of the principal stockholders of the bank at Carlin\-ille. of which his son, Abraham L., \\as cashier, and Frank, assistant cashier. He was a most capable financier and shrewd business man. possessing extraordinary good judgment and keen discrimination. His residence, in which Joseph W. now lives, is one of the most beautiful country homes in the county. The father died in February, 1898. honored and respected by all who knew him. Joseph \\'. Holilit was born Xo\-ember 28, 1856, on the old homestead in .\tlanta township where he now resides, and his early education was received in the district schools of the neighborhood, later attending the Shurtleff College at Alton, Illinois. His life has been devoted to agriculture, and he now owns and operates four hundred acres of valuable land, which is under a high state of cu!ti\atiiin and supplied \\ ith all of the con- veniences and accessories found upon a model farm of the present day. On the 5th of November, 1892, Mr. Hob- lit was united in marriage with Miss Ivy L. Tuttle, daughter of Alarion Tuttle, of At- lanta, who lost his life while defending the stars ami stripes in the Civil war. Mrs. Hoblit is a member of the Baptist church and a most estimable lady. In his political views otir subject is a Republican, but he has never taken an active part in public affairs, his time and attention l)eing de^-oted to his business. He has traveled considerably and has gained that extensive knowledge of the world which only travel can bring. His so- cial, genial nature makes him well liked, and he is a stanch and loyal friend, fond of good' fellowship and devoted to those who have bis confidence. The name of Hoblit is well known throughout this and adjoining conn- ties, and the members of the family are noted ' for their pluck, ambition and good judg- • ment. \\ ILLIAM H. BOWLES. William H. Bowles, an extensive farmer of Orvil township, Logan county, Illinois, resides on section 2 and is also engaged in' the grain Inisiness in the village of Emden. He was born near Clinton, De Witt county, Illinois, December 20, 1847, ''"^^ '* "^ son of Dax'id Bowles, a sketch of whom appears- elsewhere in this volume. He was \ery young when lirought by his parents to Logan county, and received his education in the schools of Orvil towjiship, and then assisted" his father upon the farm until his marriage, August 22, 1875, when he was united to Jennie M. Smallwood, a native of Pike coun- ty, Illinc:is. Slie was born February 12, 1850, and is a daughter of John A. and ;\Iary ( \^an Gundy) Smallwood, lioth na- tives of the east, who came west at an early day and settled in Pike county, Illinois, where they lived until 1853, and then moved to Logan county. They settled in West Lin- coln township and li\-ed on a farm until 1870, when they mo\ed to Orvil township,. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 433 and remained on a farm tlieie for six years. They tlien removed to Tazewell county, Illi- nois, where both now reside, living on a farm which is operated by a son, Mr. Smallwood lia\-ing- retired from active life. Mr. and ]\Irs. Bowles had two children, namely: ]\Ianiie B., born on Januarv 27, 1877, is now at home: Brook D., born on September 17, 1881, died on February 22, 1901. After his marriage our subject moved to his ]iresent farm, known as the old Jesse Bowles farm, and he now owns two hundred and twenty-six acres on sections 2 and 3, Orvil township, and also ten acres of timber land in Eminence township. He is one of the largest lando\A'ners in the township. He is also in partnership with D. H. Gemberling and the firm own an ele\'ator in Emden and do an extensive grain business. In politics j\lr. Bowles is a Prohibitionist and he and his wife and daughter are active members of the Bethel Cliristian churcii of Orvil township, in. which denomination they take a great interest and of which he is a deacon. Brook D. was also a member of the same church. As a farmer, a business man, a Christian, a husband and father, ]\Ir. Bowle.s has proven himself an honorable man and a faithful follower of the teachings of his Master. HARDIX B. WALTERS. For many years Hardin B. Walters has been one of the highly respected citizens of Logan county. Illinois. His Ijirtb occurred ir, Hardin county, Kentucky, December ig, 1856, and he is a son of Jacob W. and Lydia (Funk) Walters, the former of whom was born in 18 17 and the latter in 1823, in the State of Kcntuck\'. Thev are now hale and I'.earty residents of Ci)ttey\-ille. Kansas, the father lun'ing reached his eightx'-fourth vear antl the mother her seventy-eighth. They became the parents of eleven children, one of whom died in infancy, and one daughter, IMary L.. who was the wife of F. P. Marvin, died in Lincoln. ]\Iav 26, 1890. The sur- vi\'ors are as follows: Sarah, who is the wife of H. C. Perry, of Coffeyville, Kansas; Jacob A. is a farmer in Oklahoma: Eliza- beth, wife of John Shi\'el, of Coffe\'\ille. Kansas: Grace B., wife of George Pember- ton. of Sedalia. [Missouri: Robert, a farmer in East Lincoln township: Hardin B.. the suijject of this sketch : William, who li\-es in Coffeyville : Theodore, an engineer, living- in Coft'eyville. Kansas : and Frank, who lives in Coloradi). The education of the children was obtained in Missouri, where the family lix'ed for seventeen vears prior to their re- moval to Kansas. Our subject, Hardin B. \\'aters. received liut a limited education, and was reared on the farm, remaining at home until he reached his nineteenth year and then began the shaping of his own career. Coming to Lo- gan count}', Illinois, he engaged in farm work during the summers and eagerly em- Ijraced the chance of attending school during the winters, and thus secured a good com- mon school education. For six years he worked on farms and then rented a desiraljle tract, exercising continual diligence and economy until he was able to purchase his present fine farm, in 1894. ^Ir. \\"alters was united in marriage. ^I.ay 29. 1883. to Miss Lydia Dunham, and thus became connected with one of the lead- ing and representative families of the county. Mrs. \\'alters was born September 19, 1862, and became one of the best educated and popular teachers in the localit\-. She is a 434 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ladv cif culture and refinement. The chil- dren born of this marriage are; Violet M., Noel D., Eva L., Harry D., \\illiam H. antl Ruth 1-".. One tlied in infancy. All lia\e been afforded e.xcellenl school privileges. The pleasant family residence of ]\Ir. and Mrs. Walters is located on section 25, East Lincoln township, the fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres extentling into sec- tion 24 also. For this land Mr. \\'alters was able to pay se\ent}-fi\e and ninety dol- lars an acre, all of which he earned h)' his industry, having had no assistance and being Avitliout means when he came to the county. ]\Ir. and I\Irs. Walters are among the leading memliers of the Christian church, of which he is one of its worthy elders, antl for se\ei'*al years he has efficiently served as school director. In a social way he is connected with Lincoln Camp, Alodern A\'oo(lmen i^.i America, in which he has man\- friends. His success shows the nat- ural results of an industrious and temperate life. Xot only does he possess ample means, Init he also enjovs the esteem of the com- munitv in which he has lived so long. JOXATH.\X COMBS. Jonathan Combs, of ]Mt. Pulaski, is now- living a retired life, in the enio\-ment of a rest which he has truly earnetl and richly deserves by reason of his industrious ef- forts of former years. Accomplishment and progress ever imply labor, energy and diligence, and it was those qualities that enabled our subject to rise from the ranks t^f the many and stand among the success- ful few. !Mr. Combs was horn in .\delphi, Ross county, Ohio, March 11, 1829, and is a son of Joshua and Sarah ( Brauclier) Combs, the former a native of Bucks county, Penn- s\l\ania, and the latter of Pickaway county, Ohio, where their marriage was celebrated. The father, who was a farmer and carpen- ter l)v occupation, continued to make his home in the Bucke_\'e state throughout life, hut a farmer of Mt. Pulaski: and Solomon, a « resident of Mt. Pulaski. During his early life John L. ^^leister attended school for about three months dur- ing the winters, and after completing" his education worked in his father's brickyard until he attained his majority. In 1862 he was united in marriage with Miss Alary Long, who was also born in Germany. They have t\vo sons living: Jolm H., who- is a resident of Alt. Pulaski ; and Fred ^^'., bookkeeper in the Scroggins Bank of Alt. Pulaski. George S. died at the age of twenty-six }-ears. Throughout his business career Air. A leister has been more or less interested in farming, and has acquired considerable property, including four hundred and eighty acres of valuable farm land in Logan county,, which he now rents. He also has eight hun- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 439 dred and forty-eight acres of land in Sanga- mon county, Illinois, and other property in Kansas, besides his fine residence in JMt. Pulaski. His land is now well improved and very valuable. The record of his early life is that of an active, enterprising, methodical and sagacious business man, and he can now afford to lay aside all business cares and enjoy a well-earned rest. Soci- allv Mr. ^leister is a prominent Knight Tem- plar Mason, belonging to Mt. Pulaski Lodge, No. Sj. F. & A. M. : Mt. Pulaski Chapter, R. .\. M. : and Mt. Pulaski Commandery, K. T. While a prominent Democrat, he has held no office. WTLLIAINI MARKWORTH. One of the leading German-. \merican citizens of Lincoln is William Markworth, r. dealer in wood, who was born in Bruns- wick, Germany, on the 25th of April, 183 1. His parents, Gustavus and Caroline (Boek- man") ]\Iark worth, spent their entire lives in that country. His father was an attorney, and for a number of years served as state's attornev, the appnintment to that office being for life in Germany, which position is only given to men of prominence in their pro- fession. The mother of our subject was de- scended from a good old family. \lv. Alarkworth, who is one of a family of six children, began his education in a Jewish institute, which was the best school in his locality. Later he entered the gym- nasium at Brunswick, where he was a student from the age of thirteen to eighteen years, and he later served twelve months in the German army as a volunteer during the Schleswig-Holstein war. Determined to try his fortune in the new world, ^Ir. Markworth sailed from the port of Bremen in 1851, and after a voyage of six weeks landed in New York on Pentecost morning. He first located at South Orange, New Jersey, where he was employed as an attendant in a water cure for a time. He then came west tO' St. Louis, Missouri, up the ^lississippi river to Galena, Illinois, and from there proceeded to Springfield, this state, where he found employment in a drug store, having previously learned that busi- ness. After spending eighteen months there he went to Galveston, Texas, where he also engaged in clerking in a drug store for a time, and ne.xt held the position of agent and collector on the Galveston News. In 1856 he returned to Springfield, Illinois, and clerked in a drug store until the following year, when he came to Lincoln. In this county he fir.st worked as a harvest hand. Ijut in the fall of 1858 enteretl the employ of Kelso & Boren, of Lincoln, with whom he remained some time. Mr. Markworth next engaged in getting out timber for railroad.s and coal shafts. He also opened a Ijrick vard, being engaged in the manufacture of brick for fifteen )-ears, and he made most of the brick for the Illinois Asylum fnr Feeble Minded Children, the poor house and many other buildings in Lincoln. He has since engaged in contracting with the railroad to furnish timbers, ties, piles and bridge tim- bers. In business affairs he has steadily prospered through his upright, honorable dealings. He is a man of keen perception and unbounded enterprise, and his success is entirely due to his own well-directed efforts. Mr. Markworth was elected supervisor for his township, and during his incumbency the county jail was erected, he lieing chairman of the committee on pulilic buildings. 440 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ]Mr. Markworth was married in April, i860, to Miss Augusta Richter, of Lincoln, .a daughter of Frederick Richter. and to them were born four children : Oscar, who is with his father ; Emma, at home : ^linnie, wife of Mark MacEndree, of Chicago ; and William, at home. Mrs. ^Slarkworth ilied September 21, i88t). The}- were members of the Evangelical Lutheran church, of which he was one of the first organizers and .a liberal supporter. J. DANIEL CURRY. J. Daniel Curry, familiarly known as Uncle Dan l)y the younger generation and his many friends throughout Logan count}-, is now practically living retired on the old homestead in East Lincoln township, where he has resided continuously since 1855. He was born in Grant county. Kentuck}-. Janu- ary 13. 1822. His father. Nicholas Curry, was a native of Ireland, and was only fifteen vears of age when he came to America. Settling in Kentucky, he tliere married Miss Elizabeth Robinson, a native of that state, and in 1829 they can-ie with their family to Illinois and located in Scott county, where, in the midst of the timber, the father cleared and improved a farni of eighty acres with the assistance of his children. There he died at the age of eighty-four years, and his wife at the age of sixty-eight. Ten children were born to them, but only two are now living, namely : J. Daniel, the subject of this sketch : and Ellen, wife of William ^Nlerris. who lives near Decatur, Illinois. Three of "the family died in early childhood. Our suljject w-as only se\-en years i;ild on the remo\-al of the familv to Scott countv. Illinois. His early educational advantages were limited to a few months" attendance at the i)rimiti\e schools found in this state dur- ing his lioyhood. These structures were l)uilt of logs and seated with slab benches. Leax-ing home at the age of fourteen, he commenced \\-orking as a farm hand, and two years later went to Missouri, where the following two years were passed. He then returned to Illinois, and continued to work 1)}- the month for se\en years, receiving ten dt)llars per month during the summer and eight dollars in winter. Saving his money, he was at length able to purchase two hun- dred acres of land in Scott county, for which he paid ten dollars per acre, and at once turned his attention to the improvement and culti\ation of the propertv. In 1847 Mr. Curry w-as married in Scott count}- to ]\Iiss Maria Green, a native of England, who was only two years old when Ijrought to this countrv. and is now seventv- three years of age. For over fifty years they hax'e now traveled life's journey to- gether, sharing its joys and sorrows, its ad- versity and [jrosperitv. and in 1897 cele- lirated their golden wedding. yir. Curry came to Logan county in 1S55 ■'"'"1 purchased three hundred and twenty acres of land on section 16. East Lincoln township, which has since been his home. He has transformed the w-ild prairie into a UKist lieautiful and highly culti\-ated farm, making all of the improvements upon liis place, which is to-day one of the most de- sirable farms of the locality. Every dollar that he possesses he has made through his own industry and good management and the assistance of his estimable wife, who has indeed proxed a true helpmate to him. En- jo}-ing good health, he has been a hard worker, and has accumulated six hundred THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 441 and ninety acres of valuable and well-im- pro\-ed land, fur which he has paid from twenty to one hundred dollars per acre, his home place costing twenty dollars. At one time he raised considerable stock, but he now rents his land and lives retired upon the original homestead, enjuying the fruits of former toil. During his long residence in this county Mr. Curry has witnessed almost its entire develoiMnent and upbuilding, and has ever borne his part in the work of improvement. He is to-day the second oldest resident of East Lincoln tf Adolph Grcjss and resides en the old homestead. Their marriage oc- curred January 14, 1900. The parents of Air. Gross, as well as himself, were originally from German)-. Fred Alotz, son of our sub- ject, was born January 24, 1866, and also resides at home with his aged mother. He carries on the work so ably begun by his hon- ored father, and is recognized as one of the leading young farmers of Logan county, willing at all times to assist in anything per- taining to the gocxl of his county. Jacob Alotz died October 31. 1891, at his 452 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. home in Logan county, surrounded by those whom lie loved and for whom he had la- bored, and by them his memory is lovingly cherished. JOHN H. LARISON. One of the most distinguished and prom- inent citizens of East Lincoln township is John 11. Larison, vice-president of the Lin- coln Logan County Farmers' Mutual Firo Insurance Company. He claims Illinois as his nati\-e state, his l)irth ha.ving occurred in McLean county, September ,^o, 1848. His parents, James M. and Margaret C. (Ham- mitt) Larison, were among the honored pio- neers of this section of the state. The father was born in Morgan count)', Ohio, March 17, 181J, and in 1830 came to Illinois with his parents, Abel and Katie Larison, the family locating in McLean county on the lf their famly now li\ing is .\bel Larison, Jr., aged eighty years, his home be'ing in Atlanta township, Log-an coimty, on land which he entered from the go\ernment. The paternal ancestors nf nur subject were of Danish origin, and the maternal of Irish extraction, James M. Larison was married near W'aynesville, DeW'ilt county, about 1834, ti; Miss Margaret Hammitt, who was born in Muskitigum county, Ohio, October 8, 1814, and had come west with her parents a few months prior to her marriage. In 1835 Mr, and Mrs. Larison remo\-ed to Brooks Gro\'c. near Stanford, McLean county, where all of their children were born, and in 1850 they came to Logan count}-, making this their liiime tbniugb(jul the remainder of their lives. The father entered government land in McLean county, and in Logan county paid six, eight and ten dollars per acre for tracts which he purchased, owning and op- erating three hundred and se\-enteen acres until his retirement from, active labur in 1884. He then removed to Lincoln, where he died in 1890, at the age of seventy-five }ears, nine months and seventeen days. His. wife died February 17, 1895, at the age of eighty-one \-ears, four months and eight tlays, and the remains of both were interred in Zion cemetery. Both came of long-lived families. During their early residence in this state they endured many of the hardships and pri\ations incident to pioneer life, St. Louis and Chicago being their ])rincipal mar- ket places in those days, Mr. Larison was- one of the committee appointed to lay out many of the roads in this C(-)unty, and in many ways materially aided in its de\-elop- ment and upbuilding. He had receixed a fair education and was a well-posted man, who took an active interest in all philati- thropic enterprises, and during the Ci\'il war ga\e liberalh" of his time and means in aiil- ing the widows and orphans of those who lost their li\-es on southern battlefields. The Republican ])art\' always found in him a stanch su])porter of its principles, and he held some scho<)l and township offices, but never sought political honors. He was wideh- and favorabl}' known thi'oughout th.e count\-, and is deser\ing of prominent mention on her roll of honored pioneers. John H. Larison, of this review, is the youngest in a family of si.x children, the others being as follows: Ruth H. is now the widow of John T. Butler, of Kansas THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 453 City, Missouri. Thomas Perry died Janu- ary ;^o, 1901, in Trinity county, California, where he located in i860. Aroline is the wife of William TiKjmey, of Gett}shurg. South Dakota. Samuel H. lived for a time in Pottawattamie county, Iowa, but returned to Lincoln, and died at the home of his mother at the age of forty-seven years. At the beginning- of the Civil war he entered in the Second Illinois Ca\-alry, and later re-en- listed as first lieutenant in the One Hundred and Forty-fifth Illinois Infantry. Green Berry also served one year in the Second Illi- nois Cavalry, and is now a resident of Potta- wattamie county. Ii)wa. The l)n\li(]r the fi^rm name of Mayer Brcfdiers for ten years. He then followed farming in Mt. Pulaski township until his death, which occurred in 1865. He there (nvned two hundred and forty acres of rich and arable land, and had three hundred and ten acres elsewhere. His wife, who long sur\ived him, passed away in March, 1895. She was born in Strasburg, Lancaster county, Penns)h'ania. in 181 3. They had a family of se\-en children, fi\-e sons and two daughters, namel)- ; Sanuiel : Martha: George; Anna, wife of E. Stoll, who dietl September 27, 1901 : John W. ; Jacrib ; and Henry, deceased. Jacob Ma\er was educated in the public schools, which he attended until fifteen years of age, and during the following three vears he was with the family on the farm. He then learned the harnessmaker's trade with the firm of Mayer & Reitz, serving a three years' apprenticeship. In October, 1871, he purchased the business, and carried it on alone until 1873, when he admitted his Ijrother John W. to i)artnership, the firm be- ing since known as J. Ma\er & Brother. They have built up an excellent trade and ha\-e occupied the same building since De- cember, 1873. Besides his business prop- erty our subject owns a nice home in Mt. Pulaski, which was purchased by him in 1888, and he also has a good farm of one hundred and sixty acres in Kansas. He is a wide-awake, energetic business man, and generallv carries forward to successful com- pletion whate\-er he undertakes. In 1872 Mr. Mayer wedded ]\Iiss Mary Schick, of Mt. Pulaski, a daughter of Adam THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 46 r and Lena Schick. Tliey have two sons : ^^'iUiam \V.. a jeweler of this city; and Ehner B., who is attending the State Uni- versity at Champaign, Ilhnois. The family is 'one of pronninence in the community where they reside and have a host of friends thnmghi.ait the county. ]\tr. ]\Iayer is a member of the Lutheran church and has taken an acti\e part in local affairs, having ser\ed a number of terms on the city coun- cil and is at present a member of the board of education. He is rather liberal in his political views and is now a stanch Sound- Money Democrat. H. KXA.VK. I H. Knaak, owner of one hundred and sixty acres of tine farming land on sections 15 and 16, Prairie Creek township, has been a resident of Logan county. Illinois, since 1879. but was born in Germany on April 27, 1853. He is a son of Fred and Charlotte (Groth) Knaak. both nati\es of Germany, who came to America with our subject in 1879 and settled in Prairie Creek township. Here the father lived until his death, in Oc- tober. 1 88 1, and the mother until she died. February 5, 1892. The parents had eight children, all of whom are deceased except three who came tij America, namelv : Fred. whi> married Albertina Rade and resides in I'rairie Creek township, engaged in fanning; Olreka. wife of August Seefeldt. residing near Atlanta, this county ; and our subject. All of these children received good educations in Ger- many in their native language. I The family settled on A'alle\' land upmi I coming to this country and it has pro\-ed very fertile. Our subject now owns one liundred and sixty acres of land on section 21, Prairie Creek township, on which he carries on general farming and stock raising, and it is as good land as an_\- to be fiiund in the county. On September 18, 1874. Mr. Knaak was married to Miss Augusta Sell, a native of Germany, born on October 8, 1853,3 daught- er of Fred Sell, also a native of Germany, who died in America. Our subject and wife had ele\"en children, nameh' : Fred, who married Katie Fitchen and li\'es near our suljject : Albert, who married Lizzie Heitz- man and li\-es in Dela\an : Otto, who lives near Dela\-an ; Ernest, at home: Richard, who died at the age of one year ; and Robert Richard. Annie, Henry, Bertha and William, all at home. In politics Air. Knaak is a Democrat, and is now pole master of the township. Both he and his excellent wife are members of the ( -erman Lutheran church of Emden. Air. Knaak is essentially a self-made man. for he started out in life with nothing but his own willing hands and earnest purpose to make all he could of his life. That he has suc- ceeded, his fine farm and comfortable house ( one of the finest farm houses in the county) ami)ly testify. He and his entire family en- joy the highest esteem of the entire neigh- borhood, and in matters relating to township affairs Mr. Knaak takes a leading' part. TAMES M. AIOOS. James AI. Moos, who is now so efficientlv serving" as chief of police in Lincoln, has s]:!ent his entire life in Logan countv. He was born on a farm in East Lincoln town- ship, January I. 1862, a son of Christian and ^Margaret ( Ray) Moos. The father was 462 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. hnvn in Denmark alimit TS36 and came to .the new wnrld when young, .\fter follow- ing the sea as a ship carpenter for three \'ears, he located in Xew York City, where he was married and resided for a number ot years. In 1852 he came with his family ii> Logan county, Illinois, and entered the em- ploy of the Chicago & Alton Railroad Com- ])any, being their first section foreman fron; Lincoln to Atlanta. He was killed in the vicinity of Lincoln when our subject was only nine months old. His wife, who was born in 1828. in County Antrim, in the north of Ireland, is still living at the age of seven- ty-four years. They were the parents of the following named children: Alaria. wife of James Lynch, of Lincoln ; Francis, a miner of Lincoln : Peter, a resident of the same place; Jennie and Christian, deceased: and James ^I.. of this review. Our subject is indebted to the public schools of Lincoln for his educational advan- tages. His early life was sjient upon a farm, and later he engaged in coal mining ami working in a tile factor}-. For tweh-e years he has lieen on the police force of Lincoln, and in May, 1901, was appointed chief if police, which important position he is no\v filling- with credit to himself and to the en- tire satisfaction of the citizens of Lincoln. On the 2ist of April, 1885. Mr. Moos married Miss Nora E. Sharp of Lincoln, who was born in Pennsylvania, and is a daugh- ter of James and Mary (Moran) Sharp. Her father was a native of Glasgow, Scot- land. Mr, and ]\Irs. Moos have no chil- dren of their own, but have an adopted daughter, Elizabeth Jennie, the child of Mr. Moos' sister. In his political views Mr. Moos is a stanch Republican, and in his social relations is a meml)er of Lincoln Lodge, No. 204, I. O. O. F. ; and Keokuk Tribe, No. 67, I. O. R. M. He is also a memljer of the Federa- tion of r.abor, and does all in his power to promote the interests of the laboring classes. At an early age he started out toi make his (;wn way in the world, being deprived of a father's care and advice, antl he deserves great credit for the success he has achieved. Mr. and ]\Irs. Moos are communicants of St. I'atrick's Catholic church, and have a good home at 215 \\'illard a\enue, Lincoln. ERNEST M. MOOS. Ernest M. ]\Ioos. an expert machinist residing in Lincoln, Illinois, was born jn that city on the 30th of August, 1867, and is a son of Ji^hn P. and Sophronia (Ely) I\[oos, who are still living here. The father was born in Denmark in 1836, and was reared and educated in his native land. There he learned the machinist's trade, which he has made his life work. On his emigration to America in 1859. he located in Lincoln, Illinois, and has since been identified with its industrial interests. His wife is also a native of Denmark. They are the parents of the following named children : August, a machinist of Bloom- ington, Illinois; Fred, a harnessmaker of Knoxville, Illinois; Ernest M.. our subject; Annie, wife of John Crawford, of Beason, Illinois: Lina D., who is now engaged in teaching in the public schools of Lincoln, and also teaches music at home, being an accomplished inusician ; and Emil, late pro- bate judge of Logan county, who died April 8, 1900, in his thirtieth year. The subject of this review- passed his boyhood and youth in Lincoln, attending both the public and high schools, as well as a German school of this city. At the age THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 463 of eigliteen lie commenced learning the machinist's trade with his fatlier, and after completely mastering the hnsiness went to St. Louis, Missouri, where he followed his chosen occupation for a time. He next si>ent alx>ut a year in Spring-field, that state, and (in the expiration of that time returned to Lincoln. Illinois, and entered the employ of the Illinois Asylum for Feeble ]^Iinded Children, as a machinist, doing all of the repairing at that institution for ten years under the administrations of Dr. W. B. Fish. Dr. .Miller aixl Dr. J. W. Smith. He was then removed f.:)r political reasons and accepted a position in the Lincoln furniture factory. Subsequently he was engineer for the Electric Street Railway of Lincoln at their power house. Being a skilled machin- ist, he has at times done considerable work in repairing and overhauling the plumbing in different establishments in the city. I\Ir. Moos was married December 14, 1892, to ]\Iiss Lizzie Gehres, of Lincoln, a native of Ohio and a daughter of John and Hannah Gehres, of Lincoln. To them have been 1x)rn two children : Helen and Ernest Neal. In the spring of igoi Mr. Moos was elected alderman from the fourth ward on the Democratic ticket fm" a term of two years, and most acceptably filled that ix)S!- tion. Socially he is an honored member of Mozart Lodge, No. 345, I. O. O. F. WILL P. \\'AKEI\IAN. The deserved reward of a well-spent life is an honored retirement from business, in which to enjoy the fruits of former toil. To- day, after a useful and beneficial career, Will P. Wakeman is cjuietly living at his pleasant j home, Xo. 140 Ninth street, Lincoln, sur- rounded by the comfort that earnest labor has brought him. He was born in Wayne county. New York, September 11, 1840, and is a son of John and IMargaret (Sny- der) AV'akeman. nati\es of Germanv. On coming to the United States the father located in Lvons, New York, but later removed to Newark, \\'ayne county. New York, where he engaged m business as a carriage and wagon manufacturer until his death, which oc- curred in 1850. His wife long survived him, passing away in 1891. Mr. Wakeman. of this review, completed his education at an academy in Macedon, Wayne count}-. New \'ork. .Vfter his re- turn from the war he took the proscriljed course and graduated from Duff's Commer- cial College, at Columbus, Ohio. Wiien the Civil war ):)roke out he manifested his patri- otism by enlisting in November, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Sixtieth New York Volunteer Infantry, under Col- onel Van Patten. The reriment was as- signed to the Department of the Gulf, un- der the comi-nand of General Butler, and was first ordered to New Orleans. In 1S63 they were transferred tr. which he filled for many years. He mar- ried Miss Elizabeth Powell, a native of Illi- nois, who died in Logan county in 1875, at the age of thirty-four years. Of the seven children Ixirn of this union two died in in- fancy. The others are William J., the eld- est and only son ; Eliza, wife of William Alexander, of Tazewell county: ^Nlary, whi-> is now the widow of Alex Steninger and is keeping house for her father; ^largaret, w'vie of Xelson Parker, of Lincoln: and Kittie. wife of Harry Wakeman, oi Lin- coln. All were educated in the district schools, while ^klargaret graduated in mu- sic at Lincriln University, and Kittie took a ncjrmal course. William J. Houston of this review grew to manhood upon the home farm and re- mained under the parental roof until 1888, when his father removed to Lincoln, leav- ing him in charge of the farm, which he successful! v operated until 1900. During that time he made enough to buy a farm of liis own. He purchased one hundred and ten acres of land in Orvil township, pay- ing on an average of fifty dollars an acre. Selling that place in 1900, he bought his l)resent farm of one hundred and sixty acres on section j6. East Lincoln township, which he has since improved by the erection of a modern and ctommodious residence. He carries on general farming and stock-rais- ing, and is meeting with good success, be- ing a luan ul keen fliscrimination and smmd judgment. On September 11, 1890, Air. Houston was united in marriage with Aliss Carrie 25 B. Seibert, who was born in Eminence township, this county, June 28, 1867, and was educated in the district schools. Her father, the late Jacob Seibert, was one of the early settlers of the count}-. She is the fourth in order of birth in a family of five children. Air. and Airs. Houston liave three children : Glenn Seibert, born July 20, 1891 : Alerlin Leslie, August 5, 1893; and Corinne Elizabeth, born July 18, 1895. By his ballot Air. Houston supports the men and measures of the Republican party; has been active in party work, and has served as delegate to count}- con\-entions several times. While residing in Orvil township he filled the office of school trus- tee sexeral times. He was one of the rep- resentative citizens of his conimunitv, and is cjuite influential and popular. Air. and Airs. Houston are members of the Cumber- land Presbvterian church of Lincoln. PHILIP J. ADOLPH. Philip J. Adolph, the owner of one hun- dred and sixty acres of land on section 17, Prairie Creek township, has been a resident of this coinitv for thirty-three years. He was born in Tazewell county, Illinois. Jan- uar\- 22, 18O1, and is a son of Alichael and Agnes ( Groensfelder ) Adolph, both natives- of (iermanv. wlirv came to America in 184.7' and settled near Chelsea, Alichigan. Here the father worked as a blacksmith for a short time and then they removed to Wood- fiird county. Illinois, and later to Pekin, Tazewell county, where he worked on a farm and at everything honest that present- ed itself in order 'to su])])ort his wife and family. Here he remained until 1868 when he settled on section 6, Prairie Creek town- ship, Logan county, and engaged in farming 468 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tlie remainder of liis lite. Here he died Deeemlier 23, 1890. wiiile his wife (hed about r^j6. Ten chiUh-en were born to them, namely : Catlierine. who lives on the old homestead; Lena, wife of Augustus Schweizer. of Clinton. Illinois; Pauline, at home; Philip, our subject Charles, who died at the ag-e of two years ; Henry, at home: Louis, a butcher of Delavan, Illinois; Agnes, Eva and Lydia, all three at home. All recei\-ed good common school educa- tions in the district schools of the se\-eral localities in which tlie family resided. After attaining- his majority our subject engaged in farming. He was married in 1888 to Belta Buss, a native of Germany, anil a daughter of Captain L. L. Buss, an early settler of Prairie Creek township, who ■died in 1897. The mother died in 1883. Three children ha\-e been born to i>ur sub- ject and wife, namely ; Agnes. Alma and Luc\-. Mr. Adolph located on his present farm after his marriage and now owns one liun- dred and sixty acres of land, on which he carries on general farming and stock rais- ing, and has been very successful. In poli- tics he is a stanch Repulilican and has been honored with the office of township collector for some years. Socially he is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen of San Jose. Illinois, and Imth he and his wife are consistent members of the ]\Ieth- ■odist church of San Jose, as were their par- ents before them. In educational matters ^Ir. Adolph also takes a deep interest and has served the township as school director for several years. In every relation of life, he has pro\en himself a man of worth ami abilitv and one willing to discharge the duties of his position as a prominent citizen, as well as a successful business man and the head of a familv. HEXRY SHIRLEY. Henry Shirley, one of the prosperous farmers of Or\il townshij) and director for the Logan Countv Mutual Insurance Com- l)any, is descended from one of the early settlers in this locality. His father. \\'illiam R. Shirley, was born in Scott county. Ken- tuckw in 1819. and there engaged in farm- ing until 1846. when he came west and settled in Logan county in what was then West Lincoln township, and continued farmijig for one vear. He then moved to what is now Orvil townshi]) and settled on sec:tion 2j. where he resiiled engaged in farming- until 185 1. In March of that year he moN'ed to his son's ]>resent farm on sec- tion 15. where he resided until his death, which occurred August 5, 1862. His wid- ow new resides in Des Moines. Iowa, with a daughter.. The ])arents had twehx children, nine of \\hom are now living, namely: James, who married Elizabeth Stewart and resides on a farm near our subject; Martha, wife of Elisha Ashlev. residing near Sioux City, Iowa: John \\ ., who resides in Newton, Kansas: Henrv, our subject; Oliver, a farm- er in Ford county. Illinois: George, an at- ttn-ney m Chicago; Charlie, also an attorney in Chicago; Sarah, who resides in Iowa with her mother; ^Margaret, wife of Finley Dunlap. of Des ]\Ioines. Iowa; Emily. Sarah and Elias. now deceased. The children all received giiod common school educations and >ome of them attended college at Eu- reka. Illinois. .\fter tinishing his education, our sub- ject taught school in Or\il township for two terms and also one term in Eminence town- ship and one in \\'est Lincoln township. He then settled on his present farm on section 15. Or\il township, where he now owns one THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 469 liundred and eiglity acres of good farming land on which he carries on general farming in addition to acting as director for the Logan County Mutual Insurance Company. On April 18, 1869. Mr. Shirley married Martha A. Smallwood, of West Lincoln township, a daughter of John A. and Mary (Van Gundy) Smallwood. Mr. Smallwood was a farmer in West Lincoln township and now resides on a farm in Tazewell county. Illinois. Four children have been Ijorn to our suljject and his wife, namely: John mar- ried Louella W'oland, a daughter of Eman- uel W'oland. deceased, and they live in Orvil township, on section 21 : George married Lousia Xall. a daughter of Richard Xall. a sketch of whom will be found on another page of this work, and they live on section 15. Orvil township: Bertha and IMamie are at home. In politics ]\Ir. Shirlev is a Republican and upholds the candidates of his party, and he and his wife are earnest members of the Bethel Christian church of Orvil township. In bi>th church and social circles they are very highly resjiected and have many friends in the community where they make their home. JAMES R. BRAWLEY. The greatness of a state depends not on its government but on the good qualities of its citizens and their devotion to the public welfare. Prominent in his adopted coun- ty stands the name of James R. Brawley, who was Ixjrn in Tennessee October 20. 1824. He was one of a family of six chil- dren who came to brighten the home of Thomas and Martha (Russell) Brawley. The father was from Xorth Carolina, where he was born and reared on a farm. Joining the tide of emigration which came to Illinoi.s from the border states of the South he lo- cated in Logan county in 1834, where he engaged in agriculture until his death. James R. Brawley was a lad of ten years when brought by his parents to this county, and here he received his education in the common schools. He assisted his father and gained his practical knowledge of farm- ing. When he was thirty years of age lie iDegan farming for himself on land which he rented for four years. His first pur- chase was that of forty acres. By industry and economy the following year he added forty acres more, for which he paid one dol- lar and twenty-five cents an acre. He was of a kind nature and because of his generos- ity in assisting friends he lost all he owned. With energy and perseverance he began life anew, and as the result of his labor he is now the possessor of one hundred and sev- enty acres of fine farming land where he and his aged wife are spending their declining years. His wife was formerly Miss Parmelia Attbery. a daughter of David and Polly (.\dams) Attbery. of Logan county. Mr. Attbery was a native of Kentucky, his wife of Tennessee, and they came to Logan county in the same wagon with Mr. Brawley. They always lived in Eminence township, where they both died. .Although the union of Mr. and Mrs. Brawley has been blessed with no children of their own. out of the kindness of their natures and their desire to make this world a happier place for others they have given the protection of home and parental affec- tion to several helpless and needy children. In politics Mr. Brawley is a Republican and has been a trustee of his district. He and his wife are members of long standing in the Christian church. This venerable 470 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. couple, wlio have shared the joy and brave- ly met the disappointments of life, furnish an example worthy of emulation. WILLI A ^I CARXAHAX. Among the pruminent citizens of tlu' village of Emden, Logan county, Illinois, is William Carnahau, a most worthy rep- resentative of one of the oldest families of this coimty. He was burn in Darke coun- ty, Ohio', September jg. 1828, and is a son of Elias L. and Catherine (Martin) Car- nahan, who were married in 1827. The latter was born July 11, 1808, in Ohio, and the former Octuber 17, 1804, in Darke count}-, the same state. The grandfather was William Carnahan, who was born in Virginia, Xovember 14, 1770, and moved from there intn Kentuck}-, and later tn Ohio, locating in Darke coimty, where he spent his last years. Elias L. Carnahan, the father of our subject, was a farmer of Darke coimty, Ohio, until September i, 1854, at which time he started westward, locating on sec- tion 3, Orvil township, Logan county, Illi- nois. On this farm Mr. Carnahan made many improvements and resided upon this land until he died, October 6, 1874. The children born to Elias Carnahan and wife were nine in number, and William, the sub- ject of this sketch, was the eldest of the fam- ily, the others Iieing as follows: Elizabeth, the wife of James Hayes, a farmer near Blocniington, Illint;is; Sarah Ami, de- ceased ; Martin, who now resides in Sedg- wick county, Kansas; Frances, who mar- ried Jobn Hall, of Greenville, Ohio; Elias, who is a resident of Sedgwick county, Kan- sas : Robert, who^ is also a farmer in Sedg- wick county. Kansas; Ciiarlotte, who mar- ried Henry C. Quisenberry, of Linc(jln, Illinois; John, who died young; and Mar- garet C, who died in 1849, 'i" '-'f them lie- ing given a comuKm school education. While a resident of Darke county, Ohio, our subject, William Carnahan, was united in marriage December 26, 1848, tO' ]\Iiss Mary Mark, who was born in Adams coun- ty, Penns}lvauia, and was a daughter of John Mark, wh(.> was a farmer in that lo- calit}'. Mrs. Carnahan died in July, 1878, lea\ ing nine children, these being: Elias, born on January 3, 1850, married Eliza- beth (iallagher, of Logan county, Illin(jis, and is now engaged in a general merchan- dise business at Emden under the tirm name of Bowles & Companx'. His three children were: Harrv L., deceased, S. C. ;uid I). B. Elizabeth, the wife of John Atkins, resides in Oklahoma. John resides in Sedgwick county, Kansas; Ellen is the wife of Z. ^IcAllister and resides in Taze- well county. Illinois; Franklin died at the age of nineteen vears ; Clara, the wife of Douglas Thompson, lives in Sedgwick county, Kansas; Kenneth E. married Eme- line Bennett and they reside in Boynton township. Tazewell count}'. Illinois. Alva (i. married Catherine Xine, and they are farmers, living in Orvil township; and Lucy, who married Joshua ]\Iontgomery,. resides in ( )rvil township. In 1855 Mr. Carnahan followed his fa- ther to Illinois and settled on section 10, near his father's farm. .\t that time the town of Emden was not in existence and the nearest market was Peoria. The farm was without improvements and it required much ;nid constant industrv to place the land under cultivation, erect suitable buildings, set out orchards and attend to the fencing, but for eight years our subject attended to these. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 471 affairs. Moving then to another farm south iji this one. he remained there for three years, just as industrious as ever, but at the end of that time tried tlie cultivation of the old Ware farm, in Tazewell county, returning the next year to Logan county. For the five succeeding years he lived on a farm on section 11, mo\ing then to what is locally known as the Alexander farm, re- maining on it for two years. ^Ir. Carnahan then moved his family into the village of Emden and for several years engaged in running a thresher and com sheller. later going back to farming for several more years. In July. 1881. huw- e\'er. he returned to Emden and was en- gaged until October. 1898. in the hotel and dray business. Selling out his interests at that time he is now living in well-earned re- tirement. For six years he efficiently per- formed the duties of constable, in connec- tion with his cither business. During the past three years he has done soine buying and shipping of stock, being a man whose en- ergy will not permit him to be entirely idle. The second marriage of ^Ir. Carnalian was in 1881. to Mrs. Mary A. (Johnson) Snyder, who was born in Scioto county. Ohio, on July 2. 1835, and was a daughter Logan o.unty, Illinois, in 1868. settling in Emden. where the built the present Em- den Hotel, conducted this hostelry, taught .school and also engaged in farming. His death occurred on July 30. 1877. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder had seven children, as follows : J. Henry, who married Mary E. Stafford and resides at Mount Pulaski, where he is en- gaged in a general mercantile business; A\'illiam O., who married Jennie Peck and resides at Irma. Wyoming; Oscar J., who resides at Emden. Illinfus: J. Milton, a hotel man of Emden. who married Laura Edwards and has two chjldren. Alma and Arthur; E. J., who resides in Irma, Wyom- ing; Charles, who died young; and Phoebe, wlio died in 1877. In politics Mr. Carnahan has been an ardent Republican ever since the Civil war, and socially he is connected with no orders, although Mr. Snyder, his step-son, belongs to both Knights of Pythias and Wrxxlmen. Both are also members of the Christian church. Through life Mr. Carnahan has been energetic and progressive, interested in the progress and development of his sec- tion. He is one of the prominent citizens of the township and county and is highly esteemed. ROBERT PECH. Robert Pech. of Oran township, was born in Germany on Christmas day. 1846, and is one of five children who came to the home of Ferdinand and Dora Pech. Ferdinand Pech, who was a millwright, died when his son Robert was eight years old. Owing to the death of his father our subject was obliged to assist his mother in the support of her family and did not have the opportunity to obtain as good an edu- cation as he desired. Being ambitious to make his start in life in a less crowded country than his native one. in the year 1870, when twenty- four years of age, he took passage for the United States of Amer- ica. He landed in Xew York, then jour- neyed to Pennsylvania, where he learned the trade of a mason. As he was a good me- cha;iic he was successful in obtaining em- ployment. 472 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. In 1 87 1 he came to INIcLean county. Illi- nois, where he worked at his trade till 1875. \\'ien he located in Logan county. When Mr. Pech first settled in this county he started a brick yard, which he continued to run for thirteen years. The first three years pro\ed ^■ery unsuccessful, but since that time it has been just the reverse. When he first started in this industry he had eigh- teen hundred dollars, but lost every cent in six weeks on account of the heavy rains. A little at a time he accumulated property till he is now the possessor of two hundred and forty acres of fine farming land on sec- tion 4. Oran township, with a good resi- dence on it. He is very successful as a stock raiser and the great herds grazing in his wide pastures are a pleasing sight. On October 29. 1871, ilr. Pech was united in marriage with Miss Henrietta Stark, a daughter of Jacob Stark, who was a native of Germany, but died in Waterloo, Wisconsin. The marriage ceremony of Mr. Pech and Mfss Stark was performed at Bloomington. Illinois, and to them were lx>rn ten children, cf whom two died in in- fancy. Their living children are: Fred- erick W".. born May 29. 1874: William F., born June 3, 1877: Henry C, born October 1. 1880: Adolf J., torn April 16. 1882: Dora. Ixirn Xovember 9. 1883: Anna E.. born Xovember 5. 1885: Henrietta, her mother's namesake, born July 29, 1889. and Arthur, the baby, born May 29, 1896. Mr. Pech. his wife and their children are strict members of the Lutheran St. Louis church. In jxilitics he affiliates with the Democratic i>arty. He is a man who has never sought publicity but by his honesty has won the confidence of the citizens of his conimunity who have honored him with the presidency of the school Ixxird and also made him a director, which place he has held for three years. He is one of Logan coun- ty's most honest and industrious farmers. His mother, who resides in Iowa at the ripe old age of eighty-three years, may well be proud of her boy who began his life work with no capital but his own strong hands and brave heart, and in a strange land has won financial success and an honored name. He is truly a self-made man. Always just in his dealings, he merits the success which has attended his well-directed efforts. AXTHOXY J. LUDLAM. One of Eminence township's old and honored citizens is Anthony J. Ludlam. who has been identified with the agricultural interests of this county for almost half a century. A native of Xew Jersey, he was born at Dennis Creek, July 6. 