239 3 y 1 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE The Extension Service Dairy Improvement Associations AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS 1913 Dairy Improvement Associations In Massachusetts Organization Purposes Results Material compiled from the Records of the Connecticut Valley Dairy Improvement Association and the Norfolk-Middlesex Dairy Improvement Association By G. F. STORY Extension Service, Massachusetts Agricultural College 1913 D. of D. JUL 24 1917 Introduction. In preparing a bulletin on Dairy Improvement Association work in Massachusetts, it was thought best to briefly describe the purpose and benefits of Dairy Improvement Associations in general and follow this with the presentation of data showing the work of Associations already formed. At present, there are three Associations in Massachusetts located as follows: Connecticut Valley Association, centering at Amherst, in operation since June 1, 1911; Norfolk County Association, centering at Walpole, in operation since July 1, 1911; Littleton Association at Littleton, in operation since May 1, 1913. Compared with some other states, Massachusetts has been rather slow in organizing Dairy Improvement Associations. This may be due in part to the fact that Massa- chusetts is a milk producing state and the dairymen, as a rule, are not concerned with the Babcock test. However, New York, which is also a milk producing state, has eighteen (18) in operation, Vermont, nineteen (19), and so on throughout the country. The saving in feed cost due to co-operative buying and more careful feeding methods is of great importance even in a market milk section. It is doubtful if any one factor at present operative in Massachusetts is capable of greater benefit to the average dairyman than membership in a Dairy Improvement Association. What a Dairy Improvement Association Is. The Duties and Privileges of Members: It shall be the duty of the members to keep as accurate an account of milk production and feed consumed as is possible under ordinary farm practice, in order that they may give reliable information to the tester. One of the greatest benefits to be obtained, aside from the work of the tester, will be the weighing of the milk each day. Daily record blanks can be obtained, free of charge, from the Extension Service of the College. Complaints often come from members who fail to give the tester accurate information regarding the cost of feed, etc., and, when the report is given as to what their herd realh' did, the figures are far from being accurate and cause dissatisfaction. Members should strive, in every way, to co-operate with the tester and endeavor to get all information possible from him. The tester will not force suggestions or advocate changes unless he feels they will be received in the proper spirit by the various members, and, in order to get the greatest good from the work of the tester, it will be necessary to make your wants known. The Duties of a Tester: It shall be the duty of the tester to spend one day each month with each herd, going to the home of each member in the afternoon, weighing the feed which each cow receives, weighing, mixing, and sampling milk from each cow. In the morning the same oper- ations are repeated. The Babcock test is applied to the composite sample from each cow, the outfit washed, the necessary computations made and recorded on blanks for that purpose. After this, the official tester goes to the home of the nearest member. It is also the duty of the tester to figure out rations which will be of more profit than the one he finds being fed; to offer suggestions along the line of better milk production, questions of breeding, feeding, etc., as deemed advisable by the attitude of the member. What the Extension Service Will Do : The Extension Service of the Agricultural College stands ready to furnish all the necessary blanks, both for the regular work of the Association and the monthly record sheets for the individual members, free of charge. It also is ready and willing to send speakers for the monthly meeting whenever possible and to be of any legitimate service at any time desired by members of the Association. Benefits of the Association, as told by members: 1 "Exactness replaces rule of guess." 