m 
 
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 •I 
 
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 ■•"**►< 
 
 E BOTH e 
 
 II 
 
 I 
 
 « 
 
 « 
 
 4^ 
 
 i« 
 
 «l 
 
 ANTIETAM 
 
 TO 
 
 APPOMATTOX 
 
 
 " 
 
 •i 
 
 
 CAMPAIGNS 
 PEN^SYLVAWIM VOLUNTEERS 
 
 i.^»,^»>t>'.^i 
 

 X '^ 
 
 o S 
 
 5 <n 
 
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 M i 
 
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 U 
 
I'NDER THE MALTESE CROSS 
 
 A N T I E T A M 
 
 TO 
 
 APPOMATTOX 
 
 THE LOYAL UPRISING IN 
 
 WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 1861— 1865 
 
 CAMPAIGNS 155TH PENNSYLVANIA 
 REGIMENT 
 
 NARRATED BY THE RANK AND FILE 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 THE 155TH REGIMENTAL ASSOCIATION 
 
 PITTSBURG, PA. 
 
 1910 
 

 Copyrighted, 1910, by t 
 
 JOHN T. PORTER, Financial Secretary, 
 Pillsburg, Pa. 
 
 V 
 
 All Rights Reserved. 
 
 Printing and Binding: — The Werner Co., .\kron, O., and Pittsburg. 
 
 Engraving:— J. C. Bragdon, Pittsburg. 
 
 Stenographic Work and Typewriting: — John T. Porter, Pittsburg, 
 
 I'hotographers :— Brady, Washington, D. C. ; Cargo, Pittsburg; W. S. Bell, Pittsburg; W, H. Tipton, 
 
 Gettysburg; Dabbs, Pittsburg; Dana, Pittsburg; and R. W. Johnston, Pittsburg. 
 Artists- — Edwin Forbes; David C. Blythe ; Wm. Batchelor, Pittsburg; Geo. Gillespie, Pittsburg; and 
 
 Robert E. Smalley, Pittsburg. 
 
 ^CI.A^HOSJM^'- 
 
 ^, 
 
Preface 
 
 '■ The Peninsular Campaign is a Failure! The Union Arms have not 
 EEN Victorious! They have been driven back to the Gates of Washing- 
 )N, notwithstanding all reports to the contrary!" 
 
 Had it not been for these fateful words, just quoted, uttered by Governor 
 
 -drew G. Curtin, at a great war mass-meeting, held on the West Common, 
 
 .ilegheny, Pa., on the 2-lth day of July, 1862, the history of the One Hundred 
 
 .nd Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers would probably never have been written. 
 
 Up to that period the attempted secession of the Southern States had been 
 
 e all-absorbing subject of public interest; but the real magnitude of the war 
 
 .■ the Union had not been fully realized by the people of Western Pennsylvania. 
 
 t was felt somehow that with the mighty eflforts already put forth by the Na- 
 
 "jnal Government, the Rebellion must be short-lived, and the national authority 
 
 ,01 m restored throughout the South. 
 
 The solemn and impressive declaration of the Chief-executive of the great 
 I'ommonwealth of Pennsylvania that the war thus far had been a failure awoke 
 he people with a shock to the real danger of the situation. The effect of the 
 jovernor's words was not discouraging ; they simply aroused the people from the 
 sense of false security under which they had hitherto been resting, and stirred 
 p all the latent patriotism in their hearts, resulting in a firm determination that 
 'le war henceforth should be waged relentlessly till the last armed foe to the 
 ion should ground his arms. 
 
 Many youths who had never hitherto entertained a thought of enlisting, 
 denly felt themselves impelled to enroll themselves in defense of the integrity 
 heir native land; and thus it happened that the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 e into existence. 
 
 The Itinerary and Narrative in the following pages is but a record mainly of 
 he rank and file of the Regiment, their hardships and sufferings, their sacrifices of 
 life, limb, and health, in behalf of their beloved country. 
 
 The opening Chapter begins with the firing on Sumter, the official date of the 
 beginning of the Civil War, and portrays the state of the public mind, which 
 called forth upon the stage of action the patriotic devotion to the Union of so 
 many heroic men and women in Western Pennsylvania. Their acts and sacri- 
 fices speak for themselves in the following pages. 
 
ii UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 The authors of this history mostly belonged to the rank and file of the Regi- 
 ment, and they have carefully avoided censorious criticisms, being content simply 
 to narrate their story of the stirring events of the campaigns, under the Maltese 
 Cross, the badge of the Fifth Corps, Army of Potomac, compiled from/ 
 records, diaries, home letters, and narratives of actual participants, and leavinsf 
 the reader his prerogative of passing upon the same. j 
 
 The numerous War-time illustrations and photo groups of Reunions ano 
 Monument Dedications appearing in the volume is somewhat of an innovation, 
 which, with the passage of time, will greatly enhance the work as an Illus- 
 trated Souvenir History of the greatest war of modern times. 
 
 The comrade authors are pleased to announce that the Governor, the Audi- 
 tor-General, and the Adjutant-General of the State have given their official 
 imprimatur to the contents of this volume. This approval of their labors is not 
 only most gratifying to the authors, but adds to the authenticity of the work. 
 
 E. JAY ALLEN, JOHN H. KERR, 
 
 JOHN EWING, JOHN C. SLAS, 
 
 S. W. HILL, JOHN T. PORTER, 
 
 CHARLES F. AlcKENNA, 
 
 Regimental Committee on History. 
 
*l 
 
Index to Portraits 
 
 Adams, Capt. David F 
 
 ... 705 
 
 Albree, Joseph . . 
 
 ... 38 
 
 Allabach, Col. Peter H 
 
 ... 97 
 
 Allen, Bradford . . 
 
 ... 458 
 
 Allen, David . . . 
 
 ... 459 
 
 Allen, Col. E. Jay . 
 
 
 59, 516, 
 
 620. 683, 710 
 
 Allen, Capt. Wni. E. 
 
 ... 474 
 
 Alter, T. Kins;- . . 
 
 . 449, 55G 
 
 Anderson, Corp. John 
 
 A. . . 478 
 
 Anderson, Sgt. Thoma 
 
 s C. . . 496 
 
 Anshutz, Capt. Lee 
 
 ... 100 
 
 Ashworth, Daniel . 
 
 . . . 705 
 
 Armstrong, Sgt. J. D 
 
 . . . .506 
 
 Ayres, Gen. R. B. . 
 
 ... 665 
 
 Baldwin, Theodore . 
 
 . . . 278 
 
 Bardeen. Charles 
 
 ... 601 
 
 Barr. Col. James P. 
 
 ... 44 
 
 Barrett. Corp. Spencer 
 
 P. . . 504 
 
 Bartlett, Brig.-Gen. ]o 
 
 seph T. . 326 
 
 Beals, Hiram . . . 
 
 ... 466 
 
 Bell, Lieut. Arthur \\' 
 
 ... 118 
 
 Bell, Capt. John S. 
 
 . . . T06 
 
 Bell, Capt. John T. 
 
 . . . 496 
 
 Birch, William . . 
 
 ... 683 
 
 Boisel, Capt. Daniel 
 
 . . . 706 
 
 Bollinger, Geortje . 
 
 ... 419 
 
 Booth, Sgt. Georo-e 
 
 . . . 429 
 
 Black, Col. Samuel ^^' 
 
 ... 25 
 
 Blair, Lieut. Samuel Q 
 
 . ... 477 
 
 Bradley, Corp. George 
 
 . 456, 732 
 
 Bradley, John . . 
 
 ... 705 
 
 Bradley, Ralph . . 
 
 ... 494 
 
 Bratton, George W. 
 
 . 437, 601 
 
 Brinton Capt 
 
 350 
 
 Breed, Lieut. H. A 
 
 . . . 683 
 
 Bruden, Corp. Jacob 
 
 . . . 475 
 
 Brunn, Capt. Jacob . 
 
 ... 12 
 
 Brunot, Hon. Eelix R 
 
 ... 39 
 
 Bunton, Charles . . 
 
 ... 561 
 
 Burchfield, A. P. . 
 
 ... 707 
 
 Burnside, Maj.-Gen. .^ 
 
 'l. E. 02, 579 
 
 Cain, Lieut. -Col. John 
 
 H. 117. 620 
 
 Calhoun, Ephraim J. 
 
 . . . .503 
 
 f Callen, Theophilus S 284 
 
 Campbell, Sgt. Harry S. . 
 Cargo, Lieut. Joseph M. . 
 Carnegie, Andrew . . . 
 Carson, Lieut. Alexander. 
 Carroll, Corp. James J. . 
 Chamberlain, Gen. J. L. . 
 Childs, Col. James H. 
 Childs, Miss Laura . . 
 Clapp, Capt. E. E. . . . 
 Clark. Rev. John B., D. .D. 
 Clever, Corp. Robt. O- 
 
 . . 729 
 . . 414 
 
 ■ ■ W: 
 103, 424' 
 . . 456 
 219, 694 
 . . 73 
 . . 33 
 . . 265 
 . 52, 806 
 . . 505 
 340, 620 
 . . 23 
 
 677 
 56 
 219 
 196 
 398 
 407 
 407 
 475 
 154 
 
 Cline, Major John A 
 Collier, Col. Frederick H. . . 
 Collner, Capt. William F. . . 
 297, 463 
 Collord, Lieut. -Col. James . . 
 Coulter, Gen. Richard .... 
 
 Cowan, John 
 
 Crawford, Jacob O 
 
 Craig, Isaac 
 
 Craig, John 
 
 Craig, Sgt. Washington A. . . 
 Crawford, Maj.-Gen. S. W. . 
 
 Culbert, Robert 495 
 
 Culbert, Samuel 495 
 
 Gulp, Robert R 408 
 
 Curll, Corp. D. Reid .... 475 
 Curry, Color-Corp. Henry M. . 
 
 457, 561, 583, 
 Curtin, Gov. Andrew G. . . 29, 
 Dalzell, John K. .. . 
 Davis, Corp. R. B. . . 
 Davis. Thomas D. . . 
 De Ford, Lieut. Risdon 
 Dehner. Leonard . . 
 Denniston, Capt. John T 
 Dewalt. William H. . 
 Dickson, Dr. Joseph . 
 Dickson. Dr. John . . 
 Dickson, Dr. Thomas . 
 Dickson, Thomas H. . 
 Dillon, John .... 
 Dittman, Adam . 
 
 718 
 49 
 . 456 
 402, 406 
 
 708 
 501 
 466 
 120 
 391 
 198 
 198 
 40 
 456 
 398 
 466 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Domenec, Rt. Rev. M. ... 31 
 
 Douglass, Howell 489 
 
 Douglass, Robert P. . . 546, 634 
 
 Eagan, Rev. C. L 313 
 
 Elder, Col. Jas. J 799 
 
 Errett, Maj. Russell .... 38.5 
 
 Euwer, Corp. A. N. . . .583, 609 
 
 Evans, William 384 
 
 Ewing, Lieut.-Col. John 398, 630, 683 
 
 Farley, Capt. Porter .... 187 
 
 Fillman, Josiah 466 
 
 Finnegan, James 105 
 
 Fleming, Dr. Andrew .... 34 
 
 Fleming, Corp. K. G. . . .503, 583 
 
 Fleming, John A 504 
 
 Foster," Lieut. J. A. H. . . . 503 
 
 Frick, Col. Jacob G 805 
 
 Friend, Jacob S 572 
 
 Fullerton, Nathan N 611 
 
 Fulton. Charles W 478 
 
 Fulton, Sgt. Geo. P 434 
 
 Gallaher, Dr. Thomas ]. . . . 198 
 
 Gamble, Oliver P 443 
 
 Garrard, Gen. Kenner .... 319 
 
 Garris, David 456 
 
 Gilmore, Corp. Franklin . . . 
 
 398, 596, 599 
 
 Gilson, J. H 708 
 
 Glass, Capt. John P 13 
 
 Glass, Com. -Sgt. William B. . 83 
 
 Grant, Gen. U. S. . 335. 364, 579 
 
 Gray, Calvin 509 
 
 Gregory, Col. E. M 319 
 
 Griffith, John 569 
 
 Griffin, Maj.-Gen. Charles 350. 665 
 
 Grounds, William 409 
 
 Grubbs, Capt. H. W 401 
 
 Hagan, Corp. Isaac N. . . . 481 
 
 Halleck, Gen. H. W 541 
 
 Hampton. L H 51 
 
 Hancock. Maj.-Gen. W. S. 579, 607 
 
 Harnish. Corp. Horatio S. 255. 728 
 
 Harper, Capt. Samuel .... 34 
 
 Harriger. Harry 478 
 
 Hartiiian, M^illiam D 480 
 
 Hartman. Lewis 480 
 
 Havs. Gen. Alexander . . . 256 
 
 Hays. John A 399 
 
 Hays, T. Milton 638 
 
 Hazlett, Capt. Charles E. . . 169 
 
 Heaslev. Henry W 495 
 
 Heath," Oliver M 495 
 
 Heflick, Samuel J 409 
 
 Heisey, Capt. Augustus H. . 413 
 
 Henderson, James R 509 
 
 bo, 
 
 439, 
 
 101, 
 
 F. 
 
 Hess, William 
 
 Hill, Corp. Samuel W. 453, 623, 
 Hindman, William S. . 277, 
 Hooker, Maj.-Gen. Joseph 116, 
 
 Horner, Daniel K 
 
 Howard, Rev. William D., D. D. 
 Howe, Gen. Thomas M. . . 8, 
 Huey, Capt. Ben . . . 
 Humphreys. Major-General 
 
 Andrew A 
 
 Hunter, Sgt. George . . 
 
 Hunter, John 
 
 Hunter, John F 
 
 Irwin, Sgt. James J. . 
 Irv^fin. Sgt.-Maj. John H. 
 Jackson, Brig. -Gen. Conrad 
 Jamison, John .... 
 Jenkins, Col. David T. . 
 Johnson. Rev. Herrick, D. D 
 Johnston. Capt. Charles C. 
 Johnston, David 
 Johnston. Lieut. Ed. P. 
 Johnston, James P. 
 
 Jones, B. F 
 
 Tones, Capt. William R. 
 Justice, Sgt. W. H. . 
 Kaster, James M. 
 Kerr, Capt. Benjamin B 
 Kerr. Geo. R. . . . 
 Kerr. Sgt. John H. . 
 Ketcham. W. P. . . . 
 Kier. Samuel M. . 
 King. Dr. James 
 King, Lieut, ^^'nl. H. . 
 Kirkpatrick. Sgt. D. C. 
 Kirkpatrick. Hon. John M 
 Kitchin, Dr. E. C". . 
 Kilgore, Capt. Samuel 
 Kohen, F. P. . . . 
 Kribbs, Lieut. John A 
 Kuhn, Wilbur W. . 
 Lafferty, Stanley 
 Lancaster. Sgt. J. M. 
 Lapine. Capt. Jacob 
 Laughlin. Maj. George M. 
 
 3.50, 433, 446, 680, 
 Lawson. Color-Sgt. Thomas C. 
 Lee. Lieut. Elijah M. . . 477', 
 
 Le Goullon. G 
 
 Leonard, Hugh 
 
 Lemon. Corp. Michael P.. 
 
 Lewis. John A 
 
 Lewis, Peter 
 
 Lincoln. Abraham 
 
 Linderman, F"red 
 
 471 
 683 
 441 
 135 
 439 
 30 
 49 
 .507 
 
 623, 
 
 462, 
 
 435, 
 
 796 
 431 
 444 
 536 
 477 
 128 
 
 15 
 459 
 346 
 
 37 
 368 
 490 
 399 
 399 
 
 33 
 108 
 398 
 480 
 118 
 480 
 650 
 459 
 
 49 
 
 41 
 455 
 506 
 384 
 595 
 422 
 705 
 634 
 437 
 398 
 .585 
 137 
 
 720 
 603 
 636 
 495 
 431 
 354 
 479 
 479 
 3 
 426 
 
UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Lindernian, Philip 
 
 Lindsay, William 
 
 Liken, William A 
 
 Littlehales, William .... 
 Loutzenheiser, Newell D. . . 
 
 Lowry, Hon. Jas. Jr 
 
 Locke, Col. Fred T 
 
 Logan, Sgt. William .... 
 
 Lyon, Capt. D. E 
 
 Lyon, Patrick 
 
 Lutes, J. H 
 
 Mackin, Color Corp. John H. 
 
 .344, 
 
 Mackin, John 
 
 Markle, Capt. John .... 
 Marlin, Color-Sgt. Thomas 1. . 
 
 ".iOO, 
 Marshall, Col. Charles, (C. S. A 
 
 436 
 398 
 299 
 308 
 438 
 51 
 446 
 493 
 474 
 267 
 449 
 
 583 
 540 
 454 
 
 D 
 
 Marshall, Lieut. D. Porter 
 Marshall, E. S. . . . 
 Marshall, Hawdon 
 Marshall, Thos. M. . 
 Martin, Thomas C. . . 
 Mateer, Rev. Joseph. D 
 Mathews, William . . 
 Meade, Maj.-Gen. (jeorge G. . 
 
 152, 
 Meagher, Gen. Thomas Francis 
 
 Melchi, E. R 
 
 Merriman, Jackson 
 
 Miller, A. "S 
 
 Montooth, Maj. E. A. 83, 620, 
 Montgomery, \\'illiam 
 Moody, Lieut.-Col. William H. 
 Mooney, Lieut. John .... 
 Moorhead, Hon. James K. . 
 Moorhead, Maj.-^^'illiam J. . 
 Morgan, Miss Eva 
 
 Morgan, Capt. Geo. F. . 117, 
 Morgan, Thos. E. . . . 449, 
 Murphy. Corp. Richard 
 Myers.' Alilton L. . . 
 McCabe. Sgt. \^'alter . . 333, 
 McCandless. Hon. Wilson . . 
 McCann. Dr. James .... 
 McClellan. AJaj.-Gen. Geo. B. . 
 McClelland, Capt. Geo. P. . . 
 McClelland, William \Y. . . 
 McClintock, Oliver .... 
 McCook, Dr. George .... 
 McConnell, Lieut. Daniel W. . 
 McCush, Color-Corp. Thos. 492. 
 
 McFadden, James 
 
 McFadden, Patrick .... 
 
 373 
 .501 
 447 
 225 
 51 
 488 
 323 
 436 
 
 579 
 136 
 447 
 442 
 705 
 635 
 361 
 
 24 
 477 
 
 38 
 175 
 681 
 464 
 517 
 431 
 40] 
 407 
 
 51 
 200 
 
 63 
 458 
 706 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 401 
 583 
 431 
 431 
 
 43 
 
 McFadden, Miss Rachel . . 33 
 McGimpsev, Sgt. H. W. . . 440 
 McGaughe'y, Robt. L. . . . 508 
 McKee, Capt. S. A. . . 300, 485 
 McKenna, Charles F. 623, 635, 683 
 McMillan, James A. 401, 403, 404 
 McMiUen, William C. . . . 407 
 McPherson, Color-Corp. L. E 
 
 416, 559, 561, 683 
 Negley, Maj.-Gen. James S 
 Nevil, John A. . . . 
 Nevin, Col. John L . 
 Niederlander, Joseph . 
 Nilan, Michael . . . 
 O'Brien, Col. Edward 
 O'Neill, James P. . . 
 O'Rorke, Col. Patrick H 
 Ott, Charles W. . . . 
 Palmer, Capt. J. B. . 
 Pangburn, Noah H. . ( 
 Park, Sgt. Hugh . . 
 Park, James, Jr. . 
 Parker, Sgt. James F. 
 Patterson, Col. John \A'. 
 Pearce, Lieut. James D. 
 Pearson, Gen. A. L. 11 
 Pence, Harmon . 
 Pitcairn. Robert . 
 Poland, Maj. John . 
 Porter, Gen. Fitz John 
 Porter, John T. . . .47 
 Porter, Sgt. ^^■m. D. . 
 Power, Lieut. J. T. . 
 Prestley, Rev. James, D 
 Price, Elijah N. . . . 
 Quay, Col. M. S. . . 
 Plalston, O.-M.-Sgt. John 
 Ramsey, John L. . . 
 Ramsey, Corp. \\'m. B. 
 Rankin, James A. . 
 Rankin, John .... 
 Rankin. Samuel G. 
 Rankin, Corp. William 
 Reed, Dr. J. A. E. . . 
 Reid, Maj. Bernard J. 
 Richards. James B. 
 Rippey, Col. Oliver H. 
 Robbins. Moses . 
 Rowand, A. H. Jr. . . 
 Rowe, Col. D. Watson 
 Rowlev, Gen. Thomas A 
 Russell, Corp. John C. 
 Rvan, Col. George . 
 Sackett, Edward W. . 
 Sackett. Capt. Joseph B 
 
 3, 
 
 D 
 
 4 
 468 
 
 28 
 471 
 407 
 805 
 223, 442 
 166 
 407 
 117 
 451 
 443 
 
 33 
 630 
 
 21 
 494 
 635, 663 
 448 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 665 
 
 619, 625 
 
 505 
 
 435 
 
 30 
 398 
 532 
 
 82 
 404 
 508 
 299 
 601 
 488 
 493 
 9, .592 
 679 
 443 
 
 27 
 399 
 372 
 799 
 
 20 
 508 
 245 
 449 
 230 
 
VI 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 B 
 
 Sallade, Corp. Martin \". B, 
 Savage, Mrs. Kate 
 Scott, Col. Thomas A. 
 Scott, William J. . 
 Schemerhorn, Capt. 
 Secrist, Sgt. Asbury 
 Shawhan, Sgt. Jos. . 
 Shaw, Dr. Thomas \\ 
 Sheridan, Maj.-Gen. P. H 
 Shore, Sgt.-Maj. William, Jr. . 
 360, 4-3:, 
 
 Sias, John C 490, 494, 
 
 Smith, Sgt. Albert K, 
 Smith, Gen. " Baldj' ' 
 Smith, Dill A. . . 
 Smith, George M. . 
 Smith, Jeremiah 
 Speakman, Col. Frank- 
 Stafford, Miss Mary _ 
 Stanton, Sec'y.-of-\\'ar 
 Stewart. Sgt. David 
 Stewart, Maj. R. E. 
 Strong, Lieut. James 
 Sweeney, Capt. John C. 
 Sweitzer, Bvt. -Brig. -Gen 
 
 Bowman .... 
 Sykes, Gen. George . 
 Taggart, Capt. Samuel 
 
 Taylor, Thos 
 
 Thomas, John J\L. Chapl 
 Thaw. William . . . 
 Thompson, Color-Corp. l-"rancis 
 
 487, 
 Thompson, Lieut. Robert . . 
 Thorn, Ellis C. Hosp. Steward 
 Tomer, Color-Corp. Thomas T- 
 
 M. 
 
 4-38 
 43 
 9 
 433 
 3.50 
 35.5 
 415 
 198 
 348 
 
 681 
 635 
 419 
 579 
 
 49 
 324 
 697 
 807 
 
 45 
 .541 
 480 
 707 
 346 
 428 
 
 389 
 
 665 
 
 16 
 
 466 
 84 
 35 
 
 601 
 
 434 
 
 79 
 
 164 
 
 Tyler, General E. B 
 
 Tyler, Maj. Horatio K. . . . 
 \'an Gorder, Frank .... 
 
 \'anosdol, Thos. Y 
 
 \'an Tassel, James 
 
 Wadsworth. Gen. James S. 
 
 \\'all, Tos. S. . . " 
 
 Walter, Dr. Albert G. . . . 
 ^^'alters. Color-Corp. Charles 
 
 A 494. 
 
 Ward, Maj. Frank B 
 
 \Varren, Gen. G. K. . 579. 665, 
 ^^'atson, Mrs. Ellen Murdoch . 
 Weaver, Corp. PL F. . . 197, 
 
 W^eed, Gen. S. H 
 
 Wells, Lieut. James .... 
 
 Welton, William 
 
 Weyman. William P 
 
 Whipple, Gen. Amiel \\'. . . 
 
 White, Andrew 
 
 White, Gen. Harry .... 
 ^Vhite, Corp. William John . 
 Wilkins. Hon. \\'illiam . . 5. 
 
 Will, Franklin 
 
 Williamson, R. L 
 
 Wilson, Rev. S. J., D. D. . . 
 Wilson, Surgeon W. S. . . 79, 
 
 Winger, Josiah G 
 
 Winthrop, Brig. -Gen. Fred . . 
 Wiseman. Color-Sgt. Thomas 
 
 101. 
 Witherow, ^\ illiam 
 Woll, Leopold . . . 
 Woods, Sgt. Thomas L . 366. 
 Wright, Gen. H. G. . 
 Wycoff, Sgt. Isaac 
 
 813 
 706 
 82 
 443 
 397 
 357 
 449 
 199 
 
 583 
 
 31 
 715 
 
 43 
 635 
 166 
 425 
 195 
 
 37 
 138 
 482 
 606 
 436 
 
 49 
 466 
 495 
 
 51 
 710 
 471 
 352 
 
 601 
 707 
 494 
 404 
 579 
 195 
 
Index to Illustrations 
 
 Death of Color Guards — Charge Marye's Heights .... Frontispiece 
 
 View of Pittsburg and Allegheny in 1861 xvi 
 
 The "Old 13th" in Action, 1861 18 
 
 National Officers and Delegates, United States Christian Commission . 36 
 
 Humphreys" Division Flag Insert 64-65 
 
 Lutheran Church, Sharpsburg 75 
 
 Lincoln's Visit to McClellan at .\ntietam 77 
 
 Fredericksburg, 1862 94 
 
 Stone Wall and Marye"s Heights 104 
 
 Burnside's " Muddy March " 110 
 
 Burnside " Stuck in the Mud " 112 
 
 Brig.-Gen. P. H. Allabach and Staff 114 
 
 Camp Humphreys, Near Falmouth, \'a Insert 114-115 
 
 " Hoe-Down," Camp Humphreys 123 
 
 President Lincoln and General Hooker Reviewing Army 125 
 
 Crossing Rappahannock — On Way to Chancellorsville 130 
 
 Chancellorsville House 132 
 
 Scene — Battle of Chancellorsville 134 
 
 Departure 123rd Pa. Vols, from Camp Humphreys for Home .... 143 
 
 " Sykes and Ayres " Division Flag Insert 144-145 
 
 " Reveille and Tattoo" . . . ! 148 
 
 Gettysburg, Meade's Headquarters 159 
 
 Gettysburg— July 2, 1863 161 
 
 General Warren on Little Round Top 168 
 
 Devil's Den, Gettysburg 171 
 
 General Vincent's Monument 202 
 
 Mine Run, 1908 Insert 214-215 
 
 Winter Quarters, Warrenton Junction 217 
 
 Zouave in Action 227 
 
 The " Long and the Short " in Zouave Uniform 229 
 
 Griffin's Division Flag Insert 232-233 
 
 The Bivouac " Night Before Battle of Wilderness " 241 
 
 Lieut. -General Grant's Headquarters, Culpeper Court House, May 1, 1864 242 
 
 Fifth Corps Crossing Rapidan — Germanna Ford. May 4, 1864 .... 243 
 
 Fifth Corps Replenishing Ammunition, May 5, 1864 250 
 
 Removing the Wounded at Wilderness 252 
 
 On March by Left Flank to Spottsylvania 260 
 
 General Warren and Staff at Spottsylvania 270 
 
 Fifth Corps at Spottsylvania 272 
 
 Pontoon Crossing North .^nna at Tericho Ford 274 
 
viii UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 General Meade's Headquarters in Field, 1864 280 
 
 Skirmishing — Bethesda Church 285 
 
 Petersburg, 1864 293 
 
 General G. K. Warren and Staff, Siege of Petersburg 304 
 
 Group at Corps Headquarters 31& 
 
 Fifth Corps Headquarters, Yellow Tavern, Weldon R. R 318 
 
 Squad Company C in Camp, Peebles' Farm, Petersburg 32^ 
 
 Appomattox, Showing Position of 155th Pa. Vols, on Receiving Flag of 
 
 Truce 358 
 
 McLean House, Appomattox 363 
 
 General Lee Leaving McLean House at Appomattox 369 
 
 Generals Grant, Lee and Meade and Their Staflfs at Appomattox . . 370 
 
 The Final Grand Review of the Army of the Potomac 380 
 
 155th Pa. Vols. Entering Old City Hall to Receive Welcome by City of 
 
 Pittsburg, June 5, 1865 387 
 
 Public Reception and Dinner to General A. L. Pearson and Veterans of 
 
 155th Reg. Pa. Vols, by City of Pittsburg, June 5, 1865 .... 388 
 Captain Laughlin and Private McKenna Detailed from Petersburg 
 
 Trenches to Headquarters Fifth Corps 445 
 
 " Breaking Home Ties "—Off for War 518 
 
 " Come and Get Your Quinine " 523 
 
 On the Road to Antietam — Up South IMountain 535 
 
 "How-Dye-Do, General?" 538 
 
 First Lesson in Military Manners, " Salute to Superiors " 529 
 
 Return to Company in Disgrace 531 
 
 Colonel Quay's Orderh' and 155th Stockade Guard Under Arrest . . 533 
 
 General Humphreys' Court of Inquiry 535 
 
 Interviewing Secretary Stanton Under Difificulties 543 
 
 Uncle John Mackin Joins the Ranks for Battle 545 
 
 On Temporary Provost Duty, Grant's Headquarters 561 
 
 Bivouac — Wilderness 562 
 
 Field of Battle Gettysburg from the 155th Pa. Vols. Monument . . . 561 
 
 General Meade's Headquarters, Gettysburg 553 
 
 Guarding Fifth Corps Train in Wilderness 560 
 
 Praj-er Book Found on Body of Dead Soldier at ^^'ilderness .... 566 
 Skirmishers — Hunter, Friend and Lemon, at Opening Battle of Wilder- 
 ness 573 
 
 " Hoo-doo-ed " On the Road to North Anna 577 
 
 War Time Photos of Grant and Corps Generals 579 
 
 Building Breastworks Under Fire 581 
 
 Color Guard, 1864-5 583 
 
 The Fatal Vidette Outpost, Bethesda Church 586 
 
 The Detail for Vidette Duty — Lancaster, Douglas, McKenna and Hipsley 587 
 
 Sketch of Callen's Grave, Bethesda Church 589 
 
 Final Resting Place of Theophilus S. Callen, Village Church Yard . . 591 
 Return of Regimental Flag to State of Pennsylvinia, 1866 . Insert 606-607 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. ix 
 
 Color-Sgt. Thomas J. Marlin Returning Regimental Flag to State, July 
 
 14, 1866 Insert 608-60f> 
 
 Lafayette Hall, First Re-union, 1875 635 
 
 Unveiling Monument, Sept. 17, 1886 and Re-union Group . Insert 636-637 
 
 155th Monument— Little Round Top 639 
 
 Warren's Monument. Little Round Top 651 
 
 Company E, 1894 Reunion Group 659 
 
 Company F, 1894 Reunion Group 661 
 
 Reunion 1894, Duquesne Park 670-671 
 
 Around the Camp Fire 673- 
 
 Reunion 155th Pa. Vols., Clarion 1S96 674-675 
 
 Executive Committee — Reunion, 1903 683 
 
 Reunion, 1903, Kennywood Park 684 
 
 Snapshot of Comrades — Reunion. 1903 685 
 
 Reunion, 1905, Kennywood Park 687 
 
 Regimental Executive Committee — Reunion 1905 688 
 
 Reunion, Kennywood Park 689 
 
 Reunion— Bellevue, 1906 691-3 
 
 Reunion— Bellevue, 1906 695-6- 
 
 Dress Parade and Review of Survivors By Colonel Allen, Bellevue, 
 
 1907 698-9 
 
 General A. A. Humphreys' Monument 701 
 
 Reunion, at Unveiling Monument to General Humphreys, Fredericks- 
 burg. Nov. 1], 1908 70» 
 
 The Allegheny County Soldiers' Memorial Hall, 1910 711 
 
 City of Pittsburg, 1910 794 
 

Table of Contents 
 
 LOYAL UPRISL\G IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANL\: 
 INTRODUCTORY— Epitome of Events, ISGl-lSG"? . . 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTERS:— 
 
 I Aluster-iii at Pittsljurg — Forced March to Train .... 46 
 
 II Arrival in Washington, Camp Chase 62 
 
 III Forced March to Antietam 68 
 
 IV Scenes and Events in Camp McAuley. Antietam .... 81 
 V Fredericksburg Campaign, Dec. 186-.' 91 
 
 VI General Hooker — Chancellorsville 115 
 
 VII Return to Camp Humphreys — Forced Marches .... 142 
 
 VIII The Battle of Gettysburg 160 
 
 IX Scenes and Incidents of the Battle of Gettyslnirg . . . 179 
 
 X Retreat of the Confederate Army — Aline Run 304 
 
 XI The Battle of the Wilderness 340 
 
 XII The Battles of Laurel Hill and Spottsylvania 359 
 
 XIII Battles of North Anna— Bethesda Church— Cold Harbor . 371 
 
 XIV Petersburg Campaign — Weldon Railroad 392 
 
 XV Hatcher's Run. Weldon Railroad Raid 317 
 
 XVI Five Forks — Appomattox — Surrender — Paroling .... 343 
 X\TI Appomattox Incidents — Homeward Alarch — Grand Re- 
 view, Washington — Home Reception — Mustered Out 371 
 
 COMPANY HISTORIES— PERSONAL 
 ETC.— 1863-181).-) :— 
 
 Memories of Company A . 
 Organization of Company B . 
 Last Two Years in Company B 
 Company C, the Color Company 
 In the Ranks of Company D 
 Officers and Men of Company E 
 Roll Call of Company F . . 
 Sketch of Company G . . . 
 
 Company H 
 
 Recollections of Company I . 
 
 With the Colors. Reminiscences of 
 
 Company K 
 
 SKETCHES. CASUALTIES, 
 
 Bv Wm. H. Dewalt . . 
 
 391 
 
 By H. F. Weaver . . . 
 
 400 
 
 By Tas. A.. McMillan . . 
 
 402 
 
 By Jos. M. Cargo . . . 
 
 412 
 
 Bv William T- Scott . . 
 
 423 
 
 Bv Noah H. Pangburn . 
 
 432 
 
 Bv Samuel W. Hill . 
 
 453 
 
 By John A. Kribbs . . 
 
 463 
 
 Bv Tohn T. Porter . . 
 
 472 
 
 Bv John C. Sias . . . 
 
 485 
 
 Bv Thomas I. Marlin 
 
 499 
 
Xll 
 
 L'XDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES BY COMRADES :- 
 
 The Colonel's Tribute By Edward Jay Allen 
 
 " Breaking Home Ties " . . . . By Thomas E. Morgan 
 
 How I Found My Regiment . . By W. Stockton Wilson 
 
 The Rise and Fall oj. an " Orderly " By John T. Porter . . 
 
 Quay's Quandary By John T. Porter . 
 
 The Battle of Fredericksburg . . By Henry F. ^^'eaver . 
 
 Uncle John Alackin's War Exper- 
 ience By Charles F. jMcKenna 
 
 W'ithin the Enemy's Lines — Chan- 
 
 cellorsville By Robert P. Douglass 
 
 At Gettysburg — Under Front and 
 
 Rear Fire By Henry F. Weaver . 
 
 The Kiskiminetas Squad .... By J. King Alter . 
 
 With Grant at Opening of Wilder- 
 ness By L. E. ]\IcPherson . 
 
 W'ounded and a Prisoner .... By John Griffith . . . 
 
 My Capture and Prison Life . . . By Jacob S. Friend . 
 
 The Battle of North Anna ... By Charles F. McKenna 
 
 Perils of \'idette Duty By John M. Lancaster 
 
 Story of the Regimental Surgeon . By J. M. E. Reed . . 
 
 Reminiscences of Hatcher's Run 
 
 and Five Forks By Elias A. Kitchin 
 
 At the Front and in the Hospital . By P'ranklin Gilmore . 
 
 The Flag of the One Hundred and 
 
 Fifty-fifth By Thomas C. Lawson 
 
 Return of Regimental Flag to 
 
 State, 18G6 ! ' . . By S. \\'. Hill . . . 
 
 A Country Boy in the Army . . By Arch N. Euwer . 
 
 Campaigning with Company A. . By Nathan N. Fullerton 
 
 The Charge at Five Forks . . By J. A. McDowell 
 
 The Last Man Killed in the Army 
 
 of the Potomac By John H. Kerr . . 
 
 Memories of Appomattox . . . By George M. Laughlin 
 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 in War and in Peace. A Roll 
 
 Call of Survivors By John T. Porter . 
 
 515 
 517 
 520 
 526 
 532 
 537 
 
 540 
 
 546 
 
 550 
 556 
 
 559 
 568 
 572 
 576 
 585 
 593 
 
 594 
 596 
 
 600 
 
 606 
 609 
 611 
 613 
 
 614 
 616 
 
 619 
 
 REUNIONS AND DEDICATIONS:— 
 
 Organization of Regimental Association 633 
 
 First Reunion. 1875— Old LaFavette Hall 633 
 
 Reunion. Pittsburg, Sept. 12, 1884 660 
 
 Unveiling Monument and Reunion. Gettyslnirg. Sept. 17, 1886 . 637 
 Dedication of State Monument to Regiment, on Little Round Top, 
 
 Gettysburg, Sept. 18, 1889 . . " 649 
 
 Reunion 'at Clarion, Pa., July 29 and 30th, 1896 676 
 
 Reunion at Kennywood Park, 1903 682 
 
 Reunion at Bellevue Club, June 25, 1906 690 
 
 Dedicator}- Ceremonies, Fredericksburg, Nov. 11, 1908 .... 703 
 Unveiling of General Humphreys' Monument, Nov. 11, 1908 and 
 
 Regimental Reunion 704 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 xiu 
 
 MEMOIRS AND SKETCHES:— 
 
 Action on Death of General W^arren 
 
 Corporal Harr}' M. Curry .... 
 
 Brevet-Major George M. Laughlin 
 
 Colonel John H. Cain 
 
 Brevet-Major-General A. L. Pearson 
 
 Captain Samuel A. McKee . . 
 
 Captain George Pressley McClelland 
 
 Corporal Horatio S. Harnish, Com- 
 pany H 
 
 Sergeant Henry R. Campbell. Com- 
 pany B 
 
 Reverend Joseph Mateer. D. D., 
 Chaplain 
 
 Corporal George Bradley, Compan}' 
 
 Color-Sergeant Thomas J. Marlin . 
 
 Color-Sergeant Thomas Wiseman . 
 
 Brevet-Major Samuel Kilgore . 
 
 Private James P. O'Neil. Company 
 E ". 
 
 Colonel Peter H^Allabach. 131st 
 Pa. Vols, f 
 
 Colonel Patric/H. O'Rorke. 140th 
 N. Y. Vols 
 
 Frederick Winthrop, Brevet-Major- 
 General, U. S. Vols 
 
 Stephen H. Weed, Brigadier-General 
 
 Regimental Minute . . . 
 By Col. E. Jay Allen . . . 
 
 Resolutions 
 
 Resolutions 
 
 Resolutions 
 
 By Sgt. John H. Keer . . 
 By His Pastor 
 
 716 
 
 ;ir 
 
 719 
 723 
 724 
 
 725 
 736 
 
 PJy ^\'m. D. Hartman . . . 
 
 737 
 
 By Richard M. Davis . . 
 
 730 
 
 Bv Colonel John Ewing . . 
 f' . . . ." 
 
 731 
 
 732 
 
 By Rev. J. A. Thompson . 
 By Alexander Dempster . . 
 Resolutions 
 
 733 
 
 734 
 735 
 
 Press Obituarj' 
 
 736 
 
 Press Obituary 
 
 737 
 
 B}' Captain Porter Farley . 
 
 738 
 
 I'.y Maj. Geo. M. Laughlin . 
 I'Vom U. S. Register . . . 
 
 739 
 741 
 
 ROSTERS:— 
 
 Field and Stafif— Rank and File— Revised to Date ... 743 to 792 
 
 Field and Staff 745-746 
 
 Company A 747-751 
 
 Company B 751-755 
 
 Companv C 756-760 
 
 Company D 760-764 
 
 Company E 764-769 
 
 Company F 769-773 
 
 Company G 774-778 
 
 Company H 778-783 
 
 Company I 782-786 
 
 Company K 787-791 
 
 Record of 155th Pa. Infantry 792 
 
 APPENDIX :- 
 
 Sketches of Regiments Composing Humphreys' Division in An- 
 tietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville Campaigns and 
 Ofificial Reports 795 
 
.^ '9 
 
U N ION 
 
 AND 
 
 CONSTITUTION 
 
 n^Tiii RamiiMii 
 
Epitome of Events, 1861-1863. 
 
 N EPITOME of the rapidly forming events of 1861 to 1863, trans- 
 piring in Western Pennsylvania up to the summer of 1863, when 
 iJBJ^BW the youths composing the rank and file of the One Hundred and 
 MxJJ^mS j Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Regiment volunteered for the Union cause, 
 is believed to be a fitting introduction to the history of the campaigns 
 of the Regiment. In this chapter, therefore, will be found a summary of impor- 
 tant events and incidents occurring in the Nation and locally during the first 
 year of the war. 
 
 All Western Pennsylvania had been aroused by certain acts and declarations 
 of Southern representatives in the closing days of 1860. So that when an order 
 from the Secretary of War, John B. Floyd, was issued directing the shipment 
 of heavy ordnance from the Allegheny Arsenal to distant points in the South 
 for fortifications, the greatest indignation of the citizens of Pittsburg was 
 aroused. Already some of the cannon had been conveyed to the steamer Silver 
 Wave at the Pittsburg wharf, when a public meeting was called and held in 
 January, 1861, on the Court House grounds in Pittsburg. It was a representative 
 meeting of loyal citizens. Prompt action was taken in protesting against the 
 removal of the cannon. James Buchanan, the President of the United States, 
 had many warm personal friends in Western Pennsylvania, and in response to 
 the demand of the citizens at this meeting at the Court House, presided over by 
 Doctor George McCook, Sr.. it was resolved that a formal protest should be 
 telegraphed to the President. The telegram read as follows : 
 
 " James Buchanan, President of the United States : 
 
 'J " Sir — An order issued by the War Department to transfer the effective 
 munitions of war from the Arsenal in this city to Southern military posts has 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 DR. GEORGE McCOOK. 
 
 created great excitement in the public 
 mind. We would advise that the 
 order be immediately comitermanded. 
 We speak at the instance of the peo- 
 ple, and if not done, cannot answer 
 for the consequences. 
 
 " William Wilkins, 
 " William F. Johnston, 
 " Thomas Williams, 
 " Charles Shaler." 
 
 On the receipt of this telegram 
 the President promptl_v counter- 
 manded Secretary Floyd's order for 
 the removal of the cannon, and the 
 excitement tliereupon subsided. 
 
 President-elect Lincoln in 
 Pittsburg. 
 
 On the evening of I'ebruary 14, 
 18G1, occurred another important 
 event in the history of this period. 
 This was the arrival from Springfield, 111., of Abraham Lincoln, President-elect, 
 en route to be inaugurated President of the United States. He was received at 
 the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway station, on Federal street, Alle- 
 gheny City, by an immense multitude, anxious to see the man destined to fill 
 the most important position in the most critical crisis of the American nation for 
 the four years to follow. 
 
 On Smithfield street, at the Monongahela House, the crush was so great 
 that the military companies were required to clear the way for the Presidential 
 carriages. In response to loud and repeated calls for a speech, Mr. Lincoln stood 
 upon a chair in the lobby of the hotel, and begged to be excused from then ad- 
 dressing the assemblage, declaring that he had promised the Reception Com- 
 mittee that he would have " a few words " to say to the public the next morning. 
 He facetiously said, " Some people think I am like a town pump," referring to 
 the persistent demands for a speech. — " that all that has to be done is to shake 
 my hand and demand a speech and it will come like the water upon shaking the 
 handle of the pump." 
 
 The military. General James S. Negley in command, formed the Presidential 
 escort while the President was in the city. The ne.xt morning fully ten thousand 
 people gathered around the Monongahela House to hear Mr. Lincoln's promised 
 speech from the portico of the Hotel, on Smithfield street. His patriotic ad- 
 dress on that occasion lasted but fifteen minutes. It was remarkable, as was 
 his subsequent address at Gettysburg, for its simple, easily-understood utter- 
 ances, all appealing to his countrymen to act for the good of the country, and 
 
UNDER THE ^FALTESE CROSS. 
 
 ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 
 
4 UNDER THE AIALTESE CROSS. 
 
 to be true to the Constitution and the laws under which the Nation in the provi- 
 dence of God had so prospered. This speech had a decided effect in enhghtening 
 the people of the whole country as to Mr. Lincoln's broad statesmanship and 
 comprehension of the conditions confronting the Nation at that time. 
 
 The First C.vll to Arms. 
 
 With the dawn of real war caused by the firing on Sumter on April 13, 
 1861, the call to arms in Western Pennsylvania was promptly sounded, and with 
 Pittsburg as the metropolis, nowhere else was there quicker and heartier response. 
 On the 15th of April the President's first call to the States for seventy-five 
 thousand militia to serve for three months was issued. At that date there were 
 still living and active in the crmmunity many survivors of the Mexican War. 
 
 These men still preserved the martial 
 spirit of veterans : and because of their 
 military experience, they were among 
 the first to volunteer in response to the 
 call of the President. They were re- 
 warded with commissions, and at once 
 set about organizing companies and 
 regiments. 
 
 Chief among those patriotic surviv- 
 ors of the Mexican \\'ar may be men- 
 tioned General James S. Negley, com- 
 manding the State militia of Allegheny 
 county in 1860 and 1861; Colonel 
 Thomas A. Rowley ; Colonel Robert An- 
 derson ; Captain Alexander Hays ; Cap- 
 tain Oliver H. Rippey ; Captain Samuel 
 W. Black : and Captain Samuel A. Mc- 
 Kee. Nor at that date had all the veter- 
 ans of the War of 181"3 passed away. 
 
 MAJ.-GEN. JAMES S. NEGLEY. -r, , • -^ ^ 1 I „„ tU„-<. 
 
 ■^ riiough mcapacitated by age, these 
 
 venerable patriots became enthusiastic, and exerted patriotic influence by their 
 language and loyal sentiment in support of the country's flag. 
 
 Fro.mpt Filling of Quota. 
 
 Soon regiments and companies were recruited, and promptly placed at the 
 disposal of the Governor of the State, in numbers far surpassing the quota of 
 Western Pennsylvania. This produced great rivalry in recruiting. 
 
 The companies and regiments thus promptly recruited and mustered into 
 service from Allegheny county and Western Pennsylvania were all assigned to 
 the army of General Robert Patterson, of Philadelphia, a distinguished soldier 
 of the Mexican War. The troops of this command were ordered by the Gov- 
 ernment at Washington to remain at points in Pennsylvania — at York, and 
 alouF the Northern Central Railroad to guard it from raids bv bodies of the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 5 
 
 enemy in Maryland and \'irginia, who frequently threatened the Hne of com- 
 munication with the troops in Washington and at the front. This military ex- 
 perience, however, was beneficial in educating officers and men in the school 
 of a soldier ; and at the end of their term of service these companies and regi- 
 ments served as the nucleus to furnish numerous colonels and generals and of- 
 ficers of rank to regiments organized later to serve three years or during the war. 
 As indicating the promptness of the responses, Colonel R. P. McDowell, of 
 Pittsburg, with three companies, was mustered into the United States service 
 
 HON. WILLIAM WILKINS. 
 
 on April 30, 18G1, and made Colonel of the Fifth Regiment Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers. 
 
 From Sunday, April 14th, to Wednesday, April 2Jb, 1861, the record shows 
 that there had been recruited, armed, and sent to the front from Allegheny 
 county two thousand volunteers, and that as many more had tendered their 
 services to go on an hour's notice. 
 
 Gre.\t W.ar Mass Meeting. 
 
 The prompt action of the citizens of Pittsburgh, on the news of the firing 
 on Fort Sumter, was indicated by a mass meeting of the citizens of Allegheny 
 
6 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 county and vicinity, held at City Hall on the evening of April 15th, just two 
 days after the fall of Sumter. The meeting was so largely attended that there 
 was not space for all who applied for admission, and man}- hundreds were turned 
 away. 
 
 Honorable William W'ilkins, who presided at that great mass meeting, had 
 been a prominent Democrat, and a friend of General Jackson. He was called 
 from his retirement and the tranquility of his old age to preside at this great 
 meeting. The intense ardor of his eloquent and patriotic appeal for the preser- 
 vation of the Union had an electrical effect on the audience, and exerted a lasting 
 influence on the community. Colonel James P. Barr, editor of the " Post " ; 
 William Neeb, of the " Freiheits Freund " ; Honorable Thomas J. Bigham; and 
 James Park, Jr., were appointed to draft resolutions on the state of the country. 
 
 At this great mass meeting addresses of great force and eloquence were 
 also made by Honorable Thomas M. Marshall, Honorable P. C. Shannon, Hon- 
 orable A. W. Loomis, Honorable Robert ]\IcKnight, Doctor E. D. Gazzam, Ex- 
 Governor William F. Johnston, and Marshall Swartzwelder, Esq. 
 
