^ ,% o . -% v^^ -r,^ • . -^^ i>' ^ V^ ^f f ^-^.%^ a- * ^ ^^^^ ■ V 1-* - ,vN^'<^^. =^- \: .0- ^ - 4 rr\ '■ "^J^ ^^ \' * ■"5»^ .»,■*■ .^ ainalecta ^nglo#ajconita. A SELECTION, IN PROSE AND VERSE, FROM ANGLO-SAXON AUTHORS OF VARIOUS AGES; WITH A GLOSSARY. DESIGNED CHIEFLY AS A FIRST BOOK FOR STUDENTS. ttlP By benjamin THORPE, F.S.A. HON. MEMB. OF THE ISL. LIT. SOC. COPENH. LONDON: JOHN AND ARTHUR ARCH, CORNHILL. 1834. PRINTED BY RICHARD TAYLOR, RED HON COURT, FLEET SIREET. PREFACE. J. HE present Volume is the result of a wish to promote amongst us the study of the language and literature of our Saxon forefathers, by supplying students to whom the inflections of the tongue are already familiar, with a Work, though small in compass, yet, from the nature of its contents and its glossarial illustrations, capable of conducting them far onward towards the possession of their object'^. Like the generality of first attempts, it is, I am too well aware, extremely defective both in plan and execu- tion, and has large demands to make upon the indul- gence of its readers ; but I shall not regret having sent it forth to the world, if, by its publication, the study of the old vernacular tongue of England, so much neg- lected at home, and so successfully cultivated by foreign philologists, shall be promoted in the land where it once flourished. ^ Should the plan ever be carried into effect of forming in this country an establishment similar to the Ecole des Archives at Paris, it is hoped that the present volume will be found useful as a text-book for the in- struction of the pupils in what will undoubtedly be considered an im- portant branch of their education. a2 iv PREFACE. In selecting the pieces of which the volume consists, I have not confined myself to extracts from works al- ready printed, but, for the sake of adding to its interest, have occasionally borrowed from the manuscript stores of the Cottonian and Bodleian libraries. A brief notice of the several extracts will best enable the reader to form a judgement of the Work here laid before him. They are as follows : — I. Extracts from the Gospels, from the edition of Mar- shall and Junius, printed at Dort, in 4to, 1665. One chapter is given in the Saxon character, that the student may have no difficulty when he meets vi^ith any work in that character, either printed or manuscript. The first chapter of Mark is accompanied by the Northumbrian Gloss, from the celebrated Durham Book, MS. Cott. Nero D. IV.^5 for the sake of comparing the dialects. II. ^Ifric's Preface to the Book of Genesis. The First Chapter of Genesis. The History of Job. The above are from Thwaites's edition of the Heptateuch, corrected, in one or two instances, from De Lisle's transcript in the Bodleian Library. III. Extracts from the Saxon Chronicle ; Chiefly from the text of Dr. Ingram's edition. In these extracts, especially the later ones, the student will find the language extremely corrupt and ungrammatical. * This, as well as the Rush worthian Gloss, MS. Bodl., together with all the A. S. translations of the Gospels, are about to appear in a quarto volume, through the munificence of the University of Cambridge. PREFACE. V IV. Extracts from King Alfred's Translation of Orosius, from a MS. in the Cottonian Library. V. The Life of St. Hilda, with an Account of the Poet Ceedmon, from a MS. of Bedee Hist. Eccles. in the Library of C. C. C. Oxon., collated with Smith's edition. VL Homilies. 1 . De Fide Catholica, 2. In Septuagesima, 3. In Natale S" Cuthberhti, 4. In Natale S" Eadmundi, yfrom Bodleian MSS. In the Homily for St. Cuthbert*s Day occur some incidents not mentioned, I believe, in Beda's Life of St. Cuthbert. The Homily for St. Edmund's Day, which is a translation from Abbo's Latin narrative, is in barbarous Semi-Saxon, apparently in the East- Anglian dialect, and, as well as that for St. Cuthbert's Day, is alliterative, a circumstance which had escaped my notice, until pointed out to me by my friend Jos. Stevenson, Esq., of the British Museum, by whom I am informed that a purer text of the same Homily exists among the treasures of the Cottonian. VII. Extracts from King Alfred's translation of Boetius. 1. The Story of Orpheus, ") from Rawlinson's edi- 2. The Story of Ulysses, J tion. VIII. A Description of the Mandrake, from the Saxon translation of Apuleius de Herbis. MS. Cott. At the head of this article in the Cottonian MS. is an illumination representing a dog in the act of drawing the plant out of the earth, according to the method laid down in the text. vi • PREFACE. IX. A Dialogue between Saturn and Solomon, from a Cottonian MS. In this singular composition, which seems founded upon Rabbinical fictions, the language, apparently from ignorance of the scribe, is occasionally ungrammatical. In the Red Book of Derby, MS. C. C. C. Camb., is a metrical dialogue between the same parties, which, with other curious extracts from Cambridge MSS., it is to be hoped, will soon be given to the public by my highly gifted friend, J. M. Kemble, Esq., M.A., of Trin. Coll. Camb., to whose zeal in the cause of our old native literature we are already indebted for a very cor- rect and critical edition of the text of Beoxvulf, accompanied by a Glossary of the more difficult words. See, a work which cannot be too strongly recommended to the advanced scholar, as being, if not the most, at least among the most, valuable relics of the literature of Teutonic Europe. At the same time, I cannot withhold my regret that we have not been favoured with his complete Glossary, earnestly wishing that it may soon^ appear, accompanied by his translation of the poem. X. ^Ifrici Colloquium, from a Cottonian MS. In this Colloquy, the Saxon is only an interlinear gloss to the Latin ; the design of its author being, by means of a Hamiltonian version^, to facilitate to children the acquire- ment of the Latin tongue. As presenting a curious picture of times and manners, it is both valuable and entertaining. Lye cites it under the title Coll. Mon. XI. Two Wills, from the Cottonian Library, Barbarously written in the dialect of East Anglia, which naturally bears a near resemblance to that of Northumbria, * " There is no new thing under the sun," Eccles. 1. 9. k PREFACE. vii as seen in the Durham Book. Archbishop Ceolnoth, men- tioned in the second of these Wills, was consecrated a.d. 830, and died a.d. 870. XII. The Death of Byrhtnoth, or, The Battle of Maldon, — a fragment, printed as prose at the end of Hearne's edition of Johannis Glastoniensis Chronicon, from a Cottonian MS. The MS. containing this valuable relic perished in the fire of 1731. That the poem was not wholly lost to us is owing to the zeal of Thomas Hearne for publishing everything curious relating to early English history. The chief of the Northmen, though not mentioned in the fragment, was the famous Olaf Tr}'ggvason, as appears frqm the following passages in the Chronicle :— " A.D. dccccxciii. Her on " ]7yssum geare com Unlaf ^ mid J^rym ^ hund-nigentigon " scipum to Stane ^ forhergodon f on ytan, ^ for fanon to " Sandwic, ^ swa ]7onan to Gypeswic, ^ f eal ofer-eode ; ^ " swa to Maeldune, ■;) him com )7aer togenes ByrhtnoS eal- *' dorman mid his fyrde, ^ him wijS gefeaht, '^ hie ]7one eal- " dorman )?aer ofslogon, "3 wael-stowe geweald ahton, ^ him " man nam fri^ wi^, ^ hine nam se cyning sy^^an to bi- " scopes handa, l?urh Sirices lare, Cantware biscopes." " A.D. Dccccxciv. Da sende se cyng aefter Anlafe cyningc " Alfeah biscop ^ ^^jjelweard ealdorman, j man gislade ]7a " hwile into )7am scipum, ^ hi Ipa laeddon Anlaf mid myc- " clum wur^scipe to )7am cynge to Andeferan, ^ se cyng " ^^elraed his onfeng aet biscopes handa, -j him cynelice " gifode, ;j him )7a Anlaf behet swa he hit eac gelaeste, f he " nsefre eft to Angel-cynne mid unfri^e cuman nolde." ^ * Unlaf and Anlaf are mistakes of the Saxon scribe for Olaf. ^ The substance of the above was communicated by my friend Mr. Richard Taylor. viii PREFACE. For further particulars respecting the Battle of Maldoii, tlie reader is referred to Conybeare's Illustrations, p. Ixxxvii, &c. where a translation of the poem is given, and an interest- ing extract from the Ely Chronicle upon the subject. XIII. Judith, a fragment ; Printed as prose at the end of Thwaites's edition of the Heptateuch. The present text is, however, founded upon a careful collation of Thwaites's with the Cott. MS. This fragment, perhaps, more than any other composition, leads us to form a very high idea of the poetic powers of our fore- fathers. The entire poem, of which it probably formed but an inconsiderable portion, must have been a noble produc- tion. XIV. The Grave, a fragment, from a Bodleian MS. This singularly impressive and almost appalling fragment is in the margin of a volume of Semi-Saxon Homilies in the Bodleian Library. It is also printed in Conybeare's Illus- trations, with a Latin and an English translation : but the text now given, which deviates in several places from Mr. Conybeare's, is founded upon a careful and repeated colla- tion with the MS. XV. The History of King Leir and his Daughters, from two Cottonian MSS. , One of these (Otho C. XIII.) is now only a bundle of fragments, having suffered severely in the fire of 1731. It differs both in age (being more recent) and dialect from the other (Calig. A. IX.), of which it nevertheless seems to be a rifacimento, and by no very skilful hand ; several obscure passages in the earlier MS. being in this either misunder- stood, or wholly left out. The entire Chronicle, in both texts, with a translation, is about to be edited by Sir F. Madden, under the auspices of the Society of Antiquaries. PREFACE. ix This and the following extracts are in Semi-Saxon, in which the vocabulary is still free from foreign terms, but the grammatical construction nearly subverted. XVI. Extracts from the Ormulum. This singular work is among the Junian MSS. in the Bodleian Library. It consists of a metrical paraphrase of the Gospels, interspersed with moralizations, by an eccle- siastic named Orm, or Ormin, by whom it is addressed to his brother Walter. It is without rime, in lines of fifteen syllables, which for smoothness of rhythm ^ may vie with many modern productions. The aut(jor seems to have been a critic in his mother-tongue ; and to his idea of doubling the consonant after a short vowel (as in German)^ we are enabled to form some tolerably accurate notions as to the pronunciation of our forefathers. Thus he writes min with a single n only, because the / is long or diphthongal, as in our mine. So also in kinde (pronounced as our hind)^ dom, hoc, had, lif (pronounced as our life\ &c. On the other hand, wherever the consonant is doubled, the vowel pre- ceding is short and sharp, as in gett (pronounced as our yet^ not y ate, as it would be if written with a single t), Godd (pro- nounced God, not Gode), &c. Thus hus is to be pronounced koos, whereas )?uss, with a double s, is our thtts. Mr. Tyi*- whiit, therefore, had done well, even for his own sake, to have spared his injudicious remark upon this peculiarity of the author, for which every critical student of our early lan- guage is so much indebted to him ^. =* This rhythmus is preserved, as in the pure Anglo-Saxon and other languages, by pronouncing the final e as a syllable, except where it pre- cedes a vowel or an aspirate. ^ " There is a peculiarity in the author's orthography, which consists " in doubling the consonants ; e.g. brother he writes brotherr ; after, b X PREFACE. Orm's dialect merits, if any, to be called Dano-Saxon : his name also betrays a Scandinavian descent. X^"II. By way of Supplement, I have reprinted the *' Spell," which had been given somewhat in- correctly by Rask at the end of his Anglo- Saxon Grammar, who copied it from Nyerup's Symbolcs ad Ldteraturam Teutonicam Antiquio- rem. The present text is founded upon two careful collations of the Cottonian MS., one by myself, the other sent me by a friend. This Spell, written in A7iglo-Saxon, was considered by one who has been styled " Magnum lingua Anglo-Saxonicce oraculum^^ as being by the same hand, and in the same style as the 0/<:?-Saxon Harmonia Evangelica, Cott. MS., which the same individual opines to have been composed by an Anglo-Saxon for the use of Canute the Great, then recently converted to Christianity, in a dialect mixed up for the occasion (so as to suit both the Saxon writer and Danish reader), of Anglo-Saxon and Old Norse ^. Had this indeed *' affterr, &c. He has done this by design, and charges those who shall " copy his book, to be very careful to write those letters twice which " he has written so, as otherwise he assures them 'they will not write " ' the word right.' Hickes has taken notice of this peculiarity, but has " not attempted to explain the author's reasons for it ; and indeed, with- " out a more perfect knowledge than we now probably can have of the " Saxon pronunciation, they seem totally inexpHcable. In the few " lines which I think it necessary to quote here as a specimen of the " metre, I shall venture (first begging Ormin's pardon for disregarding " his injunction,) to leave out the superfluous letters; and I shall also, " for my ease as well as that of the reader, transcribe them in modem " characters." — Essay on the Language and Versification of Chaucer. ^ " Junius locum hunc {Exorcismum scil.) desumsit ex codice nuper " memorato Cottoniano membranaceo, Cahg. A. 7., apographoque sue PREFACE. xi been the case, the Danish king would have had to study a strange jargon* for his edification. But such ingredients, however long brayed together, would never produce a com- pound so grammatically regular as the fine Old-Saxon Har- mony of the Four Gospels ^. Of the Glossary, little is to be said beyond expressing the wish that it may be found useful and convenient. I have occasionally given the German and Danish syno- nyms, but rather for the amusement than instruction of students. An attempt is also for the first time made to assign the declensions and genders to the nouns-substan- " talem prsefecit praefationem; 'Mihi uterque tractatus (Harmonia Evan- " 'gelica et Exorcismus) eadem manu atque eodem stilo ^'idetur scrip - " ' tus. Eandem utrobique manum statim agnoscent inspicientium oculi. " ' Eundem in utroque tractatu stilum actutum quoque dignoscent in " ' antiquitate Caedmoniana leviter modo versati : totus enim in eo fuisse ' ' ' deprehenditur utriusque opens auctor, ut aliquam operi suo reveren- " ' tiam crebra grandisoni ac paucissimis jam intellecti poematis vesti- " ' gia.' " — Nyerup, Symbola, Prsef. p. xxiii. " In praefatione ad excerpta ex hoc codice, quae inter Juniana inBibl. " Bodl. asservantur, Franciscus Junius ita judicat : ' Mihi ab Anglo- " • Saxone quodam tractatus videtur scriptus Fortasse " ' tunc temporis major adhuc fuerit affinitas Anglo -Saxonicae Danicae- " ' que dialecti cum Gothica vetere, atque adeo studuerit autorhanc pa- " ' raphrasticam Evangeliorum versionem j^er quandam affinium dialecto- " 'rum mixturam accommodare captui Regis, doctrina salutari nuperrime " ' inibuti, forte an adhuc imbuendi.' " — lb., p. xx. * " A Babylonish dialect. As if h' had talk'd three parts in one ; Which made some think, when he did gabble, Th' had heard three labourers of Babel, Or Cerberus himself pronounce A leash of languages at once." — Hudibras, Part I. Canto 1. ^ The Bamberg (now Munich) text of this valuable relic has been recently published at Munich, with the various readings of the Cotto- nian MS., by Mr. Schmeller. xli PREFACE. tive, which would have been carried further, and with greater accuracy, had not the Glossary been already completed, and partly printed, before the third part of the Deutsche Grammatik, that noblest monument of Teutonic philology, reached my hands ^. The Grammar quoted throughout the work is my translation of Prof. Rask's. The following Table of Contents is arranged accord- ing to the order in which it may be advisable to read the extracts : I. From the New Testament page! — 24 II. First Chapter of Genesis 29—31 III. History of Job , . . 31—37 IV. ^Ifrici CoUoquimn 101—118 V. Life of St. Hilda, &c 49—58 VI. From King Alfred's Orosius 43—48 VII. From King Alfred's Boetius "I The Stories of Orpheus and of Ulysses J VIII. ^Ifric's Preface 25—28 IX. Homilies 59—84 X. Description of the Mandrake 94 XL Dialogue between Saturn and Solomon . . 95 — 100 XII. The Spell 179—181 XIII. From the Saxon Chronicle 37—43 XIV. Homily for St. Edmund's Day 84—90 XV. Wills ' 118—120 XVI. The Death of Byrhtnoth, or The Battle of Maldon 121—130 XVII. Judith 131—141 XVIII. The Grave 142 XIX. The History of King Lear and his Daughters 1 43 — 1 70 XX. From the Ormulum 171—178 =" Deutsche Grammatik, von Jacob Grimm, 3 Theile. Gottingen, 1822, 1826, 1831. ANALECTA ANGLO-SAXONICA. FROM THE NEW TESTAMENT. MATTHEW, Chapter II. 1. EORNOSTLICE ]>a se Haelend acemied waes on lu- deiscre Bethleem, on )78es cyninges dagum Herodes, fa comon )7a tungol-witegan fram east d^le, to Hierusalem. 2. And cwaedon : Hwaer ys se ludea cyning J7e acenned ys ? So^Iice we gesawon hys steorran on east-daele, and we comon us him to ge-eadmedenne. 3. Da Herodes )7aet gehyrde, J^a wear^ he gedrefed, and eal Hierosolim-waru mid him. 4. And fa gegaderode Herodes ealle ealdras faera sacerda, and folces writeras, and axode hwaer Crist acenned wsere. 5. Da saedon hi him : On ludeiscre Bethlem : witodlice fus ys awriten furh fone witegan, 6. And )?u Bethleem, ludea-land, witodlice ne eart fu laest on luda ealdrum : of fe for^-gae^ se here-toga, se fe rec^ min folc Israhel. 7. Herodes fa clypode on sunder-spraece ^a tungel- witegan, and befran hi georne, hwaenne se steorra him ateowde. 8. And he asende hi to Bethleem, and fus cwaeS : Fara^, and axia^ geornlice be fam cilde, and fonne ge hyt gemeta^, cyfa^ eft me, faet ic cume, and me to him gebidde. 9. Da hi f aet gebod gehyrdon, fa ferdon hi ; and so^lice se 2 MATTH. Chap. II. steorra, ]>e hi on east-da?le gesawoii, him beforan ferde, o^ he stod ofer )>8er )>aet cild waes. 10. SoSlice )?a ^a tungel-witegan J7one steorran gesawon, hi faegenodon swySe myclum gefean. 11. And gangende into J>am huse hi gemetton )?aet cild, mid Marian hys meder, and hi aj^enedon hi, and hi to him gebaedon ; and hi untyndon hyra gold-hordas, and him lac brohton ; ]7aet waes gold, and recels, and myrre. 1 2. And hi afengon andsware on swefniim, ]?aet hi eft to He- rode ne hwyrfdon, ac hi, on o^erne weg, on hyra rice ferdon. 13. Da hi )7a ferdon, J^a astywde Dryhtnes engel losepe on swefnum, and J7us cwae^ : Aris, and nim ]>aet cild and his modor, and fleoh on ^gypta-land, and beo }7aer o^ ic ]7e secge : Towerd ys )7aet Herodes sec^ faet cild to forspillenne. 14. He aras )7a and nam )7aet cild, and his modor on niht, and ferde on ^gyptum : 15. And waes )7aer o^ Herodes forS-si^: )7aet waere gefylled )7aet ]?e fram Drihtne gecweden waes, J?urh )7one witegan : Of iEgyptum ic minne sunu geclypode. 16. Da waes Herodes swy^e gebolgen, for]7am ]}e he bepaeht waes fram |?am tungel-witegum, and he asende J7a and ofsloh ealle J7a cild ]>e on Bethleem wasron, and on eallum hyre gemaerum, fram twy wintrum cilde and binnan J?am ; aefter )?aere tide ])e he geahsode fram J?am tungol-witegum. 17. Da waes gefylled )7aet gecweden waes J^urh Hieremiam fone witegan. 1 8. Stefn waes on hehnysse gehyred, wop and mycel j70torung ; Rachel weop hyre beam, and heo nolde bedn gefrefred, for)?am J7e hi naeron. 19. So^lice )7a Herodes waes for^faren, witodlice, on swefne, Drihtnes engel aetywde losepe, on iEgyptum, 20. And )7us cwse^ : Aris, and nim ]?aet cild and his modor, and far on Israhela-land: nu synd for'Sfarene ^e J^aes cildes sawle sohton. MATTH. Chap. III. 3 21. He aras "pa, and onfeng J^aet cild, and his modor, and com on Israhela-land. 22. Da he geh5^rde ]7aet Archelaus rixode on ludea )?e6de, for }7sene Herodera [his faeder], he ondred ]7yder to faranne : and, on swefnum gemyngod, he ferde on Galileisce daelas : 23. And he com ])a, and eardode on psere ceastre ]>e ys ge- nemned Nazareth ; J^aet waere gefylled )78et gecweden waes }>urh )7one witegan : Forj7am ])e he Nazarenisc bj'^ genemned. Chapter III. 1 . O'n )?am dagum com lohannes se fuUuhtere, and bodude on )7am westene Iiideae. 2. And cwae^: D6^ d^edbote: so^Hce genealaece^ heofona rice. 3. Dis is se be )7am ]7e gecweden ys, j^urh Esaiam )7one wite- gan: Clypiendes stefn waes on westene, gegearwia'S Drihtnes weg, do^ hys si)7as rihte. 4. Se lohannes witodHce haefde reaf of olfenda haerum, and fellenne gyrdel embehys lendenu, and hys mete waes gaerstapan and wudu-hunig. 5. Da ferde to him Hierosolim-waru, and eal ludea J7e6d, and eal ]7aet rice wi^ geondan lordanen, 6. And hi waeron gefullode on lordane fram him, and hi an- dettan hyra synna. 7. So^lice ]}a he geseh manega fjaera sunder-halgena and )?aera geriht-wisendra to his fulluhte cumende, he cwae^ to him: La naeddrena cyn, hwa geswutelode eow to fleonne fram ^am to- weardan yrre ? 8. EornostUce, do^ medemne waestm j^asre daedbote. 9. And ne cwe]?a^ betwyx eow : We habbaS Abraham us to faeder : So^hce ic secge eow, j^aet God ys swa mihtig, )7aet he maeg of f>ysum stanum aweccean Abrahames beam. 10. Eallunga ys seo aex to }>aera trywa wurtrumum asett : Eor- b2 4 MATTH. Chap. IV. nustlice aelc tryw ]>e godiie waestni ne bring^ bi^ forcorfen, and on fyr aworpen. 11. Witodlice ic eow fullige on waetere to daedbote: se ]>e aefler me towerd ys, he ys strengra )7onne ic, "Saes gescy neom ic wyr];e to berenne : he eow fulla^ on halgum Gaste, and on fyre ; 12. Daes fann ys on his handa, tind he afeorma^ his )?yrscel- flore, and he gegadera^ his hwaete on his bern ; ]?a ceafu he for- baern^ on unadwaescendlicum fyre. 13. Da com se Haelend fram Galilea to lordane to lohanne, J^aet be hine fullode. 14. lohannes ]7a so^lice forbead him, and cwae^ : Ic sceal fram ]}e beon gefullod, and cymst ]?u to me? 15. Daandswarode se Haelend him, and cwae^ : Laet nu : ]7us unc gedafena^ ealle rihtwisnisse gefyllan. Da forlet he hine. 16. So^lice ]?a se Haglend gefullod waes, hraedlice he astah of )7am waetere ; and him wurdon ]7aer rihte heofenas dntynede, and he geseah Godes gast ni)7er-stigende swa swa culfran, and wunigende ofer hyne : 17. And so^lice ])a com stefn of heofenum, and )7us cwae^: Her is min se gecorena sunu, on )7am me gelicode. Chapter IV. 1. Da waes se Haelend gelaed fram gaste on westen, )7aet he waere fram deofle costud. 2. And pa ^a he faeste feowurtig daga and feowurtig nihta, J?a ongan hine sy^^an hyngrian. 3. And ])a genealaehte se costnigend, and cwae^: Gyf fu Godes sunu sy, cwe^ 'paet J?as stanas to hlafe gewur^on. 4. Da andswarode se H^lend : Hit is awriten ; Ne leofa^ se man be hlafe anum, ac be aslcon worde )?e of Godes muj^e gae^. 5. Da gebrohte se deofol hine on )7a halgan ceastre, and asette hine ofer j^ass temples heahnesse, 6. And cwae^ to him : Gif j?u Godes sunu eart, asend ]>e )7onne MATTH. Chap. IV. 5 nyj7er : so^lice, hyt is awriten,, )7aet he his englum bebead be ^e, past hig ]>e on hyra handum beron, ]7e laes )?e "Sin fot aet stane aetsporne. 7. Da cwae^ se Haelend eft to him : Hit is awriten : Ne costna 'Su Drihten j^inne God. 8. Eft se deofol hine genam, and laedde hine on swi^e heahne munt, and aeteowde him ealle middan-eardes ricu, and hyra wuldor ; 9. And cwae^ to him : Ealle )?as ic sylle )7e, gif fu feallende to me ge-eadmetst. 10. Da cwae^ se Haelend to him: Gang ]7U, sceocca, on-baec: so^lice hit is awriten : To Drihtne )?inum Gode pu ^e ge- eadmelst, and him anum J?e6wast. 11. Da forlet se deofol hine, and englas genealaehton, and him ]7enodon. 12. So^lice pci se Haelend gehyrde J7aet lohannes belaewed waes, )?a ferde he to Galileam ; 13. And forlaetenre )7aere ceastre Nazareth, he com and eard- ode on Capharnaum, on |7am sae-gemaerum, on endum Zabulon and Neptalim: 14;. Daet waere gefylled ]7aet ]>e gecweden waes )7urh Esaiam )7one witegan, 15. Zabulones eor^u and Neptalimes eorJ>e, sass weg ofer lordane, ]7ara ]7e6da Galilea : 16. Deoda-folc J>e on )7ystrum saet geseah mycel leoht; and sittendum on gearde dea}>es scade is leoht up-asprungen. 1 7. Sy^^an ongan se Haelend bodian, and cwe)7an : D6S daed- bote, so^lice heofona rice genealaecS. 18. Da se Haelend eode wi^ ^a Galileiscan sae, he geseh twe- gen gebro^ru, Simonem, se waes genemned Petrus, and Andream his bro]7or, sendende hyra nett on J7a sae ; so^lice hi waeron fis- ceras. 19. And he saede him : CumaS efter me, and ic do j^aet gyt beo^ manna fisceras. 6 MARK, Chap. V. 20. And hi );8er rihte forleton hyra net, and him fyHdon. 21. And )7a he j^anon code, he geseh twegen o^re gebro^ru, lacobum Zebedei ; and lohannen his bro^ur, on scype mid hyra faeder Zebedeo, remigende hyra net, arid he clypode hi. 22. Hi ]>a sona forleton hyra nett and hyra faeder, and him fyUdon. 23. And )7a beferde se Haelend ealle Galileam, laerende on hyra gesomnungum ; and he waes bodiende godspell |?8es rices, and haelende aelce adle and aelce untmmnysse on )7am folce. 24-. And ]>a ferde his hlisa into ealle Syriam, and hi brohton him ealle yfel hsebbende [mid] missenlicum adlum, and on tintre- gum gegripene, and ]7a "Se deofel-seocnessa haefdon, and mona^- seoce, and laman ; and he )?a gehaelde. 25. And him fyligdon mycele menigu fram Galilea, and fram Decapoli, and fram Hierusalem, and fram ludea, and fram be- geondan lordanen. MARK, Chapter V. 1. Da comon hi ofer )7aere saes mu^an, on )?aet rice Gerase- norum. 2. And hym of scipe gangendum, hym sona agen arn an man of )7am byrgenum, on unclaenum gaste, 3. Se haefde on byrgenum scraef: and hyne nan man mid racenteagum ne mihte gebindan. 4. For]7am he oft, mid fotcopsum and racenteagum gebunden, to-slat ]>a racenteaga, and ])a fotcopsas to-braec ; and hyne nan man gewyldan ne mihte. 5. And symble, daeges and nihtes, he waes on byrgenum, and on muntum, hrymende, and hyne sylfne mid stanum ceorf- ende. 6. So^lice, )?a he J^asne H«lend feorran geseah, he arn and hyne gebaed, 7. And mycelre stemne hremde, and ]7us cwae^ : Eala maera MARK, Chap. V. 7 Haelend, Godes sunu, hwaet is me and )7e ? Ic halsige J^e, ]>iirh God, ]>8dt ]>u me ne )?reage. 8. Da cwae^ se Haelend : Eala ]?u unclaena gast, ga of )?ys- sum men. 9. Da ahsode he hyne : Hwaet is ]?in nama ? Da cwae^ he ; Min nama is Legio, for]?am we manega synt. 10. And he hyne swy^e baed, 'paet he hyne of )7am rice ne dyde. 11. Dar waes embe ]?one munt my eel swyna heord laeswigende. 12. And ]?a unclaenan gastas hyne baedon, and cwaedon : Send us on ]7as swyn, faet we on hig gan. 13. And )?a lyfde se Haelend sona; and )7a eodon )7a unclaenan gastas on ]?a swyn ; and on mycelum hryre seo heord wear^ on sae bescofen, twa ]7usehdo, and wurdon adruncene on ]?aere sae. 14. SoMce )7a )7e hig heoldon flugun, and cy^don on ])aeve ceastre, and on lande : and hig ut-eodun ]?aet hig gesawon hwaet )7ar gedon waere. 15. And hig comon to )7am Haelende, and hig gesawon ]?one J7e mid deofle gedreht waes, gescrydne sittan, and hales modes; and hig hym ondredun. 16. And hig rehtun hym, ]>a ^e hit gesawon, hu hit gedon waes be };am ]7e deofol-seocnesse haefde, and be )7am swynum. 1 7. And hig basdon hyne ]7aet he of hyra gemaerum fore. 18. Da he on scip eode, hyne ongan biddan, se J7e aer mid deofle gedreht waes, j^aet he mid hym waere. 19. Hym )7a se Haelend ne geti)7ode; ac he saede hym: Ga to ]?inum huse, to )?inum hiwum, and cy^ hym hu mycel Drihten gedyde, and he gemiltsode )7e. 20. And he J7a ferde, and ongan bodigean on Decapolim hu fiela se Haelend hym dyde ; and hig ealle wundredon. 21. And ])a se Haelend eft on scype ferde ofer )7one mu)7an, him com to mycel menigeo; and waes embe ]7a sae. 22. And ]7a com sum of heah-gesamnungum, lairus hatte; and )?a he hyne geseah, he astrehte hyne to hys fotum. 23. And hyne swyj^e baed, and he cwae^ : Min dohtor is on 8 MARK, Chap. V. y temestum si]>e ; com and sete }>ine hand ofer hig, f aet heo hal sy, and lybbe. 24. Da ferde he mid him ; and hym fyligde mycel menigu, and j^rungon hyne. 25. And ];a )7aet wif )?e on blodes ryne twelf winter waes. 26. And fram manegum laecum fela J^inga ]7olode, and daelde eall ]7ast heo ahte, and hit naht ne fremode, ac waes ])e wyrse : 27. Da heo be j^am Haelende gehyrde, heo com wi^-aeftan ]?a menigu, and hys reaf aethran. 28. So^lice heo cwae^ : Gif ic fur];on hys reafes aethrine, ic beo hal. 29. And ]7a sona wear^S hyre blodes ryne adruwud ; and heo on hyre gefredde, j^aet heo of ]7am wite gehaeled waes. 30. And J>a se Haelend oncneow on him silfum, |7aet hym msegen of-eode, he cwae^, bewend to J^aere menigu : Hwa aethran mine reaf? 31. Da cwaedon hys leorning-cnihtas : Du gesyhst J7as menigu ]>e )7ringende, and ]}u cwyst : Hwa aethran me ? 32. And ]?a beseah hyne, J^aet he gesawe ]7aene 'pe J^aet dyde. 33. Daet wif ]7a, ondrasdende and forhtigende, com and astrehte hig beforan hym, and sasde hym eall }>ast ryht. 34. Da cwae^ se Haelend : Dohtor, ]?in geleafa fe hale gedyde ; ga ]>e on sibbe, and beo of }7issum hal. 35. Hym J7a gyt sprecendum, hig comon fram fam heah-ge- samnungum, and cwaedon : Din dohtor is dead ; hwi drecst ]fu leng )7one lareow ? 36. Da he gehyrde ]>adt word, ]?a cwae'S se Haelend: Ne on- draed ]?u )7e, gelyf for an. 37. And he ne let hym aenig ne fylgean, buton Petrum, and lacobum, and lohannem lacobes bro^or. 38. And hig comon on )?aes heah-ealdres hus, and he geseah mycel gehlyd, wepende and geomrigende. 39. And ]>a he in-eode he cwae^, Hwi synd ge gedrefede and wepa^ ? Nys fis maeden dead, ac heo slaep^. Da tseldon hi hyne. MARK, Chap. XI. 9 40. He J?a, eallum ut-adrifenum, nam J^aes masdenes feeder and moder and ]>a J^e mid liim waeron, and in-eodon suwiende )?ar )7aBt maeden waes. 41. And hyre hand nam, and cwae^: Thalimtha cumi : j^aet is, on ure gej^eode gereht : Maeden, ]?e ic secge, aris. 42. And heo sona aras and code: so^lice heo waes twelf win- tre, and ealle hig wundredun mycelre wundrunge. 43. And he him J7earle behead, faet hig hyt nanum men ne saedon ; and he het hyre etan syllan. Chapter XL 1. Da he genealaehte Hierusalem, and Bethania, to Olivetes dune, he sende his twegen leorning-cnihtas, 2. And cwae^ to hym : Fara^ to ]7am castelle J7e ongean inc ys ; and gyt J^ar sona gemeta^ assan folan getiggedne, ofer Ipaene nan man gyt ne saet; iintigea^ hyne, and to me gelaeda^. 3. And gyf hwa to inc hwaet cwyb, secga'S )7aet Drihten haefS hys neode ; and he hyne sona hider laet. 4. And ]?a hig ut-ferdon, hi gemetton ]7one folan iite, on twy- cinan, beforan dura, getigedne : )7a untigdon hy hine. 5. And sume ]7e ]7ar stodon, ]7us saedon him : Hwaet do gyt ]7one folan untigende ? 6. Da cwaedon hig : Swa se Haelend unc bead, and hi leton hig ]7a. 7. Da laeddon hig ]7one folan to )7am Haelende, and hi hyra reaf 6n-aledon ; and he 6n-saet. 8. Manega hyra reaf on ]7one weg strehton ; sume ]7a bogas of ]7am treowum heowun, and streowodon on )7one weg. 9. And )?a ^e beforan eodon, and )?a ^e aefter folgodon, cwae- don ]?us : Osanna; sy gebletsod se fe com on Drihtnes naman. 10. Sy gebletsod J7aet rice J>e com ures faeder Dauides; Osanna, on heahnessum. 1 1 . And he code J>a on Hierosolima tempel, and ealle J^ing he 10 MARK, Chap. XI. besceavvode, ar6n aht funde ; J7a he hym to-com, ne funde he ]?ar buton leaf ane ; so^lice hit waes )73es fic-treowes tima. 14. Da cwae^ he: Heononfor^ on ecnesse ne ete aenig man waestm of ^e. And hys leorning-cnihtas |7aet gehyrdon. 15. Da conion hig eft to Hierusalem; and ]?a he on 'paet tempi eode, he ongann drifan of )7am temple syllende and bicgende, and mynetera frocu, and heah-setlu ]7e 'Sa culfran ciptun he to- bragc; 16. And he ne gefafode )7aet aenig man senig fast J;urh )?aBt tempi baere. 17. And he ];a laerende, fus cwae^ to hym : Nys hit awriten )7aet min hus fram eallum J>e6dum by^ genemned gebed-hus ? so^lice ge dydon J^set to sceaj^ena scraefe. 18. Da ]7aera sacerda ealdras and )?a boceras ]?is gehyrdon, hi ]7ohton hu hi hyne forspildon ; ]>eh hi hym adredon hyne, for]7am eall seo menigu wundrode be hys lare. 1 9. And J>a hit aefen waes, he eode of ]7aere ceastre. 20. O'n mergen, ]7a hig ferdon, hi gesawon ]?ast fic-treow, for- scruncen of J?am wurtruman. 21. Da [myndig waes Petrus and] cwae^: Lareow, loca hu forscranc ]7aet fic-treow 'pe ]>u wyrgdest. 22. Da cwae^ se Haelend, him andswarigende : Habba^ Godes truwan. 23. Ic secge eow to so)?e : Swa hwylc swa cwy^ to )7isum munte : Sy J»u afyrred and on s^ aworpen, and on his heortan ne twy- na^, ac gelyfS; swa hwaet swa he cwy^ : Gewur^e ]7is, J>aet gewyr^. 24. For)7am ic eow secge, swa hwaet swa ge gyrnende bidda^, gelyfa^ )?aet ge hit onfo^, and hit eow becym^. 25. And ]7onne ge standa^ eow to gebiddenne, forgyfa^, gif LUKE, Chap. II. 11 ge hwaet agen aenigne habba^; )7aet eow eower synna forgyfe eower heofonlica Fasder, se ]>e on heofonum ys. 26. Gyf ge ne forgyfa^, ne eow eower synna ne forgyfS eower Faeder, ];e on heofonum ys. 27. Da com he eft to Hierusalem ; and ]7a he on ]7am temple eode, him to-genealaehton ]7a heah-sacerdas, and boceras, and ealdras, 28. And ]?us cwaedon : O'n hwylcum anwealde dest ]}u )?as )?ing? and hwa sealde 'pe J^isne anweaid, J^aet ]7U J^is do ? 29. Da cwae^ se Haelend : And ic ahsige eow anre spraece ; andswaria^ me, and ic secge eow j7onne on hwylcum anwealde ic J7is do. 30. Hwae)7er waes lohannes fulluht J?e of heofone, )?e of man- num ? andswaria^ me. 31. Da j7ohton hig, and cwaedon betweox hym : Gyf we sec- ga^, of heofone; he secg^ us: Hwi ne gelyfde ge him? 32. Gyf we secga^ : Of mannum ; we dndraeda^ )?is folc : ealle hi haefdon lohannem J7aet he waere so^lice witega. 33. Da andswaredon hi ]7am Haelende and cwaedon : We nyton. Da cwae^ se Haelend : Ne ic eow ne secge on hwylcum anwealde ic ]?as ^incg do. LUKE, Chapter IL 1 . So^lice on ]>am dagum waes geworden gebod fram )7am Ca- sere Augusto, J7aet eall ymb-hwyrft waere to-mearcod. 2. Deos to-mearcodnes waes aerest geworden fram ]?am deman Syrie Cirino. 3. And ealle hi eodon, and synderlice ferdon on hyra ceastre. 4^ Da ferde losep fram Galilea of )7aere ceastre Nazareth, on ludeisce ceastre Dauides, seo is genemned Bethleem; for)?am J7e he waes of Dauides huse and hirede. 5. Dae the ferde mid Marian )?e him beweddod waes, and waes ge-eacnod. 12 LUKE, Chap. II. 6. SoSlice wj.es gewdrden. J>a hi J^ar wijeron, hyre dagas waeron gefyllede pivt heo cende. 7. And heo cende hyre frumcennedan sunu, and hyne mid cild-claj)um bewand, and hyne 6n binne alede, forfam ]?e hig naefdon rum on ciimena-huse. 8. And hyrdas waeron on ]7am ylcan rice wacigende, and nyht- waeccan healdende ofer heora heorda. 9. Da stod Drihtnes engel wi^ hig, and Godes beorhtnes hym ymbe-scean : and hi hym mycekim ege adredon. 10. And se engel hym to-cwag'b : Nelle ge eow adraedan : sd'S- lice nu ic eow bodige mycelne gefean, se byS eallum folce. 11. For]7am to daeg eow is Haelend acenned, se is Drihten Crist, on Dauides ceastre. 12. And ]?is tacen eow by^ ; Ge gemeta^ an cild hraeglum be- wunden, and on binne aled. 1 o. And ]7a waes feringa geworden mid ]7am engle mycelnes heofonlices weredes, God herigendra and )7us cwe]?endra : 14. God sy wuldor on heahnesse, and on eorfan sybb man- num godes willan. 15. And hit waes geworden, J^a ^a englas to heofone ferdon, ]7a hyrdas hym betwynan spraecon and cwaedon : Utun faran to Bethleem, and geseon )7aet word ]7e geworden is, )7aet Drihten us aetywde. 16. And hig efstende comon, and gemetton Marian and lo- sep, and ]7aet cild on binne aled. 1 7. Da hi ]7aBt gesawon, )7a oncneowon hi be J^am worde J^e hym gesaed waes be )?am cilde. 1 8. And ealle ^a ]?e gehyrdon wundredon be ]7am ]fe hym J7a hyrdas saedon. 19. Maria geheold ealle J^as word, on hyreheortan smeagende. 20. Da gevvendon ham ])a hyrdas, God wuldrigende and he- riende on eallum J^am ^e hi gehyrdon and gesawon, swa to hym gecweden waes. 21. ^fter ]7am ^e ehta dagas gefyllede waeron, j^aet ]7aet cild LUKE, Chap. II. 13 emb-snyden waere, his nama waes Haelend, se waes fram engle genemned, aer he on inno^e ge-eacnod waere. 22. And aefter ]7am "pe hyre claensunge dagas gefyllede waeron aefter Moyses se, hi Igeddon hyne on Hierusalem, and hi hyne Gode gesettun. 25. Swa swa on Drihtnes ae awriten is: Daet aelc waspned gecynd-lim ontynende, bi^ Drihtne halig genemned. 24. And )78et hi ofFrunge sealdon, aefter )7am 'pe Drihtnes ae gecweden is, twa turtlan, oppe twegen culfran briddas. 25. And pa waes an man on Hierusalem, J>aes nama waes Si- meon ; and ]7es man waes rihtwis, and Israhela frofor ge-anbidi- ende : and halig Gast him on waes. 26. And he andsware fram ]?am halegan Gaste onfeng, J^aet he dea^ ne gesawe buton he aer Drihten Crist gesawe, 27. And on gaste he on )?aet tempel com. And pa hys magas laeddon ]7one Haelend, ]?aet hig for hym aefter ]7aere ae gewunan dydon ; 28. He onfeng hyne mid hys handum, and God bletsode, and cwae^, 29. Drihten, nu )7u laetst ]7inne j^edw, aefter J^inum worde, on sibbe : 30. For]?am mine eagan gesawon )?ine haele, 31. Da ]7u ge-earwudest beforan ansyne ealra folca: 32. Leoht to feoda awrigenesse: and to )?ines folces wuldre Israhel. 33. Da waes his feeder and his modor wundrigende be J^am pe be hym gesaede waeron. 34. And pa bletsude hig Simeon, and cwae^ to Marian hys meder, Loca nu, ]7es is on hryre and on aeryst asett manegra on Israhel, and on tacen ]?am ^e wi^-cweden by^ ; 35. And hys swurd J>ine sawle )7urh-faer^, paet ge]7ohtas syn awrigene of manegum heortum. 36. And Anna wass witegestre, Fanueles dohtor, of Asseres maeg^e ; )?eos wunude maenigne daeg, and heo leofode mid hyre were seofan ger of hyre faemnhade ; 14 LUKE, Chap. II. 37. And lieo waes wudewe ob feower and hiind eahtatig geara, seo of ]>am temple ne gewat, d^eges and nihtes ];eowigende on faestenum and 6n halsungum. 38. And J>eos J^aere tide becamende, Drihtne andette; and be him spraec ealluni J>am J^e ge-anbidedon Hierusalem alysednesse. 39. And ]?a hi ealle J?ing gefyldon, aefter Drihtnes ae, hi ge- hwurfon on Galileam on hyra ceastre Nazareth. 4-0. So^lice ]7aet cild weox and waes gestrangod wisddmes full ; and Godes gyfu wass on hym. 41. And his magas ferdon aelce geare to Hierusalem on Eas- ter-daeges freols-tide. 42. And J7a he w^s twelf wintre, hy foron to Hierusalem to ]?am Easterlican freolse, aefter hyra gewunan. 43. And gefylledum dagum, ]?a hig agen-gehwurfon, belaf se Haelend on Hierusalem, and hys magas J^aet nyston. 44. Wendon J?set he on hyra gefere waere, ]7a comon hig anes daeges fasr ; and hyne sohton betwux hys magas and hys cu^an. 45. Da hig hyne ne fundon, hig gewendon to Hierusalem, hine secende. 46. Da aefter }>rym dagum, hig fundon hine on ]?am temple, sit- tende on middan )7am lareowum, hlystende and hi ahsiende. 47. Da wundredon hig ealle 'pe gehyrdon be hys gleawscype and his andswarum. 48. Da cwae^ his modor to him : Sunu, hwi dydest fu unc ]7us ? fin faeder and ic sarigende ]7e sohton. 49. Da cwae^ he to him : Hwaet is )?aet gyt me sohton ? Nyste gyt )7aet me gebyra^ to beonne 6n ]7am J7ingum ])e mines fasder synt? 50. Da ne ongeaton hig )7ast word ])e he to him spraec. 51. Da ferde he mid him, and com to Nazareth, and waes him under-)7edd. And his modor geheold ealle )?as word, on hyre heortan smeagende. 52. And se Haelend ]?eah on wisdome and on ylde, and mid gyfe mid Gode and mid mannum. 15 JOHN, Chapter I. 1. On ]:jiuman pasj- popb. 'j f pojib paejr mib Gobe. anb Ifob pasj* f popb. 2. pset paej^ on ppiuman mib Erobe. 3. Ealle Jjinj paepon jepophte ]}uph hyne. 'j nan J^in^ nasp jepophr butan hym ^ast ^epopht pasp. 4. O'n hym pasj- lip. anb ^ast lip pasp manna leoht. 5. Anb f kohr lyhr on ]?yptpum. anb J»yptpo -f ne jenamon:- 6. Mann pasp ppam Erobe apenb. j^asp nama pasp lo- hannep. 7. pey com to jepitneppe. f he jepitneppe cy^be be )7am leohte. f ealle men J'uph hyne jelypbon:- 8. Nasy he leoht. ac ]?ast he jepitneppe pop^-baepe be J>am leohte :• 9. 86^ leoht pagp . ]?a2t onlyht aslcne cumenbne man on ]7ipne mibban-eapb. 10. J^e pasp on mibban-eapbe. "j mibban-eapb paep jepopht J?uph hyne. anb mibban-eapb hyne nejecneop. 1 1 . To hip a^enum he com . *j hij hyne ne unbeppen- 5on. 12. So^lice ppa hpylce j^pa hyne unbeppenjon. he pealbe him anpealb f hi paepon Gobep beapn. J^am J>e jelypa^ on hyj^ naman. 13. pa ne pynt acennebe op blobum. ne op plaspcep pillan. ne op pepep pillan. ac hij pynt op Eiobe acen- nebe:- 14. Anb f popb paep plaspc ^epopben. *J eapbobe on uy. anb pe jepapon hyp pulbop ppylce an-cennebep pul- bop op Fasbep. f ip2ey pull mib ^ype anb j-o^pasptneppe:- 15. lohannep cy^ jepitneppe be hym. anb clypa^. 16 JOHN, Chap. 1. f'uj^ cpej?enbe. pej^ pa?|- j^e ic yxhe. 8e j^e co cumenne ir aepteji nie . paey* jepopben bepopan me , pop]?aTn he paej* yep }?onne ic. 16. Anbop hyp jepyllebneppe pe ealle onpenjon ^ype pop jype. 17. Fopjjam J^e ae pasp ^epedlb J»uph GQoypen. anb jypu ^ po^pseptnep ip jepopben J?uph J^aslenb Cpipt:- 18. Ne jepeah nasppe nan man Eiob. buton pe an- cenneba Siinu hyt cy^be. pe ip on hipFasbep beapme:- 19. Anb j^ast ip lohannep jepitnep. pa J>a lubeap p^nbon hypa pacepbap *j hypa biaconap ppam lepupalem to him. f hi axobun hyne. tJ J^i^f cpasbon. J^paet eapt ]>u:. 20. Anb he cy^be. *j ne pi^-poc . 'j ]?up cpas^. Ne eom ic na Cpipt:- 2L Anb hi axobun hyne. anb Jjup cpaebon. Gapt ))u l^Jeliap:- Anb he cpas^ . Ne eom ic hyt:- Da cpaebon hi^ . Gapt J?u piteja:- 'Knb he anbpupbe anb cpae^. Nic:- 22. hi"^ cpasbon to hym. J^paet eapt ]?u. f pe anb- pypbe bpmjon Jjam Jjc up to ^e penbon . hpast pe^pt f>u be ])€ pylpum :• 23. J^e cpas^. Ic eom clypijenbep ptepn on peptene. Gepihta^ Dpihtnep pej. ppa pe piteja Ipaiap cpas^:- 24. Anb jja ^e J^asp ap^nbe paepon . J?a paepon op pun- bop-haljan 25. Anb hij axobon hyne. anb cpaebon to hym. J^pi pullapt ])U . jyp ]?u ne eapt Cpypt . ne J^ehap . ne piteja:- 26. lohannep him anbppapobe . Ic pulhje on pastepe . to mibbep eop ptob. J»e je ne cunnon. 27. J^e ip ]?e asptep me topeapb ip. pe paep ^epopben bepopan me. ne eom ic pyp^e f ic tinbinbe hip pceo- JOHN, Chap. I. 17 28. Daj- Jjinj psepon jepojibene on Bethania bejeon- ban lojibanen . J^asp lohannej^ pullobe:- 29. OJ?pe baej lohannej- jej-eah J?one l^aslenb ro him cumenbe. "j cpae^. J^ep ij^ Erobej^ lamb, hep ly ye ]?e be^ ape^ mibban-eapbej^ jrynne. 30. pey ly be J^am ic j^aebe. /Bptep me cym^ pep Jje me bepopan jepopben psep. pop]?am J?e he pasjr aep ]?onne ic. 31. Anb ic hme nypte. ac ic com *j pullobe on pae- tepe . to J>am f he paepe ^epputelub on Ippahela poke :• 32. Anb lohannep cy^be jepitneppe . cpej^enbe. Daet ic jepeah ny^ep-cumenbne Erapt op heopenum ppa ppa culppan . ^ punobe opep hme. 33. Anb ic hme ne cu^e. ac ye j^e me penbe to pul- lianne on paetepe. he cpas^ to me. Opep ]?asne J?e J>u jepyhpt ny^ep-ptijenbne Gapt. anb opep hme puni- enbne . f ly ye ]?e pulla^ on haljum Erapte :• 34. Anb ic jepeah. ^ jepitneppe ci^be . f ]?ep ip Erobep punu:- 35. 6pt o^pe baej ptob lohannep ^ tpejen op hip leopninj-cnihtum. 36. Anb he cpas^ . J?a he jepeah Jjaene I^aelenb janj- enbne. J^ep ip Erobep lamb:- 37. Da^ehypbon hyne tpejen leopninj-cnihtappppe- cenbe. anb pylijbon J?am l^aelenb. 38. Dabepeah ye J^aslenb. 'j ^epeah hi^ him pylienbe. anb cpas^ to him. I^paet pece jyt:- J^i cpasbon to him. Rabbi, f ip jecpeben *j jepeht Lapeop. hpap eapbapt },u:. 39. I^e cpas^ to him. Cuma^ "j ^epeo^:- J^i^ comon *j jepapon hpap he punobe. 'j mib him punobon on J^am basje. hyt paep J^a peo teo^e tib:- 18 JOHN, Chap. I. 40. Anbjieaj" 8imonej" bpo)?up Petpej^ pxy o^ep op Jjam tpam. ^a jehypbon ast lohanne. "j him pylijbon. 41. Dep jemette aepept 8im6nem hip bpo^op. anb cpas^ to him . ye ^emetton COeppiam . f ip jepeht Cpipt. 42. Anb hij jelsebbon hyne to J?am J^aelenbe:- Da be- heolb pe hadlenb hyne ^ cyse^ . pii eapit Simon lonan punu. Jju bipt jenemneb Cephap. f ip jepeht Petpup:- 43. On mopjen he polbe pap an on Eiahlea. *j he ^e- mette Phihppup. "j pe J^aelenb cpas^ to hym . Fyh^ me :• 44. So^hee Phihppup pasp ppamBethzaiba. Anbpeap ceaptpe "j Petpep:- 45. Phihppup jemette Nathanahel . ^ cpas^ to him. ye jemetton J?one J^aslenb . lopepep punu op Nazapeth . J)one ppat GQoypep anb J?a pitejan on J^aepe ae :• 46. Anb Nathanahel cpse^ to him. CDasj asnij }?in5 ^obep beon op Nazapeth :• Phihppup cpae^ to him . Cum 1 jepeoh:. 47. Da jepeah pe J^aslenb Nathanael to him cumenbne. •j cpas^ be him . I^ep ip Ippahehpc pep . on J?am nip nan pacn:- 48. Da cpas^ Nathanahel to hym . l^panon cuj^ept jju me. Jja anbppapobe pe J^aelenb. "j cpas^ ro him. Ic jepeah J?e. Ipa. J)U paepe tinbep ]?am pic-tpeope. aepj?am Ipe Phihppup J?e clypobe:- 49. l^im anbppapobe J?a Nathanahel. ^ J?up cpas^. Rabbi, pu eapt Erobep punu. 'j J?u eapt Ippahela cynj:- 50. Da cpas^ pe J^aslenb to him . pu jepyhpt mape )7onne J?yp py. pop|?am j?e J»u ^elypbept . ^a ic cpas^ f ic jepape ])e linbep Jjam pic-tpeope:- 51. Anb he paebe hym. 86^ ic pecje eop. je jepeo^ opene heoponap. anb Gobep enjlap lip-ptigenbe t) ny- ^ep-ptijenbe opep mannep punu. 19 MARK, Chapter I. The Saxon Text froiAi Mar- The Northumbrian Gloss shale's Edition. from the Durham MS.* 1. Her ys godspellys angyn Haelendes Cristes, Godes suna. 2. Swa awriten is on faes wit- egan bee Isaiam : Nu ic asende minne engel beforan J^inre an- syne, se gegearwa^ J?inne weg beforan ^e. 3. Clypigendes stefen on ];am westene: GegearwiaS Drihtnes weg; do^ rihte hys si^as. 4. lohannes wass on tvestene fulligende and bodigende daed- bote fulwiht, on synna forgyfe- nesse. 5. And to him ferde eall lu- deisc rice, and ealle Hierosoli- ma-ware ; and wa^ron fram him gefullode on lordanes flode, hyra synna andaettende. 6. And lohannes waes ge- scrydd mid oluendes haerum; and fellen gyrdel waes ymbe his 1. Godspelles fruma, Hae- lendes Crist, Godes suna. 2. Suae awritten is in Esaia ^one witgo : Heonu ic asende min engel befora onsione ^in, se^e foregearwas weg "Sin. 3. Cliopendes stefh in ^am woesten : Gearuas Drihtnes woeg; doe^ [wyrcas] rehta his stigo [geongas]. 4. lohannes waes in woesten; and gefulwade and bodade hreownisses fulwiht, on synna forgefnisse. 5. And to him foerde all lu- dasa lond, and alle ^a Hieru- solomisco - waras, and weoron from him gefulwad in lordanes stream, hiora synno ondetende. 6. And Johannes waes ge- gerelad mi^ camelles herum ; and fellera gyrdils nsocBS ymb his * In the Northumbrian Gloss, the words between brackets are various renderings of the Latin. Those in italics are wanting in the Gloss, but are here supplied, in order to complete the sense. C2 20 MARK, Chap. I. lendenu; and ga^rstapan ami wudu-hunig he tet. 7. And he bodude and cwaj^ : Strengra cym^ asfter me. ]?aes ne eom ic wyr^e ]>aet ic his sceo- na fwanga bugende uncnytte. 8. Ic fuUige eow on waetere; he eow fulla^ on halgum gaste. 9. And on )7am dagum com se Haelend fram Nazareth Ga- lilee, and waes gefullod on lor- dane fram lohanne. 10. And sona of J>am waetere he geseah opene heofenas, and haligne gast swa culfran asti- gende and on him wunigende. 1 1 . And )7a waes stefn of heo- fonum geworden: Du eart min gelufoda sunu, on ]>e ic geli- code. 12. And sona gast hine on westen genydde. 13. And he on vvestene waes feowertig daga, and feowertig nihta, and he waes fram Satane gecostnod, and he mid wild- deorum waes, and him englas )7enodon. 14. Sy^^an lohannes ge- sido; and lopestro and wudu- hunig he wass brucende [he gebrec]. 7. And /ic bodade cuoe^ende: Strongre cymes [cuom] sefter mec . his [^ses] nam ic wyr^e forehlutende undoa his scoe- ^uongas. 8. Ic fulwade iwih mi^ wae- tre; he uutodlice iwih gefulwas mi^ halig gast. 9. And hi/t waes aworden in "Saem dagum ^a^t se Haelend cuom from Nazareth ^aer by- rig, and waes gefulwad in lor- danem from lohanne. 10. And sona of ^am waetre he astag, and gesaeh untynde heofnas, and gaast swelce cul- fre ofstigende and on him wu- nigende. 11. And stefn waes of heof- num geworden. Du ar^ min leof sunu, on ^ec ic wel licade. 12. And sona ^e gast hine on woesten draf. 13. And feoertig daga, and feoertig naehta, he waes from 'Saem wiSerwearde acunnad, and he mv& wild-deorum waes, and him englas geherdon. 14-. Efter ^on [^a] lohannes MARK, Chap, I. 21 seald waes, com se Haelend on Galileam, Godes rices godspell bodigende, 15. And ]7us cwe^ende: Wi- todlice tid is gefylled, and heo- fena rice genealaec^ ; do^ daed- bote, and gelyfa^ J^am god- spelle. 16. And ]7a,he ferde wi^ ]>a Galileiscan sae, he geseah Simo- nem, and Andream hys bro^or, hyra nett on 'pa sae laetende; so^lice hi waeron fisceras. 1 7. And fa cwae^ se Haelend : Cuma^ aefter me, and ic do inc ]?ast gyt beo^ sawla onfonde. 18. And hi pa hrasdlice him fyligdon, and forleton heora nett. 19. And ];anon hwon agan, he geseah lacobum Zebedei, and Johannes hys bro^or; and hi on heora scype heora nett logodon. 20. And he hi sona clypode, and hi heora faeder Zebedeum on scipe forleton mid hyrlin- gum, and him folgodon. 21. And ferdon to Caphar- naum, and sona reste-dagum he laerde hi on gesamnunge in- gangende. 22. And hi wundredon be gesald waes, cuom se Haelend in Gal ilea, and Godes rice* godspell bodade, 1 5. And cuoe^ende : For^on tid is gefylled, and Godes ric to-geneolecde ; hreowiges, and gelefes to ^cem godspell. 16. And faerende aet Galilaes sae, he gesash "Sone Simon, and Andreas his bro^or, hiora hnetta in ^a sae sendende ; for- 'Son kia weron fisceras. 17. And him cuoe^ se Hae- lend: Cyma^ aefter mec, and ic gedo iuih psdt ge sie monna fisceras. 18. Aiid hi hreconlice, for- letnum nettiim, weron him fvl- gendo. 19. And 'Sona he lytel huon foerde, and gesaeh lacob Zebe- dies sunu, and ^one lohannem his broker; and ^a ilco [hia] in hiora scip gesetton ^a netto. 20. And he hia sona geceigde, and mi^ ^y hia hiora faeder Ze- bedeum forleorton mi^ ^aem celmert - monnum, and hine [him] fylgedon. 21. And in-foerdon Caphar- naum ^a burug, and sona to somnung ineode [foerde] and laerde hia. 22. And hia swigdon [styl- 99 MARK, Chap. I. his lare; soSlice he waes hi lae- rende swa se ])e anweald haefS, ntrs swa boceras. 23. And on heora gesam- nunge waes sum man on unclae^ num gaste, and he hrymde, 24. And cwse^: Eala Naza- renisca Haelend, hwaet is us and ]>e? Com J7u us to forspil- lanne ? Ic wat ]7u eart Godes halga. 25. Da cidde se Haelend him and cwas^ : Adumba, and ga of ]?isum men. 26. And se unclaena gast hine slitende, and mycelre stefhe clypigende, him of-eode. 27. Da wundredon hi ealle, swa J?aet hi betwux him cwasdon : Hwaet is ]7is ? Hwaet is )7eos niwe lar, )7aet he on anwealde unclaenum gastum bebyt, and hi hyrsumia^ him ? 28. And sona ferde his hlisa to Galilea rice. 29. Hraedlice of hyragesam- nunge hi comon on Simonis and Andreas hus, mid lacobe and lohanne. SO. So^lice }>a saet Simonis sweger hri^igende, and hi him be hyre saedon. don] ofer his lar; forSon he waes hia laerende swaelce he maeht haefde, and ne suae u^uta. 23. And in hiora somnung waes sum monn in unclaene gast, and he of-cliopade, 24?. Cuoe^ende: Huaet us and -Se, "Su Haelend ^e Na- zare ? Cwome ^u losige [to lo- sane] iisig ? Ic wat ^aet ^u ar^ Godes haligu. 25. And bebead kine se Hae- lend cwoe^ende: Suiga^u, and gaa of ^aem menn. 26. And seunclaenae gast hine bidtende, and micla [mi^ micle] stefne of-clioppende, from him of-eode. 27. And alle wundrande we- ron, "Sus 'Saette hia gefregndon betuih him cuoe^ende : Huaet is ^is ? Huaelc is 'Sius nine lar, for^on [^aette] he in maeht un- claenum gastum hatas, and hia e^modiga^ him ? 28. And hra^e foerde [ge- sprang] his mersung [mer^a] in all Galilea lond. 29. Andreconeofsomnunge foerdon and cuomon in Sy- mones and Andreae hiis, mi^ lacob and lohanne. 30. Da waes Symones swer gelegen febriende, and hia him sona of ^aer cuedon. , MARK, 31. And genealaecende he hi up-ahof, hyre handa gegripen- re ; and hraedlice se fefor hi for- Jet ; and heo J^enode him. 32. So^lice ]?a hyt waes aefen geworden, ]>a sunne to setle code, hi brohton to him ealle )7a unhalan, and J7a ]>e w6de waeron. 33. And call seo burh-waru waes gegaderod to 'paere duran. 34. And he manega gehaelde J7e missenlicum adlum gedrehte waeron, and manega deofol- seocnyssa he ut-adraf; and hi sprecan ne let, for)7am hi wiston )7aet he Crist waes. 35. And swi^e aer arisende, he ferde on weste stowe, and hyne far gebaed. 36. And him fyiigde Simon, and ]?a ^e mid him waeron. 37. And ]7a hi hyne gemet- ton, hi sa^don him : Eall )7is folc ]>e sec^. 38. Da cwae^ he: Fare we on gehende tunas, and ceastra, )7aet ic ^ar bodige, witodlice to )?am ic com. Chap. I. 23 31. And geneolecde, and^a ilea ahof, and mi^ ^y hire bond gegrippen waes; reconlice for- leort hia hal from februm ; and kio geembehtade him. 32. Uutedlice ^a efern ge- war^, rai^ ^y sunna to sett eade, hia geferedon [gebroh- ton] to him alle yfel haebbende and dibwbla haebbende. 33. And alle ^a burgwaras waeron gesomnad to ^aere duru [to gaet]. 34. And he lecnade [gemde] monigo ^a^e missenlicum ad- lum geswoenced woeron. and menigo dioblas he iit-fordraf; and hia ne lefde to sprecanne, for^on hia hine wiston. 35. And sui^e on aering aras, and foerde ^ona, a?id code on woestigum stouo [styd] and ^er gebaed. 36. And him waes fylgend Simon, and ^a^e mi^ hine woeron. 37. And mi^ % hia hine 6n- fundon hia cuedon him : For- ^on alle ^ec soeca^. 38. And he cuoe^ to him : Gae we [wutum geonga] in ^a neesto lond, and ^a ceastre, )?aet ec ^er ic bodige, forSon to ^is ic cwom. 24 MARK, Chap. I. 39. And he Wips bodiu miht geclaensian me. 41. So^lice se Haelend him gemiltsode, and his hand ape- node, and hyne aethrinende )7us cwae^ : Ic wylle ; beo ^u geclaensod. 42. And pa. he )7us cwae^, sona seo hreofnys him fram-ge- wat, and he waes geclaensod. 43. And sona he bead him; 44. And cwae^ : Warna )7aet pu. hyt nanum men ne secge; ac ga and aetyw ^e )?ara sacer- da ealdre, and bring for )?inre claensunge J^aet Moyses bebead, hym on gewitnesse. 45. And he J7a iitgangende, ongan.bodian and widmaersian ]7a spraece ; swa J^aet he ne mihte openlice on J^a ceastre gan, ac beon ute on westum stowum ; and hi aeghwanon to hym co- mon. 39. And he waes bodande in hiora somnungum, and alle Ga- lileae, and diobles worpend. 40. And to him cwom sum lic- ^rower, and hine baed [giorn- ede], and miS cnew-beging cuoe^ : Gyf ^u wilt, ^u maeht geclaensiga meh. 41. Da waes se Haelend his milsande, and his bond ge- rahte, and hine hrinande, to him cue^ : Ic willo ^e geclaensiga. 42. And mi^ 'Sy gecue^, sona ^iu riofol from him foerde, and he waes geclaensod. 43. And sona he bebead him, 44. Andcuoe^tohim: Gesih ^u ^ast ^u hii: naenigum menn coe^e, ah gaa adeaw ^ec 'Saem sacerda aldor, and gef fore claensunge "Sin "Sa ^e Moises heht, him in cy^nisse. 45. So^ he foerde and 6n- gann bodiga and mersiga "Saet word ; ^us ^aet uutedlice he ne mashte ewunga in ^a ceastre in- geonga, ah he waes uta in woest- igum stowum ; and hia eghuo- na to bim gesomnadon. 25 FROM THE HEPTATEUCH. PREFATIO ^LFRICI. INCIPIT PREFATIO GENESIS ANGLICE. iELFRic munuc gret M]>e\w3£rd ealdormann eadmodlice. Du baede me, leof, J^aet ic sceolde ]>e awendan of Ledene on Englisc J73 boc Genesis ; ]>a ]?uhte me hefigtime J^e to ti]?ienne ]>aes; and ]7u cwaede "pa j^aet ic ne ]7orfte na mare awendan )7aere bee, buton to Isaace Abrahames suna, for )7am )7e sum dper man ]?e haefde awend fram Isaace ]fa boc o^ ende. Nu J^inc^ me, leof, ]7aet )?aet weorc is swi)7e pleolic me o]?J>e aenigum men to underbegin- nenne, for)7an ]>e ic ondraede gif sum dysig man J7as boc raet oppe raedan gehyr^, |?aet he wille wenan ];aet he mote lybban nu, on )78ere niwan ae, swa swa pa ealdan faederas leofodon pa on )7aere tide, aer fan pe seo ealde ae gesett waere, o)7)7e swa swa menn leofodon under Moyses ae. Hwilon ic wiste j^aet sum maessepreost, se pe min magister waes on ]7am timan, haefde pa boc Genesis, and he cuj^e bedaele Lyden underslandan ; fa cwas^ he be fam heah-fasdere lacobe faet he haefde feower wifj twa geswustra and heora twa finena; fulsoS he saede, ac he nyste, ne ic fa gyt, hu micel todal ys betweohx faere ealdan ae and faere niwan. On anginne fisere worulde nam se brofer hys swuster to wife, and hwilon eac se faeder tymde be his agenre dehter, and manega haefdon ma wifa to folces eacan, and man ne mihte fa aet fruman wifian buton on his siblingum. Gyf hwa wyle nu swa lybban aefter Cristes to-cyme, swa swa men leofo- don aer Moyses ae, offe under Moyses ae, ne by^ se man na Cristen, ne he furf on wyrf e ne by^ fast him aenig Cristen man raid ete. Da ungelaeredan preostas gif hi hwaet litles under- standa^ of f am Lyden bocum, f onne fincS him sona f aet hi magon maere lareowas beon; ac hi ne cunnon swa feah faet gastlice andgit faer-to, and hu seo ealde ae waes gelacnung 26 uELFRIC'S PREFACE. toweardra )nnga; oj^j^e liu seo niwe gecyj^nis aefter Cristes men- niscnisse waes gefyllednys ealra }>8era ];inga )?e seo ealde gecyj^nis getacnode towearde be Criste and be . hys gecorenum. Hi cwef>a^ eac oft be Paul, hwi hi ne moton habban wif swa swa Petrus se apostol hsefde, and hi nella^ gehiran ne witan )7aet se eadiga Petrus leofede aefter Moyses ae, o^ ]7aet Crist ]>e on )7am timan to mannuni com and began to bodienne his halige god- spel, and geceas Petrum aerest him to geferan. Da forlet Petrus J>aer rihte his wif; and ealle ]fa twelf apostolas, ]>a )7e wif hasfdon, forleton asg)?er ge wif ge aehta, and folgodon Cristes lare, to j^aere niwan ae and claennisse J^e he silf ]?a araerde. Preostas syndon gesette to lareowum )7am iaswedum folce ; nu gedafnode him )7aet hig cu]7on J>a ealdan ae gastlice understandan, and hwaet Crist silf taehte and his . apostolas on J^aere niwan ge- cy)7nisse5 J>aet hig mihton )?am folce wel wissian to Godes gelea- fan, and wel bisnian to godum weorcum. We secga^ eac foran to ]?aet seo boc is swi)7e deop gastlice to understandenne ; and we ne writa^ na mare buton ]>a nacedan gerecednisse ; ]7onne J^inc^ )7am ungelaeredum j^aet eall ]?aet andgit beo beiocen on ]?aere anfealdan gerecednisse ; ac hit ys swij>e feor fam. Seo boc ys gehaten Genesis, j^aet ys gecynd boc, forj^am ];e heo ys firmest boca and spric^ be aelcum gecinde ; ac heo ne spric^ na be )?8era engla gesceapenisse ; heo ongin^ )7us : In principio creavit Deus celum et terram ; )?8et ys on Englisc : On anginne gesceop God heofenan and eorj^an. Hit waes soj^lice swa gedon, J>aet God selmihtig geworhte on anginne ]7a ]>& he .wolde gesceafte. Ac swa )7eah aefter gastlicum andgite, ]?ast anginn ys Crist, swa swa he sylf cwae^ to ]7am ludeiscum : Ic eom angin ]7e to eow sprece : )7urh J?is angin worhte God Faeder heofenan and eor)7an, for]7an ]7e he gesceop ealle gesceafta )7urh )7one Sunu, se ]?e waes sefre of him acenned wisdom of ]?am wisan Faeder. Eft stynt on )78ere bee on J^am forman ferse : Et Spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquas ; ]?aet ys on Englisc ; And Godes Gast waes geferod ofer waeteru; Godes Gast ys se Halga Gast, furh J^one geliffaeste ^LFRIC'S PREFACE. 27 se Faeder ealle )?a gesceafta ]>e he gesceop j^urh )7one Sunu, and se Halga Gast faer'S geond manna heortan, and sil^ us synna forgifenisse, aerest )7urh waeter on }7am fulluhte, and si^)?an )7urh daedbote ; and gif hwa forsih^ ]7a forgifenisse ]>e se Halga Gast syl^, )7onne bi^ his synn aefre unmyltsiendlic on ecnysse. Oft ys sec halige Drinnys geswutelod on J^isre bee, swa swa ys on fam worde ]>e God cwae^ : Uton wircean mannan to ure an- licnisse ; mid' )?am ]>e he cwae^, uton wircean, ys seo Drinnys gebicnod ; mid ]fam ])e he cwse^, to ure anlicnisse, ys seo so'Se Annis geswutelod : he ne cwas'S na menifealdlice to urum anlic- nissum, ac anfealdlice to ure anlicnisse. Eft comon )7ri en- glas to Abrahame ; and he spraec to him eallon )7rim, swa swa to anum. Hu clipode Abeles blod to Gode, buton swa swa aelces mannes misdseda wrega^ hine to Gode butan wordum. Be ]7isum litlum man maeg understandan hu deop seo boc ys on gastlicum andgite, J^eah )7e heo mid leohtlicum wordum awriten sig. Eft losep ]>e wees geseald to Egipta lande, and he ah- redde ]>set folc wi^ )7one micclan hunger, haefde Cristes getac- nunge )7e waes geseald for us to cwale, and us ahredde fram ])am ecan hungre helle-susle. Daet micele geteld )?e Moises worhte mid wunderlicum craefte on ]?am westene, swa swa him God sylf gedihte, haefde getacnunge Godes gela)7unge, ]>e he silf astealde J^urh his apostolas mid maenigfaeldum fraetewum and faegerum J^eawum. To ]7am geweorce brohte ]7aet folc gold and seolfor and deorwir^e gim-stanas and masnigfaelde m8er]?a; sume eac brohton gate-haer, swa swa God bebead. Daet gold getac- node urne geleafan and ure gode ingehid J^e we Gode offrian sceolon ; ]7ast seolfor getacnode Godes spraeca and ]7a halgan lare J?e we habban sceolon to Godes weorcum ; }>a gim-stanas getac- nodon mislice faegernissa on Godes mannum ; )7aet gate-hasr ge- tacnode ]>SL sti)7an daedbote J^aera manna ]fe heora sinna behreow- sia^. Man offrode eac fela cinna orf Gode to lace binnan ])am getelde, be ]7am ys swi)7e menigfeald getacnung, and waes be- boden J^aet se taegel sceolde beon gehal aefre on )7am nytene aet 2S ^LFRIC'S PREFACE. faere offrunge, for ))aere getacnunge )7aet God wile )7aet we simle wel don otS eiide ures lifes, }>onne biS se taegel geofFrod on urum weorcum. Nu ys seo foresaede boc on manegum stowum swij^e nearolice gesett, and )?eah swij^e deoplice on fam gastlicum aridgite, and heo ys swa ge-endebyrd swa swa God silf hig gedihte );am writere Moise, and we ne durron na mare awritan on Englisc )7onne j^aet Liden haefS, ne ]>a endebirdnisse awendan buton )7am anum J^aet )7aet Leden and J^aet Englisc nabba^ na ane wisan on ]7aere spraece fandunge. ^^fre se "pe awent op^e se pe. tsec^ of Ledene on Englisc, aefre he sceal gefadian hit swa )?aet J^aet Englisc haebbe his agene wisan, elles hit bi^ swij^e gedwol- sum to raedenne J^am pe pses Ledenes wisan ne can. Is eac to witanne j^aet sume gedw61-men waeron pe woldon awurpan pa, ealdan ae, and sume woldon habban pa and awurpan ]7a niwan, swa swa )7a ludeiscan do^ ; ac Crist sylf and his apostolas us taehton aeg)?er to healdenne, }>a ealdan gastlice, and j^a niwan so^lice mid weorcum. God gesceop us twa eagan and twa earan, twa nosfirlu and twegen weleras, twa handa and twegen fet ; and he wolde eac habban twa gecy]7nissa on ]?issere worulde geset, )7a ealdan and )?a niwan ; for]7am pe he de^ swa swa hine silfne gewyr^, and he nasnne raedboran naefS, ne nan man ne J7earf him cwe)7an to : Hwi dest pu swa ; we sceolon awendan urne willan to his gesetnissum, and we ne magon gebigean his gesetnissa to urum lustum. Ic cwe]7e nu J^aet ic ne dearr, ne ic nelle Dane boc aefter j^issere of Ledene on Englisc awendan ; and ic bidde pe, leof Ealdorman, )7aet)7u me]7aes na leng ne bidde, )?i lass pe ic beo pe tingehirsum, oy^e leas gif ic do. God pe sig milde a on ecnisse. Ic bidde nu on Godes naman, gif hwa )?as boc awritan wylle, )7aethe hig gerihte wel be )?aere bysne; for)7an pe ic nab geweald, J7eah pe hig hwa to woge bringe J?urh lease writeras, and hit by^ )7onne his pleoh na min : mycel yfel de^ se unwritere gif he nele hys woh gerihtan. 29 GENESIS, Chapter I. INCIPIT LIBER GENESIS ANGLTCE. 1 . On anginne gesceop God heofenan and eor]?an. 2. Seo eoYpe so^lice waes ydel and aemtig, and ]?eostru waeron ofer )7aere niwelnisse bradnisse, and Godes gast waes geferod ofer wseteru. 3. God cwae^ ]>a : Geweor]7e leoht, and leoht wear^ geworht. 4<. God geseah ]>a. )?aet hit god waes, and he todaelde j^aet leoht fram j^am J>eostrum. 5. And heht ]7aet leoht daeg, and Ipa j^eostra niht; J'a waes ge- worden aefen and morgen an daeg. 6. God cwas^ }>a eft : Gewur)7e nu faestnis tomiddes )7am wae- terum, and totwaeme ]7a waeteru fram J>am waeterum. 7. And God geworhte ]>a faestnisse, and totwasmde )7a waeteru )7e waeron under J^aere faestnisse fram )?am J>e waeron bufan J^aere faestnisse ; hit waes )7a swa gedon. 8. And God het ])a fgestnisse heofenan ; and waes J^a geworden aefen and morgen o]7er daeg. 9. God )?a so^lice cwae^ : Beon gegad erode ]>a waeteru 'pe sind under J>aere heofenan, and aeteowige drignis; hit waes fa swa gedon. 10. And God gecigde ]>a drignisse eor^an, and j^aera waetera gegaderunga he het saes : God geseah ]>a )7aet hit god waes. 11. And cwae^: Spritte seo eor^e growende gaers and saed wircende, and aeppelbaere treow waestm wircende aefter his cinne, |7aes saed sig on him silfum ofer eor^an ; hit waes ]?a swa gedon. 