2 "Better feeding methods prevail." 3 "Barns are improved." 4 "Better bulls are purchased." 5 "Community establishes a reputation for good dairying." 6 "Buyers are attracted by good stock." 7 "Records sell all good stock at high prices." 8 "Farmers begin to think and live." 9 "Saving in cost of feed, due to co-operative buying, often pays for membership in the Association." 10 "Greater interest in the herd given by the herdsman." Any inquiries relative to Association work will be handled from the office of the Extension Service, Amherst, Massachusetts. Plan of Organization for Dairy Improvement Association. Dairy Improvement Association By-Laws. Articles of Association of the Dairy Improvement Association, of Mass. Article 1 — Purpose. The purpose for which it is formeci is generally to promote the dairy interests of its members and particularly to provide means and methods for testing and determining the cost of producing the milk of cows of the members periodically. Article 2 — Name. The name by which this Association shall be known is Dairy Improvement Association. Article 3 — Location. Its principal office and place of business shall be at Mass. Article 4 — Membership. Any person acceptable to the board of directors may become a member upon paying a membership fee of twenty-five cents. Article 5 — Dues. Each member shall pay a fee of twenty-five cents annually on or before the first. . . . The first annual dues shall be paid on call of the Treasurer. No mem- ber shall be allowed to participate in the election of the board of directors who shall not have paid his or her annual dues in advance. Article 6 — Annual and Special Meetings. The annual meeting of the members of this Association shall be held at a place desig- nated by the board of directors in the village of on the of each year at o'clock in the for the pur- pose of electing a board of directors and such other officers as may be provided by the by-laws and to transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting. Regular meetings shall be held on the of each month at such place and hour as the Association may by vote direct. Special meetings may be called by the board of directors and notice thereof shall be given by the Secretary by mailing to each member a written or printed notice thereof, at least five days prior to such meeting. Such notice shall state the object of the meeting, and no other business shall be transacted thereat. Article 7 — Officers. Sec. 1. The officers of the Association shall consist of a President, Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, and Board of five Directors, of which Board, the President and Sec- retary shall be members ex officio. The office of Secretary and Treasurer be held by the same per- son. Sec. 2. The officers shall be elected by a majority vote of the members of the As- sociation present at the annual meeting. Sec. 3. In case of death or resignation or removal of any officer his successor shall be elected at the first meeting of the Association, regular or special, held thereafter. Sec. 4. The board of directors shall have the management and control of the busi- ness of the Association and shall employ such assistants as they may deem advisable and fix the rate of compensation of such assistants. 5 Sec. 5. The board of directors shall meet prior to each regular meeting and upon the call of the President of the Association or at such other times as they may by vote deter- mine. Sec . 6. A majority of the directors shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the board. Article 8 — Amendments. These by-laws may be amended, added to or altered by a majority vote of all members present at any annual meeting or at a special meeting called for that purpose. Survey Blank. Whereas, the Dairy Improvement Association has been organized for the principal purpose of providing means for the co-operation of its members in testing the milk of their cows periodically, and for the improvement of their dairy interests, and whereas, it is proposed by said Association to engage a suitable per- son for that purpose as soon as enough subscriptions are obtained to warrant said As- sociation to engage