1827, and is a son of Jeremiah J. and Deborah A. ( Fort- iner) Ludlam. Our subject's maternal grandfather was Joshua Fortiner. who was born at Cape May. Xew Jersey, and fol- lowed the occupation of a farmer. He was lost at sea. Jeremiah J. Ludlam. the father of our subject, was also born at Cape May of English ancestry and made his home in the east until 1843. when he removed to Sangamon county. Illinois, where he oper- ated a rented farm of one hundred and fifty acres for five years. In the meantime he had sa\-ed enough mone}" to purchase one hundred and sixty acres, which he improved and successfully carried on until the death of his wife, which occurred December 2, 1874. He then made his home with our subject for a time, but spent his last days with his son Rhiner in Iowa, where he died. He had a family of six children, five ot~ whom still survive him. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 473 Tlie subject cif this sketch was reared in his native state ami remained under tlic ])arental roof until fourteen years of age, when he went to sea and spent three years on the briny deep. In 1843 he accompanied the famih- on their removal to Sangamon countw Illinois, and was engaged in farm- ing there for ti\e \ears. He was married in T848 to Miss Priscilla S. Hand, a daughter of Xathaniel Hand, who was originally from .\e\\ \nvk and died in Xew Jersey. Immedialeh' after his marriage Mr. Lud- lam rcmiA'ed to' Springlield, where he found employment in a general store, serving in the capacity of clerk for ti\-e years. In 1854 he came to Logan county, and resumed farming in .\tlanta township, where he re- sided until 1880. with the exception of three }ears sjicnt on a farm of three hundred acres in Mt. Hope townshi]), McLean count)-. Since then he has made his home in Emin- ence t(.wnship, where he owns a hue farm of cnie hundred acres on section 10. This jilace is under a high .state of culti\-ation and well improved, and its neat and thrifty ap- pearance testifies to the careful supervision of the owner. L'nto Mr. and Mrs. Ludlam were born eleven children, of whom five are living, namelv : .\nn |ulictta. born Septemlier 17. 1850; Deborah A., born June 6, 1852: .\n- thony J.. Jr.. Imrn July 25, J854: Edward E., born May 15, i86j: and Letitia S., born October 2, i8()4. Those deceased were Xathaniel H.. wh.. died May 17. 1888; EL ton (i., who died .\])ril 25, 1865 ; Shann T.. who died October 14, 1868: Henry H., who flicd -September 12. 1870: .\(la P.. who died .'^e])tember 2J, 1874: and one who died in infancy. Besides their own cbiklren Mr. ' ' and Mrs. Ludlam ha\e reared three others from infancy. This worthy cou])le are noted for their kindness of heart and generositv. and are universally respected and esteemed. They are earnest autl faithful members of the IMethoilist clnnx-h, to which their family also belong, and .Mr. Ludl.nm is also a mem- ber of the lnde]KMulent Order i-f Odd I'el- lows and the .Masonic fraternity, being a Sir Knight, [in cast his first presidential vote for ilenr\- Clay, the Whig candidate, and is now itlentitied with the Ue])ublican (.arty. He was connected with the legislatixe work at the state house in .Springfield in an of- ficial capa--ity fi:r eighteen years, and has al- ways conscientiously discharged any duty de\'ol\'ing u])on him, whether ])ublic 1 'r ])ri- \'ate. lie is a well educated and well read man, win takes an acli\e interest in puljlic affairs, and is regarded as one of the valued citizens of his c\' occni)ation he was a farmer and led a i|uiet and useful life. He was an active wcrk-er and faithful member of the Metho- dist Episcopal church, .\fter residing in .Scott countv for manv vears he came to Lo- gan countN' and spent bis last dax's in b'.ast Linciiln township, where he passed away in 474 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. August. 1897, at the age of about seventy years. His wife is still living, at the age of seventy-six. and makes her home with a grandson. She is a native of Ohio, and the mother of four children, namely: John T., of this review ; James X., who is a machin- ist employed in the car shops at Jacksonville, Illinois; Alary E., widow of A. Kilpatrick; and Daniel. The two younger live with their mother on the home farm. The subject of this sketch attended the district schools of his native county to a limited extent until sixteen years of age, and remained at home, giving his father the bene- fit of his labors until twentv-four. The fol- lowing two years he engaged in farming on his own account. On coming to East Lin- coln township in 1876. he located on the southeast quarter of section ifi, which land belongs to L^'ncle Dan Curry, and here he has since successfully engaged in general farm- ing. He has alwavs kept up the impro\-e- ments du the place, and its neat and thrift\' iippearance testifies to his careful su])er- vision. Mr. Green was married in Scott county. ]\Iarch 15. 1871, to Miss Carrie ]\Ieathering- ham. who was Ijorn in England, August 24, 1845, and came tcv this countr\- when a child of two }-ears. She was reared and educated in Xew York, where she lived until the removal of the family to this state. Unto ]\Ir. and ]\Irs. Green were born seven chil- dren, but two died in infanc}-. Those li\'- ing are Thomas C, a farmer of East Lin- coln township : Clara, Ethel, Pearl and Jay. all at iKJine. 'idiey were educated in the dis- trict schools of East Lincoln township. Mr. Green gives his political support to the Republican part};, and for eleven years he has elficientlv ser\'ed as school director in bis district, ha\-ing ever taken an active in- terest in educational affairs. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Epis- copal church, in which }ilr. Green has served as steward and is at present the chorister, and are people of prominence in the com- munitv where the^' reside. FRANK U; COTTLE. l""rank W. Cottle, cashier of the Bank of Idkhart. was born in Somersetshire, Eng- land, 3ilarch 15, 1847. ^\'hen but four years of age he emljarked with his parents, Francis I-", and Aime ( Bourchier J Cottle, on the sailing \essel Clara Wheeler, and after a journey of sixty-one days landed in Boston harbor. His parents were na- tives of England, and the father was an officer in the British navy, but in .\merica devoted his energies entirely to mercantile ].ursnits. L'ntil iSf)^ he continued to li\'e in Pxiston and \'icinit\-. in the meantime luu'ing made frequent trips to Illinois, where he purchased considerable farm land. After locating in Chicago at the end of the Civil war, he engaged in business on a large scale, and at the time of his death, in December. 1884, was a man of wealth and prominence in the financial world. He was a Ouaker in religious belief, and a Re- |nil)lican in national politics. The senior Air. Cottle, as well as his wife, who died ill 1896, are buried at Alount Greenwood cemeter\-. Chicago. The\' were the parents of twii children. Frank \\". and Jordan B., \vho were born in England, and came to America in 1851. Jordan B. married Louise Burnett, of Los Angeles. California, and is now the general manager of the National ' Aletal Coiupany, of the old Cit\- of Mex- ico. F. W. COTTLE. 1 i THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 477 The education of Frank ^^'. Cottle was acquired at a primary school in Boston, at the corneir of Revere and ;\\'e3t Cedar streets, conducted by Miss Cortl>ell ; at Phillips Grammar ScIkjoI ; and at the Park Latin School, conducted by Mr. Chandler, At the outbreak of the Civil war, while still a boy, he left school, and in 1872 went to Lake Superior, becoming bookkeeper in the First National Bank at Marquette, Michigan. In 1877 he came to Lincoln. Illinois, as teller in the First National Bank of that place, remaining there until he came to Elkhart in 1890. His name will ever be associated with the organization of the .sound commercial institution of which he lias since lieen the cashier, as well as stock- holder and director. At Marquette, ^lichigan. November 5, 1873. Mr. Cottle married 'Slary Eleanor daughter of Stephen R. and Sarah E. ( Ban- croft) Gay, natives of Derby. Connecticut. Mrs. Cottle was born in Berkshire county. Massachusetts. March 20, 1852, and conies of old Revolutionary stock, and is herself a member of the Daughters of the Ameri- can Revolution. In 1857 she went to Mar- quette. Michigan, with her parents, where her father became a large iron manufac- turer. He erected the first blast furnace on Lake Superior, and was the first to dem- onstrate that pig iron could be manufac- tured from the ore of Lake Superior in a blast furnace. In 1864 he visited New York and on the return journey was stiricken with pneumonia at Detroit, ^'ichigan, from which he never recovered. He is bvried at West Stockbridge, Massa- chusetts, and his wife is living with her ffldest daughter. Mrs. Van Cleve, at St. Louis, Missouri. Of the children in the family three only are now living, and be- sides Mrs. Charles Van Cleve, who has three children, there is Harry B., who is a bachelor, and Edwarfl, who married Anna Kellogg, now deceased, of Ypsilanti, Mich- igan, and who now resides in St. Louis, Missouri. Of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Cottle, Jordan B. is assistant cashier of the Bank of Elkhart, antl is an extremely popular and capable young man. He was born December 14, 1874, in Marquette, Michigan, and has developed numerous tal- ents, not the least of which has resulted in his reputation as one of the finest horse- men in the state, if not in the United States. He is known especially as a crack Rough Rider, and no broncho browses upon the plains with a will too stubborn to be con- trolled by this unequalled student of equine nature. /\ great favorite with Bufifalo Bill, and the Wild West people in general, he often assists them in giving exhibitions of prowess, to the delight and wonderment of spectators. To assist in carrying out his diversions he possesses the finest possible collection of bridles and saddles and general equipment. Of the other children, Philip Gay was born in Lincoln. Illinois, March 21. 1882. and read law with Senator John- son, of Chicago, and is now practicing at Oklahoma City. Oklahoma; John G. w5s born June i. 1884, i" Lincoln, Illinois, and is attending high school in his native town : Francis W., Ixjrn October 9, 1887, died July 2^, 1888: Robert S.. was born in Lin- coln, June 10. 1889. and is attending school at Elkhart : and Oliver B. was Ixjrn January 15. 1895. 3t Elkhart. Mr. Cottle is presi- dent of the village of Elkhart, and is now serving his second term as justice of the ]}eace of Hurlbut township. Both Mr. and Mrs. Cottle are Epicopa- lians,both being descended from archbishops 4/8 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. of Canterbury, tlie former from Arch- bisliop Bourchier and ^Irs. (rottle from Archbishop Bancroft. DAVID H. HARTS. David H. Harts, a well-kncwn attorney of Lincoln, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in the Xeppanoose valley amid the Alle- ghany mountains of Lycoming county. No- vember 9. 1839. The family is of Swiss lineage and was founded in America in col- onial davs. Philip Hartz, the great-grand- father of ( ur suliject. was burn in German- town, Pennsylvania, in 1745. and retained the original spelling of the family name which, however, has since been changed to its ])resent form. David Harts, the grand- father, was born in Berks county. Pennsyl- vania, in 1778, at which time the Revolu- tionary war was in progress. He married Miss Elizabeth Bixler. and followed farm- ing as a life work. His son, John Harts, was born at the family home in Berks coun- ty, in 1809, and also became an agricul- turist, his home being in Lycoming county, Pennsyhania. He wedded Mary M. Epler, whii was born in Pennsyhania in 18 14, and died in 1840. She was a daughter of Peter Epler, a native of York county, that state, who married Eve Christ. The Epler fam- ily is of English descent and representatives of the name are now resident of Jackson- ^•iIle, Illinois. Mrs. John Harts was sur- vi\ed by two sons, David H. and P. \\'.. the latter a resident of Springfield. Illinois. In i84(> the father married again and in 1856 removed with his family to Illinois, where he purchased a tract of prairie land in Logan county. Our subject spent the first sixteen years of his life amid the nunintains nf his native county and there aided in the cultivation of a small farm. Lessons of industry, perse- verance and determination were early learn- ed and have largely shaped his destiny, proving imixirtant factors in his success. His educational privileges were limited, but through a four-months winter term he pur- sued his studies in a school house which stood in the midst of the forest and which was supplied with westle or stool benches, without support for the back and too high by eight or ten inches for the children's feet to reach the floor. Instruction was principally given in the "Three R's — readin", ritin" and rithmetic" — and grammar and geography were not taught, so that the edu- cation which yir. Harts obtained there was very meager. He was \ery fond oi trout fishing" and hunting ami nig the mountains, and gained many lessons from nature, at the same time developing through his out- door life a strong constitution. .\fter coming to Illinois he labored on the farm and engaged in teaching school un- til i86j. He was not content with his own knowledge, however, and while ni)on the farm he laid a solid fomidation for his own education by ])ursuing the study of Englisli grammar, geography, plain surveying and algebra, and was so far advanced in the German language that at the age of twenty years he was able to read, write and speak it well. He mastered the other studies mentii.ned and during the same period wrote muiierous articles of a local char- acter for the local press. His father was in limited financial circumstances and was thus unable to gi\-e his son opp(jrtunities for ad- vanced education. There was a mortgage upon the farm and between 1856 and 1861 — the hardest times e\er experienced in Illi- nois, a debt of twent\-five hundred dollars was paid off by the jjroceeds from the farm THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 479 and the Ial)or of our subject and his brother, wlio worked out by the month. W'lien the country became in\ol\ed in civil war ]\Ir. Harts could not content him- self to remain in tlie fields, for his jiatriotic spirit was aroused and he enlisted as a pri- vate in Company C. One Hundred and Sixtli Illinois Infantrv. under Colonel R. B. Latham. On the 22d of July. ]852, at Carroll Station, Tennessee, the company was surrendered by the captain without fighting in defense and against the earnest protest of ]\Ir. Harts and many of the men, for which lie was soon afterward promoted to the rank of second lieutenant, and when a little later a \'acancv occurred he was made first lieut-enant. In the fall of 1894 the captain was called before a ciiurt martial on the charge of cowardice, and rather than meet the charge he resigned, and in Decem- ber folic iwing Mr. Harts was made captain of the company, in which capacity he ser\ed until July 12, 1865. when he was mustered out of service, but the cnmimnv was not dis- banded until Aug. 5, 1865. He was a pris- oner under parole from December. 1862. until September, 1863, being confined to the Benton Barracks at St. Louis most of the Lime. Then he found employment by being J detached as a clerk in the post adjutant's f office, and on rejoining liis crmimand at Little Rock, Arkansas, he was placed in C(jmmand of tlie first boat that ascended the .\rkansas river to Fort Smith after the cap- ture (if Little Rock, and made the trip with two pieces of artillery and fifty men — a dis- tance of six hundred miles — over shoals and sandljars. ctivering a period of thirtv davs or more, relie\'ing the garrison at Fort Smith with provisions and clotlTing. with the loss of but a single man. He remained with the cimmand in Arkansas and was for eighteen months constantlv on dut\-, on military commissions and court martials, in addition to the ordinary duties of a line of- ficer. After his return from the war Captain Harts entered upon the study of law in the Chicago Law School, in 1865, and was graduated the following year. He was ad- mitted to the bar in April, 1866. although he A\as not graduated until July of that \'ear. In August he established his office in Lin- coln and awaited clients. It was not long- before he had demonstrated his abilitv to successfully cope with the intricate prob- lems of jurisprudence, but in the meantime he again entered military life, for in August, 1867, he was appointed bv President John- son a first lieutenant in the regular armv, al- though the appointment did not reach him until October. He accepted, but owing to his father's death, which iicciu'red soringfield, of whom he was a great admirer and friend. He has never felt himself 1>ound by party ties, luit has supported such measures as he believed for the general good and voted for the men whom he has regarded as best qual- ified for office. In 1878 he was elected ti: represent the thirty-first district in the gen- eral assembly, and in 1881 he \Aas chosen chief executive of the city of Lincoln. In 1888 he made the race for governor on the Prohibition ticket, and has long Ijeen wideh' known as an ardent advocate of the tem- perance cause. He has never used intox- icants and su])pi. rts all objects which tend to the uplifting of his fellow men. In early hfe he became a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and his life has been molded b}- his Christian faith. He is some- what retiring, but always courteous and kindly in manner. He holds friendship in- violable and every trust sacred. Faultless in honor, fearless in reputatinn and stainless in conduct, the life history of Da\id H, Harts is one \\hich reflects credit upon his profession and the cit}- uf his residence. SILAS H. DR.\KE. The Drake family of Logan county, Illinois, traces an English ancestry to the noted Sir Frances Drake, and later its mem- bers became distinguished in connection with the Revolutionar)- war, and prominent in the early struggles and settlement of the .\merican colonies. Silas H. Drake, of this l>iiigraph_\-, who is a jjrominent and substantial citizen of Logan county, is a worthy representatixe of this lionorable family. 'I'he birth of Mr. Drake occurred in Miamisburg, ^lontgom- cry county, Ohio, July 9, 1S43, ^"<1 li^ is a son of Charles S. and Lucy E. { Cla_\'ton) Drake, the former of whom was born .\u- gust II, 1802. in Montrose, Xew Jersev. and the latter at Glory Hole, Clayton's Mills, near Monmouth, Xew Jersey, Jan- uary 9. 181 1, their marriage taking place in August, 1826, in Monmouth. For two years Mr. and ]\Irs. Drake re- sided in Monmouth, emigrating then to Mi- amisburg, Ohio, \\here for seven years Mr. Drake carried on a shoemaking business, going from there to Delaware county, the location of the W'esleyan University, and lived there until 1852. At that tlate he re- moved his family to- Kno'.x countw locating p.ine miles south of Mt. Vernon, that state, and c(.ming to Illinois in 1855. The eight lumdred acres of lantl which ]\lr. Drake then purchased was raw prairie, and much labor was required to place this land under cultivation. In d(;ing this it was necessary tO' use four yoke of oxen, the machinery needed, also, being of a very primiti\e kind, according to the ideas of the present farmer. Neighbi-rs were far apart, railroads few, and the nearest market was at Springfield. Here. Ik wever, he passed long and useful }ears, buying much land, at one time own- ing one thousand acres: filling all of the prominent and responsible offices in the gift of his fellow-citizens, and dying June 24, 189T, esteemed and regretted b)- the whole community. His whole life had been one filled with de\otion to his family, church and country, his religions connec- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 48 f tion having long been witli the Metlwdist clnirch. at \\'i!liams\ilk'. In the Masonic order he was higiily valued, also in the In- dependent Order of Odd Fellows, and was an ardent suppi.rter (.)f the Repuljlican part)-. Jhe honored and jjeloved nidtjier of om" subject passed awa\- January 19, iH. anil both parents were reverently interred at Fancy Creek cemetery. They were parents 'if ten children as follows: John, wlio went t(j California and tlied there in 1849: Theodore who died at the age of one and one-half years; Charles, who died in in- fanc\- : Moses C, who married Miss Jennie \'an Osdell, of Crawfordsville. Indiana, and both are now deceased; Henry, who married Columbia -\. Mc Kinney, of Spring- field, where the\' reside: Charles (2), who is .'I graduate (d' \-d\e College and Drew 'Jdieolcigical Seminary and is a mercliant in Xew Haven. Connecticut; Silas H., of this >k'etch : Octavius. wlm married Alice Wea- ver and later went to California, where he died; Zacher}- T., \\ho married Maggie Lockridge and resides on the okl home- stead: and Lizzie, who is the wife of Charles Clampet and resides in Jacksoinille, Illi- nois. The earl\- education of the subject of this sketch was obtained in the Linn Cirove dis- trict sclKiol. but his studies were interrupted Ijy the outbreak of the Civil war. Although liut se\enteen years of age. he left Ids books ti> I)ecome a defender of his country, enlist- ing in lier service .Vugust 29, 1861, in Com- pany B, Fifth Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, and lie was accnnipanied liy his brother Oc- tavius. who was 1)Ut fifteen years old. The loval spirit of both paternal and maternal ancestr\- burned in their veins. Grandfather Claxton having l^een a soldier in the Patriot army and suffering imprisonment at the bat- tle of Princeton; Thomas Kane, another an- cestor, also ser\-ing in the same army ; still another valiantly serving under Commodore i'erry, wliiJe liis father was a member of the militia called out once a year after the Re\-o- lutionary war. Mr. Drake, of this sketch, served faithfull\- through three years and tliree months, and took part in the battles of Champion Hills, Jacksim, Alississippi, and the siege of Vicksburg, Ijeing honorably dis- ch.irged November 14, 1864. During the two years following his re- turn from the army Mr. Drake was a student at tile W'esleyan University at Blocjmington, and then went as far west as Nebraska, wiiere he t(X)k up a homestead claim and li\ed upon it for three years, but later re- turned to Illinois and exchanged his farm tliere for o-ne he now occupies, and resided with his father f(jr ten years. On December 11, 1879. at the old home- stea ' m this county, he was united in mar- riage to }iliss Saridi Wright, who was born in ^^'atseka. Illinois, .Vugust 11. i860. She was a daughter of Samuel T. and Laura (Washburn) Wright, the former of whom was a native of New York, and the latter of Prairie City, Illinois. Father Wright was killed at tne battle of the Wilderness, after winch time the motlier came west and lo- cated at Prairie City and there married James Chandler, both being now deceased. The three children of the first marriage were as follows : Clara, who married Joseph Lintlley, later Joseph Pratt, the editor of a newspaper in A\'ebster City, Iowa ; Meta, the wife of David Bacon, who is a large mine owner and resides in Webb City, Iowa ; and Sarah, the wife of our subject. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Drake lo- cated on tiie farm which they have since OTimit'd rind wi'i'b is one of the very best in Logan county. It consists of two hun- 482 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. drrJ. :\n(\ f(irt_\ acres of tl:e liest land in Hurl- but tinvnship, and his elegant, modern residence, just completed, is an ideal country honje. ]\Ir. Drake is a fine farmer and stcxk raiser, and has served in many repre- sentative offices in his township. For fifteen }'ears he was the most efficient com- missioner of highways and one of the town- ship trustees. He is a member of the Masonic, Odd Fellows, Modern Woodmen and Farmers' Alliance orders, and in politics is one of the stanch Democrats of this sec- tion. The children born to Air. and IMrs. Drake are as follows: Clara, born April 20, 1881 ; Lucy, born June 14, 1883; John C, born July 30, 1886; and Cora, born September 27, 1889. FRANK ATLASS. Success is determined by one"s ability to recognize opportunity and to pursue this with a resolute and unflagging energy. It results from continued labor, and the man who thus accomplishes his purpose usually becomes an important factor in the business ■circles of the community with which he is connected. Through such means Mr. At- lass has attained a leading place among the representative business men of Lincoln. He was born in the village of Gri\-ia, Germany, August 5. 1868, and in 1871 ac- companied his parents, Moses and Rebecca Atlass, (in their emigration to America. The famil}' landed in New York, and pro- ceeded at once to^ Indianapolis, Indiana, where they resided for fifteen years, and then removed to Lafayette, that state, where the ])arents made a permanent home and still reside. Frank Atlass attended the public schools of Indianaj:K>lis, completing his education in the high school of that city. He then began his business career at Lafayette, Indiana, as a member of the firm of Max Atlass & Brother, dealers in po'ultry. At the end of four years he soJd his interest in the com- pany and removed to Decatur, Illinois, where he carried an the same business, buying out the firm of Bills & Mason. After twoi years spent at that place lie disposed of his interests there, and in 1890 came to Lin- coln and opened an establishment in a build- ing owned by Frank Frorer, as a wholesale dealer, packer and shipper of poultry, eggs, butter, hides, wool and junk. When that building was burned he bought property in Lincoln, and subsequently purchased his ])resent store house, which he has enlarged and remodeled, making it one of the test Ijuildings adapted tO' his business tO' be found in this section of the state. It is a large, substantial Iirick structure. Mr. Atlass" liusiness in Lincoln has g"r,c)wn so' rapidly that he now furnishes employment to> fifty people, and ships annually from this place two or three hundred carloads, his principal markets being New York City and Boston, Massa- chusetts. He has established branch houses at Carlin\ille, Delavan, ]Mt. Pulaski, Bone Gap and Xew Holland, Illinois, and has a manager at each place. His business at Lincoln now amounts to over a cpiarter of a million dollars annual]}-. He is one of the directors of the Lincoln National Bank, and has already accumulated considerable property. At present he is erecting an ele- gant residence on North Logan street, \\ hicli will l)e modern in all its appointments and will cost at least fifteen thousand dollars. Mr. Atlass married Miss Sarah Barnard, of Indianapolis, Indiana, and they now have two children: Irma and Harry Leslie. Politically Mr. Atlass is a stanch supporter THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 483 of the Repul)lican party and its principles : and Sdciaily is a member of Lincoln Lodge. No. 204, I. O. O. F. As a business man he is best known, howexer, and in all his undertakings he has [irdsperei.! thus far. his excellent success being but the logical result of his careful and painstaking Ijusiness methods. He is still comparatively a yoiuig man, but has already won an enviable posi- tion in commercial circles. GEORGE H. SMITH. Among the prosperous farmers of Broad- Avell township, Logan count}-, Illinois, is George H. Smith, who resides on a fine farm on section 27. He is the son of George J. Smith and Elizabeth (Luckhart) Smith. The father was the son of Balthaser Smith, who never came tO' America but resided in Germany all his life. George J. Smith was born in Hesse, Germany, in 1842. and after coming to America in 1S64 he married Elizabeth Luckhart, who was also born in Germany in 1838. They settled in New York City, where they lived for eight years. They had eight children, namely : Lewis H., who resides at home in Broadwell tnwnship: Elizabeth, wife of Lincoln Eisiminger, also of Broadwell : George, our subject ; Martha, who died in childhood : Katie, wife O'f Frank Davison, of Clintou, Illimjis; Mary H. ; An- nie, wife of James R. Wroughton, of Broad- well township; and Frank R., at home. George J. Smith is a shoemaker by trade and has carried on this calling ever since coming to America, and he is one of the few who' have made a success of this line of business. Many years ago he settled in the village of Broadwell, where he has be- come quite prominent and has long been a member of the school board. He is also con- nected with the Independent Order of Odd FelloAVs. He is a consistent member of the Christian church, in which be is serving as a deacon and trustee, and is \-ery highlv re- spected by all who know him. He is well eilucated in the German language and has learned to speak and write English since coming to America through his own unaided etYorts. George H. Smith, our subject, was born March 26, 1870, and during the winter months attended the district school, receiv- ing a good common education. In the spring and summer he worked I))' the month upon the farms in the surrounding district until he became of age. During all this time he was very frugal and saved his money and was thus enalMed to engage in farming for himself, now operating a farm of three hundred and eighty-six acres of land, which he devotes to general farming and stock- raising. He has operated this farm since 1898 and has made a number of inipro\'e- ments upon it. The farm is in a well culti- \'ated state and shows the results oi' good management. Mr. Smith is a member of the Christian church c;f Broadwell, and is a liberal supporter of the same. Being a young man of energ_\-, a hard worker and understanding farming thoroughly, he is very successful, and has also w^on the respect and esteem of all who know him by his many excellent equalities. GEORGE W. VONDERLIETH. One of the rejiresentative and prominent business men of Mt. Pulaski was George W. Vonderlieth, a well-known and successful dealer in windmills, pumps and governors to 484 Till- lUOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tlie same. .\ native of Log"m county, lie was l)oni in .Mt. Pulaski township on the 4tli of July. iS^g. and a son of Henry auit Catherine Xonilerlieth, who are lueutioned more fully in a sketch of his brother on an- other pas^e (if this volume. Mr. X'onderiitlh was reared and edu- cated in this comity, ami was married in 1881 to Miss Catherine W. Miller, of Mt. Pulaski, a tlauj^liter of Christian and Caro- line i^W'itti^i;) Miller. Two children blessed this union, namely : Alma C a i^raduate of the Mt. I'ulaski high school: and Leonore, now se\eii years of age. For several years Mr. Wuulerlieth was in partnership w ith Charles F. Schafer in the hardware ami implement business at Alt. Pulaski, and to-^etlier they built up a largi' and profitable tratle. As manufacturers of and dealers in windmills they have a good business, ami w ben the partnership was dis- solvtd by .mutual consent 2\lr. \"onderlieth ttxik that branch of their business, to which he since added many specialties, until he carried a large and varied stock. He was one of the most extensive dealers in his line in this part oi the cauntry. and enjoyed a large trade, extending o\er several states. His windmills liecanie noted for their efficiency and durability, and therefore found a ready sale. For some years Mr. \'on(.ler- beth manufactured the "Yankee" windmill, which proved a success, and was also dealer in other kinds. Besides his business prop- erty Mr. Wmderleith owned a fine fann situ- ated within the corporate limits of Mt. Pulaski, and a handsome residence, sur- roundetl by a large lawn ornamented by na- tive forest trees. Socially he was a member of the Knights of Pythias and the \\'oodnien of the World, and was a charter member oi the Mt. Pulaski fire department, in which he alwavs took an active interest. While inde- licudenl in pulitics. he had been township treasurer man\ years but refused other ollioes. I le was widely and fax'orably kinnvn as an ui)riglit and honorable man, and. with his wife, was ;i member of the Secoiul Lu- llaran church. Air. X'onderlieth died Oc- tober 7, 1()01. Al.l'UI 1) C. SClv(XililX. Alfred C. Scroggin is ;i prosperous farmer and the efiicient supervisor of Mount I'ulaski townshii). His residence in the count}' covers llfty-nine years — the entire jieriod of his life, for he was born upon a farm in Mount Pulaski township. May 14, 1842, and througlK)Ut the years of his busi- ness activity be has been connected u ith ag- ricultural interests here, liis father, Leon- ard K. Scroggin, is a prominent and wealthy banker of Alount Pulaski. His mother, who bore the maiden name of Lavinia Puckles and was the daughter oi Robert r>uckles, was born and reared in Logan county and is a representative of one oi its honored pioneer families. Aniiil the quiet scenes of rural life Al- frcil I". Scroggin sjient liis boyhood and youth, assisting in the work of the fields from the time of early spring planting un- til the harvests were garnered in the late au- tumn. He then entered the district school and after mastering the prelintinary branches of Fngiish learning, continued his stuilies in a select school at Mechanicsburg. Upon the home farm he remained until twenty-one years of age and then started oitt upon an independent business career, but made no change in his occupation. As a companion and helpmate for the A. C. SCROGGIN. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 487 journey of life ^Nlr. Scroggin chose !Miss Alary Frances Phillippe, a natixe of Cham- paign cijunt\-, ininois, and a (laughter of John and Jane (Busey) rhillii)i)e. The wedding was celebrated in 1865, and the young people began their domestic life upon a farm, but snon remo\ed td the \'illage of Mount Pulaski, where },[i'. Scroggin en- gaged in the grain and stock business for several years. He then went to Champaign count}' and dexoted his time to farming and handling stock, but after a few years he returned to Mount Pulaski township, where he purchased two hundred and forty acres i.if choice land on sections 3 and 4, his residence being on section 4. Here he was actively engaged in the tilling of the soil for t\\el\"e \'ears, when, wishing U> pro- Aide his children with better educational pri\-ileges than the district schools afiford- cd, he again ■ went to Augusta. Kansas, where he remained two years, and then returned to the x'illage oi Mount Pulaski, where he made his home for eleven }ears. On the expiration of that period he again todk up his residence ui)im his farm and has since conducted it with grati- fying" success. In 1876 he erected here a fine residence and has since Iniilt ginul barns, sheds and all the necessary outbuild- ings for the shelter of grain and stock. He raises hogs and cattle of high grades, breeding from thoroughbred males. He also buvs and feeds a large number of cat- tle and hogs, shipping from two to three car loads annually. The farm upon which he resides is one of the old ones of the countv. having been improved by William Cope- land about 1832, — ten years before the birth of orr suljject. ]\Ir. Scroggin has made it one of the valuable farming properties in the county, impro\ed with all modern ac- cessories and conveniences and character- 28 ized b}- neatness and order in everv particu- lar. Ilie hcune of Mr. and Airs. Scroggin lias been blessed with three children : Net- tie A., now the wife of W. E. Birks, a resi- dent farmer of Logan county: Oriu O., a farmer of Alinnesota; and Alary F., at home. In his political views our subject is a stanch Democrat, unfaltering in support of the principles of the party. In 1892 he was elected supervisor of Alount Pulaski township for a term of two years, and since that time has been three times re-elected, so tliat he lias served for eight consecutive years, discharging the duties of the office in a manner above suspicion or reproach. He is a genial, cordial gentleman, with a liost of warm friends and as one of tlie rep- resentative farmers of the community he well deserves mention in this volume. PETER AIAUS. Peter Mans, who is now successfullv en- gaged in the gTa:in and coal business in Latham. Illinois, was born in Nassau, Ger- many, (in the 20th of October, 1838, a son of Conrad and Eva Catherina Mans. In 1855 the family emigrated to the United States, and after stopping for a short time in New York city came to Illinois and made their home in Peoria for a while. In Janu- ary, 1856, they removed to Logan countv, and the father purchased a farm of one hun- dred and sixty acres in what is now Laenna township, to the improvement and cultiva- tion of which he devoted his energies throughout the remainder of his active busi- ness life. He lost his wife in 1888, and his death occurred ten years later. They were the parents of six children, two sons and 488 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. lour (laughters, who grew up, namely : Philip, now deceased ; Mary, wife of John Fishbach ; Peter; ]\Iargaret, wife of Chris Suedniier ; Katie, wife of Paulus Horn : and Minnie, wife of George Stoll. Peter Maus was educated in the public schools of his native land, which he attended from the age of six to fourteen }-ears. He came with the family to the new world and assisted his father in the operation of the home farm until the inauguratioii of the Civil war. Prompted by a love for his adopted country, he enlisted in 1862 in Com- panv P), One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, Cokmel Latham com- manding the regiment and Captain John .\sher the company. He did mostly guard and garrison duty, and was in active ser\-ice three vears, Ijeing honorably discharged in July, 1865, at Springfield, Illinois. Returning to his home in Logan count)-, ?\Ir. Maus resumed farming upon land which he rented from his father. On the ist of February, 1866, he was unitetl in marriage with Miss Louise Zimmerman, of Logan county, a daughter of Jeihn Zimmerman. Thev have two children : Henry, who was a student in the Lincoln high school for three years and is now aiding his father in business at Latham; and Mem-ietta. wife of L. E. Hunt, a confectioner and baker, of Latham. After his marriage Mr. INIaus resided on the old homestead for three years, and then purchased eighty acres of land in Laenna township, to which he subsequently added a tract of one hundred and sixty acres. He was successfullv engaged in general farming and stock-raising there until 1878. and still owns one hundred and sixty acres of land in that township. He then removed to Latham and formed a partnership with Z. K. Wood under the firm name of Z. K. Wood & Com- pany, and as such they luue since success- tully engaged in the grain and coal business, Tio other firm in his line having continued in business as long. Socially Mr. Maus is a meml^er of the -Alodern Woodmen of America. The Dem- ocratic party has alwa\s found in him a stanch supporter of its principles, antl his fellow citizens, recognizing" his worth and abilitv, ha\'e called upon him to serve four terms as a member of the city council and two years as county supervisor. Though born on the other side of the Atlantic, he is thoroughly American in thought and feeling, and is patriotic and sincere in his love for the stars and stripes. His career is identi- fied with Logan county, where he has ac- quired a comfortable competence and where , he is an honored and resi^ected citizen. \ SAMUEL H. McLEAN, M. D. Dr. Samuel H. McLean is the present efficient superintendent of the .\.sylum for Feeble Minded Children at Lincoln, and is one of the most successful physicians of the county. A native of Illimiis, he was born in Montgomery county, April 12, 1849, and is a son of Robinson and Emily (Barry) Mc- Lean, natives of North Carolina and Ken- tuckv. respecti\-ely. They were married near Ilillsboro, Illinois, and on their farm near that place spent their entire married life. The father was educated in the subscription schools of his native state, and always en- gaged in agricultural pursuits. In politics he was first an old-line Wliig and later a Republican, but was never an aspirant for office, though he was called upon to fill nnnor ])ositions of honor and trust in his locality. He died on the old homestead in ]\b;ntgom- ery county, in January, 1877, and his wife THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 489 in January, 1895. They were the parents of nine children, of whom seven reached ma- turity, namely: John C. a farmer of Bond count}-. Illinois, who enlisted at the age of seventeen in the Forty-ninth Illinois Volun- teer Infantry, during the Civil war and ser\ed four years; Samuel II.. our subject; Xina, wife of Jesse Seybert, of ^^lacoupin county, Illinois ; Man', wife of Charles H. Brown, of Alontgomery county; Joseph R., Avho li\'es on the home farm in that county; ^lelissa, wife of Emory Barr, of Greenville, Illinois; and Ida. wife of Henr\- Mitts, of Hillsboro. The children were all educated in the public schools of Montgomery county. Dr. JklcLean grew to manhcxjd upon the home farm. His early education, acquired in the common schools of his native county, was supplemented by three years' attendance at Hillsboro Academy. He also took an electi\'e course at Lincoln University, where he spent one year, and then entered the Ec- lectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati. Ohio, where he was graduated in 1874. He be- gan the practice of medicine at Donnellson, Montgomer}- county, and after spending three years at that place removed to Hills- boro. where he built up a large and hicrati\e practice, remaining there until appointed to his present jjosition by Governor Yates in I go I. He has much natural ability, but is withal a close student and believes thor- oughly in the maxim "there is no excellence without labor." His devotion to the duties of his profession, therefore, combined with a comprehensive understanding of the prin- ciples of the science of medicine, has made him a most successful and able practitioner, whose prominence is well deserved. At Hillsboro, in 1875, Dr. McLean was united in marriage with Miss Lina Kerr, who was born in Ohio, in 1850, and was ed- ucated in the public schools and Hillsboro Academy. Her parents both died in this state. The Doctor and his wife have one son. Benjamin O., born in February, 1886. They are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and he is connected with several fraternal orders, including the Ma- sons, which he joined in 1876. As a Re- publican he takes cjuite an active part in poli- tics, and is very prominent in inedical circles. Dr. McLean has for many years been active in Republican circles, having been mayor of Hillsboro three terms, chairman of the county and congressional Republican central committees, and during the campaign of 1900 was on the McKinley electoral ticket. JOSEPH A. SXOOK. Joseph A. Snook, who carries on farm- ing most successfullv on section 24, At- lanta township, has spent most of his life in that locality, and is a worthy representative of one of its honored families, being a son of John A. and Allsha ( Hendrickson) Snook. The father was born in Maryland, ]\Iarch 11, 1820. and in early life engaged in the distill- ing business for a few years, but the greater part of his attention was always devoted to agricultural pursuits and he Ijecame one of the extensive farmers of Logan county. In 1864 he removed from Indiana to McLean count)-. Illiiiois, and subsequently took up his residence in Logan county, having property in lioth counties. Here he died July 20, 1900, lea\-ing a large family and a host of friends to mouni his loss. He was what the world terms a self-made man, having started in life with no capital save that acquired through his own unaided exertions. He was left an orphai-i at a tender age aiid was reared bv strangers. His wife departed this 49° THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. life August 7, 1890. They were the parents of thirteen children, sexen of wliom readied years of maturit}-. The su1)ject of tliis sketch was horn in Jay county, Indiana, .\ugust 16, 1859, and in 1864 came with liis parents to this state, being" reared mi the farm in .Vtlanta town- ship, Logan coiuitv, A\here lie still resides. He nnw owns one hundred and fifty acres of land, and is quite successfully engaged in agricultural pursuits. He received a good common school educaticjn, is industrious, en- terprising and progressive, and is regarded as one of the best citizens of his community. Mr. Sufjok was married. Feliruary 19. 1882, to IVIiss Emma ^lorford, a daughter of Robert ^Nlorford, of DeWitt county, Illinois. Tlie only child born of this union died in infancy. Mr. Snook affiliates with the Dem- ocratic party, and is a member of the Mod- ern \\'ocdmen of America. He has never sought publicit}'. luit is considered one of the up-to-date farmers of the community, and is ready to assist all enterprises for the public good. WILLIAM G. P.^YXE. William (i. I^a\-ne. proprietor of the only liver}- and feed stable in Ilartsburg, has for more than a third of a century lieen a resi- dent of Logan county. He was born in Monroe county. Indiana. March jo, 1847, liis i)arents being Xoah and Lucinda Payne, both of whom were natives of North Caro- lina, whence after their marriage they re- moved to ]\Ionroe countv. Indiana, where the father devoted his energies tn agricul- tural pursuits until his death, which occur- red February 3, 1883, when he was seventy- two years of age. His wife was born No- vember 23. 18 16, and died August 10, 1901. They had a family of five children, as fol- lows : Frank, who resides upon a farm in ]\Ionroe county: Jolm, who is living on the old homestead there; IMaggie, the wife of Joseph Mattingly. a resident of Council Bluffs, Iowa ; William G. and Daniel, who died in the army in 1863. Like the otlier children of the family, ]\Ir. Pa\-ne pursued his education in the public schools near his home and in his y(juth he assisted in the lalwrs of the home farm. At the age of nineteen he came to Logan cijunty, where he secured employment on the old Sheets farm in Or\-il township, remaining there for six years. Then with the money he had saved from his earnings he purchased a small farm on section 3(3, Orvil township, making it his home for four years, when he bought another tract of land on section 4 of the same township. Establishing his home thereon, he \\as there engaged in farming for seventeen years, carrying on his work with good success, the well tilled fields yield- ing to him golden har\-ests in return for his labor. At length, selling the farm, he re- movetl to Hartsburg and opened the livery and sale stable O'f which he is still the pro- prietor. It is his earnest desire to please his patrons, and. therefore, their trade once gained is alwa\s retaineil. He has a nice line of rigs and some good horses, and his business is constantly growing. He is also engaged in the stock business, buying and shipping cattle and ho'gs. Mr. Payne was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Sheets, a nati\-e of Monroe county. Indiana, and a daughter of John Sheets, who was also^ one of the earl}- set- tlers of Logan cnunty. lllinnis. taking up his abode upon a farm here in 1855. Both he and his wife have nnw passed away. LTnto Mr. and ^Irs. Pavne have been horn ten chil- dren : Myrtle, the wife of lames Berrv, who THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 491 is living in Prairie Creek township Logan county: ^Nliggie. at home; Frank, who as- sists his father in tlie li\-ery stable and is also town marshal: Samuel, Nettie, Noah. McDonald. Odie. Lulu and George, all with their parents. For several years Mr. Payne has served as schodl director of Orvil town- ship, and in his political affiliations he is a stanch Democrat. He and all his famil}- are members of the Bethel Cnristian church, and in the community they have man}- friends. GEORGE A. KRETZIXGER. G. A. Kretzinger. postmaster at Latham. Illinois, and one of the prominent citizens of this locality, was bom in Latham. IMarch 16, 1869, and is a son of W. H. and Sarali, E. ( Leib I Kretzinger. both of whom were na- ti\-es of Ohio. The father is still living, aged sixty, while the mother died at Latham in April, i88g. \\'. H. Kretzinger. with his family, came to Illinois soon after his marriage in Ohio, and for a short time farmed near Warsaw. Later the\' removed to Logan county, long before the construction of the railroad in this localit}-. The father was a farmer and our subject's boyhood was spent on a fami. He not only received a common school edu- cation but also was given the advantage of attending an excellent business college at Springfield, Illinois, when he was about nine- teen years of age. After finishing this course he worked at various callings, among other things clerking in a Chicago hotel for two years, and one year he spent in Kansas City, Missouri. Returning to his early home Mr. Kretz- inger was married in 1894 to Miss Eunice Clark, of Latham, and two children have been born of this union, namely : Harold and Mar\- Fern, both of whom were b(jrn in Latham. The elder Mr. Kretzinger has always been a stanch Republican and prominent in the ciiuncils of the party. For two terms he ser\ed with distinction in the state legisla- ture and was sergeant-at-arms of the senat*^ for several years as well as clerk of the house tw(! terms. Xaturally our subject should from boyhood take an active interest in poli- tics, and just as naturally that he should be as strong a Republican as his father. In 1897 he was appointed postmaster of La- tham, and he has been re-appointed to the same oftice. and enjoys the distinction of being the first to recei\e appointment under President McKinley's first administration in this congressional district. Mr. Kretzinger is a meml>er of the Modern Woodmen of America. No. 321, and has served as vener- able consul, and he is also a member oi the Farmers' Federation. Mr. Kretzinger has also added a stock of groceries tO' his busi- ness. JACOB NIX. Jacob Nix. a substantial and prominent farmer of Logan county, operates a fine estate of two hundred and twenty-six acres in Elkhart township, and is one of the most respected citizens of the district. The birth of Mr. Nix occurred in Germany. May 17, 1849. and he was a son of Jacob and Katie ( Schaefer) Nix, both natives of Germany. The parents passed their lives in their native country, where the father died in 1890 and the mother in 1886. They had a family of four children, these being: Philopcne, who resides, unmarried, in Oran township, this 492 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. county ; Mary, widow of Gustave Kneclit, of the same township, who' died in 1890 ; Annie, who is the wife of Henry Tisenger and re- sides on the Rhine in Germany; and Jafolo tlie youngest of the family. Until he was fourteen years of age Jacob Nix was a schoolboy in his native land, after which he followed farming until he was drafted intO' the German army, in December. 