12. And seo eor^e for]7ateah growende wirte and saed berende be hire cinne, and treow westm wircende and gehwilc saed haeb- bende aefter his hiwe; God geseah ]?a )7aet hit god waes. 13. And waes geworden aefen and mergen se J7ridda daeg. 14. God cwae^ J^a so^lice: Beo nu leoht on j^aere heofenan 30 GENESIS, Chap. I. fciestnysse, and todaelon daeg and nihte, and beon to tacnum and to tidum and to dagum and to gearum. 15. And hig scinon on ]?3ere heofenan faestnysse, and alihton pa eorSan, hit wass pa swa geworden. 16. And God geworhte twa micele leoht, paet mare leoht to j^aes daeges lihtinge, and paat laesse leoht to psdve nihte lihtinge, and steorran he geworhte. 17. And gesette hig on J^aere heofenan, )7at hig scinon ofer eor^an. 18. And gimdon psBS daeges and J^aere nihte, and todaeldon leoht and J^eostra, God geseah pa J)aet hit god waes. 19. And wass geworden aefen and mergen se feorfa daeg. 20. God cwae^ eac swylce : Teon nu J>a waeteru for^ swim- mende cynn cucu on life, and fleogende cinn ofer eorSan under ]?aere heofenan faestnisse. 21. And God gesceop fa )?a micelan hwalas, and eall lib- bende fisc-cinn and stirigendlice, pe |7a waeteru tugon for^ on heora hiwum, and eall fleogende cinn aefter heora cinne ; God geseah ]?a past hit god waes. 22. And bletsode hig J>us cwej>ende : Weaxa^ and beo^ ge- menigfilde, and gefilla^ J7aere sae waeteru, and }?a fugelas beo^ gemenigfilde ofer eor^an. 23. And )7a waes geworden aefen and mergen se fifta daeg. 24. God cwae^ eac swilc : Laede seo eor^e for^ cuce nitena on heora cinne, and creopenda cinn, and deor aefter heora hiwum ; hit waes )7a swa geworden. 25. And God geworhte )7aere eor^an deor aefter hira hiwum, and )7a nitenu and eall creopende cynn on heora cynne ; God geseah ]7a J^aet hit god waes. 26. And cwae^ : Uton wircean man to andlicnisse, and to ure gelicnisse, and he sig ofer )7a fixas, and ofer )7a fugelas, and ofer )7a deor, and ofer ealle gesceafta, and ofer ealle )?a creo- pende pe stira^ on eor^an. THE HISTORY OF JOB. 31 27. God gesceop j^a man to his andlicnisse, to Godes andlic-. nisse he gesceop hine, werhades and wifhades he gesceop hig. 28. And God hig bletsode and cwae^ : Wexa^ ad beo^ ge- menigfilde, and gefilla^ ]>a eorj^an, and gewilda^ hig, and habba^ on eowrum gewealde J^aere sae fixas and ]?aere lyfte fuge- las and ealle nytenu ]fe stiria^ ofer eor]?an. 29. God cwae^ ])a : Efne, Ic forgeaf eow eall gaers and wyrta saed berende ofer eor^an, and ealle treowa J?a )?e habba^ saed on him silfon heora agenes cynnes, )7aet hig beon eow to mete. 30. And eallum nytenum and eallum fugelcynne and eallum )?am )7e stiria^ on eor-San, on J^am ]>e ys libbende lif, ]?aet hig habbon him to gereordienne, hit waes )?a swa gedon. 31. And God geseah ealle )?a Iping J>e he geworhte, and hig waeron swi)7e gode ; waes )7a geworden aefen and mergen se sixta daeg. THE HISTORY OF JOB. BE lOB. Sum wer waes geseten on fam lande ]7e ys gehaten Hus ; his nama was 16b ; se wer waes swij^e belewite and rihtwis and 6n- draedende God and forbugende yfel ; him waeron acennede seo- fan suna and freo dohtra ; he haefde seofon )?usend sceapa and )7reo )?usende olfenda, fyf hund getymu oxena and fyf hund assan and ormaete micelne hired. Se wer waes swij?e maere be- twux eallum easternum ; and his suna ferdon and J^enode aelc o)?rum mid his godum on ymbhwyrfte aet his huse and ]?aerto heora swustra gelaj^odon. 16b s6^1ice aras 6n J^am eahteoJ?an daege 6n aernen maerigen and ofFrode Gode seofonfealdne lac for his seofon sunum, ];i laes )?e hi wi^ God 6n heora gej?ance agyl- ton : ]7us dyde I6b eallum dagum for his sunum and hi swa ge- halgode. Hit gelamp on sumum daege, )7a ]>a Godes englas comon and on his gesih]7e st6don: )7a waes eac swilce se Scucca him betwux; to )7am cwge^ Drihten : Hwanon come ]>i\. Se Sceocca andwyrde: 32 THE HISTORY OF JOB. Ic fertle geoiul ))as eor]?an and hi be-eode. Drihten cwa?^ : Ne beheolde ]m la minne )?eovvan 16b, ]>xt nan man nis his gelica on eoijmn, belewite man and rihtwis, and ondraedende God and yfel forbugende. Swa stod se Deofol on Godes gesih^e, swa swa deS se blinda on sunnan ; seo sunne ymbscyn^ j^one blin- dan, and se bUnda ne gesih^ J>aere sunnan leoman. God geseah J?one Deofol, and se Deofol swa )7eah waes bedaeled Godes gesihSe and his wuldres. EorJ^e is gecweden Godes fot-scamel and seo heofen is his }>rym-setle. Nu stod se Sceocca swilce aet Godes fot- scamele upon faere eor]>an )7a )?a se ^Imihtiga hine axode hwa- non he come. He cwbb^ ]?ast he ferde geond )7as eorJ?an, for]7an )7e he faer^ swa swa Petrus se Apostol cwae^ : Beo^ syfre and wa- cole, for)7an J?e se Deofol eower wij^erwinna faer^ onbutan swa swa grimitende leo, secende hwaene he abite, wi)7standa^ J7am strange on geleafan. Micele wasron j^ises mannes geearnunga ]>a se ^1- mihtiga be him cwae^ )7aet his gelice naere on eorj^an ; ge magon gehyran sume his }»eawas swa swa he be him sylfum awrat. 16b cwae^: Ic alysde hrymende )?earfan, and )7am ste6p- bearne ]fe buton fultume waes ic geheolp, and wedewan heortan ic gefrefrode ; ic waes ymbscryd mid rihtwisnysse ; ic waes blin dum men cage, and healtum fot, and j^earfena faeder ; of flysum minra sceapa waeron gehlyde )7earfena sidan, and ic ]?earfum ne forwyrnde )?aes }>e him gyrndon, ne ic ne aet ana minne hlaf bu- ton ste6pbearne, ne ic ne blissode on minum masnigfealdum waelum ; ne faegnode ic 6n mines feondes hi-yre, ne laeg aelj^eo- dig man wi]7utan minum hegum, ac min duru geopenode simle wegferendum ; ne behydde ic mine synna, ne ic on minum b6sme ne bediglode mine unrihtwisnysse. Ne saede I6b f'is for gylpe, ac for);am J^e he waes eallum mannum to bysne geset. pus maerne man wolde se manfulla Deofol ]7urh J^am micclum costnungum 'pe he him to dyde, fram Gode gewenian ; and cwae^ to Drihtne : Ne 6ndraet I6b 6n idel God ; J^u ymbtrymed- est hine and ealle his aehta, and his hand-gewe6rc ]7u bletsod- est, and his aehta weoxon on eorj^an; ac astrece hw6n fine THE HISTORY OF JOB. 33 hand, and getill ealle fa J^ing |7e he ah, and he ]?e on ansyne wyrig^. Drihten cwae^ to )7am Sceoccan : Efne nil ealle )7a J>ing ]>e he ah sindon on j^inre handa, buton )?am anum, ]>8et |?ii on him sylfum jjine hand ne astrecce. Ne derode lobe naht J7aes Deofles costnung, ac fremode, for]7an )?e he wass fulfremedre on gepinc- J7um and Gode near, aefter ]7aes Sceoccan ehtnysse. Se Deofol gewende ]7a fram Godes gesih]7e, and acwealde ealle his aehta anes dseges. Sum serend-raca com to lobe and cwae^ : Dine syll eodon and Jja^ssan wi^ hi laeswodon; ]7a faerlice comon Sabaei, and hi ealle us benamon, and ]?ine yrj^lingas ofslogon, and ic ana aetbaerst, J^aet ic ]>e )?is cydde. Mid }>am )?e se yr]7ling ]?is saede, ]?a com sum dper and cwse^ : Fyr com faerlice of heofenum, and forbasrnde ealle )?ine seep and J>a hyrdas samod, and ic ana aet- wand, )7aet ic ])e J^is cydde. Da com se )?ridda aerend-raca and cwae^ : Da Caldeiscan comon on ]7rim floccum, and ure olfendas ealle gelaehton, and )7a hyrdas mid swurde ofslogon, ic ana aet- fleah, ]7aet ic ]>e ]?is cydde. Efne ]>a git com se feor]7a aerend-raca inn and cwae^: Dine suna and fine dohtra aeton and druncon mid heora yldestan brefer, and efne fa faerlice swegde swiflic wind of fam westene, and tosloh faet hus aet fam feower waemmum, fast hit hreosende fine beam off rihte and acwealde ; ic ana astbaerst, f aet ic fe f is cydde. Hwaet fa, 16b aras and totaer his tunecan and his loccas forcearf, and feol to eorf an and cwae^ : Nacod ic com of minre mod or innof e, and nacod ic sceal heonon gewendan ; Drihten me forgeaf fa aehta, and Drihten hi me eft benam; swa swa him gelicode swa hit is gedon, beo his nama gebletsod. On eallum fisum f ingum ne singode 16b 6n his welerum, ne nan fing dyslices ongean God ne spraec. Eall fis dyde se ealda Deofol to gremenne fone gddan man, and simle he laefS aenne cucenne him to cyfenne his aehta lyre, fast his m6d wurde fram Gode awend, fa fa he fa gelimp geaxod haefde, f aet fyr com ufan, f e fa seep forbaernd : ac hit ne com na of heofenum, feah f e hit swa gehywod waere, forf an f e se Deofol naes on heofenum naefre, siffan he fanon furh m6dignysse afeol mid his geferum. D 34 THE HISTORY OF JOB. Ealle swa deS Antecrist, J?onne he cym^, he asent fyr ufan, swilce of heofenum, to bepaecenne J>agt earme mancynn ]>e he on bi^, ac wite gehwa J>a}t se ne maeg nan fyr of heofenum asendan, se )?e on heofenum sylf cuman ne mot. On eallum ]?ysum ^ingum ne singode 16b on his welerum. On twa wisan men syngia^ on heora welerum ; ]?aBt is, gif he unriht spr^ca^, o]>])e riht forsuwia'S. Ac lob ne syngode on his weleruin, for)7an ]?e he dyslice ongean God ne spraec, ne eac Godes herunge ne forsuwade : he cydde ]?ast he buton gytsunge swa micle aehta haefde, )7a )7a he hi swa ea)7elice buton unrotnysse forlet. Eft sy]?)?an on sumum daege, ^a ]?a Godes englas stodon on his gesihjje, ]?a waes eac se Scucca him betwynan, and Drihten him cwae^ to : Hwaet la, ne beheolde |7U minne )7eowan 16b, ]>set his gelica nis on eorj^an, and gyt he hylt his unscedignysse, ]7U astiredest me togeanes him, J?aet ic J>earflease bine geswencte. Se Scucca andwirde : Fel sceal for felle, and swa hwaet swa men haefS, he syl^ for his life : astrece nu }>ine hand, and hrepa his ban and his flaesc; |7onne gesihst J>u ]7aet he ]?e on ansyne wirigS. Drihten cwse^ to )?am Scuccan : Efne he is nu on )?inre handa, swa )7eah-hw8e]7ere heald his sawle. Ne gej^afode God ]7is to forwyrde ^am eadigan were, ac J>aet he wsere to bysne eallum geleafFullum mannum, and wurde swi|7or gemaersod )7urh his miccle ge]7yld and earfo]7nyssum. Da gewende se Deofol of Drihtnes gesihj^e, and sloh Idb mid ]73ere wyrstan wunde fram his hnoUe ufeweardan o^ his ilas nedpe- werde. 16b saet fa sarlice eal on anre wunde, upon his mixene, and ascraep fone wyrms of his lice mid anum croc-scearde. His wif him cwae^ to : Gyt J>u )?urhwunast 6n J^inre bilewitnysse ; wirig God and swelt. I6b hire andwirde : Du spraece swa swa an stunt wif: gif we g6d underfengon of Godes handa, hwi ne sceole we eac yfel underf6n? On eallum )?isum J^ingum, ne syngode I6b 6n his welerum. Se swicola Deofol genam Jjaet wif him to gefylstan, )7aet he ]?one halgan wer )?urh hi beswice, swa swa he aer Adam J7urh Euan beswac. Ac se ylca God, ]?e ge}>afode ]?aet he swa gecostn6d waere, heold hine wi^ J>£es Deofles syrwungum THE HISTORY OF JOB. 35 and wi^ his sawle lyre. Witodlice, J?a geaxodon )7ry cyningas, ]>e him gesibbe vvaeron, eal his ungelimp ; and comon him to of heora rice, )7ast hi hine geneosodon. Heora naman wseron 'pus gecygde, Elifas, Baldad, Sofar. Hi gecwedon J7aet hi, samod cumende, hine geneosodon and gefrefrodon. Hi pa comon and hine ne on- cneowon for paere ormaetan untrumnysse, and hrymdon )7aer-rihte wepende ; hi totaeron heora reaf, and mid duste heora heafod bestreowodon, and him mid saeton manega dagas. Hit wees swa gewunelic on ealdum dagum, ]7aet gif hwam sum faerlic sar becom, )?aet he his reaf totaere swa swa 16b dyde, and eac ]7as )7ry cy- ningas pe comon hine to frefrigenne. Da awendon hi heora frofer to edwite, and hine mid heora wurdum tirigdon, swilce he for his synnum swa getucod waere, and cwasdon : Wite com ofer pe, and )7u ateorodest ; sarnys pe hrepode, and |7u eart ge-unrotsod. Hwaer is nu pine Godes ege, and )7in strenc)?e ? Hwaer is j^in ge- )7yid5 and finra daeda fulfremednys ? And mid manegum J^rafung- um hine geswencton. lob cwae^ : Eala gif rainne synna and min yrm^, pe ic fohge, waeron awegene on anre waegan, J^onne waeron hi sw^rran gesewene "Sonne sand-corn on sas : to ]?rea- genne ge logia^ eowere spraece, and ge ]7enca^ to awendenne eowerne freond ; mannes lif is campddm ofer eor]7an, and swa swa medgildan dagas, swa sind his dagas. He cwae^ ]7aet mannes lif waere campdom ofer eor)7an, for)?an pe aelc J^aera J^e God ge- )?ih^ bi^ on gewinne wi^ )?one ungesewenlican Deofol, and on- gean his ageniim lustum, pa hwile pe he on life bi^: and swa swa se hyrman his edieanes anbida^, swa geanbida^ se gastlica cempa his edieanes aet )?am aelraihtigum Gode. Godes gecore- nan sind on gewinne on J?issere worulde, and )7a arleasan on hire blissia^, ac J?8era rihtwisra gewinn awent to blisse, and ]7aera ar- leasra bliss to biter uni sarnyssum on p^eve ecan worulde, pe ge- welga^ pa )7olmodan. Ealle }>as costnunga Deofol, and paera ashta lyre, his bearna dea^, and his agen untrumjiys, his wifes witleast, and his freonda edwit, ne mihton awecgan 16b of his modes anraednysse, ne fram his micclan geleafan, pe he to ]?am D 2 36 THE HISTORY OF JOB. aelmihtigan Gode symle baefde ; ac se Scucca wear^ gescynd ]>e bine beswican wolde. 16b cwae^ eft: Min flassc is ymbscryd mid forrotodnysse and mid dustes borwUm, min hyd forsearode and is forscruncen, me babba^ geswencednysse dagas, and on niht min ban bi^ mid sarnysse )?urbdyd, and ];a ]>e me aeta^ ne slapa^, ic eom lame wij^meten, and yslum and axum geanlicod. Eft he cwae^ : Ic wat so)?lice )7aet min Alysend leofa^, and ic on J7am endenextan daege of eor];an arise, and ic beo eft mid minum felle befangen, and ic on minum flaesce God geseo, ic sylf and na o]7er ; fes hiht is on minum bosme geled. Da 'pry cyningas ^a haefdon langsume spraece wi^ j7one gedrehtan 16b, and gewendan him ham si]7)7an. Ac God hi gespraec ]>a, and cwae^, )>aet he him eallum )7rim gram waere, for)?an ]?e hi swa rihtlice aetforan him ne spraecon, swa swa I6b his ]7egen. God cwae^ him to : Nyma^ eow nu seofon fearras and seofon rammas, and fara^ eft 6ngean to minum J^eowan I6be, and geofFria^ pas lac for eow ; I6b so)?- lice min j7eowa gebit for eow, and ic his ansyne underfo, )7aet eow ne beo to dysig geteald, )7aet ge swa rihtlice to me ne spraecon swa swa min ]?eowa I6b. Elifaz pa and Baldad and Sofar ferdon ongean to heora maege I6be, and didon swa swa him God behead; and Drihten underfeng lobes ansyne, and heora synna )7urh his )?ingraedene forgeaf. Drihten eac pa gecyrde to I6bes behreow- sunge, )?a ]?a he for his magum gebsed, and hine gehaelde fram eallum his untrumnyssum, and his aehta him ealle forgeald be twifealdum. I6b ha^fde ser his untrumnysse seofon )7usend sceapa and )7reo )7usend olfenda, fif bund getyme oxena and fif bund assan ; him waeron eft forgoldene feowertyne )?usend sceapa and six )7usend olfenda, )7usend getyme oxena and )7usend assan ; and Drihten hine bletsode swi)7or 6n ende ]7onne 6n angynne : he baefde seofon suna and )?reo dohtra aer, and siSSan eft eal swa fela. Hwi nolde God him forgyldan his beam be twyfealdum, swa swa he dyde his aehta ? He nolde for)?i pe his beam naeron forlorene, swa swa his aehta waeron; his aehta waeron ealle amyr- rede, and his tyn beam acwealde, ac |?a beam waeron swa )?eah FROM THE SAXON CHRONICLE. S7 gehealdene on j^am digelan life betwux halgum sawlum; and he for)?! underfeng )7aera bearna getel be anfealdon, for]?an ])e J7a o|7re him waeron gehealdene, ]>e ]7urh )78es Deofles ehtnysse acwealde waeron. Hwaet ]7a ; lobes gebrojjra and geswustra, and ealle ]7a ]fe hine aer cu)?on, comon him to, and hine gefrefrodon, and his micclum wundrodon, and him gife geafon. Naeron ge- mette on ealre eor]7an swa wlitige wimmen swa swa waeron lobes dohtra. He soSlice leofode, aefter his swingle, an hund geara and feowertig geara, and sjeseah his bearna beam, oS J^a feorj^an maegpe. On eallum his life, he leofode twa hund geara and eahta and feowertig geara ; he waes se fifta man aefter Abrahame )?am heahfaedere. FROM THE SAXON CHRONICLE. An. DCCCCLXXVIIL Her on )7issum geare, ealle )7a yld- estan Angel-cynnes witan gefeollon ast Calne of anre up-floran, buton se halga Dunstan arcebisceop ana aet-stod uppon anum beame: and sume J^aer swi^e gebrocode waeron, and sume mid fam line hit gebohtan. Her wear^ Eadweard cyning ofslegen, on aefentide, aet Corfes geate, on xv. kt. Apr., and hine man ]7a be- byrigde aet Waerham, buton aelcum cynelicum wur^scipe. Ne wear^ Angel-cynne nan wyrsa daed geddn J^onne )7eos waes, syS- •^an hi aerest Bry ton-land gesohton. Menn hine ofmyr)?rodon, ac God hine maersode ; he waes, on life, eor^lic cyning, he is nu, aefter dea^e, heofonlic sanct; hyne noldon his eor^lican magas wrecan, ac hine hafa^ his heofonlica faeder swi^e gewrecen ; 'Sa eor^lican banan woldon his gemynd on eor^an adilgian, ac se uplica wrecend hafa^ his gemynd on heofonum and on eorJ»an tobraed ; "Sa ]>e noldon aer to his libbendum lichaman onbugan, |7a nu eadmodlice on cneowum gebuga^ to his deadum banum. Nu we magon ongytan, )7aet manna wisdom, and heora smea- 38 FROM THE SAXON CHRONICLE.' gunga, and heora raedas, syndon nahtlice ongean Godes ge)?eaht. And on J^is ilcan geare feng iEj^elred 8B];eling, his bro)7or, to J^am rice; and he waes aefter )7am, swy^e hraedlice, mid mycelum ge- fean Angel-cynnes witan, gehalgod to cyninge aet Cyninges-tiine. On ]7am geare, for^ferde Alfwold, se waes bisceop on Dorsaetum, and his lie li^ on |?am raynstre aet Scire-burnan. An. DCCCCLXXIX. On fys geare, waes iEj7elred to cininge gehalgod, on )?one sunnan-daeig feowertyne niht ofer Eastron, aet Cinges-tune, and ]7aer waeron aet his halgiinge twegen ercebis- ceopas, and tyn leod-bisceopas. Dy ilcan geare, waes gesewen blodig wolcen, on oft-si^as, on fyres gelicnesse, and )7aet waes swy^ost on midde-niht oj^ywed, and swa on mistlice beamas waes gehiwod : )7onne hit dagian wolde fonne toglad hit. An. MXIII. On ]?am aeftran geare ]>e se arcebisceop ^Ifeg waes gemartyrod, se cyning gesette Lyfing bisceop to Cant- wara-byrig, to ]7am arce-stole : and on J^issum ylcan geare, tofo- ran fam mon]7e Augustus, com Swegen cyning, mid his flotan, to Sandwic, and wende )7a swy^e hra^e abutan East-Englum, into Humbran muj?an, and swa upweard, andlang Trentan, o^ he com to Gaeignes-burh. And "pa sona beah Uhtred eorl, and ealle Nor^-hymbre to him, and eall )7aet folc on Lindesige, and sy^^an ]?aet folc of Fif-burhgum; and ra^e ]7aes, eall here be nor- ^an Waetlinga-straete, and him man sealde gislas of aelcere scire. Sy)?]7an he undergeat faet eall folc him togebogen waes, ]>a bead he ]7aet mon sceolde his here metian and horsian; and he ]?a wende sy)?)7an su^weard, mid fulre fyrde, and betaehte ]>a scipu and J>a gislas Cnute his suna. And sy^^an he com ofer Waetlinga- straete, worhton hi ]?3et maeste yfel )7aet aenig here don mihte. Wende )7a to Oxena-forda, and seo burhwaru sona beah and gislude ; and )?anon to Winceastre, and hi )?aet ylce dydon. Wende ]>sl j^anon eastweard to Lundene, and mycel his folces adranc on Temese, for)7am )7e hi nanre bricge ne cepton. Da he to )7aere byrig com, ]>a nolde seo burhwaru bugan, ac heol- FROM THE SAXON CHRONICLE. 39 don mid fullan wige ongean, for)?an J^aer waes inne se cyning JEpelred, and purkyl mid him. Da wende Swegen cyning )?anon to Weallinga-forda, and swa ofer Temese westweard to Ba]7an, and sset )7aer mid his fyrde. And com Mpelmasr ealdorman )?yder, and fa westernan ]?egenas mid him, and bugon ealle to Swe- gene, and gislodon, and ]?a he ]7us gefaren haefde, wende ]?a nor)?- weard to his scypum, and eall )?eodscipe hine fullice underfeng, and heold fa for fulne cyning. And seo buruhwaru aefter ]>am on Lundene beah to him and gislode, for)7on hi ondredon )?aet he hi fordon wolde. Da bead Swegen full-gyld and metsunge to his here, )76ne winter; and purcyl bead )7aet ylce to )7am here )?e laeg aet Grenawic: and for eallon ]?am hi hergodon swa oft swa hi woldon. Da ne dohte na^er ]?isse leode, ne su^an ne ndr^an. Da waes se cyning ^J7eh'ed sume hwile mid ]7am flotan ]?e on Te- mese laeg: and seo hlaefdige wende ]>a ofer sae to hire bre]?or Ri- carde, and ^Ifsige abbot of Burh mid hire. And se cyning sende ^Ifun bisceop mid )7am 8e}>elingum, Eadwearde and ^Ifrede, ofer sas, ]7aet he hi bewitan sceolde. And se cyning wende }>a fram )7am flotan, to ]?am middan-wintre, to Wiht-lande, and waes )7aer ^a tid ; and, aefter )7aere tide, wende ofer ]>a sae to Ricarde, and waes J^aer mid him o^ )?one byre }>e Swegen dead wearS. And )7a hwile |7e seo hlaefdige mid hire bro^or waes be- geondan sae, iElfsige abbot of Burh, )?e )7aer waes mid hire, for to )?one mynstre ]?e is gehaten Boneual, J?aer See Florentines lichama laeg ; fand );aer aerm stede, aerm abbot, and aerme mu- neces, for^am ]?e hi forhergode waeron ; bohte ]?a )7aer aet )?one abbot, and aet )?e muneces, See Florentines lichaman, eall bu- ton ]7e heafod, to v. hundred punda, and J?^ ]>e he ongean com, ]>a offrede he hit Crist and See Peter. An, MLXX. Her Landfranc, se ]>e waes abbot on Cadum, com to Engla lande, se aefter feawum dagum wearS arcebisceop on Kantwareberig. He waes gehaded iiii. kal. Septembris, on his agenum biscop-setle, fram eahte biscopum his under]?ioddum: ]m o^re, ]7e ]7aer naeron, |7urh aerend-racan and J7urh gewrite, 40 FROM THE SAXON CHRONICLE. atiwdon liwi hi ];,ur beoii ne mihton. On )?am geare, Thomas, se waes gecoren biscop to Eferwic, com to Cantwareberig, fet man hine j^aer gehadede aefter ]7an ealdan gewunan. Da )?a Land- franc crafede faestnunge his gehersumnesse mid a^-swerunge, ]>a forsoc he, and saede J^et he hit nahte to-donne. Da gewra^ede hine se arceb. Landfranc, and bebead ]?am biscopan, }»e ]7ar cu- mene waeran, be )?es arceb. Landf. hsese, f'a serfise to donde, and eallan ]7an munecan, J^et hi scoldon hi unscrydan, and hi be his haese swa dydan : swa Thomas to j^am timan agean ferde baton bletsunga. Da sona aefter )?isan, belamp ]>et se arceb. Landfranc ferde to Rome, and Thomas forS mid. Da ]7a hi ];yder comon, and umbe o^er ]7ing gesprecen haefdon umbe J^et hi sprecan woldon, ]?a angan Thomas his spraece, hu he com to Cantuuarebyri, and hu se arceb. axode hyrsumnesse mid a^-swerunge at him, and he hit forsoc. Da agann se arceb. Landf. atywian, mid openum gesceade, fet he mid rihte crafede ]?as ]7a he crafede, and mid strangan cwydan "pet ilce gefaestnode to-foran ]>am papan Alex- andre, and to-foran eallan ]?am consilium 'pe ]?ar gegadred was ; and swa ham foran. ^fter )7ysan com Thomas to Cantwarebyri, and eal pet se arceb. aet him crafede eadmedlice gefylde, and sy^^an ]?a bletsungan underfeng. Her se eorl Wal)7eof gry^ode wi^ ]?one cyngc. And J>aes on lengten se kyngc let hergian ealle pa mynstra pe on Engla lande waeron. Da, on j^ara ilcan geare, com Swegn cyng of Den-marcan into Humbran, and ]?et land- folc comen him ongean, and griSedon wi^ hine, waendon J^et he sceolde )7et land ofergan. Da comen into Elig Cristien pe Densce biscop, and Osbearn eorl, and pa Densca hus-carles mid heom, and J?et Englisce folc of eall j^a feon-landes comen to heom, wendon ];et hi sceoldon winnon eal ]7et land. Da herdon )7a raunecas of Burh saegen )7et heora agene men wolden hergon j7one mynstre; J»et waes Hereward and his genge, )7et waes for^an ]7et hi herdon saecgen J7et se cyng heafde gyfen ]7et abbot-rice an Frencisce abbot, Turolde waes gehaten, and )?et he waes swi^e styrne man, and waes cumen ]7a into Stanforde mid ealle hise FROM THE SAXON CHRONICLE. 41 Frencisce nienn. Da waes ]7aer an cyrece-weard, Yware waes gehaten, nam Ipa be nihte eall ]?et he mihte, fet waeron Cristes bee and maessa-hakeles, and cantelcapas, and reafes, and swilce Jitles hwat swa hwat swa he mihte, and ferde sona aer dseg to ]7one abbot Turolde, and saegde him ]7et he sohte his gri^e, and cjdde him hu )7a utlages sceolden cum en lo Burh, )7et he dyde eali be )7aere munece raede. Da sona on morgen, comen ealle )?a utlaga, mid fela scipe, and woldon into J?ara raynstre; and )7a munecas wi^stoden, ];et he na mihton in-cumen. Da laegdon hi fyr on, and forbaerndon ealle ]>a munece buses, and eall fa tun, buton ane huse. Da comen hi ]?urh fyre in aet Bolhi^e geate, and )?a mu- necas comen heom togeanes, beaden heom griS, ac hi na rohten na )?ing; geodon into ]?e mynstre, clumben upp to ]>e halge rode, namen ]7a )?e kynehelm of ure Drihtnes heafod, eall of smeate golde, namen ]>a, ]7et fot-spure ]>e waes undernae^en his fote, ]>et waes eall of read golde, clumben upp to ]>e stepel, brohton dune J7et haecce, ]?e ]>aer waes behid, hit waes eall of gold and of seolfre. Hi namen ]7aere twa gildene serines, and ix. seolferne, and hi namen fiftene mycele roden, ge of golde, ge of seolfre; hi namen j^sere swa mycele gold and seolfre, and swa manega gersumas on seeat, and on scrud, and on bokes, swa nan man ne maei o^er taellen: saegdon )?et hi hit dydon for fes myn- stres holdscipe. Sy^^on geden heom to scipe, ferden heom to Elig ; betaehtan )7aer ]>a ealla ];a gaersume. Da Denescae menn waendon }>et hi sceoldon ofercumen 'pa Frencisca men, pa todre- fodon ealle pa munekes; beleaf )7aer nan butan an munee, he waes gehaten Leofwine Lange, he laei sede in ]7a seerae-man in. Da com Turold abbot, and aehte si^e twenti Frencisce men mid him, and ealle full wepnode. Da he ]?ider com, ]7a fand he for- baernd, wi^innan and wi^utan, eall butan J7a cirece ane; )7a waeron ]7a utlagas ealle on fldte, wistan J?et he seolde f^ider cumen. pis waes don )7aes daeges iiii Non. Junii. Da twegen kyngas Wil- lelm and Swaegn wur^on sashtlod. Da ferdon ]?a Denesea menn ut of Elig, mid ealle )7a forenspraecena geersume, and laeddon 42 FROM THE SAXON CHRONICLE. mid heom. Da hi comen on middewarde }>e sae, )?a com an mycel storm, and todraefede ealle ]?a scipe J^aer ];a gersumes wae- ron inne : sume ferdon to Norwaege, sume to Yrlande, sume to D«n-marce, and eall ]7et ]?ider com, ]7et waes )7one haecce, and sume serine, and sume roden, and fela of )?a o^re gaersume, and brohton hit to an cynges tun hatte, and dydon hit eall ]>a in )7one cyrce. Da sy^'Son ]?urh heora gemelest, and ]7urh heora druncenhed, on an niht forbaernde ]7a cyrce, and eall ])et ]?aer inne waes. Dus waes se mynstre of Burch forbaernd and forhaergod. ^Imightig God hit gemiltse, )7urh his mycele mild- hertnesse. And J>us se abbot Turold com to Burh, and pa, mu- necas comen ]7aer ongean, and dydan Cristes )?eudom in }>aere cyrce, ]>et aer hasfde standen fulle seofeniht forutan aelces cynnes riht. Da herde ^Egelric biscop ]>et gesecgon, )?a amansumede he ealle J>a menn )?a J7et yfel daede haefden don. Da waes mycel hunger )?aes geares, and ]7aes ilcan sumeres com Jjet li^ nor^an of Humbran into Temese, and lagon )?aer twa niht, and heoldon sy^^an to Den-maercan. And Baldewine eorl for^ferde, and Arnulf his sunu feng to j^an rice, and Francena kyning and Wil- lelm eorl sceoldon bedn his geheald ; ac )?aer com Rodbeart eorl and ofsloh Arnulf his maeig, and ]7one eorl Wyllelm and ]7one kyngc aflymde, and ofsloh his manna fela J?usenda. An. MLXXXIII. On J^isum geare, aras seo unge)7waernes on Gl^stinga byrig, betwyx ]>am abbode purstane and his munecan. ^rest hit com of ]7aes abbotes unwisdome, ])et he misbead his munecan on fela J^ingan, and ]7a munecas hit msendon luflice to him, and beadon hine J^et he sceolde healdan hi rihtlice, and lufian hi, and hi woldon him beon holde, and gehyrsume : ac se abbot nolde ]7aes naht, ac dyde heom yfele, and beheot him wyrs. Anes daeges se abbot eode into capitulan, and spraec uppon ]>a, munecas, and wolde hi mistukian, and sende asfter laewede man- num, and hi comon into capitulan, on uppon fa munecas, full gewepnede; and ])a waeron Ipa munecas swi^e aferede of heom, nyston hwetheom to donne waere, ac to-scuton ; sume urnon into FROM KING ALFRED'S OROSIUS. 43 cyrcan, and belucan ]>a duran into heom, and hi ferdon aefter heom into )7am mynstre, and woldon hig utdragan, ]7a ^a hig ne dorsten na iitgan, ac reowlic fing )?asr gelarap on ]>et daeg : fa Frencisce men braecen ]7one chor, and torfedon towaerd J^am weofode, ]7aer J>a munecas waeron ; and sume of ]7am cnihtan fer- don iippon }7one uppflore, and scotedon adunweard mid arewan toweard )?am haligdome, swa j^et on J^aere rode, ]7e stod bufan J7am weofode, sticodon maenige arewan ; and ]>a wreccan munecas lagon onbutoii ]>am weofode; and sume crupon under, and gyrne cleopedon to Gode, his miltse biddende, }>a ]>a hi ne mihton nane miltse aet mannum begytan. Hwaet magon we secgean, buton ]}et hi scotedon swi^e, and fa orSre \a dura braecon )7aer adune, and eddon inn, and ofslogon sume )7a munecas to dea^e, and maenige gewundedon j^aerinne, swa ]?et )7et blod com of ]7am weo- fode uppon tham gradan and of tham gradan on fa flore. preo \a waeron ofslagene to dea^e, and eahteteone gewundade. And on ]?aes ilcan geares for^ferde Mahtild, Willelmes cynges cwen, on ]?one daeg aefter eah'a halgena maessedaeg. And on ]?aes ilcan geares aefter mide-winter, se cyng let beodan mycel gild and hefelic ofer eall Engla land, )7et waes aet aelcere hyde twa and hund seofenti peaniga. FROM KING ALFRED'S TRANSLATION OF OROSIUS. Ci'rus Persa cyning, )?e we aer beforan saedon, ]?a hwile )?e Sa- bini and Romane wunnon on )7am west-daele, J7a hwile wann he, aegj^er ge on Sci^^ige, ge on Indie, o^ he haefde maest eallne J?^ne east-dael awest ; and aefter J^am, fyrde gelaedde to Babilonia, ]7e \k welegre waes )?onne aenig o^er burh, ac hine Gandis seo ea lange gelette )7aes oferfaereldes, forj^am ]?e {^aer scipa naeron. Daet is eallra ferscra waetera maest, butan Eufrate. Da gebeo- 44 FROM KING ALFRED'S OROSIUS. tode an his ]7egena j^aet he mid simde )7a ea oferfaran wolde, mid twam tyncenum ; ac hine se stream fordraf. Da gebeotode Cirus )?aet he his ]7egen on hyre swa gewrecah wolde, )7a he swa gram wearS on his mode, and wi^ ];a ea gebolgen, J>3et hy mihton wif- men be heora cneowe oferwadan, )78er heo aer waes nygan mila brad, )7onne heo flede wges. He ]faet mid daedum gelaeste, and hi upforlet on feower hund ea, and on syxtig ea, and sy^^an mid his fj'rde ]7aer ofer for; and aefter )7am, Eufrate 'pa, ea, seo is maest eallra ferscra waetera, and is yrnende 'Surh middewearde Babilonian burh. He hy eac mid gedelfe on menige ea upp- forlet, and sy^^an, mid eallum his folce, on p^re ea-gang, on pa burh farende waes, and hy gerashte. Swa ungelyfedlic is aenigum men ]7aet to gesecganne, hu aenig man mihte swylce burh gewyr- can, swylce seo waes, o^^e eft abrecan. Nembra^ se ent ongan aerest timbrian Babilonia, and Ninus se cyning aefter him, and Sameramis his cwen hi geendade aefter him, on middewerdum hyre rice. Seo burh waes getimbrad on fildum lande, and on swi^e emnum, and heo waes swiSe faeger on to locianne, and heo is swi^e rihte feowerscyte, and j^aes wealles mycelnyss and faestnyss is ungelyfedhc to secgenne, past is J^aet he is L elna brad, and ii hund elna heah, and his ymbgang is hund, seofantig mila, and seofe^an dael anre mile, and he is geworht of tigelan, and of eor^-tyrewan, and ymbutan j7one weall is seo maesta die, on J7am is yrnende se ungefotlicosta stream ; and wi^utan ]7am dice is geworht twegra elna heah weall, and bufan )7am maran wealle, ofer eallne j7one ymbgong, he is mid stsenenum wig-husum beworht. Seo ylce burh Baby- lonia, seo pe maest waes and aerest ealra burga, seo is nu laest and westast. Nu seo burh swylc is, J^e aer waes eallra weorca fsestast and wundorlicost and maerast, gelice and heo waere to bysne asteald eallum middan earde, and eac swylce heo sylf sprecende sy to eallum mancynne, and cwe^e : Nu ic ]7us gehroren eom and aweg-gewiten, hwaet ge magon on me ongitan and oncna- wan, )7aet ge nanuht mid eow nabba^ faestes ne stranges, psette )7urhwunian maege. FROM KING ALFRED'S OROSIUS. 45 On )?am dagum ];e Cirus Persa cyng Babylonia abraec, ]>a wass Croesus se Li^a cyning mid fyrde gefaren Babylonium to ful- tume, ac )7a he wiste )?aet he him on nanum fultume beon ne mihte, and ]>aet seo burh abrocen waes, he him hamweard ferde, to his agenum rice, and him Cirus waes asfter fyh'gende, o^ he hine gefeng and ofsloh. Ond nu ure Cristene Romana bespryc^ )7aet hyre weallas for ealdunge brdsnia^, nalaes na for)7am ]>e heo mid forhergunge swa gebysmerad waere, svva Babylonia waes, ac heo for hyre Cristendome nu gyt is gescyld, ]7ast aegj^er ge heo sylf, ge hyre anweald, is ma hreosende for ealddome, )?onne of aeniges cyninges niede. iEfter )7am, Cirus gelaedde fyrde on Sci^^ie, and him J^aer an giong cyning mid fyrde ongean for, and his modor mid him, Da- maris. Da Cirus for ofer J^aet land-gemasre, ofer ]>sl ea ]?e hatte Araxis, him )?aer se geonga cyning )7aes ofer-faereldes forwyrnan myhte, ac he for)?am nolde, ]>y he mid his folce getruwade, J7aet he hine beswican mihte, si^^an he binnan )7agm gemaere waere, and wic-stowa name. Ac )7a Cirus geaxsode )?aet hine se geonga cyning J^aer ssecan wolde, and eac J^aet )7am folce seldsyne and uncu]7e waeron wines drencas ; he for)7am of J^aere wic-stowe afor, on ane digle stowe, and )?aer beasftan forlet eall ]?aet J^aer li^es wges and swetes, )7aet ]>a se gionga cyning swi^or myccle wenende waes ]}sst hy )7anon fleonde waeron, )7onne hy aenigne swicdom cyj>an dorstan, J7a hy hit ]7aer swa aemenne gemetton. Hy ]?asr ]>'d, mid mycelre bli^nesse, buton gemetgunge, ]7aet win drincende waeron, o^ hi heora sylfra lytel geweald haefdon ; he ]?a Cirus hy )?aer besyrode, and mid ealle ofsloh, and sy^^an waes farende, J7aer ])3ds cyninges modor, mid ]7am twam daelum ]>dss folces, wuni- gende waes ; fa he )7one ]7riddan dael mid ]7am cyninge beswicen hsefde. Heo J>a seo cwen Dameris mid mycelre gnornunge, ymb )7aes cyninges siege hyre suna )7encende waes, hii heo hit gewre- can mihte, and j^aet eac mid daedum gelaeste, and hyre folc on twa todaelde, aegSer ge wifmen, ge waepned-men, for^an ]?e ]?aer wifmen feohta^, swa same swa waepned-men. Hio, mid )^aem healfan daele, beforan J7am cyninge farende waes swilce heo fleonde 46 FROM KING ALFRED'S OROSIUS. waere, ob hio hine gelaedde on an mycel slaed, and se healfa dael waes Ciruse apfter fyligende. paer wear^ Cirus ofslegen, and twa J?usend manna mid him. Seo cwenhet )?a J>am cyninge fa^t heafod of-aceorfan, and bewyrpan on anne cylle, se waes afylled mannes blodes, and J7us cwae'S : Du )?e )7yrstende waere mannes blodes XXX wintra, drinc nu "Sine fylle. iEfter )?am ]>e Rome burh getimbred waes VI hund wintrum, and LXVII, Romane gesealdon Caiuse lulius seofon legion, to )?6n )?aet he sceolde fif winter winnan on Gallie. ^fter ]7am ]7e he hy oferwunnen haefde, he for on Bryttoniae J^aet igland, and wi^ ]7a Bryttas gefeaht, and geflymed wear^ on ]?am lande )?e man het Cent-land. Ra^e )78es, he gefeaht wi^ ]7a Bryttas eft on Cent-lande, and hy wurdon aflymede. Heora )?ridde gefeoht waes neah ]7aere ea ]>e man haet Temese, neah )7am forda )?e man haet Welinga ford, ^fter J>am gefeohte, him code on hand se cyning, and )?a burh ware ]7e waeron on Cyrnceastre, and sy^^on ealle )?e on )7am iglande waeron. .^fter ]7am, lulius for to Rome, and baed J^aet him man brohte )7one triumphan ongean : ]>a bebudon hy him )7aet he come mid feawum mannum to Rome, and ealne his fultum beaeftan him lete : ac ]}a he hamweard for, him com an ongean ]>a )?ry ealdor- menn, ])e him on fultume waeron, and him saedon, ]7aet hy for his ]?ingum adraefde waeron, and eac, J>aet ealle ]7a legian waeron Pom- peiuse on fultume geseald, ]?e on Romane onwealde waeron, 'pa^t he )7e faestlicre gewin mihte habban wi^ hine. Da wende eft lulius to his agenum folce, and wepende maende ]>a unare, J^e hy him, buton gewyrhton, dyde, and swi^ost J^ara manna, )7e for his J^ingum forwurdon, and he him aspeon to siJ>)7on ]fa seofon legian 'pe waeron on Silomone ]?am lande. Da Pompeius, and Cato, and ealle )7a senatus, j^aet gehyrdon, )7a foran hy on Greacas, and mycelne fultum gegaderodan, and on Thraci J>aere dune, pa for lulius to Rome, and tobraec heora madm-hus, and eall gedaelde ]7aet )7aer-inne wass, ]>aet is unalyfedlic to-secganne, cwae^ Orosius, hwaet j^aes ealles waes. ^fter ]>am, he for to Samariam FROM KING ALFRED'S OROSIUS. 47 ]?set land, and ]>aer let J^reo legian beaeften him, to ]7on }>aet he 'pset folc to him genyddon, and he sylf, mid j^am o^rum daele, for on Ispanise, J^agr Pompeius legian waeron, mid his frim latteowum, and he hi ealle to him genydde. ^fter )7am he for on Creaca- land, )7aer his Pompeius, on anre dune, onbad, mid xxx cynin- gan, buton his agenum fultume. Da for Pompeius )?aer Mar- cellus wgeS;, luliuses ladteow, and hine ofsloh mid eallum his folce. ^fter ]?am, lulius besaet Torquatus Pompeiuses latteow, on anum faest6ne, and him Pompeius aefter for; ]?aer wear^ lulius geflymed, and his folces feala forslagen, for]7am fe him man feaht on twa healfa, on o}>re healfe Pompeius, on o^re healfe se lat- teow. Si^^an for lulius on Thessaliam, and )?3er his fultum gegaderade. Da Pompeius J^aet gehyrde, )7a for he him aefter mid ungemaetlicum fultume, he haefde hund eahtatig coortana ]faet we nu truman hata^, )?aet waes on )?am dagum of hund manna and an M. pis eall^ he haefde buton his agenum fultume, butan Catone his geferan, and buton )7ara senatuses; and lulius haefde hund eahtatig coortana. Heora aeg^er haefde his folc on )?rim heapum, and hi sylfe waeron on ]?am midmestan, and fa o^re on twam healfa heora. Da lulius haefde aenne )7aera daela geflymed, ]>SL clypode Pompeius him to, ymbe Romane ealde gecwydrae- dene, ]7eah )?e hi sylf gelaestan ne ]7ohte: Gefera, Gefera, gemyne ]7aet ]7u ure geferasdenne and cwydraedenne to lange ne oferbraec. Da andwearde he him and cwae^ : On sumere tide fu waere min gefera, and for)7am 'pe pu. nu ne eart, me is eall leofost J7aet ]>e is la^ost. Daet waes seo gecwydraeden ]>e Romane geset haefdon, J^aet heora nan o^erne on )?one andwlitan ne sloge J78er ]7aer hi hi aet gefeohtum gemetton. ^fter )7am wordum Pompeius wear^ ge- flymed mid eallum his folce, and he sylf si)?)?an o^fleah on Asiam, mid his wife, and mid his bearnum, and syS^on he for on Egyp- tum, and his fultumes baed aet Ptolomeuse ]7am cyninge, and ra^e )?aes, ]>e he to him com, he him het J^aet heafud of-aceorfan, and hit sy^^on het Juliuse onsendan, and his bring mid ; ac pa. man hit to him brohte, he waes maeaende j^a daede mid miclum 48 FROM KING ALFRED'S OROSIUS. wope, for (Son he waes ealra manna mildheortast on ]>am da^um. ^fler )>am, Ptolomeus gelaedde fyrde wiS luliuse and call his folc wearS geflymed, and he sylf gefangen, and ealle 'pa, men lulius het ofslean, ]>e set )7aere lare wajran ]>get man Pompeius of- sloh ; and he swa peah eft forlet Ptolomeus to his rice, ^fter j^am, lulius gefeaht wi^ Ptolomeus J^riwa, and aet aelcon cyrre sige hasfde. ^fter ]>am gefeohte, ealle Egypti wurdon Juliuse under)7eow- as, and he him sy^Son hwearf to Rome, and eft sette senatus, and hine sylfne man gesette pSBt he waes hyrre J^onne consul, )7aet hi hetan tictator. iEfter ]?am, he for on Africe, asfter Catone )7am consule. Da he J^aet geahsode, )?a laerde he his sunu paet he hi ongean fore, and hine him to fri^e gesohte : For^on, cwae^ he, ]>e ic wat ]?aet nan swa god man ne leofaS swa he is on )7isson life, )7eah ]>e he me sy se la^osta; and for^on eac ic ne masg findan aet me sylfum, J>aet ic hine aefre geseo. j^fter ]?am worde, he eode to )?aere burge-weallum, and fleah ut ofer, past he eall tobaerst. Ac pa, lulius to psere byrig com, he him wass swy^e unease, ]?st he to him cucon ne com, and )7aet he swylcon deaSe swealt. a^fter J^am, lulius gefeaht wi^ Pompeiuses genefon, and wi^ manige his magas, and he hi ealle ofsloh ; and si-S^on to Rome for, and paer wass swa andrysne, psBt him man dyde feo- wer si)?on j7one triumphan, ]?a he ham com. Si]7]?on he for on Ispanie, and gefeaht wi^ Pompeiuses twam sunum ; and J^aer waes his folc swa swi^e forslagen, ]?a2t he sume hwile wende ]?£et man hine gefon sceolde, and he for )?aere ondrasdinge ]?aes pe swlSor on paet werod )?rang, for)7on pe him waes leofre, J^aet hine man ofsloge, )7onne hine man gebunde. ^fter )?am, he com to Rome, and ealle )7a gesetnyssa pe ]7^r to strange waeron, and to hearde^ he hy ealle gedyde leohtran and li^ran. Hit J7a, eallum }»am senatum of)?incendum and }>am consul um, )?set he heora ealdan gesetnyssa tobrecan wolde ; ahleopan pa ealle, and hine, mid heora met-seaxum, ofsticedon, on heora gemot-erne; )?ara wunda waes xxvii. 49 THE LIFE OF SAINT HILDA, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE POET CtEDMON. Be life and fof^fore Hilda )7aere Abbudissan. Wms ymb syx hund wintra and hund eahtatig from ]7aere Dryht- enlican menniscnesse, }>aette seo aerfeste Cristas )?eowe, Hild Ab- budisse }?aes mynstres ]?e is cweden Streoneshalh, swa swa we beforan saedon, aefter monigum heofonlicum daedum ^e heo on eor)7an dyde, to onfonne j^aes heofonlican lifes mede, and heo of eorJ>an alaedded, leorde, }>y fifteo]7an daege Kalendarum Decem- brium, mid )7y heo haefde syx and syxtig wintra, )7aem wintrum todaeldum efenlice daele : )?reo and )?rittig ]>sl aerestan heo ae)?ellice gefylde in weoruld-hade drohtiende, and efen feolo ]>a aefter fyl- gendan heo ae]7elicor in munuc-life Drihtne gehalgade. Wass heo eac sw3dce aefele in weoruld-gebyrdum, J^aet heo wges Edwines )?aes cyninges nefan dohtor, se wass Hereric haten. • Mid )?y cy- ninge he to bodunge, and to lare )7aere eadegan gemynde Paulinus, )?aes aerestan biscopes Nor]7an-hymbra, Cristes geleafan and ge- ryno onfeng, and J^one unwemme geheold, o^ |7aet )7e he geear- node }>aet he to his gesih^e becom. Da heo ]>a Hild weoruld-had forleort, and Gode anum geteo- hode ]7eowian, ^a gewat heo in East-Engla maegj^e, for)?on heo waes|7aes cyninges masge; wilnade ]?anon, gif heo meahte, )7aet heo wolde hire ej>el forlaetan, and eal ]?a2t heo for weorulde haefde, and wolde cuman in Gallia rice, and in Cale ^am mynstre in elj^eo- dignesse for Dryhtne lifian, J^aet heo ]>y e^ meahte j^aet ece ej^el in heofonum geearnian ; for)7on )?e in ]7aem ylcan mynstre hire sweoster Hereswy^, seo waes Aldwulfes modor, East-Engla cyninges, regollicum j7eodscypum under}>eoded, in ]>a tid bad E 50 THE LIFE OF SAINT HILDA. )>one ecan sige, "Saere bysene heo waes onhyrgende in foreset- nesse elj^eodunge, and eall ger in ]7aere foresprecenan maegpe East- Engla haefd waes, o^ j^aet heo eft from Aidane j^aem biscope waes ham gelafad and gesponnen. Da onfeng heo anes hiwscipes stowe to nor^-daele Wire J?aere ea, and )?asr efenlice an gear munuc-lif dyde mid feawum hire geferum. ^fter )?yssum, heo waes geworden Abbudisse in J^sem mynstre ]?e is geciged Heortea. Daet mynster waes geworden and getimbred noht micle aer fram Hegu ]7aere aerestan Cristes J^eowe, seo aerest wifa is saegd in Nor)?an-hymbra maeg)?e faet heo munuc-hade and halig refte onfenge, )7urh halgunge Aidanes J^aes biscopes. Ac heo nalaes aefter med-micelre tide ]7aes ]>e )?aet mynster getimbred waes, gewat to )7aere ceastre ]fe in Englisc is haten Kalcacester and hire faer wic asette, )7aet heo Gode inlifde. Da feng to J7aes mynstres ge- rece Hild seo Cristes ]7eowe, and heo J?aet sona mid regollice life gesette and geendebyrdade, swa swa heo set gelaeredum waepned- monnum geleornian mihte ; forJ;on fe Aidan se biscop and mo- nige ofre asfeste weras and gode, Ipa J^e hie cu]7on, for hire snytro and wisdome and fore lufan )^aes godcundan )7eowdomes, hi ge- lomlice neosodan and sohton, and hie georne lufedon, and hie geornlice tydon and laerdon. Mid ]>y heo )?a feala geara ]7yssum mynstre in regollices lifes lare swi^e geornful fore waes, ^a gelomp )7aei heo onfeng mynster to timbrienne and to endebyrdienne in stowe seo is gecyged Streoneshalh, and heo )?ast weorc, J?e hire ]7a to gej^eoded wass, unaswundenlice gefyllde: forj^on fa sylfan ]>e ser )7aet mynster heoldon and rihton, heo mid j7eodscipum regollices lifes insette, and trymede : ond hie eac swylce ]7aer so^faestnesse and arfaest- nesse and claennesse and o)7era gastlicra maegena gehyld, and swi)?iist sibbe and Godes lufan geornlice laerde, faette, on bysene )?aere frym)7elican cyricean, naenig ]?aer welig waes, ne naenig waedla, ac eallum waere eal gemaene, noht agnes aenigum gesewen waes. Waes heo swa micelre snytro and wisdomes, )?aette nalaes }7set an J^aette J>a mettran men ymb heora ned)7earfnesse wasron, THE LIFE OF SAINT HILDA. 51 ac eac swylce cyningas and ealdormen oft from hire ge]?eaht and wisdom sohton, and hine )7aer gearone gemetton ; ond hie swa swi^e [on]* leornunge godcundra gewrita and so^fasstnesse weorcum hire under]?eodden dyde to biggongenne, )?8ette )7aer ej^elice monige mihton gemette beon, J7a ]>e to ciriclicum hade, ]?aet is to wig-bedes ]?enunge, ge)7ungen waeron : ]7aet is to tacne ]?aet we gesegon asfter |?an fif biscopas ]7a ]>e of f>aem ylcan myn- stre comon, and )7aer gelterde waeron ; ealle mycelre geearnunge and halignesse weras ; J7a waeron )7us hatene and nemde ; Bosa, ^tla, Oftfor, Johannes and Wilfrid. Big )?aem aerestan we bufan cwaedon, )7aet he waere in Eoforwic ceastre to biscope gehalgad : bi }7aem aeftran is hraedlice to witanne, )?aet he waes on Dorce- ceastre to biscope gehalgad : big J^aem nehstan twam, her is aefter to cwej^enne, }>aet heora se aerra waes aet Heagostealdes ea, and se aeftra waes in Eoforwic ceastre, to biscope gehalgad. Be J>aem midlestan is nu to secgenne. pa he, in aeghwae)?erum mynstre, Hilde )7aere abbudissan geornlice his leornunge aetfalh, J>a wolde he eac swilce Rome gesecan, ]?aet in "pa tid waes micles maegenes teald and gelyfed. Da he fanon eft hwearf, Ipa gesohte he eft Breotone, ferde ^a in Hwiccia maegj^e, J>aer waes )?a Osric cyning, and he J^aer Godes word and )7aes halgan geleafan bo- dade and laerde ; and somod aetgaedere lifes bysene on him seol- fum gegearwade eallum fam ]>e hine gesegon and gehyrdon, and he micle tide )?aer wunade. In J7a ylcan tid se biscop )7aere maeg}>e, se waes Bosel haten, waes mid swa micelre untrumnesse his lichoman hefigad, )7aet he )7a bisceop ]?enunge ]?urh hine [sylfne] )7enian ne mihte ; for)7on )?a, ealra heora dome, se fore- sprecena wer for hine in biscophad waes gecoren, and )?a, ]?urh JE])e\redes hsese, Myrcna cyninges, )7aere eadegan gemynde Wil- frid biscop hine to biscope gehalgade, se on )7a tid ]7one bysceop- had )7enade Middel-Engla ; for'Son ]>e se arcebysceop Theodor waes )?a for^fered, and ngenig o)7er bysceop )7a gena fore hine ge- halgad waes. On )7aere ylcan maeg]?e, hwene aer, ]>eet is aer )7am * The words within brackets are not in the Corp. Chr. MS, E 2 52 THE LIFE OF SAINT HILDA. foresprecenan Godes men Boosle, waes of ]7aere ylcan Abbudissan mynstre sum from wer and wel gelaered and scearpre gleawnesse, to biscope gecoren, J^aes noma waes Taatfri^, ac aer]>on Se he gehadod beon mihte, he waes mid hrffidlice dea^e forgripen. Ond seo foresprecene Cristes )?eowe Hild xAbbudisse, ealle ]>a )?e hie cu)?on, for arfaestnesse tacne and Godes gyfe, gewunadon hi moder cygan and nemnan ; and nalses ]?aet an ]7aet heo in hire mynstre J^aem andweardum lifes bysene gestode, ac eac swylce monigum feor wuniendum to ]7aem ]>e se gesaeliga hlisa hire ge- ornfulnesse and hire maegenes becom, )7aet him godre rece and haelo intingan ]7enade. Waes )7aet eac gedefen, )?aet J^aet swefen gefylled waere, J^aette Bregoswi'S hire modor geseah on, hire cild-hade. Da Hereric hire wer wracade under Cerdice, Bretta cyninge, and )7aer waes mid atre acweald ; fa geseah heo, )7urh swefn, swa swa he sem- ninga from hire ahafen and alaeded waere. Da sohte heo hine mid eallre geornfullnesse, and naenige swsipe his owern aety wdon. Da heo ]>sl hine bihidilice and geornlice sohte, }>a gemette heo semninga, under hyre hraegle, gyldene sigele swi-Se deorwyr^e. pa heo )7a geornhce hi sceawode and beheold, ]>a waes heo gesa- wen mid swa micle beorhtnesse leohtes sciman [J>aet heo eal Breotene gemaero mid hire leohtes sciman] gefyllde. paet swefen waes so^lice gefylled on hyre dehter, be J7aere we nu spreca'S ; forfon hyre lif nalaes hyre anre and hyre under)?eoddum waes leohtes bysen, ac swi^e monigum wide, fam )?e woldan Gode wel leofian. Mid ^y heo ]7a monig ger )?yssum mynstre, )?aet ys aet Streones- heale, on Abbudissan j^egnunge fore waes; ]>a licade fam arfaes- tan foreseonde, ure haelo, hyre ]7a halgan saule eac swylce mid longre untrumnesse lichaman ademde and asodene beon; ]>adt aefter )7aes apostoles bysene hyre maegen on untrumnesse gefremed and getrymed waere. Da waes heo gestanden mid hefigre un- trumnesse lichaman, and J^urh syx singal ger )?aere ylcan hefi- nesse adle unbhnnendlic won, and on ealre )7aere tide heo naefre THE LIFE OF SAINT HILDA. 53 blan hyre Scyppende aelmihtigum Gode j^ancuncge don ; ge eac ]>a bebodenan heorde hyre manian and Iseran : hi ealle gemyn- dige waeron hyre bysene, ])set hi on )?am gesundlican J^ingum and on }?aere onfangenan hselo lichaman heo geornlice Drihtne ]?eowde and hyrde; and on )7am wi^erweardum }>ingum, o^^e on licha- man untrumnessum, ]>3^t heo symle getreowlice Dryhtne J^an- cunge dyde. Da waes J^y seofo^an geare hyre untrumnesse ]7aBt seo adl and J^aet sar hwyrfde on hyre innoj^as, and heo becom to ]?am yteme- stan daege, and, ymb hancred utan, heo onfeng wegnyste )7aere swi^e halgan gemaensumnesse Cristes lichaman and his blode. Da gehet heo ]?a Godes ]7eowas to hyre, ]>a. ]7e on J^am ylcan myn- stre waeron, and heo ]>a gyt hi manode and laerde, J^aet hi betweoh him heoldon and eallum Godes mannum sibbe and lufan, and betweoh ]?a word hyre trymnesse and lare, heo bli^e dea^ geseah ; and gen so^re 'paet ic Drihtnes wordura sprece, ]?aet heo of dea^e ferde to life. Da waes on j^aere sylfan nihte, J^aet se aelmihtiga Drihten hyre for^fore on o)?rum mynstre fyr gesettum, ]7aet heo J>y ylcan geare aer getimbrade, and is nemned Haconos, mid sweotolre gesyhSe, waes geea^modad to onwrionne. Waes on )7am sylfan mynstre sum haligu nunne ]?aere nama waes Beguswy^, seo waes Dryhtne gehalgad on claenum maeg)?-hade, ma )7onne J?ritig wintra ; and heo )7aer on munuc-hade Dryhtne )7eowade. Da waes heo resl- ende on sweostra slaep-erne, J>a gehyrde heo semninga, on )7aere lyfte, uppcundne sweg, and hleo]7or clucggan ]7gere hi gewunedon to gebedum gecigde and awehte beon, )?onne heora hwylc of wo- rulde gefered waes. Da geseah heo, openum eagum, J^aes ^e hyre )7uhte, of ]7aes hnses hrofe ufan micel leoht cuman, and eall ]>aet hus gefyllde. Da heo ])a. on J^aet leoht behydilice locade, and hit georne beheold, ]7a geseah heo }>£ere foresprecenan Godes ];eowe saule, Hilde J^aere Abbudissan, on )7am sylfan leohte, engla were- dum gelasdendum, to heofonum up geborene beon. Mid ^y heo ]>a ])y slaepe tobraed, ])a geseah heo o]7re sweostor 54 ACCOUNT OF C^EDMON. ymb hi restende, fa onget heo, ge on )7am swefne, ge on hyre modes gesyh^e, hire aetywed beon )7aet heo geseah ; and heo sona aras, mid micle ege afyrhted, and am to )?aere faemnan, ]>e ]7a )7aes mynstres Abbudysse waes, Hylde geongra, )7aere nama waes Freogy^, and heo mid wope and mid tearum waes swi^e geond- goten, and longe sweorettunge waes teonde; and hire saegde, ealra heora moder Hilde abbudissan )7a of weorolde geleoran, and hyre geseondre, mid micele leohte and mid engla J^reatum, to ]?aem ecan leohte heofona rices wuldres, and to gemanan ]7ara uplicra ceasterwerena astigan. Da heo ]7a faet gehyrde, ]7a awehte heo ealle ]>a sweostor, and het to cyrcan gan, and in gebedum, and on sealm-songe, for heora modor sawle georne ]7ingedon. Da hie ]7aet )7a georne dydon J^a lafe ]7aere nihte tide, ]>a. comon, swi^e aer in dagunge, sume bro^or, )7a ]>e hire for^fore saegdon from ];aere stowe fe heo for^fered waes ; andsweredon hie and cwaedon, ]?aet hi )7ast ilce aer wiston and ongeaton; and ]>y hie ]>a ]7urh endebyrdnesse ]>am bro)?rum araehton, hu hie )7as )>ing and hwaenne hie geleornoden; and hie him saedon, in hwylce tid, heo of middan-gearde leorde. pa waes gemeted ]?astte hire ge- leornes waes in ]>a. ylcan tid ]7e hire, )7urh fa. gesih^e, aetywed wass ; ond, mid faegerre ge]?waernesse ]7ara wisena, waes godcund- lice foresewen, J^aet mid J>y hie hire iitgong gesawon of ]?yssum life, J7a )?a up hire ingong ongeton in }>aet ece lif haligra sawla. Daer syndon betweonon ]?am twam mynstrum )7reottyne mila ame- tene. Dset on hire mynstre waes sum bro^or, }7am godcundlice forgifen waes gyfu to singanne. On ]?isse abbudissan mynstre, waes sum bro^or synderlice mid godcundre gyfe gemaered, and geweor)?ad : for)?on he gewunade gerisenlice leo^ wyrcean, fa fe to aefaestnesse and to arfaestnesse belumpon ; swa, faette swa hwaet swa he of godcundum stafum, furh boceras geleornade, faet he aefter medmiclum faece in ACCOUNT OF C^DMON. 55 scop-gereorde, mid ]fa masstan swetnesse and inbrydnesse, ge- glencde, and in Englisc gereorde wel gehwaer for^brohte ; and for his leo^-songum, monigra monna mod oft to worolde forhoh- nesse, and to gefeodnesse ]?ass heofonlican lifes, onbaernde waeron. Ond eac swylce, monige o^re sefter him, in Ongel- )7eode, ongunnon aefeste leo^ wyrcan, ac naenig hwaefere him J^aet gelice don meahte ; for)7on he nalaes from monnum ne ]7urh mon gelaered waes, )7ast he ]?one leo^-craeft geleornade; ac he waes godcundlice gefultumod, and J^urh Godes gyfe j7one song- craeft onfeng; ond he for]?on naefre noht leasunga, ne ideles leofes wyrcan meahte, ac efne )7a an, )7a )?e to aefestnesse be- lumpon, and his ]>a aefestan tungan gedafenode singan. Waes he se mon in weoruld-hade geseted, o^ ^a tide ]>e he waes gelyfedre yldo ; and he naefre aenig leo^ geleornade : and he for)7on oft in gebeorscipe, ]7onne )7aer waes blisse intinga gedemed, )?aet hie ealle sceolden, )?urh endebyrdnesse, be hearpan singan ; "Sonne he geseah )7a hearpan him nealaecan, j7onne aras he, for scome, from )7asm symble, and ham code to his huse. Da he )7aet J7a sumre tide dyde, ]?aet he forlet ^a, hus J7aes gebeorscipes, and lit waes gongende to neata scypene, fara heord him waes J^aere nihte beboden ; ^a he fa fasr, in gelimplicre tide, his Hmo on reste gesette and onslaepte ; fa stod him sum mon aet, f urh swefn, and hine halette and grette, and hine be his naman nemde; Caedmon, sing me aethwegu; fa andswarode he and cwae^ ; ne con ic noht singan, and ic forfon of f yssum gebeor- scipe ut-eode, and hider gewat, forf on ic noht cu^e. Eft he cwae'S, se ^e mid him sprecende waes ; hwae'Sere f u meaht me singan; cwas^ he, hwaet sceal ic singan; cwae^ he, sing me frumsceaft. Da he fa fas andsware onfeng, "Sa ongan he sona singan, in herenesse Godes Scyppendes, fa fers and fa word, f e he naefre ne gehyrde ; f ara endebyrdnes f is is. Nu we sceolan herian heofon-rices weard, Metodes mihte, 56 ACCOUNT OF CiEDMON. and his mod-ge)7onc, wera wuldor-faeder ; swa he wundra gehw^s, ece Dryhten, oord onstealde. He aerest gesceop, eor^an bearniim, heofon to hrofe, halig Scyppend; ]>si middon-geard, moncynnes weard, ece Dryhten, aefter teode, firum foldan, Frea aelmihtig. Da aras he from J^aem slaepe, and eall ]>a. 'pe he slaepende song faeste in gemynde haefde, and ]7aem wordum sona monig word in J?aet ylce gemet, Gode wyr)7es songes, to-ge)?eodde. Da com he on marne to J^am tun-gerefan, se ]?e his ealdormon waes, him saede, hwylce gyfe he onfeng, and he hine sona to J^aere abbu- dyssan gelaedde, and hire ]?aet cy^de and saegde. pa het heo gesomnian ealle ]>sl gelaerdestan men and ]>a leorneras, and him andweardum het secgan )7aet swefn, and j^agt leo^ singan ; ]7aette, eallra heora dome, gecoren waere, hwaet oS^e hwonon ]7aet cumen waere. Da waes him eallum gesegen, swa swa hit waes ; ]7aet him waere, from Dryhtne sylfum, heofonlic gifu forgifen. Da rehton hie him, and saegdon sum halig spell, and godcundre lare word: bebudon him )?a, gif he mihte, J^aet he him sum sunge, and leo^- songes )7aet gehwyrfde. Da he ]>a haefde ]7a wisan onfangene, ]?a code he ham to his huse, and com eft on morgen, and, J^y betstan leo^e geglenged, him asong and ageaf ]?aet him beboden waes. Da ongan seo abbudysse clyppan and lufian )7a Godes gyfe in )7aem men, and heo hine ])a monode and laerde, J7aet he weorold- had forlete, and munuc-hade onfenge; ond he J^aet wel J^afode, ACCOUNT OF C^DMON. 57 and heo hine in J^aet mynster onfeng mid his godum, and hine ge)7eodde to gesomnunge J^ara Godes )7eowa5 and het hine laeran faet getael ]7aes halgan stasres and spelles ; ond he call, fa he in gehernesse geleornian mihte, mid hine gemyngade, and, swa claene nyten eodorcende, in J^aet sweteste leo^ gehwyrfde, and his song and his leo^ waeron swa wynsum to gehyrenne, faet 'pa sylfan his lareowas aet his mu^e writon and leornodon. Song he aerest be middan-geardes gesceape, and be fruman moncynnes, and eall )7aet staer Genesis, J7aet is seo aereste Moises boc, and eft be utgonge Israela folc?s of JEgypta londe, and be ingonge ]?aes ge- hat-londes, and be oSrum monigum spellum j^aes halgan gewrites canones boca, and be Cristes menniscnesse, and be his fro- wunge, and be his up-astignesse on heofonas, and big ]>aes halgan gastes cyme, and j^ara apostola lare, and eft bi )7am ege j^aes to- weardan domes, and be fyrhio )7aes tintreglican wites, and be swetnesse }7aes heofonlican rices, he monig leoS geworhte ; and swylce eac o]?er monig, be )?am godcundum fremsumnessum and domum, he geworhte. On eallum ]?am, he geornlice gymde ]7aet he men atuge fram synna lufan and man-daeda, and to lufan and to geornfullnesse awehte godra daeda; for)7on he waes se mon swi^e aefest, and reogoUicum j7eodscypum ea^modlice un- der)7eoded ; and wi^ j^am, ]7a ^e on oj^re wisan don woldon, he waes mid wylme micelre ellenwodnesse onbaerned, and he for)?on faegere ende his lif betynde and geendade. Forj7on Ipa ^aere tide nealecte his gewitenesse and for^fore, ^a waes he feowertyne dagiim aer, ]7aet he waes hcumlicre untrym- nesse J^rycced and hefigad ; hwaej^ere to ]7on gemetlice, )7aet he ealle ]fSL tid mihte ge sprecan ge gangan. Waes j^aer on neaweste untrumra manna hus, on ]7am hyra )?eaw waes }>8et hi ]7a untru- man, and fa fe aet for^fore waeron, inlaedan sceoldan, and him faer aetsomne fenian. Da baed he his fen, on asfenne faere nihte ]?e he of worulde gangende waes, f aet he on fam huse him stowe gegearwade, faet he restan mihte. Da wundrade se feng for hwon he f aes baede, forfon him f uhte f aet his forSfore swa neh 58 ACCOUNT OF CiEDMON. ne wasre, dyde hwaej^ere swa swa he cwae^ and bebead : ond mid J7y he )7a }?aer on reste eode, and he gefeonde mode sumu fing aetgeedere mid him sprecende and gleowiende waes "pe ]>dSY aer inne wasron, )?a waes ofer middeniht ]?£et he fraegn, hwae)7er hi aenig husel j^aer inne haefdon ? Da andswarodon hie and cwaedon; Hwilc )7earf is ]>e busies ? Ne )7inre for^fore swa neh is, nu ]7u )7us rotlice and )?us glaedh'ce to us sprecende eart. Cwae^ he eft ; Bera^ me hw8ej7ere husel to. Da he hit on handa haefde, )?a frseng he, hwae)7er hi ealle smylte mod, and butan eallum incan, bli(5e to him heefdon ? Da andswarodon hi ealle and cwaedon, )7aet hi naenigne incan to him wistan, ac hi ealle him swi^e bli^e mode waeron, and hi wrixendlice hinebaedon, J^aet he him eallum bli^e waere. Da andswarode he and cwae^ ; Mine broj^ro )7a leofan, ic eom swi^e bli)?mod to eow and to eallum Godes mon- num. And he swa waes hine getrymmende mid J^y heofonlican wegneste, and him o]7res lifes ingang gearwade. Da gyt he fraegn, hu neh ]7aere tid waere, J^aette J>a bro^or arisan sceoldon, and Godes folc laeran and heora uht-sang singan ? Andswearodon hi; Nis hit feor to J>on. Cwae^ he; Tela, utan we wel faere tide bidan; and ]7a him gebaed, and hine gesenade mid Cristes rode-tacne, and his heafod onhylde to ]7am bolstre, and med-mycel faec on- slaepte, and swa mid stillnesse his lif geendade. Ond swa waes geworden, ]7aette swa swa he hluttere mode and bylewite and smyl- tre willsumnesse Drihtne j^eowde, )?aet he eac swylce swa smylte dea^ middan-geard waes forlaetende, and to his gesyh^e becom. And seo tunge J7e swa monig halwende word on ]7aes Scyppendes lof gesette, he J?a swylce eac ]?a ytemestan word on his herenesse, hine sylfne seniende, and his gast in his handa bebeodende, be- tynde. Eac swylce )7aet is gesaegd, J?aet he waere gewis his sylfes for^fore, of )7am )?e we nu secgan hyrdon. 59 DE FIDE CATHOLICA. A HOMILY. ^LC cristen man sceal aefter rihte cunnan aeg^er ge his Pater Noster ge his Credan. Mid ]7am Pat. Nostre he sceal hine ge- biddan ; mid fam Credan he sceal his geleafan getrymman. We habba^ gesaed ymbe )?aet Pater Noster, nu willa^ we eow secgan J?one geleafan ]?e on fam Credan stent, swa swa se wisa Augusti- nus, be j^aere halgan ]7rynnysse, trahtnode. An Scyppend is ealra J^inga, gesewenlicra and ungesewenlicra ; and we sceolon on hine gelyfan, for )?an )?e he is so^ God and ana aelmihtig, se^e naefre ne ongan ne angin naefde, ac he sylf is angin, and he eallum gesceaftum angin and ordfruman forgeaf, }>aet hy beon mihton, and J^jet hy hcefdon agen gecynd, swa swa hit )7aere god- cundlican fandunge gelicode. Englas he worhte, fa synd gastas, and nabba^ naenne lichaman. Menn he gesceop mid gaste and mid lichaman. Nytenu and deor, fixas and fugelas he gesceop on flaesce, butan sawle. Mannum he sealde uprihtne gang ; ]>a. nytenu he let gan alotene. Mannum he forgeaf hlaf to big-leofan, and )7am nytenum gaers. Nu mage we gebro^ra understandan, gif we willa^, faet twa j^ing syndon, an is Scyppend, o^er is ges- ceaft. He is Scyppend, se^e gesceop ealle )?ing, and geworhte of nahte. paet is gesceaft ]>set se so^a Scyppend gesceop ; J^ast synd serest heofonas and englas, 'pe on heofonum syndon ; and sy^^an j7eos eor^e, mid eallum )7am )7e hyre on cardial, and sae, mid eallum fam ]fe hyre on swymma^. Nu ealle j^aes )?ing synd mid anum naman genaemode gesceaft. Hy naeron aefre wuniende, ac God hy gesceop. pa gesceafta synd feala, anes Scyppendes, ]>e hy ealle gesceop, se]7e ana is aelmihtig God. He waes aefre, and aefre bi'S )?urhwuniende on him sylfum, and )?urh hine sylfne. Gif he on- gunne and anginn haefde, buton twyn, ne mihte he beon aelmihtig 60 DE FIDE CATHOLICA. God ; for(Si aelc edwist }>8ette God nis, )73et is gesceaft ; and ]?agt |>e gesceaft nis, ]?aet is God : se God wuna^ on ^rynnysse unto- dacledlic, and on annysse anre godcundnysse. So^lice fset ge- sceaft, l^e ongan and gesceapen is, naef^ nane godcundnysse. So^- lice, o]fer is faeder, o]7er is sunu, o^er is se halga gast ; ac J^eah hwae^ere, Jjsera );re6ra is an godcundnys, and gelic wuldor, and efen-ece mcegen-j^rymnys. ^Imihtig God is se Faeder, aelmihtig God is se sunu, aelmihtig God is se halga gast, Ac ]7eah hwae- Sere, ne synd na ]7ry aelmihtige Godas, ac an aelmihtig God. pry hy synd on hadum and on namum, and an on godcundnysse. pry, for ]}y )7e se f^der bi^ aefre faeder, and se sunu bi^S aefre sunu, and se halga gast bi^ aefre halig gast; and heora nan ne awent naefre of ]?am ]7e he is. Nu haebbe ge gehyred ]7a halgan ];rynnysse ; ge sceolon eac gehyran ]>a so^an annysse. So^lice, se faeder and se sunu and se halga gast habba^ ane godcund- nysse, and an gecynd, and an weorc. Ne worhte se faeder nan ]7ing, ne ne wyrc^, butan )7am suna, o^^e butan ]7am halgan gaste. Ne heora nan ne wyrc^ nan J'ing, butan oj^rum ; ac him eallum is an weorc, and an raed, and an wylla. ^fre waes se faeder, and aefre waes se sunu, and aefre waes se halga gast, an aelmihtig God, se is faeder, se^e nis na^er ne geboren ne ges- ceapen fram nanum o^rum ; se is faeder gehaten, for ]?an Ipe he haef^ sunu, ]7one )?e he of him sylfum gestrynde, butan aelcere meder. Se faeder is God of nanum o)7re Gode. Se sunu is God, of )7am f^der Gode. Se halga gast is God, for^staep- pende of )?am faeder and of )7am suna. pas word synd sceortlice gesaede, and eow is neod 'past we hy swutelicor eow onwreon. Hwaet is se faeder? ^Imihtig Scyppend, na geworht, ne acenned; ac he sylf gestrynde beam, him sylfum efen-ece. Hwaet is se sunu ? He is )7aes faeder wisdom, and his word, and his miht, ]7urh J7one se faeder gesceop ealle }>ing and gefadode. Nis se sunu na geworht ne gesceapen, ac he is acenned. Acenned he is, ac, )7eah hwae)?ere, he is efen-eald, and efen-ece his faeder. Nis na swa on his acennednysse, swa swa bi^ on ure acenned- DE FIDE CATHOLICA. 