such person,, we the undersigned members of said Association, each for himself and not one for the other, severally agree to pay the sum of not to exceed dollars and cents a year for each cow set opposite our respective names to said Association for that purpose. Said fees are to be paid in installments in advance; the first payment is to be made as soon as such person is engaged by the Association. Each one of us also agrees to furnish board and lodging for said person for at least one day each month and convey him to his next place of work. Said person shall not work Sundays but shall have board and lodging every Sunday at the place where he worked Saturday. Name of Members. Cows. Dairy Improvement Association Member's Contract. Whereas, the Dairy Improvement Association is organized for the purpose of providing means for the co-operation of its members in ascertaining the relative merits of their cows, and in the economical production of dairy products; and Whereas, the Association agrees, from monthly tests made by an employee of the As- sociation, to furnish each member with a record of the individual performance of each animal subscribed, and to advise the members in regard to economical feeding and the improvement of their herds; and Whereas, I, , am desirous of becoming a member of said Association, for the objects above stated: 6 Now, therefore, in consideration of my admission to membership and the services above mentioned, I make this agreement with said Association and with the other per- sons who are now or shall hereafter become members of said Association. I agree and promise to pay to the treasurer of the Association the sum of ^S . . . . for one year's record of each of my cows entered, to wit, $ for the periodical testing of cows; with the following provisos, namely, that the charge of one herd shall be not less than $ for ten cows; and that the tester shall not test more than thirty (30) cows in one day, but shall give two or more days' service each month, in proportion to the number of cows in the herd if larger than thirty ; and I agree to pay for the yearly record of my herd on this basis. It is agreed that the rate of payment for additional cows entered after the year is be- gun shall be fixed by the board of directors, but shall not exceed 15 cents a month per cow. If a cow which is being tested dies or is sold from the herd before the year is over, there shall be no reduction in the amount to be paid; but another cow may be substituted for the dead or sold cow. Aside from this, no cow shall be replaced by another in the num- ber of cows undergoing test. The secretary must be notified before the second test of all new cows, whether substituted for old ones or entered as additional cows. I agree to make payments for such testing semiannually, the first payment to be due on or before the last day of the month in which the tester begins actual work, and the other payment to be due on or before the last day of the sixth month thereafter. And I agree to take or send the money to the treasurer of the Association without being called on therefor. I agree to furnish board and lodging for the expert employed as tester by said As- sociation for at least one day each month, and over Sunday if his regular course brings him to my house on Saturday; and to convey him to his next place of work, or to stable and feed his horse while he is staying at my farm. I agree to be subject to the by-laws of this Association. This contract is not to be binding unless the said Association secures a sufificient num- ber of cows to warrant starting operations. The term of this agreement shall be one year from the time the testing begins. (Signed) (Date) Witnesses: For the Association: Source of Data. The data contained in this bulletin were obtained from the records of two Dairy Im- provement Associations. The first series of tables are the records of the Connecticut Valley Dairy Improvement Association and are expressed in Scandinavian units; the second series of tables are the records of the Norfolk County Dairy Improvement As- sociation and are expressed in the regular way. It is the opinion of the author that while the Danish system is excellent for compar- ing the productive