froup 1/ No. 230 Price iu ceni Mi ATHI/BTIC LIBRARY **-- \Ds~> $£ ^•rfl \ % ii w V « / r rrf^P t nn ftK«ttfej ^dSk AMERICAN SPJRTS PUBLISHING Co.^ f£rOjnM ■"in, 1 21 Warren Street, ^ewYbrfC <{ p ^ Class S^JL- Book 1 Copyright N° COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. Spalding's Athletic Library Anticipating the present ten- dency of the American people toward a healthful method of living and enjoyment, Spalding's Athletic Library was established in 1892 for the purpose of encouraging ath- letics in every form, not only by publishing the official rules and records pertaining to the various pastimes, but also by instructing, until to-day Spalding's Athletic Library is unique in its own par- ticular field and has been conceded the greatest educational series on athletic and physical training sub- jects that has ever been compiled. The publication of a distinct series of books devoted to athletic sports and pastimes and designed to occupy the premier place in America in its class was an early idea of Mr. A. G. Spalding, who was one of the first in America to publish a handbook devoted to athletic sports, Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide being the initial number, which was followed at intervals with other handbooks on the sports prominent in the '70s. Spalding's Athletic Library has had the advice and counsel of Mr. A. G. Spalding in all of its undertakings, and particularly in all books devoted to the national game. This applies especially to Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide and Spalding's Official Base Ball Record, both of which receive the personal attention of Mr. A. G. Spalding, owing to his early connection with the game as the leading pitcher of the champion Boston and Chicago teams of 1872-76. His interest does not stop, however, with matters pertaining to base ball; there is not a sport that Mr. Spalding does not make it his business to become familiar with, and that the Library will always maintain its premier place, with Mr. Spalding's able counsel at hand, goes without saying. The entire series since the issue of the first number has been under the direct personal supervision of Mr. James E. Sullivan, President of the American Sports Publishing Company, and the total series of consecutive numbers reach an aggregate of considerably over three hundred, included in which are many "annuals," that really constitute the history of their particular sport in America year by year, back copies of which are even now eagerly sought for, constituting as they do the really first authentic records of events and official rules that have ever been consecutively compiled. When Spalding's Athletic Library was founded, seventeen years ago, track and field athletics were practically unknown outside the larger colleges and a few athletic clubs in the leading cities, which gave occa- sional meets, when an entry list of 250 competitors was a subject of com- ment; golf was known only by a comparatively few persons; lawn tennis had some vogue and base ball was practically the only established field A. G. Spalding EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY sport, and that in a professional way; basket ball had just been invented; athletics for the schoolboy— and schoolgirl— were almost unknown, and an advocate of class contests in athletics in the schools could not get a hearing-. To-day we find the greatest body of athletes in the world is the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York, which has had an entry list at its annual games of over two thousand, and in whose "elementary series" in base ball last year 106 schools competed for the trophy emblematic of the championship. While Spalding's Athletic Library cannot claim that the rapid growth of athletics in this country is due to it solely, the fact cannot be denied that the books have had a great deal to do with its encouragement, by printing the official rules and instructions for playing the various games at a nominal price, within the reach of everyone, with the sole object that its series might be complete and the one place where a person could look with absolute certainty for the particular book in which he might be interested. In selecting the editors and writers for the various books, the lead- ing authority in his particular line has been obtained, with the result that no collection of books on athletic subjects can compare with Spalding's Athletic Library for the prominence of the various authors and their ability to present their subjects in a thorough and practical manner. A short sketch of a few of those who have edited some of the lead- ing numbers of Spalding's Athletic Library is given herewith : JAMES E. SULLIVAN President American Sports Publishing Com- pany; entered the publishing house of Frank Leslie in 1878. and has been connected continu- ously with the publishing business since then and also as athletic editor of various New York papers; was a competing athlete; one o*. the organizers of the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States; has been actively on its board of governors since its organization until the present time, and President for two suc- cessive terms; has attended every champion- ship meeting in America since 1879 and has officiated in some capacity in connection with American amateur championships track and field games for nearly twenty-five years; assistant American director Olympic Games, Paris, 1900; director Pan-American Exposition athletic department, 1901; chief department physical culture Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904; secretary American Committee Olympic Games, at Athens, 1906; honorary director of Athletics at Jamestown Exposition, 1907; secre- tary American Committee Olympic Games, at London, 1908; member of the Pastime A. C, New York; honorary member Missouri A. C, St. Louis; honorary member Olympic A. C, San Francisco; ex-president Pastime A. C, New Jersey A. C, Knickerbocker A. C; president Metropolitan Association of the A. A. U. for fifteen years; president Outdoor Recrea- tion League; with Dr. Luther H. Gulick organized the Public Schools Athletic League of New York, and is now chairman of its games commit- tee and member executive committee; was a pioneer in playground work and one of the organizers of the Outdoor Recreation League of New York ; appointed by President Roosevelt as special commissioner to the Olympic Games at Athens, 1906, and decorated by King George I. of the Hellenes (Greece) for his services in connection with the Olympic Games; ap- pointed special commissioner by President Roosevelt to the Olympic Games at London, 1908; appointed by Mayor McClellan, 1908, as member »t the Board of Education of Greater New York. EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY WALTER CAMP For quarter of a century Mr. Walter Camp of Yale has occupied a leading: position in col- lege athletics. It is immaterial what organiza- tion is suggested for college athletics, or for the betterment of conditions, insofar as college athletics is concerned, Mr. Camp has always played an important part in its conferences, and the great interest in and high plane of college sport to-day. are undoubtedly due more to Mr. Camp than to any other individual. Mr. Camp has probably written more on college athletics than any other writer and the leading papers and maga- zines of America are always anxious to secure his expert opinion on foot ball, track and field athletics, base ball and rowing. Mr. Camp has grown up with Yale athletics and is a part of Yale's remarkable athletic system. While he has been designated as the "Father of Foot Ball," it is a well known fact that during his college career Mr. Camp was regarded as one of the best players that ever represented Yale on the base ball field, so when we hear of Walter Camp as a foot ball expert we must also remem- ber his remarkable knowledge of the game of base ball, of which he is a great admirer. Mr. Camp has edited Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide since it was first published, and also the Spalding Athletic Library book on How to Play Foot Ball. There is certainly no man in American college life better qualified to write for Spalding's Athletic Library than Mr. Camp. DR. LUTHER HALSEY GULICK The leading exponent of physical training in America; one who has worked hard to im- press the value of physical training in the schools; when physical training was combined with education at the St. Louis Exposition in 1904 Dr. Gulick played an important part in that congress; he received several awards for his good work and had many honors conferred upon him; he is the author of a great many books on the subject; it was Dr. Gulick, who, acting on the suggestion of James E. Sullivan, organized the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York, and was its first Secretary; Dr. Gulick was also for several years Director of Physical Training in the public schools of Greater New York, resigning the position to assume the Presidency of the Playground Association of America. Dr. Gulick is an authority on all subjects pertaining; to phys- ical training and the study of the child. JOHN B. FOSTER Successor to the late Henry Chad wick ("Father of Base Ball") as editor of Spald- ing's Official Base Ball Guide; sporting editor of the New York Evening Telegram; has been in the newspaper business for many years and is recognized throughout America as a leading writer on the national game; a staunch supporter of organized base ball, his pen has always been used for the better- ment of the game. EDITORS OF SPALDING 5 ATHLETIC LIBRARY TIM MURNANE Base Ball editor of the Boston Globe and President of the New England League of Base Ball Clubs; one of the best known base ball men of the country; known from coast to coast; is a keen follower of the game and prominent in all its councils; nearly half a century ago was one of America's foremost players: knows the game thoroughly and writes from the point of view both of player and an official. HARRY PHILIP BURCHELL Sporting editor of the New York Times; graduate of the University of Pennsylvania; editor of Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual; is an authority on the game; follows the movements of the players minutely and understands not only tennis but all other sub- jects that can be classed as athletics; no one in better qualified to edit this book than Mr. Burchell. GEORGE T. HEPBRON Former Young Men's Christian Association director; for many years an official of the Athletic League of Young Men's Christian Associations of North America ; was con- nected with Dr. Luther H. Gulick in Young Men's Christian Association work for over twelve years; became identified with basket ball when it was in its infancy and has fol- lowed it since, being recognized as the lead- ing exponent of the official rules; succeeded Dr. Gulick as editor of the Official Basket Ball Guide and also editor of the Spalding Athletic Library book on How to Play Basket Ball. JAMES S. MITCHEL Former champion weight thrower; holder of numerous records, and is the winner of more championships than any other individual in the history of sport ; Mr. Mitchel is a close student of athletics and well qualified to write upon any topic connected with athletic sport ; has been for years on the staff of the New York Sun. EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY MICHAEL C. MURPHY The world's most famous athletic trainer; the champion athletes that he has developed for track and field sports, foot ball and base ball fields, would run into thousands; he became famous when at Yale University and has been particularly successful in developing what might be termed championship teams; his rare good judgment has placed him in an enviable position in the athletic world; now with the University of Pennsylvania ; dur- ing his career has trained only at two col- leges and one athletic club, Yale and the University ol Pennsylvania and Detroit Athletic Club; his most recent triumph was that of training the famous American team of athletes that swept the held at the Olympic Games of 1908 at London. DR. C. WARD CRAMPTON Succeeded Dr. Gulick as director of physical training in the schools of Greater New York : as secretary of the Public Schools Athletic League is at the head of the most remarkable organization of its kind in the world; is a practical athlete and gymnast h«.nself, and has been for years connected with the physi- cal training system in the schools of Greater New York, having had charge of the High School of Commerce. DR. GEORGE J. FISHER Has been connected with Y. M. C. A. work for many years as physical director at Cincin- nati and Brooklyn, where he made such a high reputation as organizer that he was chosen to succeed Dr. Luther H. Gulick as Secretary of the Athletic League of Y. M. C. A.'s of North America, when the latter resigned to take charge of the physical training in the Public Schools of Greater New York. DR. GEORGE ORTON On athletics, college athletics, particularly track and field, foot ball, soccer foot ball, and training of the youth, it would be hard to find one better qualified than Dr. Orton; has had the necessary athletic experience and the ability to impart that experience intelligently to the youth of the land; for years was the American, British and Canadian champioi runner. EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY FREDERICK R. TOOMBS A well known authority on skating:, rowing:, boxing:, racquets, and other athletic sports; was sporting- editor of American Press Asso- ciation, New York; dramatic editor; is a law- yer and has served several terms as a member of Assembly of the Legislature of the State of New York; has written several novels and historical works. R. L. WELCH A resident of Chicago; the popularity of indoor base ball is chiefly due to his efforts; a player himself of no mean ability; a first- class organizer; he has followed the game of indoor base ball from its inception. DR. HENRY S. ANDERSON Has been connected with Yale University for years and is a recognized authority on gymnastics; is admitted to be one of the lead- ing authorities in America on gymnastic sub- jects; is the author of many books on physical training. CHARLES M. DANIELS Just the man to write an authoritative book on swimming; the fastest swimmer the world has ever known; member New York Athletic Club swimming team and an Olym- pic champion at Athens in 1906 and London, 1908. In his book on Swimming, Champion Daniels describes just the methods one must use to become an expert swimmer. GUSTAVE BOJUS Mr. Bojus is most thoroughly qualified to write intelligently on all subjects pertaining to gymnastics and athletics; in his day one of America's most famous amateur athletes; has competed successfully in gymnastics and many other sports for the New York Turn Verein; for twenty years he has been prom- inent in teaching gymnastics and athletics; was responsible for the famous gymnastic championship teams of Columbia University; DOW with the Jersey City high schools. hDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY CHARLES JACOBUS Admitted to be the "Fa:her of Roque;" one of America's most expert players, win- ning 1 the Olympic Championship at St. Louis in 1904; an ardent supporter of the game and follows it minutely, and much of the success of roque is due to his untiring efforts; certainly there is no one better qualified to write on this subject than Mr. Jacobus. DR. E. B. WARMAN Well known as a physical training expert; was probably one of the first to enter the field and is the author of many books on the sub- ject; lectures extensively each year all over the country. W. J. CROMIE Now with the University of Pennsylvania, was formerly a Y. M. C. A. physical director; a keen student of all gymnastic matters; the author of many books on subjects pertaining to physical training. G. M. MARTIN By profession a physical director of the Young Men's Christian Association; a close student of all things gymnastic, and games for the classes in the gymnasium or clubs. PROF. SENAC A leader in the fencing world ; has main- tained a fencing school in New York for years and developed a great many cham- pions ; understands the science of fencing thoroughly and the benefits to be derived therefrom. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY Q: Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletic Library Books now j in print, grouped lor ready reference c SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS D No. I Spalding's Official No. IA Spalding's Official No. IC Spalding's Official No. 2 Spalding's Official No. 2A Spalding's Official No. 3 Spalding's Official No. 4 Spalding's Official No. 5 Spalding's Official No. 6 Spalding's Official No. 7 Spalding's Official No. 7A Spalding's Official No. 8 Spalding's Official No. 9 Spalding's Official No. IO Spalding's Official No. 12 Spalding's Official No. I2A Spalding's Official Group I. Base Ball No.l Spalding'sOfficial BaseBall Guide No. IA Official Base Ball Record. No. IC Collegiate Base Ball Annual. No. 202 How to Play Base B»1L No. 223 How to Bat. No. 232 How to Run Bases No. 230 How to Pitch. No. 229 How to Catch. No. 225 How to Play First Base. No. 226 How to Play Second Base. No. 227 How to Play Third Base. No. 228 How to Play Shortstop. No. 224 How to Play the Outfield. f How to Organize a Base Bal 1 League. [Club. How to Organize a Base Ball vr_ | How to Manage a Base Ball N °- qi \ Club. ^ dl - I HowtoTrainaBaseBallTeam How to Captain a Base Ball HowtoUmpireaGame. [Team L Technical Base Ball Terms. No. 219 Ready Reckoner of Base Ball Percentages. BASE BALL AUXILIARIES No. 348 Minor League Base Ball Guide No. 338 Official Book National League of Prof. Base Ball Clubs. No. 340 Official Handbook National Playground Ball Assn. Group II. Foot Ball No.2 Spalding'sOfficial Foot Ball Guide No. 344 ADigest of the Foot Ball Rules No. 324 How to Play Foot Ball. No. 2a Spalding' s Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide. No. 286 How to Play Soccer. No. 335 How to Play Rugby. Base Ball Guide Base Ball Record Collegiate Base Ball Annual Foot Ball Guide Soccer Foot Ball Guide Cricket Guide Lawn Tennis Annual Golf Guide Ice Hockey Guide Basket Ball Guide Women's Basket Ball Guide Lacrosse Guide Indoor Base Ball Guide Roller Polo Guide Athletic Almanac Athletic Rules FOOT BALL AUXILIARY No. 343 Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide. No. 332 Spalding's Official Canadian croup ill. Foot Bal1 Guide crichct No 3 Spalding's Official Cricket Guide. No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It. Group IV. Lawn Tennis No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Ten- nis Annual. No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. No. 279 Strokes and Science of Lawn „ «. Tennis. _ , m Group V. Golf No. 5 Spalding'sOfficial Golf Guide No. 276 How to Play Golf. Group VI. Hochcy No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide. No. 304 How to Play Ice Hockey. No. 154 Field Hockey. (Lawn Hockey. No. 188 -< Parlor Hockey. (Garden Hockey. No. 180 Ring Hockey. HOCKEY AUXILIARY No. 256 Official Handbook Ontario Group VH. HockeyAsso Basket Ball IsTo. 7 Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide. No. 7a Spalding's Official Women's Basket Ball Guide. No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. BASKET BALL AUXILIARY No. 323 Official Collegiate Basket Ball Handbook. ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY Group VIII. Lacrosse No. 8 Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide. No, 201 How to Play Lacrosse. Gruup IX. indoui* Base Ball No. 9 Spalding's Official 1 yidoor Base Ball Guide. Group X. Polo No. 10 Spalding's Official Roller Polo Guide. No. 129 Water Polo. No. 199 Equestrian Polo. Group XI. Miscellaneous Games No. 248 No. 138 No 271 Archery. Croquet. Roque. f Racquets. ■< Squash-Racquets. (Court Tennis. Hand Ball. Quoits. Push Ball. Curling. Lawn Bowls. Lawn Games. Children's Games. How to Bowl. No 194 No. 13 No. 167 No. 170 No. 14 No. 207 No. 188 No. 189 No. 341 Group XII. Athletics No. 12 Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac. No. 12a Spalding's Official Athletic Rules No. 27 College Athletics. No. 182 All Around Athletics. No. 156 Athletes' Guide. No. 87 Athletic Primer. No. 273 Olympic GamesatAthens.iiJOo No. 252 How to Sprint. No. 255 How to Run 100 Yards. No. 174 Distance and Cross Country Running. [Thrower. No. 259 How to Become a Weight No. 55 Official Sporting Rules, [boys. No. 246 Athletic Training for School- No. 317 Marathon Running. No. 331 Schoolyard Athletics. No. 342 Walking for Health and Com- petition. ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES No. 349 Intercollegiate Official Hand- No. 302 Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook. No. 313 Public Schools Athletic League Official Handbook. No. 314 Girls' Athletics. No. 308 Official Handbook New York Interscholastic Athletic Association. Group Xlll. Athletic Accomplishment No. 177 How to Swim. No. 296 Speed Swimming. No. 128 How to Row. No. 209 How to Become a Skater. No. 178 How to Train for Bicycling. No. 23 Canoeing. No. 282 Roller Skating Guide. Group XIV. Manly Sports No. 18 Fencing. ( By Breck.) No. 162 Boxing. No. 165 Fencing. ( By Senac.) No. 140 Wrestling. No. 236 How to Wrestle. No. 102 Ground Tumbling. No. 233 Jiu Jitsu. No. 166 How to Swing Indian Clubs. No. 200 Dumb Bell Exercises. No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells. No. 262 Medicine Ball Exercises. No. 29 Pulley Weight Exercises. No. 191 How to Punch the Bag. No. 289 Tumbling for Amateurs. No. 326 Professional Wrestling. Group XV. Gymnastics No. 104 Grading of Gymnastic Exer- cises. [Dumb Bell Drills. No. 214 Graded Ca 1 i sthenics and No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. No. 158 Indoor and Outdoor Gym- nastic Games. No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast. No. 287 Fancy Dumb Bell and March- ing Drills. [Apparatus. No. 327 Pyramid Building Without No. 328 Exercises on the Parallel Bars. No. 329 Pyramid Building with Wands, Chairs and Ladders GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY No. 345 Official Handbook I. C. A. A. Gymnasts of America. Group XVI. Physical culture No. 161 Ten Minutes' Exerci se for Busy Men. [giene. No. 208 Physical Education and Hy- No. 149 Scientific Physical Training and Care of the Body. No. 142 Physical Training Simplified. No. 185 Hints on Health. No. 213 285 Health Answers^-' No. 233 Muscle Building. [ning. No. 234 School Tactics and Maze Run- No. 261 Tensing Exercises, [nasties. No. 285 Health by Muscular Gym No. 288 Indigestion Treated by Gym- No. 290 Get Well; Keep Well. [nasties. No. 325 Twenty-Minute Exercises. No. 330 Physical Training for the School and Class Room. No. 346 How to Live 100 Years. ArtY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY Group I. Base Ball No. 1— Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. The leading Base Ball annual of the country, and the official authority of ta$"SlflI the game. Contains the _W ax" 1 official playing rules, with an explanatory index of the rules compiled by Mr. A, G. Spalding; pictures of all the teams in the National, American and minor leagues ; re- views of the season; college Base Ball, and a great deal of interesting in- formation. Price 10 cents. No. 1A — Spalding's Official Base Ball Record. Something new in Base Ball. Con- tains records of all kinds from the be- ginning of the National League and official averages of all professional or- ganizations for past season, illustrated with pictures of leading teams and players. Price 10 cents. No. 1C— Spalding's Official Collegiate Base Ball An- nual. Contains matters of interest exclu- sively for the college player; pictures and records of all the leading colleges. Price 10 cents. No. 202— How to Play Base Ball. Edited by Tim Murnane. New and revised edition. Illustrated with pic- tures showing how all the various curves and drops are thrown and por- traits of leading players. Price 10 cents. No. 223— How to Bat. There is no better way of becoming a proficient batter than by reading this book and practising the directions. Numerous illustrations. Price 10 cents. No. 232— How to Run the Bases. This book gives clear and concise directions for excelling as a base run- ner; tells when to run and when not to do so; how and when to slide; team work on the bases; in fact, every point of the game is thoroughly explained. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 230— How to Pitch. A new, up-to-date book. Its contents are the practical teaching of men who have reached the top as pitchers, and who know how to impart a knowledge of their art. All the big leagues' pitchers are shown. Price 10 cents. No. 229— How to Catch. Every boy who has hopes of being a clever catcher should read how well- known players cover their position. Pictures of all the noted catchers in the big leagues. Price 10 cents. No. 225— How to Play First Base. Illustrated with pictures of all the prominent first basemen. Price lOcents. No. 220— How to Play Second Base. The ideas of the best second basemen have been incorporated in this book for the especial benefit of boys who want to know the fine points of play at this point of the diamond. Price 10 cents. No. 227— How to Play Third Base. Third base is, in some respects, the most important of the infield. All the points explained. Price 10 cents. No. 22S— How to Play Short- stop. Shortstop is one of the hardest posi- tions on the infield to fill, and quick thought and quick action are necessary for a player who expects to make good as a shortstop. Illus. Price 10 cents. Xo. 224— How to Play the Outfield. An invaluable guide for the out- fielder. Price 10 cents. No. 231— How to Coach; How to Captain a Team; How to Manage a Team; How to Umpire; How to Or- ganize a League; Tech- nical Terms of Base Ball. A useful guide. Price 10 cents. No 219— Ready Reckoner of Base Ball Percentages. To supply a demand for a book which would show the percentage of clubs without recourse to the arduous work of figuring, the publishers had these tables compiled by an expert. Price 10 cents. BASE BALL AUXILIARIES. No. 348 — Minor League Base Ball Guide. The minors' own guide. Edited by President T. H. Murnane, of the New England League. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 338— Official Handbook of the National Leagne of Professional Base Ball Clnbs. Contains the Constitution, By-Laws. Official Rules. Averages, and schedule of the National League for the current year, together with list of club officers and reports of the annual meetings of the League. Price 10 cents. No. 340— Official Handbook National Playground Hall Association. This game is specially adapted for playgrounds, parks, etc.. is spreading rapidly. The book contains a descrip- tion of the game, rules and list of officers. Price 10 cents. Group II. Foot Ball No. 2— Spalding's Foot Ball Gnide. Official Edited by Walter Camp. Contains the new rules, with diagram of field; All- America teams as selected by the leading authorities; reviews of the game from various sections of the country; scores; pictures^ Price 10 cents. No. 344— A Digest of the Foot Ball Hales. This book is meant for the use of officials, to help them to refresh their memories before a game and to afford them a quick means of ascertaining a point during a game. It also gives a ready means of finding a rule in the Official Rule Book, and is of great help to a player in studying the Rules. Compiled by C.W. Short, Harvard. 1908. Price 10 cents* No. 324— How to Play Foot Ball. Edited by Walter Camp, of Yale. Everything that a beginner wants to know and many points that an expert will be glad to learn. Snapshots of leading teams and players in action, with commenti by Walter Camp. Price 10 centi. No. 2A— Spalding's Official Association Soccer Foot Ball Guide. A complete and up-to-| date guide to the "Soccer* game in the United States, containing instructions for playing the game, official j rules, and interesting news from all parts of the country. Illustrated. Price | 10 cents. No. 2SG— How to Play Soc- cer. How each position should be played, written by the best player in England in his respective position, and illus- trated with full-page photographs of players in action. Price 10 cents. No. 336— How to Play Rugby. Compiled in England by " Old Inter- national." Contains directions for playing the various positions, with dia- grams and illustrations. Price 10 cents. FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES. No. 332— Spalding's Official Canadian Foot Ball Guide. The official book of the game in Can- ada. Price 10 cents. No. 343— Official Rugby Foot Uall Guide. The official handbook of the Rugby game, containing the official playing rules, referee's decisions, articles on the game in the United States and pic- tures of leading teams. Price 10 cents. Group in. Cricket No. 3— Spalding's Official Cricket Guide. The most complete year book of the game that has ever been published in America. Reports of special matches, official rules and pictures of all the leading teams. Price 10 cents. No. 277— Cricket; and How to Play it. By Prince Ranjitsinhji. The game described concisely and illustrated with full-page pictures posed especially for this book. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY Group IV, Lawn Tennis No. 4— Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual. Contents include reports of all important tourna- ments; official ranking from 1885 to date; laws of lawn tennis; instructions for handicapping; deci- sions on doubtful points; management of tourna- ments; directory of clubs; laying out and keeping a court. Illus- trated. Price 10 cents. to Play Lawn No. 157— How Tennis. A complete description of lawn ten- nis; a lesson for beginners and direc- tions telling how to make the most im- portant strokes. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. -. No. 279— Strokes and Science of Lawn Tennis. By P. A. Vaile, a leading authority on the game in Great Britain. Every stroke in the game is accurately illus- trated and analyzed by the author. Price 10 cents. Group V. No. 5— Spalding's Golf Gnide. Contains records of a.11 1 Important tournaments, articles on the game in various sections of the country, pictures of prom- inent players, official play- ing rules and general Stems of interest. Price 10 cents. Golf Official ill No. 276— How to riay Golf. By James Braid and Harry Vardon, the world's two greatest players tell how they play the game, with numer- ous full-page pictures of them taken on the links. Price 10 «vmts. Group VI. Hockey No. 6— Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide. The official year book of the game. Contains the official rules, pictures of leading teams and players, records, review of the season, reports from dif- ferent sections of the United States and Canada. Price 10 cents. No. 304— How to Play Ice Hockey. Contains a description of the duties of each player. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 154— Field Hockey. Prominent in the sports at Vassar. Smith, Wellesley. Bryn Mawr and other leading colleges. Price 10 cents. Xo. 188 — Lawn Hockey,, 1'arlor Hockey, Garden Hockey. Containing the rules for each game. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. Xo. ISO— RingT Hockey. A new game for the gymnasium. Exciting as basket ball. Price 10 cents. HOCKEY AUXILIARY. Xo. 266— Official Handbook of the Ontario Hockey Association. Contains the official rules of the Association, constitution, rules of coin- petition, list of officers, and pictures of leading players. Price 10 cents. Group VII. Basket Ball No. 7— Spaldingr's Official Basket Ball Guide. Edited by George T. Hepbron. Contains the revised official rules, de- cisions on disputed points, records of prominent teams, reports on the game from various parts of the country. Illustrated. Price 10 centfl. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 7A— Spalding's Official Women's Basket Ball Guide. Edited by Miss Senda Berenson. of Smith College. Contains the official playing rules and special articles on the game by prominent authorities. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 193— How to Play Basket Ball. By G. N. Messer. The best book of instruction on the game yet published. Illustrated with numerous pictures and diagrams of plays. Price 10 cents. BASKET BALL AUXILIARY. No. 823— Collegiate Basket Ball Handbook. The official publication of the Colle- giate Basket Ball Association. Con- tains the official rules, records. All- America selections, reviews, and pic- tures. Edited by H. A. Fisher, of Columbia. Price 10 cents. Group VIII. Lacrosse No. 8— Spalding's Official La- croNNe Guide. Contains the constitution, by-laws, playing rules, list of officers and records of the U. S. Inter-Collegiate Lacrosse League. Price 10 cents. No. ffl)l-How to Play La- crosse. Every position is thoroughly ex- plained in a most simple and concise manner, rendering it the best manual of the game ever published. Illus- trated with numerous snapshots of im- portant plays. Price 10 cents. Polo Group IX. Indoor Base Ball No. 9— Spaldingr's Official In- door Base Ball Guide. America's national game is now vieing with other indoor games as a winter pastime. This book con- tains the playing rules, pictures of leading teams, and interesting articles on the game by leading au- thorities on the subject. Price 10 cent*. Group X. No. lO— Spalding's Official Roller Polo Guide. Edited by A. W. Keane. A full description of the game; official rules, re- cords; pictures of promi- nent players.Price 10 cents No. 129— Water Polo. The contents of this book treat of every detail, the individual work of the players, the practice of the team, how to throw the ball, with illustrations and many valuable hints. Price 10 cents. No. 199— Equestrian Polo. Compiled by H. L. 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A short history of this famous Scot- tish pastime, with instructions for play, rules of the game, definitions of terms and diagrams of different shots. Price 10 cents. No. 207— Bowling on the Green; or, Lawn Bowls. How to construct a green; how to play the game, and the official rules of the Scottish Bowling Association. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 189— Children's Games. These games are intended for use at recesses, and all but the team games have been adapted to large classes. Suitable for children from three to eight years, and include a great variety. Price 10 cents* No. 188 — Lawn Games. Lawn Hockey, Garden Hockey, Hand Tennis, Tether Tennis; also Volley Ball, Parlor Hockey, Badminton, Bas- ket Goal. Price 10 cents. Group Xn. Athletics No. 12— Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac. Compiled by J. E. Sulli- van, President of the Ama- teur Athletic Union. 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Gives -in full the method of scoring the Ail-Around Championship; how to train for the Ail-Around Champion- ship. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 156— Athlete's Guide. Full instructions for the beginner, telling how to sprint, hurdle, jump and throw weights, general hints on train- ing; valuable advice to beginners and important A. A. U. rules and their ex- planations, while the pictures comprise many scenes of champions in Action, Price \Q cent*. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 273— The Olympic Games at Athens. A complete account of the Olympic Barnes of 1906, at Athens, the greatest International Athletic Contest ever held. Compiled by J. E. Sullivan, Special United States Commissioner to the Olympic Games. Price 10 cents. No. 87— Athletic Primer. Edited by J. E. Sullivan, Secretary- Treasurer of the Amateur Athletic Union. 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Bancroft Price 10 cents. Group Xin. Athletic Accomplishments No. 177— How to Swim. Will interest the expert as well as the novice; the illustrations were made from photographs especially posed, showing the swimmer in clear water; a valuable feature is the series of "land drill " exercises for the beginner. Price 10 cents. No. 2l>«— Speed Swimming-. By Champion C. M. Daniels of the New York Athletic Club team, holder of numerous American records, and the best swimmer in America qualified to write on the subject. Any boy should be able to increase his speed in the water after reading Champion Daniels' Instructions on the subject. Price 10 cents. No. 128— How to Row. By E. J. Giannini, of the New York Athletic Club, one of America's most famous amateur oarsmen and cham- pions. Shows how to hold the oars, the finish of the stroke and other valu- able information. Price 10 cents. No. 23— Canoeing. 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Price 10 cents. No. 326— Professional Wrest- ling. A book devoted to the catch-as-catch- can style ; illustrated with half-tone pictures showing the different holds used by Frank Gotch, champion catch- as-catch-can wrestler of the world. Posed by Dr. Roller and Charles Postl. By Ed. W. Smith, Sporting Editor of the Chicago American. Price 10 cents. Group XV. Gymnastics No. 104— The Grading of Gymnastic Exercises. By G. M. Martin. A book that should be in the hands of every physical direc- tor of the Y. M. C. A., school, club, col- lege, etc. Price 10 cents. No. 214— Graded Calisthen- ics and Dum b-Bell Drills. For years it has been the custom in most gymnasiums of memorizing a set drill, which was never varied- Conse- quently the beginner was given the same kind and amount as the older member. With a view to giving uni formity the present treatise is at tempted. Price 10 cent". SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 254-Barnjnm Bar Bell Drill. Edited by Dr. R. Tait McKenzie, Director Physical Training, University of Pennsylvania. Profusely illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 158 — Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic Games. A book that will prove valuable to in- door and outdoor gymnasiums, schools, outings and gatherings where there are a number to be amused. Price 10 cents. No. 124 — How to Become a Gymnast. By Robert Stoll, of the New York A. C., the American champion on the flying rings from 1885 to 1892. Any boy can easily become proficient with a little practice. Price 10 cents. No. 287— Fancy Dumb Bell and Marching Drills. All concede that games and recreative exercises during the adolescent period are preferable to set drills and monoton- ous movements. These drills, while de- signed primarily for boys, can be used successfully with girls and men and women. Profusely illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 327— Pyramid Building: Without Apparatus. By W. J. Cromie, Instructor of Gymnastics, University of Pennsyl- vania. With illustrations showing many different combinations. This book should be in the hands of all gym- nasium instructors. Price 10 Cents. No. :52N— Exercises on the Parallel Bars. By W. J. Cromie. Every gymnast should procure a copy of this book. Illustrated with cuts showing many novel exercises. Price 10 cents. No. 329— Pyramid Building Trith Chairs, Wands and Ladders. By W. J. Cromie. Illustrated with half-tone photopraphs showing many interesting combinations. Price 10 cents. GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY. No. 345— Official Handbook Inter-Collegiate Associa- tion Amateur Gymnasts of America. Edited by P. R. Carpenter, Physical Instructor Amherst College. Contains pictures of leading teams and individual champions, official rules governing con- tests, records. Price 10 cents. _ VTT¥ Physical Group XVI. culture No. 161— Ten Minutes' Exer- cise for Busy Men. By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, Direc- tor of Physical Training in the New York Public Schools. A concise and complete course of physical education. Price 10 cents. No. 208— Physical Education and Hygiene. This is the fifth of the Physical Training series, by Prof. E. B. Warman (see Nos. 142, 149, 166. 185. 213, 261. 290.) Price 10 cents. No. 149— The Careof the Body. A book that all who value health should read and follow its instructions. By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known lecturer and authority on physical cul- ture. Price 10 cents. No. 142— Physical Training Simplified. By Prof. E. B. Warman. A complete, thorough and practical book where the whole man is considered — brain and body. Price 10 cents. No. 261— Tensing Exercises. By Prof. E. B. Warman. The "Ten- sing" or "Resisting" system of mus- cular exercises is the most thorough, the most complete, the most satisfac- tory, and the most fascinating of sys- tems. Price 10 cents. No. 346— How to Live 10O Years. By Prof. E. B. Warman. 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No. 325— Twenty Minute Ex- ercises. By Prof. E. B. Warman. with chap- ters on " How to Avoid Growing Old," and " Fasting ; Its Objects and Bene- fits." Price 10 cents. No. 285— Health; by Muscu- lar Gymnastics. With hints on right living. By W. J. Cromie. If one will practice the exer- cises and observe the hints therein contained, he will be amply repaid for so doing. Price 10 cents. No. 288— -Indigestion Treated by l*ymnastics By W. J. Cromie. If the hints there- in contained are observed and the exercises faithfully performed great relief will be experienced. Price 10 cents. No. 2»<>— Get Well; Keep Well. By Prof. E. B. Warman, author of a number of books in the Spalding Ath- letic Library on physical training. Price 10 cents. No. 330— Physical Training for the School and Class Room. Edited by G. R. Borden, Physical Director of the Y. M. C. A., Easton, Pa. A book that is for practical work in the school room. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. A. G. SPALDING n: SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY GROUP I. No. 230 How t© Pitch Edited by JOHN B. FOSTER Editor Spalding's Official! Base Ball Guide ^> PUBLISHED BY American Sports Publishing Company 21 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK tf Copyright, 1911 BY American Sports Publishing Company New York <^CI.A286l2fl' * Spalding's Athletic Library. INTRODUCTION Almost every boy, when beginning to play ball, is ambitious tc become a successful pitcher. The pitcher during a game has something to do all the time, and there never lived an American boy who did not like to be busy on the ball field. He wants to have the ball in his hands, and, if the truth be known, rather likes the advantage which the pitcher enjoys of striking the other fellows out and gloating subsequently over their discomfiture. Many of the most skilled professional players of the present, r.nd of the days of the past, began their base ball career as pitchers. With a little more practical knowledge, and with the advantage of words of good advice, they might have succeeded in the centre of the diamond better than they did. To aid the amateurs and the beginners is the purpose of this work on pitching, and its contents are the practical teaching of men who have reached the top as pitchers, and who have had experience, both as members of the best clubs playing base ball, and as contenders against teams that have enjoyed national reputations. There is one consideration to be accepted as a principle, and the more that it is impressed upon the novices, the better it will be for them in the end. It is a fact, that is, in reality, the con- census of opinion of three score of the best players who are pitch- ing for the professional teams at the present time. It is this: Spalding s Athletic Library. Perfect control of the ball must be obtained before any pitcher can hope to rank with the best. Without that qualification curves and speed are in vain, and until it is secured the beginner should practice and practice dili- gently and persistently to obtain it. It is impossible to expect to make much headway against either skilled or unskilled players until the pitcher learns to put the ball to that spot where he intends it to go. So important is this matter regarded by all who arc intimate with the technique and the practical side of Base Ball, that it is worth a chapter, even before the beginner thinks much about curves or change of pace and other details that go to make the successful pitcher. Denton T. Young, whose marvelous no-hit and no-run game pitched for the Boston American League club during the season of 1904, followed by another no-hit and no-run game in 1908, but one player reaching first base, established him as one of the greatest men who ever placed his foot against the pitcher's plate; whose term of service has been so long that he enjoys the greatest reputation of any pitcher for continued good work in the box, is one of the pitchers who has seldom been troubled with wildness, and his remarks upon accuracy in pitching are especially valuable. Spalding's Athletic Library. " FIRST— LEARN CONTROL OF BALL By Denton T. ("Cy") Young There are young players in base ball who have what might be called natural control. Before they picked up a base ball for the first time, I venture to say that they could throw stones and pebbles more accurately than their companions, even if they were not able to throw them so far. Possibly every other boy in the neighborhood could throw a green apple swifter, but it was this particular boy, with his greater accuracy, who hit the mark the most times. That is what I call natural control, and the moment that boy begins to practice pitching, if he should, it will be found that he keeps the ball near the plate all the time, and that he is effective against other teams, much to the surprise of his companions, who note that he is not a swift thrower nor a long-distance thrower. Every boy, who tries to become a pitcher, should make an effort to secure the same control of a ball as this boy has with his natural gift of accuracy. Speed is decidedly a bad qualification for pitching unless accuracy goes with it. That is why so many slow pitchers are successful in professional base ball. Speed that gives bases on balls is equivalent to giving base hits, and to permit hits to be made is the first step toward defeat. To obtain this control of the ball, which is so essential to suc- cess, there is nothing to my mind like practice. It is not neces- sary that one should paint out a white spot on some dark back- Spalding's Athletic Library. 13 ground and throw at it until tired. I know of young pitcher? who have tried that sort of thing, and it always amused me. The most that it did was to accustom them to hitting with some accuracy a stationary target. A batter is not a stationary target, hence the worthlessness of such practice. I would have a young player, even if he possesses some natural control, and surely if he possesses none, pitch to a catcher over an improvised plate. Better still, if he can get somebody to be the batter while he remains pitcher all the time. Providing it is not possible to get any one to act as batter, be sure to have the plate — a piece of board the proper si/e will do— and the catcher behind it. The catcher should sign for a high ball and a low ball, and whether the beginner knows much about curving the ball or not, he should be asked to put it first to one side of the plate and then to the other to improve his accuracy. Young players will be astonished to see how much this simple practice will do to assist their efficiency. After awhile they will quite unco*"siously copy the cross-fire of which sc much is heara nowadays. Cross-fire is only the ability of the pitcher to direct the ball across home base on a certain angle between the pitcher and the plate. My advice would be not to try to use speed while this practice is going on because that is wearing on the arm. Merely get the ball to the plate with sufficient force to cause it to come within the batter's reach, at a certain point which the pitcher had in mind when he permitted the ball to leave his hand. Spalding s Athletic Library. 15 Keep this up daily; in fact, whenever any one can be found tc catch the ball. Mark out a square on the ground for the home plate, if there is nothing available to act as a temporary base and pitch at that with a definite purpose to make the ball go where it is wanted to go. Young players may have watched the professionals warm up before the game, and no doubt have seen the catcher drop his glove in front of him to act as a temporary base. The warming up is not so much to develop the speed in the pitcher's arm, which would be bound to come out in an inning or so, as it is to get the arm trained to do what the pitcher wants it to do. When I can make the ball to go over first one end, then the other, then the centre of my catcher's glove, I know that I have got good control, and that I will be able to execute during the afternoon what I start out to accomplish. I did not give a base on balls in the game in which I allowed no hits and no runs to be made, and I knew almost from the very first ball which left my hand that afternoon that I should be able to put the ball exactly where I wanted to. I should advise all young pitchers to seek the same result. It may take a long time to succeed, but there is likely to come a day when the pitchei suddenly discovers that he has got control at last, and from thai moment he is the master of the batter and need have little to fear as to his future. Having learned accuracy in the delivery of the ball, the next thing is to master the curves. Some may have thought that it Spalding's Athletic Library. 17 was essential to know how to curve a ball before anything else. Experience, to my mind, teaches to the contrary in this respect. Any young player, who has good control of the ball, will become a successful curve pitcher long before the beginner who is endeavoring to master both curves and control at the same time. The curve is merely an accessory to control. Witness how many good pitchers there were before the curved ball wa." heard of and how many there are now who employ straight balls as much as they do curves in their work. The out-curve is produced usually by grasping the ball with the first two fingers and the thumb, with the back of the hand turned downward. The fingers a-e •■ressea firmly against the ball, which is gripped tight. The out-curve may b.- either fast or slow. ^J The incurve is pitched with a side-arm motion, the ball being released over the tips of the first two fingers, the arm being swept around with a lateral motion. Some pitchers throw an in-curve by grasping the ball with all four fingers and permitting it to slip over the tips. Sfiatding's Athletic Library. HOW TO PITCH THE OUTCURVE By Samuel Leever Grasp the ball with the first two fingers of the hand and the thumb. Some use the third finger to steady the ball in the palm of the hand and some turn the fourth finger completely down. The use of the third and fourth fingers depends largely upon the individual. Turn the hand downward, holding the ball as if in a saucer. When the bail is delivered let it pass between the thumb and the first finger. This gives the rotary motion that is neces- sary to produce the curve. It is possible to pitch both a fast and a slow outcurve. It is better for the beginner to attempt the slow curve first. To acquirable slow curve, do not grasp the ball too tightly. Too many young pitchers destroy the effect of the curve by holding the ball so firmly in the hand that they fail to give it the proper revolving motion. They become discouraged at frequent unsuccessful attempts to succeed, when thus handi- capped, and give up trying to learn, when a proper word of cau- tion would have placed them on the right track to the realization of what was necessary. The outcurve may be pitched both with an underhand delivery and an overhand delivery. Spalding ' s Athletic Library 21 HOW TO PITCH AN INSHOOT By William Dineen There are but few pitchers who have ever been able to pitch what might be positively termed a real incurve. As a rule they are left-handers and what are best known in base ball as "phe- nomenal" pitchers. All pitchers can learn to throw an inshoot. To left-handers it is often the natural manner of delivering the ball. Grasp the ball with the first three ringers and the thumb. Hold it firmly. Speed is necessary for an inshoot. Keep the hand in an upright position. When the ball is released from the hand let it go over the tips of the fingers and use a lateral motion in delivering it. That is the only manner in which the ball can be made so to revolve on its axis as to acquire the proper direction. The ball must turn from right to left in such a manner as to deflect its course toward tht right corner of home plate. Do not become discouraged if you fail to see the ball positively change its course as it does in an outcurve. The mere fact that it constantly bears in toward a right-hand batter and away from a left-hand batter is all that is needed to make it successful. Prac- tice will succeed in giving a sharp break to the ball, which may not amount to mere than an inch or two, but is very effective when combined with good control, since it baffles the batter to meet it effectually with the full part of the bat. If it is easier to use all four fingers in trying to pitch an inshoot Spalding's Athletic Library. 2j do not be afraid to do so. The fact most to be kept in mind is, that a rapid motion is necessary to induce the ball to "bore in," and it is necessary that accuracy shall follow to make the inshoot tuccessful. If you can't get accuracy with three ringers, use all tour. H Spalding's Athletic Library. 25 W TO PITCH A DROP By Thomas Hughes When certain of a drop, a pitcher is in possession of one of the most valuable assets on the ball field. The manner of grasping the ball is identical with that employed in pitching an outcurve. The back of the hand must be parallel with the ground when the ball leaves it. It is the motion of pitching and the manner in which the ball is released that has more to do with bringing about the drop than anything else. The arm must be brought up high, and when over the shoulder at the maximum of the swing, the ball is to be released between the thumb and the first finger and the hand pulled back— try to learn to do it unconsciously— so that the ball is given a motion corresponding to that which is given to a bil liard ball when a draw shot is being attempted. In other words, the ball is to be pulled from under. This will counteract the rotary motion when the ball has reached a certain stage in its flight, and cause it to settle unexpectedly toward the earth, at the same time bearing to the left of the home plate if the pitcher be right-handed. Left-hand pitchers from the nature of their delivery, which is almost invariably attended with a long arm swing from the shoulder, pitch the drop ball more naturally than right-handers, but there are many right-hand pitchers who are among the most effective ot the drop ball pitchers. Spalding's Athletic Library. 27 Be sure that the arm is not jerked too suddenly and that the muscles in the shoulder feel perfectly free when the ball is de- livered. Otherwise in time the drop ball will kill the use of the arm for pitching purposes. As stated before, it is one of the most valuable assets that can be possessed by a pitcher, and at the same time it has ruined many a good pitcher because he obtained the drop at the sacrifice of his shoulder muscles which were cramped during delivery and after a while succumbed to the strain. * u Spalding's Athletic Library. sg CONCERNING THE BODY SWING By Christopher Mathewson Having learned to control the ball, and having mastered the rudiments of the curves, there is another matter to be considered that has been overlooked by young pitchers until recent years. In fact, it is only within two or three years that it has been given any study, and there is no question that if some of the "old-timers" had considered it more carefully they would have been far better off and unquestionably would have lasted longer in the box. This subject is that of the body swing. Beginning with the earliest days, pitchers undertook their task literally from the definition of the word, and were pitchers in reality, compelling the arm to do all the work. The earliest pitching delivery permissible under the rules may have rendered that partially necessary, but the demands made upon the pitcher now would quickly terminate the career of any young player who would trust to his arm and nothing more to be successful. No matter whether pitching an outcurve, an inshoot or a drop, remember that the body may be made to do at least two-thirds of the work. Don't think this statement an exaggeration, for it isn't. Every pitcher nowadays is rinding the truth contained in that asser- tion, and how seldom it is that you see a pitcher deliberately standing with both feet flat on the ground, merely drawing his arm back and throwing with all the force in his biceps, while his back and shoulder muscles are not called upon to meet their full share of ihe exertion. HOW BALL IS GRASPED FOR START OF THE "FADEAWAY. THE BALL LEAVING THE HAND AS IT GETS THE FINAL TWIST OF THE WRIST FOR THE "FADEAWAY." Spalding s Athletic Library. 31 When ready to deliver the ball to the batter, as the pitcher draws his arm up, he should bend his body in unison with the motion. For instance, suppose that you are going to pitch a drop ball and employ a long swing to do so. As your arm goes up and back, let your body bend from the centre backward. The moment that you have reached your proper poise — that position where your arm and hand are in correct alignment with the plate to give what you think will be the correct direction to the flight of the ball— come forward, not only with your arm, but with all the weight of your body. You will find that when you release the ball, your arm, after all, has done little but guide the ball, and that most of the speed was obtained by the tremendous force that was exercised by the muscles in your back and shoulder. All other curves and the straight ball call for the same treat- ment. Some pitchers seem to get extra speed by "winding up" their arms around their heads. Occasionally an additional snap may be gained by this practice, but it has been my experience that the real relief to the arm, and the actual power that is desir- able as a pitcher, are obtained by making the body do its just share of the work. Don't think that it will in any way effect good control. It is just as easy, or easier, to pitch with a body swing than it is with- out it, and the chances are that pitchers who rely upon speed more than anything else, will last much longer in the box if they divide the work so that the arm is not compelled tc bear the brunt of a task which belongs to the back and shoulders as well. 1, Chief Bender; 2, Jack Coombs. Conlon, Photo. THE TWO PITCHERS USED BY THE ATHLETICS IN THE WORLD'S SERIES. Spalding's Athletic Library. 