61 nysse : J^onne se man sunu gestryn^, and his cild acenned bi^, fonne bi^ se faeder mara, and se sunu laessa. Hwy swa ? For ]>y, j7onne se sunu wyx'S, fonne ealda'S se faeder. Ne finst )?u na gelice, faeder and sunu on mannum. Ac ic ]?e sylle bysene, hu ]>u Godes acennednysse understandan miht : fyr acen^ of him beorhtnysse, and seo beorhtnys is efen-eald J>am fyre : nis na )7aet fyr of J^aere beorhtnysse, ac seo beorhtnysse of J^am fyre. paet fyr acen^ )?a beorhtnysse, ac hit ne bi^ naefre butan ]?aere beorht- nysse. Nu ]>u gehyrst ]?aet seo beorhtnys is ealswa eald swa )?8et fyr ]7e heo of cym^ ; ge]7afa nu for)7y j^ast God mihte gestrynan ealswa eald beam and ealswa ece swa he sylf is. Se^e raaeg understandan )7aet ure Haelend Crist is, on )7aere godcundnysse, eal swa eald swa his faeder, he )7ancige )?aes Gode, and blissige. Se^e understandan ne maeg, he hit sceal gelyfan, )73et he hit un- derstandan maege ; for]?an ]?e }>aes witegan word ne maeg beon aidlod, )7e )?us cwae^ : Butan ge hit gelyfan, ne mage ge hit understandan. Nu haebbe ge gehyred, )?aet se sunu is of )?am faeder, buton aelcum anginne; for)7an )7e he is )7aes faeder wisdom, and waes aefre mid ]?am faeder, and aefre bi^. Uton nu gehyran be ]?am halgan gaste, hwaet he sy. He is se willa and seo so^e lufu )7aes faeder and j^aes suna, J^urh ]?one synd ealle )?ing gelif- faeste and gehealdene ; be }>am is )7us gecweden : Godes gast gefyl^ ealne ymbhwyrft middan-eardes, and he hylt ealle )?ing, and he haefS ingehyd aelces gereordes ; nis he geworht, ne ges- ceapen, ne acenned; ac he is for^steppende, )7aet is, ofgan- gende, of )?am faeder and of )?am suna, J?am he is gelic and efen- ece. Nis se halga gast na sunu, for]?an J^e he nis na acenned ; ac he gae^ of )?am faeder and of J>am suna gelice ; for J^an )?e he is heora begra willa and lufu. Crist cwae^ ]?us behim on his godspelle : Se frofor gast, ]7e ic eow asendan wille, gast )7aere so^faestnysse, ]>e of minum faeder gae^, he cy^ gecy^nysse be me ; j^aet is, he is mm gewita )7aet ic eom Godes sunu. And eac, se rihta geleafa us taec^, ]?aet we sceolon gelyfan on fone halgan gast ; he is se liffaestende God, se gae^ of )?am faeder and of J?am 62 DE FIDE CATHOLICA. suna. Hu gae^ he of him? Se sunu is )?aes faeder wisdom, aefre of J?am faeder ; and se halga gast is heora begra willa, aefre of him bam. Is for)7y )?onne an faeder, se^e aefrfe is faeder, and an sunu, se^e aefre biS sunu, and an halig gast, se^e aefre bi^ halig gast. ^fre waes se faeder, butan anginne, and aefre waes se sunu mid ]7am faeder, for ]7an )7e he is )?aes faeder wisdom. iEfre waes se halga gast, for )?an ]?e he is, swa we aer cwaedon, willa and so^ lufu )?aes faeder and ]7aes suna. So^lice, willa and lufu getacnia^ an ymg; )7aet )?aet ]?u wilt, )7aet 'pix Itifast; J^aet )^aet ];u nelt, J^aet )7u ne lufast. So^Iice, seo sunne, ]>e us scin^, is lichamlic ge- sceaft, and haef^ )7eah )7re6 agennyssa on hyre ; an is seo licham- lice edwist, )?aet is ]7aere sunnan trendel; o^er is se leoma, o^^e beorhtnys, aefre of ]?aere sunnan, seo )?e onlyht ealne middan- eard ; ]7rydde is seo haetu, )?e mid ]?am leoman becym^ to us. Se leoma is aefre of )?aere sunnan, and aefre mid hyre, and ]>aas aelmihtigan Godes sunu is aefre of )7am faeder acenned, and aefre mid him wuniende. Be J^am cwae^ se Apostol, j^aet he waere his faeder wuldres beorhtnysse. paere sunnan haetu gse^ for^ of hyre and of hyre leoman ; and se halga gast gas^ aefre of J7am faeder and of J7am suna gelice. Be )7am is )7us awriten : Nis nan J7e hine maege behydan fram his haetan. Faeder and sunu and halig gast ne magon beon togaedere genamode, ac hy ne beo^ swa ]7eah nahwaer totwaemede. Nis se aelmihtiga God na )7ry- feald, ac is )7rynnys. God is se faeder, and se sunu is God, and se haelga gast is God. Na )7ry Godas, ac hy ealle J^ry an ael- mihtig God. Se faeder is eac wisdom of nanum oj^rum wisdome ; se sunu is eac wisdom of J>am wisan faeder; se halga gast is wis- dom : and J?eah hwae^ere hy synd ealle aetgaedere an wisdom. Eft se faeder is so^ lufu, and se sunu so^ lufu, and se halga gast so^ lufu ; and hy ealle aetgaedere an God, and an so^ lufu. Eac swylce is se faeder gast and halig, and se sunu is gast and halig, iintweolice : )7eah hwae^ere, se halga gast is synderlice gehaten halig gast, )?aet )7aet hy ealle )?ry syndon gemaenelice. Swa mycel gelicnes is on )?issere halgan )?rynnysse, J^aet se faeder ne mare DE FIDE CATHOLICA. 63 nys )7onne se sunu on faere godcundnysse, ne se sunu nis na mare fonne se halga gast, ne nan heora an nis na laesse, fonne eal seo ]7rynnys. Swa hwaet swa heora an bi^, )7aet beo^ ealle ]}ry; aefre an God untodaeledlic. Nis heora nan mare J^onne o^er, ne nan laesse ]7onne o^er, ne nan beforan o)?rum, ne nan baeftan oJ>rum ; for )7an 'pe swa hwaet swa laesse bi^, J^onne ne bi^ J?aet na God, J^aet ]7aet lator bi^, )7aet haefS angin ; ac God naefS nan angin. Nis na se faeder ana ];rynnys, o^^e se sunu )7rynnys, o^^e se halga gast )7rynnys ; ac ]7as }>ry hadas syndon an God on anre godcundnysse. ponne ]>u gehyrst nemnian )7one faeder, )7onne understenst ]>u J^aet he haef S sunu. Eft ]7onne ]?u Cryst sunu, ])u wast buton tweonon J^aet he haef S faeder. Eft we gely- fa^ ]7aet se halga gast is aeg^er ge )7aes faeder ge ]?aes suna gast. Nu ne bepaece nan man hine sylfne, swa faet he secge, o^^e gelyfe, ]?aet ]?ry Godas syndon, o^^e aenig had, on faere halgan )?rynnysse, sy unmihtigra )7onne o^er. ^Ic J^aera J>reora is an God ; J?eah hwae^ere hy ealle an God ; for ]>an ]?e hy ealle hab- ba^ an gecynd, and ane godcundnysse, and ane edwiste, and an ge)7eaht, and an weorc, and ane maegen-]7rymnysse, and gelic wuldor, and efen-ece rice. Is J^eah hwae^ere se sunu ana ge- flaescharaod, and geboren to men, of ]>am halgan maedene Ma- rian. Ne wear^ se faeder mid menniscnysse befangen ; ac )?eah hwae^ere he asende his sunu to ure alysednysse, and him aefre mid waes ; aegSer ge on life, ge on )?r6wunge, ge on aeriste, ge on his upstige. Eac eal Godes gela'Sung andette, on )7am rihtan ge- leafan, J^aet Crist is acenned of )?am claenan maedene Marian, and of )7am halgan gaste. Nis se halga gast ]?eah hwae^ere Cristes faeder, ne nan cristen man J^aet naefre ne sceal gelyfan ; ac se halga gast is willa )?aes faeder and J^aes suna : for ]>y ]?onne swi^e rihtlice is awriten, on urum geleafan, )7aet Cristes men- niscnys wear^ gefremed ]7urh fone halgan willan. Beheald )7a sunnan mid gleawnysse, on )?aere is, swa we aer cwaedon, haetu and beorhtnys ; ac seo haetu drig^, and seo beorhtnys onlyht. O^er )?ing de^ seo haetu and o^er seo beorhtnys, and )>eah 6t DE FIDE CATHOLICA. hwaB^re hy iie niagon beon totwaemede ; belympb j^eah hwae- (5ere seo haej^ung to j^aere haetan, and seo onlyhting belinipS to y-xre beorhtnysse. Swa eac Crist ana underfeng J^a menniscnysse, and na se faeder ne se halga gast ; j^eah hwae^ere hy waeron aefre mid him, on eallum his weorcum, and on ealre his fare. Gif se man ne mage )?as deopnysse understandan, gelyfe he on )7one aelmihtigan God J^e ealle )nng gesceop heofenes and eor^an, and he bi^ gehealden. We spreca^ ymbe God, deadlice be undead- licum, tyddre be a?lmihtigum, earmingas be mildheortum; ac hwa maeg weorSfullice sprecan be J^am ]?e is unasecgendlic. He is butan gemete, for J^y J7e be is aeghwaer : he is butan getaele, for fan ]>e he is asfre : he is butan hefe, for )?an ]?e he hylt ealle gesceafta butan geswence, and he hy ealle gelogode on )7am )?rym J^ingum; ]>aet is on gemete, and on get^le, and on hefe. Ac wite ge ]7aet nan man ne maeg fullice ymbe God sprecan, )7onne we fur^on J/a gesceafta, ]>e he gesceop, ne magon asme- agan ne areccan. Hwa maeg mid wordum }7aere heofonlican fraetewunge asecgan ? OS^e hwa ]7aere eor^an waestm-baernysse ? O^Se hwa heraS genihtsumlice ealra tida ymbh\vyrft? O^Se hwa ealle o^re )?ing, )?onne we fur)7on )7a hchamlican )?ing, ]>e we onlocia^, ne magon fullice befon mid tire gesyh^e ? Efne ]m gesyhst fone man beforan 'pe ; ac, on }>aere tide fe )7u his neb gesyhst, ]7u ne gesyhst na his hricg : ealswa, gif fn sumne cla^ sceapast, ne miht )?u hine ealne setgaedere geseon; ac wendst abutan, ]7aet ]?u ealne hyne geseo. Hwylc wunder is, gif se aelmihtiga God is unasecgendlic and unbefangenlic, se^e sghwaer is eal and nahwaer todaeled ? Nu smea'S sum unde6p)?ancol man, hu God mage beon aeghwaer aetgaedere, and nahwaer todaeled : Beheald )7as sunnan, hu heage heo astih^, and hu heo asent hire leoman geond ealne middan-eard, and hu heo onlyht ealle )7as eor^an, ]>e mancyn onearda^ : swa hra^e swa heo up-asprinc^, on aerne merien, heo scin^ on Jerusalem and on Rome-byrig, and on j^ysum earde, and on eallum eardum aetgaedere; and, )?eah hwae^ere, heo is gesceaft and gae^ be Godes dihte. Hwaet DE FIDE CATHOLICA. 65 wenst J?u, hu mycele swy^or is Godes anweardiiys, and his miht, and his neosung aeghwaer ? Him ne wi^stent nan )?ing, na)?er ne staenen weal ne bryden wah, swa swa hy wi^standa^ )78ere sun- nan. Him nis nan J?ing digle ne uncu^. pu sceawast )?aes mannes neb and God sceawa^ his heortan. Godes gast afanda^ ealra manna heortan ; and ]7a J7e on hine gelyfa^, and hine lufia^, )7a he clsensa^ and geglada^ mid his neosunge ; and j^gera un- geleaffulra manna heortan he forbyS and onscuna^. Wite eac gehwa, ]>dBt aslc man haef^ )7reo J7ing on him sylfum iintodaeledlice and togaedere wyrcende ; swa swa God cwae^, J?a )?a he aerest man gesceop : he cwae^ : Utan gewyrcan man to ure anlicnysse. On hwylcum daele haefS se man Godes anlicnesse on him ? On )?gere sawle, na on )7am lichaman. pses mannes sawl h«f^ on hyre ge- cynde ]>asre halgan }>rynnysse anlicnysse ; for J?an fe heo haef^ on hyre freo )7ing : )?aet is gemynd, and andgyt, and wylla. purh ]?aet gemynd, se man ge)?enc^ )7a )?ing, ]}e he gehyrde, o^^e geseah, o^^e geleornode. purh ]7aet andgyt, he understent ealle ]7a f ing, ]7e he gesyh^, o^^e gehyr^. Of j^am willan cuma^ gej^ohtas, and word, and weorc ; a?gSer ge gode, ge yfele. An sawl is, and an lif, and an edwist, seo ]>e haef^ )?as J^reo )7ing on hyre, togaedere wyrcende, iintodaeledlice ; for J7y )7aer ])gei gemynd biS, }>a?r bi^ ]>aet andgyt, and se wylla ; and aefre hy beo^ togaedere. peah hwae^ere, nis nan )7aera )7reora seo sawl, ac seo sawl J>urh ]7aet gemynd geman^, )7urh )7get andgyt heo understent, )?urh )7one willan heo wyle swa hwa?t swa hyre gelica^, and heo is hwae^ere an sawl and an lif. Nu haef^ heo for J7y Godes anlicnysse on hyre, for )7an ]>e heo haef^ )7reo j^ing on hyre untodaeledlice wyr- cende. Is, ]>eah. hwas^ere, se man an man and na f>rynnys. God so^lice, feeder, and sunu, and halig gast )7urhwuniaS on J^ryn- nysse hada, and on annysse anre godcundnysse. Nis Da se man on j^rynnysse wunigende, swa swa God ; ac he haef^, ]?eah hwae- ^ere, Godes anlicnysse on his sawle, )7urh f>a )7reo J^ing ])e we aer cwaedon. Arius hatte an gedwolman, se flat wib aenne bisceop, se waes genemned Alexander, wis and rihtgelyfed. pa cwae^ se gedwolman, ]>set Crist, Godes sunu, ne mihte na beon his faeder F 66 DE FIDE CATHOLICA. gelyc, lie swa mihtig swa swa he ; and cwa^b, }>aet se faeder waere aer ]>e sunn, and nam bysne be mannum, liu aelc sunu bi^ gin- gra )7onne se fa^der on }>yssum life, pa cwae^ se halga bisceop Alexander him togeanes: God wags aefre, and sefre waes his wisdom of him acenned, and se wisdom is se sunu, eal swa mihtig swa se faeder. pa begeat se gedwolman J>8es Caseres fultum to his gedwylde, and cwae^ gemot ongean )?one bisceop, and wolde gebygan eal )7aet folc to his gedwylde. pa wacode se bisceop ane niht on Godes cyrican, and clypode to Drihtne, and )7us cwae^ : pu, aelmihtiga God., dem rihtne dom betwux me and Arrium. Hy comon ]?a j^aes on merigen to ]7am gemote, pa cwae:S se gedwola to his geferan, ]?aet he wolde gan ymbe his neode for^. pa ]>a he to gange com and he gesaet, ]>a. gewand him ut eal his innewearde, ast his setle, and he saet )7aer dead, pa geswutelode God, ]7aet he waes swa geaemtegod on his inno^e, swa swa he waes aer on his geleafan. He wolde don Crist laessan )7onne he is, and his godcundnysse weorSmynt wanian. pa wear^ him swa bysmorlic dea^ geseald, swa swa he wel weor^e waes. Olper gedwolman waes, se hatte Sabellius. He cwae^ ]7aet se faeder waere, fa fa he wolde, faeder, and eft, ]7a )7a he wolde, sunu, and eft, )7a )7a he wolde, halig gast; and waere for ]>y an God. pa forwear^ eac ]?es gedwola, mid his gedwylde. Nu eft ]7aet lu- deisce folc, ]>e Crist ofslogon, swa swa he sylf wolde and ge)?a- fode, hy secga^ ]>3et hy willa^ gelyfan on ]?one faeder, and na on )?one sunu, ]>e heora magas ofslogon. Heora geleafa nis naht, and hy for)7y losia^. For ure alysednesse Crist geJ>afode )?aet hy hine ofslogon. Hit ne mihte eal mancyn don, gif he sylf nolde. Ac se halga faeder gescedp and geworhte mancyn ]7urh his sunu, and he wolde eft, ]7urh ]?one ylcan, us alysan fram helle wite, )7a ]>a we forworhte waeron. Butan aelcere )7r6wunge he mihte us habban, ac him Jjuhte ]?aet unrihtlic. Ac se deofol for- wyrhte hine sylfne, fa fa he tihte faet ludeisce folc to faes Hae- lendes siege; and we wurdon alysede, furh his unscyldigan dea^, fram fam ecan dea^e. We habba^ fone geleafan fe Crist sylf taehte his apostolum, and hy ealluni mancynne ; and fone DE FIDE CATHOLICA. 67 geleafan God haef-S mid manegum wundrum getrymmed and gefsestnod. ^rest Crist, )7urh hine sylfne, diimbe and deafe, healte and blinde, wode and hreoflige, gehaelde, and ]>a deadan to lyfe araerde. Sy^^an, )?urh his apostolas and o^re halige men, ]?as ylcan wundra geworhte : nu eac, on iirum timan, gehwaer |7aer halige men hy Testa's, get hepra deadum banum God wyrc^ fela wundra ; to }>y }>aet he wyle folces geleafan mid wundrum getrymman. Ne wyrcS God na }7as wundra set nanes ludeisces mannes byrigenne, ne set nanes o]?res gedwolan, ac aet rihtgely- fedra manna byrgenum, ]>a ]>e gelyfdon on "pa. halgan J^rynnysse, and on so^e annysse anre godcundnysse. Wite eac gehwa, )?8et nan man ne mot beon tuwa gefullod ; ac gyf se man asfter his fulluhte aslyde, we gelyfa'S ]?8et he mage beon gehealden, gif he his synna mid wdpe behreowsaS, and be lareowa taecunge hit gebete. We eac sceolon gelyfan j^aet aelces mannes saul biS ]?urli God gesceapen; ac, )7eah hwae]?ere, hed ne bi^ na of Godes agenum gecynde. pass mannes lichaman antimber bi^ of ]7am feeder and of j^sere meder, ac God gescypS J»one lichaman of Ipam antimbre, and asent on );one lichaman sawle. Ne bi^ seo sawel nahwer wuniende aeror, ac God hi gewyrc^ )7a&rrihte and geset on )7one lichaman, and let hy habban agenne eyre, swa heo syn- gige, swa heo synna forbuge. peah hwae^ere, heo behofa^ aefre Godes fultumes, )?ast heo mage synna forbugan, and eft to hyre Scyppende becuman, J7urh gode geearnunga ; for )7an )7e nan man ne de^, butan Gode, nanj^ing to gode. Eac we sceolon gelyfan J>aet aelc lichama, ]>e sawle underfeng, sceal arisan, on domes daeg, mid j^am ylcan lichaman, ]7e he underfed, and sceal onfon edlean ealra his daeda; )7onne habba^ )?a godan ece lif mid Gode, and he syl^ 'pa mede aelcum be his geearnungum. Da synfuUan beo^ on helle-wite a^rowiende, and heora wite biS eac gemete- god, aelcum be his gearnungum. Uton for py geearnian paet ece lif mid Gode, j^urh j^ysne geleafan, and )7urh gode geearnunga, se^e )?urhwuna^ on )?rynnysse, an aelmihtig God, a on ecnysse. Amen. F 2 68 DOMC. IN SEPTUAGESIMA. A HOMILY. DrihteN saede )7is bispel his leorning-cnihtum, )7us cwe^ende : Simile est regnum ccelorum homini patrifamilias, quiexiit primo mane, conducere operarios in vineam suam : et reliqua. De Haelend cwse^ j^aet heofonan rice waere gelic sumum hi- redes ealdre, )?e ferde on aerne merien and wolde hyrian wyrhtan into his win-earde : ^a gewear^ J7am hlaforde and ])am hyrig- mannum wi^ anum peninge, and hi eodon into )7am win-earde. Eft, ymbe undern dseges, eode ])ads win-eardes hlaford ut and gemette oJ>re hyrmen standende idele on )?aere straete, and he cwae^ to him : Ga^ into minum win-earde, and ic sylle eow faet riht bi^. Hi ]>a eodon to his weorce be )7am gehate. Ymbe midne daeg, and on non-tide, eode se hiredes ealdor ut, and dyde hand swa gelice. JEt nextan twa tida ofer none, eode se hlaford ut, and gemette ma wyrhtan standan, and him to cwse^ : Hwi stande ge her ealne daeg aemtige ? Hi andwyrdon : For)7an 'pe us nan man ne hyrede. Se hlaford cwae'S : Ga^ into minum win- earde. Witodlice, on aefnunge, cwae'S se hlaford to his wicnere : Clypa ]?as wyrhtan, and agyld him hyra mede ; foh on )7am ende- nextum, o^ "past pu cume to j^am fyrmestum. pa comon ]>a ende- nextan, pe on aefnunge waeron ahyrede, and heora aelc underfeng aenne pening. Hwaet, pa fyrmestan, pe on aerne merien comon, wendon j^aet hy maran mede onfon sceoldon : ]7a underfengon hy aenlipie penegas, swa swa fa 6]?re. Da ongunnon hy to ceo- rienne ongean ]?one hyredes ealdor, and cwaedon : pas ende- nyhstan men worhton ane tide, and pu dydest hi us gelice aet ]7aere hyre; we pe baeron ^a byr^ene ]7isses daeges and haetan. pa andwyrde se hlaford, and cwae^ to hyra anum : Du freond, ne do ic pe naenne teonan ; hula, ne gewear^ unc to anum pe- nincge ? Nim )?aet )?in is, and ga ^e for^. Ic wille so^lice syllan fjysum latestan swa micel swa pe. Hu, ne mot ic don paet ic IN SEPTUAGESIMA. 69 wylle ? OS^Se j^in eage is yfel, for^San ^e ic eom g6d ? pus wasron };a latestan fyrmeste, and )7a fyrmestan endenyxte, Feala synd gecygede, and feawa gecorene. Gregorius se Trahtnere cwae^ ]78et J>is godspel haef^ langne tige on his trahtnunge, )7a he wile mid sceortre race befon ; ]7aet hit to hefig tyme ne ]7ince J?am heorcniendum. Mine gebro^ra, gelome ic eow saede J^aet heofonan rice getacnaS J^as andvveardan gela^unge ; for )7y rihtwisra manna gegaderung is gecweden heofonan rice. Se hiredes ealdor is tire Drihten, se J7e gewylt )7a ]7e he gesceop, and his gecorenan on fysum middanearde geagna^, swa swa hlaford his hired on his healle. He haef^ )7one win-eard wislice ealle ]7a geleaffullan gela^unge, swa swa se witega cwae^ Isaias : So^lice Godes win-eard is Irahela hiwraeden. Mid J^am naman is geswutelod eal Godes folc. Be 'Sam win-earde cwag^ Drihten to ludeiscre )?edde : Ic secge eow )?aet Godes rice bi^ eow aetbroden, and bi^ forgifen J^asre J7edde, ]>e his westmas wyrca^. pes win-eard sprytte Godes gecorenan fram J?am rihtwisan Abele o^ J^am endenyxtan halgan ]?e on )7issere worulde- accenned bi'S, swylce he swa feala win-boga ge- tyddrode. Witodlice J^es hyredes ealdor ahyrede wyrhtan into his win-earde on aerne merien, eft on undern, and eft on midne daeg, on non-tide, and on J^aere aendlyftan tide ; forj^an ]7e he fram frym"Se middaneardes, o^ his geendunge, ne ablin^ to asen- denne bydelas and lareowas to laerenne his folc, faet hi symle ]fa. misweaxendan bogas 6f-ascreadian, J7aet ]7a toweardan f>ednde beon. Witodlice, gif se win-eard naef^ )7one ymbhwyrft, and ne bi^ on riht gescreadod, ne bi^ he waestmbaere, ac for ra'Se awil- da^ : swa eac Godes folc, buton fa lareowas screadian symle ]>a. leahtras, ]7urh heora lare, aweg, ne bi^ ]7aet laewede folc vvaestm- baere on godum weorcum. Eornostlice, se aer merien waes fram Adame o'S Noe, se undern fram Noe o^ Abraham, se mid-dasg fram Abrahame oS Moysen, se non fram Moyse o^ Drihtnes td- cyme, seo aendlefte tid fram Drihtnes acennednysse oS ende j^j^ses middan-eardes. Drihten asende his wyrhtan on eallum j^ysum 70 IN SEPTUAGESIMA. foresaedum tidum to beganne his win-eard; for]?an ]7e he asende aerest heahfaederas to laerenne his folc, and sy^J^an aelice lareo- was and witegan, and aet nextan his apostolas, and }>urh fa his folces J^eawas beeode, swlyce he ]7iirh wyrhtan on win-eardes big- genge swunce. ^Ic J^aera manna, ]?e mid rihtum geleafan god weorc beeode, waes untweonlice )7yses win-eardes wyrhta. Se meriendlica tilia, and )7«re )7riddan tide, and )7aere sixtan, and }>asre nigo^an, getacnia'S fast ealde Ebreisce folc, ]>e fram frym^e middan-eardes mid rihtum geleafan God wur^ode, swylce hy swuncon on win-eardes biggenge mid gecneordlicre teolunge. To )7aere aendlyftan tide so^lice wurdon ]7a hae^enan geclypode, and )7am waes gesaed : To hwi stande ge her ealne dseg idele ? pa hae^enan stodon ealne daeg idele, for'San ]7e hi forgymeleaso- don ]7ags ecan lifes tilunge, on swa langsumre tide middan-eardes. Ac understanda'S hu hy andwyrdon ]?aes win-eardes hlaforde ; hi cwaedon : For]7an ]7e us nan man ne hyrede. Witodlice, naes nan heahfaeder, ne nan witega asend to h^^enum folce, ]>e heora gedwild beloge, aer Drihtnes to-cyme, )7urh his menniscnysse. Hwaet is to cwe^enne, faet nan man us to }>am win-earde ne ahyrede, buton )?aet nan man us ne bodade lifes weg ? Mine gebro^ra, hwylce beladunge mage we habban, gif we godra weorca geswica^, we ^e fram cild-cradole to Godes geleafan comon ? We magon eac ]7as ylcan mistlicnysse )?aera foresaeda tida to anum gehwylcum men be his ylde tidum to-d^lan. Wi- todlice, ures andgytes merien is ure cildhad ;, ure cnihthad swylce undern tid, on );am astih^ ure gedgo^, swa swa seo sunne de'S ymbe J^asre )?riddan tide ; ure fulfremeda waestm, swa swa mid- daeg; for]7an )7e on midne daeg bi^ seo sunne on )7am yfemestan ryne stygende, swa swa se fulfremeda waestm bi^ on fulre streng^e )7e6nde ; seo non-tid bi^ ure yld, for]?an fe on non- tide astih^ seo sunne of J>am yfemestan ryne, and ]7aes ealdiendan mannes mgegen bi^ waniende ; seo endlyfte tid bi^ seo forwe- rode ealdnys, ]7am dea^e genealaecende, swa swa seo sunne set- lunge genealaec^ on ]>3ss daeges geendunge. Eornostlice J^onne IN SEPTUAGESIMA. 71 sume beoS gelaedde on cildhade to godum )?eawum and rihtum life, sume on cnihthade, sume on gej^ungenum vvaestme, sume on ylde, sume on forwerodre ealdnysse ; )?onne bi^ hit swilce hy becomon on mistlicum tidum to j^am win-earde gela^ode. Mine gebro^ra, behealda^ edwre j^eawas, and, gif ge gytGodes wyrh- tan synd, sceavvia^, and smeage gehwylc hwaet he deS, and be- healde hwa3^er he on Godes win-earde swince. Se^e on and- weardum life him sylfum tila^, and na Gode, ne com se na gyt binnan Godes win-earde. pa tilia^ so^lice Gode, ]7a J^e ne seca^ heora agen gestreon )7urh gytsunge, ac smeagea^ ymbe Godes tylunge, hu hi magon unriht alecgan and rihtwisnysse fyr^rian ; o^rum men fremian mid gecneordnysse faere so^an lufe, and )7a )7e caria^ mid wacelum mode hu hi 6);ra manna sawla Gode gestrynon and mid him to ^am ecan life gelaedan. Se ^e him sylfum leofa^, and se'Se on his flaesclicum lustum li^, rihtlice he his idel gepread ; for]?am Ipe he ne tila^ nanes waestmes J>aes god- cundlican weorces. pa J>e mid gymeleaste heora dagas aspena^, and nella^ Gode libban o^ heora endenextan ylde, hi standa^ ydele o^ )?a endenextan tide. To swylcum sleacum cwae^ se hyredes ealdor: To hwi stande ge her ealne daeg idele? Swylce he swutolice cwaede: Gif ge noldon Gode libban on cildhade, ne on geogo^e, gecyrra^ nu huru-finga on ylde to lifes wege ; nu ge habba^ hwonlice to swincenne : swa )?eah ]7yllice gela^a^ se hiredes hlaford, and for wel oft hy onfo^ hyra edlean hra^or, for)7an J7e hi gewita^ to heofonan rice hraedlicor J>onne )?a 'Se fram cildhade Gode J^eowedon. Witodlice, se scea'Sa ]>e mid Criste )?r6wode, and, on hyne gelyfende, his synna geandette, com on )7aere endlyftan tide, na )?urh ylde, ac ]7urh yfelnesse wite : scyldig he waes to hellicre susle, for his man-daedum, ac he geandette his synna Drihtne sylfum, on J>aere rode hangende, mid fullum geleafan, and Cristes miltsunge, )?ysum wordum abaed : Drihten beo min gemyndig, ];onne ]?u cymst to ]7inum rice. Drihten him andwyrde : So^ ic ])e secge, nu to dieg )?u bist mid me on neorxna wange. Witodlice, fram j^am endenex- 72 IN SEPTUAGESIMA. tan ongan se hiredes ealdor to agyldenne )7one pening, )?a 'Sa he gelaedde )7one scea^an into heofonan rice, aer J^an fe he laedde Petrum o^^e his o^re apostolas, and rihtlice swa ; forj^an ^e se scea^a gelyfde on )7one timan on Crist, ]>a ^a his apostolas on miceh'e tweonunge waeron. Eala hu fela heahfiederas aer Moyses ae rihtlice leofodon, and hii fela witegan, under j^aere ae, Gode gecwemlice drohtnodon, and hi, swa )7eah, naeron ge- laedde to heofonan rice, aer^an ]?e Drihten ny^er astah, se 'Se neorxna wanges faesten mid his agenum dea^e geopnode, and hi J;a mid langsumre elcunge heora mede underfengon, ])a ^e we butan elcunge, J?asrrihte, swa we of urum lichaman gewita'S, iin- derfoS. So^lice ]7a ealdan heahfaederas and ge|?ungene witegan baeron ]7a byr^ene and J?aes daeges haetan, forj^an 'Se hy fram anginne middan-eardes o^ Cristes to-cyme on hellicre clysinge anbidodon ; ]?eah "Se hi on Abrahames wununge, buton pinun- gum, for heora godnesse wunodon ; and swylce, aefter ceorunge, )7one pening underfengon, )?a ^a hi, ^fter langsumere tide, to heofonan becomon. Witodlice, ne underfed nan ceoriende sawl Godes rice, ne nan cedrian ne maeg se^e to ^am becym'S. Ac J7aera ealdfaedera ceorung is to understandenne heora gnornung, J7aet hy rihtlice for heofonan rice leofodon, and, swa )7eah, mid langsumre elcunge hit underfengon. We so^lice, J^e to faere endleftan tide comon, aefter urum geswince, nates-hwon ne ceo- ria^, and we underfo^ )7one pening, for)7an ^e we cuma^ aefter ]fses Haelendes menniscnysse ; we beo^ gelgedde to his rice )7aer- rihte aefter urum for^si^e, gif we aer on life rihtlice leofodon ; and we )7onne, butan yldinge, underfo^ )7set ]7aet ]?a ealdan faederas, aefter langsumre elcunge, underfengon. Be ^am cwae^ se hiredes ealdor : Ic wille syllan J^ysum endenextan eal swa micel swa ^e. And for]?an ]?e seo onfangennys ]?aes rices is of Godes godnesse, rihtlice is her baeftan gecweden on ende-byrdnesse Ipass god- spelles : La, hu ne mot ic don J^aet ic wylle ? Dyslic bi^ mannes ceast ongean Godes godnesse. Sum ceorung mihte beon gif he his gehat ne gelaeste, ac nan )7eah ^e he mare ne sealde. Be )7am IN SEPTUAGESIMA. 73 is gyt gelimplice gecweden : O^^e J7in cage is yfe\, for^am ]>e ic eom god ? Ne onhebbe hine nan man on his weorcum, ne on langsumum f^eowdome, )7onne seo so^faestnys clypa^ : pus beo^ J7a endenextan fyrmeste, and fa fyrmestan endenexte. Efne nuj )7eah we witon hu feala god o^^e hu micele we gefremedon, nyte we ]?eah gyt mid hwilcre smea^ancolnysse se upplica dema )7a afanda^ ; and witodlice, gehwylcum men is ]7earle to blissi- enne, ]7eah "Se he endenext on Godes rice si ge-endebyrd. pyses godspelles geendung is swy^e ondraedendlic : Feala synd gela- "Sode, and feawa gecorene. Drihten cwae^ on o^re stowe, ]?aet feala cuma^ fram east-daele, and fram west-djele, and geresta'^ mid ]7am heahfagderum, Abrahame, and Isaace, and lacobe, on heofonan rice. Hwait, eac se ylca trahtnere Gregorius, on sumes o^res godspelles trahtnunge, cwse^, )7aet swa micel werod men- niscra manna sceal astigan J^aet heofonlice rice, swa feala swa J^ara gecorenra engla on heofonum belifon, acfter }>aera mddigra gasta hryre. peah 'pa gecorenan Godes cempan synd feawa ge^uhte on andweardum life, betwux flaesclicum mannum, J^e heora lustum gehyrsumia^, ac hi ne beo^ na feawa j^onne hi ge- gaderode beo^. Ne gedafena^ )?am gastlicum )7aet hi J^am flaes- clicum ge-efenlaecon, ne hi huxlice forseon ; for^an pe we geseo^ hwaet nu to daeg is, ac we nyton hvvset to merien bi^ toweard. For wel 6ft cym^ se baeftan us, J;e us mid swiftnysse godre drohtnunge forestaepb, and we earfo^lice him fylia'S to mergen, se 'Se nu to daeg is ure folgere ge];uht. Witodlice, pa Sa se forma cy^ere Stephanus for Godes geleafan gestaened waes, Saulus heold ealra J7aera staenendra hacelan; and, swa )7eab, Paulus sy^fan forestop Stephanum, on Godes gela^unge, mid raaenigfealdum geswincum, ]?one pe he aer ehtende martyr gema- code. Twa J^ing synd, pe we sceolon carfullice ascunian ; aerest, paet ure nan be him sylfura to dyrstelice ne truwige ; and sy^San, )7aet ure nan be his nextan ne ortruwige, J^eah Se he on leahtrum befeallen sy ; for^an pe us synd uncu^e ]?a micelan welan Godes mildheortnysse, pyssere mildheortnysse welan besceawode se 7i IN NATALE SCI CUTHBERHTl. sealm-sceop, ]>sl urh be- reowsunge, to J78ere ecan mede gehealt. pa nolde he gecigan God mildheortne, ac het hine his mildheortnysse, )?us cwe^ende: Min God and min mildheortnys ! Uton gemunan ure aerran synna, and uton besceawian ]>a mycclan Godes arfaestnysse, hu he urum gyltum miltsa^, and )?aerto-eacan faet heofonlice rice behet s6S- lice daedbetendum aefter gyltum. Uton for^i ealle clypian mid inweardre heortan, swa swa se sealm-sceop clypode : pu eart min God and min mildheortnys. Godes mildheortnys us fore- staep^, and his mildheortnys us fyligS. pa ^a we wel ndldon, J7a forhradode Godes mildheortnes us, ]7aet we wel woldon : nu we wel wylla^, us fylig^ Godes mildheortnys ])aet ure willa idel ne si. He gearca^ urne gddan willan to fultumienne, and he fylst ]?am willan gegearcodne, se^e leofa^ and rixa^ nu and symle on worulde. Amenj IN NATALE SCI CUTHBERHTl EPISCOPI. A HOMILY. Cu^BERHTUS se halga bisceop, scinende on manegum gearnun- gum and healicum ge^inc^um, on heofonan rice, mid )7am ael- mihtigan Scyppende, on ecere blisse rixigende, wuldra^. Beda se snotera Engla j7eoda lareow ]?yses halgan lyfiende gebyrdlice, mid wulderfuUum herungum, aegSer ge aefter anfealdre gereced- nysse, ge aefter leo^licre gyddunge, awrat. Us sasde so^lice IN NATALE SCI CUTHBERHTI. 75 Beda, past se eadiga Cu^berhtus, fa ^a he wses eahta wintra cild, arn, swa swa him his nytenlice yld tyhte, plegende mid his efen-ealdum ; ac se aelmihtiga God wolde styran ]?sere nyten- nysse his gecorenum Cu^berhte, )7urh mynegunge gelimplices lareowes, ])a sende he him to an ^ry wintre cild, j^aet hit his dys- lican plegan, mid stae^^igum wordum, wislice ]7reade. So^lice, )7aet foresaede J7ry wintre cild ]?one ggemenigendan Cu^berhtum befran : To hwi under]7e6dst )7U ^e sylfne j^ysum idelan plegan, l?u ^e eart fram Gode gehalgod midroderlicumwur^mvnte? Ne gedafena^ bisceope, )7aet he beo folces mannum gelic : geswic, la leof, swa un]78eslices plegan, and ge^eod ]?e to Gode, ]>e ^e to bisceope his fblce geceas, ]7am ]>\x scealt heofenan rices infaer geopenian. Hwaet, Cu^berhtus )7a gyt mid his plegan for^arn, o^^aet his lareow, mid biterum tearum dreorilice wepende, ealra )7aera cildra plegan faerlice gestilde. Witodlice, eall se cilda heap wolde ]?ass anes cildes dreorignysse gefrefrian ; ac hi ealle ne mihton, mid heora frofre, his dreorignysse adwaescan, aer^an ^e Cu^berhtus hit, mid arfaestum cossum, gegladode, and he sylf syS^an, aefter ];aes cildes mynegunge, on healicere gestae^^ig- nysse symle j^urhwunode. ^fter )?ysum, wear^ J>ges eadigan Cu^berhtus cnedw mid heardum geswelle alefed, swa ]?get he mid cruccum his fe^unge underwre^ode : ]7a gesaet he sume daege under sun-beame, and his scancan be^ode, him com J^a ridende to sum arwur^e ridda, sittende on snaw-hwitum horse, and he sylf mid hwitum gyrlum befangen waes, and he ]?one halgan mid gesib- sumum wordum swaeslice grette, biddende, )?8et he him dseg- wiste gedafenlice ti'Sode. Cu^berhtus )?a to '5am engle anmodlice cwae^ : Ic wolde )7ine )7enunge sylf nu gearcian, gif ic me mid fe^unge ferian mihte : min adlige cneow is yfele gehaefd, ]7aet ne mihte nan laece-wyrt awiht geli^ian, J^eah ]>e heo gelome to-geled waere. pa gelihte se cuma, and his cneow grapode mid his hal- wendum handum, and het hine niman hwaetene smedman, and on meolce wyllan, and swa mid )>aere hsetan ]7aet to)7undene lim gewri^an, and, aefter ]?ysum wordum, his hors gestrad, on |7ani 76 IN NATALE SCI CUTHBERHTI. siSfa^te ]>e he J>ider com, aweg ferende. Hwset ]}a, Cu^berhtus, aefter ]?aes engles lare, his cneow beSode, and he sona gesundfull his fasreldes breac, and ongeat, ]>aet God, ]7urh his engel, hine genedsode, se^e iu aer )7one blindan Tobian, J>urh his heahengel Raphahel, mihtelice onleohte. Eft se halga Cu^berhtus, J'a'Se he wacode mid hyrdemannum oh felda, on his geogo^e, fa geseah he heofonas opene, and englas gelseddon Aigdanes bisceopes sawle, mid micclum wundrum, into ]?sere heofonlican myrh'Se. Hwilon eac Cu^berhtus ferde geondland bodiende Godes gelea- fan, ]?a for unwedere gecyrde he to sumes hyrdes cytan, ]?€ stod faeste on )?am westene J^e he oferferde, and getigde his hbrs J^aer binnon. pa, mid )7am )7e he his gebedu sang, ];a taer ]7aet hors )7ffit ]7aec of 'Saere cytan hrofe, and feoll adune, swilce of "Sam hrofe, an wearm hlaf mid his syflincge : he ]>a ge^ancode Gode )7aere f-ande, and mid )?3ere hine sylfne gereordode. Se eadiga Cu'Sberhtus asfter J7an ealle woruld-)?ing eallunga forlet, and mid )?eawum hine sylfne to munuc-life ge'Seodde ; and he hraedlice, sy^^an he munuc waes, wear^ gesett muneca ]7en, 'p8dt he cumena buses gymde, and mynsterlicum cumum ge^ensum waere. pa, aet sumon saele, on wintres daege, him com to Godes engel on cuman hiwe, and Cu^berhtus hine mid ealre cumli^nysse under- feng. pa gecyrde he ut ymbe ]?aes cuman J^enunge, ac he ne gemette naenne cuman ]?a ^a he inn com, ac lagon ]7ry heofonlice hlafas on lilian beorhtnysse scinende, and on rosan brae^e sty- mende, and on swaecce swettre j7onne beona hunig. pa sceawode se halga Cu^berhtus on "Sam snawe gehwaer, hwider se cuma si^igende ferde, ac J>a ^a he nane fot-swa'Su on "Sam snawe ne geseah, fa ongeat he, faet se cuma wass engel and na mann, se^e fone heofonlican fodan him brohte, and faes edrSlican ne rohte. pes foresaeda halga wer waes gewunod faet he wdlde gan on niht to sae, and standan on ^am sealtum brymme, o^ his swuran, singende his gebedu. pa on sumere nihte hlosnode sum o^er munuc his faereldes, and mid sleacre staelcunge his fdt-swa'Sum filigde, oSSaet hi begen to sae becomon. pa dyde Cu^berhtus IN NATALE SCI CUTHBERHTI. 77 swa his gewuna waes, sang his gebedu, on saelicere y^e standende o^ ^one swuran, and sy^^an his cneowu on ^am ceosle gebigde, astrehtum hand-bredum to heofenlicum rodere. Efne )?a comon twegen sealas of saelicum grunde, and mid heora flyse his fet drigdon, and mid heora blaede his leoma be^edon, and sy^^an mid beacne his bletsunge baedon, Hcgende aet his fotura on feale- wum ceosle. pa Cu^berhtus j^a s^lican nytenu onsund asende, mid sp^re bletsunge, and on merigenlicre tide his mynster ge- sohte. Wear^ "pa se munuc micclum afyrht, and adlig on asrne merigen hine ge-eadmette to ^aes halgan cneowum, biddende ]7aet he his adl eallunga afligde, and his fyrewitnysse fasderlice gemilt- sode. Se halga J7a sona andwyrde : Ic )7inum gedwylde dear- nunge miltsige, gif ];q ^a gesih^e mid swigan bediglast, o^^aet min sawul heonon siSige, of andweardum life gela^od to heofo- num. Cu^berhtus )7a mid gebede his sceaweres seocnysse ge- haelde, and his fyrwites ganges gylt forgeaf. Feala wundra wur- don geworhte J>urh ]7one halgan Cu^berht, ac we willa^ for sceortnysse sume forsuwian, )?i laes ]>e )7eos racu eow to lang j^ynce. Witodlice, CuSberhtus ferde, swa swa his gewuna waes, embe geleafFulra bodunge, )7aet he j^am ungelaeredan folce lifes weg taehte. pa fleah sum earn aetforan him on si^e, and he his geferan befrinan ongan : Hwa hi to "Sam daege afedan sceolde ? pa cwae^ his gefera, )7aet he gefyrn smeade hwaer hi bigleofan biddan sceoldon. pa ^a hi ^a fare ferdon buton wiste, Cu^- berhtus )?a him togeanes cwae^ : La hwaet se aslmihtiga God maeg for ea^e unc, ]7urh ]?isne earn, aetfore sceawian, se^e iu aer Helian afedde furh j7one sweartan hraemn, aer he to heofonura si^ode. Hi ^a ferdon for^ si^igende, and efne se earn on ^am ofre gesaet, mid fisce geflogen )7one he J^aerrihte gefeng. pa cwas'S se halga to his geferan : Yrn to ^am earne, and him of-anim )7aes fisces dael )?e he gefangen haef^, unc to gereorde ; sy lof ]?am iElmihtigan, ]}e unc )7urh fisne fugol fedan wolde. Syle, swa l^eah, sumne dael ]?am earne to edleane his geswinces. Hi ^a, aefter gereorde, on heora weg ferdon, and Cu^berhtus )7am folce 78 IN NATALE SCI CUTHBERHTl. faegere bodade, paet hi wgeie waeron wi^ deofles syrwum, ]>y laes ye he mid leasunge heora geleafian awyrde, and fram )7aere bo- dunge heora mod abrude. paet folc |?a faegerlice ongan for^ arae- san betwux )?yssere mynegunge, micclum bepaeht, ]>aet hi ]7aere lare to lyt gymdon. Hwaet^e swicola feond hi swi^e bedydrode, swilce )7aer sum hus so^lice forburne, brastligende mid brandum, gedwimorlice swa )7eah. pa wolde ]>adt folc ]?aet fyr adwaescan, gif hit aenig-waeta wanian mihte ; ac ]7aes halgan andweardnys ea^elice acwencte ]?aes deofles dyderunge, ]>e hi dwollice filigdon, and ]7aes lifes word lyt-hwon gymdon. paet folc fa ofsceamod ongean cyrde to "Sagre lare fe hi aer forleton, biddende aet /Sam lareowe li^e miltsunge, ]7aet hi his lare aer to lyt gymdon, J7a "Sa he ^a fraecednysse him beforan saede. Cu^berhtus, swa J7eah, on o^rum timan, eall byrnende hus ahredde wi^ fyres dara, mid halgum benum, and fone windes blaed aweg fligde, se'Se aer for oft ]>a aettrian flan deoflicre costunge on him sylfum adwaescte, ];urh gescyldnysse so^es Drihtnes. He wolde gelome leodum bodian on fyrenum lande unforhtigende. Hwget him ]?a geu^e se aelmihtiga God faegere getingnysse ]7am folce to lare, and him menn ne mihton heora mod behydan, ac hi eadmodlice him ge- andetton heora digelnyssa, and elles ne dorston, and be his dihte digellice betton. Sum eawfest mann eac swilce haefde miccle cy^^e to "Sam halgan Cu^berhte, and gelomlice his lare breac : ])a getimode his wife wyrs ]7onne hi be^orfte, 'paet heo )7urh w6d- nysse micclum wass gedreht. pa com se e^wfaesta to ^am eadi- gan Cu^berhte, and he waes on "Sam timan to prafoste geset on •^am munuc-life, ]>e is Lindisfarnea gehaten. pa nemlice he for- sceame him openlice secgan, ]7aet his eawfaeste wif jon ^aere wdd- nysse lasg, ac baed, )7aet he asende sumne bro^or )7aet hire gerihtu gedon mihte, aer^an ]>e heo of life gelaed wurde. pa wiste Cu^- berhtus eall be 'Sam wife, and wolde j^urh hine sylfne heo sona geneosian; for^an )?e heo aer^an eawfsest leofode, J^eah )?e se unsi^ hire swa gelumpe. pa began se wer dreorig wepan, an- •Sraciende )?8BS ungelimpes. Cu'Sberhtus hine pa, mid wordum IN NATALE SCI CUTHBERHTI. 79 gefrefrode, cwae^ J^aet se deofol ]?e hire derian wolde, on his ge- neosunge, hi forlaetan sceolde, and mid micelre fyrhtu aweg fleon, and fast wif mid gewitte wel sprecende ongan him togeanes gan, and his bridel onfon. Hit gelamp, be "Saes lareowes wor- dum, )?aat J^ast wif hine gewittig mid wordum grette, basd }?aet heo moste him mete gearcian, find cydde hu se deofol hi dearnunge forlet, and swi^e forhtigende fleames cepte, )7a ^a se halga J^ider si^ode. Cu'Sberhtus se halga syS^an gefremode mihtighce wun- dra, on "Sam mynstre wimiende. Begann )7a on mode micclum smeagan, hu he ]?aes folces lof forfleon mihte; ])i Ises ]>e he wurde to hhsfull on worulde, and J^aes heofonlican lofes fremde waere. Wolde )7a anstandende ancer-lif adreogan, on digelnysse eal- lunga drohtnian : ferde )?a to Farnea, on flowendre y^e. past igland is eall beworpen mid sealtum brymme, on sae middan, )?ast wi^innan eall, aer^am fyrste, mid sweartum gastum, swi'Se waes afylled; swa )7aet menn ne mihton )?a moldan bugian, for ]?am wracan sweartra deofla ; ac hi ealle )?a endemes flugon, and ]?«t igland eallunge rymdon ]7am ae^elan cempan, and he );aer ana wunode, orsorh heora andan, ]?urh aelmihtigne God. pa waes J^aet igland mid ealle bedaeled wa? teres wynsumnysse, on ^am westum cludum, ac se halga wer )?a sona het )7a heardnysse swi^e holian, on middan ]7aere flore his faegeran botles, and 'paer waeter aeddre wynsum asprang, werod on swaecce, J7am were to bryce, se^e hwilon waeter to winlicum swaecce wundorlice awende, ]?a ^a hit wolde God. Se halga ]?a het him bringan saed, wolde on ^am westene waestmes tilian, gif hit swa geu^e se aelmihtiga God, J^ast he mid his fotum hine fedan moste. He seow ]7a hwaete on beswuncenum lande, ac hit to waestme aspringan ne mihte ; ne fur^on mid gaerse growende naes. pa het he him here bringan to saede, and ofer aelcne timan ]>a. eor^an seow, hit weox ]>SL mid Wynne and wel geripode. pa woldan hraemnas hine behreafian aet his gedeorfum, gif hi dorston swa. pa cwae^ se halga to ^am heard-nebbmii : Gif se ^^Imihtiga ]7yses geu^e, bruca^ j^aera waestma and me ne bidda^ ; gif he ]7onne eow )7yses 80 IN NATALE SCI CUTHBERHTI. lie getiSode, gewitaS aweg, waelhreowe fugelas, to eowrum eSele of "Sysum iglande. Hwset, )7a hraemnas ]>a ricene flugon ealle to- somne ofer J^one sealtan brym, and se halga ]>sl his geswinces breac. Eft )?a sy^^an o^re twegen swearte hraemnas si^lice co- mon, and his hus taeron mid heardum bile, and to neste baeron heora briddum to hlyw^e. pas eac se eadiga mid ealle afligde of 'Sam cSele mid anum worde ; ac an J^aera fugela eft fleogende com, ymbe j^reo dagas, ]?earle dreorig, fleah to his fdtum, frizes biddende, j^aet he on 'Sam lande libban moste symle unscae^^ig, and his gefera samod. Hwaet ]>a, se halga him ]7ses geu^e, and hi lustbaere ];agt land gesohton, and brohton )7am lareowe lac to medes, swines rysle his scon to gedreoge, and hi )7aer syS^an unscae^^ige wunedon. pa vvolde se halga sum hus getimbrian to his brycum, mid his gebro^ra fultume : )7a baed he hi anre sylle, )7aet he mihte )7aet hus on 'Sa sae healfe, mid ]7aere under- lecgan. pa gebro^ra him beheton, )7aet hi woldon )?aet treow, jjonne hi eft comon, him gebringan. pa comon hi swa swa hi cwaedon, and wurdon, swa J>eah, )7aes treowes ungemyndige, ac se aelmihtiga God his waes gemyndig, and him 'pa. sylle sylf asaende mid )7am saelicum flode, and )^ast flod hi awearp j^aer ]7aer he sylf smeade J^aet hus to araerenne, on ^am sealtum ofre. pa wunode se halga wer manega gear on 'Sam ancor-life swi'Slice sti^e, and hine geneosodon gelome eawfagste menn, and be his lare heora lif gerihtlashton. pa com to him sum abbudesse, ^Iflaed ge- haten, ]?aes cyninges swuster Ecgfrides; wokle, ]7urh his myne- gungum, hire mod getrymman. pa, betwux heora spraece, began heo to halsigenne ]7one halgan wer, ]?aet he sceolde hire secgan hu lange hire bro-Sor Ecgfridus moste his rices brucan ? pa and- wyrde hire se halga, mid twylicre sprasce, and cwas^ : For nahte bi^ geteald anes geares lust, j^asr ]7aer se swearta dea'S onsigende bi^. pa undergeat heo )?sette hire bro^or ne moste his lifes brucan ofer ]7am anum geare, and ];aerrihte, dreoriglice wepende, hine befran : La leof, saege me, hwa sceal his rice onfon, J>onne he bro^or naef^, ne he beam ne belaef^. pa cwae^ se halga wer IN NATALE SCI CUTHBERHTI. 81 eft to 'Sam maedene : Se aelmihtiga Scyppend haef^ gehealden sumne gecorene Jjissere leode to cyninge, and se bi^ ]>e swa leof swa nu is se o^er. pa gedyrstlgehte ]7aet mseden )7aet heo him ]7a gyt to spraece, and cwaeS : Mistlice smeaga^ manna heortan ; sume wilnia^ ge^inc^e )?yssere worulde, sume gefylla^ heora fracedan lustas, and hi ealle syS^an sorhlice waedlia^. pu for- sihst j7one healican wur^mynt, and ]7e is leofre on 'Sysum wacum scraefum, ]?onne )?u on healic bisceop sitte. pa cwae'S se witega, J?aet he wyr^e naere swa miccles hades, ne ^a3s heah-setles, ac, swa ]?eah, nan man Godes miht ne forflih^, on nanum heolstrum heofonan, o^^e eor^an, oS^e sae J^riddan. Ic gelyfe, swa]7eah, gif se ^Imihtiga niie hast )?aes hades beon, )?aet ic eft mote ]7is igland gesecan, aefter twegra geara ymbryne, and J7ises e^eles brucan. Ic bidde ]>e, ^Iflaed, )7aet )?u uncre spraece on minum life nanum ne ameldige. .^j^fter );ysum wordum wear^ gemot gehaefd, and Ecgfridus )?asr ongesaet, and peodorus j^yses iglandes arcebisceop, mid manegum oSrum ge^ungenum witum, and hi ealle anmodlice J^one eadigan Cu^berhtus to bisceope gecuron. pa saendon heo sona gewritu mid )7am aerende, to ^am eadigan were, ac hi ne mihton hine of his mynstre gebringan. pa reow se cyning sylf Ecgfridus to ^am iglande, and Trumwine bisceop, mid o^rum eawfaestum werum, and hi ]?one halgan swi^e halsu- don, heora cneowu bigdon, and mid tearum baedon, o^^aet hi hine wepende of ^am westene atugon to ^am-sino^e samod mid him, and he }>one had heora haese underfeng, swa swa hit gefyrn aer gesaed waes, ]7urh )73es cildes mu^, and )7aes maeran bisceopes Boisiles, ]>e him mid so^re witegunge his lifes endebyrdnysse saede. On 'Sam ilcan geare wear^ eac ofslaegen Ecgfrid se ae^ela cyning, on his unsi^e, ]>a ^a he on Peohtum begann to feohtenne to dyrstelice, ofer Drihtnes willan ; and his cyfes-borena bro^or sy^^an rixode, se^e for wisdome gewaende to Scottum, ]7aBt he ael^eodig on lare geSuge. pa waes gefylled seo forespraec, swa swa se halga wer saede J^am maedene, be hire gebro^rum, aer he bisceop waere. Hwaet )7a, sy^^an se halga Cu^berhtus Lindis- 82 IN NATALE SCI CUTHBERHTI. farnenscisre scire gela^unge leod-bisceop mid ealre gecnyrdnysse his folces gymde to efenlaecunge ]>asra eadigra apostola, and hi mid singalum gebedum gescylde wi^ deofol, and mid halwendum mynegungum to heofonum tyhte; and he swa leofode swa swa he sylf laerde and a his bodunge mid bisnungum astealde, and eac mid wundrum wel geglengde, and mid soBre lufe symle geswette, and gemetegode mid micclum geSylde, and wass swi^e estfull on aelcere spraece. He nolde awendan his gewunelican bigleofan, ne his gewaeda ]7e he on westene haefde, ac "Sa sti^- nysse his stearcan bigleofan, betwux laewedum folce, on his life geheold. He waes swi^e welig waedlum and ]7earfum, and symle him sylfum swi^e hafenleas. pa geworhte he fela wundra eac binnon )?am fyrste ]>e he bisceop waes. Mid halegum waetere he gehaelde sum wif ]7aes ealdormannes aewe, fram earmlicere co^e, ^nd heo sona gesund him sylfum ]7enode. Eft, on ^aere ilcan tide, he mid ele smyrode an licgende maeden on langsumum sare, ]7urh hefigtymum heafod-ece, and hire sona waes bet. Sum eawfest wer waes eac yfele gehaefed, and laeg aet for^si^e, his freondum orwene. pa hasfde heora sum haligne hlaf, ]7one ]?e se eadiga wer aer gebletsode, and he ]>aene J^aerrihte on waeter be- dypte, and his adligum maege on ^one mu^ begeat, and he )?aer- rihte faere adle gestilde. Eac on o^rum timan, sum adlig cniht fasrlice wear^ geferod aetforan )7am witan, ]>a. ^a he, mid lare, geond ]7aet land ferde, ]>a baedon J^a baermenn his bletsunge georne, and he )7aerrihte ]7one cniht araerde, swa ]?aet he gesund- fuU si^ode on his fotum, se^e on baere )?ider geboren waes. Sum earm moder unea^elice basr sam-cucu cild swi^e dreorig on "Sam ilcan wege, fe se wita ferde ; )7a besargode he ]7gere sorhfullan meder, and geswaeslice hire sunu cyste; cwae-S j^aet hire cild gesund beon sceolde, and eall hiwisc hasl^e brucan; and ]>aes witegan word wurdon gefyllede. ^Iflaed ]>a eft, ]?aet a^ele mae- den, ]7one halgan lareow to hire gela^ode : ]?a gesast he aet mysan micclum onbryrded, he beseah to heofonum and his sex awearp : J7a axode hine seo eadige faemne, hwi he swa hraedlice his gere- IN NATALE SCI CUTHBERHTI. 83 6rd forlete ? pa cwae^ se bisceop, mid abryrdiim mode, efne nu ic geseah englas ferian gesaeligliceof ^inum boc-lande, to heali- cere heofonan, mid halgum sange, and his nama ]?e bi^ ardlice gecyd on aerne merien, )7onne ic ofFrige Gode 'pa liflican lac on geleafFulre cyrcan. Hit wear^S pa gewidmaersod, swa swa se wit- ega cwag'S, j^aet hiremann )7urh hold raedenne pa sume ac astah, and his orf laeswode mid treowenum helme, and he hearde feoll, gewat of worulde mid wuldre to Gode, for ^aere hylde his heord- raedenne. Hwa maeg sefre ealle gerecfcan )?a mihtigan tacnu fjyses halgan weres, hu oft he ea^elice adlige gehaelde, and )7a sweartan gastas symle afligde, and faeigra manna for^si^ fore gleaw saede, wis J?urh witegunge wisdomes gastes. pa wunode sum sacerd swi^e gelyfed on ancer-setle aefter his lare, and on gehwilcum geare hine geneosode, Herebrihtus gehaten, hohfull on mode. Cu^berhtus ]7a sona hine onsundron gespraec, cwae'S pset he ]7a sceolde swi^lice befrinan his nydj^earfnysse, aer his nextan daege ; cwae^ )?aet he ne moste on menniscum life hine eft geseon, of )7am andweardum daege. Herebrehtus J^a sona swiSe hohfull wear^, and feoll to his fotum, mid flowendum tearum baed, past he moste mid him simian to heofonlicum )?rymme, of ^isum gewinne, swa swa he on life his lare gehyr- sumode. Hwaet fa, se bisceop his cneowa gebigde to ]?yssere bene, mid bli^um mode, and syS^San j7one sacerd sona gefre- frode ; cwae^ );aet him geu^e se aelmihtiga Wealdend, paet hi to- somne simian moston of ^isum earfo^nyssum, to ecere myrh^e. Herebrehtus )7a ham gewende, and, on leger bedde licgende, abad p8ds o^res geendunge, mid adligum limum. Cu^berhtus se halga ]7a swi^e onette to ^am ancor-setle, pe he aer gesaet, ]?urh halige mynegunge mihtiges Drihtnes ; wolde on ^am lande his lif geendian, J?aer )7aer he aer lange libbende drohtnode ; and he on ^am lande )?a gelseded wear^ on his for^si^e swi^e fus to Gode, on ^am )?riddan geare his biscophades, and on )?ysum daege to Drihtne gewat, and Hereberhtus samod, se halga sa- cerd, swa swa he on life aer geleornode, j^urh Godes gast, mid g2 81 IN NATALE SCI EADMUNDI. godum vvillan. His lie wear^ bebyrged on Lindisfarnensiscere circan, J^aer wurdon gevvorbte wundra forfela, |7urh geearnunga his eadigan lifes. pa gelicode hit )?am leod-bisceope Eadberhte sylfum, his seftergengan, )7aet he his b'chaman up )?a gelogode, on 'Sam endlyftan geare his geendunge : ])a wear^ J?8et halige lie hal on eorSan gemet, gesundfuU liegende, swilee he slsepende waere; li^ebige on Hmum, swa swa he geled waes. Sy wuldor and 16f J?am welegan Drihtne, se^e his geeorenan swa cystehce wur^a'S aefler deadUeum life, mid him hbbende a on eenysse eah'a wor- ulda. Amen. IN NATALE SANCTI EADMUNDI, REGIS ET MARTYRIS. A HOMILY. Sum swy^e ilaered munuc com suj^an ofer sse, from Sasincte Bene- dietes stovve, on ^]7eb'8edes dagum kynges, to Dunstane Archeb., J>re6m gearae serj^am 'pe he for^ferde, and sum munuc hatte Abbo. pa wurdon heo on speee, o^^etDunstan rehte be ScoEadmundo, swa swa Eadmundes swyrd-borae hit raehte -^J^elstan kynge, ]7a 'Sa Dunstan geunc mon waes, and ]>e swedrd-borae wses forealdod mon. Da sette ^e munuc alle J>as gereeednysse on ane bdc, and eft, J?a 'Sa ^eo boc com to us, binnon feawum gearum, )7a awende we hit on Englisc, swa swa hit her sefter stont. pe munuc ]7a Abbo, binnon twam gearum, wende ham to mynstre, and wearS ]?a to abbode iset on J^am ylcan mynstre. Eadmund, ]7e a&adigae East Englae kyng, waes sndter and wur^ful, and wur^ode symle mid 8e]?ele feawum }>one almihtigae God. He wass eadmod and ij7unegen, and swa anraede J>urhwunede, faet he nolde bugaen to bismerfulle leahtras, ne on nane healfe he ne ahydde his ]7eawaes, ac waes symle raundig )?are soJ>an lufe. Gyf )?u eart to heofod- IN NATALE SCI EADMUNDI. 85 men iset, ne ahaefe ]?u ^e, ac beo betweox monnum swa swa an mon of him. He waes cystig waedlum and wydewum, swa swa feder, and mid wsel-willendnesse wissode his folc simle to riht- wisnesse, and )7am re^an styrede and isaeligelice leofode. Hit ilamp ]7a aet nyxtan, )?3et ^a Deniscae leodse ferden mid scyp- here, hergende and sleande wide geond lond, swa swa heoras wune is. On ]7am floten waeron ^a fyrstan heafod-men, Hinguar and Hubba, geanlffihte ]7urh deofel, and heo on Nor^humbre- lond gelsendon mid aescum, and wsesten )78et lond and 'Sa leoden ofslogen. Da wende Hinguar east mid his scypum, and Hubba belaf on Nor^humbrselande, wunnenum sige mid waelreownesse. Hinguar bicom )?a to East Englum rowende, on ]7am geare J?e -Alfred aej^eling an and twentig geare waes, ]>e J?e Waest Seaxene kyng sy^^an wear^ maere. And ]?e fore-saede Hinguar faerlice, swja swa wulf, to londe bistalcode, and J>e leodae sloh, weraes and wif, and fa unwittige child, and to bysmere tucode ]>a bilewite cristene. He sende ]}a sy^^an sona to )7am kynge beotlice aerende, )7aet he bugon sceolde to his mon-raedene gif he his feores rohte. De aerendracse com ]fa to Eadmunde kynge, and Hinguares aerende him heardlice ahead : " Hinguar ure kyng, kene and sigefest on sae and on londe, haef^ felae ]7eod3e iwaeld, and com nu mid ferde ferlice her to lande, ]7aet he her winter-selt mid his werode habbe. Nu haet he ]>e daelen J?ine diglan gold- hordses, and )7ine aeldrynae streon hasrlice wi^ hine, )7aet }>u beo his under-kyng, gif ]>u cwyc beon wult, for)7an ^e ^u nasfst ])a mihte, ]7aet ^u mage him wi^standaen." Hwast ]7a, Eadmund kyng clypede aenne biscop, ]?e him ]?a hendest waes, and wi^ hine smeade, hu he ]7am reSan Hinguare berstan sceolde. pa forht- ede }>e biscop for ]?am faerlice gelimpe, and for J^aes kynges life, and cwae-S, )7ast him raed )7uhte, ]>aet he to )7am abuge, ]fe Hinguar him bead. Da swywode 'pe kyng, and biseah to ]?are eor^an, and cwae'S )?a aet nyhstan kynelice him to : " Eala, 'pu biscop, to by- smere beo^ itawode J^aes earman lond leoda?, and me nu leofre were, J^aet ic on feohte feolle, wi^ |7am Se min folc moste heorse 86 IN NATALE SCI EADMUNDI. eardes brucaen." And the biscop cwae(5 : " Eala, ]>u leofe kyng, ]nn folc \i]> ofslagen, and ]>u. naefst J^onne fultume, )?aet ^u feohten mage, and J>as flot-men cumae'S, and ^e cwicne bindae]?, buten ]>u, mid fleame, ]?ine feore burge, o^^e ]?u ^e swa burge, }>aet ^u buge to him." Da cwse^ Eadmund kyng, swa swa he ful kene waes. " paes ic wilnige and wisce mid mode, ]>set ic ane ne bi- leafe, aefter mine leofum J?aegnum, ]>e on heorae beddum wurdon, mid bearnum and wifum, ferlice ofslagene from )?isse flot-mon- num. Nags me naefre iwunelic ]?aet ic wrohte fleames, ac ic wolde swi^or swelton, gif ic )?yrfte, for mine agene earde, and )?e al- mihtigae God wat ]7aet ic nylle bugan from his bigengum aefre, ne from his so^an lufe, swelte ic libbe ic." ^fter J^issum wordum, he wende to )7am aerendracan ^e Hinguar to him sende, and saede him unforht : " Witodlice )7U waere nu weor^ slaeges, ac ic nelle fylaen mine claene handaen on J^ine fule blode, for]7am "Se ic folgige Criste, ]>e us swa bisnode ; ac ic bli)7elice wylle beon ofslagen ]7urh eow, gif hit God foresceawae^ : fare nu swiSe rape, and sasge }>ine rge]7um laforde, ne buh)? nefre Eadmund Hin- guare, on life, hae)7ene heretogaen, buton he to Haslende Criste aerest, mid geleafan, on J^isse lond buge." Da wende )7e erend- racae heardlice awgeg, and iraette )?one waelreowan Hinguare, mid alle his ferde fuse to Eadmunde, and saede )7am arleasum hii him iandswaered waes. Hinguar bead ]7a mid bealde J^am scyp-here, and ]7aet heo ]>ees kynges anes alle cepan sceoldon, ]>e his here forseah, and hine sone bindgen. Hwaet ]>a, Eadmund kyng, mid ]7am ^e Hinguar com, stod innan his halle, J^ass Haelendes imyndig, and awearp his wepnae, wolde efenlaecen Cristes gebisnungum, ]7e forbead Petrum mid waepnum to feoh- ten wi^ }>a waelreowan ludeiscan. Hwaet fa, J^a arleasan Ead- mundum bundon, and bysmoreden hyxlice, and beoten mid sah- lum, and swa sy^^an lasddon )>onne ileaifulne kyng to ane eor^- festum treowe, and tegdon hine ^aerto, mid hearde bendum, and hine eft sw^uncgon longlice mid swipum, and he symle clypode, betweox ]?am swincglum, mid soj^an ileafan, to Haelende Criste; IN NATALE SCI EADMUNDI. 87 and J»a h^f^ene |?a, for his ileafe, wurdon }»a swy^e yrre, forJ>am ^e he clypode Crist him to fultume : heo scytaen ]?a mid gauelo- cum him togeanes, o^^et he all waes biset mid heorae scotungum, swylce yles burstae, swa swa Sebastianus waes. Da iseah Hin- guar, )?e arlease flot-mon, 'past pe ae^ele kyng nolde Criste wi^- sacen, ac, mid andraede ileafe, hine gefre clypode, haet hine J^a bihaefdian, and J>a hae)?enan swa dyden. Betweox fam ]>e he clypode to Criste pa gyt, pa tugon pa haepene )7one halgan to slasge, and, mid ane swencge, slogon him of ]?aet haefod, and sawlae si^ode isaelig to Criste. paer waes sum mon gehende ihealden, )?urh Gode behydd ]7am hae)7eniim, pe ^is iherde all, and hit aeft saede, swa swa we saecgae^ hit her. Hwaet )7a, ^e flot- here ferde );a eft to scipe, and behyddon )78et heafod pass halgan Eadmundes on J?am ^iccum bremlum, past hit biburiged ne wur^e. pa aefter fyrste, sy^^an heo ifarene waeron, com j^aet lond-folc to, pe J^aer to lafe )?a waes, )7aer heor^ lafordes lie buton heafde ]7a laeg, and wurdon swi^e sarig for his slaegie on mode, and hure padt heo naefdon j^aet heafod to J^am bodige. pa saede ^e sceawere, pe hit aer iseah, j^aet j^a flot-men haefdon J^ast heafod mid heom, and waes him ij>uht, swa swa hit waes ful so^, J^aet heo hydden J^aet heofod on fam holte. For-hwaega heo eoden )7a endemes alle to ]?am wude, saecende gehwaer, geond j^yfelas and brymelas, gif heo mihten imeten )?aet heafod. Waes eac mycel wunder ]7aet an wulf waes isend, furh Godes willunge, to biwge- rigenne |>aet heafod, wi^ pa o^re deor, ofer daeg and niht. Heo eoden ^a saecende, and cleopigende, swa swa hit iwunelic is paet ^a pe on wude ga]? oft: " Hwaer eart J?u nu gerefa?" And him andswyrde j^aet heafod : " Her, her, her." And swa ilome cly- pode andswarigende, oS^et heo alle bicomen, J>urh ]?a clypunge, him to. pa laeg pe graegae wulf pe bewiste j^aet heafod, ant mid his twam fotum haefde )7aet heafod biclypped, gredig and hungrig, and for Gode ne dyrste ]7a3S hasfdes onburigen, ac heold hit wi^ deor. Da wurdon heo ofwundroden J^ass wulfes hordrsedene, and )7aet halige heafod ham feroden mid heom, ]?ankende ]7am 88 IN NATALE SCI EADMUNDI. Almihtigan aire his wundne. Ac ]>e wulf fologede for^ mid J^am heafde, o^^et heo on tune comen, swylce he tome waere, and wende aeft sy)7];an to wude ongean. Da lond-leodan ])a sy^^an laegdan ]>aet heafod to fam halige bodige, and burigdon, swa swa heo lihtlucost mihten on swylce raedinge, and cyrce araerdon on- uppon him. Eft J7a on fyrste, aefter felse geare, )?a ^eo hergung aswac, and sib wear^ igyfen )7am iswasncte folce, J^a fengon heo togadere, and wrohten ane circe wur^lice ]7am halgan, aet his burigene, aet J^am bed-huse j^ser he iburiged w«s. Heo wolden ]>a. ferian, mid folclice wur^mente, J^one halgan lichame, and Isecgen inne ]7are circean. pa waes mycel wundor ]?aet he waes all hal, swylce he cwic waere, mid claenum lichame, and his sweoras waes ihaled, ]>e aer forslagen waes ; and waes swulce an solcene ^red embe his sweoraen, monnum to swutelunge hu he ofslagen waes. Eac sw^ylce wundae, )?e ^a waelreowum hae)7enaen, mid ilome scotunge, on his lice makedon, wasron ihealede, ]7urh ^one heofonlice God ; and he lij? swa ansund o^ )7ysne and- weardne daeg, abidende aeristes and ]7aes ecen wuldres. His lyc- hame us cy^, ]?e li^ unforsmolsnod, J>aet he buton forligre her on worulde leofode, and mid claene life to Criste si^ode. Sum wy- dewa wunede, Oswyn ihaten, on gebedum and faestenum, monige gear sy^^an. peo walde efsiaen asice gear ]7one sont, and his naegles ceorfaen syferlice mid lufe, and on scrj ne healdon to ha- ligdome on weofode. pa wur^ode ]?aet lond-folc mid ileafon fone sont to wur^mente. Da comen, on sumne seel, unsselig ]?eofaes eahta, on ane nihte, to )7am arwurSaen halgan, and wolden stelon J7a madmaes ]>e men ^ider brohton, and cunnedon mid craefte hu heo in cumen mihte. Sum sloh mid slaege swy^e J>a hsepsan ; sum heo mid fyle feoledon abutaen ; sum eac underdealf )7a dure mid spade ; sum heo mid laeddrae w^olden unlucaen ]7ast aeh-]7yrl : ac heo swuncon on ydel, and earmlice ferdon, swa ]?aet J?e halgae waer heom wunderlice bont, aelcne swa he stod strutigende mid tolae, )?aet heora nan ne mihte J^aet mor]? gefremman, ne heo ]>eo- nan styriaen ; ac' heo stoden swa o^ maregen. Men fa ^a?s IN NATALE SCI EADMUNDI. 89 wundredon, hu pa weargas hangedon ; sum uppon laeddrae, sum leat to daelfe, and aelc on his weorce waes feste ibunden. Heo wurdon )7a ibrohte to ]7am biscope alie, and he het hedm ahon on heagum gealgum alle : ac he naes na imundig hu "pe mild- heorte God clypode ]7urh his witegan pas word pe her stondae]; : Eos qui ducuntur ad mortem eruere ne cesses, " Da pe mon laet to dea|7e alys iit symle." And eac )7a halgan canones ihadedon forbeodae)?, ge biscopum ge preostum, to beonne embe "Seofaes, for]7an pe hit ne burae^ )7am ^e beo^ icorene Gode to penigenne, padt heo ]?waerlaecen scylon on aeniges monnes dea]?e, gif heo beo^ drih tines J^aegnaes. Eft )7a ^a Deodraed biscop, sy^^an he his bee sceawode, he reowsode mid geomerunge, )?aet he swa rsepne dom sette J^am unsaeligum J^eofum, and hit bisaregede aefre, o^ his lifes ende, and pa leode bead georne }>aet heo him mid-faestaen fuUice ^reo dagaes, biddende )7one almihtigaen God, );aet he him ariaen sceolde. On J7am londe waes sum mon Leofstan ihaten, rice for worulde, unwittig for Gode, pe rad to J^am halgan mid ricetere swy^e, and het him aeteowan orhlice swy^e pone halgae sont, hwae^er he isund waere; ac swa ra^e swa he iseah )7aes sontes lichame, ^a awedde he sonae, and waeh'eowlice grymetede, and earmlice endode yfelum deaj^e. Dis is )7am ilic pe halga papa Gregorius, on his isetnesse be fam halgum Laurentium, pe \v6 on Rome-burig, ^aet men wolden sceawian hii he laege ; ac God heom gestylde, swa J^aet 'Saer swulton on ^are sceawuncge aene sedfe men aetgaedere, J?a swike J7a oSre to sceawenne ^one martyr mid mennisce dwyJde. Felae wundrae we iherdon on folclice spaece bi J^am halgan Eadmundum, pe we her nyllae^ on write setten, ac heom wat gehwa. On ]?issum halgum is swutel, ant on swylcum o^rum, j^aet God almihtig maeg ]?one mon araeran aeft on domes daege ansundne of eor^an, pe pe healt Ead- mundne halne lichame, o^^ene myclan daeg, ]7eah ^e he on mol- daen come. Weorce waere ^eo stow for )7am wur^fullaen halgum, p8dt hire mon waelwur^ode, and waelegode, mid claene Godes )7eowum to Cristes Seowdome; for]7an ^e pe halgae is maerrae 90 THE STORY OF ORPHEUS. )>one men magon asmeaii. Nis Angol bidfeled Drihtnes halgeiie, IbrJ^am on Englye londe licgffij? swylce halgan, swylce )?es halgae king, and Chutbertus ]ye eadigae, and iE)?eldry)7 on Elig, and eac hire swuster, ansund on lichame, geleafen to trumuncge. Beo^ eac fela o^rae on Angel-cynne, ]>e fela wundrae wurcae^, swa swa hit wide is cy];, "Sam Almihtigan to lofe, J?e heo on ilyfden. Crist sylf swytelae]? monnum, )7urh his maeren halgan, )7aet he is aelmihtig God, ]>e makasj? swylce wundrae, )?eah J^e ^a earnian ludeiscasn hine allungae wi^socon, for]?an J^e heo beo^ awarigede swa swa heo wiscton heoni sylfum. Ne beo^ nane wundrae iwrohte aet heorae burigene, for]7am ])e heo ne gelyfas^ on |7one lyfigenden Crist; ac Crist swutelae)? monnum hwaer ]7e gode ileafas is, ]7enne he swylce wundrae wurcae^, ]?urh his halgan, wide geond ]7as eor^an, J;am beo wuldor and lof a mid his heofenlice faeder. THE STORY OF ORPHEUS. GESiELTG bi^ se mon ]>e maeg geseon )7one hluttran aswellm j^aes hehstan godes, and of him selfum aweorpan maeg )7a J>iostro his modes. We sculon get, of ealdum leasum spellum, J7e sum bi- spell reccan. Hit gelamp gio ]?aette an hearpere wses, on ]>adre J^eode ]?e Thracia hatte, sio waes on Creca rice, se hearpere wses swi'Se ungefraeglice god, )7aes nama waes Orfeus, he hsefde an swi^e aenlic wif, sio ^'aes haten Eurydice. Da ongann monn secgan be j^am hearpere, J^aet he mihte hearpian ]7ast se wudu wagode, and ]?a stanas hirgedon for )>am swege, and wilde deor )7aer woldan to-irnan and standon, swilce hi tame waeron, swa stille, ]7eah hi men o^^e hundes wi^ eodon, 'past hi hi na ne onscunedon. Da saedon hi ]7aet ^aes hearperes wif sceolde acwe- lan, and hire sawle mon sceolde laedan to helle. Da sceolde se hearpere weorj^an swa sarig, )7aet he ne mihte on gemong oSrum THE STORY OF ORPHEUS. 