capacity of cows, it does not give results in dollars and cents, a con- dition extremely desirable for the average dairyman. It is to be hoped that an expression of opinion may be obtained from practical dairy- men regarding the value of these records, in order that subsequent publications may be printed in the most helpful form. 7 Connecticut Valley Association. In presenting the past year's work of the Connecticut Valley Dairy Improvement Association, based upon the Scandinavian Feed Unit System, it is offered with the following misgivings: 1st. The system has been little used in this country and the results as portrayed may be more or less confusing to the reader. 2d. The Scandinavian unit values differ slightly from the analyses of American feeds. (However, this error will be the same for all.) 3d. Definite values should have been placed on the feeds by the tester each month, instead of lumping them at the end. The failure to do this was not a fault of the tester, Mr. P. W. Fuller, as the original plan was to publish the records in the usual manner. 4th. It does not show in dollars and cents the returns for each cow and herd. This, however, is in accordance with a vote cast by the Members of the Association. Nevertheless, the system offers a means of studying the relative productive capacity of dairy cattle which is far superior to any other plan in common use at the present time, and it is hoped that this beginning will be considered in the light of an experiment, and that breeders and students will endeavor to profit by its lessons. In order that all may understand exactly what the Feed Unit System is, the following quotation is introduced from Henry's "Feeds and Feeding," pages 124 to 126: The Scandinavian Feed Unit System. A system of feed equivalents based mainly on the extensive experiments with milch cows and swine by Fjord and his successors at the Copenhagen Station, has been adopted in Denmark and other Scandinavian countries, especially by the cow-testing associations, for measuring the relative production economy of cows. This system is extensively used with cows, occasionally with pigs, and rarely with other animals. It has great merit, especially in co-operative efforts to improve dairy cattle and their feed- ing — lines in which the Scandinavian farmers are leaders. The Feed Unit. The feed unit of the Danish association is one lb. of standard grain feed, such as corn and barley, or their equivalents in feeding value. In Sweden it is one kilo (2.2 lbs.) of mixed concentrates or their equivalent. All feeding stuffs are reduced to this standard in calculating the feed consumption of the animal. The Dan- ish valuation table is as follows: Danish Valuation of Feeding Stuffs. Feed required to equal one unit. Average Range, lbs. lbs. FOR DAIRY COWS. Indian corn, wheat, barley, palmnut meal, dry matter in roots — the standard of value 1-0 Cotton-seed meal, peanut meal 0.8 Linseed meal, rape-seed meal, sunflower meal 0.9 Oats, wheat bran 1.1 Malt sprouts, molasses feed 1.2 Dried beet pulp and molasses 1.3 1.2-1.5 Whole milk 2.5 Hay 2.5 2.0-3.0 Wet brewers' grains, potatoes, straw and chaff 5.0 4.0-6.0 Skim milk and buttermilk 6.0 Silage, green clover, and mixed green grasses 8.0 6.0-10.0 Mangels, rutabagas, carrots, beet pulp silage, and soilage crops other than clover and mixed grasses 11-0 8.0-12.0 Beet leaves and tops 12.0 10.0-15.0 Turnips and fresh beet pulp 12.5 10.0-15.0 Beet leaves, fresh 15.0 12.0-18.0 FOR PIGS. Indian corn, barley, wheat, oil cakes 1.0 Rye, wheat bran 1 .4 Boiled potatoes 4.0 Skim milk 6.0 Whey 12.0 FOR HORSES. One lb. of Indian corn equals 1 lb. of oats or 1 lb. of dry matter in roots. It is shown in the table that 1 lb. of Indian corn, wheat, barley, palmnut meal, or the dry matter of roots is taken as the unit standard. On this basis 0.8 lb. of cotton-seed meal or 1.1 lbs. of oats have the same feeding value as the un'.t standard, 1 lb. of corn. Of the roughage, 2.5 lbs. of good hay, or 8 lbs. of silage, green clover, or mixed fresh grasses count as 1 unit. The grass consumed by a cow at pasture during 1 day is valued at from 10 to 16 units according to its quality and the production of the cow. Since working up the records