1869. His ser\ices covered two years and he took part in the Franco^Prussian war, surviving nine fierce battles. The year fol^ lowing the war he spent in his Fatherland, but in October, 1873, he came to Elkhart township, Logan county. Illinois, and en- gaged in farm work by the month, finding plenty of employment. For some two years Mr. Ni.x rented land, gradually preparing to locate in a desirable part of the county and establish a home. Mr. Nix was united in marriage, Febru- ary 12. 1882, in Springfield. Illinois, to> Miss Barbara Tanlienreiter. who was born in Ger- many, Februar_\- 6. 1852. She was a daugh- ter of Henry Tanbenreiter. also' a native of Gemiany. where both of her parents died, having li\'ed upon a farm all their lives. Mrs. Nix came to Springfield, Illinois, from her German home in 1881. She was one of a famih' of twelve children, as follows: Conrad, whO' resides in Germany ; Katie, who' married and died in Germany ; Barbara. who married Conrad Bellman and resides in Springfield. Illinois; Effie. who resides in Germany and receives a pension from tlui German government, her deceased husband having been an ofircial ; while the others, with the exception of Mrs. Nix, still remain at the old home. Three children ha\'e been born to Mr. and Mrs. Nix, as follows: Avey, wife of David Cowhick, of \\'inchester, Scott coun- ty, Illinois; Henrv, ;it home; and .\nna B., who also remains at home. After his mar- riage Mr. Nix continued to farm, and now operates a large estate in section 30, Elkhart township, where he has been particularly suc- cessful in raising high-grade stock for mar- ket. He is considered one of the best farm- ers in his locality and is surrounded with every comfort. His political belief is in the Democratic party, and he is a leading mem- ber of the German Lutheran church, in Lin- coln, Illinois. PATRICK MURPHY. Patrick Murphy, one of the substantial farmers of Hurllnit township, Logan county, Illinois, was born in ,Count\' Carlow, Ire- land, Julv 2y. 1825, a son of John and Brid- get ( Roach ) Murphy, nati\-es of Ire- land, the latter liorn in County Wexford, The parents were married in their native land, where the father engaged in farming and stone-cutting, and where he died in 1827, his wife sur\-i\ing him until 1856. Into this famih , ere born the following children : Catherine, who married Michael Welsh, the former of whom died in Menard county, Illi- nois, and the latter in Texas ; .\nn, who be- came the wife of Lawrence Murphy and died in Ireland ; Julia, who' is the widow of Michael Ryan and lives in Freeport, Illinois; Patrick; and Thomas, who married Maggie Walters, both of whom died in Freeport, Illinois. In his nati\e land Patrick Murphy at- tended the public schools until his fourteenth year, after which he worked for his step- father, Patrick Burns, until he was eighteen years old. Following this he li\ed with his sister for a time, and April 8, 1849, i'l com- pan\- with his brother, he embarked for THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 493 America fruiii Wexford. The sailing craft Don Brodie had a cahn and pleasant voyage, under command of Captain \\'illiams. and the hrothers landed in New York Ma\' i. 1849. I'or a day and a night Mr. Murphy remained in New York City, and the fdllow- ing Sunday morning arri\ed in Bennington, Vermont. In that state he \v< irked In- the month on a farm for seven dollars and a half, his hours of serx'ice extending from four in the morning until nine in tlie evening. At the end of a }ear he sought to- hetter his con- dition bv removing to Hoosick Falls. Xew York, where he worked for one man on his farm for five years. In the fall of 1854 Iie went by rail to Chicago, Illinois, and from there to Springfield, being unsuccessful in finding work in either place. Somewhat dis- couraged, he went to Chatham, l>ut was soon sent for to fill a position in the American Hotel, at Springfield, at twenty-five dollars per month. Si)ringfield was then but a small \illage, and the hotel was located on the southeast corner of the square. After a year and a lialf Mr. Murphy repaired to Freeport. Illinois, where, after a long illness, he en- gaged in different occupations, annMig them being that of hardware, contracting and railroading. On August 9. 1855, at Galena, Illinois, ;\Ir. Murpliy was united in marriage with .\nn Barrons, a native of County ]\Ieath. Ireland, born August 15, 1830. The ])ar- ents of Mrs. Murphy, Thomas and Catherine (Tallon) Barrc.iis, were natives, respect- ively, Oif Cotintv ]\Ieath and County Louth, Ireland. The father was a farmer in his native land, and emigrated to' America in 1830 on the sailing vessel Fidelia, the \(iy- age consuming five weeks and three days. The tri]) was a stormy one, and there was one death aboard ship. Landing in Xew York Alay 10, 1850. the Barrons family came to Illinois after a visit of a month, and located fifteen miles southwest of F"reeport, <.n a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, where they passed the remainder of their days. The father died April 9, 1878, at the age of seventy-one years, and the mother Alay 31. 1894, at the age of eighty-eight years. They were successful farmers, and left to their children over four hundred acres of valuable land. Mr. Barrons held almost all of the township offices. He was a Demo- crat, and a member of the Catholic church, and was well thmight of all through the county. Of the children born to this couple, Iannis married Mary Mahan and lived in I'reeport. and both are dead: Mary is also deceased, as is her husband, Israel Sheets, of Stockton, Illinois John died from the effects of eN]iosure while serving in an Illinois regi- ment during the Civil war; .\nn is the wife of Patrick ]\Iurphy ; Cathe'rine died at the age of fifty-three years : Patrick, who never married, served during the Ci\il war, was assistant postmaster at Xew Orleans, and died at the age of forty-eight years: Lucy resides at Freeport and keeps house for her br( ther, Joseph Barrons, the next of the fam- ily : and Eliza died at the age of ele\en vears. After his marriage Mr. Murphy lived for hve _\'ears in Freeport, Illinois, and then went to Sangamon county, where he remained f(jr a year and a half. In Menard cotnit\- he then purchased forty acres of land, upon \\hich he lived for seven years, and then sold the same and rented land for two vears. He later came to Hurlbut township, Logan county, and bought the farm upon which he now li\-es, and which contains two hundred acres on section 9. He has a fine home, situated on a high knoll, and raises the best marketal)le stock and engages in general 494 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. farming. In politics he is a Democrat, and with his family is a memher of the Catholic church. The children born to Mr. and ^Irs. Mur- phy are: Bridget, torn May 28, 1856, is the wife of Michael Grennan. has ten chil- dren, and lives on a farm of ten hundred and eightv acres in Whiteside county: John, born December 8. 1858. married Bridget INIurphy, lias four children, and lives at Glenarm, Sangamon county ; Eliza, born Xovemlier 7, 1861, died June 5, 1890: Mary, born Feb- ruary 2. 1864. is not married, and has en- gaged in educational work in the public schools of Elkhart for fifteen years : Thomas, born April 12. 1866. lives on a farm in ^Vhiteside county. Illinois: Lucy, born May II, 1868. is the wife of John Randall and lives near McCook. Nebraska ; William, lx)rn September 25. i86g. lives on a farm in Lo- gan county: Catherine, born January 17. 1872, lives with her parents : James, born January 28, 1875, '^ time-keeper on the canal being built through Illinois : and Joseph, born August 5, 1878, lives with his parents. CHARLES W. TYLER. Logan county is fortunate in having in its offices men of well known business abil- ity and of unquestioned loyalty and proljity. Such a one is Charles W. Tyler, who has served as county supervisor from Prairie Creek township. He is variously connected with the agricultural and industrial inter- ests of the county, and in every relation of life has borne himself in a manner to win the confidence, g(xxl will and respect of his fellow citizens. Few people can trace their ancestry in authentic line to a more remote period than Mr. Tyler, who is descended from the fa- mous Wat Tyler of England, who, in the year 183 1. lal^ored to free the poorer class of England from the e.xcessive burden of taxation placed upon it by the aristocracy. J-le is mentioned in Longfellow's poem en- titled Miles Standish. He had three sons, Sam.uel, John and \M!liam. who emigrated to this country and from the last named the subject of this review is descended. Prominent representatives of the name have been connected with events shaping the history of the country and the posterity of the three brothers is now a very numer- ous one. Captain John Tyler, the father of Charles W'., "is known to every old inhabit- ant of this part of Illinois, being numbered among the pioneers of the Ujcality. He was born in Penn Yan, Yates county, Xew York. July 10, 1810, and was united in marriage to Miss Susan Battle on the ist of January. 1838. After her death he was married again. Septemlser i. 1844. in Rays- ville. Henry county. Indiana, his second union being with Mahala Willits. and their first child was Charles W. Tyler, whose name intnxluces this review, and who was born in Raysville, November g. 1845. In 1852 Captain Tyler and his family started westward, traveling in a "prairie schooner" until they arrived at Middletown, Logan county, Illinois, February 2, 1852, which was then an important trading point. There a settlement was made, but after two years they removed to Prairie Creek town- ship, lixrating upon a farm where the sub- ject of this review was reared to manhood. The schools of the neighborhood were of a rather primitive character and therefore his educational privileges were limited, but ex- perience, reading and observation in later years have made him a well informed man. \\'ith the other members of the familv he C. W. TYLER. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 497 experienced many hardsliips and trials of pioneer life in the early days. The settlers lived largely upi.m wild game — deer, ducks and geese, all <.if which were plentiful. The nearest market was Pekin, which was twenty-tive miles distant, two days being- required to make the trip. Corn sold for ten cents per bushel and coal cost ten cents per bushel. It was principally used for fuel, for the timber in this locjality was very scarce. Air. Tyler assisted in the work of the home farm, the planting and plowing, and in all other departments of the labor neces- ;sary for the development of the land and the cultivation of the crops. On the i6th of Septemljet, 1866, however, he started . out to make his own way in the world, and after traveling for two weeks in a prairie schooner through rain and mud he arrixed at Columbia, Boone county, Missouri. In that locality he carried on farming until .Septeml>er, 186-, but at that time the coun- try in that region was still full of Iiush- whackers, and he still bears the scar from a wound recei\'ed while chasing a gang of those lawless men. The conditions of the ■countrv led him to return east, and he went to Wellington, Lorain county, Ohic*, but soon afterward removed to Cleveland. There he learned the carpenter's trade, and after completing his apprenticeship he re- moved to Anderson, Aladison county, In- diana, where he mastered the Cerman lan- guage. His next place of residence was Indianapolis, Indiana, and in Februarv. 1877, he returned with his family to Prairie 'Creek township. In the meantime he liad been married to I\Iiss H. J. Aldrich, who was a teacher in the institute for the blind, in Indianapo- lis, the wedding taking ])lace October 7, ■1S74. She li\-ed little more than four years after their marriage. d}-ing January 16, 1879, and lea\ing him with two small children: Bessie E., who married James Weaver and the\- reside at Oak- ford, Illinois; Simeon .V. married Mina Teagarden, of Steuben county, Indiana, and they reside at San» Jose. Illinois. On the 24th of December, following, he mar- ried Miss Catherine Woehrle, of Forest City, Mason county, Illinois, and by this union there have been born five children, four of whom are li\-ing: Byron F., Lill- ian W., I'rederick C, and Mary C, all at home. L'pon again coming to Logan county Mr. Tyler resumed farming and is now the owner of a valuable farming property near San Jose. This is under a high state of cul- ti\-ation and is supi)lied Avith all modern ac- cessories and conveniences for facilitating his work and rendering it more effective. While he is a progressive and energetic agriculturist, he does not confine his atten- tion along this line of endeavor, being one of the directors and the vice-president of the Citizens Coal & Mining Company, of Lincoln, and a stockholder in the San Jose Bank, of San Jose. His fellow citizens, recognizing his worth and ability, as well as his patriotic citizenship, have elected him to public office. In 1880 he was chosen for the position of town clerk, in which capacity he acceptably' served for eight years, and in i88g he was elected super- visor of Prairie Creek township, filling that position continuously for nine years. 0\'er his public life there falls no shadow of wrong, tor at all times he has laeen loyal to his duty. In business transactions his course is e\'er straightforward, and in all life's relations he has commanded the re- spect er 29, 1866, and the daughter of John Cochran, who was born in Palestine. Illinois, February T4, 1830, and his wife. Lizzie (Jordan) Coch- ran, who. was born in (josport, Indiana, Fel> ruary 22. 1837. and in that city was married Alarch 20, 1855. Air. and Airs. Cochran remained for a time in Gosport, and then re- mo\ed to AlcLean county, Illinois, locating at Savbrook, where he engaged in farming, but later remo\-ed to \Mnfield, Kansas, where he owns two hundred and forty acres of land. The mother died Xovemlier 20, 1894, 'iii'l ^li^ \^"'is IJiid to rest at Prairie Ridge, Kansas. In 1862 Air. Cochran en- listed for service in die Civil war. entering Com]ian\- F, One Flundred and Sixteent'n Volunteer Infantry, and served gallantly through four years, accompanying General Sherman in all of his campaigns. He was mustered out as orderly sergeant, in June, 1865. He is an honored member of the Grand .Army of the Republic, and attends- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 499 and lil)erallv supports the Christian churcli. In pohtics he is a Democrat. Mrs. Nicholson is one of a family of three sons and three daughters Ijorn to her par- ents, namely : Alfred, who married Minnie Caster and resides at Eatonville, Kansas ; James, who married Hattie Oertington and resides at Eatonville, Kansas; Jennie L., the wife i:f (lur suhject; Xellie, who married Newton Julien and resides at Blackwell, Oklahoma; John W'.. who married Eliza Thnnipson and resides at Eatonville ; and Julia, who died in infancy. Four children were born to Mr. Nichol- son by his first wife, namely; Hattie 'SI.. born November 16. 1875, died January 24, 1880; John E., b(.irn August 13, 1878, re- sides with his father; Hallie ^I., born Au- gust 24, ]88o, married. March 8, 1898, Orf French, resides at Mt. Pulaski and has one son, — Harold; and Thomas J., born October 12, 1882, resides with his parents. The children of the second marriage were: Con- stant, who was born January 5, 1887, and died July 2(). 1888; Nellie, born December 10. i88y; and Myrtle, born December 18, 1892. .After his marriage Mr. Nicholson went to Kansas and sf)on liecame ideutitied with jiublic affairs in W'infield, being m;i0'Ssession of his present properties, which he has managed with skill and upon strict business principles. He has built a pleasant home at the corner of 'NA'yatt avenue and Hamilton street, Lincoln, where he has made his home since the au- tumn of I go I. In 1893 Mr. Talmage married Louise Friend, a daughter of Hiram Friend, now deceased. Mrs. Talmage was born in 1874. and had one sister, Mattie, who is now the Avife of T. P. Dehner, of Lincoln. Two chil- dren ha\e been born to ^Ir. and Mrs. Tal- mage, Hiram F. and Alarie L., who were i)i!rn, respecti\'ely, in 1894 antl 1900. Mr. Talmage is a Republican in politics, but has never sought office. Fraternally he is asso- ciated with the Knights of Pythias and with the Modern Woodmen of America. i JOHN C. GRAH.\M. Jobn C. Graham, one of the prosperous and well-known farmers of Logan county, was bcirn in County West Meath, Ireland, October 10. 1836, a son of William and Ann ( Lowe) Graham, natives of the same part of Ireland. The parents were married in their natixe land, and there the mother died in 1844. The father, entertaining large hopes of life in America, emigrated witii his fam- ily I if ti\e children, in 1849. The jtmrnev was undertaken in a sailing vessel, and lasted three weeks, the voyagers settling in Xew Jerse}', where the father pur- chased forty acres of land where the town of Clayton is now located. Life in the new country so- auspiciously begun was destined to be o^vertaken with misfortune, for when three months had elapsed the father sickened and died and the children were face to face with the dire problem of their own support. John C. had received a limited ed- ucation in Ireland, but he was an industrious lad and faced the great calamity of his fa- ther's death with fortitude and practical as- sistance, for he at once began to work on a farm bv tlie month. Hoping to Ijetter his prospects, he came to Illinois in 1855. lo- cating in Menard county, where for four \ears he continued to do farm work by the month. From the savings of his laliors he was enabled to purchase forty acres oi iiartly impro\-ed land, which he proceeded tO' culti- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 5or vate, and to this was added from time tO' time until he became the possessor of four hun- dred and twenty-tive acres of land. Part of this was in Menard and the balance in Logan counties, and at the present time it is splen- didly improved, with an e.xcellent residence and modern barns, fences and outhouses. J\lr. Graham moA'ed to his pleasant home on section 8, Hurlbut township, in 1892. While it was an improved farm, which he had rented for some time, he has practically re- newed all of the buildings and made a beau- tiful home. At Lincoln. Illinois, October i(), 1879. ^Ir. Graham married Margaret F. Goodpas- ture, wild was 1)1 irn near Peterslnu-g. Menard county. May 10, 1846. Her parents, Jeffer- son and ^largaret ( ^Masters) Goodj)asture. were nati\'es of Tennessee, in which state they were married, September 9, 1832. and from there they removed to Illinois soon afterward. They at first located near Petersljurg. and then sjjent some time in Missouri, returning to Menard county. Illi- nois, where the father Iwught land. At the time of his death, November 6, 1881, he had disposed of his farm and purchased property in Lincoln, Illinois, where his declining days were spent. The mother, who died April 18, 1862, was the mother of a large family of children, seven of whnm are living: Thomas, who is living with j\Ir. Graham ; Sarah, who is the wife of Robert Graham, of Athens, Illinois: Winburn, who married Adaline ]3ennis and lives at Adams, Ne- braska; Hester, who is the wife of James Madison blasters, of Tobias, Nebraska: Mary, who is married to Isaac Masters, of ]\Ienard county, Illinois ; Margaret, who is n.ow ]^Irs. Graham ; and Jennie, who is the wife of Andrew Comstock, of Lincoln, Illi- nois. -After his marriage ]\Ir. Graham began housekeeping in Menard county, Illinois, and in 1892 moved to Logan comity, upon the farm of one hundred and twenty acres left him b_\- his uncle, and which has since been his home. In addition to general farming lie raises a high grade of cattle and horses for market. Mr. Graham is a stanch Demo- crat and interested in local and county aft'airs, but has ne\er been willing to accept political office. He is a member of the Cum- berland Presbyterian church of Irish Grove, and stamls high in the communit}- as a man whose word is as good as his bond, and who is a progressive influence in all departments of life. To Mr. and Mrs. Graham ha^■e been born the following children : Addie, born Decem- ber 16, J 880; William John, born February 22, 1882; Gracie, born December 8, 1883; Robert, born June 2, 1885, the twin of Ber- tha, who died October 28, 1894; Frank, born February ij, 1889; and Josie, the twin sister tif Frank, all of whom have been given good educatii mal advantages. ]\Iucli credit is due Mr. Graham, who was left an orphan at the age of thirteen _\"ears in a strange land, depaident on his own resources. He was the second child and eldest son of a family of five children. Thus beginning with nothing but a determi- riation to succeed, Mr. Graham has come to be not only one of the prosperous men of Lo- gan county, but, what is more, — one of its most highly esteemed citizens for his in- legrit}- and sterling worth. JOHN KIICK. Aniong the prominent farmer citizens of Logan county, Illinois, now living retired after a life of industry, is John Kiick, the 502 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. owner ct eight hundred acres of land and one of the county's most substantial resi- 'dents. The birth of ^Ir. Kiick occurred in Hanover, Germany, March 26. 1833. and he is a son of Hans and ilargaret ( Broch- ers) Kiick. Our subject was reared on a farm in his native country and was a school- boy until the age of fifteen years, spending the time between that age and his majority in various kinds of work, and at the same time making plans to emigrate to the United States. His means were very limited, but he finally accumulated enough to start on the trip and landed in Xew Orleans, soon after reached St. Louis, and went from there to Blount Pulaski. Almost immediately he found work among the neighboring farm- ers and by industry and energy was pre- pared to set up a home of his own by 1857. It was in this year that Mr. Kiick was married to Miss Catherine Christman, who was a step-daughter of Adam Shick, and by this union nine children were born, as fol- lows : Margaret, who married Paul Heiser- man, and lives in Macon county ; John Her- man, who lives in the same county : Frank William, a farmer of Logan county, living in Latham ; Jacob Ernest, who is a mer- chant of Latham; George E., who is a farm- er of Latham ; Clara Emma, who married Lynch James, of Latham; Mary A., who married George Culp and lives near Latham ; Esther Catherine, who married O. J. Lucas, of Latham ; and Walter, who died at the age of fifteen years. In 1865 our subject rented a farm and worked it faithfully for three years, at the end of this period purchasing his first forty acres of land, near Burr Oak grove. Laenna township. In 1874 he sold this tract and bought one hundred and sixty acres adjoin- ing Latham, which he still owns, and as the years went by Mr. Kiick kept on adding land to his fine farm until now he is the owner of eight hundred acres in this vi- cinity. All of this property has been well improved and is under cultivation with the exception of the last tract purchased two years ago. Mr. Kiick has been a lifelong Democrat and for two terms was the efificient road commissioner, during which time he ren- dered his township excellent service. Al- though reared in the Lutheran church, he has become identified with the Evangelical denomination, where he is most highly re- garded. \\ESLEY A. KOCH, U. D. Among the prominent and successful young professional men of Middletowni, Lch gan county. Illinois, is Dr. W. A. Koch, who also took part in the Spanish- American war. The birth of Dr. Koch occurred at Pekin, llinois, and he is a son of Henry L. and Catherine ( Eckhart) Koch, both of whom were natives of Germany, although married in Pekin. Illinois, where Mr. Koch is en- gaged in a prosperous furniture and under- taking business, under the firm name of Al- bertson & Koch. His father was John Koch, and with him Henry came to the United States from Germany when he was but six years of age. The trip across the ocean required se\en weeks, as it was made in a sailing vessel, which landed its passen- gers at Xew York City. Later ]\Ir. Koch came west and located at Sheboygan, ^^'is- consin, where Henn,- attended school until he was fifteen years of age. Then he accom- panied his parents on their removal to Peoria, Illinois, where he was given educa- tional advantages until nineteen years of age, leaving: school at that time to become a mem- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 503 ber of a xoluiiteer company. He sei"\-ecl faithfully as a soldier in the Civil war, after which he made his home in Pekin, Illinois, where he learned the trade of upholstering. Three years later he embarked in the business for himself and carried it on until 1880, when he enlarged his stock to embrace wall pa})er, paints, etc.. and in 1886 associated with him Mr. Albertson, in the furniture and under- taking business. Dr. Koch was given excellent educational advantages, his younger years being passed at school in a private German institution in Pekin. Later he attended the ward schools, l^assing with honor through the high school, from which he graduated in 1896. For one year the }-oung man studied the science of medicine with Dr. John I. Skell}'. of Pekin. antl thus prejiared, entered the medical de- partment of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the University of Illinois, grad- uating with well-earned lionors ]\hn' j8, 1901. On April 28, 1898, Dr. Koch enlisted for service in the Spanish-American war, enter- ing Company G. Fifth Illinois Volunteer In- fantry, and was mustered in at Springfield. From there he went direct to Chickamauga Park, then on to Newport Xews, Virginia, whence the regiment went on a transport un- der orders fiir Porto Rico. The Doctor was mustered out at Springfield, October 15, 1898, having been corporal of his companw Dr. Koch is one of a family of eight chil- dren, the others being as follows : Rudolph married Lydia INlargarete. a daughter of a minister of the German Methodist church, and resides in Omaha, Nebraska, where he is in the agricultural implement business. They ha\e one child. Lewis, unmarried, is a resident of Pekin. George attends the pub- lic schools of Pekin. Celia is the wife of Louis De Vries, of Hepler, Kansas. Clara is at home. Etta died at the age of three }ears. On June 28, 1901, Dr. Koch came to Logan county, Illinois, and located for the practice of his profession in Middletown, where in this short jieriod he has built up a \"ery encouraging practice. He is a mem- ber of the American Medical Association, and is an able, energetic and scholarly young man. who has e\'er}- promise of l^ecoming distinguished in his profession. In politics he is a Republican, and he is a consistent member of the ^Methodist church. ZADOC W. GRAFF. A prominent citizen of Logan county, Illinois, is found in Zadoc W. Grafif, a resi- dent of Middletown, where he is highly es- teemed. His birth occurred in Morgan county, Illinois, October 23, 1861, and he is a son of Washington and Elizabeth ( Flynn) Grafif, both of whom were natives of the state of Kentucky, althdugh they were united in marriage in Jacksonville, Illinois. The fa- ther engaged in farming all his life, his death occurring November 7, 1895, the mother ha\ing passed away in 1864. The second marriage of Mr. GrafT, senior, was in 1865, to Elizabeth Owen, who died in 1883, and in 1884 he married Minnie Christian, who now resides on the old homestead farm near Jacksonville. The children born to the first union were as follows: Molly, who is the widow of ^larcellus Crum, and resides in Virginia, Illinois: ^^'illiam, who married ]\Iatie Berry and resides in Mnrgan countv, Illinois; Marguerite, deceased, w ho married Harmon Fisher, and later John McCawley and re- sided in St. Louis, Missouri; George, who 504 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. died at the age of one year : Frank, wlia married Elvira Cogdell, and resides at Springfield; Zadoc ^^'.. of this biography: and General Grant, who married Emma Lewis and resides near Jacksonville. Zadoc W. Graft, the subject of this biog- raphy, attended the district school at the Graff school, remaining there until he at- tained the age of fifteen years, then becom- ing a student in the Jackson\ille Business College, and leaving that institution at the age of nineteen years. He began his busi- ness career in Albuquerque, New IMexico, where he was mail agent lietween that city and Pon Dowe, where there was a stage line of eighty miles with but one stop, which was at a smelting mill. At the end of a year he returned to Virginia, Illinois. The year fol- lowing his southern trip j\Ir. Graff was en- gaged in the butcher business and then went to Chandlersville, where for one and one- half years he was in the mercantile busi- ness, l)ut was then induced to remove to Fort Pierre, South Dakota, and open up a real es- tate Ijusiness, which for two years was a successful business venture. When he lo- cated there the flourishing town of Canning was only "on paper." but during his resi- dence there he did nnich to promote its in- terests, and at this time the population of this growing little city is fully one thousand citizens. Although he still feels an interest in the locality, 'Sir. Graff has sold all of his holdings there. Returning to Illinois, he purchased a farm of two hundred and thirty acres in Cass countv, and li\-ed upon that place, with his brother, about one and one-half years, when the brothers sold this property and bought two hundred acres in Morgan coun- ty, living there about two years, ^[r. Graff then saw a fine opportunity to embark in the grain business, and carried this on in Na- trona, Mason count}-, for four years, return- ing then to the old h(,imestead, where he li\'ed until 1897. In November of that year he moved to iNIiddletown, after settling up his father's estate, and again embarked in the grain business, in which he has been eminently successful. He owns one large grain elevator in Middletown. and another at Fancy Prairie. Illinnis. being one of the leading grain buyers nf this section. Mr. Graft' was married, September 15, 1898. at ;\Iiddletown, to Edna Glenn, who was born here August 17, 1880, and is a daughter of J. A. Glenn, whose Ijiographical sketch appears in another part of this vol- ume. To 'Sir. and ]\Irs. Graff was born one son,- -Glenn \\'., on ]\Iay 4, 1899. Sociallv ^Ir. Graft' is connected with Ashland Lodge, K. P. ; [Myrtle Lodge, I. O. O. F., of [Middletown, and the Court of Honor. In politics he is a Republican, and ably performs the duties of a memljer of the town board of the prosperous little city of i\Iiddleto\vn. He is president of the [Middle- town [Mutual Telephone Company and one of its organizers, it being a prosperous com- pan\' with over one hundred 'phones. He is also captain of the Rough Riders, a branch of the Anti-Horsethief Associati<;)n, and has held the position since its organization, two vears ago. CHARLES S. LAWRFA'CE. The name of Lawrence is lidentified with the early days of Illinois, and with liie large and successful agricultural under- takings which have placed the state fore- most in the production of sustenance for ■ the nation. Charles S. Lawrence, whose \ useful and well balanced life spanned the distance between his birth, September 8, CHARLES LAWRENCE. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 507 1847, on the farm now occupied l.iy his ciiilch'en in Logan count}', and his death. Xovenil)ei" 12. 1895, '^^'^^ typical of the en- ergetic and honored middle western farmer, who judicioush- manages and ahundantly reaps. His father. Theodore Lawrence, a nati\-e of Hardy county. West Virginia, was one of the widely known pioneers of this part of the county, coming here di- recth' after his marriage in Springfield, Il- linois. Xo\-emljer jq. 1837, with Eli.ra Ann Tabor, a native of Ohio. He had jjre- viotisK" purchased land in Logan county, to which he added from time to time, s<^ that at the time of his death. March 23 . iS^j. he was the possessor of nearly two thousand acres. He was a self-made man in e\ery sense of the word, and at the age of tweh'e years began to personally support three brothers and one sister. He cher- ished a pride of birth, especially on his mother's side, for in this connection he was kin of the Steenbergers, one of the old and aristocratic southern families. He was a Ivepublican in politics, but steadfasth' re- fused official recognition, and he was a memljer of the Methodist Episcopal church. With his wife, who died March 19, 1889, he is buried on the old homestead in Logan County. The education (.)f Charles S. Lawrence was gained through a tutor and goyerness. both of whom came to his father's house. He was one in a famih' of fi\e cliildren, nanieh- : Frances V... who is the widow of .\ If red W. Turner, who died June 6, 1881 ; Elizabeth A., who became the wife of Alex- ander Lawrence, of Logan county, and both of whom are deceased; William S.. who married Virginia Daley, and they are also deceased: John T., who marrierl Frances Lawrence, and li\es on the old homestead in Logan county; and Charles S. 27 At the age (jf sixteen Mr. Lawrence left school, and, his father ha\-ing in the mean- lime died, he Ijecanie associated with his iirother in the care of the home farm. On Xo\-ember 13, 1872. he married, at Spring- field, Illinois, Miss Anna Eliza Westfall, who was born, in Sangamon county, near Old Berlin, _April 5, 1853. AI'.'s. Lawrence was one in a famih' of three sons and three daughters, nanieh': .Smith Westfail, who liyes in Kansas City. Missouri; .\r.na ]i.. who was the wife of Charles S. Lawrence; Helen, who died at the age of thirt^'-fiye; George, who is a resident of the Sand\»'ich Islands ; Leona, now deceased, -who was the wife of Thomas Strawbridge. of Ot- tawa, Kansas; and Charles, who lives in Ottawa. Kansas. To ]\Ir. and Mrs. Charles .S. Lawrence were Ixjrn seven children, all of whom, with the exception of _ Ro\', who died at the age of t\v(i x'ears, are living on the homestead. The children are: Anna Louise, (iwendolen, .Stella. Winifred, Mar- garet D.. and b" ranees Theodora. .\fter his father's death Mr. Lawrence liecame possessed of one thousand acres of land, including the old homestead, upon which he carried on large farming and stock-raising interests. He prospered ex- ceedingly, and at the time of his death left over one thousand acres In the siilendid inral honie now occupied by his daughters, and lie also owned [jroperty in Springfield, Illinois. I lis wife died Jul)- 28. 1894, and is buried at Oak Ridge cemeter\' with her husband. Mr. Lawrerice was prominent in the afifairs of the Republican ])art\', and represented his district in the 37th general assenibly. He was fraternalh' associated with the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows, of Elkhart, and was a member of Christ I-".piscopal church, of Sjiringfield. of which he was vestry man for a time. He So8 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. possessed many of tlie stable and strong characteristics handed down from liis Eng- lish ancestry, and he was universally es- teemed for his integrity, his public-spirited enterprise, and for his agreeable personal- ity. » » » HON. NICHOLAS P. GASA\\'AY. Nicholas P. Gasaway, of the tirm of Gasaway & Son, general merchants, of Latham, Ulinijis, was born in Ross count}-, Ohio, March 4, 1848, a son of J. D. and ]Martha J. (Caldwell) Gasaway. He was four years of age when his father left Ohio and located in Springfield. Illinois, where they spent one winter, going then to Lake Fork township, Logan county, where the father bought land, and upon that farm our subject grew to manhood. There was much to be done, as his father raisetl many head of cattle, and the only schoolmg he received was through the winter months. When almost twenty-one our subject was married, February 12, 1869, to ]Miss Eliza J. Sherer, of Lake Fork. Illinois, who was born in Grant county. Kentucky, and came to Illinois with her father, Da\id Sherer, when she was a child. After mar- riage Mr. Gasaway engaged in farming on his father's land for a few years, but later he bought eighty acres of wild land, for which he paid twenty-seven dollars an acre, and followed farming until 1900. I\lr. auil Mrs. Gasaway have had a family of five children, and four of these are still living. A sad blow was given our subject and wife in the death of the only daughter. Carrie E., a sweet girl of sixteen. The sons all grew to maturity and are among the most honored and highly respected citizens of this count}-, namely : Thomas, who is a partner in the mercantile business with his father, in Latham': J. D., who is an extensive farmer in Lake Fork township; Levi, who is also a farmer in Lake Fork township ; and John, the voungest, who is an efficient clerk in bis father's store. Our subject was reared in the Demo- cratic part}- and imbued with its principles, and he was still \-oung when be l>egan to take an active interest in political matters. As early as 1885 he was chosen supervisor of Lake Fork township, and for the twelve succeeding years no change was made in the incumbency of that office. He was the chairman of tiie board of supervisors during the last five years of bis official connection with the board, and during his administra- tion man}- improNements (jf a substantial character were niade in the county. It was through his instrumentality that eight}- acres of land were added to the county farm, and it was his good management that gained the county ten iron bridges, these being the first of the kind e\-er built here. ]\Ir. Gasaw-ay had the interests of the poor farm at heart and he ditl much toward its inipro\-ement and u])building during his management of the office. In 1898 the esteem in which he was held l)y bis fellow' citizens was shown by his elec- tion as their representati\'e to the forty-first general asseml>l\-. which niet in 1899. Dur- ing his term of service he was on tb.e import- aiit comniittees on banking, ])ublic build- ing-s and sanitar\- committees, fulfilling all the duties pertaining to these ])ulilic trusts with ability and efficiency. He has been sent as a delegate many times to conxen- tions. being some fi\e times a state delegate. His political record is an envial>Ie one, and he is well and thoroughly known through the county, bis public life having brought him into contact with the most of the prom- inent citizens oi the state. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 509 Mr. Gasaway is also prominent in a number of fraternal orders, particularly the Masonic, and was raised in Lodge Xo. 521, A. F. & A. M., at Illiopolis, but dimitted and became a charter member of the Latham Lcxlge, Xo. 853. in 1898, and has been its treasurer ever since its inauguration. He took the degrees of Knight Templar and Ro}-al Arch at 3iIount Pulaski, X'^o. 39 and No. 121, respectively. He is also a charter member of the Knights of Pythias, of Latham, where he has passed all of the chairs, and he has been sent as a representa- tive to the grand lodge. Mr. Gasawa}' is one of the leading citi- zens of Latham, where his private, busi- ness and political life has redounded only to his credit, and no record of Logan county would be complete without a biographical mention of this representative citizen. }iIRS. MARGARET ELLIS. A representative social leader in the town of Lincoln, Mrs. Margaret Ellis is alsD a large property owner, and a business woman (if more tlian ordinary ability. The widow of X'icholas Ellis, remembered as one of the most substantial and successful of the ag- riculturists of Logan county, !Mrs. Ellis i^ the youngest child born in Europe to Jacob and Katherine Fuhs, who emigrated to America in 1856 with their four children. The children in the order of their births are ; Christ, who is now living about a mile and a half from Washington Heights, Cook county, Illinois: Emma, who resides on the home place in Cook county ; Mary, who is the wife of Frank Kieffer, and lives at Wash- ington Heights : Margaret, now Mrs. Ellis ; Charles F., who also lives at Washington Heights : and Joseph, who lives on the home place. Mrs. Ellis received excellent educational training in her youth, and in 1876 married X'icholas Ellis, a son of Martin E. Ellis, who emigrated from Germany with his wife and six children about 1856. Martin Ellis was one of the very early pioneers of Chicago and vicinity, and the first work in which he engaged after coming to Illinois was cutting logs from the present site of Chicago. Sub- sequently he worked as a farm hand on the prairies, a not too profitable undertaking, for when he arrived in Springfield with hi.s family he was the possessor of the inspiring sum of twenty-five cents. His wife seems to have imbibed the courageous and free spirit of the plains, for she put her shoulder to the wheel and worked with her husband in a hemp factory in Springfield. After a time the father Ijecame interested in a jxirk ])acking concern in the town, and gradually made his way to the front, and in time owned consideral)le land in Logan county. As may be imagined, his son, Xicholas, was obliged to shift for himself at a very early age, and he fortunately possessed industry and application sufficient to overcome what- ever of discouragement or obstacles came his way. In the family, besides himself, were : Catlierine, who died in Broadwell township ; Mary, who was the wife of Frank Risley, and died in 1874; Fred. Christine, and Josephine, who all died in childhood. After her marriage ]\Irs. Ellis came to Logan county, where her husband bought a farm in Broadwell township, upon which they lived for about seventeen years. Mr. Ellis died on the home farm January 8, 1894, after which Mrs. Ellis closed up her farming- interests and purchased a pleasant home at 515 X'^orth Logan street. To Mr. and Mrs. Ellis were born four cliildren, two 5IO THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. sons and two daughters, namely: John M., who was born February 17, 1883, and is living at home ; ]Mary. who was born Au- gust 25. 1885 : Susan J., who was born Sep- tember i8. 1S86: and Allen J., who was born August .V iSSS. The children are being ed- iicateil in the jiuljlic schools of Lincoln, and it is the intention of their mother to give them every opportunity in her power to im- prove their talents and general ability. The property of .Mrs. Ellis consists of one farm of four hundred and thirty-three acres in Broadwell townshii), and another farm of one hundred and forty-seven acres in the same township, and a farm of one hundred and twentv-three acres in Chester township. The farm i)roi)erty is all rented out to ten- ants. Mr. and ]\[rs. Ellis were among the earl\- communicants of St. Mary's Catholic church of Lincoln and assisted liberally in l)uilding both clun-ch edihces. .\MKS AVRES. James .\vres, a well-known retired farm- er of Mt. Pulaski, is a native of Ohio, born on a farm in Miami count)- Xovember 15, 1834, and is a son of Darius antl Orpah ( Rosebrough ) Ay res. The father was l)orn in Madison ciuinty. that state, in 1800, while tlie m( ther was l)orn in Kentucky in 1804. n^iiev were married in Hamilton county, (^hio, and later removed to Miami county, that state, where the father was engaged in general farming until his death in 1839.. The farm which he left to his widow was small, but it was all jjaid fus to the mother's death. After his marriage Mr. Ayres remained on the old homestead, ha\ing purchased the interests of the other heirs in the place, and to it he added a tract of forty acres, making- one liundretl and sixty acres in all. It is now under a high state of cultivation and im- jjrcjved with good and substantial buildings. Renting the farm in March, 1S93, Mr. A}-res removed to Mt. Pulaski, and has since lived a retired life, though he still hxiks after his property interests. While living in the coun- try he was a member of the school board for se\-eral years, and has always taken a deep and commendable interest in all enterprises calculated to advance the social, moral or material welfare of the community in which he lives. He is a man of the highest re- spectal)ility. and is well liked Ijy all who know him. ■»—-*■ WILLIAM SH.\W DUNHAM. Prominent among the business men of Atlanta is William Shaw Dunham, who for (i\-er forty-five years has been closely identi- fied with the history of the city, while his name is inseiKirably cnnnected with its com- mercial and financial records. In business affairs he has been wonderfulh- successful. and is now president of the Atlanta National Bank, and one of the largest land owners in Logan county. Mr. Dunham was born in \\ ashington county, Ohio, September 28. 1827. and i.s one of a family of six children whose par- ents were William W. and ^lary G. ( Green) Dunham. Tiie father was a native of Eng- land, and came to the L'nited States with two brothers at an earlv day. Having learned the trade of a compositor and done considerable newspaper work in England, he immediately located in Providence, Rhode Island, on his arrival in this country, and be- came editor of the Pro\'idence Journal. After publishing that paper for several years he removed to Marietta, ^^'ashington coun- ty. Ohio, and assumed the editorship of the Marietta Gazette, carrying on that paper un- til two years before his death, when he came, in April, 183 1, to< Waynesville, DeWitt county, Illinois, where he purchased a farm and engaged in its operation until his death, in October, 1833. His wife survived him many years and died in August. 1877. Our subject was onl}- six years old at the time of his father's death, and as the family was left in limited circumstances he was forced to seek a livelihood for himself and mother at the age of twelve. As his time was then spent in following the plow, his education was necessarily limited. He fol- lowed farming until eighteen years of age, and was then liound <;iut bv iiis mother to A. B. Lewis as clerk in his dry-goods store at \\'aynesville. where he worked for three years, at a salary of five dollars per month the first year : second year, ten ; and the last year uas paid a salary of two hundred dol- lars. During that time he managed to save enough, with the assistance of his brother, to emljark in a similar enterprise with C. H. Ormsby. this partnership existing for two 512 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. years. He afterward took his two brothers in with him, the firm being known as J. P. Dunham & Company, and tliey carried on business together at Wa}-nesville for twelve years. In June, 1856, Mr. Dunliam came to At- lanta and opened a mercantile establishment under the name of Dunham &: IMaltby, which partnership continued until the fall of 1858, when he sold out and established another business, which he carried on alone. In 1861 he formed a partnership with James Shores and Jaco1> Hawes. The latter sub- sefjuentlv sold out to W'illiani Milliner. This firm existed some eighteen years, but in 1879 purchased the entire business and admitted his son to partnership, the firm having since been known as \\'. S. Dunham & Smi. The_\' enjoy an excellent trade and have one of tiie largest ckithing establishments in At- lanta. Mr. Dunham owns ten hundred and forty-two acres of valuable farming land, six hundred and forty acres of which adjoin the city of Atlanta, while the remaining four hundred and two acres are on the out- skirts of Pontiac. Besides this property he has considerable real estate in Atlanta, and has just completed one of the most hand- some and modern residences in the place, at a cost of seven thousand dollars. The plan was taken from a California mansion, and the work was carried on day by day under his watchful e\-e. the interior woodwork be- ing a piano finish. Mr. Dunham was first married, Novem- ber 5, 1851. ti) Miss Adeline Branson, of Sangamon countv. and tci them was liorn a son, William \\'.. wiio died in infancy. The wife died Alay 29, 1853. and was interred with her little child in the W'aynesville cem- etery. On the 5th of September, 1855, Air. Dunham was married to Miss Martha E. Harrison, a daughter of Dr. F. F. Harrison, of Waynesville. and they became the par- ents of five children, of whom Samuel C. ilied at the age of six years, and INIeneta E., an accomplished and highly educated young lady, died in her twenty-ninth year. The surviving children are Addie, now the wife of Thomas H. Slaughter, who conducts a musical conservatory in Louisville, Ken- tucky, and is a graduate of the same; Kate D., wife of Samuel K. Huston, an expert diamond cutter and jeweler of Chicago, Illi- nois ; and William S., Jr., general merchant of Atlanta. Mr. Dunham lias been a member of the Independent Order of Odtl Fellows since 1848, and president of LTnion Hall Associa- tion of Atlanta. He cast his first presi- dential vote for General AA'infield Scott, the ^^'llig candidate, and since the organization of the Republican party in 1856 has been one of its stanch supporters. He has been called upon to fill \-arious official positions of honor and trust, being a member of the state legislature in 1894, and serving on a number of the important committees, includ- ing that of state buildings, agriculture and banks. He was also on the committee that \isited all the state institutions. He served with distinction as mayor of the city, alder- man and trustee for one term each, and was president of the school board for three years. Owing to advancing years, he now de- clines all ]iolitical honors which the people would confer upon him, preferring tn spend his remaining days in ease and quiet. Mr. Dunham is noted for his liberality, giving generouslv at all times to any enterprise cal- culated to advance the interests of his fel- low citizens or promote the general welfare. His career has ever been such as to warrant the trust and confidence of the business ivorld, for he has ever conducted all trans- actions on the strictest principles of honor- i THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 513 and integrity. His devotion to the public good is unquestioned and arises from a sin- cere interest in the welfare of his fellow- men. Religiously his wife is a member of the Methodist church, and they are people of prciminence in the cit\- which has so IcMig been their home. HUGH A. BIXXS. One of the leading business men of Middletown, Logan county, Illinois, who is prominently identiliefl with many business enterprises, is Hugh A. Binns. a descendant of an old English famil}' which located in Virginia at a very early day. He was born in Pike county, Ohio, January 30, 1855, and is a son of Lee Durhaui and Jane (Johns- ton) Binns, the fi^rmer nf whom was a na- tive of Virginia, and the latter of Pennsyl- vania, their marriage taking place in the state of Ohif). The father of our subject was a gallant srildier in the Union army during the Ci\il war, serxing for three years in the Xinety-tirst Ohio Volunteer Infantry. After the close of the war he returned to Ohio and engaged in farming there until 1870, at that date moving to Logan coun- ty, Illinois, and locating on a farm in Cor- win tiiwnship. Until his death, .