 The resolutions read by Colonel James P. Barr, Chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Resolutions, and unanimously adopted at the mass meeting, pledged 
 the support of the people of the community without regard to party, to President 
 Lincoln's administration in support of the laws and Constitution of the United 
 States, and the preservation of the Union, until the Great Rebellion against the 
 Government should be suppressed. Judge Wilkins, as Chairman, announced the 
 Committee of Public Safety, whose duty among other objects was declared to be 
 " to keep a sharp lookout for traitors." The following citizens constituted the 
 Committee of Public Safety, who, throughout the entire period of the war, de- 
 voted their time and means unremittingly to the patriotic duties of the times. 
 The names and memories of every one of these loyal citizens deserves to be per- 
 petuated in the history of the country as examples of devoted patriotism : 
 
 Wm. J. Morrison. 
 James P. Barr, 
 Wm. F. Johnston, 
 Dr. Geo. McCook, 
 John Marshall, 
 Thos. J. Bigham, 
 Joseph Dilworth, 
 Chas. Barnes, 
 David Fitzsimmons, 
 C. L. Magee, Sr., 
 John Harper, 
 Andrew Miller, 
 James Park, Jr., 
 C. H. Paulson, 
 Alex. Nimick, 
 N. P. Fetterman, 
 John D. Scully, 
 
 David E. Bayard, 
 Jonas R. McClintock, 
 James Kelly, 
 James Salisbury, 
 Wm. Martni, 
 Wm. Robinson, Jr., 
 Wm. Bishop, 
 Harry Wainright, 
 Wm. H. McGee, 
 Dr. Thos. J. Gallaher, 
 Thos. Steele, 
 Russell Errett, 
 Wm. Caldwell, 
 Dr. Ed. Simpson, 
 Dr. James King, 
 John J. Dravo, 
 Joseph R. Hunter, 
 
 Samuel Rodgers, 
 Alfred Slack, 
 Christopher Zug, 
 John Birmingham, 
 John Wright, 
 John McDonald, 
 Wm. Barnhill, Jr., 
 Wm. Owens, 
 Jared AI. Brush, 
 Robert Morrow, 
 John M. Killen, 
 Christopher Magee, 
 Colonel Leopold Sahl, 
 Dr. Wm. M. Simcox, 
 Alexander Speer, 
 Henry Hays, 
 Joshua Rhodes, 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Dr. Geo. S. Hays, 
 Benjamin Coursin, 
 John Mackin. 
 A. G. Lloyd, 
 John J. Muse, 
 Wm. Bagley, 
 Thos. M. Howe, 
 C. W. Ricketson, 
 Joseph Kaye, 
 J. B. Poor, 
 J. Herron Foster, 
 Chas. AlcKnight, 
 Wm. Neeb, 
 John D. Bailey, 
 John W. Riddell, 
 James A. Sewell, 
 Wm. M. Lyon, 
 Thomas Bakewell. 
 Wm. J. Howard, 
 Sol. Schoyer, Jr., 
 John P. Pears, 
 Reuben Miller, Jr., 
 Henry L. Ringwalt, 
 Geo. W. Wilson, 
 James Rees, 
 J. W. Barker, 
 R. H. Patterson, 
 W. K. Nimick, 
 Geo. S. Gallupe, 
 A. Nicholson, 
 David F. McKee, 
 Wm. Phillips, 
 Wm. M. Edgar, 
 Dr. L. Oldshue, 
 Dr. Geo. L. McCook, 
 Robt. McElherron, 
 Frederick H. Collier, 
 Thos. A. Rowley, 
 James Herdman, 
 Andrew Scott, 
 S. H. Keller, 
 
 Wm. M. Hirsh, 
 Chauncey B. Bostwick, 
 Nat. Holmes, Jr., 
 Samuel Riddle, 
 John Scott, 
 Thos. B. Hamilton, 
 Arch. McBride, 
 Andrew Fulton, 
 Wm. Simpson, 
 Alexander Hilands, 
 George A. Berry, 
 William Carr, 
 James Benn}', Jr., 
 J. B. Canfield," 
 H. L. Bollman, 
 Wm. B. Holmes, 
 David D. Bruce, 
 Wm. A. Lare, 
 Robert Finney, 
 
 A. L. Russell, 
 N. P. Sawyer, 
 Wm. S. Lavely, 
 
 B. F. Jones, 
 E. P. Jones, 
 
 P. C. Shannon, 
 Dr. E. D. Gazzam, 
 Geo. P. Hamilton, 
 Thos. M. Marshall, 
 J. R. T. Noble, 
 Henry McCullough, 
 James A. Hutchinson, 
 Francis Sellers, 
 D. S. Steward, 
 Henry A. Weaver, 
 R. H. Hartley, 
 J. R. Murphy, 
 Geo. W. Irwin, 
 John M. Irwin, 
 Wm. C. Barr, 
 James Floyd, 
 Alex. Moore, 
 
 James Verner, 
 John N. Tiernan, 
 Thomas S. Blair, 
 Samuel McKelvy, 
 John N. McClowry, 
 G. L. B. Fetterman, 
 Max. K. Moorhead, 
 George W. Cass, 
 Walter H. Lowrie, 
 Dr. E. Dilworth, ■ 
 David Irwin, 
 Andrew Burke, 
 James R. Hartley, 
 Wm. G. McCartney, 
 John Atwell, 
 M. L Stewart, 
 Robt. B. Guthrie, 
 Hugh McAfee, 
 Hugh Kane, 
 Samuel Cameron, 
 R. J. Grace, 
 Joseph Woodwell, 
 John McDevitt, 
 James B. Murray, 
 James McAuley, 
 Adams Getty, 
 Edward Gregg, 
 John Dunlap, 
 John C. Dunn, 
 John Brown, 
 John E. Parke, 
 A. W. Loomis, 
 Wm. Wade, 
 John GraJiam, 
 Wm. Holmes, 
 Daniel Negley, 
 Wm. Woods, 
 George H. Thurston, 
 Edward Campbell, Jr., 
 Wm. H. Smith, 
 John P. Penny. 
 
 Organization of Committee of Public Safety. 
 
 The Committee of Public Safety, thus appointed by Judge Wilkins, promptly 
 organized by the selection of General Thomas M. Howe as chairman. General 
 
8 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Howe had been for many years one of the most prominent and successful busi- 
 ness men of Pittsburg. He entered upon the active duties of the position, which 
 became so absorbing as to take up his entire time so that his private business was 
 turned over to others. As the war progressed, General Howe's duties as chair- 
 man of the Committee of Public Safety were very much increased. In his 
 strenuous labors throughout the four years of the war, he presented the highest 
 type of patriotism. As long as a veteran of the Civil War or his descendants 
 survives in Allegheny county the memory of this esteemed and patriotic citizen 
 should be cherished for his great services to the Union cause. 
 
 GEN. THOMAS M. HOWE. 
 
 The various sub-committees of the Committee of Public Safety were quickly 
 organized, — the Executive Committee, Committee on Transit of Munitions of 
 War, Committee on Support of Volunteers not yet Accepted by the Government, 
 Committee for the Aid of Families of Volunteers, and later the Subsistence 
 Committee, etc. 
 
 Under the supervision of this Committee of Public Safety Allegheny's 
 quota of volunteers was speedily raised in answer to President Lincoln's first 
 call for seventy-five thousand men. This was the beginning of the Committee 
 of Public Safety's activity in aid of the LInion cause. Not only did the city and 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 county furnish soldiers for the war, but during the entire period the manu- 
 facturers, merchants, and the banks of the city aided the Government in sup- 
 plying equipment, clothing, food, and money. On April IT, 1861, the Board 
 of Bank Presidents sent a telegram to the Governor stating that, " The banks 
 of Pittsburg will cheerfully respond to the call for money to meet tiie late ap- 
 propriation to be used in enabling the Government to sustain the Constitution 
 and the laws." 
 
 Services of Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 
 Simultaneous with these early events should be mentioned the patriotic 
 part and prompt service rendered by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company tc^ 
 the cause of the Union. J- Edgar Thompson was President of the Railroad. 
 Thomas A. Scott was Vice-President, 
 and Andrew Carnegie was serving as 
 Superintendent of the Pittsburg Di- 
 vision. At the special request of 
 Honorable Simon Cameron, Secretary of 
 War, Vice-President Scott was asked to 
 report in Washington to place the rail- 
 road and telegraph lines in proper con- 
 dition and control to co-operate with 
 military movements, and to meet all 
 emergencies. 
 
 At Colonel Scott's request Andrew 
 Carnegie was detailed to accompany and 
 assist Colonel Scott in this branch of the 
 work. This was early in April, 1861, 
 and Mr. Carnegie was first placed in 
 charge of the United States Military 
 Telegraph Corps, with headquarters at 
 Alexandria, Va. Mr. Carnegie organized 
 and operated this Military Telegraph 
 Department until November, 1861, estab- 
 lishing it on so firm a basis and putting it into such thorough working order that, 
 at President Thompson's request, he was relieved and returned to duty as Super- 
 intendent of the railroad for the Western Division of Pittsburg. The transpor- 
 tation of troops and military supplies for the vast armies in the field had so- 
 increased and had become of so paramount importance to the railroad company^ 
 and to the Nation that Mr. Carnegie was called upon to discharge the strenuous- 
 duties of the position. On this important duty he served during the remainder 
 of 1861 and throughout 1862, discharging the difficult duties of the position so- 
 successfuUy as to merit the highest encomiums of the officials of the railroad 
 company and also of the Government. The record of this period will establisli 
 beyond a doubt that no official of the Government rendered greater service to- 
 the cause of the Union than did Mr. Carnegie, by his extraordinary foresight 
 in the prompt transportation of troops and supplies to the points of army activi- 
 
 COL. THOMAS A. SCOTT. 
 
10 
 
 UNDER THE },IALTESE CROSS. 
 
 ties. His great services as organizer and first chief of the United States Military 
 Telegraph Corps were of vital importance in military campaigns. They are 
 matters of history, and the value of that corps to the army in the field cannot be 
 overestimated. 
 
 It may lie well to mention in this connection the prompt and efficient services 
 
 ANDREW CARNEGIE. 
 
 of Robert Pitcairn, Superintendent of the Altoona Division of the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad. 
 
 Ukiox ]^I.\ss AIeetixgs. 
 During 1861 and the spring of 186"2, war meetings continued to be held 
 nightly in Pittsburg, Allegheny, and vicinity. Lecturers became public advo- 
 cates for the Union. Ministers and lawyers went on the platform to plead the 
 cause of the country. Many halls and rooms were rented for meetings. Henry 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 11 
 
 Ward Beecher, of New York, was one 
 of the earliest of these war orators in the 
 country, and later he was appointed to 
 visit Great Britain, there to deliver Union 
 orations to the English people. After 
 him came Professor Amasa McCoy, of 
 the Smithsonian Institute, an orator of 
 national reputation, who spoke at a great 
 mass meeting in the Opera House at 
 Pittsburg. Many other orators of na- 
 tional fame delivered stirring addresses 
 for the Union in all the large cities. 
 Clergymen preached patriotic sermons. 
 Teachers caught the inspiration. Every- 
 body anxiously awaited events that came 
 all too soon and all too sad. 
 
 A Flag Incident. 
 
 The intense patriotism of the times robert pitcairn. 
 
 manifested itself in the universal dis- 
 play of the flag, so that bunting soon became a scarce article. An incident 
 happened at this period which showed the trend of the public mind. About the 
 year 179S the United States Government erected a fort on a site fronting on 
 the Allegheny river and bounded by Hand street, Libert}' avenue and Garrison 
 alley. In 18G1 the storehouse and barracks of this fort, at the corner of Penn 
 street and Garrison alley, was still standing, being in charge of Major Henry 
 Talliaferro, U. S. A. The Major was a \'irginian, a man at that date well over 
 seventy years of age. He had served as an ensign in the War of 1812, and had 
 been with General Andrew Jackson at the battle of New Orleans. When, amid 
 the extensive display of bunting throughout the city, this rendezvous and bar- 
 racks was distinguished onl}- by its absence, suspicion was excited. The old Gov- 
 ernment buildings mentioned continuing to be flagless, a few ropes were strung by 
 over-loyal people on nearby lamp posts to intimidate all disloyal persons, and 
 specially as a hint to Major Talliaferro, in command of the rendezvous. An 
 anonymous letter conveyed to the Major the purpose of these ropes, and demanded 
 that he show his colors immediately by putting out the flag on the public buildings, 
 under pain of being publicly denounced as a traitor. This epistle was secretly at 
 night tacked upon the door of the barracks. The Major, on discovering the insult- 
 ing aspersion, vehemently denounced the anonymous author of the letter. He 
 published a card in all the daily papers announcing his sincere loyalty to the 
 Union cause, and declaring that repeated requisitions for flags had been made, in 
 answer to which the Government had reported that it had run out of bunting, and 
 that his requisitions had been delayed. This card satisfied the people of the 
 venerable patriot's loyalty, and the incident was closed. 
 
12 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 A Central ^Iilitary Rendezvoi's. 
 
 The rapid arrival and departure of large bodies of troops from points in 
 Western Pennsylvania outside of Pittsburg, and from Ohio and the West, most 
 of whom remaining over for various periods of time, converted Pittsburg in 
 those days into a great military rendezvous. 
 
 The Pennsylvania volunteers who were not accepted by the United States 
 Government under the first call of the President did not disband, but con- 
 tinued their organizations. The wise provision of Governor Andrew G. Curtin 
 in recruiting at this period the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps for future emer- 
 
 CAPT. JACOB BRUNN, FRIEND RIFLES. 
 
 gencies resulted in the forming of two great camps, namely. Camp Wilkins, 
 on the old State Fair grounds at Penn and Twenty-ninth street ; and Camp 
 Wright, at Hulton's station. Camp Wilkins was established April "27, 1861, and 
 named in honor of the distinguished Honorable William Wilkins. Camp Wright 
 was organized on May 28, 1861, by General George A. McCall, of Philadelphia, 
 an officer of the Regular Army detailed by Governor Curtin for that purpose. 
 It was at first called " Camp McCall." 
 
 At one time, at a meeting in Wilkin's Hall, Pittsburg, forty-six complete 
 companies were reported as organized, representing over four thousand men 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 13 
 
 ready for war. The local militia were also well organized and splendidly 
 equipped. Parades, reviews, drilling, flag presentations and dress-parades were 
 every-day occurrences in Camp Wilkins and Camp Wright. The ladies of the 
 city were usually the donors of flags, and were attendants as honor guests at the 
 evening dress-parades. 
 
 At one o'clock in the morning of the 16th of May, 18(51, Alajor Robert 
 Anderson, the hero of Fort Sumter, passed through the city, en route to Wash- 
 ington, and received an enthusiastic ovation despite the unusual hour. 
 
 Western Pennsylvania sent from Pittsburg to Wheeling and other points 
 adjacent upwards of four hundred recruits to be organized into companies for 
 the loyal portion of Virginia. Pennsylvania's quota under JMr. Lincoln's second 
 call in 1861 was so promptly filled that recruits too late for enrollment under 
 the State's quota were obliged to enlist in other States whose quotas were un- 
 filled. Western Pennsylvania thus furnished a large number of men, who subse- 
 quently rendered efficient service in the " Mountain State," being known as the 
 Second Loyal Regiment of Virginia. Among the prominent Pittsburgers thus 
 enlisting in the Second \^irginia in the service of the Union were Colonel John D. 
 Owens ; Captain Chatham T. Ewing. commanding a battery ; Major A. J. Pente- 
 cost, Quartermaster; \\'m. H. Graham, Colonel David L. Smith, who was pro- 
 moted to the position of Commissary of the Fifth Corps, Army of the Potomac; 
 James R. Hutchinson, Joseph Forsythe, John Seibert, Captain A. C. Hays. Cap- 
 tain C. McClure Hays, and Samuel Scott. 
 
 Private Wm. H. Graham, after three years' service, the term of his regi- 
 ment in active service, remained a year longer with the army, and has the dis- 
 tinction of being one of the survivors who wit- 
 nessed the surrender of the Confederate army at 
 Appomattox, serving with Sheridan's command 
 on that occasion. 
 
 For the same reason the Friend Rifles, Cap- 
 tain Jacob Brunn, and the Pittsburg Zouave 
 Cadets, Captain John P. Glass, two companies 
 recruited in Pittsburg, went to New York and 
 were promptly accepted and mustered into the 
 famous " Excelsior Brigade," commanded by 
 General Daniel E. Sickles, to serve for three 
 years. Augustus H. Beckert. Ex-Commissioner 
 of Allegheny County, lost a leg in battle whilst 
 serving in the latter company. 
 
 Other well known citizens of Alleghen\ 
 county, Pennsylvania, who, after service in the 
 three-months' campaign, re-enlisted at Pittsburg 
 in August, 1861, in the First Maryland Cavalry, 
 were Captains Robert H. Patterson, John H. 
 Stewart, Leopold Sahl, Jr. ( killed in battle Jan- 
 uary 18, 1862), John Seiferth and James M. 
 Schoonmaker, O. AL Serg't (later Colonel Four- capt. john p glass. 
 
14 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 teenth Pennsylvania Cavalry ) . and late Private Wm. Boston, forty years Tipstaff 
 in Allegheny County Court, Common Pleas No. "2. and Privates ^^'illiam Caches 
 and Edward and Wm. Zacharias. 
 
 The full realization of the war and its horrors were first brought home 
 to the people of Pittsburg by the casualties befalling the Friend Rifles and the 
 Pittsburg Zouaves at the battle of Williamsburg, May 5, 186"2, where both 
 these splendid Pittsburg companies, then in New York regiments, in Sickles' 
 Excelsior Brigade, in Hooker's Division, participated in that severe action, the 
 brunt of which fell upon Hooker's Division. The brave Captain Jacob Brunn, 
 
 
 MAJ. JOHN POLAND. 
 
 commanding the Friend Rifles, was instantly killed in leading the attack, and 
 his death was soon followed by that of the First-Lieutenant of his company, 
 Martin \'. Miller. Second-Lieutenant Joseph F. Dennison was also seriously 
 wounded, resulting in the loss of his leg. Thus, in a few moments, the company 
 was wholly without officers. 
 
 Captain John P. Glass' company, the Pittsburg Zouaves, also suffered heavy 
 losses in the same battle. The enemy outnumbered the Union forces, and caused 
 heavy losses in the rank and file. Fully a score of Captain Brunn's Company were 
 
L'.XDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 15 
 
 taken prisoners, and paroled within a few days after their capture. These pris- 
 oners returned to Pittsburg in time to serve as pall-bearers to their gallant cap- 
 tain. Captain Brunn was an accomplished linguist, and had been frequently 
 called upon in earlier days by the courts of Allegheny county to act as interpreter 
 in the German. French, Italian, Spanish, Swiss, and other foreign languages, 
 which he had acquired !)}• his seven years' service in the Prussian army. The 
 death and public burial of Captain Brunn, being the first occurring to a Pitts- 
 burg officer, created profound sorrow. The funeral of JMajor John Poland, of 
 the One Hundred and Second Pennsylvania \'olunteers, who was killed at the 
 battle of Fair Oaks, was the next to follow that of the lamented Captain Brunn. 
 The Scott Legion, survivors of the ^Mexican War, in which Major Poland 
 had served, attended the funeral service at St. Paul's Cathedral, where Bishop 
 Domenec preached a jiatriotic funeral sermon. The Duquesne Greys acted as 
 funeral escort to the remains of their late comrade, to St. Mary's Cemetery. 
 
 Org.vnization of Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. 
 
 Pittsburg was well represented in the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. In the 
 Eighth Reserves were Company B, Captain Robert E. Johnston ; Company C, 
 Captain George S. Gallupe : and Company E, Captain E. P. Schoenberger. 
 Colonel George S. Hayes, of Pittsburg, commanded this regiment. 
 
 The Ninth Pennsylvania Reserves was substantially a Pittsburg regiment. 
 Colonel Conrad Feger Jackson, the regiment's first colonel, and who had been 
 promoted to Brigadier-General, was killed in battle at Fredericksburg, Va. 
 
 He was succeeded in the Colonelcy 
 by Colonel Robert Anderson, a gallant 
 and beloved officer, a former postmaster 
 of Pittsburg, and a veteran of the Mex- 
 ican War. Eight companies were re- 
 cruited in Pittsburg for this regiment, 
 one in Beaver county, and one in Craw- 
 ford county. 
 
 The One Hundred and Sixteenth 
 Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, of 
 Philadelphia, commanded by Colonel St. 
 Clair Mulholland, also had representa- 
 tion from Pittsburg in companies re- 
 cruited by ^lajor David Magraw, of 
 Allegheny city, and by Captain Samuel 
 Taggart, who was killed at Ream's Sta- 
 tion, Va., August 3.5, 1864. 
 
 The news of Colonel Ellsworth's 
 
 tragic death, ]\Iay 24, 18G1, was received 
 
 in Pittsburg with every manifestation of 
 
 profound sorrow, as the memory of his 
 
 BRiG.-GEN. CONRAD F. JACKSON. triumphal tour, his wonderful control of 
 
Ki 
 
 UNDER THE AIALTESE CROSS. 
 
 CAPT. SAMUEL TAGGART. 
 
 men, and the visit of the Chicago Zouaves to 
 Pittsburg were all still fresh in the mind of the 
 public. His death added much to the prevailing 
 excitement. 
 
 Colonel S.\muel W. Black. 
 
 Early in June, 18G1, Colonel Samuel W. 
 Black, an eminent Democratic lawyer of Pitts- 
 burg, returned from Nebraska, of which terri- 
 tory he was serving as Governor, having resigned 
 to recruit a regiment for the defense of the 
 Union. He was a veteran of the Mexican War, 
 in which he had acquired military experience as 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the First Pennsylvania 
 Regiment. Colonel Black promptly issued a call 
 ior volunteers, and in a very brief period recruited a regiment for the war, which 
 later became famous as the Sixty-second Pennsylvania \'olunteer Infantry. The 
 regiment was mustered into service at Pittsburg, July -i. ISGl. 
 
 The story of the organization of the gallant Sixty-second Regiment Penn- 
 sylvania \'olunteers at that period is interesting. Colonel Sam Black, on July i, 
 1861, was serving as Chief-of-StaiT to General William Wilkins, commander-in- 
 <:hief of the forty or fifty companies of Home Guard organizations which had 
 sprung up in all parts of the city and county, and which rallied in the parks of 
 Allegheny city for review and patriotic demonstration. General Wilkins' ap- 
 pearance on horseback, with imposing chapeau of Revolutionary style, and im- 
 mense epaulettes, and accompanied by a brilliant staff of young officers in full 
 iniiform. led by Colonel Black, presented an imposing spectacle of a most im- 
 pressive character, long to be remembered. 
 
 On the return of the companies to the city from this great review, a telegraph 
 messenger handed to Colonel Black a despatch from Secretary of War Cameron 
 authorizing him to recruit a regiment of volunteers in Western Pennsylvania. 
 On Penn avenue Colonel Black, on horseback, with this message in his pocket, 
 overtook the Eighth ward Home Guards, commanded by Captain E. S. Wright. 
 Out of respect to Colonel Black the company halted and divided its ranks so as to 
 allow them to present arms as Colonel Black passed through on his way from 
 the review. 
 
 The Colonel stopped to thank Captain Wright for the honor of the salute, 
 and ainiounced to him the contents of the dispatch just received from Secretary 
 of War Cameron, stating that, although he was thus authorized, he had not as 
 yet secured a single recruit for his regiment. He ended by inviting Captain 
 Wright to have his company of Home Guards to be the first to volunteer for 
 his new regiment. Captain Wright ordered his company to break ranks for a 
 few niiiuites in order to act upon Colonel Black's message and invitation. At the 
 €nd of five minutes the question of volunteering had been submitted, and it 
 liad l:.ieen unanimously agreed that the company would volunteer to join Colonel 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 17 
 
 Black's regiment, and that Captain Wright should be continued in the new 
 company as Captain ; also that First-Lieutenant William J. Patterson, of the 
 Home Guard Company, should retain his office. Captain Wright's company of 
 Home Guards became Company F of the new regiment, and he and Lieutenant 
 Patterson served the full three years of the Sixty-second Regiment. 
 
 Colonel John W. McLain reported, at Camp Wilkins early in May, 1801, 
 with a magnificent regiment, one thousand strong, recruited in Erie county, for 
 the three months' call. Its commander. Colonel John W. McLain, of Erie, was 
 made Commandant of Camp Wilkins. The dress-parades and drilling of this 
 fine regiment during the first three-months of the war drew great crowds to the 
 camp daily. This brave officer, like Black and Rippey, met a soldier's death 
 at the head of the Eighty-third Regiment, in front of Richmond. 
 
 Patriotism of German Americans. 
 
 No nationality responded to Mr. Lincoln's call for troops more promptly 
 or loyally than did the American citizens of German birth, residing in Allegheny 
 county. The German organization of Turners were among the first to tender 
 their services, almost in a body. 
 
 On the expiration of the three months' campaign the German companies 
 immediately re-enlisted in regiments for three years' service. 
 
 The Seventy-fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers was organized in Pittsburg 
 by Colonel Alexander von Schimmelfennig, a distinguished graduate of the Ger- 
 man army. He earned promotion to a Brigadier Generalship for gallant and 
 meritorious services with his regiment in the campaigns of the Army of the 
 Pot( )mac. 
 
 Many companies composed wholly of German citizens were early recruited 
 in Allegheny county by Captains Hadtmeyer, F. Gerard, Gus Schleiter, Louis 
 Hager and Bardel Galisath. achieving fine military records. 
 
 President Lincoln's Second Call for Troops. 
 
 In August, 1862, President Lincoln's second call for three hundred thousand 
 more soldiers was issued. Under this call many mere boys were accepted for 
 military duty, some not being over fourteen years of age. Fully one-half of 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment was recruited from boys between 
 the ages of fourteen and eighteen. The mortality tables show that these youths 
 resisted disease and exposure better than did soldiers of maturer age. 
 
 Pennsylvania's quota under the first call for troops was twelve thousand five 
 hundred men, and twenty thousand one hundred and seventy-five had been 
 furnished. Lender the second call, Pennsylvania's quota was eighty-two thousand 
 eight hundred and twenty-five men for three years. For this call eighty-five 
 thousand one hundred and sixty were actually recruited. The Pennsylvania 
 Reserve Corps and other organizations in Camp \\'ilkins and Camp Wright, by 
 this call, secured their long-desired chance to be mustered into the United 
 States service for active duty. Recruiting received a great impetus and became 
 
18 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 19 
 
 an actual business. Pittsburg otificers also enlisted many recruits for the United 
 States Navy, and especially large numbers for the gun-boat, ram, and marine 
 service on the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. 
 
 General John C. Fremont passed through the city on July 26, 1861, and 
 vi'as accorded a public and enthusiastic welcome. The next day Major-General 
 George B. McClellan, fresh from his victories over General Lee's Confederate 
 army in Western Virginia, passed through the city, receiving a reception even 
 much more enthusiastic than that accorded General Fremont. General McClellan 
 was at that time the hero of the hour on account of his great victory for the 
 LTnion cause. As elsewhere in the North, the people of Western Pennsylvania 
 turned out on the occasion to make General McClellan's reception at the Union 
 Station an ovation. 
 
 On the 23d of July, 1861, another great war meeting was held in City Hall, 
 presided over by Sidney F. VonBonnhorst, Postmaster of Pittsburg. Honorable 
 Thomas M. Marshall delivered an impassioned patriotic opening address. 
 Colonel Samuel W. Black followed as the orator of the evening. Colonel Black 
 was in fine spirits to aid the objects of this great Union mass meeting when he 
 delivered his address. He soon after marched with the famous Sixty-second 
 Regiment to the front, and this proved to be his last public address. 
 
 David Blythe, a painter of the humorous in Pittsburg, who, by his war 
 pictures attained national celebrity, immortalized on canvas, the strenuous life 
 and duties at Commissary Headquarters, at York, Pa., of the famous old Thir- 
 teenth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, in the three-months' service, showing 
 Captain J. Heron Foster, proprietor of the Pittsburg Dispatch, serving with a 
 regiment ; Max K. Moorhead, Quartermaster of the Regiment, and Captain 
 Leopold Sahl, all prominent citizens and soldiers, on duty in the camp. This 
 rare painting of Blythe was loaned for copying in this work, by the late Major 
 William G. Moorhead. 
 
 Return of the Three Months' Troops. 
 
 At this period the three-months' regiments commenced returning to the 
 city from their bloodless campaigns in Maryland and in parts of Pennsylvania, 
 guarding railroads. Most of the returning volunteers felt disappointed in not 
 having seen anything of actual war. 
 
 They soon responded to Mr. Lincoln's second call, and now volunteered 
 for three years, or during the war. Immense crowds at railroad stations and 
 in the streets enthusiastically welcomed these returning braves. Colonel Black 
 had no difficulty in recruiting the Sixty-second Regiment. Colonel Oliver H. 
 Rippey recruited ten companies. His regiment marched to the front and became 
 famous as the Sixty-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Colonel Alexander 
 Hays, a graduate of West Point and a veteran of the Mexican War, in a brief 
 period recruited ten companies. He was commissioned Colonel of the organiza- 
 tion to become known as the Sixty-third Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 which was destined to participate in every battle of the Army of the Potomac. 
 
20 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 General Hays fell at the head of his di- 
 vision in the second day's battle of the 
 \\"ilderness, having attained the rank of 
 iMajor-General. 
 
 General James S. Xegley, who was 
 made a Brigadier-General in the three- 
 months' service, at the end of said term, 
 soon recruited a brigade, consisting of 
 the Seventy-seventh, Seventy-eighth and 
 Seventy-ninth Infantry Regiments, from 
 counties of \\'estern Pennsylvania. 
 
 Thomas E. Rose, of Pittsburg, be- 
 came Colonel of the Seventy-seventh 
 Regiment. He was captured by the Con- 
 federates later, and escaped from Libby 
 prison by the celebrated tunnel. 
 
 The departure of General Xegley 's 
 brigade from Pittsburg for the seat of 
 war in Kentucky aboard six large steam- 
 ers from the Monongahela wharf, on 
 October IS, 1861, formed a flotilla of 
 beauty. The event attracted great at- 
 tention along the Ohio river towns and landings until its destination was reached. 
 Colonel Thomas A. Rowle\-, having returned with the old Thirteenth Regi- 
 ment from the three-months' service, recruited a new regiment, which became 
 the One Himdred and Second Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry. General Row- 
 ley became a Major-General by brevet. This regiment shared the glory of 
 the old Sixth Corps in the campaigns of the Army of the Potomac. Its brave 
 Colonel, John W. Patterson, of Pittsburg, was killed in the \\'ilderness. 
 
 Colonel D. B. Morris, Lieutenant-Colonel David M. Armor, and Captains 
 James Chalfant and George W. Bowers recruited companies in the One Hundred 
 and First Regiment Pennsylvania \'olunteers, which rendered valuable service to 
 the L'nion cause. 
 
 Colonel Theodore F. Lehman recruited a regiment which became the One 
 Hundred and Third Pennsylvania, four companies of which, namely, C, F, I and 
 K, were furnished by x-\llegheny county. Company G, of the famous Eleventh 
 Pennsylvania Infantry, which was recruited by Colonel Richard Coulter, of 
 Greensburg, was furnished by Allegheny county. This regiment earned great 
 distinction in its campaigns, being noted in Fox's book of regimental losses for 
 its high percentage of casualties. 
 
 GEN. THOMAS A. ROWLEY. 
 
 Cavalry Recruits. 
 
 The first cavalry company was recruited in the southern part of the county, 
 and in the adjacent townships of Washington county. The organization became 
 Company K of the First Pennsylvania Cavalry. Company G of the same Regi- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 21 
 
 MAJ. FRANK B. WARD. 
 
 mem was recruited by Captain O. H. Robin- 
 >on and Colonel David Campbell, of the old 
 Twelfth Infantry. 
 
 The Allegheny county companies — B, E 
 and G — in the Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry, 
 were commanded by Captains Samuel B. M. 
 ^'oung, James A. Herron and Benjamin F. 
 Blood. Lieutenant-Colonel James H. Childs 
 was promoted to Colonel of this Regiment in 
 March, 18fi3, and was killed at the battle of 
 Antietam. Captain Samuel B. M. Young, at 
 the close of the war, had attained the rank of 
 Colonel of this regiment. Dr. C. P. Seip, the 
 well-known Pittsburg physician, served as 
 bugler of this regiment throughout the war. 
 
 Many officers and men of the Ander- 
 son Troop, first known as " Buell's Body 
 Guard," also enlisted in I'ittsburg. This troop later became the Fifteenth Regi- 
 ment Pennsylvania Cavalry. Serving in this regiment, the gallant Major Frank 
 B. Ward, of Pittsburg, lost his life in battle at Stone river. Judge James W. 
 Over, Associate Law Judge of the Orphan's Court of Allegheny county, served 
 throughout the war in this regiment, earning a most enviable record as a faithful 
 trooper. 
 
 Colonel James 'SI. Schoonmaker recruited the 
 Fourteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. He was awarded 
 a Medal of Honor by the Congress of the United 
 States for gallant and meritorious services in the 
 field. The late Colonel William Blakely became 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of this regiment. 
 
 Among the early cavalry enlistments from 
 Pittsburg was that of the heroic Captain Patrick 
 Kane, who fell commanding his company under 
 General Sheridan, in the action at Hawes' Shop, 
 May 28, 186-1:. His company of the Thirteenth 
 Pennsylvania Cavalry was recruited from the 
 " Shields Guards," a volunteer company which, un- 
 der Captain Kane, was the pride of Pittsburg's 
 Irish population for some years preceding the Civil 
 War. 
 
 Orgaxizatiox of Batteries. 
 
 The Artillery service was early an attractive 
 one to youths seeking to enlist. Captain James 
 Thompson, an esteemed Irishman, a veteran of 
 the Crimean War, was commissioned Captain by 
 Governor Curtin, to rank from September "24, j,qj^ john w Patterson. 
 
22 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 18(31. His Battery was officially designated, " Independent Battery C, Pennsyl- 
 vania Artillery." 
 
 Captain Joseph M. Knapp, organizer of Knapp's famous cannon foundry of 
 Pittsburg, was next in line with a commission dated October 5, 1861. He was 
 followed by Captain Robert B. Hampton, commissioned October 17, 1861. These 
 artillery companies were all mustered in in the fall of 1861, and were best known 
 locally, and also in the service, by the names of their first captains. They won 
 great distinction as Thompson's, Knapp's, and Hampton's Batteries. Their 
 itinerary records include the history of the Army of the Potomac ; also of Sher- 
 man's campaigns and " March to the Sea." Captain Thompson served through- 
 out the war, and survived after its close to the ripe age of eighty-nine years. 
 Captain Knapp, after honorable service, resigned in 1863. Captain Hampton 
 met a soldier's death on the bloody field of Chancellorsville. A fine monument in 
 the public parks in the city commemorates his memory. 
 
 Companies C and E of the Fifty-seventh Regiment Peimsylvania Infantry 
 were recruited in Pittsburg in the fall of 1861 by Captains \\'illiam B. Neeper 
 and James B. Moore, two active members of the Duquesne Greys, who won 
 honors and promotion in the field. Captain Neeper became Lieutenant-Colonel 
 of the regiment, specially distinguishing himself at Chancellorsville, and in a 
 number of other battles in which his regiment suffered most severely. 
 
 Review .\nd Dress Parade in Parks. 
 
 Before General Negley's Brigade embarked for Louisville on October 17, 
 1861, it was arranged to have it publicly reviewed in the West Common in 
 Allegheny, and it was made a memorable and attractive occasion. From sur- 
 rounding counties of Western Pennsylvania large numbers of people attended 
 to witness the farewell parade. On this occasion Governor Curtin, accompanied 
 by his staff in full uniform, presented each regiment with a beautiful stand of 
 colors. The Governor made a most eloquent and soul-stirring address. The 
 presentations were in themselves striking object lessons in patriotism, and had 
 a great effect in promoting enlistments. 
 
 Allegheny county's part in recruiting during the first year of the Civil 
 War, up to the immediate formation of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regi- 
 ment and the other organizations responding to President Lincoln's call of July, 
 1863, has been described at some length, as far as the limited space allotted per- 
 mits. Recruited and in Camp Howe at the same time, August 1, 1862, with the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth were the One Hundred and Twenty-third Regiment 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, commanded by Reverend Colonel John B. Clark, of 
 Allegheny city; the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, of 
 ten companies, commanded by the late Colonel Thomas M. Bayne ; the One 
 Hundred and Thirty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, recruited by Colonel Fred- 
 erick H. Collier. 
 
 Many companies of these regiments, while rendezvousing at Camp Howe, 
 were recruited, however, from the counties of Beaver, Butler, Lawrence and 
 Allegheny. All these regiments were hurried to the front in time to participate 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 33 
 
 in the Antietam campaign, and each of them suffered very severely in killed 
 and wounded in the great battle of Fredericksburg, in December, 1862. 
 
 Recruiting was also very vigorously conducted for the United States Regular 
 Army, both of cavalry and infantry, and many recruits, preferring the artillery 
 and the marine branch, entered those arms of the service. During this period 
 
 COL. FREDERICK H. COLLIER. 
 
 Alleghen\ county's quota, through the eagerness shown in enlisting, was in 
 the incredibly short space of thirty days, fully furnished the Government. 
 
 Such is, as brief as possible, a review of the times and the events that oc- 
 curred leading up to the formation of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers. Contemporaneously with it was another gallant three 
 years' regiment, the One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Pennsylvania, under Colonel 
 Frederick H. Collier, for many years a Judge of Common Pleas Court No. 1, of 
 
24 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Allegheny county. 
 
 LIEUT.-COL. WM. H. MOODY. 
 
 The One Hundred 
 and Thirty-ninth Regiment was but a 
 few days in advance of the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth at the seat of army- 
 activities, and later wore the Sixth Corps 
 badge with pride and glory in all the 
 campaigns of the historic Army of the 
 i^^ '^mr^ \ Potomac. Brevet-Colonel \\'illiam H. 
 
 .jfljl^ ^9 Aloody, in command of the One Hun- 
 
 '^^^^■mIF ^ dred and Thirty-ninth Pennsylvania Vol- 
 
 ^^^^^^V^^^L unteers, was killed at Cold Harbor. The 
 
 ^^^^mm^^^^r^ efiicient Quartermaster of this regiment 
 
 -t'll^lftKfl^^ I was the late Captain Samuel Harper. 
 
 In .\ngust, 1862, there was also re- 
 cruited in Allegheny county Company 
 D. of the One Hundred and Forty- 
 ninth Pennsylvania, Colonel Roy Stone, 
 commanding. The officers of this com- 
 pany were Captain James Glenn, First- 
 Pieutenant Jacob F. Slagle, Second-Lieu- 
 tenant W'm. M. Dalgleish. The latter 
 served on General Reynolds' staff on the 
 first day at Gettysburg. The ( )ne Hundred and Forty-ninth became later a gallant 
 Fifth Corps regiment, and formed part of the celeljrated Bucktail Brigade. Lieu- 
 tenant Slagle was promoted to Major, and became better known, in later years, as a 
 Judge of the Common Pleas Court No. 1, of Alleghenv coimtw until his death 
 in 1901, 
 
 First LTnion Victories Celebr.\ted. 
 
 The early L'nion victories by Burnside at 
 Roanoke Island and Elizabeth City, in North Caro- 
 lina, in the East, and Forts Henry and Donelson, 
 in the West, under General Grant, caused great re- 
 joicings and public demonstrations in Pittsburg 
 and surrounding counties. On the 2d of Februarw 
 1862, Mayor Sawyer directed that a himdred gun>. 
 be fired in honor of the L'nion victories mentioned. 
 
 President Lincoln promptly placed General Mc- 
 Clellan in command of all the armies of the United 
 States, and assigned him the work of organizing 
 and drilling the fresh levies of troops, and moulding 
 from this material the grand army with which he, a 
 year later, on the Peninsula and at Antietam, con- 
 tested the legions of the Confederacy under its most 
 famous generals. 
 
 CAPT. SAMUEL HARPER. 
 
UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 35 
 
 COL. SAMUEL W. BLACK. 
 
26 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Bitter Fruits of the War. 
 
 The patriotic people of Western Pennsylvania, among whom had been re- 
 cruited and forwarded to the front so many thousands of brave officers and 
 men early in the summer of 1863, began to hear ominous tidings from the ad- 
 vance of the Union army on the Peninsula, in the campaign against Richmond. 
 The malarious climate had stricken down many youths, the hosiptals were 
 filled, and many had died from the sarue cause. The names of the killed 
 and wounded in the battles and skirmishes following the opening of the cam- 
 paign were promptly bulletined each day. the lists increasing as the campaign 
 progressed. The battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Savage Station, Gaines' 
 Mills, Malvern Hill, and the Second Bull Run. all contributed thousands of names 
 to these lists. Crowds daily surrounded the various newspaper offices, eagerly 
 awaiting the mortality reports. 
 
 As the central point for Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio at this 
 period, Pittsburg soon learned that the sights and scenes of suffering and misery 
 produced by the combats in the field would require prompt attention, and that ar- 
 rangements for the prompt care and comfort of these soldiers would become an 
 imperative duty. Men on crutches from loss of limbs, and otherwise maimed 
 and disfigured from woimds in action, began to appear in numbers on the streets 
 of the city. Returned soldiers, home for treatment of wounds or disease, became 
 numerous and retiuired immediate care. Organizations of patriotic men and 
 women, without delay, assumed charge of this charitable work. 
 
 Soldiers' funerals were also numerous, not only from the casualties of bat- 
 tle, but also of youths who, unable to endure the exposures of the field, gave up 
 their lives from disease. Sadness and sorrow filled many homes during that 
 eventful period. 
 
 Among the most prominent officers who fell in the great battles just enu- 
 merated was the gallant Samuel W. Black, of the Sixty-second Regiment Penn- 
 sylvania ^'olunteers. At the head of his brave regiment, in the battle of Gaines' 
 Mill, Colonel Black was killed, his body remaining within the Confederate lines. 
 His remains were recognized by the Confederates, and he was buried in a local 
 cemetery, and his grave duly marked. Two years later, on the advance of 
 Grant's army in the second campaign against Richmond, Colonel Black's burial 
 place was discovered within the Union lines. Under authority of General Grant, 
 who had served in Mexico with Colonel Black, a guard of honor from the Sixty- 
 second Regiment Pennsylvania V^olunteers was detailed to accompany the re- 
 mains to Pittsburg. 
 
 An incident out of the ordinary occurred on the disinterment of Colonel 
 Black's body, which seems proper to mention. In the inside pocket of his coat 
 there was found a small morocco pocketbook in good state of preservation, in 
 which, with memoranda and cards, was found a small photograph of the Colonel 
 in the full uniform of his rank, and bearing his autograph. The picture was 
 found to be in excellent condition, and was turned over to his daughter. Mrs. 
 William J. Moorhead, of Pittsburg, who very kindly favored the committee of 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania \'olunteers with the privilege of 
 having the same copied and enlarged for the Regimental history. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 27 
 
 COL. OLIVER H. RIPPEY. 
 
28 
 
 L'XDEK THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Colonel Oliver H. Rippey, of the Sixty-first Pennsylvania Regiment, fell, like 
 Colonel Black, at the head of his regiment in the battle of Fair Oaks. He had 
 served in the ^Mexican War with Colonel Black, and had also practiced with 
 him for years at the Pittsburg Bar, attaining the front rank in his profession. 
 Colonel Rippey "s remains were sent home nnder a gnard of honor from his 
 regiment. The highest honor was paid his memory by the Allegheny county 
 Bar and by the municipality, he having resigned the lucrative office of City 
 Solicitor to recruit the Sixt\-first Regiment. His remains repose near Colonel 
 Black's in Alleghenv Cemeterv. 
 
 Colonel John I. Xevin, of Sewickley, was among the earliest to respond in 
 
 April, l.Siil, to the call of President Lincoln, 
 jjy his efforts. Companies A and G of the 
 Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania \'olunteers 
 were recruited in Sewickley. He was 
 chosen Second-Lieutenant of Company A, 
 and reported in Philadelphia to Colonel 
 John \\'. Geary, commanding the regiment. 
 In February. ISli"?, he, while on dut)', was 
 captured, and confined in Libby and Salis- 
 l)ury prisons for six months. On being ex- 
 changed, he organized Independent Battery 
 IL and was made Captain. Later he be- 
 came Lieutenant-Colonel of the Xinety- 
 third Pennsylvania \'olunteers, participating 
 with it in the Gettysburg campaign under 
 General Sedgwick, on July ".', 18(33. As 
 Lieutenant-Colonel, he was in command of 
 the regiment, which took a prominent part 
 in the defense of Little Round Top when 
 assaulted bv Longstreet's columns. 
 
 COL. JOHN I. NEVIN. 
 
 A Memorai'.i.i-: War Meeti.ng. 
 
 Diuing those early days of the war, 
 
 party lines had in the, main vanished. The L'nion party was the only party. 
 
 The third call of the President, which was for three hiuulred thousand men, 
 was issued in July, ISiivJ. On the "^-tth of that month. Governor Curtin attended 
 a great war mass-meeting, held on West Common, Allegheny. Judge William 
 Wilkins presided, and General Thomas I\L Howe was chairman of the Committee 
 on Arrangements. Both Judge Wilkins and Governor Curtin made impassioned 
 patriotic speeches. Other eloquent speakers were Judge Wilson ]\lcCandless, Ex- 
 Governor William F. Johnston, Reverend Doctor Samuel J. Wilson, of the Pres- 
 byterian Theological Seminary : Judge P. C. Shannon : John H. Hampton, Esq. ; 
 Reverend Doctor James Prestley : J. J. Siebeneck, Esq.: Colonel Francis Felix; 
 and ^^'illiam C. Moreland, Esq. The number of citizens in attendance at the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 •39 
 
 meeting was estimated at over fifteen thotisand, and many speaking-stands were 
 erected. Many additional stands for overflow meetings were also constructed 
 and used on the occasion. The speeches were all strong pleas for the Union and 
 that it must be preserved, and that the only way to save it was for the youths of 
 the countrv to enlist. Never was eloquence more fervid, and never more suc- 
 cessful. This was the largest and most imposing demonstration ever witnessed 
 in Western Pennsylvania. It had immediate results, and many men and youths 
 present then and there decided to enlist. There the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 
 GOV. ANDREW G. CURTIN. 
 
 fifth certainlv obtained its share. The reported defeat and disaster to the Union 
 armies only stimulated the people to greater eiTorts and to renewed patriotic 
 responses. 
 
 Church Influence in the W.\r. 
 
 Church influence of all denominations in those trying days was most 
 actively exerted in patriotic and charitable work in behalf of the soldiers and the 
 Union cause. Prayers were offered in all churches for the success of the Union 
 cause and for the President of the United States. Many ministers also became 
 
30 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 active in urging enlistments in their congregations, and also in arranging for the 
 care of soldiers' families, and for the sick and wounded. 
 
 Reverend Doctor Howard, Pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of 
 Pittsburg ; Reverend Doctor James Prestley, Pastor of the Sixth United Pres- 
 byterian Church; Reverend John Douglass. D. D., of the Covenanter Church; 
 Reverend W. A. Passavant, of the Lutheran Church ; Reverend Doctor Swift, of 
 a United Presbyterian Church of Alleghen}- : Reverend Doctor Wilson, of the 
 Western Theological Seminary; Doctor L C. Pershing, of the Methodist Church; 
 Reverend Doctor John B. Clark, of a United Presbyterian Church of Allegheny; 
 and all the ministers throughout the two cities and the county were exceedingly 
 active and outspoken in sustaining the President and the L'nion. 
 
 Church edifices, as well as public buildings, had the national flag displayed. 
 Reverend Denis Kearney, at that date a^-sistant at St. Paul's Cathedral, was an 
 outspoken, patriotic Union man. It was by his direction that, within one week 
 after the fall of Sumter, a trained steeple-climber was brought from Philadelphia 
 to Pittsburg for the purpose of putting a flag on the Cathedral, then the highest 
 spire in the city. The churches of all denominations throughout the county 
 also floated flags from their spires and edifices, thus showing a true union of 
 spirit in the churches of all creeds for the Constitution and the Union. 
 
 The Right Reverend Michael Domenec, Bishop of the Diocese of Pittsburg, 
 a native of Spain, in response to President Lincoln's request, went to the Court 
 of Spain to assist in thwarting the intrigues of Pierre Soule, of Louisiana, and 
 other Confederate emissaries in obtaining the recognition by Spain of tlie .South- 
 
 REV. JAMES PRESTLEY. D.D. 
 
 REV. WILLIAM D. HOWARD. D.D. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 31 
 
 RIGHT RKV 
 
 DOMENEC. 
 
 ern Confederacy. Bishop Domenec, 
 who was a man of great learning and 
 of extensive influence, is beheved to 
 have been successful on this mission. 
 He received the thanks of President 
 Lincoln and also that of Secretary of 
 State William H. Seward for his 
 successful efforts. 
 
 The prompt action of Bishdj) 
 Domenec in the matter of urging loy- 
 alty and devotion to the Union cause 
 was most gratifying and beneficial in 
 its patriotic lessons to all citizens. On 
 the Sunday following the firing on 
 Sumter. Bishop Domenec ordered 
 read from the pulpits of all the Cath- 
 olic churches throughout the Diocese 
 an address replete with lo}alty and 
 patriotic exhortations in behalf of the 
 Union and its preservation. In St. 
 Paul's Cathedral the Bishop person- 
 ally read the address, and in addition 
 expounded the duty of citizens in the 
 prevailing emergency. He particularly reminded naturalized citizens like himself 
 that they had taken oaths of fidelity to the Constitution of the ITnited States, and 
 that the allegiance due by them was as strong as that of those born in the United 
 States, and obligated them equally to rally to the defense of the Union whether 
 attacked by internal enemies or foreign foes. Pointing to the dome of the 
 Cathedral, the Bishop eloquently appealed to Heaven, and prayed fervently that 
 victory would be granted against those attempting to succeed in the great re- 
 bellion against the Union. His earnestness and zeal in the Union cause united his 
 clergy and people on the side of law and order, and induced thousands of the 
 followers of his faith in the Diocese of Pittsburg to volunteer in defense of the 
 Union. 
 