from these figures, a revised Ust of values has been re- ceived from Mr. Hehnar Rabild, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, which seems to correspond more nearly to American conditions and should be used in later work of this kind. The records of the twenty-one herds totaling 234 cows, which follow, represent all of the cows which had completed a full year's work up to June 1, 1912. According to the tester's reports, about 400 cows were tested during the year, but of these nearly 25%, or 97, changed hands, and their records were lost to the Association. The remainder for one reason or another had not completed a full year's record. Tables showing record of each cow with herd averages follow: HERD No. 1. No. of Milk Fat Units in Units in Total Cow pounds pounds roughage gram units 1 7605 298.2 3521 2814 6335 4 11328 410.2 3521 3853 7374 5 8053 322.5 3521 2898 6419 6 5903 269.3 3521 2473 5994 8 11339 397.6 3521 4086 7607 Milk lbs. Fat. lbs. per 100 units per 100 units 120.4 4.7 153.5 5.56 125.4 5.02 98.4 4.49 149. 5.22 1697.8 No. of Cow Milk pound: 4 5756 5 5016 7 5529 9 4442 10 5703 11 6604 12 5979 13 5024 15 4948 17 5162 19 3448 20 3268 60879 HERD No . 2. Fat Units in Units in Total pounds roughage gram units 193.5 2983 1904 4887 162.9 2995 1958 4953 272. 3078 1888 4966 218.4 3061 1610 4671 253. 3053 2037 5090 326.6 2983 1704 4687 291.2 3070 1907 4977 198.1 3083 1949 5032 249.4 3083 1559 4642 203.2 3083 1605 4688 165.1 3146 1526 4672 156. 3146 1057 4203 4.98 Milk lbs. Fat lbs. per 100 units per 100 units 3.96 57468 118.5 100.4 111.2 95. 112. 143. 120. 99.8 106.5 111. 74. 77.8 1270. 3.27 5.47 4.7 4.97 6.98 5.85 3.94 5.4 4.35 3.54 3.7 56.2 HERD No . 3. No. of Milk Fat Units in Units in Total Cow pounds pounds roughage gram units 1 5427 272.4 2980 1714 4694 2 5431 210. 2980 1714 4694 3 9223 287.8 2980 1714 4694 4 6813 235.6 2980 1714 4694 5 6814 240.4 2980 1714 4694 Milk lbs. Fat lbs. per 100 units per 100 units 116. 116. 197. 145. 145. 719. 5.82 4.48 6.15 5. 5.12 26.6 10 No. of Milk Cow pounds 1 9332 2 7859 4 10272 6 8572 8 8616 10 7320 12 6163 13 6498 14 8976 16 7671 267 6827 HERD No . 4. Fat pounds Units in roughage Units in grain 295.5 3604 2687 263.6 3650 2530 349.7 3865 2629 279.5 3602 2216 281.4 3486 1440 256.6 3323 1492 206. 3412 1382 211.4 3397 1306 362.1 3442 1679 242.7 3422 1637 216.8 3410 1276 Total Milk Ibi units per 100 ui 6291 148.4 6180 127.5 6494 158.2 5818 147.5 4926 175. 4815 152. 4794 129. 4803 135. 5121 175. 5059 151.5 4686 146. 5362 4.7 4.27 5.4 4.8 5.7 5.34 4.3 4.4 7.6 4.8 4.6 55.9 No. of Milk Cow pound: 2 5446 3 4382 4 6126 6 4651 7 3531 8 6447 11 4873 12 5277 13 5788 14 5064 15 5029 16 702 17 5465 18 4488 19 3874 22 6101 27 6132 HERD No. 5. Fat Units in Units in pounds roughage grain 276.5 3296 1933 248.2 3425 1547 288. 3758 1606 217.2 3213 1474 175.2 2797 896 289.6 3213 1153 233.6 3365 1972 265.2 3480 1093 259. 3382 1565 292.5 3130 1774 247.7 3075 1802 46.8 2812 362 250.2 3450 1310 262. 3450 1417 230. 3240 1168 297.8 3410 1575 294.5 3361 1493 4174. 245.5 Total units 5229 4962 5364 4687 3693 4366 5337 4583 4847 4904 4877 3174 4760 4867 4408 4985 4854 79887 Milk lbs. Fat lbs. per 100 units per 100 units 5.3 104. 88.5 114. 99.5 95.6 147.5 91.5 115.5 119.5 103. 103. 22.1 115. 92. 88. 120.5 126. 5. 5.4 4.6 4.7 6.6 4.4 5.8 5. 35 5.95 5.1 1.4 5.25 5.4 5.2 6. 6.05 87.6 HERD No i. 6. No. of Milk Fat Units in Units in Total Milk lbs. Fat lbs. Cow pounds pounds roughage gram units per 100 units per 100 unit; 2 5644 180.5 3785 1037 4822 117. 3.8 4 3991 162.5 2777 1018 3795 105. 4.3 5 4683 163.5 3350 1015 4365 107. 3.7 6 4068 140.9 2800 1055 3855 121.5 3.6 7 4598 151.5 3350 1087 4437 103.5 4.4 8 5364 227.5 2876 1092 3968 135. 5.7 9 3996 129.5 2964 1072 4036 99. 3.2 13 3614 110.7 3210 812 4022 90. 2.7 16 4970 202.2 3220 1001 4221 118. 4.8 17 4156 139.7 3225 930 4155 100. 3.37 10 45084 4508.4 1609. 1 60.9 41676 1097. 38.6 4167 109.7 3.86 11 HERD No. 7 No. of Milk Fat Units in Units in Total Cow pounds pounds roughage gram units 2 6760 255.4 3215 1777 4992 6 7980 292.7 3215 1975 5190 10 6834 235. 3215 1810 5025 15 4388 196.6 3215 1436 4651 18 6842 219.9 3215 1987 5102 32804 4992 Milk lbs. Fat lbs. per 100 units per 100 units 135.5 5.1 154. 5.6 136. 