\ugust 11. 1874, he followed farming and became a well-known and respected citizen of the com- munity. His widow survived until Decern her 31, 1900. passing out of life with the old year. Both were laid away in the Pleasant Valley cemetery, in Corwin township. Logan county. Hugii A. Binns is one in a family of seven cliildren, as follows : Phili]i, who married Molly Pittman, resides in X'ebraska; Johanna resided with her mother until her death : Susan, who married James K. War- ren, resides in ^^larion coimty, Kansas; Hugh A. is the subject of this sketch; Lee D., who married Rosie Martin, resides in Sheridan township on a farm ; James, who married Truda Worth, resides at Red Oak, Iowa, engaged in farming and cattle-rais- ing: and Charles, unmarried, resides in New Holland, Illinois, where he has lield the po- sition of cashier in the Merchant's Piank for the past eight _\ears. The educational opportunities afforded i;-/ur subject in his youth were limited to the seasons during the winters, as the summers were occupied in work on the farm, but un- td he was twenty years old he managed to pass a part of each winter in the district schools of the neighborhood, obtaining an- educatio!!. He came to Logan county, Illi- nois, with his parents, and was on the home farm until about i8c)3, when he purchased eighty acres of land in Corwin township, on section 6, living on section 5, on his mother' =1 farm. This farm he still owns, as well as three shares in the home farm. Mr. Binns was married, Xovember it, 1803. in Sheridan township, at the residence of his brother-in-law. to Miss Fannie Windle. who was Ijorn in 1865 in that town- ship, and is a daughter of Daniel and Han- nah ( Hagen ) \\'indle. Her father was a farmer of that place, but is now in York count)-. Nebraska. ]\Irs. Binns is one of a family of five children born to her parents, namely : Doug- lass, Joseph, Clarence, Katie and Fannie. The children born to our subject and his w ife are Alildred. Howard, Alma and Hugh, the two eldest being in school. .\fter marriage Hugh A. Binns remained on the homestead farm and his mother moved into X'ew Holland. He had pur- chased all of the machinery, implements and 514 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. stock and cinitiiuied tlic (iperatiMii nf the farm for the foUdwinj^- twn years, removiui;- then to Xew Holland, where he engaged i'l the business of stock biixing fur a period of three years, coming then liack to the farm, where lie remained for two years more. Ho next mo\-eiI to Middlclown, where he opened up a grain luisiness and has pros- pered exceedingl}-. Mr. liinns owns eighty acres in Corwin townshi]). and a ]3art of the ■old homestead, while he also owns in Kansis a tine property comprising two hundred and fort\- acres. For a numher of years he has been one of the stockholders in the (iernian American National Bank of Lincoln, Illi- nois, while he is socially connected with Camp .\o. 571,1. .M. W . A. A K'epiililica'.i in pc litics. he has been acti\e in the ranks of his jjartx' and is a \er\- efficient nienilier of the Middletown \ illage lioard. The relig- ious connectio.n of the family is with the JNIethodist church, where all are held in high esteem. D.VXIEL SHOCKEV. Among the soldiers of the Civil Avar w hi im it is our diUy and pleasiu'e to honor, none stand higher in his com- munity than Daniel Shockey. who re- sides on section IJ, Ihu'llnU townsliip. Lo- gan county. Ulincjis. ] Me was l>orn in Franklin, count}-. Pennsxivania, .March 10. 1831. and is a son of John and Catherine ( Mcinn ) Shockex", both of whom were na- tives of the same state as our subject. The ]5arents were married in Pennsyl- vania and lived there tuitil 1 85^:1, where the fa.ther operated a farm and raised sti.ick. but at that date the family removed to Flk- liart. Illinois. John Shocke\- i)urchased a great manv Mexican land warrants, and .at one time owned oxer four thousand acres of land, the greater part of xxhich x\as soiUh ;md xxest of Elkhart, in Logan county, Illi- nois. He resided on the hill now occupied by "Mrs. John D. Gillette, and here he died in 1838. his wife haxing died one x'ear jjrior to his tleath. He had refused to hold public of- tice, but took an actixe interest in all that ])ertained to the advancement of the com- nuuiitx' in xxhich he lixed. In politics he Avas a Re'pul'.lican and he attentled the Dunkard church, of whicli his wife was a meml)er. He is remembered to this day as one of the most highly respected and public- S])irited men of that locality, and his death was nioin'ned as a public calamity. To himself and \xife xvere Ijorn seventeen chil- dren, as follows: John, xvho married Cath- erine lleck, and resides in Bates county, .Misscjuri; Daniel, our subject: Christopher, XX ho married a Miss Hooxer ami resides in JM-anklin county. Pennsylvania: Susan- nah, xvho married John Ueinhart and first resided in Illinois and then retin'ned to Pennsxixania : Jerry, who enlisted in Com- pany I, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois X'ohuiteer Infantry, and died of fever xvhile in the serxice : Henr\-, who married Miss Susannah Shockey, deceased, noxv resides in Pennsylvania; Mary, who married John J. Moore and resides near Mount Pulaski, Illinois: Lvdia, xxho died at the age of se\-- enleen : and nine other children who died in childhood. Daniel Shockev had limited educational ;,dxantages, but attended a district school in Franklin county. Pennsylvania, until he xvas nineteen during the xvinter and then as- sisted his father upon the farm luitil he was twentx-one. In 185.^ he came west to Il- linois and located in Logan county, xvhere he ])rplied. He has numberless friends and his- future looks very bright and promising. JOSEPH T. WILLBANKS. One of the leading self-made men of Lo- gan county is Joseph T. Willbanks, who has- for a nun-iber of years been a leading repre- sentati\'e of the agricultural interests of Hurlbut township. Although he started out upon his business career without capital, de- pendent entirely upon his own resources, he has wdrkeil his way steadily upward, brook- ing no obstacles that could be overcome by persistent and honest purpose, and to-day he is the (wner of five hundred and seventy- acres of \-aluable farming land. I\Ir. Willbanks was torn in Jefferson- county. Illinois, Februar}- 10. 1829, a son of William and Ann ( AlcCann ) Willbanks.- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 519 His paternal grandparents were Daniel and Jane (Thomas) Willbanks, who were mar- ried Julv 31, 1794. The former was born June 15, 1770, and the latter July 16, 1773. They had a large family of children, of whom the following record is preserved : John, born October 22, 1796, was shot at Union Court House, South Carolina, July 28, 1835. Thomas, born December 11, i79iS, was drowned at St. Louis, Missouri, April II, 1830. James was born March ig, 1801, ^^'illiam, the father of our subject, was the next of the family. David was born April 6, 1805. Peggy, born October 2-j. 1808, was married, August 18, 1824, to James Black, and after his death was married, in Xovem- ber, 1837, to LTriah Compton, her death oc- curring in August, 1842, when she was thirty-si.K }'ears of age. Judith, born Au- gaist 8, 1813, became the wife of 1. S. Rob- inson, November 19, 1839, and died June 18, 1848. Daniel, born ]\Iay 13, 1817. was married, about IMarch 7, 1841, to Margaret E. Campbell, and died at ^lemphis, about 185 1. The father, Daniel Willbanks, Sr., died August 2-j, 1844. and his wife, Mrs. Jane Willbanks, died ALiy 7, 1S51, at the age of seventy-eight years. He conducted a tavern and postoffice on the stage route between Mt. Vernon and Shawneetown, was also the magistrate and county surveyor and the leading man of that section. The post- office was conducted by meml.iers of the \\'i]lbanks familv until President Lincoln's administration. \\'illiam Willbanks, the father of our subject, was born near Sparksburg, North Carolina. March 19. 1803, and after arriv- ing at years of maturity married Ann Mc- Cann. in March, 1823. She was a native of Sinclair county, Illinois, lx)rn within ele\-en miles of Lebanon. For many years tiie fa- ther engaged in farming in Jefferson coun- tv, Illinois, makino; his hcjme there until his death, which occurred in 185 1. In his po- litical atliliations he was a stanch Democrat. His wife surx'ived him until 1873. They were the parents of nine cliildren : Martha, the eldest, died at the age of eight years ; Margaret Jane became the wife of William Bartholomew and lived in the Indian Ter- ritory, Ijut died in Iowa ; Joseph is the .next younger; Sarah A. became the wife of Riley Knowles and died in Menard count}', and he is also deceased ; James B. is married and resides 'in the Indian Territory ; Hannah L. is the wife of \\'illiani Knowles, of Da- kota : Rachel, who died in Alton, Illinois, was three times married, to Martin Hale, Abraham Deck and Christopher Lehr, suc- cessi\"el\' : ]\Iarian became the wife of Daniel ^^'agoner and died in Petersburg, Illinois, while his death occurred in Montgomery countv, this state; and Judith A. is the widow of ^^ illiam Lehr and resides near Seguin, Texas. Joseph T. Willbanks pursued his educa- tion in a little log schoolhouse which stood on the bank of a tiny stream of water in Jef- ferson county. The seats were split logs, placed upon wooden pins, and similar pins dri\-en into the v.all served to uphold a split- log which served as a writing desk. Later he attended school in a log house which was also used as a Presbyterian church. Rattle- snakes were quite numerous in the forests and all was wild and primitive. At the age of twenty }"ears he put aside his text-books, and for a year and a half he engaged in driving a team for his uncle, after which he returned to the homestead farm. He took up a claim of one hundred and sixty acres in Jefferson countv, and as a companion and helpmate for the jovu'ney of life chose Miss ^lenesa Knowles, who was liorn in Gibson county, Indiana, ]\larch 24, 1833, a daugh- 520 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ter (if Wiley and Minerva ( Scott) Knowles. On the ])aternal side lier ancestry can he traced hack to tlie early part of the seven- teenth century, when two men of the name of Knowles, probably brothers, came from England to America, settling first in Vir- ginia, and later removing to Delaware. One of these, Eddy Knowles, was the ancestor of Mrs. W illhanks. His son, Richard Knowles, was burn, lived and died in Delaware. He ■\vas twice marrietl, and by his first union had, a son Eddy, who left Delaware in 1795 and settled in Greene county, Georgia, where he reared his family of ten children, including James Knowles, the great-grandfather n{ Mrs. \\'illl)anks. He was Ijorn in Delaware and was married there in 177S to Patience Marvel. They afterward removed to Greene county, Georgia, but not until after the birth of fi\-e of their children, the eldest being Prettyman Knowles, the grandfather. He married Patsy Greer, who was brought to America from Ireland when only a year old. They had ten children, the fourth being \\'ile\- Knowles, who was born April 25, i8og, and married Minerva Scott, a native of Kentuckv, by whom he had six sons and five daughters, among the number being the wife I if (nu' subject. She was born Marc'i 24, 1833. in Gibson county, Indiana. Her parents had been married in that state, July 28, 1830, and in 1845 they removed to Jef- ferson county, Illinois, where they spent their remaining days, the father dying .March 4, 180)3, in his eighty-fourth year, the mother February 10, 1899, at the age of eighty-seven. Their children were 'as fol- lows : William married Hannah Willbanks and resides in Dakota ; Mrs. Willbanks, of this review, is the next vounger ; Patsy is the wife i:f George Parish, of Oregon : ^lar- tin, of Jeffers(^n county, married .\lvira Kirk, and after her death wedded Ellen Jones; .\sa married Margaret Garner, now deceased, and resides in P'tah : Susannah died at the age of seventeen years ; .\nnanias married Harriet Smith and resides in JefYer- son countv ; Francis, who is living on the old homestead ten miles south of Mount Ver- non, Jefferson county, married Florence Smith, and after her death wedded Miss Pace; Leander, who married for his second wife .\manda ]\Iorgah, also lives in Jefifer- son county ; Sarah is the wife of Richard Davis, who is living near Spring Garden, Jefferson county: ^Nfalissa Caroline, now liv- ing in Wyoming, has lieen married suc- cessively to J. Gambrel, James Bascom and Dr. S. Miller, the physician of the state l^ienitentiarv of \\'voming, ha\'ing lost her first two husbands. The marriage of ]\lr. and Mrs. Will- banks, which occurred February 16, 185T, has been Ijlessed with ele\en children : Mary Evaline, born May 2, 1852, became the wife of James .\sh and died November 14. 1877. There were two children, the li\ing one be- ing Am\- 'SI., who resides with her grand- ]iarents. ^^'illiam 1\.. born December it, 1853. ''ied ]^Iarch 13, 1853. John ~Sl.. born December 13, 1855, married Grace Ellis, by \\hom he has four children, and resides in Springfield, Illinois. Robert L., born January 17, 1858, is with his ])arents. Stephen .\., born February 10, i860, re- sides on a farm in Menard county and mar- ried .\da Council, by whom he has four chil- dren. Francis .\.., liorn September 6, 1862, is at home. Charles B., liorn Febru;iry 8. 1863, married Maggie Hammond, liy whom he has three children, and resides at Lake Fork. Logau county. Cornelia C, born Julv 8. 1867, is the wife of John Ferguson, by whom she has two children, and their home is southeast of Elkhart, Illinois. Jo- se]ih H., born January 2, 1870, and li\ing THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 52r southeast of Mount Pulaski, married Mer- clies Dean Gillespie, l>y whom he has two children. Wiley T., born March 27. 1872, died at the age of ten years. Alexander D., horn December 27. 187^, is now in the State Unix'ersitv of Wyoming. ]Mr. and Mrs. \\'illbanks celebrated their golden wedding February 16. i()oi.'at which was present their eight children. I'lir h\e \ears after his marriage Mr. \\'illl>anks carried on farming in Jefferson county and then remoxed tn Menard coun- tv. where he remained for four years, wheu he came to Hurllnit township, Logan coun- ty March 10, i860. Here he has since made his hi .-me. his time and attention l>eing gi\-en t(.i farming until of recent years, when he has turned (jyer the operation and manage- ment of his farm to his sons. He has pros- ])ered in his undertakings and as his financial resources hax'e increased he has added to his jjroperty until he now owns h\e hundred and se\'cnt}- acres of \-alual)le land. He has refused to hold office, but is a stanch Dem- ocrat in politics and alwa)"s exercises his right of franchise in supp<.)rt of the men and measures of the jjarty. He and his famih attend the Presbyterian church. He is genial, jovial, kind-hearted and liberal, and has man\- warm friends. For more than se\- enty years he has tra\-eled life's journe\- and has always enjoyed and merited the re- spect and confiflence of those with whom he is associated, and can number his friends i'l Logan Count}" 1)\- the scores. JOHX C. THOMPSOX, Jr. Prominent among the successful, prci- gressive and scientific farmers of Logan county, Illinois, is John C. Thompson, Jr., who resides on a vahuible tract of one hun- dred and seventy-eight acres of land, lo- cated on section 15, Elkhart township. His birth occurred in Menard county, Illinois, August 13, 1855, and he is a son of John C. and Alalissa Jane (Wasson) Thompson, the former of whom was born Xo\ember 3, 1825, in county Antrim. Ireland, and the latter in (ireene county, Illinijis, their mar- riage taking place in Jacksonville, this state. The father attended the schools in his nati\-e land, finishing his education after coming to the United States. In 1836 he set sail from Li\'erpool on a fine sailing x'essel bound fc;r America, and was six weeks on the water, encountering' sex'ere storms ot e\-er_\- kmd, and linally landing in Xew York. He went immeiliately to Bucks county,. Pennsylvania, where many of his country- men were emi)lo\ed. There he remained for some three years and then accom])anied his parents, George W. Thompson and wife, to- Scott county, Illinois. They l(x"ated near Manchester, where the father engaged in farming, imt he suryi\-ed the change of home but a short time, dying in a few years. The mother retained the farm and operatetl it with the assistance of her two sons, who re- mained with her as long as their services were needed. At the age of twenty-two years Mr. Jhomjison went to Menard coun- ty, Illinois, and during his residence there was married to Malissa Jane Wasson. F"olli)wing his marriage he continued to pursue farming in Menard countv. where he Ijought one hundred and sixt_\- acres of land, upon which he remained for eight years, renmying tlien to Logan county, Illi- nois, where he bought twoi hundred and eighty acres, and about 1867 his wife died on this farm, lea\ing eight small children. The father married for his second w ife ^le- lissa Whitehead, I)}' whom he had four chil- dren. He cijntinued his farming operations THE BIOGRATHICAL RECORD. until about ten years ag;o, and tlien retired from active exertion, making his home with his son. liis namesake, and our subject. ]\lr. Tliompson lias always supixirted the Republican party and has thoroughly be- lieved in its principles, but lie has never been willing- to hold political office. His religious connection has long been witli the Presby- terian church. Eight children were born to the i)arents of our suliject, as follows: Emma, deceased, who was the wife of Jo- seph \\'hitman. and resided in Iowa : \\'ill- iam. who married Minnie E. Duncan, and resides in Granada, Colorado ; George, who married Famiie Bullard, and resides in Syra- cuse, Hamilton county, Kansas ; J. C, of this sketch ; Henry, who died at the age of eighteen; Ella, who is the wife of Da\id Hax'ens, and resides in Mountain City, Ok- lahoma : Jennie, who married J. J. Thomp- son, and resides in Helena. Montana : antl Lucintla Belle, who married William Bus- ter, resides in Colorado Springs, Colorado. To the second union were born the following children : Thomas, whO' lives near Mattoon, Illinois; Amy Ann, wife of Meeker Shaw, of this county; La Fayette, also a resident of this county ; and Harrison, who is a resi- dent i>f Elkhart township. Jcihn C. Thompson, the subject of this biographv, attended schocd in the Rankin district in Logan county, and later em- braced the educational advantages offered in the Central Point school, in Oran town- ship, laying aside his school books at the age of seventeen years. Until he was twenty- one years of age he remained on the home farm, assisting- his father, and was then em- ployetl in the neig'hborhood b}' other farm- ers who desired a capable and willing em- ploye. One year was spent on a rented farm near Mason Citv, Illinois, and he then took charge of and for seven years operated the Boardman farm in Oran township. On August 13, 1882, at the home of John T. Fowler, Mr. Thompson \\as mar- ried to Miss Phebe Fowler, who was born in East Lincoln township May 30, 1865, and is a daug-hter of John T. Fowler and Sarah (Miller) Fowler, the former a native of Maryland and the latter of Pennsylvania, and who were married in Lincoln, Illinois. With the exception of nine years passed in Kansas, Mr. and Mrs. Fowler spent their married li\-es in Logan county, Illinois, where he engaged in farming. After the, death of the mother of Mrs. Thompson, in 1892, ]\[r. Fowler \vas again married, to Ruth Lay ton. and they now reside on a farm east of Lincoln. In politics Mr. Fowler is a Democrat and has long been connected with the Christian church, and with the In- dependent Order of Odd I-'ellows. Mrs. Thompson was one in a family of two children, her younger sister being Har- riet, who married Carl D. Shepler, and re- sides east of Lincoln. The following chil- dren surround the family hearth of \h'. and Mrs. Thompson, bright, intelligent and full of promise: Charles, born June 13, 1885; John, born Deceml>er 24, 1888; Goldie, born December 4, 1892; Grace, born December 9, 1895; Hazel, born February 25, 1898; and Reuben, l)orn April 26, 1900. After his marriage our subject continued to operate the Boardman farm until the spring of 1900, when he purchased the irne esfate he now occupies, consisting of on? hundred and se\enty-eight acres in Elkhart township. Here he has demonstrated his ability as a good farmer and successful raiser of fine stock for market. He has made such excellent permanent improve- ments in the way of buildings, fences, etc., 1 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 523 as to place his farm in the tmnt rank amon;^ desirable ones in Logan county. I\Ir. Thompson is an ardent Republican, is fraternally connected \vith the Modern Woodmen, and both he and family belong to the Baptist church. His standing in the coninumity is high, and he well represents the honest and capable as well as substantial citizens of Logan county. JAMES A. GLENX. One of the prominent citizens of Logan county is James A. Glenn, a self-made man who started out in life with little ca])ital ex- cept health, energy and gcod habits, and is now reckoned among the substantial and re- sponsible men of this great county. The birth of ]\Ir. Glenn occurred in j\Iid- dletown. Illinois, July 28, 1845, and he is a son of David and Lucy (Church) Glenn, the former of whom was a native of Penn- sylvania, the latter of Massachusetts, and their marriage taking place in Bureau coun- ty, Illinois. David Glenn lived here with his parents, but later went to Bureau county to \vcirk in a store, and • it was during this peridd that he met the nmst estimable woman who later became his wife. After his mar- riage he brought his wife to ]\Iiddletown and embarked in th6 stcxrk and mercantile Ijusiness, and so continued until a short time previous to his death. His health had failed and his phvsician ordered a sea vijvage, and he had but started when death overtook him, in 1852, at Shippensburg. Pennsvl- vania. The mother married, in 1863, George Glenn, who was a brother to her first hus- band, and they resided here until his death, her own demise occurring in 1893. '^'"^ family was small, consisting of dur subject, one brother, Charles, who died in 1892, and a half-brother, Winfield. who resides in Chicago. Ihe bo\h(jod of our subject. James A. Glenn, was passed in attendance at school, in Corwin township, where he remained un- til he was fourteen years old, being then sent to Sangamon Academy, at Indian Point, for a period of two years, and later to the W'esleyan L'niversity, at Blooming- ton, for three years. After his school days ended and he was mentally e(piipped for almost any career, Mr. Glenn left ]\Iid(lletown and went to Mendota, Illinois, where he remained for two years, as a clerk in a mercantile busi- ness, returning then to Middletown and amid old surroundings embarked in a gen- eral merchandising. Bv the e.xercise of his excellent judgment, by unceasing industry and energy, as well as by his integrity in commercial life, ^Ir. Glenn succeeded and became the owner c:f the largest business in his line in the place, owning also extensive holdings of land, notably. live hundred and ninety-tive acres in Corwin township, on sec- tions 20, 21 and 28, and three hundred and twenty-five acres in Menard countv, se\en residence lots and two business lots in ]\Iid- dletown, besides several residences. His own beautiful home, supplied with all mod- ern conveniences, was built in 1894. After lieing in business longer than any other man in the \-illage he sold out on the ist of Oc- tober, 1901, and is now practicall}- li\'ing a retired life, though he still looks after his in- \estments. ]Mr. Glenn was married, December 18, 1873, in Menard county, to Zebella Rc^bbins, vvho was lx)rn in that county in June, 1853, and is a daughter of Edward and .\nna (Redsucker) Robbins, the former a nati\e of Holland, and the latter of Menard coun- tv. Mr. Robl>ins was a large farmer and 524 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. stock-raiser in Menard township, owning eight hundred acres of land there at the time of his death, in Se])teml)er. 1899. In pol- itics he was an acti\-e member of the Re- publican party, and was connected with the Catholic church. The mother oi Mrs. Glenn lives on the homestead farm in ]\Ienard coun- ty. Her children are : Susan, who married Edward Grimes, and resides in Arkansas City, Kansas; Zehella. the wife of ^Ir. Glenn: Sarah, who married John Kayler, -and lives on the homestead farm : and Georgia, who is the wife of Charles Spence and also resides on the iKimesteatl farm. The four children Ix rn ti> Mr. and Mrs. Glenn are as follows: Edward, born on March 8, 1875, '""' Anna, Ixirn on March -/• iS//- I'esitle at home: Edna. Ijorn nn August 17, 1880, married Z. W. (iraff, df Middletown, and has (ine son, — Glenn: and Paul, born on .\pril _' 1 . 1889, is at home. During his successful career in [Middle- town Mr. Glenn has taken a leading part in public affairs and has been called upon to fill many responsible positions. For a number of years he was clerk <<{ Cc.iruin township, and has been school treasurer fi;)r twel\-e years. In politics he is an actixe Republican. In e\-er\' position in life he has acquitted him- self with credit and no one in Logan count v is held in highier esteem. Mr. Glenn was made a Mason at Cjreenyiew Lodge, No. 653, of Green\'iew, and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he is a liberal supporter. L\MF.S R. LOfiUE. The science of farming as understood and applied l)y Mr. Lngue constitutes a truly ideal and satisfacttory method of live- lihood. Robbed of the cruditv and inces- sant grintl of former days, farming now^ offers as large a scope for the exercise of large ability, financial and citherwise, as is to be found in nine-tenths of the occupations awaiting the enterj^rise and progress of lat- ter day brawn and brain. The fiingers of the wdrld ceaselesslv rest n])iin the pulse nf the farmer, and his success or failure is felt in e\-ery cnrner of the nnix'erse. It is there- fore fitting that men of culture anil under- standing should appl}- themselves to sys- tematize and simplifv methods of soil culti- NJition, and should ap])reciate to the full the I ippi irtunities b\' which thev are surnamd- cd. It is in this connection that Mr. Logue has attainetl to special prominence, and has tilled his large possessions after the most appro\ed and scientific methods. The farm which constitutes his home is on section if, Ihnilnit township, and contains two hun- dred and fortv acres, and he alsit owns eightx' acres in Menard county, and a half section of land near Curran, Sangamon coiuit}-, Illinois. In addition to a general farming industr\- he raises large numliers of fine stock for market purposes. The family of which Mr. Lfigue is a member came originalh- from Scotland, set- tling first in \'irginia and later in I'ennes- see. lie was born in Wilson county, Ten- nessee, Xo\ember 6, 1856, a son of 'l'a])ley G. and Xancy li. (Bass) Logue, natives of the same count}'. The father was engaged in the t.anning Imsiness through his active life, although the last few years were spent on the farm in partial retirement in his na- tive state up to the time of his death, July 28. 1882. He was a Democrat in politics, and an Odd Fellow, anil a devout member of the Cumberland I'reslnterian church. His wife died February 12. 1890, and l)oth par- ents are buried in Tennessee, E!e\-en chil- dren were Ixjrn into the familv : Emma. J. R. LOGUE. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 527 wlin is the wife nf Sanuiel Jennings, de- ceased, and will I lives in Tennessee; Ten- nessee, who is the wife of J. T. May, of Wichita, Kansas; J. C, who married Lucy Carver and lives in Wilson county, Ten- nessee: Lucv A., wlio is the wife of \\ illiam Thompson, of Tennessee; Ellen, now de- ceased, who married James Omohundro, of Tennessee; T. G., Jr., who married Maggie Davis, and lives at Waxahatchie. Texas : Catherine, who is married to Thomas Wright, of Tennessee: Rohert H., who n.iar- riecl ^liss Sullivan, of 'I'ennessee; h'rank L.. who married ^liss Cantrell and lives in Ten- nessee: Mattie, who is the wife of Samuel Adkerson, of Tennessee; and James R., our suhject. I'ntil his fourteenth year Mr. Logue at- tended the pnl)lic schools of Wilson county, 'J'ennessee, after whicli he stuched at the public schools of Franklin, Tennessee, still later entering the Pleasant Hill Academy, supplemented hy a year at the Cumberland L'ni\ersity, of Lebanon. Tennessee, one of the finest schools of the Cumberland Pres- byterian church. Coming to Lincoln. Illi- ncjis, in December. 1878, and entering the uni\ersit\- at' that ])lace, he was graduated with the degree of Ph. 1>. in June of 1881, and following this returned to his southern home for a few months, after which he i)er- manently located in Ihnibut townslii]). Logan county. Illinois. On December jr. 1881. in that township, he married Effie M. King, who was born ou the farm u])on which Mr. Logue is now li\- ing, March 31, 1864. Her father, J. Cooley King, was born in Ohio, and her mother, Letitia (Kagle) King, was born in Illinois. The ])arents were married in Menard county, Illinois, and engaged in farming, finallv re- moving to the farm now owned and occupied by their son-in-law, Mr. Logue. Mr. King 28 retired from active life in Xovember, 1899, and located in Springfield, wdiere his death occurred March 28, 1901. To Mr. and Mrs. Logue have been born three children : Hat- tie, born July 4, 1883; J. Homer, born De- cember 21. 1891 ; and Florence AI., lx)rn February 22, 1895. In political afifiliation Mr. Logue is a Democrat, and is at present township school treasurer, the township hav- ing a fund of eighteen thousand, nine hun- dred dollars, tiie second largest in the state. He is fraternally associated with the Elkhart Camp. .M. W. .\., and the Elkhart Court of Honor. He is an attendant at the Presby- terian church. Mr. Logue taught school for three years in his, township, after which he engaged irk farming with marked success. He repre- sented his township as supervist)r from 1897 till 1901. and was for three years on the judiciary n imnn'Uee, of which he was f(jr one yeru" chairman, this being the leaeing- aeceiited as sinne of the most \ ;ilu:ihle in this section of the state, and here he has (lie hnndred and lifty-live acres, on section i<). ami he also is the owner of one lunulred and litty-six am! one-half acres in Menard coiint\. all of which is well imiiroved and under a iine state of cultivation. .Mthoiis^h Mr. Ivayhurn has never heen willing to accept puh.lic olVice. he is an active and ardent Ivepubhcan, and much interested in the success of his p:u't\. I'raternally he is a member of Myrtle l.( dge Xo. 470. 1. (). O. v.. of .Middletown, with which he has been connected for many years, w bile he has long been a leailing member of the Cuiii- l>erlaml Rresliyterian eburcb. to which he is a lilK'ral snptiorter. The children liorii to Mr. and Mrs. Ray- ]>urn are .amc no- the most estim.able ;md re- spected citizens of I .og.-m countx' ;ind all are located ue.ar their p.areuls, the gr.andcbildren growing 11]! almost under their e\es, m.aking ple;is;uit their ad\anciiig years. The chil- dren areas lollows: Ivlward 1'"., who mar- ried Mai'y 1''.. Renb, and the\ with their two ciiildren, reside on the old homestead farm: 1 K'o ].. who married h'.tbel Masters, resides on the olil homestead also, in Menard coun- ty, with two children: ;nid Arthur 11., who married l.i/.zie Jacobs, resides in t.'orw in townshp, Logan county, with two chiUlern. .Mr. Rayburn is well and f:i\drabl\ known in this \icinily .and enjoys the highest esteem o| the residents of .Middletown. K )1 ;ss()K (.'. s. ix.i.i'Ah: rile biological department of Lincoln (.'ollege is ]iresided i \-er b_\- a man who i.s well prepareil tor his work, so' well in fact that in schools of the same size or e\eii larger iustitntions we seldom lind men bet- ter litleil for their position than Professor (A S. Oglex'ee, wIki is now professor of nat- ural science in Lincoln College. He w.'is 111 iru ill 1 )ickerson Run. Lenn- sylvania, and began his ctvUegiale edncatioir at \\'aynesburg- College in that state. After ha\iiig attended there t'or a short time he came to Lincoln l'ni\-ersity, now Lincoln College of the James Millikeu Cniversity,' Lincoln, llliiic is. where he linished the scien- tific .course ill iS()4. l)uring his collegiate course he showed a tendencv to m.ake iiiolo- gy and botany a special stud}-, and as a re- ward for efficient work in this line he was added ti; the Lincoln L'niversity faculty in the fall of iS()4. 1 during the following summer he spent some time taking a si>ecial bioUngical com'se THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 531 at Wofxl's Hole, Massacliusetts. He also s])eiU the summer of 1896 at the state l)io- logicai exix;t"imeiit station at Havana, Illi- nois, thus letting no chance of advancement in this line ]>ass. He is now after a fen- years of experience in teaching fast l>ecom- ing an authority. Besides being efificient in his special line. Professor Oglevee is also a fine singer, hav- ing a l)ass voice of great power and was for a time the director of the choir of the First Cumberlanfl Presbyterian Church of Lincoln. HARIJV COUNCIL. Among tlie farmers of Logan county Mr. Council takes high rank, and is credited with conducting his general farming and stock raising after the most scientific and a\>- proved methods. He was bfjrn in Sanga- mon county, Illinois, Janviary 24, 1859, and his parents, John H. and Edna (Lake) Coun- cil, who were Ixjrn respectively May 19, 1822. and June 9, 1831, were also natives of Sangamon county. The parents, who are the (.'wmers of fourteen hundred acres of land nine miles north of Springfield, one th.ni- sand of which have Ijeen divided among his children, are now living a retired life, and are enjoying a deserved leisure. To them has been born four sons and one daughter, namely: Hardy; Charles, who married Au- gusta Jones, of Fancy Prairie, Illinois, and is now Jiving at Springfield ; George, who married Mary Carj^enter, of Sherman, Sangamon county, and resides in Hurlbut township. Logan county ; William, the twin brother of George, who lives on the home- stead ; and Anna Florence, who is the wife of Ciiarles Cantrall, and lives at Athens, ^lenard county, Illinois. Of ambitin the home farm. Two years after he quit schofjl he came to Hurlbut township and assumed charge of the farm which he now owns, and which contains two hundred and sixty acres, l>esides which he rents the adjoining sixty acres Ijelonging to his father. He is one of the most successful farmers of the neigh- borhood, and his land is cultivated to the highest possible e.vtent. He has a fine rural h'^me, gfxxl barns aud outhmises, and nifxl- ern and conveniait machinery. The greater part of his land is devoted to the stock rais- ing business, although he raises grains and general farm prrxluce. He is interested in general public afifairs, and anything ad- vanced for the u])building of the Uxrality may Ije sure of his ardent support and cf»-op- eration. He is a Republican in natif^^nal politics, is fraternally assfx:iated with the Modern WVxxlmen of America, Camp Xo. 51, and he and his wife are members of the Christian church. On ]3ecember 5, 1883, occurred the mar- riage of Mr. Council anfl Julia .Ann Can- trail, who was born near Cantrall, Illinois, April II, i860, daughter of Joshua L., son of Levi, who was born July 28, 1828, and Rel)ecca ( Hedrick) Cantrall, who was born October 5, 1828, in Kentucky. The parents were married in Sangamon cfAinty, Illinois, and in 1864 removed to Sigoumey, Iowa, returning to Illinois in 1866, where they purchased a farm one and a half miles west of Illiopolis, and where the father died March 17, 1882. He was a charter meml^r of the Illioix^lis I^xlge, Xo. 521, A. F. & A. M. An elder in the Christian church for more than fif- teen vears, he also e.xerted a wide moral 532 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. influence as a temperance advocate. His wife, wlio is now a resident of lUiopolis, is the mother of tliirteen children : LaFay- ette, hum January i6, 1849, mai'fied Gus- sie Chambers July 23, 1874, tiie latter born April I, 1856, and they live near Illiopolis, Illinois. Fannie C. born Sq>tember 9, 1850. married B. F. Capps, August 12, i860. 'I'ld she was killed by a horse Octo- ber 8, 1869. Carlysle, born ^lay 26, 1852, married Alice Ina King, October 12, 1876, his wife having been born December 3, 1853. They ha\e one child, Macie, born October 12, 1877, a graduate of the College of Music at Jacksonxille in the class of 1896. Charles, born December 2^, 1853, died in infancy. Barton R., born April 26, 1856, lives with his mother. Parthena, born May 30, 1858, died in infancy. Julia, lidrn .\pril 11, i8fio, married Hardy Council. McDonald C born January i, 1862, lives with his mother. Laura E., born June 3, 1864. married Jusiah Todd, March 22. 1883, and has one child, Fred, who was born May 24, 1884. After her husband's death, March 10, 1884, she married Erastus Dickerson, January 2, 1886, and they ha\-e two children, Amanda and Rebecca Blanch. Clara P., born Sep- tember 8, 1866, married Charles J. Camp- bell, December 5, 1888, who was Ijorn ^larch 29, 1839. Their children are Owen Henry, who was born Se])tember 12, 1889, and Helen, who was born September 16, 1895. Levi, burn Ajiril 20, 1868, married Eva Cohin. July 20, 1892, his wife having Ijeen born March 16, 1872, and their child, Leah, was born July 16, 1893, and died July 25, 1894. Benjamin F., born .-Vugust 25, 1870, married Fannie Burch Adams, January 8, 1895, the latter having been born January ~7> ^^73- They have one child, Grace, who was l)orn .\pril 2, 1897. Jennie, l.xirn June 13, 1872, (lieil in infancy. The Cantrall family is of Welsh, Scotch and Irish e.xtraction, the first representative in America being Zebulon Cantrall, who emigrated fmm \\'ales in 1700, and, it is claimed, built the first brick house in Phila- delphia. L. Cantrall was born in Vir- ginia, October i, 1787, and was a son of Joshua, \\lu> served with courage and dis- tinction in the Revolutionary war, and re- moved from Virginia to Kentucky about 1789. To Mr. and Mrs. Council have been born four children, namely: John Russell, born April 2, 1885 : Hardy E., May 4, 1890; LaFayette McD.. July 27, 1892; and Clara Florence, December, 1893. ]Mr. Council is active in the Christian church, of which he is a trustee. < » » \vii,t.ta:\[ uhle. This well kmwn and highly esteemed citizen of Mt. Pula.ski was fur many years ])rominently identified with the argricultural interests of this county, but is now living a retired life, enjoying a well earned rest and the prosperity which should always attend hcnest effort in the line of one's chosen call- ing. .\ native of Germany, Mr. Uhle was Ijr.rn in the cit_\- of Ziegenrueck. Thuering- en, Prussia, February 7, 1837, and is a son of Carl Frederick and Rosine Fredericka Magdalene (Vollrath) Uhle. The father was born in the same place, and was one of a family of seven children, while the mother was the only child of her ])arents. Through- ouji life the father worked a>t the black- smith's trade, and he owned a nice home with nine acres adjoining the city of Ziegen- rueck, where he ccntinued to reside until death claimed him. He was then over eighty \ears of age, as were also both grandfathers of our subject when called to their final rest. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 533 Tlie tatlier had three cliildren. Of these Carl Freihnc was a blacksmith by trade and was a suldier of the war of 1S48. He came into possession of the cvld homestead, whicii since his death has become the projjertv of one of his children, ^\'ilhelmina, the nn'.v sister of onr subject, married Heinrich Lind and is now deceased. Dnring- his boyhoDtl and )outli William Uhle recoived a goixl practical education in the scbon which he lived for one year and then removing to the A'alnable and desirable farm which he now occupies. Mr. Worth has erected a hand- some residence and barns on this farm, con- sisting of one hundred and sixty acres of fine land, on section 4, Corwin township, which he rents from his father. Mr. ^^'orth was married December 23, 1896, at Lincoln, Illinois, to Miss Anna Steinhauer, wh(> was born at Williamsville, Se]>tember 8, 1876, a daughter of William and Ellen F". ( Brust ) Steinhauer. Her father \vas born in 1843, "i Germany, and to< America in 1850. Her mother was born in Ohid. where the_\- were married. Shortly after tlie_\' came to Illinois, locating in San- gamon county, where Mr. Steinhauer en- gaged in farming and later coming to- Logan count}'. He owns a fine farm of three hun- dred and ninety acres in Broadwell and West Lincoln townships and is considered one of the substantial and reliable men of the county. The mother of Mrs. Worth dietl September 4, i8yi. A prex'ious marriage of Mr. Steinhauer had been to Miss Mary Theobald, who lived but a short period, and then he married Phebe Ellen Brust. Mrs. Worth is one in a family of four- teen children, the surx'ivors being : Lizzie, a child of the first union, married Harvey Barker and resides in Menard county : John, also of the first union, married Anna Ful- sher and resides in \\'est Lincoln township ; ]\Iolh" married \\'illiam Aery and resides in ^\'est Lincoln township : Anna is the wife of Mr. Worth: Minnie is the wife of William Fulsher, who reside on the old homestead farm in \Vest Lincoln tcjwnship ; Maggie, Samuel, lantha and Abraham all live at home. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Worth numlier Imt two and the older one, ]\Inrry, l)orn on December 5, 1897, died in 538 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. infancy, while the other, Phnel)e B. C, born on March 19, 1899, is a bright, intelligent child, tlie light of the household. Mr. \\'(irtli i.s an adherent of the Rqjublican party, luit he is not a seeker for political preferment, being satisfied as an excellent and successful farmer and respected citizen. ALBERT S. CORTHON. .Vlbert S. Corthon, deceased, was for many years a highly respected citizen of Logan county, Illinois. MoA'ing there at an early day when the facilities (jf railroad trav- eling were unknown, he with his family and that of his father-in-law made the journey from Ohio by wagon. His parents, John P. and Elizabetli Corthnn, were inhabitants of Virginia at the time of his birth, October 14, 1827. Short- ly after they mo\-ed to Logan ciiunt\-, Ohio, where the father died when our subject was but f\ve years old. The home was not brok- en up until seven years after, when he and his mother went to live with an uncle, J. A\'. Carter, and William R. Hamilton was then appointed his guardian. When a boy of sixteen he learned the carpenter's trade and from then on he tuok a man's place in life. On Xovemljer 14, 1830, ^Ir. Corthon was united in marriage with Miss ]\Iary R. Willmurth, who is also deceased, her death ha\ing occurred July 2, 1901. She was a daughter of Joseph and Nancy Willmurth. Five years after his marriage, Mr. Corthon moved to Illinois, locating at Atlanta, Logan countv, where he followed his trade of a car- penter for three years. In 1858, he formed a partnership with Andrew Downey and engaged in stock raising for ten years. He JOHX WIGGIXTOX. Among the pruminent early settlers of Logan cnuntx' is Jnhn Wigginton, whose name is held in honor through the county, and who has been identified with much of its- subsec|uentlv formed a partnership with .-VIexander Downey, with whom he engaged in farming and stock raising for several ' }-ears. In 1873, he removed to the place which was known as his home at the time of his death. He placed the land under a high state of cultivation and by economy he was able to lea\-e his family a comfortable com- petence. He departed this life ]\Iay 2, 1901, and his death was a loss not only to his immediate family, but to the entire com- munity. Six children mourn the loss of their parents, five sons and one daughter. A life lr;ng- resident of Logan county, the news of his death was a shock to the en- tire community in which he had so long made his home. He made a success of his life and when he was called to the great bevond he left a name that will lono- be honored by not only those with whom he was acquainted, but liy future generations,. for it is such men that have made this great west what it is today — the greatest countrv on the face of the globe. Mr. Corthon was an acti\e member of the I. O. (_). F.. and from the organization of the Methodist church in Atlanta he was one of its most active members, serving as trustee and Stewart for man_\- }'ears. In poli- tics he supported the men and measures of the Democratic party, but could never be prevailed upon to accept oflice. preferring to gi\e his undi\-ided attentions to his own in- terests. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 539 progress and (le\"eli)])inent. A man of large landed interests, cnnnected with public af- fairs in many capacities, he most worthily represents a very highly esteemed ancestry. The birth of Mr. \^'igginton occurred August 2T„ 1827, and he is a son of Peter and Marguerite (Trumbo') W'igginton, the former of whom was born in Loudoun ci}unty, Virginia, and the latter in Kentucky, where they resided for ten }'ears after their marriage. The father engaged in farming in Pxiurbon county, where our subject was burn. In the year nf his birtli they remoA'ed to Illinois, and located at Siierman, Sanga- mon county, where the family remained im- til the death of the parents. Tweh-e chil- (b'en were Imrn to them, namely; \\'illiam, deceased, married Cordelia Hill, of Wiscon- sin, and the widow now resides in Lincoln, Illinois; Samuel died unmarried, in Galena, Illinois; Dortlia, wIk* married Stephen Clarno, died in Farmer City, Illinois; Mar- tha married \\'esle_\- Council, and they re- sided at ^\'illiamsville, Illinois, but both are now deceased : Andrew, deceased, married Samantha Boyd, and they reside in loAva : John, of this sketch, is the next of the fam- ily ; Mary married Stephen Beck, and they resided in Logan county, but b(jth are r;rnv deceased ; James, deceased, married ]\Irs. Catherine ^lead, who resides in Wis- consin; Elizabeth, married John IMartina, deceased, and the widow resides in Lincoln; Nellie married William Council, and li\'ed in Sangamon county, but Ijotb are now de- ceased; and Rachel died in infancy. Mr. ^^"igginton of this sketch, who is a man of sui)erb ph\'sical development, weighing some two hundred and sixty pounds, has outlived almost all of his familw although his life has been one of almost ceaseless activity, both bodily and mentally, his large lousiness inter- ests requiring a clear head and proper mental adjustment t(.) conduct to the successful finish which has attended his efforts. When our subject was a lad it was al- most as difficult in his locality tO' obtain educational advantages as it now is to evade them, and he was given the best schooling obtainable. His father needed his assist- ance on the farm and it was freely given until he was twenty jxars of age, when he took a trip' tO' Mississippi, in order to see something of the world. Upon his return he engaged in work in Sangamon county for the Chicago & .Mton Railroad, and later took a contract for the grading of this road four miles north of Williamsville, later tak- ing a contract for four miles of grading for the Illinois Central Railroad north of Pana. Ha\'ing successfully carried out these con- tracts he then undertook tO' build four miles of ro'ad north of Bushnell on the Chicago. Burlington & Ouincy Railroad, returning to Logan county after the comi)letion of this contract. Mr. W'igginton then rented the farm u])on wliicli he now resides and bought the same some five years later. He is one of the largest landowners in the county, pos- sessing sixteen hundred acres in ^^"est Lin- coln, Sheridan and Corwin townships, his residence being in West Lincoln, on section 6. Mr. Wigginton has had many wonder- ful and interesting experiences, criming to this county when game was still abundant and wild beasts still roamed in the forests. Perhaps some of his most interesting rem- iniscences are connected with the lamented President Lincoln, who was his warm per- sonal frieufl. His trading was done at Springfield, at a time wlien he says he could have loaded all the dry g(x)ds of the town on bis wagon, and he recalls that the onl_\- law suit he ever had was conducted in that city, when ]\Ir. Lincoln was the lawyer on the ■540 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. other side. Ixit whose eloquence did not c!"jange tiie right of the case, our subject coming ot¥ winner. At that time Lincohi, Illinois, the flourishing and beautiful city of to-uay, was not in existence. Postville being the trading point in that direction. !Mr. Wigginton is the owner of the original Lincoln pear tree, the seed of which was planted Ijy Mrs. Maria Fleming, who brought it from Urbana, Ohio. The fruit of this tree has l.ieen sent to other countries, its perfect adaptability to almost all climates making it a very valuable species. In 1855 Mr. Wigginton was united in marriage with .Vug'usta Tiptnn, a native of Tennessee, who died shortly afterward, leaving no children. For his second wife he married Dicy Ann Fleming, a nati\e of Champaign ctjunty, Ohio, by whom he had -two children : \\'esley, a farmer of Corwin township, who married Elizabeth Richards and has three daughters ; and Peter, who died in childhood. Mr. \\'igginton"s third tmion was with Catherine Lucas, who was born in Corwin township, September 1.2, 1842, a daughter of George and Elizabeth (Pence) Lucas, natives of Greene and ■Champaign counties, Ohio, respectively. Her parents were married, however, in Logan countw Illinois, where the\' located at an •early day. and they made their home in Cor- win tOAvnship until the death of the father, which occurred July k), 1895. The mother now makes her home with our suliject at the ■age of eighty years. By his last marriage Mr. ^^'igginton has four children : John, who married Mamie Hender and resides on a farm which, adjoins that of our subject; Cahin, who niarried Sadie Squires, and re- sides with our sul)ject, assisting in the man- agement of the farm : Belle, who married Owen Beaxer, and resides in \\'est Lincoln township; and Elizabetli, who married One Beaver, and resides in Sheridan township. Al r. W'igginton has been one of the prom- inent men of West Lincoln township, and lias served in turn as schcxil director, trustee, r(.)ad commissioner, in fact has served his township and count}- in almost ever_\- capac- it}', always with efficiency and with an eye single to its benefit. In ])olitics he is an ardent Republican, and in religious faith is a Methodist. He was made a Alason at Petersburg. Alenard county, fifty-four years ago, and took an active part in forming the lodge at W'illiamsville. but later dimittted to Lincoln Lodge. In early life he followed cari>entering to some e.xtent and assisted in building the old state house at Siiringfield. He is held in the highest esteem in this coun- ty where he is widel}^ kiiown and uni\er- sall\- respected. JACOB BOST. Jacob Bost, a jjrosperous farmer residing on section ig, Laenna townshi]), was born in Pickawav count}-, Ohio. Feijruar}- 15, 1843. His father, John G. Bost, was a na- ti\'e of Reading, Pennsvlvania. and was a vonng man -when he remo\-ed to I'ickaw-ay count}-, Ohio, where he married ]Miss Eliza- beth Kurtz, who was probably a native of that county. Both were of German lineage. Leaving his old home in the Bucke}e state, the father came to Illinois in 185 1, and first located in Edgar county, near Paris, where I'.e followed his chosen occcupation, that of farming, until 1861, when he remov- ed to Laenna township, Logan county, set- « ^ tling upon a farm about a mile east of the f present home of our sul>ject. There he died about 1868. His first wife, who was the THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 541 niutlier of our subject, had died in Oliio. and he subsequently married Sophia Fell, wlio died about 1866. Our subject was only eight years of age when the family migrated to Illinois, but he remembers the trip distinctly, and although he walked the greater part of the wa_\' he had an enjoyable time. In this state he grew to manhood, and when the Ci\il war broke out he enlisted in i80j in Com])any D, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Volun- teer Infantry, under Captain David Van Hise. He w as in camp at Lincoln a couple of UKiiiths and then the regiment was sent to Jackson, Tennessee. His experience in battle was on the river a little below Little Rock, and many times afterwards was under Ih-e, but ne\er in ])itched l)altle. He was in the hospital at Helena, -\rkansas, for about three weeks, and after a ser\-ice of three years was mustered out at SiM"ingfield, Illi- nois. His war record is one of which he luay well be proud. After the war 'Sir. Bost returned to his home and resumed work on the farm. With his savings he purchased forty acres of land, which "now" forms part of his home farm. As there was no house upon his land he pur- chased an old school house, which he fixed up as a residence, Init since then has built a comfortable house, barn and all necessarx' outbuildings and added to his acreage until his farm is a nmst excellent une of one hun- dred and thirt}- acres, upon which he has made all of the improvements, it being wild jjrairie land when it came into his posses- sion. He sold a ])ortion of his propertv ti) the Illinois Central Railroad Companv, which there established Narita station, formerly St. John's on the. Peoria. Decatur & Evansville Railmad. and it makes a con- venient .shipping point for him, being only fifty rods from his home. On the 24th of June, 1879, Mr. Bo.st married Miss Catharine Sims, a native of Laenna township, this count}", and a daught- er of David and Elizabeth Sims. Three children have been born of thi;; marriage, namely : Sarah Etta is now the wife of Edward Diggins and li\-es in Iowa: Ed- ward, who li\es near his father, married Etta Stinnet, of Laenna township, and thev have one child, David E. ; Oscar D., the \-oungest of the family, is at home. Air. Bost is a Republican in politics, but not an office seeker. He became a member of the Masonic fraternity at Mt. Pulaski and is a Chapter Mason and a member of the Commandery of Mt. Pulaski. He is also a member of Samuel \\'alker Post, G. A. R., Xo'. Sy. of Alt. Pulaski, and both he and his wife are n"iembers of the Eastern Star. Thev are very pleasant, hospitable people and en- joy the highest respect and esteem of all who know them. ♦-•-♦ CHARLES \V. LEE. AoKjng the progressive farmers and esti- mable citizens of Logan county, is Charles \\\ Lee. who \\as born in Alenard count)', Illinois, December 4, 1871, and is a son of Peter and Alary (Centers) Lee, the former a nati\-e of County \\'exford, Ireland, and the latter of Cass county, Illinois. The marriage of the parents of our suljject was celebrated at Petersburg, Illinois, in the Catholic church, Fel)ruary 4, 1871. The father lived in thai locality until in the spring of 1890, when he mo\-ed to Logan county, and located in Elkhart township, where he is one of the prominent citizens, a memlier of the Catholic church of Elkhart and a stanch Democrat in his political con- victions, but no politician. 542 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Charles \\". Lee, our subject, was tlie eldest in a faniil_\- oi ele\en cliildren. the others being as follows : John, who mar- ried Anna Sturgeon, and resides on a farm in Elkhart township; Mary, the wife of Thomas Brennan, who resides on a farm in Hurlbut township; Hugh, unmarried, who li\-es in \Msconsin ; Daniel, who conducts a livery business in Elkhart; Peter, unmar- ried, who is a ])artner with his brother, in the li\-ery business, in Elkhart ; James and Jennie, at home ; Edward, who died at the age of two antl one-half years ; ^^'alter and Lauretta, at home. Charles W. Lee attended school in the district in wliicli be was reared, in Menard county, remaining under instruction until he was si.xteen years of age, and from that time imtil he was twenty-one assisting his father on the home farm. He then rented land for himself and started out as an agriculturist, immediatel}- putting into practice the pro- gressive ideas which since then have mater- ially assisted in making his operations so successful. On October 4, 1900, at Elkhart. Illinois, by Rev. Thomas Kennedy, in St. Patrick's Catholic church, be was united in marriage to Miss Mary G. Brennan, who was born at Elkhart, July 3, 1877. and is a daughter of Thomas Brennan. more extended mention of the family being made on another page of this volume. After marriage our subject located on the farm which be has since occupied. For the past five years he has operated the fine tract of three hundred and twenty acres, on section 4, in Elkhart township, and is justly regarded as one of the most progressive and successful among the young farmers of this neighborhood. He adopts modern methods and machinery and breeds high-grade stock entirely. In politics 'Sir. Lee is a Democrat and he is one of the leading members of St. Pat- rick's Catholic church. Fraternally he is connected with the Modern \\'oodmen of America, and carries life insurance in tw'O excellent companies, the New York Mutual Life, and the New York Life Insurance Company. Mr. Lee has improved his farm since locating upon it and his comfortable residence, good barns and attractive sur- roundings give an idea of thrift which speaks \olumes in favor of his excellent methods as a farmer. He is highly respect- ed in the community, and in e\ery way is an excellent citizen. WILLLVM H. KIRBY, M. D. William H. Kirby, M. D., one of the most prominent and successful members of the medical profession in Chestnut, was born in Farmer City, DeWitt county, Illinois, November 22, 185 1. His parents, Jacob and Elizal)eth (Page) Kirby, were natives of New Jerse}-, and were married in Farmer City. Illinois, in 1850. whither the elder Kirby bad removed with his parents when a young man, and where bis death occurred in 1857. The mother also came to Illinois with her parents. Mr. and Mrs. Phineas Page, in 1840. and is one in a family of eight children, who were born in New Jer- sey. Ohio, and Illinois. Jacob Kirby had nine brothers and sisters, wno are now scat- tered over different parts of the United States. Dr. Kirbv received his education in the public schools of DeW'itt county, and his medical training was acquired in the medical department of the Northwestern LTniversity, where be spent three years, and graduated THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 543 with honors in the class of 1877. For the following eleven years he practiced medicine in DeW'itt Cdunty, and gained an enviahle reputation as a physician and surgeon, his services being in demand from one end of the county to the other. While living here lie married Sarah P. Howard, and of this union there have been born three children, of whom two survive, Alfred D. and iSIay K. The children have been educated in the public schcx)ls, and the son is now in the high-school of Mount Pulaski, an unusually bright and intelligent youth, who, for the past three years has had a standing in school of ninety-five. Airs. Kirby is a daughter of Benjamin Hnent oi medical science, and one who keei)S in tduch witli its progress all over the w(jrld, but he is also a man of broad and lil)eral general ideas, and practicallv ap- plies them to the good of the community. He has witnessed many changes during his long residence here, and he has himself con- tributed in no small degree to the prosperity of the past and present. As a politician he upholds the traditions and issues of the Re- publican party, and has been a delegate to numerous county and state conventions. Fraternally he is associated with the Ma- sons, at Mount Pulaski, being a Knight Templar, and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of which latter organization he has been a member for the past twenty-five years. His family and himself have for many years been members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he is trustee. In connection with his practice. Dr. Kir- by has also been engaged in the drug busi- ness at Chestnut for the past fifteen years, and carries a fine line of drugs, as well as the usual sundries found in a first-class drug store. He has taken an active interest in educational afl:'airs and has acted as school trustee and treasurer for several terms. The Doctor was appointed postmaster under President McKinley's first administration and has filled the ofifice nearly four years quite acceptably to the people and with credit to himself. The Doctor is a member of the Brainard District Medical Society, of which he is the present president, and is also a member of the State Medical Society and the National Medical Association. ANDREW J. BRAAIMAN, One of the most highly esteemed citi- zens of Broadwell is Andrew J. Bramman, who has been identified with the business interests of this locality ever since the open- ing of his career. The birth of Mr. Bram- man occurred in Mt. Pulaski township, September 5, 1866, and he is the son of two most highly respected old citizens, Patrick and Louisa A. ( Cartmel ) Bramman. Patrick Bramman was burn in County Longford. Ireland, near the city of Dublin, in 1842, and was seven years of age when he accompanied his parents to Sangamon county, and later to Logan county. His a\'o- cation has Ijeen farming, but he is now liv- ing retired, in Broadwell, where he owns \-aluable property. The mother of our sub- ject was born in Logan county, January 28, 1844, and here she was educated, and met and married Mr. Bramman. Both ])ar- ents are in the enjoyment of physicial and mental health, and are surrounded by many of their children, in homes of their own. Twelve children were born to them, one of these dying in infancy. Terry M., whose 544 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. deatli occurred in Broadwell, in 1894, was the second of tlie family, to pass aAvay. He was \vell and widely known, far beyond the limits of this locality. He was in many lines a genius, and was a gifted musician. He was the inventor of the original model of what is now known as the Janney coupler, M. C. B. and Goul pocket liand couplers, now in use on almost all railroads in the United States, although he nc\er real- ized any material benefits from it. In 189J a tramp machinist was kindly received at the Bramman JKime, and Terry, with the kindness which ever influenced him, believed his story of bad luck, gave him food and shelter, and unwisel_\- exhiliited to him his invention. The glib tongue of the tramp in- duced him to part with the model, and this was exhibited at the World's Fair, in Chi- cago, under the name (if the Janney coupler, the tramp claiming it as his own. Other valuable in\-entions from which he never realized anything were : a folding \\indmill : a patent flnat to regulate the height of water in a tank ; and a hog tmugh. His trade was that of a barber, and he was also a painter, a musical performer and a critic of no mean order. He left one daughter, Essie V. The other members of the Bramman family are: William, who lives in Broad- well : Andrew J., our subject ; Minnie L., who resides at home: Edwin P., whO' lives in Broadwell; Rnsa. who is the wife of Frank Buckles, and lives near Mt. Pulaski; Patrick T., who is a Ijarber by trade, and lives at home; James L., who is a graduate in the violin, under Prof. H. O. Merry, and resides at home: and Mamie B., Charles and Kitty, all at h(imc. Andrew J. Bramman received his educa- tion in the common schools and later took a lousiness course in stenography, by mail, from the Potter Business College, of W^il- liamsport, Pennsylvania. He was an am- bitious student and in his youth he cheer- fully walked the necessary two and one-half miles to and from school. For the past six- teen years he has been engaged in clerical work, in the grain business, coming into the present ofiice when it was managed by Ran- dolph, Read & Company, and has remained under the present management of Spellman iv Spitly. He has been active in political work and since 1896 has been town treas- urer and is township clerk of Broadwell. "His residence has always been under the parental roof, the family being a happy and united one. FraternalK' jMr. Bramman belongs to Kenwood Lodge. K. P.. No. 405, of Elk- hart, Illinois: and is an associate member of M. W. A. Camp Xo. 57*0, Broadwell. He has lieen one of tlie most satisfactory of- ficials of the town, and in his private busi- ness enjovs the confidence and esteem of all with whom he comes in contact. 'li^OMAS F. HOLMES. One of the leading citizens of Lincoln, Illinois, who is prominently identified with the cit\'s most impnrtant industri:il enter- prises, is Thomas F. Holmes, the efficient superintendent of the Citizens' Coal Com- pany. The l)irth of Mr. Holmes occurred in Brooklyn, Xew York. February 16, 1861, and he was a son of Thomas and Ellen ( Reardon ) Holmes, both of whom were born in Ireland. The former came to .\mer- ica when he was a young man of twenty- two years and during his life, prior to lo- cating in Illinois, was connected with street car lines, but later liecame a farmer ami the owner of property in Linc<;)ln. Illiudis, where T. F. HOLMES. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 547 Iiis death nccurred ini July g, ]()or. The motlier of nur su1)ject was l)orn in 1841 and (lied in Lincohi, Illinois, in 1S7S. having Ijeen a most devoted mother, excellent wife and consistent Christian. From their earli- est years hoth parents had heen connected with the Catholic chnrch. They had a fam- ily of seven children and five members still survive, these being: Thomas F., who is the sul>ject of this review; W^illiam H.. who is a bookkeeper in Lincoln; Ellen, who is the wife of J. Maloney, of Lincoln; John R., wdio is a resident of Chicago; and Stephen, who has his residence in Lincoln. Until he was thirteen years of age Thom- as F. Holmes attended the common schools and he later supplemented the education thus acquired b}- a period at night school. He re- mained on his father's farm until 1880, com- ing then to Lincoln, where he soon became connected with coal interests. Energetic and capable, he filled various positions in the dif- ferent departments connected with the De- catur Coal Company, in Macon countv. Illi- nois, where he remained for some time, re- turning to Lincoln to become superintentl- ent of the Citizens' Coal Company, in i88(;. Mr. Holmes has charge of one hundred and twenty-five men and possesses that excellent judgment and executive ability which en- ables him to deal justly by them, while still furthering his employers' interests. In 1885, in Lincoln, Illinois, Mr. Holmes was married to Miss Jennie F. McCann. who was born in Pennsylvania. l)ut received her education in Lincoln. To this marriage six children have been born, namely: Robert E., Edgar F., Walter R., Agnes, Ellen and Mildred, all of whom are attending school in Lincoln. Mr. Holmes has long been an active Re- publican and has been ever ready to bear his part in public affairs for the benefit of 29 his comniunit}', but he has never sought of- fice. Social!}- he is connected with the order of Knights of Pythias, of which he is past chancellor, and also that of Improved Order of Red ]\Ien. and has held c*Tficial positions in both organizations. Mr. Holmes is a self-educated and self- made man, who has successfully made his wa}- to the front rank in business life by the application of energy, honesty and in- tlustry to all his efforts. The world has need of such men and a close examination into the ranks of those who have become prominent in any line w^ill almost always result in the discovery of just those elements which have contributed to the advancement of Thoma.s F. Holmes. PETER LEE. A prominent and successful farmer of Logan county is Peter Lee, who was born in County ^\'exfoTd, Ireland, April 25, 1847,. and is a son of Hugh and Margaret (Col- lins) Lee, natives of the same countv, where the father died some nineteen vears ago, the mother sur\'iving but two years. Both were devoted members of the Catholic church. .Six children were born to them as follows : J(jhn. who married Eliza Cavanaugh, since deceased, and lives near La Junta, Colorado; Patrick, who married Mary O'Hara, and lives in Logan county, west of Elkhart r Peter, the subject of this sketch ; James, who married Johanna Cody, and resides in Coun- t>- Carlow, Ireland ; and two babes who died in infanc}'. Peter Lee, of this biography, attended school in Ireland until he was fifteen vears of age and then for three years wcw-ked for his father on the farm. In 1865 he decided to find a new home for himself in America 548 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. and with this end in view took passage from Queenstown, Ireland, on tlie good ship St. Bernard, and after eigln days hmded in Castle Carden, New York. He went imme- diately to Springfield. Illinois, and soon found plenty of employment on the farms in that locality, and remained there for four years and seven months, later renting a farm for himself in Menard county. ^Ir. Lee was married February 4, 1871, at Petersburg. Illinois, Ijy Rev. Father Cluce, at St. Peter's church, to Miss JXIary Centers, who was born in Cass county, April 5, 1852. She was a daughter of Levi Cen- ters, wlio was a native of Ohio, her mother being Frances (May) Centers, a native of Kentucky. They were married in !Mason county, where the father was a farm- er and where the mother still lives, the father having died in January. 1898. The children born to 'Sir. and Mrs. Centers were as follows: Mary, the wife of our subject ; Jane, who married Thomas Gleason, and resides in [Nliddletown, Illi- nois ; James, who married and removed to Kansas City. Missouri: Daniel, who is mar- ried and lives in Peoria, Illinois : Josephine, who married Edward Oars and resides in Mason City, Illinois. The children born to ^Ir. and 'Sirs. Lee were: Charles, who married ]\Iary G. Brennan ; John, who married Anna Stur- geon and resides on a farm near Elkhart": [Nlary. who married Thomas Brennan. auvl resides on a farm in Hurlbut township : Hugh, unmarried, who resides in Wiscon- sin : Daniel, who is in the livery business in Elkhart : Peter, unmarried, who is a partner ^\•ith his brother in' the livery business, in Elkhart : James, single, at home : Jennie, also at home; Edward, who died at the age of two and one-half years : and Walter and Lauretta, at home. Shorth' after his marriage, "Sir. Lee set- tled in Menard county, where he lived in different places until he decided to move to Logan county, where many friends and acquaintances were already lo- cated. On February 24. 1890, lie located on a tine farm of three hundred and sixty acres of valuable land, on section 5, Elk- hart township, Logan county, and since that time he has been actively engaged in agri- cultural pursuits. He is recognized as one of the leading farmers of his locality, and he has also been successful in the raising of line stock. ]\Ian\- political otfices have been offered to 'Sir. Lee and he has been urged to be- come a candidate on many occasions, but he has invariably refused, although he has been acti\e in the ranks of the Democratic party, supporting its men and measures. He came to America with limited means, but 1j\- the exercise of econoni}'. honest}' and energ\-, he has attained a most honorable position in the county, and has reared a family which in every way does him credit. Both he and family belong to St. Patrick's Catholic church. JACOB STARR. Jacoli Starr, now deceased, was one of the ])rosperous farmers of Mount Pulaski township, who came from Germany to th.e new world to try his fortune and found here tlie op]>ortunity he sought. His unremit- ting- labor and capable management enabled him to o\ercome obstacles and to achieve a fair measm^e of prosperity. ;\[r. Starr was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, April 9, 1815, and died ]\Iarch 3, 1884, when about sixty-nine years of age. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 549 His chiUllKind and }-outl; were spent in the fatherland and his edueation there gained. It was in 1844 that he crossed the Atlantic In the new wmid, landing in Baltimore, Alatyland, whence he made his way to V^;iii- dalia, Illinois, coming thence to Logan coun- ty in 1846. He enlisted at jNIonnt Pulaski and ser\-ed throvigh the Mexican war. Re- turning to ^Nlount Pulaski he took up one hundred and sixty acres on a soldier's calim. He had but little capital and went in debt for the farm im[)lements which he purchased, but labor brings its reward and his efforts at length enabled him to discharge his financial obligation ujion tlie place and also to ex- tend its boundaries In- additional purchase until he was the owner of twO' hundred acres, constituting a very valuable tract. He raised large corn crops and these he fed to liis hogs and cattle upon which he realized a good profit when placed upon the market. As his financial resources increased he in- vested his money judiciously and made ex- cellent impr(i\'ements upon his farm, erect- ing a good residence and substantial barns, sheds and all the necessaiy outbuildings. His farm became one of the best improved in the neighborhood. In all his business transactions he was honest and thus won the ci>nfidence and respect of those with whom he was associated. After his return from the Mexican war. ]Mr. Starr married Miss Carolina Erlenbosh, who was burn in \\'urteml)erg, Germanv, and died in 1853, leaving two children : Henry, now a farmer of Kansas; and Mrs. Katherine \\'agner, a widow living in Ne- braska. Mr. Starr was again married Jan- uary 18, 1855, his second union ])eing with ]\Iiss Katherina \\'einrich, who was born in Bavaria, Germany, October 4, 183 1. In 1854 she came to the United States, landing in Daltimcire. A\hence she came direct to Logan county, Illinois. After his marriage jMr. Starr began farming in Mount Pulaski township. After some years he sold his first place of eighty acres and bought one hundred and twent}' acres in the same town- ship. A few months previous to his death Mr. Starr bought a farm of two hundred and ten acres in Broadwell townshipy but this was not paid for at the time of his death. IMrs. Starr, a lady of most excellent busi- ness abilit}- and executive force took up the task of not only caring" for and educating their children, but also of clearing the new farm of the mortgage and as the result of her capable management and her well di- rected labors the farm has Ijeen made to pay for itself and is now free from all incum- brance. Nine children were born unto Mr. and ]\Irs. Starr, fi\-e daughters and four sons, name!}' : George S., a farmer; John, a farmer of Mount Pulaski ; Frederick, in saloon business in Mount Pulaski ; Solomon, also* a farmer; Marv, the wife oi Henry Meister, a farmer; Christena and Ann, at home ; J\Iargaret, the wife of Samuel Gro^- ber, of Mount Pulaski ; and Lena, the wife of John Spitly, a lirick mason of Mount Pulaski. ?ilrs. Starr is an acceptable and con- sistent member of the Second Lutheran cliurch. After paying for the farm she re- mo\ed to the village of Mount Pulaski, where she owns and occupies, with her son George, a good substantial frame residence. In the summer of 1901 Mrs. Starr, with her son John, purchased a fine farm in Moimt Pulaski township for w hich they paid seven- teen thtmsand dollars. Mrs. Starr super- intends all the business interests of the es- tate and not until after her death will the pr(>]ierty be divided, wlien it will go in equal shares tn the children. She speaks botii 55° THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. German and English and can transact busi- ness affairs in eitlier language. She is an excellent financier, sagacious and farsighted, and her judgmient is rarely at fault. She has accomplished much since her husband's death and befcire that time they worked to- gether, she being his ad\-isor and ci>unselor in all things. Like him she enjoys the high regard of many friends, the name of Starr being a respected and honored one in Logan county frum the time Jacob Starr took up his al)ode here in 1846. CHARLES B. TAYLOR, M. D. The skill of Dr. Charles B. Taylor as a medical practitioner is l^}' no means confined to Elkhart, but is recognized and appreci- ated throughout the whole of Logan count}'. He was born in .\dair ci unity. Kentuck}'. October 13, 1858, his parents. Dr. J. G. and Sally ( Elliott ) Taylor, being natives of the same state and county. Dr. J. G. Taylor had a professional experience coxxring more than fifty years, carried on principally in his native state. However, in 1872 he changed his field of effort to Elkhart, Illinois, and after practicing with much success for eleven years, returned to Kentucky, where his death (jccurred in August. 1889. His first wife having died in 1861, he was married in 1863 to Carrie nright, a native of Ohio. .\ Republican in politics, he was fraternally associated with the Masons, and was a mem- ber of the Methodist Ejiiscopal church. He was a thorough student of medicine, and received a large patronage wherever his lot was cast, and his many admirable traits of character Ijound to him the aft'ection and friendship of all who knew hini well. He was' the father of five sons, viz; Dr. George O., who married Augusta Harpole and resides in Chicago, Illinois; J. C, who is a druggist and merchant at Elkhart ; Z. T., who married Dora Brady and is a member of the firm of Z. T. Taylor & Com- pany, and has seven children, one of whom, is Dr. George G. Taxlor, of Hartsburg, Illi- nois; C. G., who married Sally Allen, has three children, and is a farmer and stock raiser li\-ing one-half t^f a mile east of Elk- hart ; and Charles B. The education of Dr. Taylor was ac- quired in a subscription school conducted by the Presbyterian church at Columbia, Kentuck\-, and at the iniblic schools in Elk- hart. .\t the age of nineteen he entered Rush Medical College, at Chicago, and later graduated from the medical department of the Unix'ersitv of Louis\-ille, in 1881. At the time he was regarded as one of the most promising pupils of the class. After grad- uation he came (hrect to Elkhart, and n<3w has one of the largest and most lucrative practices of any . of the physicians in the county. He is a member of the Chicago Medical Society and the Capital City Medi- cal Society. Fraternall}- he is associated with the Royal Court of Honor, of Elkhart, the Kenwood Lodge, No. 545, Knights of F'ythias, the Modern Woodmen of America,, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the Royal Arch Masons. In politics he is a Republican. On December 30, 1884. in Hurlbut township. Dr. Taylor married Katie Hun- ter, who was born in Kentucky in August, 1862, a daughter of James .\. and Harriet (Peters) Hunter, natives of Kentucky. The parents came to Illinois about 1855 and settled in Hurlbut township, but the father died in Kentucky in 1S95. The mother, who died about 1879 in W'illiamsville, San- ganion county, Illinois, was the mother of THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 551 five children: ]Mary, wlm was before her death the wife of Jolm M. Poorman, of ^^'illiamsvi^e : EHzabeth, who is the wife of James P. McConnell, of Versailles, Ken- tucky, and has one child; Katie, who is now I\Irs. C. B. Taylor: W. A., who is married. lias two children, and lives in Leadville, Colorado; Belle, who is the wife of James V. McConnell, has four children, and lives ■on a farm in Kentucky; and Harriet P., who lives in Kentucky. To' Dr. and Mrs. Taylor has been born one daughter, Georgia Belle, whose natal day was August 14, 1891. Dr. Tavlor has been prominent in the affairs -of his village and tnwnship. has dune active work on the board of health and was elected supervisor of Elkhart township in 1893, and, while it was a Democratic board, served on the leading committees. WILLIAM! W. \MGGIXTON. A i)rominent farmer and stock raiser of Logan county, Illinois, is William W. Wig- ginton. who resides on a large farm in Cor- Avin townshi]). where he has gained a repu- tation for his high-grade cattle. He was born in this ciiunty, June i, 1859, and is a son of John \Mgginton, of whom a sketch is given in another part of this volume. During his boyhood he attended school in Fairland district, later in Alill Grove dis- trict and still later at the Rabbit Flat school, remaining at school until he was twenty-one years of age, during the winters, but work- ing on the farm in the summers. He as- sisted his father for still another year, but January 25, 1883, he was married in Cor- Avin township to iMiss Elizabeth Richards, who was born October 8, 1862, in this town- ship. She was a daughter of A. Y. Rich- ards, a native of Ohio, and his wife. Mary J. Hcfifman. an native of \^irginia. In 1860 Mr. and INlrs. Richards were married, in Illinuis, and he engaged in farm- ing here until his death, August 18, 1898, being buried in Lucas cemetery. The mother of Mrs. Wigginton still resides on the old homestead farm. In politics Mr. Richards was a Republican, and a leading member of the Methodist church. In their family were four daughters and three sons, namely: Clarissa, who married O. P. Smith, of Corwin township, and died July 31. 190 1 ; Elizabeth, the wife of our sub- ject; Louise, single, residing with her mother ; John, who' married Lizzie Stultz and resides in Corwin township: A\'illiam, who married Zella Beaver and resides in Corwin townshij); Delia, who resides with her mother ; and Albert, who married Lilly Ogilby and resides in Corwin township. The children born tO' Mr. and Mrs. Wig- ginton numbered three, and are as follows : Floy, born August 8, 1884: Ruth, born Oc- tober 9. 1888: and Gladys, born December 14, 1895. After marriage our subject and wife settled d(.iwn on the farm on section i, Corwin township, which he still occupies, where he farms some two- hundred acres and raises some of the finest stock shipped from this neighborhood. ]\Ir. Wigginton is a progressi\-e. ui)-to^date farmer, thoroughly understanding- agricultural matters, using modern machinerv and keeping posted on all matters pertaining to stock. In politics he follows the example of his father, and votes and works with the Re- pulilican partv. while he and his familv are members of the Methodist church, to which he is a literal contributor. Mr. \\'igginton is held in high esteem in Logan county, oi wliicli he is a most estimable and \-aIuetI citizen. 552 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. HENRY BECKERS. Henry Beckers, one of tlie leading farm- ers of Logan county, was born in the Rhine Province of Germany, January 2, 1844, and is a son of John and Marguerite (Freesen) Beckers. In 1853 tliey emigrated to this country, landing in New York, after a stormv voyage of forty-four days. They at once came west and located in Cass coun- ty, this state, taking up their residence in Beardstown, where the father went to work at whatever he could find to do. He pros- pered in liis undertakings, later buying a small farm near Beardstown, on which he lived until two years before his death, which occurred on his farm in Mt. Pulaski town- ship, Logan county, May 4, 1870. Henry Beckers remained at home with his parents and recei\ed a good common school education, which was mostly in Ger- man. He engaged in whatexer he could find to do and remained with his people until a man grown. At the age of twent)"-one years he decided to strike out in the world for himself. Having saved a portion of his wages, he went to Da\is county, Iowa, and purchased one hundred anil twenty acres. After residing there one }ear he was mar- ried, September 22, 1875, to Miss ]\Iaria Oppers, of Jacksonville, Illinois, and con- tinued his residence in Iowa until 1880, when he sold his propert)- there and re- turned to Mt. Pulaski, Illinois. Here he purchased the interests of the other heirs in his father's farm, consisting of eighty acres, and upon the place he built a good house and bam and made many other improvements. He has added to this property until he now owns one hundred and si.xty acres of land on section 9, Mt. Pulaski tuwuship, all of which is well impro\ed. The marriage of 'Mr. and Mrs. Beckers has resulted in the birth of three children, all of whom are living. In order of birth ; their reci.rd is as follows: ]\Iaguerite, wh(3 | is the wife of John Ophardt; John, who has taken up the study of law and is now a stu- dent of one of the leading law schools of Chicago^; and William, who is at home. In politics our subject is a stanch sup- porter of the principles of the Democratic part)', but has ne\er been an aspirant fur pulilic fa\'ors, preferring to devote his entire time to his business interests. In religion he was reared in the German Reformed church, l)ut is now a memlier of the Evan- gelical Association church. Mr. Becker deserves a great deal of credit for the success that he has attained, as he started out in life with nnthing but a firm determination to succeed, having never had the help of friends or inheritance. What he has made has, therefore, been ac- quired 1j\- his invn honestv and industry. JOHN C. THOMAS. Among the progressive farmers and stock raisers of Hurlljut township, Logan county, Illinois, who ha\-e been largely in- strumental in the development of this sec- lion of the country, is John C. Thomas, who was born in German)-, January 2~, 1 856, and is a son of Christopher and Anna (Jonas) Thomas, both of whom were na- ti\es of Germany. The parents were mar- ried in Germany, and there the father en- gaged in farming until his death, which oc- curred in i88g, and his wife died in 1873. Thev ne\cr left their native land. John C. Thomas was one of a family of seven children, namely : Frederick, whO' married Miss Bumgort and resides in Ger- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 55 J many: Susannah, who married Frederick Jilgar and resides in Germany; Anna, who is marrietl and resides in Germany ; Anne- stena, wlio married Max Schirschin in Ger- many l>ut came to America in 1895 and now resides in Elld always in- clined him. In 1879 he went to Kansas, selling his farms in Oran and Aetna town- ships, consisting of two hundred and eighty •acres of land, upon which he had passed fourteen years, but the following year he ■secured a position near Lincoln, Illinois, where he ran a stationary engine until 1892. Then he accepted the position of engineer and foreman of the Lincoln Excelsior Fac- tory, efficiently performing the duties there for five years. In 1897 he was selected by the late Governor Tanner as chief engineer for the Asvlum for Feel)le-]\Iinded Chil- <]ren, at Lincoln, and on June 3. 1901, he was re-appointed by Governor Yates. This is considered the most resiwnsible position, with one exception, in the institution. ]\Ir. (iibson has Ijeen so careful and at- tentive to his duties that during his man- agement no serious accident has ever oc- curred, and he keeps in his employ two experienced assistants and a steamfitter. ]\Ir. Gibson was married in Octi)ber, 1863, in Logan county, to Miss Mary Fraz- ier Ferguson, who was born in Gibson coun- tv, Indiana, in August, 1845, and is a ■daughter of John and Emih- O. (Knowles) Ferguson, the former of whom died in the same year Mrs. Gibson was born. The sec- ond marriage of ]\Irs. Ferguson was to Thomas Perry, the child of the first mar- riage being Airs. Gibson, while two daugh- ters and four sons were born to the second union. Elizabeth married Samuel Holmes, who li\es at Beason, on a farm, and there the mother died in 1899, '^^ the age of eighty- one years. The rest of the family have homes in Indiana and Oklahoma. The education of INIrs. Gibson was pur- sued in the common schools of Indiana and Illinois, coming to the latter state in i860. She has long been connected with the Meth- odist church, to which Mr. Gibson gives a liberal support. The family born to Mr. and Airs. Gibson numbered eight children, three of whom died in infancy, the survivors be- ing as follows: Clarence R., who lives in Lincoln, engaged in farming, married Eliza- beth \\'illmert, wh(] died in 1900; Florence E., who married Herbert Rockwell, lives in Lincoln, with one daughter, — Ruth; Lv- man E. is a steamfitter in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and is single ; and Amy and Alma reside at home. All these children have creditabl}- passed through the common schools at Lincoln and are useful members of society. In his political life Mr. Gibson has al- ways upheld the principles of the Republi- can party and has taken an active interest in public affairs. He has served a number of times as school director, township clerk and township collector, and in 1890 he was ap- pointed census enumerator of Sheridan township. His first \ote was cast for J. AI. Scott, for judge of the supreme court, and in national affairs he voted for President Linci:)ln, in 1864. Socially our subject meets old comrades in the Leo A\'. Myers Post, No. 182, G. A. R. ; is a member of the Union Veterans 558 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Union, and is also connected with tlie camp of ]\I. \y. A., No. 109. and lias passed all of the chairs. ^Ir. Gibson has shown him- self to be a man of sterling business quali- ties, has filled public offices with efficiency and has won the confidence of the puljlic in such a way that it feels satisfied that one of the greatest charities of the commonwealth will never be neglected in his special line Avhile he holds his present [josition. HON. JAMES C. TAYLOR. The substantial career of James C. Tay- lor, president of the Bank of Elkhart, has lent solidity and strength to the political and commercial growth of Elkhart, and has placed him among the popular and influen- tial citizens of the town. A southerner by birth and training, he was born in Adair county, Kentucky, May 26. 1850, and is a son of Dr. James G. and Sally (Elliott) Tavlor, wln) were also natives of that coun- ty. For over half a century his father was successfullv engaged in the practice of medi- cine, most of that time being spent in Ken- tucky, but in 1872 he came to Illinois, and followed his profession in Elkhart for eleven years. He then returned to Kentucky, where he died in August, 1S89. He was a thorough student of medicine, and enjoyed a large and lucrative practice in the com- munities where he resided. Politically he was a Republican, and sociallv was a mem- ber of the Masonic order. He was also a consistent member of the Methodist Episco- pal church, and was held in the highest re- gard by all who knew him. His first wife died in 1861, and two )-ears later he wed- ded Carrie Bright, a native of Ohio. In his familv were i\ve sons, namely: Dr. George O., who married Augusta Harpole i and resides in Qiicago ; James C, our sub- j ject: Z. T., who married Dora Brady and is a member of the firm of Z. T. Taylor & Company, of Elkhart; C. G., who married Sally Allen and is a farmer and stock raiser living a half mile east of Elkhart: and Charles B., a physician of Elkhart, whose sketch appears on another page of this vol- ume. ^Ir. Taylor, of this review, was reared in Kentucky, and his preliminary education was acquired in the early subscription schools, held in a little log school-house. Between the ages of fourteen and sixteen he also atteniled the high school of Columbia, Kentucky, and later worked on a farm fur a couple of years. In the fall of 1872 he came to^ Elkhart. Illinois, and entered the employ of his brother, George O. Taylor, then a druggist of that place. Two years- later he became a member of the firm, which then assumed the name of Taylor Brothers. Subsequently, when Z. T. was admitted to a i>artnershiij in the business, the firm name was changed to Z. T. Taylor & Company, as it now stands. The firm is now engaged in g-eneral merchandising, carrying a large and well-selected stock, and in another store- room deals in drugs and druggists" sundries. Besides his interest in this business our sub- ject also owns some valuable farm land in Elkhart and Hurlbut townships. ]Mr. Ta}lor is a Republican in national politics, and his influence is ever exerted for the best interests of his party. As a poli- tician he is held in Iiigh esteem, and his in- tegrit\- is ne\er questioned. He has been a member of the Republican central commit- tee, school treasurer, president of the \illage board and supervisor of his township. Al- though the count}- board was Democratic at that time, he was appointed on several im- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 559 portant committees. In 1900 his ability to deal with the questions and issues of the day recei\-ed recognition from his fellow citizens, who elected him to the state legislature from the thirty-second district, and while a mem- ber of that august body he served on the fol- lowing committees: Finance, public chari- ties, penal and reformatory institutions, parks and boulevards, retrenchment, county and township organization, soldiers' home, sanitar\- aiTairs and senat(.irial apimrtion- ment. He took an acti\-e part in the sena- torial redistricting or re-apportionment, using his influence especially to have Logan county assigned to a Republican district, as it had previously lieen a Democratic dis- trict for ten years, and his efforts met with success. His ^•ario'US official duties have been discharged with a promptness and fidelity worthy of the highest commenda- tion. Air. Taylor is emphatically a man of enterprise, positive character, indomitable energy and liberal \iews. and is thoroughly identified in feeling with the growth and prosperity of his county and state. He at- tends and supports the Methodist Episco- pal church, and is a member of the Court of Honor and Elkhart Lo2. in Company B, One Hundred and Si.xth Illinois Volunteer In- fantr}-. After about three months which was spent in camp at Lincoln, this county, his regiment was ordered south to Jackson, Tennessee. While en route down the Mis- sissippi river they were fired on by the rebels and one of their number killed. Several times the regiment was under liea\ v firing, but was never engaged in a pitched battle. Mr. Horn was in the service of his country for three years, and during this time was never an inmate of a hospital, but contracted diarrhea, ivcm which he has ne\-er fullv re- 560 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. co\-ere(l. He was mustered out of tlie serv- ice in August, 1865. and honoralily dis- charged at Pine Bluff, Arkansas. After his return from the war lie was united in marriage with Miss Catherine Maus, a daughter of Conrad Maus, the cere- mony taking place in February, 1866. She was a nati\-e of Germany, and came to this country with her parents when a child and was reared to womanhood in Logan county. Nine children 'blessed this union : ]\Iary. wlm was born August 25, 1867, and is now the wife of Paulus Pfau ; John, born June ij. 1 871: Lizzie, born August 27, 1873; Em- ma, w1k> was born December 15, 1875, and married George Romer : Tillie, who was burn March i, 1878, and is the wife of John Englantl ; Frederic, born January 31, 1880: Frank, born .\pril 13, 1884; William, born May II, 1886; and Lo-uis, born August 25, 1888. The succeeding three years after his marriage Mr. Horn engaged in farming on his father's farm, and the next three years were spent on a farm belonging to his father- in-law. .\t the end of that time he pur- • chased one hundred and twenty acres of land, which is his present home. To this he has added until he now has a well-im- proved and highly cultivated farm of two hundred acres, which is located on sections 18 and 19, Laenna township. He has made all the improvements, including the erection of the buildings, etc. The farm is all well tiled, and is one of the best in the townshi]:) where he has so long made his home. Since attaining his majority ^Ir. Horn has been a strong believer in the Democracy and has taken an active part in the pul)lic affairs of his township and county. .\t the present time he is serving as highway com- missioner, which position he held continu- -vuslv for nine vears. He was then out two years and then re-elected, and has continued in the office ever since, his last election being the sixth time he has been elected to that office, or fnr a period of eighteen vears. During this time there have been great im- provements made and twelve new iron bridges have been erected in his township, to which he has given his personal attention. Air. Horn has made a success of life, and this success is due entirel}' to his own efforts. He is in every respect a self-made man. He and his wife stand high in the esteem of their neighbors, are peojile of importance iu their communitv, and no re\'iew of the lives of the prominent men of the county would be complete without mention O'f Paulus Horn. He and his family are members of the First Lutheran church of Alt. Pulaski. THOMAS FENTON. Although liy no means a resident of long standing in Xew Holland, Air. Fenton has made man^- warm friends in the city of his adoption, and occupies a prominent place among the successful and conservative busi- ness men of the place. \Miile conducting a large harness, saddlery, buggy and car- riage enterprise, he has gained not only a large patronage but also the confidence of the community in general, who are glad to profit by his up-to-date and irrejiroachable commercial methods. A part of the present business was piu'chased by Mr. Fenton in 1895 from Mr. Lenville for a little over one thousand dollars, and he has since made manv additions to his stock, and is able to sujiplv all reasonable flemands in his line. .