91 mannuni bion, ac teah to wuda, and sast on ]7am miintum, segper ge dfeges ge nihtes, weop and hearpode, )78et |7a wudas bifodon, and pa ea stodon, and nan heort ne onscunode naenne leon, ne nan hara naenne hund, ne nan neat nyste naenne andan ne naenne ege to o^rum, for ]7aere mirh)7e J>aes sones. Da ^am hearpere pa. J7uhte J^aet hine pa nanes J^inges ne lyste on )7isse worulde, ]7a ]7ohte he j?ast he wolde gesecan helle gatu, and onginnan him oleccan mid his hearpan, and biddan ]7aet hi him ageafan eft his wif. Da he ^a )?ider com, ]?a sceolde cuman )?aere helle hund ongean hine, ]73es nama wees Ceruerus, se sceolde habban )7rio heafdu, and ongan feegenian mid bis steorte, and pleigan wi^ hine for his hearpunga. Da waes )7a eac swi^e egeslic geat-weard, )73es nama sceolde beon Caron, se haefde eac )?rio heafdu, and se waes swi^e oreald. Da ongan se hearpere hine biddan, )78et he hine gemundbyrde, )7a hwile j^e he j^aer waere, and hine gesundne eft j7anon brohte. pa gehet he him ]7aet, for)7am he waes on lyst )7aes seldcu)7an sones. Da code he fur^or o'S he gemette ]7a gra- man gydena, pe folcisce menn hata^ Parcas, ];a hi secga^, J7aet on nanum men nyton nane are, ac aelcum menn wrecan be his gewyrhtum ; ]7a hi secga^ )?aet wealdan aelces monnes wyrde. pa ongann he biddan, hiora miltse; }>a ongunnon hi wepan mid him. Da code he furj^or, and him urnon ealle hellwaran ongean, and laeddon hine to hiora cyninge, and ongunnon ealle sprecan mid him, and biddan ]7aes pe he baed. And J^aet unstille hweol, pe Ixion waes to-gebunden, Laiuta cyning, for his scylde, )?aet o^stod for his hearpunga, and Tantalus se cyning, pe on J?isse worulde ungemetlice gifre waes, and him ]7aer )?aet ilce yfel fyligde )7aes gi- fernesse, he gestilde. And se uultor sceolde forlastan, ]7set he ne slat ]7a lifre Tyties )7ass cyninges, pe hine aer mid ]7y witnode, and eall hellwara witu gestildon, ]7a hwile pe he beforan ]7am cyninge hearpode. Da he 'Sa lange and lange hearpode, J7a cli- pode se hellwarana cyning, and cwse'S : Uton agifan ]7am esne his wif, for)7am he hi haef^ geearnod mid his hearpunga : be- head him )7a, J^aet he geara wiste, j^aet hine naefre underbaec ne 92 THE STORY OF ULYSSES. besawe, si)?);an he f»ononweard waere, and sa?de : gif he hine nn- derbaec besawe, j^aet he sceolde forlaetan ]7aet wif; ac ]>a lufe mon maeg swi^e iinea]7e forbeodan ; wei la wei ! hwast, Orfeus ]>a. la^dde his wif mid him, o^^e he com on J?aet gemaere leohtes and j^eostro: fa code J?aet wif aefter him. Da he for^ on ]?aet leoht com, ]7a beseah he hine underbasc, wi^ faes wifes ; ]>a, losede heo him sona. Das leasan spell laera^ gehwilcne man, ]7ara ^e wil- na^ helle )7iostra to-flionne, and to J^aes so]?es Godes liohte to ciimenne, ]>aet he hine ne besio to his ealdum yfelum, swa ]7aet he hi eft swa fuUice fullfremme, swa he hi aer dyde ; for]?am swa hwa swa, mid fullon willan, his mod went to ]7am yflum )7e he aer forlet, and hi ]7onne fulfreme^, and he him ]7onne fuUice licia^, and he hi naefre forlaetan ne ]?enc^, )7onne forlyst he call his aer- ran god, buton he hit eft gebete. THE STORY OF ULYSSES. Hit gebyrede gio on Troiana gewinne j^aet ]7aer waes an cyning J7aes nama Aulixes, se hasfde twa ]7ioda under )7am Kasere. pa ■Sioda waeron hatene I^acige, and Retie ; and j^aes Kaseres nama wags Agamemnon. Da se Aulixes mid ]7am Kasere to ]7am gefiohte for, )7a haefde he sume hundred scipa. Da wasrpn hi sume ten gear on ]?am gewinne, ]?a se cyning eft ham cerde from );am Kasere, and hi )7aet land haefdon gewunnen, ]?a naefde he na ma scipa J>onne an; )?aet wass ]?eah ]7re-re]7re. pa gestod hine heah weder and storm sae, wear^ ]7a fordrifen on an iglond uton J^^re Wendel-sae ; ]7a waes ]?aer Apollines dohtor, lobes suna, se lob wees hiora cyning, and licette J^aet he sceolde bion se hehsta god, and )?«t dysige folc him gelyfde, for]?am ^e he waes cyne cynnes, and hi nyston naenne oj^erne god on j^asne timan, buton hiora cyningas hi weor]7odon for godas. Da sceolde J^aes lobes faeder bion eac god. THE STORY OF ULYSSES. 93 ]?aes nama wa^s Saturnus, and his swa ilce ael cine hi haefdon for god. pa waes hiora an se Apollinus, )?e we aer ymbspraecon. paes Apollines dohtor sceolde bion gydene, J^aere nama waes Kirke; sio hi saedon sceolde bidn swi^e drycraeftigu, and sio wunode on )7am iglonde, )?e se cyning on fordrifen wear^, fe we aer ymbespraecon. Hio hiefde 'pev swi^e micle werode hire ]7egna, and eac o^erra msedena. Sona swa hio geseah )7one for- drifenan cyning, Se we aer ymbspraecon ]>ees nama waes AuHxes, 'pa ongan hio hine lufian, and hiora adgper oSerne swiSe unge- meth'ce, swa padtte he, for hire lufan, forlet his rice eall, and his cynren, and wunode mid hire, o^ )7one first ]7aet his ^egnas him ne mihton leng mid-gewunian ; ac for hiora eardes lufan, and for )7aere wraece, tihodon hine to forlaetanne. Da ongunnon lease men wyrcan spell, and saedon ]?aet hio sceolde, mid hire dry- craeft, pa men forbredan, and weorpan hi an wilde deora lie, and si^San slean on J7a raccentan and on cospas. Sume hi saedon J^aet hio sceolde forsceoppan to leon, and )7onne seo sceolde spre- can, )7onne rynde hio; sume sceoldan bion eforas, and ]7onne hi sceoldan hiora sar siofian, ]7onne grymetodan hi ; sume wurdon to wulfan, ]?a ^uton, )7onne hi sprascan sceoldon ; sume wurdon to fam deorcynne pe mon hat tigris. Swa weorS eall se gefer- scipe forhwerfed to mistlicum deorcynnum, aelc to sumum diore, buton J/am cyninge anum. ^Icne mete hi onscunedon pe men eta^, and wilnodon ]7ara pe deor etaS. Naefdon hi nane anlic- nesse manna ne on lichoman ne on stemne, and aslc wisste ]7eah his gewit swa swa he aer wisste. paet gewit was swiSe sorgiende for )?am erm^um pe hi drogan. Hwaet, )7a menn pe )?ysum lea- sungum gelefdon, J^eah wisston past hio mid )7am drycraefte ne mihte )?ara manna mod onwendan, peah hio J?a lichoman onwende. Eala psBt hit is micel craeft )?aes modes, for ]7one lichoman. Be swilcum and be s wilcum ]7u miht ongitan past se craeft paes lichoman bis on ]7am mode, and padtte aslcum menn ma deriaS his modes unj^eawas ; )?8es modes tioS eallne }>one lichoman to him, and ]?ass lichoman mettrumnes ne maeg )?aet mod eallunga to him getion. 94 DESCRIPTION OF THE MANDRAKE. Deos wyrt J^e man Mandragoram nemne^ ys mycel and maere on gesih]7e, and heo ys fremful. Da )7u scealt ]7yssum gemete niman : ]7onne ]7u to hyre cymst )7onne ongist ]>n hy, be j^am )?e heo on nihte seined, ealswa leoht-fset. ponne ^u hyre heafod aerest geseo, ]?onne bewrit fu hy wel hraj^e mid iserne, ^y laes heo ]>e aetfleo. Hyre maegen ys swa mycel, and swa maere, )?aet heo unclaenne man, fonne he to hyre cyme^, wel hraj>e forfleon wyle. For^y ]?u hy bewrit, swa we aer cwaedon, mid iserne, and swa ]>u scealt onbutan hy delfan, swa,^u hyre mid }>am iserne na aethrine; ac ]?u geornlice scealt mid ylpen-baenenon staefe ^a, eor^an delfan, and J>onne )?u hyre handa and hyre fet geseo, ]7onne gewri^ }7u hy. Nim )7onne }>aene o)7erne ende, and gewri^ to anes hundes swyran, swa ]?aet se hund hungrig sy : wurp him sy)7]?an mets to-foran, swa )?aet he hyne ahraecan ne masge, buton he mid him ]7a wyrte iip-abrede. Be ]7ysse wyrte ys saed ]?aet heo swa mycele mihte hasbbe ]?aet swa hwylc ]7incg swa hy up-atyh^, )7aet hyt sona scyle j?am sylfan gemete beon beswycen ; for'py sona swa ]7u geseo )?aet heo up-abroden sy, and ]>u hyre geweald hasbbe, genim hy sona on hand, swa andwealc hi, and gewring J^ast w6s of hyre leafon on ane glsesene ampullan, and J?onne "Se neod becume ]7aet ]?u hwylcon menn j^aermid helpan scyle, ]?onne help ]7U him ^yssum gemete : Wi^ heafod ece, &c. 95 A DIALOGUE BETWEEN SATURN AND SOLOMON. He:r ki^ h'u Saturnus and Saloman fettode ymbe heora wisdom. pa cwaeS Saturnus to Salomane : Sage me hwer God sete ]>a he geworhte heofonas and eor^an? Ic 'pe secge, he saett ofer fe^Serum. Sage me hwilc word aerust for^eode of Godes mu^e ? Ic 'pe secge. Fiat lux et facta lux. Saga me for hwilcum jjingum heofon sy gehaten heofon ? Ic pe secge, forJ?on he behela^ eall |?3et hym be ufan by^. Saga me hwaet is God ? Ic pe secge J^aet ys God pe ealle )?ing on hys gewealdum hafa^. Saga me on hu fela dagum God geworhte ealle gesceafte ? Ic pe secge on vi. dagum God gesceop ealle gesceafta : on ]?am aerostan daege he gesceop leoht ; on )7am aefteran daege he gesceop J7a gesceapu, ]>e j^isne heofon healda^ ; on )?am J>riddan daege he gesceop sae, and eor^an ; on )?am feor^an daege he gesceop heo- fonaes tunglon ; and on ^am v. daege he gesceop fixas and fu- gelas ; and on ^am vi. daege he gesceop deor, and nytenu, and Adam, ^one aerostan man. Saga me hwanon waes Adames nama gesceapen ? Ic ]>e secge fram iiii, steorrum. Saga me hwae hatton page? Ic pe secge Arthox, Dux, Arotholem, Minsymbrie. Saga me )7aet andworc pe Adam waes of-geworht, se aerusta man ? Ic pe secge of viii. punda gewihte. Saga me hwaet hatton }>age ? Ic pe secge j^aet aeroste waes foldan pund, of ^am him waes flesc geworht ; o^er waes fyres pund, J^anon him waes padt blod read and hat ; ]7ridde waes windes pund, fanon him waes seo ae^ung geseald ; feor^e waes wolcnes pund, )?anon him waes his modes unsta^elfaestnes geseald ; fifte waes gyfe pund, ]?anon him waes geseald se fat and ge^ang ; syxste waes blost- 96 A DIALOGUE nena pund, j^anon him wses eagena rayssenlicnys geseald; seofo^e waes deavves pund, J^anon him becom swat ; eahto^e wees sealtes pund, J^anon him waeron )7a tearas sealte. Saga me on hwilcere ylde waes Adam, ^a he ^esceapen waes ? Ic ]>e secge he waes on XXX. wintra yldo. Saga me hu lang waes Adam on laenge gesceapen ? Ic J^e secge he waes vi. and ex. ynca lang. Saga me hu fela wintra leofode Adam on J^issere worulde ? Ic fe secge he leofode ix. hund wintra, and xxx. wintra, on geswince and on yrm^e ; and sy^^an to helle ferde, and far grimme witu ]7olode V. ]7usend wintra, and twa hund wintra, and viii. and XX. wintra. Saga me hu fela wintra haefede Adam aer he beam strinde ? Ic ]7e secge an hund wintra, and xxx. wintra, aer he beam strinde ; and )7a gestrinde he beam on his cnihthade, se hatte Seth, and he J>a leofode ealles nygon hundred wintra, and xxx. on fissere worulde. Da lyfde Seth his sunu an hund wintra, and v. wintra, aer he beam gestrinde, and ]>a gestrinde he beam, on hys cnihthade, se haette Enos, and )?a lyfde he hym syl... ealles nygon hund wintra, and xii. wintra. Da haefede Enos an hund wintra, )?a gestrinde he Chanan, and ])a lyfde he Enos ealles nygon hund wintra, and v. wintra. And J^a haefede Chanan lxx. wintra, }>a gestrinde he Malaleh, and Chanan lyfde fa ealles nygon hund wintra, and x. wintra. pa haefede Malaleh v. and lx. wintra, fa gestrinde he lared ; and Malaleh he lyfde ealles nygon hund wintra, and v. wintra. Da haefede lared ii. and lx. wintra, and an hund wintra, fa gestrinde he Enoh ; and lared his faeder lyfde ealles eahta hund wintra, and II. and LX. wintra. Da haefede Enoh v. and lx. wintra, fa gestrinde he Matusalem; and Enoh lyfde ealles ccc. wantra, and V. and lx. wintra; fa genam hine God myd sawle, and myd lychaman, up in fone heofon. Da haefede Mathusalem VII. and Lxxx. wintra, and an hund wintra, fa gestrinde he Lamec ; and Matusalem his faeder lyfde ealles nygon hund win- tra, and IX. and lx. wintra. Da haefede Lamec an hund win- tra, and Lxxxii. wintra, fa gestrinde he Noe ; and Lamec lyfde BETWEEN SATURN AND SOLOMON. 97 ealles vii. hund wintra and lxxvii. wintra. Da haefede Noe D. wintra, )?a gestrinde he beam, Sem, Cham, lafet ; and Noe lyfde ealles in J>issere worulde dcccc. wintra, and l. wintra. Saga me hu fasla ]7eoda awocon of his iii. bearnum? Ic )7e secge, Lxxii. feoda sindon ; and of Seme his yldestan suna awocon xxx., and of Cham xxx., and of lafe^e xii. Saga me hwaet waes se^e acenned naes, and eeft bebyrged wses on his moder inno^e, and aefter )7am dea^e gefullod wass ? Ic ]?e secge, J7aet was Adam. Saga me hu lange lyfde Adam on neorxena wange ? Ic "pe saecge and on )?am he abyrgde fa forbodenan fic-trewes blaeda, and ]?8et on frigdaeg, and )7urh ]78et he was on helle v. ]?usend wintra, and ii. c. win- tra, and VIII. and xx. wintra. Saga me of Sea Maria ylde. Ic )?e secge, heo waes iii. and syxtig geara eald, ]>a. heo be lyfon waes, and heo was xiiii. wintra, )7a heo Crist cende, and heo waes myd him xxxiii. geara on myddan-earde, and heo waes XVI. ger aefter him on worulde. And fram Adame, and of frim^e myddan-eardes, was on getal gerimes, o^ fone micelan Noes flod, II. )7usend wintra, and ii. c. wintra, and ii. and lx. wintra; and fram )7am flode waes of Abrahames gebyr-tide IX. c. wintra, and ii. and xl. wintra; and fram Abrahame waes ]>a for^ o^ Moises tid, and Israela ofer-far ut of Egyptam, v. c. wintra, and viii. wintra; and fram frim^e myddan-eardes 6^ Cristes )7rowunge waeron vi. ]7usend wintra, and hund wintra, and viii. and l. wintra. Saga me hu lange worhte men Noes earce ? Ic J?e secge, lxxx. wintra, of ]?am treow-cinne ]>e is genemned Sem. Saga me hwaet hatte Noes wy^f ? Ic ]7e secge, heo haette Dalila. And hwaet hatte Chames wyf ? laitarecta heo hatte. And hwaet hatte lafe^es wyf? Ic ]>e secge, Cata- fluuia heo hatte, and o^rum naman hyg sindon genemnede, Olla, and Oliina, and Ollibana, swa hyg j^reo hatton. Saga me hu lange waes Noes fliid ofer eor^an? Ic ]7e secge, xl. daga and nihta. Saga me hu lang was Noes earc on lenge ? Ic |?e secge, heo wass ccc. fae^ema lang, and l. fae^ema wid, and xxx. H 98 A DIALOGUE facSema heah. Saga me hwa?t sunu hasfede Adam ? Ic fe secge, XXX. simena, and xxx. dohtra. Saga me hwilc mann atim- brode a?rust ceastre ? Ic ]?e secge, Knos hatte, and waes Niniuem seo burh,' and waeron 'patr'm gemanna hund tweltig J>usenda, and XX. f>usenda; and Hierusalem seo burh heo wass aerost aefter )7am Noes flode getymbrod. And hwaet h^tte seo burh ]>eer sunne up on morgen gae^ ? Ic J?e secge, laiaca hatte seo buruh. Saga me hwar gae^S seo sunne on aefen to sastle ? Ic J^e secge, Garita hatte seo burh. Saga me hwilc wyrt ys betst and selust? Ic ]7e secge, lilige hatte seo wyrt, for)7on J>e heo getacna^ Crist. Saga me hwilc fugel ys selust ? Ic fe secge, culfre ys selust, heo getacna^ 'Sone halegan gast. Saga me hwanon cym^ ligetu ? Ic secge, heo kira^ fram winde and fram watere. Saga me hwilc water is selust? Ic ]7e secge, lordanem seo ea ys selust, for}>on ]}e Crist waes on hyre gefullod. Saga me hwider gewiton ]7a engelas ]>e Gode wi^socon on heofona rice ? Ic ]7e secge, hyg todaeldon on )7ri daelas; anne dasl he asette on )?aes lyftes gedrif, oj^erne deel on )?aes wateres gedrif, ]7riddan dael on helle neowelnysse. Saga me hu fela is woruld-watra ? Ic ]>e secge, twa syndon sealte sae, and twa fersce. Saga me hwilc man erost waere wy^ hund sprecende ? Ic ]>e secge, Scs Petrus. Saga me hwilc man aj7ohte aerust myd sul to aeriende ? Ic J7e secge, ]?ast waes Cham Noes sunu. Saga me forhwam stanas ne synt berende ? Ic ])e secge, for]7on )7e Abeles blod gefeoll ofer stan, ]7a hyne Chain hys bro]7er of sloh myd annes esoles cyng-bane. Saga me hw^t ys betst and wyrst betwinan mannon ? Ic )7e secge, word ys betst and wyrst betwix mannon. Saga me hwaet ys cu]70st mannon on eor^an to witanne? Ic }>e secge, ];aet nys naenygum men nanwyht swa cu^ swa he sceal dea^ ]?rowian. Saga me hwaet syndon ]7a iii. J7ing fe nan man buton lufian ne mseg ? Ic )7e secge, on ys fyr, o^er ys waeter, J^ridde ys ysen. Saga me hwilc treow ys ealra treowa betst ? Ic 'pe secge, ]>eet ys win-treow. Saga me hwar rested ]>SBS mannes sawul )?onne se lychama slep^ ? Ic ]>e secge, on )?rim stowum heo by^ : on J^am bragene, oj^J^e on j^ere heortan. BETWEEN SATURN AND SOLOMON. 99 oj7j7e on ]7am blode. Saga me for hwan waes seo sae sealt gewor- den. Ic )7e secge, of ]7ain x. wordum ]>e Moises gesomnode in J7aere ealdan ae, Godes bebode, and he awearp ]?a x. word in ]7a sae, and his tearas aget in ]?a sae ; forj^on wear^ seo sealt. Saga me hwaet waeron )7a word ? Ic ]?e secge, J^aet forme word waes : Non habeas Deos aHenos; J^set is; ne lufa )7u o]7erne God ofer me. paet o]7er word waes : Non adsumes nomen Dni in vanum ; ne cig ]?u Gnodes naman on ydel. paet )?rid healda^S ]?one haligan resten dseg. paet waes; ara )?inon fae- der, and ]?inre meder, word waes: Non occides; ne sleh ]7u man ....dine, paet vi. word waes: Non mecha- beris; on unriht ne haem^ J>u. paet vii. word waes : Ne stala J7U. paet VIII. word waes : Ne saege lease gewitnysse. paet ix. word waes : Ne concupiscas uxorem proximi tui ; ne gewilna ]>u o^res mannes wyfes on unriht. Saga me hwaer is Moyses byr- gen )7aes kininges ? Ic ])e secge, heo ys be J7am huse J'e Fegor hatte, and nan man nys )?e hyg wite aer fam miclan dome. Saga me for hwilcum {^ingum ]?eos eor^e awyrged waere, o^^e aeft gebletsod? Ic ]7e secge, ]7urh Adam heo waes awirged, and J?urh Abeles blod, and aeft heo waes gebletsod }7urh Noe, and and ]7urh fulluhte. Saga me hw wingeard aerost plantode? Ic ]7e secge, )7aet se heah faeder. Saga me hwa nemde aerost Godes naman ? Ic )?e secge, se Deoful nemde aerost Godes naman. Saga me hwaet is hefogost to be- renne on eor^an ? Ic ]>e secge, mannes synna, and his hlafordes yrre. Saga me hwaet ys ]?j£t o^rum licyge, and o^rum mys- lycige ? Ic ]?e secge, )79et is dom. Saga me hwaet syndon ]>a iiii. ];ing fe naefre fulle naeron, ne naefre ne beo^. Ic "pe secge, an ys eor^e, o^er ys fir, ]7ridde ys hell, feorj^e ys se gytsyenda man worulde welena. Saga me hu fela ys fleogendra fugel-cynn ? Ic )?e secge iiii. l. Saga me hu fela ys fisc-cynna on waetere? Ic J>e secge, vi. and xx. Saga me hwilc man aerost mynster getimbrode ? Ic ]>e secge, Elias and Eliseus Ipa witegan, and, aefter fulluhte, Paulus and Antonius, )7a serostan ancran. Saga me h2 100 A DIALOGUE, &c. hwaet syndon j^a streamas, and ]>a an, ]}e on neorxena wange flotaS? Ic }»e secge, hiora syndon iiii., seo aeroste hatte Fison, seo oj^er hatte Geon, and seo in. hatte Tygres, seo feor)7e Eufraten, )78et is meolc, and hunig, and aele, and win. Saga me forhwan by^ seo sunne read on aefen ? Ic ]>e secge, forj^on heo loca^ on helle. Saga me hwi scyne^ heo swa reade on morgene ? Ic )?e secge, forj^on hyre twyna^ hwae)7er heo maeg }>e ne maeg yisne myddan-eard eondscynan, swa hyre beboden ys. Saga me )?as nil. wagtera ]fe J?as eor^an feda^ ? Ic ]?e secge, J^aet ys snaw, and waeter, and hagol, and deaw. Saga me hwa aerost boc-stafas sette ? Ic J^e secge, Mercurius se gygand. Saga me hwaet bdc-kinna and hu fela syndon ? Ic J^e secge, Kanones bee syndon ealra twa and hund seofontig, call swa fela 'peo syndon on gerime, and call swa fela leornyng-cnihta, butan J7am XII. aptm. Mannes bana syndon on gerime eallra cc. and xviii., mannes addre eallra ccc, and v. and lx. ; mannes toj^a beo^S on eallum his lyfe ii. and xxx. On xii. mon^um beo'5 ii. wucena and ccc. dagena and v. and lx daga, on xii. mon^um beo^ ehta )7usend tyda and vii hund tyda. On XII. mon^um J>u scealt syllan J^inon J^eowan men vii. hund hlafa, and xx. hlafa, buton morge-mettum and non-mettum. 101 COLLOQUIUM, Ad Puer-os Linguce Latince Locutione exercendos, ah JElfrico primum compilatum, et deinde, ab j^LFRICO Batj, ejus Disciptdo, auctum ; LATINE ET-SAXONICE. We cildra biddaj? ]?e, eala Lareow, )7aet ]}u taece us sprecan D. Nos pueri rogamus te, Magister, ut doceas nos loqui * [rihte], for)7am ungelaerede we syndon, and gewaem- Latialiter recte, quia idiotse sumus, et cor- modlice we spreca]?. rupte loquimur. Hwaet wille ge sprecan ? M. Quid vultis loqui? Hwaet rece we hwaet we sprecan, buton hit riht spraec sy, D. Quid curamus quid loquamur, nisi * recta locutio sit, and behefe, naes idel, o]>pe fracod ? et utilis, non anilis, aut turpis ? Wille [ge bedn] beswungen on leorniinge ? M. Vultis flagellari in discendo ? Leofre ys us beon beswungen for lare, J^aenne hit ne D. Carius est nobis flagellari pro doctrina, quam ne- cunnan ; ac we witun J^e bilewitne wesan, and nellan onbelaeden scire ; sed scimus te mansuetum esse, et nolle inferre swincgla us, buton j?u bi to-genydd fram us. plagas nobis, nisi cogaris a nobis. Ic axie ]>e hwaet * sprycst ]>a ? Hwaet haefst J?u weorkes ? M. Interrogo te quid mihi loqueris ? Quid habes operis ? Ic eom geanwyrde monuc, and ic sincge aelce daeg seofon D. Professus sum monachum, et psallo omni die septem tida mid gebroj^rum, and ic eom bysgod [on raedinge] and synaxes cum fratribus, . et occupatus sum lectionibus et on sange ; ac, j^eah hwaej^ere, ic wolde betwenan leornian spre- cantu : sed tamen vellem interim discere sermo- can on Leden gereorde. cinari Latina lingua. 102 iELFRICI COLLOQUIUM. Hwast cunnon )?as ]?ine geferan ? M. Quid sciunt isti tui socii ? Slime synt yrj7lincgas, sume scep-hyrdas, sume oxan-hyrdas, D. Alii sunt aratores, alii opiliones, quidam bubulci, sume eac swylce huntan, sume fisceras, sume fugeleras, sume quidam etiam venatores, alii piscatores, alii aucupes, qnidam cypmenn, sume sceo-wyrhtan, [sume] sealteras, [sume] baec- mercatores, quidam sutores, quidam salinatores, quidam pis- eras, * tores loci. Hwaet ssegest J7U, Yr]?lingc, hu begaest \\x weorc J?in ? M. Quid dicis tu, Arator, quomodo exerces opus tuum? Eala, leof hlaford, )7earle ic deorfe ; ic ga ut on daegrasd, A. O, mi domine, nimium laboro ; exeo diluculo, • J>ywende oxon to felda, and jugie hi to syl : nys hyt swa minando boves ad campum, et jungo eos ad aratrum : non est tarn stearc winter J7ast ic durre lutian aet ham, for ege hlafordes aspera hyems ut audeam latere domi, pree timore domini mines, ac geiukodan oxan, and gefasstnodon sceare and cultre mei, sed junctis bobus, et confirmato vomere et cultro mid }>aere syl, aelce dgeg ic sceal erian fulne ae]7er*, oj7]?e mare. aratro, omni die debeo arare integrum agrum, aut plus. Haefst ]7U aenigne geferan ? M. Habes aliquem socium ? Ic haebbe sumne cnapan j^ywende oxan mid gad-isene, J7e A. Habeo quendam puerum minantem boves cum stimulo, qui eac swylce nu has ys, for cylde and hreame. etiam modo raucus est, prse frigore et clamatione. Hwaet mare dest J>u on daeg ? M. Quid amplius facis in die ? Gewyslice J^aenne mare ic do. Ic sceal fyllan binnan oxan A. Certe adhuc plus facio. Debeo implere prsesepia boum mid hig, and waeterian hig, and scearn heora beran ut. foeno, et adaquare eos, et fimum eorum portare foras. Hig, hig, micel gedeorf ys hit ! M. O, O, magnus labor est ! * Probably an error, or a provincial variation for leceji. .ELFRICI COLLOQUIUM. 103 Ge ledf, micel gedeorf hit ys, for 'pam ic neom freoh. A. Etiam, magnus labor est, quia non sum liber. [Hwaet saegst ]>u,'} Sceap-herde? Haefst ]>u aenig gedeorf? M. Quid dicis tu, Opilio ? ' Habes tu aliquem laborem ? Gea, leof, ic hsebbe ; on forewerdne morgen ic drife sceap 0. Etiam, habeo ; in primo mane mino oves mine to heora laese, and stande ofer hig, on haete and on cyle, meas ad * pascua, et sto super eas, in sestu et frigore, mid hundum, ]7e laes wulfas forswelgen hig, and ic agen Isede hig cum canibus, ne lupi devorent eas, et reduco eas to heora loca, and meike hig tweowa on dseg, and loca heora ad caulas, et mulgeo eas bis in die, et caulas earum ic haebbe J^serto, and cyse and buteran ic do, and ic eom getrywe moveo insuper, et caseum et butyrum facio, et sum fidelis hlaforde minon. domino meo. Eala, Oxan-hyrde, hwaet wyrcst J^u ? M. O, Bubulce, quid operaris tu ? Eala, hlaford min, micel ic gedeorfe : J^aenne se yrj^lingc un- B. O, domine mi, multum laboro : quando arator dis- scenj?* )7a oxan, ic laede hig to laese, and ealle niht ic stande ofer jungit boves, ego duco eos ad pascua, et tota nocte sto super hig waciende for J^eofan, and eft, on aerne mergen, ic betaece eos vigilando propter fures, et iterum, primo mane, adsigno hig ]7am yr]?lincge, wel gefylde and gewaeterode. eos aratori, bene pastos et adaquatos. Ys J7es of )?inum geferum ? M. Est iste ex tuis sociis ? Gea he ys. D. Etiam est. Canst J?u aenig j^ing ? M. Scis tu aliquid? ^nne craeft ic cann. V. Unara artem scio. Hwylcne ^ ? M. Qualis est ? " unscen>. This word I do not understand. •• hwylcne ys, MS. 104 ^LFRICI COLLOQUIUM. Hunta ic eom. y. Venator sum. Hwaes ? M. Cujus? Cincges. F. Regis. Hu begaest )7U craeft J^inne ? M. Quomodo exerces artem tuam? Ic brede me max, and sette hig on stowe gehaeppre, F. Plecto mihi retia, et pono ea in loco apto, and getihte hundas mine, ]?aet wildeor hig ehton, dp J^aet J^e et instigo canes meos, ut feras persequantur, usquequo hig cuman to ]7am nettan unforsceawodlice, )7aet hig swa perveniant ad retia improvise, et sic beon begrynode, and ic ofsleah hig on )7am maxiim. inretientur, et ego jugulo eos in retibus. Ne canst fu huntian buton mid nettum ? M. Nescis venari nisi cum retibus ? Gea, butan nettum huntian ic maeg. V. Etiam, sine retibus venari possum. Hu? M. Quomodo ? Mid swiftum hundum ic betaece wildeor. F. Cum velocibus canibus insequor feras. Hwylce wildeor swy]?ost gefehst ]>u ? M. Quales feras maxime capis ? Ic gefeo heortas, and baras, and rann, and raegan, and F. Capio cervos, et apros, et damas, et capreas, et hwilon haran. aliquando lepores. Waere ]?u to daeg on huntnolde ? M. Fuisti hodie in venatione ? Ic naes, forj^am sunnan-daeg ys, ac gyrstan-dseg ic waes on F. Non fui, quia dominicus dies est, sed heri fui in huntunge. venatione. Hwaet gelaehtest pn ? M. Quid cepisti? ^LFRICI COLLOQUIUM. 105 Twegen heortas and aenne bar. V. Duos cervos et unum aprum. Hu gefencge )7u hig ? M, Quomodo cepisti eos ? Heortas ic gefenge on nettum, and bar ic ofsloh. V. Cervos cepi in retibus, et aprum jugulavi. Hu wasre \\x dyrstig ofstikian bar ? M. Quomodo fuisti ausus jugulare aprum? Hundas bedrifon hyne to me, and ic \2eY^ togeanes V. Canes perduxenint eum ad me, et ego * e contra standende, faerlice ofstikode hyne. stans, subito jugulavi eum. Swife fryste \\x waere ]7a. M. Vaide audax fuisti tunc. Ne sceal hunta forhtfull wesan, for)7am mislice wildeor V. Non debet venator formidolosus esse, quia variae bestise wunia)? on wudum. morantur in sylvis, Hwaet dest \\x be ]7inre hiintunge ? M. Quid facis de tua venatione? Ic sylle cync swa hwaet swa ic gefo, for)7am ic eom hunta V. Ego do regi quicquid capio, quia sum venator hys. ejus. Hwaet syl)? he \e. ? M. Quid dat ipse tibi ? He scryt me wel and fett, and hwilon he syl]? me hors V. Vestit me bene et pascit, et aliquando dat mihi equum, o\yQ beah, ]?aet ]7e lustlicor craeft minne ic begancge. aut armillam, ut libentius artem meam exerceam. Hwylcne craeft canst \w ? M. Qualem artem scis tu ? Ic eom Fiscere. P, Ego sum Piscator. Hwaet begytst \\x of )?inum craefte ? M. Quid adquiris de tua arte ? Bigleofan, and scrud, and feoh. P. Victum, et vestitum, et pecuniam. 106 iELFRICI COLLOQUIUM. Hu gefehst )?u fixas ? M. Quoniodo capis pisces ? Ic astigie min scyp, and wyrpe max mine on ea, and P. Conscendo navem, et pono retia mea in amne, et angil (aes) ic wyrpe and spyrtan, and swa hwaet swa hamum projicio et sportas, et quicquid liig gehaeftaj? ic genime. ceperint sumo. Hwaet gif hit unclaene beo]? fixas ? M, Quid si immundi fuerint pisces ? Ic wyrpe \a. iinclaenan ut, and genime me claene to mete. P. Ego projiciam immundos foras, et sumo mihi mundos in escam. Hwaer cypst \\x fixas )?ine ? M. Ubi vendis pisces tuos ? - On ceastre. P, In civitate. Hwa big)? hi? M. Quis emit illos ? Ceasterwara. Ic ne mseg swa fela [gefon] swa fela swa P. Gives. Non possum tot capere quot ic maeg gesyllan. possum vendere. Hwilce fixas gefehst \\x ? M. Quales pisces capis ? ^las, and hacodas, mynas, and aeleputan, sceotan, and P. Anguillas, et lucios, menas, et capitones, tructos, et lampredan, and swa hwylce swa on waetere swymma)? sproteS mursenas, et qualescunque in amne natant salu. For hwi ne fixast )7u on sae ? M. Cur non piscaris in mari ? Hwilon ic do, ac seldon, fbr]7am micel rewyt me ys to P. Aliquando facio, sed raro, quia magnum navigium mihi est ad sae. mare. Hwaet fehst J'u on sae ? M. Quid capis in mari ? * sprote. — What is intended to be meant by this word, as well as hy salu,\ am at a loss to conjecture. In the St. John's MS, the sentence ends with natant. iELFRICI COLLOQUIUM. 107 Haerincgas, and leaxas, mere-swyn, and stirian, [ostran,] P. Aleces, et isicios, delphinos, et sturias, ostreas, and crabban, muslan, pinewinclan, sae-coccas, fagc, and floe, et cancros, musculos, torniculos, neptigallos, platesias, et platissas, and lopystran, and fela swylces. et polypodes, et [multa] similia. Wilt |7U fdn sumne hwael? M. Vis capere aliquem cetum ? Nic. ' P. Nolo. For hwi ? M. Quare ? ror]7am^ plyhtlic )?ingc hit ys gefon hwael. Gebeorhlicre P, Quia periculosa res est capere cetum. Tutius [ys] me faran to ea, mid scype mynan, J^aenne faran mid est mihi ire ad amnem, cum nave mea, quam ire cum manegum scypum, on huntunge hranes. multis navibus, in venationem balenae. For hwi swa ? M. Cur sic ? ror)7am leofre ys me gefon fisc ]?3ene ic maeg ofslean, P. Quia carius est mihi capere piscem quem possim occidere, [j7onne] j^e na ]7aet an me, ac eac swylce mine geferan, mid anum [quam] qui non solum me, sed etiam meos socios, uno siege, he maeg besencean oJ^J^e gecwylman. ictu, potest mergere aut mortificare. And )7eah, maenige gefo]? hwaelas, and aetbersta]? frecnysse, M. Et tamen, multi capiunt cetos, et evadunt pericula, and micelne sceat fanon begyta)?. et magnum pretium inde acquirunt. So)? )7u segst, ac ic ne gefristige, for modes mines nyte- P. Verum dicis, sed ego non audeo, propter mentis mese igna- nysse. viam. Hwaet saegst )?u, Fugelere ? Hu beswicst |?u fugelas ? M. Quid dicis tu, Auceps ? Quomodo decipis aves ? "* Forhwan in MS. 108 iELFRICI COLLOQUIUM. On feala wisan ic beswice fugelas; hwilon mid netton, A. Multis modis decipio aves ; aliquando retibus, [hwilon] mid grinum, [hwilon] mid lime, [hwilon] mid aliquando laqueis, aliquando glutino, aliquando hwistlunge, [hwilon] mid hafoce, [hwilon] mid treppan. sibilo, aliquando accipitre, aliquando decipula. Haefst ]7u hafoc ? M. Habes accipitrem? Ic hagbbe. A. Habeo. Canst J>u temian hig ? M. Scis tu domitare eos ? Gea, ic cann. Hwaet sceoldon hig me, buton ic cu)7e temian A. Etiam, scio. Quid deberent mihi, nisi scirem domitare hig? eos ? Syle me aenne hafoc. V. Da mihi accipitrem. Ic sylle lustlice, gyf )7u sylst me aenne swyftne hund. A. Dabo libenter, si tu dederis mihi unum velocem canem. Hwilcne hafoc wilt ]?u habban ; fone maran, hwaefer fe Qualem accipitrem vis habere ; majorem, aut faene laessan? minorem ? Syle me ]7aene maran. V. Da mihi majorem. Hu afetst* ]?u hafocas }>ine ? M. Quomodo pascis accipitres tuos ? Hi feda]? hig sylfe and me on wintra, and on lencgten ic laete A. Ipsi pascunt se ipsos et me in hieme, et in vere dimitto Lig aetwindan to wuda, and genyme me briddas on haerfaeste, and eos avolare ad sylvam, et capio mihi puUos in autumno, et temige hig. domito eos. And for hwi forlaetst ]7u )?a getemedon aetwindan fram )7e? M, Et cur permittis tu domitos avolare a te ? " afest. MS. ^LFRICI COLLOQUIUM. 109 ForJ^am ic nelle fedan hig on sumera, forj^ara ]>e hig ]7earle j4. Quia nolo pascere eos in sestate, eo quod * nimium eta]?, comedunt. And manige feda]? 'pa, getemedon ofer sumor, J7aet eft M. Et multi pascunt domitos super sestatem, ut iterum hig habban gearuwe. habeant paratos. Gea/ swa hig do)?, ac ic nelle dp past an deorfan ofer hig, ^. Etiam sic faciunt, sed ego nolo in tantum laborare super eos, for]?am ic can o]7re, na paet anne, ac eac swilce manige, gefon. quia scio alios, non solum unum, sed etiam plures, capere. Hwaet saegst }>u, Mancgere ? M. Quid dicis tu, Mercator ? Ic secge pset behefe ic eom ge cingc, and ealdormannum, Mer. Ego dico quod utilis sum et regi, et ducibus, and weligum, and eallum folce. et divitibus, et omni populo. And hu? M. Et quomodo ? Ic astige min scyp, mid hlaestum minum, and rowe ofer Mer. Ego ascendo navem, cum mercibus meis, et navigo ultra saelice daelas, and cype mine J'ingc, and bicge p'mcg dyrwyr]7e, marinas partes, et vendo meas res, et emo res pretiosas, pa on J^isum lande ne beoj? acennede, and ic hit to-gelaede eow quae in hac terra non nascuntur, et adduco vobis hider, mid micclan plihte, ofer sae, and hwilon forlidenesse hue, cum magno periculo, super mare, et aliquando naufragium ic folic, mid lyre ealra j^inga minra, unea]7e cwic aetberstende. patior, cum jactura omnium reriim mearum, vix vivus evadens. Hwylce J^inc gelaedst )?u us? M. Quales res adducis nobis ? Paellas, and sidan, deorwyr)7e gymmas, and gold, selcu)?e Mer. Purpuram, et sericum, pretiosas gemmas, et aurum, varias reaf, and wyrtgemangc, win and ele, ylpes ban, and maestlingc, vestes, et pigmenta, vinum, et oleum, ebur, et aurichalcum, aer, and tin, swefel, and glass, and )?ylces fela. aes, et stannura, sulphur, et vitrum, et his eimilia. 110 ^LFRICI COLLOQUIUM. Wilt ]m syllan )?ingc ]7ine her, ealswa )7u hi gebohtest )7aer ? M. Vis vendere res tuas hie, sicut emisti illic ? Ic nelle. Hwaet j^aenne me fremode gedeorf min ? Ac Mer. Nolo. Quid ^ tunc raihi proficit labor meus ? Sed ic wylle heora cypan her luflicor ]7onne [ic] gebicge j^aer, ]>aet volo * vendere hie earius quam emi illie, ut sum gestreon me ic begyte, }>anon ic me afede, and mm wif, aliquod lucrum mihi adquiram, unde me paseam, et uxorem, and minne sunu. et filium. pu, Sceowyrhta, hwaet wyrcst ]7U us nytwyr]7nesse ? M. Tu, Sutor, quid operaris tu nobis utilitatis ? Ys witodlice crasft min behefe )7earle eow, and neod)7earf. S. Est quidem ars mea utilis valde vobis, et necessaria. Hu? M. Quomodo ? Ic bicge hyda, and fell, and gearkie hig mid cragfte minon, S. Ego emo cutes, et pelles, et praeparo eas arte mea, and wyrce of him gescy mistlices cynnes ; swyftleras, and sceos, et facio ex iis calceamenta diversi generis ; subtalares, et ficones, le]?er-hosa, and butericas, bridel-twancgas and geraeda, and caligas, et utres, frenos, et phaleras, et flaxan (pinnan) and higdifatu, spur-lej>era, and haelftra, pusan, flaseones, et calidilia, calcaria, et ehamos, peras, and fastelsas, and nan eower nele oferwintran butan minon craefte. et marsupia, et nemo vestrum vult hiemare sine mea arte. [Eala], Sealtere, hw^t us frema)? crgeft fin? M. O, Salinator, quid nobis proficit ars tua ? pearle frema)? craeft min eow eallum : nan eower blisse S. Multum prodest ars mea vobis omnibus : nemo vestrum gaudio bryc]? on gereorduncge, offe mete, buton craeft min gistlij^e him fruitur in prandio, aut ccena, nisi ars mea hospita ei beo. fuerit. Hu? M. Quomodo ? Hwylc manna werodum )7urhbrycj7 mettum, buton swaecce S. Quis hominum duleibus perfruitur cibis, sine sapore ^LFRICI COLLOQUIUM. Ill sealtes ? Hwa gefyl)? cleafan his, o]?]7e hedderne, buton craefte sails ? Quis replet cellaria sua, sive promtuaria, sine arte minon ? Efne, buter-ge)?weor aelc and cys-gerunn losa]? eow, mea ? Ecce, butyrum omne et caseus pereunt vobls, buton ic hyrde aetwese eow, )7e ne furJ?on an wyrtum eowrum, . nisi ego custos adsim vobls, qui nee saltern oleribus vestiis, butan me, bruca)?. sine me utiminl. [Hwaet ssegst fju,] Baecere? Hwam fremaj? [craeft )7in,] ofj^e M. Quid dicls tu, Plstor? Cui prodest ars tua, aut hwae)7er, butan J7e, we magon lif adreogan ? si sine te, possimus vltam ducere ? Ge magon [witodlice,] ]7urh sum faec, butan [minon craefte, P. Potestls quidem, per aliquod spatlum, sine mea arte, lif adreogan, ac] na lancge, ne to wel ; s6]7lice, butan craefte vitam ducere, sed non diu, nee adeo bene ; nam, sine arte minon, aelc beod aemtig byj? gesewen, and, butan hlafe, aelc mete mea, omnls mensa vacua vldetur esse, et, sine pane, omnis clbus to wlaettan by)? gehwyrfed. Ic heortan mannes gestrangie ; ic in nauseam convertltur. Ego cor hominls confirmo ; ego maegen wera [eom], and furjjon litlincgas nella]? forbigean me. robur virorum sum, et nee parvuli nolunt prseterlre me. [Hwaet secga)? we be Coce ;] hwae)7er we bej^urfon on aenigon M. Quid diclmus de Coquo ; si indigemus in aliquo craefte [his?] arte ejus ? Gif ge me ut-adrifa)? fram eowrum geferscype, Dicit Cocus : Si me expellitis a vestro colleglo, ge eta]? wyrta eowre grene, and flaesc-mettas eowre hreawe, and manducabltis olera vestra vlrldla, et carnes vestras crudas, et [ne] furpon faett broj? ge magon, [butan craefte minon, habban], nee saltem plngue jus potestls, sine arte mea, habere. We ne recca)? [be craefte ]?inon], ne he us neod]?earf ys, M. Non curamus de arte tua, nee nobis necessarla est, for|?am we sylfe magon seo)?an ]?a )?ingc ]?e to seo)?enne synd, quia nos Ipsi possumus coquere quae coquenda sunt, and braedan |?a )?ingc )7e to braedenne synd. et assare quae assanda sunt. 112 ^LFRICI COLLOQUIUM. Gif ge for)7y me fram adryfa)?, )7aet ge )7us don, Dicit Cocus: Si ideo me expellitis, ut sic faciatis, )?onne beo ge ealle )7raelas, and nan eower ne bi]? hlaford, and, tunc eritis omnes coci, et nullus vestrum erit dorainus, et )7eah hwae]7ere, buton [craefte minonj ge ne eta]?. tamen, sine arte mea, non manducatis. Eala, [J7u] muniic, ]7e me to spycst, efne ic haebbe afandod M. O, monache, qui mihi locutus es, ecce probavi "pe habban gode geferan, and]?earle neod)?earfe: and ic ahsie J7a? te habere bonos socios, et valde necessaries : qui sunt illi ? Ic hasbbe smij7as, isene-smi];as, gold-smij?, seolfor-smi)?, D. Habeo fabros, ferrarios, aurificem, argentarium, ar-smi)7, treow-wyrhtan, and manegra o)>re mistlicra craefta serarium, lignarium, et multos alios variarum artium biggenceras. operatores. Haefst [)7u] aenigne wisne ge]7eahtan ? M. Habes aliquem sapientem consiliarium ? Gewislice ic haebbe. [Hu maeg] lire gegaderungc buton D. Certe habeo. Quomodo potest nostra congregatio sine gej^eahtynde beon wissod ? consihario regi ? [Hwset saegst )7u,] Wisa? Hwilc craeft ]>e ge]>uht betwux M. Quid dicis tu. Sapiens ? Quae ars tibi videtur inter )?as furj^ra wesan ? istas prior esse ? [Ic secge )7e,] me ys ge)7uht Godes -]7eowdom, betweoh C. Dico tibi, mihi videtur Dei servitium inter )7as craeftas, ealdorscype healdan, swa swa hit [ys] gersed on istas artes primatum tenere, sicut legitur in godspelle; Fyrmest seceaj? rice Godes, and rihtwisnesse hys, evangelio ; Primum quaerite regnum Dei, et justitiam ejus, and )7as J^ingc ealle beo]? to-gehyhte eow. et hsec omnia adjicientur vobis. And hwilc ]7e ge]?uht, betwux worold-craeftas, heoldan eal- M. Et quales tibi videtur, inter seculares artes retinere pri- dordom ? matum ? iELFRlCI COLLOQUIUM. 113 Eoi"S-til)7, for]7am se yr]>ling us ealle fett. C. Agricultura, quia arator nos omnes pascit. Se Smi]? secg)?: — Hwanon [)7am yr]?lmge] sylan scear oJ>)7e Ferrarius dicit : Unde aratori vomer aut culter, ]7e na gade haef)?, buton of craefte minon ? Hwanon culter, qui nee stimulum habet, nisi ex arte mea ? Unde fiscere ancgel, o)7)?e sceo-wyrhton ael, o]>]>e seamere naedl? piscatori hamus, aut sutori subula, aut sartori acus ? Nis hit of minon geweorce ? Nonne ex meo opere ? Se Ge]?eahtend andswera)?: — So]? witodlice saegst [)?u]; ac Consiliarius respondit : Verum quidem dicis ; sed eallum us leofre ys wikian mid fam yr]?linge J^onne mid ]>e ; omnibus nobis carius est hospitari apud aratorem quam apud te ; for)7am se yrj^ling sylj? us hlaf and drenc : Jjii, hvvaet sylst []>u] quia arator dat nobis panem et potum : tu, quid das US, on smi)?]7an j^inre, buton isenne fyr-spearcan, and swegincga nobis, in officina tua, nisi ferreas scintillas, et sonitus beatendra slecgea, and blawendra byliga ? tundentium malleorum, et flantium follium ? SeTreo-wyrhta seg]>: — Hwilc eower ne notaj? craefte minon, Lignarius dicit : Quis vestrum non utitur arte mea, fonne hus, and mistlice fata, and scypa, eow eallum ic wyrce ? cum domos, et diversa vasa, et naves, vobis omnibus fabrico ? Se Smi)? andwyrt: — Eala Tryw-wyrhta, for hwi swa Ferrarius respondit : O Lignarie, cur sic sprycst J7u, )?onne ne fur)7on an )7yrl [buton craefte minon] loqueris, cum nee saltem unura foramen, sine arte mea, ]}u ne miht don ? vales facere ? Se Ge)?eahtend saeg)?: — Ealageferan [and] gode wyrhtan ! Consiliarius dicit : O socii et boni operarii ! Uton towurpan hwaetlicor );as geflitu, and sy sibb and Dissolvamus citius has contentiones, et sit pax et ge)?waernyss betweoh us, and framige anra gehwylc oJ?ron Concordia inter nos, et prosit unusquisque alteri on craefte hys, and ge)7waerian symble mid fam yrflinge, l^aei in arte sua, et conveniamus semper apud aratorem, uhi I lU ^LFRICl COLLOQUIUM. we bicleofan us, and fodder horsum urum, habba);; and )7is * victum nobis, et pabula equis nostris, habemus ; et hoc ge)7eaht ic sylle eallura wyrhtum, ]7aBt arira gehwylc craeft his consilium do omnibus operariis, ut unusquisque artem suam gcornlicebegange;forf>amse)7e cragft his forlaet, he by)? forlasten diligenter exerceat ; quia qui artem suam dimiserit, ipse dimittetur fram )?am craefte. Swa hwaej^er )?u sy, swa msesse-preost, swa ab arte. Sive sis * sacerdos, sive munuc, swa ceorl, swa kempa, bega (behwyrf) J?e sylfne on monachus, seu laicus, seu miles, exerce temet ipsum in J^isum : beo j^aet IJaet] ]7u eart, for]7ara micel hynj? and sceamu hoc : esto quod es, quia magnum damnum et verecundia hyt ys men nelle wesan ]7aet )?£et he ys, and )?u for]7tyhst [)7a] spraece; ac spree us et ultra setatem nostram protrahis sermonem ; sed loquere nobis sefter urum andgyte, ]7aet we magon understandan )?a )?ing ]?e juxta nostrum intellectum, ut possimus intelligere quae )7u specst. loqueris. Ic ahsige eow, for hwi swa geornlice leornige ge ? M. Interrogo vos, cur tam diligenter discitis? For]7am we nella)? wesan swa stunte nytenu, )7a nan \\ng D. Quia nolumus esse sicut bruta animalia, quse nihil wita)? buton gaers and waeter. sciunt nisi herbam et aquam. And hwaet wille ge ? M. Et quid %-ultis vos ? [We] willaj? wesan wise. D. Volumus esse sapientes. On hwilcon wisdome? Wille ge wesan praettige, oj^fe M. Qua sapientia? Vultis esse versipelles, aut )7usendhiwe, on leasungum lytige, on spraecum gleawlice, milleformes, in mendaciis vafri, in loquelis astuti. ^LFRICI COLLOQUIUM. 115 hindergepe, wel sprecende and yfele )7eiicende, swgesum wordum versuti, bene loquentes et male cogitantes, dulcibus verbis underj^eodde, facn* vvi]7innan tyddriende, swa swa bergyis, dediti, dolum intus alentes, sicut sepulchrum, metton ofergeweorke, wij^innan full stence ? depicto mausoleo, intus plenum foe tore ? We nella]? swa wesan wise, for|7am he nys wis ]?e D. Nolumus sic esse sapientes, quia non est sapiens qui mid dydrunge hyne sylfne beswic)?. simulatione semet ipsum decipit. Ac hu wille ge ? M. Sed quomodo vultis ? We willa]? beon bylewite, butan licetunge, and wise, ]7ast D. Volumus esse simplices, sine hypocrisi, et sapientes, ut , we bugon fram yfele, and don goda : gyt, j^eah hwae]7ere, declinamus a malo, et faciamus bona : adhuc tamen deoplicor mid us ]?u smeagst ]7onne yld ure anfon masge ; ac profundius nobiscum disputas quam aetas nostra capere possit; sed spree us aefter uron gewunon, naes swa deoplice. loquere nobis nostro more, non tam profunde. Ic do ealswa ge bidda)?. pu, cnapa, hwaet dydest [)?u] M. Ego faciam sicut rogatis. Tu, puer, quid fecisti to daeg ? hodie ? Manega )?ing ic dyde ; on j^isse niht, J^a ]7a cnyll ic ge- D. Multas res feci. Hac nocte, quando signum au- hyrde, ic aras of minon bedde, and code to cyrcean, and sang divi, surrexi de lectulo, et exivi ad ecclesiam, et cantavi uht-sang mid gebroj^rum ; aefter )7a we sungon be eallum nocturnam cum fratribus ; deinde cantavimus de omnibus halgum, and daegredlice Idf-sangas; aefter )?ysum, prim, and Sanctis, et matutinales laudes ; post haec, primam, et seofon seolmas, mid letanian, and capitol maessan ; sy]7]7an septem psalmos, cum letaniis, et primam missam ; deinde undern-tide, and dydon maessan be daege ; aefter )7isum we sun- tertiam, et fecimus missam de die; post hsec cantavi- * fan in MS. I 2 116 ^LFRICI COLLOQUIUM. gon middaeg, and aston, and druncon, and slepon, and mus sextara, et manducaviraus, et bibimus, et dormivimus, et eft we arison, and sungon non, and nu we synd her iterum surreximus, et cantavimus nonam, et modo sumus hie aetforan )7e, gearuwe gehyran hwaet J7U us secge. coram te, parati audire quid * nobis dixeris. Hwaenne wylle ge singan aefen, o]>]>e niht-sangc ? M. Quando vultis cantare vesperum, aut completorium ? fonne hyl tima by]?. D. Quando * tempus erit. Waere ]>u to daeg beswuncgen ? M. Fuisti hodie verberatus ? Ic naes, f<)r)7am waerlice ic me heold. D. Non fui, quia caute me tehui. And hu )7me geferan ? M. Et quomodo tui socii ? Hwaet me ahsast [)7u] be ]?am ? Ic ne deor yppan ]>e D. Quid me interrogas de hoc ? Non audeo pandere tibi digla ure. Anra gehwylc wat gif he beswuncgen waes oy^e na. secreta nostra. Unusquisque scit si * flagellatus erat aut non. Hwaet ytst ]7u on daeg ? M. Quid manducas in die ? Gyt flaesc-mettum ic bruce, for]7am cild ic eom under D. Adhuc carnibus vescor, quia puer sum sub gyrda drohtniende. virga degens. Hwast mare ytst )7u ? M. Quid plus manducas ? Wyrta, and aegra, fisc, and cyse, buteran, and beana, and D. Olera, et ova, pisces et caseum, butyrum, et fabas, et ealle claene fingc ic ete, mid micelre J^ancunge. omnia munda manduco, cum gratiarum actione. Swi)?e waxgeorn eart f>u, ]7onne )7u ealle )7ingc etst )?e M. Valde edax es, cum * omnia manducas quae )?e toforan. tibi apponuntur. Ic ne eom swa micel swelgere, )7aet ic ealle cynn metta D. Non sum tarn vorax, ut * omnia genera ciborum .ELFRICI COLLOQUIUM. 117 on anre gereordinge etan maege. in una refectione edere possim. Ac hu ? M. Sed quomodo? Ic bruce hwilon ]?isum mettum, and [hwilon] o]7rum, mid 2). Vescor aliquando his cibis, et aliquando aliis, cum syfernysse, swa swa dafna]? munuce, naes mid oferhropse, for]7am sobrietate, sicut decet monacho, non cum voracitate, quia ic com nan gluto. non sum gluto. And hwaet drincst J^u ? M. Et quid bibis ? Ealu, gif ic haebbe, 0)7)76 waeter, gif ic naebbe ealu. D. Cerevisiam, si habeo, vel aquam, si non habeo cerevisiam. Ne drincst )7u win ? M. Nonne bibis vinum ? Ic ne eom swa spedig )78et ic masge bicgean me win, and T>. Non sum tarn dives ut possim emere mihi vinum, et win nys drenc cilda, ne dysigra, ac ealdra and wisra. vinum non est potus puerorum, sive stultorum, sed senum et sapientum. Hwaer slaepst [)7u] ? M. Ubi dormis? On slaep-erne mid gebro)7rum. D. In dormitorio cum fratribus. Hwa awec)7 )7e to uht-sancge ? M. Quis excitat te ad nocturnos? Hwilon ic gehyre cnyll, and ic arise, hwilon lareow Z). Aliquando audio signum et surgo, aliquando magister min awec)7 me sti)7lice mid gyrde. meus excitat me duriter cum virga. Eala ge [gode] cildra, and wynsume leorneras, eow mana)? M. O * probi pueri, et venusti discipuli, vos hortatur eower lareow )7aet ge hyrsumian godcundum larum, and )78et vester eruditor ut pareatis divinis disciplinis, et ut ge healdan eow sylfe aenlice on aelcere stowe. Ga)? )7eawlice, observetis vosmet eleganter ubique locorum. Incedite morigerate, )7onne ge gehyran cyricean bellan, and ga)? into cyrcean, cum auscultaveritis ecclesise campanas, et ingredimini in oratorium. 118 WILLS. and abuga)? eadmodlice to halgum wefodum, and standaj? et inclinate suppliciter ad almas aras, et state ]?eawlice, and singa)? anmodlice, and gebidda]? for eowrum disciplinabiliter, et concinite unanimiter, et intervenite pro vestris synnum, and gaj? ut, butan hygeleaste, to claustre, o]>]>e to erratibus, et egredimini, sine scurrilitate, in claustrum, vel in gymnasium. WILLS. I. •^ Her swytela^, on ]?issum gewrite, hu iElfric Bisceop wille his are beteon Ipe he under Gode geernode, and under Cnute kyncge, his leofne laforde, and si)7]7an haef^ rihtlice gehealdan under Haralde cyncge ; ]?et is ]7onne asrest ; J7et ic gean )7et land et Wih'incga-wer]?a into See Eadmunde for minra saule, and for minas lafordas, swa ful and swa for^, swa he hit me to handa let. And ic gean ];et land ast Hunstanes-tune be iEstanbroke, and mid ]?an lande et Holme, into See Eadmunde. And ic wille J7et fa munecas on Byrig sellan syxtig punda for ]?an lande et Tices-welle, and et Doc-cyncge, and ]?et J^erto gehyra^. And ic gean Leofstane daecane J7et land et Grimastune, swa ful and swa for^, swa ic hit ahte. And ic gean mine cyne laforde Haralde II. marc gol. And ic gean minre hlefdigen ^n marc gol. And gelaeste man ^gelrice an pund minre fat sylre, and sela man mina cnihtas ]>a. mina stiwardas witan, xxxx, punda, and fif pund into Elig, and fif pund into Holm, and fif pund Wulfwarde muneke, minne maege, and fif pund ^Ifraehe mine saemestre, and ic wille ]>et man sella )?et land et Walsinga-ham, swa man derast maege, and gelesta man J7et feoh, swa ic gewissod haebbe. And ic wille }>et man sella ]?et land et Fersa-feld, swa man derast maege ; and recna man iuncere Brun an marc gol ; and mid J^an laue scytta man mine borgas. And ic gean .^Ifwine minan preoste et Walsinga-ham xxx. akera et Eggemaere, and Uui WILLS. 119 prouast habba fone ofaraestan. And ic gean ^Edwine muneke pa mylne et G^y-ssete ]?e Ringware ahte. And ic gean ^Ifrig preoste )?et land et Rygedune ]7e ic bohte to Leofwenne. And ic gean fet myln J7e Wulno^ ahte into See Eadmnnde. And ic gean Sibriht ]7et land fe ic gebohte on Mulantune. And ic gean pet fen ]7e purlac me sealde into ^Imham, fa preostas to foddan. And ic gean into Hoxne ]?a preostas an fusend wer^ fen. And ic gean ]>et fen J^e jElfric me sealde into Holme. And ic gean ]?on hage binnon Nor^wic for minre saule and for ealra fe hit me geu^on into See Eadmunde. And ic gean ]?an hage into See Paetre binnon Lunden. And ic gean iungre Brun J7et healfe J7u- send fen. IL "^ Ic Lufa, mid Godes gifa, Ancilla Di, wes soecende and smea- gende, ymb mine saul-j7earfe, mid Ceolno^es ^rcebiscopes ge- ^eahte, and ^ara hiova et Cristes cirican : Willa ic gesellan of ^em aerfe ^e me God forgef, and mine friond, to gefultemedan, gelce gere, lx. ambra makes, and cl. hlafa, l. hwite hlafa,^. an briber, an suin, iiii. we^ras, ii. waega spices and ceses, Sem hi- gum to Cristes circean, for mine saule, and minra frionda and mega, 'Se me to Gode gefultemedan, and ]?et sie simle to adsum- sio Scae Marie, ymb xii. mona^ end, sue eihwelc mon swe yis lond hebbe, minra aerbenumena, 'Sis agefe, and mittan fulne hu- niges X. ...oes, xx. hen-fuglas. "^ Ic Ceolno^, mid Godes gefe, Ercebisc, mid Cristes rode-tacne ^is festne and write !l cxx elmes hlafes. Beagmund pr. ge^afie and midwrite. Beornfri^ pr. ge^afie and midwrite. Wealhhere pr. SwiSberht diac. Osmund pr. Beornheah diac. Deimund pr. ^^^elmund diac. ^^elwald diac. Wighelm diac. Werbald diac. Lubo. Sifred diac. 120 WILLS. 'jf Ic Luba, eabmod Godes Si wen, 5as fore-cwedenan god and "Sas elmessan gesette and gefestnie ob minem erfelande et Mund- lingham ^em liiiue to Cristes cirican; and ic bidde, and, an Godes libgendes naman, bebiade, "Saem men ^e ^is land and Sis erbe hebbe et Mundlingham, 'Set he ^as god for^leste o^ wiaralde ende. Se man se ^is healdan wille and lestan ^et ic beboden hebbe an ^isem gewrite, se him geseald and gehealden sia hia- benlice bled sung ; se his ferwerne o^^e hit agele, se him seald and gehealden helle wite, bute he to fulre bote gecerran wille, Gode and mannum. Uene ualete. 121 THE DEATH OF BYRHTNOTH. A FRAGMENT. brocen wurde ; het }>a hyssa hwaene hors forlaetan, feor afysan, • 5 and for^gangan, hicgan to handum, and hige godum. ]?aet Offan maeg , aerest onfunde 10 }>aet se eorl nolde yrm^o ge)7olian : he let him ]7a of handon leofre fleogan hafoc wi^ )7aes holtes, 15 and to J7aere hilde stop ; be ]?am man mihte oncnawan )7aet se cniht nolde wacian aet )7am wige, ]>a he to waepnum feng : 20 eac him wolde Eadric his ealdre gelaestan frean to gefeohte ; ongan 'pa. for^beran gar to gu)7e : 25 he haefde God gej^anc, J>a hwile he mid handum healdan mihte bord and brad swurd ; beot he gelaeste, 30 )7a he aetforan his frean feohtan sceolde. Da )7aer Byrhtno^ ongan beornas trymian, rad and raedde, 35 rincum taehte hu hi sceoldon standan, and ]7one stede healdan, and baed past hyra randan rihte heoldon 40 faeste mid folmum, and ne forhtedon na. pa he haefde J>aet folc faegre getrymmed, he lihte pa mid leodon, 45 psdT him leofost waes, )7aer he his heor^-werod holdost wiste. pa stod on stae^e, sti'Slice clypode, 50 wicinga ar, wordum maelde, se on beot ahead brim-li)7endra aerende to ]7am eorle, 55 ]7aBr he on ofre stod : Me sendon to ^e 122 THE DEATH OF BYRHTNOTH. sgemen snelle ; heton ^e secgan, )>ast ]>u most sendan ra^e beagas wi^ gebeorge ; 5 and eow betere is J^aet ge j^isne gar-raes mid gafole forgyldon, )7onne we swa hearde ulde daelon: 10 ne ]7urfe we us spillan, gif ge speda^ to ]7am5 we willa^ wi'S )7am golde gri'S faestnian ; gyf ]7u ]7aet gerasdest, 15 ]>e her ricost eart, ]7aet )7U ]?ine leoda lysan wille, syllan sae-mannum, on hyra sylfra dom, 20 feoh wi^ freode, and niman fri^ ast us, we willa^ mid ]?ara sceattum us to scype gangan, on flot feran, 25 and eow frij>es healdan. Byrhtno^ maj^elode, bord hafenode, wand wacne aesc, wordum ma^lde, 30 yrre and anraed, ageaf him andsware : Gehyrst ]>u. sae-lida hwaet ]7is folc sege^, he willa^ eow to gafole 35 garas syllan, aettrynne ord, and ealde swurd, )?a heregeatu ]7e eow aet hilde ne deah. 40 Brim-manna boda, abeod eft ongean ; sege Jjinum leodum miccle la]?re spell, ])aei her stynt unforcu^ 45 eorl mid his werode, f e wile gealgian epel J^ysne, ^J?elraedes eard, ealdres mines, 50 folc and foldan ; feallan sceolon has]7ene set hilde ; to heanlic me ]?ince^ )78et ge mid iirum sceattum 55 to scype gangon unbefohtene ; nu ge )7us feor hider on urne earde inbecomon, 60 ne sceole ge swa softe sine gegangan ; us sceal ord and ecg serge gem an, grim gu^-plega, 65 aer we gofol syllon. Het )?a bord beran, beornas gangan fedt hi on ]?am ea-ste^e THE DEATH OF BYRHTNOTH. 123 ealle stodon. Ne mihte |7aer for waetere werod to )7am o^rum, J7aer com flowende 5 flod aefter ebban, lucon lagu-streamas; to ]ang hit him J^uhte, hwaenne. hi togaedere garas beron. 1 Hi ]7aer Pantan stream mid prasse bestodon East-Seaxena ord, and se aesc-here; ne mihte hyra aenig 15 o]7rum derian, buton hwa )?urh flanes flyht fylge name. Se flod ut gewat ; ]>a. flotan stodon gearowe 20 wicinga fela wiges oreorne. Het ]>a. h£elej7a hleo healdan ]?a bricge wigan vvigheardne 25 se waes haten Wulfstan, cafne mid his cynne, )7aet waes Ceolan sunu, ])e j7one forman man mid his francan ofsceat, 30 )7e )78er baldlicost on fa bricge stop. paer stodon mid Wulfstane wigan unforhte, lElfere and Maccus, 35 modige twegen ; ]>a no] don aet ]?am forda fleam gewyrcan, ac hi faestlice wi^ ]7a fynd weredon, . 40 ])e hwile ])e hi wa2pna wealdan moston. pa hi )7aBt ongeaton, and georne gesawon, )7aet hi )?aer bricg-weardas 45 bitere fundon ; ongunnon lytegian )?a laSe gystas ; baedon J7aet hi up-gangan agan moston, 50 ofer }7one ford faran, fe)7an l^edan. Da se eorl ongan, for his ofermdde, alyfan landes to fela 55 laj7ere ^eode; ongean ceallian )?a, ofer cald waetev, Byrhthelmes beam beornas gehlyston : 60 Nu eow is gerymed, ga^ ricene to us gum an to gu}>e, God ana wat hwa )?asre wasl-stowe 65 wealdan mote. Wodon ]?a wael-wulfas, for waetere ne m urn on wicinga werod, 124 THE DEATH OF BYRHTNOTH. west ofer Pan tan, ofer scir waiter, scyldas wegon, lidmen to lande 5 linde basron. paer ongean gramum gearowe stodon Byrhtno^ mid beornum ; he mid bordum het 10 wyrcan ]7one wi-hagan, and J7aet werod healdan feste wi^ feondum : J7a waes fohte neh tir aet getohte, 15 waes seo tid cumen )7aet ]7aer faege men feallan sceoldon ; ]7a wearS hream ahafen, hremmas wundon, 20 earn aeses georn, waes on eorj^an cyrni. Hi leton fa of folman feol hearde speru, gegrundene 25 garas fleogan, bogan waeron bysige, bord ord onfeng, biter waes se beadu-raes, beornas feollon, 30 on gehwas^ere hand hyssas lagon; wund wear^ Wulfmaer, wEel-reste geceas, Byrhtno^es maeg, 35 he mid billum wear^, his swuster sunn, swi^e forheawen. paer wear^ wicingum wi)7er-lean agifen ; 40 Gehyrde ic ^aet Eadweard anne sloge swi)7e mid his swurde, swenges ne wyrnde, f>aet him aet fotum feoll 45 faege cempa : J7aes him his j^eoden }?anc gesaede, )7am byr]?ene, J7a he byre haefde: 50 swa stemnetton sti^ hugende hysas aet hilde, hogodon georne hwa ]?aer mid orde 55 aerost mihte on faegean men feorh gewinnan, wigan mid waepnum : wael feol on eor^an ; 60 stodon staede faeste ; stihte hi Byrhtno^ ; baed ]?aet hyssa gehwylc hogode to wige, ]>e on Denum wolde 65 dom gefeohtan. W6d J>a wiges heard, waepen up-ahof, bord to gebeorge, THE DEATH OF BYRHTNOTH. 125 and wis )7aes beornes stop ; code swa anraed eorl to ]>am ceorle, aBg]7er hyra oSrum 5 yfles hogode; sende ]>sl se sae-rinc su)7erne gar, )7a gewundod wearS wifjena hlaford ; 10 he sceaf )7a mid ]7am scylde, ]?aet se sceaft tobaerst, and )7aet spere sprengde, )79et hit sprang ongean ; gegremod wearSse guS-rinc, 15 he mid gare stang wlancne wicing ]>e him ]?a wunde forgeaf ; frod W8SS se fyrd-rinc, he let his francan wadan 20 furh J7aes hysses hals ; hand wisode )78et he on ]?am faer-scea'San feorh geraehte, ^a he o]?erne 25 ofstlice sceat, f'aet seo byrne tobaerst, he waes.on breostum wund ]?urh )7a hring-locan, him aet heortan stod 30 setter ne ord, Se eorl waes ]fe bli)7ra, hloh J>a modiman, saede Metode ]?anc Saes daeg-weorces 35 )?e him Drihten forgeaf. Forlet J?a drenga sum daroS of handa, fleogan of folman, )7£et se to forS gewat 40 )7urh ]7one 8e)?elan ^]7elraedes ]?egen ; him be healfe stod hyse unweaxen, cniht on gecampe, 45 se full caflice braed of 'Saem beorne blodigne gar, Wulfstanes beam, Wulfmaer se geonga ; 50 forlet for heardne far an eft ongean, ord ingewod, J^aet se on eorj^an laeg ye his )?eoden aer 55 J^earle geraehte. Eode J7a gesyrwed secg to )7am eorle, he wolde yaes beornes beagas gefecgan, 60 reaf and hringas and gerenod swurd ; Sa ByrhtnoS braed bill of sceSe brad and brun-ecg, 65 and on J?a byrnan sloh : ra)7e hine gelette lidmanna sum, )?a he )?aes eorles 126 THE DEATH OF BYRHTNOTH. earm aniyrde ; feoU ]?a to foldan fealo hilte swurd, lie mihte he gehealdan 5 heardne mece, waepnes wealdan; J?a gyt )7aet word gecwse^ har hilde rinc ; hyssas bylde 10 bsed gangan for^, gode geferan : ne raihte fa on fotum leng faeste gestandan ; he to heofenum wlat : 1 5 Ge]?ance 'pe ^eoda Waldend, ealra ]7aera wynna ]?e ic on worulde gebad : nu ic, ah milde Meotod, maeste ]?earfe, 20 f'aet }>u minum gaste godes geunne, )7aet min sawul to ]fe simian mote, on ]?m geweald, 25 peoden engla, mid fri^e ferian ; ic eom fryradi to ]fe )7aet hi hel-scea)7an hynan ne moton. 30 Da hine heowon h^^ene scealcas, and begen ]>a beornas )7e him bigstodon, iElfno^ and Wulmser begen 35 lagon ^a on emn hyra frean, feorh gesealdon. Hi biigon ])a fram beaduwe )?e }>aer beon noklon ; 40 }»aer wurdon Oddan beam aerest on fleame, Godric fram guf'e, and j7one godan forlet, )7e him maenigne oft 45 mear gesealde ; he gehleop j^one eoh, Ipe ahte his hlaford, on )7am geraedum, J7e hit riht ne waes, 50 and his bro^ru mid him, begen asrdon, Godrine and Godrig, gupe ne gymdon, ac wendon fram J>am wige, 55 and )7one wudu sohton, flugon on )7aet faesten, and hyra feore burgon, and manna ma ]7onne hit asnig mae^ waere, 60 gyf hi ]>a gearnunga ealle gemundon, ]7e he him to dugu)7e gedon haefde, swa him OfFa on daeg 65 aer asaede, on )?am mej7el-stede, )7a he gemot haefde, )?aet )7aer modhce THE DEATH OF BYRHTNOTH. 127 manega spraecon, ]>e eft ast J^aere |7olian noldon. Da wear^ afeallen 5 )?8es folces ealdor, -3j]}7elr3edes eorl ; ealle gesawon heor^-geneatas ]7set hyra heorra laeg. 10 pa ^aer wendon for^ wlance ]7egenas, unearge men, efston georne, hi woldon )7a ealle 1 5 o^er twega, lif forlgetan, o^Se leofne gewrecan. Swa hi bylde for^ beam ^Ifrices, 20 wiga wintrum geong, wordum maelde ; ^Ifwine ]>a cwae^ he, On ellen-spraec gemuna ]?a maela ]7e we oft 25 ast meodo spraecon, )7onne we on bence beot ahofon, haele^ on h ealle, ymbe heard gewinn; 30 nu maeg cunnian hwa cene sv ; ic wylle mine ae]?elo eallum gecy]?an, )7aet ic waes on Myrcon 35 miccles cynnes, waes min ealda faeder Ealhelm haten, wis ealdorman, woruld-gesselig. 40 Ne sceolon me on )7aere j7eode ]?egenas aetwitan, )7aet ic of }>isse fyrde feran wille, eard gesecan, 45 nu min ealdor lige'S forheavven get hilde: me is )?ast hearma maest, he wies aeg^er min maeg and min hlaford. 50 Da he for^ eode, faeh^e gemunde, ]7aet he mid orde anne geraehte flotan on J7am folce, 55 J^aet se on foldan laeg, forwegen mid his wsepne. Ongan J^a winas manian, frynd and geferan, J>8et hi for^ eodon. 60 Offa gemaslde, aesc-holt asceoc ; Hwaet ]7u ^Ifwine hafast ealle gemanode, j^egenas to ]7earfe ; 65 nu ure )7eoden li^, eorl on eor^an, us is eallum J^earf, )?aet ure seghwylc 128 THE DEATH OF BYRHTNOTH. oferne bylde wigan to wige, fa hwile ]>e he waepen maege habban and healdan, b heardne mece, gar and god swurd. Us Godric haef^, earh Oddan beam, ealle beswicene : 10 wende ]?aes for moni man, ]7a he on mearc rad, on wlancan )7am wicge, J7ast waere hit tire hlatbrd ; for)7an wearS her on felda 15 folc totwaemed^ scyld-burh tobrocen, abreo^e his angin, )7aet he her swa manigne man aflymde. 20 Leofsunu gemselde, and his linde ahof, bord to gebeorge, he )?am beorne oncwaeS : Ic faet gehate, 25 )78et ic heonon nelle fleon fotes trym, ac wille fur^or gan, wrecan on gewinne minne wine-drihten. 30 Ne J?urfon me embe Stur-mere stede feeste hffilef5 wordum aetwitan, nu min wine gecranc, )?aet ic hlafordleas 35 ham si^ie, wende fram wige, ac me sceal waepen niman, ord and iren. He ful yrre w6d, 40 feaht faestlice, fleam he forhogode. Dunnere ]7a cwas^, daro^a cwehte, unorne ceorl, ^S ofer eall clypode, baed )78et beorna gehwylc Byrhtno^ wr^ce ; Ne maeg na wandian se ]7e wrecan ]7ence^ 50 frean on folce, ne for feore murnan. pa hi for^ eodon, feores hi ne rohton , ongunnon J>a hired-men 55 heardlice feohtan, grame gar-berend, and God baedon )7aet hi moston gewrecan hyra wyne-drihten, 60 and on hyra feondum fyl gewyTcan. Him se gysel ongan geornlice fylstan ; He wses on NorS-hymbron 65 heardes cynnes, Ecglafes beam, him waes ^scfer^ nama : he ne wandode na THE DEATH OF BYRHTNOTH. 129 set )7am wig-plegan, ac he fysde for^S flan genehe ; hwilon he on bord sceat, 5 hwilon beorn taesde ; aefre embe stunde he sealde sume wunde, )?a hwile ^e he waepna wealdan moste. 1 Da gy t on orde stod Eadweard se langa, gearc and geornful ; gylp-wordum spraec, ]73et he nolde fleogan 15 fot-mael landes, ofer baec bugan, J7a his betera leg : he braec )7one bord- weal 1, and wi^ )7a beornas feaht, 20 o^ )7aet he his sinc-gyfan on )7am sae-raannum wur^lice wrec, aer he on waele laege. Swa dyde -^)?eric, 25 aej?ele gefera, fus and for^georn, feaht eornoste, Sibyrhtes bro^or, and swi^e maenig oj^er, 30 clufon cellod bord, cene hi weredon, baerst hordes laerig, and seo byrne sang gryre leo^e sum. 35 pa ast gu^e sloh OfFa )7one sae-lidan )7aet he on eorj^an feoU, and )7aer Gaddes maeg grund gesohte ; 4-0 ra^e wearS aet hilde OfFa forheawen ; he haefde )?eah gefor)7od )7aet he his frean gehet, swa he beotode aer 45 wi^ his beah-gifan, )7aet hi sceoldon begen on burh ridan, hale to hame, o^^e on here crintgan, 50 on wael-stowe, wundum sweltan. He laeg ^egenlice, ^eodne gehende. Da wear^ borda gebraec ; 55 brim-men wodon, gu^e gegremode ; gar oft )?urh-w6d faeges feorh-hus. ForS "Sa eode Wistan, 60 purstanes sunu, wi^ )7as secgas feaht ; he waes on gej^rang hyra )?reora bana, aer him Wirelines beam 65 on )7am waele laege. paer waes sti^ gemot ; stodon faeste wigan on gewinne, 130 THE DEATH OF BYRHTNOTH. wigend cruncon, wundum werige; wael feol on eorj7an. Oswold and Ealdwold, 5 ealle hwile, begen gebroj^ru, beornas trymedon, hyra wine-magas ; wordon baedon, 10 J7aet he J?aer aet "Searfe j7olian sceoldon unwaclice waepna neotan, Byrhtwold maj^elode, 1 5 bord hafenode, se waes eald geneat, sesc acwehte, he ful baldlice beornas laerde : 20 Hige sceal )7e heardra, heorte ]7e cenre, mod sceal J^e mare, J7e ure msegen lytla^ ; her li^ tire ealdor, 25 ealle forheawen, god on greote ; a maeg gnornian, se^e nu, fram ]7is wig-plegan, wendan fenced : 30 ic eom frod feores, fram ic ne wille, ac ic me be healfe minum hlaforde, be swa leofan men, 35 licgan J?ence. Swa hi ^)7elgares beam ealle bylde, Godric to guj^e : oft he gar forlet, 40 wael-spere windan, on ]7a wicingas : swa he on )7am folce fyrmest code ; heow and hynde, 45 o^ J7aet he on hilde gecranc Naes l^aet na se Godric ]>e "ba gu^e forbeah, 131 JUDITH, A FRAGMENT. * * * tweode gifena, in ^ys ginnan grunde, heo J7aer Ipa gearwe funde mund-byrd aet ]7am maeran ]?eodne, 5 J7a heo able maeste J7earfe hyldo )73es hehslan deman, )?aet he hie wi^ j^aes hehstan brogan ' gefri^ode frym^aWaldend; hyre ]?aes Faeder on roderum 10 torhtmod ti^e gefremede, ]?e heo ahte trumne geleafan a to l?aem ^Imihtigan. Gefraegen ic ]>a Holoferniis win hatan wyrcean georne, 1 5 and eallum wundriim ]7rymlic girwan up swaesendo ; to "Sam het se gumena baldor ealle )7a yldestan ^egnas, hie ^aet ofstum miclum 20 raefndon rond-wiggende, comon to ^am rican J^eodne feran folces raeswan. paet waes ]>y feorj^an dogore ]7aes 'pe ludi^ hyne, 25 gleaw on gejjonce, ides aelf-scinu, aerest gesohte. X. Hie ^a to ^am symle sittan eodon, 30 wlance to win-gedrince, ealle his wea-gesi^as, bealde byrn-wiggende. paer waeron boUan steape boren aefter bencum gelome, 35 swylce eac bunan and orcas fulle flet-sittendum : hie )7aet faege )?egon, rofe rond-wiggende, )7eah ^aes se rica ne wende, 40 egesful eorla dryhten. Da wear^ Holofernus, gold-wine gumena, on gyste-salum * ; hloh and hlydde, 45 hlynede and dynede, ]7aet mihten fira beam feorran gehyran, hu se sti^moda styrmde and gylede, 50 modig and medu-gal, * gyte-salum, MS. k2 132 JUDITH. manode geneahhe benc-sittende, ]>aet hi gebaerdon wel. Swa se inwidda 5 ofer ealne daeg, dryht-guman sine drencte mid wine, swi^mod sinces brytta, o^ )?ast hie on swiman lagon, 10 ofer-drenctehisdugu^eealle, swylce hie waeron dea^e ges- legene, agotene goda gehwylces : swa het se gumena aldor fylgan flet-sittendum, 1 5 o^ Jjaet fira bearnum nealashte niht seo )?ystre ; het ^a niSa geblonden pa eadigan maegS, ofstum fetigan 20 to his bed-reste, beagum gehlaeste, hringum gehrodene, hie hraSe fremedon anbyht-scealcas, 25 swa hitn heora ealdor be- head, byrn-wigena brego: bearhtme stopon to ]7am gyst-erne, J^aer hi ludith^e 30 fundon ferh^-gleawe, and pa fromUce lind-wiggende laedan ongunnon pa tprhtan maeg^ 35 to traefe j^am hean, paer se rica hyne reste on symbel nihtes inne nergende la^ 40 Holofernus. Daer waes eall gylden fleoh-net faeger, and ymbe faes folc-togan bed ahongen, 45 )7aet se bealofuUa mihte wlitan ^urh, wigena bald or, on aeghwylcne, pe ^aer-inne com, 50 haele^a bearna, and on hyne naenig monna cynnes, nym^e se modiga hwaene ni^e-rofra 55 him pe near het, rinca to rune gegangan. Hie Sa on reste gebrohten snude ]7a snoteran idese ; eodon ^a sterced-ferh^e has- let ; 60 heora hearran cy^an paei waes seo halige meowie gebroht on his bur-getelde : ^a wearS se brema on mode bli^e, burga ealdor, 65 )?ohte ^a beorhtan idese JUDITH. 