 The Pittsburg Subsistence Committee. 
 
 As the gateway between the Great West and Northwest and Washington 
 City, D. C, Pittsburg early in the war felt the importance of an organized sys- 
 tem of some kind to afford relief to the vast numbers of soldiers passing through 
 the city, both going to and returning from the front. Railroad trains and steam- 
 boats transporting troops were often unavoidably delayed en route, and the sol- 
 diers, having exhausted their rations, frequently arrived in the city without food, 
 and were often compelled to make the entire journey to the scene of army activ- 
 ities fasting. 
 
 About the last days of July, 1861, the late B. F. Jones, of the firm of Jones 
 & Laughlin, passing along Liberty street one morning, noticed a train of soldiers 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 standing on the tracks of the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad Company. The 
 men, having been started from their 
 camp without rations of any kind, 
 and being locked in the coaches, were 
 clamoring to get out to procure some- 
 thing to eat. Not many mintites 
 elapsed before Air. Jones had pur- 
 chased the entire stock of apples and 
 crackers of a neighboring grocery 
 ■-tore, and had them distributed among 
 the soldiers to satisfy their pressing 
 wants. 
 
 No active step was taken toward 
 effecting an organization to provide 
 relief for such cases until Tuesday, 
 August 3. ISiil. The arrival in the 
 city about midnight on Saturday a 
 few days previous, July 24, 1861, of 
 the Twenty- fourth C)hio Regiment, 
 weary and hungry, with no means of 
 relief in a land of plenty, emphasized 
 the necessity of speedy action toward 
 forming an association for the assistance of such cases. On Sunday morn- 
 ing this regiment was marched to the railroad station, where, standing 
 in line, they were served by a number of patriotic citizens, with ham, bread and 
 coffee. 
 
 On Tuesday. August 3, ISGl, a public meeting was held and the Pittsburg 
 Subsistence Committee was organized with the following Executive Committee 
 and members : 
 
 B. F. JONES. 
 
 Executive Committee — William P. W'eyman. Chairman : Joseph Albree, 
 Henrv M. Atwood. Doctor .\ndrew Fleming. Medical Director. 
 
 AIembers. 
 
 Albree, R. C, 
 Caldwell, C. L., 
 Carnegie, Thos. M., 
 Donnell, J. J., 
 Edwards, Geo. B., 
 Edwards, W'm. B.. 
 Fleming, Dr. Andrew. 
 Howe, Honorable T. M. 
 Jones, B. F., 
 Lemon, Oliver, 
 
 Howard, Miss Rebecca, 
 Haines, :\Iiss J. B., 
 Kennedy, iliss Bessie 
 
 (.Mrs. Coll), 
 Kennedy, Miss Alice 
 
 (Mrs. W. R. Howe), 
 Kennedy, ]\Iiss Emma 
 
 (Mrs' W. H. Forsythe), 
 Kennedy, Miss Sallie 
 
 (Airs. Speer), 
 
 Bruchlocker, Aliss Marj-, 
 Breed, Miss Emma 
 
 (Mrs. T. F. Phillips), 
 Lothrop, Miss Martha 
 
 (Mrs. W. P. Weyman), 
 Lemon, Miss Sidney, 
 Laughlin, Miss Lizzie 
 
 (Mrs. H. S. Bailey), 
 Maitland, Aliss Mary, 
 Aloorhead, Miss Mary E., 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 33 
 
 OLIVER McCLINTOCK. 
 
 JAMES PARK. Jr. 
 
 MISS RACHEL McFADDEN. 
 
 MISS LAURA CHILDS 
 
 (Mrs. Oliver llcClintock.) 
 
34 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Lane, A. H., 
 Little, Geo. W., 
 Mattern, J. C, 
 McClintock, Oliver, 
 McClure, G. W., 
 Nevin, Edw. H., 
 Park, James, Jr., 
 Robinson, Harry, 
 Riggs, C. H.. 
 Breed, Miss Sarah 
 
 (Mrs. Chas. Zug), 
 Denniston, Miss Kate 
 
 (Mrs. Stockton), 
 Dalzell, Miss Martha 
 
 (Mrs. Jas. M. Bailey), 
 Howard, Miss Mary 
 
 (Mrs. Henry M. Hay), 
 
 Schwartz, J. Ernest, 
 Scott, John, 
 Semple, Frank, 
 Thaw, Wm., 
 Travelli, John J., 
 \ andervort, B. F., 
 W'eyman, B. Frank, 
 Woods, J. McQ., 
 Weyman, Geo. W. 
 Young, W. W., 
 Albree, Mrs. Jos., 
 Albree, Miss Lizzie B., 
 Arthurs, Miss Ann, 
 McFadden, Miss Rachel, 
 Atwood, Miss Lizzie, 
 Bryan, Miss Mary 
 (Mrs. R. C. Albree), 
 
 Moorhead, Miss Hettie, 
 Park, Miss Mary 
 
 (Mrs. Jas. A. Lowrie), 
 Robinson, Miss Mary, 
 Rodgers, Miss Julia 
 
 (Mrs. D. C. Mattern), 
 Thaw, Miss Annie C., 
 Thaw, Miss Lidie 
 
 (Mrs. Geo. B. Edwards), 
 Townsend, Miss Sabina 
 
 (Mrs. A. J. Rankin), 
 Lane, Miss Maria E., 
 Lane, Miss E. P., 
 Weyman, Miss H. K., 
 Wade, Miss Bessie, 
 Childs. Miss Laura 
 
 (Mrs. O. McClintock), 
 
 The duties of this committee were to provide for the subsistence of such 
 companies and regiments as were in process of recruiting in the city, until they 
 were regularly mustered into the United States service, and to supply transient 
 wants of soldiers passing through the city. To serve this purpose the committee 
 rented the old Leech warehouse, corner of Penn and Wayne (now Tenth) 
 streets, and fitted up the same with dining-room and kitchen sufficient for the 
 accommodation of an entire regiment at one time. 
 
 On the next Sunday morning, August 8, 1861, one week from the time the 
 
 Twenty- fourth Ohio Regiment was fed, 
 the Twentieth Indiana Regiment, en 
 route to the front, was marched to the 
 newly-furnished quarters, and given a 
 breakfast consisting of ham, bread and 
 butter, and cofifee, by the Pittsburg 
 Subsistence Committee. On all incom- 
 ing through trains the Committee dis- 
 tributed a circular inviting sick and 
 wounded soldiers to avail themselves of 
 the means of assistance furnished by the 
 committee. 
 
 Many other regiments and com- 
 panies were taken care of in the old 
 Leech warehouse imtil October of the 
 same year, when city councils granted 
 the free use of the City Hall, then one 
 of the largest and finest buildings in the 
 county, for this purpose, and the head- 
 DR. ANDREW FLEMING. quarters of the Committee were trans- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 35 
 
 WILLIAM THAW. 
 
 ferred to it. On the main floor of the 
 hall were placed ten long tables suf- 
 ficient for the accommodation of 
 twelve hundred soldiers at one meal. 
 
 Doctor Andrew Fleming, a lead- 
 ing physician of the city, took charge 
 of the Medical Department, and under 
 his supervision an adjoining room was 
 fitted up as a hospital, where the sick 
 and wounded soldiers might receive 
 the best medical attention, in addition 
 to the many little delicacies that 
 " often do more good than medicine." 
 
 Here the subsistence work was 
 carried on with renewed diligence, the 
 Committee entering earnestly and 
 heartily into the work of supplying the 
 wants of the brave defenders of the 
 Union. No appeal was made to the 
 public for funds, with a single excep- 
 tion that when the treasury was empty 
 at one time, a call was made by the 
 Committee upon the banks and busi- 
 ness men, who responded most liberally. From that time the public voluntarily 
 contributed so freely that the treasury was never exhausted. 
 
 Among the most liberal contributors to the funds of the Subsistence Com- 
 mittee was the late William Thaw, whose open purse helped out the Committee 
 in oft-occurring emergencies. 
 
 It was found by experience that owing to the distance of City Hall from 
 the railroad station, many soldiers who arrived by one train and departed by the 
 next, could not avail themselves of the hospitality of the Committee. To obviate 
 this disadvantage, on January 18, 1863, the second floor of the warehouse at 347 
 Liberty street, opposite the station, was fitted up as soldiers' quarters, and called 
 the " Soldiers' Home," meals being furnished here day and night. Upon one 
 occasion, the railroad having given notice a few hours in advance, thirty members 
 of the Subsistence Committee fed five thousand soldiers in twelve hours. 
 
 The walls of Old City Hall contained two memorable tablets, one bearing 
 this inscription : 
 
 " Pittsburg Subsistence Committee, Organized August, 1861, Dissolved 
 January, 1866, Sustained by Voluntary Subscriptions of the Citizens." 
 
 On the other inscription, 
 
 " 409,745 Soldiers Entertained in This Hall, 79,460 Sick and Wounded 
 Provided for at the Soldiers' Home, Total 489,205." 
 
 The Pittsburg Subsistence Committee needs no other record to speak to 
 posterity. 
 
36 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 37 
 
 The Christian Commission. 
 
 The ^^'estern Pennsylvania branch of the Christian Commission was or- 
 ganized April G, 1863, and relieved the Pittsburg Subsistence Committee of all 
 its duties except that of providing refreshments and medical attendance for 
 all regiments, companies or individual soldiers passing through the city to and 
 from the seat of war. 
 
 On the date above mentioned the Subsistence Committee transferred all its 
 hospital and medical stores to the army branch of the Christian dimmission. and 
 
 REV. HERRICK JOHNSON. D.D. 
 
 WILLIAM P. WEYMAN. 
 
 the latter at once became active in collecting and distributing supplies for sick and 
 wounded soldiers. 
 
 At a meeting of the ministers of the various denominations of Pittsburg and 
 vicinity, held in the Second Presbyterian Church, April (i, 18(>3, the Army Com- 
 mittee of Western P'ennsylvania was organized, and the fullnwing officers elected: 
 
 President. Reverend Herrick Johnson : Chairman of Executive Committee, 
 Honorable Robert McKnight : Secretary, Robert C. Totten ; Treasurer, Joseph 
 Albree : Receivers, William P. \\'eyman, John R. AlcCune, Joseph Home, Henry 
 W. Atwood ; General Committee, Reverend \\'illiam D. Howard. D. D.. Reverend 
 S. J. Wilson, D. D., Reverend \\'m. Preston, Reverend Wm. A. Snively, Reverend 
 
38 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 HON. JAS. K. MOORHEAD. M.C. 
 
 JOSEPH ALBREE. 
 
 Geo. S. Chase, Reverend I. C. Pershing, Reverend li. H. Higbee, Reverend S. 
 Stewart, Reverend E. E. Swift, Reverend C. E. Swope, Reverend W. J- Reid, 
 Reverend Reuben Hill, Reverend J. D. Herr, Honorable J. K. Moorhead, Harvey 
 Childs, B. Wolff, Jr., Joseph McKnight, G. Follansbee, James ]\IcCandless, 
 Charles Arbuthnot. J. G. Backofen and Robt. H. Davis. 
 
 On the evening of April 16, 1863, the first public meeting was held, and from 
 that date the new Committee began active work in connection with the United 
 States Christian Commission. In 1864, Mr. Albree took the title of Field Sec- 
 retary, and William Frew became Treasurer. A band of patriotic men and 
 women had been trained to the work. The previous work of the Subsistence 
 Committee had been so remarkably efficient that its transfer of this part of its 
 duties to the Christian Commission secured for the latter a corresponding con- 
 fidence and influence. To the noble devotion of Messrs. Albree and \\'eyman 
 belongs no small portion of the credit for the grand record which the Pittsburg 
 branch of the Christian Commission presents. The field of operations of the 
 Commission included Western Pennsylvania, Eastern Ohio and West \"irginia. 
 Local committees were everywhere organized, and the entire territory was thor- 
 oughly and systematically canvassed. The press and transportation companies 
 placed their facilities at the disposal of the Commission and were immensely 
 helpful to the noble cause. 
 
 The Pittsburg branch of the Christian Commission was associated with 
 those auxiliaries of the LTnited States Christian Commission, whose field of work 
 was with the armies of the Southwest, having their principal depot at Nashville. 
 
 Considering the fact that the immense work carried on by the Commission 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 39 
 
 was entirely gratuitous, no salaries being paid, its success was remarkable. The 
 annual increase in the amount of stores received was about five fold. In addi- 
 tion to cash receipts of $158,334.37, stores were collected to the value of $679,- 
 66-4.89 ; cash value of all receipts, $837,999.26. This magnificent showing was in 
 excess of any other branch of the United States Christian Commission. The total 
 cash value of supplies collected by the Pittsburg branch of the Christian Com- 
 mission was only a little less than that collected by the central office. The total 
 expense for collecting and forwarding the large receipts of the Pittsburg auxiliary 
 was only $3,787.35. 
 
 During the later years of the war the various Conferences and Presby- 
 teries in the home field Commission, at their own expense, kept delegates at 
 the front, co-operating with the Government in caring for sick and wounded 
 soldiers, and ministering to the comfort of the troops generally. 
 
 Felix R. Brunot. 
 
 Honorable Felix R. Brunot, a distin- 
 guished citizen of Pennsylvania, past the 
 age of military service, early volunteered 
 as an organizer of the United States 
 Christian Commission to visit the army 
 camp hospitals to relieve the many sick 
 and wounded requiring care and atten- 
 tion. Whilst Mr. Brunot was engaged on 
 this duty on the Peninsula with General 
 McClellan's army, the great Seven-Days 
 battles before Richmond occurred, and 
 the Confederates captured in battle many 
 thousand Union soldiers and many thou- 
 sand more of the badly wounded and 
 sick in the field hospitals also fell into the 
 enemy's hands, together with the sur- 
 geons, nurses, hospital attendants and 
 members of the United States Christian 
 Commission. Mr. Brunot was taken to 
 Libby prison — the Confederates declining 
 
 to recognize him as a non-combatant entitled by military law to immunity from 
 imprisonment. Mr. Brunot, in Libby prison, was invited by the Confederate au- 
 thorities to visit Secretary Stanton in Washington to secure a modification of 
 the existing orders prohibiting the introduction of medical supplies to any part of 
 the Confederacy. The unexpectedly large number of Federal wounded and sick 
 prisoners captured found the Confederates wholly unprepared for their care, and 
 their condition appealed strongly to the sympathies of Mr. Brunot. He accepted 
 the mission to Washington. His appeal and request for the suspension of the 
 existing military orders was refused by Secretary of \'\"ar Stanton. Mr. Brunot 
 was urged in Washington not to return to Richmond to resume imprisonment in 
 
 FELIX R. BRUNOT. 
 
40 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Libb\ . The plea was made to him that he was a non-combatant entitled by usages 
 of war to immunity from imprisonment. These urgent appeals of personal friends 
 were not entertained, iNIr. Brunot asserting that he had given his parole of honor 
 to return within the Confederate lines, and that no mere personal discomfort 
 would justif\- him in di^ hcinoring his parole. He accordingly returned to Rich- 
 mond and delivered his answer to the Confederate authorities of his failure to 
 secure from the Federal Government the medical supplies solicited for the suffer- 
 ing wdunded and sick L'nion soldier ])risoners. Few more chivalrous incidents of 
 exemplary honor during the Civil War is to be found than is illustrated by the 
 conduct of Mr. Brunot on this occasion. The Confederate authorities, unable to 
 
 provide for the unprecedented large 
 number of woimded and sick Union 
 prisoners, soon after the return of 
 Mr. Brunot from Washington paroled 
 all the wounded and sick, and included 
 him m the exchange. As an officer 
 of the Christian Commission, Mr. 
 Brunot resumed his duties and at- 
 tentions to the care of the returned 
 ])risoners in camp and to the soldiers 
 in field-hospitals. ]\Ir. Brunot con- 
 tinued until the close of the war most 
 active in the work of the United 
 States Christian Commission and later 
 to the United States Sanitary Com- 
 mission in its great field of labor on 
 the field with the Union armies. 
 
 Doctor Thomas Dickson, one of 
 the three brothers, eminent surgeons 
 of that name, practicing in Pittsburg, 
 and all of whom left their home pa- 
 tients, in the first battles of the war, 
 contracted typhoid fever while serving 
 with the United States Christian Com- 
 mission in the camps of McClellan's army besieging Richmond, anil fell a martyr 
 to that disease. His two brothers. Doctors Jolin and Joseph Dickson, were serving 
 with him at the time, and continued to respond with their personal attendance and 
 services to calls for volunteer surgeons on every great battlefield of the Army of 
 the Potomac iimil the end of the war. 
 
 DR. THOMAS DICKSON. 
 
 WoiiEXs Work ix the War. 
 
 The valuable and devoted services of the women of Pittsburg to the sol- 
 diers in the field and in the hospitals cannot be too highl}- extolled. They ex- 
 hibited a consecration to the work of humanity that is sacred and beautiful 
 beyond words. 
 
 Also among the first to tender their services to the Government as nurses 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 41 
 
 were the Sisters of Mercy, of Allegheny county. They soothed man\- a fevered 
 brow, and watched the glorious young life ebb from many a patriot youth. 
 Their four years' work at the West Penn Hospital during the war is part of 
 Pittsburg's patriotic history. There lives to-day many a white-haired man who 
 cherishes in memory's choicest casket the tender recollection of a gentle, loving, 
 kind-faced Sister of Mercy, in somber robe, who was ever at his bedside when 
 his life trembled in the balance. No sooner were the Union soldiers victims 
 to the missiles of the enemv, or prostrated by the many camp diseases than a 
 corps of trained and experienced nurses of that day, the ladies composing the 
 Sisters of Mercv of the diocese of Pittsburg, tendered their services to the Gov- 
 ernment of the United States, to go to any place where the sick or wounded 
 required attention. President Lincoln, in a grateful letter to Bishop Domenec, 
 returned his thanks, and at once accepted 
 this kind offer. The (jovernment, which 
 had taken possession of the West Penn 
 Hospital of Pittsburg, with Doctor 
 James King as surgeon in charge, at once 
 turned over the entire management and 
 conduct of the institution to the Sisters 
 of Mercy, and to the corps of surgeons 
 of whom Doctor King was chief, who 
 had so heartily endorsed their qualifica- 
 tions. Their services were continued 
 from earlv in the war until long after 
 its conclusion. During those four years 
 many thousands of Union soldiers, 
 badly wounded and afflicted, became pa- 
 tients under the charge of these Sisters. 
 The development of the war, and the 
 great battles following recpiired an in- 
 crease of hospital accommodations in 
 Washington, and a second draft upon 
 the Sisters of Merc\- of Pittsburg was 
 
 made bv Secretarv of War Stanton, and they were placed in ciiarge of the new 
 Stanton Hospital, Washington City, probably the largest institution for wounded 
 soldiers in that citv. .\ score or more of Pittsburg's Sisters of Mercy served 
 faithfully and devotedly there throughout the war. 
 
 Under the supervision of the Christian Commission the first low-diet kitcherj 
 in connection with military hospitals was established by a Pittsburg lady. Miss 
 Mary Moorhead, in the Cumberland Military Hospital, at Nashville, Tenn. This 
 kitchen was maintained about two years, feeding during that period from one 
 thousand to fifteen hundred patients. 
 
 Of the one hundred and six ladies commissioned for the work in these low- 
 diet kitchens, thirteen were from Pittsburg and vicinity, namely. Miss Mary E. 
 Moorhead, ^liss Ellen R. Murdoch, Miss Hannah Shaw, ^iiss Hetty Lathrop, 
 Miss Mary A. Little, Miss Mattie J. Fowler, Miss Mary Humbert, Miss Emily 
 
 DR. JAMES KING. 
 
43 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Hunnings, Miss Maggie Hopper, Miss Phebe Nease, Miss Mary Hunnings, 
 Miss Lizzie DeHaven, Miss Howells. Among these ladies thus devoted to the 
 Union cause, none was more distinguished for zeal and self-sacrifice in charitable 
 work in the hospitals of the Union armies than Miss Ellen R. Murdoch, now 
 Mrs. Ellen Murdoch Watson. 
 
 MRS. ELLEN MURDOCH WATSON. 
 
 In this field of work of Miss Mary E. Moorhead and the volunteer ladies, 
 assistants, the Commission was enabled to accomplish prompt and efficient relief 
 for the soldiers through her father, the Honorable James K. Moorhead, one of 
 the most influential Congressmen during Lincoln's entire administration, and an 
 intimate personal friend of Secretary of War Stanton. 
 
 These Pittsburg ladies mentioned above also set up a low-diet kitchen at 
 White House Landing during General McClellan's Peninsula campaign. Mrs. 
 Watson, quoting from her interesting diarj-, says that, being attracted on one 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 43 
 
 occasion by the spectacle of a steamer coming down the James river from Rich- 
 mond under a flag of truce, they were astonished and dehghted to see their 
 townsman, Honorable Felix R. Brunot, step ashore from the steamer, having 
 been released from his imprisonment by the Confederate Government, together 
 with thousands of paroled prisoners of war. 
 
 It is due to the memory of an esteemed and worthy lady of Pittsburg to 
 mention the name of Mrs. Kate Savage, lately deceased, whose husband, the late 
 John Savage, was proprietor, during the war, of a hostelry known as the " Amer- 
 ican Hotel," on Liberty and Grant streets, and immediately parallel with the 
 old Pennsylvania Railroad Passenger Station at Liberty and Grant streets, since 
 replaced with the Union Station. Trains from the East and the West almost 
 daily bearing regiments and companies as well as individual soldiers on fur- 
 lough came into the station at all hours, and particularly often during the night, 
 many being sick or wounded, and all hungry. The late Hunt M. Butler, Union 
 Depot master during the Civil War, in a card to the Pittsburg newspapers, wrote 
 a just tribute to the patriotic zeal and affectionate solicitude shown throughout 
 the war by this good lady. To the soldiers, sick and wounded, without pay or 
 reward of any kind to his knowledge, Mr. Butler says she furnished meals and 
 lodging, and assisted many a poor, distressed, wearied, and often penniless sol- 
 dier passing through the city. She co-operated in every way with the zeal 
 and charity of the ladies of the Pittsburg Subsistence Committee in number- 
 less cases. It often occurred that exhausted and stricken soldiers, broken down 
 by the long ride on the cars, were unable to walk or be conveyed to the bountiful 
 table provided in Old City Hall for soldiers, or even to the Soldiers' Home, and 
 in such cases Mrs. Savage and her servants would carry food and refreshments 
 
 to them in the cars. Mr. Butler, who was a daily 
 witness to these benefactions so cheerfully and 
 gratuitously rendered the soldiers by Mrs. Sav- 
 age, all without ostentation or display of any 
 kind, urged that a permanent tribute to commem- 
 orate her deeds of charity to the soldier should 
 be made in Pittsburg's war history. 
 
 An instance of wounded soldiers being cared 
 for, far from home and far from the battlefield 
 where they fell, is recorded in the fact that 
 seventy of the wounded from the battle of Pitts- 
 burg Landing were brought to Pittsburg by a 
 hospital steamer, and cared for and tenderly 
 nursed by the loving women of the loyal city of 
 Pittsburg. 
 
 First Soldiers' Orphans' Home. 
 
 The mortaHties, casualties and sufferings in- 
 cident to the Civil War found the State of Penn- 
 MRS KATE SAVAGE sylvania unprepared, with her many other 
 
44 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 pressing obligations during the tirst years of the continuance of the war, to pro- 
 vide homes and ciuarters for the many or])han children of soldiers throughout the 
 Commonwealth. The private homes, hospitals and orphan asylums of the various 
 religious denominations were wholly inadecjuate. To assign those unfortunate 
 soldiers' orphan children to the county poor-house was not to be thought of. 
 
 To Colonel James P. Barr. of Pittsburg, is due the distinction of being the 
 first to display a practical interest and devotion to the soldiers" orphans by his 
 establishing in Pittsburg the tirst Soldiers' Orphans' Home, located on BluiT 
 and Stevenson streets. This school was opened early in 1861, and continued 
 to be maintained throughout the years of the Civil War and after, until the year 
 1867, when the State of Pennsylvania established the system of State Orphans' 
 Homes and Schools, in all parts of the State. There were sheltered and pro- 
 vided for in the Pittsburg Soldiers' Or- 
 phans' Home, founded by Colonel Barr, 
 upwards of a thousand children of sol- 
 diers who fell in battle or died of disease 
 contracted in the military service. The 
 matron of this home was Miss Mary J. 
 Stalford, a native of Pittsburg, selected 
 for possessing the peculiar sympathetic 
 qualities and patriotic devotion to the 
 welfare of the wards placed imder her 
 charge. Colonel Barr, although at the 
 head of a great daily newspaper during 
 this period, which made great demands 
 upon his time, manifested great personal 
 interest in the development and mainte- 
 nance of this school, which was supported 
 wholly by the generosity of himself, 
 and a few other public-spirited citizens 
 of Pittsburg. 
 
 During the continuance of this Or- 
 phans' Home, the patriotic founder, to 
 reside closer and to more readily visit and superintend the institution, removed 
 from a remote part of the city to a dwelling next door to the home. 
 
 P.\TRIOTISM, 1801-186-2. 
 
 The foregoing images, comprising the introductory chapter of this history, 
 from Sumter to Appomattox, constitutes a brief review of the rapidlv transpiring 
 events of 1861 and 18()'? in ^^'estern Pennsylvania. To this is added the names 
 and records of citizens, and tributes proper to preserve the memory of those 
 heroic patriots who so promptly, unselfishly and unremittingly sacrificed their 
 time and their means so liberally in sustaining the Government of the United 
 States in the great crisis of the Civil \\'ar. They rose above partizanship in 
 their zeal for the Union cause, disdained personal benefit or profit arising from 
 the necessities of the Government, in vivid contrast with the prevailing commer- 
 
 COL. JAMKS 1' BARR. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 45 
 
 cialism of the present times. Without exception, no grander galaxy of loyal, 
 disinterested, public-spirited and true men than the one hundred citizens com- 
 posing the Committee of Public Safety could be found in any other country. 
 
 Nor was the loyalty, philanthropy and zeal manifested by the citizens named 
 in this chapter deserving of any greater acknowledgment or gratitude than that 
 of the ladies who so promptly rallied to the relief of the sick and wounded sol- 
 diers on the field, in the hospitals and in their journeys to and from the seat 
 of war. With such conspicuous and persevering examples of loyalty and pa- 
 triotism of the citizens of Western Pennsylvania, it is not strange that the 
 younger generation of youths composing the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regi- 
 ment Pennsylvania Volunteers, on their enlistment, should have been imbued 
 with the same noble principles and desires to spare no sacrifices in defending 
 the Union. 
 
 MISS MARY J. STAFFORD. 
 
•16 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 REGIMENTAL ITINERARY. 
 Chapter I. 
 
 THE PRESIDENT'S CALL FOR 300,000 MEN. 
 
 Governor Curtin's Proclamation; Call for State's Quota. — Prompt and 
 Rapid Recruiting of. — Cause of Activity. — Disasters of McClellan's Army 
 ON Peninsula Doubted. — Great War Meeting in West Common. — Recruit- 
 ing Stands. — Reports of Meeting. — Eloquent Speeches. — Reverend John 
 B. Clark Organizes One Hundred and Twenty-third Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers. — College Students, Farmer Boys and Apprentices Rally as Recruits 
 TO One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers. — Promoters of 
 Companies Become Officers Without Election. — Physical Examination of 
 Recruits. — Clarion County Companies Join Regiment at Camp Howe. — 
 Colonel E. J. Allen Chosen Colonel. — Recruits Organized Into a Regi- 
 ment and Ordered to Washington, D. C, September 3d. — Forced March of 
 Two Miles from Camp Howe to Railway Station. — Three Hours to Each 
 Mile. — Departing Scenes. — Freight and Stock Cars. — Railway Journey 
 in Dark. — Receive Arms and Accoutrements at Harrisburg. — Reach 
 
 Baltimore. 
 
 ^RESIDENT LINCOLN, on July 2, 1863, issued a call for three hun- 
 dred thousand additional troops to assist in defending the Union and 
 Constitution. 
 
 On July 7, 1863, the Adjutant-General of the United States Army 
 made requisition on Governor Andrew G. Curtin, requesting him to 
 raise in Pennsylvania, as soon as practicable, twenty-one new regiments of vol- 
 unteer infantry, and on July 21, 1862, Governor Curtin issued a proclamation 
 as follows: 
 
 Pennsylvania — ss. : 
 
 In the name and by the authority of the State of Pennsylvania, I, Andrew 
 G. Curtin, Governor of said Commonwealth, issue the following 
 
 Proclamation : 
 
 To sustain the Government in times of common peril by all his energies, his 
 means and his life, if need be, is the duty of every loyal citizen. The President 
 of the United States has made a requisition on Pennsylvania for twenty-one 
 new regiments, and the regiments already in the field must be recruited. 
 
 The existence of the present emergency is well understood. I call on the 
 inhabitants of the counties, cities, boroughs and townships throughout our borders 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 47 
 
 to meet and take active measures for the immediate furnishing of the quota of 
 the State. 
 
 I designate below the number of companies which are expected from the 
 several counties of the State, trusting the support of her honor in this crisis, as it 
 may be safely trusted to the loyalty, fidelity and valor of her freemen. 
 
 Given under my hand and Great Seal of the State at Harrisburg, this 21st day 
 of July, in year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two and of 
 the Commonwealth the eighty-seventh. 
 
 A. G. CURTIN. 
 
 By the Governor. 
 Eli Slifer, 
 
 Secretary of the Commonwealth. 
 
 Governor Curtin Addresses Great W.'^r Meeting. 
 
 The newspaper reports for months previous, emanating from Washington, of 
 desperate lighting and great victories had aroused the people of Allegheny county, 
 Pennsylvania, and led them to regard the L^nion armies as invincible ; so that 
 when the news of the disasters befalling McCIellan's army on the Peninsula, and 
 Pope's army on the plains of Culpeper, Warrenton and Manassas, in the closing 
 days of July, 1863, and the sullen and stubborn retreat of the Union army to the 
 defenses of Washington, reached Pittsburg, the public was appalled. 
 
 While the terrible news was received in sorrow, it caused no dismay, but 
 stimulated to fresh efforts the latent patriotism of the youths of the country. 
 Allegheny county was aroused, and to this patriotism formal expression was 
 promptly given in a great war meeting held on the 24th of July, 1863, in the 
 West Common, surpassing in numbers and intense interest any previous war 
 meeting held in the State of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Preparations for the meeting had been in progress for several days previous, 
 which resulted in an assemblage of between fifteen and twenty thousand people. 
 The speakers were Andrew G. Curtin, Governor of Pennsylvania ; Honorable 
 William Wilkins; Judge Wilson McCandless ; Professor Samuel J. Wilson, of 
 the Western Theological Seminary ; Thomas M. Marshall, Esq. ; Honorable 
 Judge P. C. Shannon; Honorable T. J. Bigham ; Ex-Governor William F. John- 
 ston, and other highly distinguished citizens. Professor J. T. Wamelink, organist 
 of St. Paul's Cathedral, with a corps of singers, occupied a stand, and rendered 
 inspiring, patriotic music, both vocal and instrumental. There were five speakers' 
 stands, and two stands for speakers of overflow impromptu meetings. At the 
 meeting were also many citizens in charge of recruiting booths, with martial 
 music and transparencies, inviting young men to " fall in " and join the com- 
 panies then being recruited. 
 
 The strong emotions that filled the minds of the citizens of Western Penn- 
 sylvania at that period are exhibited in the extensive newspaper descriptions of 
 the meeting. The powerful and stirring eloquence of the orators exerted great 
 influence on the youth of that day. The earnest resolutions of loyalty to the 
 Union which were adopted voiced the sentiment of the people of Pennsylvania, 
 
48 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 in the darkest hour of the Civil War, to stand by President Lincoln. The meet- 
 ing caused a fresh uprising of the patriots of the State. In less than two weeks 
 following this great war meeting ten new regiments of infantry, two new inde- 
 pendent batteries, and several cavalry regiments were recruited in Allegheny 
 county, attributed directly to this meeting. 
 
 As bearing on the development of the future One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 Regiment, Captain S. A. McKee, Colonel John H. Cain, Captain Lee Anshutz, 
 and Captain Samuel Kilgore all attended this great meeting as recruiting officers. 
 It was there that they rallied the nucleus of their future companies. 
 
 General Thomas M. Howe presided over this great assemblage, and an- 
 nounced the list of officers for the various stands. General Howe had a State- 
 wide reputation as a public-spirited, patriotic citizen and successful business 
 man, and from Sumter to Appomattox devoted his time to aid the Union cause. 
 
 The Chairman, Honorable Thomas M. Howe, in calling the meeting to order, 
 announced the list of officers : 
 
 Stand No. 1 — Honorable William Wilkins, president, assisted by over one 
 hundred vice-presidents, comprising most valued and respected citizens. 
 
 Secretaries — Robert Finney, J. R. Hunter, Samuel Harper, E. A. Mon- 
 tooth, William B. Negley, William C. Moreland, Thomas M. Bayne, H. E. Davis. 
 
 Stand No. 2 — General William Robinson, Jr., acting president, assisted by 
 Simon Drum, John Morrison, C. T. Ihmsen, J. McDonald Crossen, and Thomas 
 McKee, vice-presidents. 
 
 Stand No. 3 — Thomas Bakewell, Esq., acting president, assisted by B. C. 
 Sawyer, G. L. B. Fetterman, John Birmingham, J. Sampson, and B. A. McVay, 
 vice-presidents. 
 
 German Stand — G. G. Backofen, Esq., acting president, assisted by N. 
 Voeghtly, Francis Felix, Major D. Fickeisen, Doctor A. H. Gross, and A. Hol- 
 stein, vice-presidents. 
 
 Reverend W. D. Howard, D. D., at the opening of the meeting, addressed 
 a. fervent prayer to the Throne of Grace, which was listened to with great 
 attention. 
 
 Honorable P. C. Shannon then introduced Judge Wilkins, the Chairman, 
 and proposed three cheers for him, which were cordially given. The pres- 
 ence of a man of the magnificent appearance of the venerable William Wilkins, 
 then in his eighty-seventh year, appearing like a voice from the Revolutionary 
 period in which he was born, appealing to the youth of later generations, 
 added very much to the impressiveness of the occasion. In person he was fully 
 six feet tall ; of fine classical features, heightened by extreme age ; displaying 
 a wealth of snow-white hair resembling that of Andrew Jackson. His ai)pear- 
 ance united with the beauty of his diction and the vigor of his eloquence and 
 appeals for the supremacy of law and the preservation of the Union, marie his 
 powerful oration convincing and far-reaching in its efi'ect. 
 
 The very eloquent address delivered on that memorable occasion by Prof(--sor 
 Samuel J. Wilson, D. D., wrought the populace to the highest pitch of enthus-asm. 
 His commanding appearance, the earnest and impressive manner of his or- 'iry. 
 
UN'DER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 49 
 
.50 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 as with uplifted hand he appealed to the youth to rally for the Union, and in- 
 voked in forcible terms the noblest attributes of the human heart, thrilled the 
 vast assemblage. 
 
 His impressive interrogatory, " What is gold — what is silver — as compared 
 with the honor of the Nation? It is offal when thrown into the balance against 
 the liberties of our country," electrified his hearers. The speaker's impassioned 
 eloquence, and appeal to the youth to go forth and battle for the Nation's life, 
 reached the sublimity of patriotic oratory. 
 
 The attendance of Governor Andrew G. Curtin at this mass-meeting in 
 his official capacity attracted the greatest public interest because of his tmtiring 
 zeal and labor for the Union. Governor Curtin was at that time in the prime 
 of mature manhood, having a manly, erect figure, pleasing countenance, and a fine 
 voice, and with his iron gra\' hair Ire presented all the attractive qualities which 
 his reputation as a gifted orator had gained for him. On this eventful occasion 
 he seemed more solemn, more earnest, aild bore marks in his countenance of 
 profound c<incern. Those who heard his address will never forget the opening 
 words of Governor Curtin on being introduced. Gazing at the sea of faces before 
 him, without the slightest introductory remarks, his clear voice thundered out 
 the words. "The PE.xiNsri.AR campaign is a failukeI The Union armies 
 
 HAVE NOT BEEN VICTORIOUS! TheY H.-WE BEEN DRIVEN B.ACK TO THE GATES OF 
 W.\SHINGTON, NOTWITHSTANDING .\EL REPORTS TO THE CONTR.^RY ! " 
 
 The eft'ect of these words, so dramatically uttered, was startling in the ex- 
 treme because so unexpected. 
 
 The magnificent speeches of Judge W'ilkins, Governor Curtin and Professor 
 Wilson were followed by most elocjuent appeals in behalf of the Union cause 
 bv ex-Governor Johnston, Judge Wilson McCandless, Judge P. C. Shannon, 
 Honorable Thomas J. Bigham, Thomas AI. Marshall. Esq., John H. Hampton, 
 Esq., Colonel Francis Felix, and Honorable James Lowry, Jr. 
 
 Mr. Hampton was called upon by the audience to speak because of his great 
 zeal and labor in organizing the successful meeting, being chairman of the 
 committee on speakers. In response to loud calls. Mr. Hampton took the plat- 
 form and was received with very great applause, being a recognized, popular 
 speaker. He seemed much affected and wrought up by the addresses of the 
 preceding speakers. 
 
 To deliver an oration worth\- of the great occasion, in his opening remarks 
 Mr. Hampton impressively parodied a celebrated classic utterance by the great 
 Roman orator, Cato, on a not unsimilar occasion, when the Roman legions had 
 been defeated. Striking an attitude of majestic defiance, and with intense and 
 impassioned emphasis, Mr. Hampton exclaimed, " Notwithstanding the dark and 
 gloomv tidings of disaster to the Union army, 'my voice is still for war!'" 
 Pausing for a moment at the close of this solemn utterance, Mr. Hampton was 
 rudely surprised by the response which was shouted him from the lips of a 
 wounded Union soldier in the audience, " Damn your great big voice ; it's your 
 wee small body we want." 
 
 Although Mr. Hampton was famous at the Pittsburg Bar for his imper- 
 turbability and presence of mind in court, which nothing could disconcert, ht- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 51 
 
 JH.H/^MPTOM 
 
52 L'XDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 freeh- admitted in after year? that the interruption and remarks of this wounded 
 soldier, thus made, complete!}' destroyed his current of thought and shortened 
 and spoiled his intended great speech. 
 
 Renewed Exthusiasm in Recruitinx.. 
 
 As an immediate result of this awakened enthusiasm by the powerful and 
 stirring addresses at this meeting, a great impetus was given to recruiting through- 
 out W^estern Pennsylvania. Recruiting offices were opened in many of the 
 conspicuous streets in the cities and boroughs. The fife and drum for recruits 
 were heard continuously during all hours of the day and often late at night. In- 
 deed, many drum corps seemed to imrade the streets with every new recruit 
 secured. 
 
 The advertisements in the newspapers of the day and in the public hand- 
 bills emphasized the requirement in recruits that " Xone but sober, steady men 
 need apply." This at first appeared ver}- suggestive that a ])rohibition army was 
 being recruited instead of a grand rally in defense of the Union. All recruits, 
 however, did not attain this high standard of sobrictv. 
 
 Schools axd Churches Furnish Recruits. 
 
 ^[inisters left their pulpits and organized companies during this period: 
 notably. Reverend John B. Clark. D. D., pastor of the Second United Presbyterian 
 
 Church, who, bidding farewell to his con- 
 gregation on girding on the sword in de- 
 fense of his countiT, recruited a regiment 
 in a period of less than ten days. The ma- 
 joritv of his regiment were youths belong- 
 ing to his own flock, who proved gallant 
 soldiers. Reverend Clark held a war meet- 
 ing in the lecture-room of his own church, 
 and there organized his regiment, the One 
 I Iiuidred and Twenty-third Pennsylvania 
 \'olunteers, he being unanimously chosen 
 as Colonel. 
 
 College students breaking off their 
 course of study, industrial apprentices with 
 unfinished terms, law students short of ad- 
 mission to the bar, and youths and adults 
 from every vocation vied with each other 
 in hastening to defend the flag. 
 
 In the enthusiasm of the youths eager 
 
 to enlist, but few elections for officers were 
 
 held, the minds of the recruits not being 
 
 upon office or position. The choosing of 
 
 REV. JOHN B. CLARK, D.D. couipauv officcrs was, therefore, left in 
 
UNDER THE ^[ALTESE CROSS. 
 
 DO YOU LOVE YOUR COUNTRY? 
 
 IF SO, RALLT FOR HER DEFUNSBI 
 
 YOUNC MEN 
 
 Ttar C«»irj leau is jtn Mtslt*. Coar htvnti, ik*», mtlh 
 williiK kai4» aid krafc kearta, I* crisk oa( inun I 
 
 A FZNB OPPOIUrUlfITT 
 
 1$ now offered to persons deoirlng (o enlUC for tbret 
 years or daring <he nsr, by Ibc 
 
 Noty in cRmp, near PiUsbur^b, nbo require a few ntrre 
 good nclive men (o fill up Iheir rank* (o Ihr complenienl 
 of lOI . Thiii Company is attached (o Ibe 
 
 JL O O B X* •X* la X3 tTa 
 
 COL HIRAH HDITZ'S REGBHENT. 
 
 Persons vrisbing to Join will please enll imrnrdiately ft 
 
 Wo. HI Wood Street, 
 
 VrVDEB LAFAYETTE HALL, PITTitBCBbB. 
 
 Or 
 
 D. M. ARMOR, Capt 
 
 TYPE OF WAR TIME HAND BILL IN 1861-2. 
 
54 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 most cases to the promoters who had ])ubHslied the calls for recruits and incurred 
 recruiting expenses. 
 
 Organization" of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. 
 
 The nucleus of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment was Company 
 A and Company B of the " Kier Rifles," so named in recruiting in compliment 
 to S. M. Kier, a large contributor to the Union cause. 
 
 "The Hiland (niards," called after .\lexander Hiland, who was Clerk of 
 Courts, was recruited by A. L. Pearson and E. A. Montooth, and it subsequently 
 became Company A of the Regiment. 
 
 Captain Frank \'an ( lorder and Joseph B. Sackett organized Company B of 
 the Kier Rifles, which became Company E of the Regiment. 
 
 Company A of the Kier Rifles, which was recruited by Captain John Markle, 
 E. E. Clapp and H. .A. Breed, formed Company F of the Regiment. 
 
 " The Park Zouaves " was named after the late James Park, Jr., a patriotic 
 steel manufacturer of Pittsburg. It was recruited under the call of S. .\. McKee, 
 a veteran of the Mexican War. It Iiecame Company I of the Regiment. 
 
 " The McAuley Guards " was recruited under the call of James J. Hall as 
 Captain, and Samuel Kilgore and .\lexander Carson, Lieutenants. It was named 
 after James McAuley. who bore all expenses of its recruiting, but became Com- 
 pany D of the Regiment. 
 
 " The F^ark Rifles " was organized b}- John H. Cain and Lee .\nshutz. It 
 became Company C of the Regiment, with its organizers as officers. 
 
 Company G of the One Ilundreil and Fifty-fifth was organized at the home- 
 stead of Doctor Charles Klotz, of Clarion county, wlm was made Captain. 
 
 Company K was known as the " Loyal I'nion Guards." It was recruiteil 
 in Armstrong county in response to a call for recruits signed by J. A. Cline, of 
 Kittanning. It subsequently became Company K of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, Cline being chosen Captain. 
 
 Company LI of the Regiment was recruited in Clarion county liy Captain John 
 Ewing and Lieutenant D. E. L}-on, who were its first officers. 
 
 PnVSIC.M. E.\AMIX.\TIOX OF Rfcruits. 
 
 All these companies, as soon as the men and the various recruiting ofiicers 
 had been examined, and had passed the physical inspection of the L'nited States 
 surgeons, were formally mustered into the I'nited States service by Captain E. H. 
 Ludington. of the Seventeenth I'nited States Infantry, mustering ofticer for 
 Pittsburg. 
 
 It might be interesting to the reader to describe the re(|uired physical exami- 
 nations. They were usually conducted in the rear rooms of the recruiting of- 
 fices, and were rushed through with the very greatest celerity because of the 
 existing emergencies. The great majority of the recruits, being youths from 
 sixteen to twenty, were sturdy, heaUliy. athletic boys. who. at the inspection, read- 
 ily disported themselves in nature'-- garb, demonstrating by gymnastic eft'orts, 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 55 
 
 trapeze perfcirmance>. haiid->prings and mischievous pranks generally, their 
 physical fitness, cciiivmcing the examining surgeons so as to pass the strenuous 
 youths in a body. Quite a minority, however, of the recruits, on one pretext or 
 another, were very backward about being examined, and succeeded in avoiding 
 the ordeal. A few others were absent paying farewell visits to Bacchus, etc., 
 but all were finall\' allowed to be mustered in. Many of the quota thus excused 
 from examination, in active service soon proved to be physically unfit for active 
 campaigning. Many of these, who did not die, were quite early mustered out on 
 surgeons' certificates of disability. 
 
 Rendezvous in C.vmp Howe. 
 
 The companies named above, upon being mustered in, were ordered to 
 report under their temporary officers at Camp Howe, now in the Fourteenth ward 
 of Pittsburg. The camp at that time was composed of a large tract of land 
 known as " Linden Grove," containing fifty acres, well laid out and watered, 
 with comfortable barracks and quarters erected thereon for the accommodation 
 of soldiers. It was occupied during the Civil \\'ar as a rendezvous and drilling 
 ground for recruits. 
 
 The companies named, and subsequeiUly merged into the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Regiment, were all promjitly clothed in ill-fitting blue uniforms, 
 unbleached underwear and astonishingly large army brogans. With the startling 
 instructions — though there was probably not a cartridge in the camp — to shoot 
 on sight any individual atteiupting to enter or leave Camp Howe, with or without 
 the countersign, the recruits were promptly armed with nuiskets beiongmg to die 
 camp, and detailed for camp guards. 
 
 The company from Clarion county, subsequently Company H, is conceded, 
 on the evidence of its future Captain, John Ewing, the honor of having one of 
 its recruits shed the first blood in his country's cause at Camp Howe. The recruit 
 thus honored insisted to a camj:) guard on duty that he had a right to go in or out 
 of the camp with or without the countersign. To end the discussion, the Com- 
 pany H recruit was given a prod with the bayonet by the guard that drew the 
 claret. This claim of first blood, however, was later seriously disputed on behalf 
 of Private James Fielding, of Company E. Fielding insists that a jab from a pro- 
 truding bayonet, which a recruit carelessly left sticking out of a tent at night,' 
 drew blood from his big toe. From this wound Fielding was forever afterward 
 rendered hors du combat. Not being able to decide between Company H and 
 Company E on this gra\e subject, the compilers of this history are compelled to 
 remit the determination of the rival claims to the category of undecided contro- 
 versies arising out of the Civil \\'ar. 
 
 Life and Scenes in C.\mp Howe. 
 
 The first assemblage and residence of the companies in Camp Howe was 
 marked with great spirit and gayety. The country boys, recruits from the Kis- 
 kiminetas, the Youghiogheny and the Monongahela valleys, and from the Clarion 
 
56 
 
 UXDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 In the barracks at night there were " hoe- 
 inging ranging at times from 
 
 and the Red Bank rivers, had bronght with them to camp their musical instru- 
 ments, vioHns, flutes, guitars and mandohns. The city men and boys, in addition 
 to their musical instruments, formed a glee club, George P. Fulton performing 
 on the guitar, and Harry Campbell and Robert Culp on the mandolins. Among 
 the many good vocalists were Colonel E. Jay Allen, Captain A. L. Pearson, John 
 H. Ralston, Jack Campbell, and Lieutenants E. A. Montooth, George F. Morgan 
 and Samuel Kilgore. The week's sojotirn in the camp was thus rendered a period 
 of marked enjoyment and conviviality 
 downs," and music both instrumental and vocal, the 
 the martial to the humorous and the pathetic. Every day was marked by visits 
 of delegations of ladies and friends from the city and vicinity. Even though the 
 new uniforms did not fit. the recruits put forth their best efforts to please their 
 visiting friends. 
 
 This paradise of pleasure was rudely marred by the bill of fare and abom- 
 inable cooking arrangements of the camp. Shortly after the arrival of the com- 
 panies at Camp Howe, so-called camp-cooks were provided ; and then began an 
 experience of which the country boys, accustomed to mother's cooking, had 
 never before dreamed. Food of the most abominable character was served — ^vile 
 smelling and vile tasting. The country boys, who were compelled by force of 
 circumstances to live on these rations, soon began to experience the first symptoms 
 of home-sickness. The city boys, however, did not remain in camp for meals, 
 only reporting daily, and consequently escaped this unpleasant experience. 
 
 The companies were entirely free and independent up to that time, there 
 being no regimental organization in Cainp Howe, although it was generally un- 
 derstood that E. Jay Allen was to be the 
 Colonel of the Regiment because of his 
 previous military experience in the field. 
 On the 3d of September, 18(32, however, the 
 nine companies then in camp were ordered 
 to report immediately at ^^'ashington un- 
 der command of Colonel Allen, who was 
 commissioned Colonel at Harrisburg, as 
 Regiment was on its way to the former city. 
 Colonel Robert Anderson, commanding 
 the Ninth Pennsylvania Reserves, on the 
 day before the Second Battle of Bull Run 
 granted a furlough to Sergeant James Col- 
 lord to join a company in Camp Howe,, 
 which had been recruited for him by his 
 friends at home. This company later be- 
 came Company F of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth. Sergeant Collord declined ac- 
 cepting the furlough until after the battle 
 which was then impending. The battle oc- 
 curred the next day and Sergeant Collord 
 LiEUT.-coL JAMES COLLORD. ^^^^ badly wotmded. On report of the sol- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 57 
 
 diely conduct of CoUord in thi? battle. Governor Curtin recalled an intended Cap- 
 tain's commission for him, and instead issued to the brave Sergeant a commission 
 as Lieutenant-Colonel of the newly-formed One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regi- 
 ment. Owing to the se\erity i^f Lieutenant-Colonel Collord's wounds and con- 
 tinuance of disabilities he resitiiied at the end of two months. 
 