\ nati\'e of Shelbyville, Illinois, Mr. Fenton was born May 4, 1865, and received his early training and education in the vicin- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 561 ity i)f his birthplace. His father, Patrick P'enton, was born in Ireland, and emigrated to the L'nited States in 1861, settling in Shelbv\-ille, Illinois, where he followed his trade of building and contracting", conduct- ing his business on a large scale. The mother died April 28, 1900. As a means of future livelihood Thomas Teuton turned his youthful attention to a master}- of the trade of jeweler, and became an expert in his line. Of an active tempera- ment, the confinement incident to the manip- ulation (if his trade soon began to tell on liim, and he was forced to^ abandon his aspirations in that line. In 1885 he began to learn the trade of harness maker, and has since applied his knowledge of the same with credit to himself and with most sub- stantial pecuniary results. The marriage of Mr. Fenton and Emma \\'hite, daughter of Jonas White, one of New Holland's representative citizens, was solemnized Feljruary 11, 1897. Airs. Fen- ton is a member of the ^^lethodist Episcopal church, and contributes generously towards the maintenance of the same. ]\Ir. Fenton is a Democrat in politics, but he is not ac- tive in political matters. He is a man of pleasing address, tact and particular kind- ness (jf intention, and is esteemed by all who are pri\-ileged t(.) know him. JOHN C. AVIGGIXTOX, Jr. One of the most progressive voung farmers of West Lincoln township, Logan county, Illinois, is John C. Wigginton, Jr.. who was ijorn in this county, December 14, 1865. His father was John Wigginton, a sketch of whose life appears upon another pag-e of this volume. During his boyhood our subject attended the common schools of his district, and in the fall of 1881 entered the university at Lincoln, but his health, par- ticularly his eyes, l_)ecoming weak, he was forced to give up the close application of the schoolroom, and returned tO' the homestead farm in 1883, and there remained until 1887. Then he accepted a position in a store lo- cated at Bellflower, Illinois, remaining there for three months, and during this time be- came accpiainted with the lady who later consented to become Mrs. \Vigginton. Mr. Wigginton then embarked in busi- ness at Burtonview, under the firm name of J. C. Wigginton & Compan\-, and he was also api)ointed postmaster, but he remained there but three months and then sold to his partner and returned to the homestead farm, where he remained until Januar_\- 3, 1889. On January 3, 1889, Mr. Wigginton was married to Miss Mamie Hender, who was born in Galesburg, November 17, 1867, and is a daughter of Frank Hender, who was born in England, on St. \'alentine's Day, in 1831. Air. Hender was a sailor by profession, and after coming to America, in 1850, he occupied \'arious positions on the water, both in New York and on the Alis- sissippi ri\'er. As he was skilled in the culi- nary art, he was generally engaged as a cook during these early days, and for a time acted in that capacity on the Iron Mountain Rail- road. Going- then to^ Ouincy, he worked in the hardware business for the firm of Com- stock Hardware Company, and when the firm purchased a store in Galesburg he was sent to take charge of it, under the name of the Ba])cuck Hardware Comi)any. Later Mr. Hender bought this firm out and business was carried on under the firm name ■ of Hender, Andrew & Company. The Ijusiness prospered under the new manage- ment until a fire destroved l.)uilding and 562 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. stock, and after erecting a new building and stocking it Mr. Hender had the misfortune to suffer from fire a second time. Later he traded what was saved from the fires to a merchant in BelHIower, ]\IcLean county, for a farm consisting of one liundred and forty acres, later adding to it until he owned three liundred acres. Upon this land he lived un- til the time of his death, December 17, 1895. In politics he was a stanch supporter of the Republican party, and was devoted in his adherence to the Episcopal church. The mother of Mrs. \A'igginton still surxives, and lives with her two sons on the old hnmestead farm. Mrs. \\'igginton was one in a family of fi\-e children born to lier parents, these being as follows : Frank, who married Sarah Warren and resides on the homestead farm ; Albert INI., single, who resides with his mother and is engaged in extensive farming, the firm being known as the Hender Brothers ; Lula, who' is the wife of George Howe, a farmer in ?\Iansfield, Piatt county, Mamie, who is the wife of our subject; and Rose Gertrude, who is the wife of Samuel Howe, who resides in Piatt county, near Mansfield. The children born to Mr. and :\lrs. W'igginton number three, and are as follows: Mable, born March i, 1890; Al- bert H., born March 23, 1892; and Irene, born October 7, 1896, all bright, intelligent and attractive children. Immediately after his marriage Mr. ^^'iggintl■.n settled in Sheridan township, on a part of the old hnmestead farm, and fur twelve years that was the pleasant family home, but at that time he had an opportunity to secure his present most desirable and val- I'.able farm, consisting of two hundred and twenty-eight acres in \\'est Lincoln town- ship. His beautiful residence is located on a high knoll, overlooking the surrounding countrv, and all of his buildings are in the state of improvement which tells that the owner takes a personal pride in his sur- roundings. Here Mr. Wigginton raises great numbers of high-grade stock for mar- ket purposes, and has established a reputa- tion in this line. In politics he has been an active Republican, was census enumera- tor for 1900 and for a number of years has Ijeen a school director. He was one of the incorporators of Lucas cemetery, one, of the oldest and largest in the county, and since its incorporation has been its secretary. JOHN BREST. Though at present li\-ing a retired life in Elkhart, Illinois, Mr. Brest has contributed his share toward developing the agricultural resources of Illinois, and he is entitled to the competence which has followed in the wake of his labors and to the sincere respect which his life insi)ires in the hearts of all whO' are fortunate enough to know him. Of Gemian ancestry, he was born on the his- toric Rhine, December 19, 18 19, and was educated and reared in his nati\-e land. His parents, John and Christine (Runk) Brest, were also natives of Germany, where they were married and where seven of their chil- dren were born. On May 10, 1834, the father and two sons embarked at Havre on a sailing vessel, and after thirty-five days landed in New York City, the mother and fi\-e children coming to America the follow- ing year. The father located at Cleveland, Ohio, and for three years was engaged at \'arious occupations, afterward removing to Pike county, Ohio, where he engaged in farming, owning one hundred and forty acres of land. His first wife died in 1843, THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 56: and in 1S47 ''"^ married Lizzie Sides, who lived until 1871, her husband having pre- deceased her in 1866. John Brest, Sr.. was an industrious, hard-w(,rking man, and was honored and respected by all who knew him. In early life he affiliated with the Lutheran church, but later became associated with that of the United Brethren. In politics he was a Democrat. The children born of his hrst marriage were : Lawrence, who married Elizabeth Stoxer, and both of whom are de- ceased, li\ed in Pike count}', Ohio, and reared a family of six children ; John is the ne.xt of the family; Lena, who, with her hus- baml. John Ropes, is also deceased, lived in Ohio and had four children ; Henry lives in Ohio : Phoebe is also deceased, as is her hus- band, George Geese ; Mary is the widow of Fred Cottonbroak and li\-es in Ohio; Chris- topher, who married Miss Teavault, now deceased, is now living with his third wife in Pike county, Ohio; and two children died in infancy. Tlii"ough his second marriage John Brest, Sr., became the father of the follo\\ing children : Conrad married Mary Fry, and later Minerva Birdick, and lives in Logan county; Peter li\-es in Nebraska and is married to Mary Douce; Jacob, who- li\'ed in Ohio, was married, and is now deceased ; Phoebe; and a babe died in childhood. John Brest came to America with his nidther in 1835, at which time he was six- teen vears of age. In his native land he had ac([uired a fair c children, as follows: Minnie, wife of our subject; and Jacob, who resides in Chicago and is a bookkeeper for the Armour Packing Company. Mrs. "Leach was born in Sangamon CQunty, September 15. 1872, and by her marriage has become the mother of f'lur children, namely : Mabel, born on March 6, 1893; Annie, liorn on July 2, 1894: Xor- val, born on ]May 3, 189C); and Minnie, born on Xovember 16, 1898. ]\Ir. Leach is a Re- publican in iiiilitics. and is a member of Elk- hart Camp of Modern Woodmen of Amer- ica. He attends the Cuinberland Presb)- lerian church, and he and his wife are very highlv respected in the locality where they make their home. HEXR^' (;oi',el:\[.\x. This well-known and prominent business man of Chestnut was born in Jackson coun- ty, Ohio, on the 20th of March. 1853. His father. Valentine Gobelman. was born iii Germanv in 181 2. and in that country grew to manhood and married ]\Iiss Barbara Spohn. also a native of tlie fatherland. In their family were the following children : Barbara, wife of Louis Ro])]). of Jacks. m countv, Ohio; Elizabeth, wife of Le\i Scherenberger, of Pike county, Ohio; Kalh- erine, who is living at the old home in Jack- son county, that state; Plucbe, widow of |olui \\ amliaugh, who died in that county in 1870; V^alentine, also a resident of Jackson county, Ohio; Mary, wife of Jacob I'riek, of Pike connty, Ohio; and Philip, who re- sides on the old homestead. -j The earlv life of Henry Gobelman was like that of the average farmer boy reared in Ohio. He attended the district schools as opportunitx' permitted and early became familiar with agricultural pursuits. Leav- ing hiune in March. 1877. he came to Chest- nut, Illinois, where he was \'ariously em- ployed for Some time. At first he engaged ! in farming upon rented land and then pur- 1 chased one hundred and eight acres, which he improved and tilled to excellent ad\an- tage, but he has found mercantile pursuivs more to his liking, and judging from his success it is the occupation for which he is l>est fitted. In 1887. he embarked in general merchandising in partnership with Williap.! ]\lcMahon, who ten months later sold out to our subject's present partner, William Ba])st. and the Inisiness has since been con- ducted under the firm name of Gobelman & Bapst. The}- have a good store which is well stocked with hardware and general merchandise, and the ])atrons of this well ke])l establishment receive the most court- eous and kindly attention. Besides his business propertv and a gocd residence m Chestnut Mr. Gobelman still owns the farm of one hundred and eight acres which he purchased some years ago. In 1877 Mr. Gobelman wedded Miss ]\lar\ Bapst, who was l)orn in Pike county, Ohio, anil was educated in its public schools. .She is the oldest in a family of si.x children. Mr. and Mrs. Gobelman lia\e eight children, three sons and five tlaughters. namely : Liz- zie, now the wife of X'ute Lakin. of Logan countv; Emma, Lulu. William W., Frank THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 571 L., Pansy 'and Tracy, all at home. Tlie family attend and support the Methudi^t Episcopal church. During President Cle\eland"s first ad- ministration Mr. Gohelman was appointed postmaster of Chestnut, and on the expira- tion of the term his partner was given the same office, while iiur suliject hecame assist- ant postmaster, ser\ing as such during Pres- ident Plarrison's administration. During the latter part of President Cleveland's sec- ond term Air. G(_ibelman was reappointed postmaster to till an une.xpired term of eighteen months caused by the defalcation of the former postmaster. He ]:)roved a very competent anil trustworthy officer, and has always had the entire confidence and respect of his fellow citizens. ASA R. ATCHISOX. This energetic and progressive voung farmer, whose home is on the line dividing Logan and McLean counties, was born in the former count}" on the 26th of June, 1868, and is a worthy representative of one of her highlf respected families, being a son of George \\'. and Mary A. (Reece) Atchi- son, whose sketch appears on amttlier i)age of this volume. He received a good prac- tical education in the country schools near his boyhood home and by assisting in the operation of the farm gained an excellent knowledge of agricultural pursuits, which he decided to make his life work. He has given his attention exclusi\-el_\- to farming on his own account, and has met with good success, now operating a well improved and highly cultivated farm of one hundred and sixty acres in AIcLean county belonging to his father-in-law, Guv H. Tuttle. On the 1 8th of February, 1897, Mr. .\tchison was united in marriage with Miss Hattie May Tuttle, the accomplished daugh- ter of Guy H. Tuttle, who is one of At- lanta township's most prosperous farmers and distinguished citizens. This union has been blessed with one child, Guy. In his po- litical affiliations Air. Atchison is a Re- publican. GEORGE W. ATCHISON. George \\'. Atchison, deceased, was not only one of the ])rominent farmers of Oran township, but was also a gallant defender of the Union during the dark days of the Civil war. He was born in Kentucky, June 4, 1834. and was a son of Isham S. and Alary C. (Crawford) Atchison, who were also natives of the Blue Grass state. His paternal grandparents came to this country from Scotland and first settled in Pennsyl- \ania. Isham S. Atchison was born Decem- ber 12, 1804, and received a good country school education. As soon as old enough to handle a plow he commenced work in the fields and devoted his life to agricultural pursuits, becoming a very successful and ex- tensive farmer. He was a capable financier and a man of excellent business and exec- uti\-e ability, and through his own well di- rected efforts became the owner of o\-er one thousand acres of fine farming land. He was noted for his hospitality, and at his death left a host of friends as well as rel- atives to mourn his loss. He was one of the pioneers of Logan count}-, having accom- panied his parents on their removal to this localit}- in 1834 and settled near the city of Atlanta. In early life he wedded Aliss Alary C. Crawford, whose parents, ^^'iIliam and Margaret Crawford, were originally from 572 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Kentucky. Slie was lioni February u, 1805, and is now deceased. Tliey were the parents of eight children, namely : Pauline E., now ]Mrs. A. Eskew, who resides in Peoria. Illinois; Ji.hn T., David W. and Charles \\'.. all residents of Atlanta town- ship, this county, and George W., of this review. It was during the infancy of our sub- ject that the family settled in Logan coun- ty, and amid pioneer scenes he grew to man- hood upon his father's farm, receiving an exceptionally good education in the country schools of those early days. Pie was fond of literature and was a well read man. After his marriage, at the age of twenty-three years, lie was given two hundred acres -^.f land by his father, who presented each of his children with a farm, and to the improve- ment and cultivation of that place he devoted his time and energies until a }-ear prior to his death, which occurred April i, iSqt. He left a nice estate, including property in Atlanta, Ijesides the old homestead in Oran townshi]), where his widmv and daughter still reside. Mr. Atchison was married, April 12, 1857, to Miss Alary A. Recce, who was Iiorn on a farm near .Sjiringtield, Ohio, June 20. 1837, and came to Illinois in 1840 with her parents, Sampscju and Sarah (Foley) Reece. Her father, who was an e.\tensi\'e farmer of the Buckeye state, died in 1859, and her mother departed this life in 1882. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Atchison Were born the following children: Pauline Ethleen, the oldest, resides with her mother in At- lanta: \\'inifield Scott, born November 30, 1859. died March 14, 1880; Charles Henrv, born Fel)ruarv 21, 1862, is li\-ing on tlie home place in Oran township; Nellie Howe, born .\pril 24, 1865, is the wife nf G. \V. Paullin, of Atlanta; Frank Ross, born June 26, 1868, died August 8, 1900; Asa R., twin brother of Frank R., is represented (in aiVither page of this volume ; and Teedie T., 1)orn February 3, 1872, died August 16, 1874 ; Bertha Luella, born February 9, 1875, died August 28, 1878: and Edgar Judson, born May 6, 1877. On the inauguration of the Ci\'il war Mr. Atchison laid aside all personal inter- ests and in June, 1861, enlisted in the three months' ser\-ice. In October, 1862, he re- enlisled in Company E, One Hvmdred and Si.\th Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was tippointed corporal of the companv, in which capacity he served until honoralily dis- charged in February, 1865. Much of his time was devoted to guard dutv, and he also assisted in caring for the w-ounded soldiers as a nurse in the hospital. Later he was an honored member of the Grand Army of the Rei)uiilic, as well as the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and was a sincere and earn- est Christian, holding membership in the Methodist cluu'cb. He was regarded as one of the best and most influential citizeiis of his community, and he commanded the con- fidence and respect of all with whom he- came in contact either in business or social life. ♦-•-♦ WILLIAM BAPST. The substantial traits of character in- herited from his German ancestry have been of in\alual)le benefit to ]\Ir. Bapst in the lin.secution of his farming and mercantile interests. At present a mercliant at Chest- nut, he has a fine Inisiness, and has won the Confidence of the communitv Iw his sterling integrity and e\-ident desire to please. The youth of Mr. Bapst was spent in Pike count^•, Ohio, from which countv have THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 573 come so many gnml citizens O'f Illinois. His father, Louis Bapst, was born in Ger- many, near the Rhine, in Wnrtemberg, and came to America in 1846, settling in Ohio, where he farmed and raised stock until his ■death. He married Elizabeth Brust, who was also born in Germany, and came io America with her parents when but ten \ears of age. ]\]rs. Bapst is still living, and at the age of sixty-four is a bright and inter- esting lady, and devoted to her children. She is making her home with her S(.n in Chillicothe, Ohio. Of the seven children born to her, all are now living: Mary, wlv:) is the wife of Henry Gobelman, of Chest- nut ; William; Lena, who is the wife of Peter Lowry. of Chillicothe. Ohio : Mar- garet, who is the wife of Phillip Rothmyer, who lives near Bainbridge, Ross county, Ohio: Frank B., wlu) lives in Chillicothe. Ohio; Lucy, who is the wife of Christ Rapp, ■of Pike county, Ohio ; and Adam, who is a resident of Chillicothe, Ohio. William Bapst passed an uneventful youth in Pike countv, Ohio, and attended the public schools. He remained on his la- ther's farm until i8S_', after which he came to Illinois, and worked on a farm in Logan ■county for four years. Subsequently, in 1887, he embarked in the mercantile Ijusi- ness with his brother-in-law, Henry Gobel- man, at Chestnut, the partnership continu- ing till the present time. In the village of Chestnut, in i8q2, ^Ir. Bapst married Magdalen Kichner, who was born in Logan county, and is a daughter of Christine Richner, and one of three chil- dren. Mrs. Bapst was educated in the public schools of Logan county, whither lier father had remo\-ed from Germany, as did also his Avife, who is still living in Logan countv. ]\Ir. Richner died near Chestnut. To Mr. and Mrs. Bapst ha\e been born four chil- dren, tw(.) of whom are li\ing, Omar L. and Ray AL, while Fonda and Leah are de- ceased. Air. Bapst is the possessor of a house and six lots in Chestnut, and the firm owns one hundred acres of land in Aetna township. He is a member of the Alethodist church, while his wife affiliates with the Lu- theran church. He is a Republican in pol- itics, and was postmaster during the admin- istration of President Harrison. A public- spirited citizen, he enjoys the confidence and respect of his town, and numbers many friends among the residents (if Chestnut. WILLIAAI FUr.SHER. .-V very prominent and successful farmer of Logan county is William Fulsher. a Ger- man 1)\- liirth, Ijut now an _\merican citizen. He was born June 21. 1844, and is a son of Christian and Hannah (Stroloachj Fulsher, Ixith of them being natives of Germany, where thev were luarried, not coming to America until 1854. Locating in Ohio, the father engaged in carpentering and contract- ing, and there he died in 1890, after eighty- six j-ears of usefulness. The mother is still li\ing in \\'averly, Pike county, Ohio. A family of seven children was born to the parents of our sul)ject, he being the third in order of birth, the others being as fol- lows : Harmon married Louisa Coonaugh, and resides in Petersburg, Indiana. Charles, a soldier of the Ci\il war, enlisted in the Seventy-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, serving through iour years. Fie was wounded in five places and died from the effects of the same in 1867. He married Hattie Arnholdt, who resides in Waverly, Ohio, with one child. Ferdinand married Alary Rlmdy first, and second Alar}- Baker, and now lives in Corwin ti^wnsbip on a 574 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. farm, and has seven children. August mar- ried Ivlary Fenster and resides at Waverly. Sophia naarried Le\i Rli(id\- first, and sec- ond Louis Arnholdt, who resides at Emden, Ihinois. Annie is married and resides in Waverly, Ohio. Prior to comintj to the United States Mr. Fulsher attended the best of the common schools in his native land, but he was only ten years of age, in 1854, when his fatlier lo- cated in Ohio. There his bnyliood and young manhood were spent, attending school and assisting his father on the farm, where he remained until he was twenty-one years old. In 1865 lie came to the state of Illi- nois and located in Middletown. where he followed agricultural pursuits. Mr. Fulsher was married, Xo\'ember 28. 1868. at Alill Grove, to Miss Basheba Baughan, \\'ho was tiorn in Logan county, Illinois. March 13, 1845. •'^'i^ ^^'''s a daugh- ter of Bearman and Basheba Baughan, and after the death of the latter the father mar- ried Clara Baughman, and after her death he married Jane \'invard. By the first union there were born these children : Les- ter, who married Jane Martin, and resides in Corwin township ; Abraham, who mar- ried Helen ^Martin first, and second Etta Morris and resides in Lincoln, Illiiiciis: Mercy, w1k> married Dutton Marley. both now deceased, and li\ed in Logan county; Peggy. \\h(i m.nrried Wrishington Grebes, both now deceased, and li\ed in Kansas. The children of the second marriage were : Louisa A., who married Irxine Bell, and re- sides in Middlelnwn: Sarah, who married Sherman Pearce, and resides in ]\Iarion county, Kansas; Basheba, who is the wife of our subject; Solomon, wIm died at the age of sixteen vears. Three children were born to the third marriage, as follows: Boda\-ina, who is miw the wife of Robert Gallegher, and resides in Nebraska ; Laur- ette, who married Uriah \\'endel. and re- sides in Corwin township ; and Lizzie, who married Alonzo Morris, and resides in York county, Nebraska. The children born to Air. and Mrs. I'ulsher were: Emma, born February 26, 1871, married Herman Brail, resides near Mount Pulaski, and has three children ; Elizabeth, born October 23, 1872, married George Beaver, resides in Burt county, Nebraska, and has six sons; William H., born February i, 1874, married Minnie Steinhour, resides in ^\'est Lincoln t inducements su- perior to those offered in the state of his- liirth. .\fter retm-ning to IlHuciis he married, December 29, 1892, Carrie Schaffenacker, daughter i:>f George and Katherine Scliaf- fenacker and a sister of Louis Schaft'enack- er. wliose l)iograph\' appears in this work. She was burn in Chestnut in i8(iS, and is one in a family of eleven children. To Mr. and Airs, .\hrens have been born two chil- dren, Ojga. who was born Xovember (3, 1895, '"''•' Annie, wln.i was l.)orn October 8, 1897. The parents are members of the' Lu- theran church at Chestnut, of which Mr. .\hrens is the treasurer. ED\MX C. PERKIXS. Among the leading and ])rr;minent at- tornevs of Lincoln is Edwin C. Perkins, who is now ser\iiig as master in chancerv. He was born in Braxton county, \\ est \'ir- ginia, Alav i. 1860, and is a son of Enoch and Eliza ( Salisbury ) Perkins, also natives of that ci;unty. His paternal grandfather was .\ndrew Perkins, who was born in Vir- ginia of Scotch descent, and his maternal grandfather was Thomas Salisbury, who was of German lineage. The latter was connected with the Strong family, which was of Puritan stock and was rejiresenteJ in the Revolutionary war. In 1865, at the close of the Civil war, Enoch Perkins left his old hiime in West \'iruinia and came to 576 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Lincoln, Illinois, where he spent some years, but is now living a retiretl life in ^\'ymore, Nebraska. His wife is also living. By oc- cupation he was formerly a farmer. ]\lr. Perkins, of this review, was only a small child when brought by his parents to this coimt}-, and in its district schools he acquired his primary education. He assisted his father in the work of the home farm un- til eighteen years of age. In 1883 '^^ began teaching school in this count v, and for si.K years devoted his attention to tli.u pursuit through the winter months, while during the summer season he continued to engage in farming. The following year he took a teacher's course at the Indiana Normal School. He commenced the study of lavv- in 1885, and was admitted to the bar No- vember 22. 1889, at Mt. A'ernon, Illinois. In the spring of the following year he lo- cated in Lincoln, and has since successfulh- engaged in practice at this place. Soon after his arrival he was elected justice of the peace and ably filled that office for eight years. In 1891 he was elected city attorney, in which capacity he ser\ed two years, and has been master in chancerv since 1897. On the 28th of January, 1891, INIr. Pc- kins was united in marriage with ]\Iiss Joseijhine Niebauhr, of Emden, Logan coun- ty, a daughter of Sinum and Franciscri (Necum) Niebauhr, and bv this union were l)orn four children : Marguerite, Rollo R., Lionel S. and Helen. In his political \iews Air. Perkins is a stanch Republican, and in 1896 was a mem- ber ot the countv central comnnttee. He is a member of Lodge No. 210, ]•". & A. ~S\.: Chapter No. 147, R. A. M. ; Constantine Commandery, No. 51, K.. T. : and th.c Temple of the ]\[ystic Shrine. As an at- torney he ranks among the foremost law- yers of Logan county, and as a citizen he is progressive and public-spirited, giving his support to all enterprises calculated to ad- vance the oeiieral welfare. WILLIAM NVCU.M. For many }ears William Nycum was actively identified with the business interests of Lincoln, and by his untiring industrv and sountl judgment has won a merited success, which now enal)les him to lay aside all busi- ness cares and spend his declining years in ease and retirement. He is a native of the Keystone state, his birth ha\ing occurred u]ion a farm in Bedford county, Pennsyl- vania, April 22. 1825. His father, John N}'cuni. was born in the same state, and was a son of Leonard Nycum. who was of Ger- man (lescent. Through(.iut life the father fi.illowed the occupation of farming. He married Miss Elizabeth Gains, who was born near the Antietam river, in Maryland, and was a daughter of Charles Gains. Din"ing his binhood William Nycum was onl\' able to attend schoi.il for three months during the winter season. At an earh' age he commenced learning the car- penter's trade, and continued to follow that pursuit throughout the greater part of his active Inisiness life. In 1855 he came to Logan county. Illinois, and made his home near Elkhart, working at his trade for some fifteen vears. I\Ir. N\-cum was married in October, 1861, to Miss .\nn;i J. Stollard, who was born in Ross county, Ohio, and came to Logan county, Illinois, in 1853. They have one daughter living, the youngest of six children born to them: Sally E., at home. After his marriage ]\Ir, N}-cum removed to Lincoln, in 1862, where he engaged in car- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 579 jientering- and Inntse moving, devoting his attention to the latter Jjusiness for about ten years. He has met witli excellent success in all his undertakings, and is to-day the owner of some ^■aluable real estate, having two good farms in Corwin township, one of one hundred and sixty acres, the other of two hundred and fortv acres. He also owns a half interest in a tract of nne hundred and twentv acres in this Cduntx'. and has three hundred and twenty acres in Saline and Phelps counties, Xehraska. all of which is well imi)roved and is now rented. Besides this propertv ]Mr. Xycum owns sixteen acres of land subdivided into town lots within the corporate limits of Lincoln. Cijming to the Mest as he did, a young man Avithout cap- ital, he deserves great credit fiir his suc- cess in life. He has made the most of his •opportunities, and by straightforward, hon- orable dealing has accumulated a handsome property. His life illustrates what can be accomplished thn^ugh industr}-, persever- ance, good management and a determination to succeed. Although now seventy-six years of age, he is still hale and hearty and is able to look after his business affairs. THOMAS R. PATTISOX. Thomas R. Pattison, who has devoted his entire life to the trade of carpentering and is a venerable and honored citizen of Chestnut, was born in Indiana I^Vlarcli ii, J 827, and is a son of William Pattison, who was bom in Kentucky in 1770, and of Han- nah ( Lsgrigg) Pattison, also a native of Kentucky, born in 1778. The parents were Jiiarried in the Blue Grass state and lived there until their removal to Indiana in prac- ticall}- the dawn of the nineteenth century. They reared to usefulness a family of nine children, namelv; Fletcher, who died in ^Missouri at the age of se\'enty-six : Daniel, who died in Logan county, Illinois, at the age of sixty; William, who resided in Stark county, Illinois, and died when si.xty years of age ; John, who lived to be twenty-six xears of age: Michael, who died in Indian- apolis. Indiana, at the age of sixty; Mar- garet J., who is the wife of Sample Lofton, and li\es in Indianapolis; Thomas R. ; George, who died in 1851; and Caliph M., who is twin to George, and li\-es at Hil- dreth, Edgar county, Illinois. Thomas Pattison was educated in the district schools iif Indiana, and in early life learned the trade of carpenter. On July 10. 185J. lie took a life jiartner in Lod\-iska Clark, and to them has been born one child, Alice C, will) is the witlow of Sylvester ]\Iyrick. Mrs. Myrick is the mother of five children : Cora, who is now the wife of John Downing; Ezra, who is a resident of Chestnut ; Bertram, who lives with his mother ; Lucretia, deceased ; Dane and Dean, at home. Though seventy-four years of age >\Ir. Pattison is hale and heartv. and capable of turning out a satisfactory day's work. He is a conscientious and painstaking me- chanic, and gives satisfaction wherever em- ployed. ]\Ianv rt, after which he returned to Little Rock. He was with his regiment in front of Vicksburg all through that siege, after which he was promoted to first lieutenant, and served as such through .Arkansas and Texas until, on account of ill l;ealth, he was forced to resign in 1864. .\fter the war he returned to Illinois, where he has since li\-ed, surrounded by many friends, and the good wTIl of the entire com- munity. He is now a member of Charles Mixtre Post. G. .\. R.. of Chestnut. WILLIAM RIMKRMAX. One of the leading farmers and success- ful men of West Lincoln township, Logan county, is William Rimerman. who resides on section 29. He was born in Brunswick, Germany, in 1829. and was educated in the common schcx^ls of that country. In 1845 liis father, Frederick Rimerman. brought the family, consisting of himself, five brothers and sisters and mother, to .America. L])on reaching this country the family landed in Xew Orleans, whence they went Lo St. Louis and a few days later to Mason county. Illinois, where they resided for alxiut twenty years. They 'then removed to Logan county, where the father ilied in 1880, aged eighty-eight years. His wife dietl about twenty-three years ago. .At the time of the death of the father five of his six children were alive, but how only William and Adolph survive. William Rimerman U)ca'ed in Logan countv. Il]injut fourteen hundred acres. In 1 85 1 Mr. Rimerman was married to Miss "Mary Deverman and they have four children, two sons and two daughters, name- ly : Frank : .Annie, who is the wife of .\dolph Schrader. of West Lincoln town- ship: Herman: Alary, who is the wife of Frank Kiest. of West Lincoln township. Mr. Rimerman is a Republican, but has never taken an active part in politics, although he served very acceptably as road commissioner for eighteen years and as a member of the school board for twenty years. He and his family are consistent memljers of the St. John's Evangelical church of Lincoln, and always give a liberal support to every worthy enterprise. Air. Rimerman is nearly seventy- two years of age, and in the township where he has made his home for so long he is highly esteemed, not only as one of the old- est citizens, but also as a kind-hearted, genial, hospitable man who has many friends on every side, and who has earned his pres- ent enviable ])(!sition by his own efforts. SCOTT L.WTERMAX. Scott Lanterman, deceased, was born -n Sangamon county, Illinois, April 11, 1848, and was a son of Peter and Dolly A. (Lightfoot) Lanterman. Peter Lanterman was born in Fleming county. Kentucky, Septeml)er 4. 1817. and his wife was Iwrn in .\dair countv. that state. Februarv q, 1820. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 581 lie removed to Sangamon county, Illinois, with his parents and there he was married Decemher 6. 1838. He followed the occupa- tion of farming, and in i860 he and his wife came to Logan count)', Illinois, where lie purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land, and lived until his death, which oc- curred October 9, 1876. His wife died Jan- uary 6, 1883. Ti ■ them were born ti\e chil- dren who grew tO' maturity, as follows; John H. married Belle Dunham, both now deceased, and they resided in Elkhart. Illi- nois; Susan J. is the wife of Jacol) 'S'ncum. and they reside in Sangamon county, near Williamsville. on a farm; Scott was the next of the familv ; foseph married Lizzie Con- stant, both now deceased, and they lived ii Elkhart township, Logan county; James W. is married and resides in Wetzel, Michigan. The Lanterman family came originally from England to Kentucky, as did also the Lightfoot family, and both were among the pioneer settlers of that state. Captain John Lightfoot. the brother of our subject's mother, ttxik part in the war of the Revolu- tion under General Washington. Scott Lanterman attended the district school and he later went to the uni\-ersity at Lincoln, where he remained until he was twentv-fi\e. .\t this time he returned home and worked with his' father until the latter":-, death. .Vfter his marriage Mr. Lanterman removed to the farm now occupied by his widow on section ;^2. Elkhart township, where he died ( n February 12. 1895. and his remains were interred in Elkhart cem- etery. He was (Jtie of those noble-hearted men who win friends wherever they go. and his demise was mourned as a public calam- ity. During his life he had been a strong Republican, and was honored with all the local offices, which he held to the entire sat- isfaction (it ;dl his constituents. Socialb- he was an active member of the Masonic fraternity, and he attended the Methodist church and always gave liberally of his means to all worth}- enterprises. }ilucli 01 the prosperity of the tOAvnship is due to hi.-; public spirit an'd enterprise, and he will long be remembered as one of the representative men of Logan county. On August 18, 1882. at the Leach home- stead in Logan county. Scott Lanterman was married to Miss Hulda Leach, the ac- ci.mplished daughter of Daniel and Sarah (Talbut) Leach. Her father was born jk Xew York March 9, 182 1. and his wife was a native of Pennsylvania. They were mar- ried in Xew York and removed to Illinois in 1841). Tli,ey located near Springfield, on a farm, and later came to Logan county and settled in Elkhart township. Here Daniel Leach accumulated two hundred and fortv acres of land, which has become very valuable. Pie held all of the local offices, was a Republican in politics and attended the Baptist church. His death occurred on March 17, 1879, and his wife died in June,. 1866. To them were iDorn fi\e children, namelv ; ]\lary, who married Daniel Wood aiid resides near Bartlett, North Dakota; Backus, who married Lydia Osborn and re- sides in Jackson, Minnesota; Abbie, who married Benjamin Bishop and resides near Lucas, Iowa ; and Hulda, wliO' is Airs. Lanterman. Airs. Lanterman was born in Logan countv .Xovember 5, 1858, and was well ed- ucated in the common schools of the district. She was a teacher in this and Sangamon counties, and is a lady of excellent qualities and good judgment. Since the death of her busliand she has managed the affairs of his estate in a remarkalily satisfactory and suc- cessful manner, and her children are grow- ing up into fine men. showing forth in their 582 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. lives the result of a good mother's training" and example. Among her neighhors and friends Mrs. Lanterman is great!)' behivctl for her kind, gentle qualities and charity, and in the Baptist church, of which she has been a member since the age of sixteen, she is a UKTSt active and efficient worker. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Lan- terman are as follows : Robert, who was liorn May 6, 1882. and is at home managing the farm fur his mother: William K.. born ^March 30, 1884; Earl L., born March 20, 1887: Richard O., born September 5, 1889; Howard S., born August 13, 1892; and ^\'inhe]d Raymond, born April 2j. 1895. PHILAXDER SIMCOE. Farming in Logan county, Illinois, has proved a profitable and pleasant venture for Philander Simcoe, who was born in Pike county, tliis state, on the 8th of February, 1844. His father, Larkin B. Simcoe, was a nati\e cf King and Queen county, A'ir- ■ginia, and in early manhood married Miss Martha A. Howe\-, who was born in West Virginia in 1820, and came to Illinois at an earlv age with her parents, the family set- tling in Pike countv, where she was mar- ried. There Larkin B. .Simcoe died prior ti> 1850. He had four children, ime of whom ■died in infancy. The others are Catherine, wife of George Foreman, of Piatt county, Illinois: Philander, of this review: and Jonathan, a resident of Finne\' cnunty, Kan- sas. For her second husband the mother of these children married Absalom Foreman, and about 1865 tiiey removed to Aetna town- ship, Liigan count\', where Mr. Fiiremau died the same year. In 1886 she went to Finne\' countv, Kansas, where she made her home until her death, which occurred in April, i8(;7. By her second marriage she also had fnur children, namely : Sarah, now Mrs. Arthur Simes : Martha J., wife of John Splaine : Absalom C: and Lutilla. wife of j Thomas Cunningham. Into an otherwise une\'entful v<.>uth came the opportunit\- for Philander Simcoe to enter the service of his country tluring the tlark da\s nf the Ci\il war. At Louisiana, Missouri, he enlisted February 12, 1862, as a private in Company B, First Infantry, [Missouri State ^Militia, under Captain Lonergan ami Colonel J( hn B. Grav, and was later promoted to corporal. He was ni the service three years, and was honorably discharged on the 7th of .\pril, 18O5. With the return of peace he took up his resilience in Pike county, Illinois, but soon afterward came to Logan county, where for a time he worked as a farm hand. He then engaged in farming on his c>wn acc<;unt. and as time pasjjcd he steadily prospered in his under- takings and is to-day one of the successful agriculturists of his communitw In his home place he has one hundred and five acres of rich and arable land in Aetna town- ship, and also owns another farm of one hundred and thirt_\-hve acres in the same ti wnship, while his wife has forty acres in her own right and a dower right in one hun- tlred and twenty acres. On the loth of February, 1881, Air. Simcoe was united in marriage with Mrs. Elizabeth W. Dawson, a native of this coun- t\-, and a daughter of Daniel and Lorinda ( Marcourt ) Pattison. Her father was born in Kentucky, but at an early age went to Indiana, where he married Miss Harcourt. In 1849 they came to Logan county, Illi- nois, and settled in what is now Aetna town- ship, where for many years yir. Pattison op- erated the mill at what was then known as THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 58J Yankeetown. He and Iiis wife bnth died there. Airs. Simcoe first married Cal\in Dawsdii, who died leaving one dangliter, Eva C now the wife of Jolm Fortman, of Lincoln. Illinois. L'nto ]\Ir. and ]\Irs. Sim- coe were born five children, namely : Her- man Leroy, who is a gradnate'of the Spring- field Business College ; Alice and Martha, who are now attending the Lincoln high school: and Raymond and Alildred, who are students in the Imme school. As a stanch Republican Mr. Simcoe has taken a very active and influential part in the political affairs of his township, and has been honored ^\■itl^ a numljer (jf local of- fices, including- those of school director, road commissioner and collector. For twelve years, ending in 1899, he efificientiv ser\ed as supervisor and \\-as a member of various important committees. In 1899 he was chairman of the board and was always one of its most prominent members. He is con- nected w ith the Grand Army of the Repul.i- lic. Ijeing a member of Leo W. ]M)-ers Post, Xo. 1S2, of Lincoln. JAAIES BAKER. ty. He early ex'inced commendalDle business ability, which found vent in his earliest \ears in a gradual accpiring of a knowledge of his father's business, until he is to-day one of the expert l)rick men of the countv. Xot only is Air. Baker one of the reliable and progressive business men of the place, but he is identified widi social and general undertakings represented in Chestnut. His l^leasant home is presided over by Mrs. Baker, who was formerly Cordelia Harp,, who was born in Ohio May 9, 1853, a daughter of Levi and Mary (Everly ) Harp, and one in a family of five children. The marriage of Mr. Baker and Aliss Harp oc- curred February 25, 1869, and of this union there are the following children, namely : \\'illard B.. Rosa, John F., Ezra and Nora. Five children are deceased. The children have been educated in the public schools, are bright and interesting", and are a credit to their admirable home training. Air. Baker is esteemed jjy all who know him, and stands high in the community as a business man and citizen. In politics he is a Republican. Air. Harp died in 1854, and in 1S55 the mother with her family came to this lo- calit}-. later marrying Pike Cantrel, and here lived till her death, in 1894. The name of Baker will ever be asso- ciated with one of the most substantial in- dustries in Chestnut, namely, the manufact- iu.-ing of brick. The lousiness here owes its origin to that pioneer brick man and splen- did citizen, Sanuiel Baker, who came here after a meritorious service during the Civil war, and, beginning on a small scale, so con- ducted his afl'airs that the present fine enter- l)rise, now managed by his sons. James and Frank, is the result. James Baker was born in Logan county, Illinois, in 1849. and ^^'^s educated in the public schools of this coun- SAMUEL BAKER. Logan county owes a debt of gratitude- to Samuel Baker, who, though practicallv retired from acti\e business life, has occu- pied an enviable place in the commercial and social life of Chestnut since shortly after the close of the Civil war. At present sev- enty-five years of age, he is still active and in the full possession of his splendid facul- ties, a worthy example of correct living and 584 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. well ajiplied industrv. The brick Inisiness with which his name will al\va_\s he asso- ciated has grown from a comparatixely small beginning to its present large propor- tions, and although he has ostensibly stepped aside and accorded his place of manager '.o his sons, James and Frank, he is still a rec- ognized force in the conduct of the business, and a wise consellor to whom it is pleasant and profitable to listen. Ohio, which has produced so many ca- pable men, and sent them forth on various missions in ditYerent parts of the country, was also the birthplace of Mr. Baker, his natal day being March 14, 1826. His fa- ther, Henry Baker, was born in I'ennsyl- vania and died m Allen count}-, Ohio, Feb- ruary 28, 1854. His wife, Mary Binkley, died in Allen county October 2, 1879, at the age of eighty-eight years. Samuel Baker was educated in the Buck- eye state and there reared to manhood, and in 1844 remo\-ed to Springfield, Illinois, from which he departed after a year for Logan county. He here ran a mill for about eleven years, and was afterward en- gaged in different occupations until the breaking out of the Civil war. In 1862 he enlisted for three years in Company E, One Hundred and Si.xth Illinois \"olunteer In- fantry, and took part in the attack on the Mississippi river just below Vicksburg, and was also in the siege of Vicksburg, besides many other Ijattles and skirmishes. In fact he saw the w ar through tO' a finish, and was lionoralily discharged in 1865. After the war he came to Chestnut and started the brick business as heretofore stated, and lias since been identified with the most substantial and couservati\e growth of his locality. He is the possessor of a well cultivated farm of fortv acres, owns a crmifcrtable brick house, and has be- sides considerable torn in Schuylkill county, Pennsyl- vania, and came to Illinois in 18S3. To Mr. and Mrs. Baker have been born three chil- dren ; Charles, born in 1885; Edwin, bora in 1886: and Benjaiuin Harrison, born Sep- teml)er i, 1888. Frank Baker, the second son by his fa- ther's first marriage, was born in Logan C( unty. Illinois, July 15, 1858. He was ed- ucated in the public schools, and when \-ery young liecame familiar with the brick busi- ness and learned the same under his father's capable instruction. He assumed his pres- ent position with the firm in 1889, and is one of the managers of the only brick man- ufacturing- concern in Chestnut. The brick made is a hand product, and its manufact- urers and the public in general claim for it man_\- su])eriorities o\-er the comnmn run of the commodity as made elsewhere. Mr. Baker married Minnie Burrus, a daughter of James Burrus, who is a resident of Lin- coln, Logan county, Illinois. This marriage occurred in 1883, and of this union there are n\e children: Emma, born in 1883; Da\-id, born in 1885 ; Richard, born in 1887; THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 585 iMartha, Irorn in 1889; and Engene. born mi 1896. Air. Baker is a Republican in pol- itics, and lias ser\e\\ nship. \vhich he at once ciimmenced to improve and culti\-ate. In 1866 !:e also l)ought live acres of timber land, for which he ])aid one hundred dollars per acre, and as lumber was hard tij ol;)tain he used his tim- ber to make rails for fences and for the erection of his house and barns. Being in- dustrious, economical and persevering, he has steadily prospered in his farming opera- tions, and to his original purchase he has added until he ncAv has two thousand acres of land in Logan county, all (if which is in Aetna township, with the exception of eighty acres in Chester and six hundred and forty acres in East Lincoln townshi]). He is the largest indi\idual land owner residing in Aetna ti iwnship. He also owns a section of land in \\''oodburv county. Iowa. .\I- though he is ol)liged to employ many men in carr\'ing i:in his farms, he is still acti\-elv en- gaged in their operation, and none can turn out a mi)re satisfactory clay's' work. Mr. Johnstim has been twice married, liis first wife Ijemg Miss Rosa Armstrong, to wiicm lie was married in 1853. and by that uniiin fi^ur children were borii, but twii died in childhood, antl all are now deceased. The wife and mother departed this life in 1864. On the lijth of June, 18(36, Mr. Jiihnston was united in marriage with Miss Margaret Irvine, of ^Montreal, Canada, whii was alsii born in the north of Ireland and emigrated to Canada when fifteen years of age. The children burn of this union are Alexander: Katherine ]., nnw the wife nf Herman Randolph, ' of ; Aetna township ; Thomas : Belle, wife of Thomas M. Harris, of Lincoln, Illinois; George; May; Sue; and Edna. The unmarried children are all li\- ing at home. Appreciating- the value of a g'ood education, Mr. Johnston has given his 31 children the best possible advantages along that line, being students at either Lincoln or W'esleyan Uni\'ersities, In his political views Mr. Johnston is a Republican, and he has been called upon to fill the offices i>f highway commissioner and school director. • He is a member of and acti\-e wtirker in the Methodist Episcopal church at Harmony, of which he is a trus- tee, and contributes liberally toward the maintenance of the same. In other matters also he may be depended upon for liberal suppi.irt, as he ne\er withholds his aid from any enterprise which he believes calculated to pro\-e of public Ijenefit. He deserves great credit for the success that he has achieved in life and well merits the high re- gard in which he is held Ijy his fellow citi- zens. His family is one of prominence in the comnnuiit\- where thev reside. JOHN DEAN GILLETTE. Eor man}- years John D. Gillette was one of the most prosperous and influential citi- zens of Logan county. The family to which he belonged was of French Huguenot or- igin, and was founded in the United States in 1031, his ancestors being among the- early settlers of Lebanon, Connecticut. His- paternal grandfather, Benoni Gillette, was. a soldier of the Revolutionarv war. His fa- ther was Eliphaz Gillette, who was born in 1791. and married Amarilla Sanford. Our subject was born in Connecticut April 28. 