133 mid widle and mid womme besmitan ; ne wolde ]>aet wuldres dema ge^afian, ^rymmes hyrde, ac he him ]7aes binges ge- styrde, 5 Dryhten duge^a waldend. Gewat ^a se deofulcunda, galferh^ gumena Create, bealofull his beddes neosan, j^aer he sceolde his blaed for- leosan, 10 aedre binnan anre nihte, haefde]7a his ende gebidenne, on eor^an unswaeslicne, swylcne he aer aefter worhte, )7earlmod ^eoden gumena, 15 )7enden he on ^ysse wo- rulde wunode under vvolcna hrofe; gefeol fa. wine swa druncen se rica on his reste middan, swa he nyste raeda nanne 20 on gewit locan : wiggend stopon lit of ^am inne ofstum miclum, weras win-sade, 25 fe ^one wasrlogan, la^ne leod-hatan, laeddon to bedde, nehstan si^e. pa wses nergendes 30 j^eowen j^rymful, );earle gemyndig, hu heo ]?one atolan eabost mihte ealdre benaeman, 35 aer se unsyfra womfull onwoce. Genam ^a wunden-locc, Scyppendes masgS, scearpne mece, 40 scurum heardne, and of scea^e abraed, swi^ran folme ; ongan ^a swegles weard, be naman nemnan, 45 nergend ealra woruld-buendra, and )?aet word acwae'S : Ic ^e frym^a God, and frofre gaest, 50 beam alwaldan, biddan wille, miltse )?inre me )7earfendre, Drynesse ^rym ; 55 )?earle ys me nu^a, heorte ys onhaeted, and hige geomor swy^e mid sorgum gedrefed ; forgif me, swegles Ealdor, 60 sigor and so^ne geleafan, )73et ic mid )7ys sweorde mote geheawan J^ysne mordres bryttan ; geunne me minra gesynta, 134. JUDITH. J^earlmod )7eoden gumena : nahte ic )?inre naefre miltse J>on maran J^earfe : gewrec nu, mihtig Dryhten, 5 torhtmod tires Brytta, )7aet me y s ]?us torne on mode, hate on hre^re minum. Hi ]?a se hehsta dema aedre mid elne onbryrde, 10 swa he de^ anra gehwylcne, her buendra ]>e hyne him to helpe seceiS, mid raede and mid rihte ge- leafan. pa wear^ hyre rume on mode, 1 5 haligre hyht geniwod ; genam. J7a ]7one hae^enan mannan faeste be feaxe sinum, teah hyne folmum, wi^ hyre weard bysmerlice, 20 and jjone bealofuUan listum alede, la^ne mannan, swa heo "Sees unlaedan ea'Sost mihte 25 wel gewealdan. Sloh ^a wunden-locc j7one feond-scea^an fagum mece, hete )7oncolne, 30 J7aet heo healfne forcearf )?one sweoran him, )7aet he on swiman laeg, druncen and dolh-wund: naes "Sa dead )7a gyt, 35 ealles orsawle, sloh "Sa eornoste ides ellen-rof, dpre si^e, fone hae^enan hund, 40 faet him )7aet heafod wand for^ on ^a flore, laeg se fula leap, gesne be-aeftan, gasst ellor hwearf, 45 under neowelnaes, and ]7aer geny^erad waes, susle gesaeled, sy^^an sefre, wyrmum bewunden, 50 witum gebunden, hearde gehaefted, in helle bryne, sefter hin-si^e ; ne ^earf he hopian no, 55 ]7ystrum for^ylmed, )7aet he 'Sonan mote, of ^am wyrm-sele, ac "Saer wiinian sceal, awa to aldre, 60 butan ende forS, in ^am heolstran ham, hyht-wynna leas. XI. Haefde ^a gefohten. JUDITH. 135 fore maerne blaed, ludith aet gu^e, 35 swa hyre God u^e, swegles ealdor, 5 J7e hyre sigores onleah. pa seo snotere maeg^ snude gebrobte 40 )?8es herewae'San heafod swa blodig, 10 on 'Sam faetelse, J^e hyre foregenga, blac-hleor ides, 45 hyra begea nest )7eawum ge^ungen, 15 J?yder onlasdde, and hit ^a swa heolfrig, hyre on bond ageaf, 50 hige ^oncolre, ham to berenne, 20 ludith gingran sinre. Eodon ^a gegnum ]?anonne )7a idesa ba, 55 ellen J7riste, o^ )7aet hie becomon, 25 collen-ferh^e, ead-hre^ige masg^, lit of ^am herige, 60 J?aet hie sweotollice geseon mihten 30 )?aere wlitegan byrig weallas blican, Bethuliam. 65 Hie ^a beah-hrodene, * heo ildon in MS. and Thwaites. fe^e-laste, for^ onettan, o^ hie glsed-mode gegan hasfdon to ^am weal-gate ; wiggend sseton, weras waeccende wearde heoldon*, in ^am faestenne, swa ^am folce aer, geomor-modum, ludithe bebead, searo-^oncol maegS, J7a heo on si^ gewat, ides ellen-rof. WaBS 'Sa eft cumen leof to leodum, and ^a lungre het, gleaw-hydig wif, gumena sumne, of 'Saere ginnan byrig, hyre togeanes gan, and hi ofostlice in forlaetanf, ^urh ^ses wealles geat, and )7aet word acwas'S, to ^am sige-folce : Ic eow secgan maeg )?oncwyrSe )?ing, )7aet ge ne ]?yrfen leng murnan on mode, eow ys metod bli^e, cyninga wuldor, t forlseton, MS. 136 JUDITH. ]jxt gecy 8ds faesten-geates 15 folc onette, weras wif somod, wornum and heapum, ■Sreatum and ^rymmum, )7rungon and urnon, 20 ongean ]?a ]?eodnes maeg^, ]7usend-m3elum, ealde ge geonge aeghwylcum wear^ men on ^aere medo-byrig 25 mod are ted sy^^an hie ongeaton faet waes ludith cumen eft to e^le and ^a ofostlice 30 hie mid ea^medum in forleton. pa seo gleawe het, golde gefraetewod, hyre ^inenne, 35 )7an col-mode, )?8es here-wae^an heafod onwri^an, and hyt to beh^e, blodig aetywan, 4-0 )7am burh-leodum, h u hyre aet bead u we gespeow. Spraec -Sa seo ae^ele to eallum )7am folce : Her ge magon sweotole, 45 sige-rofe haele^, leoda raeswan, on "Saes la^estan hse^enes hea^o-rinces heafod starian*, 50 Holofernus, unlyfigendes, J?e us monna maest mor^ra gefremede, sarra sorga, 55 and swy^or gyt yean wolde, ac him ne u^e God lengran lifes, ]?aet he mid lae^^um 60 us eglan moste ; ic him ealdor o^j^rong, )7urh Godes fultum. Nu ic gumena gehwaene, jTj'ssa burg-leoda, 65 biddan wylle, rand-wiggendra, * stariatJ. MS. JUDITH. 137 )?8et ge recene eow fysan to gefeohte : sy^^an frym^a God, aerfaest cyning, 5 eastan sende leohtne leoman, bera^ linde forS, bord for breostiim, and byrn-homas, 10 scire helmas, in scea^ena gemong, fyllan folc-togan, fagum sweordum, faege frum-garas, 15 fynd syndon eowere gedemed to dea^e, and ge dom agon, tir aet tohtan, swa eow getacnod hafa^ 20 mihtig Dryhten, ]7urh mine hand, pa wear^ snelra werod snude gegearewod, cenra to campe, 25 stopon cyne-rofe, secgas and gesi^as, baeron ]7ufas, foron to gefeohte, for^ on gerihte, 30 haslet under helmum, of )7aere haligran byrig, on ]7aet dsegred sylf, dynedan scildas, hlude hlummon. 35 paes se hlanca gefeah wulf in walde, and se wanna hrefn, wael-gifre fugel, westan begen, 40 ]>adt him ^a ]7eod-gmnan ]?ohton tilian fylle on faegum ; ac him fleah on laste earn aetes georn, 45 urig feSera, salowig pada sang hilde leo^, hyrned nebba. Stopon hea'So-rincas, 50 beornas to beadowe, bordum be^eahte, hwealfum lindum, )7a 'Se hwile aer, elSeodiffra o 55 edwit )7oledon, haeSenra hosp. Him J>aet hearde wearS, aBt Sam aesc-plegan, eallum forgolden, 60 Assyrium, sySSan Ebreas, under guS-fanum, gegan haefdon to ^am fyrd-wicum. 65 Hie Sa fromlice leton for^ fleogan flana scuras, hilde naedran, 138 JUDITH. of horn-bogan, straelas stede hearde, strymdon hlude, grame gu^-frecan, 5 garas sendon in heardra gemang, haele^ waeron yrre, land-buende, la"Sum cynne, 10 stopon styrn-mode, sterced-ferh^e, wrehton unsofte eald geni^lan, medo werige, 15 mundum brugdon scealcas of scea^um scir mseled swyrd, ecgum gecoste, slogon eornoste 20 Assiria oret-msecgas, ni^ hycgende, Danne ne sparedon J7aes herefolces, 25 heanne ne rice, cwicera manna, )7e hie ofercuman mihton. XII. Swa ^a mago-)7egnas, on ^a morgen-tid, 30 ehton el^eoda, ealle frage, o^ )?aet ongeaton ^a ^e grame waeron, ^aes here-folces 35 heafod- wear das, ]f3Bt him swyrd-geswing swi^lic eowdon, weras Ebrisce ; hie wordum ]7aet 40 ]7am yldestan ealdor-)7egnum cy^an eodon, wrehton cumbol-wigan, and him forhtlice 45 faer spel bodedon, medo werigum, morgen collan, atolne ecg-plegan. pa ic aedre gefraegn 50 siege f^ege ha^le^ slsepe tobredon, and wrS )?aes bealofullan biir-geteldes weras ferh^e, 55 hwearfum ]7ringan Holofernus, hogedon aninga hyra hlaforde hyldo bodian, 60 aer^on "Se him se egesa on ufan saste maegen Ebrea. Mynton ealle J7ast se beorna brego, 65 and seo beorhte maeg^, in ^am wlitegan traefe, JUDITH. 139 waeron aetsomne, ludith seo ae^ele, and se galmoda, egesfull and afbr : 5 naes "Seah eorla nan, ]7e ^one wiggend aweccan dorste, o^^e gecunnian, hu ^one cumbol-wigan, 10 wi^ "Sa halgan maegS, haefde gewordeii, metodes meowlan. Maegen nealaehte, folc Ebrea, 15 fuhton )7earle, heardum heoru waepnum, haefte guidon, hyra fyrn geflitu, fagum swyrdum, 20 ealle afSoncan Assyria wear^, on ^am daege-weorce, dom geswi^rod, baelc forbiged. 25 Beornas stodon ymbe hyra J^eodnes traef, ]7earle gebylde, sweorcend ferh^e ; hi "Sa somod ealle 30 ongunnon cohhetan, cirman hlude, and gristbitian, Gode orfeorme, mid to^on torn jjoligende. 35 pa waes hyra tires aet ende, eades and ellen-daeda ; hogedon "Sa eorlas aweccan hire wine-dryhten, him wiht ne speow ; 40 J?a wear^ si^ and late, sum to ^am arod, )7ara beado-rinca, l^ast he in J?aet bur-geteld ni^-heard ne^Sde, 45 swa hyne nyd fordraf : funde 'Sa on bedde blacne licgan his gold-gifan, gaestes gesne, 50 lifes belidenne. He )7a lungre gefeoll, freorig to feoldan, ongan his feax teran, hreoh on mode, 55 and his hraegl somod, and )7aet word acwae^, to 'Sam wiggendum, ]>e ^aer unrote ute waeron : 60 Her ys geswutelod ure sylfra forvvyrd toweard getacnod, faet faere tide ys mid ni^um 65 neah ge^rungen, "Se we sculon losian somod, aet saecce forweor^an ; her 11^ sweorde geheawen. 14.0 JUDITH. beheafdod healdend ure. Hi "Sa hreowig-mode wurpon hyra waepen ofdiine, gewitan him werig-ferh^e, 5 on fleam sceacan ; him mon feaht on last, maegen-eacen folc, o^ se maesta dael •^aes heriges laeg 10 hilde gesaeged, on ^am sige-wonge, sweordum geheawen, wulfum to willan, and eac wasl-gifrum 15 fuglum to frofre, flugon ^a ^e lyfdon la^ra lind ; him on laste for sweot Ebrea, 20 sigore geweor^od, dome gedyrsod : him feng Dryhten God faegre on fultum, Frea ^Imihtig. 25 Hi "Sa fromlice, fagum swyrdum, heeled hige-rofe, her-paf5 worhton, •Surh la^ra gemong, 30 linde heowon, scild-burh scaeron, sceotend waeran, gu^e gegremede, guman Ebreisce; 35 fegnas on '8a tid )7earle gelyste gar-gewinnes. paer on greot gefeoll se hyhsta dael 40 heafod-gerimes Assyria, ealdor dugu^e, la^an cynnes, lythwdn becom 45 cwicera to cy^8e, cirdon cyne-rofe, wiggend on wi^ertrod, wael seel on innan, reocende hraew, 50 rum waes to nimanne, lond-buendum, on ^am la^estan hyra eald-feondum, unlyfigendum, 55 heolfrig here-reaf, hyrsta scyne bord, and brad swyrd, brune helmas, dyre madmas, 60 haefdon domlice, on 'Sam folc-stede, fynd oferwunnen, e^el-weardas, eald-hettende, 65 swyrdum aswefede ; hie on swa^e reston, )7a ^e him to life la^ost waeron JUDITH. 141 cwicera cynna. Da seo cneoris call, mseg^a maerost, anes monies fyrst, 5 wlanc wunden-loce, wagon and laeddon to ^aere beorhtan byrig, Bethuliam, helmas and hup-seax, 10 hare byrnan, gu^-sceorp gumena, golde gefrsetewod, maerra madma )7onne mon senig 15 asecgan maege, searo-)7oncelra ; eal J^aet "Sa ^eod-guman )7rymme geeodon, cene under cumblum, 20 and comp-wige, )7urh ludithe gleawe lare, maeg^ mddigre. Hi to mede hyre, 25 of 'Sam si^-fate, sylfre brohton eorlas sesc-rofe, Holofernes sweord and swatigne helm, SO swylce eac side byrnan, gerenode readum golde, and eal J^aet se rinca baldor swi^mod sinces ahte, o^^e sun dor yrfes, 35 beaga and beorhtra ma'Sma, hi |7ast J>aBre beorhtan idese, ageafon gearo-)7oncolre. Ealles "Saes ludith saegde wuldor weroda Dryhtne, 40 ]>e hyre weor^mynde geaf, maer^e on moldan rice, swylce eac mede on heofo- num, sigor-lean in swegles wuldre, ]7aBS f e heo ahte so^ne ge- leafan 45 to "Sam -Sllmihtigan, huru aet ^am ende ne tweode J7aes leanes )?e heo lange gyrnde; )7aBS sy ^am leofan Dryhtne wuldor to widan aldre, 50 ]>e gescedp wind and lyfte, roderas and rume grundas, swylce eac re]fe streamas, and swegles dreamas, )7urh his sylfes miltse. 142 THE GRAVE, A FRAGMENT. De wes bold gebyld er ]7u iboren were ; •Se wes molde imynt er "Su of moder come ; 5 ac hit nes no idiht, ne )7eo deopnes imeten ; nes gyt iloced, hu long hit "pe were : Nu me ]>e bringae'S 1 ]>er 'Su beon scealt, nu me sceal ]7e meten, and ^a mold seo'S^a : Ne bi^ no fin hus healice itinbred, 15 hit bi^ unheh and lah, )7onne J7u list ]7er-inne : •^e hele-wages beo^ lage, sid-wages unhege, ]7e rof bi^ ibyld 20 J?ire broste ful neh ; swa "Su scealt on mold wunien ful cald, dimme and deorcae : ]>et den fulaet on bond. 25 Dureleas is J^set hus, and dearc hit is wi^innen, 'Sfler ]>u bist feste bidytt, and Dse^ hef^ )?a caege : ladlic is ]78et eorS-hus, 30 and grim inne to wunien, 'Ser ]7u scealt wunien, and wurmes ]>e todele'S : Bus ^u bist ilegd, and ladaest )>ine fronden ; 35 nefst ^u nenne freond, ]>e J7e wylle faren to, ^set efre wule lokien hu )7e J?aet hus ]>e likie, "Saei aefre unddn 40 "Se wule ^a dure, and J7e aefter lihten ; for sone )7u bist ladlic, and lad to iseonne ; for sone bi-S J^in haefet* 45 faxes bireued, al bi'S "Ses faxes feirnes forsceden, naele hit nan mit fingres feing stracien * The last six lines are in a different and almost illegible hand. 143 THE HISTORY OF KING LEIR AND HIS DAUGHTERS. MS. Calig., A. 9. Bladud hafde enne sune, Leir wes ihaten, efter his fader daie, he heold ]fis drihliche lond, 5 somed an his Hue, sixti winter. He makede ane riche burh, )?urh radfuUe his crafte, . and he heo lette nemnen 10 efter him seoluan, Kaer-Leir hehte ]>e burh : leof heo wes ]?an kinge, )?a we an ure leod-quide Leir-chestre clepia^ 15 3eare a j^an holde dawen. Heo wes swi^e a^el burh, and seo'S^en ]?er seh toward swi^e muchel seorwe, J?at heo wes al forfaren, 20 )?urh )7ere leodene uael. Sixti winter hefde Leir fis lond al towelden ; J7e king hefde )?reo dohtren bi his drihhche quen ; 25 nefde he nenne sune, ]7erfore he war^ sari, his manscipe to halden, buten ]?a ]>Yeo dohtren : MS. Otho, C. 13. Bladud hadde one sone, Leir was ihote, after hisfaderheheldjjislond, in his owene bond, 5 ilaste his lif-da3es, sixti winter. He makede on riche borh, ]?orh wisemenne reade, and hine lette nemni 10 after him seolue, Kair-Leir hehte ]>e borh ; leof he was J7an king, )?e we on ure speche Le)7-chestre cleopie]? 15 in )?an eolde daiye. Hit was a borh riche, and su]7]7e ]?ar soh to swij^e moche sorwe, 20 Sixti winter hadde Leir )7is lond to welden ; fe king hadde ]?reo dohtres bi his o^e cwene ; 25 ac he nadde nanne sone, farfore he was sori, his kinedom to heolde, bote his )?reo dohtres : U4 THE HISTORY OF KING LEIR pa asldeste dohter haihte Gornoille, )7a o^er Ragan, ]7a ]?ridde Cordoille ; heo wes 'pa, 3ungeste suster, 5 a wliten aire uairest; heo wes hire fader al swa leof swa his a^ene lif. pa seldede ]>e king, and wakede on a^elan, 10 an he hine bi)?ohte wet he don mahte of his kineriche aefter his deie. He seide to him suluen, 15 )7at )7at vuel wes : Ic wille mine riche to don, and alien minen dohtren, and 3euen hem mine kine- )7eode, and twemen mine bearnen : 20 ac aerst ic wille fondien, whulchere beo mi beste fre- ondj and heo seal habbe }>at beste del of mine drihlichen Ion. pus ]>e king ]?ohte, 25 and j^eraefter he worhte ; he clepede Gornoille, his gu^ fulle dohter, vt of hire bure, to hire fader deore ; 30 and pens spac J?e aide king, pe aeldeste hehte Gor- noylle, J7e o)7er Regan, pe ]7ridde Cordoylle ; 3eo was pe 3eongestre, 5 of J^eues aire hendest ; 3eo was hire fader al so leof so his awene lif. po holdede pe king, and failede his mihte, 10 and he hine bi)7ohte wat he don mihte of his kineriche after his dai3e. He saide to him seolue, 15 ]?at pe vuel was : Ich wolle mine riche 3iue mine dohtres, 20 ac erest ich wolle fondi, wocli me mest louie, and 3eo sal habbe )7at beste deal of mine kine-londe. pus pe king j7oh, 25 and )?arafter awroh ; he cleopede Gornoille, his dohter }7at was deore, ut of hire bure, to hire fader deore ; 30 and J^us spac pe holde king AND HIS DAUGHTERS. 145 ]>er he on ae^elen seat : Sei me, Gornoille, so^ere worden, swi^e dure ]>eo eart me, 5 hu leof aem ich )7e, hu mocbel wor^ leste ]>u me to walden kineriche? Gornoille was swi^e waer, swa beo^ wifmen wel ihwaer, 10 and seide ane lesinge heore faedere )7on king : Leofe faeder dure, swa bide ic Godes are, , swa helpe me ApoUin, 15 for mini laefe is al on him, J7at leuere ]feo aert me aene ]?ane ]?is world al clane ; and 3et ic ])e wille speken wit, )?eou aert leouere )7ene mi lif, 20 and J^is ich sucge ]>e to seo^e, )?u mith me wel ileue. Leir ]fe king ilefde his dohter laeisinge, and )7as aensware 3ef, 25 )?at waes ]>e olde king : Ich )7e Gornoille seuge, leoue dohter dure, god seal beon ]?i meda for j^ina gretinge ; 30 ic earn for mire aeldde swij>e vnbalded, and |?ou me leuoste swi)?e, to Gornoille his dohter : Sei me, Gornoille, so]7ere wordes, swij?e deore ]?ou art me, 5 ou lef ham hich ]>e, hu mochel worj? holdist |?ou me to welde kineriche ? Gornoille was wel war, so beo)? wimmen wel iwar, 10 and seide one lesina: to hire fader )7e king : Leoue fader deore, so bide ich Godes ore, 15 leuere J^ou hart me one J7an al )?is worle clene ; and 3et ich );e wolle speke wid, ]?ou hart me leouere )7an mi lif, 20 and )?is ich segge ]>e to soJ;e, ]?u miht me wel ilefue. Leir |7e king ilefde his dohter lesinge, and )7us answerede 25 }>e king to his dohter : god sal beo ]>[ mede for ]>me wel dede ; 30 ich ham for min heolde mochel onbolded, and )7ou me louest swi]?ej 146 THE HISTORY OF KING LEIR mare j^an is on Hue ; ich wille mi dirhliche lond a )7roe al todalen, Yin is ]7at beste deal, 5 )7u aert mi dohter deore, and scalt habben to lauerd min aire beste J^ein j7eo ich mai uinden in mine kinne-londe. 10 ^fter spac ]>e olde kinge wit his dohter : Leoue dohter Regan, waet seist tu me to raeide ? Seie ]fu bifore mire du3den 15 heo dure ich am]7e anherten. pa answserde mid raetfulle worden : Al J7at is on liue nis nig swa dure swa me is fin an luue, ne for^e min ah3ene lif. 20 Ah heo ne seide naj^ing se^, no more )?enne hiire suste. Alle hire lesinge hire uader ilefede. pa answarede ]>e kingj 25 hiis do3ter him icwemde : pea )7ridde del of mine londe ic betake )?e an honde ; Jju scalt nime louerd J?er )7e is aire leowost. 30 pa 3et nolde )?e leod-king his sothscipe bilaeuen ; he hehte cumen him biforen more ]>an alle J^at his aliue; ich wele mi dri)7liche lond a ]7reo al to deale, J?in sal beo J7at beste deal, 5 ]?ou hart me swi)7e deore, and )7ou salt habbe to louerd min aire beste man J7at ich mawe ifinde in mine kine-londe. 10 Eft spac ]>e holde king wid his o];er dohter : Leoue dohter Regan, )7ou me to reade? Sei bifore mine men 1 5 ou deore ich )?e ham. po answerede 360 mid worde and noht mid heorte: al |?at his on liue nis me alf so deore ^ ^ * 20 * * * 25 * * # take ]fe an hond nime louerd )7ar ]?e his leuest. 30 pe 3et nolde ]>e king his folie blene ; he hehte come him bifore AND HIS DAUGHTERS. 147 his dohter Cordoille ; heo was aire 3ungest, of so^e 3aer witelest, and ]fe king heo louede more 5 fanne ba tueie ]>e o^re. Cordoille iherdej^a lasinge ]>e hire sustren seiden )?on kinge ; nom hire leafFulne huie )?at heo li3en nolden, 10 hire fader heo wolde suge seo^, were him lef were him la^. peo que^ ]?e aide king, • unra^ him fulede : Iheren ich wille 15 of ]7e Cordoille, sua ]>e helpe Appollin, hu deore ]>e beo lif min. pa answarede Cordoille, lude and nowiht stille, 20 mid gomene and mid lehtre, to hire fader leue : peo art meleof al so mi faeder, and ich ]?e al so ]>i dohter ; ich habbe to ]fe sohfaste loue, 25 for we buo^ swij^e isibbe, and swa ich ibide are, ich wille ]fe suge mare, al swamuchel )7ubistworieh, swa ]>u welden aert, 30 and al swa muchel swa ]>u hauest, men )?e wuUet luuien. his dohter Cordoille ; 3eo was aire 3eongest, of worde aire so]7est, and ]7e king hire louede 5 more ]7an )7e tweie o)7er. Cordoille iherde Ipe lesing )7at hire sostres seide j^an kinge ; nam hire la)7folne oj? )7at 36 lege nolde, 10 hire fader 3eo wolde segge so)?, were him leof were him lo]?. po cwa)? ]}e holde king, onread him folwede : Ich wolle ihiren of )?e, 15 Cordoille mi dohter, so )7e helpe Appolin, ou deore )?e his lif min. po answerede Cordoille, loude and noht stille, 20 mid game and mid lihtre, to hire fader leoue : pou hartt me ase min fader, and ich ase J^in dohter, # * * * 25 * * * * and so ich abide ore, ich wolle segge ]?e more, al so mochel )7ou hart wor)?, ase ])o\i hart weldende, 30 and wile ho)7t afest. men ]>e wolle]? louie l2 148 THE HISTORY OF KING LEIR for sone heo biS ila3e^, ]7e mon ]>e lutel ah. pus seide ]>e maeiden Cor- doille, and seo^^en set swij7e stille. 5 pa iwar^e ]>e king waer^, for he nes ]>eo noht iquemed, and wende on is J>onke, J7aht hit weren for un^eawe, ]?at he hire weore swa un- wour^, 10 J?at heo hine nold iwur^i, swa hire twa sustren, ]?e ba somed laesinge speken. pe king Leir iwer^e swa blac, swilch hit a blac clo^ weiren 15 iwger^ his hude and his heo we, for he w^as su]7e ihaermed, mid ]>ere wrae^^e he waes isweued, J7at he feol i swowen ; late feo he up fusde, 20 )?at maeiden wes afeared, ]7a hit alles up brae, hit wes vuel J^at he spac : Haerne Cordoille, ich ]>e telle wille mine wille ; 25 of mine dohtren )?u were me durest, nu ]>u eaert me arle lasses : ne scalt )?u naeuer halden dale of mine lande ; for sone hi beo)? \o]>e, pe men ])e lutel o^e]f. pus seide )?at maide Cor- doille, and s\])]>e sat stille. 5 po iwarj? fe king wro)?, for he nas no)?t icw 10 15 mid )7are wrej^fe he was igre- mid, ]7at hi fuUe hi swo^e ; late ]70 upfusde, 20 ]7at maide was afered, ]7o hit alles upbrac, hit was vuel ]?at he spac : Hercne Cordoille, ich wolle segge pe mine wille; 25 of mine dohtres )7ou were me leouest, nou ]?ou hart me aire lo)7est : ne salt J?ou neuere holde deal of mine londe ; AND HIS DAUGHTERS. 149 ah mine dohtren ic wille delen mine riche, and ]?u scalt worsen warchen, and wonien in wansi^e, 5 for nauere ich ne wende J7at J?u me woldes )?us scan- den, J^arfore. ]>u scalt beon daed ic wene : fli3 ut of min eseh-sene, J^ine sustren scuUen habben mi kinelond, 10 and J?is me is iqueme ; ]>e due of Cornwaile • seal habbe Gornoille, and )7e Scottene king Regan "pat scone ; 15 and ic hem 3eue al )?a winne ]fe ich aem waldinge oner. And al ]>e aide king dude swa he hafuede idemed. Of wes ]7en maeidene wa, 20 and naeure vvors )7enne ]>a, wa hire wes on mode, for hire faeder waerj^e ; heo uende into hire boure, )7ar heo ofte saette sare ; 25 for heo nolde li3en hire fader leoue. pat maide wes swi^en swomefest, for hire fader heo scunede, and dude ]>ene beste red ; ac mine two dohtre solle habbe mine riche, and fou salt wonie wreche, and wonie ine wowe, 5 for neuere ich ne wende |7at ]?ou me woldest )?us sende, )7ar fore )7ou salt dei3e ich wene : fleo vt of mine eh-scene, J^ine sostres sulle habbe mi lond, 10 and ]?is me his icweme; ])e duk of Cornwale sal habbe Gornoille, and )?e Scottene king Regan ]>e scene ; 15 and ich 3am giue alle )?e winne )7at ich ham ouer weldenne. And pe holde king dude ase he hadde ideniid. Ofte was ]?ane maide wo, 20 and neuere worse J>ane ]>o, wo hire was on mode, for hire fader wre]7]7e ; 3eo code into bure, and ofte si)7te sore ; 25 for 3eo nolde le3e hire fader leue. pat maide was swi)7e sam- uast, and hire fader sonede, and dude J7ane beste read ; 150 THE HISTORY OF KING LEIR in hire bare heo abed, and folede J^ene mod-kare, and mornede swi)7e, and ]?us ane stonde 5 hit stod ae ^on ilka. In France wes a king riche and swi^e kene, Aganippes wes ihaten, hsele^en he wes aeldere ; 10 he wes a 3enge king, ah quene nauede he nane. He sende hiis sande into J>isse lande, to Leir ]?an king, 15 and leofliche hine gret; he bsed hine don is iwille, 3euen him Cordoille, and he heo wolde habben has3e to are quene, 20 and aefter hire don aerest, ]7at hire were aire leofust : feor haueden li^ende men ispeken of )7an maeidene fei3ernesse and freoscipe 25 atforen )?an Frensce kinge, of hire mucla faeira wlita, of hire muchela monschipe, hu heo wes )7olemod of faeire hire j^eaewen, 30 ]?at nes on Leir kinges lond nan wifman al swa hende. And the king Aganippus igrette Leir kin )?us. Leir kin hine bij^ohte. and in hire bure abod, and |7olede )?ane mod-care, and mornede swi)7e, and J?us one stunde 5 hit stod a fam ilke. In France was a king riche and swij^e kene, Aganippus was ihote, folke he was eldere ; 10 he was a 3ong king, ac ewene nafde he none. He sende his sonde in to )?isse londe, to Leir J>ane king, 15 and faire hiija grette; bad hine don his wille, 3efe him Cordoille, and he hire wolde habbe he3e to cwene, 20 and don aire erest, fat hire were aire fairest : for hafde sdpe men ispeke of )7am maiden bifore ]?an Frence king, 25 of hire ]>e of hire mochele fairsipe, of hire mochele mansipe, ou 3eo was ]7olemod of faire hire 'peues, 30 J^at nas in Leir kinges lond, womman half so hende. And king Aganippus igrette Leir ]>e king )7us. Leir king hine bi]7oht, AND HIS DAUGHTERS. 151 wat he don mohte ; he letten writen a writ, and wel hit lette dihten, and sende hit bi his sonde 5 in Franncene londe : pus spec ]7es kinges writ, hit wes widen icu^ : pe king of Bruttaine ]>e Leir is haten, 10 grete^ Aganippus ]7ene aldere of Fraunce : Wor^schepe haue )?u yire wel deda, and yire feire sonde, lj5 fat grete J7u me woldest : ac ic do )7e wel to witene, haer bi mine writ rith, )?at mi drihlice lond atwa ich habbe ideled, 20 i3euen hit mine twam doh- tren, ]fe me beoh swi^e deore. Dohter ich habbe J;a j^ridda, ac ne raecche ich waer heo libbe ; for heo me forhuste, 25 and heo hold me for haene, and for mire halde, heo me heo make me swaswi]?ewra^, fe worse hire seal iwur'Sen ; 30 of alle mine londe, ne of alle mine leode, )7e ich auere bi^eat, wat he don mihte ; he lette writen a writ, wel mid fan beste, and sende bi his sonde 5 into France londe : pus spac feos kinges writ, hit was wide cuf : pe king of Britaine fat Leir his 10 gretef Aganippus king of France : Worsipe haue fou for fine wilninge, and fine faire sonde, 1 5 fat grete f ou me woldest : do ich . . f e wel to wite, her rift bi mine write, fat mi drihtlice lond a two ich habbe idealed, 20 i3euet mine two dof tren, fat beof me swif e deore. Dohter ich habbe f e f ridde, ac ne rech ic ware 36 libbe ; for 3eo me forho3ede, 25 and held me for wrecche. and wraffede me swif e, f e worse hire sal worf e ; 30 fat of alle mine londe, ne of alle mine leode, fat ich euere bi^et. ]52 THE HISTORY OF KING LEIR oSer bi^ete maeie, ich ]>e sucge so^ riht na seal heo habbe nawiht : ac 3ef )?u heo wult habben, 5 for maeide heo is hende, ich heo wulle ]7e bewiten, andsendenha]7e in anescipe, mid seoluen hire cla^en, of me naf ^ heo na more ; 10 gif )?u heo wult underfon, al yis ilka ich wulle don ; iseid ich habbe ]>ene grund, and )7u seolf wurS alhisund. pis writ com to Frannce 1 5 to ]7an freo kinge ; he hit lette raden, leof him weren ]?a runen : fa wende "pe kinge J;at hit were for vuele, 20 }>at Leir kinge hire fasder heo him wolde atleden and he mochul a )7a wodeloker wilnede }>eos maeidenes, and seide to is bornen, 25 ]7at wes ]fe bisie king : Ich eam riche mon inoh, )7at na mare ich ne recche ; ne seal neuere Leir king J7at maeiden me attlede, 30 ac ich heo wulle habben, to haen3enne are queue ; habben heore fader al is lond, al hiis seoluer and is gold, dpev bi3ete mawe, ich ]?e segge soj? riht, ne sal 3eo habbe nowij^t : ac 3if )7ou hire wold habbe, 5 maide 3eo his hende, ich )7e wole hire biwete, and sende hire in one sipe, , mid seolue hire cloJ>ing, of me 3eo nafe]? na more ; 10 gif )7ou hire wolt vnderfon, al J^is ich wolle don ; iseid ich habbe ]>ane grund, and )7ou ])i seolf far hoi and sund. pis writ com to France 15 to kinge; he hit lette rede, leof him were ]?e roune : ]>o wende pe welde king fat hit were for gyle, 20 fat Leir king hire fader nelde hire him lene, 25 ne sal Leir fe king fat maiden ... atlede, 30 ac ich hire wolle habbe, to e3e cwene ; habbe hire fader al his lond, and his seoluer and his gold, AND HIS DAUGHTERS. 153 ne bidde icli nanne ma^mes, me seolf ich habben 10036, bute )7at maeiden Cordoille ; )7enrje habbe ich mine wille. 5 Mid writ and mid worde, he sende eft to yisse londe, and bad Leir kinge him sende his dohter ]>e waes hende, and he vvolde wel don, 10 mid muchele wpr^escipeheo underfon. pa nom ]>a, olde king ae^ele his meiden, mid seoluen hire elates, and lette heo fo^e li^en 15 ofer )7a stremes; hire fader hire wes sturne. Aganippus )?e Frennsce king underfeng yis meiden child, al hiis folc hit wes iqueme, 20 and makeden heo to quene, and )?us heo fer bilefde, leof heo wes )?on leoden. And Leir king hire faeder luuede i ^isse londe, 25 and hadde i3euen is twain dohtren al his drihliche leand ; He 3ef Gornoille Scotlondes kinge, he haehte Maglaunus, 30 his maehte weren store, ne bid ich nojjing of his, inoh ich habbe mi seolue, bote )7at maide Cordoille ; ]7an ich habbe mine wille. 5 Mid writ and mit worde, he send eft to J^isse londe, and bad Leir king him sende his dohter J7at was hende, and he hire wolde vnderfon, 10 apd moche mansipe hire don. po nam Ipe holde king Cordoille ]7at maide, mid seolue hire clo)7ing, and lette hire for]? wende 15 ouer see stremes ; hire fader was sterne. Aganippus )?e Frence king J^is maide faire vnderfeng, and al his folk hit was icweme, 20 )7at 3eo were cwene, and J7us 3eo )7are bileofde, leof 3eo was )7an folke. And Leir king hire fader liuede in yisse londe, ne * * * kinedome; He 3af. oille To Scottene king, he hihte Maglaudus, 30 his mihtes weren store, 154 THE HISTORY OF KING LEIR Cornwailles duke Regan is dohter. pai lomp hit seo^^e, sone J^ar aefter, 5 )7at ]?e Scottene king and )7e duk speken toga'Sere, mid heore stil rune, nomm hem to reda, )7at heo wolden al J^is lond 10 habben on heora hond, and feden Leir )7ane king, "pe while ]7e he leouede, daeies and nihtes, mid feowerti hired cnihtes ; 15 and heo him wolden finden hauekes and hundes, J7at he mihte riden 3eond alle )7anne )7eoden5 and libben on lisse, 20 ]?e while ]>e he leouede. pus heo ]?a ispeken, and eft hit tobreken, and Leir king hit iherde, and eft him wes 'pe worsse : 25 and Leir gan li^^e to Scottenae leoda, mid Maglaune his a^ume, and mid pere eldre dohtre : me vnderfenge pene king 30 mid mochele feirnusse, and wel me him dihte mid feowerti hire cnihdtes, mid horsen and mid hundes, And to Cornwales Duke Regan his dohter. pa ifulle ppe, sone )7ar hafter, 5 )>at pe Scottene king and fe duk speken togadere, mid hire stille rouning, nemen heom to reade )7at hii wolde al J^is lond 10 habbe to hire owene hond, and feode Leir J^ane king, wile pat he leofede, dai3es and ni]?tes, mid fourti cni)7tes ; 15 and we him woUe]? finde hauekes and hundes, fat he mai ride ouer al pe |7eode, and libbe ine blisse, 20 pe wile fat he libbe)?. pus i fo speken, and eft hit tobreken, and Leir king was wel ipaid, and eft onlikede : 25 and Leir king wende to Scottene kinge, to Maglaude his ofom, and to his heldesie dohter ; me vnderfeng fane 30 mid his fourti cniftes, and hire hors and hire atyr, AND HIS DAUGHTERS. 155 mid al ]?at him biheovede. pa hilomp hit seoS^en, seone ]>er after, J7e Gornoille bi)?ohte 5 whet heo don mihte : heore ]7uhte sw'ipe eille of ae^elene hire fasdere, and heo. hit bigan to mainen to Maglaune hire louerde, 10 and seide him ibedde, J7er heo leiin iueore : Seie me, mi lauerd, monne ]>u ert me leouest ; me ]?miche^ ]>at mi faeder 15 nis nowhit felle; no he wiirhscipe ne can, his wit he haiiet bileued ; me )7unche^ fe aide mon wole dotie nou nan. 20 Hehaltherefauwerticnihtes, daies and nihtes, he haueht her ]7as j^eines, and alle heore swaines, hundes and hauekes ; 25 j7eruore we habbet harmes, andd nowher heo ne spedet, and auere heo spene^, and al J^at goud )7at we hem do^, heo hit blu^eliche vnderfo^, 30 and cunnen us undone, for ure wel dede ; heo do^ muchel bisemaere, ure men hi tobetet : gnd al ]7at ham bihouede. po bifullet se]>]>e, sone ]7ar after, J?at Gornoille bi)7ohte 5 wat 3eo don mihte : hire ]7ohte sw'ipe eil of hire fader cnihtes, and 3eo began to mene to Maglaude hire louerd, 10 and seide hit in bedde, J7ar )7at leien : Sei me mi louerd manne me leofest me )7unche)? )7at mi fader 15 nis noj^t vele; no worsipe he ne can, his wit he hauej? bileued ; 20 He halt here fourti cnij7tes, dai3es and ni]7tes, he halt here his sweynes. 25 )7arfore we habbe]? harmes. al ]7at god ]>e we heom do)?, hii hit biofeliche vnderfo)?, 30 and ne come vs bote vn)7ong, for hure wel deade ; hii do)? hus mochel bismare, hure men hi tobete)? : 156 THE HISTORY OF KING LEIR mi fader hauet to monie of idele manne ; ale )?a feorSe dale lete we for fuse ; 5 inoli he hauet on ]?irti, to )7irngen to horde ; vs selve we hebbet cokes to quecchen to cuchene, vs sulue we habbet bermen 10 and birles inowe ; lete we sum ]?is mochele folc fare wher ha wuUe^ ; swa ich aeuere ibiden are, i'Solien nulle ich hit mare. 15 pis iherde Maglaunus )?at is quene spilede J?us ; and he hire andswarede mid ae^elere spiche : Leiuedi Jju haues mochel wouh, 20 nauest J?u richedom inoh ? Ah hald ]?ine faeder on lisse, ne luue^e he nowiht longe ; for, gef ferrene kinges hi herde )7a tidinde, 25 ]>e we swa takede him on, heo us w olden taslen. Ah late we hine welden his folc on his willen ; and ]7is rain a^e raed is, 30 for sone heraefter he be"S dead, and ac we habben in ure bond, mi fader haue)? to manie of idele men ; al J>at feorj^e deal lete we for]? fuse ; hus seolf we habbe]? cocus to cwecche to kichene, hus seolf we habbe]? bermen 10 and borles inowe; lete we som ]?is mochele folk fare woder i woUe]? ; so ich euere ibide ore, ich hit nele ]?olie more. lb pis iherde Maglaudus ]?at )?e cwene spak ]?us ; and hire answerede mid his gode speche : Leafdi ]?ou hauest wo]?, 20 nauest ]?ou richedom ino]? ? Ac hold ym fader in blisse, ne Hue]? he no]?t lange ; for, gef honcu]?e kinges hii here]? soche ]?inges, 25 J?at we so take him on, hii hus woUe]? shende. Ac lete we him habbe his folk at his wille ; and J?is his min owene read, SO for sone herafter he wor]? dead, and eke we habbe]? in hure bond, AND HIS DAUGHTERS. 157 al half is kine lond. pa seide Gornoille : Lauerd beo J^eu stille, let me al iwur]?en, 5 andichhamwulleatwailden. Heo sende mid hire ginne to )7are cnihtene inne; heo hahte hem faren here waei, for heo nolden hem no more feden, 10 moni of )7en j^einen, monie of ]>en swennen, "pe )?ider weren icumene mid Leir )?anne kinge. pis iherde Leir king, 15 farfore he wes swu]7e wrah ; ]?ai 3edede |7e king mid 3emeliche worden, and ]7us seide ]>e kinge, sorhful on mode : 20 Wa wor^e )7an monne ]>e lond haue^e mid menske, and bitachet hit is childe J7ewhile)7ehemai hit walden; for ofte hit ilimp^, 25 fat eft hit him ofj^inche^. Nu ich wulle hunne faren for^ rihte to Cornwalen ; 3ernen ich wulle raedes, to Raegan mire dohter, 30 ]?e hauede Hemeri ])e due and mi drihliche lond. Forhd ]>e king wende, haluen del his kine lond. So seide Gornoille : Louerd beo )7ou stille, let me al iwor... 5 and ich him wolle awilde. Jeo sende al mid ginne to )7are cnijjten hinne ; and hehte 3am faren hire wai: Na more we nolle)? 30U feode. 10 pis iherde Leir )?e king, 15 and wra)7)7ede him swij^e, and seide j^eos wordes, sor3fulle on mode : 20 Wo wor)7e ]>ane man )7at lond haue)? to wille, and take]? hit his child ye wile )?e hit mai holde ; for hofte hit bifallej?, 25 )?at eft hit him aj?inche)?. Nou ich wolle hinne fare ri)?t into Cornwale ; 3ern ich wolle reades, of Regan mine dohter, 30 )?at auej? Amari J?e Duk and half min kineriche. For)? )?e king wende. 158 THE HISTORY OF KING LEIR into )7aii su^ ende, to Regan is dochter, for raedes him trukeden. pa he to Cornwale com, 5 he wes feire )7er vnderfon, swa al )7et halue ^er mid al his hirede he wes J7er. pa seide Regan, to hire due Hemeri : 10 Lauerd, heme ]7u me, to fulle so)?e ic sucge hit ]>e ; we habbet idon unwisdom, )7at we mine fader habbet vnderfon, mid wirtti cnihten ; 15 hit nis me noht iqueme : do we awai |7ane twenti ; a tene beo^ inoh^e : for al heo dringket and ete'S, and na god heo ne bi3ete^. 20 pa seide Hemeri ]>e due, fe his aide fader biswake : Swa ich easuere beo on liue, ne seal he habben beote fine; for ]?er he hauet hir^ hinoh, 25 for he nauyt no do^ ; and 3ef he wille henne faren, fuse we hine sone. Al heo ispedden ase heo ispeken hafden ; 30 binomen him is do^e^e, and al his drihliche folc ; nolden heo him bileafuen into )7an su)? ende, to Regan his dohter, for reades him trokede. po he to Cornwale com, 5 he was faire vnderfon, so )7at al )7at alue 3er mid alle his cnihtes he wo- nede J7er. pa seide Regan to Armari hire louerd : 10 Hercne, louerd, to me, to foUe so)7e ich segge ]7e ; we habbe)? idon onwisdom, J>at we mine fader habbe)? vnderfon, mid ]7us maine cni]7tes ; 15 hit nis me noht icweme : do we iwei alle bote ten beo|? inowe ; for alle hiidringe)? and hete)?, and no god hii ne bi3ete)7. 20 po seide Ameri ]7e duk, |7at his hold fader ... . oc : So ich euere beo ne sal he habbe bote ... fiue; for ]7aron he habbe)? inoh, 25 for hii no)?ing no do)? ; and 3if he wolle hinne fare, fuse we hine ... 'pe. Allhi..de... ase he speke adde ; 30 binomen him his cni)7tes and al hire sweines nolden hi him bilefue AND HIS DAUGHTERS. 159 cnihtes beoton fiue. pis iseh fe Leir king, wa wes him on liue, his mod him gon mengen, 5 he mor^nede swi^e, and ]>as worde seide mid seorhful lelaichen : Wela weolla wella ! hu]7ubiswikest monine mon: 10 )?enne he )7e treowe'Se aire best on, J^enne biswikes tu heom. Nis hit nowit ^are, noht fulle twa 3ere, , ]7at ich was a riche king 15 and held mine cnihtes: nu ich habben ibiden, J7at ich bare sitte, wunnen biraeued ; wa is me on liue ! 20 Ich wes at Gornoille, mire godfulle dohter ; wuden on hire leoden mid ]7ritti cnihtes, J?e 3et ich mihte libben, 25 ah )7enne igonne li^en, ich wende swi'Se wel to don, ac wurse ich habbe vnderfon ; a3en ich wulle to Scotte, to scone mire docter, 30 3ernen hira milcea, bidden heo me vnderfon mid mine fif cnihten ; cni)?tes bote viue. pis iseh Leir J?e king, wo was him aliue, his mod him gan mengi, 5 he mornede swi)>e, and ]7eos word seide mid sorfol speche: Wele wele wele wele ! ou j7ou beswikest mani man: 10 wan hii ]?e troue)? aire best, )7an J70u heom biswikest. Nis noht 3are, noht fulle two 3ere, J7at ich was a riche king 15 and welde mine cni)?tes: nou ich habbe ibede)7ane dai )7at ich bar sitte of gode bireued ; wo his me aliue ! 20 Ich was mid Gornolle, mine leofue dohter ; ich wonede on hire londe mid )7rittie cnihtes, fe 3et ich m'ipte libbe 25 a sommere wise ; ac ich wende bet habbe idon, and gan J7anne wende, ac worse ich habbe onderfon, agein ich wole to Scotlond and seche mine dohter, 30 and bidde hire milse, bid hire me onderfon mid mine fif cnihtes; 160 THE HISTORY OF KING LEIR J^er ich wulle wunie, and ]>o\[e feos waenen ane lutele stunde, for ne libbe ich nowiht longe. 5 Leir ]?e king wende forh to is dohter wunede nor^. Fulle ]>re nihtes heo haerabarewude hine, and is cnihtes : J heo swor a )?ane ferj^e daei, hi al heuenliche main, )7atne sculde hehabben mare, bute enne knicte )7ere ; and 3ef he )7et nolde, 15 ferde wuder he wolde. Wei oft wes Leir wa, and neuere wurs J?anne ]7a ; fa seide ]>e aide king, asruu he was on herten : 20 Wallan dae^, wela das^, ]>at J^u me nelt fordemen ! SCO'S seide Cordoille, for cu^ hit is me nou)?e, mi 3engestte dohter, 25 heo was me wel dure, seo'S^en heo me wes lead est, for heo me seiden aire sohust, J7at he bi^ vnwor^ and lah, fe mon J7e litul ah ; 30 and ich nas na wurdra, }7enne ich [nes] weldinde ; ouer soh seiden ]?at ^unge wifmon, hire folwe^ mochel wisdom. J^are ich wolle wonie, and )?olie wo we ane littele ... ne libbe ich no)7t longe 5 ... king verde for]? to his wonede nor)?. FoUe ^reo nij?tes 3eo herbor3tde him and his cni]?tes: 10 3eo iswor a )?an feor)? dai, bi al heuenliche maine )?at ne sol ... habbe more bote one cni]?t )7a ... and ^ef he )?at nolde, 15 fare woder so wolde. Wel ofte was Leir wo, ac neuere worse ]?ane ]?o : ]?o seide Leir )?e king, wo him was on heorte : 20 Wo la dea]?, wo la dea}?, )7at )?ou me nelt fordeme ! So)? seide Cordoille, for cu)? hit his me nou)?e, mi 3eongeste dohter, 25 )?at was me wile deore, seo)?)?e 3eo was me lo)?est, for 3eo me seide so)?est, )?at he his onwor)? and lo)?, )?e man )?at lutel o^e]) ; 30 and ich nas no wor)?ere, )?an ich was god habben ; so)? seide )?e 3ong wimmon, hire folwe)? moche wisdom. AND HIS DAUGHTERS. 161 pa wile )?e ich haeuede mi kinelond, luueden me mine leoden, for mine londe and for mine feo, [cneo : mine eorles fiille to mine 5 nu ich aem a wrecche mon, 5 ne leouet-me no mon for )7an ; Ah mi dohter me seide seoh, for nou ich hire ileue inoh, and batwa hire susteren 10 lasinge me seiden, 10 J^at ich ham wes swa leof, leuere )7enne hire a3e lif ; and Cordoille mi dohter doh3e)7e me seide, 1 5 )?at heo me leouede swa feire 1 5 swa monnes fader scolde : Wet wold ich bidde mare of mire dohter dure? Nu ich wullen faren feor^S, 20 and ouer sae fusen, 20 ihiren of Cordoille wat beon hire wille ; hire seoh^e word ich nam to grame, )?ar fore ich habbe nu mu- chele scame ; 25 for nu ich mot bisecchen 25 ]?at Ymg )7at ich aer forhowede, nule heo me do na wurse )?anne hire lond forwurnen. Leir ferde to ]>ere S3b mid ane alpie swein, M pe wile ich hadde min kine- lond, louede me mi leode, for mi lond and mi feo, eorles fulle to mi cneo : nou ich ham a wrecche man, ne loue)? me no man for fan; Ac mi dohter me seide so]?, for ich hire ileue ino)?, bo|7e two hire sostres lesing me seide, fat ich ham was so leof ase hire 03ene lif; and mi 3onge dohter Cordoille me seide, )7at 3eo me loue wolde so man his fader solde : Wat wolde ich bidde more of mine dohter deore ? Nou ich woUe faren for]?, and ouer see fusi, hihire of Cordoille wat beo hire wille ; hire so]? word ich nam to grame, )7ar fore ich habbe nou mo- chel same ; for nou ich mot biseche ]7at ich her foro3ede; nele 3eo me no worse ]7ane hire lond werne. Leir ferde to J^are see mid on alpi sweine. 162 THE HISTORY OF KING LEIR into ane schipe he bicom, ne icnwo hine no mon : ouer sea i comen, hauene sone anomen. 5 For^ wende }>e king Leir, nauede he bute enne swein ; hi axeden )?a quene, ]7at heo comen hire aneweste. Tahten heom leode, 10 wer wes J^es londes quene. Leir king wende on anne feld, and reste hine on folden ; and is swien he for^ sende, ]7e wes iradmon hende, 1 5 to ]7ere quene Cordoille, and seide hire wel stille : . Hail wur^]7u,feire quene; ich earn J^ines fader sweine, and )?i uader is hider ikomen, 20 for al is lond is him bino- men: beo^ ba )7ine sustren touward him forsworene ; he cume^ for neode into }>isse leode ; 25 and help him nu for ]>u miht, he is ]>i fader, alse hit is riht. pe quene Cordoille seaet longe swi)7e stille; heo iward reod eon hire benche, [scenche, 30 swilche hit were of wine and ]>e swain saet at hire faeit, into one sipe he bicom, ne icnew hine no man: ouer see hii comen, and hauene hi nomon. 5 For)? wende ]>e king Leir, nadde he bote one sweine ; hii axede after ^e cwene, )?at hii anewest come. 10 Leir king wende on an feld, and reste his weri bones ; and his sweyn he for)? sende, )?at was hiredman hende, 1 5 to )7are cwene Cordoille, and seide hire wel stille : Hayl wor )7ou, cwene ; ]?i fader ])e grette, and he his hider to ]>e icome, 20 for al his lond his him bi- nome: beo)? bo)7e )?ine sostres toward him forsworene; he his icome for neode into yme )7eode ; 25 help him nou for )7ou miht, he his)?i fader, and hit his riht. pe cwene Cordoille long sat stille ; 30 AND HIS DAUGHTERS. 163 sone J^er after him wes ]>e bet ; pa alles uppe abraec, hit wes god pat heo spaec. ApoUin mi lauer, ich )7an- kie pe, 5 j^atmifaeder isicumme tome: tidinge ich ihire leoue, ]7at mi fader on liue is ; of me he habben seal goudne resed bute ich beo pe ra^er ded. 10 Seie me nuj^e leo swein, and harne mine lare ; Ich pe wulle bitache a male rich, peni3es )?er buod anfunda, 15 to iwise an hundrad pmida ; ich bitaeche pe anne haengest godna and strongna, to laeden )7is garisume to leuene mine fadere ; 20 and seie him fat ich hinegret god ere gretinge, and hatine fare swij^e to hare feire bur3e, and rumen him herberia, 25 i summe riche burie, and bugge him aire errust jjat him wes aire leouust, metes and drinches and hende cla-Ses, 30 hundes and hauekes and dure\\airSe horses : halke in is heose fo hit halles vpbrac, hit was god J?at 3eo spac. tiding ich ihire lefue, fat mi fader his aliue; of me he sal habbe godne read bote ich pe rafer be dead. 10 Ich pe wolle bitake one male riche, far beof farine ifunde, 1 5 to iwisse an hundred pound. Led f ou fis garisom to lefue mine fader ; 20 and sei fat ich hine grette Godes gretinge, and hoten fare swif e to somme he^e borwe, and nimen him on in, 25 riches of alle, and bigge him aire erest fat him his aire leuest, metes and dringes and riche clof es, 30 hundes and hauekes and hors mid f e beste : holde in his house M 2 164. THE HISTORY OF KING LEIR feuwerd hired cnihtes he3e and riche, bihongen mid raeue; makie him god baid, 5 and ofte hine ba^ie, and him blod lete lutlen and ofte. Wenne ]fu wult more suluer, saeche hit at me suluen ; 10 and ich him wulle senden inoh of j^isse ende, swa neuer he ne cu^e of his aide cu^^e, cnihte ne sweine, 1 5 ne nauer nanne ]7eine. penne feowerti dawes beo^ agan, J^enne cu^e he anan to leiie mine lauerd )7at Leir is an is londe, 20 icume ouer sae streme to isen is eastresse : and ich hit wulle swa nimen, alse ich hine nusten li^en him t03aenes 25 mid mine lauerde, fainen mines lauerdes, and is faeirliche cume, nute hit neuere nane gume, butenhebeo neowene icume, 30 and )7us hit writen sende to mine lauerd kinge ; and ]>u )?as aehte onfo, and loca ]>at ]>u wel do ; fourti cnihtes, makie hine god bed, 5 and ofte hine ba)?ie, and him blod lete Intel and ofte. Wan )7ou wolt mor seoluer, feche hit mi seolue ; 10 and ich wolle sende inoh of yisse hende, so )7at neuere he ne cufe of his hoi cu)?]7e. 15 Are fourti dai3es beo agon. fanne cu)7e he hit anon to leofue mine louerd )?at Leir his in londe, 20 icomen ouer see strem to speken wid his dohter : and ich hit wole so nime, ase ich noht nuste.... 25 nute hit ne icome, 30 and J^us sende to mine ... )7ou J7is seoluer ... and lok fat fou wel do ; AND HIS DAUGHTERS. 165 and 3ef ]>u heo j?us dalest, to godere )7ire hsele. And ]7e swein onfeng )7as ahte, and to his louer ferde, 5 to Leir ]7on kinge, and seide fas tidinge, J7er he laei on felde, and reste hine on folde. Sone wer^ ])e aide king 10 wunliche ias^eled, and ]7as wuord seide mid so^ere stefuene : After vuele cume^ god, ■ wel is him Ipe hit habbe mot. 1 5 Heo ferden to hare ae3ene burh, ase J7e quene haehte ; and al heo iduden efter hire lare. pe for^ wuren agan 20 feuwerti da3ene, )7on nom Leir )7e king is leouste cnihtes, and gret Aganippum )?at was his leue a^um ; 25 and seide him bi his sond, ]>et icume he wes to is londe to speken wit his dohter, ]>e wes him swu^e dure. Aganippus wes blij^e 30 J>et Leir wes cumen li^en ; ferde him t03enes pes swein anhi^inge wende to his louerd, - 5 to Leir )7ane king, and seide him J^eos tiding, ]7ar he lai on felde, and reste him for wowe. 10 po he horde feos tiding, )?o seide Leir ]>e king : After vuel come)? god, wel his him )?e hit bide mot. 15 Hii verde to one borwe, alse )7e cwene hehte; and al hii duden after hire lore. po for]? weren ago 20 fourtie dai3es5 J)on nam Leir ]>e king his leofest cnihtes, and grette Aganippum his leuest o]7om ; 25 and sende bi his sonde, )7at icome he was to his londe to speken wi)? his dohter, )7at him was swife deore. Aganippus was bli)7e 30 )7at Leir was icomen li|7e ; ferde him to^eines 166 THE HISTORY OF KING LEIR mid alle his j^eines and fa quene Cordoille. pa hauede Leir is wille : Heo comen togadere, and ofte heo custen. Heo uenden to bur3e, 5 blisse wes an hirede, fer wes bemene song, J?ere )7eden pipen among, al weren )?e hallen bihongen mid pellen, 10 alle ]>ai mete-burdes ibrusted mid golde; [ringes of golde] aelc mon hafte on honde ; mid fi)7elen and mid harpen 15 haele^es ]>er sungen, lette ]?e king gan awal, and lude clepien oueral, and seide )?at Leir kin icume wes to Ion den. 20 Nu hate^ Aganippus, ]>e is ]fe he^est ouer us, )7at 3e Leir king alle wur^e li^e, and seal beon eouwer lauerd 25 inne J^issere leoden, al swa fele 3ere swa he wonien wuUe here, and Aganippus ure king swal beon is vnderling ; 30 wha swa wulle libba, aide fas sibba ; mid alle his cniftes an(} pe cwene Cordoille. po hadde Leir his wille Hii comen togadere, and wel ofte custe. Hii verde to borwe, 5 far blisses were riue. alle were fe halles bihonge mid palles, 10 alle fe mete-bordes ibrustled mid golde; ringes of golde ech man hadde an honde ; mid fifele and mid harpes 15 * * * 20 25 and Aganippus hour king wole beo his vnderling ; 30 wo so wole libbe, holde fus sibbe ; AND HIS DAUGHTERS. 167 and 3ef o man hit wille bre- ken, on ueste it bi^ iwreken ; and wite alle he is mon, ]7at he here haldet on. 5 pa answareda ]>a du3ej7a : Don we, hit wullet, lude and stille, al )7es kinges wille. pur^out al ]7at ulke 3er 10 heo duden al ]fus her, raid much el re sibba, mid mochele aere seahte. pa ]?eos 3er wes agon, ]?a wold Leir king fare ham, 15 to J^isse londe li^en, and 3ernde ]?eos kinges leue. pe king Aganippus answerede him ]7us : Ne scalt ]?u neuere j^ider faren 20 bute mochelere ferde : ah ich J7e wulle lanen, of mine leode folc, fif hundred schipes ifuUed mid cnihten, 25 and al )7at heom bihoue^ to habben on fore : and yme dohter Cordoille, )?a is fisse londes queue, heo scall mid mochelre ferde 30 farrien mid J7e, an li]7en to J7em louden and 3if eni man hit wole breke, the king him wole wel a- wreke. 5 po answerede )?at folk : Don we hit wolle]?, lude and stille, al J^e kinges wille. por]? vt al )7at ilke 3er 10 hii dude al ]7us )?er. po ]>at 3ier was agon, ]>o wolde Leir king faren hom. 15 pe king Aganippus answerede Leir )7us : Ne salt ]fou neuere |7ider fare 20 bute mochel ferde : ac ich ]fe woUe lene, of mine gode cni)7tes, fif hundred sipes ifuUed mid J^an beste, 25 and al )7at heom bihouej? to habbe on vore: and J^ine dohter Cordoille, )?at his ]7is londes cwene, 3eo sal fare mid fee 30 mid mochere ferde, and wende)? to )?am lond 168 THE HISTORY OF KING LEIR ]}er ]m were leodne king : and 3ef ]>u miht aeine finden J?e ]>e wulle a^en stonde, binimen }>e )?ine rihte 5 and j^ine kineriche, 5 and ]?u ahliche ueht, and fel heo to grunde, and irum al )?at lond, and sete hit Cordoille an hond, 10 )7at heo hit al habbe 10 efter piine daie. pas wordes seide Aganippus and Leir king dude )7us ; and al he iworhte 15 swa his freond him tahte. 15 To]?isse lon^en he com li^en mid leoue hiss dohter; he hi gre^e^Se mid J^ane beste ])e him buwen wolden, 20 and alle he ham fulde 20 ]7e him wit feohten ; and he al J^is kinelond biwon to his a3ere hande, and 3ef hit Cordoille, 25 ]7e wes Francene quene ; 25 and hit ane stunde stod a J^issene ilke. Leir king one leoden ]}Yeo 3er leouede ; 30 )7ae com his ende daei, 30 J?at ]>e king daed laei. Inn Leirchestre his dohter hine leide, j^are )7ou king were : and gif j7ou miht eni finde )7at ]>e wole wid stonde, benime J^ine rihte and yme riche, cwikliche anon riht leie heom to grunde, and iwin al )7at lond, and sete hit Cordoille an hond, )?at 3eo hit alle habbe after J?ine dai3e. [pus peos word seide Aganip- and Leir J7e dude ]fus; and al he ....fte ase his frend him tahte. To yisse londe he com mid his leofue dohter ; he gri]7ede mid 'pan beste pat bouwe him wolde, and alle he grij7ede J7at him wid stode ; and al J^is kinelond biwan to his owe hond, and 3ef bit Cordoille, Frencene cwene ; And Leir lifuede J^reo 3er par after ; )?o com his lifues hende, )7at no man ne mai atwende. Hine Leycestre his dohter hine leide. AND HIS DAUGHTERS. 169 inne lanies temple, al swa fe bac tellet, and Cordoille heold )?is lond, mid hae3ere stren^e, 5 fulle fif ^ere, quene heo wes here, )7a while Francene king faeisi^e makede : and Cordoille com J^at wourd 10 fat heo was iwor^en widewe. pa come J^a tldende to Scottlondes kinge ]>at Aganippus was dead, Leir king idaeied, 15 he sende )?urh Brittaine into Cornwaille, and hehte )7ane due stronge heri3en in su^ londe, and he wolde bi nor^en 20 rahuien ]>a londa; for hit was swuj>e mouchel scome, and ec swij^e muchel grame, ]>at scholde a quene beon king in ]?isse londe, 25 and heora sunen beon buten, )7a weren hire betren, of ]>an aldre sustren, ]?a fa ae^elen sulden habben : Nule we hit na more ifolien ; 30 al fat lond we wulle^ habben. Heo bigunnen werre, f anne com on west : and fere quene sust' sunen in laines his temple, ase fe bock tellef, and Cordoille heold f is lond, mid godere strengf e, 5 fulle fif 3er, cwene 360 was here, fe wile Francene king veisif makede : and Cordoille com fat word 10 fat 3eo was widewe iworfe. Come fe tidinge to Scotlondes kinge fat Aganippus was dead, Cordoilles louerd, 15 he sende forh Britaine into Cornwale, and hehte fane duk stronge werri in suf londe, and he wolde bi norfe 20 an fat lond awinne; for hit was swife mochel same, [grame, and eke hit was mochel fat a cwene solde be king in f isse londe, 25 and hire sones beo boute, fat beof hire betere : Nolle we na more hit ifo... 30 wollef habbe hii bigonne werri, to mochele rouf e ; and f e twei sostrene sones 170 THE HISTORY OF KING LEIR. sumneden ferde, heo nomen weren ihaten ]7us, Morgan and Cunedagius. Ofte heo ledden ferde, 5 ofte heo fuhten, ofte heo weren buuenne, and ofte bino^en ; fat com at ]7an laste ]>at heo wes ah'e leofust ; 10 fe Bruttes heo slo3en, Cordoille heo nomen, heo duden heo in quarterne, in ane quale-huse : heo wer^ede heore moddri 15 mare ]>ene heo sulden, J^at ]>e wimman was swa wro^, )7at hire sculuen heo was la^; heo nom enne longne cnif, and binom hire seoluen J^at lif. 20 pat wes an uuel raed fat hire suluen makede dead. peo wes al fis kinelond an Morgan and Cunedagies heond. somnede verde, [J'us, hire names weren icleoped Morgan and Cunadegis. Oft hi ladde ferde, 5 ofte hii fuhte, ofte hii were bofe, and ofte hii weren bineofe ; fo com at J7an laste fat 3am was leuest ; 10 fat Bruttes hii sloven, and Cordoille hii nemen. hii wreffede hire moddri, 15 more fane hii solde, fat fe womman was so wrof, fat hire seolue 3eo was lof ; 3eo nam anne longe cnif, binam hire owene lif. 20 po was al f is kinelond in Morgan and Cunages his hond. 171 FROM THE ORMULUM. THE AUTHOR TO HIS BROTHER. Nu, broj^err Wallterr, broj7err min afFter )7e flaeshess kinde; and brx))7err min i Crisstenndom |7urrh fuUuhht and ]7urrh troww)7e; and bro)7err min i Godess hus, gett o ]>e )?ride wise, )7urrh ]?att witt hafenn takenn ba an reghell boc to follghenn, vnnderr kanunnkess had and lif, swa summ Sannt Awwstin sette : Ice hafe don swa summ ]7u badd, and for]7eddte J^in wille, ice hafe wennd inntill Ennglissh Goddspelless hallghe lare, afFter fatt little witt )7att me min Drihhtin hafe)?]? lenedd. pu J?ohhtesst tatt ice mihhte wel till mikell frame turrnenn, gifF Ennglissh folic, forr lufe of Crist, itt wollde gerne lernenn, and folghenn itt and fillenn itt wi]?]? ]?ohht wi]?]? word wi]?]? dede. And forr]?i gerrndesst tu )?att ice ]?iss werre )?e shollde wirrkenn ; and ice itt hafe for]?eddte, ace all J?urrh Cristess hellpe ; 172 FROM THE ORMULUM. and unnc birr)? ba)7e j^annkenn Crist )7att itt iss brohht till ende. Ice hafe sammnedd o ]7iss boc |7a Goddspelless neh alle, J?att sinndenn o ]>e messe boc; inn all ]>e ger att messe. And agg afFterr ]>e Goddspell stannt )7att tatt te Goddspell mene]?)?, ]7att mann birr]? spellenn to )?e folic off )?eggre sawle nede, and gett taer taken mare inoh )?u shallt tseronne findenn, off )?att tatt Cristess hallghe )?ed birrj? trowwenn wel and follghenn. Ic hafe sett her o ]?iss boc amang Goddspelless wordess, all J?urrh me sellfenn, manig word )?e rime swa to fiUenn ; ace ]?u shallt findenn |?att min word, eggwhaer )?aer itt iss ekedd, magg hellpenn |?a }?att redenn itt to sen and tunnderrstanndenn all )?ess te bettre hu ]?eggm birr)?- ]?e Goddspell unnderrstanndenn. And forr)?i trowwe ice J?att te birr)? wel )?olenn mine wordess, eggwhaer )?aer )?u shallt finndenn hemm amang Goddspelless wordess ; forr whase mott to laewedd folic larspell off Goddspell tellenn, he mott wel ekenn manig word amang Goddspelless wordess. FROM THE ORMULUM. 173 And ice ne mihhte nohht min ferrs agg wi]?]? Goddspelless wordess wel fillenn all, and all forr)?! shollde ice well ofFte nede amang Goddspelless wordess don min word, min ferrs to fillenn. And te bitaeche ice off )7iss boc hehwikenn alls itt seme)?)?, all to J7urrh-sekenn illc an ferrs, and to )7urrh-lokenn offte, )7att upponn all )?iss boc ne be nan word gan Cristess lare, nan word tatt swi]7e wel ne be to trowwenn and to follghenn. Witt shulenn tredenn unnderrfott and all )7werrt utt forrwerrpenn ]>e dom off all j^att laj>e flocc J7att iss )7urrh nij? forrblendedd, fatt taele)?]? )7att to lofenn iss, ]7urrh nij^full modignesse; ]>egg shulenn laetenn hae)7elig off unker swinnc, lef bro]7err ; and all fegg shulenn takenn itt on unnitt and on idell ; ace nohht J^urrh skill, ace all )?urrh ni)?, and all )7urrh )?eggre sinne ; and unnc birr)? biddenn Godd tatt he forrgife hemm here sinne ; and unnc birr)? ba)>e lofenn God off )7att itt wass bigunnenn, and )7annkenn Godd tatt itt iss brohht till ende, )7urrh hiss hellpe ; forr itt magg hellpenn alle )7a )?att bli)?elike itt herenn, 174 FROM THE ORMULUM. and lufenn itt, and follghenn itt wi)?]? )7ohht wi)?)? word wi)?)? dede. And whase wilenn shall )?iss boc efft dperv si]fe writenn, himm bidde ice ]?att hett write rihht, swa summ )?iss boc himm taeche)?]?, all )7werrt utt affterr J>att itt iss uppo J?iss firrste bisne, wi)?)? all swillc rime alls her iss sett, wi)?)? alse fele wordess ; and tatt he loke wel J>att he an boc-stafF write twiggess eggwhaer )7aer itt uppo )?iss boc iss written o )7att wise ; loke he wel fatt hett write swa, forr he ne magg nohht elless on Ennglissh writenn rihht te word, J7att wite he wel to soj^e. And giff mann wile witenn whi ice hafe don J?iss dede, whi ice till Ennglissh hafe wennd Goddspelless hallghe lare ; ice hafe itt don forr]?i ]7att all erisstene foUkess berrhless iss lag uppo )7att an, J^att tegg • Goddspelless hallghe lare wi]?)? fulle mahhte follghe rihht, )7urrh )7ohht )7urrh word )7urrh dede. Ice )7att fiss Ennglissh hafe sett Ennglisshemenn to lare, ic wass, J^aer J^aer i erisstnedd wass, Orrmin bi name nemmed : FROM THE ORMULUM. 175 and ice Orrmin full innwarrdlig, wi]?)? mu]? and ec wi)?)? herrte, her bidde J^a crisstene menn )7att herenn oj^err redenn J^is boc, hemm bidde ice her |?att tegg forr me )?iss bede biddenn — patt bro]?err ]?att )7iss Ennglissh writt allraeresst wrat and wrohhte, fatt bro)7err, forr his swinne to laen, so)? blisse mote findenn. Amen. piss boe iss nemmned Orrmulum, forr)?i ]>sit Ormm itt wrohhte : and itt iss wrohht off qua}>]?rigan, off Goddspell-bokes fow wre THE SONG OF SIMEON. L^TT nu, Drihhtin, laett nu )7in )7eoww vtt off yiss weorelld wendenn, wi)?)? gri)?)?, swa summ ]?u me bihett, laett me nu newenn swellten : Forr her i seo full witerrlig ym Haelennd Crist on eorj^e, }>att )7urrh j^in are garrkedd iss biforenn alle j^eode ; till haefenn j^eode lihht and leom off eche rihhtwisnesse, and till )?iss ludewissne folic wurr)7shipe and eehe wullderr. 176 FROM THE ORMULUM. THE MARRIAGE OF CANA. Uppo )7e )?ridde dagg bilammp, swa summ ]>e Goddspell kij^e]?)?, )7att i ]>e land off Galile wass an bridale garrkedd. And itt wass garrkedd inn an tun J7att wass Cana gehatenn : and Cristess moderr Marge wass att tatt bridaless saete. And Crist was clepedd till )7att hus wi)?)? hise lerninng cnihhtess. And teggre win was drunnkenn swa )?aett taer nass )7a na mare. And Cristess moderr comm till Crist, and seggde himm ]7us wi)?}> worde ; pis win is drunnkenn to ]>e grund, and niss her nu na mare. And ure Laferrd Jesu Crist )7uss seggde till hiss moderr; What falle]?)? ]?iss till me wi)?]? ]7e, wifmann, ]?iss ]7att tu maslesst ? Abid, abid, wifmann abid, ne comm nohht gett min time And Sannte Marge gede anan, and seggde to 'pe birrless, Do)? }>att tatt he shall biddenn guw, ne be ge nohht tasrgaeness. pegg hafFdenn sexe fettless faer, att tatt bridaless saete, J7att waerenn, summ ])e Goddspell segg)?, sexe stanene fettless. FROM THE ORMULUM. 177 swillke sumni )7att ludisskenn folic was wunedd, i J^att time, to wasshenn ofFe J^eggre lie, to clennsenn hemm )7att wise ; and twafald o)7err )7refald mett )7a fettless alle tokenn ; and Crist badd tatt tegg shollden gan and fillenn l^eggre fettless wi]?)? water r, and tegg gedenn till and didenn ]7att he seggde, and filledenn upp till ]>e brerd wi]?)? waterr ]>eggve fettless. And Crist ta seggde )?uss till hemm : Ga]? till wi]?]? gure cuppess, and lade)?)? upp, and here)?)? itt till )7allderrmann on haefedd. And tegg ]>a. didenn )7att he badd, and bserenn ]7a to drinnkenn j?att haefedd-mann )?att hehgesst wass att tatt bridale settledd : and he toe sone and dranne )?att win )7att wass off waterr wurr)?enn, and nisste he nohht whaerofFe itt wass ; aee wel ]>e birrless wisstenn, J7att haiFdenn rihht ta ladenn upp )7e waterr ofF)7a fettless. And he badd clepenn ]>a till himm, son summ he drunnkenn haffde, J7att mann j^att taer bridgume wass att tatt bridaless saete ; and son se )7att bridgume comm )7att allderrmann himm seggde : Illc mann firrst brinnge)?)? for)? god win, and si)?)7en he biginne)?)> 178 FROM THE ORMULUM. to brinngenn for]^ summ werse win, son summ ]?e folic is drunnkenn ; and tu ]?e gode win till nu aegg hafesst hidd and haldenn. piss taken wrohhte Jesu Crist )?e firrste off hise tacness, i Galile rihht i }>att tun |7att wass Cana gehatenn ; and tuss he toe to shaewenn )7aer hiss goddcunndnessess maehhte, and hise Lerrninng-cnihhtess )7aer tokenn onn himm to iefenn, J7urrh )7att tegg saeghenn ]7aere inn himm allmahhtig Godess mahhte. Her ende)?}> nu J^iss Goddspell J7uss, and uss birrj? itt J^urrh-sekenn to lokenn whatt itt laere)?]? uss off ure sawle nede: ... &c. APPENDIX. A SPELL TO RESTORE FERTILITY TO LAND RENDERED STERILE BY WITCHCRAFT. Her ys sec bot hu Jju meaht ]7ine aeceras betan, gif hi nella^ w^l wexan, o^^e J^aer hwilc ungedefe j^ing ongedon biS, on dry o^^e on lyblace. Genim )7onne on niht, aer hit dagige, feower tyrf on feower healfa J73es landes, and gemearca hu hy aer stodon. Nim )7onne ele, and hunig, and beorman, and aelces feos meolc )7e on j^aem lande sy, and aelces treow-cynnes dael ]>e on faem lande sy ge- wexen, butan heardan beaman, and aelcre nam-cufre wyrte dael, butan glappan anon ; and do )7onne halig waeter f^aeron, and drype j7onne J^riwa on fone sta^ol j^ara turfa, and cwe^e J>onne yis word: Crescite, wexe; et multiplicamini, and geniaenig- fealde ; et replete, and gefylle, terram, ]7as eorj^an ; in nomine patris etjilii et spijitus sancti benedicti; and Pater noster, swa oft swa \ast o^er, and bere si]?