33 LEARN TO STUDY THE BATTER By Charles F. Bender Too many young pitchers have the wrong impression that it is always dangerous to permit a batter to hit the ball, no matter what the style of the latter may be. As a result there is a ten- dency on the part of the pitcher to try to fool the batter with an array of curves, combined with speed, which will result in a strike out. Failing to do that, how often is the expression heard — with some accent of disgust— "if the pitcher had not tried to strike every man out, we might have done better." Beginners must bear in mind that batters differ just as much in their way of striking at the ball, as pitchers differ in their manner of delivering it, and it is the duty of every young player, who desires to succeed on the diamond, to learn by close observation how to distinguish between the different methods employed by the batters who face him during the progress of a season. Frequently, when teams of young players, who are just begin- ning to enjoy the most exciting element of base ball, that of journeying to different towns and villages to meet new rivals, are about to walk upon the field, the pitcher will be heard to say: "I don't know anything about these fellows. I guess that I will just put on a lot of speed, and hustle the ball across the plate as hard as I can, and trust to luck to keep them down." This is not the proper way to look at it. Of course the pitcher 34 Spalding's Athletic Library. may have luck. He may be an extraordinarily good pitcher for a beginner, and possibly no team would be able to do much against him of his particular class, but he is making himself a great deal of extra work which might be saved. In addition to that, if he is trusting blindly to his own brute strength, and not watching what the batters do, he is handicapping himself, for it is tolerably certain that the batters are watching him to ascertain if there is some weak point not discernible in his delivery. No two men swing at the ball alike. Generally speaking, batters may be divided into two great classes, those who are free hitters and those who are snap hitters. The free hitters use a long swing and usually a hard swing when they go after the ball, and if they hit it are likely to drive it to the length of the field. As a rule, they can hit both low and high balls with equal effectiveness if they happen to meet the ball squarely. The snap hitters employ the forearms fully as much or more than they do the shoulder muscles. They are not so powerful in batting low balls as they are those which come between the waist and shoulder. They are experts in pushing the ball either to right or left field, although almost all of them have a natural tendency to hit to one field or the other. The free hitters, as a rule, are fooled more by slow pitching than they are by speed. They almost invariably start their swing before the ball has come up to them, and if the pitcher studies them carefully he can usually time the ball so that when the bat Spalding's Athletic Library. 3 5 meets it a pop fly will result or a slow grounder to the infield, the batter being unable to restrain himself so that he can strike the ball with full force. Against hitters of this kind it is not only dangerous to use speed, but a waste of effort on the part of the pitcher. If speed is employed and the batter swings full on the ball as it approaches the plate he will meet it with the same force with which it is approaching him, and the result will be a hit landing somewhere out in the back field for two or three bases. On the other hand the snap hitters are bothered by speed, not so much because they cannot hit it, but because they find it much more difficult to place the ball when it is coming up to the plate full tilt. A slow ball will be easy for a man who does his batting by a short arm motion. He can deliberately swing it around to right field, if he is so inclined, or push it slowly down toward third base where it will be difficult for either the pitcher or the baseman to handle it. Young pitchers should be very careful about using speed to those batters who are inclined to walk in to the ball as it comes up to them. They will be apt to rap it squarely in the center, before the curve has a chance to break effectually, and will hit with such force that the infielders will find it almost out of the question to hold the ball even if it comes to them. On the other hand no hesitancy should be had in using speed against all batters who are inclined to step away from the plate. In the very short interval of time in which they change their 36 Spalding's Athletic Library. position, theywill have lost perfect sight of the ball, andanytmng with speed will whisk by them before they have time to pull themselves together, and even if they do hit the ball the chances are greater that it will be a weak effort than that it will do much damage. Whenever a batter shows any disposition to be afraid of the ball it is good policy on 'the part of the young pitcher to use speed and keep the ball on the outside corner of the plate. The timidity of the batter will cause him instinctively to draw back or pull away from the base, and the chances are that he will miss the ball altogether, or at the most not meet it hard enough to do any great damage. On the other hand, if the batter shows a fondness for walking into the ball, the more that it can be kept on the inside corner of the plate, the better, for the batter will be likely to strike it, if he meets it at all, on the handle of his bat, and not get it away from the infield. Young pitchers should also notice the attitude of the different batters who face him. The batter who stands almost at right angles to the plate, facing the pitcher, will be dangerous against any kind of a ball that is above the waist. The batter, who stands facing the plate, with his side toward the pitcher, will almost invariably meet anything low with terrific force, while it will bother him to swing hard on a high ball. Batters who grasp the bat some distance from the small end will not be bothered much by either a high or a low ball, meeting Spalding's Athletic Library. 37 timost anything with great accuracy. Varying curves will do more damage against them than change of pace. Batters who grasp the bat at the extreme small end, will meet with terrific force anything between the knee and the waist, and the pitcher should aim to keep the ball as high as possible, and over the corners of the plate, not taking any chances on balls Straight over the center. 1. Ford; 2, Hemphill; 3, Knight; 4, Austin. A GROUP OF NEW YORK AMERICANS. 1910. Conlon, Puoto. Spalding s Athletic Library. 39 THE ANGLE OF DELIVERY By Joseph McGinnity Pitching methods have all been changed since I became a pro- fessional. In one respect there has been a complete revolution in the last two years. It is due, of course, to the rule which compels a pitcher to keep one foot on a plate instead of permitting him to roam around in a box from which he can deliver the ball at will. In the old days when we had the box no pitcher was compelled to deliver the ball twice from the same place, if he felt inclined to shift from point to point. He had plenty of room in which he could exercise his ingenuity against the batters. It is different now with that little plate which occupies the centre of the diamond, and the pitchers have been compelled to evolve new methods to try to fool the batters. One of the most successful has been in changing the angle of delivery. Some times you hear it spoken of as " cross-fire." It is one of the best devices of which I know to fool even the heavy batters. There are some pitchers, even now, who seldom shift their position. They rely absolutely on curves and change of pace. Both are essential to success, but how much better they might succeed if they would only change from one side of the plate to the other. Suppose a batter to be at home plate. First, I might try him with an outcurve directly over the centre of the plate and pitched 40 Spalding's Athletic Library. squarely from my position. He fails to strike at it. The next time I will step to the right as I deliver the ball, pitching the same curve, but at such a slant that it will carry wide of the plate. To the batter it appears as if the ball were coming just as it did before, and I fool him into striking at the ball, with a small chance of hitting it safely, even if he is successful in touching it. In somewhat similar fashion I can use the "cross-fire" against a right-hand batter by stepping to the left of the pitcher's plate and throwing a perfectly straight' ball so that it will ''bore in" toward the inside corner of home plate. Even if the batter notes that the ball tends in that direction the chances are that he cannot make up his mind that it is not going to be a good ball to hit, with the result that, if he meets it. he strikes it well up on the handle of the bat, and is lucky if he makes a hit that goes out of the mfield. I should advise all young pitchers constantly to keep in mind the success that may be attended by careful employment of the "cross-fire." Remember that in using it possibly it will not be necessary to employ a curve. Study your batter carefully. Note whether his tendency is to step into the ball or step away from it, and shift your position to correspond with his weakness. You will be surprised to find that "cross-fire" with nothing but a straight ball will do more to baffle some batters than all the curves that can be pitched to them. They do not seem to be able to measure the angle at which you deliver the ball, and never meet it effectively enough to worry you in the least. Spalding's Athletic Library. 41 HOW TO PITCH THE RAISE BALL By Joseph McGinnity There have not been to exceed half a dozen professional pitchers who were ever really successful with the raise ball There is but one who was known to pitch what was asserted by competent base ball authority to be a positive upshoot. He was Rhines, of Cincinnati. Like the drop ball, the raise ball is a product, more of the style of delivery, than because of any peculiar motion given to it. It is the heritage of the old days of underhand pitching — when no curves were known — combined with the outcurve of the present day. Grasp the ball exactly as if about to pitch an outcurve. In- stead of swinging the hand over the shoulder, drop the arm and let the ball be delivered from any angle in the vicinity of the knee. If you can start it lower than the knee, and with accuracy, so much the more effective the raise is likely to be. It is not necessary to use speed. In fact, lack of speed with good control, are far bette/, for it is one of the most difficult de* liveries of all for tfie batter :o guage since he can see the ball floating to him all the way, and yet finds it almost out of the question to estimate its speed so that he can hit it effectively. Ninety-five times out of one hundred he will hit underneath it and merely lift it into the air for an easy chance to the fielders. i/IORDECAI BROWN, THE FAMOUS "THREE-FINGERED 1 PITCHER OF THE CHICAGO NATIONALS. Spalding s Athletic Library. 43 KEEP YOUR EYE ON THE PLATE By Mordecai Brown "Keep your eye on the plate" may sound a great deal like superfluous advice. Some of the young ball players who read this article may feel like asking me whether that is intended for a joke, or to restrain any impulse that they may have to pay attention to details of the game other than those which concern them. It is neither a joke nor is it semi-humorous advice. If you have ever attempted to throw a missile at a fixed target you may have noticed that if you kept your eye on the tarkct while throwing, your aim was better than if you permitted your at- tention first to be given to the target, back to the missile and again to the target. The principle is the same as that of the axeman in the forest. When he is chopping down a tree, or hewing a log into rails, he does not watch the blade of the axe as it descends, but his eye is on the point into which he intends to chop. Were he to permit his eye to turn, first to the axe and then to the log, and perhaps back again to the axe, the chances are good that he would wound his foot, or his leg, before he had finished with his task. He centers his observation on the object which he desires to hit with the blade of the axe. He may not once take it away from this point during the time that he is making stroke after 44 Spalding's Athletic Library. stroke into the wood before him, and so expert does he become that he can place the axe blade time after time within the frac- tion of an inch of the point at which he aims. This theory applies to successful pitching. The pitcher must make the plate his target. As he becomes more expert he will be able to select some particular point of the plate to which he wishes to force the ball. If he keeps his eye on this point, while he is in the act of delivering the ball, and does not permit his attention to wander, first to the batsman, then to the catcher, from there to the stand, and back again to the objective point of his delivery, he will find that he can pitch with more confi- dence and with more accuracy than possible under any other conditions. P have seen young pitchers who were making their advent on the diamond, try to cope with the batters of a team, and seem- ingly forget that it was more to the purpose to keep the ball hovering over the plate all the time, than it was to try to throw experimental curves with which they expected to fool the batter, and yet had little or no conviction as to whether the ball would carry on the line for which they had intended it. Instead of having a definite point in view for the placing of the ball, they seemed imbued only with the notion of getting the ball in motion toward the batter, trusting that it would carry within the radius for whence they had designed it. That kind of pitching is seldom likely to be successful. It is too apt to result in bases on balls, and ^ases on balls are as Sfralding s Athletic Library. 45 disastrous to pitchers as base hits. Any lack of skill, which permits a batter to reach first base, is as much a detriment to the pitcher as possible inability on the part of the pitcher to deceive the batter. Bases on balls mean simply that the work of the defending team is increased in proportion as men are given a base-running- life. The more players there are on bases the greater the work that is entailed on the fielding team to prevent the side from scoring runs. This is so obvious that beginners must be able to perceive its truth. When a pitcher is in position and is ready to deliver the ball, instead of looking at his hand, to see whether he has grasped it in exactly the position that he wishes, and keeping his eye on ground in front of him, or even on his hand as he draws the ball back to deliver it — and I have seen young pitchers do that — he should be looking straight at the plate, having selected that point where he expects that the ball will either cross the plate or come so close to it that the batter will be deceived into striking at it. All motions which relate to pitching should be as nearly in- voluntary as they can be made. The pitcher should learn to tell by the feeling of the ball in his fingers that he has it in the right position, without being compelled to take his eye away from the plate to note whether he grasps the ball correctly. 46 Spalding's Athletic Library. HOW TO MAKE A BATTER DO WHAT YOU WANT HIM TO DO By Albert Orth, the "Curveless Wonder" If every pitcher were able to make every batter do exactly what he desired him to do, there would be not much hard work for the fielders. No pitcher can play the whole game, but it is surprising how much can be done by the pitcher to keep batters under control. To learn how to do it, study your batters. For example, you may notice that a certain batter has a tendency to hit over the ball when it comes low. Keep the ball low all the time. Don't pitch him a high one for the chances are that he will meet it full. His natural swing is about at a certain angle over the plate, and while he may deviate occasionally the odds are in your favor that his bat will fall into the same place most of the time. If you keep the ball where he is bound to hit under it, he will bat into the air, where it is much easier for the fielders to make their plays than if he hits it on the ground. Keep the ball high on all batters as a rule when they are trying to sacrifice. In the first place, it is harder for them to meet the ball effectively, and secondly, they are seldom able to place it. A skillful bunter will place a low ball either toward first, or third, where it is almost out of the question to get it to the base in time to retire him. Some batters have a tendency to step toward the plate when they hit the ball. Keep it close to them all the time. If you pitch on the outside corner of the plate they will meet it squarely and with Spalding ' s Athletic Library. 47 their full swing. That means base hits and worse. The more you make it essential for them to meet the ball on the handle ot the bat, the more you destroy their efficiency as good batters. Other batters are inclined to draw away from the plate. Keep the ball out for them. If they hit it, the end of the bat is likely to be the point of contact, and there is seldom much force on a hit by the extreme end of the bat, especially if the batter happens to be a man with a long swing. Outcurves always bother bat- ters of this description, who are seldom able to gauge accurately the point where the curve is likely to break, and frequently swing in such a ridiculously ineffective manner as to bring forth laughter from the spectators. If a batter is fast on his feet and apt to beat out hits by chopping the ball down to the ground, keep it below his waist, where the distance from the bat to the earth is so small that the ball does not get a chance to rebound high in the air. In general, all batters who have a free swing should be worked liberally on the extreme corners. Don't give them the ball over the plate unless absolutely compelled to do so. Batters who are inclined to place the ball should be served with curves exactly on the opposite side of the plate to that part of the field to which it is most natural for them to hit. A batter who is a good waiter should not be trifled with. Don't pitch a ball that is not intended to reach some part of the plate. Be master over him from the start, and don't let him get on even verms with you if it is possible to prevent it. EDWARD WALSH OF THE CHICAGO WHITE SOX, THE MOST PROMI NENT EXPONENT OF THE "SPIT BALL" DELIVERY IN THE MAJOR LEAGUES. Spalding's Athletic Library. 49 STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE NEEDED J BYA PITCHER By Edward Walsh If I were a young player, to do all over again what I have done in professional Base Ball, I believe that I should pursue about the same course that I have since I have been connected with paid leagues. Not that I have not gained by experience, but I am satisfied that I was better equipped to pitch than to do anything else in the national game, and, therefore, it has not been an unprofitable experience for me. Many young players have asked my advice within the last year or two, or have sought to gain some information which they hoped might assist them in entering the game as profes- sionals. I have met several who were anxious to be pitchers. As a rule that seems to be the ambition of at least one-third of the young players. They reach out in that direction because they believe there is more to be made in the position of pitcher than there is to be made as a player in the field or on the bases. Without exception I have suggested to the young men who are interested in becoming the future professional experts of the United States, that it would be better for them first to consider whether they felt that they were capable of going through the physical strain every third day to which a pitcher is now sub- jected. Any young player whose arm is weak, or who cannot stand 5o Spalding's Athletic Library. the exertion of at least two good games in one week, should make up his mind that pitching, either in a professional or an amateur capacity, is likely to be too much for him. The increased distance at which the pitcher is compelled to throw the ball, and which is likely to remain the same for years to come, is very trying on the muscles of the pitching arm. Now and then there is a pitcher of light weight who is fairly suc- cessful in the pennant races of the greater importance, but if the ranks of ball players be thoroughly reviewed it will be dis- covered that the enduring pitchers of the present time are those who are possessed of the greatest amount of physical strength and the largest amount of reserve energy, in the way of bodily endurance. All this is essential to the possession of correct information in regard to pitching successfully. It would be foolish for a player who is not endowed by nature with the proper physique to be successful in the pitcher's box, to throw his time away trying to master curves which will not break right for him, un- less he can force the ball to the plate with perfect assurance that he knows how it will arrive for the batter. Another argument against trying to be a successful pitcher, without having the physical power to become one, is that the man who is not fitted for the part by nature will be unable to hold his own through a game of nine innings, and even if he is fairly successful at the start, will fail toward the finish and see the good that he has accomplished fade away little by little as the bats of the opposing team begin their work. Spalding's Athletic Library. 51 There is only one real essential to the ''spit ball," so called. That is speed and the strength behind it to make it speedy. I use it a great deal in my work and I have used it ever since I have been a professional. When I first began to pitch my control was not the best in the world, but I did what older pitchers advised me to do, worked hard every day to obtain control. While it is true that the "spit ball" to a certain extent is out- side the pale of control, owing to the erratic manner in which it occasionally twists, it is also true that you can have a definite idea as to what you wish to try to accomplish with it, and that, if you hold the ball in certain positions it will probably follow your general desire, although it may make some sharp and un- expected break which shall fool the catcher as much as it does the batter. To accomplish this you must have strength in your arm. No pitcher with a failing arm, or with an arm which cannot stand the strain of a high overhand delivery, releasing the ball at full speed with all the strength in the shouler, can hope to do much with an effort of this kind. If a pitcher lacks in physical strength to some extent, and still has endurance and the ability to curve the ball well and also retains good command of it, he is likely to meet with suc- cess for a time, although batters will generally be able to hit him for a rally better than they will the pitcher with strength and the sweeping delivery. It must not be forgotten that the fewer times which the 52 Spalding's Athletic Library. pitcher uses in throwing the ball to the plate are a matter of economy with him. If a pitcher can win with 150 balls and strikes against 200 he has saved just that much wear and tear on his arm. Some pitchers seem to forget this. Others are heedless in regard to it. Some pitchers throw the ball to the batter to try to tempt him to strike at impossible curves. Not satisfied with one experiment, they are likely to experiment two or three times, and it is so much waste of physical effort. Young pitchers should never forget that fact. It is a good idea not to work any harder in a Base Ball game than you are compelled to work. If 1 can save myself from pitching 400 or 500 balls and strikes during half a season, I believe that I am just that much better off, and that I shall have a year or two added to my Base Ball career simply because I have not blindly thrown away the good that was in my arm. Spalding's Athletic Library. 53 IA/HAT PRACTICE MAY DO FOR A TV BEGINNER By Harry Coveleskie Had it not been for the fact that I was careful to observe the directions which were given me when I was sent from the Phila- delphia National League club in 1908 to join the Lancaster, Pa., club of the Tri-State League, it is possible that I would not have been able to pitch three winning games against the New York Nationals in the fall of 1908, and thereby make it possible for the Chicagos to win the championship. Had I lost one of those three games the New Yorks would have won the championship by the margin of one contest. I do not claim all the credit of winning them or even one-half of the credit. Far from that. Had it not been lor the good sup- port which was accorded to me by the other Philadelphia players, I would not have been able to hold the Giants down so well. What I desire to tell the beginners in 3ase Ball is that I was able to succeed against one of the best teams of the year be- cause, during a long absence in minor league company, I had tried faithfully to follow the injunctions which were given to me when I left the Philadelphia National League club in the spring, and the fact that I was successful should encourage all young ball players to try, and continue trying, so. that they do so in the right way. The New Yorks played against me in Philadelphia in the spring of the year. I think it was the second game of the first series. In any event I lost the game by the score of 14 to I. MATHEWSON (NEW YORK NATIONALS) PREPARING FOR A TPEEDY INSHOOT OR A "FADE AWAY." HE USES THE SAME MOTION FOR BOTH. Spalding s Athletic Library. 55 I was wild and slow in the box, and the Giants ran bases at will and laughed at me as they ran from one base to another. I had not expected to be immediately successful in major league company, and I had never played against men who were so fast or who dared to do so much, and 1 became more and more confused. 1 was not surprised when I was told by the manager of the team that I needed a little more training before I was fit for fast company. To tell the truth. I felt that way myself. If all the clubs of the National League were like the New Yorks, I realized that I should not be able to make much headway against them with the little experience which I had received in major league Base Ball. So I went to Lancaster with the parting words of the Phila- delphia manager ringing in my ears. "You need work," said he.. "Work and lots of it. You have no control, and you are too slow in your pitching motion. The base runners can start ten feet on you. Here you are. a left-hand pitcher, and yet you take long enough to throw to first base to be a right-hand pitcher. You are heavy on your feet. Learn to start quickly and to shift your position quickly. But get over that wildness, whatever you do. You can't get along against the great batters unless you have control of the ball. You must keep it on the plate all the time if you expect to make them bat at it. Men with batting averages of .280 and over are not going to make the slightest motion to strike at the curves which you pitch unless you can get them within at least two inches of the plate. t,f Spalding s Athletic Library. You can't fool them with curves which break long before they are up to the batter's box. Work all this out, and by the end of the season you may be good enough to get back to Phila- delphia and finish with us, after the summer has wound up for the Tri-State League.'' I thought it all over when I was going to Lancaster and I made up my mind that I would go in and pitch as often as I had a chance, and that when I was not pitching I would be out on the field, trying to overcome in practice the faults which had marked my advent in a major league. The first game in which I pitched in a minor league was not much better than the first in which I had taken part in a major league, but I had not settled to work. The first thing that I made up my mind to do was to try to get control of the ball. It didn't take me long to see that I would not be much of a success in professional Base Ball if I was going to send the batters in a procession to first base. I decided that one way to help me in obtaining control was, for a little while, to give up trying to throw a curve ball and confine my attention to putting straight balls over an imaginary plate at a height which would be called for by the catcher. It was a good method. Hour after hour I threw the ball at the plate without making much effort to use speed and making no effort to grip the ball for a curve. Patience and persistence won out for me. The first thing that I knew I could pitch the ball at almost any height and on either corner of the plate as the catcher would call for it. Then, Spalding' s Athletic Library. 