4.7 94.5 3. 134. 4.3 4.54 No. of Cow 4 6 8 10 11 16 HERD No. 8 Milk Fat Units in Units in Total pounds pounds roughage grain units 6053 249. 3113 1732 4845 3662 138. 3143 1101 4243 5067 186.4 3016 1222 4258 5268 189.6 3195 965 4160 4533 242.3 2944 1232 4176 4769 205.1 3078 1739 4817 29352 1210. 201.6 26479 4413 Milk lbs. Fat lbs. per 100 units per 100 units 5.15 125. 86.8 120. 122. 108. 99. 661. 3.26 4.4 4.55 5.8 4.2 27.5 HERD No. 9 No. of Cow Milk pounds Fat pounds Units in roughage Units in grain Total units Milk lbs. per 100 units Fat lbs per 100 u 2 4 S 7480 7305 4596 258.8 288.6 213.7 3082 3082 3082 2154 2356 1944 5236 5438 5026 143. 134.5 91.5 4.9 5.3 4.25 3 19381 6460.3 716. 253.6 15700 369. 14.5 5233 123. 4.83 HERD No. 10 No. of Milk Fat Units in Units in Total Cow pounds pounds roughage grain units 10 7299 231.4 3073 3118 6191 22 8182 316.5 3007 3362 6369 7 5007 204.4 3127 2440 5567 19 7365 274. 2932 3394 6326 24 6508 228.3 3160 2705 5865 20 4869 165.2 3122 2210 5332 16 8410 291.1 3197 3045 6242 15 8007 304.7 3224 3275 6499 18 9036 311.6 3269 3646 6715 23 7109 265.5 3230 3077 6307 17 6888 246.4 3230 2728 5958 42 5694 184.3 3145 2582 5727 41 4764 175.7 3230 2963 6193 13 4145 150.8 3230 2094 5324 44 7225 210.8 3140 3267 6407 12 6421 240.1 3115 2844 5959 11 9009 318.1 3110 3616 6526 43 7291 222.2 3230 2923 6153 18 123229 4331. 240.6 109860 6846 6103 Milk lbs. Fat lbs. per 100 units per 100 units 118. 3.7 128. 4.8 90. 3.66 116.5 5.35 111. 3.9 91.5 3.1 135. 4.7 113. 4.7 134.5 4.6 112.5 4.2 115.5 4.15 99.5 3.2 77. 2.8 78. 2.8 113. 3.3 107.5 4. 134. 4.7 118. 3.6 111.3 12 HERD Nc ). 11 No. of Cow Milk pounds Fat pounds Units in roughage Units in grain Total units Milk lbs. per 100 units Fat lbs. per 100 unit 2 4716.6 228.3 2874 2280 5154 91.5 4.45 3 5163 230. 2862 1391 4253 121. 5.4 4 6353.5 325.8 2951 2088 5039 126. 6.5 6 5908 290.2 2787 3020 5807 102. 5. 8 8133 419.6 2857 3227 6084 134. 6.9 9 7181 325.1 2900 2270 5170 139. 6.3 10 6010.5 361.6 2936 2225 5161 116.5 7. 11 5120 48587 237.1 2842 2168 5010 102. 932. 4.7 8 2418. 41678 46.3 No. of Milk Cow pounds 4 4999 7 5592 8 5200 9 6441 11 5769 14 6834 IS 4741 16 4522 19 5167 22 5636 23 5205 24 7233 HERD No. 12 No. of Milk Fat Units in Cow pounds pounds roughage 2 5517 244. 3003 3 4948 222.7 2657 5 5315 240.2 3009 6 5541 237. 2955 7 5296 227.8 2787 8 4425 193.4 2988 9 5125 224. 2925 10 5357 203. 2756 11 4868 228.3 2690 13 4480 207.5 2748 16 5698 215.2 3109 17 5507 192.7 2586 18 3727 179.3 2531 20 4302 188.2 2989 21 4503 211.8 2978 22 3966 201.3 2983 23 4581 192.5 2704 17 83156 3609. Total Milk lbs. Fat lbs. units per 100 units per 100 units 4500 122. 5.45 4366 113. 5.1 4537 117. 5.3 4808 115. 4.95 4528 117. 5. 4556 97. 4.25 4979 103. 4.5 4369 123. 4.65 4344 112. 5.3 4361 102.5 4.7 .5088 112. 4.2 4478 132. 4.3 4055 92. 4.4 4384 98.5 4.3 4490 100.4 4.7 4465 89. 4.5 4317 106. 4.45 76625 1842. 8o2. 4507 108.3 4.7 HERD No. 13 Fat Units in Units in Total Milk lbs. Fat lbs. pounds roughage grain units per 100 units per 100 units 218.8 3019 2296 5315 94. 4.1 174.7 2986 2380 5366 104. 3.2 198.9 2819 2446 5265 98.5 3.8 252. 2992 2702 5694 113. 4.4 244.6 3015 2326 5341 103. 4.6 294.8 3024 2666 5690 120. 5.2 208.9 2925 2197 5122 92.5 4.1 206. 3015 1992 5007 90.5 4.1 177.8 2945 2131 5076 100. 3.5 230.9 2819 2331 5150 109. 4.5 193.3 3005 2197 5202 100. 3.7 251.5 3015 2554 5569 130. 4.5 2616. 63797 1254. 49.7 104.5 4.14 13 HERD No. 14 No. of Milk Fat Units in Units in Total Cow pounds pounds roughage gram units 1 5991 245.7 3560 2313 5873 2 7707 344.9 3497 2991 6488 4 4949 260.1 3560 2076 5636 5 7065 329.7 3497 2442 5939 8 6402 265.3 3497 2472 5969 9 6987 265.6 3497 2752 6249 10 6028 300.4 3497 2437 5934 11 4297 49426 208.6 2222. 3560 1571 5131 8 47219 Milk lbs. Fat lbs. per 100 units per 100 units 102. 4.2 119. 5.35 88. 4.6 119. 5.55 107. 4.45 112. 4.3 101.5 5.06 83.7 4.07 832. 37.8 HERD No. 15 No. of Milk Fat Units in Units in Total Cow pounds pounds roughage grain units 1 7788 271.4 3241 3930 7171 2 6778 238.7 3316 2926 6242 3 7353 222. 3339 2844 6183 4 7278 247.5 3086 2869 5955 7 11028 395.9 3281 3527 6808 10 5495 229.3 2881 1732 4613 11 7896 280. 1885. 2961 2672 5633 7 53616 42605 7659.4 269.3 6086 Milk lbs. Fat lbs. per 100 units per 100 units 108.5 109. 