1 810, and attended the Lan- castrean school at New Haven. After spending tw-o years in the south he returned to Cdunccticut in 1838 and w-as a student at Pearl's Academy in New- Haven for a time. In the fall of that year he came to 588 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Losfan countv. 1 Hindis, and after \isitinL!' his uncle at Bald Knuh he cmnmenced \\(irk at eiglit dollars per month. Saving his wages for two years, he was at length alile to enter four acres of prairie land at (ine •dollar and a (piarter per acre, and on attain- ing his majority two years later increased his entry to one hundred and sixty acres, and also building a house upon his land. In 1842 he was the owner of two hundred and forty acres, and so successful was he in his farming operations that as early as 1850 he had the largest farm and the most cattle, hogs and horses of any one in the coitnty. He seemed to take the greatest jjride in his cattle and frequently had as many as four thousand head. All his sur- plus money he invested in cheap land, and in 1852, in company with Robert Latliam, entered over six thousand acres. At the time of his death, which occurred August 2^, 1883. he owned sixteen thousand fi\x' hundred acres of land and vast herds of cat- tle and horses. He was also president of the Xational Bank of Lincoln, and one of the most successful and wealthv citizens of this part of the state. In politics he was -i strong Republican, antl was a personal friend of President Lincoln, luit he al\\a\s refused political honors. LOUIS SCHAFFEXACKER. Louis Schaffenackcr, who has for man\ years been identified with the \icinit}- ( f the \-illage of Chestnut, is an Illinoisan, ami \\a.> born in Logan county December 10, 1866. His father, George S. Schaffenacker. was horn in Germany in the early "30s. was edu- cated in the fatherland, and emigrated ti < -\merica some time in the '^os. L'pon settling in Logan county. Illinois, he en- gaged in lirick making for some time, and then thought to improve his prospects l)v rem( \ing to California. However, he saw no advantages there which were not to Ije found ill the middle states. s(.) returned to Logan county, located in Mount Pulaski, where he erected a brick house, and settled down to the life of an industrious citizen. In 1857 he married Catherine Stoll, and to them w as born the following children : .\nna 1'... who is the wife of Rev. E. Beil, rector in the \illage of Chestnut; Cath- erine, who is the wife of Adatn Feuerbach, of Lincoln. Illinois; Alary, who is the wife of George Seyfer, of Lincoln; Sarah, who is married to E. Buehler, a farmer lixing west of Chestnut; Emma, who is the wife of John St(.tll, of Chester township; Carrie, who is the wife of Albert Abrams, of Aetna townshi[); Olga, Frederick (:., Edward and William, who are all living on the home- stead. From his yoiuh up Lijuis Schaffenacker lived on his father's farm and contributed his share towards the management and de- velopment of the h(jmestead. He was an Industrie !us and studious lad, and attended the district schools with profitable results. When twentv-eight years of age he started out to farm im his own i"esponsibility.ha\-ing in the meantnne contracted a marriage with Katherine (lell)ach. a daughter of Jacob Gelbach. who died August 5, 1896. Her mother, Mrs. Louisa Gelbach, died May 9, 1899. The marriage of our subject oc- curred .Se]>tember 20. 1894, and for three years the couple lived on the home place. Subse was born in Lincoln February 6, 1863, a daug'liter of James and Jane (Preston) Maltby. Her father was one of the brave soldiers of the Civil war who laid down his life on the altar nf his ciuuitr}-. He was ;i member cf the One Hundred and Si.xtb Illi- nois Volunteer Infantry, an".' died from ex- jxjsure in 1862. His wife sub.sef|uently mar- ried James Lee, by wiiom she had one son, James. Jr. She h;id three children by bej' first marriage, these being Charles, who is married and lives in Den\-er. Colorado: Chester, who is also married and li\ino- in that city: and Sarah Jane, wife of our sub- ject. Bv his second union Mr. Sparks has one daughter. Hazel. In his farming operations ]\Ir. Sparks has displayed excellent business ability, and has become one of the largest land owners in his locality, having' two hundred and twenty acres in Corwin township, one liun- dred and eighty acres in Sheridan township, two hundred and sixtv-eight acres in Ches- ter township, and one hundred and sixty acres in Nel)raska. His beatuiful and at- tractive residence, fine barns and all the nec- essary outbuildings present a picture of an ideal country home, an.d here he and his de- lightful fannly dispense a charming and lib- eral hospitalit}'. ROBERT D. CLARK. Robert D. Clark, a retired farmer of Mount Pulaski, is the jx^ssessor of a hand- S(;me pr(>])erty which now enables him to spend his years in the pleasurable enjoy- ment of his accumulations. In early life he successfully engaged in farming and beat his energies to the honorable accjuiremeni; of a ci)mf(irtal)le competence for himself and. familv. A native of Logan count}-, Air. Clark- was born on a farm in Laenna township Septcml)er 30, 1844, and on the paternal side is of English origin. His grandfather, John (."lark, was liorn in New Jersev Jan- uary 17. 1779, and in earlv life married Miss Nancy A. Isgrig, who was born in Maryland January 27, 1783. They spent their last days in Logan county, Illinois, where the grandfather died ISIarch 5, 1859, and his wife December 8, 1867. David \\'. Clark, our subject's father. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 591 \\as bcirn in Buiiiiion cmiiit}'. Kentucky, Sep- temljer 30. 1809. and from tliat state went to Ohio at an early day and in the spring following the deep snow came to Illinois. On Jul}- 7, 1831. in Sangamon count}-, this state, he was united in marriage with Miss Hannah Stout, who was born in Greene county, Pennsylvania, December ij, 1810. a (laughter of Anthony and Sarah (Royal) Stout. She was left an orphan when young and came to Illinois in the fall prior to the deep snow. For about twelve years Da\i farm until his death, which occurred June ! 7, 1875. He enjoyed exceptionally good y health, was strong and active, and in busi- > ness affairs \\-as thoroughly reliable and con- { scientious. By his ballot he supported the I n-ien and measures of the Democracy, and ^ gave to the support i>f all church and philan- thropic W(jrk. In early life Nathaniel Cosby married Aliss Eliza Foster, who was of German de- scent, and they becan-ie the parents of ele\-en children, four of whom died in infancy. Those li\ing- are Deljbie, wife of .Andrew I'lisminger, a grain buyer of Lincoln, Illi- nois: Ora, wife of Edward Ballinger, of Diiwning, Missouri; Mary W"., wife of An- drew Bauman, of Furnace county, Ne- braska: Nnah, the suliject of this sketch: John A., a traveling salesman li\ing in ]3an\-ille. Illinois: H. L., a physician, of Lin- coln: and Nathan, a resident of Broadwell. The mother of these children, wlm was an earnest member nf the Christian church, died on the old home farm in 1898, at the age of sixty-nine years. Noah Cosh)- is indebted tO' the district schools of Broadwell township for his edu- cational advantages. He attended school (inly during the winter months, the summer being de\-i;ted to farm work. He was mily fii-nrteen years of age when his father died, and the responsibility of carrying nn the hiime farm deyf>lyed u];f the poor farm cnmmittee fnur vears, of tiie jsrinting and building committee two years and was a member of several other important com- mittees. Air. Cosby has also served as school director twehe years, and is a mem- Ijer (jf the board at the present time. He is also' a member of the village board, was tdr- merl_\- jjresident of the same, and is now ser\'- ing on the street and rdlev committee. As a citizen he meets e\er\- retjuirement, and manifests a commendable interest in every- thing that is calcidated to promote the wel- fare of his town or count v in anv line. In manner he is jileasant, genial and approach- able, and all whi> know him esteem him higblN- for his genuine worth. JOHX McDOXALD GASAW'.VY. . Among the highly respected citizens of M( unt Pidaski who ha\-e laid aside all busi- ness cares and expect to spend their re- maining years in ease and quiet is John Mc- Donald Gasawa\'. whose early life was suc- cessfully de\(:;ted to farming. He was liorn upon a farm in Ross, county, Ohio, January 19, 1827. and is a son of Xjcholas and .Sopbia ( Denson ) Gasawax'. the former of Scotch and the latter of Welsh descent. His grandfather. Thomas Gasawav, was a na- ti\'e of \'iriginia, and was a soltlier of the Rexdiutionary war. He married Miss Jane Kelly and they reared a g-oocl sized family. The father of our subject was also born i.r the Old I)i niinii^.n. in 1793. and when a ycamg men went to Ohio, \\liere he was mar- ried. Settling in Ross count\', he bcame one of the ])rosperous farmers of that localitv, but tleciding to come farther west, he re- mo\ed with his famih' to Logan countv. Illinois, in 1833. ^i'^'^ settled in Lake Fork t(.wnshii). w here he engaged in farming for many years. He died on the old home farm in 1879 at the age of eightv-fi\e. his wife in 1880. at the age of seventv-nine. l^oth were de\'out meml^ers of the Methodist cluuxli. and were highly respected and esteemed by all who knew them. Of the ten children born to them, eight reached years of niatur- '\X\ and came to Logan countw nameh' : 594 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ^lary, James 1).. John M.. Jane. William H., Tliomas D., So])liia and Xiclicilas. Onl\- three of this famil\- still survive. John M. Gasavvay was reared in much the usual manner of farmer boys of his day, his time being di\-i(!e(l between the work rif the h obtained his literary education in the countrv schools, and accjuired a good prac- tical knowledge of agricultural pursuits. On starting cut in life for himself, in 1856, he engaged in farming in Menard county for about two vears, and then came to Logan countv, settling on a farm within a stone's throw of his present place. He has since made his home in Oran township, and in his farming operations has met with marked success, becoming the owner of one of the best improved and most valuable farms of its size in the locality. On February 19, 1856, Mr. Sullivan married Miss Ellen J. Rhoades. a daughter of Henry Rhoades, of ^Maryland, wht> was a miller lj\- trade, but de\-(ited the latter jjart of his life to- farming. Six children blessed this union, namely: Lewis H., who mar- ried Essie Seal : David L., who married Em- ma Milliurn; Minnie .\.. wife of Charles Trigg; Rosetta L., who married Joseph ^Montgomery, .Septemlier 2j. 1877. and died January 3, 1879: Thomas Benton, who died September j6, 1862: and Grace Hallie, who died January 8, i86g. In their religions connections this familv are Methodists. 1"he wife and mi>ther, who was a most es- timable lady, died on the 31st of August, 1889. Politically Mr. Sulli\an is identiiied with the Rei)ublican party, and socially affil- iates with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is one of the leading antl in- fluential citizens of his community, and is a man who commands the respect and ci>n- fulence iif all who know him, for he is ui>- right and honorable in all his dealings and steadfast in his friendshiiis. JOHX H. HAMMERTON. John H. Hammerton is a leading repre- sentative of the business interests of Beason, where he is now engaged in general mer- chandising as the senior member of the firm of Hammerton & Parks. Of e.xcellent busi- ness abilit}' and broad resources, he has at- tained a jjrominent place among the sub- stantial citizens of his part of the county.. He has won success by his well-directed, energetic efforts, and the prosperity that has come to him is certainly well deserved. Mr. Hammerton is a nati\'e of Illinois, born in Pike county, April 7, 1857. His father, Elias Hammerton, was born on the 3d of May, 1826, in England, \vhere his parents, Stephen and Fannie Hammerton, spent their entire lives as farming people, and w here they died after their son reached manhood. Elias Hammerton was reared and educated in his native land, and was there married. May 15, 1S51, to Miss ]\Iary Cooling, the distinguished daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth ( Eithershaw) Cool- ing-, who were also life-long residents of England. In 1855 ]\Ir. and Mrs. Hammer- ton sailed for the United States, and on THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 599 landing' in Xew York proceeded at once to Pike county, Illinois, where they spent three or foiu' years in farming. At the end of that time they came tO' Logan count}', where the father purcliased a farm, and t(.> its cultiva- tion he devoted hi^ energies until his death, which occurred April 28. ] jjromote the general wel- fare of the communit\- in which he resides- THOMAS D. HOWE. Thomas 1). Howe, a prosperous farmer residing on section 10. Lake Fork township, Logan cnunty, of which he is supervisor, was born in Ross county, Ohio', February 17, 1854, and is a son of Abner and Jane ( Gasawa)- ) Howe. When he was less than twent tlieir last days in McLean county. When the father located upon our subject's pres- ent farm it was all wild and unimproved, but he at once set to work to make it one of the best famis in the county and in this lie was successful. His farm labors were interrupted in i86j by his service in the army. In August of that year he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Seven- teenth Illinois Infantry, and although he ser\etl three years he was never wounded or never off duty, but was with his regiment in all their marches and battles. On his re- turn home he resumed farming, and by in- dustry, perseverance, and economy was able to accumulate a handsome propertv. He died January 3. 1873, honored and respected by all who knew him. His most estimable wife now makes her home in McLean coun- ty. The children born to them were as fol- lows : Abraham Thomas, who was born January 22. 185 J, and died June 22. 1854; and Francis Clarion, our subject. To the country schools of Logan county Francis M. Harley is indebted for his edu- cational advantages. \\'hen not in school his time was devoted to the work of the home farm, and he soon became thoroughly familiar with all the duties which fall to the lot of the agriculturist. At the age of twen- ty-one he commenced farming on his own account, and so successful has he been that he is now the owner of a valuable place of six httndred acres, on which he has a fine lirick residence and a good set of farm buildings. This beautiful place is conveni- ently located on section 14, Atlanta town- ship, within four and one-half miles of At- lanta and two miles from ^McLean. On February i, 1877, Mr. Harley mar- ried ^liss Delia Tuttle, a daughter of Guy H. Tuttle, one of Atlanta's most prosperous and wealthy fanners, and by this union one child was born, Edna, who is now the wife of Ed Hawes, a leading merchant of At- lanta, conducting one of the largest dry gtKxls and men's clothing establisliments in that place. It is interesting to note that when Mrs. Hawes was two years of age she had two grandmothers, one grandfather, two great-grandfathers and two great- grandmothers living. Socially ^Ir. Harley aflfiliate--. with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Mijor, energy and diligence, and it w-as those qualities that enabled Air. Hill to rise from the ranks of the manv and stand among the successful few-. He is one of the highly re- spected citizens of Lincoln, and his long resi- 6o4 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. dence liere and the active part has has taken in ad\ancing its interests we representation in its history. in advancing its interests well entitles him to JACOB B. HARRISON. Jacoh B. Harrison, one of the prosper- ous farmers of Logan county, whose home is on section 8, Laenna township, where he carries on both general farming and stock raising, was born in Jackson county, Ohio, March 15, 185 1, and is the son of Jacob L. and Sarah (Schock) Harrison. The paternal grandparents of our subject were ^\'illianl and ^Nlary (Fawcett) Harrison. Jacob L. Harrison was a native of Rocking- ham county, Virginia, and in early life was a clerk in a store in his nati\e state, \\here he li\ed until middle age. The mother of our subject is still living, aged eighty-two, being born in Pike county, Ohio, Decem- ber 19, 1818. The father died when our subject was only two years of age and the family was left in limited circumstances, and from early childhoo(t Jacob B. was forced to work \-er}' hard so that he had but little time to devote to accjuiring an education. Such oppor- tunities as were offered him, however, he eagerly gra.sped, and heliied his mother on the farm whenever needed, and, she was thus enabled to keep the family of four children together till of age. Three are still living. When about twenty-one Air. Harrison left home, and, coming to Illinois, settled in Logan county and rented land in ])artner- ship with a man who died a year later. After working on the uncultivated Illinois ])rairie for a time he returned to his Ohio home and remained there about two and one-half years. On February 20, 1877, lie was married in Logan county, Illinois, to Miss Sarah Combs, a daughter of Jonathan and .Vnn (_RoseJ Combs, and returned with his bride to Ohio, where they resided seven }ears, he being in charge of the pumping station on the Ohio Southern Railroad at Simpson, and owning the property on which the station was located. In 1884 they came to Mt. Pulaski and engaged in farming, and in 1893 purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land in Laenna tinvnshi]^). In addition to this he controls about twii hundred and forty acres more, making four hundred in all, and operates the propert}- according to the latest im- ))r(.i\-ed methcids. Mr. Harrison is one of the well-known horsemen and stock dealers of this sectii_in, keeping some fine stock on his place and also dealing e.xtensively and successfull)' in. biith. Seven children have been born to Mr. and Airs. Harrison, namely: Katie, who stays with her grandfather Combs; Perry Homer; Anna M. : Delia H. ; Helen AI. ; Alice Ala)-; and Glenn Hobart. In politics our subject is a Democrat, but has never sought for office. Both he and his esti- mable wife are very highly respected in the community in which they make their home. Air. Harrison come to this locality in mod- erate circumstances, and ])y his own efforts has prospered, and deserves a prominent place in the record of the successful men of Loo-an countv. THOAIAS N. BEAVER. Thomas N. Beaver, who is one of the progressive farmers and large landowners of Logan county. Illinois, was born here June 29, 1857, and is a son of James and ■ ■ |K.. . w ' Hj |[ '-■ 'jt^^JH^^^I ¥ K W T ^H ^HP^rf nJiM t' ^Vf P r M ^^Hp i V ■ 1 ^ •^ '^K mM ^ fl ^L ^^ ------ ^^m I J. B, HARRISON. MRS. J. B. HARRISON. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 607 Nancy ( Shasteen ) Bea\-er, wlio are repre- sented un another page of this \-olume. Born of stnrcly ancestr\- and reared in a pioneer home, onr snliject grew to manhood pos- sessed of both good liealth, good morals and aljundant energ_\-. His eihication was ob- tained in the district school known as ^lUl Gro\'e school, in Corwin township, where his attendance was constant during the winter months until he was sixteen vears of age. His father's farming and cattle interests were extensive, and he assisted him very material!}-, until his marriage. On October -'5, 1876. Mr. Beaver mar- ried Aliss Jennie lanson, of St. Louis, Mis- souri, who was born in Fulton county, Illi- nois, September (>, nS^O. She was a daught- er of ^^'ilIiam lanson, a native of England, and his wife, Matilda ( Merker) lanson. a native of Illinois, in which state they were married. As a young man ]Mr. lanson came to America and located in Fulton county, Illinois. When his daughter, Mrs. Beaver, \vas about three vears of age, he started on a journey to England, and as he was never afterward heard from, it was suppcjsed that he died on board the ship. The mother sur- \-i\e(l until her little daughter was six vears old, and then she too passed away. In their family were six children, namely: John, died unmarried, at the age of twenty-three years: Xeoma married Edward 0'Flarrit\', and they lived until death, in Havana, Illi- nois, and left a family of si.x children : Mary married Eli Gray, of Havana, and both are now deceased: Grace is the widow oi John Stull and resides in Ha\ana : Moses married Belle Gilson and li\'es in Dakota: Jennie is now Mrs. Beaxer : and Charles first married Anna Kilensbarger. and second, Caroline \\'itter, and resides in Mason county, Illi- nois. To Mr. and Mrs. Beaver seven children 32 were l:)orn, as follows: Zella L., born ^Nlay 13, 1878, was married October 7, 1897, to \\'illiam Richards, a farmer of Corwin township, and they have two children, Nola -uid an infant daughter: Sadie, born June 24. 1881, is at home: Edgar and Edward, twins, were born Xovemljer 12, 1882, and the former died August 28, 1898, but the latter is at home: Alma, born August 15, 1888, Clarence E., born May i, 1893, and Phoebe C, born June 21, 181)5, are all at home. After his marriage Mr. Beaver came to the farm which the famil\- now enjoy and occupy. It consists of four hundred and forty-nine acres of rich land, with a most attractixe residence, commodious barns anfl accommodations for large herds of hig'h grade stock, Mr. Bea\-er making a specialty of shorthorn cattle. .Ml of his grain raised on the farm is fed to cattle and hogs. In politics he is a .stanch Republican, and he and his wife are among the leading mem- bers and supporters of the Methodist church. r.I':.\"JAMIX F. GARDXER, M. D. One of the oldest practicing physicians and highly esteemed citizens of the state of Illinois is Benjamin F. Gard- ner, who is one of a famil}- of twelve chil- dren born to Rodman and Mar\- ( W'orstell ) (Gardner. The father of (jur subject was born in .\ew" ^'ork state and went to Ohio when a child. There he grew to manhood, following the life of a farmer. His death occurred in that state in 1865 and the mother died in i88r. During the war of 1812 he served his country faithfully, de- fending the stars and stripes until hostili- ties ceased. 6o8 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Dr. (iardner was bcirn cm the ukl Imnie- .-ttad in Brown connty. Ohiu. June jj. iBiS, and his Iwvhood days were spent in attend- ance at tlie cummoai schciols. ^^'l^en a mere lad he learned the blacksmith's trade, and with his meager earnings suppurted his mother and sister, while he devoted his leis- ure time to the study of medicine. At the age of twenty he began his preparation for that profession tmder the directions of Dr. Xorris, of Cincinnati, graduating from his institution and from the Ohio Eclectic ^led- ical Institute of the same city in the year of i860. Prior to his graduation he prac- ticed for some twenty years, serving four- teeen years in the profession at ^^'aynesville, Ohio, four years at St. Louis, ^lissnnri, and one vears at .\lt., in the class of 1898. In the fall and winter of i88fi and 1887 he taught school near Lincoln, and after graduating from Cumberland Cniversity he taught school in La- tham during. 1891 and 1892, when he w;is admitted to the bar and began the \n-dc- tice of his profession at Decatur, Illinois. After a few months he returned to Lathaiu, and ;i])out 1898 became interested in the grain business, which he has carrietl on quite e\tensi\-ely in addition to the practice of his profession. Mr. Gasaway is a man of great ability : is a true student of human nature, and bases his judgments upon his own in- formation gleaned from his clients and wit- nesses themselves. The true lawyer is born, ni t made. The natural and irresistalile bent of his mind was in the direction of the legal prcfessio-n. Init he readily accejjted close ap- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 6ii plication and constant study, as well as Iiard work as iiut a natural part of the prep- aration to aid him (inward and upward. On December 28, 1886, Mr. Gasaway was married to Miss Mary E. Bentley, of Logan county, a daughter of George R. and Sarah J. ( Kretzinger) Bentley. Of the family born to this union five are still li\"- ing. namely : Edwin Lee, born in Latham ; Walter Dean : Paul Revere : Ansta Jean- nette; and Mary E. From boyhocd I\Ir. Gasaway has been an ardent advocate of the ]M-inciples of De- mocrac}-, and while not on office-seeker, he has been called upon to respond to the de- mands of his party upon his time and abil- ity. His political honors ha\e been many and to the gift of each he has added the lustre of his learning, the value of his in- \incible integrity, sound wisdom and inde- fatigable devotion to duty. In addition to holding all of the minor offices of the citv, lie is now serving as mayor of Latham, and under his wise, judicial administration the cit}' lias de\'eliipe(l in a remarkable degree and the tax payers ha\e been given a clean government free from party corruption. They have the satisfaction of knowing that the office of the chief executive of their citv is tilled by a man whose entire record is without a blemish and whose abilities are such as to enable him to discharge the oner- ous duties pertaining to such a position. Socially Mr. Gasaway is a charter mem- ber of Latham Lodge. Xo. 853. A. F. & .\. AI., in which oriler he now holds the po- sition of Senior Warden, and he is also a member elf Alount Pulaski Chapter, No. 121, R. A. M., Mount Pulaski Command- ery, Xo. 39, K. T. In addition Mr. Gas- away is a member of the Knights of Pyth- ias, he having been connected with this or- der since he was twenty-one, and has passed all the chairs and represented the lodge in the Grand Lodge. He is also a member of t!ie Modern W'oo'lmen of America. Mr. (jasaway and his famih- reside in a beau- tiful home, which he has erected, and are surrounded b\- all the comforts of life. The success which has attended Ins efforts illu- strates what can Ije accomplished by stead- last efforts and untiring industry, combined with great natural ability. P. J. TELFER. Among the worthy and prominent citi- zens of Logan county is P. J. Teller, who resides on the farm on which he was born in Elkhart township, X'ovember 21, 1856. He was a son of John and Emeransa ( Pot- ter) Telfer, the former of wdiom was born in Dumfries-shire, Scotland, and the latter in Cortland county, Xew Yurk, their meeting and marriage take place in Elkhart town- shi]). Logan county. Illinois, in 1855. John Telfer, the father of our subject, entered one hundred and sixty acres of gov- ernment land and bought an addditional one hundred and sixty acres, adding still more land as time went on until he posessed four hundred and sixty acres in this township and three hundred and sixty acres in Will- iamsville township. Sangamon county. Mr. Telfer was a life-long Democrat and held the greater number of the local offices, serv- ing his township with exceeding good judg- ment and unflinching integrity. His death, which occurred March 8. 1889, left a va- cant place in the Presbyterian church as well as in his home. He was buried in the old W'illiamsville cemetery. The mother of our subject still survives, and makes her home with a daughter in W'illiamsville township, Sangamon county. 6l2 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. P. J. Telfer was tlie eldest in the family of seven children, the others being as fol- lows: ]\Iary. who married George A. Hob- kirk and resides in ^^'illiamsville township, Sangamon connt y : Altheda, who died at the age of three years; Jessie, who was the wife O'f William Thompson, a resident of Sangamon connty, and died in 1886; Bram- ble, who died at the age of two years ; Em- ma, who died at the age of two years; and Thomas A., who married Alasey Cooper and resides in Seward county, Nebraska. Our subject obtained his education -n the l^mith scliool-house, now known as the Prairie Seminary, in W'illiamsville town- ship. Sangamon count}-, where he continued his studies until the age of eighteen, remain- ing at home until the time of his marriage, whicli took place October ii, 1883, in Elk- hart township, Logan county. His bride Avas Miss Lillie J. Holjkirk, who was born at Mt. Pulaski. Illinois, December'jj, 1864. and is a daughter of William Hobkirk. a native oi Pebbleshire, Scotland, where he was born June 9, 1H24. The mother of Mrs. Telfer was .\nn 1 Rae) Hobkirk, whn was born ]\Iarch 10. 1830, in Dumfries, Scotland. The parents came to America while young and were married in Xew York city June 12, 1836. The folknving year they removed to Illinois, the father being engaged as overseer of the Mt. Pulaski nur- sery. In 1870 Air. Hobkirk removed to Elkhart township and settled on a farm, where he remained until the death of his be- loved wife, August j8, 1891, liroke up liis home, and he then came to \We with our subject and wife, dying here August 16, 1899. Both parents are buried in the Alt. Pulaski cemetery. In his political sympath\- he was a stanch Republican, and a Presbv- terian in religious belief. Mrs, Telfer was one of a familv of se\-en children, as follows: George, who married Mary Telfer, the sister of our sub- ject, and resides in Sangamon county; Em- ma, who married John Dolvin and resided in Spencer, Iowa, until her death, December 13, 1883; Lillie J., who is the wife of our subject; and four who died in infancy. The children born to Air. and Airs. Tel- fer were: One liorn Decerr.ber 28, 1886, died in infancy: William J., born September -'4, 1888, and Emma R., born Alarch 4, 1891, are l)oth in school, and are most prom- ising students. After his marriage Air. Telfer came tO' the farm he now occupies and formed a partnership with his father, which continued until the time of the latter's death. He is a large land owner, possessing three hun- dred and twenty acres of land on sections and 7, I'Llkhart township, and here he has been long engaged in raising high-grade cattle for market purposes. He is well pre- ];ared for his extensive farming and stock operations, ha\"ing commodious barns and sheds, granaries and impro\-ed staliles ar- ranged in such a way as to be healthy and sanitary, and he has sold thousands of dol- lars worth of cattle. Air. Telfar also owns one hundred and si.xty acres of land in Kearney county, Nebraska, but takes the most interest in the breeding of horses, cat- tle and hogs, believing that the best is none too good. He breeds PVrcheron horses, the rjoted "Bagarette" being at the head of his stud. His cattle are of the Holstein breed and his hogs are Poland Chinas. At one time Air. 'i'elfer owned the greatest milch cow in the world ; by test she gave eleven and ;i second ceremonv was perfornieil which united Mr. Harris in marriage with .Mrs. Alary Ann Jnhnsriest, Decemher 12. 1858, in St. Joseph's CatJiedral at Buffalo. Xew York, by the Right Re\'. John Timon, D. D., who was at that time bishop of Buffalo. After spending se\eral _\'ears in missionary work- in western Xew York, Father Tuohv came to Illinois in 1875, and took charge of the Catholic church at Macomb, McDonough county, where he remained until transferred to Lincoln in 1 S7S. He continued his pas- toral \v(jrk here until his death, which oc- curred Feliruarv u. 1901. On the iJth of Decemlier, 1883. Father Tuoln- celebrated his silver jubilee, it l>eing the twentv-fifth anni\-ersarv of his ordina- tion to the priesthood, and on that auspicious occasion was the recipient of an address and several valuable presents from the members of his congregation. He was untiring in Ids work for the churcli. and was a man highly esteemed l)y all. regardless of creed. PHILLIP H. OYLER. ^.L D. The successful phx'sician is not he wh.i has a broad and comprehensive knowledge of the ])rinciples of medicine. biU lie who has the ability to accurately apjily his knowl- edge to the needs of suffering humanity. Many a man is \-ersed in principles who does not pass beyond the mediocrit}- in his Avork. owing to the lack nf quickness of perception and of power to anticipate re- sults, but Dr. Oyler does not belong to that class. He is wideh' acknowledged to be one of the most skillful and able ph}'sicians and surgeons of Mount Pulaski and the sur- rounding country and therefore enjovs a large patronage. A nati\e of Pennsyhania, the Doctor was born in Carlisle, October 13. 1846, a son of George and Sarah (Hickman) Oy- ler. 1 lis paternal grandfather, (ieorge Oyler, was a native of England, and on coming to the Lhiited States located in Baltimore, Ahn-yland, where his son, George Oyler, Jr.. was born in 1809. He became a car- penter and Ijuilder by trade, following that occupation for man\- years. He married Sarah Hickman, who was born in Pennsyl- \ania in 1816, a daughter of Philip Hick- man. Both Mr. and Mrs. Oyler, the par- ents of the Doctor, continued to reside in the Ke\'stone state until called to the home be\-iind. the father d\'ing in his eigthv- fourth years, the mother in the se\enty-sec- ond year of her age. Dr. 0\ler is the sixth of their eleven children, all of whom reached adult age. He acquired his early education in Carlisle, Pennsyhania. In 1862 he offered his ser- vices to the goxernment at \\'ashington and thence on until the close of the war served in many capacities in lieu of the soldier, ac- ce])ting all the hardships au'l privations of the enlisted men. He was first with the Army of the Potomac; was subsecpiently with (ieneral (irant until the army arri\ed within sixteen miles of Richmond: and still later was with the di\ision of the armv in the Shenandoah \ alley. ,^^t the time of President Lincoln's assassination he was in Frederick Cit\'. Marxland. on his wav to \\ ashington. D. C where he r^-eived an honorable discharge from the government. For his services he received from thirty- h\e to fortv-two dollars per month. .\t the close of the war Dr. Oyler began the studv of medicine with Dr. Keifer, of DR. P. H. OYLER. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 617 Carlisle. Pennsylvania, and later in nrder to meet his expenses while preparing for his profession, he went to Indianapolis, Indi- ana, in 1867. and engaged 'v^ the manufac- ture of the Sarxen patent buggy wheel, by which means he accumulated o\-er three thousand dollars. He then resumed the study of medicine in connectidU with the drug trade. Later he entered the Louis- ville :\Iedical College of Louisville. Ken- tucky, where he was graduated in the class of 1878. but this did not end his research in the the field of medicine. He has always Iieen a close student, reading many medical j(jurnals and text books, and in 1892 he pursued a post graduate course in the Poly- clinic College of Chicago, and in the spring of 1901 he took a complete course in the Philadelphia Post-Graduate School. Re- turning to :\Iount Pulaski, where he had first located in 1878. he resumed the active prac- tice of his profession and has easily main- tained a position in the foremost ranks of the medical fraternity here, for he is well versed in his chosen calling and his efforts have l^een attended by excellent results. The Doctor is surgeou for both divisions of the Illinois Central Railrr.ad passing through Mount Pulaski. He has a large and well appointeil office and has recently equip- ped commodious cjuarters in \\hich any pa- tient counected with the railroad service may receive the best care after meeting with an accident. In Xovemlier. 1868. at Indianapolis. In- diana. cKCurred the marriage of Dr. Oyler and Miss Sarah J. Westover. a daughter of Jonathan M. and ^Nlary ( Hean ) West- over, the former a native of Xew York, and the latter of England. The Doctor and his wife have three children: Harry S.. ■who is mentioned lielow : Bessie Lee and JMav Irene. In affairs pertaining to the city"s wel- fare Dr. 0}ler takes a deep interest and for a number of years he rendered effective service in liehalf of Mount Pulaski as a member of the city council. During his term of office he did the preliminary work and got the water works established. He is a prominent Mason, being connected with Mount Pulaski Lodge, of which he was master three years, and which he repre- sented in the grand lodge of the state the same length of time. He is also a mem- ber of Mount Pulaski Council and Mount Pulaski Chapter. R. A. M.. of which he wa;J high priest three years, and was on the credential committee of the grand chapter in 1901. He h.as served as eminent commander of Mt. Pulaski Com- manderv. Xo. 39. K. T.. and has represented it in the grand cmnmandery of the state three years. For many years he has also been trustee of the Masonic building of Mount Pulaski. In the line of his profes- sion the Doctor has various memljership re- lations, belonging the Central Illinois Med- ical Society : the International Railway Sur- o-eons Association: the American Medical Association: the Misisssippi Valley Medi- cal Society ; and the State Medical Society, of which he was for one years first vice- president, a fact which indicates his high standing in the profession. Close applica- tion, thorough study and a deep interest in his calling from the humanitarian stand- p,,i„t— these are the salient features in his enviable success. HARRY SCHUYLl'R OYLER. ^1. D. Dr. Harry Schuyler Clvler. who has recently become a member of the medical fraternity of Logan county was born in 6i8 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Indianapolis. Indiana. I'Jeceinlier j6, 1870. and is a son of Dr. Piiillip H. and Sarali J. (\Vesto\'er) Ovler. a siorn in Pike county, Ohio, in 1848, but was living in Logan county, Illinois, at the time of their marriage. Eight children blessed this imion, namelv : Elizal:)eth. Martha, Mary. Minnie, Ethel, and Edith and Edie, twins; and William Tecumseh, who died in in- fancy. They are jjeing educated in the C(3mmon schools. Mr. Shaw gives his support to all church and charitable work, and is an honored member of Leo ^^'. Myers Post, No, 285, G. .\. R., and the Union Veteran Union of Lincoln. Politically he is a Repulslican, but in liical affairs supports the men best (|ualified to fill the offices, regardless of jiarty lines. He has never sought political ])referment. though he held the ofifice of school director many years, and has always taken a commendable interest in public afi'airs. In years of peace, no less than in those of war, he has bravely performed his duty, and is justly entitled to a place in the nation's roll of honor. XAXKE HARMS. Xanke Harms, a leading, influential and wealthy farmer residing on section 2. Prairie Creek township, has been a resident THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 6211 of Logan cnuntv for more than a tliird of a centurx', and during this period he has risen from a humble financial [xisitinn to^ one of affluence. Brooking no obstacles that cnuld be overcome through determined and earn- est efifort. he ha.s steadily advanced toward the goal of prosperity, and his fine farms are now the \isible exitlence of his actixe and useful career. Mr. Harms is a native of Germany, burn Ai)ril 14. 1S44. and laie of the five children of Harm and Tina ( Rademaker ) Harms, who were also nati\-es of the same cuiintr)-, whence they came to .\merica about iSjj. settling in Or\il township, Logan county, Illinois, w litre the father spent his remain- ing davs in honorable retirement from la- l)or. He died in Emden in 1884, and his widow is still li\-ing in that town, at the ripe old age of eighty-five \ears. Their children were Nanke; Ella, who is the will- ow of D. Erns. and resides in Iowa; Flaka, wife of H. Klokkeiiga : Mattie. wife of George Klokkenga, of Eminence township; and Katie, wife of John Conrade, of Mis- souri. Like the other children of the famih', Nanke Harms pursued his education in ac- cordance with the laws of the fatherland, and for a year and a half he ser\-ed as a sol- dier in the (ierman army, participating in a battle on the 27th of June. i8(>f). In early life he learned the carpenter's trade, and fol- lowed that pursuit in (iermanx- imtil 1866, when, at the age of twenty-two, he crossed the briny deep to the new world and came at once to Logan county. Renting a room in a farm house in I'rairie Creek townshi]), he then worked at the carpenter's trade for a year, and all of the first houses upon the Scully land were built Ijy him. Settling on a farm north of lunden, he broke the .SculK' land and there remained for ten \ears, after which he purchased a farm in the southern part of the township, on sections 13, 14, 2^, and 24. Tliere he was successfulh- engaged in farming for eighteen years, and on the exi)iration of that period removed to his present farm in 1895. Here on section 2, Prairie Creek township, he owns one hun- dred and sixty acres of richly de\eloped land, and has three hundred and twentv acres in other farms and a quarter of .sec- tion of laiul in Tazewell county. He car- ries on general farming and stock raising, and to some e.xtent he has worked at the carpenter's trade, a number of buildings in the county standing as monuments to his skill and handiwork in that direction. .\s a farmer he has met with splendid success, following the most approved methods of .agriculture, so that his fields ha\'e lieen \-ery jiroductive. while his stock have lieen an eipially profitable source of income. Alto- gether he owns six hundred and forty acres of fine land. Ere leaving the fatherland Mr. Harms was united in marriage to Miss Ella Albers. a nati\-e of (lermany, and unto them were born six children : Harm, who married .\nnie Dierks and is li\'ing upon a part oi his father's old farm in Prairie Creek town- ship: Giek. who wedded Mary Rademaker and is li\ing in Tazewell countv : Klaas. at home: Tina, a resident of Delavan : Katie, who is also li\ing in Delavan: and Ehme, at home, 'idie mother died in March. 1885, and for his second wife Mr. Harms chose Miss Hannah Mattheessen, of (jermain-, a daughter of \\'illiam Mattheessen. who died in (iermau}'. Two childre'; hav^e lieen liorn of the second marriage: Chrisdija and Willie. lloth Mr. and Mrs. Harms are consist- ent members of the (ierman Lutheran church of h'mdeii, and in politics he has lieen '62 2 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. a stalwart Democrat since becdniing a nat- uralized citizen. For several }-ears he has .ser\-e(l as school director, was county com- missioner for three years, and for ten years lias ser\-ed as township assessor, being the incumbent of the office at the present time. When he arrived in Logan county he had only ten dollars in his pocket. He pos- sessed, howcA-er, a resolute spirit, strong de- termination and a willingness to work, and such cjualities are the foundation of success. As the years have rolled by he has contin- uallv added to his possessions until he is now numbered among the more substantial aericultin-ists of the crimmunit\'. ja:^jes beaver. .\mong the pioneer settlers and leading citizens of this county no one was more thoroughly identified with its agricultural interests than was James B»aver, who de- parted this life November lo, iScjh. A man of sterling integrity, of public sjjirit and ])ro- nounced activity, Logan county lust in him one of her best citizens. Mr. Beaver was born in Ohio, January 9, 1820, and he was a son of Michael and Sarah Beaver. On August 18, 1843, he was united in marriage to Miss Nancy Shas- teen, who was born in Ohiij, [March 17, 1823. In 1847 lie ^"cl his family decided to remove to Illinois and occupy some of the rich lands which were being settled upon in I-'uUcin county. Leaving their Ohio h(ime. the^• took a boat at Portsmouth and sailed down the Ohio river until they reached its junction with the Mississippi, then up that ni>l)le stream until they reached the Illiudis. and also up that river to the point known as Copperas Creek, an uncle lieing located in this vicinity. Soon Air. Bea\'er l:)egan farming opera- tions, renting a farm and three horses from his uncle, Lewis Beaver, near Fairview, in Fulton county. Here in the wilds of this great prairie state he boldly and courage- ously liegan pioneer life. His agricultural implements were of the crudest kind, the harness of his horses, even, being fashioned by himself. His plow was a "Diamond pl(.)w," one well known tO' farmers of the localit}- at that date. f )ne year later Mr. Beaver rented a saw- mill on Copperas creek of a man named Mongrel, and for two years he very success- fully managed this mill, returning then to farming on some land rented from John G. Graham, located two and one-half miles north of Canton, Illinois, and remained there for two years, after which he removed to Logan county. His first farm in this county was one owned Ijy Alvin Barnes, southeast of Middletown, and one year later he took charge of the farm known as the Judge Blackledge Lynn Grove farm, later ]iurchasing the property upon which he spent the remainder of his life. Mr. Beaver became the owner of ex- tensive tracts of land, which at his death A\ere (li\ided among his children. He ciwned one section on Sugar Creek, in Sheridan townsbijj; nine hundred and forty- nine acres in Corwin township; one-half section in Thayer county, Nebraska ; one hundred and sixty acres in Burt county, Ne- braska ; three hundred and fourteen acres in \\'est Lincoln township: and seventy acres in Broadwell township, this county. Althongh Mr. Bea\'er was a most con- scientious citizen and a leading member of the Republican part}', he could ne\er be in- duceil tt) accept public office, remarking that he had enough of his own business to more than occupy his time, and to make it neces- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 623 sary to obtain assistance, and he would leave office-holding to those who could properly attend to such duties. He was a great cat- tle raiser and dealer. belicN'ing this ])ranch of his lousiness paid best. In the Methodist church he was recognized as one of the most valued members, as he was one of the most liberal contributors. The children born to Mr. Beaver and wife were as follows: Azariah W., who first married Eliza Preston, aiul second, America Hickey, resides upon a farm in Sheridan township: Edward, who married JMatilda Lynson, resided in Illinois until 1891 and then remoNcd with his family to Nebraska, where his first wife died and he married Ryldia Waters, and they now are residents of Red Oak, Iowa: Syrildia died at the age of two years; Se}-niour H., \\\v> married Elizabeth Lynson, resides on a farm in West Lincoln township: James and Nancy, twins, died at the age of one year ; Thomas N., who married Jennie lanson, resides on a large farm in Corwin township: U. S. Grant died in infancy : and \\'illiam S., who married Anna Shultz, resides on a farm in Corwin township, all of the sur- vivors being among the prominent residents of their respecti\-e localities antl worthy rep- resentati\-es of an honored family. ZENO K. \\OOD. Among the grain dealers of Logan county few have been hinger connected with the Ipusiness than Zeno K. \\"ood, of Mt. Pulaski, an enterprising and reliable busi- ness man, whose progressive spirit, acti\-ity and determined purpose have enabled him to rise to a position of financial success. He was born in \\'est Yarmouth, Massa- chusetts, September 29, 1841, and is a son of Zeno and Sarah (^Crowell) ^Vood, both representatives of old and honored families nf the old Bay state, which were of \\'elsh origin. Se\eral oif his paternal ancestors were masters in the merchant marine. Our suljject is of the se\-enth generation of the Crowell family in America, and among his ancestors were numbered soldiers of the Revolutionary war. The original spelling of the name was Crowie. The father of our subject was born in Massachusetts in 1809, and for some years was captain in the mer- chant marine and also of a whaling vessel out of New Bedford, but he at length aban- doned a sea-faring life and turned his at- ■ tention to merchandising in New Bedford. Zeno' K. ^^'■ood, whose name introduces this re\iew, spent his boyhood days in South Yarmouth, and there he began his educa- tion, which was continued at New Bedford and completed by graduation at the New Bedford high school. He had not yet at- tained his majority when the countrv be- came engaged in ci\-il war. but with patri- otic spirit aroused l)y the attempt of the south at secession, he offered his ser\-ices to the Union cause, enlisting in July, 1862, as a member of Company A, Forty-first Massachusetts \'(>Iunteer Infantry, which was afterward changed to the Third Massa- chusetts Ca\-alry. He was mustered oiit in June, 1864, to accept a second lieutenancy in the First New Orleans Volunteer In- fantr)-, which he assisted in raising, and was later promoted to first lieutenant and ad- jutant of the regiment. During one year of his service he was on the staff of Alajor Gen- eral T. W. Sherman, as acting assistant ad- jutant general and aide-de-camp. He was honorabl)' discharged from the L'nited States service at New Orleans, June i, 1886, his services l)eing no longer required. 