57 to my delight, I discovered that it was quite as easy for me to pitch a curve ball with good control as it was a straight ball. In other words, the practice which I had undergone made me perfect in the very thing that I wanted to do. My arm had become so accustomed to the correct swing for the plate, that I did not bother to change it to pitch a curve ball, merely shift- ing the position of my fingers to pitch whatever curve I desired to use. It is evident, therefore, that a great deal of the trouble which young pitchers haw is due to the fact that they have not tried to work enough before they make the effort to pitch in profes- sional ball games. It is folly for a young pitcher to believe that merely because he can' throw a curve ball, which breaks to one side or the other at a phenomenal distance, he is ready for a major league, or even for a strong minor league. The curve is good for nothing unless the pitcher knows about where it is likely to pass the plate or cross over it. Owing to the success of most of the pitchers who are strong enough to use speed, I made up my mind that I would culti- vate, so far as possible, the ability to pitch my fastest straight ball at shoulder height and close to the inside of the plate. While most of the best batters step into the ball to meet it, a pitcher who has a delivery of this kind is bound to be success- ful, because it is out of the question for a batter to push the ball far if he steps forward and hits a speedy inshoot, or even a speedy straight ball, on the handle of his bat. • I think that this is a good style of delivery to cultivate. If 5o Spalding 's Athletic Library. you cannot fool the batter with it all the time you are likely to bother him when he has two strikes. He will almost always offer at the ball, if he has lost two strikes, when he sees one coming about which he is uncertain as to the exact height, and quite certain as to the probability that it will pass over the rubber. In the games against the New York players I used this a great deal. I found that it was difficult to fool the New Yorks with curves and that, as they were strong hitters, most of them, they would take chances whenever they saw approaching what ap- peared to be a straight ball at speed. I will admit that they batted hard in the last game in which I pitched against them, and but for the over-anxiety of the visitors, and the fact that I received great support in the de- cisive inning, that one game might have been against me. It was the over-anxiety on the part of the New Yorks that was their undoing. Frankly I was just as nervous as the batters, but the catcher continued to give me signals for the high fast ones and the New York players swung on them hard and for all they were worth, but if anything I was speeding the ball a little faster than I had been, so that the batters were not meeting it quite full. They had not actually gauged the speed at which the ball had traveled. All this was the result of the summer's work with the Lan- caster club. When I rejoined the Philadelphias it was with a record much better than the manager of the Philadelphia club had expected when I left him in the spring. Spalding s Athletic Library. 59 I worked out for him on the field at Philadelphia. "You will do to try against New York," said he. "We need a left-hander to fool those fellows after we give them a dose of our good right-handers. If you don't last we can at least start the game for them and make it as hard as possible." I have been told that the Philadelphias did not expect to win with me in the box, so much as they did with their star right-handers, which shows how difficult it i^ to forecast success on the ball field. I was never over-confident of beating the New York team, but 1 knew after the first game that I pitched against them that the only way to deal with them was to make them bat at the ball, and trust to pitch it to some point where they could meet it with the least effectiveness. I had acquired my ability to do that by my hard work in the summer. It pays to work. I use no special motion for any curve that I pitch. I vary the curve by the manner in which I hold the ball in my hand and the force that I exercise in pitching it. I do most of my work with a free arm motion, which I believe to be the best for a left-hand pitcher. I would advise all young ball players not to cramp their arm under any condition, in order to pitch some kind of a curve with a side arm delivery, for in the long run it will twist the shoulde r muscles in knots and put an end to speed and endurance. No young pitcher should ever give up because he is unlucky enough not to make a hit the first time. Keep at it, and work. It's better than all the prescriptions which I have had given to me. go Spalding's Athletic Library, CARE OF THE ARM By Frank Dwyer Former Pitcher for the Cincinnati! Many a young pitcher of promise, destined, perhaps, to be a star, has had a career of long usefulness ruined by lack of proper care of his pitching arm. It is the most valuable asset which any pitcher possesses, and to be the least neglectful of it invites a quick termination to its usefulness. At the first indication of soreness of the muscles the arm should be given a rest. The mute warning, thus signaled, indi- cates at once a strain, and to augment the strain by continuing hard work is like laughing in the face of Providence. Some pitchers, especially those who are just beginning, are in- clined to treat a little throb of pain now and then as a trifling matter, which will speedily adjust itself, and there are some who are foolhardy enough to continue hard work on the theory that plenty of activity is a better remedy than a little idleness. In other words, they believe that it is possible to work the soreness out without ultimately affecting their usefulness in their new vocation. My experience has been that pitchers who are reckless enough to do anything of the kind pave the way for a breakdown which makes itself manifest long before the average period at which •II arms cease to become useful, for we know that there is a limit to human endurance, and that to every pitcher there must Spalding's Athletic Library, g x vOme a day .vhen he is forced sadly to admit that he is no longer as formidable in the box as he was in the days of his prime. Therefore, when the first twinge comes, as a pitcher raise* his arm to its full height to deliver the ball, my advice is to begin treatment at once and to continue it until the soreness hat entirely abated. I believe fully in keeping the arm protected against cold winds and drafts, especially when it is being used. The pitcher who neglects to throw a sweater or a flannel jacket over his shoulder in the early days of spring, when the weather is inclined to be unsettled, or in the bleak autumn afternoons, when the wind is laden with rheumatism and other ailments that are signally dis- astrous to the muscles, omits a little care that might be worth many a dollar. Some, I know, think it babyish to affect anything of the kind, but how absurd a position to take when the fact of keeping the arm in proper condition is nothing less than taking good care of a bank account. Suppose a pitcher to be the owner of a healthy arm that should command an average salary for him of $3,000 a year for ten years. The total of $30,000 received for that period of active serv- ice in the box represents the interest on $100,000 at three per cent, per annum. Isn't a $100,000 arm worth looking out for? My advice to young players is not to use the many nostrums which are sold to take soreness out of an arm. Too often they are composed of harmful drugs which do more hurt than good. Tn my experience there have been at least three or four capital 62 Spalding's Athletic Library, players ruined for life as pitchers because they fairly bathed their pitching arms with liniment that would have taken the hair off a horse's hide. Human flesh never was intended to be burned with that sort of stuff. Those who used it braced up temporarily and related with en- thusiasm how much better they felt because their "arm was warm- ing up." It might stay "warmed up" for a little time, and during that period the pitcher might be able to use it with some of his old effectiveness, but when the effects of the powerful lotions began to wear off the arm gradually grew weaker than ever, and when the player was again forced to resort to his "warming up" liniment he found that it was no longer strong enough to help him and that he must seek something stronger or give up the pitching end of the sport. Warm water and witch hazel, as mild as they may seem to some, are really two excellent things for a sore arm. Witch hazel or hammamelis, which is much the same thing, are in- valuable to take soreness out of the muscles, and while doing so impart a freshness and a suppleness to strained tendons which is particularly gratifying. Warm water is weakening, but only temporarily so. If a pitcher will lie in a bath tub keeping his strained arm in the water, which must not be heated too much, he will find himself greatly refreshed after the experiment, al- though he must not think of using the arm under any considera- tion for at least three or four days, and then should begin to .resume work very gradually. Spalding's Athletic Library. 63 Massage, of course, is one of the grandest things in the world lor any pitching arm. It is a benefit even when there is no indication of strain. It tones up the muscles, causes the blood to circulate freely in the parts which meet the brunt of the hard work, and, more than anything else, prevents stiffening of ihe shoulder and arm muscles. Some of our most successful professional pitchers depend regu- larly upon the club trainer to take their arm in charge after they have gone through a hard game, and it receives a thorough knead- ing until all indication of weariness has gone. I have often noticed young pitchers in amateur and semi- professional games, who, after delivering the ball, permitted their pitching arm to drop and hang languidly at their side. I always feel like walking on the field and telling that pitcher to stop where he is and not throw another ball until he has given his arm a complete rest. The mere fact that the arm shows limpness tells plainly that it has had enough and that it wants a little chance to recuperate. Young pitchers who are trying to use curves or who are mak- ing an effort to throw a drop ball should be careful not to jerk the arm from the shoulder. Get the ball away with the help of the body and not solely by the force of the arm. That jerking motion may sometimes result in a wider curve, or a quicker and more deceiving drop, but it is tearing away at the ligaments in the shoulder, and when they have lost their usefulness there is no reu:edy on earth which ever will put that arm in pitching condition again. 64 Spalding's Athletic Library, It is well to wear flannel over the shoulder of the pitching arm in summer as well as in winter. That member of the body becomes /ery sensitive to changes of temperature after it has been used a while and a little draught, scarcely noticeable at the time, may chill the muscles so thoroughly, if there is no pro- tection for them, that the arm will be ruined for a season. I can recall a case of a pitcher on the Cincinnati team who practically went out of business for a year because he happened to sit one evening on one of the hilltop resorts in that city while a moder- ately cool wind was blowing from the north. It had been very hot all the day, and he threw his coat back to get full enjoyment of the breeze. The next morning at practice he began to feel a little soreness in his arm and by night it had stiffened so much that he was compelled to go to a physician, and before he got through the club had been without his services for many weeks. It was only a little thing. He simply didn't think, but see how costly it was. On the other hand do not go to an extreme and baby the pitching arm by wrapping around it many thicknesses of flannel when it is not being used. I have seen pitchers do that. Only one thing could be expected to happen and it did. The bandages weakened the muscles instead of doing them good, and the pitchers passed out of professional life before they should had they exer- cised better judgment in taking care of what nature had origin- ally bestowed upon them. Spalding's Athletic Library. t>$ THE PITCHER AS A FIELDER By George Wiltse Professional base ball and amateur base ball have changed greatly within the last three or four years in regard to the rela- tion which the pitcher bears to the other infielders. Once there was what might be called an implied theory that all the pitcher had to do was to deliver the ball. Of course if a batted ball came his way where he could easily handle it he was expected to take care of it, but in the main there was less activity on his part than there is now where the pitcher has come to be one of the mainstays of the infield. This is due, of course, to the changed system of ball playing, brought about by the batters who are up to all sorts of tricks and who do not confine their intention solely to efforts to knock the ball out of the lot. Every battti of pretension at the present time knows how to bunt. There is only one man on the field, outside of the catcher, who is always in a position to handle bunts properly. That man is the pitcher. He must be quick, alert, an accurate thrower, and able to deliver the ball so that he will not be anchored in the box after he is through with the act of pitching. But my purpose is not so much to define what a pitcher should do to take care of bunts properly, as to show how important he becomes in other plays of the present base ball era. Where base stealing has grown to its presen f importance ifl GEORGE WILTSE OF THE NEW YORK NATIONALS, WHO PITCHED A 10-INNING NO-HIT GAME AGAINST PHILA- DELPHIA. JULY 4. 1908. Spalding's Athletic Library. 67 ball playing, the pitcher has become the factor in a play which is often very successful in preventing an attempt to score from third when a man on first essays to steal second. Catchers, with a deceptive motion, which makes it appear that they are about to throw the ball to second base now throw directly *to the pitcher, deceiving the runner on third so that he starts for home, which is the intent of the catcher. The pitcher must so conduct himself in the box that he does not give the man on third any warning of the play. At the same time he must be in position to catch the ball when it is thrown to him by the catcher— and often it comes very fast— and be ready to throw home or to third immediately. The play can only suc- ceed by speed on the part of all who handle the ball. Fre- quently I have seen it utterly spoiled because the pitcher was off his balance or had forgotten the part he was expected to take. I would advise all young pitchers to experiment with the catcher until they are certain that they can handle the ball prop- erly. The moment that they receive it they have the key to the whole situation. If the man on third is afraid to venture home, it is often possible by a quick throw to get the player trying for second, and twice within my observation, as I recall some games of the past, I have seen the second baseman not only touch the man out who was trying for second, but throw with such ac- curacy to the plate that he caught the runner from third, who had made an effort to score after he saw the ball going to second The pitcher of the present day has also to learn in a measure 68 Spalding's Athletic Library, to be a first baseman. There are some bunt hits which are better handled by the first baseman than by the pitcher, but it is the duty of the pitcher to get over to first and cover the base. The ball may come to him decidedly awkward, so he should learn to adapt himself to the possibility of catching it in all kinds cf positions. Frequently hits are made to short right field which ate handled by the first baseman, and the pitcher having no time to stop at first as he comes from his position on the run, must catch the ball on the fly as he crosses the base. This play, when properly executed, is one of the prettiest on the diamond, yet there are professional pitchers who spoil it time and again, simply because they make no attempt to practice the catch. Some pitchers, too,, are heedless about touching the base and run over it or to one side of it and lose an opportunity to retire the batter. Another point is essential now to good work on the part of the pitcher. That is backing up first base on throws by the infielders e It is one of the most exasperating faults in a game to see a pitcher stand in the center of the diamond, when the shortstop, for instance, makes a wild throw, and watch the ball roll to the bleachers, permitting the batter to get to third, when by properly playing his position he would have been behind first base, and at least might have kept the runner on second if he did not prevent him from traveling further than first. The pitcher is also a direct aid to the third baseman. There are batters who will try to chop down short hits toward third Spalding's Athletic Library, 69 .when a man is on second. They ctesire to draw the third baseman to the centre of the field so as to leave the base unprotected and assist the runner to reach it in safety. If a pitcher has thoroughly studied the fine points of the game he will know that it is his business to look out for hits of that kind and by being on the jump he may be able to reach the ball with one hand, permitting the third baseman to hurry back to the bag, and possibly be able to catch the runner if he makes the attempt to leave second. When more than one man is on the bases and an outfielder catches a fly ball it is often advisable to return it to the pitcher at the centre of the diamond instead of throwing home to prevent a run being made. The pitcher should place himself advan- tageously so that he can get a runner trying for third or second. That play has been used to great advantage both in the National and American leagues and should prove very efficacious in ama- teur games where the fly hits seldom travel the distance that they do in professional base ball. Summarized from what I have said above it must be evident to every young player that the pitcher is no longer a pitching cipher only. He is as much a fielding part of the game as some of the men who are doing their best to support him and help him to win his game. 70 Spalding's Athletic Library. w ORK WITH THE CATCHER By Frank Bowerman After a young pitcher has succeeded in mastering his curves well so that he has obtained good control of the ball he finds him- self ready for active work on the diamond, He is confronting a new proposition and to succeed as he desires he should learn to co-operate readily with his catcher. Between them they have much of the game in hand, and if complete harmony does not exist many misplays occur, any one of which is likely to cost a victory, since the slightest mistake in base ball often changes the outcome of a contest. My experience has taught me that the catcher in a measure should be allowed to handle the game. True, the pitcher may have good knowledge of the weaknesses of the batters, and in some respects it may surpass that of the catcher, but he is not always in as good a position to see what is going on as the catcher. The man behind the bat has his eyes on the whole field, He knows exactly where the infielders are stationed and the out- fielders. For a particular reason they may be playing a little out of their positions. The pitcher cannot alwaye see that. Further- more, if there are runners on the bases the catcher knows how far they are leading off for a possible steal, and may be aware of some trick play that they are likely to attempt, This ss out of the vision of the pitcher, who can see little but the batter and catcher who confront him, Spalding's Athletic Library. 71 There should be a perfect system of signals which the pitcher can understand immediately without asking for a repetition. A little hesitancy may give the batter an inkling of what is coming and he will be ready for it. It is unnecessary to outline any particular code of signs here, for there are a thousand and one variations of the position behind the bat, or of the position of the fingers of the ungloved hand, or in a certain way of returning the ball to the pitcher, any of which can be read as easily as the alphabet if pitcher and catcher have perfected themselves in their code. Occasions may happen when the pitcher will disagree with the catcher as to the kind of ball to be thrown. I am not in favor of the pitcher shaking his head negatively to show that he will use something else. It gives too much information to the batter and in addition to that it imparts knowledge to the coachers. They will not be slow to take advantage of it and will renew their efforts to make life as unpleasant as possible for the bat- tery which is at work. If the pitcher prefers to use a drop, when he has been signaled to pitch an outcurve, he should be in possession of a sign of some kind which will show the catcher at once what he intends to do, without presenting the side at bat with that much valuable knowledge. A pitcher who is inclined to be headstrong and use his own judgment constantly against that of the man who is behind the bat, will soon have the catcher completely upset and the result of a crossed sign may be a wild pitch which scores the deciding run of a game. 72 Spalding's Athletic Library. The pitcher should also be on the qui vivc to throw the ball to the bases to catch runners napping. The matter of when to throw he should leave solely to the catcher. If he bothers too much with the base runners himself he is likely to lose control of the ball, and present the batter with a base on balls, which is almost the equivalent of a base hit at times. A good pitcher, a right hand pitcher, of course, may stand with his back to first base, and by studying the information given to him by the catcher, may be able to wheel suddenly and throw accurately enough to find the unwary runner so far away from the bag that it is the simplest thing in the world to touch him out. Once let a pitcher have that reputation well established and runners will quickly learn not to take hazardous risks. The expression is often heard that Smith and Jones, as pitcher and catcher, work like a clock. Jt is due absolutely to the fact that a thorough understanding exists between both men as to every detail of the game in which they are participants. Instead of playing their parts individually, and at cross purposes, they are one, and batters soon appreciate that they are meeting a com- bination which will require all their best efforts to circumvent. It seems to me, in my observation of the games 'between young players, that a great deal is often lost by the unwillingness of the pitcher to subordinate himself to the catcher, especially if it happens to be a pitcher who is one of the strike-out kind. Spalding's Athletic Library. 73 CHANGE OF PACE By Frank Sparks I should advise every young pitcher to know how to put a slow ball over the plate as well as how to pitch speed. Most pitchers are accurate when they use speed. They accustom themselves to it. If they cannot alternate speed with a slow delivery once in a while, they become easy for the batters, who are better able to reckon the velocity of the ball every time that it comes toward them. It is not essential that the slow ball should be a curve. Some seem to cling to .hat opinion, but I have frequently demonstrated to my own satisfaction that as much is to be gained by pitching a straight slow ball as one with a curve. The main thing is to catch the batter napping. Be sure that the same motion is used in pitching a slow ball as a fast one, and the batter is quite certain to be fooled when they are judiciously alternated. Every batter cannot help but take partially into account the swing of the pitcher when he begins to estimate the direction and the impetus of the ball as it approaches him. If the pitcher em- ploys the same motion for both speed and slow ones, the batter has begun to figure on the swing almost before the ball has left the pitcher's hand. If he sees the ball coming toward him at an angle where he thinks he can hit, he will have started to make his swing in time with that of the pitcher, and if it be a slow ball the chances are that he will miss it altogether 74 Spalding's Athletic Library. O THE LEFT-HANDERS T By Frank Hahn All left-hand pitchers, of which I am one, have the reputation of being erratic and unreliable. As one manager said to me once: "Most of you fellows either make us feel that we have the com- ing champions or cause us to believe you are worth not more than thirty cents of counterfeit money." I suppose that left-handers will have to plead guilty, in a measure, since it is the history of base ball that they are less re- liable as a rule than the right-handers. When a left-hand pitcher is good, however, he more than makes up for two or three mediocre right-handers, so there is a little something coming to those who pitch with what some one jokingly termed the " southpaw." One reason why left-hand pitchers are more unreliable than right-handers is that they throw with a natural curve which is not easy to control. Watch an outfielder or an infielder, who is left-handed, and it will be observed that it is very seldom he throws the ball without a pronounced curve. Some are so bad that they have to make allowance for their tendency to eurve the ball when they throw to bases. Otherwise they would never get a player out. When a left-hander tries to pitch he endeavors to increase his natural ability to curve, and the result is that he loses control of the ball. Furthermore, when a left-hand thrower, who becomes Spalding's Athletic Library. 75 a pitcher, essays to put speed into a ball for a short distance, he is often astonished by an ability to curve which he did not know he possessed. I have thrown curves to a batter which surprised me, just as much as the catcher, by their width. The natural outcurve for the left-hand pitcher is the acquired inshoot of the right-hander. I have never been able to ascertain why this curve should come to a left-hand thrower almost with- out practice, when perhaps ninety per cent, of right hand throwers are scarcely able to curve the ball an inch. It is a fact, however, that is indisputable, and would lead one to believe that all left-hand throwers, as a rule, should make good pitchers. Still with this natural qualification, with which to begin, the left-handers seem to lack stability when they get the ball in their hands as pitchers. It is my experience that nothing will help a left-hand pitcher so much as practice, and plenty of it. In view of the fact that it is so natural for a left-hand pitcher to curve the ball, my judgment is that left-hand throwers should practice controlling the curve and not worry so much about the straight ball. If they do not follow this theory when they are in a game, they will find that the ball is getting away from them as I have cited above. A left-hand pitcher has an advantage in throwing a drop ball by reason of the fact that it is more natural for him to pitch over his shoulder than it is for a right-hander to do so. Physicians tell me that the arrangement of the body muscles has something to do with it. 70 spalding^s sicnletic Library T HE "SPIT BALL" By John Chesbro The "spit ball" simply consists in moistening one side of the ball with saliva and throwing it so that it leaves the ends of the fingers with much the same arm motions as are em- ployed for the different curves. That it will break contrary to the curve intended, I do not believe. Sometimes it leaves the hand with such speed that it curves little, or not at all, and fools both batter and catcher, because it continues straight after a curve delivery, and thereby creates the impression that it is liable to take any course. If the ball is moistened for a drop, the chances are the drop will be greater than with a dry ball; if for an outcurve, a wider out- curve may be the result, and if for an inshoot, a greater jump, and with all three more speed because the cover is what might be called greased as the ball leaves the hand. The one important feature to be observed is to keep the moistened side of the ball out. It has been told me that the air piles up denser against a moistened surface than against a dry surface, and that the "spit ball" gains its effectiveness for that reason. That may be the solution of the phenomenon, if the*-e is any phenomenon to it. Spalding's Athletic Libraty. 77 THE PITCHER MUST BE A GOOD 4 FIELDER ft y • John McGraw When I started to play professional base ball I was a pitcher, so that I feel that I am not out of place offering a little advice to the pitchers of the future. Bear in mind that the conditions have all changed from what they once were. There was a time when to be a pitcher simply meant to throw the ball to the oatter and let the other players do the hard work. A new theory in batting has changed all that. The hit and run, and the sacrifice game, have made the pitcher one of the most prominent personages on the infield. He is as likely to have as many fielding chances in the game as the shortstop, and if he misses one of them the game may be lost with it. While practising the necessary essentials to success in the box, do not forget to have your friends bat a few sharp hits and an occasional bunt or two toward you if you have that opportunity. Learn to deliver the ball, and at the same time be in motion toward the plate to pick up a bunt, if the opposing players make an effort to sacrifice. Try diving forward for the ball, picking it up with one hand, and throwing it — all in as much the same motion as it is possible for you to employ. A pitcher, who can field bunts with one hand, and that his throwing hand, is worth everything to a club, even if his curves are not as wide as those of some others. Many a ~8 Spalding ' s Athletic Library. game is lost by so called star pitchers because they are absolutely useless as fielders. There is not a club in the National League that did not have to let some pitchers go last spring because they ascertained on trial that they could not field bunts properly. Practice throwing to first base quickly, so that you will accus- tom your eye to taking a line on the night of the ball to the base without giving the matter a second thought. You will be sur- prised to see how you can learn to shoot the ball across the dia- mond almost by intuition. No one likes to see young players succeed more than I do, and to young pitchers I want to say that there is always a chance and a future of great base ball fame, if they will only try from the be- ginning to perfect themselves in the details that go to make a successful member of a base ball team. For that reason I desire to impress upon them the fact that they must be good fielders, as well as good pitchers, if they expect to be with those in the first rank. w Spalding's Athletic Library. 