 Marliiixi, (Jrders. — Packing L'p. 
 
 While the cnm])anies were thus enjoying themselves with festivities, and in 
 getting used to their misfit uniforms and infamous food at Camp Howe during 
 the last week in August, 18i)'^. history was being made fast in the vicinity of 
 Washington. The disastrous campaign of Pope's army, which had been driven 
 to the very gates of Washington, cut short the jovialty of the several regiments 
 hastily recruited and quartered at Camp Howe. The One H^undred and Twenty- 
 third Regiment, Colonel John B. Clark : the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth, 
 Colonel Thomas ]\L Bayne : the (Jne Hundred and Thirt}--ninth, Colonel F. H. 
 Collier; and a number of cavalry and artillery companies were all in the same 
 rendezvous, at Camp Howe. They were all ordered to the beleaguered Capital 
 at Washington as fast as the F'ennsylvania Railroad trains could carry them. 
 
 On the memorable 'id of September. ISfi"-', marching orders were received 
 for the future r)ne Hundred and Fifty-fifth to break camp and march to the 
 Union station on Liberty street, next da_v, and there to take the cars for Wash- 
 ington, to share in checking the onslaught of the enem\'. The scene on the eve 
 of Waterloo described by Byron's immortal stanzas. " There was a sound of 
 revelry by night." and the gayet\- at Brussels, rudely interrupted by the dashing 
 messenger who conveyed the order to the officers in the ball-room to march to 
 the battle of ^^'aterloo, is paralleled by the orderly who brought the startling 
 news that night to the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, annoimcing marching orders 
 for Washington at daylight. The new soldiers left the gay ball-room in the 
 concert hall of the barracks, some abruptly terminating friendly games of cards 
 in their quarter-;, on receipt of the ominous marching orders, all probably being 
 duly impressed that unless the Regiment hurried to the relief of the imperiled 
 Capital, the Confederates would catpure it. 
 
 The freight or cattle car>, or probably both, which the Penns}-lvania Railroad 
 at that time was able to provide for the departing Regiment, it was announced in 
 orders, would not leave the station until T p. m. Through some mysterious cal- 
 culation as to the time required to accom])lish this short march of three miles 
 from Camp Howe to the Liberty street Station, it was deemed imperatively neces- 
 sary to enable the march to be accomplished in tune, to sound the reveille as early 
 as five o'clock in the morning. This very liberal allowance of fourteen hours to 
 accomplish the packing up and short march of the new command could not be 
 complained of as being too severe or arduous on the new recruits, even in the 
 exciting emergency. Contrasting the time allowed for the march from Camp 
 Howe to the railroad station with the rapid-transit gait the same men acquired 
 later, in their memorable forced marches of twenty-eight and thirty miles a day 
 in the Maryland and (ilettysbiu'g campaign, it seemed most amusing. However, 
 
58 UNDER THE ^lALTESE CROSS. 
 
 the elaborate preparations, the minil.)er of contlictiny orders, the delays, the ob- 
 structions, the countermanding; of orders to getting read}' to " fall in " and to 
 " fall out " for the march from Camp Howe to the relief of Washington via the 
 Libert}' street Station, will never be forgotten by those participating. 
 
 Heavy Kxai'.sacks. — A AIemorakle March. 
 
 All the morning of the 3d of Se])tember in C'amp Howe was not unlike 
 many of the mornings spent and time lost by armies in active campaigning, in 
 getting ready to fight. In Camp Howe, the new recruits were occupied up until 
 three o'ldock in the afternoon before they got under way, and bade farewell 
 forever to Camp Howe and its varied memories. The day of the departure was 
 unusualb' hot. The men in the ranks were still l:)urdened with home presents 
 and gifts and material thought to be necessary in active warfare, stowed away, 
 making their knapsacks quite heavy. The contents of the latter were, of course, 
 Bibles, albums, shoe-brushes, clothes-brushes, tooth-brushes, soap, spoons, knives 
 and forks, cujis and saucers, suspenders, gloves, neckties, mirrors, shirts, vests, 
 extra caps, etc., etc., swelling up the knapsack to an inordinate size. Some men 
 in the ranks, providing against rainy days, carried umbrellas. To all these were 
 added heavy blankets, and haversacks gorged to re]iletion with fruits and pre- 
 serves, to guard against |K)ssible starvation en route. Many of the canteens also 
 were filled with beverage — whether with water, coffee, or ardent spirits must ever 
 be a subject of conjecture. A march of one or two short squares brought the 
 greatest disorder and confusion to this untrained, undisciplined, and undrilled 
 corps, not unlike, for diversity of step, deportment, uniform and imsoldieily gait, 
 Falstafif's famous guard. At the end of the first two s(|uares, which brought the 
 column to Fifth avenue, the ranks were broken for tci\vn-])umps and watering 
 troughs to bathe the fevered brows of the fatigued marchers. The right to rest 
 at this stage was conceded the column; and in half an hour, by coaxing and 
 threatening, the recruits resumed position, where the}- could recognize it, with 
 their own companies. The need of a fifer or drummer or band-master was at this 
 stage sadly felt. Although there was plenty of material in the regiment, the 
 Government in the emergenc}' had fiu^nished neither fife, drum nnv flag to the 
 new organization. 
 
 The second " fall-in " after this half-hour's rest was followed bv a slow 
 and easy march for another half hour, when by unanimous consent, but without 
 a formal vote, a second halt took place in the vicinity of Craft avenue, for the 
 double purpose of a rest as well as to allow the stragglers to catch up. Three- 
 quarters of an hour's halt was deemed necessary at this point to enable the wearied 
 recruits to regain strength sufficient to make the next mile inning. ]\Iuch of this 
 being down hill, was accomplished with less fatigue and straggling in the ranks, 
 althotigh a number took a half-way halt in the classic precincts of Soho, and 
 tarried there long after the Regiment had passed. 
 
 Flag Presentation En Route. 
 Before reaching the scene of the flag presentation scheduled to take place in 
 the vicinity of Ross street and the Court House at i; o'clock p. m., several more 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 59 
 
60 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 halts were agreed upon by the embryo officers and their men. but the cohimn was 
 very much decimated by the time it reached the Second ward school-yard on 
 Ross street, where the flag presentation was to take place. The departing Regi- 
 ment, which was scheduled to depart from the Liberty street Station at 7 o'clock 
 p. M., was, by the compliment of the railroad authorities, indulged until half- 
 past nine, so as to allow the last tardy straggler from Camp Howe to rejoin his 
 company. Straggling had set in early and continued late. Alany of the men did 
 not know their officers. The Regiment had no designation ; and, until the future 
 officers would get their commissions, authorit}' was very tenderly exercised. The 
 nine hundred men composing the nine companies made the three-mile forced 
 march at the rate of a mile in three hours. Many broke down, and sought trans- 
 portation in passing wagons and carts ; others loaded their baggage and persons 
 on the one-horse bob-tailed street-car line that had been recently constructed. 
 The final long-halt made at the Second ward school-house was for the purpose of 
 listening to a flag presentation by the ladies of the Second ward to Colonel E. 
 Jay Allen, the future commander of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, With this 
 rest the survivors of the march straightened up and. displaying considerable 
 sprightliness and improvement of step, as the ladies and crowds on the sidewalks 
 cheered them, marched down Fifth avenue to ^^'ood street, thence to Liberty 
 street, where the train awaited them. The accession of the new flag thus pre- 
 sented also seemed to inspire the patriots with renewed vigor for the completion 
 of their journey to the railroad station. 
 
 Bef..\kin"g HoifE Ties. — F.xrewell .Scenes. 
 
 Liberty street, wht-re the cars awaited the soldiers from Camp Howe, was 
 literally crowded by the friends and acquaintances of the departing soldiers : so 
 that when they broke ranks to enter the cars assigned them, they were beseiged 
 with demonstrative attentions of their friends and relations. The patriotism of 
 the young ladies of that day was so exuberant that they did not confine their 
 farewell embraces of hugging and kissing to sweethearts and relatives only, but 
 bestowed their favors and attentions on the boys in blue indiscriminately. At 
 this final farewell the embracing and farewell kisses of mothers, wives and 
 sweethearts, and smacks in general, resounding from every quarter, lasted until 
 the train departed at 9 :3(i p. m., tlie crowd cheering to the last echo as the train 
 bore the loved ones away, manv of them never to return. 
 
 At the debut of this undisciplined, hastily organized collection of city boys 
 and country }ouths. who added to the heavy -burdened knapsacks in many 
 cases, a walking arsenal of Bowie knives and horse pistols, ready for the emer- 
 gencies of war, it would seem hardly possible, that they would so soon, in a 
 few months, under efficient officers, become converted to well-drilled and disci- 
 plined soldiers. Yet it is a fact that these same raw recruits, for perfection in 
 drill, and especially in the bayonet exercise, were rewarded by the Government 
 at the end of their first year, with the unique and fancy dress uniform of 
 zouaves, constituting one of the three vcilunteer regiments honored by the Gov- 
 ernment bv being assigned to serve in the same division with Svkes' United States 
 
UNDER THE IMALTESE CROSS. 
 
 61 
 
 Regulars. Not only did they excel in drilling, but their forced marches from 
 twenty-eight to thirty miles a day in the ^larjland-Gettysburg campaign, carry- 
 ing muskets and sixty rounds of ammunition, exhibited their great development 
 in rapid-transit marches over their first and memorable march from Camp Howe. 
 Oakland, to the Libertv street Station a short vear before. 
 
 Ox TO Harrisburg and Washixgtox. 
 
 The train ^teamed out of the Liberty street Station at !i:3o r. m. The 
 departing train was made up of freight cars, there being neither lamps, candles 
 nor lights of any kind, and the recruits retired early, and were soon in the land 
 of nod, after their early rising, fatiguing day's labor and marches. No stops 
 occurred on the route to the State Capital, where they arrived (juite early. The 
 Regiment was immediateh- detrained, and marched a mile or more to Camp 
 Curtin for breakfast, being assisted and escorted on this early march by the 
 accommodating Provost Guards on duty at Harris- 
 burg. All day of the 4th of September was spent 
 at Harrisburg, and many of the recruits escaped 
 from the camp and inspected the Capital and the 
 city at large. 
 
 While at Harrisburg it was announced to the 
 Regiment that Colonel E. Jay Allen had received his 
 commission and was to be recognized as Colonel of 
 the Regiment, which was to be numbered and known 
 as the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 
 At the State Arsenal in Harrisburg. the Regi- 
 ment was armed with very heavy ordnance called 
 the Belgian rifle, and immediately entrained for 
 Washington via Baltimore. The accession of the 
 very heavy guns and cartridge-boxes to the alread\- 
 heavy-laden recruit made his life very burdensome. 
 On arriving at Baltimore, the Regiment detrained 
 anil bivouacked on the sidewalk of Eutaw street, 
 where they partook of the bounty of the Government 
 in the shape of a meal composed of raw pork, hard- 
 tack, and black, unsugared, uncreamed coffee. recruit and Belgian rifle. 
 
 '^ Noah H. Pangburn. 
 
63 UXDER THE :\IALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Chapter II. 
 CAMP CHASE. 
 
 Regimext Reaches Washington at il a. m. — Takes Breakfast .\t Soldier's 
 Retreat in S\v.\mpoodle District. — Hardtack, Coffee and Salt Pork for 
 Breakfast. — ]\L\rch to Camp Chase. — Long Roll Sounded at Midnight in 
 Camp Chase. — One Hundred and Fiftv-fifth Assigned to Allabach's 
 Brig.\de, Humphreys' Division, Fifth Corps. — March to Fairfax Semi- 
 nary. — March to the City of A\"ashingtox. — Colonel Alle.x Orders ^^'AG0N 
 Lo,\D OF Oy'sters. — Humphreys' Division Exchange Belgian Rifles .and 
 Sword Bayonets for Harper's Ferry" Muskets with Buck-and-B.\ll Car- 
 
 TRIDGK. HaLLECK OrDERS HuMPHREYS' DIVISION TO MoVE. 
 
 Arrival in W'ashingtox. 
 
 m 
 
 FTER a short stop in Baltimore and a detention en route at the Relay 
 
 uOBrll House, the Regiment reached ^\'ashington, still in the uncomfortable 
 
 freight cars, at <i a. m. Xot an official, guide or chaperone of any 
 
 kind was on hand to receive or to pilot to breakfast the tired and 
 
 hungry One Htmdred and Fifty-fifth Regiment. Colonel Allen and 
 statY. however, who were excellent and vigilant foragers on this first assumption 
 of command of the Regiment, soon discovered the famous " Swampoodle dis- 
 trict," where the " Soldiers' Retreat " was located. This was the name of the 
 barracks in which the meals to new regiments were furnished by the United 
 States at all hours. Colonel Allen's organization, approximating a thousand 
 men, needed no military drill or rehearsal to. enable it to get into line promptly 
 on the Colonel's order to " fall in " on this occasion for breakfast. They im- 
 mediately stormed the " Soldier's Retreat," and took possession of the eating 
 stands and the contents thereof. Their first Government meal consisted of 
 hardtack, black, sugarless, creamless cofifee with tin cup accompaniment, and 
 boiled salt pork. The soldier guests were allowed to stand and wait on them- 
 selves throughout the so-called meal. 
 
 Forced INIarcii to C.vmp Chase. 
 
 About ten o'clock the Provost Guard of \\'ashington assisted in gathering 
 in many of the sight-seeing boys and they were marched in a body back to the 
 " Soldiers' Retreat," from whence they had wandered. (Jrders had come by 
 this time that the Regiment was needed at the front and should immediately 
 march across Long Bridge to Camp Chase on Arlington Heights. It at once 
 
UNDER THE ALALTESE CROSS. 
 
 63 
 
 MAJ.-GEN. GEORGE B. McCLELLAN. 
 
64 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 packed up and made the march, under a broiling sun. arriving at Camp Chase 
 late in the evening. In this camp beautiful tents were distributed to the Regi- 
 ment, and the recruits soon began to attain a more soldierly appearance and 
 deportment. The few days they were permitted to remain in this fine camp af- 
 forded an opportunity for the officers to become acquainted with their men. 
 Guard and picket duties were also explained to the men who went on that duty. 
 To test the promptness of the command to respond to orders for action, Colonel 
 Allen, in this camp, had the " long roll " sotinded at midnight, which meant a 
 call " to arms." This first test of the men was highly successful. They got out 
 of their elegant new tents with great alacrity and promptly fell into the ranks, all 
 believing the alarm to be a genuine and a real call to action, and that the enemy, 
 who was near by, had been discovered in force preparing for an attack on 
 the new camp. However, this was not the case, and Colonel Allen, before 
 dismissing the Regiment, thanked the officers and men for their exceedingl}' 
 prompt response to the long roll. At the same time he declared that it was 
 merely to test the Regiment that he had the call to arms sounded and the Regi- 
 ment routed from their tents at that unseasonable hour. 
 
 All.\b.\ch's Brigade. — Humphrey's Dnisiox. 
 
 In Camp Chase orders were read assigning the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment to the newh-formed brigade of Pennsylvania regiments com- 
 manded by Colonel P. H. Allabach, a veteran of the ^Mexican war. It was also 
 simultaneously announced that the newly-formed brigade would form part of 
 the new division organized, also composed of Pennslyvania regiments, and which 
 had been placed under command of Brigadier-General Andrew A. Humphreys, 
 late chief of topographical engineers, on the stall of General ]\IcClellan, and 
 that the brigade and division had been assigned to the Fifth Army Corps, com- 
 manded b}" General Fitz John Porter. The Regiment the next morning marched, 
 unmolested by guerrillas or Black Horse Cavalry, a distance of four or five miles 
 to the vicinity of Fairfax Seminary, Mrginia. and remained there all day Sep- 
 tember 11th. 
 
 (3exer.\l McClell.ax Resumes Commaxd. 
 
 General George B. ]\IcClellan, who but a week prior to this date, had been 
 specially ordered by President Lincoln to again assume command of the Army 
 of the Potomac, was already leading his army in the Maryland campaign against 
 the Confederates, whose columns were already invading that State. The rear 
 guard of the Confederates, however, still tarried in close vicinity of Fairfax 
 Seminary and other points near the Capital, their object being to detain Union 
 troops from joining ]\IcClellan"s army in pursuit of Lee. The day following the 
 midnight test by Colonel Allen already described, and the march the next day 
 to Fairfax Seminary by the Regiment, it was discovered that all of the rear 
 c'uards of the enemy had left their post, and wxre in full and rapid march to 
 iom Lee's columns, invading Maryland. 
 
HUMPHREYS' DIVISION FLAG. 
 September 18, 1862, to May 16, 1863. 
 
THE MAN WITH THE MUSKET. 
 
 Soldiers pass on from this rage of renown, 
 
 This ant-hill, commotion and strife. 
 Pass hy where the marbles and bronzes look down 
 
 With their fast-frozen gestures of life. 
 On, out to the nameless who lie 'neath the gloom 
 
 Of the pitying cypress and pine; 
 Your man is the man of the sword and the plume. 
 
 But the man of the musket is mine. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 65 
 
 MAJ.-GEN. ANDREW A. HUMPHREYS. 
 
66 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 An Oyster Feast. — Coloxel Allen's Tre.\t. 
 
 Humphreys' Division, on September T'tli. marched from Fairfax Semi- 
 nary and crossed over the Potomac on the Acqueduct to GeorgetowiL and pro- 
 ceeding thence to Washington, where it encamped for the night. The One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth, after this marching, was short of rations, and the 
 men were beginning to feel the pangs of hunger. Colonel Allen was equal to 
 the occasion, and endeared himself to his command by promptly supplying the 
 failure of the Commissary to reach the Regimental bivouac with the necessary 
 rations. The Colonel visited Harvey's celebrated oyster depot on Pennsylvania 
 avenue, Washington, and ordered a wagon load of oysters in the shell to be de- 
 livered forthwith at the camp of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. In order 
 that no mistake in the destination nf the oysters should occur. Colonel Allen 
 took a seat on the wagon accompanied by Mr. Harvey, the caterer. More wel- 
 come visitors, or more welcome goods, could not be imagined, than the considerate 
 Colonel and the contents of the wagon. The hungry soldiers, however, and es- 
 pecially those in the ranks from the country, unused to opening bivalves, had their 
 patience sorely tested by the delay in getting at the oysters. The Governmental 
 power of " eminent domain " was exercised by pressing into service a number 
 of contrabands hanging around the camp, and commanding them witli their 
 oyster knives to open the shells. This oyster feast was enjoj'ed immensely. 
 The patriotic Harvey declined to receive any compensation from Colonel Allen, 
 and announced that if one wagon-load was not enough, he would send others 
 up. At the close of the banquet, the Regiment gave Colonel Allen three hearty 
 cheers, whereupon he referred briefly to the public spirit Mr. Harvey had dis- 
 played in refusing compensation. This statement elicited three cheers and a 
 tiger for Harvey. The tardy wagons, with the supplies of hardtack and coffee for 
 the Regiment, however, joined the camp during the night, in time for distribution 
 of army rations at breakfast. 
 
 Great confusion, however, existed in army circles in Washington at this 
 time, owing to the many unassigned soldiers and scattered organizations. Many 
 of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, on the march through the streets of Wash- 
 ington, became detached from their comrades and were unable to find the camp 
 that night. A number of these sufficient to compose a company, as if defending 
 the Capital, wandered into Jackson Park, and bivouacked at the foot of the bronze 
 equestrian statue of the rampant horse, on which Andrew Jackson appears to be 
 so bravely mounted and welcoming the public witli his military chapeau. These 
 patriotic stragglers, however, failed to share in the distribution of Harvey's 
 oysters, and great was their disap])ointment on missing the rare treat. 
 
 Regiment Armed with Effective Weapons. 
 
 Humphreys' Division, at this halt in Washington, exchanged the ponderous 
 Belgian rifles and sword bayonets received at Harrisburg, the military board pre- 
 sided over by Captain A. T. A. Torbert, U. S. A., having condemned them as 
 unfit for service. These anns were undoubtedly imposed upon the Government 
 in the emergency as effective weapons, and no doubt some grafter of that period 
 
UNDER THE AIALTESE CROSS. ' 67 
 
 laid the foundation of a coIus>al furtune in thiH >\vindling the Government. In 
 place of these useless arms, left at the Arsenal in \\'ashington, the Regiment 
 received the Springfield rifles, being the old-fashioned muzzle loader, with ram- 
 rod and percussion cap accompaniments. The ammunition used in these ex- 
 changed guns w^as three buckshot and a bullet, called " buck and ball," which 
 in actual service became destructive only at close range. 
 
 As further evidence of the extraordinary confusion existing in Washington, 
 in the administration of General H. W. Halleck. an incident connected with 
 Humphreys' Division at this date is worthy of mention. As General-in-Chief, 
 Halleck issued the subjoined order on September 13th to General Humphreys, 
 ordering him to leave Washington with his newly-formed division within a few 
 hours, under pain of being court-martialed. This censure of one so energetic 
 and fiery a leader as Humphrexs for tardiness and want of zeal, it is needless to 
 state was most uncalled for. 
 
 ( Cop)- ) 
 
 " 1 lead(|uarter> of the Army, 
 
 Washington, Sept. 13th, ISG^. 
 Unless (ieneral Humphreys immediately leaves to take command of his 
 division in the field, he will be arrested for disobedience of orders. 
 
 ( Signed i H. W. Halt^eck, 
 
 ( ieneral in Chief. 
 Addressed to (jeneral A. A. Humphreys." 
 
 This astonishing dispatch to General Humphreys was a most uncalled for 
 aspersion and betrayed lamentable ignorance on the part of Halleck of the situ- 
 ation. This controversy involving the commander and men of Humphreys' 
 Division is deemed of sufficient importance to incorporate in the Appendix. Gen- 
 eral Humphreys officially replied to Halleck's charge, and demanded that a Court 
 of Inquiry be convened to exonerate him from the unju>t accusation implied in 
 Halleck's peremptory order just quoted. 
 
 4^ 
 
68 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Chapter III. 
 
 FORCED .MARCH TU AXTIETAM. 
 
 ^Iarch of Humphreys' Divisiox fcir \\'esterx Maryland Commenced 
 Sunday' ^Iorxing, September 14th. — ]\Iake Fifteen ]\Iiles in Heat and 
 Dusty Roads. — Cannonading Heard During the D.\y in Direction of South 
 Mountain. — General Humphreys at Head of Column. — ^L\rch Continued 
 on September I-jth. — Abandoned Articles of Clothing and Kn.apsacks 
 Along the Route. — Forced March Resumed. — Reach Cl.\rksville Late in 
 Evening. — Forced ^L\rch Resumed September 16th. — September 17th 
 Humphreys Division Re.\ches jMonocacy' River. — Debris of Burned Bridge. 
 — First Real Evidence of War. — Paroled L'nion Prisoners. — Humphreys' 
 Division H.\lts at Frederick. — Covers Approaches to Washington. — Forced 
 j\L-\RCH TO Join Army of Potomac Resumed. — Humphreys' Division Arrives 
 AT Antietam in Morning of 18th. — H.\rro\ving Sights and Scenes. — 
 Humphreys' Dinision Takes Position in Reserve of Army of Potomac. — 
 Confederate Dead and Wounded Left in Hands of Union Forces. — Cordial 
 Reception of Commander-in-Chief. — Company G of One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Selected to Engage in Reconnoissance. — Camp McAuley. — 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth \\'ithout Shelter or Medical Supplies. — 
 President Lincoln Reviews Army of Potomac. — Colonel J- H. Puleston. 
 Representing Governor Curtin, Presents State Flag to One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth. — Regiment \^"ITH0UT Accommodations for Sick or the Benefit 
 
 of Clergy. 
 
 The Antietam Campaign. 
 
 [IE march into Maryland of the eight new regiments of Pennsylvania 
 troops, aggregating eight thonsand recruits, composing Humphrexs' 
 Division, was commenced very early Sunday morning, September 
 14th. the shortest route from ^^'ashington to join ]\IcClellan's army 
 Ijeing in the direction of A\'estern Maryland. The troops, though 
 heavily burdened, marched all day in the great heat and dusty roads, making 
 fifteen miles, which was regarded as a most satisfactory feat for fresh troops 
 but little over a week from home. Late in the afternoon the Division, or rather 
 those who kept up with the colors, encamped for the night on the outskirts of 
 the beautiful village of Rockville. Md. This camp will be remembered as the 
 l>lace where private Robert A. Hill, of Company " F." was shot in the foot by 
 an over-officiou-^ guard fur trespassing on a peach orchard. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 69 
 
 General Hu.mphkevs at the Head of His Duision. 
 
 During this day's march the caniTinading opening the battle of South Moun- 
 tain could be distinctly heard by the troops. As the colunni was hurriedly march- 
 ing in that direction, it was obvious to all that serious work was before the 
 Regiment. General Humphreys, the Division commander, made his appearance 
 with his staff at the head of the Division during this day, and became very con- 
 spicuous, riding backward and forward along the column on his superb charger, 
 appearing to be the very embodiment of energy and martial bearing. At this 
 time General Humphreys seemed to be a man of about forty-five years of age, 
 having fine classical features, wearing glasses, a military cape, and a black 
 slouch hat. He had a sturdy, well-knit figure, and in his movements and con- 
 versation displayed a most earnest and determined manner. 
 
 Rockville, Md.. where the Regiment camped that night, proved interesting, 
 as being the site of General McClellan's army headquarters two days previous. 
 September 1.3th was spent in continuing the march from Rockville from early 
 in the morning until three o'clock in the afternoon, when a long halt was taken 
 for dinner. Among the noteworthy incidents of the forced march made b}' 
 Humphreys' Division the preceding two days, were mimerous well-filled knap- 
 sacks lying on each side of the route where they had been tossed bv foot-sore 
 men who had carried them. Xew army overcoats and blankets issued by the 
 Government had also been thrciwn away by soldiers whii were unable to carrv 
 them farther on the fatiguing marches. Teamsters with the arnn- wagon-trains, 
 who followed, often dismounted and picked up these abandoned articles on the 
 roadside, and in many cases were known tci sell them to citizens along the route. 
 
 i^fter dinner marching was resumed, and the same scenes continued until 
 late in the evening, when the column reached Clarksville and bivouaced for the 
 night, tired and worn-out by the severe inarching in hot weather. 
 
 Early next day, September irith. the column resumed the march, passing 
 through the villages of Hyattstown and I'rbana, the populations of which treated 
 the marching troops very co(illy. There were no cheers nor encouraging words 
 uttered liy any df the inha1)itant> as the Union troops marched thrriugh these 
 places. 
 
 The Regiment this day manifested evidences of fatigue, and many more 
 knapsacks, overcoats and impediments to marching were thrown away by the 
 command. Xight overtook many of the men who were unable to keep up, lagging 
 far behind the advance of the Regiment, unable to maintain the speed which 
 General Humphreys, Colonel Allabach, Colonel Allen, all riding superb horses, 
 so strenuousl}' urged them to do. Nature asserted itself in many cases, and 
 from sheer e.xhaustion many of the troops could go no farther. (Jthers turned 
 in at points where they broke down and formed tempi.n-ary messes and groups 
 for the night. One of the rendezvous afl:"ording a night's shelter for the broken- 
 down and foot-sore inexperienced soldiers was a Young Ladies' Seminary build- 
 ing, recently vacated. There were many rooms and dormitories in the building, 
 also a fine orchard of ripe apples and peaches adjoining, and plenty of limpid 
 water, all nf which made it for a nii;'ht's lodirinsj- a ni(i>t welcome discoverv. All 
 
TO L'XDER THE -MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 the rooms on the different floors were occupied by the soldiers who had dropped 
 out of the ranks from exhaustion. The fatigued occupants retired very early. 
 The Confederates of Longstreet's Corps had occupied this building a few nights 
 previous. They had written their autographs, and many unpatriotic inscriptions, 
 with burnt sticks, on the beautifully, white-plastered walls. They had registered 
 their names, ranks, and regiments conspicuously : some recording disloyal epi- 
 grams and other epitaphs on Abraham Lincoln. The L'nion troops (about one 
 hundred in number i who found shelter in the hospitable seminary also took 
 burnt sticks and recorded tributes far from complimentary to one Jeflferson 
 Davis and the Southern Confederacy, indulging at the same time in loyal 
 cartoons of Lincoln. Washington, etc. The names of John ^L Lancaster, 
 Theophilus Callen. Xewell D. Loutsenheiser. Thomas P. Tomer, James P. 
 O'Xeil, Robert P. Douglass, Hugh Leonard. James Finnegan and John 
 Crookham, all of the C)ne Hundred and Fifty-fifth, are among those now re- 
 called as having duly recorded their names, rank<. etc., that night on the walls 
 of the parlors of the seminary. 
 
 Private McKenna, of Company " E," especially distinguished himself on 
 fhis occasion as a lightning artist, and was given three cheers by the comrades 
 who witnessed his performance, and vinanimously voted Regimental artist. 
 
 Before resuming the march the next morning the seminary orchard was 
 invaded by the visiting Union soldiers and the ripe apples and peaches liberally 
 appropriated at breakfast. 
 
 Scenp:s at Monocacv River. — Paroled Prisoners. 
 
 Humphreys" Division, after resuming the march September ITth, reached 
 the Monocacy river about ten o'clock .\. m., where it halted for considerable time. 
 The trocips very generally availed themselves of the opportunity presented to 
 enjoy a much-needed bath. All the regiments of the Division, having loaded 
 their guns soon after departing from Washington, their officers decided that 
 they should either discharge them or get rid of the loads by drawing the car- 
 tridges. A number also took occasion at Monocacy to indulge in target firing. 
 It was amusing to see how these inexperienced marksmen, many of them firing 
 guns for the first time in their lives, often missed not only the target but even the 
 large tree on which it was placed. 
 
 Humphreys' column pushed on, resuming forced marching, bemg prodded 
 by the fiery (General and his staff. The Regimental and coiupany officers 
 also stimulated the men b}' referring to the reports that McCleilan s death-grapple 
 with Lee made it imperative that every man of Humphreys' Division should join 
 the main L'nion army to accomplish an assured Cnion victory over the Con- 
 federate troops. 
 
 The scenes at the [Nlonocacy were the first real evidence of war and its 
 blighting effects that the new troops of Humphreys' Division had witnessed. 
 At the Monocacy Railroad Junction, on the Monocacy river, the railroad bridge 
 had two days before been blown up by the Confederates; the timbers, debris and 
 wreckage of all kinds being plainly visible as Humphreys' column halted close 
 
UNDER THE ^FALTESE CROSS. ri 
 
 bv. ^lany things that fell iiiKler the observation of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth were very suggestive of war. The corpse of a negro killed in the blowing 
 up of the bridge was still exposed. It was currently reported that he was the 
 man the Confederates employed to apply the torch which caused the explosion 
 and destruction of the bridge. 
 
 Xear this point another surprising spectacle awaited Humphreys' men on 
 their f<.irced luarch to re-in force AlcClellan's army then engaged with the enemy. 
 This was the jjresence of twelve thousand prisoners of war captured and paroled 
 by the Confederates at Harper's Ferry. They w^ere all Ohio regiments who had 
 been captured by Stonewall Jackson and paroled by him not to take up arms until 
 duh" exchanged. This large body of L'nion troops, thus paroled at this critical 
 period, marching to the rear instead of to the front, appeared sad, and man\- of 
 the men ])aroled betrayed despondency as they spoke of the great prowess and 
 skill of Stonewall Jackson. As the paroled prisoners passed by the One Hun- 
 dred and l-"ift_\-lifth Regiment, who had so shortly before left Pittsburg for the 
 front sanguine in their expectations of defeating and capturing the Confederates, 
 the eltect ma}- be more easily imagined than described. The incident was certainly 
 one which tended to chill the ardor of the most enthusiastic patriot at the time. 
 
 Xo doubt the chronic dread of uncovering Washington still haunted General- 
 in-Chief Halleck, and had much to do in influencing his orders on the advance of 
 .McClellan's ariu\- against the Confederate forces invading Maryland. It was 
 well kn<j\vn that General AlcClellan. on being restored by President Lincoln to 
 the command of the Army of the Potomac, had insisted that Harper's Ferry 
 was of no strategic importance, and should be evacuated so that the twelve 
 thousand troops garrisoning that post under Colonel Miles should unite with 
 his army immediatel\- in the pursuit of Lee in Maryland, President Lincoln 
 referred General McClellan's request to General Halleck, and General McClellan, 
 before leaving W ashington, accompanied by Honorable W illiam H. Seward. 
 Secretary of State, waited on General Halleck to secure authority to evacuate 
 Harper's Ferry and to have its garrison join ^McClellan's army in its new cam- 
 paign, tialleck indignantly closed his ears to McClellan's appeals, dissenting 
 wholly from his views and emphatically declared that Harper's Ferry was a very 
 Gibraltar of strength and defense, and insisted that it was of the utmost impor- 
 tance, strategicallv, and that not a man from it could be spared to join ^Ic- 
 Clellan's army o])erating in Alaryland against the main army of Lee. In less 
 than (ine week the folly of Halleck's views was demonstrated b)' the capture with- 
 out diiificulty of Harper's Ferry l)y Stonewall Jackson, and the consequent sur- 
 render and paroling of twelve thousand Union troops. It was probabh' in con- 
 sequence of Halleck's orders that Humphreys' Division of new troops, eight 
 thousand strong, was halted for a whole day near Frederick, i.m this forced 
 march to join McClellan's armv, and that this unfortunate delay prevented their 
 reaching Antietam until the day following the great battle. It is needles;, to 
 state that General Humphreys chafed intensely under this new order from Wash- 
 ington required him to halt in camp while almost within sound of the constant 
 cannonading at Antietam while the battle was in progress. However, the author- 
 ities in Washington, on the afternoon of September Uth, reconsidered their 
 
72 UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 action ami, \\hen too late, allowed Humphreys' Division to break camp and re- 
 sume its march to join McClellan's arm\' after losing a day near Frederick. 
 
 Humphreys Ordered to Join ;McCi.ELr..\x. 
 
 The following order received from General Fitz John Porter ma}' account 
 for Halleck's action when he reconsidered his order to Humphreys to go into 
 camp near Frederick instead of despatching his fine Division to the relief of the 
 Arm}' of the Potoihac at Antietam : 
 
 "Headquarters, Fifth Army Corps, September 17th, 1863, 3:30 p. ii. 
 "General A. A. Flumphreys, in bivouac near Frederick: 
 
 \\'e are in the midst of the most important and extended battle of the war. 
 The rebels are desperate. \\ e have driven them some distance, but it is of vital 
 importance to get up all our troops. Come on as soon as possible, and hurry 
 up with all haste. Do not render the command unfit for service, but force your 
 march. 
 
 •• Alex. S. Werk, Brig. Gen., Chief-of-StalT. Fifth Corps." 
 
 ( )n resuming the march fi>r .Vntictam, Humphreys' Division passed through 
 Frederick City, where the troops were cheered and applauded enthusiastically by 
 the residents, indicating by the large number of Union flags displayed and the 
 warmth of the reception that the loyal citizens of that place were in the majority; 
 also that but little success had attended the Confederate etTorts to induce the 
 citizens of Maryland to rally around the banners of the Confederacy. But three 
 days before this reception to Hum]ilu'eys" Division, Bradley Johnson, himself a 
 JMarvlander. with his Confederate cavalry, had posted handbill proclamations to 
 Alarylanders along the line of the march of Lee's army, appealing to all Con- 
 federate s}mpathizers to aid the Southern cause. 
 
 Under the pressing orders of General Fitz John Porter just quoted and the 
 earnest zeal of the Division Commander, General Humphreys, and of the brigade 
 commander^. Colonels Allabach and Tyler, and also of the Colonels commanding 
 regiments, the forced night march to Antietam was marked by few halts for 
 rests, the grave emergency not permitting it. The patriotism of the men in the 
 ranks and their desire to reach the battlefield in time to take part in the action 
 inspired them to demonstrate greater endurance, and to make a better record for 
 continuous marching than was ever achieved by any other fresh troops in any 
 previous campaign. Many of the men broke down and gave out from sheer 
 exhaustion on this memorable forced night-march. Many more, from over- 
 exertion on that night's campaign, contracted disabilities that made them cripples 
 and invalids for life. The ambition of the new and inexperienced troops to 
 respond to the orders and appeals of McClellan's army for help sustained them, 
 enabling them to demonstrate their marching qualities : so that there was less 
 than the usual dropping out of the ranks to straggle or rest. 
 
 During- the night-march the column passed through ^liddletown. a village 
 ■which bore niany evidences of its proximity to the battlefields of South ^Mountain 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 and Antietani, the principal buildings being converted into hospitals for the 
 Federal wounded. 
 
 On leaving the city of ^^'ashington, Humphreys' Division was estimated to 
 be eight thousand strong. General Humphreys, at the head of his troops, reached 
 Antietam, and reported to General AlcClellan on the field about seven o'clock 
 in the morning of the ISth. It was estimated that a thousand, foot-sore, wearied 
 and exhausted men of his command had broken down from fatigue on the 
 forced march of the night, and that after short rests to recuperate, the luajority 
 of them had reji lined their command, cuntinuing to report in detachments until 
 near noon. 
 
 On the last hour's luarch to join AlcClellan, the L'nion soldiers enjoyed the 
 comforting spectacle of seeing upwards of one thousand Confederate prisoners 
 in their gray and butternut uniforms, who were ca])tured from Stonewall Jack- 
 son's command in the action at Antietam. 
 
 The Division soon after passed through the village of Bonnsboro, the streets 
 of which were thronged with ambulances conveying wounded soldiers of Mc- 
 Clellan's army to the buildings which had been improvised as hospitals. From 
 these ambulances men of the Ninth Penns}'lvania Reserves from Pittsburg, who 
 had been wounded in the famous cornfield, from 
 their seats in the ambulances, recognized and 
 called the names of many of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Regiment as it was marching 
 to its position on the battlefield. In an ambu- 
 lance passing the Regiment, as it halted by the 
 roadside, was the dead body of Major-General 
 J. K. F. ^lansfield, a Union corps commander, 
 who had been mortally wounded on the previous 
 day. The Pittsburgers and Western Pennsylva- 
 nians also manifested inuch sorrow as the body 
 of Colonel James H. Childs, commanding the 
 Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry, who had been 
 killed in the cornfield the day previous, passed in 
 an ambulance. Colonel Childs, as a native Pitts- 
 burger, was known to most of the officers and 
 men of the C)ne Hundred and Fifty-fifth, and his 
 death caused a feeling of profound sorrow. In 
 the words of Colonel Allen. " \\'e could realize 
 what his death meant to those at home — a sorrow, 
 as we were to know, but one of many thousands, 
 because of the dead whose bodies as yet lay stark 
 upon the bloody field of Antietam." 
 
 COL. JAMES H. CHILDS. 
 
 Humphreys' Division Forms Reserve. 
 
 General McClellan, on General Humphreys' reporting that his Division had 
 accomplished the march and were ready for duty, ordered the General to relieve 
 
74 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 General Alorrell's Division of the Fifth Corps, which had been held in reserve, 
 and about eleven o'clock a. .m.. General Humphreys marched his command to 
 the position of reserve of the Army of the Potomac. The men loaded their 
 guns and formed in their first line of battle as the reserve of the army. After 
 some changes of position, the Regiinent with the Division encamped in line of 
 battle for the night — in military parlance. " sleeping on their arms "' for the first 
 time. 
 
 It was a marked compliniLMit to the One Hundred and P'ifty-fifth and to all 
 of Humphreys' Division composed entirely of new troops and officers, to be 
 selected by General AlcClellan for the responsible position of reserve for his 
 army at Antietam. Though inexperienced, undrilled, and undisciplined as they 
 were, yet the stamina and the courage they exhibited on the memorable forced 
 march indicated that the honor was not misplaced, and that had the enemy not 
 retreated during the night, Humphreys' Division was prepared for any emergency. 
 As developed, no better illustration of the rapid transfomiation of the American 
 youth from citizen to soldier could be displayed than was demonstrated in the 
 discharge of this first duty as it was fulfilled by Humphreys' Division within two 
 weeks from' the time they first donned a military uniform. It was. therefore, no 
 surprise that these self-same new troops, after a short two-months' drilling 
 under General Humphreys, Colonel Allabach, Colonel Allen and the other Regi- 
 mental and Company officers, should have become so reliable and excellent in 
 discipline and soldierly qualities as to be soon again honored by General Burn- 
 side, McClellan's successor in command of the Army of the Potomac. Hum- 
 phreys and his Division of Pennsylvania soldiers was assigned a most important 
 duty at Fredericksburg. When Couch's, Sumner's and Hancock's Divisions, of 
 the Second Corps of Sumner's Grand Division, the celebrated Irish Brigade, and 
 the United States Regulars were each in turn repulsed in their dreadful assaults 
 upon Marye's Heights, it was Humphreys' Division that Burnside held in reserve, 
 having selected it to lead the " forlorn hope " against the stonewall and fortifica- 
 tions of !Marye's Heights. How well they discharged their duty is shown in 
 the official reports of Generals Burnside, Hooker and Humphreys, who, in the 
 strongest language, singled out the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania 
 and its gallant commander, Colonel E. Jay Allen, and the One Hundred and 
 Twent}-third Pennsylvania, Reverend Colonel J. B. Clark, as entitled to special 
 mention for conspicuous gallantry in that famous charge, 
 
 Fi.AC OF Truce at Antietam. 
 
 General Lee's Confederate army, having been driven back through Sharps- 
 burg to the Potomac, left the battlefield in possession of the Union Army. The 
 Confederate dead and wounded, therefore, fell into the hands of the Union 
 forces. It is a conceded fact that the casualties at Antietam for a single day's 
 battle surpassed in numbers and severity than of any other single day's battle 
 on either side occurring during the war, and consequently attests the very severe 
 fighting and terrible carnage (in both sides. 
 
 The care of the Confederate wounded and prisoners, thus falling into 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 75 
 
 General McClellan's hands in such large numbers, togetlier witli the unusually 
 heavy losses sustained by his own army, imposed vipon him the duty of looking 
 after the wounded and sick of both armies. General Lee sent in a flag of truce 
 and asked leave to have his own Confederate surgeons remain on parole with 
 his wounded, to assist in caring for the same. This request was granted. Pre- 
 paratory to retreating. General Lee is reported as having called his ranking ofifi- 
 cers together, stating that as he expected ]\IcClellan to follow up the advantage 
 gained in the recent battle, he ordered the Confederate army to halt on the 
 south side of the }V:)tomac, there throw up works and to resist to the utmost the 
 advance of the L'nion army if it attempted to f(illow. 
 
 That General McClellan contemplated the immediate pursuit of the Con- 
 federates is indicated by the prompt advance of the whole army over the battle- 
 
 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH. SHARPSBURG. 
 
 field and through the town of Sharpsljurg. which the enemv had evacuated at 
 daylight on September 19th, a few hours previous. 
 
 Battlefield Sights. — S ii arpsburg. 
 
 Sharpsburg, as the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth marched through it to the 
 Potomac, bore many evidences of the fiery ordeal it had sustained during the 
 battle of the ITth. ]\Iany houses and several churches showed immense holes 
 and fissures resulting from being struck by shot and shell. The village grave- 
 yard did not escape, and many headstones were shattered by the projectiles which 
 lay around quite numerously. C)n porches and in back yards were to be seen 
 terrible effects of the battle, many dead bodies of Confederate soldiers, terribly 
 mangled, lying where the\' fell. These scenes being the first introduction that the 
 new troops had to real war made a deep impression upon all. 
 
76 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 The inhabitants of the town of Sharpsbnrg who, during the battle had taken 
 refuge in cellars or fled beyond the danger line, were beginning to reappear in 
 their deserted houses, some bringing their families with them. General AlcClellan 
 and his staff moved into the village about the same time the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth was passing through, and a large United States flag was soon stretched 
 across the main street. General ]\IcClellan, always very popular with the troops, 
 was greeted with the most enthusiastic and cordial cheering, which he most cour- 
 teously acknowledged. It was the first appearance of the Commander-in-Chief to 
 Humphreys' Division, and the reception so cordiall}- and spontaneously bestowed 
 upon General McClellan indicated that he enjoyed their love and esteem for the 
 great victory achieved at Antietam, 
 
 Rkcoxxoissaxce Across the Potom.-\c. 
 
 McClellan"s entire army moved toward the Potomac, imlicating an intention 
 at the time to cross the river and renew the battle with the Confederates on \'ir- 
 ginia soil, Humphreys' Division, after passing through the town of Sharpsburg 
 and a mile beyond, came to the banks of the Potomac, and at once a reconnoissance 
 was ordered by General Fitz John Porter, commanding the Corps, The One 
 Hundred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania Regiment, known as the Corn Exchange 
 Regiment of Philadelphia, was selected to make the reconnoissance, and crossed 
 the Potomac at Shepherdstown. For some unknown, mysterious, and inexplica- 
 ble reason, Com]iany G. of the One Hundred and Fiftv-fifth Regiment, recruited 
 in Clarion county, Pennsylvania, was also selected to cross the river at Shep- 
 herdstown, and to engage in what appeared to be either a supporting or an 
 independent reconnoissance. The cause for the expressions of surprise at the 
 remarkable ^election of Company G for this special service- is occasioned by the 
 fact that it^ officers were probably the most inexperienced, and least competent 
 at that time, of any in the Army of the Potomac, for so important a duty; al- 
 though the men of the company justly earned the reputation of being the equal 
 of any troops in the service for soldierly qualities. The reconnoissance ordered 
 by General Porter resulted most unfortunatel}- for the Corn Exchange Regiment, 
 as the enemy were behind works, and were prepared for and expected a much 
 larger demonstration from a pursuit across the Potomac by ^IcClellan's army. 
 The loss in thi^ repulse was unusually large, a great many of the wounded 
 and retreating men of the Corn E.xchange Regiment being drowned in the 
 river. Company li of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was more fortunate 
 in that res])ect. as it escaped from its reconnoissance without the loss of a 
 man and saved even their knapsacks, which Captain Klotz stayed back on the 
 north side to guard. The cannonading during the reconnoissance was interesting 
 but not dangerous, and towards evening the C)ne Hundred and Fifty-fifth was 
 withdrawn from the vicinity of the front and bivouaced for the night on the 
 banks of the canal running along the Potomac river, where Allabach's Brigade 
 was placed on picket duty. 
 
 This was new duty to the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, and most mysterious 
 orders and countermanding of orders and man-\- comical incidents occurred to alt 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 77 
 
 the novices mi picket duty. " All \va> i:|iiiet on the F'otoniac " during the Regi- 
 ment's first night on this duty, and when daylight appeared, the surpassing beauty 
 of the sttrrounding scenery filled all with admiration. 
 
 Picket duty along the Potomac became the lot of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, and of Humphreys" Division, for several weeks in succession. Camp 
 AIcAuley was the name given the bivouac occupied by the Regiment during 
 several weeks following. This camp was later the scene of much suftering and 
 misery because of the inadeciuate provision for the care of the sick and the in- 
 
 LINCOLN'S VISIT TO McCLELLAN AT ANTIETAM. 
 15. Hancock; 14, Griffin: 13, Svkes; 12. Hooker: 11, Morrell; 3, Webb: 2. McCIellan: 4. Meade: 16 Warren; 
 5, Custer; 6. Hunt; 7, Porter; 8, Locke; 9, Humphreys; 10. Burnside. 
 
 crease of the mortalit}' among the soldiers was very great. Although within 
 a comparatively short distance ("fifty or sixty miles) of Washington City, the 
 headquarters of army supplies, the reiiui-itions of Colonel .Allen for shelter tents, 
 necessary clothing, surgeon's supplies and medicines for his regiment, although 
 approved by General Humphreys and forwarded by General McCIellan to Wash- 
 ington with lu'gent appeals for relief, received no attention whatever from the 
 department at \\'ashington. No one seemed to be responsible for ignoring these 
 requisitions and demands, and consequently great dissatisfaction prevailed in the 
 .army. Recriminations, charges, and complaints were daily occurrences, and dis- 
 
:S UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 cipline was severely impaired through this cause. The hospitals were filled and 
 the mortality, as stated, became alarming. The Government at ^^'ashington 
 >eemed incapable of meeting or unwilling to meet the emergency. Private relief, 
 public spirited citizens, the Christian Commission and other charitable organiza- 
 tions were touched by this condition of affairs, and finally brought relief and con- 
 solation to the suffering soldiers in the camps about Antietam. 
 
 The visit of President Lincoln to General ^IcClellan at Antietam, making 
 his headcjuarters with General Fitz John Porter. Commanding Fifth Corps, also 
 brotight additional relief to the Army of the Potomac at this time. President 
 Lincoln, immediately after the great battle, wired the thanks of the Xation to 
 General McClellan and his gallant army for the victory at Antietam, and shortly 
 after paid them a visit. General ^NlcClellan. on this visit, arranged to have the 
 Army of the Potomac reviewed by the President. Lincoln's appearance on 
 horseback, with his singularl}- out-of-date silk hat and familiar but homely 
 features, attracted great attention, and elicited every mark nf love and esteem 
 as the head of the Xation and the soldiers' greatest friend. 
 