}>an }>a turf to circean, and maesse- preost asinge feower maessan ofer ]7an turfon, and wende man ]7aet grene to )?an weofode, and si]7]7an gebringe man )?a turf J^aer hi aer waeron aer sunnan setl-gange, and haebbe him geworht, of cwic-beame, feower Cristes maelo, and awrite on aelcon ende, Mattheus and Marcus, Lucas and Johannes : lege faet Cristes mael on ]7one pyt neo)?eweardne : cwefe J^onne, Crux, Mattheus ,• Crmx, Marcus ; Crux, Lucas ; Crux, Johannes, Nim ]?onne fa N 2 180 APPENDIX. turf, and ssete j^aer-ufon-on, and cwej^e jjonne nigon sij^on )?as word ; Crescife, and swa oft Pater noste?', and weude ]>e )7onne eastweard, and onlut nigon si^on eadmodlice, and cwe^ )7onne )7as word ; Eastweard ic stande, mid gife Drihtnes, arena ic me bidde, to)7um ontynan, bidde ic )7one maeran Dne ]7urh trumne ge)7anc, bidde J?one miclan Drihten, aweccan ]fas waestmas bidde ic ]7one haligan us to woruld-nytte, heofon-rices weard ; gefylle ]?as foldan eor^an ic bidde, mid faeste geleafan, and up-heofon, wlitigian ]7as wang-turf ; and ]>a so]7an swa se witega cwae^, sancta Marian, ]>ddt se haefde are on eorS-rice and heofones meaht, se )?e aelmyssan and heah-reced, daelde domlice, )7aet ic mote J^is gealdor, Drihtnes ]7ances. Wende ^e ]7onne ]7riwa sun-ganges ; astrece [)?e] ]7onne on and- lang, and arim )?8er letanias, and cwe^ ]7onne, Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus, o^ ende. Sing j7onne, Benedicite, aj^enedon earmon, and Magnificat, and Pater noster, and bebeod hit Criste, and Sancta Marian, and ]?aere halgan rode, to lofe and to weor^inga, and J7am [to] are ])e J^aet land age, and eallon J^am ]?e him under- )7eodde synt. ponne J^set eall sie gedon, j7onne nime man uncu^ saed ast aelmes-mannum, and selle him twa swylc swylce man aet him nime, and gegaderie ealle his sulh-geteogo togaedere; borige )7onne on ]>an beame stor and finol and gehalgode sapan, and gehalgod sealt ; nim )7onne J^aet saed-sete on ]7aes sules bodig ; cwe^ j7onne, Erce, erce, erce, ece Drihten eor^an modor, aecera wexendra, geunne ^e se alwalda, and wri^endra. APPENDIX. 181 eacniendra, and elniendra ; sceafta hen se scire waestma, and 'paere bradan here waestma, and J^aere hwitan hwaete wiaestma, and ealra eor^an waestma. Geunne him, ece Drihten, and his halige ]>e on heofonum synt, faet hys yr^ si gefri)7od wi'S ealra feonda gehwaene, and heo si geborgen wi^ ealra bealwa gehwylc, }7ara lyblaca geond land sawen. Nu bidde ic )?one Waldend, se ]?e "Sas woruld gesceop, }>aet rie sy to )7aes cwidol wif, ne to J>aes craeftig man, )7aet awendan ne maege word ]7us gecwedene. ponne man j^a sulh forSdrife, and ]>a, forman furh onsceote ; cwe^ J?6nne, Hal wes )7u, folde ! on Godes fae^me, fira modor, fodre gefylled, beo ^u growende firum to nytte. Nim ]?onne aelces cynnes melo, and abace man innewerdne handa bradnae hlaf, and gecned hine mid meolce, and mid halig-wae- tere, and lecge under ]>a forman furh ; cwe^ )7onne, Ful aecer fodres, and )?as eor^an fira cinne, ]>e we on lifia^, beorht blowende, se God se J^as grundas geworhte )7U gebletsod weorS, geunne us growende gife, ]?aet us coma gehwylc cume to nytte. )7aes haligan noman, ]?e ^as heofon gesceop, Cwe^ )7onne )7riwa, Crescite, in nomine patris benedicti, Amen and Pater noster ]7riwa. 182 DECLENSIONS OF NOUNS-SUBSTANTIVE ACCORDING TO RASK. (See Anglo-Saxon Grammar, p. 28.) SIMPLE ORDER, or Declension I. ( - ■ 1. Neut. 2. Masc. 3. Fem. Singular. Nom. -e -a -e Gen. -an -an -an Dat. & Abl. -an -an -an Ace. -e -an -an Plural. Nom. & Ace. -an Gen. -ena Dat. & Abl. -um COMPLEX ORDER. Declension II. J< , 1 . Neut. 2. Masc. 3. Fem. Sing. Nom. „ „ (-e) „ Gen. -es -es -e Dat. & Abl. -e -e -e Ace. „ ., (-e) -e P/wr. Nom. & Ace. „ -as -a Gen. -a -a -a Dat. & Abl. -um -um -um Declension III. .A I » 1. Neut. 2. Masc. 3. Fem. (-e) -u -a -a -u -e -e „ (-e) -u -e -u -a -a -a (-ena) -a (-ena) -ena -um -um -um Note. AU nouns in -a are of the First Declension, Masculine Gender (I. 2.) All in -scype (-scipe), also those in -dom, are of the Second Declension, Masculine (II. 2.) Those in -ung and those in -nes (-nis, -nys) are of the Second Declension, Feminine (II. 3.) GLOSSARY. [N.B. Words with an obelisk before them are Semi- Saxon, from Layamon and the Ormulum.] fA, a, one. A, ever, always. fA, in. Abacan, pret. aboc, to hake. Abbot-rice, III, 1. abbacy. Abbudisse, I. 3. abbess. fAbed (abad), abode. Abeodan, pret. ahead, 2. abude, pi. abudon, to announce. Abidan, pret. abad (abaed), pi. abi- don, to abide, await. Abiddan, pret. absed, to pray for. Abitan, to bite. Ablinnan, to cease. See Blinnan. Abrecan, pret. abraec, pp. abrocen, to break, destroy. Abredan, pret. abraed, pi. abrudon, to draw. See Abregdan. Abregdan, pret. abrsegde, subj. a- bnigde (abrude), to take away, snatch, draw (a sword). AbreoSan, to perish : abreo^e his angin, may his enterprise come to naught. Abryrdan, pp. abryrd, to touch, af- fect, m^ove. Abudisse. See Abbudisse. Abugan, pret. abeah, pi. abugon, to bow, yield. Gr. 347. Abutan, about. AbjTgan, to taste. Ac, II. 3. oak. Ac, but, for, nam, enim. fAc (eac), eke. Acennan, pp. acenned, to produce, bring forth, beget; born, begotten. Acennednys, birth, generation. Aceorfan, pret. acearf, to cut, cut off. Acwecan, pret. acwehte, to shake, brandish. Acwelan, 3. acwylS, pret. acwsel, to die, perish. AcweUan, pret. acwealde, to kill, destroy. Acwencan, to quench, extinguish, destroy. AcweSan. See CwetSan. Adder, sedder, II . 3 . vein . Ger . Ader. Ademan, pret. ademede (ademde), to judge, try, adjudge. Adilgian, to destroy, obliterate, era^ dicate. 184 GLOSSARY. Adl, II. 3. ail, disease. Adiig, ailing, sick, ill. Adraedan, pret. adred, to dread, fear. It occurs sometimes both with an accus. and a dat. of the agent. Adrsefan, to drive out, expel, ba?iish. Adreogan, pret. adreag, pi. adru- gon, to bear, suffer, lead {life). Adrincan, pret. adranc, pi. adrun- con, to he dromned. Ger. Er- trinken. Adruwian, pp. adruwud, to dry up. Adumbian, to be dumb, silent. Adune, down. Adunweard, downward. Adwsescan, to extinguish, assuage. M, II. 3. law. (Gr. 85.) -^cer, II. 2. field, ager. ' y forthwith, suddenly. ^fen, II. 2. even, evening. Ger. Abend. Dan. Aften. ^fen-song, II. 2. even-song, ves- pers. ^fen-tid, II. 3. even-tide. Ger. Abendzeit. Dan. Aftentid. ^fen-tima, I. 2. eventide. ^fest, religious, pious. ^Efestnes, religion, piety. ^fnung, evening. ^fre, ever, always. iEft, i. q. eft. ^fter, next , following . JEfter, after, according to, secun- dum: sefter rihte, according to right, right, rightly. (Dan. ^ft- er.) — along, secundum, per. seft- er bencum, along the benches or tables. ^fterfylgian, to follow, succeed. ^ftergenga, successor. JEg, III. 1. egg, pi. aegru. Gr. 90. Colloq. Monast. segra, like cildra for cildru. -^ghwser, everywhere. -^ghwse]?er, either, both. u^ghwanon, /rom every side. ^ghwylc, every one. ^gSer, either, both, (used with ge — ge, like the Lat. turn — cum. t^3en, probably for hi3e. See p. 163. 1. 23. MS. Otho. ^ht, II. 3. possession, substance. ^hte, eight: sehte siSe twenti, eight times twenty. ^h-Jjyrl, III. 1. eye-hole, window. ^ine (aenig), any. JEker, II. 2. acre. Ml, awl. Ml, II. 2. eel. Ml, i. q. eal. ^Ic, each, every, any. ■\MldL (yldo), age. t^ldede (ealdode), grew old; from ealdian. ^Idrynse, for ealdra. ^le. See Ele. ^leputa, eelpout, jolthead, capito. ^If-scine, elfin-bright. Gr. 122. ^lic, lawful. ^Imes-man, III. 2. almsman. ^Imham, Elmham, in Norfolk ; formerly a bishop's see, which was thence transferred to Thet- ford, and from the latter place to Norwich. ^Imihtig, almighty. ^Imysse, I. 3. alms. iElJjeodig, foreign, strange, abroad, peregre. iEmenne, desolate. GLOSSARY. 185 G^aemtian, to empty. ^mtig, empty i void, idle. ^Endlyft, eleventh. JEne, at once, semel. ^nig, any. ^nigwaeta, in any way, any how. ^nlic, unique, incomparable. -^nlice, decently. ^nlipi. See Anlipi. ^nne, acc/masc. of an. Gr. 170. -^ppelbaer, apple -hearing, fruit - hearing, pomifer. t^r, i. q. ar. Mx, II. 1. brass. JEiX, ere, erst, before, former, early. ^rbenuma, for yrfenuma. ^rdon, p. 126, line 51? ^Erend, II. 3. 1 errand, message, ^rende, II. 2./ command. ^rend-raca, messenger. JEiest, first, erst; from. ^T. Gr. 51. ^rfsest, pious, religious. ^rfsestnes, religion, piety. ^rfe, erfe, III. 1. succession, hse- reditas. ^rian, erian, to plough ; seriende, p. 98, line 22, for serigenne. ^ring, dawn. ^rist, seryst, II. 2. rising, resur- rection. ^rm. See Earm. ^r-merien, II. 2. early morn, dawn. ^rra, former. t^ruu, timid, downcast} See Boucher's Glossary, voce Arwe. 7Er]7am, ere that, antequam. j^s, II. 1. dead carcass, carrion. Ger. Aas. iEs, bait, esca. ^sc,11.2. light swift vessel, dromo. ^sc, II. 2. ash, ashen-spear. ^sc-here, II. 2. naval band. ^sc-holt, II. 1. ashen-hilt, shaft, handle. uiEsc-plega, ash (i. e. spear), play. JE&c-Toi, spear-famed. ^stanbrok, a place near Hunstan- ton, on the N. W. point of Nor- folk, the name of which seems not to have been preserved. Mt,food. JEt, at, by, near, from, of, apud. ^tat5, for etatS, p. 36, line 6. ^tbserstan, to escape. -^tbredan, pret. -braed, pp. -bro- den, to withdraw, take away. ^teowian. See Ateowian. ^Etfealli. See ^tfeolan. ^tfeolan, pret. -fealh, to attend to, dedicate, apply. ^tfleon, to flee from, escape. See Fleon. JEtforan,-) , ^ ^tfore, j ^^/^^^^ coram. ^tfore-sceawian, to provide. ^tgaedere, at the same time. ^thrinan. See Hrinan. -^thwegu, something, somewhat. ^tsomne, together. ^tspornan, 3. -spyrnt5, pret. -spearn, pi. -spurnon, to spurn, kick. Gr. 242. ^tstandan, to stay, remain. See Standan. ^tteme, envenomed. ^ttrian, p. 78, line 16, perhaps an error for settrenan, definite form of settren, poisonous. ^ttryn, poisonous, envenomed. .^twesan, to be present. iEtwindan, pret. -wand, pi, -wun- don, to fly away, escape. 186 GLOSSARY. -^twitan, to twit, reproach. ^tywan. See Ateowian. ^w, II. 3. wife. ^wellm, II. 2. spring, fountain. M^, II. 3. axe. ^Ej^ele, noble, f/aeSeled (gese^eled), nohly treated, honoured ? t^Selen (ae])elu) : on setSelen, among his nobility. fiEfelen (efel), country} p. 169, line 28. M])e[iag, II. 2. (from sefele, noble,) prince. ^]7ellice, nobly. ^))elo, 8e]?elu, III. 3. nobility. ^6ung, aSung, breath. Afandian, to prove, try, tempt, scru- tinize. Afaran, to go. See Faran. Afeallan. See Feallan. fAfeared. See Afered. Afedan, to feed. Gr. 207. Afeng. See Afon. Afeormian, to cleanse, purge. Afered, afraid, affrighted. Afligan, to drive away, put to flight. Aflyman, to cause to flee, to rout. Afon, to receive. See Fon. Gr. 234. Afor, hateful, loathsome. Afyllan, to fll. Afyrht, affrighted. Afyrhtian, to affright. Afyrran, to remove, cutoff, take away. Afysan, to hurry, hasten, rush. AfSonc, grievance ? See note. Agan, pret. ahte, to possess, own, have. Gr. 218. Agan, gone. Agan, p. 123, line 49, used (if not an error,) for agen : bsedon fset hi upgangan agan moston, de- sired that they might go mj9 against them. Agann, began, for angan. See On- ginnan. Agean, again, back. Agelan, to hinder. Agen, own, private. Agen, against, towards. Agen, again, back. Agen-gehweorfan, to return. Agen-lsedan, to lead back. See Lsedan. Agennys, property, peculiarity. Ageotan, 3 agyt, pret. ageat (aget), pi. aguton, to shed, pour, ex- haust, drain. fAgg (eac), eke, also. Agifan, to give, deliver. See Gifan. Geagnian, to appropriate. Agyldan, pret. ageald, pi. aguldon, to pay, requite. Agyltan, to sin. Ah. See Agan. fAh (ac), but. Ahafen. See Ahebban. Ahebban, 3 ahefS, pret. ahof, pp. ahafen, to heave, lift, raise. Ahleapan, pret. ahleop, to leap, rush on. . fAhlice, p. 168, line 6. Ahon, 3 aheh^, pret. aheng, to hang. Gr. 234. Ahongen, ahangen. See Ahon. Ahrsecan, pret. ahrsehte, to reach. Ahreddan, to save, rescue, redeem. Ahsian, axian. Gr. 7, 31. Geahsian, ^eaxian, to ask, inquire, learn ; governs gen. of the thing. Aht, aught. Ahte. See Agan. GLOSSARY. 18: Ah;^dan, to hide. Ahyrian, to hire. Aidlian, to render vain. Alaedan, to lead away, lead up. fAlde (healde), hold ! Aldor, II. 2. elder, prince, chief. Aldor, II. 3. life. Alecgan, to lay, suppress, destroy. See Lecgan. Alede. See Alecgan. Alefed, permitted, affected ? Gealgian, to defend. fAlhisund, all sound, or well. Alihtan, to light. fAllrseresst (ealra serest), first of all. fAUs, as. AUungse, for eallunga. Almihtigse, for selmihtigan. Aloten, bowed, pronus, opp. to up- riht ; from alutan, to bow, &c. tAlpie (anlipig), single. fAlse (al swa), all as, as. Alwalda, all-swaying. Alyfan, to allow. Alysan, to redeem, free. Alysednes, redemption; v. alysan, to redeem. Alysend, II. 2. Redeemer. Gr. 118. Amansumian, to excommunicate. Amber, II. 2. a certain measure. Ameldian, to inform, announce. Ger. Melden. Ametan, pret. amette, pp. amet and ameten, to mete, measure. AmpuU, bottle, ampulla. Amyrran, to hinder, waste, consume, disable. An, one, a, only, alone ^ for an, only, tantum, duntaxat. Cean. See Geunnan. Ana, adv., alone, only. fAnan, anon. Anbidan, 1 pret. -bad, pi. -bidon, G^eanbidan, J to abide, await, expect. Anbidian, 1 . , / 1 ^ w,. J" 1- q- anbidan. Geanbidian, J Anbybt-scealc, II. 2. servant, at- tendant. Ger. Amt, Dan. Em- bed, an office, employment, and Ger. Schalk. An-cenned, only-begotten, unige- nitus. Ancer-lif, II. 1 . anchor etic life. Ancer-setl, III. 1. hermitage. Ancgel. See Angil. Ancra, anchorite. And, and. Anda, rancour, hate. Andsettan, ^ Andettan, > to confess. Gr. 208. Geandettan, J Andfenga, receiver. Andgit, II. 1. sense, signification, understanding. Andlang, along, through, per. Andlicnis. See Anlicnis. Andraed. See Anrsed. Andrysne, terrible, formidable. /andswsered, for geandswarod. Andswarian, to answer. Andswaru, III. 3. answer. Andwealcan, pret. -weolc, to roll. Andweard, present. Andweardnys, presence. Andweorc, II. 1. matter, sub- stance. Andwlita, /ace, countenance. Ger. Antlitz. And\\'yrdan, to answer. Andwyrde, III. 1. answer. Ane, for ana. 188 GLOSSARY. fAneweste, most neirly, most re- cently. Anfeald, one-fold, simple. Anfealdlice, simply, singly. Anfon, to receive, comprehend. See Fon. Angan, i. q. ongan. See Onginnan. An gehwylc, every. Angel-cynn, III. 1. English nation. Angil, hook. Angin, angyn, III. 1. enterprise, act, beginning. Angol, II. 2. Englishman, England} '|-Anlu3inge, anxiously, eagerly, an- helans ; from hicgan ? Animan, to take. See Niman. Aninga, alone, only, prorsus. Geanlsecan, pret. -Isehte, to unite. Geanlician, to liken. Anlicnis, likeness. Anlipi (anlipig), single. Anmodlice, unanimously, simply. Annys, annis, oneness, unity. fAnomen (namon), took. Anrsed, constant, firm, resolute ; anraede, constantly, &c. Anrsednys, constancy, firmness. Anstandende, standing alone, soli- tary. Ansund, sound, whole. Ansyn, face, countenance, external appearance, mediation. Dan. On- syn. Ant, for and. Antimber, II. 1. matter, substance, Anweald, 1.2. power. Anweardnys. See Andweardnys. Geanwjrde beon, to be professed. AnSracian, to dread, feel horror. Apostol, II. 2. apostle. Ar, II. 2. messenger. Ar, II. 3. honour, respect, wealth, compassion, pity, are witan, to have pity. Arsecan, pret. arsehte, to relate. Arseran, to rear up, erect, establish. Arsesan, to rush. Arcebisceop, II. 2. archbishop. Arce-stol, 'I II. 2. archiepiscopal Archi-stol, J chair. Ardlice, forthwith, soon. Areccan, to explain. See Reccan. Aretan, to gladden, exhilarate. Arewe. See Aruwe. Arfsest, holy, pious. Arfaestlice, piously, mercifully. Arfaestnys, arfsestnes, piety, cle- mency, uprightness, honesty, re- verence. Arian, to honour, compassionate, spare. Ariman, to count, tell over, repeat. Arisan, pret. aras, to arise. Gr. 192, 247. tArle, for aire (ealra), of all. Arleas, base, wicked, impious. Am. See Yman. Geamung, desert, merit. Arod, p. 139, line 41.? Ar-smi^, II. 2. brazier. Am we, arrow. ArwurSe, venerable, reverend. Asceacan, pret. asceoc, to shake. Ascreadian, to prune, lop. Ascrepan, pret. ascraep, to scrape. Asciinian, to shun, avoid. Asecgan, to express, tell. See Sec- gan. Asendan, to send. See Sendan. Aseo^an, pret. asea8, pp. asoden, to boil, scorch, fret, vex. Gr. 251. GLOSSARY. 189 Asettan, to set, place. Asingan. See Singan. Aslydan, to slide, slip, err. Asmeagan, "I to contemplate, inves- Asmean, / tigate, imagine. Asoden. See AseoSan. Aspanan, pret. aspeon (aspon), pp. asponnen, to entice. Gr. 87. Aspenat5, p. 71, line 17, apparently an error for aspendaS, to spend, waste. Spene^ nevertheless oc- curs in Layamon. See p. 155, line 27. Aspringan, pret. asprang, plur. a- sprungon, to spring up. Assa, I. 2. ass. Asse, I. 3. she-ass. Astellan, pret. astealde, to set up, establish, confirm. Astigan, 3 astihS, pret. astah (as- tag), pi. astigon, to go, proceed, step, mount. See Stigan. Astigie, for astige. Astirian, to stir, move. Astrecan, "I pret. astrehte, to Astreccan, J stretch, stretch out, stretch forth, extend, prostrate : astrehtum hand-bredum, with outstretcht palms. Aswefian, to put to sleep, slay, so- pire. Aswican, to decrease, cease. See Swican. At, for set. Ateon, to draw from. See Teon. Ateorian, to faint, fail. Ateowan, ^ to appear, reveal, dis- Ateowian, > close, show, mani- Atywian, J fest. Ater, atter, III. I. poison. Atimbrian, to build. Atiwan. See Ateowan. fAtleden (setleedan), to carry off, withdraw. Ato\, foul, horrid, hateful. Atuge. See Ateon. fAtwailden (wealdan), to rule, ma- nage. Atywian. See Ateowian. Awa, ever : awa to aldre, /or ever- more. Awacan, pret. awoc, to spring, be born. fAwal, on the wall : gan awal, to go on the wall ? Awarian, pp. awariged, to curse. Aweccan, aweccean, pret. awehte, pp. aweht, to awaken, raise up. Awecgan, to move, excite. Awedan, to become mad. Aweg, away. Awegen, weighed. Aweg-gewiten, passed away. See Gewitan. Awehte. }^^^A^^'='=*°- Awendan, to go, turn, avert, trans- late, change. Gr. 208. Aweorpan, 3 p. he awyrpS, pret. awearp, pi. awurpon, pp. aworp- en, to cast, throw, cast away. Awestan, to waste, lay waste. Awiht, aught. fAwilde, i. q. atwailden. Awildian, to grow wild. Aworpen. See Aweorpan. Awrigan, pret. awrah, pi. awrigon, to reveal, disclose. Gr. 247. Awrigenes, revelation, illumination. Awritan, i. q. writan. Awurpan, to cast away, cast down. See Weorpan. 190 GLOSSARY. Awyrdan, to corrtipt, injure. Awjrgi'dn, to curse. Axan, ashes, cinders. fAxeden (axodon), informed ; from axian. Axian, to ask, inquire. Geaxian, to hear, learn. tA})ele (aejjelo), nobility, power. Apencan, to devise, find out. See Dencan. Apenian, to stretch out, prostrate ; aJ?enedon (aj)enedum) earmon (earmum), vnth outstretcht arms. GeaSmodian, to humble, be pleased. Afrowian, to suffer. A6-swenmg, oath- swearing. Ajjum, 11. 2. son-in-law. B. Ba, gen. begra, dat. bam, both. fBac (bee), books. Bsec, back; over-baec, backward; on-bsec, behind. Bsecere, II. 2. baker. Baeftan, i. q. beaeftan. Bselc, pride. Bser, bier, bed. Gebaeran, to conduct one-self, se gerere. Baerman, bearer, carrier. fBaid (bed), bed. Baldlice, boldly. Baldor, II. 2. chief. Bam. See Ba. Ban, II. 1 ? bone: pi. bana, p. 100. Bana, bane, slayer, murderer. Icel. Bana,^o kill. Bar, II. 2. bear. tBare, bare. Bktwd, both. Dan. begge to. Ba6an, baths, the city of Bath. Ger. Baden. tBa])e, both. fBa^ie (ba]nan), to bathe. Be, by, at, of, according to, de. Beacen, III. 1. beacon, sign. Bead. See Beodan. Beadon, for bsedon. Beado-rinc, II. 2. warrior. Beadu, III. 1. war, battle: beadu- rses, rush of battle, onset. Beaeftan, behind. Beah, beag, II. 2. bracelet, armlet, ring, diadem. Beah. See Bugan. Beah-gifa, bracelet-giver; epithet of a chief. Beah-hroden, adornedwith bracelets. Beald, bold, audacious; midbealde, boldly, audaciously. Bealoful, baleful, execrable. Bealu, III. 1. bale, injury, mischief. Beam, II. ^. beam, tree, pillar. Bean, 11. 3. bean. Bearhtm, instant, twinkling. Bearm, II. 2 ? bosom. Dan. Barm. Beam, II. 1. child. Scot. Bairn, Dan. & O. S. Bam. Beatan, pret. beot, to beat. Bebeodan, to command, commend, intrust, commit : pa bebodenan, those intrusted. See Forbeodan. Bebod, III. I. command, order. Bebiigan, i. q. onbugan, Beb)Tgian, bebyrigan, to bury. Bebyt, 3 p. sing. v. bebeodan. Becuman, to come, happen, seize on, befall. See Cuman. Bed, II. 1. bed, table. Gcbed, III. \. prayer. Ger. Gebet. Hence our word bead. GLOSSARY. 191 Bedselan, to deprive. Bedffile, partly, but little, paullum? fBede (gebed), prayer. Ger. Ge- bet. Bed-hiis, "I II. 1. house of prayer, G^ebed-hus, J oratory. Bediglian, to hide, keep secret. Bed-rest, II. 3. hed, couch. Bedrifan, to drive. See Drifan. Bedydrian, t'o deceive, enchant. Bedypan, to bedip, dip. Beeode. See Began. Befangen. See Befon. Befeallan, to cast, cast down. Beferan, to go over, travel over. By the prefix be, the neuter verb is rendered active, as in German, fahren and befahren. Befon, to contain, comprehend, clothe. See Fon and Onfon. Beforan, before. Gr. 409. Befrinan, pret. -fran, pi. -fhinon, to ask, interrogate. Gr. 242. Began, begangan, pret. -eode, to exercise, go over, cultivate, till, observe, apply to. Begea, for begra. See Ba. Begen, both. Begeondan, beyond. Begeotan, 3 -gyt, pret. -geat, pi. -guton, to sprinkle, moisten. Gr. 250. Beginnan, pret. -gan, pi. -gunnon, to begin. Begra, gen. pi. of ba. Begrynian, to ensnare. Begytan,pret. -geat,^o beget, obtain. Behatan, pret. -het, to promise. Beheafdian, to behead. Behealdan, 3 -hylt, pret. -heold, to behold, see, observe, mind. Behefe, needful, useful. Behelan, to cover, hide. Beheot, for behet, pp. behaten, promised, threatened. Behidan, pret. -hidde, pp. -hid, to hide. , Behofian, to behove, require. Behreafian, bereafian, to bereave, plunder. Behreov^^sian, to berue, repent. Behreowsung, repentance. Behwyrfan, to apply. Behydan, to hide, mnceal. BehS, token, sign, proof} Beladung, excuse, apology. Belsefan, to leave, from belifan. Gr. 347. Belsewan, to betray. Beleaf, for belaf. See Belifan. Belean, pret. -loh, subj. -loge, to reprehend. Belevi^ite, meek, mild. Gebelgan, 3 gebylgt5, pret. -bealh, pi. -bulgon, pp. -bolgen, to en- rage, make angry, be indignant. Gr. 242. Beliden, deprived. Belifan, pret. -laf, pi. -lifon, to re- main. Belimpan, pret. -lamp, pi. -lumpon, to happen, belong to, conduce. BeUe, I. 3. bell. Beloge. See Belean. Belucan, pret. beleac, pi. -lucon, pp. locen, to lock, shut up, in- close. Ben, II. 2. prayer. Dan. Bon. Benseman, i. q. beniman. Bene, bench, table. Benc-sittende, sitting on benches, or at table. Gr. 118. 192 GLOSSARY. Bend, II. 3? band, cord. Beniman, to take away, deprive of. See Niman. Beo, I. 3. bee; beona, gen. pi. contr. for beoena. Beo, imperative of wesan. Gr. 233. Beod, II. 2. table. Beodan, pret. bead, 2 bude, to com- mand. Gr. 193. Beon, to be. See Wesan. Gr. 233. Beorgan, 1 3 byrg'S, pret. bearh, Gebeorgan, J f)l. burgon, pp. bor- gen, to save, secure, protect. Gebeorge, security, protection. Beorht, bright; beorht-blowende, brightly blowing. Beorhtnys, beorhtnes, brightness. GeheorYic, safe, secure. Beorme, I. 3. barm. Beom, II. 2. chief, warrior. Gebeorscipe, convivial meeting, feast. Beot, threat, promise; on beot, with threatening. Beoten, for beoton. See Beatan. Beotian, "1 to promise, vow, Gebeotian, / threaten. Beotlic, threatening. fBeoton (buton), save, except. Bepsecan, pret. bepsehte, to deceive. Gr. 253. Beran, 3 p. he byrS, praet. baer, pp. boren, to bear, carry. Bere, II. 2. barley. Berende, bearing, fertile ; from beran. Bereowsung, repentance. Bergyls, II. 2 ? sepulchre. ** fBerman, for bserman. Bern, i. e. bere-ern, (from bere. barley, and ern or aern, house, place,) barn. tBerrhle (byrle), young man who serves wine at table, also, a young man in general; from birlian, haurire. Berstan, pret. bserst, pi. burston, to burst, break, split. Gr. 242. Berstan, to evade, escape from, i. q. setbserstan. Besargian, to ccndole with, compas- sionate. Besceawian, to view, behold, con- template. Ger. Beschauen. Bescufan, 3 -scyf^, pret. -sceaf, pi. scufon, pp. -scofen, to shove, drive, impel. Beseah. See Beseon. Besencean, act., to sink. Beseon, to look, look at, view. See Seon, and Geseon. Besittan, pret. -sset, to beset, sur- round ; should grammatically be besettan. Besmitan, pret. -smat, pi. -smiton, to pollute, defile. Besprecan, to bespeak, declare. See Sprecan. Bestandan, to stand on, occupy. See Standan- Bestreowian, to bestrew. Beswican, pret. -swac, pi. -swicon, to deceive, entrap, betray. Beswincan, to labour. See S win- can. Beswingan, pret. -swang, pi. -swungon, pp. -swungen, to whip. Besyrode, apparently an error for besyrwode, pret. of besyrwian, to ensnare. GLOSSARY. 193 Bet, better. Gr. p. 51. Bet£ecan, pret. -tsehte, to take, de- liver, intrust, commit. fBetake (betsecan), to deliver, as- sign. Betan, 1 to make good, amend, Gebetan, J repair, compensate, become better. Beteon, to bequeath. See Teon. Betere, better. Betweoh. See Betweox. Betweonan, between, among. Betweox, betwixt, among, in the midst. Betwinan. See Betweonan. _, * > See Betweox. Betwux. J Betwynaa. See Betweonan. Betwyx. See Betweox. Betynan, to close. Beweddian, to wed. Be wend, turned, from wendan. Gr. 207. Beweorcan, to encompass. Beweorpan, 3 -wyrpS, pret. -wearp, pl.-wurpon, pp. -worpen, to cast, beat. Bewerian, bewserian, to defend. Bewindan, to wind about, wrap, en- twine. See Windan. Bewitan, pres. -wat, pret. -wiste, to take care of, instruct, act as tutor to. Gr. 218. BewriSan, 3 -writ, pret. -wra'5, pi. -wridon, to bewreathe, bind. Gr. 248. Bewyrpan. See Beweorpan. Be])eaht. See BeJ)eccan. Be]?earfan, pres. ic -])earf, pi. -J)ur- fon, pret. -]7orfte, to need. Bepeccan, pret. -peahte, pp. -J>eaht, to bethatch, bedeck, cover, pro- tect. Be^ian, to bathe, wash. Be];orfte. See Be]?earfan. Biburiged. See Bebyrgian. Bicgan, -\ Cebicgan, y'^^' ^°^^^' ^' *"^> Tf. I pay for. Gr. 214. Bicgean, J ^ ^ -^ Biclyppan, to embrace. Gebicnian, to beckon, show, indicate. Biciiman. See Becuman. Bidselan, to deprive. Bidan, 1 pret. bad, pi. bidon, to Gebidan, j abide, await, enjoy. Biddan, 1 pret. baed, pp. beden, Gebiddan, / to pray, bid, beg, be- seech ; gov. gen. of thing. Often as a reflective. Bidytt, shut up; from dyttan, to shut up. Bifian, to tremble. Ger. beben. Bigan. See Bicgan. Bigan, 1 to bend, bow. Gf-bigan, gebigean, J Gr. 347. Bigeng, II. 2. worship, reverence. Biggencere, II. 2. cultivator, ope- rator. Biggeng, II. 2. tillage, culture. Biggongenne, for begangenne. See Begangan. Bigleofa, sustenance. Bigstandan, to stand by, assist. See Standan. BigS. See Bicgan. tBi3eat (begeat), got ; from begy- tan. Bihaefdian, for beheafdian. fBihett (behet), promised; from behatan. Bihidilice, heedfuUy, anxiously. Bil, bill, beak. 19i GLOSSARY. to have. fBilaeuen (belcxfan), 1 fBileafuan (bel?cwan), J fBilefde (beleofode), lived, stayed; from leofian (lybban). fBileued, left. Bilewit, kind, mild, meek, simple. Bilewitn3^s, meekness. Bill, II. 1? hill, faulchion. Bin, hin, manger. Bindan, 1 pret. band, pi. bundon, Gebindan, j to hind, capture. Binnan (binnon), within, under. Binnf, I. 3 ? hin. fBinomen (benummen) , took away; from beniman. fBinoSen, helow, under. Bion, i. q. beon. Bireued, for bereafod. See Berea- fian. fBirle, byrle, II. 2. attendant at tahle, pincema. See Berrhle. fBirr]? (gebjTaS), it hecometh, is fit- ting, incumhent ; from gebyrian. Bisaregian, to lament, deplore. Bisceop, II. 2. bishop. Biscophad, II. 2. episcopal office. Biscop-setl, III. 1. episcopal throne. Biscop-J»enung, episcopal function or service. tBisecchen (besecan), to heseech, seek after. tBisemsere (bysmor), insult, mock- ery. Biseo, i. q. beseo. Bisettan, to beset, cover over. Gr. 208. Bisgian, to busy, occupy. fBisie (bysig), busy ? Bismerful, shameful, blasphemous. Bismorian, to mock, insult, ill-treat. tBisne (bysen), example, pattern. Bisnian, to give example. Gebisnung, example, Bispel, bigspel, III. I ? proverb, pa- rable, fable. Ger. Beispiel. Bistalcian, to stalk, proceed, march. fBiswake (heswkc), deceived ; from beswican. fBitachet (betaecS), assigns, gives. Biter, bitter, stern. Biwaerian. See Bewerian. fBiwiten (bewitan), ^o hold, reserve. Blac, black, pale. Ger. bleich. Blkc-hleoT, pale-faced, fair. Blaed, II. 2. glory, prosperity, life, blast, flatus. — Tail {of a seal) ; gen. uncert. Blsed, II. ^. fruit, branch. Blawan, 3 bl8ew(5, pret. bleow, pp. blawende, to blow. Geblendan, pret. -bland, pi. -blun- don, to blend, tinge, stain. fBlene (blinnan), to cease. Bletsian, "1 r> v.^ i. ' r lo bless. Gebletsian, J Bletsung, blessing. Blican, pret. blac, pi. blicon, to shine, glitter. Blind, blind. Blinnan, pret. blan, pi. blunnon, to cease. . Bliss, II. 3. bliss, mirth. Blissian, to rejoice, eocult. Bli6, blithe, joyful, cheerful, kind. Bli]?elice, blithely, gladly. BliSmod, kind, well-disposed. BliSnes, blitheness, mirth, exultation . Blod, II. 1. blood. Blodig, bloody. Blostnena, p. 95, lin. ult.? BloM'Ein, to bloiv, blossom. fBlu^elice, bashfully, clownishly. GLOSSARY. 195 B6c, fern, irreg. book. Gr. 106-. Bocere, II. 2. learned man, doctor, interpreter. Boc-kin, II. 1 . kind or sort of book. Boc-land, II. 1. freehold land, al- lodialis. " Ex scripto v. charta possessa terra. Hanc vero ple- rumque possidebant nobiles et ingenui, hasreditariam, liberam, atque omni pene servitio immu- nem." — Suppl. ad Lye. Boc-stsef, II. 2. alphabetic cha- racter. Ger. Buchstab, Dan. Bogstav. tB6c-stafF, i. q. boc-stsef. Boda, messenger. Gebod, III. 1. command. Bodian, ") Bodigean,/^^^^^^^^'^"^^"'^^^- Bodig, II. 2. body. Bodung, preaching. Bog, II. 2. bough. Boga, I. 2. bow. Gebogen. See Bugan. Bok, i. q. boc. Bold, house, dwelling. Gebolgen. See Gebelgan. Bolhi^e geat, in Peterborough, now Bull- dyke gate. BoUa, bowl, cup. Icel. Bolli. Bolster, II. 2 ? bolster, pillow. Bont, for band. See Bindan. Bord, II. 1? board, shield, table. Bord-weall, II. 2. board (shield), wall. /boren, J Borg, borh, II. 2. money borrowed, loan, foenus. Borian, to bore, insert by boring. tBorn (beorn), nobleman, chief. Bosm, II. 2. bosom. Bot, II. 3. compensation, reparation. Botl, house, dwelling. tBoure (bur), bower, chamber. Brad, broad. Bradnis, broadness, expanse. Gehrsec, III. 1. breaking, crash. Brsedan, to roast. Ger. braten. BrseS, breath, vapour, odour. Bragen, brain. Brand, II. 2.^ brand, firebrand. Brastlian, to make a crackling noise as a fire, crepitare. Brecan, pret. braec, pp. gebrocen, to break. Bredan, 3 brit, pret. braed, pi. bru- don, to braid, twist, plait, draw. Brego, III. 2. lord, prince, chief, Breme, famed, celebrated. Bremel, II. 2. bramble. Breost, II. 3. breast ^ often used in the plural. Breotone, Britain. Brerd, brim, edge, summit. Bricg, II. 3. bridge, Bridel, II. 2. bridle. Bridd, II. 2. bird; in A. S. the young bird, pullus. Bridel-]>wancg, II. 2. bridle-thong, rein, frsenum. fBridgume (brydguma), bride- groom. Brim, II. 2. & III. 1. ocean, sea. Brim-libende, 1 _, . ^ > seaman. Brun-man, J Bringan, 1 pret. brohte, to bring. Gebringan, J Gr. 214. Brocen, gebrocen. See Brecan. Gebrocod, broken, maimed. Broga, terror, dread. /brohte, for gebrohte. SeeBringan. o2 196 GLOSSARY. Brosnian, to decay, perish. Brost, for breost. Bro-6, II. 1. broth. Bro])or, III. 2. brother, friar. Ger. Bruder, Dan. Broder. GebroSru, -a, III. 2. brethren. Gr. 96. Brucan, 3 brycS, pret. breac, pi. brucon, to use, e7ijoy, eat, with genit. Ger. brauchen, Dan. bruge. Brim, brown. Briin-ecg, brown-edged ; epithet of a sword, f/brusted, ibmstled, bristled, set with ; from byrst, bristle. Ger. Borste. fBruttes, Britons. Bryce, use, enjoyment. BrycS. See Brucan. Bryden, solid, firm. Brym. See Brim. Brymel. See Bremel. Bryne, II. 2. burning, fire. Bryton-land, II. 1. Britain. Brytta, dispenser, enjoyer, perpe- trator, bestower. Brytte, II. 2. Briton. Buan, 3 by'S, pret. bude, to dwell in, cultivate. Gr. 212. Bufan, above, from above. Bugan, 1 pret. beah, pi. bugon, Gfbilgan, / pp. gebogen, to bow, bend, stoop, yield, submit, turn. fBugge (bicgan), to buy. Biigian, to inhabit. Dan. bue. Buh6, for byhS. See Bugan. Bune, I. 3. cup. Jbunden, for gebunden. tBuod (beoS), shall be ^ from beon. Burae^, forgebyrac^. See Gebyrian. Burge, pret. subj. of beorgan. Bur-geteld, II. 1. bower-tent, pavi- lion. Burge- weall, II. 2. town-wall. Burh, burgh, city. Gr. 106, 108. Burh, Peterborough. Burh-leod, II. 3. townspeople. Burh-sittende, cily -dweller. Gr. 118. Burhwaru, townspeople. Gr. 104. fBuiie (burh), bury, burgh, town. Burigan,7o bury. /buriged, for geburiged. Burigen. See B}Tgen, Burst. See Byrst. Buruh, for burh. Butan. See Buton. fBute (l)utan), without. Buter-ge])weor, butter-ointment, butter ; from ]?wean, to anoint. Buterice, II. 2. leather bag or bot- tle, uter. Buton, save, except, unless, but, without. Butyre, I. 3. butter. fBuwen (bugan), to bow, submit. fBuuen, above. Gebycgan. See Bicgan. Bydel, II. 2. beadle, cryer, herald. Xid. }*"'''' ^""- Byldan, to excite, encourage. Gebyldan, to imagine, design, plan, devise, draw ; pp. gebyld. Ger. bilden. /byldan, for gebyldan. Bylewit. See Bilewit. ByHg, II. 2 .? bellows. Ger. Balg. Byme, trumpet. Gehjrdi, II. 3. and Gebyrdu, III. 3. birth. B\Te, II. 2. son, child. GLOSSARY. 197 Byre, II. 2. event, time ? Byrig, Bury in Suffolk. Byrgen, II. 3. tomb, sepulchre. Gr. 297. Gehyrmn, to be fitting, becoming, to beseem, to be (ones) duty, hap- pen. ByngenQiYrgeri), burying, sepulture. Byrnan, pret. barn, pi. burnon, to burn, ardere. Byrne, I. 3. cuirass, corslet. Dan. Br5aije. Bym-homa, cuirass, corslet. Bym- homas, p. 137, line 9, is proba- bly an error for bym-lioman. Byrn-wiga, 1 corsleited war- Byrn-wiggende, J rior. Gr. 118. Byrst, 11. 3. bristle. Ger. Gehjr-iid, for geb)rrd-tid, II. 3. nativity. Byrgen, II. 3. burthen. ByrJ^en, p. 124, line 48, should pro- bably be Ijur-fegn : where sup- posing Edward to be the son of Byrlitnoth's biir-fegn {chamber- lain), and fa (line 49) an error for ]?3et, .the passage, fane ge- ssede . f am bur-]?egne . fset he byre hsefde. becomes intelligi- ble, viz. he gave thanks to his chamberlain that he had {such) a son. Bysig, busy. Bysmer, infamy, insult, blasphemy. Gebysmerian. See Bismorian. Bysmerlice, disgracefully, contemp- tuously. Bysmorlic, disgraceful. Bysn, II. 3. example. C. Cadum, Caen. Cseg, II. 3. key. Caf, prompt, active. Caflice, promptly. Cald, cold. Gale, Chelle {la Celle or Celles) " in pa go Parisiaco, quasi centum stadiis a Lutetia, villa quondam regia, ad Maironam fluvium, in quo loco Bathildis Coenobium Sanctimonialium Virginum con- struxit." — Smith, ad Bedse H. E. Cain, Calne in Wiltshire. Camp, 1 11. 1 . battle, conflict. Gecamp, J Ger. Gekampfe. Campdom, warfare. Can. See Cunnan. Canon, canon. Cantelcap, II. 2. chanter s robe or cope. Dan. Kaabe. Cantwara burh, Canterbury. Gr. 106. Capitol, first, matutinalis. Capitula, chapter, chapter-house. Carfullice, carefully. Carian, to care, be solicitous. Castell, II. 1. toivn, village. Ceafu, III. 3. chaff. Ceallian, to call. Geceks. See Geceosan. Ceast, strife, murmuring. Ceaster, II. 3. city, town. Gr. 81, Ceaster-waru, III. 3.1 citizens, and pi. ceaster- wera, J townsmen. Gr. 104. Cellod, keeled ; applied to a shield, from the form of its external surface, resembling the bottom of a vessel. 198 GLOSSARY. Cempa, champion, soldier, Ger. Kiimpfer, Dan. Ksemper. C^ne, keen, hold, valiant, Ger. kiihn. Cennan, pret. c^nde, pp. cenned, to hear, hring forth. Cent-land, Kent. Ceorfan, pret. cearf, pi. curfon, to carve, cut. Ceorian, to murmur. Ceorl, II. 2. churl, freeman, laic. Ger. Kerl. Ceorung, murmuring, complaint. Ceosan, 1 3 p. he cyst, pret. ceas, G^eceosan, / 2 cure, pi. curon, pp. gecoren, to choose. Ceosel, II. 2 ? gravel, sand. Ger. Kiesel. Cepan, to take, keep, ohserve, hold; ileames cepan, to take to flight. Cerraii, 1 pret. cerde, to turn, re- Gecerran, J turn. Cese. See Cyse. Child, for cild. Chor, II. 2. choir, quire. Cidan, pret. cidde, to chide. Cigan, ■) ^ . > to call. Cr«?cigan, J end, II. 1 . child. Gr. 68. pi. cildra, ^Elfr. CoU. Cild-cla^, II. 2. child-cloth, swad- dling-cloth. Cild-cradol, II. 2. child-cradle. Cildhad, 11."^. childhood. Cin, of kin. G^cind. See Gecynd. Cinn, cynn. See Cyn. Cipan, to sell ; ciptun for cipton. Circe, I. 3. church. Ciriclic, churchlike, ecclesiastical. Cirman, to make a noise, cry out. Cirran, to return. Ci^an. See CySan. Clsen, clean, pure. Clsennis, cleanness, purity. Clsensian, 1 Clsensung, cleansing, puriflcation. Clauster, III. 1. cloister, inclosure. cm, II. 2. cloth. Cleafa, clyfa, room, cellar. Cleopian, to call, cry. Climban, pret. clamb, pi. clumbon, to climh. Clipian, clypian, i. q. cleopian. Clucgge, I. 3. clock, bell. Ger. Glocke, Dan. Klokke. Clud, II. 2. rock, cliff. Clufan, 3 clyfS, pret. cleaf, pi. clufon, to cleave. Gr. 250. Clypian, T . . ^1 . ? 1. Q- cleopian. Creclypian, J ^ ^ Clypigende, crying, {one) crying. Gr. 118. Clyppan, to embrace, make much of. Clypung, calling, crying. Clysung, inclosure. Cnapa, knave, hoy. Ger. Knabe. G^ecnawan, to know. See Oncna- wan. G^ecnedan, .to knead. G^ecneordlic, diligent. G^ecneordnys, study, diligence. Cneoris, generation, race, tribe. Cneow, III. 1. knee. fCnif, knife. Cniht, II. 2. knight, youth, military follower. Ger. Knecht. Cnihthad, II. 2. youth. f/cnwo (gecneow) knew : from ge- cnawan. Cnyll, knell, tolling. Ger. Knall. 1 GLOSSARY. 199 Gecnyrdnys, gecneordnys, study, care, diligence. Coc, II. 2. cook. Cohhetan, to cough ? Collan, p. 138, line 47, " morgen coUan; coUa, galea, inde mor- gen collan, mane summo et quasi diei vertice, prima luce." — Lye, Suppl. The meaning of the word is extremely doubtful. CoUen-ferhS, lofty-minded} possi- bly from Icel. kollr, galeatus. Comp-wig, II. 1 ? strife of battle. Coortan, cohorts. Gecoren, chosen, elect, decided. See Ceosan. /coren, for gecoren. Cprf, Corf castle. Com, II. 1. corn, seed, grain. Cosp, II. 2. hond, chain. Coss, II. 2. kiss. Ger. Kuss. Gecostan, to prove. Costian, -j Costnian, > to tempt, prove. G^ecostnian, J Costnigend, II. 2. tempter. Gr. 118. Costnuna:, 1 ^ ^ , . ^ ° > temptation. Costung, J GO'S, II. 3. disease. Crabbe, I. 3. crab. Ger. & Dan. Krabbe. Crseft, II. 2. art, craft, artifice, power. Craeftig, crafty, powerful. Ger. kraftig. Crafian, to crave, ask, require. Creaca-land, Greece. Ger. Grie- chenland. Creca-rice, Greece. Creda, creed. Creopan, 3 crypt5, pret. creap, pi. crupon, to creep. Creopend, creeping {thing), reptile. Gr. 118. Gecrincan, pret. -crane, pi. -crun- con, to cringe, fall, die. Crintgan, apparently an error for criucgan (gecrincan); which see ^ Cristen, II. 2. Christian. Cristendom, II. 2. Christendom, Christianity. Croc, a pot; croc-sceard, pot- sherd. Cruc, II. 3? crook, crutch. Cucen,-\ Cucon, > quick, living. Cucu, J Culfre, I. 3. culver, dove. Culter, coulter. Cuma, comer, guest ; cumena hus, inn. Cuman, 3 Gym's, pret. com. Gr. 237. Cumbol, II. 1. banner, standard. Cumbol-wiga, chief commander; from cumbol, banner, standard. fCume (cuma), guest. Cumh^nys, hospitality. Cunnan, iccan, pi. cunnon, pret. cu^e, to know, be able. Gr. 218, Cunnian, to try, tempt, attempt. Gecunnian, to prove, explore. fCusten (cyston), kissed; from cyssan. CiiS, known, certain, evident. CiiSa, acquaintance. tCut5e, maketh known, telleth. fCuSSe (cySSe), country. Cwalu, III. 3. death. f/cwemde, pleased, satisfied. See Gecweman. 200 GLOSSARY. to call. Gecweman, to please. Gecwemlice, agreeably, pleasingly. Cw^n, II. 3. queen. Cwe(5an, "I 3 p. he cwyS, pret. GecweSan, j cwseS, pi. cwiedon, to say, speak, Gr. 232. Cwdc, quick, alive, Cwdc-beam, II. 2. living tree. Cwidol, evil-tongued, maledicus. C"s\'yde, II. 2. saying, speech, word. Cwydrseden, 1 II. 3. agreement, Gecwydrseden, J compact. Gecwj\uia.n, to kill, destroy. Gecyd. See Cy];an. Cyfes-boren, hase-horn; from cyfes, II. 3. a concubine. Cygan, "1 Gecjgan, j Cyld, cyl, chill, cold. Cylle, II. 2. leathern bottle or bag. Lat. uter ? Cyme, coming, advent. Cyn, II. 1. kin, race, family. Gecynd, II. 1. nature, generation. Gecynd-boc, liber generationis. Genesis. Gr. 106. Gecynd-lim, III. 1. womb. Cyne, royal, noble, gentle. Cynelic, kingly, royal. Cyne-rof, royal, noble, renowned. Cyng, i. q. cyning. Cyng-ban, cin-ban, II. 1. chin- bone, jaw-bone. Cyning, II. 2. king. Cyninges tiin, Kingston on Thames. Cynren, III. 1. country , family . Cypan, to sell. Cypman, III. 2. chapman, mer- chant. Ger. Kaufmann, Dan. Kjobmand. Cyr, time. Fr. fois. Cyrce, I. 3. See Circe. Cyre, II. 2. will, choice, election. Cyrece-weard, II. 2. church-ward, sacristan. Cyricea, church. Cyrm, II. 2. cry, scream. Cyrnceaster, Cirencester. Cecyrran, to turn, return. Cyse, II. 2. cheese. Ger. Kase. Cys-gerunn, cheese; i. e. what is now called a cheese, from the same root as gerunnen, concre- tus, coagulatus. Hence our runnet. Cyssan, to kiss. Ger. kiissen. Cystig, bountiful. Cystlice, bountifully. Cyte, I. 3. cot. Cy6, II, 3. knowledge, familiarity . Cy6, know. See CySan. CyJ)an, "1 pret. cy^de (cydde), to Gecy^an, J make known, let know, announce, tell, devise. Cyfere, 11. 2. martyr, witness. Gecyjjnis, witness, testament, com- pact, fcedus; gecy^nisse cyfan, to testify. Dsed, II. Z.deed, action. Dsedbetan, to repent, make retribu- tion. D^d-bot, II. 3. deed-reparation, re- pentance, retribution. Dseg, II. 2. day. Dan. Dag, Ger. Tag. Dseges, by day. Gr. 108. Doegred, 11. 1. day red, dawn. D8egredhc,adj. morning, matutinus. Deeg-weorc, II. 1. day's work. Daeg-wist, II. 3. daily j-epast. f/dscied, died? GLOSSARY. 201 Dsel, II. 2. deal, part. Dan. Del, Ger. Theil. Dselan, ^ to deal, divide, bestow, Gedsclan, J spend. Dself. See Delf. DaeS, for deaS. (redafenian, gedafnian, to befitting, decere, oportere, convenire ; gov. dat. G^edafenlice, properly, decently ? Dafnian, i. q. gedafenian. Dagian, to dawn. Dagung, dawning. fDalest, dealest, &c. from dselan. Par, II. 3. destruction, injury; whence Derian. DaroS, II. 2. dart. fDaw (dseg), day. Dead, dead. Deadlic, mortal. Deaf, deaf. Deali. See Dugan. Dear. See Dearran. Dearc, i. q. deorc. Deamunga, secretly, privately. Dearran, ic dear, we durron, pret. dorste (dyrste), to dare. Gr. 218. Deaw, II. 2. dew. DeaS, II. 2. death. G^edefen, opportune, fitting, due. Delf, . "I II. 1. delving, the act of Gedelf, J digging. Delfan, 3 dylffi, pret. dealf, pi. dulfon, to delve, dig. Gr. 242. Dema, judge, governor, v. deman, to doom, judge. Hence the word dempster. Deman, 1 to deem, judge, decide, Cedeman, J doom. f/demed, for gedemed, resolved, judged; from deman. Den, for denu, den, cavity, valley. Geden, probably for gedydon, car- ried, transferred, p. 41, line 23. Deniscse, for deniscan. Dense, Danish. Dan. Dansk. Denu, III. 3. den, cave, valley. Deofol, deofl, II. 2. devil. Deofel-seocnes, II. 3. devil-sick- ness, i. e. possession by a devil. Deo^ic, devilish. Deofulcund, devilish, diabolical. Deop, deep, profound. Deoplice, deeply, profoundly. Deopnys, deepness, mystery. Deor, II. 1. beast, animal. Ger. Thier, Dan. Dyr. Deor. See Dearran. Deorc, dark. Deorcse, for deorce, darkly. Deor-cyn, II. 1. kind of beast. G^edeorf, tribulation, labour. Deorfan, 1 pret. dearf, pl.durfon, Gedeorfan, / to work, toil. DeorwyrSe, precious. Der, for deor. Derian, to hurt, injure. Diacon, II. 2. deacon, levite. Die, II. 2. dyke, ditch. Digel, II. 3. secret. Digel (digol), 1 dark, secret, ob- Digle, J scure. Digellice, secretly, privily. Digelnys, secrecy, privacy. Diht, II. 3. dispensation, contri- vance, command. /diht, prepared, for gediht. See Gedihtan. Gedihtan, to dispose, order, prepare. fDihten (dihtan), to frame, order, indite. Dimme, dimly. 202 GLOSSARY. Dior, i. q. deor. Doc-cyng, Docking in Norfolk, near Hunstanton and Snettisham, call- ed Dry Docking. Dogor, II. 2. day of twenty -four hours. Do3e(5e (dugu'S), men, followers. tDohge]? (dugu6), truth, &c. Dohte. See Dugan. Dohtor, doliter, III. 2. daughter. Dolh-wund, wounded with a sword or dagger. Dom, II. 2. doom, judgement, sway , power, victory. Domlice, powerfully, effectually, bountifully. Don, "I 3 de« (d6(5), pret. dyde, Gedion, J pp. gedon, to do, make, put, pour. Ger. thun. Gr. 212. Donde, for donne, p. 40, line 7. Dorceceaster, Dorchester. Dorste. See Dear. fDotie, to he of good, from dugan; Gr. 218.> or, to fear. Fr. re- douter? D6t$. See Don. Dream, II. ^.joy, delight, melody. Drecan, 1 pret. drehte, pp. Gedrecan, J dreht, to vex, afflict, torment. Gedrefan, to trouble, offend. GedTeht,vewed, afflicted, tormented; from gedrecan. Drenc, II. 2. drink, potation. Drencan, to drench. Gr. 347. Dreng, II. 2. brave man, guard, sa- telles. Isl. Drengr. Dreogan, 3 dryhS, pret. dreag, pi. drugon, to do. It. to suffer. Gedreog, p. 80, line 12, drying, rubbing ? Dreorig, dreary, sad; dreoriglice, sadly. It. gory. Dreorilice, drearily, mournfully. Dreorignys, dreariness, melancholy, sorrow. Gedrif, p. 98 ? Drifan, pret. drsef, 2 drife, to drive. Drigan, to dry. Drignis, dryness. fDrihlich (drihtlic), lordly, noble. Drihten, II. 2. lord. Gedrinc, II. 1. drink, drinking. Drincan, pret. dranc, pi. druncon, to drink. Drogan, for drugon. See Dreogan. Drohtian, "| ,. Drolitman,/^"^^^"'^^"^^^^'"")- Drohtnimg, life, conduct. Druncen, dmnken, drunk. Druncenhed, drunkenness. Dry, II. 2. wizard, magician. Drycrseft, II. 2. witchcraft, magic. Drycrseftig, skilled in witchcraft. Dryhten, i. q. drihten. Dryhtenlic, dominicalis. Dryht-guma, follower, satelles. Drypan, to drip, drop. fDude (dyde), did -, from don. fiduden (dydon), did. Dugan, pres. deah, pi. dugon, pret. dohte, ^0 help, be good for. Gr. 218. DuguS, II. 3. good, benefit, happi- ness, followers, nobility. tDu3den (duguS), nobles. Dumb, dumb. Diin, II. 3. down, mountain. Dune, down. Dureleas, doorless. fDurewurS (deorw}Tt?), costly, pre- cious. GLOSSARY. 203 Durron. See Dearran. Duru, III. 3. door ; p. 88, Hne 29, dure occurs in the ace. pi. Gr. 105. Dust, II. 1. dust. Gedwild, III. 1. error, heresy. Gedwimorlice, in a fantastic or il- lusory manner. Gedwola, i. q. gedwolman. DwoUice, erroneously . Gedwolman, III. 2. heretic ; from gedwyld, error, &c. Gedwolsom, erroneous, heretical. Dwyld, sin. See Gedwild. Dyde. See Don. Dyderung, illusion, enchantment, dissembling. Dynian, to make a din. Dyr, dear, precious. D}Tste. See Dearran. G^edyrsod, p. 140, line 21 .? Dyrstelice", daringly, rashly. Dyrstig, daring, hold. Gedyrstlsecan, pret. -Isehte, to dare, presume, venture. Dyr^vyr^e. See DeorwyrSe. absurd. Ea, II. 3. river. Dan. Aa. Gr. 85. Eac,eA;e, a/50, moreover; eac swylce, also, likewise, in like manner. Eaca, I. 2? increase. Eacnian, 1 to conceive, bring Geeacnian, J forth, to increase, quicken, make pregnant. Ead, happiness, prosperity. Ead-hreSig, exulting in prosperity or success. Eadig, J/esserf, happy, affluent, felix. Eadmed, humility, reverence. G^eeadmedan, to worship, adore, prostrate, humble. Eadmedlice, humbly. Geeadmettan, i. q. Geeadmedan. Eadmod, humble. Eadmodlic, humble, respectful; ead- modlice, humbly. fEseh-sen (eage-syn), eyesight, pre- sence. Ea-gang, II. 2. course or bed of a river. Eage, I. 1. eye. l^^'""'] eight. Eahte, J , ^ EateoS, eighth. Eahteteone, eighteen. Eala, Oh ! alas I Eald, old. Ealda-fseder, grandfather, avus. Gr. 97. Ealddom, H. 2. age. Eald-hettende, old persecutor. Gr. 118. Ealdian, to grow old. Ealdnys, age. Ealdor, II. 2. elder, chief, prince, ancestor. Ealdor, II. 3. life. Ealdorman, III. 2. alderman, sena- tor, chief, dux. Ealdorscype, supremacy , first place. Ealdor -fegn, II. 2. chief officer. Ealdung, age. Eall, all; mid eaUe, totally. Ealles, totally. Eallunga, totally, quite, prorsus, omnino. Ealswa, as, like as. Ealu, III. 3. ale. Earc, II. 3. ark, chest. 204 GLOSSARY. Eard, II. 2. country, habitation. Eardian, to inhabit, dwell in, settle in. Bare, I. 1. ear. EarfoSlice, difficultly, hardly. EarfoSays, difficulty, trouble. 'EsltIi, fugitive, cowardly. Earm, II. 2. arm. Eajm, poor, miserable. Ger. arm. Earming, II. 2. poor miserable being. Earmlic, miserable. Earmlice, miserably. Earn, II. 2. eagle. Dan. Orn. G^eearnian, to earn, gain, attain, merit. Geearnung, merit, desert. G^eearwian, to prepare. Eastan, /rom the east. Gr. 339. East-Engla, East Angles. Easter, pi. eastra, Easter. Easter-dseg, II. 2. Easter-day, Pass- over. Easterlic, adj., Easter. Eastern, eastern, oriental. Ea-ste^, III. 1. river's bank. fEastres, (O. Fr. estres,) being, con- dition, state, particularly internal-, as, connaitre les etres d'un bati- ment, i. e. to know all the rooms, passages, stairs, &c. See Roque- fort, Tyrwhitt's Gloss, to Cant. T. ; Heame's, to P. Langtoft; Weber's, to Metrical Romances ; and Boucher, voce Aistre. Eastweard, eastward. Eawf est, pious, religious. Ea^e, easily ; eaSost, most easily. Ea])elice, easily, readily. EaSmed, humble ; mid ea^medum. G^e-eaSmodan, to vouchsafe. Ebbe, I. 3. ebb. Ece, II. 2. ache, pain. Ece, eternal. Ecg, edge. Ecg-plega, edge-play, conflict. fEche (ece), eternal. Ecnys (ecnes), eternity. Edlean, II. 1? reward. Edwist, substance. Edwit, reproach, contumely. Efen, even, just ; efen feolo, just as many. Ger. eben so viel. Efen-eald, coeval, comrade of like age. Efen- ece, coeternal. Efenlsecan, "1 pret. -Isehte, to imi- GeefenlcBcan, J tate. Efenlsecung, imitation. Efenlic, even, equal; efenlice, in like manner, also. Efern, evening. Eferwic, Eoferwic, York. Efne, lo ! behold ! even. Fr. meme, exactly, just. Ger. eben. Efor, efer, II. 2. wild boar, Ger. Eber. Efsian, to shave. Efstan, to hasten. Eft, again, after. Ege, II. 2. fear, dread. Egessi, fear, dread. Egesfiill, dreadful. Egeslic, dreadful, horrible. Eggemaere, Egmore in Norfolk, near Holkham. fEggwliser (seghwser), everywhere. Eglan, to affiict, annoy. Ehta, ealita, eight. Ehtian, to follow, persecute. Ehtnys, 1 Eihwelc, for seghwylc. tEille, evil, ill. GLOSSARY. 205 tEkenn(ecan), to eke, add, increase, enlarge ; ekedd, added. Elcung, delay, expectation. Ele, II. 2. oil Elig, Ely. Ellen, valour, fortitude. EUen-dsed, II. 3. valiant deed.^ Ellen-rof, famed for courage, bold. EUen-spreec, II. 3. hold speech. Ellenwodaes* zeal. Ellen-prisfce, boldly daring. Elles, else, otherwise. Ellor, elsewhere. Elmes-Lilaf, II. 2. alms-loaf, Elmesse, I. 3. alms. Eln, II. 3. ell. Elnian, to strengthen, comfort. Elfeod, II. 3. foreign nation, fo- reigner. Elj>eodig, foreign, foreigner. El}>eodignes, "I living in a foreign Eljjeodung, / land; in (on) el- J>eodigaes, abroad, peregre. Embe, about. Gr. a^xtpX, Ger. um, Dan. om. G^eembehtian, to serve, minister. EmbsniSan, to circumcise ; from smSan, to cut. Emn, even, level, plain; on emn, even with, by the side of. Ende, II. 2. end, extremity. tEnde, p. 164, line II, species, kind ? Endebirdnis, arrangement, order ; purh endebyrdnis, in turn. Geendebyrdan, '1 to order, place, Endebyrdian, j arrange. Endemes, at length, at last. Endenext, latter, last. Endenybst, i. q. endenexst. Geendian, to end, finish. Endlyft, eleventh. Geendung, end. Engel, II. 2. angel. Ger. & Dan. Engel. Englisc, English, Anglo-Saxon. Ent, II. 2. giant. Geodon, for eodon. Eodorcan, to ruminate. Eode. See Gan. Eoh, II. 2. horse. Old Sax. Ehu. fEon (on), on, in. Geond, through, over, per. Eondscynan. See Geondscinan. Eorl, II. 2. earl, man. Eomoste, earnestly, vigorously. Eornostlice, earnestly, so, notv, therefore. Eor^e, eorSu, I. 3. earth, land. EorSfsest, fast in the earth. Eor5-hus, II. I. earth-house, grave. EorSlic, earthly. Eor^-rice, III. I. world. Eor^-tilS, II. 3? earth-tilling, agri- culture. Eor6-tyrewe, I. I? earth-tar, bitu- men. Ger.Tbeer, Dan.Tjere, tar. Eowan, ~l ^ , _, . ) to show. Eowian, J Eow, you, to you. Gr. 137. Eower, your. Gr. 137. Erbe, for yrfe. Erce, arch, as in archbisbop ; erce- modor, the earth. Dan. erke. Ercebisceop, II. 2. archbishop. Erendraca. See ^rendraca. Erfeland, II. I. hereditary land. Ger. Erbland, Dan. Arveland. Erian, to plough. ErmS, i. q. yrmS. Ern, II. 1. house, place. Esne,II.2. man, young man, servant. 206 GLOSSARY. Esol, II. 2. ass. Ger. Esel. Estfull, kind, benignant. Etan, pret. aet, to eat. Gr. 228. Ewunga, openly, puhlicly. E6, comp. of eaS, easy ; J)y e(5, the more easily. E])elice, easily. Ej)el, II. 2. country, home ; epel is neuter, p. 49, line 23. E6el-weard, II. 2. keeper or i-uler of a country. Facg, II. \. plaice} platesia. Facn, III. \. fraud, guile, dolus. Grfadian, to arrange, order, manage. Faec, II. 1. space, interval. Fseder, III. 1. father. Gr. 97. Faederlice, paternally. Fsege, fated, moribundus. Fsegenian. See Fsegnian. Fxger, fair, good; isegere, fairly. Fsegerlic, violently } Fsegeuijs, fairness, beauty. Faegnian, to fawn, rejoice. FsehS, II. 3. feud, hate, hostility. Ger. Feide. fFseirlich, sudden, unexpected. fFaeisiS (weg-si6 ?) departure, death. Faemne, I. 3. damsel, maiden. Fsemnhad, II. 2. maidenhood, vir- ginity. Gr. 302. Faer, journey. Fser, (in composition) sudden, dread- ful, dire. Fsereld, way, going, gressus. Fseringa, suddenly. Fserlic, sudden, dangerous ; feerlice, suddenly. Ger. gefahrlich, Dan. farlig. Fc)er-scea|)a, I. 2. fierce, dangerous robber. Faer here seems cognate with the Teutonic and Scandi- navian fiihr and far, as in gefahr- lich Ger., farlig Dan., dangerous. Faer$. See Far an. Faestan, to fast. Gr. 208. Faeste, fast. Faesten, III. ] } fast, jejunium. Fsesten, III. 1. fastness, fortress, citadel. Faestlic, strong, firm, irresistible ^ faestlice, firmly. Faestnian, 1 ^ /• ^ /. 4^ r ' ( to fasten, confirm. Gefaestman, J Fsestnls, fastness, firmness, bulwark, firmament. Faestnung, confirmation. Faet, III. 1. vessel, fat. Ger. Fass, Dan. Fad. Gr. 88. Faetels, II. 2. bag, sack, purse. Faett, adj./af. Fsepem, II. 2? fathom, cubit, em- brace, bosom, protection. Fah, variegated, glittering. fFainen, p. 164, line 26? Fdine])]>,falleth. Fandung, temptation, trial, proba- tion, inquiry. Gefangen, taken (prisoner). See Fon. Ger. gefangen. Fann, II. S} fan. Far, II. 3. fare, course, journey, way. } Fare, II. 2. course. /faren, for gefaren. Famea, Feme Island ? Farrien (faran), to fare, go. Fat-sylre, p. 118, line 24? Faran, 1 3 faerS, pret. for, pp. Gefaran, J faren, to go, journey. GLOSSARY. 207 [few. Fax, for feax. Fa?5em. See FseSem. Geiesi, Joy. Geieaht. See Feohtan. Feallan, 1 3 fylS, pret. feoU, to GrfeaUanJ /aZ/. Gr. 234. Feala. See Fela. Fealu, fealo, fallow, dun, yellow, golden. Fear, II. 2. bullock. Feaw, Feawa, Feax, II. 1. hair, lock, coma csesa- ries. Gefecgan, gefeccan, pret. -fehte, to fetch, carry off. Fedan, 3 fett, to feed, also to bring forth. Dan. fode. Fefor, II. 'I. fever. Feing, for fang, clasp, grasp. Feimes, for faegemys. Fel, II, 1. skin, hide. Fela, much, many. Ger. viel. Feld, II. 2. field. Gr. 76. fFele (fela), many, much. Fell. See Fel. fFelle, M;e//? Fellen, leathern, also a felt, skin. Fen, II. l.fen. Gefeng, took. See Fon. fFeo (feoh), money, wealth. Feoh, III. 1. cattle, money. Gr. 91. G^efeoht, III. \. fight, battle. Feohtan, "I to fight. 3 fyht, pret. Gefeohtan, J feaht, pi. fuhton, pp. fohten. 2) to gain {by fight- ing). See also Geslean. Feol,//e; feol-heard,^/e- ^arc?, hard as a file ; an epithet given to a spear. GefeoX. See Feallan. Feolde, for folde. Feolian, to file. Gefeon, pret. -feah, part, -feonde, to rejoice. Feond, II. 2. enemy. Ger. Feind, Dan. Fjende. Feond-sceaSa, hostile ruffian. Feon-land, fen-land. Feor, far. Feorh, III. 1. life. Gr. 91. Feorh-hus, II. 1. life-house, body. Feorran, afar, from afar. Gr. 339. Feowerscyte, quadrangular ; from scyt or sceat, angle. Feowertyne, fourteen. Feowurtig, forty. Geier, III. 1 } company, society. Gefersi, companion. Geferaeden, II. 3. society, fellow- Feran, to go, proceed, fare. Gr. 347. Ferd, for fyrd. fFerde (iyrd), army. Ferht^e, p. 138, 1. 54, probably an error for fort5, or a word may be wanting, as cearige, after ferhSe. Ferh^-gleaw, prudent -minded, sa- gacious. Ferian, to bear, carry, go. Geiexod. See Ferian. fFerren (feorran), from afar, fo- reign. Fers, II. 1. verse. Fersafeld, Fersfield in Norfolk. Fer&c, fresh, not salt. Geferscipe, company. Ferwernan, for forwyrnan. Feste, for f8este,ya5^. Gefestnian. See Gefsestnian. 208 GLOSSARY. Fetigan, to fetch. Fett. See Fedan. Fettian, to contend. fFettle (faetels), vessel. Fe])a, band, body. Fe6e-last, on foot ; from feSe, step, and last, trach, footstep. Feper, III. \. feather, wing. Feeling, footing, walking. Fic-treow, III. \. fig-tree. Gr. 88. Fif-Byrig, viz. Leicester', Lincoln, Nottingham, Stamford, and Der- by. " Illse, opinor, quas ereptas de manibus Danorum ab Ead- mundo rege, diserte memorant Annales nostri An. dccccxlii. Unde etiam nomen traxisse ve- risimile est ; quod scil. Rex ita prospera usus est fortuna, ut omnes uno anno in suam potes- tatem redegerit." — Gibson. Fifteo'Sa, -q, fiftieth. Fild, plain, champaign. tFiUenn, to fill, fulfil. Cefillan, to fill. Findan, 2 finst, 3 fint, pret. fand, pi. fundon, to find. Finger, II. 2. finger. Finol, fennel. Fir, II. 2. man, vir. Firmest. See Fyrmest. First. See Fyrst. Fisc, II. 2. fish. Gr. 77. Fisc-cyn, II. \. fish-species. Fiscere, II. 2. fisher. Fixas, pi. of fisc. Gr. 77. Fixian, to fish. Fifel. II. 3} fiddle. Flsesc, II. I. fiesh. Ger. Fleisch. Geflseschamian, to clothe with fiesh, render incarnate. Flaesclic, fleshly. Flaesc-mete, II. 2. flesh-meat. Flan, n. 3. dart. Flasc, pi. flaxas, II. 2. ^ flask, lea- Flaxa, I. 3. J them bot- tle, fiasco. Gr. 77. Fleiim, II. 2. flight. Flede, flood. It. adj. swelled. Fleogan, fleon, pret. fieab, pi. flu- gon, imperat. fieoh, to flee, fly. Gr. 192, 235, 250. Fleogende, flying. Fleoh-net, II. I. fly -net. Fleon. See Fleogan. Flesc. See Flsesc. Flett, II. 1 ? house, couch. Icel. flet. Flet-sittende, sitting on couches, in convivio accumbentes. Fligan. See Afiigan, tFH3 (fieoh), /y/ Flion, i. q. fleon. Gefiit, III. 1. contest, dispute. Flitan, pret. flat, pi. fliton, to dis- pute, contend, flght. Floe, flock, band, body. Floe, II. I. sole} platissa. Flod, II. 1. & II. 2. flood. Dan. Flod. See p. 80, line 20, and p. 123, line 18. Flor, II. 3. 1 ^ > floor, pavement, story. Flot, on flot feran, to go afloat ? Flota, fleet, sailor. Flotan, to float. Flat, float ; onflote, afloat. Flot-here, II. 2. band of seamen. Flot-man, III. 2. sailor. Flowende, flowing. Fliid, for fiod. Flyht, flight. Geflyman, to put to flight, rout. GLOSSARY. 209 Flys, fleece, fur. Foda, fodda, /ooc?, support. Foder, fodder, II. \. fodder, food. Ger. Futter. Fohte, p. 124, line 13, for feohte; pa W3es feohte neh, then was the con- flict nigh. Fola, foal. Folc, ll. 1. folk, people. Ger. Volk. Folcisc, vulgar; folcisce menn, common people. Folclic, popular. Folc-stede, II. 2. place of nations, field of battle. Folc-toga, leader of people. Folde, I. 3. earth. Folgere, II. 2. follower. Folgian, i. q. fylian. Folm, hand, member. The form of this word seems doubtful ; in the pi. it occurs only of the simple order, while p. 133, line 42, it appears to be of the complex, when used in the singular. Fon, "I 3 feht5, pret. feng, to re- Gefon, J ceive, take, begin ; fon to )?am rice, succeed to the king- dom, undertake the government. tFondien (fandian), to prove, try. For, II. 3. way, journey, voyage. For, See Faran. For, for, by reason of. For, before, prse, coram. For, /or, notwithstanding. It. too, very. Dan. for. For raj)e, too quickly ; for wel oft, very often ; for an, only. Foran, before ; foran to, previously. Forbaeman, to burn, to be burned. Ger. verbrennen. Forbeodan, pret. -bead, pi. -budon, pp. -boden, to forbid. Forbigan, 1 to bow, bend, humble, Forbigean, J decline, avoid. Gr. 347. fForblenndedd (forblindod), blind- ed. Forbredan, to precipitate, over- throw, prostrate. Forbugan, to eschew, avoid, with- draw from. See Bugan. Forbygan, 3 -byg^ (-l>yt5), pret. to bend, break, humble. Forbyman, v. n. pret. -barn, pi. -bumon, to burn, ardere. ForbyS. See Forbigan. Forceorfan, pret. -cearf, pi. -cur- fon, pp. -corf en, to cut off, prse- cidere. Ford, II. "l.ford. tFordemen(fordeman), to condemn. Fordon, to ruin, destroy. See Don. Fordrifan, to drive, bear away. See Drifan. Fore,yor, over, before, per, as fore- msere, permagnus ; fore-wesan, praeesse. Forealdian, to grow old. Fore-cweden, aforesaid. Foregenga, foregoer, attendant. Fore-gleaw, foreseeing , providus. Forensprsecen, beforementioned. Fore&sed, foresaid. See Secgan. Foresceawian, to foresee, pre-or- dain. Fores'eon, to foresee. See Geseon. Foreseonde, Providence; from fore- seen. Foresetnes, purpose. Foresprsec, II. S. prediction. Foresprecen, beforementioned. 210 GLOSSARY. Forest6ppan, pret. -stop, to step before, precede. Forewerd, forward, early. Forfaren, ruined, destroyed. Forfela, very many. Forfleon, to flee from, escape. See Fle6n. fForfuse (forfysan), to drive away. Forgeldan, 3 -gylt, pret. -geald, pi. -guidon, to pay, requite. Forgifan, to forgive, give, grant. See Gifan. Forgifenis. See Forgyfenes. Forgripan, pret. -grap, pi. -gripon, to seize. Forgyfenes, forgiveness. Forgyldan, pret. -geald, pi. -gui- don, pp. -golden, to pay, requite, compensate. Forgymeleasian, to neglect. Forheawan, pret. -heow, to cut down, slay, mangle. Forhergian, to harry, plunder. Forhergung, II. 3. ravage, devas- tation. Forhogian, to despise. Forhohnes, forhogednes, contempt. fForhowede (forhogode), despised. Forhradian, to get hefore^ prevent. Forhtfull, fearful. Forhtian, to fear-, forhtigende, fearing. Forhtlice, fearfully. fForhuste, despised ? Probably should be forhucste, from hucse, contumely, contempt. For-hwaega, however, saltern. Forhwerfian, to turn, change. Forlaetan, pret. -let, to leave, let, forsake, leave off; in-forlsetan, to let in. Forleoran, to leave. Forleosan, 3 -lyst, pret. -leas, 2 -lure, pi. -luron, to lose. Gr. 251 . Forlidenes, shipwreck. Forligere, III. \. fornication. Forloren, lost. See Forleosan. Forlyst. See Forleosan. Forma (se) (seo, J?8et) forme, first. Forrotodnys, rottenness, corrup- tion. tForrwerrpen (forweorpan), to cast away, reject. tForr]?i, because. Dan. fordi. Forsacan, pret. -soc, to forsake, re- fuse, deny. Forsceadan, pret. -sceod, pp. -scea- den, to scatter. Forsceame, p. 78, line 27, probably an error for forsceamode, from forsceamian, to be ashamed. Forsceden, for forsceaden. See Forsceadan. Forsceoppan, to miscreate, trans^ form. This word seems used in- correctly for forscyppan. Forscrincan, pret. -scranc, pi. -scruncon, to shrink, wither. Forsearian, to sear, dry, wither. Forseon, to despise. See Seon. Forseon, v.. refl., to err, sin. Ger. sich versehen. Forsetnes, resolution, continuation. Forslean, 3 -slyS, pret. -sloh, pp. -slegen (-slagen), to slay, beat, strike off. Forspillan, to destroy. Ger. ver- spillen. Forsuwian, to be silent, refrain from uttering, pass in silence. Forswelgan, 3 -swyl^, pret. -swealh, pi. -swulgon, to devour. GLOSSARY. 211 Forsworen, forsworn, perjured; from forswaeran. Forutan, without. Forwegen, prostrate ? Forweor^an (forwyrSan), to perish, be ruined. See Weor^an. Forwerod, worn out, old. fForwerrpenn, to cast away, reject. fForwurnen (forwymanj, to refuse, forbid, prohibit from. Forwyrcan, pret. -wyrhte, to punish, injure. Forwyrd, II. 3? destruction, ruin. Forwyman, to refuse, deny, pre- vent : governs gen. of the thing. ForS, forth. For-fam, because, therefore; for|)am J>e, because that. ForS-ateon, pret. -teah, pi. -tugon, to bring forth, produce. Fot^-heran, to bear forth. SeeBe- ran. For5-bringan,pret. -brohte, to bring forth. tForSe (fiir])on), indeed, even, qui- dem. +For]}eddte (forjjode), furthered, forwarded ; from forj^ian. ForS-faran, pret. -for, to go forth, depart, die ; forSfaren, dead. Fort5-feran, to depart, go forth, die. It. to bear forth; fortSfered, borne forth, dead. For5-f6r, II. 3. departure, death. FotS-gan, "X to proceed, go forth. ForS-gangan, J See Gan. ForS-geom, anxious to go forth, in- trepid. ForJ)i, therefore, on that account, for, because. Dan. fordi. Gefor])ian, to further, execute. For^-lsestan, to continue, fulfil, per- form, execute. For-Son, because, therefore. ForS-sit5, II. 2. departure, death. ForS-stseppan, pret. -stop, to step forth, proceed, emanate. ForS-teon, to carry on, protrahere, produce. See Teon. ForJ?y. See ForJ)i. ForSyldegan, "I to bear patiently, ForJ^yldian, J endure. Forfylmed, enveloped, surrounded. Cod. Exon. 60, a. ForSyman, to run on, continue. Fot, III. 1. foot. Gr. 96. Fot-cops, II. 2. fetter. Fot-msel, foot-measure. Fot-scamel, II. 2} foot -stool. Dan. Fodskammel. Fot-spure, scabellum. — Gibson. Fot-swaetSe, III. I. foot-trace. Fracod, fraced, shameful, vile, in- decent. Frsecednys, peril. Fraeng. See Fregnan. Gefraetewian, to fret, adorn. Fraetewung, decoration, ornament. Fraetu, III. 1. omamentum. Gr.95. Fram, /rom, by. tFrame (freme), profit, benefit. Fram-gewitan, to depart from. See Gewitan. Framian, to promote, profit, pro- desse. Franca, ^'cfve/m. Frea, lord, chief. M. G. Frauja, Ger. fern. Frau. Frecnys, danger. Gefredan, to feel, perceive. Frefrian, Gefrefrian, . * 7 to console, comfort. nan, J p2 212 GLOSSARY. Fregnan, "I pret. fraegn (frseng), Gefregnan, J pi. frugnon, pp. fninen, to ask, inquire. It. to hear, learn, understand. In like manner, axian signifies both to ask and to be informed {of any- thing). So also the M. G. fraih- nan, O. Sax. [gifrsegnan] , and Dan. sporge, Isl. spyija, investi- gare, quserere, 2) rescire. Fremde, fremed, strange, foreign, alien. Ger. fremd, Dan. frem- med. Fremful, efficacious, useful. Fremian, "I to effect, perfect, ac- Gefremian, J complish, promote, improve, benefit. Fremsumnes, kindness, beneficence. Frensisc, French. Freo, free, liberal, noble. Freode, II. 2? peace, friendship. Ger. Friede. Freoh. See Freo. Freols, II. 2. festival. Freols-tid, II. 3. feast -time. Freond, II. 2. friend. Freorig, freezing, chilly, shudder- ing. Freoscipe, ingenuousness. Frigdaeg, II. 2. Friday. Frimdi, frimdig, suppliant. FrimS. See FrymS. Fri6, II. 2. peace. Ger. Friede. FriSes, adv., in peace. GefriSian, to free, release. Frod, stricken {in years), aged, con- fectus, wise, prudent. Frofor, frofer, II. 3. comfort; se frofor-gast, the comforting spirit. From, bold, strenuous, pious. Ger. from, pious. From. See Fram. Fromlice, strenuously, actively. Fronden, for freondum. Frum, a prefix signifying /rs^ Fruma, beginning. Frum-cenned, first -born; from c^n- nan. Frum -gar, II. 2. chieftain. Frumsceaft, II. 2? beginning of things, creation. FrymS, II. 2. beginning, origin. Frympelic, primitive. Fugel-cyn, II. 1. bird species. Fugelere, II. 2. fowler. Fugl, fugel, fugol, II. 2.foivl, bird. Ger. Vogel, Dan. Fugl. Fu\, foul. Fulaet, for fula«. fFulde (fylde), felled, slew ; from fyllan. fFulede (fylode), followed; from fylian. Fulfremed, perfect. N.B. fulfre- medre, at p. 33, line 5, seems an error for fulfremedra. Fulfremednys, perfection. Fulfremman, to execute, accomplish, perfect. Fulian, to foul, corrumpi. Full, full, .complete. fFuIle (feollon),/e/Z; fromfeallan. Fullian, 1 . t .. ^ . ■,.. r io baptize. Gefullian,/ ^ FuHlice, fully, entirely. Fulluht, II. 2. baptism. Gr. 308. Fulluhtere, II. 2. baptizer, baptist. Fultum, II. 2. help, support, force. Gefultumian, to favour, support ; to gefultumian, to help to. Fulwiht, i. q. fulluht. Furh, II. 3. furrow. GLOSSARY. 