79 EN RUNNERS ARE ON BASES By John Powell The pitcher to whom a long arm swing is natural, must learn another motion to be employed when there are runners on the bases. Otherwise he will give them such a lead that a tremendous record for base stealing will be run up against him. At first thought it may seem to the young pitcher that he will have to begin all over again if his style has to be changed as the game changes. This is not true. It is not so difficult to shorten up the delivery as may be imagined. First of all, be in perfect touch with the catcher concerning sig- nals regarding the base runners. Let him do most of the watch- ing when there is a runner on first, but be prepared to act imme- diately if his signal is to throw, to catch the runner napping. When the arm is brought back to pitch, eliminate all twists and swings. It can be done effectively and with little effort. Perhaps the arm will hav^ to be used more than the body, but bear in mind that it may not be necessary to do this very often if the batter is compelled to hit the ball. So adapt your style to the changed conditions that you can snap the ball to the plate before the runner is aware of what you intend ■doing. That will prevent him from leading very far away from ■first, and when he finds that you are able to pitch without a full preliminary swing, he will be very careful how he takes chances. Remember that shortening your swing does not necessarily iro- p Spalding's Athletic Library. ply that you cannot use your body to get speed. You will find that you can obtain a great deal of power from the shoulder mus- cles and from swaying the body from the hips, and this will not embarras you in the least trying to get the ball to the plate too quickly to prevent the runner from getting much of a start. When the runner is on third, it is not necessary to follow these instructions so closely. It is only once in a lifetime that any player successfully steals home, and no matter how much players may run up and down the base line, do not permit yourself to be worried, but continue to pitch just as you did at the beginning of the game. When throwing to first to catch runners who are leading out too far, be sure that you throw the ball low, but accurately, and to the right of the first baseman. That gives him an opportunity to catch the ball and touch the runner with one motion. .;!•• SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. (From The New York Times. Sunday, November 13, 1910.) Psychology of Base Ball Discussed by A. G. Spalding By Edward Marshall. "His Mce is that of a Greek hero, his manner that of a Ch«rch Sft£»£tSS sport *• worw ta. ct« taow». £& Ttom'ol pt,ysto.lM«cl 8 e wmS 'is toterestlng t. watch Blmpl3 B iorm o i i m. >-; >> nlaved the game know well &Vl° ^mo^m^mo^^e^ "Soffit it if Quite as much ' K"?CL Mtte^Mp^iicrittamuch more a mental exercise sals Sis, r^rsrtS no cruel coward like the buiingmer. i!L„Yv .skillful outdoor ment of the American boy's inborn lovt oi man ly, skilK tu • ou ™ °^ b ™ t?1 \nd he revels in Base Ball, does this American boy—good luck to him! No one evei has to urge the normal lankee lad to SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. participate in this clean game. He takes to it as a duck to water. He knows its rudiments before he learns to read and write. His father played Base Ball before him, and, of this generation, most of his forefathers. And it is a sport which parents may encourage, for it is neither dangerous nor demor- alizing. " 'The professional Base Ball player is doing more for his native country than anyone engaged in any form of sport has ever done for any country in the past. They say horse racing has resulted in improvement in horse breeding ; well, Base Ball has done something better, it has resulted in improvement in man breeding. Aside from giving outdor recreation to the public, the professional Base Ball player is, by his example, encouraging the boy to healthy sport with which not one unpleasant feature is connected. Little gambling is associated with Base Bali. When the game first started as a professional sport there was an effort made to saddle it with all the gambling features which beset the race tracks — pool selling and all — and from 1870 to, say, 1875, the gamblers practically had control of our professional Base Ball. Every Base Ball park had its betting ring. This made decent people stay away, and Interest in the game fell to a low ebb. Every error made was charged to crookedness upon the player's part, and not always, probably, unjustly. William Hulbert of Chicago had become interested in the game, and I explained this all to him. I was actually afraid the game would have to go. He wanted me to take my winning club on from Boston to Chicago, and I told him that I would if he'd clean out the gamblers, and not otherwise. He said he'd try, and he did try, to mighty good effect. That saved the game, undoubtedly, and in the winter of the following year the National League was organ- ized, and has been getting more and more important to the life of all America with the passage of each day since then. " 'The elimination of the betting evil was the cornerstone of the success of Base Ball as an exhibition game. The fight against it was a fierce one, lasting four or five years. Then we triumphed, and the cleanest game on earth had been established. No betting, no Sunday playing, no liquor sold upon the grounds ! It was a revolution in the world of professional sport. Base Ball is the only game which suits the mighty populace and yet is wholly free from ties to bind it to the gambling and the liquor selling element, whose aim it is to victimize that populace. " 'That's part of its psychology — it is clean-souled. Another and important part of it is that it is a leveler. That makes it, in the truest sense, American. It is almost, if not exactly, the Bame game in all parts of the United States, and nowhere is it cursed by caste. Caste may not wreck a sport in countries where caste dominates the social life, but it would surely wreck Base Ball in this country. That's the finest thing about Base Ball. Its spectators, once they settle in their seats and glue their eyes upon the diamond, are absolutely equalized by their delight in what they see. The laborer, if his seat so placed him as to make it possible, would be pretty apt, in case of a good play, to beat the President upon the back, in his enthusiasm, with a cushion or his hat, and the President would almost surely turn and grin at him. I don't know that that has ever actually happened, but I have known a workingman in jumpers to so lose his memory of social and financial and political rank as to biff thus a grave Senator. It was a fine and significant spectacle, because — note this — the Senator was not offended. He couldn't clear his mind of frantic joy in time to be offended, and, better yet, he would not have been offended if he could have cleared it. ' "Right here I ought to explain something. This interview was quite a family affair. Across the room from me sat Mr. Spalding's SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. nephew-a young scientist—and at my right, upon a couch, was Mrs. Spalding. She is a fit mate for her classically featured husband. She is really very handsome, has a notably delightful voice soft cultured, vibrant — and she does what the advice to wives' department in the women's magazines always urge young wives to do ; she takes an interest in her husband's soul-enthusi- asms. Interest? Well, some. " 'Men at Base Ball games, all men at Base Ball games, are brethren, equal sharers in whatever joy or woe or protest the great game mav bring,' said she. 'And utterly irreverent Ban Johnson, the president of the league, was sitting near us in the stand, and a man wanted to make a photograph of him. Did the crowd sit awed and reverent? Not noticeably. That crowd admired Ban Johnson and, in a way, revered him, but the camera man was an obstruction. What a cry went up ! "Too much Johnson ! Too much Johnson !" roared instantly unto the vaulted heavens.' "Mr. Spalding smiled at her. 'Two cranks in a family means domestic bliss, if they air both Base Ball cranks,' he comment" J, thereby adding to his exposition of the game's psychology. " 'Any one who blocked a crank's view of the game would meet with instant criticism. ' lie s;ii me -the biggest thing of all. It has taken me around the world again, and yet again ; it has thrown me into contact with the finest se1 of men this country ever has produced. It has taught me thai humanity is. at the bottom, clean of mind and bouL It has made me a rank optimist— and it has kept me one. It is the only spurt on earth. •' 'I could name a hundred Base Ball players— yes, two hundred and then more — who have become Important, worthy, and respected men in later years. There's John M. Ward, for instance. Senator Gorman was 'a Base Ball player once. John K. Tener, the next Governor of Pennsylvania, was a professional and went arotfnd the world with us in 1888. Senator Bulkeley of Connecticul was a plaver first and then first President of the National League. Base Ball for a few years is one of the best character builders I can think of. An able boy's blood always runs high and the first thing he must learn, if he is to win success, is to control it. Base Ball teaches that, first, last and all the time. " 'The game was fortunate from the beginning. It was spread throughout th - country by the soldiers returning to their homes after the Civil War. Now it is in its third generation. I hesitate to guess what it will be when it has reached its fourth. The crowds to-day are big: the crowds of future days will be much bigger. Every boy. tou see, plays Base Ball, and the players of to-day are the spectators of to-morrow. The human being who has ever got the germ of Base Ball in his blood, whether the infection comes when he is young or after he has reached maturity, never sets it out.' ' . " 'What effect has vour Base Ball record and entuhsiasm had upon your candidacy for the United States Senate?' I inquired, reallv wondering. "'How do I know, vet?' he asked. But then he added: Give me the Base Ball votes of California and my opponents may have the rest.' "Across the room from me sat Homer Davenport, most famous of the world's cartoonists and himself a Base Ball crank of advanced mania. . " 'Anv man.' said Davenport, not looking up from his sketch pad (which Mrs. Spalding, also, was intent upon), 'who can SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. pitch every game, every season, for the Boston team, for five long years, and win the pennant every time, and then go to Chicago and take the pennant with him in his trunk, as Mr. Spalding did, can capture a seat in the United States Senate on wet grounds, with a glass arm in the box and the rooters all against him. The political game is easy when you stack it up against Base Ball. You're talking to a Senator to be. all right.' "He went back to absorption in his work and Mrs. Spalding flushed with pleasure. " 'Has your Base Ball training helped you in your business?' I inquired. " 'I never struck anything in business that did not seem a simple matter when compaied to complications I have faced on the Base Ball field,' said Mr. Spalding. 'A young man playing Base Ball gets into the habit of quick thinking in most adverse circum- stances and under the most merciless criticism in the world — the criticism from the bleachers. If that doesn't train him, nothing can. Base Ball in youth has the effect, in later years, of mak- ing him think and act a little quicker than the other fellow. " 'They have now. in colleges, a course in which they call experimental psychology. The relation between thought and action is recorded by delicate instruments. These instruments, in the psychological laboratories of the colleges, show that the mental reactions of the athletes are quicker than those of any other students. And that of the Base Ball player is quicker than that of any other of the athletes. The sprinter, don't you see. has but to go from place to place. His thought is intent on the one thiny — on getting there. The thought of the Base Ball player must take many other things — a thousand things — into consideration. Bte must think while he is going. " 'Folks marvel at the great throngs which attend important Base Ball matches. They really need not be wondered at. The public likes the game, and, more than that, it knows that this one game, of all sports, is certain to be absolutely on the square. The spectators have been players, most of them, and understand not only the first principles but the fine points of the sport. " 'Here, again, is the effect of the evolution of the game up through the boy into the man. The boys of the past generation are the spectators of this ; the boys of this one will be the spec- tators of the next. So, like an endless chain. Base Ball will last and grow as long as these United States shall last and grow. Each generation will produce a little higher type of citizenship than that which went before it. and Base Ball and the principles which underlie it will help to bring this about.' "The old Base Ball player — the successful business man — the candidate for Senator — stopped talking. I looked at him inquiringly. " 'Play ball I' said he.'' SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. SPALDING'S SIMPLIFIED BASE BALL RULES Simplified Base Ball rules have been prepared by Mr. A. G. Spalding of New York and Chicago, who is the recognized authority on the National Game. They are of great assistance to beginners as well as to veterans. Based on the Official Playing Rules, as published in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide, they state in condensed form all the technicalities that must be observed in the sport without the somewhat dry and formal wording which is necessarily employed by the rule makers to state each fact with great explicitness. The Ball Ground Base Ball is played upon a level field, upon which is out- lined a square, which is known as the infield or "diamond." The term "diamond," in a broader sense, is also frequently used in the United States to apply to the entire playing field. Literally, however, the "diamond" is the infield proper. The infield is bounded by the base-running paths, which extend from base to base. The bases are placed at right angles to each other, on each corner of the "diamond," at intervals of ninety feet beginning from the home plate. Thus, first base must be ninety feet from home plate, second base ninety feet from first base, third base ninety feet from second base and also ninety feet from the home plate, thus completing a perfect square. The territory which lies behind third base, second base and first base, beyond the infield and within the lines defining fair ground and also without these lines, is known as the outfield. All that portion of the field outside of the base lines that extend from home plate to first base and from home plate to third base, all territory behind the home plate and all terri- tory outside of straight lines reaching from the outside corner of third and first bases indefinitely to the outfield is foul ground. Sometimes it is impossible for boys who desire to play Base Ball to obtain a field sufficiently large for the regulation diamond, whose dimensions have previously been stated, and in such cases an effort should always be made to place the bases at equal distances from each other in order that the symmetry of the diamond and the correct theory of the game may be preserved. Players of younger years may find that a smaller diamond adds more enjoyment to their amusement, since they are better able to cover the ground in fielding the ball in a smaller area and do not become so fatigued by running the bases when the latter are stationed at their full legal dis- tance from each other. The bases, except home plate, are best constructed of canvas bags filled with sawdust. Home plate should be of whitened rubber, whenever it is possible to obtain it. Some cruder sub- stance may be used for bases if nothing else is obtainable, but it is best to follow the suggestions given. First, second and third bases should be attached to pegs driven in the ground, and home plate should be sunk so that its upper surface is on a level with the surface of the ground. The pitcher's position on a diamond of regulation size is located ^sixty and five-tenths feet from home plate, and on a SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GCIDE. straight line, extending from home plate to the center of second base. It, too, should be denoted by a plate of whitened rubber, to be sunk until its upper surface is on a level with the surface of the field. This plate should be the shape of a parallelo- gram twenty-four inches long by six inches wide, with the longer sides of the parallelogram at right angles to home plate. If a diamond smaller than the regulation size be used, the pitcher's position should be relatively closer to home plate. (For detailed description of laying out a "diamond" see Rules Nos. 1 to 13, inclusive, of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) The Ball The Spalding Official National League Ball is used in regula- tion games, but for players fifteen years of age or younger, the Spalding Official "National League Junior" ball, made the same as the National League Ball, only slightly smaller in size, should be used, for it better fits the boy's hand and pre- vents straining the arm in throwing. (See Rule No. 14 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) The Regulation Bat The Bat must alwavs be round and not to exceed 2% inches in diameter at the thickest part. Spalding Trade Mark Bats are made to suit all ages and physiques, and are strictly in accordance with official regulations. (See Rule No. 15 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Regulation Gloves and Mitts The catcher or first baseman may wear a glove or mitt of anv size, shape or weight. Every other player is restricted to the use of a glove or mitt weighing not over ten ounces and measuring not over fourteen inches around the palm. Spalding's Trade Marked Gloves and Mitts are regulation weight and size and are used by all champion players. (See Rule No. 20 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Players' Uniforms Games plaved by players not clad in a regular uniform are called "scrub" games and are not recorded as "match games. Every club should adopt a regular uniform, not only to enable the players to play properly and with comfort, but to distin- guish one team from the other. (See Rule No. 19 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Players' Benches All ball grounds should be provided with two players' benches back of and on each side of the home plate. They must be not less than twenty-five feet outside of the coachers lines. The coachers may not go within fifteen feet of the base lines Each team should occupy one of these benches exclusively, and their bats and accoutrements should be kept near the bench. ^ (See Rule No. 21 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. © Field Rules No person shall be allowed upon any part of the playing field except the players in uniform, the manager of each side (and the latter not when the game is in progress, except that he is in uniform) ; the umpire and the officers of the law. No manager, captain, or player is supposed to address the specta- tors. In a regular League match this is considered a viola- tion of the rules. (See Rules Nos. 75-77 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Soiling and Providing Balls No player shall be allowed to soil a new ball prior to put- ting it into play. In League games the home team provides the ball. It is customary in smaller leagues to expect the home team to do the same. The umpire has the custody of the ball when it is not in play, but at the conclusion of the game the ball becomes the property of the winning team. (.See Rule No. 14 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Number and Position of Players Two teams make up each contest with nine players on each side. The fielders are known as the pitcher, the catcher, the first baseman, the second baseman, the third baseman, the shortstop, the left fielder, the center fielder and the right fielder. None of these is required to occupy an exact position on the field, except the pitcher, who must stand with his foot touching the pitcher's plate when in the act of delivering the ball to the batter, and the catcher, who must be within the "catcher's space" behind the batter and within ten feet of home plate. Players in uniform must not occupy seats In the stands or mingle with the spectators. (See Rules Nos. 16, 17 and IS of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Substitute Players It is always advisable to have a sufficient number of sub- stitutes in uniform ready to take the field in case any player shall become disabled or be disqualified. It is the duty of the captain of each team immediately to announce changes of players to the umpire, and the umpire shall announce them to the opposing team and spectators. When a pitcher is taken from his position his substitute must continue to pitch until the batsman has reached first base or has been put out. (See Rule No. 28 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Choice of Innings — Fitness of Field for Play The home team has the choice of innings and determines whether the ground is fit for play providing it has rained before the beginning of the game. If two clubs from the same SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. city are playing, the captain of the team on whose ground the game is played has the choice of innings. (See Rule No. 29 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) A Regulation Game The game begins with the fielders of the team losing the choice of innings in their respective positions. The first batter of the opposing team is in his "box" at home plate. This "box" is a parallelogram, six feet by four, on either side of home plate, and six inches back from the furthest corner of the plate. If it is not possible to outline a "box" it should be remem- bered that the batter is never allowed to step over home plate to strike at the ball, and that he must not run forward toward the pitcher, to exceed three feet from the center of the plate, to strike at the ball. The umpire may take his position, at his option, either behind the pitcher or the catcher. He judges all balls and strikes, declares all outs, decides whether the ball is batted foul or fair, decides as to the legality of the pitcher's deliv- ery, and, in fact, has complete control of the game. His decisions must never be questioned, except by the captain of either team, and only by the latter when there is a difference of opinion as to the correct interpretation of the rules. The team at bat is allowed two coaches on the field, one opposite first base and the other opposite third base, but they must never approach either base to a distance closer than fifteen feet, and must not coach when there are no runners on the bases. Whenever a player is substituted on a nine he must always bat in the order of the man who retires from the game. A player may be substituted at any time, but the player whose place he takes is no longer eligible to take part in the contest. When a substitute takes the pitcher's place in the box he must remain there until the batsman then at bat either is retired or reaches first base. A game is won when the side first at bat scores fewer runs in nine innings than the side second at bat. This rule applies to games of fewer innings. Thus, whenever the side second at bat has scored more runs in half an inning less of play than the side first at bat it is the winner of the game, pro- vided that the side first at bat has completed five full innings as batsmen. A game is also won if the side last at bat scores the winning run before the third hand is out. In case of a tie game play continues until at the end of even innings one side has scored more runs than the other, provided that if the side last at bat scores the winning run before the third hand is out the game shall terminate. This latter provision applies to a regular nine-inning game. Rul- ings relative to drawn games and games that are called because of atmospheric disturbances, fire or panic will be found under the head of "Umpire's Duties." (See Rules Nos. 22-27 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Pitching Rules Before pitching the ball the pitcher must face the batsman with both feet squarely on the ground and in front of the SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. pitcher's plate. When the ball is delivered the pitcher must face the batter and one of his feet must be in contact with the pitcher's plate. Not more than one step must be taken in the act of delivery. Whenever the ball after being pitched and without striking the ground goes over any part of home plate between the knee and the shoulder of the batsman it must be called a strike, wnether the batsman strikes at it or not. If the pitcher fails to deliver the ball over any part of the plate, or if he delivers it over the plate above the shoulder or below the knee and the batsman declines to strike at it, it is called a ball, or it' the bases are unoccupied, any ball delivered by the pitcher while either foot is not in contact with the pitcher's plate shall lie called a ball. If the ball touches the ground before it passes home platb- and is not struck at by the batsman, it is a ball and must be called as such by the umpire. If struck at, it is, of course, recorded as a strike. At the beginning of each inning the pitcher is allowed to throw live balls to the catcher or to an inlielder for ••warming- up" practice, the bat-man refraining from occupying his posi- tion in the "box" at home plate. After the batsman steps into his position the pitcher must not throw the ball around the infield, except to retire a base runner. It' he violates this rule and, in the opinion of the umpire, is trying to delay the game, the umpire may call a ball for every throw thus made. If the pitcher occupies more than twenty seconds in delivering the hall to the batter the umpire may call a ball for each offense of this nature. The pitcher must not make any motion to deliver the ball to the batsman and fail to do so. nor must he feint to throw to first base when it is occupied by a runner and fail to complete the throw. Violation of this rule constitutes a balk which gives all runners who are on the bases at the time an opportunity to advance a base each without being put out. A balk is also declared when the pitcher throws to any base to catch a runner without stepping directly toward that base in the act of making the throw: when either foot of the pitcher is behind the pitcher's plate when he delivers the hall ; when he fails to face the batsman in the act of delivering the ball ; when neither foot of the pitcher is in contact with the pitcher's plate in the act of delivering the ball ; when in the opinion of the umpire the pitcher is purposely delaying the game; when he stands in his position and makes any motion with any part of his body corresponding to his customary mo- tion when pitching and fails immediately to deliver the ball ; when he delivers the ball to the catcher when the latter is outside of the catcher's box. When a pitched ball, at which the batsman has not struck, hits the batsman before the catcher touches it. the umpire must call it a dead ball and no base runner can advance. The batsman, however, must be in his position at the time that the ball hits him and must make every effort to get out of the way of the ball if he fears that it will hit him. If a batsman makes a foul strike, if a foul hit is not caught, if the umpire declares a dead ball, or if a fair hit ball touches a base runner or umpire, if the pitcher makes a balk, or if there is interference with fielder or batsman, the ball is not in play until after it has been returned to the pitcher, standing in his position, and the umpire has given the word to resume play. No base runners may advance when the ball is not in play. SPALDING'S 0VFIC1AL BASE BALL GUIDE. nomlhiiit?