624 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Soon afterward .Mr. Wood went to Xew York cit\- and from there t( Chicago, Ilh- nois, where he entered tlie ser\'ice of the Chicago. Burlingtiin & (Jnincy Raih'oad Company, remaining in the freight audli- tor"s office for about twelve months. On the expiration of that time he changed the field of his labors, liecoming cnnnected with a cattle ranch in Kansas. 'I"he year 1875 \vitnes.sed his arrival in Logan county, where he has since made his home. Lo- cating in Latham, he engaged in the grain Ijusiness, personally superintending his in- terests there until 1881. when he came to ]\[t. Pulaski. Here he established himself in the same line, also continuing his grain business in Latham, where he is associated with Peter ^^Luis. a resident of that place. Mr. Wood erected a good elevator at Mt. Pula.ski, where his office is also located and where he spends most of his time. He is one of the oldest grain dealers of the county in vears of continuous connection with the trade here, and his business has increased to large proportioiis, his annual shipments being very extensive. Mr. W'ood married I\liss Sarah J- Chase, a daughter of Harvey and Sarah J. ( Wood- i)ur\- ) Chase, and a nati\e Wellington. Kansas, where he established a general store, which he successfully con- ducted for ten years, but eventually he sold out and went to California, where he resided five \ears, being engaged in the real estate business. On the expiration of that period he returned to his old home in Mt. Pulaski, where he has since lived practically retired, his attention being given to no active busi- ness affairs, save the management of his property. On the 13th of April, 1856, occurred the marriage of Mr. Capps and iliss Mary Eliza Bush, of Peoria. Illinois, who was born in ^It. X'ernon. Ohio, February 10. 1837. Her father, George Bush, \\ht) was an ex- tensive farmer, died there, and later her mother came to Pekin, Illinois, where she remained until her death, in 1840. Mr. and ilrs. Capps have four children, of whom Arthur Thomas is the eldest. Anna is now the widow of Dr. \\'. S. Mendenhall, wh<-. was a wealthy and prominent physician. Of the five children born to them the two still living are Scott, who is now attending the ^Morgan Park preparatory school with the intention of entering Rush Medical College : and Paul, who lives with his grandparents. ^Minnie J., the second daughter of our sub- ject, is now deceased. She was the wife of Mr. Guthrie, a prominent lawyer of Grand Forks, North Dakota. Herbert X., resid- ing in Mt. Pulaski, is married and has one son. Edward L. Such, in brief, is the life record of Oli- \ er T. Capps, who through many years has been actively interested in the welfare of ]\It. Pulaski and has ever borne his part in its progress and improvement. He is known to the majority of the old settlers as well as to the more recent arrivals, lielonging to one of the honored pioneer families of the county. His life, honorable and upright, has gained him uniform re- spect, and no history of Logan county would be complete without the record of his life. WILLIAM \\'. SIMPSON. Among those whose labors have en- abled them to reach the goal of prosperity, and, therefore, now live in retirement after rears of active association with the business world, is A\'illiam \\'. Simpson. He has a wide acquaintance among the people of Em- den and Logan county and enjoys the high regard of all with whom business or social relations have brought him in contact. He was born January 14, 1837, while his parents, A\'illiam and Annie (Leittle) Simpson were at sea. The father was a na- tive of England, the mother of Scotland, and in the former country they were married, yU-. Simpson there occupying responsible positions as manager of two woolen mills and two cotton factories. His time was thus occupied until 1836, when he sailed for America. The year following he brought his family to the new world and they Ich cated in Rhode Island, but only remained there a short time, going thence to New- bur vport. where the father worked in woolen factories. He was employed in a similar 630 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. capacity in Lowell, Massachusetts, and af- ter five years thus passed, im account of fail- ing health he renmved westward, in 1843, coming at once to Logan county, Illinois, where he jMUThased eighty acres of land on what is known as the old Delavan Prairie in Eminence townshi]). At that time there was not a house hetween his home and the village of Delavan, fourteen miles distant. From the government yir. Simpson entered more land and at once hegan making im- provements upon the ijropert}'. At the time of his arrival he knew nothing of farming. but practical experience soon taught him the best methods of tilling the soil, and with a fair degree of success he carried on agri- cultural jjursuits until his death, which oc- curred in iSjo. He was a very stanch Democrat, and always stood firmly by his principles in e\ery regard. His wife died in ]88runer and a resident of Nebraska; Martha, who is the widow of Henry Musick and makes her home in Kan- .sas; Hannah, wife of l'. .\. Musick, of Woodford county, Illinois; Thomas J., now of, Northport, Missouri; and William W. Those deceased are Ellen, who married James Phillips, Imt both ha\e now passed awa\- ; Da\id. who died at sea; Thomas; and Mary E. .\tl were educated in the common schools except T. j.. who attended the college at Em-eka. Illinois. After putting aside his text-l)ooks Will- iam W. Sim]>sr,n liegan farming in West Lincc-ln township, where he rented a farm fcr two \'ears, and cluring his residence there he married Miss Lenora French, of New York, a daughter of John French, of that state, 'Sirs. Simpson died August 22, 1872, They were the parents of two chil- dren : Annie M., the deceased wife of Charles R. Bowles, of Orvil township ; and 'i'homas O., who married Annie Jacobs and resides in Emden. In 1873 ]\lr. Simpson was iigain married, his second uniou lieing with Mrs. Jennie ( Skirben ) Sheets, the widow of Andrew J. Sheets, of Orvil town- ship. Mrs. Simi>son was killed in a run- away accident April 22, 1892. leaving two children of the second marriage; Walter !•"., who married a Miss Sampel and resides in luuincnce townshiii; ami Charles II., who is living in Emden with his father. .\fter his first marriage Sh. Simpson followed farming, Ijut when the war broke (-ut mid the need of more men was stnmgly felt, he enlisted, .\ugust i, 1862, in Com- pany E. One Hundred and Sixth Illinois \'c;lunteer Infantry, under Colonel Latham and Captain Beesley. The company took part in no engagements of any importance and Mr. Sim])son was never injured. He was discharged at Pine Blufif, Arkansas, lul\- 12, i8;)5. Returning home, he pur- chased another fariii six miles east of Em- den in Or\il townshi]^, and there he and his sons carried on agricultural pursuits until if'^Q^^. when he sold his projjerty antl came to Emden, purchasing a residence in the eastern part of the \illage, where be has since lived retired. His enterprise and in- dustr\- as ht- tilled his fields and har\-ested his crops brought to him a handsome com- petence, and he is now one of the substantial citizens of tlie communit\-. In his [jolitica! \iews he is a Democrat, and takes a deep in- terest in the (piestions of the day, keeping well informed thereon. For one term he served as constable in Orvil township and for three terms has been alderman of Em- den. For fovn-teen vears he has been school I THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 631 director in liis district, and in these posi- tions, as in other offices wlTicli he has filled. he has discharged his dnties with marked fidelity and promptness. He belongs to the Grand Army Post of Armington. Illinois, and is a member of the Christian church of Emden. in which he has held the office of deacon. His life has been upright, his ac- tions honorable and sincere, and he is widely and faynrably known in the county where the greater part of his years haye been passed and where he is often spoken of as "Uncle Billy" — a term of affectionate re- gard. JOHX H. LONG. Among the successful and prosperous farmers of Corwin township. Li^gan count}', Illinois, is John H. Long, wdio was born in Ohio', I\Iay 8, 1847, and is a son of John and Bertha Long, also nati\-es of the Buck- eye state. The parents were married in Ohio and resided there on a farm until 1853. Ayhen they remoyed to Illinois and settled on a rented farm near Elkhart, in Corwin township. Logan county, .\fter two years they bought eighty acres, which the father brought to a high state of culti\ation. Being a thrifty, energetic man, at the time of his death he had accumulated two hundred and twenty-fijur acres of land, which he left to his heirs. He died Xoyember 3, 1891. at the age of eighty-four years, and was buried in Eyans cemetery, Corwin township. His wife died about 1871. They had a faniil}- of nine children, as follows : Sarah, who \yas the wife of Albert Barrick, and both are now deceased: Har\ey, who married 2^Iary Lewis, and both are also deceased ; Dayid, deceased, who married Delia' Kinney. who now resides in Broad well ; Wesley, who married Addie Harrison, and resides in -Vtlanta. Illinois; Nancy is the widow of Philip Richhart. and ivnv resides in Lincoln, Illinois; Ellen, deceased wife of Charles ^lorris. who resides near Keokuk. Iowa: John H.. our subject: An- nie, who married ^I. I. Burkett and resides near Keokuk. Iowa : and a son. who died in infancy. John H. Long, o-ur subject, attended the district school at Linn (jroye. Corwin town- ship, until he was eighteen }ears of age and then worked upon the farm, assisting his father. He remained at home until he was twenty-si.x years old and then entered the liyery business at Atlanta, Illinois, where he remained four years, after which he re- turned to the homestead and for four years more managed the farm for his father. At this time he married, and for two years op- erated a rented farm, but his father needing his services, Mr. Long returned to the home- stead and lias resided here eyer since. Here he has a good farm of two hundred acres of fine land on sections 2j and 28. and he raises high-grade stock for the market in connection with his general farnung. His success is the result of his industry and hard work, and his prosperity is justly merited. On the 2d of Alarch, 1882, at West Lib- erty, Ohio, Mr. Long married ^liss Callie F. Van Meter, a daughter of John R. and Sarah (Powell) \'an Meter, both of whom were natives of Ohio. Her parents were married in Ohio and resided there until their deaths, the father l)eing engaged in farming. Mrs. Long was one of a family of si.x children, as follows: Jennie, who is single and resides with Mr. Long: Henry, who married Anna .Sieger and resides in ( )hio : Callie F.. who was born in Ohio and is now Mrs. Long: John, who married Effie Stout, now deceased, and resides in Ohio; 632 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Maggie, wlio married Charles Scott and re- sides in West Liberty, Ohio; and a son. who died in cliildhood. ;\ir. and Mrs. Long have two interesting chihh'en, namely : Jessie V. and Virgil C. In politics Mr. Long is a Repnblican, <'md has served his party as road commis- sioner for a nnmher of years and also as sch(X)l director, lie is a member of ^lyrtle Lodge. No. 470, 1. O. (). F., of :Middle- town. of which he is past grand. He has also served as trnstee of the lodge, and has represented it in the grand lodge of the state. Both he and his wife Imld membership in the Methodist T-'.piscopal church of Spring Bank, and he is one of the stewards in the same. They are highly respected in their localitv. and in their pleasant home are sur- rounded 1)\- an interesting family and many /riends. RE\\ THO^I.\S DANIEL KENNEnV. Rev. Eather Kennedy, pastor nf St. Pat- rick's church at l-"lkhart. was horn in New York, on the 16th cf h'ebruary, 1870, and is a son of John !'>. and Mary Rose ( Een- lon) Kennedy, bi:th natives of County Car- low, Ireland, the fnrnier hirn in 1830, the latter in 184-I. His father came to .\mer- ica in 1852 and settled in Cenexa, New York, and four years later his muther crossed the Atlantic with her parents and located in Auljurn, New ^'ork. The}' were married at Gene\a. l\Ir. Kennedv died in Rochester, that state, April 14, 1898, but his , wife is still li\ing and continues to reside in that city. They had a family of eleven children, eight of whcim are still living. During liis bovlKind Eather Kennedv at- tended the public schools of Waterloo, New York ; later was a student at the Sisters pa- rochial school in Auburn, New York; and next entered St. Charles Seminary at Elli- cott City, Maryland, where he was a student in 1885-6. He later attended St. Andrew's Seminary at Rochester, New York, from ]S86 to 1890, and St. Joseph's Provential Seminary at Troy, New York, from 1890 to 1892, taking a course in philosophy and theology. In the latter year he entered St. Marv's I'nixersity at Baltimore. Maryland, completing his sacred theological anil scrip- ture course in 1894. On the 2 1 St of June, 1894, Father Ken- nens at Baltimore, and was then ap- ])ointed secretary to Bishop Spalding at St. Mary's Cathedral in Peoria, Illinois, where he remained three months. He was ap- pointed hr,st assistant at Holy Trinity church, Bloomington, on the ist of Septem- ber, 1894, but October i, 1895, was recalled bv Bishop .S])alding as secretary to him and acting rector of the cathedral at Peoria, which positions he filled until July, 1897, when he was transferred to Lincoln as act- ing rectcvr of .St. Patrick's church. On the 1st of July, 1898, he was appointed rector of St. Patrick's church at Elkhart, St. Thomas Aijuinas church at Mt. Pulaski and St. Mary's church at Atlanta, and is still in charge of these three congregations. St. Patrick's church of Elkhart was es- tablished in 1856. Twice a year the Rev. Tiiomas Kennedy, of the Chicago^ diocese, made \isits here and said mass through the- central portion of the state. In 1857 the Kev. Eather Alaher, of Bloomington, came once in two months and said mass in John Bushel's house, which stood near where the Chicago &- Alton Railroad dq>ot is now li:cated. In i860 he Ijegan say- ing mass and administering the sac- raments in Mr. Rigney's house, which THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 635 stood then in Cillette's (jfove and af- terward was moved. In ierous and enter- prising farmers of Eminence township is the subject of this personal history, who was born March (i, 1848, and is a son of Ed- ward S. and Delia (Lindsey) Ewing, and 636 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. a grandson of Charles F. and ]\[ary Ewing. The grandfather was Ijurn in 1 79O and his wife in 1795. Both were natives of Ken- tucky, and in 1828 came to Logan county, HHnois. settling in what is now Eminence township. Charles F. Ewing was a man of considerable wealth and influence in the county at that time and became the owuer of fourteen hundred acres of land, all of which was in Eminence township. He ser\ed one term in the state legislature, be- ing sent there by the Whig ])arty. In dis- position he was retiring and after serving the people one term, he resigned. He was noted for his gener one of the leading German-born citizens ci Lf)gan county, and in his successful Inisiness career he has shown the characteristic thrift and enterprise of his race. Beginning with no capital except that acquired by his own industrw he has built u]) a large trade as a wholesale and retail dealer in liquors, and is also a successful coal ojierator. '638 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. A native (if tlie fatlieiiaiid, Mr. Olicamp was hiirn in Prussia, (ierniany, }.ta\- 31. 1833, and is a son of Tilnian and Margaret (Finman) Obcamp. who spent their entire lives as farming ]>eople in tliat enuntrw 'i'he fatlier surxived his wife and attained the ad- vanced age of eiglity-six years. Our su1j- ject spent his early life in the land of his birth, and acquired his educatinn in its pub- lic schools. He wi irked nn the home farm until he attained his majority and then re- sol\-ed to try his fortune on this side of the Atlantic. In 1853 JMr. Obcamp landed in New York, and went direct to Jacksonville, Mor- gan county, Illinois, working on a farm in that vicinity, for one year. During the years 1856 and 1857 he was an attendant in the state insane asylum at Jack.sonville. and later was coachman in a gentleman's famih- in that city. From i86o until i8()5 he was engaged in the bakery and confec- tionery business there, but finally sold out in r\Iav, 1 866, and came to Lincoln. Here 1ie embarked in the wholesale and retail liquor Inisiness, which he has successfully •carried on up to the present time. He was one of the principal organizers of the Citi- zens' Cnal and Mining Compau}'. nf Lin- ■coln, of which he is now treasurer and the ])rincii)al stnckholder. This enterprise has grown t( 1 lie (.me of the most vabialile indus- tries (if the citv, and furnishes employment to a large number of men. thereliy benefit- ing the place materially. ]\lr. Obcamp was married in 18(14. the lady of his choice being Aliss ]\Iary Clatl- ley, of Jacksonville, who was also born ui Germany and came to the United States "when four vears old. They ha\e a fam- ily of si.x children, namely: Emma, now the wife of Dr. G. Dennis; .\melia : ^\'ill- iam, superintendent of the office of the Citi- zens' Coal crompanv : Edward, who is als(T in the oflice : .Vnnie and Clara, both at h(ime. Politically Mr. Olicami) is a stalwart Democrat. In business affairs he has stead- il_\- prospered, and is now the owner of con- sideralile realty, including \aluable [iroperty in liusiness houses of Lincoln. On his arrixal in Jacksonx'ille he was not only without ca])ital, but was two' dtillars in debt, and the prosperity that has come to him is due entirel}' to his own industry and good management, which has enabled him to ac(|uire a C(jmfortable com])etence. HOX. JOSEPH .\. HORX. This well known and prominent attor- ney of ]\Ioiuit Pulaski is one of the ablest lawyers ])racticing at the Logan county br.r. A man of sound judgment, he manages iils cases with masterlv skill and tact; is a logi- cal reasoner and has a readv coiumand of English. ]Mr. Horn was born in Graham, .\lamance ctninty. North Carolina, May 13, 1848. and on the jiaternal side is of Scotch descent. The first of the Horn family to come to .Vmerica was his great-grandfa- ther, who was a nati\-e of Scotland. His grandfather. \\'illiam Horn, was born in that ])art of Orange countw North Caro- lina, which was set off and called Alamance county, and he married Jane Faddis, a na- tive of England. Davifl T. Horn, the father of our sub- ject, was born July 5. 18 14, on the farm in .Mamance county, N(^rth Carolina, where the birth of Joseph A. also occurred. After reaching manhood he served for twehe years in the state militia as first lieutenant in the company commanded by his brother. Captain .\. Horn, well known in Mount THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 639- Pulaski. In 1861, at the outlireak of the Civil war. both were offered commissions in the Confederate army by (loxernor Vance, of Xorth Carolina. In 1836 David T. Horn married ]\Iiss Jane H. Thomas, who was laorn in the same localit)-. Nn\-eml)er _>. 1813. and was a daughter of William and Millie (Stevens) Thomas, and a cousin ui Gen- eral Lorenzo Thomas. In March, i860, he brought his family to Illinois and located in Logan countv, Ijut in lir^hj removed to Brockfield, Missouri, where he made his home upon a farm until called tjecl supports the men and measures of the Re- jDublican party, but he never sought or cared for the honors or enmluments of political office. He is, ho\ve\er, one of the most popular and influential men of his commun- ity. Though conservati\e, he gives lil)er- ally to those in need, and is e\er ready to aid any enterprise for the public good. IRVING G. FIXFROCK. One of the prominent citizens of At- lanta is Dr. Irving G. Finfrock, who, ven- turing upon a new grciund to relieve the sufferings of his fellow-men, has proven that each day. we reach a higher plane ot wisdom in the relief of jjain. He is a son of Michael and Elizabeth (Cass) Finfrock, lieing cme of seven chil- dren. His father was uriginally from Pennsx'lvania, where, as a means of liveli- hood, he tilled the soil. In the fall of 1840 be moved to- DeW'itt county, Illinois, and located in W'aynesville, where he had the reputation of a successful farmer until his death in February, n^oo. The Imme farm is still conducted by the wiilnw. Our sul)ject was born in Sanganmn count}", Illinois, on the ^otli nf .Vugust, 18^3. His boyhood days were spent on his father's farm in attendance at the neighboring coun- try school. L'ptiu leaxing the farm he engaged in stock buving to a considerable extent for some five years, and being of a thrifty nature he accumulated suflicient means to emliark in the mercantile business in the state of Iowa. Me later entered the School of Osteopathv at Des Ab lines, and after finishing there took a com-se at the National School of Chicago. Dr. I'~infrock was united in marriage to Miss Jane Marvel, a daughter of James K. Marvel, of Wavnesville, Illinois. Five chil- dren have Ijrightened their home, being kn(jwn as Raup M., Leta L., L. Ruth, B. Cass and DeWitt L. The Doctor has a lucrative practice in DeW'itt county, in fact having so many calls upon his professional skill from the adjoin- ing count v that he finally opened a branch office there. Our subject and his wife take an active interest in the affairs of their little town, being devout members of the Metlmdist E])iscopal church. The former, in ix>litics, supports the Rei)ul)lican platform; he also Ijelongs to the Independent Order of Odd J'^llovvs. .\ (liictiir, abiive all, is a minister of mcrcv ; nn call ever comes in vain: no sufl'erer is turned frnm his door vvitlmut at least a kind word. .\DO. J. H.\RMSE\'. .\mong the enterjjrising farmers of Or- V il t, ]86o, and is .a son of Tonjes K. and \\ en- delke (Smith) Harmsen, also natives of Germanv . wlin came to this country in 1866. landing in Xew \'ork. From that city they went til I'ekin, Illinois, where they resided three vears, while the father pursued his trade of blacksmithing. Their ne.xt re- moval was to a farm near San Jose, Ma- son county, where he engaged in farming. They resided on that farm for one year, and then located on the farm where the father THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 645 and (lur subject still live, the good mother having died in February, 1897. In the family were five children, namely : Klaas. deceased: Ado J., our subject: Harim. de- ceased: Tonjes. a resident of Orvil town- ship: and Herman, deceased. All of the children were well educated either in Ger- many, Pekin. Illinois, or Logan county, as their ages permitted. The proi>erty on which our subject aiid his father reside was first settled by a man by the name of Barnum. and from liim they purchased one hundred and si.xty acres. All oi the impro\'ements upon the farm ha\c been made by them, and the neat, thrifty ap- pearance of the place shows conclusively that they thoroughly understand their chosen calling. They are successfull\- carrying on general farming and stock-rais- ing. Ado J. Harmsen \vas married in Febru- ar_\-, 1888, to Annie \\'rage. a nati\-e of Ger- many, and a daughter of Jolm W'rage. a blacksniith and farmer in Mason cnunty. Illinois, now deceased. Six children have l)een born ti) them, namely: Tonw John. Winnie. Fdward. Ruth and Walter, all at Imme. Mr. Harmsen is a Democrat in politics but has nexer been an office-seeker and di>es not desire to figure in public life. His wife is an earnest member of the (ierman Luth- eran church of Emden. The family is well knnwn and highly resjiected in this Incalitw THOMAS BREXXAX. The life of Thomas Brennan was such £s to ennoble any ct>mmunit\' and ti» ad- vance the best moral, intellectual and ma- terial interests thereof. For more than thirty-five years he was a familiar anil hon- ored figiu'e in the business and social life of Elkhart, and his death was an irrepara- ble loss to the village which had for so long regarded him as the personification of commercial integrity, true manliness and noble citizenship. Owing to an unflinch- ing industry and shrewd business ability he accumulated large worldly possessions, but one of the finest traits of his character was embodied in the fact that he never lost track of his early struggles, or never passed be- yond the ken of the ambitious Irish boy who started out in the world without a cent and overcame all ol)stacles with the ease of those wild feel themselves destined to fill an im- portant place in the world. From one who has looked well into the early traditions of the family it is learned that as far liack in history as A. D. 350 the Brennans were a mighty tribe in Coun- ty Carlow. Ireland, and held large posses- sions in this and adjoining counties in the southern part of the then kingdom of Ire- land. Originally Protestants, their motto was "Fidelit}-." and after they became Cath- olics, the sign upon their banner was "Thou Shalt Ciinc|uer." In the same country where the shineherd Saxons had been trodden un- der heel by the invading Xonnans, Thomas Brennan was born March 12, 1833, a son of Patrick antl Ann ( Burns) Brennan, also natives of County Carlo. In the same fam- ily Ijeside Thomas \vas : Bridget, who. with her husband. Patrick Welsh, is deceased, had eight children, and lived in Illinois; Sarah, first the wife of John White, and af- ter his tlecease the wife of John Doyle, lived at Iresdale. Illinois, and has one child bv her first, and two children l)y her second mar- riage: ^Iar\-, now deceased, was the wife if James Ryan, of Lincoln. Illinois, and was the mother of ten children: Matthew, \\hi> married Anna Shammesy. has nine children, and lives in .\lliance, Xebraska. 646 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. W'lien seventeen years of age ^Nlr. Bren- nan landed in New York, and was em- ployed by a firm in the city tor two years at five dollars a month, receix'ing also the privilege of attending school for one month each winter, for during the cold weather, when work was scarce, he received only his board for his services. After a similar ex- perience in X'ermont, he remo\'ed to Mich- igan and was employed by the M. S. E. Railroad for a time, his lines being next cast in Springfield, Illinois, which he reached March 4, 1854. In the western town he was \-ariously employed, his (iccupations in eluding li\'eryman, hotel butler, drayman, mail carrier, and bus dri\er, and l)y snnie strange and well remeinl)ered coincident he ser\-ed the illustrious Abraham Linc(j'ln. After a\ time he turned his attention to farming near \\'illiams\-ille, and liy impro\- in.g opjxirtunities unseen ])\- dthtrs managed to accumulate a little monev, principallv b\' planting twentv-fi\'e acres of corn with a hoe, the harvest of which yielded him se\- cnt_\" cents a 1)usbel. He also protitabh' ran a threshing machine in the neighborhood, and in fact turned his capable hand in many directions. After locating in I'"Jkhart he led a purely commercial existence, and. In' rea- son of the perse\-erance which luul brouglit much to the penniless emigrant \n:\ in \e\\ '^'ork, he succeeded as all such men do. On September 29, i8fii, Mr. Brennan married, in Elkhart, ]\Iary Ka\anaugh, the ceremony lieing ]5erformed b}- the I\e\-. Fa- ther Martin, at the residence of O. ^IcCabc. Mrs. Brennan was born in C'ount\- C'arlow. Ireland. March 17, 1845, ''"'' ^^^^^ the daughter of James and Catherine ( Mor- risey) Ka\'anaugh, also nati\es of that coun- ty. The parents were married in Ireland and came to .America in 1850, h\ing in Ab ])an\-. New ^'ork, for sex'en vears. The\' then came to Illinois and settled in what i.s. now Elkhart, biU which was then but a watering tank for the railroad. At the time they bought all necessities at Springfield,^ and about 1870 they remo\ed to Johnson county, Xeliraska, where they purchased three hundred acres of land, and where the father died ,\pril 26, 1889, his wife follow- ing him ten ilays later. He was a Democrat in politics, a memljer of the Catholic church, and respected and esteemed b}- all who knew him. To' this couple were born the follow- mg children; Jn he often employs as many as fifteen men. He is an e.xcellent workman, and always ct>n- scientiously fulfills his part of every con- tract. In 1872 :\Ir. Reeder married .Miss Ella Reed, of Flora. Illinois, a daughter of David and Sarah ( Munton 1 Reed. She was born in Clermont count}-, Ohio, and came west with her parents when young. Mr. and Airs. Reeder ha\-e eight children, four sons and four daughters, namely: Frank H., a farmer; Nettie, wife of George Welxster; Ernest, a telegraph operator of Joliet, in the employ of the Chicago & .\lton Railroad; Elifie. Grace, Charles Forest, Pearly F. and lames M., all at home. C. E. XIXE. The Emden Xews is one of Logan coun- t}-'s up-todate and progressive newspapers, which, in connection with the job depart- ment, is an enterprise (jf which the citizens of the thriving village of Emden should be prijud. The publication is a seven-column, four-page, all-home-print paper, and is issued weekl}- on Thursday. Its appearance is al- ways clean and bright, and the history and currents events of the city, surrounding communities and count}- are recorded in in- teresting style and good diction. It contains correspondence from all surrounding points of interest, advertisements that are attrac- tive and so well designed that thev are fol- lowed by other jiapers of the county, and in all, it is one of the brightest, newsiest and niost reliable papers in the county outside of the county seat. The editor ami publisher. C. E. Nine, certainly deser\-es an unlimited amount of credit for the energy, ambition and judg- 648 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. nient utilized in managing the publication so successfully under the hindrances and diffi- culties that generally attend the publication of a newspaper in a town of five liundred inhabitants. It is conceded and must be acknowledged that nothing snort o{ hust- ling", patience and perse\eranre can bring tn the publisher success. The people of the town and comnnmity should appreciate the enterprise anil encourage it with their sup- ]XTrt, for no one knows the amount of lalxir, tact and expense that is re(|uired to keep the institution on a firm basis and in run- ning order e.xcept one who has had the act- ual experience. Charles Etlward Xinc was born one and one-half miles northwest of Emden, near the northern boundary line of Logan coun- ty. April 28. 1878, and was reared at the home i)f his iiarents, Mr. and Mrs. Fleming Nine, situated on an eighty-acre farm in the northeastern ])ortion of Prairie Creek town- ship. Early in life the subject of this sketch manifested an interest in educational and public affairs, and improved everv oppor- tunity of obtaining knowledge and experi- ence in those avenues with marked success. After finishing the course at tlie home coun- try school. Pleasant Hill, he took a four years' course in the Delavan high school, and was graduated therefrom June 17. i8y8, with the "banner class,"" consisting of twen- ty-three members, being one of the three ex- cused from the final examinations. He also von highest grade on his graduation ora- tion, entitled. "The Evolution of Alind."' was selected as one of the eight to partici- pate in the graduation program, and in the delivery of his oration establislied a record as an orator. On August 8, 1898, he assumed entire control of the Emden Xews, which was es- tablished .\ugust I. 1895. From the time he entered the business the paper began to im- prove, and in a few months had to be con- \erted into an all-home-print local paper, in order to contain the business, and has con- tinued to prf)sper and grow in influence from that time forward. The editor has a large circle of ac(|uaintances, enjovs society — so much so that he has not yet taken unto him- self a better half, which fact necessitates the omission of his family history in this sketch. He is one among the few of his professiin who has no bad habits, and who cannot be mfluenced to depart from his early training and moral ]M-inciples, which is a qualitx- needed in more of our public men who mold public opinion and exert their influence over the communitv. The field coveretl by this paper is one of the best in the state for its size. Four miles southeast is a sister city — Hartsburg, whicii is a valuable assistance and support; east is the beautiful and rich country surrounding Bethel, Eminence and Armington : north are Boynton and Delaxan, in Tazewell coun- ty, which are \aluable contributaries ; south and west are the Prairie Creek, Harness and San Jose neighborhoods, all of which are interested in the happenings of the entire ccmmunity. The grain and stock market cannot be e<|ualed anywhere, and is largel}- the source of lunden's prosiieritv and growth in e\ery avenue. The Xews serxes as a valuable medium in heralding the jov- ful tidings far and near with freedom and generosity. The Xews has published two special editions that would have been a credit tO' a city of ten times the population. The first was a Fo'urth of July edition (i89t)). printed in national colors, was douljle in size and contained a full list of the l)ersonal and real estate property assess- ments of Orxil and Prairie Creek town- shi]js. besides the other appr<;;)riate patri- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 649 otic features. Tlie second was a Pan- Amer- ican Soiuenir Edition, under date of No- vember 14, double in size, printed on l)ook ])aper in red. wliite and blue, giving a tbrill- \ng account of the editor's visit at the Ex- position and Xiagara Falls, and also a full page account of the assassination of the late I^resident McKinlev. his funeral and burial, all of which has profuselv illustrated. The editor claims the distinction of be- ing the voungest editor in the countv, and entering the business younger than any edi- tor in the state. He is a voung man of good character, is a member of the Chris- tian church at Emden. has talent in nearly every line, and is a willing worker in and ])romoter of puljlic affairs; and it is fortun- ate that the pen. which is '"mightier than the sword."" is held antl guided by one who is fearless in representing the truth, which is and should be the purpose of the press and which should lie the motto of e\'er\- editor and publisher. RICH.ARI) M(3XXETT. This well-to-do and highlv respected farmer, residing on section 24, Eminence township. onl\- a short dist nice fr its com- m(']n schools for his educatioiial advantages. At the age i^f tweb.e years he left home and commenced working as a farm hand by the montli and was employed in that capacit\- when the C'i\il war br(3ke out. Prompted by a sjiirit of patriotism he enlisted in X'?c One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Volunteer lnfantr\", and ser\-ed with distinction for eighteen months, when on account of se- vere illness be was honorabh' discharged. Since the war Air. Alonnett has been en- gaged in farming with excellent results, and is to-day the owner i:f a fine farm of two bundre came here fri^ni Tennessee, and like most of the people who came from that state was n.oted for Ins hospitalitx' and genial man- ner. He died in Logan countv. Januarv 22. iSiji. Or.r subject and his wife had four children, nameh": Xancv. who was Ijorn in 1869 'I't' <1'^'1 ''1 ''^7,1- Laura 1!.. who was born February 3. 1873, and is now Mrs. I'rank Brewer: X'ellie (i., \vbo was born Februarx' 12. 1879, and is now the wife of H. C. Ouisenberrv. one of Eminence town- ship"s most progressi\-e farmers; and Es- tella. deceased. AFr. Monnett and his fam- ilv are members of the Christian church. 6so THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. and lie belongs to the (iraml Army of tho Republic and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. In his political affiliations he is a stanch Republican,, and is a man higlily respected and esteemed b\- all who know him. ♦-•-♦ J. T. WEBSTER, M. D. Dr. J. T. Webster, a popular and suc- cessful physician and surgeon of Atlanta, is a native of this state, burn in Roscoe, in June, 1849, •^'"•1 '^ '^ •''"'i "^ Peter E. and Laura (Tower) Webster. The father came originally from New Haven, Connecticut, and after folhiwing farming fnr some rears in Illinois, he remo\cd In Sparta, ^\'iscon- sin. where still carries on that nccniiation. In his family were eight children. Dr. W ebster olitained his primarv edu- cation in the ciiuntr\- schnnls near his bo\- hood home, but be later attended high schi 11 il and business college, graduating from both institutions. He began his busi- ness career as clerk in a gener.il store, and while thus employed commenced the studv of medicine. In 1873 he entered the drug department of the same store and remained there some si.x years, in the meantime con- tinuing his medical studies. He was en- gaged in the drug business on his i<\\n ac- count from 1882 until September, 1887, when he entered a medical college at Chi- cago, where be was graduatepe with the intention of visit- ing the hospitals of London, Liverpool, Glasgow and Edinliurg, in the interest of his ])rofession, spending three months ;ibracity the first two iron bridges were bmlt in his township, while many roads were graded and improved, and some new ones opened. Religiously Mr. Sams is a mem- ber of the Catholic church, having been con- firmed at the age of fourteen years at Lin- coln, Bishop Spalding officiating. JAMES W. HOWSER. Prominent among the successful agri- culturists of Orvil township is the gentle- man whose name introduces this sketch, his home being on section 2. He is a native of Logan county, l)orn in Eminence township, 'Slay 16, 1840, and is the only child liorn to Solomon and Nancy ( Hawes) Howser, though by a former marriage to iSIary Bix- ler the father had three children, all now deceased. Both parents of our subject were natives of Kentucky. As early as 1830 Solomon Howser came to Illinois and set- tled in Logan county, being one of the pio- neers of Eminence township. There and in Orvil township he followed farming throughout the remainder of his life, and his death occurred in Eminence township m 1874. The mother of our subject passed away in 1841. During his boyhood James W. Howser ■attended the district schools of this county and aided in the work of the farm. \Mien the Civil war broke out he enlisted August 12, 1862, in Company F, One Hundred and Sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, under ■Captain Beesley and Colonel Latham. His regiment was in the rear during the battle of Gettysburg, but was in no other import- ant engagements, though it always faithful- Iv performed any work assigned to it, and was never lacking in bravery. The war liaving ended, Sh: Howser was at length discharged at Pine Blufl:', Arkansas, July 12, 1865. After he returned home he sold his farm in Eminence township and removed to his present place on section 2, Orvil township. where he now has two hundred and forty acres of fine farming land under a high state of cultivation and well improxed. Here he is succes'^fully engaged in general farming, and besides this valuable tract he owns eightv acres <)f land near :\Iindon, Kearney county, Xeljraska. :\Ir. Howser married ]\liss Frances Sum- mers, who was Ijorn in Ohio, August 28, 1840, a daughter of Dr. Jefferson and Charlotte (Carnahan) Summers. Her fa- ther, who was lioth a farmer and a phy- sician, removed from Ohio to Tazewell countv. Illinois, and later came to Logan countv. where lie and his wife both died. Unto Mr. and ^Irs. Howser were born eleven children, of whom seven are still liv- ing, namelv : Louvern, wife of O. A. Lem- on, a resident of Utica, Nebraska; Leona, deceased; Dora, wife of John Rogers, of Tazewell county, Illinois; :\Iary, deceased: Luther, traveling salesman, residing in Pe- (,ria. Illinois: Aha, wife of T. T. McCor- mick, of Lincoln : Fred, who is now living in the west; Imegene and Edna, both at home: and two who died in infancy. Politically :Mr. Howser is identified with the Repulilican party, and socially affiliates with the Grand Army Post of Lincoln. Both he and his wife'are leading and prom- inent members of the Bethel Christian church of Orvil township, of which he is 652 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. one of the elders, ami the}- take a very ac- tive part in all chnrch work, and are among the most highly respected citizens of their communit\\ JESSE D. SPARKS. One of the eminently snccessful and Iiighly respected farmer citizens of Logan countv. Illinois, wlm nwns a tine farm in Oran township, is Jesse D. Sparks, whose birth occurred March 7. i(S()4. He is a son of James and Martha ( \\'ea\-er ) Sjiarks. In 1837 the grandparents of our sub- ject, Samuel and AIar\- Sparks, left their home in Ohio and located in Logan county. Illinois, where the former died at the age of sixty-ti\e ^■ears. and the latter at the age of eighty \'ears, l)oth uf tlieni Ijeing laid to rest in Lucas cemeter\'. The}- had a fam- ily of ten children, five of whom still sur- vive, as follows: Samuel, who lives in Sheridan township; Jesse, who lixes in Washington. Illinois: Sarah, who married Dr. Fleming. li\es in Oklahoma: Evaline. who is the wife of E. Douglas, and li\es in Mason county; and Marv. who married ( i. Douglas. Tlie mother of our subject was born in Xash\ille, Tennessee, in December, 1S33, and now resides on the old home farm, in West Lincoln township. The father of our subject, James Sparlcs, came to Logan C(_)nnty with his parents, when he was but eleven years old. and resided here until his death, in February. 1901, at the age of seventy-four years and ten months. James Sparks was thmugh life a \erv acti\e and industrious man, giving his per- sonal attention to his farming operations. He began life as a farmer and saved his earnings. His first ])urchase consisted of one hundred and ninetv-two acres of land in \\'est Lincoln townsliip and this property he placed in a high state of cultivation and continued its improvement until his retire- ment from acti\e life a fe\y years previous to his aptist church and was a man of influence in his communitv. but would never accept political office. To him and wife were l.iorn six children, two of whom died in earl\- childhood, and one beautiful daughter, Marw died at the age of eighteen.. Those sur\i\ing are; Emma, the wife of" A. J. Howard, residing in Broadwell town- ship; Jesse, our subject; and George, who resides with b.is mother on the home farm, which he has never left. He has one son and two daughters. .\11 of the children were afforded educational advantages in the district schools and remained under the shelter of the parental roof until they mar- ried. Jesse Sparks was reared on the fine old t.arm in West Lincoln township, and tluring the winter months he was a regular attend- ant at school, but w itii other farmer bo\s, be assisted in the farming t)perations during the summers. L'ntil he was twentv-six years old he remained with bis father, re- lie\-ing the latter of much of the hard labor, and becoming a thoroughlv instructed agri- culturist. Mr. Sparks was married June i, i8i.)0. to Miss Sarah C L'eaver, who was born in Broadwell township, Xoxember Ji, 1808. .She is the daughter of Michael and Sarah A. Beax'er. the former of wbon.i was long one of the prominent citizens of Broadwell township. Conaway Pence, Mrs. Sparks' grandfather, was a ])ioneer of Corwin town- ship, and for vears was survevor of Logan countw ]\Irs. P.ea\er makes her home with THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 655 her daughter. :\[rs. Sparks, the other mem- bers of her family being': Commodore, who lives in Xdjraska ; AUce. who is tiie wife of J. J. Duff and hves in Oran town- ship: Wilson, who lives in Lincoln: and Elmer, who resides in Nel)raska. All of these were educated in the schools of Lin- coln. In 1891 Mr. Sparks removed to (/)ran township where he rented a farm of two hundred and twenty acres, belonging prin- cipally to Mr. Beaver, and there he carried on general farming for nine years, but in the spring of 1900 he removed to his ])resent place, it being the old Beaver homestead, consisting of two hundred and eighty acres. This is one of the most desira])le tracts in the township. ^Ir. Sparks also has an in- terest in his father"s place, and in addition. a farm near Lincoln. He has always taken an intelligent interest in his agricultural work and thoroughl) understands every feature of it. Five children have been horn to Mr. and Mrs. Sparks, namely: James E, Ruth, Commodore X., Jessie K. and an infant son. Like his father. :Mr. Sparks has taken an interest in ])ublic affairs in his county, but has ne\er accepted office. He is known as one of the progressive, relialile. public- spirited and liberal members of his com- munitv. who well represents the best class of the citizens of Logan county. Xi:WTOX S. DUXX. Xewton S. l-)uun. who nwns and operates one of the best farms in Sheridan township, has been a resilient of Logan county since 18^7. He was born in Cumberland county. Kentucky. July 18. 1837. a son of James and Xancy (Jones) Dunn. Ijoth natives of that state. Coming to Illinois in 1848 the family first located in Sangamon county, where the father followed farming until 1857. when they removed to Logan county, settling near Elkhart, where he continued to follow that occupation until his death in 1877. The mother died in 1874. They h.ad nine children, of whom four still sur\-u-e. namely : Roger, who is now living retired in Cornland. this county; Alexander, a mail carrier of Piatt county. Illinois: Daniel, an engineer of Harrisdale. Illinois: and Xew- ton S.. of this .sketch. Some of the children died in Kentucky and others in Springfield. Illinois, while two sons died in the army d:u-ing the Civil war. Like the other members of this family, Xewton S. Dunn was educated in the com- mon schools. Feeling that his countr)- need- ed his services during the dark days of the Rebellion, he enlisted in .-Vugust, 1862, m Compan}- F. Seventy-third Illinois \^)lun- teer Infantry, under Colonel Jaques. while the company was first commanded by lap- tain Montgomery and later by Caiitam Al- sap. ^^■itb his regiment, Mr. Dunn partici- pated in the battles of Prairieville. Stone River. Chickamauga, Missionar\- Ridge, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta .md Xashville. but fortunately was never wounded. At the close of the war he was honorably dis- charged in 1865 at Quincy, Illinois. He was at that place when the news came of the assassination of President Lincoln. On lieing discharged from the service ^Ir. Dunn returned to Elkhart. Logan coun- ty, but he was in ill health for about six years. He married Mrs. Matilda Hooker, a native of Ohio, and a .laughter of Silas Morris, who came to this county at an early day and died here. Our sul)ject and his wife have two children, twins: (_^llie. now the wife of William Baker, a nurseryman ^54 THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. of Alenard county, Illinois; and Clarence, a A-eterinary surgeon of Oklahoma. After his marriage Mr. Dunn remo\'ed to Nebraska, but after a short time spent in that state, he returned to this county and in 1873 settled on his present farm on secti(_)n 7, Sheridan township, where he owns one hundred and sixty acres of rich and arable land, improved with a good house and sub- stantial barn. It is one of the most desira- ble places in the locality. -As a Republican Mr. Dunn has taken a somewhat active part in local politics, and efficiently served as deputy sheriff and cjn- stajjle ior a short time. Socially he is iden- tified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is held in the highest regard by his fellow-citizens. GIDDIXGS H. STROXG. Since 1867 this gentleman has been a residents of Logan county, Illinois, and is now living a retired life in Lincoln. He was born in :\Iarlborough, \\'indbam county, Verm()nt, :\Iarch 6. 1820, and belongs to an old Xew England family of English origin, which was founded in this country in the ■seventeenth century. His parents, David ■and Abigail fPinney) Strong, were both natives of Connecticut, but spent the greater part (if their lives as farming people in Ver- ■mont. where the father died at the age of •si.\ty-se\-en years, the mother at the age of eighty-six. In their family were ten chil- dren, of whom our subject is seventh in order of birth and is now the only survivor. Mr. Strong was educated in the com- mon schools of his native state and there grew to manhood upon a farm. On the i6th of June, 1847, he was united in mar- riage with :\Iiss Sarah A. Thomas, who was Iwrn, reared and educated in AMnchester, Xew Hampshire. Two children ])Iessed this union, both born in the east, namely: Ches- tina .\., wife of Will P. Wakeman, of Lin- coln. Avhose sketch appears on another page of this volume; and George K, who died at the age of three years and three months. During his early life :\Ir. Strong was linncipally engaged in farming, but for eight rears was interested in the lumber, liamt and oil business. Selling his property in the east, he removed from Franklin county, :\Iassachusetts, to Logan countv, Illinois, in June, 1867, and purchased a l)artially improved farm of eighty acres in East Lincoln township, where he made his home for twenty years. Since 1890 he has Ined in Lincoln, where he purchased a lot and erected a nice residence. He has laid aside all business cares and is spending his declining years in ease and quiet. He sold the (irst farm which he purchased in East Lincoln township, and then bought another of <>ne hundred and sixty acres on section 12, the same township. In ])olitics he is a Reiuiblican, and both he and his wife are earnest and coiisistent members of the ]\Ieth.- odist Episcopal church. II