 Camp McAulev. — Flag Presextatiox to Regiment. 
 
 In this camp also the State of Pennsylvania fulfilled its duty of furnishing 
 State flags to the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and the other regiments of 
 Humphreys' Division. Governor Ctirtin had arranged to discharge in person the 
 duty of presenting" these colors to the variotis Penns}-lvania regiments, and was 
 expected to visit the camp of Humphreys' Division, composed exclusively of 
 Pennsylvania troops. However, he was prevented, and one of his staff, Colonel 
 ]. H. Puleston. who was temporarily detailed from the British War Office, in 
 London, to assist the \^'ar Department at ^^'ashing■ton and Governor Curtin 
 in organizing armies, discharged that duty in an eloquent address, to which 
 Colonel Allen responded in fitting and eloquent terms as follows : 
 
 Colonel; — In behalf of the One Hundred and F'ifty-tifth Pennsylvania \ ol- 
 unteers, I receive at your hands with pride and pleasure this glorious proof that 
 the old Commonwealth has not forgotten her sons who went forth from her 
 bosom to battle for the integrity of the Federal arch of which she is the key- 
 stone. While I am proud that Pennsylvania deems us worthy of so precious a 
 trust. I receive it with a saddened heart, for gazing tipon its starry folds I remem- 
 ber the tried and the true who have gone down to the silent dead in this struggle 
 for freedom again>t despotism, while the end for which they fought was 
 yet unaccomplished. Brave spirits! Gallant souls I INIay the memory of their 
 deeds nerve tis in our hour of battle that we may gamer the harvest of which 
 they planted the seed. Remembering the calm grandeur of these heroic dead, 
 it is not for us to make promises of our future, but we may say to you, the 
 honored representative of onr native State and home, that we feel the deep 
 responsibility resting tipon all Americans in this struggle, and hope that when 
 we go forth to the fray, we will merit the confidence of those who love us. and 
 some day may return toward home and deliver this banner once again to Penn- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 79 
 
 DR. J. A. E, REED, 
 Surgeon. 
 
 W. STOCKTON WILSON. 
 
 Assistant Surgeon. 
 
 ELLIS C. THORN, 
 Hospital Steward. 
 
so 
 
 UNDER TFIE ^lALTESE CROSS. 
 
 syh'ania. And grouped about it. may say with pride and with truth. " Tattered 
 though it be by the winds of heaven : soiled though it be by the dust of earth ; 
 stained by the blood of our comrades in the field, we give it again to thy trust, 
 O Pennsylvania, undimmed by shame, unstained by dishonor." 
 
 One of the great inconveniences suflrered by the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth from the time it left Pittsburg and on its march to Sharpsburg, was a lack 
 of surgeons and medicines. Doctor J. A. E. Reed, of Lancaster, Pa., and Doctor 
 W. S. Wilson, of Blairsville, Pa., received appointments as Assistant Surgeons 
 of the Regiment, and reported for duty in the bivouac at Camp JMcAuley near 
 Antietam. \^'ithout medical supplies, hospital tents, or accommodations of any 
 kind for the nursing and caring for the sick, these devoted officers were very 
 much handicapped professionally in administering to the relief of the sick. Nor 
 had the Regiment the " benefit of clergy " of any kind, as no chaplain was ap- 
 pointed until the SSth of December following, when the Reverend Joseph 
 Thomas, an esteemed Methodist minister of Pittsburg, was appointed Chaplain. 
 The only medical attention the Regiment had from Camp Howe to Antietam 
 was that received from Ellis C. Thorne, a private of Company F. who was later 
 promoted to Hospital Steward because of his having served as drug clerk in civil 
 life. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 81 
 
 Chapter IV. 
 
 SCENES AND EVENTS IN CAMP McAULEY. 
 
 Regiment Spends Month of October in Camp McAuley. — Many Changes 
 JN Regimental and Company Organizations Since Departure of Regiment 
 FROM Pittsburg. — Daily Drill, Discipline, Picket Duty, Inspections, Re- 
 views, Dress Parades, Fatigue Duty, Roll-calls and Reconnoissances. — 
 Religious Services in Various Companies. — Recreation and Sports in 
 Camp McAuley. — Company Cook System a Failure. — First Military 
 Funeral in Regiment. — Emancipation Proclamation Read to Regiment at 
 Dress Parade. — Orders Received to Pack Up and Break Camp. — Army of 
 Potomac in Motion. — Orders of General McClellan Forbidding Foraging. 
 — General A. E. Burnside Succeeds General McClellan in Command of 
 Army of Potomac. — -Grand Review of Army of Potomac. — Farewell Ad- 
 bress of General McClellan. — General Fitz John Porter Relieved of 
 
 Command of Fifth Corps. 
 
 JLL of the month of October, 1863, was spent b\' the Regiment at 
 Camp McAuley. in the suburbs of Sharpsburg, on the banks of the 
 Potomac, where the boys really first became acquainted with their 
 company otlicers. The Regimental organization, with the company 
 formations, had been subjected to many changes in the short time 
 •elapsing from the departure of the Regiment from Pittsburg. Major John H. 
 Cain was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel ; Captain A. L. Pearson was pro- 
 moted to Major ; Lieutenant Frank J. Burchard became Captain of Company A ; 
 Lieutenant E. A. Montooth became Adjutant; Frank Van Gorder, who had been 
 ■commissioned Captain of Company E, was appointed Quartermaster of the Regi- 
 ment, and in his place Lieutenant Joseph B. Sackett became Captain of Company 
 E ; Corporal WiUiam B. Glass, of Company F, was the first Commissary Sergeant 
 of the Regiment, and served as such during the entire term of service ; Sergeant 
 John H. Ralston, of Company F, was made Quartermaster Sergeant ; Hawdon 
 Marshall, Private in Company F in this camp, became Principal Musician, as the 
 important office of Drum Major was known on the muster rolls. Another officer 
 of very great importance to the Regiment, although not known at all on the army 
 pay-rolls, made his appearance in this camp and conducted a flourishing busi- 
 ness — that of Regimental sutler, a very necessary office, which was held by 
 Samuel Pollock, of Pittsburg, aided and abetted by William Robinson and Gil- 
 bert McMasters, and subsequently by Ed, F, Pearson. This sutler quartette 
 composed a jolly set, and besides their stores of eatables they contributed much 
 to the good humor and entertainment in the camp. 
 
83 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 FRANK VANGORDER. 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 JOHN RALSTON, 
 Quartermaster Sergeant. 
 
 Between the sickness caused by exposin'e ami scarcity of food and medi- 
 cines supplied by the Government in Camp AIcAuley. and the bill of fare con- 
 sisting of canned stuff and venerable eggs and sturdy pies supplied by the sutler, 
 it became a question which cause contributed most to the population of the 
 hospitals in the camps. The sutlers accommodated the soldiers with a line of 
 credit, taking as collateral security orders on the monthly pay-rolls from their 
 customers. During the six weeks' occupancy of this camp, which may be said 
 to be the formative period of the Regiment from the raw and fresh material 
 composing it to the development of the soldier by the daily drills, discipline, 
 picket duty, inspections, reviews, dress parades, fatigue duty, roll-calls, and re- 
 connoissances. Attention was also paid to having company cooks and frequent 
 policing of camp during this period. 
 
 Chaplaix Appointed. — Religious Services. 
 
 As has been said, the Regiment was entirely without a Chaplain or spiritual 
 guidance the first few months of its service, until the Reverend John M. Thomas 
 was appointed Chaplain, December 28, 1863. This, however, did not deprive 
 the Regiment from previously holding very frequent religious services in the 
 various companies. Companies K, from Armstrong, and H and G, from Clarion 
 coimty, it may be said, set the first example of prayer-meetings, and the singing 
 of religious hvmns each evening after drills, and especially on each Sunday. 
 The city companies, while possessed of many most exemplary Christian youths, 
 did not shine so conspicuously or seriously in devotional exercises as did their 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 83 
 
 rural companions. Reverend John B. Clark. D. D., of Allegheny, a minister of 
 the United Presbyterian Church and Colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 third Pennsylvania Volunteers, in the same camp and brigade of Humphreys' 
 Division, had an unusual number of young men, professed Christians, in his 
 Regiment. On Sundays many of the officers and soldiers of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth and neighboring regiments, attended his preaching, until the 
 Regiment succeeded in securing a regular Chaplain. Colonel Allen, in this camp, 
 issued an order that as many of the Regiment professed the Catholic faith, 
 they had his permission, and indeed his earnest recommendation, to attend divine 
 service each Sunday, in the adjoining camp of General Meagher's Irish P)rigade, 
 where chaplains of that faith held services. As a result, the Regiment might 
 be said to have fared verv well in the matter of relieious instruction. 
 
 ' On the other hand, recreations and sports were not overlooked whilst in 
 this camp. The violins and musical instruments, which had made Camp Howe 
 so full of pleasant memories, were often reproduced in this camp, and the strains 
 of music were frequently heard until late hours, or until what was called " tattoo " 
 sounded. Colonel Allen, Lieutenant-Colonel Cain, Major Pearson, Adjutant 
 Montooth, Sergeant Harry Campbell, Geo. P. Fulton, and many non-commis- 
 sioned officers were good singers, and at Regimental headquarters an impromptu 
 glee-club could nightly be heard at this camp on the banks of the Potomac. 
 
 One afternoon the entire Regiment, not on duty, and many of the officers, 
 adjourned to a grove to witness a " set-to " in a ring, arranged between two pri- 
 vates, who had a dispute, according to the Marquis-of-Oueensbury rules of the 
 London prize ring. A rope was arranged, and 
 ring formed, seconds chosen, and a referee se- 
 lected in approved form. Two boy gladiators 
 came into the arena, each frowning at the other, 
 threw off their blouses, rolled up their sleeves, 
 took hitches in their belts, and glared at each 
 other from their corners, as they took seats 
 
 WM. B. GLASS, 
 Commissary Sergeant. 
 
 E. A. MONTOOTH. 
 
 Adjutant. 
 
84 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 on camp-stools provided for the occa- 
 sion. In addition to " bottle-holders," a 
 large bucket of water and horse sponges 
 procured from a corral near by were 
 placed in position for use. When all was 
 ready, a commotion was heard in the 
 crowd, which was compelled to open 
 ranks a space back, whilst two other sol- 
 <liers carried on their shoulders a large 
 hickory pole which they deposited in the 
 center of the ring. Principal Musician 
 Mawdon Marshall was time-keeper for 
 this occasion and gave the signal for the 
 contest to open. The parties took their 
 positions and the combat was about to 
 begin, when it was discovered that the 
 figlit was to be across a pole, either end 
 of which was held by friends of the war- 
 riors, mutually chosen. One selected 
 Sergeant .McGimpsey and the other 
 Jimmy O'Xeil. " Time " being called, 
 the boy fighters proceeded in true prize- 
 ring style to spar for positions and to reach out and tap each other as if with 
 " knock-out " blows. Round after round, however, was thus fought amid cheers 
 by the assembled Regiment and visiting comrades at the elegant perfomiance of 
 the fighters. At the end of half an hour of acute pantomime work, it was discov- 
 ered that the holders of the pole, across which the war was being waged, had en- 
 tered into a conspiracy to use the pole to prevent either of the combatants from 
 landing a blow on his antagonist : wliereupon the referee, Sergeant William Shore, 
 of Company D, pronounced the battle a " draw," and all parties adjourned, more 
 or less displeased at the result. It was learned afterwards that the two boy 
 combatants were in dead earnest, and had challenged each other to fight. They 
 were consequently much mortified and chagrined at the outcome of the contest, 
 whilst all their companions really enjoyed the bloodless encounter. The estrange- 
 ment of the combatants was of short duration. They subsequently became fast 
 friends, and when one of them fell on '' Little Round Top." pierced by a rebel 
 bullet, he expired in the arms of his adversary in the mock fight in Camp McAuley. 
 
 JOHN M. THOMAS. 
 Chaplain. 
 
 In consequence of the harrowing and exaggerated tales of the sufferings of 
 the Regiment in this camp, sent home and published in the papers generally, the 
 express companies were kept busy sending boxes from the homes of the Ijoys, 
 containing delicacies and substantial food. Much sickness frequently followed 
 from indulgence in over-eating the contents of these boxes, as a result of the 
 sympathetic action of the friends at home. Before leaving this camp, the com- 
 pany-cook system introduced was found to be a total failure, principally because 
 of the selection for the trying position of the most uncouth and disqualified men 
 
UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 85 
 
 in the companies. .\s a result of dissatisfaction, ci_inipany cooks were discon- 
 tinued, and each mess of three or four comrades accepted the raw rations dis- 
 tributed to the companies and did their own cooking as messes. 
 
 While in this camp, in the late October weather, the Regiment had not yet 
 received its full supply of tents or blankets necessary to the health and comfort 
 of the boys. To supply this want, however, they had an abundance of cord- 
 wood and rails with which they kindled many camp-fires. To keep themselves 
 warm on the frosty evenings before retiring, the boys of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth would stand around the blazing logs and rails with their backs to the 
 fire, sometimes getting so close as to scorch first the bottom of the legs of their 
 trousers and gradually burning them still higher, until at the end of five or six 
 days the severe scorching aftected the entire back part of their unmentionables 
 and big holes were made in the garment. 
 
 At this period also requisitions for new supplies of clothing were very slow 
 in being filled and in consequence many of the boys, on account of the condi- 
 tion of their army trousers, were prevented from drilling and performing other 
 military duties. One day the camp of the Regiment was visited by Lieutenant 
 \V. J. Patterson and Sergeant Bernard Coll, of the Sixty-second Regiment Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers, then in an adjacent camp. Comrades Patterson and Coll 
 had just been exchanged as paroled prisoners. They had been wounded and 
 captured at the battle of Gaines' Mill, and after their exchange and return to 
 camp, they were anxious to see their Pittsburg friends in the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth. In conversation sometime after this visit to Camp McAuley, they 
 expressed surprise at the behaviour of so many of their friends in the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth in remaining squatted on the ground during their visit, 
 and their failure to arise and hospitably welcome them. Comrades Coll and Pat- 
 terson, after hearing of the condition of the boys' wardrobe, fully accepted the 
 explanation, and pardoned the apparent want of courtesy on understanding that 
 the state of the wardrobe of about one-half of the Regiment caused by their too 
 close proximity to the rail fires, left them no alternative than to remain seated 
 in the presence of visitors, and thus conceal the ravages made upon the seating 
 portion of their Government uniforms. 
 
 To show their appreciation of the uncomfortable condition of their friends. 
 Comrades Coll and Patterson formed a relief party, and gathered up a supply 
 of necessary clothing from the more fortunate members of the Sixty-second, from 
 which they helped out the scanty wardrobe of their friends, the new soldiers of 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. 
 
 October 1.5th was election day in camp, but there was very little excitement 
 or interest taken in the State election. . 
 
 Abram F. Overholt, private of Company E, a native of West Xewton, 
 aged nineteen, died in the hospital at this camp this day, and being the first death 
 in that Company, he was given a military funeral, ordered by Captain Sackett, in 
 command. The burial took place in the Lutheran Church graveyard in Sharps- 
 burg, around which a few weeks before the great battle of Antietam had raged. 
 His comrades, digging his grave and lowering him into his last resting place. 
 
86 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 fired a military salute over his grave and marched back to camp. His death was 
 due to typhoid fever, a disease to which a great many otiier soldiers in Humphreys' 
 Division had fallen victims. 
 
 It was in the latter days of September, whilst the Regiment was in Camp 
 McAuley, that the great Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President 
 Lincoln, and read to the various regiments in camp, at dress parade, bv orders of 
 General AlcClellan, Commander in Chief. It is now a matter of history that this 
 great war measure would have been proclaimed at an earlier date, but the disasters 
 of the Union army in the summer of 1862 caused its postponement until the 
 Union armies had won a victory. President Lincoln followed the proclamation, 
 returning the thanks of the Government and Nation to General McClellan and 
 his troops for the victory of Antietam, in repulsing the Confederate invaders and 
 driving them south of the Potomac. Officers and men of the Army of the Potomac 
 received with delight the tidings of this great war measure, as a most opportune 
 blow to the Confederate cause and its corner-stone — human slaverv. 
 
 Ar-mv IX Motion. 
 
 October 30, 186".', was memorable because of the orders received from General 
 McClellan to " pack up," break camp and resume the march and an active cam- 
 paign against the enemy. The large number of convalescent sick were placed in 
 ambulances and sent to Frederick, Md., and other points for further treatment. 
 Humphreys' Division marched through Sharpsburg, continuing on their way until 
 night. The next morning the march was resumed, and at noon the Division 
 reached Sandy Hook, the whole Army of the Potomac being in motion. The 
 Potomac river was crossed at Harper's Ferry on pontoons, the first the Regiment 
 had ever seen, presenting a sight most remarkable in its grandeur of scenery, as 
 well as a moving picture of the magnificent army of nearly one hundred thousand 
 men in motion, engaged in the opening demonstration of another campaign. The 
 army was in fine spirits, and had recovered from any demoralizing eflfects in- 
 volved in the disasters of the Peninsula and the defeats in the Second Battle of 
 Bull Run, and as General McClellan and staff rode by, the cheers that greeted 
 him were as cordial as ever. 
 
 Harper's Ferry, which the new troops saw for the first time, presented a 
 singular sight. The United States arsenal, which had been blown up and de- 
 stroyed a year before, was the most conspicuous object visible. Huge piles of 
 gun-barrels, bayonets, shells, etc., taken from the ruins, were piled up and stacked 
 in the arsenal grounds. 
 
 The historic Engine House at which John Brown and his party made the 
 famous stand at Harper's Ferry, and where Colonel R. E. Lee, U. S. A., suc- 
 ceeded in capturing Brown and his party but a few years before, also attracted 
 ver}' great attention from the L'nion troops, as they marched along, many sing- 
 ing " John Brown's body lies a mouldering in the grave, as we go marching 
 on," etc. 
 
 Passing through Harper's Ferry, which was thronged with soldiers, Mc- 
 Clellan's grand army crossed over the Shenandoah on pontoons, and the columns 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 87 
 
 ascended a series of hills for three or four miles, on the south side, where the 
 Division again encamped on the sacred soil of Old Virginia. On November 2d, 
 the army resumed its march, and continued all day, halting in the evening at 
 Snicker's Gap. 
 
 Foraging and Straggling. 
 
 The disposition displayed by the new troops of the army, on crossing into 
 the enemy's country again, was to forage and raid on the farm houses and stock 
 of the non-combatant inhabitants, thus inducing straggling and loitering on the 
 march. General McClellan, to stop this, issued an order on the first .day's 
 march, announcing that further straggling would be severely punished, and that 
 the business of the Union soldier was not to molest, but to protect the peaceful 
 non-combatant citizens, and that their duty called for suppressing the rebel- 
 lion and dealing with armed foes of the Union only, and closing by stating that 
 violation of these instructions, because being subversive of discipline, would be 
 severely punished, whether committed by officers or enlisted men. With the 
 heedlessness due to the youth and inexperience of the new troops composing 
 Humphreys' Division, it was found most difficult to restrain them from violation 
 of these orders, and as a consequence, but little attention was paid to the orders 
 of the Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 General Fitz John Porter, commanding the Corps, and General Humphreys, 
 commanding the Division, because of the wholesale violation of the general 
 order prohibiting straggling and foraging, announced in orders to their respective 
 subordinate officers, that they would be held responsible and liable to court- 
 martial, if they permitted or tolerated, or did not suppress straggling or foraging 
 by their men. As this order did not seem to affect the men, or threaten additional 
 punishment to them, although read to them on dress-parade on the second day's 
 march, it had little or no effect, and as a result, even more straggling and more 
 foraging on the part of the new troops took place, under the belief that they 
 had immunity from punishment. Chickens and fowls of all kinds, hogs, sheep, 
 bee-hives and other portable articles were coolly appropriated by the troops on 
 this day's march. Houses were invaded in search for apples and fruits and 
 vegetables, and many well-stuffed haversacks of the men indicated that their ap- 
 propriation of private property had been extensive.. Straggling, or dropping out 
 of ranks, to accomplish this result, of course, necessarily followed. The provost 
 guard of the Army of the Potomac was composed of United States Regulars, 
 veterans in the service, and it was said to be a most delightful duty to them, and 
 a work in which they reveled, to follow the new volunteer troops on the march 
 and to capture foragers and stragglers found with private goods on their per- 
 sons. As many as two hundred men of one regiment alone were thus arrested 
 on the march by the provost guard with the stolen property of non-combatants 
 in their possession, and they were accordingly, at the end of the day's march, 
 ■corraled as prisoners in what was called a " bull-pen," where they remained under 
 arrest imtil morning, when they were discharged. Strange to say, no part of 
 their captured goods was confiscated by the provost guard, or other officers, thus 
 practically putting a premium on straggling and foraging. 
 
88 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Several colonels of regiments, for failure to enforce necessary discipline on 
 the day's march and to prevent straggling and foraging, were, as the general 
 orders had announced would be done, placed under arrest, on charges preferred! 
 of disobedience of orders. It was a drastic remedy thus invoked, because of the 
 irrepressible desire of the soldiers and their belief that it was their bounden duty 
 to forage upon all inhabitants of the enemy's country, making no inquiries or 
 distinction as to the loyalty or disloyalty of the population. The officers thus 
 arrested were really not to be blamed, and should not have been censured, as, 
 despite all their efforts, their men circumvented them, and disobeyed orders from 
 headquarters which the thoughtless youths scarcely comprehended. 
 
 The Regiment was placed on picket duty at Snicker's Gap. and served there 
 until the next day, when the army of McCIellan again marched, and reached 
 White Plains, where a number more of stragglers and foragers were arrested 
 by the provost guards, composed of Regulars, and with their captured provisions- 
 were detained over night, and returned to their regiments in the morning. At 
 this place, November 7th, the first snow of the season fell, giving the camp a 
 wintry appearance. 
 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, on this day's march, had its first ex- 
 perience as rear guard to the Fifth Corps. The wagon-train which was a very 
 long one. being composed of many ammunition wagons, quartermaster wagons, 
 headquarters' wagons, commissary wagons and artillery trains, several miles in 
 length, occupied nearly the entire day in passing; so that it was nearly night 
 when in their capacity of wagon-train guards the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 followed it, and marched all night over muddy, bad roads, about as intolerable as- 
 was ever afterwards experienced in Virginia's muddy roads in bad weather. 
 The Regiment passed through New Baltimore and Georgetown and on nearly 
 to Thoroughfare Gap. 
 
 General McClellan Relien'ed from Command. 
 
 General McClellan was relieved from command of the army at White 
 Plains, on November 7, 1862, at midnight, by special messenger from the Adju- 
 tant-General's office in the War Department at Washington. General McClellan, 
 commander of the army, was served with an order relieving him from com- 
 mand, and substituting in his place General A. E. Burnside, then serving in 
 command of a corps under McClellan. Had this order of removal been made 
 some weeks earlier, while General McClellan was tarrying in camp at Sharps- 
 burg and quarreling with the Government for its want of co-operation, it could 
 be well understood, as the Government was itiipatient that the army should move 
 before winter set in ; but deferring the removal until the army was recruited 
 and in magnificent condition to strike a blow, and was well on the march, with 
 plans of campaign formed and renewed confidence in its commander, it came as 
 a surprise to the men under his command, who still worshipped McClellan and 
 appreciated his patriotism and generalship. The Army of the Potomac, how- 
 ever, its leaders and men, were in the campaign for the country and the Union,. 
 and it mattered little to them as patriots what Generals led them, if they were 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 89 
 
 only loyal and capable. That this was General McClellan's own view was clearly 
 ■exhibited by his patriotic deportment on this, to him, trying occasion. General 
 Burnside shared in the popular love and admiration of McClellan, and when thus 
 tendered the appointment as his successor, hesitated to accept it, and declared 
 to McClellan his want of confidence in his own capacity to succeed him, and 
 sought the former's advice as a special friend as to accepting the responsible po- 
 sition. General McClellan promptly assured General Burnside that it was his 
 ■duty to accept ; that it was the demand of the country, and that he should obey ; 
 and that he, General McClellan, would stay with him, explain his plans, introduce 
 liim to all his officers, have a public review of the army in his honor, and in his 
 farewell address to the army would commend him as his successor. All of which 
 General McClellan did, much to the advantage and prestige of General Burnside. 
 A review of the army was at once arranged, and it was a most remarkable fare- 
 well demonstration. The cheers and applause that greeted " Little Mac," as he 
 was affectionately called, as he returned most gracefully the salutes and greetings 
 ■of his men, will ever be remembered. 
 
 In this review of the army. General McClellan was accompanied by the 
 •Generals commanding the corps, and General Porter, being always a favorite of 
 the Fifth Army Corps, accompanied General McClellan, the farewell review being 
 intended for both. General McClellan issued the following farewell address : 
 
 " Headquarters of The Army of the Potomac. 
 
 " Camp Near Rectortown. Va., Nov. 7, 1862. 
 "' Officers and Soldiers of The Army of the Potomac: 
 
 " An order of the President devolves upon Major-General Burnside the 
 ■command of this army. In parting from you, I cannot express the love and 
 gratitude I bear to you. As an army you have grown up in my care. In you 
 I have never found doubt or coldness. The battles you have fought under my 
 ■command will probably live in our Nation's history. The glory you have achieved 
 over mutual perils and fatigues : the graves of our comrades fallen in battle and 
 by disease, the broken forms of those whom wounds and sickness have disabled — • 
 the strongest associations which can exist among men unite us by an indissoluble 
 tie. We shall ever be comrades in supporting the Constitution of our country 
 and the nationality of its people. 
 
 " Geo. B. McClellan, 
 " Major-General U. S. A." 
 
 Major-General Porter issued a farewell address to the Fifth Army Corps, 
 replete with patriotic sentiments, on being relieved of its command, and com- 
 mended the qualities of the distinguished soldier appointed to succeed him, 
 Major-General Joseph Hooker. This farewell address was read at the Regi- 
 mental dress-parades. 
 
 An apparently belated order was also read about this time by Adjutant 
 Montooth, purporting to be a letter from Major-General Franz Sigel, in relation 
 
90 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 to having the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Vohmteers 
 transferred to his corps ; as in the recruiting da}> in Pittsburg, many ofificers in- 
 voked the name of General Sigel as a popular hero of the hour to aid in re- 
 cruiting. This letter was an explanation indicating to those who wanted " to 
 fight mit Sigel " that it was through no fault of General Sigel that their wishes 
 had not been realized. 
 
 
UNDER THE AJALTESE CROSS. 91 
 
 Chapter V. 
 
 FREDERICKSBURG CAMPAIGN. 
 
 First Official Act of General Burnside to Order Reviews by Various 
 Corps Commanders. — Rumor of Coming Battle at Fredericksburg. — Gen- 
 eral Burnside's Headquarters. — Enemy Strengthens Fortifications on 
 Hills of Fredericksburg. — Balloon Service of Army of Potomac. — Burn- 
 side Reorganizes Army of Potomac into Three Grand Divisions. — General 
 Hooker Promoted to Command Grand Center Division. — General Daniel 
 Butterfield Succeeds to Command of Fifth Corps. — Failure of Pontoons 
 to Arrive from Washington, D. C. — Confederates Strengthen Fortifica- 
 tions Daily. — Heavy Cannonading by Both Armies. — Laying of Pontoon 
 Bridges. — Humphreys' Division in Reserve as " Forlorn Hope." — Incident 
 OF Uncle John Mackin. — Humphreys" Division on Pontoons Bombarded by 
 Enemy. — Position of Regiment Opposite Marye's Heights. — Humphreys' 
 Division, .\s " Forlorn Hope," Prepares to Assault. — Colonel Allen Com- 
 mands Regiment in the Charge. — Humphreys' Division Charges on Con- 
 federate Position Protected by Stonewall .\t Foot of Heights. — Charge 
 Made with Bayonets Only. — Humphreys' Division Repulsed with Loss of 
 1,700 Men. — Courage of Colonel Allen, Commanding One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth. — Regiment Remains on Battlefield Nearly All Night. — 
 Army Cross Rappahannock to Old Camps. — Captain Anshutz, Company 
 C, and Color-Sergeant Thomas E. Wiseman Killed. — Staff of Regimental 
 Colors Cut by Canister Shot. — Color-Corpokal Thomas C. Lawson Rescues 
 AND Carries Flag S.^fely Off the Field. — Longstreet's Description of 
 Charge of FIumphreys' Division. — Vandalism Committed by Non-com- 
 batants and Camp Followers. — Sorrowful and Distressing Scenes in 
 Hospitals in Town of Fredericksburg. — Retreat of Burnside's Army. — 
 Burnside's " Mud March." — Casualties. 
 
 JHE hrst official act of General Burnside, on his advent to power, was 
 to order reviews of his command liy the various corps commanders. 
 C)n Sunday, November li5th. General Hooker, the new commander 
 of the Fifth Corps, conducted a grand review of the three divisions 
 composing the Fifth Army Corps. The next day the army broke 
 camp near Warrenton, passing through the town, which seemed deserted by all 
 the inhabitants except one or two indignant females well up in years, who scolded 
 and denounced the " Yankee troops " generally as they passed by. By slow and 
 easv marches the next two days the different corps reached positions. No con- 
 certed plan of action on these movements could be recognized, unless it was that 
 
92 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 the movements were intended to conceal from the enemy the real object of 
 Burnside. 
 
 On the 23d of November. Humphreys' Division was in camp six miles from 
 Fredericksburg, on the north side of the Rappahannock, where rumors were first 
 circulated that a battle would soon take place and an attempt be made to drive 
 the enemy, then occupying Fredericksburg and its adjacent heights, from that 
 locality. To many of the troops in the ranks what importance or significance, 
 strategetically or otherwise, there would be in the capture of Fredericksburg, 
 could not be understood any more than was General Halleck's strateg}- in persist- 
 ing upon the retention of Harper's Ferry as important in the Antietam campaign. 
 This thought was especially impressed upon the men of the Pennsylvania Re- 
 serves and other regiments of McDowell's Corps, which had, the previous spring, 
 occupied quiet and peaceful possession of Fredericksburg. They had for several 
 weeks held the town and the natural fortifications surrounding it. and without 
 
 being compelled to do so, had quietly 
 evacuated the position ; and it was now 
 proposed to give the enemy battle to re- 
 iiccupv the position. Finally Humphreys' 
 Division marched to the village of Fal- 
 mouth, a point on the hills bordering the 
 Rappahannock, immediately opposite the 
 town of Fredericksburg. There General 
 liurnside at once opened up the head- 
 quarters of the army, and settled down 
 for some weeks to a period of inaction ; 
 although the enemy, divining his plans, 
 had commenced to work on breastworks 
 night and day, with details of contraband 
 labor, in plain view of Burnside's head- 
 i|uarters. strengthening the terraced hills 
 and strong natural defensive positions 
 surrounding the town of Fredericksburg 
 and making the same practically impregnable. 
 
 The balloon service of the Army of the Potomac here, being a corps organ- 
 ized by General Fitz John Porter in the Peninsula campaign, attracted great at- 
 tention. The balloon made daily captive ascensions to discover the movements, 
 the works, and the positiijns of the enemy. 
 
 MAJ.-GEN. A. E. BURNSIDE. 
 
 Prep.xrixg for the B.mtle. 
 
 General Burnside took this occasion of militarv- inaction to reorganize the 
 Army of the Potomac into three grand divisions. General Hooker was pro- 
 moted to the command of the Center Grand Division, which led to the assign- 
 ment of General Daniel Butterfield. a very popular officer, to the command of 
 the Fifth Corps. Whilst it was generally known that the objective point of the 
 movements of the Armv of the Potomac was Fredericksburg, it had also been 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 93 
 
 known for a long time previous that the delay of the army in crossing to storm 
 the heights, was the non-arrival of the necessary pontoon trains from Washington 
 City. General Burnside had sent written orders making requisition for pontoons, 
 which went through the regular departments with as little celerity as in " piping 
 times of peace," and week after week passed, however, and the pontoons from 
 Washington, but sixty miles distant, failed to arrive. The red tape of the de- 
 partment at Washington was indifferent to the fact that the Confederates were 
 strengthening their fortifications daily and bringing i:p reinforcements; and 
 General Burnside. with an abundant stafif and aids, preferred waiting on the cir- 
 cumlocution office in Washington, to detailing an officer of his staff and sending 
 him to the engineer corps in Washington, or to the War Department itself, to 
 take the pontoon trains which were stored in the ^^'ar Department buildings in 
 Washington, to the Army of the Potomac. At last, when the enemy seemed to 
 have strengthened his last weak point, and to be at the very maximum of his 
 strength, the long-delayed pontoons arrived. The Commander-in-Chief, General 
 Burnside, unmindful of the greatly strengthened position of the enemy so ma- 
 terially added to during the long delay in the arrival of pontoons, determined to 
 accommodate the willing enemy by making direct attacks upon his strongest 
 positions, and so the battle of Fredericksburg w'as inaugurated. 
 
 It is not within the scope of a regimental history to describe more than what 
 fell under the observation of the members of the regiment : or at most, the 
 division, and hence the orders and strategy and movements relating to other 
 corps or divisions in that disastrous and ill-fated battle, will not receive mention. 
 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment remained in camp near Fal- 
 mouth from November 23d to December 11th, except three days in which the 
 Regiment was on picket. On Thanksgiving day a sermon was delivered by 
 Colonel John B. Clark, of the One Hundred and Twenty-third Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, which, it is needless to say, was an eloquent discourse, coming from 
 such a source. 
 
 While encamped here a new base of supplies was formed at Acquia Creek 
 for the Army of the Potomac, and a military railroad thirteen miles in length 
 conveyed supplies to the army in this position. 
 
 On Thursday, December 10th, Humphreys' Division received marching 
 orders and the Regiment was aroused before daylight by the sound of heavy 
 cannonading from Stafford Heights, where over one hundred pieces of Federal 
 artillery, under General Hunt, were posted. It was soon answered from the 
 enemy's works back of Fredericksburg. The duel between the contending forces 
 lasted for several hours during the day. The various columns of troops marched 
 closer to the army headquarters of General Burnside. so as to be ready to de- 
 scend from the heights of Staft'ord to the banks of the Rappahannock, thence 
 to cross the pontoons to Fredericksburg, which was still in the possession of the 
 enemy, and the south banks of the Rappahannock being lined with Confederate 
 sharpshooters. 
 
 Friday, December 12th, Humphreys' Division was moved a short distance 
 closer to the sound of the firing, which was kept up all day. Professor Lowe's 
 balloon, already mentioned as accompanying the army, was kept busy making 
 
94 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 ascensions and reporting to Burnside. This really seemed unnecessary, because 
 of the fact that Stafford Heights, occupied by the Federal artillery, aft'orded a 
 magnificent view of the valley beneath on the opposite side of the Rappahannock, 
 on the plateau of which the town of Fredericksburg is located. The positions of 
 the artillery and the infantry of the enemy occupying the works could be plainly 
 seen with the aid of military glasses. 
 
 Crossing Poxtoons Under Fire. 
 
 The laying of the pontoon boats opposite Fredericksburg, on which Hum- 
 phreys' Division and other troops were to cross directly opposite the town, was 
 a most difficult and hazardous undertaking, by reason of the Confederate sharp- 
 
 FREDERICKSBURG, 1862. 
 
 shooters and the regular troops lining the banks of the river and resisting every 
 attempt to float the pontoons into shape for tying and bridging purposes. The 
 fire of the enemy was so concentrated at first that the Union engineer corps in 
 charge of the work were driven from their positions b\' the enemy, and for a 
 "time it looked as if the laying of the pontoons at the point in question would 
 have to be abandoned. The engineer corps, however, was re-enforced by com- 
 panies of volunteer infantry soldiers, who jumped into boats and were rowed 
 across by oarsmen while they fired in squads and got accurate range on the 
 sharpshooters and troops of the enemy occupying the Fredericksburg bank of 
 the river. These boats thus laden with soldiers and sharpshooters in large luim- 
 bers, soon crossed, and on landing, drove the enemy, not only from the banks 
 and hiding- places, but also up through the streets of Fredericksburg, which the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 95 
 
 eneni}- made no further serious attempt to hold. Under the protection, therefore, 
 of the Union troops who had thus landed and occupied in force the banks of 
 the river and the town of Fredericksburg, two bridges of pontoons were quickly 
 laid across the Rappahannock to a street located about the center of the town. 
 No further resistance from the city or the shore being offered, the Union columns, 
 corps after corps of Hooker's Grand Division, occupied the greater part of the 
 ■day in crossing, with the large supply and ammunition trains. The enemy, from 
 the works back of Fredericksburg, sought to repulse the crossing on the pontoons 
 by severely shelling the location occupied by the bridges, but their range being 
 far from perfect, but few of the shells from the heavy cannonading struck either 
 the bridges or the soldiers occupying them. Humphreys' Division, it was de- 
 termined by General Burnside, should participate in the direct charges he had 
 ordered against Marye's Heights, and should be the last command to make 
 the assault in case the others should be repulsed. This was because the Division 
 was composed of fresh troops, and this was its first battle ; also because of 
 General Burnside's great confidence in Humphreys, its dashing General. The 
 officers and men of this Division alike — this being their baptism of fire — could 
 be said, for this battle at least, " to be eager for the fray." In fact, it can be 
 truly doubted whether they were ever again as " eager for the fray " as they 
 were upon this occasion. To hear the cannons roar nearly all day, to know of 
 the repeated charges, and repulses of Federal troops under Couch and Sumner 
 and Hancock and Griffin and Sykes and Meagher, and to know that Humphreys' 
 Division was reserved to be the last to make the attack, and in fact, to be the 
 " forlorn hope," as was communicated in a vigorous address delivered to the 
 command I)y General Humphreys, made it indeed a very trying occasion, and a 
 test of the soldierly qualities of the command. But, undismayed and undaunted, 
 the men touched elbows, and determined to do their dutv. 
 
 Inxident Before the B.xttle. 
 
 \Miilst awaiting the final order to cross the pontoon, an incident occurred 
 regarding a well-known I'ittsburger and his son, a soldier in the Regiment, which 
 deserves mention. Uncle John Mackin was the esteemed citizen referred to. 
 He had succeeded, through Colonel Thomas A. Scott, Assistant Secretary of 
 War, in securing a pass to visit his son. Corporal John Mackin, serving as color 
 guard in the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment. During this visit, on the 
 eve of battle, Colonel Allen, Regimental commander, provided him with quar- 
 ters and rations from his own mess. As the battle was imminent. Uncle Mackin's 
 war spirit rose to the occasion, and he demanded of Colonel Allen a gun and 
 permission to accompany the Regiment in the " forlorn hope " assigned it on 
 the occasion. The sight of rough-box coffins piled up by the hundred at the 
 freight station adjacent to Burnside's headquarters, being intended for the 
 soldiers killed in the coming battle, had no disheartening effect upon citizen 
 Mackin's intentions. He was not permitted, however, to accompany his son 
 across the pontoon bridge to Fredericksburg, the most that could be conceded 
 him was to allow him to remain on the north-side bridge approach, where an 
 
96 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 occasional shell from the enemy's bombardment was lighting. There he re- 
 ceived a farewell kiss and embrace from his beloved son, who left the marching 
 ranks for that purpose, as the Regiment was rapidly marching to cross the 
 Rappahannock to engage in the battle of Fredericksburg. 
 
 The artillery and musketry fire of the morning, as stated, could be seen 
 but dimly by the waiting troops of Humphreys' Division by reason of the smoke 
 and fog, but later in the afternoon, when the Division was ordered to descend 
 the ravine from Stafford Heights and cross the pontoons, the fog had disap- 
 peared, and the smoke did not obstruct the view. The enemy's artillery, how- 
 ever, which earlier in the day had very poor range, seemed to take advantage 
 of the disappearance of the fog at this hour, and as the Division was getting 
 into line and marching down the hillside to the pontoon approaches, the shells 
 had better range, and occasionally struck and killed and wounded men, and also 
 struck the caissons and batteries crossing on the other pontoon bridge, which was 
 also within the range of the enemy's artillery. In crossing the pontoons, the 
 troops experienced a singular sensation. The fact that one's chances of being 
 either killed on the bridge or drowned if wounded and knocked off the pontoons 
 into the stream, was far from consoling. Officers and men, however, recognized 
 the dilemma and hurried across, not a halt occurring during the passage of the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment. Once on the banks and in the town 
 of Fredericksburg, the Union troops were comparatively safe from the range 
 of the enemy's fire, the Confederates manifesting no disposition at the time to 
 shell or destroy the city, which they could easily have done. 
 
 General Humphreys Leads " Forlorn Hope." 
 
 With great celerity General Humphreys conducted the advance of the 
 Division through the streets of Fredericksburg, and up to the position opposite 
 Marye's Heights, where the great fighting of the fore part of the day had taken 
 place. Couch's Division, composed of the flower of the Army of the Potomac, 
 veterans under Hancock, had already been repulsed in the charges against the 
 stonewall at Marye's Heights; General Thomas Francis Meagher's celebrated 
 Irish Brigade, the " forlorn hope " on many previous campaigns, had also been 
 repulsed with heavy losses, after making gallant assaults. It was in the lull 
 following these repulses, that Humphreys' Division arrived on the scene. It is 
 said that General Hooker, commander of the Grand Division, observing the ter- 
 rible repulses and slaughter, as he termed it, of the gallant commands in at- 
 tempting to assault Marye's Heights, before giving the final order for Hum- 
 phreys' Division to make the final attack as a " forlorn hope " of the Army of the 
 Potomac, rode back to General Burnside, and invited his confirmation of the 
 existing order for General Humphreys to attack the position with the bayonet. 
 Burnside is said to have replied with great determination, " Yes ; those heights 
 must be taken, and why should General Hooker ask such a question at this 
 time?" "Because," replied General Hooker, "I thought that, in view of the 
 terrible losses of Couch's Division, Hancock's, Meagher's and the other brave 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 97 
 
 commands in assaulting the position, that the loss you had started out to accom- 
 plish, had been attained, and that, therefore, the renewal of assaults by the 
 magnificent Division of General Humphreys would be unnecessary." Burnside 
 then repeated the order, and Hooker rode away, and most reluctantly repeated 
 it to the Corps Commander, General Butterfield, who in turn delivered the 
 order to General Humphreys. 
 
 Colonel Allen, with that solicitude for his men which marked his whole 
 service, made a detail of the very youngest and least sturdy looking boys of 
 the Regiment to guard the knapsacks, which had been unslung and piled up just 
 
 COL. PETER H. ALLABACH, 
 Brigade Commander. 
 
 preparatory to the advance and charge un Alayre's Heights. General Humphreys, 
 who seemed ubiquitous, in making his final preparations for the " forlorn hope," 
 soon after discovered half a dozen lioys hanging round the piled-up knap- 
 sacks, a short distance from the troops, and in his excitement, ignorant that the 
 boys had been detailed there by Colonel Allen, indignantly and profanely ordered 
 the knapsack guards to report at once to their companies, insinuating most un- 
 justly that they were a lot of skulkers. Two of the boys thus ordered to their 
 companies in less than half an hour later were killed in the charge ordered. The 
 knapsacks were never recovered, and it was just as well that General Humphreys 
 
■98 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 dispersed the guards to their companies, for had they remained, they would un- 
 doubtedly have been captured by the enemy. 
 
 At this date probabl}- the most accurate description of the participation of 
 the Regiment in the battle up to which the reader has been led, is contained in the 
 official report of General A. A. Humphreys, the Division commander, and that 
 of acting Brigadier-General Colonel P. H. Allabach, and also the report of 
 Colonel E. J. Allen, connnanding the Regiment, which, being ofScial and on the 
 archives of the Government at Washington, may be relied upon as accurate and 
 complete for the purpose of this history. The same is, therefore, appended as 
 being well worthy of perusal. The preparations for the " forlorn hope " and 
 the assault by Humphreys' Division, described in extracts of the official reports, 
 it may be further stated, were extensive and thorough. 
 
 Report of Brigadier-General Andrew A. Humphreys, U. S. Army, Com- 
 manding Third Division, Fifth Army Corps, at Battle of Fred- 
 ericksburg, December 13th, 1862. 
 " Headquarters Third Division, 
 " Camp near Fredericksburg, 
 
 " December 16th, 1863. 
 " General : 
 
 " I beg leave to submit the following brief report of the part taken in the 
 action of the 13th inst. at Fredericksburg, by the Division under my command. 
 " My Division, about four thousand five hundred strong, being massed 
 about the Phillip's house received orders at 3:30 p. m. to cross the river and 
 enter Fredericksburg, which being done, it occupied, by your order, in quick 
 succession three different positions." 
 
 " One hundred and fifty yards in advance of the position my command 
 was ordered to occupy was a heavy stonewall, a mile in length, which was 
 strengthened by a trench. This stonewall was at the foot of the heights in 
 rear of Fredericksburg, the crest of which running four hundred yards distant 
 from the wall was crowned with the enemy's batteries. The stonewall was 
 heavily lined with the enemy's infantr\-. The Second Brigade, led by Colonel 
 Allabach and myself, moved rapidly and gallantly up to General Couch's troops 
 under the artillery and musketry fire of the enemy. 
 
 " As soon as I ascertained the nature of the enemy's position I was satisfied 
 that our fire could have but little eft'ect upon him, and that the only mode of 
 attacking him successfully was with the bayonet." 
 
 " The charge was then made, but the deadly fire of musketry and artillery 
 hroke it after an advance of fifty yards. 
 
 " Our loss in both brigades was heavy, exceeding one thousand, including a 
 number of officers of high rank. The greater part of the loss occurred during 
 the brief time they were charging and retiring." 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. ' 99 
 
 " The cool courage of Colonel E. Jay Allen. One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 Regiment Pennsylvania \'olunteers. in bringing up his command to the charge 
 and in conducting them from the field fell particularly under my own observa- 
 tion, and I desire to bring his conduct to your notice." 
 
 Report of Colonel Peter H. All.abach, Commanding Second Brig.ade, Third 
 Division, at Battle of Fredericksburg. December 13, 1862. 
 
 " Headquarters Second Brigade, 
 " Near Potomac Creek. Va. 
 
 " December 19, 1862. 
 " General : 
 
 •-^ ^ ^.- 'A- A= ^- ^ ^ '-'.^ ^ t- 
 
 " The charge was made and the line pressed forward to within twelve paces 
 of the stonewall under a galling fire of musketry and of grape and canister from 
 a battery on the right. 
 
 " Too much praise cannot be given to Colonel E. Jay Allen, of One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers for the fine style in which he con- 
 ducted himself and maneuvered his regiment." ^ 
 
 Report of Colonel Edward Jay Allen, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 
 " December 13, 1862. Marched across pontoon bridges, crossing the Rap- 
 pahannock about 2 : 30 p. m. Marched through the city, crossed a canal and filed 
 to the left, the brigade marching left in front. The One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment was in advance on the left. All the command marched over 
 a plateau some four hundred yards towards the enemy's rifle pits and batteries. 
 Halted within fifty yards of their first line, where they were covered by a stone- 
 wall, and for about an hour and a half replied to the fire of the enemy. Twice 
 the Regiment attempted to charge their lines and to carry them by the bayonet, 
 but owing to the heavy fire in front and an excess of enthusiasm in the rear 
 were compelled to fall back to their position. The Regiment, by command of 
 Brigadier-General Humphreys, commanding Division, was withdrawn with the 
 entire brigade about dark and formed again on their first line under the slope. 
 
 "The Regiment receiving no orders to fall back into the city, remained 
 until nearly daylight, when by order of Colonel Allabach, commanding Brigade, 
 it marched down into the city to renew their ammunition, and receiving enough 
 to make up quota of sixty rounds, marched back again to the cover of the slope 
 and remained there until Sunday evening, the l-lth, when they marched into the 
 city, bivouaced in the streets that night and next day, and about an hour from 
 daybreak on the morning of the 16th recrossed the Rappahannock, taking posi- 
 tion in our old camp. Loss, nine killed, fifty-eight wounded. Captain Anshutz, 
 Company C, and Color- Sergeant Thos. Wiseman killed, and entire Color Guard, 
 
100 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 CAPT. LEE ANSHUT2. 
 
 except Color-Corporal Thos. C. Lawson, were killed. Lieutenant E. E. Clapp, 
 Company F, wounded and included in above aggregate. 
 
 " Respectfully submitted, 
 
 " Edward Jay Allen, 
 " Colonel One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment 
 
 " Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 " Colonel P. H. Allabach. 
 
 " Commanding Second Brigade." 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 101 
 
 Color Sergeant and Color Guards Killed. 
 
 Amid the malignant, deadly storm of leaden hail that penetrated the flesh 
 and splintered the bones of the men of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, the 
 flag was borne aloft by Color-Sergeant Thomas Wiseman till a mortal wotmd 
 caused it to fall from his nerveless grasp. As the brave Color-Sergeant reeled 
 backward, Color-Corporal Charles Bardeen seized the colors and carried them 
 forward, when he, too, received a death wound. The staff of the colors was 
 cut in twain by a canister shot, but the silken folds of the flag, with fourteen 
 perforations by minie balls, had not yet touched the ground, when Color-Corporal 
 George W. Bratten raised them again. He, too, was laid low, and Color-Corporal 
 Thomas C. Lawson grasped the splintered staff, and, keeping the flag unfurled, 
 bore it through the bloody conflict and carried it safely off the field. Color- 
 Corporals Frank Thompson and John Rankin, Jr., both of Company I, also fell 
 mortally wounded. 
 