^ J . • th,w a r "nner out wherever he sees a feel from the home plate. This rule is n<>t invariably followed in amateur games. If the batsman strikes at a pitched ball and misses it, a strike is called. If tin- batsman fails to strike at a pitched ball which passes over the plate at the proper height, a strike is called. A foul tip caughl by the catcher is a strike. A foul hit, whether a fly or a ground hit. bounding to any part of foul ground, is a strike unless the batter has two strikes. After two strikes the batter may foul the ball without penalty unless be bunts or is caught out on a foul fly. All bunts rolling foul are strikes. [f the batsman strikes at the ball and misses it. but the ball hits him. it is a strike. If the batsman, with either of his feel out of the batsman's box, bits the ball in any way it is a foul strike and the bats- man is out. If a batsman bats out of turn and it is discovered after he has completed his time at bat. but before the ball has been delivered to the succeeding batsman, the player who should have batted is out. and no runs can be scored, or bases be run, on any play made by the wrong batter. This penalty is not enforced unless the error has been discovered before the ball is delivered by the pitcher to the succeeding batsman. If the error is discovered while the wrong batsman is at bat, the proper player may take his place, hut he must be charged with whatever bails and strikes have already been recorded against the wrong batsman. Whenever this happens the batters continue to follow each other in their regular order. Should the batsman who is declared out for batting out of order be the third hand out, the proper batsman in the next inning is the player who would have come to bat had the side been retired by ordinary play in the preceding inning. The batsman is out "if he fails to take his position within one minute after the umpire has called for him. The batsman is out if a foul fly, other than a foul tip, is caught by a fielder, providing the latter does not use his cap, his protector, or any illegal contrivance to catch the ball, and providing the ball does not strike some object other than a tielder before being caught. It has been ruled that when the ball lodges in the catcher's protector by accident and he secures it before it falls to the ground, the catch is fair. This is a very exceptional play. The batsman is out whenever he attempts to hinder the catcher from fielding or throwing the ball, either by stepping outside of the lines of his position or by deliberate obstruc- tion. The batsman is out when three strikes are called and first SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. base is occupied, whether the catcher holds the ball or not, except there be two hands out at the time. The batsman is out, if, while attempting a third strike, the ball touches any part of his person, and base runnei-s are not allowed to advance. Before two men are out, if the batsman pops up a fly to the infield with first and second, or first, second and third bases occupied, he is out if the umpire decides that it is an infield hit. The umpire shall immediately declare when the ball is hit whether it is an infield hit or an outfield hit. It is cus- tomary for the umpire to call the batter out in case that he decides it an infield hit, so that base runners may be pro- tected and not force each other out through the medium of a double play. The batsman is out on a bunt that rolls foul if the attempted bunt be made on the third strike. The batsman is out if he steps from one batsman's box to the other after the pitcher has taken his position to pitch. (See Rules Nos. 38-51 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Base Running Rules After the batsman makes a fair hit in which he is not put out he must touch first, second and third bases, and then the home plate in regular succession in order to score a run. No base runner may score ahead of the men who precedes him in the batting order, if that player is also a base runner. The batsman must run to first base immediately after mak- ing a fair hit. or when four balls have been called by the umpire, or when three strikes have been declared by the umpire. If the batsman is hit by a pitched ball, either on his per- son or clothing, and the umpire is satisfied that the batsman did not purposely get in the way of the ball, and that he used due precaution to avoid it, he is entitled to run to first base without being put out. The batsman is entitled to run to first base without being Eut out if the catcher interferes with him or tries to prevent im from striking at the ball. The batsman is entitled to first base, without being put out, if a fair hit ball hit either the person or clothing of an umpire or a base runner who is on fair ground. Whenever the umpire sends the batsman to first base after four balls have been called, or for being hit by a pitched ball, or because he has been interfered with by the catcher, all runners on bases immediately ahead of him may advance a base each without being put out. A runner on second or third base with first base unoccupied would not be considered a runner immediately ahead. Any base runner is entitled to advance one base when the umpire calls a balk. Any base runner is entitled to advance one base when the ball, after being delivered by the pitcher, passes the catcher and touches any fence or building within ninety feet of the home plate. The penalty in regard to touching a fence or building is frequently waived by mutual consent where the ground area is limited. If a fielder obstructs a base runner the latter may go to the next base without being put out. providing the fielder did not have the ball in his hand with which to touch the runner. All base runners may advance three bases whenever a fielder SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. stops or catches the ball with his cap, glove, or any part of his uniform detached from its proper place on his person. Should a thrown or pitched ball strike the person or clothing of an umpire on foul ground, the ball is not dead, and base runners are entitled to all the bases they can make. The base runner shall return to his base without liability of being put out when a foul is not legally caught, when a ground ball is batted foul, or when the batter illegally bats the ball. On a dead ball the runner shall return to his base without liability of being put out, unless it happens to be the fourth pitched ball to the batter, in which case, if first, or first and second base, or first, second and third bases be occupied, run- ners shall advance to the next bases In regular order. If by accident the umpire interferes with the catcher's throw, or a thrown ball hits the umpire, on fair ground, the runner must return to his base and Is not to be put out. If a pitched ball is struck at by the batsman, but missed, and the ball hits the batsman, the runner must return to his base and may not be put out If the umpire is struck by a fair hit ball before it touches a fielder, or the umpire declares the bats- man or another base runner out for Interference, in any or the above cases the runner is not required to touch any inter- vening bases to reach the base to which he is legally entitled. If after the third strike has been called and missed by the catcher the then batsman attempts to hinder the catcher from fielding the ball, he is out. Any fly ball legally hit by the batsman and legally caught on fair or foul ground is out. Three strikes are out if the catcher holds. the ball. In case he drops it, but picks it up, and touches the batsman, or throws it to first base, and the first baseman touches the base, or the batsman, before the latter can get to first base, the batsman is out. . ,. _ v Should the batsman make a fair hit and in the last half of the distance between home plate and first base run more than three feet outside of the base line, he is out, except that he may run outside of the line to avoid Interference with a fielder •rying to field the ball as batted. This rule is construed rather liberally owing to tbe great speed with which runners go to first base. Whenever the runner is on the way from first to second base, second to third base, or third base to home plate, or in reverse order trying to secure the base which he has just left, he must keep within three feet of a direct line between bases. If he runs out of line to avoid being touched by a fielder, he is out. However, if a fielder is on the line trying to field a batted ball, the runner may run behind him to avoid interference, and shall not be called .out for it. Interference with a fielder attempting to field a batted ball retires the runner, unless two fielders are after the same hit, and the runner collides with the one whom the umpire be- lieves to have had the lesser opportunity to field the ball. The runner is always out at any time that he may be touched by the ball in the hands of a fielder, unless the runner is on the base to which he is legally entitled. The ball, how- ever, must be held by the fielder after he has touched the runner. If the runner deliberately knocks the ball out of the fielder's hands, to avoid being put out when not on base, he shall be declared out. If a runner fails to get back to a base after a foul or fair SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. hit fly ball is caught, other than a foul tip, before the ball is fielded to that base and legally held, or the runner be touched by a fielder with the ball in his hands before he can get back to the base last occupied, the runner is out, except that if the ball be thrown to the pitcher, and he delivers it to the batter, this penalty does not apply. If a base should be torn from its fastenings as the runner strikes it, he cannot be put out. If a runner is on first base, or runners are on first and second bases, or on first, second and third bases, and the ball shall be legally batted to fair ground, all base runners are forced to run, except in the case of an infield fly (previously referred to), or a long fly to the outfield. Runners may be put out at any succeeding base if the ball is fielded there and properly held, or the runners may be touched out between bases in the proper manner. After a foul fly is caught, or after a long fly to the outfield is caught, the base runners have the privilege of trying for the next base. A base runner hit by a legally batted ball in fair territory is out. In such case no base shall be run, unless necessitated by the batsman becoming a base runner. No run shall be scored nor shall any other base runner be put out except the one hit by the batted ball, until the umpire puts the ball in play. A runner who fails to touch each base in regular or reverse order, when a fair play is being made, is out if the ball be properly held by a fielder on the base that should have been touched, or the runner be touched out between bases by the ball legally held by a fielder, provided that the ball has not been delivered to the batsman in the meantime by the pitcher. If a runner fails to return to the base that he occupied when "Time" was called after the umpire has announced "Play" he is out, provided that the pitcher has not in the meantime delivered the ball to the batsman. The runner is out if he occupies third base with no one out or one out and the batsman interferes with a play that is being made at home plate. The runner is out if he passes a base runner who is caught between two bases. The moment that he passes the preceding base runner the umpire shall declare him out. When the batter runs to first base he may overrun that base if he at once returns and retouches it. An attempt to run to second base renders him liable to be put out. If, while third base is occupied, the coacher at third base shall attempt to fool a fielder who is making or trying to make a play on a batted ball not caught on the fly, or on a thrown ball, and thereby draws a throw to home plate, the runner on third base must be declared out. If one or more members of the team at bat gather around a base for which a runner is trying, thereby confusing the fielding side, the runner trying for the base shall be declared out. If a runner touches home plate before another runner pre- ceding him in the batting order, the former loses his right to third base. (See Rules Nos. 52-57 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Coaching Rules The coachers must confine themselves to legitimate direc- tions of the base runners only, and there must never be more SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. than two coachers on the field, one near first base and the other near third base. (See Rule No. 58 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Scoring of Runs One run shall be scored every time that a player has made the legal circuit of the bases before three men are out, pro- vided that a runner who reaches home on or during a play in which the third man is forced out, or the third man is put out before reaching first base, the runner shall not be entitled to score. A player who makes a legal hit to fair territory is entitled to as many bases as he can advance without being put out. If a fielder is unable to get the ball home until the man has completed the circuit of the bases, the latter is entitled to a home run, provided the fielder has not made a misplay in handling the ball. The same rule applies to the making of a three-base hit, a two-base hit, or a hit for one base, which is also known as a single. A force-out can be made only when a base runner legally loses the right to the base he occupies by the batsman becoming a base runner and he is thereby obliged to advance. (See Rule No. 59 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Ground Rules captains* and the umpire, or umpires, in case there be two officials. The captain of the home club establishes the ground rules, but if the visiting captain objects, the matter must be left to the umpire, who has final jurisdiction. (See Rule No. 69 of Spaldiug's Official Base Ball Guide.) Umpire's Duties When there are two umpires, the umpire behind the plate is the "Umpire-in-Chief." and the umpire on the bases the "Field Umpire." The "Umpire-in-Chief has full charge of the game, makes all decisions on balls and strikes and decides all fair and foul hits. If a ball is hit fair, with a runner on first, he must go to third to make a possible decision ; with more than one base occupied, he decides whether a runner on third base leaves the base before a fly ball is caught, and if a runner is caught between third and home, with more than one base occupied he decides on the runner nearest home plate. He, alone, can forfeit a game. The Field Umpire makes the other decisions. When there is but one umpire he has complete jurisdiction over everything. The umpire has the right to call a draw game, whenever a storm interferes, if the score is equal on the last inning played. Calling a /'draw game" must not be confounded with calling "time." If the side second at bat is at bat when a storm breaks, and the game is subsequently terminated without further play, and this side has scored the same number of runs as the other side, the umpire can call the game a draw without regard to the score of the last equal inning. In other words, the game is a draw just as it rests. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. "Under like conditions if the side second at bat has scored more runs than the side first at bat, it shall be declared the dinner, all runs for both sides being counted. A game can be forfeited bv the umpire if a team refuses to take the field within five minutes after he has called "Play" ; if one side refuses to play after the game has begun : if, after the umpire has suspended play, one side refuses to play after he has again called "Play" ; if one side tries to delay the game ; if the rules are violated after warning by the umpire ; if there are not nine plavers on a team after one has been removed bj the umpire. The umpire has the right to remove players for objecting to decisions or for behaving in an un- gentlemanly manner. Only by the consent of the captain of an opposing team may a base runner have a player of his own side run for him. Play may be suspended by tbe umpire because of rain, and if rain falls continuously for thirty minutes the umpire may terminate the game. The umpire may call "Time" for any valid reason. Umpire's Authority Under no circumstances shall a captain or player dispute the accuracv of an umpire's judgment and decision on a play. If the captain thinks the umpire has erred in interpretation of the rules he may appeal to the umpire, but no other player is privileged to do so. (See Rules Nos. 60-77 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) General Definitions "Play" is the order of the umpire to begin the game or to resume' it after "Time" has been called. "Time" is the order of the umpire to suspend play tem- porarily. "Game" is the announcement of the umpire that the contest is terminated. "Inning" is the time at bat of one team and is terminated when three of that team have been legally put out. "Time at Bat" is the duration of a batter's turn against the pitcher until he becomes a base runner in one of the ways prescribed in the previous rules. In scoring a batter is exempt from a time at hat if he is given a base on balls, if he makes a sacrifice hit, if he is hit by a pitched ball, or if he is inter- fered with by the catcher. (See Rules Nos. 78-82 of Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide.) Scoring Rules Each side may have Its own scorer and in case of disagree- ment the umpire shall decide, or the captain of each team may agree upon one scorer for the match. (See Sn.ilding's Official Base Ball Guide for the Scoring Rules, and Spalding's Athletic Library, No. 350— "How- to Score," Price 10 Cents. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. The Cork Center Base Ball When a distinct innovation is made in a pastime and sport of the importance of Base Ball it is assured that it will attract world-wide attention. Base Ball is a world-wide sport, even though it is our national game. Were a fiat bat, or an octagon bat. or a new spike or something of the sort to be tested all results marking the effort to attempt its introduction would be watched with attention and with careful discrimination throughout the sporting world. For that reason it is more than probable that nothing during the season of 1910, except the actual playing of the games, attracted closer observation anion- the students of Base Ball than th. introduction of the new cork-center hall. offhand, if one wen- to make the assertion that too much rubber in a hall had a tendency to make it dead, the incredulous and skeptical would begin to laugh. Vet it has been proved by experi- ment that such is the case. Rubber seems to give life to the bounce of a hall, but it does not add to its traveling ability. In boyhood days this seemed to he frequently noted when it was customary to play "barney ball" with a solid rubber ball. Of course, it was not a hall which was as large as a base ball. It would hounff high from the ground and continue in a succession of lively and energetic bounds. Yet if a solid rubber ball of the same weight as a base ball were used in a Base Ball game it was never possible to bat it so successfully, even with less capable pitching, as it was the yarn wound ball with a resilient center. When the cork-center ball was tried in 1010 the problem was to produce a ball which would be as good or better than that which had been in use in the past. It is a well-known fact that all who are directly interested in the production of Base Ball have been striving for a ball which would be neither too lively nor too dead. To arrive at that happy medium was no easy task. Off and ou experiments of various kinds had been attempted, the idea being to find a suitable foundation for the ball which would not detract from its life, and which, at the same size and weight, might add to its carrying power and to its general efficiency in play, both at bat and in the field. SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. It is easy for any one to understand that this was a task of no mean effort. The cork-center ball was the creation of those who had centered their thought upon producing the best for the best of games. At the beginning of the season there were a few players, like all who arc aware that an experiment is being attempted, who were prone to charge their shortcomings to the employment of the new ball. If they failed for the moment the ball was held to be at fault to escape the criticism of the public for the player. At the end of the season the unanimous verdict of the experi- enced men of Base Ball was that the cork-center ball was the biggest hit which had been made in years. Indeed, they were firmly Impressed with the conviction that it was by far the best ball which had been used in championship contests since the first league game in Base Ball history. The cork-center ball possessed the quality <>f lasting throughout a game. Every Base Ball enthusiasl knows what that means. If there is one thing more annoying than another in a hard-fought Base Ball contest it is to find the ball growing soggy and chad as the innings progress. Our amateurs, who. perhaps, use a base ball even more thor- oughly than the professionals, owing to the tendency on the part of spectators to leip themselves too freely in paid contests to halls which happen to be hatted into the crowd, are never so happy and so well pleased as when they find themselves in posses- sion of a Base Ball which, at the end of the ninth inning, is giving as much satisfaction as it did in the first . As a matter of fact, during the season of 1910 it was the verdict of amateurs who were trying the cork-center hall, that fhe new model was fre- quently better and easier to handle toward the close of the game than it had been al the start in its first stiffness from the factory. That is the finest indorsement which any base ball could have. The testimony of professional players was freely offered as to the 'Masting power" Of the cork-center base ball. Repeatedly. when talking about Its merits, they dwelt upon the fact that it was as easy to hit hard and successfully in the final inning as it was in the first. That means everything to the professional. A ball which has become soggy, and which is without the elastic foundation which is given by the cork center, is likely to be so devoid of life in the finishing stages of a game that it is almost impossible to make a rally with if. A team which is behind finds it out of the question to gain enough runs to come up with its adversaries or enough to win. In this connection particular attention is called to the season of 1910 in regard to the recurring rallies day after day through- out the season. Ninth inning finishes, the most spectacular of all. were common. Games ran into extra innings and not infre- quently in such extra-innings contests a high total was run up in an inning beyond the fixed life of the game — nine innings — ■ showing that the ball still retained its life and vigor. There are repeated instances of three-base hits and home runs in the closing innings of games in which but one or two base balU had been used throughout the afternoon, showing that the ball retained form and the necessary elasticity to make it as^respon- sive as ever to the bat. r ~" There were fewer complaints than ever on the part of pitchers that the ball was so "punky" that they were unable to obtain a good grasp upon its surface. If anybody is quick to complain SrALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE BALL GUIDE. about the ball it is the pitcher, who must have a perfect sphere sS? srtsvsfiK ms&'W &. lrtt ln y i911 will be more attractive and better than ever with the C °r^t%r?ec^i?edTha1 although Base Ball is a sport j Wil ^ e m C an 8e who Eft^the happy expedient of a cork center in nllcf of the has. ball which had previously I a in use, was rrt n v wis« in making his choice, and five years from now it ' , v assured thai Base Ball historians will be measuring th.ir recitai of certain Incidents from the time that the cork- CCn T^ Spring Co* CenVr°^all was used In the World Series Whai Managerl Mack and Chance think of 11 is expressed in the following letters: Chicago, November 2, 1910. Messes. A. G. Spalding & Beos., 14;i Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111. GE In TL the ?N Wld's Championship Series between the Chicago National League club and the Philadelphia American League club, three games of which were played on the Chicago grounds I wish nlvTs von that the Official National League Balls lum.shec I by vou and used in those three games were in every way most satis- factory and a so to say thai during n.v Base Ball experience I have never played with a better base ball than those used in the Chicago series. Yours very truly. FRANK L, CHANCE, Manager Chicago National League Club. Philadelphia, November 2, 1910. Messes. A. G. Spalding & Bros.. 126 Nassau St., New York. GE In T ^he B ?ecent World Series between the Philadelphia .American Ieaeue club and the Chicago National League club I wish to state tha the Official National League Balls used in the three games nlaved in Chicago were of exceptional quality, and I am further Sad to state that in my Base Ball experience have never seen a better base ball than the balls used in the three games above referred to. Yours truly, CONNIE MACK, Manager Philadelphia American League Club. •MiijMv* "PLAY BALL.'' The A. G. Spalding Bronze Championship Trophy for Public Schools Athletic Leagues. The above group is executed in bronze, the figures being 18 inches high, and was presented to the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York by Mr. A. G. Spalding as a perpetual trophy for annual competition between the elementary schools of Greater New York, the winning school to have custody of the statuette for one year. In the first competition, held in 1905, 103 schools were entered, the winner being Public School 46, Manhattan. Public School 10, Brooklyn, won in 1906 and again in 1907; Public School 9 of Brooklyn won it in 1908, Public School 28, Borough of the Bronx, in 1909 and 1910. The offer was subsequently extended, by request, to other large cities where regularly organized Public Schools Athletic Leagues exist. San Francisco held a competition under these conditions in 1909, the winner being Horace Mann Grammar School, Hancock School winning it in 1910. In New Orleans, McDonogh No. 9 School won it in 1909 and McDonogh No. 17 School in 1910 (88 schools competing). In Cleveland Warren High School won the trophy in 1910. "SLIDING TO SECOND." Bronze Trophy presented by Mr. A. G. Spalding in 1908 to the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York, to be competed for annu- ally by the High Schools in that organization. The first winner was Commercial High School, Manhattan, 1908; Morris High School won it in 1909, and Commercial High School, Brooklyn, in 1910. THE A. G. SPALDING CHAMPIONSHIP "CHAIN" TROPHY PLAQUE. Donated by Mr. A. G. Spalding in 1910 for competition between schools in regularly organized Public Schools Athletic Leagues where a small number of teams compete. Trophies were awarded to the winners in the following cities: Oshkosh, Wis. (Merrill School); Houston. Tex. (Fannin School); Racine, Wis.; San Diego, Cal.; Hartford, Conn. PRESIDENT TAFT AT OPENING GAME OF SEASON OF 1910, AT WASHINGTON. Autographed Ball presented by President Taft to Walter Johnson, the Washington pitcher. OFFICIAL RULES FOR AL L ATHLETIC SPORTS. The following- list contains the Group and the Number of the book of Spalding-' s Athletic Library in which the ruleo wanted are contained. See front pages of book for complete list of Spalding's Athletic Library. Event. No. Event. All-Round Atnleuc unam- pionship A. A. U. Athletic Rules ... A. A. U. Boxing Rules A. A. U. Gymnastic Rules.. A. A. U. Water Polo Rules. A. A. U. Wrestling Rules. . . Archery Badminton Base Ball Indoor Basket Ball. Official Collegiate Women's Water Basket Goal Bat Ball Betting Bowling Boxing — A. A. U., Marquis of Queensbury, London Prize Ring Broadsword (mounted) Caledonian Games Canoeing Children's Games Court Tennis Cricket Croquet Curling Dog Racing Fencing Foot Ball A Digest of the Rules Association (Soccer) English Rugby Canadian Golf Golf-Croquet Hand Ball Hand Polo Hand Tennis Hitch and Kick Hockey Ice Field viarden Lawn Parlor Ring Ontario Hockey Ass'n Indoor Base Ball Intercollegiate A. A. A. A. . I.-C. Gymnastic Ass'n Lacrosse U. S. I.-C Lacrosse League 12 182 | 12a 12a 12a 12a 12a 248 188 1 9 7 323 7a 55 188 55 55 341 1G2 55 55 23 189 194 3 138 14 55 165 2 344 2a 55 332 5 188 13 188 194 55 304 6 154 188 188 188 55 256 9 339 345 201 8 Lawn Bowls Lawn Games Lawn Tennis Obstacle Races Olympic GameEvents — Mar- athon Race, Stone Throw- ing with Impetus. Spear Throwing, HellenicMethod of Throwing Discus. Dis- cus.GreekStylefor Youths Pigeon Flying Pin Ball Playground Ball Polo (Equestrian) Polo, Rugby Polo. Water (A. A. U.) Potato Racing Professional Racing, Shef- field Rules Public Schools Athletic League Athletic Rules. . . . j Girls' Branch ; including Rules for School Games. Push Ball Push Ball, Water Quoits Racquets Revolver Shooting Ring Hockey Roller Polo Roller Skating Rink Roque Rowing Sack Racing. Shuffleboard Skating Skittles Snowshoeing Squash Racquets Swimming Tether Tennis Three-Legged Race Volley Ball Wall Scaling Walking Water Polo (American) Water Polo (English) Wicket Polo Wrestling Y. M. C. A. All-Round Test. Y. M. C. A. Athletic Rules. . Y. M. C. A. Hand Ball Rules. Y.M.C.A. Pentathlon Rules. Y.M.C.A. Volley Ball Rules. ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE THE SPALDING 'TRADEMARK^? 