213 ¥\xf6, forth ; iwT^r^, further, prior; fyrmest, fr St. Gr. 51. Furjjon, indeed, only, even, more- over, vel, quidem. Fur^or, further. Fus, prompt, impetuous. iF\isde(fy&de), started; from fysan. fFuse, will drive away ; from fysan. Fuse, promptly, rapidly. Fyl, file. See Feol. Fyl, II. 3. falling, slaughter. It. glut. See Fyll. Fylsen. See Fulian. . Fulgan, to fill. Fylgean. See Fylgian. Fyligan, fylian, to follow. Fyll, II. S. falling, slaughter ; from fylian, to fell. It. fill, glut, from fylian, to fill. Fylian, ^ to fill, feed, fulfil, occu- Gefyllan, J py. Fylian, to fell, slay. Cefyllednis, fullness, fulfilment, completion. Gefylsta, helper, supporter, succour. Fynd, pi. of feond. Gr. 100. Fyr, II. I. fire. Fyr. See Feor. Fyrd, II. 3. army, march, military expedition. Fyrd-rinc, II. 2. warrior. Fyrd-wic, II. 1? tent ; in pi. camp. Fyren, sinful, wicked. FyreWitnys, curiosity. Fyrhtu, III. S.fear, horror, dread. Gr. 103. Fyrmest, /oremos^, first. rf ' ( of old, long since. Fyr-spearca, fire- spark. Fyr&t, first', chief. Fyrst, II . 2 . space, period. Ger . Frist. FyrSrian, to further, promote. Fyrwit, curiosity. Ger. Vorwitz. Fysan, to drive, send forth (arrows), send away. Fysan, recipr. to hasten, rush. G. Gad, II. 3. goad. G^egaderian, to gather, collect. Cegaderung, gathering, congrega- tion. Gad-isen, II. 1. goad-iron. Gaeignes-burh, Gainsborough. Gsemenigende, gaming, playing. tGaer, geare, certainly ? Of so6e gaer witelest, in sooth certainly the most artless. Gaers, II. 1. grass. Gr. 68. Gserstapa, grasshopper, locust. Gaest, for gast. Gaet. See Geat. Gsey-seet, afterwards Geist, now Guist, inNorf oik, near Fakenham. Gafeluc, gaueloc, II. 2. javelin. Isl. Gaflok. Gafol, tribute. Galferh'5, libidinous. Galm6d,/MnoM5, libidinous. Dan. gal. Gan, gangan, 3 gsetS (ga'S), pret. eode, to go, walk. Gr. 212. Gegan, 1 to take, capture, gain, Gegangan, J get. Gandis, Gyndes, a river of Assyria. Gang, II. 2. gait, course, house of office. Gangan. See Gan. Gar, II. 2. weapon, spear, javelin. This, like some others of the 214. GLOSSARY. same form, in poetry, sometimes loses the pi. termination -as. Gar-berend, arms-bearing. Gar-gewinn, III. 1. war of darts or spears. fGarisume (gsersume), treasure, riches. Gar-rses, II. 2. rusk of arms. fGarkkedd (gear cod), prepared. Gast, II. 2. ghost, spirit. Ger. Geist. Gastlic, ghostly, spiritual. Gate-haer, II. 1 ? goat-hair. Gaueloc. See Gafeloc. Ge, gea, yea, yes. ge . . . . ge, both .... and, whether . . . .or. Gealdor, galdor. III. 1 ? magic, en- chantment, witchery. Gealga, gallows. N.B. In the In- dex to Caedmon, Galge is an oversight for Galga. Gear, III. 1 ? year. Geaia, formerly , of yore. It. well, accurately. Gearc, ready ? perhaps an error for geare. Gearcian, to prepare. Geard, II. 2. yard, house, inclosure, region. M. G. Gards, Dan. Gaard. tGeare, of yore, formerly. Gearo-J>oncol, ready-witted. Gearu, gearo, ready. Gearwe, readily, well. Gegearwian, to prepare, exhibit . Geat, III. 1. gate. Geat-weard, II. 2. gate-ward, porter. fGede, pi. gedenn (eode), went; from gan. Geden, apparently for eodon; p. 41, line 23. Gefer, III. 1 ? company. Gefera, companion, associate. Geferscype, company, society, fra- ternity. Gegangan, to go. It. to take, cap- ture. Gegnum, forthwith. Gegremian, to provoke, irritate; ge- gremod, enraged. Gehsep, apt, fitting. Gehend, near. Gehende, near, neighbouring. Gehwa, every one, each, unusquis- que. Gehwaer, everywhere, on all sides. Gehwilc, each, every, every one. Gelica, like, equal. Ger. gleich. Geman, gyman, to take care of, cu- rare. Dan. gjemme. Gemelest, II. 3. heedlessness, neg- fGemelich, careful, anxious, Gemen, people. Gen, gena, yet, still ; ]?a gena, as yet. Geneahhe, 1 many, numerous, e- Genehe, J nough. Genge, gang. Geodon, for eodon. See Gan. GeogotS, IL 3. youth. Geomor, sad. Geomor-mod, sad in mind. Geomrian, to sigh, groan. Geomrung, groaning, lamentation. Geond, through, over, per. Geond-geotan, pret. -geat, pp. -go- ten, to suffuse. Geond- scinan, to shine over or through. See Scinan. Geong, giong, young. Geongra, disciple, pupil. GLOSSARY. 215 Geome, earnestly^ carefully, zeal- ously, fervently , well. Geomful, fervent, zealous. Geornfulnes, diligence, zeal, prompt- ness, fervour. Geornlice, zealously. See Geome. Ger. See Gear. Gerefa, associate, comrade, prcefect, comes ; hence scir- gerefa, sher- rif, Ger." Graf, Dan. Greve. Gerisenlic, fitting, proper, suitable. Gersum, II. 2. treasure. Gesne, cut, separated. Get, yet, still. Geunc, for geong. Gifan, pret. geaf, pi. gifon, to give. GifeSe, given. Gifre, rapacious. Gifu. See Gyfu. Gild, II. 1 ? tax, tribute, pay. Gilden, golden. Giman, gyman, to govern, rule, take care of ; gov. gen. Gim-stan, II. 2. gem. Gin, wide, ample. Ging. See Geong. Gingre, /ema/e attendant. fGinn, gin, engine, art, contrivance. Gio, geo, of yore, formerly . Giong. See Geong. Girwan, to prepare ; girwan up, to serve up. Gisel, II. 2. hostage. Ger. Geissel, Dan. Gidsel. Gislian, to give hostages. GistliJ>e, for gaestli]?e, hospitable. Gegladian, to gladden. Glaedlice, gladly, cheerfully. Glsed-mod, glad-minded. Glses, III. 1. glass. Glsesen, of glass, vitreus. Glaestinga-burh, Glastonbury. Glappe, I. 3? bur, lappa. Gleaw, clever, skilful, sagacious. Gleaw-hydig, prudent, sagacious. Gleawlic, skilful, cunning. Gleawnes, prudence, sagacity, skill, will. Gleawscipe, acuteness, skill, under- standing. Geglengan, to adorn, decorate, Gleowian, to joke, sing. Gluto, glutton. Gnomian, to lament, murmur, com- plain. Gnomung, grief, sorrow, lamenta* tion, complaint. God, II. 2. God. God, II. 1. good, bonum. God, good. Godcund, divine. Godcundlice, divinely. Godcundnys, divinity, divine na- ture. G6d£ul,full of good, excellent. Godnes, goodness. Godspell, II. 1. Gospel; from god, good, and spell, history, nuncium, evayyeXioi'. Gol, for gold. Gold, 11. I. gold. Gold-gifa, gold-giver, patron, lord. Gold-hord, II. 2. gold-hoard, trea- sure. Gold-smit^, II. 2. goldsmith. Gold- wine, II. 2. gold- (i. e. munifi- cent) friend, patron. fGomen (gamen), game, joke. figonne, for ic gan. Grad, II. 2} step, gradus. Grac, II. 2. Greek. 216 GLOSSARY Graeg, gray. Gmm, fierce, angry, cruel; to grame niman, to take in dudgeon. Grame, fiercely. t Grame, grief. Grapian, to touch with the hand, handle. Gredig, greedy, ravenous. . ' f ^^ provoke, irritate, Gegreiamn, J f/gremid (gegremed) , provoked, ex- asperated ; from gegremian. Gren, green ; J^aet gi*ene, the green (side or part). Grenawic, Greenwich. Greot, dust. Gretan, to greet. Gr. 207. fGreting, greeting. /grette, for gegrette, greeted ; from gretan. fGreSede (grette), greeted, not grifede as rendered in MS. Otho, • C. XIII. See p. 168, line 18. Grim, grim, horrible, dire. Grimas-tun, Grimston in Norfolk, near Lynn. Grimitan. See Grymetian. Grin, III. 1? gin, snare. Grindan, pret. grand, pi. grundon, to grind ; pp. gegrunden, ground, sharpened. Gripan, "I pret. grap, pi. gripon, Gegripan, J to gripe, seize. Gristbitian, to gnash with the teeth. GriS, II. 2. peace. Growan, pret. greow, to grow. Gr. 234. Gnind, II. 2. ground, world, depth, abyss. Grymetian, to roar, cry out, grunt, gnash. Grjne, horror, terror. GrySian, to pacify, make peace. Guma., man. fGume (guma), man. fGure (eovvre), your, pi. fGuw (eow), you. Gu6, II. 3. war, battle. GiiS-fana, military standard, gon- fanon. For the interchange be- tween ]> and n, see Gr. p. 22. GiiS-frec, eager for battle. tGuSfuU (geoguSful), youthful} Gu'S-plega, war -play, battle. Gu6-rinc, II. 2. warrior. Gii^-sceorp, II. 1. military scarf. Gyddung, song, parable, poetic composition, poetic style. Gyden, II. 3. ] , , ^1 X « r goddess. Gydene, I. 3. J ^ Gyf, gif, if /gyfen, for gegyfen. Gyfernes, rapacity. Gyfu, III. 3. gift, grace, favour. Gyfu, p. 95, lin. ult. .? Gygand, gigant, II. 2. giant. Gyld. See Gild. Gylden, golden. Gylian, to yell, cry. Gylp, vaunt, vainglory. Gylp-word, II. 1. bold, vaunting word. Gylt, II. 2. guilt, sin, debt. Gym, II. 2. gem. Gyman, to take care, heed, have charge of Dan. gjemme. Gymeleast. See Gemelest. Gyrd, II. 3. yard, rod, switch. Ger. Gerte. Gyrdel, II. 2. girdle. Gyrla, vestment, garment. Gyrne. See Georne. / GLOSSARY. 217 Gyrnan, 1 to desire, Gymian, geornian,/ yearn. Gyrstan-daeg, II. 2. yesterday. Gysel, II. 2. hostage. Ger. Geis- sel, Dan. Gidsel. Gyst, II. 2. guest. Gyst-em, II. 1. guest -chamber. Gyst-sal, III. 1. guest-saloon or -hall. Gyt, yet, still: Gyt, ye two. Gr. 137. Gytsian, to desire, covet ; gytsiend, covetous. Gytsung, avarice, cupidity. 3- since. +'"^' \long t3eare, J t^edede (geddode), sang-, from geddian. tjemelich, heedful, sorrowful ? t3eo (heo), she. t3er (ger), year. t3ernde {gyrndiQ), yearned, desired ; from gyrnan. t3ernen (gyrnan), to yearn, desire, solicit. t3even (gifan), to give. H. fHa, her. Habban, 3 p. he hsefS, pret. haefde, to have, count, hold, detain. Gr. 216. Hacele, I. 3. garment. Hacod, II. 2. pike, lucius. Haconos, Hackness, on Whitby . Strand, thirteen miles from Whit- .by and three from Scarborough. Had, II. 2. order, degree, office, state, person. N. All nouns subs, ending in had are masc. /hadedon, for gehadodmn, or- dained, consecrated, i. e. priests ; from hadian. Hadian, to ordain, consecrate. Gehadod, ordained, consecrated. See Hadian. Haebban, pret. hof, to lift, move. Gr. 237. Hsecce, III. 1? hook, crook, pasto- ral staff. fHaefedd (heafod), head-, on hae- fedd, at the head. Hsefede, for haefde. Haefet, for heafod. Haefod, for heafod. Hseft, Afl/if, hilt. Gehaeftan, pp. gehaefed, gehaeft, to seize, bind, confine ; gehaefd, af- flicted. Ge-haeftian, to capture, catch. tHae3e, high ? Hielan, 1 . t. ? Gehcclan, J Haelend, II, 2. healer, the Saviour. The name Jesus is thus trans- lated in the A. S. Gospels. O. Sax. Heliand, Ger. Heiland. HseleS, II. 2. man, hero. O. Sax. Hehth, Ger. Held. HseleS often occurs in the pi. for haele^as. Haelfter, II. 3. halter, chamus. Haelu, III. 3. health, salvation, safety; (used indeclinably in Alfred's Beda.) Haeie, II. 3. health. Hseman, to associate with, have to do with, coire, concumbere ; on un- riht haeman, fomicari, moechari. fHaen (hean), low, vile, contemptible. 218 GLOSSARY. fHaengenne, to raise, exalt ? fHsengest (hengest), horse, pack- horse. Ger. Hengst, stallion. Gehsep, apt, fitting. Hsepse, hasp. MU. Gl. 19. Hser, II. 1 ? hair. fHserabarewude, harboured; from herebeorgan : cognate with Ger. Herberg, an inn, hostel ; OldFr. Herberge. Haerfsest, II. 2. harvest. Hserincg, II. 2. herring. Haerlice, nobly, generously, bravely. Ger. herrlich. f/hsermed, irritated, fHseme, hercne (heorcne), keark' en! Haes, II. 3. behest, command. Haet. See Hatan. Gehsetan, pret. -het, to promise, Hsete, I. 3. 1 , H^tu,III.3./^^«^'«'«'*^^^- tHse]?elic (hetelice), with hate, hos- tilely ? Haefen, heathen. Haefung, 11. 3. heating. Hafenian, to lift, raise ; deriv. of haebban. Hafenleas, sparing, wanting. Hafoc, II. 2. hawk. Haga, (also hage, II. 2.) haw, hedge; perhaps also a place inclosed by a hedge. Hagol, II. 2? hail. Ger. Hagel. fHaihte, hahte, and hehte (hatte), was called. ^ * \ hale, whole, sound. Gehal, J fHalde (aeldu), age. /haled, for gehseled. Halettan^ to hail, salute. Halga, saint ; ealle halgan, all hal- lows, all saints. Gehalgian, to hallow, consecrate, dedicate. Halgung, hallowing, consecration. Halig, holy. Ger. heilig, Dan. hellig. Haligdom, sanctuary, relic. Halignes, holiness, sanctity. fHalke, p. 163, line 32, apparently an error for halde, hold, keep. HaU. See Heall. Hals, II. 2. neck. Ger. Hals. Halsian, to supplicate, beseech. Halsung, supplication. Halwende, healing, salutary. Ham, II. 2. home. tHam, them. Dan. ham. Hamweard, homeward. Hancred, II. 2. cocker owing ^ watch of the night. Hand, bond, II. 3. hand. Gr. 83. On hand gan, to yield. Ger. Hand, Dan. Haand. (At p. 68, line 13, hand is imdoubtedly an error for ])am, as in Matt. xxv. 5. "And dyde J^am swa gelice,'* though the same reading occurs in two Bodleian MSS.) Handa-brad, rather hand-brad. Abace man innewerdne hand- bradnehlaf, p. 181, line 19, the meaning of which, though not easily reducible to the rules of grammar, seems to be. Let a loaf be baked the breadth of the in- ward hand, i. e. of a palm's breadth. Hand-bred, III. 1 . palm of the hand. Hand-geweorc, II. 1. handywork. Hangian, neut. to hang. GLOSSARY. 219 Har, hoar ; p. 141, liiie 10, hare- byman, perhaps an error for here-byrnan. Hara, hare. fHare (anre), to a; thus mire for minre. Has, hoarse. Ger. heise. Hat, heat, fervour. Hat, hot. Geh.kt, II. \. promise, stipulation. Hatan, Shaet, pret. heht (het), pp. haten, to command. Gr. 234. Hatan, pret. het, to call, to be called, pret. hatte. Ger. heissen, Dan. hede. Hence ourhight,wa5 called. Gehatan, pret. -het, to bid, order, promise. Gehaten, called. See Hatan. /haten, for gehaten. fHatine (hat hine), bid him. Gehat-lond, II. 1. land of promise. fHauen (hsefen), haven, port, Hauoc, i. q. hafoc. Heafde, i. q. hsefde. Heafod, III. 1. head. Heafod-ece, headache. Heafod-gerim, II. 1. chief number, i. ^. chief or best part of the army. Heafod-man, head-man, captain. Ger. Hauptmann. Heafod-weard, II. 2. chief guard. Heage, adv. high. Heagosteald, and HeagosteaJdes ea, Hexham. Heah, high, stormy. Heah-ealdor, II. 2. chief priest or elder. Heah-engel, II. 2. archangel. Heah-fseder, II. 2. patriarch. Heah-gesamnung, chief of the syn- agogue. Heahnes. See Hehnys. Heah-sacerd, II. 2. high-priest. Heah-setl, III. 1. high seat, throne. Geheald, guardianship, custody. Healdan, 1 3 hylt (healt), pret. Gehealdan, J heold, pp. healden, • to hold, keep, possess, preserve, reserve, treat, conduct. Gehealden, saved. Healdend, guardian, chief. Gr. 118. Healdon, p. 88, line 23, for heal- dan. /healed, for gehseled. Healf, II. 3. half, side, division, part. Healic, high, sublime. Healice, highly, loftily. Heall, II. 3. hall, house. Healt, halt, lame. Heanlic, vile, disgraceful. Heap, II. 2. heap, collection, body. Heard, hard, severe, bold; heard beam, hard timber tree ? Hearde, hardly, sternly, boldly. Heardlice, hardly, harshly, boldly. Heard-neb, hard-nib, or -bill: epi- thet of the raven. Heardnys, hardness. Hearm, II. 2. harm, calamity^ Hearpe, I. 3. harp. Hearpere, II. 2. harper. Hearpian, to harp. Hearpung, harping. Hearra, lord, master.' Ger. Herr. Heawan, pret. heow, pp. heawen, to hew, cut down, slay. Hea^o-rinc, II. 2. warrior. The signification of hea'So is some- what doubtful; yet see Mr. Kemble's Glossary to Beowulf, sub voce. Heddern, II. I. pantry, store-room. 220 GLOSSARY. Hefe, II. 2. weight. Hefelic, heavy. Hefig, heavy. Hefigan, to affiict; hefigad, affiict- ed. Hefignes, heaviness, pain, ajffliction. Hefigtime, tedious, troublesome. Hege, II. 2. hedge, haw. Ger. Hag. See Haga. fHe^ (heh), high. Hehnys, height, high, in on high. Hehst, hyhst, highest. Gr. p. 51. fHehwikenn, p. 1 73, line 8 ? Hele-wah, II. 2. heel-wall j hele- wages, for -wagas. Helia, Elisha. Hell, II. 3. hell. Hellic, hellish. Hell-sceaJ)a, hell-miscreant. Hell-wara, I. 2. 1 inhabitant of Hell-warn, III. 3. J hell. Gr.l04. Helm, II. 2. helmet, crown, crown or head of a tree. Help, help. Gehelpan, pret. -heolp (-healp), pi. -hulpon, to help. fHemm, them. Dan. ham. Hende, 1 ' > near. G^ehende, J fHende, hendy, courteous, genteel. Hen-fugel, II. 2. hen-fowl. Heo, she, they. Gr. 137. Heofon,II.2.1^^^^^^ Gr. 71. Heofone, I. 3. J Heofonlic, heavenly. Heofon-rice, III. 1. kingdom of heaven. Heolfrig, bloody, gory. Heolster, cave, hiding-place. Heolster, dark, obscure. Heom, dat., p. 41, line 23, and p. 88, line 32, seems to be used for ace. hi. Heonon, hence. Heonon-for^, henceforth. Heorcnian, to hearken, listen. Heord, II. 3. herd, custody. Heordrseden, II. 3. custody, charge. Heorra. See Hearra. Heort, II. 2. hart. Heorte, I. 3. heart. Heortea, Hartlepool. Heoru, indeed, saltem, quidem. HeorS-geneat, II. 2. hearth- (house- hold-) retainer, vassal. HeorS-werod, II. 1. hearth- (i. e. household-) band, retainers. fHeos (hiis), house. Heow. See Heawan. fHeowe (hiw), hue, form. Her, here, in this year, hoc tem- pore V. anno. Heran, pret. herde. fHerberia, harbour, lodging. /herde, for gehyrde. Here, II. 2. army, band. Here-folc, II. 1. army. Heregeat, III. 1. heriot, military equipment, weapon. Herenes, praise. Here-paS,. II. 2. army-path, mili- tary road. Here-reaf, II. 1. military plunder, spoil; from reafian. Ger. Heer- raub. Here-toga, general, leader, dux. Ger. Herzog, Dan. Hertug. Here-wseSa, leader, general. Hergian, to harry, ravage, plunder. Hergung, harrying, ravage, mili- tary devastation. Herian, to praise. GLOSSARY. 221 Herige, II. 2. land, turma. tHeri3en (hergian), to harry, lay waste. Gehernes, hearing. Gehersumnes, obedience. Herung, praise. Het. See Hatan. Hettan, to hunt, persecute. Ger. hetzen. Hete, II. 2. hate. fHett, contr. for he itt. Hi, they, them, her. Hiabenlic, for heofonlic. Hicgan, to strive, attempt. Hider, hither. . Hieremia, Jeremiah. Hierosolim-waru, inhabitants of Je- rusalem. Hig, they, them. See Hi. Hig, II. 1. hay. Hig, / Higdi-faet, III. 1. pi. higdi-fatu, calidilia. Hige, II. 2. mind, thought. Hige-rof, magnanimous. Higo, family, domestics. Higum, p. 36, line 10, for hiwum. See Hiwan. Hiht, II. 3. hope. Hild, II. 3. war, battle. fHilomp, for ilomp. See Lomp. Hilte, hilt. Him, to them. Gr. 137. Hindergep, wily, subtle, versutus. Hine, ace. masc. him. Gr. 137. Hingrian, i. q. hyngrian. Hin-si6, II. 2. departure, death. Hio, for heo. Hiova, for hiwena. Gehiran, to hear. Hired, II. 2. family, convent. Hired-cniht, 1 retainer, vassal, do- ;■} Hireman. See Hyrigman. Hirgian, p. 90, line 25, and J)a stanas hirgedon for ]?am swege ; so ed. Rawl. ; Mr. Cardale has, - J fa stanas hi styredon. fHirS, for hired. His, his, its. Gr. 137. Hit, it. Gr. 137. Hiw, hue, species, kind, form, guise. Hiwan, family, persons living toge- ther as in a monastery, also do- mestics. Gehiwian, to appear, have sem- blance. Hiwisc, family. Hiwrseden, II. 3. house, family. Hiwscipe, society, family, convent. Hlsefdig, II. 3. lady, the queen thus called. (See Turner's Hist, of the Anglo- Saxons, vol. iii. p. 179, 3rd edit.) Hlsest, II. 2 load, lading. G^ehlaestan, to load; pp. gehlsest. Hlaf, II. 2. loaf, bread. Hlaford, II. 2. lord, master. Hlafordleas, lordless. Hlanc, lank. GeUeapan, 3 -hlypS, pret. -hleop, to leap, leap on. Hlemman, pret. [hlam], pi, hlum- mon, to sound, resound. Hleo, III. 3? shade, shelter, refuge. Gr. 103. HleoJ?or, sound, noise. (rehlid, covered; from gehlidan, to cover. Hence our lid. Hhhhan, pret. hloh, pp. hlogon, to laugh. Hlisa,/ame, reputation, rumour. 222 GLOSSARY Hlisfull, celebrated, famous. Hlosnian, to wait for. Hli'ide, loudly. Hlutter, pure, clear, simple. Hlwy(5, refuge, shelter, support. Gehlyd, II. 1. tumult, noise. Gehlyd, covered. See Gehlid. Hlydan, to make a noise, riot. Hlynian, to make a tumult. ^^ * ) to hear, hearken, listen. Gehlystan, J Hnoll, II. 2. crown of the head. Hogian, to think, care, design. Hohfull, sad, contemplative. Hold, faithful. Holdraeden, II. 3. fidelity, devotion. Holdscipe, fidelity. Holian, to hollow, excavate. Holm, Holm in Norfolk, near Hun- stanton. Holt, II. 1. holt, wood. Ger. Holz. Hopian, to hope. Hordrseden, II. 3. custody, charge. Hom-boga, horn-low. Hors, II. 1. horse. Horsian, to supply with horses. HoTTWSi, filth, sordes. Hosp, insult, contempt. Hoxen, Hoxne,in Suffolk, near Diss. Hrseding, hurry, haste. Hraedlic, quick, sudden. Hrsedlice, speedily, soon. Hrsegl, II. 1. garment, swaddling- hand, rail, as in night-rail. Hrsem, II. 2. i. q. hraefn, raven. Hrsew, II. 2. dead carcase. Hraew, for hrsewas, occurs in the plur. See HaeletJ. Hran, II. 2. whale. Hra'Se, quickly, soon. Hream, II. 2. scream, cry. Hreaw, raw. Hreconlice, forthwith. Hrefn, II. 2. raven. Hrem, for hremn or hraemn. Hreofl, II. 2. "I ^^ ^^ Hreofla, J ^^^^' Hreoflig, leporous. Hreofnys, roughness, leprosy. Hreoh. See Hreow. Hreosan, pret. hreas, 2 hrure, pi. hruron, pp. gehroren, to rush, fall. Gr. 251. Hreow, raw, rugged, cruel. Hreowig, i. q. hreow. Hrepan, to touch. HreSer, II. 2. mind, breast, pectus. Hricg, II. 2. back, Hrlnan, pret. hrari, pi. hrinon, to touch; gov. genit. Gr. 395. Hring, II. 2. ring. Hring-loca, ringed inclosure, or en- velope, coat of mail. Hri«er, III. 1. ox. HriSian, to be sick of fever, febri- citare. G^ehroden, adorned. Hrof, II. 2. roof, top, summit, co- vering. Gehroren. See Hreosan. Hryman, to cry. Hryre, II. 2. rush, fall; from hreosan. liu,how ; hu la, what? fHude (h^d), hide, skin. Hugende, for hogende. See Ho- gian. StitS-hugende, sternly bent. fHuie (hyge), mind. Humbra, Humber. Himd, II. 2. hound, dog. Ger.Hund. Hund, hundred. Hund-eahtatig, eighty. GLOSSARY. 223 Hund-seofontig, seventy. Hund-twelftig, hundred and twenty . Hunger, II. 2. hung er, famine. Hungrig, hungry. Hunig, II. 1. honey. fHunne, henna (heona), hence. Hunstanes-tiin, Hunstanton, on the N.W. point of Norfolk. Hunta, hunter. Huntian, to hunt. Huntnold, hunting; probably an error for huntung or huntna^. Huntung, hunting, chase, game, quarry. Hup-seax, II. 1. hip-knife, short sword; so called from being borne on the hip. Hure, for hum. HuTUymoreover, chiefly, saltern, qui- dem. Huru-finga, at least, at all events. Hus, Uz. Hus, II, 1. house. Hiis-carl, II. 2. body -guardsman. Husel, husl, II. 1. eucharist. M. G. Hunsl. Huxlice, shamefully, unworthily, contemptuously. Hwa, who, any one, quispiam. Gehwa, each, every one. Hwael, II. 2. whale. Hwaene, ace. of hwa, whom, each, every, any one. Gr. 157. Hwsenne, when. Hwser, where. Gehwaer. 1 , ' > everywhere. t Jhwser, J Hwset, what, why, anything, some- what, quid, lo ! yes ! hwaet la, well ! so ! Hwsete, II. 2. wheat. Hwseten, wheaten. Hwsetlic, quick. Hwse]?er, if, whether ? num ? Hw8e})er .... ])e, whether . ... or. Hwsejiere, yet, still, notwithstand- ing. Gehwd£])eT, either, both. ^Hwarn, dat. of hwa. Gr. 157. Hwanon, whence. Hwealfe, vault, arch. It. adj. vault- ed, arched. Hwearfum, in turn, one after an- other. Hwene, a little. Hweol, III. 1. wheel. Hweorfan, hwyrfan, pret. hwearf, pi. hwurfon, to return, turn. Hwi, why. Hwiccia, the country bordering on the Severn. Hwil, II. 3. while, time. Hwilc. See Hwylc. Hwilon, whilom, once, formerly, sometimes. Hwistlung, whistling. Hwit, white. Dan. Hvid. Hwon, for hwam, as )?on for pam. Gr. 147. Hwon, a little, somewhat, paullulum. Hwonlice, little. Hvvonon. See Hwanon. Hwylc, any one, what, which, qualis. ^, r' r See Hweorfan. Gehwyrtan. J Hycgan, to meditate, contrive, study. Hyd, II. 3. hide, skin, hide of land. Hygeleast, II. 3. thoughtlessness, scurrility. Hyhst, highest, greatest. Gr. p. 5 1 . Hyht. See Hiht. Hyht-wyn, II. 3. joy of hope. 224 GLOSSARY. Hyld, II. 3^ ^ fidelity, favour, grace, Gehyld, J observance. Hyldo, hyldu, III. 3. grace, fideli- ty, homage. Gr. 103. Hylt. See Healdan. Hynan, to insult, spoil, injure. Ger. hohnen. Hyngrian, v. impers. to hunger. Ger. sich hungem, HynSu, III. 3. injury, opprobrium, insult, loss. Hyr, II. 3. hire, wages. Hyra, their. Gr. 137. ' > to hear, obey. Gehyran, J Gehyran, to belong. Ger. gehoren. Hyrde, II. 2. shepherd, pastor, keeper. Ger. Hirt. Hyrdeman, III. 2. herdsman, shep- herd. Hyre, her. Gr. 137. H^rian, to hire. ^ °' ' " f bourer. Hynnaii,III.2. J Hyrned, horny: Hyrre, higher ; comp. of heah. Gr. p. 51. Hyrst, II. 3. ornament. G^ehyrsum, obedient. Ger. gehorsam. Hyrsumian. U„ „j y,«<,„. Gehyrsumian, J Hysse, hyse, II. 2. youth, man. Gehywian, ^o feign, pretend, give semblance. Hyxlice. See Huxlice. I. tl (hi), they. fl, in. Dan. i. Ic. /. Gr.l37. Idel. See Ydel. Idel, for idelnys, idleness, p. 71, line 16. Ides, II. 3. woman. Igl, il, yl, II. 2. porcupine. Ger.Igel. Igland, II. 1. island. flhwser (gehwaer), everywhere. II, II. 2. sole of the foot. lie, same. See Ylc. In, inn, inn, house. In-becuman, to come in. See Cuman. Inbrydnes, feeling} compunctio. — Beda. Inc, dual, you two. Gr. 137. Inca, cause, sake, ill-will. Infser, entrance, entry. Ingehid, ingehygd. III. 1. inte?i- tion, knowledge, conscience, sig- nification. In-gewadan, to enter, penetrate. See Wadan. Ingong, II. 2. entrance. Ger. Ein- gang. Inlsedan, to lead in, conduct. Inlifian, to live in, or for. Inn. See In. Innan, Inne, Innewearde, inside, intestines. InnoS, IL 2. inside, womb, pi. in- testines. Insettan, to institute, establish. Intinga, cause, sake, fault, thing. Into, into. Inweard, inward. In'v\dd, guileful, treacherous, wicked. lob, Jove. flradmon (hired-man), domestic, follower. Iren, Isen, '■} within. i, II. 1.1 . , II. 1- /"'''• GLOSSARY. 225 Isene-smi^, II. 2. iron-smith. Isem, iron. It. adj. of iron, fer- reus. Ispanise, Spain. lu, long ago, of old, of yore. ludeisc, Jewish, jew. flueore, together. Geiukian, J luncer, II. 2.younker ; used appa- rently as the German Junker, a young nobleman. flwar (gehwser), everywhere. ISacige, Ithaca. K. Kalcacester, " Calcaria Antonini, hodieTADCASTER," — Camden. Or NewtonKyme, according toDods- worth. Gale, and Gibson ; or, "juxtaMS. Ingleby, Aberforth," — Lye. Kantwareburh, Canterbury. fKanunnk, canon. Kasere, II. 2. emperor. Ger. Keiser. Kempa, champion, soldier. Ger. Kampfer, Dan. Kaemper. Kene, i. q. cen. Kim^, for cymtS. fKinerice (cyne-rice), kingdom. tKine-|?eod, kingdom. Kirke, Circe. KiS, for cyt5. See CyJ)an. tKij7eJ)J> (cy6), showeth, manifest- eth ; from cyj)an. Kynehelm, II. 2. crown. Kynelice, in a kingly manner. Kyngc, kyng, II. 2. i. q. cyning. L. La, lo I behold ! ! La hwaet, be- hold ! Lac, gift, offering. This word is apparently of all genders : masc. . p. 31, line 27; fern. p. 83, line 4; Matth. V. 23, 24; and neut. (II. 1.) Apoll. of Tyre, p. 24, line 7 . Lad, for Ia3. Ladaest, for laSost, superl. of fLadeJ))), to lade, take up with a la- dle ; from hladan. Ladlic, for laSlic. Gelseccan, pret. -laehte, to take, seize. Laece, II. 2. leech, physician. Lsece-wyrt, II. 3. medicinal plant or herb. Lsecgen, for lecgan. Lsedan, 1 3 p. he laet, pret. laedde, Gelsedan, J to lead, bring. Gr. 207. Laedder, II. 3. ladder. Lsefan, to leave. fLsefe (geleafa), belief , faith. Laeg. See Licgan. Lsegde. See Lecgan. Laei, for laeg, lay. tLaen (lean), reward. Gelaendon, for gelandodon ; from gelandian, to land. Laenge. See Leng. Laeran, to teach, instruct. Ger. lehren, Dan. laere. Gelaered, learned. Ger. gelehrt. /laered, for gelsered. Laerig, p. 129, line 32. The mean- ing of this word is uncertain ; it 226 GLOSSARY. occurs also in Caedmon, p. 192, line 29. Lsesing {lea.sung), falsehood. Laessa, 1 less, smaller ; comp. of ly- Laesse,/ tel. Gr. p. 51. Lsest, least ; superl. of lytel, little. Gr. p. 51. Gelsestan, to perform, execute, give, pay. Ger. leisten. fLseste J)u, showest thou, praestaris. See Gelsestan. Laesu, III. 3. leasow, pasture. Laeswian, to feed, graze. Laet, late, recent, slow. Leetan, pret. let, to let, leave, dis- miss, suffer, cast {a net). fLaetenn (lettan), to think} Laewed, laical, ignorant. LseS, hate, harm, ill. Laf, II. 3. remainder, residue; mid J)an laue, p. 118; to lafe, left. Laford, for hlaford. Lag, II. 3. law, obligation. Lagu, III. 2. water. Lagu-stream, II. 2. watery stream. t/la3ed (gelaSod), loathed, hated ; from laSian. Lah, low ; pi. lage. Lam, lame. Lamb, II. 1. lamh. /lamp, for gelamp. Lampreda, lamprey, muraena. Land, II. 1. land, country. Land-buende, land-inhabitant. Gr. 118. Land-folc, 11. 1. land-folk, country - people. Land-gemaere, III. I. frontier. fLanen (Isenan), to lend. Lang, long, tall. Lange, adv. long. Ger. lange. Langsum, long, tedious, slow, long- expected. Lar, II. 3. lore, learning, doctrine, counsel. See Iseran. Lareow, II. 2. teacher, doctor, master. Larspell, II. 1. & II. 3.? sermon, homily, doctrinal discourse. Last, II. 2. foot step, track. Late, slow, slowly, at length; comp. lator. Latteow (ladteow), i. e. lad-J?eow, II. 2. general, lieutenant, guide. Laue, for lafe. See Laf. fLauer (hlaford), lord. Lat?, hostile, hateful. Gela^ian, to call together, invite. Ger. einladen. LaSlic, loathly, hateful. Gda])ung, congregation, church. See gelaSian to assemble, invite. fLeadest (laSost), loathest, most hateful. Leaf, II. 1. leaf. Gr. 67. Geleafa, belief. Ger. Glaube. /leafa, for geleafa. /leafFul, for geleafFul. Leahter, II. 2. crime, sin. Leap, II. 2. basket, trunk, carcase} Liecis, false, lying. Leas, -less in comp., void, devoid. Leasung, leasing, falsehood. Leat. See Lutan. Leax, II. 2. salmon. Ger. Lachs, Dan. Lax. Lecgan, pret. lede (laegde), pp. ge- led, to lay, place. Lecnian, to heal. Geled. See Lecgan. GLOSSARY. 227 Leden, Latin. tLef (leof), dear, agreeable. G^elefan, i. q. gelyfan. fLefenn (gelyfan), to believe. /legd, laid, for geled. See Lec- gan. Lege, lay, imperat. ; from lecgan. Gr. 214. Leger-bedd, II. 1. bed, sick-bed. fLehter (hieahtor), laughter. Leir-chestre, and LeJ>-chestre, Lei- cester. fLeiuedi (hlsefdige), lady. fLelaichen, lament. Lendenu, loins. Gr. 92. Ger. Lenden. Gelendian, gelsendian, to land, ap- pellere. Lenedd (Isened), Zew^; fi'om Isenan. Leng, II. 3. length. Leng, longer ; comp. of lang. Gr. p. 51. Lengcten, Lent, spring. Leo, gen. leones, IL 2. lion. Ger. Lowe, Dan. Love. Leod, II. ^. people, province. Leod-bisceop, II. 2. suffragan bishop. Leod-hata, commander of nations. tLeod-qmde(-cwide),i;MZp'ar5/?eecA. Leof, beloved, dear, pleasing, di- lectus, cams. Leofian, lybban, 1 p. lybbe, 2 leo- fast, 3 leofa'S, pi. lybbaS, pret. leofode, &c., to live. Gr. 212. tLeofliche (leoflice), dearly, kindly. Leobt, II. 1. light. Ger. Licht. Leoht, adj. light, easy. Ger. leicht. Leoht-fset, III. 1. light-vat, lamp. Leohtlic, light, clear, plain. fLeom (leoma), beam, ray. to learn. Leom. See Lim. Leoma, beam, ray.. Leon, II. 3? lion, lioness. Geieoie, departure. Leornere, II. 2. learner, disciple. Geleomes, departure, death. Leornian, Geleornian, Leoming, II. 3. learning. Leorning-cniht, II. 2. disciple. Leotan, pret. leat, pi. luton, to bow, incline. Gr. 250. LeoS, II. 1. song, poem. Isl. LID'S, Ger. Lied. Leo'S-creeft, II. 2. art of poetry. LeoSlic, poetic. Leo6-song, II. 2. song, poem. fLesing (leasung), leasing, false- hood. Letania, litany. Gelettan, to let, hinder ; gov. genit. of thing, f/leue (gelyfan), to believe. tLeuere, leouere (leofre), dearer. LeJ>er, II. 3.^ leather. Le])er-h6sa, II. 3. leather hose, ca- ligse ; probably used in the pi. only, like the Ger. Hosen. Libban. See Leofian. Libbende, living. Libgende, for lifigende. Lie, II. 1. corpse, body. Ger. Leich, Dan. Liig. GeYic, like, similar. /lie, for gelic. Gelica, like. Gelice, in like manner. lAceXton, to feign, pretend. Licetung, hypocrisy. 2 228 GLOSSARY. Licgan, 3 lihS (li^), pret. laeg, to lie. Gr. 229. Licgende, lying. Lichama, body. Lichamlic, bodily. Lician, 1 to like ; also impers. to Gelician, J please, be pleased, take pleasure. Gelicnes, gelicnis, likeness, image. Licumlic. See Lichamlic. Lic-]7rowere, II. 2. bodily sufferer, leper. Lida, 1 • . •; > navigator, sailor. Lidman, J Lif, II. 1. life; be lyfon, living, surviving. Lifer, II. 3. liver. GelifFsestan, to vivify, animate. Gr. 208. Lifian, to live. Lifigende, living ; from lifian. Liflic, lively, living. Ligetu, III. 3. lightning. tLi3en (leogan), to lye. _ . ' Wo alight, descend. Lihting, 11. 3 ? lighting, illuminat- ing. Lihtlice, lightly, easily ; superl. lihtlucost. Likie. See Lician. \f- 1 1. 3.%. Lilige, J Lim, III. 1. limb. Gr. 93. Lim, IL 2 ? lime, glue. Ger. Leim, Dan. Liim. Gelimp, II. 1. accident, event, hap. Gelimpan, pret -lamp, pi. -lum- pon, to happen. Oelimplic, fitting, proper ; gelimp- lice, fittingly, &c. t/limpS, for gelimpS. Lind, II. 3. linden or lime tree ; It. buckler made of the wood of the linden. Gram. pref. p. xliii. note. Lindesig, Lindsey. Lindisfarnea, Lindisferne, Holy Is- land. Lind-wiggende, shielded warrior. Gr. 118. Liss, II. 3. ease, comfort, favour. List, liest ; from licgan. Listum, craftily, skilfully. Litel, little. Litlincg, II. 2. little one. Line, i. q. life. Lit5, II. I } fleet, navy. Lis. See Licgan. Lis, soft, pleasant, delicate, mild, tender, gentle, kind. LiSan, pret. laS, pi. liSon, to navi- gate, go in a ship ; liSende men, mariners. LiSebige, flexible, supple. fLiSen (liSan), to proceed, go, tra- vel by water. GeliSian, to relieve, mitigate. Locc, II. 2. lock, capillus. /loced, seen ; for geloced. See Locian. Locian, to look, see. Locu, III. 2. pen, fold. Lof, II. \. praise. Ger. Lob. fLofenn (lofian), to praise. Ger. loben. Lof-sang, II. 2. hymn; in pi. laudes. Logian, 1 to frame, compose, mend, Gelogian, / place, dispose. Lokien, for locian. Gelome, often, frequently, in quick succession. /lome, for gelome. GLOSSARY. 229 Gel6mlice, frequently. fLomp (belamp), befell ; from be- lirapan. Gelomp, i. q. gelamp. See Ge- limpan. Lond-leod, II. 3. country -people. Long, long. Longlice, /or a long time. Lopystre, lobster, polypus. It. lo- cust. Losian, to lose. It. to be lost, pe- rish. fLoue, accus. for lufe. . Lucan, pret. leac, pi. lucon, to lock, shut up. Luf, II. 3. 1 love. More correctly Lufe, I. 3. J lufu. fLufenn (lufian), to love. Lufian, to love ; gelufod, beloved. LMic, dear ; luflice, kindly. Lufu, III. 3. love. Lunden, London. Lungre, forthwith. Lust, II. 2. lust, desire, joy ; on lustum, in joy. LtUsthsdT, joyful, eager, glad. Ger. lustbar. Lustlic, glad, joyful. Itustlice, freely, gladly. Lutan, pret. leat, pi. luton, to stoop, incline. Lutian, to lurk, latere. Lybban. See Leofian. Lyblac, enchantment. " Incantatio perfascina,fascinatio. Voxcom- posita a lib, obligamentum, et lac, munus, q. munus ligandi vim habens. Vid. Spelm. Gloss, ad vocem Liblacum." — Lye. Lyden, Latin. Lyf. See Lif. J' ' \ to allow, believe. Celyfan, J Lyfde, 1 for leofode and leofodon. Lyfdon, J See Leofian. /lyf den, for gelyfden. Gelyfed, ripe {of age), provectior - (aetate) . Lyfiende, p. 74, line 28 ; used ap- parently for lif, life, in the sense of history ; unless the passage be faulty, and to be read, lyf ende- byrdlice. Lyft, II. 3. air, cloud. Ger. Luft. Lyhtan, to shine, light. Lyre, loss. Lj'^san, to loosen, redeem, save. Lyst, II. 3? lust, desire, pleasure ; on lyst wesan, to be delighted. Lystan, "1 to lust, desire, please ; Gelystan, J with genit. of thing. Lyt, little. Lytegian, to use croft. Lythwon, little, parum, small num- ber. Lytig, cunning, vafer. Lytlian, to grow little, decrease. M. Ma, more. Gr. p. 51. Gemacian, to make. Madm, II. 2. pretious thing, trea- sure, gaza. Madm-hiis, treasury. Mseden, III. 1. maiden. Maeg, II. 2. man, parent, kinsman. Maeg. See Magan. Maege, I. 3. kinswoman. Msegen, III. 1, main strength, effi- cacy, power, virtue , faculty . Maegen-eacen, increased in might. Maegen-j^rymnys, majesty. 230 . GLOSSARY. Msegt?, II. 3. generation, tribe, pro- vince. Maeg^, II. 3. maid, damsel. MpegtJhad, II. 2. maidenhood, vir- ginity. Mseig, for maeg. Msel, III. 1 .picture, image ; Cristes msel, crucifix. Msel, III. 1 ? time. Fr. fois, Ger. Mai. Mselan, to say, speak. Mseled, p. 138, line 17.? Msenan, to moan, bewail, complain. It. to mean. Ger. meinen. Gemsene, common. Ger. gemein. Gemsenelice, in common. Msenig, many. Gr. 163. . - ,, > manifold. Maemgfeald, J Gemsenigfealdan, to multiply. Gem^ensumnes, communion. Meera, greater. GeniEeran, to magnify, honour. Msere, great, large, grand. Gr. 384. Gemsere, III. 1. boundary , frontier . Mserigen, for mergen. Msersian, 1 to magnify ^ exalt, ho- Gem£ersian, J nour. Msert5, II. 3. greatness, glory. Meessa-hakel, II. 2. mass-vestment. Msesse, I. 3. mass. M. G.Mes, dish, table, patina : hence our mess, in messmate, mess of broth, &c. Msesse-dseg, II. 2. mass-day. Msesse-preost, II. 2. mass-priest. Maestlingc, II. 1. brass, latten. Ger. & Dan. Messing. MseS, II. 3. condition, lot, dignity, credit. Magan, fu miht, pret. mihte, or meahte, to may, can, be able, posse. Gr. 218. Magister, II. 2. master, teacher. Mago-])egn, II. 2. kindred-follower. fMain (msegen), power. fMainen (maenan), to mention. Makian, for macian, to make. fMale, mail, trunk. Fr. maiUe. Malt, mealt, II. \} malt. Man, one, any one. Gen. & Dan. man, Fr. on. Man, II. 1. wickedness, sin, crime. Ger. Mein, O.S. men, Isl. mein. Gemana, society, fellowship. Mancgere, II. 2. monger, merchant. Mancynn, II. 1. mankind. Man-dsed, II. 3. evil deed. Manftd, sinful, wicked. Manian, "I to exhort. Ger. mah- Gemanian, J nen. Manig. See Msenig. Mann, III. 2. man; ^emann also occurs, p. 98, line 4. Mannan, ace. sing, of man. Gr. 99. tManshipe, fnianscipe, manhood, male progeny, humanity, kindness. Marc, II. 1. mark. Mare, greater, more ; comp. of my- cel. Gr. p. 51. Maregen, for mergen. Mam, morning. Gemartyrian, to martyr. Max, II. 1. net, snare. Ma])elian, to speak, harangue ; from mej'el. fMaSmes (magmas), treasures. fMe, for man. Meaht, II. 3. might, power. Mear, mearc, II. 2. field. Dan. Mark. Gemearcian, to mark, take note. Mece, II. 2. sword, falchion, ma- chaera. GLOSSARY. 231 Med, II. 3. meed, reward. Medem, worthy, fit, meet. Medgilda, hireling. Medmicel, a little, some. Medo-burh, mead-burgh, city of festivity ; thus win-burh. Medu-gal, mead-drunken. Melkan, to milk. Melu, melo, III. 1. meal,fiour. fMengen (mencgan), to mingle, he confused} p. 159, line 4. Menifealdlice, manifoldly. Gemenigfild, multiplied; from ge- menigfildan. Merdgu, III. 3. multitude, many. Gr. 103. Mennisc, human. Dan. Menneske, human being. Menniscnis, humanity, incarnation. fMenske (mennisc), man, mankind, Meodo, meodu. III. 2. mead. Meolc, II. 3. milk. Meowle, I. 3. damsel. Merce, Mercians. Mere-swyn, II. \. porpoise, dolphin. Ger. Meerschwein, Dan. Mar- svin. Mergen, (merien, merigen), II. 2. morn, morrow. Ger. & Dan. Morgen. Merigendlic, meriendlic, adj. morn- ing, matutinus. fMet (gemet), measure. Met, middling ; ]?a mettran men, men in the middle classes. Gemet, III. 1. measure, manner. Metan, pret. meet, pp. gemeten, to measure. Metan, pret. mette, pp. (ge)met, to paint. Gemetan, pret. gemette, to find, meet. Gr. 205. Mete, II. 2. meat, food. Gemetegan, 1 to measure, mode- Ccmetegian, J rate, temper. Meten, for metan. /meten, measured, for gemeten. See Metan. Gemetgung, moderation. Metian, to supply with meat. Gemetlice, moderately. Metod, II. 2. Creator. Met-seax, II. 1. dagger. Metsung, provision. /mette, for gemette. Mettrumnes, weakness, infirmity. Me|>el-stede, II. 2. public-place, place of haranguing. Micclum, greatly, much. Mid, with. Ger. mit, Dan. med. Mid ealle, totally, prorsus. Middaeg, II. 2. mid-day, sexta. Middan, middle ; on middan, amid. Middaneard, middangeard, II. 2. earth, world. Middan- winter, II. 2. midwinter, Christmas. Middeniht, midnight. Gr. 106. Middeweard, midst. Midlest, Midmest, Midwritan, to write with. Mid ]7am fe, 1 when, while, what Mid J)y, / time. Milit, II. 3. might, power. Mihte. See Magan. Mihtelice, mightily, miraculously. ! • !• r ''eighty, extraordinary. Mil, II. 3. mile. Milde, mild, merciful. > mi middlemost. 232 GLOSSARY. Mildheorte, mild-hearted, merciful, tender. Mildheortnys, mildhertnes, mercy, compassion. Milts, II. 3. mercy, pity. Miltsian, 1 to pity, compassionate, Gemiltsian, J be merciful. Miltsung, mercy, compassion, pity. Min, mine. Gr. 137. Misbeodan, pret. -bead, to mis- order, misuse. Misdeed, II. 3. misdeed. Mislic, 1 various, divers, seve- Missenlic, > ral; mistlice, vari- Mistlic, J ously, diversely. Mislician, to displease. Mistlicnys, variety, diversity. Mistucian, to vex, punish unjustly. Misweaxende, miswaxing, ill-grow- ing. Mitta, 1.2.1,. > certain measure. Mitte, I. 3. J Mixen, mixen, dunghill. Mod, II. 1? mood, mind, courage. fModdri (modrie), maternal aunt. Moder, modor. III. 2. mother. Gr. ^Q. M6d-ge)>onc, II. 2. mental thought, counsel. Modig, moody, proud, contumacious, stern. Modignys, moodiness, pride. Modiman, for modig man. fMod-kare (m6d-cear), care of mind, anxiety. Modlice, boldly. Molde, I. 3. mould, earth. Mon, i. q. man. Monat5-seoc, month-sick, lunatic. Gemong, multitude. Moni, many. Monian. See M^nian. Monig, i. q. msenig. Monrseden, II. 3. homage, submis- sion, clientela. fMonshipe, i. q. manshipe. MonS, II. 2. month. Morge-mete, II. 2. morning meat, breakfast. Morgen, II. 2. morning. Ger. Morgan. tMor3nede, ") mourned; qu. from fMomede, J mumian for mur- nan. Mor^, 1 TT 1 / deadly sin, mur- Mor^er, J I derous deed. Moste, might. Gr. p. 79. Mot, 3 most, must, may. Gr. 218. Gemot, II. 1 ? moot, council, synod; gemot cwet5an, indicere consi- lium. Gemot-em, II. I. moot-hall, senate- house. Mulantun, afterwards Mule ton, now Moulton in Norfolk, between New Buckenham and Long Stratton. Gemunan, to remember. Gr. 218. Mundbyrd, protection. Gemundbyrdan, to protect, patron- ize. Gemundig, mindful. /mundig, for gemyndig. Mundlingham, Mundham in Nor- folk. Mundum, with hands. Isl. mund. This word does not seem to oc- cur in any other form. Munt, II. 2. mount. Munuc (munec), II. 2. monk. Munuchad, II. 2. monkhood. Munuc-lif, II. \. monastic life, com- munity. GLOSSARY. 233 Murnan, 3 mymtS, pret. meam, pi. murnon, to mourn, reck. Musle, muscle. MuS, II. 2. mouth. Gr. 74. Miipa, mouth {of a river). Gr. 74. Mycel, great, much. Mycelnys, greatness, magnitude. Mylen, II. 3? mill; yet p. 119, J)et myln. Gemynan, to hear in mind, he mind- ful of, remember. GeTQjnd, II. 1. mind, memory ; ea- dig gemynd, blessed memory. Mynd-byrd, protection, patronage. Myndig, mindful. Gemyndig, mindful. /myndig, for gemyndig. Myne, II. 2. minnow} mena. Mynegung, admonition, exhorta- tion. Mynetere, II. 2. money-changer ; from mynet, money ; hence our mint. Ger, Miinze, Dan. Mynt. Gemjngmn, to remember, meditate, admonish. Mynster, III. I. minster, monastei-y. Mynsterlic, monastic. /mynt, appointed ; for gemynt. See Myntan. Myntan, to resolve, appoint, decree; pp. gemynt. Myrce, Mercian. Myrh^, II. 3. mirth, joy. Myrre, myrrh. Myse, I. 3. table. Myslycian. See Mislician. Myssenllcnys, variety, diversity. N. Na, not, none. Gr. 418, 421. Nabban, 3 nsefS, pret. naefde, to have not. Nacod, naced, naked. Nseddre, I. 3. serpent. Ger. Natter. Nsedl, II. 3. needle. Ger. Nadel. Naedre. See Nseddre. -Nsefdon, for ne hsefdon. See Nab- ban. Gr. 216. Nsefre, never. Naegel, II. 2. nail. Gensemod, pp. of gensemian, i. q. nemnan. Nsenig, not any, none. Nseron, for ne woeron. Gr. 233. Nses, for ne wees. Gr. 233. Nses, not. Nah, for ne ah. See Agan. Naht, naught. Nahte, for ne ahte, ought not. Nahtlic, naught. Nahwser, nowhere. Nalaes, not, not the less ; nalaes J>3et an, not that only. Nama, name. Nam-cu(5, known by name, remark- able. Genamian, to name. Nan, no, none. Nanuht, naught ; for nanwiht. Nanwyht, nought, nothing. Nates-hwon, by no means, not at all. fNauyt (nawiht), naught. Nazarenisc, Nazarenian. Na'Ser, neither. Ne, not. Geneahhe, 1 enough, abundantly. Genehe, J Ger. genug. Nealsecan, 1 pret. -laehte, to ap~ Genealsecan, J proach, draw near. Gr. 208, 253. 2S4f GLOSSARY. name, call. Near, neorrer; comp. o neah. Gr. p. 51. Nearolice, narrowly, closely, briefly. Neat, II. 1? neat, ox, beast. Genekt, II. 2. enjoy er, sharer, re- tainer ; from neotan : eald-ge- neat, aged vassal. Neawest, neighbourhood. Neb, nib, face. Nedjjearfties, need, necessity. Nefa, 1 , G.nefa,/^^^^^- Neh, near, nigh, nearly. Genelie. See Geneahhe. Nehst, last. NembraS, Nimrod. Nemlice, namely, indeed, videlicet. Nemnan 1 Genemnian, J Neod, II. 3.'' need, necessity, opus. Neodpearf, needful. Neorxna wang, II. 2. paradise. Neosan, n , . . r^ , , . [to seek, visit ; orten Neosian, > ... Geneosian,J gov. gen. of thing. Neosung, \ ^i,it^ ^i^Uation. Geneosung, J Neotan, pret. neat, to enjoy, use. Neowelnaes, 1 abyss, hell, bottom, Neowelnys, J lowest part. fNeowene (niwan), newly, recently. Neo])eweard, netherward, down. Neo])ewerde, downward, below. Nergend, II. 2. saviour, preserver, God. Gr. 118. Nes, for ne is. Nest, II. 1. nest. Nest, II. 3. food, provision. Isl. nesti. Weg-nest, viaticum. Nett, II. 1. net. fNewenn, now. Next, last, nearest, neighbour. NeSan, to sleep. Nic, contr. for ne ic. Nied, i. q. Neod. fNig (neh), nigh. Niht, night. Gr. 106. Nihtes, by night. Gr. 108. Ger. nachts. Niht-sang, IL 2. night-song, com- pline, completorium. Cenihtsumlice, sufficiently. Dan. noksom. Niht-waecce, I. 3. night-watch. Niman, 1 pret. nam, to take, get, Geniman, J meet. Ger. nehmen. tNiman (niman), to arrange, dis- pose. fNime (niman), to take. Nis, for ne is. Gr. 233. Niw, new. Niwelnis. See Neowelnaes. Geniwian, to renovate. NiS, II. 2. evil, malice, envy, hate. NiSe-rof, famed for evil. Ni}>er-stigan, to descend. See Sti- gan. tNif5fuU, malignant, envious. Ni6-heard, hardened in iniquity. Gem^le, I. 3. hate, enmity. No, no, not. Genoh, "1 , , > enough. f /now, genoh, J Noht, naught. Nolde. See Nyllan. Noma. See Nama. Non, II. 2. noon, nona. Non-mete, II. 2. noon-meat, dinner. Non-tid, II. 3. noontide. Norwaeg, Norway. NorS, north; be norSan, to the north of. , GLOSSARY. 235 Norman, north, from the north. NorShymber, Northumbrian. NorSwic, Norwich. N6s-J)irl, III. 1. nostril. Notian, to use, enjoy. fNouJje (nu fa), now. Nu, now. Nunne, I. 3. nun. fNusten (nyste), knew not. fNute (nyte), knows not. Nyd. See Neod. G^enydan, pret. -nydde, to force. Nyd]?earfnys, need, want. Nygan(nigon),l .^^^ Nygon, J Nyllan, contr. for ne willan, to will not, (Lat. nolle,) pret. nolde. Gr. 217. Nym6e, unless, except. Nyste, for ne wiste. See Ny- tan. Nyten, III. 1. neat, animal, beast. Gr. 93. Nytenlic, wild, rude. Nytennys, wildness, stupidity, rude- ness. Nyton, for ne witon. Gr. 218. Nytwyr'Snes, utility. NySer, down. NySer-astiffan, 1 . , ^^\ , ^ ) to come down. Nyoer-stigan, J NySercuman, to descend. (?enyt5erian, to condemn. O. to, one, a, any. to, in. Oh, for, of. Of, of, from. tOf, oft. Of-animan, to take from. See Ni- man. Ofarsesta, residue. Of-ascreadian, to shred off, prune, cut off. Ofdiine, down. Of-eode, went from, left. See Gan. Ofer, II. 2. shore, bank. Ger. Ufer. Ofer, over, against, after, by. Oferbrecan, pret. -brsec, to break, infringe. Ofercuman, to overcome. See Cu- man. Oferdrencan, to overdrench. Oferfsereld, passage, transit. Ofer-far, II. 2 } passage over, transit. OierfdTSin, to pass over. SeeFaran. Oferferan, to pass over. Ofergan, to ravage. See Gan. Ofer-geweorc, II. 1. tomb, mauso- leum. Oferhrops, voracity. Ofermod, II. 2. pride ^ also adj. proud. Ger. Uebermuth. Oferwadan, pret. -wod, to wade over, cross. Oferwinnan, to conquer, overcome. See Winnan. Oferwintran, to pass the winter, hiemare. Offrian, 1 ^ /r -z- ^ ™ . ? to offer, sacrifice. Geoffrian, J OfFrung, offering, sacrifice. Ofgangan, to go forth, go from, proceed. See Gan. Ofmyrjjrian, to murder. Ofostlice, instantly. Ofsceamian, to shame ; ofsceamod, ashamed. Ofsceotan, pret. -sceat, pi. -scuton, to shoot off. 236 GLOSSARY. Ofslean, 3 p. he -slyh6, pret. -sloh, pp. -slegen (-slagen), to slay. ^ \ • ' \ to stick, stab, slay. stikian, J quickly, with haste. Ofi Ofstlice, 1 Ofstum, J Oft, oft, often. Oft-sit$, II. 2. On oft-sit5as, often- times, at repeated times. Ofwundroden, for ofwundrode, astonished; from ofwundrian. Of})mcan, to think ill, take amiss, repent. See Dincan. tOfpinche'S (of})iiiceS), repenteth : from of])iiican. Ofjjriccan, pret. ofj)rihte, to op- press, overwhelm. Oleccan, to flatter, blandiri. Olfend, 1 II. 2. camel; though this Oluend, J word, as well as the M. G. Ulbandus, signifies cor- rectly not a camel, but an ele- phant. On, on, in, with, during ; cum ac- cus. into, hy, as, on niht, by night, on beot, with threatening. On, for an, a. On-aledon, laid on. See Lecgan. Onbaec, behind. Onbsernan, to inflame. Gr. 196. Onbelaedan, to lay on, apply. Onbidan, to await ; gov. gen. Onbryrdan, to instigate, excite, en- courage, animate. Onbugan, pret. -beah, pi. -bugon, bow, bend. Onburigan, to taste. Onbutan, about, around. Oncnawan,3-cn3e-w'S; pret. -cneow, to know, understand, recognise. OncwetJan, to address. Ond, i. q. and. Ondraedan, pret. ondred, to dread, fear. Gr. 234. Often used as a reflective with a dative. Ondrsedendlic, dreadful, terrible. Ondrseding, II. 3. dread, fear. fOne, for on. On-eardian, to dwell in, inhabit. Onettan, to hasten. Onfangennys, reception, participa- tion. Onfindan, to flnd out, discover. See Findan. Onflote, afloat. Onfon, pret. onfeng, pp. onfangen, to receive, take. (This verb often governs the dative.) Onfonde, taker. See Onfon. Gr. 118. Ongean, again, against, towards, to, over against; eft ongean, back again. Ongean-cyrran, to return, Ongeat, against. On-gedon, to do on or in. SeeDon. Ongel-feod, II. 3. English nation. On-gemong, among. On-gesittan, to sit in. See Sittan. Onget, for ongeat. See Ongytan. Onginnan, pret. -gan, pi. -gunnon, to begin. Gr. 242. Ongitan, 1 3 -gyst, pret. ongeat, to Ongytan, J understand, perceive. Onhsetan, act. to heat, inflame. v Onhebban, pret. -hof, to lift, exalt. Onhyldan, to bend, incline. Onhyrian, to imitate, emulate; p. pr. onhyrgende. On-innan, within, among. Onlsedan, to lead in, bring. Onligan,pret.-lah(-leah),pl.-ligon, GLOSSARY. 237 to grant, bestow ; gov. gen. of the thing. Onlocian, to look on, behold. Onlutan, 3 -lyt, pret. -leat, pi. -lu- ton, to bow, incline. Onlyhtan, pret. -leohte, to illumine, enlighten, give sight. Onlyhting, II. 3. lightning. Onsceotan, pret. -sceat, pi. -scuton, to propel, drive, push on. Onscunian, fo shun, reject, abhor. Onsendan, to send to. Onsigan, pret. -sah, pi. -sigon, to impend, hover over, descend. Onsittan, to sit on. See Sittan. Onslsepan, to fall asleep. Ger. einschlafen. See Slaepan. Onstellan, i. q. astellan. Ger. an- stellen. Onsund, afloat, swimming. Onsundron, asunder, aside, apart. On-swymman, to swim in. See Swymman. Ontynan, to open, reveal. On-uppon, upon, over. Onwacan, pret. -woe, to awake. Onweald, i. q. anweald. Onwenda.n,to change. SeeWendan. Onwreon, pret. -wreah, pi. -wru- gon, to reveal, disclose. OnwriSan, pret. -wraS, pi. -wriSon, to unbind, unwrap. Gr. 248. Oord, i. q. ord. Open, open, plain, evident. Geopenian, geopnian, act.andneut. to open. Openlice, openly. Ore, II. 2. pitcher, pot. M. G. aurki. Ord, II. 2 ^ beginning, edge, point, army, band. Isl. Oddr. Ordfruma, origin. fOre, are, mercy, pity. Oreald, very old. Ger. uralt. Oret-maecg, II. 2. champion, war- rior. Orf, cattle, animal. Orfeorme, fruitlessly. Orhlice, orglice, orgellice, proudly, arrogantly. Hence perhaps or- gueilleux. Ormaete, without measure, immense, vast, immensely. Orsawle, without soul, lifeless, Orsorh, without care, secure. Ortruwian, to despair. Orwene, hopeless, desperate, Ostre, I. 3. oyster. Owern, anywhere. Oxa, ox. Oxan-hyrde, II. 2. ox-herd. Oxena-ford, Oxford. OS, till, unto, to. OtSer, other, second; ot5er twega, other of two, one or the other. O^fleon, to flee away, escape. See Fleon. tOj)om (aj)um), son-in-law. OSstandan, to stand still, cease. See Standan. 0|?ywian, to show, discover. OSSset, till that, until ; oS]?3et an, to that degree, so much. OUe, or. 0S6e, for oScSaet. OSj>ringan, pret. -|?rang (-]>rong), pi. -frungon, to force away. P. Pada, p. 137, line 46, seems, as sug- gested by a learned friend, here 238 GLOSSARY. to be the M. G. paida, O. Sax. peda, tunica ; in which case, Sa- lowig-pada, both here and in the "Battle of Brunanburh," is a compound, and to be rendered sallow-coated. Paida is fern, in M. G., but the masc. termination of the epithet, salowig-pada, is purely adjectival. In the line, and })one hasean padan (Batt. Brun.), pada has doubtless an- other meaning, being either the name of some bird of prey with a hoarse cry, or signifying a toad, and is of the masc. gen. Nor is it probable that the poet would use the same word in the same sense in two lines so nearly together. Psell, II. 2. pall, purpura. Pante, the Blackwater, in Essex. The following passage from Gough's Camden, vol. ii. p. 43. 1st edit., may be interesting. "The shore curving a little to the north here admits the sea into two bays, one called Crouch, the other Blackwater, formerly Pant. In Crouch are four plea- sant green islands, but rendered marshy by the tide : the princi- pal of these are Wallot and Foul- ness, q. d. Bird Cape, which has a church, and may be come at on horseback, when the tide is out. Between these is the hun- dred of Dengy, formerly Daun- cing, abounding in pasturage and cattle, but both the soil and air unhealthy. The chief town of this hundred, which takes its name from it, is Dengy, vsup- posed by the inhabitants to take its name from the Danes." Dray- ton has also ; " When Chebner scarce arrives in her most wished bay, But Blackwater comes in through many a crooked way, Which Pant was call'd of yore, but that by Time exil'd, She Froshwell after hight, then Black- water instil' d." Poly-Olhion, 19th Song, p. 4. edit. 1622, fol. See also Holinshed's Description of Britaine, chap. xvi. Papa, pope. Peanig. See Pening. fPellen, evidently, both from the sense and the rime, an error for pallen, palls, tapestry. Pening, penig, peanig, II. 2. penny. Peoht, II. 2. Pict. Pinewincle, periwinkle. Pinnan, flascones, i. q. ilaxan } Pinung, II. Z. pain, torment. Plantian, to plant. Plega, play. Plegian, to play. Pleigan, i. q. plegian. Pleoh, peril, danger. Pleolic, dangerous. Pliht, plight, danger. Plyhtlic, i. q. pleolig. Praettig, deceitful, versipellis. Prafost, II. 2. provost, superintend- ent, prior. V Prasse, p. 123, line 11.? Preost, II. 2. priest. Prim, prime. Prouast, II. 2. provost, governor. Pund, II. \. pound. Puse, I. 3. bag, wallet, pera. Pyt, II. 2. pit, hole. GLOSSARY. 239 Q. tQuale-hus, house of torture, or pu- nishment. tQuartern (cwartem), prison. tQua]7j)rigan, quadripartite. tQuecchen, to cook} /queme (gecyveme), pleasing, agree- able. f/quemed (gecwemed), pleased. tQuene. (cwen), queen. tQueS (cw3e^), said. R. Racenta, raccenta, 1 . . ' > chain. Racenteag, II. 3? J Racu, III. 3. narration, explanation. Rad. See Ridan. fRaden (raedan), to read. fRadful, wise ; from rsed, counsel. Gersecan, pret. -rselite, to reach, get, capture. Reed, II. 2. rede, counsel, delibera- tion j rsed Jjincan, to seem ad' visable. Gersed, II. 3. housing, trapping (of a horse), phalerse. Rjedan, 1 3 rset, pret. rsedde, pp. Gersedan, J raed, to read. Gr.205. Rsedan, 1 to counsel, advise, com- Gersedan, J mand. Reedbora, counsellor, adviser. Rseding, reading, lecture. Reeding, for hrseding. Rsefhian, to execute, obey. Rsege, roe, caprea. Ger. Reh. fRseid (rsed), advice, counsel. Rses, II. 2. rush, shock, onset. Rseswa, leader, chief. Rset. See Reedan. fRaetful, crafty. fRsev (reaf), vestment, hanging. RseS, quick, rash. f Rahuien (reafian) , to spoil, plunder. Ram, II. 2. ram. ^^^^' \ II. 2. shield. Rande, J Rand-wiggende, warring with a shield. Gr. 118. Rann, II. 1 ? fallow deer, dama. RaSe (hraSe), quickly ; rat5e ]>8es, soon after this. tRaSer, rather, sooner. Read, red. Reade, redly ? Reaf, II. 1. garment, also spoil, plunder. Ger. Raub. Rec, II. 3. reek, vapour, odour, ex- halation, reputation. Gerec, government. Recan, pret. rohte, to reck, care. Recan, pret. rehte, to govern. Gr. 214. Reccan, pret. reahte, to reck, care for. Reccan, "1 pret. rehte, to inter - Gereccan, J pret, define, explain, relate. See Reccan. Reced, II. 2. house, mansion; heah- reced, lofty dwelling, palace. Gerecednys, history, narrative. Recels, II. 2. frankincense. Gr. 300. Recene, recone, instantly. Recnan, to reckon, pay out. Reft, II. 1. veil. Regollic, regular. Rehtun. See Reccan. Remian, to mend. Gerenian, to adorn. Reocan, 3 rycS, pret. reac, pi. ru- con, to reck. Ger. rauchen. 240 GLOSSARY. tReod (read), red. Gereord, III. 1 ? speech, tongue. Gereord, III. 1 ? dinner, meal. Gereordian, to feed, fill, dine. Gereording, 1 II. 3. meal, refec- Gereordung, / tion. Reowlic, lamentable, cruel. Reowsian, to rue. Rest, II. 3. rest, resting-place, bed. Restan, to rest ; generally used as a reciprocal when applied to per- sons. Gr. 259. Restan, "I Gerestan, J to rest, remain. Reste-daeg, 1 II. 2. rest-day, sab- Resten-dseg, J bath. Retie, Neritos. The following is the passage in Boetius of which the Saxon is a paraphrase : Vela Neritii ducis, Et vagas pel ago rates Eurus appulit insulae, Pulcra qua residens dea Soils edita semine, Miscet hospitibus novis Tacta carmine pocula. De Consol. lib. iv. met. 3. In his metres, K. Alfred makes Ulysses king of Thrace as well as Rhsetia; He waes Dracia J)ioda aldor and Retie rices hyrde. Edit. Rawl. p. 889. Rewyt, navigation, voyage. ^^"6, fierce, savage, raging. Ric, powerful. Rice, III. 1. kingdom, empire, coun- try, reign. Ger. Reich, Dan. Rige, Engl, -ric in comp., as bi- shopric. Ricene. See Recene. Ricetere, II. 2} power, violence. fRich, rich. fRiche (ric), powerful. Ridan, pret. rad, pi. ridon, to ride. Gr. 246. Ridda, rider, horseman. Ger. Rit- ter, Dan. Ridder. Riht, 1 III . 1 . rite, ceremony, office, Geriht, J privilege. Riht, II. 1 . justice, truth, right ; on riht, rightly. Riht, ") right, straight ; on ge- Geriht, J rihte, straight forward. Genhtan, to correct, straighten, di- rect, guide. Rihte, rightly, straightly. JRihtgelyfed, orthodox. Gmhtlsecan, pret. -Isehte, to recti- fy, amend. RihtUce, rightly, justly. Rihtwis, righteous. Geriht-wisende, teacher of the law, Sadducee. Gr. 118. Rihtwisnis, righteousness. Gerim., number, computation. fRime, verse. Rinc, II. 2. man, warrior. Riofol, roughness, leprosy. Geripian, to ripen. GmsenUc, fitting, proper, suitable. fRiue, rife, frequent. Rixian, to govern, rule. fRiS (riht), right. ^ Rod, II. 3. rood, cross. Roder, II. 2. firmament, heaven. Roderlic, heavenly, ethereal. Rode-tacn, III. 1. sign of the cross. R6f, renowned. Romana, Rome. Rome-burh, Rome. Rond-wiggende, shielded-warrior . Gr. 118. GLOSSARY. 24-1 Rose, I. 3. rose. Rotlice, gaily. fRouning, rune, alphabetic cha- racter, whisper, secret converse. Ger. raunen, to whisper. Rowan, 3 rewS, pret. reow, to row. Gr. 234. Rum, II. 2. room, space. f/rum (ger3nii), imperat. clear, open. Kwaie, widely-, amply , freely . fRumen (ryman), to give place, get, procure. Run, II. 3. rune, counsel, mystery, alphabetic character. Ryge-diin, Roy don, in Norfolk, near Diss. Ryht. See Riht. Ryman, 1 to yield (space) , give up, Gerfmsji, J evacuate ; weg gery- man, to open a way. Ger. rau- men. Rynan, to roar, bellow. Ryne, II. 2. course, flux, running. Geryne, III. 1. mystery, sacra- ment. Rysel, II. 3. fat. S. Sacerd, II. 2. priest, sacerdos. Sse, II. 2. & II. 3. sea. Gr. 85. Ssec, war, warfare, battle ; from sacan, to contend. Sse-coc, II. 2. cockle} neptigallus. Seed, II. 1. seed. Scfid-berende, seed-bearing. Gr. 118. Saede. See Secgan. Ssed-sete, III. \. place for seed} Gesseged, sacrificed. Sse-gemsere, III. 1. sea-coast. See Gemsere. Saegen, i. q. secgan. fSseghenn (gesegen), saw ; from geseon. Ssehtlian, to reconcile. Ssel, II. 2. time, occasion. Gesselan, to bind, tie. Sselic, sealike, marine, watery. Sse-lida, mariner. Ges3d\ig,. happy, blessed. Ger. selig. /sselig, for gesselig. /saeligelice, for gesseliglice, hap- pily, &c. Sseman, III. 2. seaman. Saemestre, I. 3. seamstress. See-rinc, II. 2. seaman, sea-warrior. fSaete, sitting, festival. Saetl, for setl. fSsette (sset), sat. Sahl, II. 2. club, pole. Salowig, sallow, swarthy. Samaria, Massilia, (Marseilles). Samcucu, half-alive. fSammnedd (gesamnod), gather- ed; from samnian. Gesamnung. See Gesomnung. Samod, also, likewise, together. Sanct, II. 2. saint. Sand, II. 3. dish, meal. Sand-corn, II. 1? grain of sand. Sande, II. 2. message, legation. Sang, II. 2. song. Sape, I. 3. soap. Sar, II. 1. sore, pain. Sar, sore, painful. fSari (sarig), sorry, sorrowful. Sarian, to sorrow, grieve. Ger. sorgen. Sarig, sorry, sorrowful. SarliCe, painfully. 242 GLOSSARY. Siimys, soreness, pain. Saul. See Sawl. Saul-]>earf, II. 3. soul's need. Sawan, pret. seow, pp. sawen, to sow, spread abroad. Sawl, sawel, II. 3. soul. Scadu, III. 3. shadow. Scamel, II. 2} stool. Scanca, shank, leg. tScanden (scendan), to shend, dis- grace. Ger, schanden. Sceacan, pret. sceoc, to shake, tremble. Gescead, III. 1. reason, discretion. Sceaf. See Scufan. Sceaft, II. 2. shaft, handle. Sceaft, III. 1. creature, p. 181, line 3. The sense of this and the seven following lines is ex- tremely uncertain, the passage being evidently corrupt. Gesceaft, III. 1. creature. Gr. 93. Gesceaft, 11. 3. creation. Sceal, pi. sculon, subj. scyle, imp. sceolde, shall, must, debeo. Gr. 218. This verb is also frequent- ly used like the Ger. soUen, to be said, reported. Scealc, II. 2. servant, common sol- dier or sailor. M. G. Skalks, Ger. Schalk. Sceamu, III. 3. shame. Sceap, II. 1. sheep. Gesceap, III. 1. shape, form, crea- tion, formation. Sceapan, pret. sceop, to shapen. Gesceapen, pp. of scyppan. Sceap-herde, II. 2. shepherd. Gesceapian, to shape, form, create. Gesceapnis, shaping, forming, crea- tion. Scear, share {of a plough). Scearn, II. 1? dung. Dan. Skarn. Scearp, sharp, acute. Sceatj'II. 2. apiece of money, price, treasure, profit. M. G. Skatts., Sceawere, II. 2. beholder, spectator. Sceawian, to look, look at. Sceavv^ung, II. 3. spectacle, sight. SceaS, sheath. Scea])a, robber, thief, miscreant, wretch. Seel, II. 3. shell. See Wsel-scel. fScench (scene), wine scench, wme- drinking; from scencan, to skink. Sceo, SCO, shoe, fico. Gr. 106. Sceocca, Satan, devil. Sceona, gen. of sceon, pi., shoon. Gesceop. See Gescyppan. Sceort, short. Sceortlice, shortly, briefly. Sceortnys, shortness. Sceota, trout, skait? tructus. Sceotan, 3 scyt, pret. sceat, pi. scuton, to shoot. Sceotend, II. 2. shooter, archer. Sceo-wyrhta, shoemaker. Sceo-J)wang, 11.2. shoe-thong, or -tie. Seep. See Sceap. Scep-hyrde. See Sceap-herde. Sceran, to shear, cut away. ^ Sce6. See SceaS. Scild. See Scyld. Scild-burh, shield-fence, scutorum testudo. Isl. Skialldborg. Scima, shine, brilliancy. Scinan, pret. scan (scean), pi. sci- non, to shine, appear. Ger. schei- nen. Scip, III. 1. ship. Scir, II. 3. shire. GLOSSARY, 243 Scir, sheer, bright, clear. Scireburna, Shirhurne, in Dorset- shire. SciSSige, Scythia. fScome (sceomu), shame. Scomu, III, 3. shame. Scon, shoon ; pi. irr. of sco, shoe. fScone (scene), sheen, beautiful. Ger. schon. Scop, II. 2. poet, minstrel. Scop-gereord,* III. 1. poetic dic- tion, poetry. Scotian, to shoot. Scotung, U. 3. shooting, jaculatio. Scrsef, II. 1. den, cave. Screadian, 1 to shred, prune, lop, G^escreadian, J cut. Serin, II. 1. shrine, casket, chest. Dan. Skrin, Ger. Schrein. Scnid, II. V. shroud, vestment. Gescrfdan, 1 3 scryt, to clothe. Gr. Scrydan, J 207. Scryn. See Serin. Scucca. See Sceocca. Scufan, 3 scyft5, pret. sceaf, pi. scufon, to shove, thrust. Scimian, to shun, fear. Sciir, 11. 