 Hunter, of Company C, while serving as a personal and 
 General A. A. Humphreys, and delivering orders in this 
 
 great charge, was badly wounded, 
 having his horse shot under him 
 and beings,-! sufferer confined to 
 the hospital from his wounds for 
 several years after his discharge 
 from the service. 
 
 Private John F 
 mounted orderh- to 
 
 THOMAS E. WISEMAN, 
 Color Sergeant. 
 
 JOHN F. HUNTER, 
 Mounted Orderly. 
 
103 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 There had been four files of Confederates beyond that parapet and the 
 stonewall on Marye's Heights, which Humphreys was expected to carry. Al- 
 though all previous assaults by the flower of the troops under the bravest com- 
 manders, had been repulsed, to quote from a Confederate authority, " The last 
 assault (Humphreys) seemed to promise so nuich determination that an addi- 
 tional file of men was sent into the Confederate works. These extra men were 
 loading muskets for the ones in front, and this made a continuous fire. The 
 sharpshooters on the slope and in the trees, under all kinds of cover, had their 
 own way, subject to no return fire." The charge of Humphreys' Division was 
 one of the grandest events of the war. It was nearly dusk when the Regiment 
 received orders to fall back. Colonel Allen, being junior of the brigade, was 
 complimented by General Humphreys, by assigning him to the command of the 
 remainder of the brigade on the battlefield, and under his command the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth and the One Hundred and Twenty-third, Colonel Clark, 
 commander, withdrew from the field. 
 
 It is quite certain that very few Confederates were killed in this last assault. 
 Their fire was incessant, and the sharpshooters supported the battle-line by shoot- 
 ing at their leisure. The bullets from Humphreys' columns could be heard dis- 
 tinctly spattering against the stonewall. The loss in Humphreys' Division 
 reached one thousand seven hundred men killed and wounded, in a charge oc- 
 cupying less than ten minutes in execution. General Longstreet, in his pub- 
 lished volume on the war, speaking of the assault of Humphreys' Division, says : 
 " No troops could have displayed greater courage and resolution than was shown 
 by those brought against ■Marye's Heights, but they miscalculated the wonderful 
 strength of the line beyond the stonewall. The position held by Cobb surpassed 
 strength and resolution." 
 
 A writer in the " Confederate Veteran," a historical magazine, for many 
 years published at Nashville, Tenn., states that in a communication from a 
 courier who, during the battle, carried a message from General Lee to General 
 Kershaw, commanding the defenses at the stonewall, occurs this passage : " When 
 we left the wall the gallant Federals in five lines of battle were on the charge. 
 I have since learned this was Humphreys' Division of Hooker's Reserves. They 
 were allowed to come within fifty yards of our line. Then our quintuple line 
 rose up from behind the stonewall and delivered their withering fire, and the 
 batteries on the hill vomited double charges of canister. The first line melted, 
 but the second came steadily on over the dead and dying of the former charges, 
 to share the same fate, but still no halt ; its other lines came on. Ye gods ! it is 
 no longer a battle, it is a butchery! Confederates might have made a more 
 impetuous charge, but for cool persistent courage there is no instance in the whole 
 history of the war that surpasses this charge of Humphreys." 
 
 Night Scenes on B.-\ttlefield. 
 
 It was a relief at dusk to find the Regiment sheltered by the slope at the 
 mill-race, subject to no direct fire of the enemy, except from occasional shells 
 and frequent renewal of sharpshooting when the men unnecessarily assumed a 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 103 
 
 standing or even a sitting position, exposing themselves. Quite late in the even- 
 ing it was discovered that the remainder of the brigade had left the battlefield 
 to go to the town of Fredericksburg. No orders had been received by Colonel 
 Allen, in command of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and the One Hundred 
 and Twenty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, to leave the field, and they, there- 
 fore, assumed that they were ordered to remain. A heavy fog set in, and points 
 became undistinguishable. The cries of the wounded with the calls of names 
 of the various regiments to attract attention could be heard at frequent intervals, 
 and an occasional stray shot still penetrated the fog and reached the lines. As 
 the fog grew denser, volunteers were called for to ascertain where the Regi- 
 ments were, and also to bring in all the 
 wounded they could secure. Lieutenant 
 Alexander Carson, of Company D, with 
 an occasional relief of men, at great per- 
 sonal risk, brought in all wounded men 
 found in the Regiment's front, not ceas- 
 ing initil one hundred and twenty 
 wounded men had been rescued. One 
 of those rescued was Color-Corporal 
 Chas. F. Bardeen, of Company F, who 
 received a mortal wound, shattering his 
 jaw. 
 
 Li the early morning, just before the 
 fog lifted, several ambulances came 
 along, which, had they not been halted, 
 would have gone directly into the ene- 
 my's lines. Several were loaded up with 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 wounded whom they conveyed to the 
 hospitals in the town of Fredericksburg, 
 Corporal Bardeen being among them. 
 Sad to state, although poor Bardeen was 
 tenderly helped into the ambulance, and 
 a detail sent to accompan}- the wounded to the hospitals in the town of Fred- 
 ericksburg, all of Colonel Allen's subsequent efl'orts to discover the location of 
 the hospital or even the lot of this brave fellow, were unavailing, ami his fate 
 will probably never be known. 
 
 As stated, the two regiments left on the held under Colonel Allen were 
 without orders. It was discovered late in the night that they were completely 
 cut ofl: from communication with any other parts of the Union army. Major 
 Pearson was sent to penetrate the fog and the mystery of what had become of 
 the rest of the army. The Major not reporting after an interval. Adjutant Mon- 
 tooth was despatched on a similar errand, and he, too, could not find his way 
 back, as both he and Pearson subsequently reported in describing their wan- 
 derings and endeavors to keep out of the Confederate lines. So dense was the 
 fog that hours passed by and they could not find either the regiments or the 
 
 LIEUT. ALEXANDER CARSON. 
 
104 
 
 UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 105 
 
 town of Fredericksburg. Colonel Allen then left the field, and, after much 
 trouble, crossed the canal leading into the town, where he soon found General 
 Humphreys' headquarters, it being explained there that the two regiments named 
 had been entirely overlooked. Orders were immediately given to Colonel Allen 
 that, as soon as the fog permitted, the two regiments named should march into 
 the town, which they did, joining the rest of the brigade in the streets of 
 Fredericksburg. 
 
 Street Scene ix Fredericksburg. 
 
 The streets of the town where the troops of Humphreys' Division were sta- 
 tioned, it was noticed, were full of loot, and great scenes of vandalism and use- 
 less destruction of books, furniture, carpets, pianos, pictures, etc., were visible. 
 This conduct was contrary to the orders of the commanding General, but the 
 acts had been committed b\' non-combatants and camp-followers. The army 
 soldier, discharging his duty, has no time nor inclination for such disreputable 
 work. Many buildings had been dreadfully shattered by the shell and shot, but 
 this afforded no excuse for the wanton destruction of private property, or its 
 unauthorized confiscation by men masquerading as soldiers in the uniform of 
 blue. 
 
 The sights and scenes during the liivouac of the troops in the streets of 
 Fredericksburg were often quite amusing, even amid the gloom prevailing as a 
 result of the great disastrous battle. Human nature, as studied, revealed all 
 varieties of tastes and inclinations on the part of those troops who left the 
 ranks to inspect the city. Some of those characters might be seen with musical 
 instruments, with big horns, violins, accordions, and banjos, confiscated from a 
 deserted music store ; others rolled out barrels of flour and delivered them in 
 
 their companies, where, with the aid of water and fire 
 and griddles, flapjacks were hastily baked and dis- 
 tributed among companions. Drug stores gratified the 
 tastes of others, who provided themselves with medi- 
 cines and instruments to be found in such stores. The 
 enterprising James Finnegan, a character of Company 
 D. whose education abroad did not include either 
 reading or writing, rifled the desk of an abandoned 
 express office and foimd bundles of receipts, old notes 
 and cancelled checks, which he gathered up with great 
 care and concealed until its return to camp for exami- 
 nation, being under the impression that it was a bank 
 instead of an express company he was burglarizing, 
 and that his captured booty would enable him and 
 Lieutenant Carson, whom he intended to let into 
 the secret, to retire to Ireland, there to spend the remainder of their lives in 
 opulence and luxurious living. 
 
 It was during this sojourn on the streets of Fredericksburg that a detach- 
 ment of the Union Signal Corps, which had climbed up and occupied the interior 
 of the tall spire on the Episcopal church of the city, attracted by the waving 
 
 JAMES FINNEGAN. 
 
106 UNDER THE IMALTESE CROSS. 
 
 of signals the attention of the batten- commanders on Alarve's Heights. These 
 batteries, in a few well-directed shots at the steeple, caused a panic in the Signal 
 Corps, and the members of that body, with their little flags, withdrew very pre- 
 cipitately from their elevated position. 
 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, which was stretched along the sidewalk 
 or curbstone in front of this church, concurred most heartily in the rapid descent 
 of the signal men from the steeple, as the enemy's shells, directed at the steeple, 
 occasionallv fell short and unpleasantly close to the Regiment enjoying a rest 
 on the sidewalk. Also whilst occupying this position on the streets. General 
 Burnside and his entire staff and cavalry escort left the army headquarters on 
 the north side of the Rappahannock and came over in person to the city of 
 Fredericksburg, halting at a pujjlic building not far from the position of the 
 regiments composing Humphreys' Division. As General Burnside and his staff 
 proceeded to dismount, the enemy's batteries, which had observed his conspicu- 
 ous crossing on the pontoons and passing through the streets with his escort and 
 flags, thought proper to direct a few shells at this cavalcade as it halted. The 
 shots thus aimed came very nearly ending the earthly career of General Burn- 
 side, as a solid shot within a few feet of him killed one of his mounted orderlies. 
 As soon as Burnside and staff entered the house, the shelling of the enemy 
 ceased, as they seemed to desire to avoid the destruction of the buildings. This 
 fatal incident did not seem to disturb General Burnside or the members of his 
 staff' in the least as they entered the new headquarters. 
 
 Most sorrowful and distressing were the sights and scenes in the hospitals 
 in the town of Fredericksburg. The Court House, Market House and every 
 church and public building were literally crowded with amputating tables and 
 beds on the floor, containing the Union wounded, the death-rate of whom was 
 very great, necessitating the coffining and grave-digging for many. 
 
 Burnside Proposes to Renew the Assault. 
 
 It was currently believed and generall\- circulated that Burnside's visit 
 to the town was to demonstrate his confidence in the ability of the men of his 
 old corps to charge successfully and capture Marye's Heights by a direct at- 
 tack, although so many other assaulting columns had been repulsed. It was 
 asserted also that he had declared his intention to prove this by leading in per- 
 son the Ninth Army Corps in the assault, having organized and commanded 
 that corps in battles, and he, therefore, proposed to stake all on this new and 
 direct attack on Marye's Heights. 
 
 This undeserved reflection on the eft'orts of all the other troops and their 
 commanders who had been repulsed on the most brilliant charges with heavy 
 losses, was not received favorabl}' by any of the commanders of divisions, corps, 
 or grand divisions, and they so warned General Burnside : but he was irre- 
 vocably committed to the plan of leading a new storming column in person. It 
 was known in advance of this campaign that all the Generals of the Army of 
 the Potomac, who had fought inider General McClellan in his campaigns and 
 who had become so personally attached to him, would be closely scrutinized in 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 107 
 
 the battle in which his successor commanded, and with this notice it can be said 
 that Sumner, Hooker. Couch, Franklin, Hancock. Humphreys, Sykes, Griffin, 
 and General Meagher, commander of the Irish Brigade, and all officers under 
 McClellan, never fought better or co-operated more zealously with any other 
 commander than they did in the ill-fated and disastrous battle under Burnside 
 at Fredericksburg. President Lincoln, on receiving word of Burnside's determi- 
 nation to renew the direct assault upon Marye's Heights, intervened, and from 
 an intimation from him to Burnside, the latter abandoned his intention, and the 
 arrangements were accordingly changed so that the entire army at nightfall was 
 to fall back, and retreat to the north side of the Rappahannock, there to occupy 
 their old camps. It was fortunate, however, that word of General Burnside's 
 intention to resume the attack on the next morning by leading the Ninth Corps 
 in person reached General Lee through the capture by the Confederates of a staff 
 officer conveying such information to General Franklin, commanding the left 
 wing of the LInion army, at the lower crossing of the Rappahannock. This 
 message thus captured was the cause of preventing orders to General Stonewall 
 Jackson's command and other Confederate troops for a night assault on Burn- 
 side's army camped on the streets of Fredericksburg. 
 
 General Lee, in answer to critics, after the battle, censijj-ing him for not attack- 
 ing the Union army and preventing its retreat to the north of the Rappahannock, is 
 said to have asserted his belief in the truth of this captured message conveying 
 word of the renewal of the assault on ]\Iarye's Heights by Burnside in person. 
 Lee, therefore, averred, in answer to critics, that his works and positions were 
 impregnable, and that he had decided to postpone the attack on the Federals 
 in Fredericksburg until after the expected attack of Burnside's assaulting column 
 on the following morning. 
 
 Night Retre.xt of the Union Army. 
 
 The retreat of the L'nion army under Burnside from Fredericksburg was 
 conducted with great skill and success, considering the number of men and the 
 shortness of notice. It was to prevent the noise of the large bodies of marching 
 columns from attracting the attention of the enemy, that the men in the ranks 
 were ordered to remove their bayonet scabbards from the same side of the 
 person on which the canteens and tincups hung, which ordinarily made a noise 
 in rapid marching not unlike the proverbial cow-bells. Even talking in the 
 ranks above a whisper was prohibited because of the retreat and the necessity 
 of its being conducted quietly and rapidly. This necessity being communicated 
 to the men, they knew its significance, and readily reciprocated with the officers 
 in obeying the orders. The night was dark, rendered so b\- the heavy fog, and 
 brigades and divisions were soon in line, and a constant procession the entire 
 night, occupied the pontoon bridges from the center of Fredericksburg to the 
 north side of the Rappahannock. Ammunition trains, and ambulances convey- 
 ing the wounded men necessaril\- occupied one of the bridges, while the other 
 bridge was used b}' the troops, so that towards morning the whole town was 
 evacuated by the Union army. 
 
108 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Singular to state. Humphreys' Division, the last to cross on the pontoons, to 
 serve as the " forlorn hope " in the last charge against Marye"s Heights, had the 
 honor in turn of being the last to recross to the north side on the pontoons, and 
 was assigned the distinguished honor of covering the retreat of Burnside's army. 
 
 Among the remarkable incidents occurring on the night of the retreat was 
 the overlooking of many of the pickets. Owing to the confusion incident to 
 the retreat no orders were given for the retiring of the Union pickets and guards 
 who were on their posts. As a result, quite a number, accidentally discovering the 
 retreat of the main army and being without orders, left their posts and reported 
 at the river bank just in time to witness the last pontoon being taken up, leaving 
 them on the south shore of the Rappahannock. Fortunately, the continuing fog, 
 sleet and rain thoroughly concealed the entire movements of the Union army from 
 the enemy ; and time was given guards and pickets to waken up and call in from 
 posts nearby other pickets and guards and those who were ofif guard taking rest. 
 These men, too late to cross on the pontoons, to avoid being captured, gathered on 
 the bank, and determined, cool as the weather was, that they had no resort but to 
 swim the stream, and, abandoning guns, equipments and knapsacks, plunged into 
 the river and swam across. Among many others thus abandoned, Corporal 
 Frank Gilmore, of Company A, of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, one of the 
 guards at the court-house in Fredericksburg, used as a hospital, swam the stream. 
 
 COXFEDER.VTE WiNE CONFISCATED. 
 
 A cheerful incident attending the evacuation of Fredericksburg occurred 
 
 concerning Colonel Allen, General Hum- 
 phreys and many of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Regiment, and as the 
 sequel shows, a few uninvited comrades 
 of a neighboring regiment bivouacked 
 on the streets of the town. Some in- 
 ijuisitive spirits, members of the Regi- 
 ment, found a cellar full of other 
 spirits close by ; and upon reporting the 
 discovery early in the afternoon. Colonel 
 Allen sanctioned, for the sake of the 
 -ick and wounded in the hospitals, the 
 appropriation of the contents of this 
 wine cellar, by a reliable committee from 
 the Regiment. The bottles were handed 
 up one at a time through a vault hole in 
 the sidewalk and passed along in quan- 
 tities aggregating over four hundred bot- 
 tles, when the work of the receiving 
 comrades at the top of the grating re- 
 quired a rest. At this point a comrade. 
 CAPT. WILLIAM R. JONES. who later became famous in Western 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 109 
 
 Pennsylvania, being none other than the late William R. Jones, late manager of 
 the Carnegie Steel Works at Braddock, but at that time serving as a private sol- 
 dier in the One Hundred and Thirty-third Pennsylvania Regiment, from Johns- 
 tovi^n, Pa., volunteered to relieve the over-worked men of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, in the labors of receiving bottles of wine passed up to them through 
 the grating in the street. Private Jones kindly relieved the labors of the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth men, but soon diverted a goodly number of the last hun- 
 dred bottles to himself and companions for services rendered. This diversion was 
 not discovered by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth until the next day, when, 
 through Colonel F. B. Speakman, commanding the One Hundred and Thirty- 
 third, Jones' good joke on the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth leaked out. Colonel 
 Allen thought the confiscation of the wine justifiable, in view of the arduous 
 duties of the troops and the inclement weather, and that rations of this superb 
 wine should be distributed to his Regiment. The Colonel also sent a bountiful 
 supply of the wine to the sick and wounded in the hospitals. 
 
 Gener.al Humphreys S.xmples the Wine. 
 
 Orders had been issued by General Humphreys against the troops' interfering 
 with private property of any kind, and in the interest of discipline the direst 
 penalties were threatened to officers tolerating any violation of these orders. It 
 was, therefore, not without considerable curiosity as to how General Hum- 
 phreys, the Division Commander, might, if invited by Colonel Allen to share the 
 Colonel's ration, take the tender of a little of this confiscated wine. Without 
 any misgivings, however, Colonel Allen did induce General Humphreys to share 
 his hospitality, although it was disturbed once or twice by an occasional shell or 
 stray shot striking the building where the modest banquet to Humphreys was 
 being tendered. At the proper period of the feast, Colonel Allen produced from 
 beneath the table a bottle of wine, and in politest terms, asked General Hum- 
 phreys to share a bumper with him. The General, who at times could be as 
 polite as any man in the world, proved it on this occasion by most courteously 
 accepting the Colonel's offer and in the absence of silver goblets or fine cut-glass- 
 ware, the plain army tin cup was utilized and filled with the tempting beverage. 
 General Humphreys pronounced a warm eulogy upon it, and demanded to know 
 how Colonel Allen was so fortunate as to secure a bottle. The latter e.xplained 
 to him that he had another bottle, and could furnish him another cupful, which the 
 General received with great gusto. \Mien finding that General Humphreys would 
 not likely be shocked with the truth, he explained that to prevent vandalism and 
 the destruction of the wine, he had taken the contents of the entire cellar for his 
 sick and wounded in the hospitals, which report met with the hearty and cordial 
 approval of Humphreys as a wise and humane act, instead of censure. When. 
 however, Colonel Allen admitted that he had already distributed a hundred bot- 
 tles of this fine beverage to his own men bivouacking in the streets, Humphreys 
 professed to be shocked beyond measure at the awful waste of such fine wine 
 on such raw material as private soldiers. After some extenuating defense by 
 Colonel Allen, and pleading specially the gallant charge of the One Hundred 
 
110 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. Ill 
 
 and Fiftv-hfth Regiment on Marxe's Heights, Humphreys became reconciled 
 to the wanton waste of fine wine on private soldiers, and the Colonel produced 
 a third bottle from under the table and another cupful, which the Division Gen- 
 eral disposed of with great apparent relish. \\'ith the gift of a few more bottles 
 to General Humphreys, he and Colonel Allen separated with a cemented friend- 
 ship of a lasting character. 
 
 The enemy did not discover the retreat of the main army until late in the 
 day. when the fog lifted ; and great must have been their chagrin and disappoint- 
 ment over the masterly retreat of Burnside's army. The casualties on the Union 
 side have never been fully or carefully tabulated, but they are approximated to 
 have reached not less than seventeen thousand men, mostly killed and wounded, 
 a few being taken prisoners. As the distance from the north-side end of the 
 pontoons, on which the army crossed to their old camps was very short, and as 
 the winter huts of the camp were all intact, the same as they had been left a few 
 days before, Burnside's army soon resumed their old positions and camps. 
 
 About the only prominent general who took part in the battle of Fredericks- 
 burg that escaped official and personal denunciation by General Burnside was 
 General Humphreys, whom Burnside, in his official report recommended to be 
 breveted Major-General for conspicuous bravery and gallantry in leading the 
 " forlorn hope " by his Division on Marye's Heights. This recommendation 
 Lincoln adopted, and General Humphreys was accordingly so honored. The 
 charges preferred by General Burnside against seventeen of his leading Gen- 
 erals, growing out of this Fredericksburg battle, when presented to President 
 Lincoln, were met by the latter in his characteristic, homely and commonsense 
 way. He said to Burnside that, as between removing these other distinguished 
 Generals, who had won distinction on many battle-fields, and removing him as 
 the commander of the Army of the Potomac, it would occasion less trouble to 
 the Union cause to remove him. The Cabinet influences, however, that secured 
 the appointment of Burnside, were able to overcome this opposition, and to 
 secure him another chance to redeem his lost reputation as a General. 
 
 Burnside's Mud-march Camp.-mgn a Fiasco. 
 
 Accordingly, about the 20th day of January, 1863, Burnside organized an- 
 other campaign against the Confederates, and prefaced the opening of the same 
 with the remarkable address that " the auspicious moment had now arrived to 
 strike the enemy a blow," which, in view of the sequel, was ridiculous. When the 
 army broke camp to follow up, or take advantage of " the auspicious moment " 
 mentioned, the weather was fine, and the roads very good for military move- 
 ments; but where the blow was to be struck was, of course, a profound secret to 
 all but Burnside and his advisers. All that the men in the ranks knew was that 
 the lijie of march was towards the upper fords of the Rappahannock, or possibly 
 the fords of the Rapidan where Hooker and Grant in later campaigns crossed to 
 meet Lee's army. But fate seemed to be once more against Burnside, as at the 
 end of the first half-day's march a decided change in the magnificent weather took 
 
113 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
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UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 113 
 
 place by a storm of drizzling rain and snow, which in a few hours made the roads 
 over which the heavy wagon and ammunition trains and the troops had to march, 
 impassible by reason of the muddy condition of the same. In many places the 
 roads became almost liquid. It was not unusual to see wagon trains, sutlers' 
 wagons and artillery wagons sunk to the hubs of the wheels, and the poor mules 
 were unable to budge their loads, it being as much as they could do in some cases 
 to keep their bodies or heads above the water and mud. At first the troops, to 
 meet this most unexpected change in the weather, were detailed bv regiments, 
 with axes, to chop down trees and build corduroy roads, but the storm con- 
 tinuing, this became impossible, and the roads could not be used. The pontoon 
 trains as well as the wagon trains stuck in the mud, and the entire movement 
 was completely blocked — more effectually, in fact, than it could have been by any 
 human enemy. Unwilling to abandon this unfortunate movement, which had 
 suddenl)- become so iiiaitspicions, the command was given that the mules and 
 teams in the pontoon trains stuck in the mud should be taken out, and in their 
 places ropes should be tied to the wagons, and regiments of men detailed, like 
 firemen, to pull the ropes of the wagons conveying the pontoons. The storm 
 continued, however, with unabated force, so that fires could not be lighted, rations 
 cooked or shelter secured for the men, and at last Burnside was most reluctantly 
 compelled to abandon the movement which liad promised so well. The enemy 
 got word of the movement promptly from some source, and as the troops came 
 near the streams where the pontoons were to be laid, in derision, hoisted signs 
 with the inscription " Burnside stuck in the mud." After three or four days of 
 this miserable experience, the troops were marched back again to their old camps, 
 and soon after Burnside's resignation was accepted, and (jeneral Joseph Hooker 
 was named by President Lincoln to be his successor as commander of the Army 
 of the Potomac. 
 
114 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
When the day's march was over, the bivouac spread, 
 
 The sky our canopy, the earth our bed — 
 
 How close along the shadowy hill arrayed 
 
 Mingled the campfires of our Brigade! 
 
 Or, when through tra\el or in Ijattle spent. 
 
 With what fraternal li i\e each regiment 
 
 Shared with their comrades in their scanty store. 
 
 And with kind offices each other's burdens bore ! 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 115 
 
 Chapter VI. 
 
 GENERAL HOOKER TAKES COMMAND.— CAMP [lUMPHREYS. 
 
 Official Order Assigning General Joseph Hooker to Command Army of 
 Potomac. — Camp Humphreys. — Colonel Allen's Health Fails. — Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel John H. Cain Assumes Command of Regiment. — Changes and 
 Promotions in Regiment. — Description of Camp Humphreys. — Routine 
 of Camp Life. — Bayonet Exercise and Skirmish Drill. — Religious Exer- 
 cises IN Camp. — ^Army of Potomac Reorganized by General Hooker. — Presi- 
 dent Lincoln Visits Army of Potomac. — Grand Review of Army in Honor 
 of President. — April 26th Marching Orders Received. — Regiment on 
 Picket Duty at Fords of Rappahannock. — Army Crosses Rappahannock.^ 
 Confederates Surprised. — Order from General Hooker Congratul.\ting 
 Army. — Battle of Chancellorsville Begins. — Fifth Corps Supports 
 Eleventh Corps. — Humphreys' Division Under Fire. — Takes Position at 
 Front. — Regiment Supports Battery. — One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and 
 One Hundred and Thirty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers " Feel the 
 Enemy." — Affecting Incident of General Whipple's Death. — Humphreys' 
 Division Covers Retre.\t of Army Across Rappahannock. — Strategic 
 Ability of General Hooker. — Casualties. 
 
 In the 36th day of January, 1863, the official order assigning General 
 Joseph Hooker to the command of the Army of the Potomac was 
 read at dress parade to all the regiments of the army. A few days 
 after this announcement, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth moved 
 a few miles nearer to Falmouth, to what was probably the finest 
 camp and winter quarters it ever occupied during its term of service, known as 
 Camp Humphreys. On February 3, 1863, a few days after the " Mud March," 
 this new camp had been laid out in approved military fonn, with parade campus, 
 fine company streets, officers' quarters and quartermasters' tents, and all the para- 
 phernalia of a genuinely comfortable camp for winter quarters. The bad sanitary 
 arrangements in the construction of the quarters in the previous camps and 
 winter quarters and the resultant sickness were the reasons for the perfection of 
 drainage and sanitary precautions attained in Camp Humphreys. The memories 
 of the good health and comforts and pleasant days in this camp during February 
 and March, and a large part of April, 1863, in the minds of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Regiment, will never be forgotten. Indeed, so picturesque and 
 attractive was this encampment that the artist of the Regiment reduced its at- 
 tractive appearance to paper, and had the sketch copied and lithographed in 
 Pittsburg, and many copies were sold by the sutler in charge of the enterprise. 
 
116 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 MAJ.-GEN. JOSEPH HOOKER. 
 
 As a historic souvenir of that period, this 
 bird's-eye view of Camp Humphreys is 
 reproduced. 
 
 This camp was remarkable, too, from 
 the fact tiiat it was occupied by all the regi- 
 ments coni])osing Humphreys" Division at 
 this time. 
 
 First, Colonel P. H. Allabach's head- 
 (|uarters. with Brigade flag floating, is 
 shown in the left of the foreground of 
 picture: ne.xt, the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 tifth Pennsylvania \'olunteer Regimental 
 i|uarters in the foregrotind with the Regi- 
 ment out on dress parade : next, the One 
 Hundred and Twenty-third Regiment 
 Pennsylvania \'olunteers. Colonel John B. 
 Clark ; following this, the One Hundred 
 and Thirty-third Regiment Pennsylvania 
 
 Volunteers, Colonel Allabach ; and lastly, the One Hundred and Thirty-tirst 
 
 Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel F. B. Speakman. 
 
 The other four Pennsylvania Regiments of Humphreys" Division, composing 
 
 General E. B. Tyler"s Brigade, are not entirely visible in this picture of Camp 
 
 Flumphreys, being partially concealed by the woods. 
 
 Changes Occurring in the Regiment. 
 
 Colonel Allen, whose strenuous and untiring labors and exposure in the cam- 
 paigns of Antietam and Fredericksburg, had seriously alifected his health, finally 
 broke down. After weeks of suffering in the field, his complaint — inflammatory 
 rheumatism — not yielding to medical treatment, he was compelled, most reluc- 
 tantly, to relinquish command of the Regiment, and accept a sick-leave, in order 
 to secure home treatment. To one of his soldierly instincts, and with his fine 
 record, his retirement was most disappointing to the men of his command, who, 
 without excejition. honored and esteemed him. During Colonel Allen"s leave 
 of absence for his health, the command of the Regiment was assumed by Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel John H. Cain, also a most popular and attractive oiilicer. 
 
 Captain Frank \'an Gorder, the Regimental Quartermaster, resigned and re- 
 turned to Pittslnirg immediately after the battle of Fredericksburg. This vacancy 
 in the Ouartermaster"s oiifice caused the promotion of James B. Palmer from 
 Sergeant of Company C to a Captaincy and Regimental Quartermaster, a posi- 
 tion he filled most creditably until the end of the war. 
 
 The resignation of Captain Charles Klotz, of Company G, already noted 
 as so lovallv guarding the knapsacks of the Company when it crossed the Poto- 
 mac at Shepherdstown. on the reconnoissance with the Corn Exchange Regiment, 
 the One Hundred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania, to discover the position taken 
 by Lee"s army, on its retreat from Antietam. was accepted by Colonel Allen im- 
 mediately following the battle of Fredericksburg. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 117 
 
 LIEUT. -COL. JOHN H. CAIN. 
 
 MAJ. ALFRED L. PEARSON. 
 
 J. B. PALMER, 
 Captain and Regimental Quartermaster. 
 
 CAPT. GEORGE F. MORGAN. 
 
lis 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 LIEUT. ARTHUR W. BELL. 
 
 CAPT. BENJAMIN B. KERR. 
 
 Sergeant-Major George F. Morgan, of Company E, was promoted and 
 transferred to succeed Captain Charles Klotz. 
 
 The death of Captain Lee Anshiitz, of Company C, at Fredericksburg, left a 
 vacancy which was filled by First Lieutenant James S. Palmer. 
 
 Doctor James M. Hoffman, Surgeon of the Regiment, who had been trans- 
 ferred from the Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry in October, 1862, was dis- 
 missed March 22. 18G3. 
 
 Doctor Joseph A. E. Reed succeeded Doctor Hoffman by promotion from 
 Assistant Surgeon of the Regiment. 
 
 Doctor ^^'. Stockton Wilson became the Assistant Surgeon of the Regiment 
 at Antietam. 
 
 Sergeant Arthur W. Bell, of Company E, was promoted to First Lieu- 
 tenant to fill a vacancy occurring by the resignation of Lieutenant Miles P. 
 Sigworth. of Company G. Ueutenant Bell was a brave, efficient officer and 
 conscientious in the discharge of all duties. 
 
 The promotion of Captain Alfred L. Pearson, of Company A, to be Major 
 on December 31, 1862, occasioned the commissioning of First Lieutenant Frank 
 J. Buchard to be Captain, who served for three months, when his resignation was 
 accepted. He was succeeded in turn as Captain by John C. Stewart. 
 
 Captain Benjamin B. Kerr, who organized Company B, was compelled 
 by ill health in the camp to tender his resignation on April 3, 1863. His 
 position as Captain was filled by Henry W. Grubbs, promoted from First 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 First Lieutenant George W. Lore and Second Lieutenant Benjamin F. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 119 
 
 Jennings, who were also active organizers of their Company, also tendered their 
 resignations during this period following the battle of Fredericksburg. 
 
 James J. Hall, who, with Samuel Kilgore and Alexander Carson, had 
 recruited Company D, was discharged on Surgeon's certificate, December 15, 
 1863, First Lieutenant Samuel Kilgore was promoted to the Captaincy of the 
 Company. 
 
 Second Lieutenant Edward Meeker, of Company G, who commanded the 
 Company at Fredericksburg, resigned January 10, 1863, because of ill health. 
 
 First Lieutenant John T. Denniston, of Company C, was promoted to Captain 
 and transferred, November 10, 1863, to the stafif of Brigadier-General Thomas 
 A. Rowley, U. S. \'olunteers. 
 
 Regimental Quarters. — Camp Life. 
 
 The location occupied by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and other regi- 
 ments in Camp Humphreys was well selected, all the companies having good 
 wide streets. There were also regimental quarters and campus, and quarters for 
 the brigade commander and stafif officers. The regiments occupying Camp 
 Humphrevs were furnished with axes and sent to the woods near by to chop 
 trees and saplings from which to build log huts for winter quarters, each hut 
 containing quarters for three men. The chimney was made of sticks and mud, 
 surmounted by a bo.x to convey away the smoke. The roof was made of wood 
 or slats, where obtainable, and in other cases tents were used. The interior of 
 the quarters thus constructed was very comfortable, being daily inspected, the 
 clothing aired and every precaution of a sanitary nature was taken to prevent 
 disease. Virginia pines, being winter-greens, were planted in rows along the 
 streets and borders of the camp, and arches of the same material were con- 
 structed in front of the quarters of each Colonel in the Division. 
 
 The streets, the parade-ground, and officers' quarters were policed regularly, 
 so that it could be said to be a model camp of neatness and cleanliness and 
 comfort. 
 
 A very frequent practical joke, perpetrated by soldiers leaving the camp in 
 the middle of the night for the outposts, was the covering, unobserved by the 
 slumbering occupants of the quarters, of the chimney with a board or other ob- 
 struction, which was sure to result in the smoking out of the inmates. Of 
 course, by the time this occurred, the perpetrators of the mischief would be far 
 away at their distant posts unsuspected. 
 
 The Colonel, and all the commissioned officers of the Regiment at head- 
 quarters, had servants, or men detailed during these winter quarters, to chop 
 the fire-wood into nice pieces for their daily use. These sticks of fuel were gen- 
 erally stacked up at night adjacent to each officer's quarters, and when no guard 
 was on duty, as was frequently the case, the returning pickets on the winter nights, 
 to save themselves the trouble of chopping fire-wood, would purloin an armful 
 of this niceh'-chopped wood, and hide it in their own tents for use. Frequently 
 officers would be roused by this breach of duty, and would raise a rumpus, 
 shouting and calling for guards, and possibly using some profanity. In such 
 cases, however, the officer, being in his retiring costume, never followed through 
 
120 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 CAPT. JOHN T. DENNISTON. 
 
 the snow the absconding wood thief. (Jn one or two occasions, however, watches 
 were set for these night prowlers, and several were caught in the act and made 
 examples of by being required the next day in camp to carry a good-sized log 
 on their shoulders, whilst the guard patrolled his beat to prevent their escape. 
 The result of this vigilance made the wood-robbers more particular as to the 
 officer upon whom they committed their depredations, and the shrewd ones were 
 wont to relieve the non-combatant officers of the regiment of their fuel. The 
 worthy Chaplain, whose peaceful instincts, they knew, could be safely relied upon 
 to prevent their being shot, even if caught in the act. became their victim, and as 
 a result his wood-pile was regularly diminished, and the good man. to his credit 
 be it said, never raised a disturbance or made a complaint. Some of the most 
 exemplar}' and devout comrades of the Regiment, and regular attendants upon 
 the sermons of the Chaplain in this camp, it is sad to relate, were also the most 
 regular attendants at his wood-pile whilst he was in the arms of Morpheus, 
 
 The morale of the men of Humphreys' Division was never better than it was 
 during their performance of picket duties, drilling and reviews, and the dis- 
 charging of soldierly duties, such as guard-mounts, wagon-guards and an occa- 
 sional scouting party, in this camp. As previously stated, the sanitary condition 
 of the camp was perfect and the hospital cots unoccupied. The bugle call, " Come 
 and get your quinine ! Come and get your quinine ! " for those suffering from 
 temporary or imaginary ailments to report at the Regimental doctor's tent, met 
 with few responses in this camp, and f(irmed a marked contrast to the experience 
 of sickness, disabilities, and excuses from duty in preceding camps of the Division. 
 
 An unfailing and enjoyable daily bugle call was, " Come and get your mail," 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 131 
 
 being the receipt of letters from home, a great antidote for home-sickness. The 
 joy on tliese occasions was surpassed only by the receipt of boxes by express from 
 home containing rolls of fresh butter, jellies, and many home delicacies. 
 
 During the long winter evenings, continuing until spring set in, many recrea- 
 tions were introduced in camp to relieve the dull monotony of the soldier's life. 
 Thus, at Regimental headquarters a glee club was formed, and often late in the 
 " wee sma" hours " of the night, from that quarter might be heard the sweet notes 
 of " Lorena," " In the Old Louisiana Low-lands," and many other familiar 
 ballads. Membership in this camp choir was not restricted to officers, but disci- 
 pline was rela.xed and the private soldier known to have a good voice, or to play 
 a musical instrument, was often excused from camp or picket duty to permit his 
 attendance at Colonel Pearson's headquarters, to participate with Pearson, Adju- 
 tant Montooth, Sergeant Ralston, Sergeant Harry Campbell, of Company B, 
 Ouartemiaster-Sergeant George P. Fulton, Corporal Robert Culp and other tal- 
 ented performers. Many of the Regiment who performed on musical instruments 
 had their violins, banjos, accordions and mandolins sent from home during winter 
 quarters, so that even in the company quarters select quartettes would often be 
 formed. Frequent cotillions and hoe-downs were e.xecuted most gracefully in the 
 compan\- streets with Corporal Bob Culp. of Company B, the Regimental fiddler, 
 calling the figures. A snap-shot sketch of one of these festive occasions, drawn 
 by the Regimental artist, has been reproduced for this history, in which portraits 
 of Sergeant Walter McCabe, Dick ^ilurphy, Bill Jones and Pat Lyon, well-known 
 comrades, appear as forming the set in the hoe-down. Professor Bob Culp is 
 seated " rosining the bow " vigorously. Also heard nightly, but earlier in the 
 evening, was the very loud and animated singing of religious songs' or hymns by 
 Company K, noted as being the most religious company of the Regiment, having 
 a number of preachers as officers, and elders and active church members in the 
 ranks. This company was from Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, and in their 
 lives and conduct were as exemplary Christians as were those of Cromwell's 
 army, although not quite so austere and fanatical. 
 
 Company E, a Pittsburg company, was camped on one side, and Company 
 B, another Pittsburg company, was camped on the other side of Company K. 
 The sweet strains of camp-meeting hymns were rendered in stentorian tones, 
 and the nightly rendition of these devout songs, such as " The Sweet Bye and 
 Bye," " In Heaven Above Where All Is Love," " In the Green Fields of Eden," 
 etc., shouted by voices more vigorous than musical of this good company-, very 
 much disturbed the nightly worldly enjoyments and pleasures of Companies E 
 and B on either side of " K." This sonorous rendition of sacred music in con- 
 nection with the sounds of prayer meetings in so close proximity to the two com- 
 panies named was but little appreciated by the members of the latter companies, 
 their piety being less demonstrative. A very different feature enlivening other 
 companies in this camp was that of card-playing, prevalent during the hours 
 of the devotional exercises in Company K. It must be confessed, also, that oc- 
 casional private games of " poker " were indulged in by members of various com- 
 panies, and that the stakes, to make the game interesting, were not always limited 
 to a mere nominal sum. 
 
122 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
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L'XDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 133 
 
 Discipline was relaxed on many pleasant days in these winter quarters and 
 officers and men engaged in pitching quoits, whilst others procured boxing gloves 
 and gave exhibitions of the manly art of self-defense. These diversions never 
 interfered with the respect due Major Pearson, who often took an active part 
 in these amusements. He was an excellent boxer and also surpassed as a pitcher 
 of quoits. In fact, an era of good feeling was engendered between officers and 
 men by this daily camp life through which they became better known to each other 
 and also more attached. 
 
 As indicating another variety of young men existing in the Regiment there 
 were not a few in these winter quarters who sent home for school-books aban- 
 doned on enlisting, and resumed their studies as opportunity gave them the time. 
 In some cases this occurred with such success, that the soldier students were quali- 
 fied, on returning home, to enter upon business or professional careers, and some 
 obtained distinction without further school or college education. 
 
 Drilling was not neglected, and the amount of attention paid to drilling the 
 men in the bayonet exercise and the skirmish drill and target-firing in which the 
 officers and men of the Regiment became very proficient, was of invaluable benefit 
 to the service in the subsequent active campaigns in which the Regiment par- 
 ticipated. This bayonet or skirmish drill superseded early in the war the old-time 
 tactics coming down from the days of Waterloo, which was simply a useless waste 
 of time and muscle in teaching a regiment of infantry how to form a hollow 
 square, and to kneel down, and with fixed bayonets receive a charge of cavalry. 
 It was found quite early in the Civil War that, however obliging the cavalry were 
 in Napoleon and Wellington's time in charging these " hollow squares " of infan- 
 try thus posted to receive them, that " Jeb." Stuart's and Fitz Hugh Lee's Confed- 
 erate cavalry never manifested the slightest disposition to fight Union veterans 
 that way. It cannot probably be said that any members of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, however eager for the fray, ever felt disappointed at the failure of 
 the Confederates to impale their cavalry on the bayonets of the Regiment. 
 
 During camp life in the pleasant winter quarters of Camp Humphreys, many 
 subordinate officers of Allabach's Brigade seemed to be afflicted with various 
 minor ailments, such as cramps, etc., for which no other remedy seemed so 
 efficacious as frequent doses of Government " commissary." For a short period 
 only, during the absence of Colonel Allabach, Colonel John B. Clark, command- 
 ing the One Hundred and Twenty-third Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, was 
 placed in command of the Brigade. Being a minister of the gospel and strictly 
 temperate, he refused to sign the usual requisitions of officers for " commissar}'." 
 except for urgent medical purposes. Just at this particular period, it is stated 
 that cramps became very prevalent among certain officers of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth, and the situation became peculiarly distressing on account of the 
 inability of these officers, by reason of Colonel Clark's stand, to procure their 
 favorite remedy. Lieutenant Alex. Carson, of Company D. while suffering greatly 
 from the deprivation of his favorite beverage and medicine, with a canteen strung 
 on his shoulder, visited Colonel Clark at brigade headquarters and presented the 
 depressed condition of himself and his companions in so touching a manner that 
 the good Colonel set aside his scruples for the nonce, and endorsed the requisition 
 
1-34 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 enabling the genial yet thirsty Lieutenant to procure just uiic iaiitccn full of the 
 coveted medicine. 
 
 \\'ith a countenance expressive of great satisfaction, Lieutenant Carson has- 
 tened to his c|uarters where he speedily procured assistance to alter the formal 
 requisition by |)lacing after the figure one the figure four, so that the amended 
 requisition would read fourteen instead of one. Thus amended, the requisition 
 was duly honored by the commissary, and the cramps and kindred diseases af- 
 fecting so many officers of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, after a few doses 
 of this sovereign remedy, disappeared like magic. 
 
 During the occupancy of Camp Humphreys the Regiment was without a 
 chaplain. Expecting to secure one soon, Lieutenant-Colonel Cain directed the 
 erection of a chapel adjacent to the Regimental camp. The boys of the religions 
 Company K, and many from other companies detailed for the task of building 
 the chapel, entered upon the work with alacrity, and labored with diligence and 
 pleasure. Private D. K. Stevenson, of Company E, who left a Methodist pulpit 
 to shoulder a musket, was chosen architect of the sacred structure, and Lieutenant 
 Alex. Carson, of Company D, was made superintendent of construction, and had 
 charge of the gang of soldier laborers that felled the trees and squared the tim- 
 bers. Among the Clarion and Armstrong county boys were many expert woods- 
 men, and the work went on in good shape for several weeks, according to the 
 elaborate plans. But, alas! before the completion and dedication of the chapel, 
 the Chancellorsville campaign was on. The Regiment broke camp and the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Xdlunteers' chapel was never completed. 
 However, before it was actually roofed, the boys of Lieutenant Carson's detail had 
 a dance in it, and the dulcet strains of the old-time tunes were duly brought forth 
 from Piob (_'ulp's fiddle, " Andy " White, of Compan}' H, calling the regulation 
 country-dance " figgers." 
 
 Gexer.\t. Hooker Reorca.nizks Armw 
 
 General Joseph Hooker had acquired, before his a]:>]:iointment, the reputation 
 of being a most severe critic of all the previous Generals commanding the Army 
 of the Potomac — a fact which, in a letter communicating his appointment. Presi- 
 dent r^incoln referred to as being far from the cause of his appointment, and as- 
 suring him that it was in spite of his caviling and harsh criticisms of other com- 
 manders that he intrusted him with the command of the Arm}' of the Potomac. 
 It is to be doubted whether in history there is a ]3arallel of a General accepting a 
 promotion such as this, accompanied with the stern rebuke contained in this letter 
 of the jiatient Lincoln. Personally, however, General Hooker's handsome appear- 
 ance as an officer, his genial manners and aggressiveness in battle, earning the 
 soubri(|uet of " Fighting Joe," made his appdintment a most popular one — the 
 more so, because it relieved the army of General lUirnside, whose unfitness for 
 general command was established beyond doubt. General Hooker's tact also 
 served him well, and aided materially in restoring confidence to the arnn- sufl:'ering 
 from the demoralization of Burnside's demonstration. 
 
 General Hooker's first move was to disband the organization of the grand 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 125 
 
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126 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 divisions of the army made by his predecessor, and in their place restored the 
 corps organizations and plan of army commands, as maintained by General 
 McClellan. This change also relieved the Fifth Corps of General Daniel Butter- 
 field, who became Chief-of-Staf¥ to General Hooker. General George G. Meade, 
 destined to become so famous as the commander of the army at Gettysburg and 
 at Appomattox with Grant, succeeded to the command of the Fifth Army Corps. 
 Probably, however, no single act of Hooker's, as the new commander, did more 
 to restore confidence and good spirits to the arm)- than the increase of rations to 
 be distributed to the rank and file of the army, and the substitution of baker's 
 bread and also fresh vegetable rations in camp in place of the irrepressible hard- 
 tack. As a consequence, Hooker's appearance in the camps, on the march, and at 
 reviews was marked by the liveliest cheering and demonstrations, indicating the 
 appreciation of the men of his command of his efforts to increase their comforts. 
 During the weeks following his appointment and preparations of plans for 
 the spring campaign, drillings, inspections, reviews and target-firing were resorted 
 to daily ; so that the army discipline was restored, and its tone and spirit was 
 never better under any General who had previously commanded than it was 
 when the orders to break camp were given by General Hooker, on the 'i7th day 
 of April, 1863, beginning the march to Chancellorsville. 
 
 President Reviews the Army. 
 
 President Lincoln, on April 7, 1863, visited General Hooker in the camps at 
 Falmouth, where the winter quarters of the Arm\- of the Potomac, on the north 
 side of the Rappahannock since the retreat from Fredericksburg, had been. 
 
 General Hooker made ample preparations to extend to the President, on the 
 occasion of his visit, a review of all the corps of the Army of the Potomac. It 
 was conceded that the army had reached the maximum of efficiency and morale 
 at this time, and the displa}' on the occasion of this review by the President had 
 never been surpassed by any similar event since the opening of the Civil \^'ar. 
 
 Composing this grand amiy thus reviewed were commanders of distinction, 
 several of whom afterwards fell in battle. At the head of the column. General 
 John F. Reynolds, in command of the First Corps, rode with his staff and well- 
 known colors and corps markers. 
 
 General Hancock, styled by McClellan the " Superb," followed with his staff 
 at the head of the famous divisions and brigades of the Second Corps, con- 
 taining the decimated columns of the regiments of the Irish Brigade, with 
 General Thomas Francis Meagher at its head, each regiment carrying the green 
 flag of old Ireland side by side with the stars and stripes and Second Corps flag. 
 
 The Third Corps, commanded by General Daniel E. Sickles, who, present- 
 ing a magnificent soldierly appearance, followed with his staff', the historic 
 Excelsior Brigade, and the division Generals Whipple and Berry, who were 
 destined so soon to fall in battle at Chancellorsville, made an imposing sight. 
 
 The Fifth Corps was led by General George G. Meade, fresh from the 
 wounds received at Antietam and the honor of leading the Pennsylvania Re- 
 serves at Fredericksburg. This Corps also contained the division commanded by 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 127 
 
 General Charles Griffin ; also the division of the L'nited States Regulars, under 
 command of General George Sykes ; and the division of Pennsylvania regiments, 
 led by the intrepid General A. A. Humphreys, in which the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-Fifth, commanded by Colonel John H. Cain, was serving. 
 
 The Sixth Corps followed next, commanded by General John Sedgwick, a 
 veteran officer of the Mexican War who had also won distinction on many 
 battle-fields of the Civil War. 
 
 General O. O. Howard, with the empty sleeve recalling the loss of an arm 
 in the Peninsula Campaign, with his stafT, led the Eleventh Corps, in which were 
 the divisions of German troops, commanded by General Von Steinwehr, Schim- 
 melpfennig, and Carl Schurz. 
 
 The Twelfth Army Corps was led by Major-General Henry W. Slocum, of 
 most distinguished record, in which General Geary, of Pennsylvania, commanded 
 a division. This Corps completed the infantry troops in the review. 
 
 General Stoneman, at the head of the magnificent divisions of cavalry, com- 
 manded by Generals Pleasanton, Custer, Gregg and Buford, followed. The 
 historic batteries of artillery, regular and volunteer, made a splendid appearance, 
 all being under command of General Henry H. Hunt, whose handling of the 
 hundred pieces of artillery in the recent battle of Fredericksburg had earned him 
 great honor and distinction. General Gouverner K. Warren was promoted by 
 General Hooker to be Chief Engineer of the Army of the Potomac. 
 