119. 122. 162. 119. 140. 880. 3.8 3.8 3.6 4.15 5.8 5. 5. HERD No. 16 No. of Cow 2 3 4 9 10 Milk Fat pounds pounds 4905 253.5 8277 361.7 3191 170.1 6059 316.2 4809 255.7 27241 1357. 5448.2 271.4 Units in Units in Total Milk lb; roughage grain units per 100 un 3302 1772 -SO 7 4 97. 3392 3147 6539 127. 3377 1390 4767 67. 3365 2266 5631 117.7 3330 2143 5473 27484 88. 497. 5497 99.4 5.5 3.6 5.6 4.7 HERD No. 17 No. of Milk Cow pounds 18 5312 34 6022 55 6633 41 4581 21 7647 30 3813 48-49 7833 33 6312 27E 5489 56 5693 17 5626 7 7245 59 6927 58 6683 16 7307 10-3 1861 25 5553 17 100537 Fat Units in Units in Total Milk lbs. Fat lbs pounds roughage gram units per 100 units per 100 I 203.2 3400 2931 6331 84. 3.2 209.2 3393 2531 5924 102. 3.5 277.1 3344 2912 6256 106. 4.3 236.6 3344 1935 5279 87. 4.5 267.4 3318 2652 5970 128. 4.5 149.7 3344 2343 5677 67. 2.6 282.3 3422 4451 7873 99.5 3.6 251. 3234 2828 6062 104. 4.15 192.9 3457 2354 5811 94.5 3.3 188.5 3384 2720 6104 93. 3.1 210.3 3703 2278 5981 94. 3.5 239. 3372 4157 7529 96.4 3.2 270.2 3177 3239 6416 108. 4.2 237.8 3374 2800 6174 108. 3.85 220.8 3474 2825 6299 116.2 3.5 122.2 3433 2393 5826 32. 2.1 247.4 3762 2203 5965 93. 4.15 3806. 105187 1612. 61.3 14 HERD No. 18 No. of Milk- Fat Units in Units in Total Cow pounds pounds roughage grain units 1 4551 210. 3343 1610 4953 2 2603 101.3 3086 849 3935 3 4356 202.8 3136 1542 4678 4 5320 233.7 3851 1772 5623 5 3442 198.3 3667 1314 4981 6 4695 183.8 3618 1492 5110 7 7014 223.6 3175 2342 5517 8 4215 167.5 3184 1575 4579 9 4908 219.2 3305 1823 5128 10 4538 241.3 3547 1757 5.304 11 5073 200.5 3293 1591 4884 12 5230 270.2 3438 1892 5330 13 5432 261.1 3444 1924 5368 U 4168 212.5 3202 1594 4796 15 4429 218.1 3204 1726 4930 16 4455 231.9 3291 1863 5154 17 6057 269.3 3408 2139 5547 18 7140 341.9 3555 2263 5818 19 4902 232.8 3355 1737 5092 20 4551 202.2 3355 1728 5083 21 4421 101500 187.3 4609. 3392 1791 5183 21 107173 Milk lbs. Fat lbs. per 100 units per 100 units 4.2 92. 66. 93.5 95. 69. 92. 127. 88.5 96. 85.5 104. 98. 101. 87. 90. 86.5 109. 122.5 96.5 90. 85.5 1975. 2.6 4.3 4.15 4. 3.6 4.05 3.5 4.3 4.5 4.1 5.1 4.85 4.45 4.4 4.5 4.9 5.9 4.6 4. 3.6 89.6 HERD No. 19 No. of Milk Cow pounds 28-19 5658 20 7280 21 7369 22 8331 13 4972 10 5539 4 6937 2 8039 Fat pounds 215.6 295.7 306.6 387.1 197.7 251. 271.7 369. 2294. 286.7 Units in roughage 3138 3161 3162 3123 3111 3142 3156 3111 Units in grain 2090 2281 2307 2286 2169 2122 1951 2429 Milk lbs. Fat lbs. Total units per 100 units per 100 units 5228 108. 4.1 5442 134. 5.45 5469 134.5 5.6 5409 154. 7.15 5280 94.5 3.75 5264 105. 4.75 5107 136. 5.3 5540 145. 6.7 42739 1011. 42.8 HERD No. 20 No. of Milk Fat Units in Units in Total Cow pounds pounds roughage grain units 25 3540 136. 3021 1790 4811 22 3085 165.7 3021 1677 4708 21 2565 130.2 2348 1129 3477 16 4666 258.9 3096 1832 4928 17 4056 157.4 3139 2027 5166 18 3836 153.5 3164 1658 4822 19 2484 200.5 2947 1642 4589 10 6543 293.6 3273 2381 5654 11 4165 176.5 2887 1787 4674 12 5049 247.7 3266 1929 5195 13 4002 172.1 2951 2140 .5091 14 3438 152.7 2769 1661 4430 8 4200 184.6 3039 1987 5026 5 3725 188.7 3003 1820 4823 6 4981 197.7 3013 2107 5120 15 60235 2816. 187.7 72514 4015.6 4834 Milk lbs. Fat lbs. per 100 units per 100 units 73.6 2.8 65.5 3.5 74. 3.8 95. 5.25 78.5 3.1 79.5 3.2 54.5 4.4 112. 5.2 87. 3.8 97.5 4.8 79. 3.4 77.5 3.4 83.7 3.7 77.5 3.9 97.5 3.9 1233. 58.2 15 HERD Ni 0. 21 No. of Milk Fat Units in Units in Total Milk lbs. Fat lbs. Cow pounds pounds roughage grain units per 100 units per 100 units 179 6513 242.8 3332 1678 5010 130. 4.85 198 6216 253.7 1959 5291 117.5 4.8 187 6624 220.8 2248 5580 118.5 4. 236 4650 168.3 1321 4653 100. 3.6 229 6690 262.1 2222 55.S4 120.5 4.7 160 7965 308.2 2275 5607 142. 5.5 186 4036 141.2 1489 4821 83.8 2.9 190 3338 171.5 949 4281 78. 4. 219 3786 146.9 1332 4664 81.2 3.15 218 3114 170.7 920 4252 73. 4. 235 5151 188.8 1403 4735 109. 4. 214 4887 170.1 1548 4880 100.1 3.5 298 6111 208.6 1555 4887 125. 4.3 175 6103 244.7 1815 5147 119. 4.8 122 7168 269.3 1925 5257 137. 5.1 137 8478 294. 2106 5438 156. 5.4 231 6573 212.3 1845 5177 127. 4.1 227 5637 216.5 2169 5501 102. 3.95 185 6237 252.9 2119 5451 114. 