5 Athletic Shirts, Tights and Trunks STOCK COLORS AND SIZES. WORSTED GOODS, BEST QUALITY. We carry following colors regularly in stock: Black. Navy Bloc and Maroon, in slock sizes. Shirts. 26 to 44 in. chest. Tigbts, 28 lo 42 in. waist. Olh.r colors and sites made to order al special prices. Estimates on application. OCR No. 600 LINE WORSTED GOODS. Furnished in Gray and While, Navy Blue, Maroon and Black only. Slock sizes: Shirts. 26 to 44 in. chest. Tights, 2$ lo 42 in. waist. SANITARY COTTON GOODS. Colors: Bleached While, Navy, Black, Maroon and Gray. Slock sizes: Shirts, 26 to 44 in. chest. Tights, 26 lo 42 in. waist. Spalding Sleeveless Shirts No. I E. Best Worsted, full fashioned, stock colors and sizes. Each, S3. OO No. 600. Cut worsted, stock colors and sizes. Each, $ 1 .25 -A- $12.60 Dz. N0.6E. Sanitary Cotton.stock colors and sizes. .50* 4.75 " Spalding Striped Sleeveless Shirts No. 600S. Cut Worsted, with 6-inch stripe around chest, in following com- binations of colors; Navy with White stripe; Black with Orange stripe; Maroon with White stripe; Red with Black stripe; Royal Blue with White stripe; Black with Red stripe; Gray with Cardinal stripe. Each, $ 1 .60 * $15.00 Doz. No. 6ES. Sanitary Cotton, solid color body, with 6-inch stripe around chest, in same combinations of colors as No. 600S. Each, 76c. ir$7.5<> D •>:. Spalding Shirts with Sash No. 6WD. Sanitary Cotton, sleeveless, with woven sash of different color from body. Same combinations of colors as No. 600S. To order only; not carried in stock. . . . Each, 9 1 .25 if $12.00 Doz. _ No. 6ED. Sanitary Cotton, sleeveless, solid color body with sash stitchec on of different color. Same combinations of colors as No. 600S. Each, 76c. * $7.50 Doz. Spalding Quarter Sleeve Shirts / wma No. I F. Best Worsted. full fashioned, stock colors and sizes. Ea.,$3.00 |. Wk No. 60 I . Cut Worsted, stock colors and sizes. Ea., 8 1 .60 * $15.00 Doz., I N0.6F. Sanitary Cotton.stock colors and sizes. " .50 • 4.75 " [ J Spalding Full Sleeve Shirts r,"~6WD N" 3D. I'mIImii, Fi-sh. Whir.-. Black. jjkgh. B I -OO • ttOAO Dog. Spalding Knee Tights No. I B. Best. Worsted, full fashioned, stock colors and sizes. Pair, S3. 00 No. 604. Cut "Worsted, stock colors and sizes. Pair, 9 1 .26 * $12.60 Doz. No. 4b. Sanitary Cotton, stock colors and sizes. Pair, 60c. * $4.75 Doz. Spalding no. ib Full Length Tights nJo. I A. Best Worsted, full fashioned, stock :olors and sizes. Per pair, S4.00 nJo. 6O6. Cut Worsted, stock colors and sizes. .Per pair, S2.00 * $21.60 Doz. \ T o. 3A. Cotton, full quality. White, Black, ?lesh. Per pair, $ 1 .60 * $10.00 Doz. Spalding Worsted Trunks No. I . Best Worsted, Black, Maroon and Navy. Pair, S2.00 No. 2. Cut Worsted, Navy and Black. Special colors to order. Pair, $ I .OO No. 65. SPALDING JUVENILE SHIRTS, TIGHTS and PANTS SpaldingRunningPants No. I. White or Black Sateen, fly front, lace back. Pair. SI. 2 6 • $12.00 Doz. No. 2. White or Black £ateen, fiy front, lace back. Pair, $ l .OO • $10.00 Doz. No.3. WhiteorBlackSilesia, fly front, lace back. Pair, 76c. • $7.80 Doz. No. 4. White, Black or Gray £ilesia, fly front, lace back. Pair, 60c. it $5.00 Doz. Silk Ribbon Stripes down sides of any of these running pants. Pair, extra, 2 6c* $2. 40Doz. Silk Ribbon Stripe around waist on any of' these running pants. Pair, extra, 26c. * $2.40 Doz. Spalding Velvet Trunks No. 3. Fine Velvet. Colors: Black, Navy, Royal Blue, Maroon. Special col- ors toorder. Pair.S I .OO* $10.00Do No. 4. Sateen, Black, White. Pair, 60c* $5.00 Doz^ Sleeveless Shirt, quality of No. 600. Each, $ I .OO No.65S. Sleeveless Shirt, quality of No. 600S. No. 66. Quarter Sleeve Shirt, quality of No. 601. No. 64. Knee Tights, quality of No. 604. No. 44. Running Pants, quality of No. 4. Pair. 1.26 1.25 1.15 .45 ONLY SIZES SUPPLIED Chest, 26 to 30 inches, inclusive; Waist, 24 to 26 inches, inclusive. The prices printed in italics opposite items marked with * ivill be quoted only on orders for one-half dozen or more. Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NOT marked with * PROMPT ATTENTION G1YEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US ' A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OP STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOQI Price! in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices »ee apecial Canadian Catalogue. imsajHI SPECIAL As a special inducement to schoolboys who are interested in athletic sports, A. G. Spald- | , Q , , Q , , Q t ing 6c Bros, are now offering r™ , . ... 1 hese shirts are suitable SpaJ mm rf* im fr ai wow track and fieId use ' basket j^jiementary baI1 and general gymna- ©CO ©Oil sium wear, and are made Athletic Shirt in the u S£ T ! tyle as ,' hose worn by leading athletes. Sizes : 26 to 30 inches, inclusive, chest measurement. No. 16. SPALDING'S ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ^^ ATHLETIC SHIRT Zi5>Co ** For complete list of Athletic Goods see Spalding s Athletic Goods catalogue. PBOMPT ATTENTION 6IVEN TO | ANY COMMUNICATIONS APB8ESSE0 TO HS A.G.SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES Price, in effect January 5, 1911." Subject to chance without notice. For | FN COMPLETE UST Of STUB SEE INSIDE FBBT MVEB gJBg_iH! Canadian price* tee .peoal Canadian Catalogue. .wwai u THE SPALDING(iij)TRADEMARK 7" SPECIAL Jniform with Spalding's Elementary School Athletic Shirt advertised on opposite page) i i a i i n i | n ■ \ ^. G. Spalding & Bros, offer -n . ,, 1 hese pants are suitable Spaldlog^s fcr indoor and outdoor Exi „ track and field use, basket lementary ba H and general gymna- sium wear, and are made in the same style as those worn by leading athletes. Sizes: 24 to 26 inches, inclusive, waist measurement. athletic Paint; Jo. 17. SPALDING'S ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ATHLETIC PANTS or complete list of A thletic Goods see Spalding's A thletic Goods catalogue. PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO | ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SE£ INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK Prices in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices »ee special Canadian Catalogue. ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE THE SRALDING(B)TRADE MARK GUARANTEES QUALITY Spalding Running Shoes No. 2-0. This Running Shoe is made of the finest Kangaroo leather; extreme- ly light and glove fitting. Best English steel spikes firmly riveted on. Per pair, $6.00 No. IO. Finest Calfskin Running Shoe; lightweight, hand made, six spikes. Per pair, $6.00 No. I I T. Calfskin, machine made, solid leather tap sole holds spikes firmly in place. Per pair, S4.00 No. I I . Calfskin, machine made. Per pair, S3.00 Juvenile Running Shoes No. 1 2. Outdoor Leather Running Shoes, complete with spikes, in sizes 12 to 5 only. Per pair, S2.SO No. I I 6. Indoor Leather Running Shoes, without spikes, in boys' sizes, 12 to 5 inclusive, only Pair.$2.00 Indoor Running Shoes With or Without Spikes No. III. Fine leather, rub- ber tipped sole, with spikes. Per pair, S4.00 No. I I 2. Leather shoe, special corrugated rubber tap sole, no spikes. S3.00< No. I I 4. Leathershoe, rub- ber tipped, no spikes. $2. 60 Indoor Jumping Shoes With or Without Spikes No. 2 I O. Hand made, best leather, rubber soles.SS.OO Protection for Running Shoe Spikes .No. N. Thick wood, shaped and perforated to accomodate spikes. .Per pair, 60c. Spalding special Grips With Elastic No. I. Athletic Grips Selected cork, shaped to fit hollow of hand. Pair, 15c. Chamois Pushers No. 5. Fine chamois skin and used with running walking, jumping and other athletic shoes. Pair. 25c PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO | ANY COMMUNICATIONS * ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 0F.TH1S BOO! Price* in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices tee special Canadian Catalogue. .sT^THESRALDINGl^TRADEMARK-^^ SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY GROUP XILv No. 331. Schoolyard Athletics By J. E. SULLIVAN President Amateur Athletic Union; lember Board of Education Greater New York. / T V HE great interest in ath- letics that has developed - in the public schools within recent years has led to the compilation of this book with a view to the systemiza- ^ tion of the various events that form the distinctively athletic feature of school recreation. With its aid any. teacher should be able to conduct a successful meet, while the directions given for becoming expert in the various lines will appeal to the pupil. Some of the leading athletes have contributed chapters on their specialties: Ray Ewry, holder of the world's high jump record, tells how to practice for that event; HarryHillman, holder of the hurdle and three-legged records, gives hints on hurdlo racing and three-legged racing ; Martin Sheridan, all- around champion of America, gives directions for putting the shot; Harry F. Porter, high jump expert, describes how to become proficient in that event. The book is illustrated with photos taken especially for it in public schoolyards. PRICE 10 CENTS PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 1 FOR COMPLETE LIST OP STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOH Price* in effect January S, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices tee special Canadian Catalogue. CAUTION BASEBAUBOYS Because of your youth and inexperience, advantage is frequently taken of you base ball boys, by the >4 So called "Just as Good" dealer, who tries to palm off on you some of his "Just as Good" Base Ball goods, mad* especially for him by the "Just as Good " manufacturer, when you call for the Spalding goods. You are cautioned not to be deceived by this "Just as Good" combination, for when you get onto the field you will find these "Just as Good" Balls, Bats. Mitts, etc., will not stand the wear and punishment of the genuine Spalding articles. Remember that Spalding goods are standard the world over, and are used by all the leading clubs and players. These "Just as Good " manufacturers endeavor to copy the Spalding styles, adopt the Spalding descriptive matter and Spald- ing list prices, and then try to see how very cheap and showy they can make the article, so the " Just as Good " dealer can work off these imi- tations on the unsuspecting boy. Don't be deceived by the attractive 25 to 40 per cent, discount that may be offered you, for remember that their printed prices are arranged for the special purpose of misleading you and to enable the "Just as Good " dealer to offer you this special discount bait. This "discount" pill that the "Just as Good " dealer asks you to swallow is sugar coated and covered up by various catchy devices, that are well calculated to deceive the inexperienced boy, who will better understand these tricks of the trade as he grows older. Remember that all Spalding Athletic Goods are sold at the established printed prices, and no dealer is permitted to sell them at a greater or less price. Special discounts on Spalding Goods are unknown. Everybody is treated alike. This policy persistently adhered to makes it possible to maintain from year to year the high quality of Spalding Athletic Goods, which depend for their sale on Spald- ing Quality, backed by the broad Spalding Guarantee, and not on any deceiving device like this overworked and fraudulent " Discount " scheme adopted by all of the " Just as Good " dealers. Occasionally one of these "Just as Good " dealers will procure some of the Spalding well known red boxes, place them in a showy place on his shelves, and when Spalding Goods are called for, will take from these Spalding boxes one of the "Just as Good" things, and try to palm it off on the boy as a genuine Spalding article. When you go into a store and ask for a Spalding article, see to it that the Spalding Trade-Mark is on that article, and if the dealer tries to palm off on you something "Just as Good." politely bow yourself out and go to another store, where the gen- uine Spalding article can be procured. In purchasing a genuine Spalding Athletic article, you are protected by the broad Spalding Guarantee, which reads as follows : We Guarantee to each purchaser of an article bearing the Spalding Trade-Mark that such article will give satisfaction and a reasonable amount of service, when used for the purpose for which it was intended and under ordinary conditions and fair treatment. We Agree to repair or replace, free of charge, any such article which proves defective in material or ivorkmanship: PROVIDED, such defective article is returned to us, transportation prepaid, within thirty days after purchase (except where otherwise stipu- lated on special guarantee tag attached to certain articles) , and accompanied by a letter from the user, giving his name and ad- v N dr-ess, and explaining the claim. j± t q. SPALDING & BROS. Beware of the "Just as Good " manufacturer, who makes " pretty " Athletic Goods (as if they were for use as an ornament) at the expense of "quality," in order to deceive the dealer; and beware of the substi- tute-dealer who completes the fraud by offering the "Just as Good" ar- ticle when Spalding Goods are asked for. &y&« recent world Series betveea the Philadelphia American League Club and the Chicago National League Club games played in Chicago were of except* lcnal quality, and 1 ao further glad to state that in my base ball experience I have never seen a better base ball than the balls used in the three gooes tytrmvi.Zad^ ujr fnimijMi ,\- M9 »»b«b •"orld's CnariplonsMp Series Chicago National League a Philadelphia Chicago grounds, 1 o advise you that the Official t:a- lor.ai League Balls rurmshed by you no used In those three gaces "ere In very way ttosi satisfactory, and also o say that during my base ball ex- better o ball than £1**/- at Center Wool Ya Rubber D-U'h Cover E-Blue Wool Yarn WoolYa The Spalding "Cork Center" has not only improved the ball — it has also improved the game. Base ball played with the Spalding "Cork Center" Ball is as far in advance of the game played with an ordinary rubber center ball as the game played with the Spalding Official National League Ball of 1909 and before was in advance of the original game with the home made ball composed of a slice from a rubber shoe, some yarn from dad"s woolen sock, and a cover made of leather bought from the village cobbler and deftly wrapped and sewed on by a patient mother after her day's work was done. Base Ball to-day is no haphazard amusement, it is a scientific pastime, a sport of almost geometric exactitude. It commands the best that is in men of national prominence, and gives in return the plaudits of millions who testify by their presence and enthusiasm to the wonderful hold which this most remarkable game has upon the feelings of the great American Public. Anything which results in making the game more interesting to the spectators is good for the game itself, providing it does not interfere with the development of the sport as an athletic pastime. The Spalding "Cork Center" Ball makes the game faster — we have the testimony of hundreds of players to this effect — it makes it more accurate and even, the ball holding its life right through the game — not getting soggy or dead in the last innings — "you can make a home run in the ninth inning as easily as in the first" as Roger Bresnahan says. It is well for the youth of America to learn the lesson that while the cheapest things are very seldom the best things, the best are always the cheapest in the end. The price of the genuine Spalding "Official National League" Ball is $1.25 each — no more and no less. The market abounds with so-called "League Balls," all listed at $1.25 each, for the sole purpose of deceiving the purchaser and enabling the "just as good" dealer to work the dis- count scheme on the boy who is not posted. This is the reason why bright boys always insist upon the Spalding Ball and decline to accept any substitute. To many parents, a ball is a ball ; but to the American lad who knows, only a Spalding Ball is the genuine and Official Ball of the game, and substi- tution of "something equally as good" does not go with him, for he has learned that to become a good ball player and get the greatest pleasure out of the game, he must use the same ball that all the leading professional players use — and this is the Spalding 5 Official National League" Ball. TO THOSE WHO PLAY BASE BALL Every modification we have ever adopted In the construction of our Official League Ball has been decided upon after exhaustive experiments, always with the sole purpose of Improving the qualities of the ball. The last Improvement was In the core Itself. The result Is that the 1911 Spalding Official League Ball Is the best type of ball we have ever turned out. It Is more durable, more uniform In resistance, and holds Its spherical shape better than any type of base ball made heretofore by anybody. I consider the 1911 Spalding Official League Ball nearer perfection than any base ball ever made. I personally Investigated this Improvement when It was first proposed in 1908. I then had an exhaustive series of experiments and tests made to determine whether the core could be Improved. I was present at these experiments and found that unquestionably the 1911 type of ball was a great Improvement from the standpoint of the ball player as well as the durability of the ball Itself. I therefore auth- orize the following statement: THE SPALDING 1911 OFFICIAL LEAGUE BALL is the best base ball (hat has ever been manufactured and sold by anybody. SUBSTITUTE THE SRALDINGjga/TRADEMARK UUHKHmLLO QUALITY Spalding National Association No. NA Ball Pure Para Rubber Center THE BEST RUBBER CENTER BASE BALL ON THE MARKET Nn Ml \ Each * - _ - $1 °° llO.il/l i Per Dozen, $12.00 ?s Mb THIS ball is made to comply with all the rules governing the National and Ameri- can Leagues and all Leagues working under the National Agreement and Is superior to any ball on the market other than the Official balls of the National and American Leagues. MADE with best horse hide cov- er, pure Para rubber center, wound with best all wool yarn. Warranted to last a full game when used under ordinary condi- tions. PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO | ANY COMMUNICATIONS OOORESSEO TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOH Price • in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices tee special Canadian Catalogue. ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE THE SPALDING(B))TRADE-MARK Spalding Double Seam League Ball ""THE double seam is used in its construction, render- ing it doubly secure against ripping. Every ball is wrapped in tinfoil and warranted to last a full game. No. O. Each, $1.50 Per dozen, $18.00 SPALDING Official National League Jr, °Baii° CORK CENTER JV/IADE with horse hide cover, and *■* *■ in every respect, including patented cork center, same as our "Official National League" Ball No. 1, except slightly smaller in size. Especi- ally designed for junior clubs (composed of boys under 16 years of age) and all games in which this ball is used will be recognized as legal games. Warranted to last a full game when used under ordi- nary conditions. No. Bl. "Official National League" Jr. Each, $1.00 PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO | ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK Price* in effect January 5. 1911.' Subject to change withe For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue. sSS?e THE SPALDING Spalding City League Made with horse hide cover, and rubber center wound with yarn. Full sizeand weight. A very well made ball and excellent for general practice. No. L4. City League. . Each, 75c. Per dozen, S9.00 Above balls warranted to last a full ga Spalding National Association Jr. Pure Para Rubber Center Made with horse hide cover and in every respect same as our National Association Ball No. NA, except slightly smaller in size. No. B2. National Association Jr. Each, 76c. when iised under ordinary conditions. Spalding Professional Selected horse hide cover; full size ball. Made of carefully selected material and war- ranted first-class quality. Put up in a separate box and sealed. No. 2. Profes- sional. Ea., 50c. Spalding Public School League This is a well made Junior size ball, with horse hide cover, and rubber center wound with yarn. Splendid for gen- eral practice by boys' teams. No. B3. Public School League. Each, 50c. PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK Price* in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian pricet tee tpecial Canadian Catalogue SK THE SPALDING Sold Medal "Players' Autograph" Bats 'or over thirty years we ave turned out special todel bats to suit the. jading players of the rominent ' professional jagues, and our records nil show hundreds of ifferent bats made in ccordance with the ieas of the individual layer, many of whom ave been league record- lakers. The models hat have been adopted lave been duplicated by is from time o time as hey have equ ire d dditional >ats, and in mndreds of ases we lave been equested to urnish to ther play- rs duplicate >ats that iave been tiade for nd used by /ell- known layers. .;,. f Autograph Model . This Is a very large Bat with a thick handle. Bats supplied will not weigh less than 45 nor over 48 ozs. Length about 35 inches. W~ Autograph Model A well balanced small handle Bat ol very popular model. The Bats supplied will weigh not less than 3$ nor over 41 ounces. In order to satisfy the ever increasing demand from our customers for bats of the same models a9 used by the leading players, we have ob~ tained permission from many of the leading batters of the country to include in our line of high grade bats these Gold Medal "Players' Autograph" Bats, bear- ing their signature. Space will not permit a description of all the various mod- els, but the f ollowi n g models havo been select- ed as exam- ples of what we are pro- ducing in this special "Players' Autograph" Bat Depart- ment. heeler M Spalding Gold Medal Players' Autograph" Bats. * Each, $1.00 Autograph Model (most same Irnglh Bal as (he banre, wilh less weight and more lenly distributed, handle not as ilck. Weighs not less than 4 1 nor oveTD ounces, Autograph Model A large Bat, almost the length ol the Chance Model, but with much / less wood, especially in Ihe handle J' part ol the Bal. Bats supplied will not less than 41 nor over 44 ounces. I (£j~ (7 Autograph Model This Bat is someuhat shorter than the Chance Model, medium thick < handle and rounded end. Bats supplied will weigh not less than 41 r.or over 43 ounces. Length about 32 ■: inches. £*-$ gl Autograph Model symmetrically shaped Bat, good SPALDING ASSOCIATION" MITT Men's size. Special black smooth tanned leather face, back and finger-piece; correctly padded; re- inforced and laced at thumb; strap-and-buckle fastening at back. No. 2R. Each, S I .OO ALL STYLES MADE IN RIGHTS AND LEFTS. PLAYERS SPECIFY WHEN ORDERING FOR LEFT HANDED • FULL RIGHT." PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO | ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOH Price* in effect January 5, 191 1. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian pricet ire tpecia) Canadian Catalogs Spalding "Foul Tip" Mitt Half Laced Back Strap-and-bncklc fastening No. 2C. Men's size. Oak tanned leather, face and finger piece correctly padded ; rein- forced and laced at thumb; back made in popular half laced style. Each, $I.OO Spalding "Club" Mitt Patent Laced Back Strap-and-buckle fastening No. 2A. Men's size. White buck face, back and finger- padded to form perfect pocket; reinforced, laced at thumb. Each, SI.OO Spalding "Youths' League" Mitt Patent Laced Back No. 2B. Youths' full size. Pearl colored special smooth tanned leather face and finger piece, correctly padded ; strap- and-buckle fastening. Each, $ I .OO Spalding "Interscholastic" Mitt No.3R. Large size. Good quality black smooth leather throughout ; reinforced and laced it thumb. Each. 7 5c. Spalding Public School Mitt No. 4. Large size. Improved style. Face, finger piece and back special tanned buck; heavily padded; rein- forced and laced at thumb. Ea. , 50o . Spalding Boys' Amateur 1 Mitt No. 4R No. 4R. Junior size; black smooth leather face and back ; white leather side strip; well padded; reinforced and laced at thumb. Each. 50c. Spalding Boys' Delight' Mitt No. 5 ALL STYLES ON THIS PAGE MADE IN RIGHTS AND LEFTS. No. 5. Improved style. Face, finger piece and back made of special tanned buck; laced thumb; well padded. Each, 25c. WHEN ORDERING FOB LEFT HANDED PLAYERS SPECIFY "FULL RIGHT.' PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS * ADDRESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOR *: January S. 1911. Subject to change without notice. For •oecial Canadian Catalogue. sSSe THE SPALDING TRADE-MARK *SF Spalding Baseme n's Mitts "WORLD SERIES" PROFESSIONAL MODELS Special Proiessional Model Patented June 28, 1910. Larger in area than our No. AX and made with patented King Padding so that the amount and position of the padding may be adjusted readily by the player to suit himself. Made of finest qual- ity white tanned leather through- out; leather lacing; strap-and- buckle fastening. Leather strap support at thumb. No. AXP. Each. S4.00 Spalding "League Special r - No. A)L Basemen's Mitt Made of absolutely finest quality white tanned buckskin, face, back and lining; leather lacing all around; strap-and-buckle fasten- ing. Leather strap at thumb.. No. AX. Each, $4.00 It is in the Spalding Base- men's Mitts that the full advantages of the special "molded face" feature can be seen and appreciated. These mitts, which from the very moment they are put into play should adapt themselves to the conform- ation of the hand, cannot be simply slapped together without regard to shape. The leather in the face must first of all be rqost carefully selected, and only the very best portions picked out for the peculiar stretching and molding process which goes so far towards making Spalding Basemen's Mitts the per- fect articles they are. Then the padding must be shaped properly by hand to form the necessary "pocket" and after that the' other special features, only found in our goods, must be added, in order to make them worthy to bear the Spald- ing Trade-Mark. ALL STYLES MADE IN RIGHTS AND LEFTS. WHEN ORDERING FOR LEFT HANDED PLAYERS SPECIFY " FULL RIGHT." Special Proiessional Model Patented June 28. 1910. Slightly larger model than No. BXS but made regularly with less padding. The padding is arranged according to the King Patent, per- mitting the player to adjust posi- tion and amount of padding to suit his individual ideas. Made of finest quality selected calfskin throughout; leather lacing; strap- and-buckle fastening. Leather strap support at thumb. No. BXP. Each, S4.00 Spalding "League Special" No. BXS Basemen's Mill Made of finest selected brown calfskin, face, back and lining; leather lacing all around; strap- and-buckle fastening. Leather strap at thumb. e No. BXS. Each, S4.00 PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO | ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADORESSEOTOUS A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE 'CITIES )R COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOH Pricet in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price» ice tpecial Canadian Catalogue. ACCEPT NO i;i^^iiii:iKTO)H;^»ia^ GUARANTEES QUALITY Spalding Basemen's Mitts Spalding "Professional' Basemen's Mitt 4o. CO [ade of very durable olive calf- tin, face, back and lining. Cor- sctly padded and leather laced all ■ound and at thumb. Strap-and- buckle fastening. No. CO. Each, S3. 00 Spalding "Amateur" Basemen's Mitt No. CXS len's size. Made of special inned brown grained leather, lorrectly padded; laced all around nd at' thumb. Strap-and-buckle fastening. No. CXS. Each, $2.00 Spalding •• Semi-Pro" Basemen's Mitt No. CX Face of specially tanned slate- color leather, back of firm tanned brown leather, laced all around and at thumb ; extra well padded at wrist and thumb. Strap-and- buckle fastening. No. CX. Each, S2.50 Men's size. Made of oak tanned specially selected leather, laced all around and at thumb. Strap- and-buckle fastening. Very easy fitting and nicely padded. No. DX. Each, $1.50 Spalding "Amateur" Basemen's Mitt (Black) Made with black calfskin face, black leather back and lining. Properly padded; laced all around and at thumb. Strap-and-buckle fastening. No. CXR. Each, $2.00 Made of good quality black smooth leather, laced all around and at thumb. Suitably padded and will give very good service. Strap- and-buckle fastening. No. EX. Each, SI. 00 ALL STYLES MADE IN RIGHTS AND LEFTS. PLAYERS SPECIFY WHEN ORDERING FOR LEFT HANDED FULL RIGHT." PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO | ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING &, BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOO! Pricei in effect January S, 191 1. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* §ee special Canadian Catalogue. StUUHE SPALDING SPALDING FIELDERS' MITTS Spalding "Professional' Fielders' Mitt No. 5F Made of specially tanned drab leather, well padded with fine felt ; leather lined and carefully sewed and finished ; laced thumb. Strap-and-buckle fastening. No. 5F. Each, S2.00 Spalding "Amateur" Fielders' Mitt (Black) No. 8F Good quality black tanned smooth leather, well padded; leather lined; reinforced and laced at thumb. Strap-and-buckle fastening* No. 8F. Each, 8 I .OO ALL STYLES MADE Spalding "Serai-Pro' Fielders' Mitt No. 61 Face made of white tanned buck- skin, brown leather back; leather lined; laced thumb. Constructed throughout in a most substantial manner. Strap-and-buckle fas- tening. No. 6F. Each, 8 I. CO Spalding "League Jr. Fielders' Mitt I No. 9F Very popular boys' mitt. Made of oak tanned smooth leather, well padded; reinforced and laced at thumb. No. 9F. Each, SOc. RIGHTS AND LEFTS. WHEN ORDERING FOR LEFT HANDED PLAYERS SPECIFY "FULL RIGHT." "• I Spalding "Amateur' Fielders' Mitt No. 7F Face of a good quality pearl col- ored leather, with olive leather back, well padded and leather lined ; reinforced and laced at thumb. Strap-and-buckle fas- tening. No. 7F. Each, 8I.OO Spalding "Boys' Favorite" Fielders' Mitt No. 10 F Made of special tanned white lea* ther, well padded and substan- tially made; laced at thumb. No. I OF. Each, 25c PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO | ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ftLL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK Pricei in effect Janunry 5. 191 1. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* §ee ipecial Canadian Catalogue SZ THE SPALDING QUALITY Spalding Fielders Mitts Spalding "League Extra'* Pitchers' and Basemen's Mitt Made especially for Pitchers, and a very satisfactory style also for Basemen ; in fact, this is the nearest approach to an around base ball mitt that has ever been put out. Made with face of special quality white buck, and the balance of mitt with special brown calfskin. Cor- rectly padded and without hump. Laced all around and at thumb. Strap-and- buckle fastening. No. IF. Each, $3.50 Spalding "League Special" Fielders 9 Mitts The easiest, most pliable and best made fielders' mitt ever made. Molded brown calf- skin face; extra full thumb, laced; leather lined. Strap- and-buckle fastening No. 2F. Each. S3.00 This mitt is made of specially tanned black calfskin: pad- ded with best felt ; rein- forced and laced at thumb; leather lined. Strap-and- buckle fastening No. 3F. Each, S3.00 Made of the very best and softest white tanned buck- skin; the thumb and at wrist is extra well padded; laced thumb; leather lined. Strap, andbuckle fastening. No. 4F. Each, S3.00 ALL STYLES MADE IN RIGHTS AND LEFTS. FOR LEFT HANDED PLAYERS SPECIFY WHEN ORDERING FULL RIGHT." ROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING <&, BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVED OF THIS BOOK ite» in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change iian price* tee special Canadian Catalogue. SUtUHE SPALDING TRADEMARK GU S E v ES It is often very hard to express in words the reasons why one article ■which does not look so very dif- ferent J from another is yet far superior as regards its playing qualities. This is so with our No. AA1 glove. It is the same model as used by the men who bore the brunt of the playing in the World Series, as it includes in its construction their practical ideas as champion ball players. Made especially for professional players, men who must have the best thing for the purpose. Finest quality buckskin, very little pad- ding, and that in just the right prace. Leather lined throughout.. No. AA1. Each, 84. OO Spalding " Professional' Infielders' Glove (Full Leather Lined) Buckskin used in this glove is the finest obtainable. Heavily padded around edges and little finger. Made extra long to protect the wrist Leather lined throughout. 1 No. PXL. Each, $3.50 Spalding "World Scries" PROFESSIONAL MODELS Infielders' Gloves A 11 gloves described on this page are made regularly with Web of lea- ther between Thumb and First Finger, which can be cut out very easily if not required. ILLUSTRATING DIVERTED SEAMS All Spalding Infielders' Gloves are made with our patented diverted seam between fingers, adding considerably to the durability of the gloves. Patented Mar. lO, 1908 Spalding "Professional Jr.' Infielders' Glove (Full Leather Lined) Youths' professional style. Of selected velvet tanned buckskin. Material, workmanship and style same as No. PXL men's size glove. Leather li ned throughout. No. PBL. Each, $2.60 Patented Jane 38. 1910 Professional Model. This glove includes the famous King Patent lacing and adjustable padding, making it possible for a player to arrange the amount and position of the padding to suit Ms indi- vidual ideas. As we make this glove it is really two complete gloves, one inside the other. It has been highly praised by some of the greatest players on the diamond to-day who use this style glove exclusively in all their games. Finest quality buckskin. Leather lined throughout. No. BB1. Each, S4.00, I I Spalding "League Extra'* Infielders' Glove (Full Leather Lined) Finest quality black calfskin. Material and workmanship, also general design similar to No. PXL. Highest quality infielders' glove. Leather lined throughout. ,No. RXL. Each, $3.6£r All STYLES MADE IN RlGBTS AND LEFTS. WBEN ORDERING FOR LEFT HANDED PLAYERS SPECIFY "FliLI RIGHT." PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO | ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK (^ Price* in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change tee special Canadian Catalogue. Spalding Infielders' Gloves All the Gloves described below are made regularly with Web of Leather between Thumb and First Finger, which can be cut out very easily if not required. All Spalding Infielders' Gloves are made with our diverted seam (PATENTED MARCH 10. 19081 between fingers, adding considerably to the durability of the gloves. Spalding "League Special* Infielders* Glove Foil Leather Lined Made tnroughout of specially tanned calfskin. Padded with bestquality felt. Made extra long to protect wrist. Highest quality workmanship throughout. Lea- ther lined throughout No. XWL. Each. S3.00 Spalding "Semi- Pro" Infielders' Clove Made of good quality gray buck tanned leather This is a large model. Correctly padded and very popular. Welted seams. No. 3X. Each, $2.00 Spalding "Inter-City' Infielders' Glove Fall Leather Lined This is a professional style glove, made with specially padded little finger, and extra large thumb, welted seams. Made of good quality black calf. Leather lined throughout. No. 2XR. Each, $2.50 Spalding "Association 1 Infielders' Glove Foil Leather Lined Good quality olive tanned leather, nicely padded and leather lined throughout, with inside hump; welted seams. Very good value. No. 4X. Each, $2.00 Spalding " Internationa] Infielders' Glove Full Leather Lined Made of special quality smoked horse hide , professional style, with specially padded little finger and extra large thumb ; welted seams. A very practical glove. Leather lined throughout. No. 2Y. Each, $2.50 Spalding "Amateur" Infielders' Glove Good quality black tanned leather, correctly padded and extra large thumb; welted seams. Well made throughout. No. 3XR. Each, S2.00 AU STYLES MADE IN FOR LEFT HANDED PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK Price* in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price? tee special Canadian Catalogu SUBSTITUTE THE SPALDING M) TRADE- MARK \i QUALITY Spalding Infielder s' Gloves All the Gloves described below are wade regularly with web of leather between thumb and first finger, which can be cut out very easily if not required. All Spalding Infielder*' Gloves are made with our patented diverted seam PATENTED MARCH 10, 1908) between fingers, adding considerably to the durability of the gloves. SPALDING "Match" Infielders' Glove No. I I . Full size professional style glove; made throughout of special tanned buff colored lea- ther, welted seams ; correctly padded. Each, SI .60 SPALDING "Club Special" Infielders* Glove Leather Lined iHLJS^x S ^1 ' Nc ■ XL ff. •^S'^y No. XL. Made of special white tanned leather, correctly padded on professional model ; welted seams; leather lined. Each, $1 .50 SPALDING " Champion " Infielders' Glove No. XR. Full size black leather glove; professional model; prop- erly padded ; welted seams. A very popular glove. Each, SI .60 SPALDING "Practice" Infielders' Glove SPALDING " Regulation " Infielders' Glove SPALDING " Regulation " Infielders' Glove Leather Lined Leather Lined No. XS. Men's size glove. Made of good quality white velvet tanned leather; well finished, welted seams; inside hump. Each, SI .25 No. 1 6. Men's size glove. Brown tanned leather, correctly padded and 'well made; jjalm leather lined. Each, S 1 .00 No. 1 5R. Men's size. Made of good quality black tanned lea- ther, padded, with inside hump; palm leather lined. Each, Si.OO ALL STYLES MADE IN RIGHTS AND LEFTS. WHEN ORDERING FOR LEFT HANDED PLAYERS SPECIFY "FULL RIGHT." PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO | ANT COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER [^ OF THIS BOOK Price* in effect January S, 191 1. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* *ee •pecia) Canadian Catalogue SStm SPALDING TRADE-MARK ^S ES SPALDING INFIELDERS GLOVES All the Gloves described below are made regularly with web of leather between thumb and first finger, which can be cut out very easily if not reqinred. All Spalding Infielders'Glovesare made with our patented diverted seam (PATENTED MARCH 10, 1908' between fingers, adding considerably to the durability of the gloves. Spalding "Boys' Special" Intielders* Glove Full Leather Lined No. XB. Boys' professional style ; good quality special tanned white leather, welted seams ; leather lined throughout. . Each, SI.OO Public School" Infielders' Glove Leather Lined No. I 2. Full size, white tanned leather, correctly padded; inside hump; palm leather lined. Ea. 75c. Spalding Spalding "League Jr." Men's size. Black smooth tanned leather, lightly pad- ded, but extra long ; palm leather lined. No. I2R. Each, 7 5c. Spalding "Junior' Intielders' Glove \°*\ lb 5 1 No. 16 "«-— "J ^_-— Full size, white chrome tan- ned leather, lightly padded, but extra long ; palm leather lined. No. I 6. Each. 60c. Spalding "Youths'" Infielders' Glove Good size, special brown smooth tanned leather, nicely padded, and inside hump. No. 17. Each, 50c. Spalding " Boys' Amateur " Intielders' Glove Leath L 1 nea Spalding "Boys' Own' Intielders' Glove Leath L T^ Spalding " Boys' Favorite ' Youths' professional style. Special tanned white leather, correctly padded, and inside hump; palm leather lined. No. 14. Each, 50c. Made of oak tanned leather, correctly padded; palm lea- ther lined. No. 18. Each, 25c. Special tanned white leather, lightly padded and has in- side hump ; palm leather lined. No. I 9. Each, 25c. ALL STYLES MADE IN RIGHTS AND LEFTS. WHEN ORDERING FOR LEFT HANDED PLAYERS SPECIFY "FULL RIGHT' PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK Price* in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to chanee without notice. For Canadian price* tee *pecial Canadian Catalogue. StUt e THE SPALDING * SPALDINGTBASE^BALL; MASKS Spalding "World Series"* Mask ^ r „, Patent Appued Fob , . , . *-- » No. 7-0. This mask possesses a combination of good points that are not equalled in any other style. The frame is of specially annealed steel wire, extra heavy and black finish. Each joining of wires is care- fully reinforced and then heavily soldered. The padding is of the most comfortable "continuous" style ever put in a base ball mask, all hair-filled and leather covered. , Improved patent elastic head strap. ^ . 4^1 | |^i 0i_iJtfHi0 Each, 96.00 • Spalding "Special Soldered" Mask; j No. 6-0. Each crossing of the wires very heavily, soldered. Extra heavy wire frame, black finished;! continuous padding on sides, special forehead pad and molded leather chin-piece; special elastic head-' band and detachable cloth sun-shade. Each, $4,00 "f Spalding "Sun Protecting" Mask *■«* No. 4-0. With patent molded leather sun-shade, protecting the eyes without obstructing the view. Made throughout of finest steel wire, extra heavy black finish. Fitted with molded leather chin-strap, improved design; hair-filled pads, including forehead pad and special elastic head-band. Each, 84. OO <* Spalding "Neck Protecting" Mask m No. 3-0. The neck protecting arrangement affords positive protection to the neck. Finest steel wire, extra heavy and black finish, hair-filled pads and special elastic head-strap. ■••;,, «* Each, S3.SO Spalding "Semi-Pro" League Mask £ No. O-P. Extra heavy best black annealed steel wire. Special continuous side pads, leather covered, hair-filled; special forehead pad;, molded leather chin-strap; elastic head-band. ., . Each, 08.00 Spalding "Regulation League" Masks No. 2-0. Extra heavy best black annealed steel wire. Hair-filled padding of improved design, in- cluding forehead pad, and molded leather chin-strap; special elastic head-band. Each, $2.00 No. 0-X. Men's size, heavy soft annealed steel wire, finished in black. Improved leather covered pads, including forehead pad and molded leather chinr strap. Each, $1 .60 Spalding Umpires' Mask No. 6-0. With neck protecting . . attachment M and a special ear protection, nicely padded. Safest' and most con- venient. », PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO | ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO OS A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVED OF THIS BOOK in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notii special Canadian Catalogue. SUBSTITUTE THE SRALDING( . 'Each, 85. OO No. I . "Amateur." Same size as No. 0. Brown, special quality covering. Inflated. Each, 84. OO No.M, ROGER BRESNAHAN WEARING SPALDING LEG GUARDS Spalding Leg Guards for Base Ball Catchers As supplied to Roger Bresnahan.manager- catcher of St. Louis National League Club, and to other promi- nent league catchers. Knee guard of molded sole M.\ leather; leg piece padded \ with reeds; light and f^ strong; special ankle pads as pro- tection from sharp spikes. Covered with spe- cial quality white buck dressed leather. 33. Spalding Catchers' Leg Guards * ^ Pair, 86.OO "Inter scholastic." Very well made. Inflated. Each, 83. SO No. 2. "Youths'." Good size. Inflated. Each, S3.00 Spalding Umpires' Body Protectors No. L. Inflated; large size, best quatityj Each, 8 I O.OO Give length tind width required when ordering Umpires' body protectors. palding Leather Abdomen Protector Heavy sole leather, well padded with quilted lining and non-elastic bands, with buckles at side and elastic at back. For boxing, hockey, foot ball, tc. No other supporter necessary nth this style. No. S. Each, 83. OO Spalding Aluminum Abdomen Protector Aluminum, edges well padded with rubber. Elas- tic cross bands and belt. No. 3. Each. 8 3. 6 O Spalding Wire Abdomen Protector Heavy wire, well padded with woo) fleece and chamois. Leather belt, straps forfastening. Used with any of our reg- ular supporters or suspensories, f Each, 82.00 v PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to chance without notice. For Canadian price* tee special Canadian Catalogue. ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE THE SPALDING TRADEMARK GUARANTEES QUALITY Spalding Base Ball Shoes No. 30-S Sprinting Showing Solr ol Not. 30-S »nd F-W Sh<*« Sizes and Weights of Spalding Featherweight Base Ball Shoes hoc Ever Made ze of Shoe S No. FW Featherweigh Spalding Sprinting Base Ball Shoe Selected kangaroo leather and built on our famous running shoe last. This shoe is strongly made, and, while extremely light in weight, will be found sub- stantial in construction. Hand sewed and a strictly bench made shoe. Rawhide thong laces. No. 30-S. Pair, S7.00 Spalding "Featherweight" Base Ball Shoe Owing to the lightness and fineness of this shoe, it is suitable only for the fastest players, but as a lighl weight durable shoe for general use we recommend No. 30-S. Hand sewed and a strictly bench made shoe, Rawhide thong laces. No. FW. Per pair, 87. OO No. O Spalding: Club Special Carefully selected satin calfskin, machine sewed, very substantially constructed, and a first-class shoe in every particular. Steel plates . riveted to heel and sole. No. O. Per pair, SB.OO Juvenile Base Ball Shoes Spalding Amateur Special Made of good quality calfskin, ma- chine sewed; a serviceable and durable shoe, and one we can specially recommend. Plates riv- eted to heel and sole. No. 36. Per pair, S3.50 Made on special boys' size lasts; Spalding Junior A leather shoe, made on regulai base ball shoe last. Plates rivetet to heel and sole. An excelleni shoe for the money, but nol Guaranteed. No. 37. Per pair. S2.50 similar to those that we use in oui regular men's shoes. The shoes are made in the Spalding Factory and in exactly the same careful manner a! our regular line of men's shoes. Good quality material throughout and steel plates. No. 38. Furnished in boys' sizes, 12 to 5, inclusive, only. Per pair, 82. OO SPECIAL NOTICE. We recommend for use on base ball shoes to keep the leather pliable and In good condition even when shoes are used daring wet weather. "Snalrllne Wateroroof Oil for Athletic Shoes.*' Per can. 25 Cents PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO | ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK Price* in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Ca •pecial Canadian Catalogue. SK THE SPALDING TRADE-MARK TuZf Spalding Bat Bags No. 2. Heavy waterproof can- vas, leather re- iforced at ends; holds 12 bats. .Each, S3. SO 0.3. Same as above; to hold 6 bats. •" 2.00 individual Bat ■ ■ ■ ^ o. O I . Good quality heavy Leather Bat Bag, for vo bats; used by most league players. , " Each, S4.00 * $1,2.00 Doz. o. 02. Heavy waterproof canvas; leather cap at >th ends. . Each, $ I .60 * $1 6.00 Doz. o. 03. Heavy canvas; leather cap at one end. ._.. .* Each. S 1 .00 * $10.50 Doz. Spalding Special Club Bat Bag Ue ' B,ue Gray * B ™ wn Net price to clubs ordering for Entire Team. Suit 4> J .UU <**y> »«* Gray. Maroon. Navy. •The Club Special Shirt, style A The Club Special Pants, any style The Club Special Cap, any style The Club Special Web Belt No. 23; or, Solid Leather Belt No. 754; Tan, Orange or Black. Club Special Stockings, No. 3R. No. 3RC Striped Stockings in stock colors furnished at No Extra Charge if desired. Special Colors Extra, 25c. per pair. THE AMATEUR SPECIAL UNIFORM No. 4 Made of good quality cloth, and compares favorably with uniforms of other makers quoted at a much higher price. Very popular with the younger base ball players. Amateur Special Inilorm No. 4. Complete, $5.00 &A f\f) colors: white. Light Gray, Blue Met price to clubs ordering for Entire Team. Suit, >P i«vU Amateur Special Shirt, style A Amateur Special Pants, padded Amateur Special Cap, any style Amateur Special Web Belt No. 4; or, Solid Lea- ther Belt No. 754; Tan or Orange. Amateur Special Stockings No. 4R. ■ ■ ? No; 4RC Striped Stockings furnished, if desired, at No Extra Charge, but in stock colors only, To the best clubs we are now supplying regularly shirts nilh three-quarter sleeves, but ive will lurnish. without extra charge, either hall, lull or detachable sleeves. No extra charge lor lettering shirts nilh name ol club. Extra charge lor all lettering on caps. Gray, Dark Gray, Maroon, Navy Blue, Green, and Black To the best clubs we are now supplying regularly shirts with three-quarter sleeves, but we will furnish, without extra charge, either hall, hill or detachable sleeves. No extra charge lor lettering shirts with name ol club. Extra charge lor all lettering on caps. PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO | ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOH Pricei in effect January S, 191 1. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* tee apecial Canadian Catalogue. StUUHE SPALDING Spalding Junior and Youths' Uniforms We make a specialty of our Junior and Youths' Uniforms to illustrate to the young player in a practical manner just what we mean by our claims of superiority in uni- form manufacture. We use plenty of material in every article— nothing is skimped; tne sewing and finishing is carefully done, and the uniforms not only look well, tut they feel comfortable when put on and they give good service even under the roughest kind of usage. THE SPALDING JUNIOR UNIFORM No. 5 COLORS: Gray, Cardinal, Navy Blue, Blue Gray, Brown Mixed, and White This uniform is made expressly for clubs composed of boys and youths, and will stand the hardest kind of wear. Spalding Junior I'nilorm No. 5. Complete, $4.00 <+» O flf^S? Net price to clubs ordering nine or more uniforms. Suit. Cp_2.VV/ Spalding Junior Shirt, style A only Spalding Junior Pants, padded Spalding Junior Web Belt, No. 4. Spalding Junior Cap, any style Spalding Junior Stockings, No. 4R No. 4RC Striped Stockings furnished, if desired, at No Extra Charge, but in stock colors only. THE SPALDING YOUTHS' UNIFORM No Spalding Youths' Uniform No. 6. Complete, (hi AA Very well made of good quality Gray material.

■■'■ i « . . Plastrons. Fencing . Polo. Roller, Goods Posts— Backstop, Tennis HsseHnll Body EyeGLis, ladbt i Bat Dal Protection. Run ng lurks. Hockey Ice Pulleys sod Axle. Tennis Push Bail . . . Pushers. Chamois Puttees, GoU . . Racket Corrrs ltu.-k.-ts. I-awn Ter It, .Is f..i Tennis Posts H tilstle . Rings - tftrrdslng . . . Swinging . . . Honing Macblocs lloque Sacks, for Sack Racing S ,n.l..u ImiiiltBells Bcorv Books— 1 In SO Bill I . . . Basket Hall . . ilots. Base Ball Shirts - Athletic Itasr Hull . Holler . . Rkjle Hollers Skate Sundiles Base Ball .... 29 For Tlme-Lcggcd Roce 72 Skate l-'4 . . . 8T uis Net 65 Blockings ■ jpn.n Swords. Duelling . . 123 'TdlTeslee . . Cricket. Measuring Marking. Tennis . Measuring Steel . T.-.-S. Golf . . . Tetber Tennis . . Tights— Athletlo . . . Full. Wrestling' '. Knee r. l,oKg..rra . . . . ushloos I i. "i-ii. V.M.C.A. . llnriilng . . . Worsted '. '. '. tropin' Indicator Uniforms. Hose Ball Vnrnl3h for Gut . . Woods. Cnllsthenlc . Wat. ii..s. Stop . . M lit. I Wings . . lints, US-lb. . . Whistles. Referees' Njial.linir Kx.-rr,-,. r s 18. 77 PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADORESSED TO US A. G. SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK Prices in effect January 5, 1911. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue. Standard Policy A Standard Quality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy. Without a definite and Standard Mercantile Policy, it is impossible for a manufacturer to long maintain a Standard Quality. To market his goods through the jobber, a manufacturer must provide a profit for the jobber as well as the retail dealer. To meet these conditions of Dual Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to set a proportionately high list price on his goods to the consumer. To enable the glib salesman, when booking his orders, to figure out attractive profits to both the jobber and retailer, these high list prices are absolutely essential; but their real purpose will have been served when the manufacturer has secured his order from the jobber, and the jobber has secured his order from the retailer. However, these deceptive high list prices are noffair to the consumer, who does not, and, in reality, is not ever expected to pay these fancy list prices. When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their misleading but alluring high list prices, the retailer begins to realize his responsibilities, and grapples with the situation as best he can, by offering "special discounts," which vary with local trade conditions. Under this system of merchandising, the profits to both the manufacturer and the jobber are assured; but as there is no stability maintained in the prices to the consumer, the keen competition amongst the local dealers invariably leads to a demoralized cutting of prices by which the profits of the retailer are practically eliminated. This demoraliiation always reacts on the manufacturer. -The jobber insists on lower, and still lower, prices. The manufacturer in his turn, meets this demand for the lowering of prices by the only way open to him, viz. : the cheapening and degrading of the quality of his product The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that, 12 years ago, in 1899, A. G. Spalding & Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the AtK^tfc Goods Trade, and inaugurated what has since become known as "The Spalding Policy." The "Spalding Policy" eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding Goods are concerned, and the retail dealer secures his supply of Spalding Athletic Goods direct from the manufacturer under a restricted retail price arrangement by which the retail dealer is assured a fair, legitimate and certain profit on all Spalding Athletic Goods, and the consumer is assured a Standard Quality and is protected from imposition. The "Spalding Policy" is decidedly for the interest and protection of the users of Athletic Goods, and acts in two ways: First— The user is assured of genuine Official Standard Athletic Goods, and the same fixed prices to everybody. Second— As manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence in purchasing at the proper time, the very best raw materials required in the manufacture of our various goods, well ahead of their respective seasons, and this enables us to provide the necessary quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding Standard of Quality. All retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic' Goods are required to supply consumers at our regular printed catalogue prices— neither more nor less— the same prices that similar goods are sold for in our New York, Chicago and other stores. All Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalding Athletic Goods, are treated exactly alike, and no special rebates or discriminations are allowed to anyone. Positively, nobody; not even officers, managers, salesmen or other employes of A. G. Spalding & Bros., or any of their relatives or personal friends, can buy Spalding Athletic Goods at a discount from the regular catalogue prices. This, briefly, is the "Spalding Policy," which has already been in successful operation for the past 1 2 years, and will be indefinitely continued. In other words, " The Spalding Policy " is a " square deal " for everybody. A. G. SPALDING & BROS. ^jj^za^t^^. An article that is universally given the appellation *' Standard" is thereby conceded to be the Criterion, to which are compared all other things of a similar nature. For instance, the Gold Dollar of the United States is the Standard unit of currency, because it must legally contain a specific proportion of pure gold, and the fact of its being Genuine is guaranteed by the Government Stamp thereon. As a protection to the users of this currency against counterfeiting and other tricks, considerable money is expended in maintaining a Secret Service Bureau of Experts. Under the law, citizen manufacturers must depend to a great extent upon Trade-Marks and similar devices to protect themselves against counterfeit products— without the aid of "Government Detectives "or " Public Opinion " to assist them. Consequently the "Consumer's Protection " against misrepresentation and "in- ferior quality" rests entirely upon the integrity and responsibility of the "Manufacturer." A. G. Spalding & Bros, have, by their rigorous attention to "Quality," for thirty- three years, caused their Trade-Mark to become known throughout the world as a Guarantee of Quality as dependable in their field as the U. S. Currency is in its field. The necessity of upholding the guarantee of the Spalding Trade-Mark and main- taining the Standard Quality of their Athletic Goods, is, therefore, as obvious as is the necessity of the Government in maintaining a Standard Currency. Thus each consumer is not only insuring himself but also protecting other con- sumers when he assists a Reliable Manufacturer in upholding his Trade-Mark and all that it stands for. Therefore, we urge all users of our Athletic Goods to assist us in maintaining the Spalding Standard of Excellence, by insisting that our Trade-Mark be plainly stamped on all athletic goods which they buy, because without this precaution our best efforts towards maintaining Standard Quality and preventing fraudulent substitution will be ineffectual. Manufacturers of Standard Articles invariably suffer thtj reputation of being high-priced, and this sentiment is fostered and emphasized by makers of "inferior goods," with whom low prices are the main consideration. A manufacturer of recognized Standard Goods, with a reputation to uphold and a guarantee to protect, must necessarily have higher prices than a manufacturer of cheap goods, whose idea of and basis for a claim for Standard Quality depends principally upon the eloquence of the salesman. r\ We know from experience that there is no quicksand more unstable than poverty -uality— and we avoid this quicksand by Standard Quality. y^^^^^y/^^y^ PALDINQ ATHLETIC LIBRARY A separate book covers every Athletic Sport and is Official and Standard Price 10 cents each GRAND PRIX ST.L0UIS.1904 v^P^A. [yDING PARIS1900 ATHLETIC GOODS ARE THE STANDARD OF THE WORLD A. G. Spalding <3t Bros. MAINTAIN WHOLESALE and RETAIL STORES in the FOLLOWING CITIES: NEW YORK CHICAGO ST. LOUIS BOSTON MILWAUKEE KANSAS CITY PHILADELPHIA DETROIT SAN FRANCISCO NEWARK CINCINNATI LOS ANGELES BUFFALO CLEVELAND SEATTLE SYRACUSE COLUMBUS MINNEAPOLIS BALTIMORE INDIANAPOLIS ST. PAUL WASHINGTON PITTSBURG DENVER LONDON, ENGLAND BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND MANCHESTER, ENGLAND EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA •tories owned and op< -ade- Marked Athlct, ATLANTA DALLAS LOUISVILLE NEW ORLEANS MONTREAL, CANADA TORONTO, CANADA .' ny & Bros, and whprc cllofSpaldinji •c located in' the following cities: CHICAGO FRANCISCO * CHICOPEE, BROOKLYN PHILADELPHIA LONDON. iWi i» Hi LIBRARY OF CONfaKtwa 005 901 325 7 %