 The pontoon boats on this occasion were not detained in Washington, nor 
 " stuck in the mud," but with their guards and engineers, and General Warren 
 at their head, also passed in review before the President and party. 
 
 The number of troops participating in this review, it is estimated, exceeded 
 one hundred thousand, and occupied the entire day from early morning until late 
 in the afternoon in passing. Humphreys' Division had marched six miles to the 
 open plain selected for this magnificent military pageant. 
 
 However, as the weather was fine. President Lincoln, as seen on the reviewing 
 stand, seemed to endure the fatigue of reviewing the long procession of troops 
 well, and remained until the last pontoon at the rear of the parade had passed, 
 returning with great precision and cordiality the salutations given him by the 
 corps and other commanders. The orders for strict discipline on this occasion, 
 prohibiting the men from making demonstrations, and, as required by military 
 etiquette, to keep their eyes front, were frequently disregarded, especially when 
 some of the famous brigades and regiments containing emotional individuals 
 threw up their hats and cheered lustily for the much-beloved President. This 
 flagrant breach of military etiquette was overlooked on this occasion, no offenders 
 being sent to the guard-house for the infraction. 
 
 Marching Orders. — Eight Days' Rations. 
 
 One week later, the 26th of April, marching orders were issued by General 
 Hooker to his army, together with the unusual direction that each soldier in the 
 ranks should carry on his person eight days' rations. On no previous campaign 
 or march of the army were the men in the ranks required to carry more than 
 
128 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 JOHN H. IRWIN, 
 Sergeant-Major. 
 
 three clays' rations. This order in itself indicated a 
 movement from the base of supplies and probability of 
 hostilities lasting some days and marches to points where 
 the army wagons with supplies could not promptly fol- 
 low. This gave rise to a great deal of conjecture as to 
 the objective campaign about to be undertaken by General 
 Hooker. The secret, however, was well guarded, and 
 the soldier in the ranks had to keep guessing as to the 
 destination. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth bade 
 farewell once more to Camp Humphreys, and just before 
 the move was detailed for picket duty at Bank's Ford on 
 the Rappahannock. The relations with the enemy at this 
 time were so friendly that conversations and exchanges 
 of civilities were frequent with the pickets on the opposite- 
 side of the Rappahannock, no shooting at each other be- 
 ing tolerated without previous notice. 
 
 The left wing of the One Hundred and Fifty-fiftli 
 composed of five companies, under command of Lieu 
 tenant-Colonel Cain, remained at Bank's Ford, whilst th^ 
 five other companies composing the right wing of the 
 Regiment, under command of Major Pearson, was as- 
 signed to picket duty at Kelly's Ford. Sergeant-Major 
 John H. Irwin remained for duty with the left wing, with Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Cain commanding, at Bank's Ford ; and Major Pearson, in command of the right 
 wing, detailed Private Charles F. McKenna, of Company E, as acting Sergeant- 
 Major of that wing. On this picket duty at these two fords, the Regiment re- 
 mained quite comfortable until April 27th, when the Irish Brigade, under General 
 Meagher, of the Second Corps, relieved both wings of the Regiment from picket 
 duty. 
 
 General George G. Meade, the new Fifth Corps commander, with his staff, 
 had visited the picket-posts of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment at the 
 fords named the day before the Regiment was relieved by Meagher's men. 
 General Meade and staff made observations with their field glasses to ascertain 
 the positions of the enemy opposite and the situation of the forces across the 
 Rappahannock. 
 
 The Regiment was returning to Camp Humphreys on being relieved from 
 picket duty at the fords, when it met the other divisions of the Fifth Corps on the 
 march, indicating the opening of the campaign for which the eight days' rations 
 had been issued. General Meade personally halted the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment on its march to its old camp, and directed the officers to have the 
 Regiment file off the road to the sides, so as to allow the marching column of 
 troops to pass ; and that when Humphreys' Division reached the point where the 
 Regiment had halted, the latter should fall into line and accompany it. The 
 greeting of the other regiments of Humphreys' Division to the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth, halted on the roadside, was most cordial, and demonstrations of 
 affection were particularly manifested by the nine-months regiments on the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 12? 
 
 march, with whom the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth had been associated ever 
 since enlistment. 
 
 The Fifth Corps coUimn marched past Hart wood Church April 38th. 
 General Hooker and staff rode by close to where the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth had halted in the column, and his presence was greeted with cheering and 
 shouts of " eight days' rations," which seemed to amuse the (leneral very much, 
 as he most courteously responded to the salutes of his men. The 'iSth and 29th 
 were spent in marching to the point on the Rappahannock where it was intended 
 to cross over to give the enemy battle. 
 
 The Regiment, before starting on this campaign, had reached a high state of 
 efficiency, being under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel John H. Cain. who. in 
 the battle and subsequent movements of the Regiment, won the approbation of 
 his superior officers and all the men of the Regiment for his soldierly conduct. 
 
 Crossing the Rappahannock and the Rapidan. 
 
 The Regiment, on the night of the 39th, camped on bluffs overlooking the 
 Rappahannock. From these heights, on the next morning, a most impressive 
 and picturesque view was witnessed in the movement across the Rappahannock 
 on pontoons of the army composed of more than one hundred thousand men,, 
 comprising infantry, cavalry and artillery. This, with miles of ammunition and 
 headquarters wagons, presented a remarkable scene and one most impressive and 
 interesting. It was dusk in the evening when it came the turn of Humphreys' 
 Division to cross on the pontoons. The soil on the south side of the Rappa- 
 hannock after this command had crossed was found to be marshy and sandy and 
 most difficult to travel over, and the wagon and pontoon trains could scarcely 
 move on these roads. 
 
 April 30th, 1863, Humphreys" Division rose early and marched steadily, 
 fording " Deep Creek," a stream knee-deep. After marching until late in the 
 afternoon, the Division reached the Rapidan river at Ely's Ford. A halt of 
 three or four hours occurred at this point, the delay being caused by a blockade 
 of the roads by wagon trains. At first the proposition that all the troops should 
 wade the Rapidan at this ford seemed incredible, considering that the weather 
 was quite cool and that the troops had become very warm by their fatiguing 
 march. However, the order was given to ford the stream, and it was cheerfully 
 obeyed. Almost all of the troops stripped ofT their clothing and packed it in one 
 miscellaneous bundle, which they placed on their shoulders with their guns, and 
 timidly but firmly stepped into the cold water. Bundles and guns and clothes 
 were lost by many of the men in crossing this stream, and various devices were 
 invented to float or carry soldiers and officers across. The water was up to the 
 chest of a man of ordinary size, and the stream was quite swift. All the Division 
 trains, artillery, cattle and pack-mules, carrying hardtack and rations, forded the 
 river. After crossing the stream, Humphreys' Division encamped in a dense 
 pine woods for the night, starting big fires to dry their clothes, and receiving" 
 rations of hardtack and fresh beef. 
 
 Friday, May 1st, 1863, after resuming the march early and passing through 
 
130 
 
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UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 131 
 
 dense woods, about ten o'clock Humphreys' Division reached the open ground in 
 the vicinity of what afterwards became famous and known as Chancellorsville. 
 The Division formed in hne for inspection, during which a general order from 
 General Joseph Hooker, commanding the Army of the Potomac, was read by the 
 Adjutants to the respective regiments of the Division. The order congratulated 
 the army on its successful series of marches of the last few days, and its great 
 surprise to the enemy taken unaware, and promised the sure destruction of the 
 enemy on his own soil. 
 
 This order further declared that we had now got that enemy where he would 
 have " to come from his strongholds and give us battle, or ingloriously retreat." 
 The order thus read inspired the men with additional confidence and affection for 
 Hooker, for the march had been a success and a total suq:irise to the enemy. 
 
 After marching a few miles farther from this position. General Meade led 
 Grififin's and Sykes' Divisions of the Fifth Corps to the roadside near the 
 Chancellor House, and there formed a junction with the Second Army Corps 
 under General Hancock, which had crossed the Rappahannock the night before at 
 Bank's Ford. Whilst halted here an inspection of arms took place and the 
 command was ordered to load their guns. The bugle-call sounded to resume 
 the march. Many of the soldiers, from the excessive marching and the prospect 
 of battle, threw away at this point their knapsacks and other impediments likely 
 to become burdensome. 
 
 Battle of Ciia.xcki.lousxtlle. 
 
 The two Divisions of the Corps, Sykes' Regulars and Grififin's Division, 
 marched out very rapidly on a road in the direction of Bank's Ford. Humphreys' 
 Division was ordered to follow, and promptly did so, passing a Confederate 
 encampment on the road which gave every sign of having been suddenly evacuated 
 but a few hours before. Brisk artillery firing while on this reconnoissance towards 
 Bank's Ford broke out and could be heard very distinctly by the command. But 
 few of the shots or shells reached Humphreys' Division, which, as stated, was in 
 the rear of the Fifth Corps column; but Sykes' Division and Griffin's Division 
 received some of this artillery firing of the enemy. From some unexplained 
 reason, Sykes' Division, which thus came across the enemy as the head of the 
 reconnoitering column, was given orders by General Hooker not to fight or bring 
 on a battle, and next was ordered to fall back to the place whence they started, 
 near the Chancellor House. 
 
 A singular scene took place on the retrograde movement of this column 
 composed of the Fifth Corps. As it was falling back, panic-stricken teamsters, 
 pack-mule drivers, with a number of wounded prisoners, some contrabands and 
 the cattle train crowded the roadside and were in full retreat as if the enemy were 
 following the troops which General Hooker had sent out on this road to make a 
 reconnoissance. 
 
 General Sickles, at the head of the Third Corps, on the return of the Fifth 
 Corps from this reconnoissance, formed a junction with the Fifth and Second 
 Corps. 
 
133 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Humphreys' Division was detached from the Corps and assigned to a 
 position on heights commanding the southern approaches to United States Ford. 
 This was exactly the reverse of the position they had been picketing for two or 
 more months previous on the opposite side. In taking this new position, strict 
 orders were given to build no fires and to give no signs by which the enemy 
 might know or discover the presence of Union troops occupying this position, and 
 orders were also issued to be ready to fall into line at a moment's notice — virtually 
 to " sleep on their arms." 
 
 Saturday, May "?. 1863. All this day Humphreys' Division was engaged in 
 
 KS-r =■ '^'■^: 
 
 CHANCELLORSVILLE HOUSE. War Time Sketch by Edwin Forbes. 
 (May 1, 186.S. at to 10 o'clock a. m.I 
 
 Hampton Pennsylvania Battery is shown in the foreground. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, is seen on the right of the sketch. It has just loaded muskets and is marching 
 with the First and Third Divisions, Fifth Army Corps, on the reconnoisance on the River Road to 
 Fredericksburg, having got as far as Bank's Ford, when recalled by order of General Hooker, instead of 
 connecting with General Sedgwick at Fredericksburg, Va. 
 
 erecting earth works, rifle-pits and other defenses on the heights occupied by the 
 Division. Batteries were placed in position, and a body of the enemy, gathering 
 in the woods plainly in sight of the position occupied by Humphreys' Division, 
 was treated to a shelling by the batteries and driven from their position. The 
 battle of Chancellorsville was now on and very heavy cannonading and musketry 
 firing were heard close by, indicating the severity of the engagement. 
 
 While still engaged in throwing up works, the Fifth Corps received orders 
 to march immediately to the right to assist in checking the advance of Stonewall 
 Jackson's attack on the Union left held by the Eleventh Corps, The One Hundred 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 133 
 
 and Fifty-fifth knew by the sound of musketry coming from this unexpected 
 quarter that the enemy had broken through the Union hues and the Regiment 
 double-quicked to the scene of action. On the way they beheld most astonishing 
 sights. Panic-stricken non-combatants, cattle, cattle-guards, ambulances, etc., 
 completely choked up the road, impeding the passage; so that the troops were 
 obliged to take a parallel lane leading to the front. This lane was also soon 
 crowded with fugitives proclaiming terrible news about the disaster at the front 
 towards which the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was hastening. The Fifth Corps 
 was ordered to relieve the Eleventh Corps under General Howard, and the latter 
 under orders were marched to the rear to occupy the earthworks covering the 
 approaches to United States Ford, which the Fifth Corps had been engaged in 
 erecting. Humphreys' Division was soon under fire, and by the presence of these 
 fresh troops the stampede was partially checked, and soon the whole Union line 
 was advanced and the lost ground recovered. 
 
 As night set in without a cloud, and the moon arose with imusual brightness, 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was posted in the woods, throughout which the 
 cry of the whip-poor-will was heard, furnishing a strange accompaniment to the 
 incessant boom of heavy fighting — artillery, cavalry and infantry — the roll of 
 musketry and picket firing all along the line lasting all night. 
 
 De.VTH of " StONEWALI. ■' J.\CKSOX. 
 
 It was during these early hours of the night — about nine o'clock — that 
 General " Stonewall " Jackson lost his life whilst personally with his staff recon- 
 noitering outside his picket lines, previous to rallying his forces and making a 
 midnight assault on the L'nion lines. It appears that he was first seriously 
 wounded by pickets firing between the lines, and while being carried back to his 
 own lines was again wounded. No convincing evidence has ever been gathered 
 or submitted to establish the Confederate claim that General Jackson was killed by 
 the fire of his own pickets, mistaking him and his escort for Federal cavalry. The 
 close proximity of the Union lines with skirmishers and pickets, and the con- 
 tinuous firing in that vicinity, cast a shade of doubt over the Confederate claim 
 that stronger proof than has ever yet been ofifered must be required to dispel. 
 
 Sunday, May 3, ISG.I. The battle was resumed soon after daylight bv 
 furious attacks of the enemy under General J. E. B. Stuart, who had succeeded 
 General " .Stonewall " Jackson. Humphreys" Division advanced from the rifle-pits 
 which they had nearly completed, being relieved by part of the Eleventh Corps, 
 and took position, on marching to the front, near the Chancellor House. Alla- 
 bach's Brigade was immediately assigned to support a battery, and after remain- 
 ing there an hour or more on this duty stray shots and shells dropping around 
 the position uncomfortably close to the Regiment, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 and the One Hundred and Thirty-third Regiments were detached from the Brigade 
 and marched to the right of the ^Vhite House, where General Hooker's head- 
 quarters were located, and where with his stat¥ he seemed to be receiving reports 
 from his subordinates. There had been fighting all along the line, and heavy 
 skirmishing in the vicinity of the ^^'hite Flouse, which General Hooker had 
 
134 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 135 
 
 \:^-!. 
 
 
 MAJ.-GEN. JOSEPH HOOKER. 
 
 selected for his headquarters. The enemy had range of the position and dropped 
 many shot and shell in the immediate vicinity of the position occupied by the 
 commanding General and his staff. General Hooker's deportment at this time 
 was most soldierly and inspiring : and it was a matter of very great regret that 
 soon after, whilst standing on the porch of the White House, a shot struck a 
 column against which he was leaning and knocked him down, stunning him for 
 some time. Instead of yielding to his injuries and seeking treatment, on first 
 rallying from the effects of his injury. General Hooker insisted on mounting his 
 horse and riding past the line of his troops to show that he was still alive and 
 active. In this effort, however, the General overtaxed himself ; the exertion re- 
 quired to maintain his equipoise being too much, and he broke down a second 
 time, exhausted from his shock and injury, and was taken to his headciuarters in 
 an ambulance. He was there put to bed, without his having made any provision 
 or given any orders concerning the battle then in progress. General Covich was 
 the senior Major-General on the field ; but, in view of what was supposed to be 
 only a temporary disability of the commanding (^leneral, and not knowing his 
 plans, General Couch hesitated and refused to give orders, or in any way e.xercise 
 
136 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 control of the army, and. like the other corps Generals, remained inactive 
 awaiting orders. General Humphreys, after getting his division into line of 
 battle, took occasion at this point to address each particular regiment of his 
 command. With his staff, he rode up in front of the troops, and in a most 
 excited manner and accentuating his speech with vigorous gesticulations and 
 profanity, demanded that each regiment of the Division stand up to the work 
 before them in the impending battle. To many of the Division who had so re- 
 cently won for General Humphreys his high honors and reputation in the great 
 charge at Alarye's Heights, his address on this occasion was most surprising and 
 was wholly uncalled for. Nothing in the conduct of the men in the ranks -go far 
 had given any excuse for the insinuations involved in this excitable and un- 
 expected speech. 
 
 General Humthreys Orders Recoxnoiss.\xce. 
 
 From the position occupied by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and com- 
 panion regiments of the Division, which was in the reserve line of battle, the 
 Regiment had an excellent view of the columns of Union forces in the advance 
 going into battle before it came the turn of Humphreys' Division to move. 
 Whilst expecting at this point to advance in regular line of battle, the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth and the One Hundred and Thirty-first, which, as 
 stated, had been detached, were deployed into the edge of the woods, where 
 they observed before entering forty or fifty pieces of Union artillery in line, with 
 lanyards drawn ready for action, all under command of Captain Stephen H. 
 Weed, U. S. A. Whilst the Regiment was waiting for the final order to deploy 
 into the woods, quite a number of Confederate prisoners who had been captured 
 in the same woods passed to the rear of the Union lines ; also many Union 
 
 wounded being carried back, whilst other 
 wounded men were walking. A remarkable 
 scene w^as also witnessed of a detachment of 
 Meagher's Irish Brigade, accompanied by 
 General Meagher himself and Colonel St. 
 Clair Mulholland, of the One Hundred and 
 Si.xteenth Pennsylvania \'oIunteers, coming 
 out of the same woods where they had very 
 severe fighting all morning, pulling by hand 
 and ropes the Fifth Maine battery of ar- 
 tiller^■, the horses of which had all been 
 killed in the fight. The defence made by 
 the efficient ofiicers and men of the famous 
 battery exhibited s.jme of the severest and 
 most stubborn fighting of the war. its brave 
 and youthful Captain, Jacob Lapine. dying a 
 true soldier's death at his post. 
 
 Among the officers whose regiments were 
 GEN. THOMAS FRANCIS MEAGHER, actively engaged in the same woods defending 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 137 
 
 Lapiiie's liattery. was Lit-utenant-Colonel \\'illiani I!. Xeeper. whose regiment, 
 the Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania \'olunteers, was in the tliickest of the fight 
 Colonel Keeper was well known to Colonel Cain. Major t'earson. Adjutant Mon- 
 tooth, and many other Pittsburgers in the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, having 
 long been an active member of the Duquesne Greys, of Pittsburg. 
 
 At last, the order was given for the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and the 
 One Hundred and Thirty-first to advance from behind the position of the fifty- 
 four pieces of artillery, already mentioned, in line ready to shell the enemy in 
 the woods. The military temi for the duty of these two regiments is called 
 ■' feeling the enemv," but, in point of fact, it proved to be the enemy feeling 
 them. The two regiments named were ordered to go into the woods and 
 advance silentlv as close to the enemy as possible, and that if attacked by the 
 Confederates from behind works or by their batteries, they were to lie down flat 
 on the ground to escape the range of the enemy's masked artillery and musketry, 
 and that on no account were they to advance farther or to attempt to carry the 
 enemy's works. At the first advance into the woods, the enemy evidently did 
 not know of the approach of the two regi- 
 ments and no shots were fired. A rather 
 humorous incident took place at this time. 
 Major Pearson, deeming it a proper occasion 
 to imitate General Humphreys' inspiring ad- 
 dress to the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, 
 made a speech demanding that each man 
 stand up to his v^'ork : that no hiding behind 
 trees or holding back should take place, etc. 
 He had scarcely finished his impassioned ora- 
 tory when the enemy, discovering the pres- 
 ence of the tw-o regiments in the woods, 
 opened out about as brisk a grape and canis- 
 ter and musketry fire upon them as they did 
 on Marye's Heights: so that without express 
 orders every man in the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth fell flat on the ground, including 
 the redoubtable Pearson, who, his men after- 
 wards claimed, got a little nearer down, ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^p^^^ 
 
 and hugged mother Earth a little closer than 
 
 his men. The range, however, of the Confederate artillery and musketry was 
 all above the heads of the prostrate men. Soon the enemy ceased firing and, 
 jumping over their breastworks, advanced to capture the deployed troops. 
 General Humphreys, however, who was present and on the alert to the situation, 
 ordered the men of the two regiments of his command to arise instantlv and 
 retreat as promptly and rapidly as they could, so that the fifty- four pieces of 
 artillery under Captain Stephen H. Weed could let loose their fire on the 
 pursuing foe. This movement ordered by General Humphreys was executed, to 
 use a hackneyed phrase, " with quickness and despatch ;" and the pursuing foe 
 received the vollevs of a most destructive fire from the waiting artillervmen. 
 
138 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 and the woods in which the two Union regiments had been deployed was soon 
 covered with the bodies of dead and wounded Confederates, whose charge was 
 repulsed with severe loss. 
 
 As the two regiments of Humphreys" Division were falling back from the 
 woods, the famous Chancellor House in the rear could be seen burning, having 
 been set on fire by the shelling. The enemy's batteries resumed shelling the same 
 woods and around the White House, which was still Hooker's headquarters, 
 and near where Humphreys' Division was stationed and again exposed to 
 desultory firing. 
 
 General Hooker's continued disability prevented any general advance or 
 movement, but during the night of this day. May 3d, the Regiment furnished 
 details consisting of one hundred men with similar details from other regiments 
 to throw up rifle-pits at this point, and when completed, as they were towards 
 morning, Hayman's Brigade, of the Third Corps, occupied the position. The 
 weather was extremely cold for the season ; the eight days" rations had not held 
 out ; the overcoats and blankets had been thrown away on the march, and, as a 
 result, there was considerable discomfort experienced by many of the troops. 
 
 Gener.'\l Whipple's Death ; Affecting Scene. 
 
 May -i, 1863. Skirmishing with the enenw's pickets was kept up all day in 
 plain view of the position of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth in the rear of the 
 skirmish line. The Regiment, from its position in reserve, saw General Amiel 
 W. Whipple, a distinguished officer commanding the Third Division of the Third 
 
 Army Corps, mortally wounded by a 
 Confederate sharpshooter while the Gen- 
 eral was standing by or leaning against 
 his horse writing an order. Stray shots 
 struck others near where the General 
 received his mortal injury. August 
 Shmuck, of Company K, was wounded 
 while taking observations and sighting 
 a piece of artillery away in reserve of 
 the skirmish line. General Whipple was 
 carried on a stretcher past the line 
 occupied by the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth on the road near the White House, 
 followed by his staff. His wound being 
 mortal and death imminent, the unusual 
 spectacle was beheld of the stretcher- 
 bearers stopping and depositing the 
 stretcher with its occupant on the road- 
 side, while Father O'Hagan, chaplain 
 of the Excelsior Brigade, knelt down, 
 as did all of the General's staff, mourn- 
 GEN. AMIEL w. WHIPPLE. ^"11.^ following, and the consolations of 
 
UNDER THE :^IALTESE CROSS. 139 
 
 religion were administered to the dying man. and prayers appropriate for the oc- 
 casion were uttered. It was truly a sad and pathetic scene to witness. The spot 
 where this solemn ceremon)- took place was still within the range of the foe's 
 sharpshooters, but no further casualties occurred at that point. General Whipple 
 passed away within half an hour of the time of receiving the dying sacraments of 
 his church. General Whipple had a distinguished career on the Peninsula, being 
 one of Hooker's ablest lieutenants, and was beloved by his men for his soldierly 
 qualities and courteous treatment of his subordinates. 
 
 General \A'hipple was one of the old Regular Army officers, being a graduate 
 of \\'est Point, and participating in the Mexican War and also commanding a 
 division at Fredericksburg. His death caused profound sorrow in Washington, 
 where he filled various military positions and enjoyed the personal confidence of 
 President Lincoln. After his death the President interested himself to secure 
 the appointment of General Whipple's two sons, then in their school days, as 
 cadets at \\'est Point and Annapolis, respectively, where both in due time 
 graduated. Charles W. Whipple, on the outbreak of the war wath Spain, was 
 made Chief Ordnance Officer, with the brevet rank of Colonel, and after the close 
 of that war was dispatched to the Philippines, where he continued to serve the 
 Government for several years, until his arduous duties and the baleful climate so 
 afifected his health as to cause his retirement. His brother, who entered the navy, 
 did not long survive his graduation. 
 
 General W'hipple's remains were removed to Georgetown, D. C, and were 
 given the honors of a public funeral, which was attended by President Lincoln 
 and Cabinet. 
 
 GeXER.M. W.XRRE.V IX THE TRENCHES. 
 
 A detail under Lieutenant James Wells, of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment, reported quite early on the morning of May 5th, at General 
 Hooker's headquarters, w'hich had been moved a mile or two back beyond the 
 range of the enemy's fire, the headquarters consisting of a wagon converted into 
 a tent. General Hooker, when the detail reported, was pacing the ground in 
 front of his tent in deep thought. He was evidently very weak and fatigued, 
 for suddenly turning from his w-alk he entered his tent and wrapped himself in 
 blankets. The detail from the Regiment, in connection with those from other 
 regiments, in all aggregating a thousand men, was put to work constructing an 
 immense line of fortifications under the direct charge of General G. K. W^arren, 
 Chief of Engineers. The work w'as difficult at best, but was increased by heavy 
 rains, which made the ground soft and muddy, and the men were kept hard at 
 work. Here an incident occurred w-hich many who served on this detail will 
 recall. General \\'arren, in charge of the construction of these works, noticing 
 that some of the men and boys detailed were inexperienced in such work, and 
 unfamiliar with the spade and tools, in a most kindly manner got down into the 
 trenches personally, and aftectionately. as if he were a brother of the soldiers, 
 took shovels and picks from their hands and showed them the knack and skillful 
 Avay to use the same in throwing up earth. 
 
 The General, in thus educating the men in the use of the tools, must have 
 
140 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 gone along that entire line and thrown up perhaps a couple of hundred spadefuls 
 of earth. This event was the first introduction of General Warren to the 
 members of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, and, in fact, to 
 Huni])hreys' Division. At first so modest was he and kindly in his action that no 
 one suspected him of holding the rank of Brigadier-General, as he had no sword 
 or epaulettes or style indicating his rank. Being intent on the work before him, 
 he had no time for such ornaments. This work, however, was all in vain, as 
 during the night Hooker's disability continuing, and no one superseding him or 
 assuming the responsibility, there was no alternative but to abandon the action, 
 and retreat across the Rappahannock. This was rendered the more necessary as 
 the river was rising and the pontoons were in danger of being swept away, and 
 there would then have been no way of supplying the army had it decided to 
 remain on the south side of the Rappahannock. 
 
 Humphreys' Division was again honored by being made the rear guard to 
 cover the retreat of the army across the Rappahannock, as it had across the same 
 stream under Burnside in the previous December. The Army of the Potomac, 
 as already intimated from this account, had been evidently not defeated, because 
 not more than one-third of it had been actually engaged in the battle. The 
 allegation was made at that time that General Hooker's incapacity to command 
 his army at Chancellorsville arose from intoxication. The men of Humphrevs' 
 Division who saw him on that occasion until disabled by the injuries at the 
 White House are living witnesses to the injustice of this charge against General 
 Hooker. His strategic ability displayed in reaching the battle-field at Chancellors- 
 ville so promptly with nearly one hundred and twentj'-five thousand troops and 
 springing a surprise on Lee is itself a tribute to his character and refutes the 
 charge that he had been drinking or exhibited any evidence of it to the observer. 
 
 L^p to Chancellorsville the rapid movements of so large an army and the 
 la^nng of pontoons crossing streams with such celerity and concealment from the 
 enemy, was unprecedented, and stamped Hooker as a General of exceptional 
 ability in the matter of prompt and successful movement of large armies, however 
 unfortunate it was that his injuries disabled him and prevented his successful 
 execution of plans to engage the enemy at Chancellorsville. 
 
 MOVE.MENTS OF OnE HuNDKELI .VND FlFTV-FIFTH. 
 
 While the (Jne Hundred and l^'ifty-fifth was, as the foregoing itinerary of 
 the Regiment's participation in the Chancellorsville campaign shows it to have 
 been, under fire at several difi^erent places, both on the reserve firing line as 
 well as on picket and rallying to check the disaster to the Eleventh Corps, very 
 fortunately the casualties were comparatively slight. This was due to the fact 
 that none of the regiments of the Fifth Corps was called upon to make assaults 
 or charges upon the enemy's lines, although " sleeping upon their arms " and 
 ready at all times to do so. 
 
 In the advance and deploy of tlie (Jne Hundred and Fifty-fifth and One 
 Hundred and Thirty-first into the woods, as already mentioned, near the Chan- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 141 
 
 cellor House, these two regiments were used as a decoy to draw the enemy 
 from his works in pursuit, so that the assembled fifty-four pieces of artillery 
 under Captain Weed, U. S. A., could be used on the pursuers, hence but little 
 loss was sustained. Adjutant P. S. Noon, of the One Hundred and Thirty-first, 
 was killed in this advance in the woods. He was a most popular and gallant 
 officer, having made many friends in the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. He 
 was a practicing attorney and a resident of Ebensburg. Cambria County, Pa. 
 
 ^lany pickets and guards of the Union army on duty were abandoned at 
 their posts lest their earlier withdrawal might be discovered by the enemy, and 
 the retreat which General Hooker was anxious to conceal made known to the 
 Confederates. 
 
 The one hundred men of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, as already 
 described as detailed to construct earthworks, received no notice of the intended 
 retreat of the ami}' until midnight, when they by mere accident discovered the 
 passing of the colunms of the First and the Second Corps troops in full retreat 
 for the United States Ford pontoons, with wagon trains hurrying to the same 
 destination. Lieutenant Wells, in charge of the details, on making this discovery, 
 hurried back to where Privates O'Neil, Jones, Walters, Hays, Morgan and others 
 were sleeping. He hurriedly aroused the men barely in time to cross the Rappa- 
 hannock with the last troops crossing on the pontoons. Just about daylight the 
 last of the L'nion army reached the north shore ; but not until the enemy had been 
 aroused and fired some shells across the Rappahannock, with no other result, 
 however, than to hurry up the retreat. 
 
 < -\PJ 
 
 1 
 
142 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Chapter VII. 
 
 RETURN TO CAMP HUMPHREYS.— FORCED MARCHES. 
 
 Troops Regain Their Old Camps. — Expiration of Term of Service of 
 Nine-months' Regiments. — One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and Ninety- 
 first Pennsylvania Volunteers Assigned to Third Brigade, Sykes' Second 
 Division, Fifth Army Corps. — Camp Humphreys Abandoned. — Colonel E. 
 J. Allen Returns to Regiment. — Army of Potomac Breaks Camp and 
 Marches in Direction of Washington City. — Passes Over Battlefields of 
 Previous Year. — Depressing Sights and Scenes. — Great Fatigue of 
 Troops. — Fifth Corps Remains Week Near Aldie, Loudoun County, Va., 
 in Support of Cavalry Protecting Wagon Trains. — Fifth Corps Resumes 
 Forced Marching. — Physical Exhaustion of Men. — Hanging of "Spy" 
 Richardson. — General Meade Succeeds General Hooker in Command of 
 Army of Potomac. — General George Sykes Commands Fifth Army Corps. — 
 General Ayres Succeeds to Command of Sykes' Division. — General Weed 
 Commands Third Brigade. — Sykes' Division on Pennsylvania Soil. — Re- 
 newed Martial Spirit Awakened in Troops. — Sunstroke and Blistered 
 Feet. — Cavalry Engagement Near Hanover, Pa. — Forced March of Regi- 
 ment Until Midnight of July 1st. — Sounds of Heavy Cannonading. 
 
 |N MAY 6th, 1863, Humphreys' Division took up its hue of return 
 march, which occupied all day, over muddy roads and in rainy, 
 foggy weather, back to Camp Humphreys, the point from which 
 they had started for Chancellorsville with such bright hopes and 
 expectations of victory one short week before. The L'nion army 
 was not demoralized, although somewhat disappointed, as but a fraction of it 
 had been engaged. In regaining their old camps, the entertainments, drills, picket 
 and guard duties, and also the amusements which had marked the camp all the 
 previous winter, were soon resumed. 
 
 The relations existing between the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and the 
 One Hundred and Twenty-third Pennsylvania Regiment, on the marches to 
 Antietam and to Falmouth, and in the Division camps at Falmouth and also in 
 Camp Humphreys, were most friendly and intimate. The companies of the 
 regiments, being mostly from Allegheny county, had strong ties of friendship 
 as schoolmates and neighbors before enlisting. Colonel Clark, commander of 
 the One Hundred and Twenty-third, was a brave soldier, who received from the 
 dashing General Humphreys, the Division commander, the great compliment on 
 the battlefield of Fredericksburg, where the regiment participated in the bloody 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 143 
 
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144 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 charge on Marj-e's Heights, that. " after all, the Preacher-Colonel would fight." 
 The earnest and intense language used by the Division General in compliment to 
 Reverend Colonel Clark was emphasized with profanity, which the reverend 
 Colonel, under other circumstances, would undoubtedly have reproved. 
 
 Humphreys' Division Disbanded. — Regiments Dep.\rt for Home. 
 
 The One Hundred and Thirty- fourth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 Colonel Edward O'Brien commanding, a native Pittsburger and a veteran of 
 the Mexican War, was from Beaver and Lawrence counties, and had many 
 warm friends — schoolmates and old neighbors — in tlie One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth. Both the One Hundred and Twenty-third and the One Hundred 
 and Thirty-fourth Pennsylvania Regiments lost, as shown by the official reports, 
 due to their exposed position, almost twice the number killed and wounded as 
 the casualty returns show that any other regiment sustained in that dreadful 
 action. These regiments, with this excellent record of officers and men, had 
 enlisted for the term of nine months, which was to expire on May 9th. It was 
 a source of sadness to .some of the homesick comrades of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth who had enlisted for three years' service to hear in Camp 
 Humphreys each sunset, for thirty days before the term of the One Hundred 
 and Twenty-third and other nine-months' troops expired, their demonstrative 
 cheering that another day had expired, and that home and friends were accord- 
 ingly so much nearer to their view. 
 
 On May 8th, an equally solemn duty was assigned to those of the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment who were homesick, namely, to escort Colonel 
 Clark's regiment of Humphreys' Division to the railroad station on their 
 way home. Homesickness was much aggravated by the circulation of reports 
 invented by the active minds of the Ananias clubs which abounded in every 
 regiment in camp. 
 
 It was gravely asserted that an egregious blunder had been made by the War 
 Department in mustering the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment into the 
 United States service as a three-years' instead of a nine-months' term regiment. 
 These veracious reporters asserted that the entire Cabinet of the President were 
 excited over the startling discovery, and that there was no possible way out of 
 this dilemma except promptly to discharge the Regiment as a nine-months 
 organization. In consequence of these persistent reports, therefore, continuing 
 until almost the night before the nine-months' regiments were to depart from 
 Camp Humphreys, the boys of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth cherished the 
 delusion of accompanying the other Pittsburg regiments that had enlisted for 
 nine months and being mustered out with them in Pittsburg. The wish being 
 father to this thought among the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, it may be well 
 understood that sorrow and sadness prevailed, after their feelings had been so 
 wrought up, when they were ordered to fall into line with their bands to escort 
 the nine-months' regiments from Camp Humphreys to Stoneman's Station, there 
 to entrain via Washington for Pittsburg. The disappointment to friends and 
 sweethearts at home, to whom these members of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 
SYKES' AND AYRES' DIVISION FLAG, 
 May 16, 1863. to March 24, 1864. 
 
THE MAX WITH THE MUSKET. 
 
 i knew him ! By all tliat is no))le. 1 knew 
 
 This commonplace hero I name ! 
 I've camped with him, marched with him, fought with him, too, 
 
 In the swirl ui the tierce battle-flame! 
 Laitghed with him. cried with him. taken a part 
 
 Of his canteen and hlanket, and known 
 That the throb of this chivalrous prairie boy's heart 
 
 Was an answering -troke of my own. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 145 
 
 (fifth had given the most positive assurances that the Regiment would be dis- 
 charged as a nine-months' regiment, must have also been harrowing. 
 
 A practical joke was played on General Humphreys, the Division com- 
 mander, by some mischievous devils of the nine-months' troops, who, the night 
 before the disbandment of the Division and their homeward march, gathered up 
 all their cartridges, and with the powder from the same laid a mine leading to 
 •General Humphreys" tent. This they ignited by a slow match, thus giving them 
 time to escape before its explosion. The detonation caused a great excitement 
 and a scattering of tin cans and bottles in the vicinity of the distinguished 
 General's headquarters. The irascible General, thus aroused from his slumbers, 
 ■called the provost guard and made an awful commotion in the camp, almost as 
 much so as if the enemy had broken through. It was generally supposed that if 
 the General had possessed power, instead of deploying the peaceful One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth — a three-years' regiment — to escort the nine-months' troops to 
 the station the next morning, he would have enjoyed assigning that Regiment to 
 the duty of shooting a couple of battalions of the nine-months' regiments of his 
 late command for their terrible act of insubordination and violation of the rules 
 and regulations and articles of war so dear to one so rigid in the enforcement 
 of the same as was the General of the division being thus disbanded. 
 
 On the morning of the Sth of May, the whole of Allabach's Brigade was 
 ■drawn up in line in Camp Humphreys to bid farewell to the nine-months' regi- 
 ments on their departure. Cheers were given and farewells were spoken. The 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was detailed to escort them to the station. This 
 incident is also perpetuated in this history by a sketch made at the time by the 
 Regimental artist. 
 
 The disbandment of Humphreys' Division left General Humphreys without 
 a command. He was soon assigned to the command of a division in the Third 
 Corps under General Sickles, and at Gettysburg won great renown in the engage- 
 ment in the Peach Orchard. He was promoted by General Meade before leaving 
 the battlefield of Gettysburg to the position of Chief-of-Staff of the Army of the 
 Potomac. This position he filled with great ability under Meade and Grant until 
 the fall of 1864, when he was promoted to the command of the Second Corps. 
 
 Regiment Transferred to Sykes' Division. 
 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and the Ninety-first Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers, the remaining Regiments of Humphreys' Division, were assigned to the 
 Third Brigade of General Sykes' Second Division of the Fifth Army Corps. 
 Colonel Patrick H. O'Rorke, of the One Hundred and Fortieth New York, was 
 in command of this Brigade. The other two brigades of Sykes' Division were 
 United States Regulars, for whom and for their fighting qualities the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth soon learned to have the highest regard and 
 admiration. 
 
 On the departure of the nine-months' troops. Camp Humphreys, with its 
 memories and associations, was abandoned, and the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 and the Ninety-first Pennsylvania became residents of Camp Sykes, near United 
 
146 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 States Ford, on the Rappahannock, spending several weeks in it. On June 3, 
 1863, this camp was broken up and the Regiment marched to the United States 
 Ford, where it settled down to an idle camp life again. There was no drilling 
 or roll calls or any routine of that kind in this camp, owing to the close 
 proximity of the Regiment to the enemy immediately opposite on the Rappa- 
 hannock. Conversation with the enemy, exchanges of newspapers and tobacco, 
 floating of little paper boats across the stream, and many other civilities were 
 daily exchanged with Confederates during the stay at this point. The particular 
 detail of Confederates thus so courteous and considerate to the Union troops 
 belonged to Phillips' Legion of General J. E. B. Stuart's Cavalry, who were 
 principally Virginians. 
 
 On Friday, June 5th, firing was heard in the direction of Fredericksburg, 
 and on the 6th further firing was heard. Apparently, Hooker was testing, or, 
 to use a military phrase, " feeling the enemy." 
 
 In this camp at I'nited States Ford, Colonel E. Jay Allen returned from 
 sick leave to the Regiment, having been detained at his home in Pittsburg for 
 some months by severe sickness. The officers and men of the Regiment, however, 
 were delighted to welcome the popular Colonel and many called at his tent to pay 
 their respects. Major A. L. Pearson also returned at the same time from a 
 brief leave of absence. Colonel Allen brought reports in circulation in Washington 
 that the LTnion army was about to resume operations across the Rappahannock. 
 
 Colonel Allen's appearance, on returning, indicated that he was still far from 
 having recovered. The six weeks' confinement to bed and his room at home was 
 undoubtedly compulsory and benefited him, so that on the first sign of sufficient 
 convalescence he determined to disobey his physician's orders and disregard his 
 familv's protests against his return to the Regiment. The possibility of an in- 
 vasion of Pennsylvania by the Confederates detennined him to join the Regiment 
 at once wherever located. But his condition of health on reaching camp was not 
 sufficiently improved to permit his relieving Lieutenant-Colonel Cain in command 
 of the Regiment. Colonel Allen, however, hoping to further improve under care 
 of the Regimental surgeons, continued with the Regiment in camp and on the 
 forced marches following. 
 
 Marching Orders. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel John H. Cain, in command of the Regiment, had read 
 the " marching orders " at dress-parade on Sunday, June 7, 1863. The Regiment 
 was kept on the anxious bench as to the time of moving until Saturday, June 13, 
 in the meantime continuing the picket duty on the Rappahannock. On this date, 
 while the Regiment was being inspected, orders were received to move at eight 
 o'clock that night and requiring the men to pack up right away and be ready to 
 move. The camp was accordingly broken at that hour in the midst of a heavy 
 thunderstorm, the vivid lightning brightly illuminating the darkness of the 
 roads over which this remarkable forced night-march was being made. At mid- 
 night the column reached Hartwood Church, a well-known point, where the 
 troops bivouacked. 
 
L'NDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 147 
 
 Sunday, June 14th, 1863, as early as five o'clock in the morning, the march 
 was resumed in the direction of Washington City, and instead of mud causing 
 annoyance this day the roads were dusty and the heat occasioned much sufifering. 
 Continuously marching till night brought Sykes' Division, in which the Regiment 
 was serving, a distance of twenty miles, near to Catlett's Station, on the Orange 
 & Alexandria Railroad, still on the march towards Washington. The heat was 
 so great and the sun so strong that on this day's forced march ambulances follow- 
 ing the troops were frequently filled with sufferers from sunstroke and exhaus- 
 tion from heat, many dropping from the ranks. 
 
 June 15, 1863, marched early from Centreville, the vicinity of the first and 
 second battlefields of Bull Run, covering twenty miles in the march. It was a 
 most fatiguing march owing to the great heat, causing the prostration of many 
 in the ranks. On this march, the Regiment passed Bristoe Station, celebrated 
 as the point where Generals Hooker and Kearney had engaged the enemy one 
 year previous. During this day's march many graves of soldiers of the Union 
 army who had fallen in action the preceding year were visible. Many of the 
 graves were unmarked and all seemed neglected, the weather and rains having 
 frequently washed away the mounds, leaving the bleached bones of the slain ex- 
 posed, certainly not a cheerful or encouraging sight to behold. The column 
 crossed Kettle Run, continuing along the line of the Orange & Alexandria Rail- 
 road, passing by Manassas Junction and joining the remainder of the Fifth Corps 
 in camp on the plains of Manassas, the identical Bull Run battlefield of 1861. 
 Through the intense and debilitating heat of this day the Regiment marched 
 twenty miles. Many more of the men in the marching column being prostrated 
 were obliged to be placed in ambulances. An engagement was deemed highly 
 probable at this halt, and General Griffin, commanding the First Division in the 
 advance, placed artillery in position to protect the point occupied by the Fifth 
 Corps, and Griffin's entire division was formed in line of battle. 
 
 Tuesday, June 16, found the entire troops of the Fifth Corps halted and 
 resting at Manassas. More graves — this time of Confederate soldiers killed in 
 the first battle of Bull Run — could be seen here. Only one headstone could be 
 seen, and the inscription upon it was: "Here lies the remains of George W. 
 Scovill, Private, Fifty-second Georgia Volvmteers, aged twenty-one years, who 
 died for his country, July 21, 1861." 
 
 The ground where these Confederates were buried seemed well tramped 
 over and neglected, and the place was well supplied with the remains of old 
 Confederate forts, which had been constructed during the first year of the war. 
 
 Wednesday, June 17, reveille sounded early in the morning and marching 
 was resumed by the Regiment at daylight. The weather had become cooler, 
 although the roads marched over were still very dusty. The column marched 
 through the village of Centreville at six o'clock, having passed the famous stream 
 of Bull Run, a few miles back. This village appeared to be a well-fortified place, 
 the surrounding fortifications obscuring the village. 
 
 After an hour's halt at Centreville, brisk marching was resumed for the 
 remainder of the day. Many of the boys of the command were so fatigued and 
 broken down by the continuous and rapid marching, and their eagerness to keep 
 
148 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 149 
 
 up with their companies, that teamsters and wagoners often came to their reHef 
 and favored them by permitting them to throw their knapsacks and guns into the 
 wagons, which they could again get at the end of the day's march in the park 
 of the wagon trains. During the march this day, the Regiment also passed near 
 Chantilly. made famous as the site where, the previous September, General Phil 
 Kearney, serving in Pope's army, lost his life whilst reconnoitering in advance 
 of his command. 
 
 The column camped this night near Goose Creek, four miles from Aldie, 
 Loudoun County, Virginia, and remained there until June 36, about a week. 
 
 The entire Fifth Corps remained encamped at this point, as a support to 
 Pleasanton's Cavalry, which was protecting the large wagon trains of the x^rmy 
 of the Potomac from the raids of the enemy. The cavalry had very severe 
 fighting at Aldie and also at Upperville, and Sykes' Division of infantry was 
 called upon several times and the Regiment was drawn up in line of battle, but 
 the cavalry under General Pleasanton was so well handled as not to need the 
 active assistance of the infantry-. The picketing in the camp was most enjoyable, 
 as the Regiment was located on the Catoctin mountains, and had " lookout 
 points " and signal stations communicating with all portions of the army. Every 
 day of the sojourn in this camp, there was more or less, fighting, confined, 
 however, wholly to the cavalry and artillery because of the fact that it was 
 Stuart's cavalry which was harrassing and annoying the immense army trains 
 accompanying the Army of the Potomac. 
 
 Gexeral S. H. Weed Assumes Comm.\nd of Brigade. 
 
 Brigadier-General Stephen H. Weed, lately appointed commander of the 
 brigade in which the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment was serving, arrived 
 in this camp and relieved Colonel P. H. O'Rorke, who, up to this time, was 
 acting Brigadier in command of the brigade. This camp was but ten miles from 
 Leesburg, the county seat of Loudoun county. The picket guards in this camp 
 were located in pleasant places; the cherries were plentiful and just ripe, 
 and the farmers in the neighborhood were kind and obliging, although they 
 acknowledged themselves " secesh." Being treated well and protected by the 
 Regiment on picket, they reciprocated ever)- way possible the courteous treatment 
 accorded them by the pickets. 
 
 On one occasion (jeneral Pleasanton roile by the place where the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth was stationed, with angered brow- and stopped the 
 retreating cavalry, ordering them to " About Face ! " The One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania and the One Hundred and Forty-sixth New York stood 
 ready to support this retreating cavalry, but under General Pleasanton's leader- 
 ship the cavalry so rallied as to make the line of battle of infantry do nothing but 
 await the orders to advance, w-hich never came. 
 
 During the brief ten-days' sojourn m this camp, streets w-ere laid out in 
 regular style and the comforts of camp tents, etc., enjoyed. Spare time was 
 devoted to drilling and short summer excursions ; and, barring the recollection of 
 
150 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 a most awful water-spout and rain which dehiged the camp, the memories of 
 the Hfe in this bivouac were all of tiie most pleasant character. 
 
 Forced Marches to Gettysburg. 
 
 On June 26, 1863, at daylight, this pleasant encampment was broken up 
 and forced marching was resumed by the entire Corps, which again forded the 
 celebrated Goose Creek — without doubt the crookedest stream in the world. At 
 a temporary halt in the road this day. General Meade, the Corps commander, 
 together with Generals Sykes, Ayers and Weed, appeared and seemed to be in 
 earnest consultation. The Corps reached the town of Leesburg about noon, 
 which appeared to be a neat and clean place. This day it was learned from the 
 inhabitants of Leesburg that General Lee's army was already in Pennsylvania, 
 and, as an inhabitant of the town remarked, " they would give the people an idea 
 of war and the way old Virginia was being treated." 
 
 On June 36, 1863, the column marched at three o'clock .\. m. and at noon was 
 at Leesburg. After a delay of an hour or two, the Regiment resumed the march 
 and, passing Ball's Bluff, crossed the Potomac on pontoons at Edward's Ferry. 
 At this period, the Regiment felt very much like encamping, and certainly ex- 
 pected to do so, but the march continued and the column marched seven miles into 
 Maryland and finally encamped at Poolsville. The distance accomplished by the 
 Regiment in this day's forced march was from thirty to thirty-five miles, and 
 was without doubt the most severe ever experienced up to that date by the 
 Regiment. Many were stragglers from absolute physical exhaustion, and at the 
 roll-call and distribution of rations at the camp at the end of the day's march 
 but few responded. The missing of roll-call to the wearied straggler annoyed 
 him but little, but the issue of rations missed by him added hunger to his 
 already multiplied woes and had a depressing effect upon his spirits. 
 
 June 27, 1863. After the unusually hard march of the previous day, the 
 Regiment again moved and marched all day to within a few miles of Frederick 
 City, having forded the Monacacy. The valley of the Potomac to that point was 
 in vivid contrast to the sandy plains and untilled fields of the Old Dominion, 
 over which the Army of the Potomac had operated. The beautiful fields of 
 golden grain almost ready for the reaper, and the well-laden cherry trees, ripe 
 and ready for the consumer, attracted the attention of all. 
 
 ExECUTiox OF " Spy " Richardsox. 
 