4.6 33 5473 237.9 1743 5075 107.5 4.6 111 6621 300.8 2161 5493 120.5 5.5 183 6378 243.2 3332 1874 5206 122. 4.7 224 5187 180.2 1462 4794 108. 3.8 141-270 7632 237.5 2291 5623 136. 4.2 24 140568 5343. 122377 2727. 104.1 5857 222.6 5099 113.6 4.3 AVERAGES. Association 234 cows. Pounds of Milk. 6008.8 Pounds of Fat. 253.5 Total units. 5243.6 Following are a few comparisons of different cows in the Association: The herd range in milk was from 4015.6 lbs. in a herd of fifteen cows to 8845.6 lbs. in a herd of five cows. The herd range in butter fat was from 160.9 to 339.5 lbs. There were ten herds above the average in milk production and ten below. In butter fat pro- duction 8 herds were above the average and 13 below. The range of individual cows was even greater than for herds. The lowest record in the Association was 702 lbs. milk and 46.8 lbs. fat. This cow, however, was not in a nor- mal condition and the record is not an indication of her capacity. The next lowest record was 2565 lbs. milk and 130.6 butter fat. The highest record of the Association was 11,328 lbs. milk and 410.2 lbs. butter fat. Attention is called to herd No. 1 , cows Nos. 1 and 6, for an example of the variation in the ability of cows to make good use of feed. Cow No. 1 gave 7605 lbs. milk and 298.2 lbs. butter fat, and consumed 6335 units of feed, which was equivalent to 120 lbs. milk and 4.7 lbs. fat for each 100 units of feed consumed. Cow No. 6 gave 5903 lbs. milk and 269.3 lbs. fat and consumed 5994 units of feed, which was equivalent to 98 lbs. milk and 4.5 lbs. fat for each 100 units of feed consumed. Making allowance for extra feed and milk, cow No. 1 still produced 22 lbs. milk and .2 lbs. fat more than No. 6 for each 100 units of feed consumed. In herd No. 5 we find that cow No. 3 gave 4382 lbs. milk and 248.2 lbs. fat on 4962 units of feed, this being 88.5 lbs. milk and 5 lbs. fat for each 100 units of feed. Cow No. 8 gave 6447 lbs. milk and 289.6 lbs. fat on 4366 units of feed, or 147.5 lbs. milk and 6.6 lbs. fat for each 100 units of feed. The low feed cost of No. 8 was due to the cow being dry during December, January, and February. 16 Herd No. 3 offers a good example of variation with cows getting similar rations. Cow No. Milk Fat Units Milk for 100 units Fat for 100 units 1 5427 272.4 4694 116. .S.82 2 54.S1 210. 4694 116. 4.48 3 9223 287.8 4694 197. 6.15 HERD 4, COW 4 HERD 4. COW 8 17 In herd No. 4 we find that cow No. 4 gave 10,272 lbs. milk and 349.7 lbs. fat on 6494 units of feed, this being 158.2 lbs. milk and 5.4 lbs. fat for each 100 units of feed. Cow No. 8 in the same herd gave 8616 lbs. milk and 2 1.4 lbs. fat on 4926 units of feed. This was equivalent to 175 lbs. milk and 5.7 lbs. fat for each 100 units of feed, or 16.8 lbs. milk and .2 lbs. fat more per 100 units of feed than did No. 4, which had'a large yearly total. Herd No. 15 contains two cows which gave practically the same amount of milk and fat, yet one gave a much larger profit than the other, due to difference in feed cost. Cow No. Milk 1 7788 11 7896 Further study of the records will show many other points of interest to the careful dairyman. Fat Units Milk for 100 units Fat for 100 units 271.4 7171 108. .S 3.8 280. 5633 140. 5. A PROMISING YOUNG BULL AT THE HEAD OF HERD No. 21 Norfolk-Middlesex Dairy Improvement Records. On the following pages will be found the records of the Norfolk-Middlesex Dairy Improvement Association. The figures are year totals for the different cows complet- ing a full year's test and are taken from the report of the tester, Mr. R. F. Johnson, with- out verification. They represent a statement of the feed cost for the cows, but do not include charge for labor, taxes, interest, depreciation, etc., which properly come into a complete statement of the herd for the year. Apparent discrepancies in value of milk are due in many cases to cows freshening when price of milk was fluctuating. In studying the data, close attention should be paid to the price of milk, as there is a wide variation in the amount received by the different men, and unless this is taken into account the relative value of cows or methods of handling cannot properly be judged. 18 •^I! W '10 -isd ^ ^ ^ J^ ?. 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