2. shower. Scurum, adv., with scouring or grinding ; hence the phrase ' scu- rum heard'. Gescy, shoes. Gr. 106, 276. Scyld, II, 3. sin, crime. Ger. Schuld. Scyld, II. 2. shield. Ger. SchHd. Gescyld, indebted. Gescyldan, to shield, protect. Scyld-burh. See Scild-burh. Scyldig, guilty, condemned. Gescyldnys, defence, 'protection. Gescyndan, t^ shend, put to shame. Scyp, scip. III. 1. ship. Ger. Schiff, Dan. Skib. Scypen, II. S} stall, shed. Scyp-here, II. 2. feet, naval force. Gescyppan, pret. -sceop, pp. -scea- pen, to shape, form, create. Scyppend, II. 2. creator. Gr. 118. Scytsen, for scuton. See Sceotan. Scytan, sceotan, pret. sceat, pi. scuton, to shoot. Scyttan, apparently the same as Sceotan, erogare, conferre (pe- cuniam), to pay. Se, masc, he, the, Gr. 146. Se, for sy, p. 120, line 7. fSe, as ; son se, as soon as. Jseah, for geseah. Seal, II. 2. seal, phoca. Geseald, betrayed. See Syllan. Sealde. See Syllan. Sealm, II. 2. psalm. Sealm-sceop, II. 2. psalmist. Sealm-song, II. 2. psalm-singing, psalmody. Sealm - wyrhta, psalm - wright, psalmist. Sealt, II. 1. salt. Sealt, adj., salt. Sealtere, II. 2. Salter. Seamere, II. 2. seamer, tailor. Searo-])oncol, devising stratagem, cunning. Seax, II. 1. knife, sword. Secan, "I pret. sohte, to seek. Gr. Gesecan, J 214. Secean, for secan. Secg, II. 2. soldier, warrior, man. Secgan, 1 pret. saede, to say. Gesecgan, J Gr. 214. Secrse, for secra, or seocra, gen. pi. of seoc. 2 244 GLOSSARY. Gesegon, pret. pi. of geseon. Gr. 231. +Seh, soli (sah), fell down ; de- scended from sigan. Geseh, i. q. geseali. See Geseon. Sel, good, excellent. SeldcuS, selcouth, wonderful, ex- traordinary. Seldon, seldom. Ger. selten. Seldsyn, rare. Geseman, to determine, judge, de- cide between. fSemeJ))), seemetk, beseemeth ? Semninga, suddenly. fSen (seon), to see. f/sen (geseon), to see. f/send, for gesend, pp. of gesen- dan. Gr. 207. Gesenian, to sign, mark. Seo, fern., she, the. Gr. 146. Seoc, sick. Seocnys, sickness. Seofe, seven. Seofeniht, week. Seofe^a, seventh. Seofon, seven. Seofonfeald, sevenfold. Seolfor, II. 1. silver. Seolfern, of silver, argenteus. Seolfer-smiS, II. 2. silversmith. Seolm, II. 2. See Sealm. Geseon, 3 p. he gesyhtS, pret. ge- seah (geseh), pi. gesawon. Gr. 231. Zseonne, for geseonne. f Seorwe (sorh), sorrow, affliction. Seow. See Sawan. Seo]?an, 3 syt5, pret. sea^, to seethe, boil. Gr. 251. Seo^Sa, afterwards, then. Serfis, II. 3. service. /set, for geset. Geseted, seated, placed, qu. fi-om setian? Gr. 202? Setl, III. 1. settle, seat, setting. Setl-gang, II. 2. sunnan setl-gang, sunset. Setlung, II. 3. setting. Gesetnys, law, institute, book. Settan, 1 to set, place, constitute, Gesettan, J establish, compose, dedicate. Gr. 208. tSettledd, settled, seated. Gcsewen, seen ; gesewen beon, to seem, videri. Gesewenlic, visible. Sex. See Seax. fSeS (s66), sooth, true. SeJ)e, masc, who, which. fShsewenn (sceawian), to show. Sia, for seo, p. 120, line 7. Sib, II. Z. peace. fSib, contract. Gesib, 1 J. J. tisib./"-^*'"' Sibling, II. 2. relation, kinsman or kinswoman. Gesibsum, peaceable, friendly. Sid, broad, ample. Side, I. 3. silk. Side, I. 3. side. Sid-wah,, II. 2. side -wall ; sid- wages, for -wagas. Sig, for sy. See Wesan. Sigan, pret. sah, pi. sigon, to sink, descend, fall down. Sige, II. 2. victory. Ger. Sieg. Sige-folc, II. I. triumphant people. Sigel, II. 3. collar, monile. Sige-rof, victorious. Sige-wong, II. 2. plain or field of victory. related. GLOSSARY. 24,5 Sigor, victory. Ger. Sieg. Sigor-lean, reward of victory. GesihS, II. 3. sight, vision, aspect ^ presence. Silomon, Sulmo in Italy. Simle, ever, always. Sin. See Syn. Sin, his, her. Ger. sein, Dan. sin. Sine, II. 1. treasure, silver. Sinc-gyfa, treasure-giver ; epithet applied to a chief. Singal, perpetual, continuous. Singan, pret. sang (song), pi. sun- gon, to sing. Singian, to sin. Sino^, synod. Sio, i. q. seo. Siofian, to bewail. ' . ' > pret. saet, to sit. Gesittan, J SiS, II. 2. way, path, journey, ex- tremity, time. Isl. Sinn, Dan. Sinde. Gr. 33. SiS, late. Gesi8, II. 2. associate, ally. SiSlice, afterwards, subsequently. SiSj^an, after that, then, afterwards. Si6-faet, III. \. journey, expedition; yet 'minne siSfaet' occurs Cod. Exon. f. 52, b. Simian, to journey. Slsed, II. I. plain, open tract of country. Isl. Sletta, Dan. Slette. Slsege, II. I. slaying, death. See also Slecge. Slaegie, for slaege. Slaep, II. 2. sleep. Slsepan, 3 slsepS, pret. slep, pp. slapen. Gr. 234. Slsep-em, II. 1. dormitory. Sleac, slack, slow, remiss. Slean, 1 3 slyhS, pret. sloh, pi. Geslekn, j slogon, to slay, strike, beat, cast, fight. Ger. schlagen. Also, to gain (by fighting) ; as, ac J)u most heonon hu'Se Isedan. ]>e ic ]>e set hilde gesloh. but thou mayst hence lead the spoil, which ' I for thee have won in battle : — Ccedm . p . 1 2 9 , line 24 . [ Aj^elstan and Eadmund] ealdor-langne tyr. geslogon set secce. \_Athel- stan and Edmund^ gained life- long glory in the battle : — Battle of Br., line 6. SeeWarton, vol.i. p. Ixxxviii. 8vo edit. Slecge, II. 2. sledge, large ham- mer ; from slean. Siege, III. 1. slaying, slaughter, stroke, blow ; siege faege, doomed to slaughter. Geslegen, struck ; pp. of slean. Sleh, imperat. of slean. Slepan. See Slaepan. Slitan, to slit, tear. Slogon. See Slean. Smeagan, to inquire, consider, argue, meditate, contemplate, design. Smeagung, II. 3. machination. Smean. See Smeagan. Smeat, "obrussa, obrysum, purum aurnm; of smeate golde, ex puro auro." — Lye. More probably beaten gold, from smitan, pret. smat, to smite, beat. Smea^ancolnys, subtlety. Smedme, I. S.fiour. SmiS, II. 2. smith, or any handi- craftsman in general. SmiSfe, I. 3. smithy, workshop. Ger. Schmiede. Smylt, mild, serene, tranquil. 246 GLOSSARY. Smyrian, to smear, anoint. Snaw, II. 2. snow. Snaw-hwit, snoiu-white. Snel, bold, quick, active. Ger. schnell. SniSan, pret. snaS, pi. sniSon, pp. sniden, to cut. Ger. schneiden. Snoter, wise, prudent. Snude, forthwith, quickly. Snytro, III. 3. prudence, wit. Gr. 103. Softe, softly, easily. Solcen, silken. Gesomnian, to assemble, call toge- ther. Gesomnung, II. 3. assembly, syna- gogue -, from samnian, to gather. Ger. Sammlung. Somod, also, at the same time, to- gether with. Son, II. 2. sound, song. Sona, soon, straightway ^ forthwith. Song-crseft,II. 2. art of song , poetry . Sont, for sanct. Sorgian, to sorroiv, grieve. Sorh, II. 3. sorrow, care. Ger. Sorg. Sorhful, sorrowful. Sorhlice, sorrowfully, miserably. S66, true, truly, in sooth ; so])e, truly ; to so])e, in sooth, forsooth. S66fsestnes, "( truth, integrity, jus- SoSfsestnys, i tice ; for soSfaest- nysse God, p. 73, line 3. S6t51ice, soothly, truly, amen. fSoSscipe (sotscipe), sotship, folly. Spac, for spsec. Spad, spadu, spade. Spsec, i. q. sprsec. Gespanan, to persuade. See Aspa- nan. Sparian, to spare. Spearca, spark. Sp^c, i. q. sprzec. Sp^caii, i. q. spr^can. Sp^dan, to speed, succeed, agree ? f/spedden (gespeddon), executed, performed. fSpedet (spedeS). See Spedan. Spedig, rich. Spell, II. 1. & II. 3? history, tale. fSpellenn (spellian), to relate, preach. fSpeneS (spende^), spends; from spendan. Spere, III. 1. spear. Spic, bacon. Ger. Speck. fSpilede (spellade), spoke ; from spellian. Spillan, to destroy. Gesponnen, persuaded, enticed ; from gespanan. Gespowan, pret. -speow, to suc- ceed, speed. Spraec, II. 3. speech, saying. Sprecan, ") 3 sprycS, pret. sprsec, Gesprecan, J to speak, to speak to, address. Ger. sprechen. Gr. 229. Sprengan, to burst, break, snap. Ger. springen. Springan, pret. sprang, pi. sprun- gon, to spring. Sprittan (spryttan), to sprout, ger- minare, pullulare. Gr. 208. Spur-le]?er, II. 3. spur-leather. Spycan, to speak. Spyrta, basket, sporta. Stsede, for stede. Staef, II. 2. staj', rod, letter, writing. Ger. Stab. Stselcung, II. 3. stalking, walking slowly. GLOSSARY. 247 G^estsenan, to stone. Stsenen, of stone. Staer, III. 1. history. Stse^, III. 1. shore, bank. SteSSig, steady, firm. GestaeSSignys, steadiness, gravity. Stalian, to steal. Stan, II. 2. stone. Ger. Stein, Dan. Steen. Standan, 1 3 stent (stynt), pret. Gestandan, / stod, to stand, to be, drive, continue. Also, act. to urge, vex. Gr. 237. Stanford, Stamford. Starian, to stare, look. StaSol, II. 2. foundation, site. Steap, steep, deep. Stearc, rugged, hard, austere. Stfede, II. 2. stead, place j stede faest, steadfast, firm. Stefen, II. 3. voice. Gr. 81. fStefuen (stefen), voice. Stelan, 3 stylS, pret. stsel, pp. sto- len, to steal. Stelon, for stelan. Stemne, for stefne. Gr. 81. See Stefen. Stemnettan, to meet ? Stenc, II. 2. stink, odour. Steop-beam, II. 1. step- child. Steorra, star. Steort, II. 2. tail. Stepel, II. 2. steeple, tower. Steppan, pret. stop, to step, go. Sterced-ferh^, stern-minded, rug- ged. Stician, to stick, haerere. Stihtan, to arrange, dispose. G^estillan, to still, stay. Stille, still, quietly. Stillnes, stillness, quiet. Stingan, pret. stang, pi. stungon, to sting, stab. Stiran, to rule, move, punish. See Styran. Stiria, sturgeon. Ger. andDan. Stor. Stirigendlic, stirring, moving. Stiward, II. 2. steward. ■StiS, stem, austere, severe. Sti^e, sternly, austerely. StiSlice, sternly, austerely. Sti^mod, stern. StiSnys, austerity, severity. Stod. See Standan. fStonde (stund), while, time. Ger. Stunde. Stont, for stent. See Standan. Stop. See Steppan. Stor, frankincense. fStor, great. D*an. stor. Storm, II. 2. storm. Ger. Sturm, Dan. Storm. Storm, stormy. Stow, II. 3. place; forming the ter- mination to many names of towns, as, Godstow, Felixstow, &;c. Stracian, to stroke. Strsel, II. 2. arrow, dart, missile. Strset, II. 3. street. Strang, strong, severe, rigid. Ger. strenge. Strange, strongly, pow- erfully. Gestrangian, to strengthen. Stream, II. 2. stream. Streccan, pret. strehte, to stretch, spread. Strengre, stronger. Gr. p. 51. fStrencS (strengS), strength, power. StrengS, II. 3. 1 , ,, Strengt5u,IIL3./^'^^^^'^- Streon, "1 gain, profit, trea- Gestreon, III. 1. J sure. 248 GLOSSARY. Streoneshalh, Whitby. Dan. Hvid Bye. This is one of many in- stances where the Saxon name has given place to the Danish. Streowian, to strew. Gestridan, pret. -strad, pi. -stridon, to stride, mount {on horseback). Strinan, to beget. Strudan, to spoil, rob, destroy. Stnitian, i. q. strudan. Gestrynan, to beget, get, gain. Stund, II. 3. stound, space of time; embe stunde, from time to time. Stunt, foolish, stupid. Stur-mere, Sturmer in Essex, on the river Stour, or rather the fen (mere) itself, in the neigh- bourhood of which Leofsunu ap- pears to have dwelt. " On the south, the river Stour, at its rise, stagnates in a great fen, called Stour-meer, but presently con- fining itself within its banks, first passes by Clare," &c. — Gough's Camden, vol. ii. p. 43. 1st edit. Stygan, to go, proceed. See Sti- gan. Gestylde, p. 89, line 24, appa- rently an error for gestyrde, pu- nished. See Styran. Styman, to steam, exhale. Stynt. See Standan. Stypel. See Stepel. Styran, "1 to regulate, stir, punish, Gestyran, j correct, rule ; gov. dat. of pers. and gen. of thing. Styriaen, for styran. Styrman, to storm, vociferate, as- sail. Styme, stem, severe. Styrn-mod, stern of mind. Styt^nys, severity, austerity. tSue, for swa. tSuge (secgan), to say. Suin. See Swin. Sul, sulh, II. 1 . plough, ploughshare . Sulh-geteog, III. 1. ploughing im- plements. Sum, some, one, quidam. tSum,Dan. Sax. for swa. Dan.som. Sumer, III. 2. summer. fSumneden (somnodon), assem- bled ; from somnian. Sun-beam, II. 2. 5Mw6eam. 'Under sun beame', p. 75, line 23, pos- sibly an error for, * under sumum beame', under a tree. Sund, swimming, natatio. Gesund, sound, safe. /sund, for gesund. Sunder-halga, one sundered as it were from others through extra- ordinary holiness, a pharisee. Gesundfull, 1 healthy, sound, pro- Gesundlic, J sperous. Sundor-sprsec, II. 3. a conversation apart. Sundor-yrf, II. I. separate property. Sun-ganges, with the sun. Sunnan-daeg, II. 2. Sunday. Sunne, I. 3. sun. Ger. Sonne. Sunu, III. 2. son. Ger. Sohn, Dan. Son. Susl, III. 1. torment, punishment. fSuste (swuster), sister. Suvdan, to keep silence, sHere. SuSan, south, from the south. Gr. 339. Su}>em, southern. Why this epi- thet is applied to a dart, it is difficult to conjecture; p. 125, line 7. GLOSSARY. 249 SuSweard, southward. Suwian, to he silent; suwiende, silent. Swa, so, thus, as, whether. Swa hwa swa, whosoever. Swa hweet swa, whatsoever. Swa hwylc swa, whosoever. Swa ilce, i. q. swylce. Swa same, so. fSwa sum, so as : Dan. Sax. for swa swa : Dan. saasom. Swa swa, so as. Swa peah, yet, notwith- standing, nevertheless. Swaec, II. 3. odour, taste, season- ing, sapor. /swsenct, for geswenced. Swser, heavy. Ger. schwer. Swses, sweet, dear. Swaesend, III. 1. meat, viand; ge- nerally used in the plural. Swseslice, 1 sweetly, henignantly, G^eswaeslice, J kindly. Swat, sweat, poet, hlood. Swatig, sweaty, poet, bloody. SwaSe, IIL 1. trace, vestige, way, path. (SwaSe, p. 52, line 17, is apparently an error for swaSu.) Sweart, swart, black. Ger. schwarz, Dan. sort. Swefel, II. 2. sulphur. Ger. Schwe- fel, Dan. Svovel. Swefen, III. \.^ Swefn, / Sweg, II. 2. sound. Swegan, to sound. Swegel, II. 2 ? heaven, firmament. Sweger, II. 3. wife's mother. Sweging, sound, noise. Geswel, II. 1. swelling, tumour. Swelgere, II. 2. glutton. Ger. Schwelger. fSwellten (sweltan), to die. dream. Sweltan, pret. swealt, pi. swulton, to die. Gr. 242. fSwen, swain, young man. Dan. Svend. Geswenc, 11^ 1. trouble, inconveni- ence, labour. Ceswencan, \ . m- ^ r .■ ^ . ytovex, afflict, fatique. Geswencian, J m v y Geswencednys, affiiction, sorrow. Sweng, stroke, blow. Sweora, neck. Sweorcende, darkening ; from swe- orcian, to grow dark or gloomy; sweoTcend-hrh.^, gloomy -minded. Sweord, II. 1 . sword. See Swurd. Sweorettung, II. 3. sigh. Sweot, II. 2. band, turma. Sweotol, i. q. swutol. Swet, sweet. Geswetan, to sweeten. Swetnes, sweetness. ffsweued (geswefod), rendered senseless; from geswefian, sopire. tSweyn, II. 2. swain, young man. Dan. Svend. Swican, 1 pret. swac, pi. swicon, Geswican, J to deceive, betray, cheat, desist from, shrink from. Swicdom, /rawc?, deceit. Swicol,/aZ5e, treacherous, deceitful. Swift, swift. Swiftnys, swiftness. Swigfl!, I. 2? silence. Swike, for swicon. See Swican. Swilce. See Swylce. fSwilch (swylce), as. fSwiUc (swylc), such. Swima, I. 2? giddiness, vertigo. Swimmende, swimming. Swin. See Swyn. Geswinc, III. 1. labour, toil. 250 GLOSSARY. Swincan, pret, swanc, pi. swuncon, to toil. Swincgel, II. 3?1 stripe, blow, Swincgle, I. 3? J lash. Swingan, pret. swang, pi. swun- gon, to scourge. Swingel, II. 3. correction, affliction. tSwinnc (swine), toil. Swansung, II. 3. sound, melody. Swipe, whip, scourge, SwiS, great, strong. Swi6e, very, valde, magnopere. SwiSlic, violent, strong. Swd^lice, i. q. swiSe. SwiSmod, violent, haughty. SwiSor, more ; comp. of swiS. SwiSost, chiefly, for the most part. Swi'8ra, compar. of swiS, right, dexter. GeswiSrian, to prevail against, sub- due. fSwomefest, collected, firm. fSwowen, swoon. Swulce, for swylce. Swuncgon. See Swingan. Swura, i. q. sweora. Swurd, sweord, II. 1. sword. For the epithet eald, applied to a sword, see Beow., line 5228, edit. Kemble, and Csedm. p. 209, line 5, edit. Thorpe. Swuster, Geswuster, . Swutelian, 1 to make manifest, G^eswutelian, J show. Swutelice, plainly, manifestly. Swutelung, II. 3. manifestation, testification. Swutol, swutel, manifest, evident ; sweotole, manifestly. Swyftlere, II. 2. sub talaris. III. 2. sister. Swylc, such. Swylce, as if, moreover, as it were. Swymman, pret.swamm, pl.swum- mon, to swim. Swyn, II. I. swine. Ger. Schwein, Dan. Svin. Swyra, i. q. sweora. Swyrd-bora, sword-bearer ; cor- ruptly swyrd-borse. Swyrd-geswing, sword-striking. Swytelian, i. q. swuteUan. Swywian, i. q. suwian. Swypost. See Swit5ost. Sybb. See Sib. Syfer, sober, abstinent, pure, decent; syferlice, soberly, 8fC. Syfemys, soberness, moderation. Syflincg, meat, anything eaten with bread, opsonium. (resyhS, II. 3. vision. Syl, II. 3. sill, post, log. Syl. See Syll. Sylan-scear, ploughshare. Sylf, self, same. Sylfor. See Seolfor. Syll, II. 3. & II. I. plough. Syllan, 1 pret. sealde, to sell, Gesyllan, J give, betray. Gr. 196. Symbel, feast. Symbel, always ; on symbel, at all times. ' Syn, II. 3. sin. Gr. 82. Syn, for synt. Synderlice, extraordinarily, exclu- sively, separately, respectively. Ger. sonderlig. Syngan. See Singan. Syngian. See Singian. Gesynte, III. 1. safety, success, be- nefit ; used in pi. only. Gesyrwed, p. 125, line 56, appa- GLOSSARY. 251 rently an error for gesyrwende, from gesyrwian, to lay snares, machinate, insidiari. Syru, III. 1. Gr. 95. ^ snare, ma- Syrwung, II. 3. J chination, wile. Syxtig, siocty. SySSan, after, afterwards, after that, then. fTa, for ])a, after a word ending in d or t. Tacen, tacn, III. 1. token, sign. Cetacnian, to betoken, signify. Getacnung, II. 3. signification, sign, type. Tsecan, pret. tsehte, to teach. Tiecung, II. 3. teaching. Tsegel, II. 2. tail. Get^\ (getel, getal). III. 1. tale, number, series. Teelan, to blame, insult, calumniate. fTaelen (tselan), to blame. Tsellen, for tellan. fl'ser, for J^aer, after a word ending in d or t. fTsergseness, for Jjsergseness, there- against. Tsesan, to tease, annoy, assault. fTahten (taehton), taught, showed; from tsecan. fTake on, to receive, treat. fTaken (tacn), token, miracle. fTakenn (tsecan), to take, receive. Tarn, tame. fTatt, for fatt, after a word ending in d or t. Getawian, to prepare. It. to beat, misuse. /tawode. See Getawian. to tame. fTe, for J>e, after a word ending in d, t, or ss. Teah. See Teon. Teald, told, said; from tellan. Tear, II. 2. tear. Ger. Zahre, Dan. Taar. Tegdon, apparently for tegan, i. q. tian, to tie, bind. fTeggre, their. fTeken (tacen), token, example. Getel. See Getsel. Tela, well! good! it is well! Ceteld, II. 1. tent, tabernacle. Ger. Zelt, Dan. Telt. Tellan, "1 pret. tealde, to tell, rc- G^etellan, J count, account, reckon. Temese, Thames. Temian, 1 Getemian, J TempeU ,jj J Tempi, J Teode. See Teon. Geteog, III. 1. stuff, matter, imple- ment, utensil. Ger. Gezeug, Dan. Toi. Geteohian, to resolve. Teolung, II. 3. tilling, culture. Teon, 3 tyhS, pret. teah, pi. tugon, to draw, go, and pret. teode, to produce, create ; teon forS, p. 30, line 13, for forS-teon. Teona, injury, injustice, wrong. Teo^a (se) (seo, fset), teo)>e, tenth. Teran, pret. tser, pp. toren, to tear., Gr. 229. Tices-well, Tichwell in Norfolk, near Hunstanton. Tictator, II. 2. dictator. Tid, II. 3. time, hour, tide, synaxis. Dan. Tid, Ger. Zeit. Gr. 84. Getigan. See Getigian. 252 GLOSSARY. Tige, II. 2. tie, efficacy. Tigel, II. 2. tile, brick, Ger. Zie- gel, Dan. Tegl. Getigged, ^/Vc?; from getian. Getigian, to tie. Tigris, tiger. Tihian, to resolve. Tihtan, to persuade, urge, seduce. Getihtan, to persuade, drive, insti- gate. Tilia, tiller, husbandman. Tilian, to till, prepare, get ; witli gen. Gr. 397. Getillan, to touch. Tilung, II. 3. tilling, culture. Tima, time, hour, season. Dan. Time. Timbiian, 1 ^^ ^^ -^^^ Gehmbnan, J Getimian, to befall, happen. Tin, II. 1. tin. /tinbred (sic MS.), for getimbrod. Getingnes, eloquence. Tintreg, torment. Tintreglic, infernal ; from tintreg, hell-torment. Getion, for geteon, i. q. teon. Tiot5, for teot5. Tir, II. 2? glory. Tirian, 1 to vex, provoke, exaspe- Tirigan, J rate. Ti6e, compos, in possession of. TiJ)ian, 1 to grant, allow, prse- Getip'mn, J stare ; gov. gen. To, too. Ger. Zu. To, to, at, from, in, as, for. Ger. Zu. Toberstan, pret. -baerst, pi. -bur- ston, to burst, break, be dashed in pieces. tTobetet(to-beate^), beateth; from beatan. Tobrsedan, pret. -braedde, pi. -braed, to spread. Tobrecan, pret. -brsec, pp. -brocen, to break. Tobredan, pret. brsed, to cast off (sleep). To-cyme, II. 3. coming, advent. Todselan, act. and neut., to deal, di- vide, share. Todal, division, distinction, differ- ence. fTodon, to divide. Todrefian, to scatter, expel. To^on, to fee from. See Fleon. Toforan, before. Toforan, p. 116, line 4 ab ult., though placed over the word * ap- ponuntur', is certainly the pre- position ; the verb settan, or one of like import, being v^^anting. Togsedre, together-, togsedre fon, to assemble. Togeanes, towards, to, against. To-gebindan, to bind to. See Bindan. To-gehyhtan, adjicere, p. 1 1 2, 1. 34. To-gelsedan, to bring to. To-gelecgan, to lay to, apply. See Lecgan. To-genydan, to force. To-ge]?eodan, to add, join. Toglidan, pret. -glad, pi. -glidon, to glide away. Tohtan, p. 137, line 18? Getohte, p. 124, line 14 ? To-irnan, to run to. See Yrnan. fTokenn, began, pi. T61, II. 3. tool, instrument. Tome, for tam. Tomearcian, to mark, number, di- stinguish, tax. GLOSSARY. 253 Tomearcodnes, numbering, taxing, census. Tomiddes, in the midst, amid. Torfian, to dart, hurl, shoot. Torhthc, J ^ Torhtmod, bright-minded. Torn, II. 2. anger. Ger. Zorn. Tosceotan, pret. -sceat, pi. -scuton, to flee. Toslitan, to rend, break. See Sli- tan. Tosloh, struck. See Slean. Tosomne, together. Toteran, 3 -tyrt5, pret. -tser, pp. -toren, to tear, rend. TotwEeman, 1 to divide, separate^ Totwsemian, J distinguish. Toweard, towerd, toward, to come, to be, futurus, -a, -um. Ger. zu werden. Towurpan, -weorpan, 3 -wyrpt5, pret. -wearp, pi. -wurpon, to destroy, cast down, put an end to. T6^, tooth; tofum ontynan, den- tibus aperire, utter ? To pon, so. To]7unden, swollen. To ])y ]78et, to the end that, eo quod. Trsef, II. 2. tent, pavilion. Trahtnere, II. 2. interpreter, ex- pounder. Trahtnian, to expound, interpret. Trahtnung, II. 3. exposition. Trendel, sphere, orb. Treow, III. 1. tree. Dan. Tre. Treow-cin, II. 1. tree species, kind of tree. Treowen, of tree, wooden, woody. fTreoweSe CtreoweS), trust eth ; from treowian. Getreowlice, truly, faithfully. Treow- wyrlita, tree- or wood- wright, i. e. carpenter. Treppe, 1.3? trap. fTrowwen (treowian), to trow, trust, confide. +TrowwJ) (treowS), troth, faith. fTrukeden (trucodon), failed, de- fecit ; from trucian. Trum, firm. Trmnai, cohort o/ 1100 men, turma. Trumuncg, II. 3. confirmation, cor- roboration. Truwa,/a^7A, trust, Truwian, 1 to trust, confide, rely Getruman, J on. Tiym, step ; perhaps an error for tryn. Dan. Trin. Trymian, ^ Getrymian, [to confirm, encour- Getrymman, | age, strengthen. Getrymmian, J Trymnes, exhortation. Tryw. See Treow. Getrywe, true, faithful. fTu, for J)u, after a word ending in d or t. Tucian, 1 to punish, torment ; to Getucian, J bysmere tucian, to tor- ment ignominiously . Tugon. See Teon. Tun, II. 2. town, enclosure. Ger. Zaun. Tunece, I. 3. tunic, coat, garment. Tunge, I. 3. tongue. Ger. Zunge, Dan. Tunge. Tun-gerefa, town-reeve, villicus. Tungol, tungel, III. 1. heavenly body, star. P. 95, line 17, tun- glon occurs in the plur. Tungol-witega, lit. star-prophet. 254. GLOSSARY. astrologer; from tungol, ^^a?-, and Avdtega, wise man, prophet. Turf, turf. Gr. 106. fTumenn, to turn. Turtle, I. 3. turtle-dove. fTuss, for ])us, after a word ending in d or t. Tuwa, twice. Twa, neut, and fem., two. Gr. 171. Twegen, masc, two. Gr. 171. Twelf, twelve. fTwemen (twaeman), to separate, divide. Twenti, twenty. Tweogan, pret. tweode, for twe- ogde, to doubt, hesitate. Tweon. See Twyn. Tweonung, II. 3. doubt. Tweowa, twice. Gr. 185. Twifeald, twofold, double. fTwigges (twywa), twice. Twy, two ; twy- winter, two years {old). Twycina, a place where two ways meet. Twylic, ambiguous, doubtful. Twyn, doubt. Twynian, to doubt. Tyan, to teach. Tydder, weak. Tyddrian, 1 to produce, bring Getyddrian, J forth, cherish, alere. Tyhtan, to excite, entice. Getsm, III. 1. team, yoke. Tyman, to team, beget, propagate. Tyn, ten. Tyncenum, p. 44, line 2 } [Tine ligo exponitur in Glossa interli- neari in Grammatica MS. Sma- ragdi. — DuCange.'] U. fUael, for wael. fUair (faeger),/az>. fUeht {ieoht), fight, imperat., from feohtan ? fVeisi]), departure. fUest (fsest),/«s?; on ueste, strong- ly, severely } Ufan, above, from above. Ufeweardan, upward, above. Uht-sang, II. 2. nocturns. fUinden (findan), to find. Umbe, for ymbe. Unablinnendlice, incessantly, un- . ceasingly. Unadwsescendlic, inextinguishable ; from adwsescan, to extinguish. Unalyfedlic, incredible. Unar, II. 3. dishonour, disgrace. Unasecgendlic, unspeakable, inef- fable. Unaswundenlice, actively, zealously. tUnbalded(unbealdod), become less bold, sunk in vigour. Unbefangenlic, incomprehensible ; from befon. Unbefohten, unassailed. Unbindan, to unbind. See Bindan. Unc, us two. Gr. 137. Unclsen, unclean. Uncnyttan, to untie, unknit. UncuS, unknown, belonging to an- other, alienus. Undeadlic, immortal. Undeop])ancol, not deeply thinking, superficial. Under, under, among. Ger. unter. Underbsec, behind, backward. Underbeginnan, pret. -gan, pi. -gunnon, to begin, undertake. GLOSSARY. 255 Underdelfan, 3 -dylf, pret. -dealf, pi. -dulfon, to delve under, under- mine. Underf eng, «55M7nec/. SeeUnderfon. Underfon, to receive, accept. See Fon. Undergytan, pret. -geat, to under- stand, perceive. Under-kyng, II. 2. under-king, tri- butary king. Underlecgan, '^0 underlay, support, prop. See Lecgan. Undern, II. 2. the third hour, i. e. 9 o'clock A.M. UndernseSen, underneath. Undern-tid, II. 3. tertia. See Un- dern. Understandan, to understand. See Standan. Under wreSian, to support, sustain. Underpeod, addicted, prone, deditus, subject, suffragan. Under]?eodan, to resign, addict, sub- ject. Underfeow, II. 2. subject. Undon, to undo. See Don. fUndonc (un))anc) , ingratitude ; unj»ancunnan, to feel ungrateful, owe a grudge. Ger. Undank. Unearh, intrepid ; from earh, fugi- tive, cowardly. Unea'Se, uneasy, vexed. Also, adv. difficultly, vix. UneaSelice, with pain, difficultly. UnforcuS, honest, open, undaunted. Unforht, fearless. Unforhtigende, fearless. Unforsceawodlice, unawares. Unforsmolsnod, uncor?'upted ; pro- bably an error forunformolsnod, from formolsnian, to corrupt. Ungedefe, improper, unfitting, evil; from, gedefe, tranquil, conveni- ent, 8^c. Ungefotlic, impassable on foot. Ungefrseglice, extraordinarily, in an unheard-of manner. Ungebirsum, disobedient. Ger. un- . gehorsam. Ungelsered, unlearned, ignorant. UngeleafFul, unbelieving. Ungelimp, II. I. misfortune, mishap. Ungelyfedlic, incredible. Ungemsetlic, immeasurable, vast ; ungemetlice, immeasurably, ex- ceedingly. Ungemyndig, unmindful. Ungesewenlic, invisible. Unge]>Wc)ernes, dissension. Unhal, unhale, sick. Unheh, not high. Unlsed, wicked, improbus, perditus. Unlucan, pret. -leac, pi. -lucon, to unlock, open. Unlyfigende, lifeless. Unmihtig, unmighty, weak. Unmyltsiendlic, undeserving of com- passion. Geunnan, 1 pres. ic -an, pl.-unnon, pret. -u6e, to give, grant, with gen. Gr. p. 79. fUnnitt (unnyt), useless; on un- nitt, unprofitably, idly. Unorne, vigorous, bold} fUnraS (unrsed), evil counsel, im- prudence, dementia. Unriht, II. 1. unrighteous, wrong ; onunriht, unjustly, wrongly. Unriht, wrong, evil. Unrihtlic, unjust, wrong. Unrihtwisnis, unrighteousness. Unrot, sad. . 256 GLOSSARY. Unrotnys, sorrow, sadness. Geunrotsian, to sadden, cast down. Unsselig, unhappy, unblessed, in- felix. UnscaetSSig, harmless, innocent. Unseen]), unharnesses ; should pro- bably be unscerS, from an un- recorded verb, unscerran. Ger. ausschirren. {Suggested hy Mr. R. Taylor.) UnsceSignys, innocence. Unscrydan, to undress, unfrock. Unscyldig, innocent. Ger. un- schuldig. UnsiS, II. 2. mishap, misfortune, unfortunate expedition. Unsofte, unsoftly, severely, rigour- ously. UnstaSelfsestnes, instability, un- steadiness, inconstancy. Unstill, unstill, restless. Unswseslic, unpleasant. Unsyfer, unsober. Untigean, to untie. UntodEeledlic, indivisible ; untodse- ledlice, indivisibly. Untrum, infirm, sick. Untrumnys, weakness, infirmity. Gr. 82. Untweonlice, untweolice, undoubt- edly. Untynan, to open. Unwaclice, boldly. Unweaxen, unwaxen, not full grown. Unweder, III. 1 ? bad weather, storm. Ger. Ungewitter, Dan. Uveir. Unwemme, immaculately. Unwisdom, imprudence, folly. Unwittig, witless, ignorant. fUnwourtJ (unweorS), unworthy, of little value. Unwritere, II. 2. had or false writer, pseudographus. Un])aeslic, indecent, unfitting, un- Un])eaw, II. 2. evil habit, vice. Up, up ; ))a up, those above. Up-abr^dan, pret. -brsed, pi. -bru- don, pp. -broden, to pull or snatch up. Gr. 242. Up-ahebban, 3 -hefS, pret. -hof, to raise, lift up. Up-aspringan, pret. -asprang, pi. -asprungon, to spring up. Up-astignes, ascension. Up-ateon, to draw up. See Teon. fUpbrac (up-abrsec), brake forth; from brecan. Up-flore, I. 3. upper floor. Upforleetan, to divide, distribute (a river into several streams or branches) . Upgangan, to go up. See Gangan. Up-heofon, 11. 2. high heaven. Uplic (upplic), on high, supernus. Uppcund, well known, notus, — Lye. Uppon, upon, against. Upriht, upright, erect. Upstig, II. 3. ascension. Up-stigan, to ascend. See Stigan. Upweardj upward. Ure, our. Gr. 137. Urig, hoary ? Urnon. See Yman. Ut, out. Ut-adrifan, to drive out. SeeDrifan. Utdragan, to drag out. Ute, out, without. Utferari, to go out. See Feran. Uton, without, beyond. GLOSSARY. 257 Ut-gan, to go out. See Gan. Utgong, II. 2. exit, departure. Utlag, II. 2. outlaw. Uton, utun, let us. Gr. 415. fVuel (yfel), evil. Uultor, II. 2. vulture. Geu^e. See Geunnan. U6uta, uSwita, scribe, philosopher, sapiens. -W. Wa, vfoe. Wac, weak, slender, humble, vile. Wacel, wacol, watchful. Wacian, to watch, be weak, faint, flinch. Wadan, pret. wod, to wade, go. Waeccende, wsecende, watching ; from waecan. Gewsed, III. 1. weed, clothing. Gr. 93, 94. Wxdlai, poor. Gr. 121. Waedlian, to become poor. Wseg, wey (a weight so called). Wsegan, pret. weg, to bear, carry. Wsege, I. 3. balance. Ger. Wage. Wsel, II. 1 ? slaughter, death. Waela. See Wela. Zwseld, for gewealden. See Ge- wyldan. Waelegian, to enrich. Wsel-gifre, greedy of slaughter » Wsel-hreow, cruel, /erce; waelreow- lice, cruelly, horribly. Wsel-reownes, cruelty, ferocity. Wael-rest, II. 3. slaughter-bed. Wsel-scel, II. 3. shell of slaughter, a compact band of soldiers, pro- tected with shields, (testudo) ; as p. 140, line 46-49. Cirdon cyne- rofe. wiggend on wiSertrod. wael- scel on innan. reocende hraew. The valiant returned, the warriors, on their footsteps, the shell of slaughter, among the reeking corpses. Wsel-spere, III. 1. death-spear. Wsel-stow, II. 3. slaughter-place, field of battle. Wsel- (i. e. wel-)willendness, bene- volence. Weel-wulf, II. 2. wolf of slaughter. WselwurtSian, to highly venerate. Wsemm, corner. Gewsemmodlice, corruptly, impurely. Weendon. See Wenan. fWaenen, p. 160, line 2 ; probably an error for wseuen, woe (wawa). Waepen, III. 1. weapon. Waepned, 1 jjj ^ ^^,^ Waepned-man, J Wser, wary, cautious, provident. Waere. See Wesan. Waerham, Wareham. Weerlice, warily. Wser-loga, belier or breaker of his compact, one void of faith. fWserS (wra6), wrath. Waesten, for weston, laid waste. Waestm, II. 2. fruit, form. Wsestmbaemys, fruitfulness, Wsestmbaere, fruitful. Waeter, III. 1. water. Gr. 89. Waeterian, to water. Wsetlinga Strset, II. 3. Watling Street, leading from Dover to Cardigan. Wagian, to wag, shake, move to and fro. Wah, wag, II. 2. wall. fWakede (wacode), grew weak; from wacian. Wald, II. 2. weald, wood, forest. Walde, for wolde. 258 GLOSSARY. Waldend, II. 2. rulet\ Gr. 118. tWaldinge, for waldend. Walsinga-ham, Walsingham, in Norfolk. Wan, won, dark, dusky, swarthy. Wandian, to fear, blench. Wang. See Wong. Wiinian, to wane, v. a. to diminish, V. n. to decrease. Wansit5, II. 2. misfortune. fWarchen (wraecce), exile. f/ward. See IwarSe. Warnian, to beware, take heed. f/warSe (gewearS), was, became ; from geweorSan. Wast. See Witan. Water, for waeter. Gewaterian. See Waterian. Waxgeom, voracious, edax. Wea-gesiS, II. 2. associate in wick- edness. Geweald, II. 2. power. Wealdan, 1 3 wylt, pret. weold, Gewealdan, J to wield, govern, sway, have in power. Weal-gat, III. 1. wall- or rampart- gate. Weall, II. 2. wall, rampart. Ger. Wall, Dan. Void. Weallinga-ford, Wallingford. Weard, II. 2. warden, guardian. Weard, II. 3. ward, guard. Weard, towards. Wearg, II. 2. wretch, villain. Wearm, warm. Weaxan, 3 wyxS, pret. weox, to wax, grow. Gr. 234. Weder, II. 1? weather, tempest. Ger. Wetter. Wedewe. See Widewe. Wefod, i. q. weofod. Weg, II. 2. way. Ger. Weg. Wegan, pret. waeg, to bear, carry. Wegferend, II. 2. wayfaring. Gr. 118. Weg-nest,"l II. 3. viaticum. See Weg-nyst, J Nest. Wei la wei ! alas ! Wei, well, almost ; wel gehwaer, for the most part, pene ubique. Wela, weal, prosperity; in plur. riches. tWelden (wealden), governed. Weler, II. 2. lip. Gewelgian, to enrich. Welig (weleg), rich, flourishing, bountiful. Welinga-ford, Wallingford. Wenan, to ween, think, expect. Wendan, T 3 went, to wend, go, Gewendan, J turn, return. Gr.207. Wende. See Wenan. Wendel-sse, II. 2. & II. 3. the Me- diterranean. Gewenian, to wean, seduce, incline. fWennd, turned, translated. Weofod, III. 1. altar. W^eop. See Wepan. ^ ' > II. 1. work. Creweorc, J Weorcan, 1 pret.worhte, to work, Geweorcan, J make, do. Weorpan, 3 wyrp^, pret. wearp, pi. w^urpon, to throw, cast. Weoriild-gebyrdu, III. 3. worldly birth. Weor]?an, 3 p. hewjnrS, pret.wearS, pi. wurdon, to become, be, hap- pen. Gr. 245. GcweorSan, gewyrSan, (v. impers. with ace. of pers.), to agree, set- tle, to seem good or fitting, to be agreed. Weor^e, worthy. GLOSSARY. 259 Weor^fullice, worthily. Geweorjjian, to honour, dignify. Weor^mynt, II. 3. dignity, autho- rity, glory. WeorJ?ung, II. 3. honour, glory. Wepan,pret.we6p,^oweep. Gr.234. Wepnse, for wsepnu. Wepnian, to arm. Wer, II. 2. man, husband. Lat. vir. Werhad, II. 2. manhood, male. Werian, to defend. Werig, weary. Werig-ferh^, weary of life. Werod, II. 1. host, army ; p. 93, line 6, werod is feminine. Werod, sweet. fWerri, to war, waste. Wer^, weor^, worth. fWer^ede (wra^ode), irritated, tor- mented ; from wraSian. Wesan, com, eart, is (ys), imperf. W8es, &c., subj. beo, wsere, to be. Gr. 233. Ger. wesen. Westan, to lay waste. Westan,/rom the west. Gr. 339. Weste, waste, desert, barren. Westen, III. 1. waste, desert. Western, western. Westweard, westward. Wexan. See Weaxan, Gewexen, geweaxen, waxen, grown. We'Ser, II. 2. wether. fWhase, whoso. fWhulchere (hwylc), which. Wiarald, for woruld. Wic, II. 1. dwelling, convent. Wicg, II. 1. horse. Wician, to abide, take up quarters, hospitari. Wicing, II. 2. viking , pirate . Wicnere, II. 2. steward. Wic-stow, II. 3. place for a camp. Wid, wide, broad; wide, widely, far. Widewe, I. 3. widow. Widl, filth, pollution. Widmsersian, 1 to celebrate, make Gewidmsersian, J known. Wif, II. 1. wife, woman. Wifhad, II. 2. womanhood, female, Wifian, to wive, marry. Wifman, III. 2. woman. Wig, II. 1.'' war, warfare, battle. Isl. Vig, csedes. Wiga, warrior. Wig-bed, II. 1. altar ; from wig, temple, and bed, table ; whence possibly, by contraction, the word wefod. Wiggend, II. 2. warrior. Gr. 118. Wig-heard, bold in war. Wig-hiis, II. 1. tower. Wig-plega, war-play, battle. Wi-haga, wig-haga, I. 2. war or battle hay, a compact body pro- tected by shields, perhaps synon. with wsel-scel. Wiht, aught. Wiht-land, Isle of Wight. Gewildan. See Wealdan. Wild-deor, II. 1. wild-beast. WiUa, will. fWille, p. 158, line 26, apparently an error for mile. Wilnian, Gewilnian, Willsumnes, devotion. Willung, II. 3. will. Wilrincga-wer^, Worlingworth, in Suffolk, between Hoxne and Fram- lingham. Wimman, III. 2. woman ; for wifman. Win, II. I. wine. Win-bog, II. 2. vine-bough. S 2 J to will, desire. 2G0 GLOSSARY. Winceaster, Winchester. Wind, II. 2. whid. Windan, ") pret. wand, pi. wun- Gewindan, / don, to tvind, roll, revolve, whirl, brandish, sur- round, to come forth with a wind- ing motion. Wine, II. 2. friend, comrade. Isl. Vinr, Dan. Ven. Wine-drihten, II. 2. beloved chief. Win-eard, 1 vineyard. Dan. Win-geard, II. 2. J Vingaard. Win-gedrinc, II. 2. wine- drinking, symposium. Winlic, wine-like, resembling wine. fWinn, possession, wine, gain} G^ewinn, III. 1 . war, struggle, labour. Winnan, pret. wann, pi. wunnon, to win, war. tWinne, gain, possession. Win-sad, satiated with wine. Winter, III. 2. winter. Gr. 98. N.B. The Anglo-Saxons and other northern nations reckoned by winters instead of years. Winter- selt, winter-station, winter- quarters. Win-treow, III. 1. vine. Wircean. See Wyrcian. Wire, Wear. Wilt. See Wyit. tWirtti, forty. P. 158, line 14, apparently an error for firtti. Wis, wise. Gewis, certain, conscious. Ger. gewiss. Wisa, wise man, sapiens. Also, wit- ness. Wiscan, to wish. Wisdom, wisdom. Wise, I. 3. wise, manner, thing, business, negotium. f/wise (gewis), to iwise, to wit. Wi slice, wisely. Gewislice, surely, certainly. Wissian, to teach, show, direct, point out. Wist, II. 3, meal, repast, food. fWit (wiS), against, with. Gewit, III. 1. wit, sense, intellect. Wita, wise man, counsellor, chief of the state. Gewita., witness. Witan, ic wat, pi. witon, pret. wiste, to know. Gr. 218. Gewitaxi, pret. -wat, pi. -witon, to go, depart, retire. Wite, III. 1. punishment, plague, torment. Witega, prophet, wise man. Witegestre, I. 3. prophetess. Gr. 296. Witegung, II. 3. prophecy, divina- tion. fWitelest, most witless, most artless. Gewitenes, witness, testimony, de- parture, death. fWitenn (witan), to know. fWiterrlig, certain. Witleast, II. 3. folly. Gewit-loca, mind. Gewitaes, witness. Witnian; to punish, torment. Witodlice, verily, for, vero, autem, profecto. fWitt, we two. G^ewittig, sensible, rational. Wis, against, towards, with, along, for, in exchange for ; as, beagas wi6 gebeorge, in exchange for safety. WiSseftan, behind. WiScweSan, to speak against. See CweSan. GLOSSARY. 261 Wi])erlean, II. 1. retribution^ re- ward. WiSertrod, return, retreat. WiSerweard, adverse. Wij>erwinna, adversary ; from wi- J?er, against, and winnan, to war, strive. Wi6-geondan, about, throughout, WiSinnan, within. Wi^metan, to compare, to be like, equal. Gr. 205. WiSsacan, pret. wiSsoc, to deny. Gr. 237. WiSstandan, to withstand, oppose. See Standan. Wifutan, without. Wlsette, nausea. Wlanc, proud, lofty, grand. Wlit?m, pret. wlat, pi. wliton, to look, see. Wlite, II. 2. form, beauty. fWliten (wlitan), to behold. Wlitig, fair, beautiful. Wlitigian, to form, beautify. Wo, woh, curve, bending ; to woge bringan, to lead astray. Wod, wood, or wode, mad, possessed. fWodeloker, more woodly or fer- vently ; from wod, mad, raging. Wodnys, madness, insanity. Woh. See Wo. Wolcen, III. 1. welkin, cloud. Gr. 89. Ger.Wolken. Wom, II. 2. stain, spot. Womfull, sinful, defiled. Wong, wang, II. 2. field, plain. tWonien (wunian), to dwell. Wop, II. 2. whoop, weeping, cry. Gr. 298. Word, II. I. word, commandment. tWor3 and Wor]?, worth. Worms, II. 2? corrupt matter, pus. Worn, number, multitude, body. Woruld, II. 3. world. Gr. 84. Woruld-buende, world-dwelling, in- habitant of earth. Gr. 118. Woruld-crseft, II. 2. worldly craft. Woruld-gebyrd, II. 3. worldly birth. Woruld-gesaelig, rich in worldly , possessions. Woruldhad, II. 2. secular state or condition. Woruld-nyt, worldly or temporal use. Wos, II. 1. oose, juice. fWouh (woh), error, wrong. Wrace, p. 79, line 17, apparently the same as wracu. Wracian, to be in exile. Wracu, III. 3. vengeance. Wraec, II. 3. exile. WrseS, II. 3. wrath. GewraSian, to anger. Wrec, wretched, exile. Wrecan, 1 pret. wraec, pp. -wre- Gewrecan, J cen, to avenge, pu- nish. Gr. 229. fWrecche, wretch. Wrecend, II. 2. avenger. Gr. 118. Wregan, to accuse. Wrehton, for rehton. See Reccan. Gewringan, pret. -wrang, pi. -wrungon, to wring. Writ, 1 III. 1. writ, writing, let- Gewrit, J ter. Writan, pret. wrat, pi. writon, to write. Writere, II. 2. writer, scribe. Wrixendlice, in turn, reciprocally. GewriSan, pret. -wraS, pi. -wriSon, to bind. Gr. 248. Writ5ian, to bud, fructify . /wroht, for gewroht. Wuce, I. 3. iveek. Ger. Woche, Dan. Uge. 262 GLOSSARY. fWuder (hwider), ivhither. Wudu, III. 2. trood, forest. Wudu-hunig, II. 1? ivild honey. Wuduwe, I. 3. widow. Wulder, wuldor, II. 2. glory. Wulderful, glorious. Wulder-blaed, II, 3. glorious fruit, or reward. Wuldor-faeder, glorious father. Wuldrian, to glorify. Wule, for wile. Wulf, II. 2. wolf. Gewi'ma, aistom, wont. Wund, II. 3. wound, sore. Wund, wounded. Ger. wund. Wunden-locc, wounden-lock, with plaited hair. Gewundian, to wound. Wundor, III. 1. wonder, miracle. Gr. 93. Wundorlic, wonderful, wondrous; wunderlice, wonderfully. Wundrian, to wonder, admire; sometimes gov. gen. Wundrung, II. 3. astonishment, wonder. Wune, wuna, wont, practice, cus- tom. Gewunelic, T r , T > usual, customary. iwunelic, J ' Wimian, to dwell, rest, stay, con- tinue. Gewunian, to he wont. Ger. ge- wohnen. fWunliche (wynlice), agreeably, delightfully. fWunn (wyn), joy, pleasure. Wimung, II. 3. dwelling. Ger. Wohnung. WurcaeS, for \\7Tca6. Wurmes, for wyrmas, or wurmas. Wurpan, i. q. weorpan. Wurtnlma, root. WurSful, worthy, venerable, ho- nourable. f/wurj^i (geweor]>ian), to honour, revere. WurSian, weort5ian, to honour, re- vere. WurSlice, worthily. WurSmynt. See WeorSmynt. Wurt$scipe, worship, dignity, pomp. Wutum, for uton. Wydewa, widower ; also corruptly for wydewe, widow. Gewyldan, 3 -wylt, pret. -weold, pp. -wealden, to rule, sway, re- strain, subjugate. Wylla. SeeWilla. Wyllan, pret. wolde, to will. Lat. veUe. Gr. 217. Wyllan, pret. weoU, to boil. Wjlm, II. 2. heat, fervour. Wylsumnes, devotion. Wjn, 11.3} joy, pleasure, delight. Ger. Wonne. Wynsum, winsome, pleasant, sweet. Wynsumnys, winsomeness, plea- santness, sweetness. Wyrcian, 1 pret. worhte, to work, Gewyrcan, J make, produce, do, con- struct, dare operam. Wyrd, II. Z.fate. Gewjvht, III. 1. deed, desert; bu- ton gewyrhtum, undeservedly . Wyrhta, wright, artificer. Wyrian (wyrgan, wyrigan), to curse. Wyrm, II. 2. worm, serpent. Wyrms, II. 2 ? putrefaction, cor- ruption, pus. Wyrm-sele, II. 2. hall of serpents. Wyrnan, to warn, deny, refuse, parry, guard. GLOSSARY. 263 Wyrpan, weorpan, pret. wearp, pi. wurpon, to cast, throw. Wyrse, worse. Gr. 51. Wyrst, worst, sup, of yfel. Gr. 51 . Wyrt, II. 3. wort, herb, plant. Dan. Urt. Wyrtgemanc, III. 1. mixture of herbs, perfume. Gr. 94. WyrSe, worthy. Gewyslice, certainly. WyxS. See-Weaxan. Y. Yean, to eke, increase. Ydel, idle, vain, useless i on idel, vainly, fhistra. Yfel, III. 1. evil. Yf^le, evilly, badly. YM-hsshhende, afflicted. Gr. 118. Yfelnes, evil. Yfemest, uppermost, highest. Gr. 5 1 . Yl. Seelgl. Ylc, same. Yld, i. q. yldo. Yldest, eldest, sup. of eald. Gr. 51. Ylding, II. 3. delay. Yldo, yldu. III. 3. age. Yip, II. 2. elephant ; ylpes ban, ivory. Ger. Elfenbein. Ylpen-baenen, of ivory, eburneus. Ymbe, about, after, according to. Ymbgang, II. 2. circuit. Ymbhwyrft, II. 2. circumference, orbit, rotation, world; on ymb- hwyrfte, around. Ymbryne, II. 2. circuit, course, re- volution. Ymbscinan, 1 to shine about or a- Ymbscynan, J round. See Scinan. Ymbscrydan, to clothe about, enve- lope. Ymbsprecan, to speak about. See Sprecan. Ymbtrymian, to surround, fortify . Ymbutan, about, circiter. This word is frequently divided per tmesin, as, ymb hancred utan. Yncfl, II. 2} inch. Yppan, to disclose. Yrfe, II. 2} inheritance. Yrfenuma, heir. YrmS, III. 1. misery, distress. Yraan, pret. arn, pi. uraon, to run. Gr. 242. Yrre, II. 2. ire, anger. Yrre, angry. Yr^, II. 3. produce, seges. Yrt51ing, II. 2. husbandman, plough- man. Ys. See Wesan. Ysen, II. 1. iron. Ysle, ash. Ytemest, superl. of ut, last, utter- most, utmost. Gr. 51. Ytst. See Etan. Y5, II. 3. wave, flood. pa, when, then, as. Ger. da. psec, II. I. thatch, covering. paen (feng). See pegn. psene, for J)one, ace, the, that. Gr. 147. paenne, then, when, yet. paer, there, where. psere, fern., the, that. Gr. 146. paerinne, therein. paermid, therewith. pserrihte, forthwith, instantly, just. pserto, thereto, thereof, besides; faerto eacen, thereto besides. paer-ufon-on, thereupon, thereover. pses, for this, therefore, after ; paes 264 GLOSSARY. for, therefore, on that account ; to ]>3es, to that degree, so, adeo ; )>3es ]>e, because that, eo quod, propterea quod. paet, neut., the, that. Ger. das. Gr. 146. paet, that, ut, so that. Ger. dass. paette, for faet ]>e. Gr. 149. pafian, "1 to consent, approve, al- Gejjafian, / low. page, i. q. ]?a. tpaht ())oht),?AoM^y^f; from fencan. pane, II. 2. thank. Ge]>s.nc, II. 2. thought, mind, thanks. pances, gratis, gratia; drihtnes fances, Dei gratia vel causa. pancian, "I to thank ; with dat. GeJ)ancian, / of pers. and gen. of thing. pancol-mod, grateful-minded ; per- haps better, ]>ancol-m6de, thank- ful in mind. pancung, II. 3. thanking, gratia- rum actio. Gepang, gejjwang, II. 2. thong, sinew. panon, thence. panonne, thence. par, i. q. Ips&r. parin, therein. paron, thereon. pe, for se. Gr. p. 51. Also, thee. pe, who, which, that. Gr. 154. pe, or. See HwseJ^er . . . fe. pe, for forpon J>e, p. 131, Hne 11. pe, p. 126, line 49, apparently an error for fset or ]?eah. pe . . . ]>e, in interrogative sen- tences, is used like the Latin an: see p. 11, v. 30. peah. See peon. peah, though, yet, still, however. peah-hwiepere, yet, nevertheless. Ge]?eaht, III. 1. council, counsel. Oe])eahta, counsellor, adviser. Gepeahtynd, -tend, II. 2. counsel- lor, adviser. Gr. 118. pearf, II. 3. need; to J^earfe, in need. pearfa, poor, needy. pearfan, pret. J?orfte, to need. Gr. 218. pearfleas, needless ; fearflease, need- lessly. pearle, very, exceedingly, too much. pearlmod, bold, strenuous. peaw, II. 2. thew, custom, rite, in pi. manners. peawlice, decently, obediently. tped ()?eod), people. pegen, II. 2. thane, servant, mi- nister. pegenlic, thanelike, in a manner be- coming a faithful follower. tpegg, they. tpeggm (J)8em), them. tpeggre, their. pegon. See picgan. tpe.3et (fa gyt), yet, still. pe Ises, lest ; J?e Ises fe, lest that. pencan, pret. pohte, to think, de- vise. Gr. 214. Ge])encan, pret. -fohte, to think. penden, while. penian, to serve, minister. penne, then, when. GeJ)ensum, serviceable, officious. penung, II. 3. service. penung, II. 3. repast, coena. peo, for seo. tpeo, J?o (J)a), then. peod, II. 3. people, nation; ]?eoda folc, nation. Gejjeod, language, tongue. Gefeodan, to join, associate,. enjoin. GLOSSARY. 265 peoden, II. 2. lord, chief, king ; formed from J^eod, people, analo- gously with drihten, from driht. peod-guma,»ifl!w of the nations, man. Gefeodnes, association, desire, peodscipe, people, nation, discipline. peof, II. 2. thief. peon, 1 3 J?yhS, pret. ]jeah, pi. GeJ^eon, J )>ugon, to thrive, grow, flourish. Gr. 250. peonan, for jTonan. peos, she, this, fern. Gr. 146. peostru, i. q. J^ystru. peotan, 3 J)yt, pret. ]?eat, pi. puton, to howl. Gr. 250. peow, II. 2. 1 servant; also II. 3. /e- peowa, 1.2./ male servant. Gr. 74. peowdom, II. 2. service, worship. peowe, I. 3. '\feviale servant, dm- peowen, II. 3. J cilia, peowian, to serve, minister. per-inne, therein. pes, masc, this. Gr. 146. peudom. See peowdom. pic, thick. picgan, pret. feg, to take, partake, taste. GeJjiliS, meaning doubtful; perhaps an error of the press, or of tran- scription. pi laes, lest. pin, thy, thine. Gr. 137. pincan, pret. ]7uhte, to seem. Ge\md6, II. 3? honour, dignity, merit, excellence. pinen, II. Z. female servant, ancilla. ping, II. 1. thing ; for his ))ingum, on his account. pingian, to pray, intercede. pingrseden, II. 3. intercession. piod, i. q. J)eod. piostro, for })ystru. pire, for finre. tpimgen (pringan), to throng, press. piwen, II. d. female servant, SinciWa.. Ge])oht, II. 2. thought, council, ma- chination. Ge\oh.t, pp. of gej?encan. polemod, patient. tpolenn, for ))olian. polian, 1 to suffer, endure. Dan. Ge]?61ian, / taale, Isl. fola. polmod. See polemod. pon, for fam ; to ]7on J^set, in order that, and similar phrases. GeJ)onc, II. 2. thought. poncol, thoughtful, meditative. ponc-wyr6e, thankworthy. pone, ace. masc, Am, that. Gr.l46. ponne, then, than, when, hut. pononweard, thenceward. porfte. See pearfan. poterung, II. 3. wail, lamentation. prsel, II. 2. thrall, slave. prafung, II. 3. hlame, reproof. prah, J?rag, II. 3. time, space of time. Gcprang, throng, press. preagan, ]>rean, 1 pret. J^reade, to Gefreagan, J vex, torment, punish, blame, reproach. preat, II. 2. company, band. pred, thread. preottyne, thirteen. pre-refre, trireme. pri, three. pringan, pret. J>rang, pi. J>rungon, to throng, press, crowd. prinnys. See pryunys. prio, J)reo, three. priste, daring, bold. Gefristian, to dare. prittig, thirty. priwa, thrice. Gr. 185. proc, III. 1. table. 266 GLOSSARY. prowung, II. 3. suffering, passion. pry, three. pryccan, to tr^ad on, oppress. prj'^feald, threefold, triple. prym, II. 2. glory, magnificence, grandeur. Also, body {of men), turma, heap, congeries, prymful, glorious. prymlic, grand, magnificent. prj'-m-setl, III. 1. seat of majesty, throne. prynes, "| C. > trinity. prynnys, J ^ pryste, daring, hold. pufe, II. 2. standard, Tufa. Ge|)uge, from ge\e6n. /puht, for ge])uht. puhte. See pincan. /])uncgeii, for gefungen. Gejjungen, ripe, advanced, profec- tus. Also, illustrious, upright, religious. purh, through, by. Ger. durch. purhbrucan, to enjoy, perfrui. See Brucan. purhdon, to penetrate; Jjurhdyd, penetrated. See Don. purhfaran, to pass through, pierce. See Faran. tpurhlokenn, to look through. tpurhsekenn, to seek through. purhwadan, pret. -wod, to pass through, penetrate. purhwunian, to continue, persist, permaneo. pus, thus. pusend, thousand. Ger. Tausend, Dan. Tusind. Gr. 177. pusend-hiw, assuming a thousand shapes, milleformis. pusend-mselum, by thousands. puton. See peotan. Ge]?wserian, to agree. pwaerleecan, pret. laehte, to consent. Ge]>w8ernes, concord, consent} pwang, II. 2. thong. tpwerrt, thwart. Also, entirely, quite; as, ]?werrt ut, quite out. Dan. tvert, used in the same sense, py, for, because, therefore, nam. , Dan. thi. pyder, thither. pyfel, II. 2. shrub. pylc, the like. Gejjyld, II. 3 ? patience. Ger. Ge- duld. pyllic, the like, such. pyncan, pret. puhte, to seem. pyrfan, to need, have occasion for, may. Ger. diirfen. pyrfen. See pearfan. pyrl. III. 1. hole. pyrscel-flor, II. 3. threshing -floor ; from ]}yrscel, threshold. pyrstan, to thirst. pys, this.. pyslic, such. pyster, dark. pystru, Jjystro, III. 1. darkness. Gr. 92.' pywan, to drive, urge. *^* The letter 3 was probably pronounced as gh, afterwards softened into y. Words beginning with the prefix ge are placed in the order of their roots. NOTANDA ET CORRIGENDA. Page 17 20 26 31 32 33 34 35 line 4, for cumende grammatical correctness requires cumendne — 6, /or ]>wanga readJ ]?wangas — 26, for gesceafte read rather gesceafta — 3, for ad read and — 9, for seo read se — 5, for fulfremedre read fulfremedra — 31, a full stop after hsefde — 2, jje he on bi^ : the text here seems faulty. — 15, /or j^ine grammatical accuracy requires Jjin, and strengj^e for strengjju — \7 , for minne grammatical accuracy requires mine — '31, for deofol the construction requires the gen. deofles I ~9s' r f^''' getyme in both places should correctly be getymu — ■ 7, donde a not unusual late corruption for donne — 11, forts seems an error or corruption for for — 15, agann seems an error or corruption for angan or ongan — 24, for seo read se — 3, read cwen het — 14, for forda reac? forde — 27, dyde should be dydon in the plural. — 26, insert a hyphen between bisceop and jjenunge — II, for blode read blodes — 15, /or intinga read intingan — 19, for ]>a. bus read J'aet hiis — 28, the sense in the Corpus Christi MS. is here imperfect, and re- quires (as in the common reading) the insertion of the words in swinsunge between and and leotS-songes 3, for J7a read J^set 29, gessegd seems to be an error for gesegen or gesewen, 'seen'. 29, read be him 32, hwaetene should be hwsetenne, being of the masculine gender. smedma in jElfric. 25, swet in the comp. here occurs with the indef. inflection for swettran. 3, faegerlice is evidently an error for faerlice 11, to medes, apparently a northern idiom. See Bask, 108 and 407. 2, gecorene should grammatically be gecorenne 1 — 9, This passage may, perhaps, be thus corrected : 1 . for lice read lie : 2. before hireman insert the pron. hire, which has probably been omitted through its resemblance to the beginning of the following word. 88, — 20, Sum wydewa, &c. Cutting the hair and nails of dead saints seems about this time to have been no unusual practice among the bigots, even in Norvvray ; for we are informed by Snorre, that King Harald Haardraade, just before his expedition to England, opened the shrine of his predecessor St. Olaf, and having clipped his nails and hair, locked up the shrine and cast the key into the river. — See Sagabiblio- thek, vol. iii. p. 456. 94, — 10, 11, iserne the adj. is evidently used incorrectly for isene. 98, — 28, for annes read anes 99, — 30, for fugel-cynn read fugel-cynna 57, 58, 61, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81, 83, 268 NOTANDA ET CORRIGENDA. Page 105, line 21, /or cync grammatical accuracy requires cynce or cynge 113, — 17, for isenne read iserne 114, — 11, dele [>aet] 119* — 16. dele comma after friond 122, — 9, /or ...ulde read (h)ilde — , — 63, for serge geman read aer geseman ' 123, — 17, read fyl genarae, which may perhaps be rendered 'received his death strolce'. — , — 36, /or forda rearf forde — , — 46, 47, divide thus : ongunnon lytegian j^a la$e gystas ; 126, — 18, dele comma after ic ■ 128, — 43, read darot5^ acwehte 133, — 55, 56. These lines may, as they now stand, be thus rendered : It is grievous to me now my heart is inflamed ; but I have no doubt that the second ' ys ' is redundant, by the suppression of which the sense becomes manifest. 136, — 5, dele hyphen in tir-gifetJe 138, — '2, for strymdon read styrmdon 139, — 20, /or af^oncan read, perhaps, af^oncas : the sense of lines 15—20 will then be, they fought stoutly with hard war-weapons, with the hilt aveng'd their strifes of old, with glittering swords, all their grievances. 140, — 15, /or hyrsta we should read hyrste 143, — 14, insert full stop after clepiatf and cleopie)* — , — 15, dele full stop after dawen and daige 144, — 17, the word and seems redundant and subversive of the sense. 153, — 14, fofSe is evidently a mistake for for^e 158, — 26, wille and wolle are evidently mistakes for nylle and nolle 159, — 22, wuden apparently an error for wunede. IN GLOSSARY. ^rende is, I believe, always neuter of the form III. 1. -^stanbrok is probably the stream now called East brook, being on the east side of the town, and which now runs into the moat of Hunstanton Hall. — R. T. Bin is II. 3. Bold is neuter, I believe, II. 1. - firerd is II. 2. Cwic-beam is the juniper, which, as I am informed, is still called quickbeam in some parts of England. For fat-sylre read fatfylre. Fsetfellere Lye explains by abatis, an officer whose post was to distribute provender (see DuCange) ; but I am unable to ex- plain the passage at p. 118, 1. 24. Heoru is to be inserted in its place ; it seems a sort of intensiiive prefix, like hea]?o. Mear, ' a horse*, to be inserted. — See Mr. Kembles Beowulf, p. 240. Printed by Richard Taylor, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. PROSPECTUS OF A SERIES OF PUBLICATIONS OF ANGLO-SAXON AND EARLY ENGLISH LITERARY REMAINS, UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF A COMMITTEE OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON. The publication of the Remains of Anglo-Saxon and Early English Litera- ture existing in manuscript, with the addition of such as have been imper- fectly edited, or have become extremely rare, has long been thought highly desirable by persons attached to the study of our national Antiquities and Language. For the small portion of Anglo-Saxon learning already rendered accessible to the student, we are in some measure indebted to foreign scholars; and it has been deemed a subject of national reproach, that numerous Works ofequal or greater importance (including many interesting volumes of History, Poetry and Romance in the Anglo-Norman tongue,) should have still re- mained unpublished. To supply these deficiencies, it was lately proposed to establish a new society, and a subscription was set on foot to carry that ob- ject into execution. The promoters of this measure thought it right, however, to submit it to the Society of Antiquaries (of which many of them were Fel- lows), as being entirely in accordance with the purposes for which that So- ciety was founded ; and it was, on mature consideration, determined by the Council, to recommend that the Society of Antiquaries should take upon themselves the direction and execution of some of these Works, at their own expense, receiving such a return for the outlay as the sale of them might af- ford. Accordingly, a Report to the above effect was laid before the Society ; and the following Resolution having been suspended in the Meeting-Room, during the period prescribed by the Statutes, was confirmed by Ballot on Thursday, March 17, 1831 :— Resolved. — That it appears highly desirable that this measure be under- taken by the Society of Antiquaries ; but, as its funds are inadequate to defray the whole expense, without interfering with its other pub- lications, on the ordinary terms of distribution among its Members, it appears expedient that copies of the intended publication be sold to ^he Fellows at half-price, and that an adequate price be fixed on copies for general sale ; by which it is expected that a great propor- tion of the expense would be reimbursed to the Society. For the purpose of carrying into effect the foregoing Resolutions, the PROSPECTUS ISSUED BY THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES. Council, at their next meeting, appointed a Committee, consisting of the present Officers, and nine other Members selected from the Fellows of the Society, viz. : J. H. Markland, Esq. J. H. Merivale, Esq. Sir Francis Palgrave, K.H. Henry Petrie, Esq. Sir Thomas Phillips, Bart. Edgar Taylor, Esq. To whom have since been added The Rev. J. Forshall. Sir Frederick Madden, K.H. W. Y. Ottley, Esq. Charles P. Cooper, Esq. The Earl of Aberdeen, K.T., President. Hudson Gurney, Esq., V.P. Henry Hallam, Esq., V.P. Rt. Hon. C. W. Williams Wynn, V.P. William R. Hamilton, Esq., V.P. Thqmas Amyot, Esq., Treasurer. John Gage, Esq., Director. Nicholas Carlisle, Esq.K.H.T/Sewe- Sir Henry Ellis, K.H. Staries. John Caley, Esq. Francis Douce, Esq. Edward Hawkins, Esq. The Committee have thought it desirable that Anglo-Saxon Works shall be printed in the ancient Characters, and be accompanied, in every case, with an English Translation. The two first Works for publication are, 1. C^DMON'S METRICAL PARAPHRASE of parts of the Holy Scriptures in Anglo-Saxon ; edited from the Bodleian MS., with an English Translation, Preface, Notes, and Verbal Index, by Benjamin Thorpe, Esq. F.S.A. The Illuminations, fifty-three in number, have been engraved by Mr. Basire, accompanied by fac-simile Specimens of the MS., and given to the Fellows of the Society in the twenty-fourth volume of the Archaeologia, with a Descriptive Notice of the MS. by Henry Ellis, Esq., which had been pre- viously read at the Society's Meetings. Separate copies of the Engravings and Descriptive Notice have been struck off for sale. 2. LAYAMON'S TRANSLATION OF WAGE'S CHRONICLE OF THE BRUT, from the Cottonian MSS., Calig. A. ix. and Otho C. xiii., in- cluding the two Texts, to be edited by Sir Frederick Madden, F.S.A., with an English Translation, Preface, and Notes. This Work will be comprised in Two Volumes Royal Octavo. The period of its publication will be announced hereafter. Those Fellows of the Society \yho are desirous of possessing either or both of these Publications, are particularly requested by the Committee to give their names* at as early a period as they may find convenient, to Mr. Martin, at the Society's Library. The Works will be printed by Mr. Richard Taylor, F.S.A., and the copies which are not disposed of to the Fellows of the Society, will be sold by Messrs. Black, Young and Young, 2 Tavistock Street, Covent Garden. In extra hoards, royal %vo, price \l. Is., CiEDMON'S METRICAL PARAPHRASE OF PARTS OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES IN ANGLO-SAXON ; WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION, NOTES, AND VERBAL INDEX. By benjamin THORPE, Esq., F.S.A. HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ICELANDIC LITERARY SOCIETY OF COPENHAGEN. The Plates (53 in number), with an Introduction by Sir Henry Ellis, F.R.S., Sec. S.A., may be purchased separately. Price 75. London : published by the Society of Antiquaries ; sold at the Society's Rooms, and by Black, Young, and Young, Tavistock Street. From the Gotting. Gelehrten Anzeigen, No. 175. " Our chief hope is now placed in the uncommon zeal and productive activity of two scholars in England, for whom the honour seems reserved of rescuing the study of the Anglo-Saxon tongue (which for every genuine Englishman should indeed be a patriotic object, ) from the long debasement into which it has hitherto been sunk. One of these is Mr. Benjamin Thorpe, who has already honourably distinguished himself by a translation from Danish into English of the estimable Grammar of Rask, and from whom has lately appeared (though not yet arrived among us,) an edition of Caedmon. The other, Mr. J. M. Kemble, is engaged upon a critical edition of Beowulf. Nor does the Antiquarian Society remain behind, it having commissioned Mr. Thorpe with the publication of the Cod. Exon When such rich sources are once laid open, it will be our care in Germany to avail ourselves of the manifold advantages which must infallibly arise from them for the investigation of our language and literature." — J. Gkijim. From the Gentleman s Magazine for April 1833. " The gentleman to whom, under the auspices of the Society of Antiquaries, we owe the paraphrase of Caedmon, is one who has studied in this sound school of northern philologists, and his work is consequently beyond comparison the best edi- tion of a Saxon author that has ever issued from the press in England A pro- found and extensive knowledge of the Anglo-Saxon poetic language, which is very distinct from that of the Gospels and Homilies and Histories, has enabled the Edi- tor to make an excellent text out of one of the worst and most carelessly written of all the Saxon MSS. ; while his ear, well-tuned to the harmony of Saxon rhythm, separates line from line, as far as we have observed, with unerring accuracy. But these, great merits in themselves, are crowned by an accurate translation, the difficulty of which can only be appreciated by those who have attempted similar labours." Of Messrs. Black, Young and Young may also he had Parts I. and II., price 1)5. each, in 4to, of BOUCHER'S GLOSSARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS; EDITED JOINTLY BY The ReV. Joseph Hunter, F.S.A. and Joseph Stevenson, Esq. Sold hy John and Arthur Arch, Cornhill, Price 155. Qd. boards, A GRAMMAR OF THE ANGLO-SAXON TONGUE, WITH A PRAXIS. By ERASMUS RASK, FROFSSSOR OF LITERARY HISTORY IN, AND LIBRARIAN TO, THE UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, ETC. ETC. A NEW EDITION, ENLARGED AND IMPROVED BY THE AUTHOR. TRANSLATED FROM THE DANISH By benjamin THORPE, HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ICELANDIC LITERARY SOCIETY OF COFENHAGEN. Nearly ready for Publication, THE ANGLO-SAXON TRANSLATION OF THE ROMANCE OF APOLLONIUS OF TYRE, FROM A MS. IN THE LIBRARY OF C. C. C. CAM. A LITERAL TRANSLATION, &c. By BENJAMIN THORPE, F.S.A. % ip w>, K*"" ■%, '/^ .^'"•fe .# <^'^ '^C^ 0^ "^^ •^- ■^^"^^'i*^'-;^< ^^^%" :':^ 'U J 2 '? ^ ■m^sj ^ ^^. ", 'is^w: *«•.•* 8 I ~,^{\^^^ %, V- ^^N' S ^ ^^V y . ■^ , i ^- "^^o^" .^^^^^^, ■^ ^^^ ^^. I ^ .S<: .0 o ^^>^>^ -y -^ ^ ..6*' y>' .n /> " 8 I \ ..^^ -^ cP' C- ^- A \0' ^) .,'■?.■'' ® (T\ ,0°. ■r ^