 Near the end of this day's march b\' the various corps of the Army of the 
 Potomac en route for Frederick a grewsome sight was presented on a road in the 
 suburbs of Frederick. The cavalry had captured on the march a man in citi- 
 zen's clothes who had been a camp follower in the corps of Hooker's army 
 during the winter quarters in Virginia, having secured a permit to sell stationery, 
 pens and ink, song books and newspapers. No one ever suspected his loyalty 
 or that he might be a Confederate spy. He was well known to the One Hundred 
 and Fifth-fifth by his frequent visits to Camp Humphreys, where, during the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 151 
 
 winter he peddled his goods. He was a cheerful, lively individual, past middle- 
 age, and had a refrain which he frequently shouted to the amusement of the 
 soldiers in response to their bidding him " good-morning " or asking him the 
 condition of his health, etc., to which he always made reply that with him " every- 
 thing is lovely and the goose hangs high." The story of his subsequent capture 
 on the march to Frederick was that the cavalry guards detained him, and finally, 
 not satisfied with his explanation or references, searched him and found concealed 
 on his person papers with details of the various army corps under Hooker and 
 of their estimated strength. A drum-head court-martial was convened at night 
 during a halt on the march, and on a hearing he was adjudged to be a spy and 
 ordered to be hung at daylight. The individual was ever afterwards known as 
 " Spy " Richardson. A placard with that inscription was tied around his body by 
 the cavalry. Many of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth in passing recognized the 
 features and the dress of " Spy " Richardson as that of the old stationery 
 peddler, their frequent visitor in Camp Humphreys, who invariably wore a linen 
 duster in all kinds of weather. 
 
 Gener.'M. Meade's Appointment to Command. 
 
 Sunday, June 28, ISfiS. The Regiment remained this day in camp, at 
 Frederick, enjoying a well-needed rest. General Hooker, it was here learned, 
 had been relieved from the command of the Army of the Potomac the night 
 before by the acceptance of his resignation. General Meade, commander of the 
 Fifth Corps, his successor, was roused from midnight sleep by a special messenger 
 from Washington, assigning him to the command of the Army of the Potomac, 
 this being his first intimation of the appointment. General Meade afterwards 
 remarked that, when so summarily roused by the messenger from the War 
 Department, instead of expecting the appointment to succeed Hooker, he feared 
 that probably the message contained an order for his arrest or removal on un- 
 founded charges. General Hooker's resignation was occasioned through a 
 quarrel with General Halleck, the General-in-Chief, who refused to comply with 
 Hooker's urgent request that the twelve thousand Union troops at Harper's 
 Ferry should be sent to join the Army of the Potomac in the coming battle of 
 Gettysburg. 
 
 The first order General Meade issued on assuming command of the army 
 was to direct that the troops under General French at Harper's Ferry should 
 immediately join his army. General Meade's distinguished services under 
 Generals McClellan, Burnside and Hooker made his appointment peculiarly 
 welcome and gratifying not only to the people of the country, but more especially 
 to the Army of the Potomac. The Fifth Army Corps was particularly elated 
 that their General should be selected for the high command. The change placed 
 General George Sykes in command of the Fifth Corps and General Romeyn B. 
 Ayres succeeded to the command of Sykes' Division. General Stephen H. 
 Weed became commander of the Brigade in which the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth was serving. General Meade, on accepting the command of the army, 
 continued for the present all of General Hooker's stafif officers. 
 
153 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 MAJ.-GEN. GEORGE G. MEADE. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 153 
 
 Monday, June 29, 18G3, General Meade, because of the enemy's operations in 
 Pennsylvania and the panic prevailing there, did not tarry at Frederick, but 
 pushed on for Pennsylvania at once to overtake the enemy, reaching on the first 
 day's march a place called Liberty, a small village on the road leading to 
 Pennsylvania. Many of the Regiment, as a result of the severe forced marching 
 and wading the streams, suffered from sore feet and could not wear shoes. As a 
 general rule, the pluck and desire of the troops to participate in the impending 
 tattle sustained them and enabled them to keep up on the trying marches. 
 
 Tuesday, June oil. 18(i3. Marching was resumed at an early hour, passing 
 along the road from Liberty through the village of Union Mills to Frizzleburg. 
 More beautiful country, with more grain ripe and ready for the harvest, heavily 
 burdened trees of ripe cherries and fields of growing corn, unusually large red 
 barns, and general appearances of contentment and comfortable rural life, were 
 visible on the da\'s march. A memorable scene which impressed all the 
 soldiers and cheered them as they marched along, footsore and weary, took 
 place at Frizzleburg, Md. On the steps of the public school building were 
 grouped a hundred children with flags in their hands, singing the " Star- Spangled 
 Banner " and other loyal songs as the marching columns passed along. Marching 
 still farther, as the Regiment advanced in towards the Pennsylvania line, the 
 €nterprising inhabitants prepared bread, pies and cakes and also milk in bottles 
 for sale at moderate prices to the soldiers as they passed. That any charge 
 whatever was made by these thrifty farmers was very disappointing to the over- 
 marched soldiers hastening to save Pennsylvania from the invasion of the 
 Confederate army. At the end of a twenty-eight-mile march, the Regiment 
 •camped this night close to the Pennsylvania line. The severe strain of these 
 marches on the most stalwart soldier often caused blistered feet, which retarded 
 progress. The Captain of a company often, on the recommendation of the Sur- 
 ;geon of the Regiment, certified that the private soldier suffering from sore feet 
 should be excused from duty and e.xempt from arrest by the provost guards 
 following the army. One such pass to an afilicted comrade would be copied 
 several times, signature and all. by sympathizing comrades and distributed to 
 ■messmates, who, although similarly suffering, had not been fortunate enough to 
 ■secure original passes. These copies so made in most cases passed the inspec- 
 tion of the provost guard as well as did the genuine passes. At the end of this 
 ■day's march the usual sixty-day muster for the pay-rolls was made, the com- 
 panies averaging only thirty muskets present in the ranks. 
 
 Pennsylvania Reserves Join the Fifth Corps. 
 
 On the night of the 30th of June, 1863, the Fifth Corps marched until near 
 ■midnight. The Corps was joined on the march by the Division of the Pennsyl- 
 vania Reserves, under command of General S. W. Crawford. They were trained 
 veteran regiments, which had been resting and recruiting their ranks for some 
 months in the defenses of Washington, and to-day overtook the Fifth Corps in 
 
154 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 which they had previously so long served. A number of these companies and 
 regiments had been recruited in Pittsburg. The meeting of old friends by their 
 comrades in the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth en route was cordial and most 
 welcome. At many points on the march these reinforcements, rallying to the 
 defense of their native State, elicited loud cheers and enthusiastic demonstra- 
 tions. With the arrival of these troops also came the report, which was circulated 
 all along the line, that General McClellan had been restored to the command of 
 the Army of the Potomac and was on his way to join the army. General Mc- 
 Clellan's name and popularity on this report were also enthusiastically received ; 
 but, alas ! it was doomed to contradiction as a mere camp rumor, as developments 
 soon demonstrated. 
 
 On Pennsylv.ania Soil. 
 
 • Wednesday, July 1, 1863. General 
 Sykes' Division of the Fifth Corps, with 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, was up 
 early and started on the march soon after 
 daylight, and at the end of an hour's 
 travel the State line between Pennsyl- 
 vania and Maryland was reached. Strik- 
 ing Pennsylvania soil awakened a differ- 
 ent spirit, probably more natural than on 
 any previous campaigns, as the troops, 
 and particularly Pennsylvania regiments, 
 deemed the Confederate invasion an ag- 
 gravation of their offense in fighting the 
 flag of the Union. As a consequence, 
 despite the great fatigue from the forced 
 marches, loss of sleep and other priva- 
 tions, speaking for the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth men, it can be truly said 
 that on reaching the Keystone State 
 their determination to fight to the bitter 
 end was most marked, and no signs 
 of doubt of the result were visible any- 
 where in the ranks. Disappointment, however, was experienced on crossing 
 the State line that these feelings were not more cordially reciprocated by their 
 fellow Pennsylvanians in the persons of the first inhabitants of the State met by 
 the advancing columns of the Union army. So far from welcoming them, or 
 displaying any sense of gratitude to the men in the ranks ready to die in the 
 defense of the Union and of Pennsylvania, the first inhabitants, met by the 
 columns as they marched by, were engaged at the various roadsides selling fresh 
 milk in bottles to soldiers at ten cents a pint and fresh bread and cakes and pies 
 and buttermilk at proportionate prices. These mercenary people so engaged were 
 in many cases young athletic farmer boys, who, many soldiers thought, were 
 capable and should have been willing to take guns and to harrass the invading 
 
 MAJ.-GEN. S. W. CRAWFORD. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 155 
 
 columns of Lee, instead of turning the sad incident of the war to making money 
 from the unfortunate footsore and over-marched Union soldiers. 
 
 Many of the first inhabitants of Pennsylvania thus met by the Union 
 army also seemed densely ignorant about the war for the L'nion or anything 
 else. In the most unsophisticated manner, they protested against the action of 
 General Jenkins, the Confederate cavalry leader, who had passed through that 
 section a few days before, impressing cattle and horses for the use of his 
 command without asking or securing the consent of the rural owners of the same. 
 These injured citizens, in their complaint to Union soldiers following Jenkins' 
 operations, asserted that his treatment was incomprehensible to them, as they 
 were really his friends : that is, they had never done anything against the 
 Confederates to justify such discourteous treatment. Jenkins, they said, had 
 given in exchange for their fine horses he had carried off the broken-down and 
 jaded beasts of the Confederate riders, which these farmers said were not worth 
 their feeding. Not a few of the soldiers, and among them a number of the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, thought it but fair to patronize these milk and pie 
 vendors, the able-bodied young farmers and their wives, all apparently living in 
 affluence, judging by the size of their great barns and fine dwellings, so they 
 ordered canteens of milk and fine rolls of butter in the most lavish manner, 
 caring nothing for expense. \Mien their orders were filled, these soldiers found 
 themselves in a very great hurry to rejoin their commands, being thus often 
 prevented from handing over the necessary change to the avaricious rustics. 
 The excited milk and pie vendors were, however, assured b}' the hungry soldiers 
 that the United States Government would cheerfully pay for the milk, pies, 
 bread, butter and other articles thus obtained. If any dispute arose about the 
 amounts to let the soldiers of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania 
 know, when thev would " O. K." their bills. 
 
 NfARIXG GETTVSr.L'RG. NiGHT MaRCHIXG. 
 
 The marching this day was brisk and the suffering of the men from heat 
 and blistered feet was great. About noon General Sykes' Division reached the 
 town of Hanover, York County, in the streets of which the day previous there 
 had been heavy skirmishing between the advance cavalry of both armies. Many 
 signs of the severity of this cavalry engagement were still visible. Dead horses 
 killed in the skirmishing with the enemy still lay on the streets. Several build- 
 ings bore the marks of artillery shots, while others presented evidences of the 
 shots of cavalry carbines. All the remainder of the day there could be heard in 
 advance cannonading, indicating that fighting had begun in earnest, and with 
 renewed vigor the marching from Hanover was resumed. A few miles beyond 
 the town orders were received just before sunset to go into camp and halt for 
 the night. This order was most welcome to the fatigued troops and a camp 
 bivouac on the hillside was promptly laid out in companies by each regiment. All 
 arrangements were made and expectations for at least receiving a much-needed 
 rest preparatory to which and an early retirement, the troops engaged in cooking 
 their coffee and other food for their evening meal. This plain repast had hardly 
 
156 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 been finished by all the regiments when a scene occurred which changed aU the 
 plans in the minds of the troops for a good night's rest and compelled the 
 immediate resumption of the forced march, lasting until midnight. The incident 
 alluded to consisted in Colonel P. H. O'Rorke, of the One Hundred and Fortieth 
 New York Volunteers, accompanied by a courier from General Hancock, riding 
 into the bivouac on the hillside. The courier and his horse, covered with foam, at- 
 tracted the attention of all in the temporar)' camp as he rode up with Colonel 
 O'Rorke and dismounted at General Sykes' headquarters. This courier was the 
 bearer of despatches, conveying the ominous news that the Union and the Confed- 
 erate armies had encountered each other outside of the town of Gettysburg and 
 had battled during the entire day ; that the Union advance under Generals Buford 
 and Reynolds had been repulsed and driven back to the town of Gettysburg; 
 that General Reynolds had been killed early in the battle : also that it was 
 absolutely necessary that the Fifth Corps troops should press on by a night 
 march to Gettysburg to hold the place, and the enemy in check. Within five 
 minutes from the delivery of this important message, the bugles of each brigade 
 and regiment sounded the orders to pack up, and in not over ten minutes each 
 regiment was in line to obey the orders. The sad news of the battle, the sounds 
 of the cannonading they had heard during the day and the disasters to the Union 
 arms reported by the courier's despatch to General Sykes became known with 
 but little delay to the troops, and worn out as they had been with the long 
 march of the day they cheerfully and promptly obeyed the orders requiring them 
 to fall in for the resumption of the march by night, not a man of the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth faltering. The march by slow and easy stages, thus 
 resumed, continued until midnight, passing through ^IcSherrytown and other 
 villages. Along the road this night the troops were treated well. The people 
 along the line of march distributed bread and pies freely to the troops. Along 
 the line of march, at the occasional short halts, the troops learned more particulars 
 of the death of General Reynolds in the advance encounter with the Confederate 
 forces. 
 
 On this night's march the objective was the town of Gettysburg, where the 
 fighting had taken place. The tired columns halted at one o'clock .\. m., 
 too fatigued for further marching, and orders were given for the troops to lie 
 down on the road itself instead of deploying into nearby fields. This was but a 
 temporary halt, and orders were issued that but three hours' sleep would be 
 allowed before marching was resumed. 
 
 " Fren'ch Le.we." — Prisoners Rele.xsed to E.vter the P>.\ttle. 
 
 .■\n episode worthy of mention occurred at the midnight halt, which concerns 
 three well-known comrades of Company D, all of whom have long since passed 
 away. Two of these comrades, \Mlliam Jones and Daniel Haney, were mere 
 boys in their 'teens, and, although fearless soldiers, they had become homesick 
 with the monotonous wearisome march through Maryland to Gettysburg, and 
 openly expressed their intention to take a " French leave " for their home in 
 Pittsburg as soon as they would strike the Pennsylvania line. The third one of 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 157 
 
 the trio was the redoubtable James Finnegan, of the same company, who, as he 
 had a wife and several children living within the borders of Pennsylvania, was 
 found in just the humor to pay a visit to the family with or without leave of his 
 superiors. The comrades named carried their threats into execution promptly 
 on crossing the State line by throwing away their guns and accoutrements, and 
 defying any one to stop them from leaving the ranks for their homes. Captain 
 Kilgore accepted the challenge and ordered the arrest of the three worthies for 
 insubordination, mutiny and attempted desertion, and placed guards around the 
 offending comrades. During the long forced marches the prisoners, relieved of 
 gun and accoutrements, had much the best of the guards escorting them — the 
 latter being weighted down with gun, bayonet and sixty rounds of cartridges. 
 At the midnight halt in the middle of the road, from the faithful ranks of those 
 who had trudged along the exhaustive lengthy day"s n.iarch, a detail of four 
 privates was ordered to report for the ignoble and disgusting duty of serving 
 as guards over the prostrate and sleeping forms of the three prisoners reposing 
 in a fence corner. At that hour and for that duty the wearied guards almost 
 mutinied. On reporting, it was found that Sergeant " Forty " Shawhan, of 
 Company I. was to be placed in charge of the important detail. He was impressed 
 with the absurdity of such duty over three prisoners who were too tired to 
 escape even if they desired to do so. The genial Sergeant, destined later to 
 fall in battle, directed the guards to follow his example by spreading their 
 ■' ponchos " on the ground and enjoy a good and badl}'-needed rest, sleeping until 
 called for duty. His example was followed, and neither guards nor prisoners 
 were disturbed or aroused until daylight, when the sound of distant artillery w-as 
 heard and the regiment was ordered to resume the march for Gettysburg, twelve 
 miles distant, the scene of the preceding day's battle. The charges and specifica- 
 tions against the three prisoners were promptly withdrawn, as they each demanded 
 release and privilege to go into the fight with their company, which they did, all 
 serving creditably. 
 
 Opening of Battle of Gf.ttysburg. 
 
 As is well-known, on the morning of July 1st, as the Confederate armies 
 were complying with the orders to concentrate at Gettysburg, their advanced 
 columns under General A. P. Hill, a short distaiice out of Gettysburg, encoun- 
 tered the advanced pickets and skimiishers of the Union cavalry under General 
 John Buford, whose men dismoimted, and in that capacity resisted and held back 
 for several hours the line of battle of the advancing Confederates. The skir- 
 mishing thus commenced opened the three days' battles of the contending armies 
 under Lee and Meade at Gettysburg, ending on the night of July 4th in the 
 complete retreat of the Confederate forces. This history is necessarily confined 
 to the movements and actions of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers in the campaign now under consideration. It becomes necessary, 
 however, for a proper understanding of the operations of the Regiment to em- 
 brace, at times, the itinerary and descriptions as well as the positions occupied 
 by the four regiments comprising Weed's Brigade and the two brigades of 
 Regulars associated as component parts of General Ayres' Division, all under 
 
158 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 command of General Sykes, of the Fifth Army Corps. This is now mentioned 
 to account for the fact that space in this vohime would not permit an adequate or 
 full description of the three great battles fought on July 1st, July 2d and July 3rd, 
 respectively, at Gettysburg, and the fourth great battle fought by the cavalry of 
 both armies, which in itself was conceded to be the greatest cavalry engagement 
 of the war. 
 
 The reader is referred to the admirable work of the Comte de Paris, occupy- 
 ing an entire volume, devoted to a description of the great battle of Gettysburg, 
 including the great cavalry encounter, which is considered to be a most ac- 
 curate and thorough description of the operations at Gettysburg of the various 
 corps of both the Union and the Confederate armies. The Comte de Paris, a 
 graduate of the great French military college, St. Cyr., the West Point of France, 
 was permitted by the French government to accept service during the Civil War 
 in the United States army. \\'ith his brother, the Duke de Joinville, he rendered 
 efficient service in the Peninsular campaign, participating in all the severe actions 
 of that period — an experience especially qualifying him to describe military 
 operations. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 159 
 
 OS 
 E- 
 
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 a 
 
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 X 
 
160 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Chapter VIII. 
 
 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 
 
 Thursday, July 2, 1863, Near Gettysburg. — Fifth Corps Rests .\ Few 
 Hours in Position on Battlefield. — Toward Noon on Reserve Near Center 
 OF Army. — General Meade's Order Read to Army. — Sykes' Corps Changes 
 Position to Power's Hill. — Troops Rest and Sleep. — Amusement Indulged- 
 in Just Previous to the Great Battle. — Weed's Brig.\de Occupies Little 
 Round Top. — Desper.\te Fighting on Little Round Top. — Enemy Repulsed 
 BY Weed's Brigade. — Perfect Range of Enemy's Sh.arpshooters. — Bucktails' 
 AND Berdan's Sharpshooters. — Scores of De.ad Confederate Sharpshooters 
 Found in Rocks and Crevices of Devil's Den After the Battle. — Tremen- 
 dous Artillery Fire Against Little Round Top. — Grand Attacking Column- 
 Led BY General Hood. — ^Assaulting Column of Texan Troops. — Robertson's 
 Brigade of Texans Assault the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. — Colonel 
 Cain's Order to Regiment to Aim Low and Fire. — Pennsylvani.-\ Reserves 
 Advance and Clear the Slope of Confeder.\te Sharpshooters. — No Mid- 
 night Attack in Front of Little Round Top. — Fine View from Little 
 Round Top in Afternoon of 3d. — Pickett's Charge. 
 
 jHURSDAY. JULY -2(1, 1SG3, marked the opening of the Battle of 
 Gettysburg to the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania. At 
 four o'clock A. M. this day the troops of General Sykes' Fifth Corps 
 were aroused from their slumbers and resumed the march west- 
 ward, being welcomed along the road nearing Gettysburg by many 
 of the inhabitants, who freely distributed fresh bread, cakes, milk and other food 
 to the wornout soldiers and relieved the drooping spirits of the troops with 
 encouraging words as they passed. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth did not 
 fail to receive its full share of these good fanuers' provisions thus distributed by 
 their wives and families. The march continued until within two miles of the town 
 of Gettysburg, the vicinity of the battlefield of the day previous. 
 
 Fifth Corps Forms Reserve of Army. 
 
 The first position taken by the Fifth Corps was in the rear of the positions 
 held by Generals Hancock and Howard and the First Corps on the day previous. 
 From this, after a few hours' rest, towards noon, the position of the Fifth 
 Corps, aggregating about twenty thousand men, was changed so as to make it 
 the reserve corps of the army and placed near the center, ready in any emergency 
 when the enemv attacked, to be signalled or called to the relief of the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 161 
 
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 3 
 
 o 
 
 CQ 
 
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 H 
 
 H 
 W 
 O 
 
162 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 threatened quarter. While the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth halted here with the 
 other regiments of Weed's Brigade, the troops were massed in close column by 
 divisions, in the rear of the troops who were deployed in line of battle with 
 skirmishers advanced. The preparations all indicated the near proximity of 
 the enemy in force. Of course, at that time the geography of the battlefield 
 was entirely unknown to the men of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, but 
 from the knowledge they have gained since, the Regiment was to the right, or 
 eastward of Gulp's Hill. It was while waiting in that line of battle in reserve 
 that Colonel Cain, in obedience to orders received read to the Regiment in a 
 most impressive and significant manner a printed order from General Meade, 
 the new Commander of the Army of the Potomac, and indeed the same order 
 which is given below was read to every regiment in the Brigade. 
 
 " Headquarters Army of the Potomac, 
 
 "June 30th, 1863. 
 " The commanding General requests that, previous to the engagement soon 
 expected with the enemy, Corps and all other commanding officers address their 
 troops, explaining to them the immense issue involved in the struggle. The 
 enemy is on our soil. The whole country looks anxiously to this army to deliver 
 it from the presence of the foe. Our failure to do so will leave us no such 
 welcome as the swelling of millions of hearts with pride and joy at our success 
 would give to every soldier of the army. Homes, firesides and domestic altars are 
 involved. The army has fought well heretofore. It is believed that it will fight 
 more desperately and bravely than ever if it is addressed in fitting terms. 
 Corps and other commanders are authorized to order the instant death of any 
 soldier who fails to do his duty at this hour. 
 " By command of 
 
 " Major Gexeral Meade. 
 
 " S. Williams, 
 
 " Assistant Adjutant-General. 
 
 Colonel Cain, as required by this order, also addressed the Regiment in 
 earnest and convincing terms. The scene, action, and words were of intense 
 and dramatic interest. 
 
 So many of the comrades of each company of the Regiment, wornout and 
 exhausted by the march, had dropped out of the ranks that the companies as they 
 stood and listened to this order looked very small, not averaging more than 
 thirty men to each company. Solicitude was also felt by many anxious mess- 
 mates for comrades who had straggled without permits and who had not been 
 able to overtake the Regiment up to the reading of this drastic order. 
 
 Stragglers Nearly Miss the Battle. 
 
 On the forced marches to Gettysburg daily medical inspections of each 
 company was held immediately after roll call — the object being to examine the sick 
 and exhausted and to issue proper passes excusing from duty those unable to 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 163 
 
 niainlain place in the ranks. Whilst there ma}- have been some who desired these 
 excuses and were not anxious to participate in the impending battle, it is simple 
 justice to state that such cases were exceptional, as many instances of comrades 
 well entitled to be excused occurred where they persisted luider the greatest 
 difficulties in marching and keeping up with the company and participated in the 
 great battle. An instance illustrating this feeling, as also indicating how two 
 worthy comrades came near missing the battle of Gettysburg, occurred on the 
 morning of June 30th, 1803, the day before the opening of the battle. At the 
 morning roll-call and inspection a private appeared in ranks with his well-worn 
 shoes dangling from the muzzle of his musket instead of on his feet. It was 
 explained that his feet were too sore and blistered to allow him to wear his shoes 
 and that he contemplated going into battle barefooted. Assistant Surgeon 
 Wilson issued the usual " pass " excusing the private from duty and bespeaking 
 mercy in case he straggled and fell into the hands of the 
 inexorable detail of United States Regulars serving as 
 division Provost Guards. Soon after the march was 
 resumed this barefooted private kindly loaned his pass 
 to his two messmates, and at the first halt these comrades 
 made two copies of same, inserting, however, in each 
 their own names as beneficiaries. The private owning 
 the genuine pass stuck to the company and declined using 
 its privilege. His two messmates fell out of the ranks 
 early in the day and failed to report at the night's halt 
 or to be present at roll-call the next morning. The com- 
 pany became solicitous for the missing men who were 
 both known as ideal brave soldiers and fears were en- 
 tertained that they would be disgraced by absence with- 
 out leave in the impending battle. Just a half hour be- 
 fore the order issued to the Fifth Corps to " double 
 quick' " to the left of the battlefield to the relief of Gen- 
 eral Sickles in the Peach Orchard, the two tardy soldiers 
 were spied emerging from nearby woods and joined the 
 company in time for the battle. On reaching the summit 
 of Little Round Top one of these comrades, who was a 
 Color-Corporal, Thomas J. Tomer, fell badly wounded, 
 mates. Privates O'Neill and McKenna, came to his relief and helped him back a 
 few yards, where an immense boulder furnished him shelter until the stretcher- 
 bearers conveyed him to the nearest iield hospital. 
 
 His barefooted mess- 
 
 From reminiscences of the Gettysburg campaign, by General A. L. Pear- 
 son, published in the " Pittsburg Sunday Critic." July 20, 1880, the following 
 extracts are given of incidents occurring on the forced marches to Gettysburg, 
 in which further allusions are made to the incidents mentioned by Assistant 
 Surgeon Wilson : 
 
 " Early in the morning of July 1st, before resuming the forced march for 
 Gettysburg, Colonel Cain, commanding the Regiment, detailed me to conduct an 
 
1G4 
 
 UNDER THE ^lALTESE CROSS. 
 
 inspection of the men of the Regiment with the Assistant-Surgeons, Reed and 
 \\'ilson. and to order those found to be unfit to continue the marches to the hos- 
 pital ambulances in the rear. The inspection resulted in finding over fifty men 
 barefooted, unable to wear shoes, broken down, and too much exhausted to re- 
 sume marching. These men were ordered to report to the hospital ambulances. 
 Among those thus ordered out of the ranks and to the rear as unfit for duty, I 
 recall the names of Sergeant James A. McMillan, of Company B, the most stal- 
 wart man lA the command: also Sergeant William F. Collner, of Company G; 
 
 and Privates Noah H. Pangburn and 
 Charley McKenna, of Company E. 
 The forced marches and the streams they 
 had waded, the sand and pebbles getting 
 into their shoes, had so blistered and 
 bruised their feet as to prevent their 
 wearing their shoes. The men I have 
 iu>t named, with a number of others 
 whom I cannot recall, refused to obey 
 the orders to go to the rear to the hos- 
 pital ambulances, claiming that as they 
 were on Pennsylvania soil with an im- 
 pending battle so close, they would strug- 
 gle to remain with their companies and 
 do their best to keep up. Assistant- 
 .Surgeon Wilson thereupon prepared for- 
 mal passes which I countersigned, ex- 
 cusing each of the four'men named from 
 all duty, and authorizing them to fall out 
 of the ranks, with imnumity from arrest 
 by the Provost Guards. 
 
 " Collner, AIcKenna, and Pangburn. 
 each managed to reach the Regiment in 
 line of battle in time to participate in the 
 storming and capture of Little Round 
 Top. 
 
 " Sergeant McMillan's fate was pa- 
 thetic and extremely distressing. While 
 bravely following his comrades on this 
 day's forced march under the broiling 
 sun, he completely broke down and be- 
 came wholly unconscious, during which 
 he was conveyed by ambulance to a hos- 
 l^ital at Frederick. His case developed 
 into a severe attack of typhoid fever. 
 The battle of Gettysburg was over fully 
 six weeks before he was sufficiently re- 
 coLOR-coRP. THOMAS J. TOMER. stored to Understand how he had missed 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 165 
 
 the battle and came to be in a hospital ward. It was the only battle of the thirty- 
 two to the credit of the Regiment that he missed." 
 
 Sykes' Corps soon changed its position, and during the greater part of the 
 remainder of that day all the regiments composing it lay upon Power's Hill, 
 about a mile eastward from the spot where the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 monument now stands on Little Round Top. In this position the regiments were 
 permitted to rest and make up for the loss of sleep and fatigue of the night and 
 day before, although throughout the day the frec[uent sound of cannon firing 
 could be heard, which, however, seemed far away and did not disturb the 
 slumbers of the weary troops of the division. Indeed, as the afternoon wore 
 away and the men wakened and cooked their meals everywhere there was evident 
 the best of spirits and joviality, strangely in contrast with the harvest of sorrow 
 and death so soon to follow. Many of the survivors of the Regiment will recall 
 that the few hours immediately preceding the great battle on Little Round Top 
 were enlivened by the singing by officers and men of man}- of the favorite camp 
 songs and choruses, " Lorena," " The Virginia Lowlands," " Listen to the 
 Mocking Bird," etc., by many of the officers. Other amusements w-ere indulged 
 in and everywhere demonstrations of a cheerful character were visible during 
 the few hours resting in reserve. This was also particularly true of the camp 
 of the L'nited States Regulars of Ayres' Division, the immediate neighbors of 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. Discipline seemed to be relaxed to a great 
 extent. The fact that a battle was imminent appeared to have no disheartening 
 eflfect upon the lively spirits ever present in the veterans of the Regular army. 
 
 During this eventful rest opportunities to see more of the officers of the 
 brigade were afforded. Many of the men of the Third Brigade had not seen 
 General Stephen H. Weed, their new commander, until this occasion, as he had 
 only joined the marching column a few days before at Aldie. But he was seen 
 at this time in the day conversing and seemingly enjoying himself with Colonel 
 O'Rorke, of the One Hundred and Fortieth New York, his immediate predecessor 
 in command of the Brigade. Colonel O'Rorke seemed so ga)- and light-hearted 
 as he chanted familiar lines. In less than one hour after the pleasant social 
 intercourse of the gallant young officers named at this point of rest in bivouac 
 with their men, both lay dead amid the rocks of Little Round Top. both victims of 
 the unerring aim of the Confederate sharpshooters concealed in the Devil's Den. 
 
 The Capture of Little Round Top. 
 
 The last resting place of the troops on Powers' Hill was occupied until late 
 in the afternoon by Sykes' Fifth Corps. The artillery's lively play to the 
 westward was heard without disturbing the serenit}- of the troops, and, strange 
 to say, it seemed much more distant than it really was. The battle of the day 
 with Sykes' Corps had actually opened, and the entire Corps was soon set in 
 motion towards the high ground which could be seen to the westward, and 
 which, in fact, proved to be Little Round Top. The First Division of the Fifth 
 Corps, Brigadier-General Barnes commanding, and the Brigade of the United 
 
166 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 COL. PATRICK H. ORORKE. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 167 
 
 States Regulars, of Ayres' Division, preceded the advance of Weed's Brigade to 
 the left to the relief of General Sickles' Corps in its contest with Longstreet'? 
 columns. Sykes' Corps passed along the road crossing the ridge at the foot of 
 the northern extremity of Little Round Top. The two advanced brigades of 
 Sykes' Corps, under Colonels \'incent and Sweitzer, soon became engaged in the 
 furious battle at the farther side of Little Round Top. When Weed's Brigade 
 was marching across the ridge to join them and had about reached the point where 
 the railroad now crosses the roadway the missiles of the enemy screeching over 
 their heads, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and other regiments were halted and 
 ordered to load, which, when done, and before moving farther, an incident oc- 
 curred which changed the line of march of Weed's Brigade, and which proved 
 to be a most important factor in the result of that day's battle. 
 
 Early on the <;nd of July a signal station had been located, by the orders 
 of General Meade, on the summit of Little Round Top, then unoccupied by Union 
 troops, with instructions to signal operations of the enemy. 
 
 Just before the opening of the battle and the assault on Sickle's Corps in the 
 Peach Orchard by Longstreet's forces, General G. K. Warren, Chief Engineer 
 of General Aleade's army, visited Little Round Top with Captain W. A. Roeb- 
 ling, of his staff, and made observations with field glasses from the summit which 
 disclosed the movement of Longstreet's columns in the dense woods nearly op- 
 posite Little Round Top and, although the enemy was marching to avoid obser- 
 vations, the flashing of the bright steel guns and bayonets in the sunlight dis- 
 closed to Warren a strong column asserfibling opposite his position, being the 
 extreme left of the Union army. 
 
 General \\'arren at once promptly directed the signal corps detail to com- 
 municate his timely discovery of Longstreet's movement to General Meade, with 
 request that he order the Fifth Corps troops then in reserve to immediately ad- 
 vance to occupy Little Round Top and the other positions in its front to check 
 the movement of the enemy designed to flank or capture the position. The signal 
 detail immediately complied with \\'arren's order and General Meade ordered the 
 Fifth Corps from its reserve to at once advance at double-quick to the left, report 
 to General Warren, and occupy the positions in front of Little Round Top. and 
 also to occupy Little Round Top itself. 
 
 Warren and Signal Corps. 
 
 General Warren was wounded slightly in the neck whilst reconnoitering with 
 his staff on Round Top. He insisted on the detail of signal corps remaining in 
 position, waving their flags conspicuously so the enemy could see that the posi- 
 tion was occupied by L'nion forces, whilst he dashed down the rocks to intercept 
 Weed's Brigade to advance on Round Top. 
 
 Note. — Captain Roebling, the young officer above mentioned, subsequently 
 served until the close of the war as Engineer officer on the staff of Major-General 
 Warren, commanding Fifth Corps, being promoted to Colonel for gallant conduct. In 
 civil life he has attained national distinction as the engineer constructing the great 
 Brooklyn bridge. 
 
168 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 GENERAL WARREN ON LITTLE ROUND TOP. 
 
 Just at the time the com- 
 mand " Forward " \va> about to 
 be given. General (j. K. Warren, 
 Chief Engineer of the Army of 
 the Potomac, with Captain W. 
 A. Roebhng. a statt ofificer, rode 
 down towards the head of the 
 Cne Hundred and Fortieth New 
 York Regiment, of Weed's Bri- 
 gade, Irrm the direction of the 
 summit of Little Round Top. 
 His speed and manner indicated 
 unusual excitement. Before 
 reaching the One Hundred and 
 Fortieth New York Regiment, 
 which was bringing up the rear 
 of the brigade, he called to Col- 
 onel O'Rorke to lead his regi- 
 ment up the Iiill, now known as 
 Little Round Top. O'Rorke an^weretl him that (jeneral Weed had gone ahead and 
 e.xpected the One Hundred and Fortieth to follow him. " Never mind that," an- 
 swered Warren; " I'll take the responsibility." Warren's words and manner car- 
 ried conviction of the importance of the thing he asked. Accepting Warren's 
 assurance of full justification. O'Rorke turned the head of his regiment to the left 
 and followed the staff officer who had been with Warren, leading it diagonally up 
 to the eastern slope of Little Round Top. General Warren rode oft' evidently bent 
 upon securing other troops. A few seconds later the head of the One Hundred 
 and Fortieth New Y'ork reached the summit of the ridge. The march to the 
 relief of the left of Little Round Top was on the double-quick, being, as stated, 
 for the relief of the Third Corps, which was being severelv pressed. The incident 
 mentioned of General Warren's separating the C)ne Hundred and Fortieth New 
 York from its brigade and having it countermarched, and leading the way to 
 the summit of Little Round Top. was soon followed by General Warren's orders 
 to General Weed to have the other regiments of the brigade " about face," and 
 •double-quick to follow the (jne Hundred and Fortieth New York in the occupa- 
 tion of Little Round Top. ^\"hile thus double-quicking into position, the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth was under a heavy fire of the enemy. Captain S. A. 
 McKee. of Company L was struck with a ball on the arm. Color-Corporal John 
 Mackin, of Company F. was also wounded before reaching Little Round Top. 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth on the reserve march of Weed's Brigade, in 
 ascending Little Round Top. was in the rear, the Ninety-first Pennsvlvania and 
 the One Hundred and Forty-sixth New York having preceded it. 
 
 Death of ^^■EED. O'Rorke. .\nd Hazlitt. 
 
 Little Round Top is an eminence covered with immense rocks and boulders 
 and small timber and at the time of the battle had no roads, thus making it 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 169 
 
 CAPT. CHARLES E. HAZLITT. 
 
irO UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 inaccessible. These impediments made it impossible for the battery horses of 
 Captain Hazlitt's Fifth United States Artillery to haul the cannon up the steep 
 hill. A squad of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth assisted in hauling up the 
 four pieces to the summit of Little Round Top, where the battery did most 
 effective execution. The Bucktails of the Pennsylvania Reserves, who had been 
 detailed because of their long-range arms and their skill as sharpshooters, imme- 
 diately left the front of the Regiment, and, advancing over the rocks as skir- 
 mishers, soon answered the strong force of Confederate sharpshooters in the rocks 
 known as the " Devil's Den." So accurate was the range of these Confederate 
 sharpshooters concealed in the rocks of Devil's Den, in the immediate front of 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, that Brigadier-General Stephen H. Weed, who 
 had just succeeded in capturing Little Round Top and posting his men in position, 
 was among the first picked off. Colonel Patrick H. O'Rorke, commander of the 
 One Hundred and Fortieth New York, whose regiment led the advance of 
 Weed's Brigade in the capture of Little Round Top, encountered a regiment of 
 Confederates near the summit seeking to capture the position, and, in resisting 
 this advance with sword in hand, inspiring his regiment, was instantly killed by a 
 minie ball in the head. The struggle here was very severe, and the loss of the 
 One Hundred and Fortieth New York in killed and wounded was very heavy. 
 
 The action and brave stand of the One Hundred and Fortieth New York 
 secured Little Round Top against the first assault of the enemy. Similar service 
 in repulsing the attack of the advanced columns of the enemy seeking to capture 
 the other slope of Little Round Top was rendered by Colonel Vincent, of the 
 Eighty-third Pennsylvania, and Colonel Chamberlain, of the Twentieth ]\Iaine, 
 with their brave men. Colonel Vincent, like Colonel O'Rorke, however, being 
 killed at the head of his regiment while rallying his men against the Confederate 
 onslaught. The One Hundred and Fortieth New York held the position thus 
 gained until reinforced by the One Hundred and Forty-sixth New York, under 
 Colonel Kennar Garrard : the Ninety-first Pennsj-lvania, Colonel Sinex, and the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania, Colonel John H. Cain, the remaining 
 regiments of Weed's Brigade, thus strengthening this naturally strong posi- 
 tion against any attack of the enemy. The sharpshooters from Devil's Den 
 continued their fire on these regiments as they were ascending Little Round 
 Top. Captain Charles E. Hazlitt, Fifth United States Artillery, who had so 
 promptly occupied Little Round Top with Battery D, fell a victim to a Con- 
 federate sharpshooter's aim soon after gaining the position. Captain Hazlitt 
 was killed while stooping over conversing with General Weed, who had been 
 mortally wounded and carried back. It was a particularly sad sight to the 
 remaining regiments of Weed's Brigade, as they reached the summit of Little 
 Round Top, to see their beloved commander's dead body and that of the popular 
 Colonel O'Rorke exposed to view, as the regiments were taking positions. 
 
 After thus securing the heights by the repulse of the enemy by Weed's and 
 Vincent's Brigades, a lull in the battle lasting half an hour or more occurred, 
 during which the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and other regiments of the 
 brigade were ordered, from the abundance of stone and small rocks in the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 171 
 
 a 
 
 K 
 » 
 
 > 
 
 H 
 
 M 
 O 
 I 
 2 
 
 Q 
 
 > 
 
 Q 
 
172 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 vicinity, to construct stone walls instead of earthworks, to protect themselves 
 from the attacks of the enemy. But little time was lost in thus, from the 
 abundance of material, constructing these defenses, which afforded ample pro- 
 tection to the men against the Confederate sharpshooters in Devil's Den. So' 
 perfect, however, was the range of these Confederate sharpshooters that fre- 
 quently the men of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth would place their caps upon 
 their bayonets, and expose the same above the top of their stone-wall breastworks 
 as if being on the head of a soldier, to draw the fire of the enemy's sharpshooters. 
 Their shots never failed to perforate the cap thus exposed. This exposure, how- 
 ever, of the cap on the bayonet projected above the top of the stone walls used 
 as defenses was given a verv practical turn to benefit the troops occupying Little 
 Round Top. The details from the Pennsylvania Bucktails and Berdan's sharp- 
 shooters, who had been detailed to the companies behind the stone wall occupied 
 by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, having telescopic rifles, answered the shots 
 of the Confederates in Devil's Den when they fired at the exposed caps above 
 the stone wall. When the enemy's sharpshooters fired, the Bucktail sharpshooters 
 were enabled to observe whence the little curl of smoke emanated, and, conse- 
 quently, with deadly aim, returned the fire of the Confederate behind the little 
 column of smoke in the rocks of Devil's Den below. That this fire of the Union 
 sharpshooters was very effective was disclosed later, when the Fifth Corps lines, 
 after the repulse of Pickett's charge, were advanced beyond Devil's Den, reveal- 
 ing scores of dead Confederate sharpshooters in the rocks, crevices and re- 
 cesses of the Den. 
 
 During the lull mentioned in the battle, except the sharpshooters' fire, suc- 
 ceeding the capture of Little Round Top by Weed's Brigade, the opportunity of 
 obtaining a view of the enemy was perfect to the occupants of Little Round Top. 
 The Confederates seemed to be engaged in forming a column or making move- 
 ments to renew the attack by a superior force, with a view of either capturing or 
 flanking Little Round Top. 
 
 Renewal of Attack bv Robertson's Texans. 
 During tliis lull in the fighting with smaller arms, the enemy opened up a 
 tremendous artillery fire against Little Round Top from a large number (forty 
 or fifty) of their heaviest guns, almost causing the earth to quake among the 
 rocks surmounting Little Round Top. The Confederate fire, however, although 
 rapid and continuous, was inaccurate in aim, and for the most part went over 
 Little Round Top, doing but little harm to the troops occupying it. General 
 Meade's artillery, which was well posted, accepted the artillery challenge of the 
 enemy, and answered in kind with an equal number of guns ; but, for some reason, 
 the LTnion artillery after half an hour ceased firing, while the cannonading of 
 the Confederates was still active. The men of Weed's and Vincent's Brigades 
 could plainly see the formation of large columns of the enemy in the plain below, 
 maneuvering for a renewal of the attack on Little Round Top. The bad range of 
 the latter's artillery firing did not prevent the officers and men occupying Little 
 Round Top from following the movements of the enemy opposite very closely. 
 They saw the Confederate officers, when their line of battle was formed, dis- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 173 
 
 mount and, with sword in hand, lead their columns on in great force. Hazlitt's 
 Battery, on Little Round Top, to the command of which Lieutenant B. F. 
 Rittenhouse had succeeded, and other adjacent batteries, had perfect range of the 
 formidable lines of the enemy, which had been massed as an attacking column 
 against Little Round Top. This grand attacking force was led by the Confed- 
 erate General Hood with his Texan troops. The destructive aim of the artillery 
 on Little Round Top and the adjacent batteries, as the shots and shells shattered 
 the Confederate column thus massed for the attack was plainly visible. The 
 bravery and determination of the enemy in so boldly and courageously disregard- 
 ing this destructive direct and enfilading fire, elicited the admiration of the 
 officers and men who were awaiting the attack. No sooner had one company 
 of the Confederate column been scattered by the bursting shells than its place 
 was taken promptly and in good order by others. On came the advancing column 
 across the open fields and across the stream, Willoughby Run, undaunted and 
 determined. 
 
 Weed's Brigade had not long been in the occupation of the position oil the 
 rocky heights thus secured until the foe under Longstreet's direction made a 
 diversion from the attacks on the Third Corps, and assaulted along the whole 
 line of Weed's Brigade, with Hood's Texans and other troops, in efforts to 
 carry the Union position on Little Round Top. From these heights occupied by 
 Weed's Brigade on the summit, the maneuvering and preparations of the enemy 
 were plainly visible in front of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth; the United 
 States Regular Brigade of General Ayres' Division had advanced to the relief of 
 Sickles, but, although making a most obstinate resistance and falling back on 
 the retreat as if on drill, the Regulars were finally overpowered and driven back. 
 They rallied frequently and did much execution on the attacking column, but 
 they could not contend against the overwhelming numbers in the attacking party. 
 
 After the repulse of the Regulars immediately in front of Little Round Top, 
 the enemy emerged from the woods opposite to the point from which they had 
 driven the Regulars, and directed their attention to the position of Weed's and 
 Vincent's Brigades, occupying the summits of Little Round Top, a half mile 
 distant. 
 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, as has been already stated, was at a 
 disadvantage compared with other regiments in this part of the action, as its arms 
 consisted of the old Harper's Ferry muskets, using only buck-and-ball shot for 
 ammunition and being eftective only at a ver}- short range. As a consequence, 
 the Regiment, from its position, was obliged to witness this advancing column of 
 the enemy across the open plain for a quarter of a mile in front of Little Round 
 Top, and see them march triumphantly to the foot of the same, and to continue 
 the advance until the}' were within twenty yards before the Regiment was 
 allowed to shoot across the stone wall at the enemy. From this handicap the 
 ■other regiments of the Brigade, having arms of longer range, began firing at the 
 enemy first, and necessarily checked the enemy's advance in that direction. Not 
 receiving any immediate fire from the part of the line occupied by the One 
 Hundred and Fift)'-fifth, the Confederate officers, believing it to be a break in 
 that position and not defended, directed Robertson's Brigade of Texans to the 
 
174 L'XDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 point in front of the One Hundred and Fiftj-fifth. Colonel Cain, commanding, 
 however, and the captains of all the companies were strict in enforcing the 
 orders that not a shot should be fired until the enemy got close within range. 
 When the enemy's advance reached that distance, the order was given by 
 Colonel Cain, and repeated by the company commanders, to fire and to aim low. 
 The effect was immediate and checked the enemy, with fatal results, not sufficient, 
 however, to stop their onward attack and advance to within not less than twenty 
 feet of the Union line, where their officers and men rallied and poured destructive 
 volleys into the firing line occupied by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. This 
 perilous position the enemy maintained for fully half an hour, returning volley 
 for volley, until their losses compelled their retreat and abandonment of their 
 attempt to capture Little Round Top in this second storming of the position. 
 In this repulse of the enemy in their effort to capture the position, great loss was 
 sustained by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and a number of its most valued 
 and beloved members gave up their lives on this occasion. While thus exposed, 
 and suffering considerable loss in repulsing the attack made by Hood's men on 
 the position defended by the regiments of Weed's Brigade, it was a matter of 
 astonishment to all concerned, in view of the closeness of the range and the 
 number of volleys fired by the Confederates, that many more casualties were not 
 reported. Without exaggeration, it can be said with truth that the enemy's 
 bullets flew thick and fast, and it is only owing to their poor marksmanship that 
 their firing was not more destructive. This can be explained only by the fact 
 that the enemy being below the position occupied by Weed's Brigade and firing 
 up hill their bullets fell short of the mark. 
 
 After this repulse of the enemy and their withdrawal from the slopes of 
 Little Round Top to the Devil's Den, their picket line, many sharpshooters of the 
 Bucktails from the Brigade of the Pennsylvania Reserves and from Berdan's 
 took positions in the rocks and crevices on Little Round Top in advance of the 
 positions of the Union main line and of the skirmishers, and rendered most 
 effectual work in driving out from Devil's Den and adjacent rocks the remaining 
 squads of sharpshooters who had lingered in concealed positions. 
 
 Ch.\rge of Pennsylvani.\ Reserves on Enemy's Pickets. 
 
 By orders of General Meade, who was inspecting Little Round Top during 
 the action, General Fisher's and McCandless' Brigades, of the Pennsylvania 
 Reserves, advanced to clear the rocks on the left slope of Little Round Top still 
 occupied by many of the enemy's sharpshooters and also to establish an advanced 
 picket line in front of Vincent's Brigade. The brigades of Reserves advanced 
 and gained the ground, driving a few shaqashooters and advanced pickets of the 
 enemy from the points lately occupied by Robertson's Confederates back to their 
 own line, which was held by the Confederate General Law's Division. 
 
 After the repulse of Robertson's Texans, among the wounded who came 
 up from the base of Little Round Top was Major William G. Moorhead, of the 
 Seventeenth Ignited States Infantr)-, which had suffered so severely at the 
 opening of the battle of Little Round Top by the Fifth Corps. Major Moorhead 
 
UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 175 
 
 being so well known as the son of Pittsburg's Congressman, Honorable J. K. 
 Moorhead, his appearance and bleeding condition attracted the notice and 
 sympathy of his friends in the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment as he 
 passed through the Regiment to the field hospital. 
 
 The occupants of Little Round Top were not doomed to further interruption 
 from the enemy either by bombardment or skirmishing during the remainder of 
 the day or night of the 3d of July. The cries and groans of the thousands of 
 the wounded of both armies lying between the lines of the contending armies 
 and also many within the lines, the latter being removed by ambulance, could be 
 heard distinctly all night, disturbing the slumbers of many wearied soldiers. 
 Little Round Top, being about two hun- 
 dred and eighty feet in height and ex- 
 ceedingly rough and rocky, afforded no 
 soft couches upon which to rest the 
 weary bones of the men of the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth and the other 
 regiments of Weed's Brigade on the 
 night following this day's battle. The 
 huge boulders and rocks interspersed on 
 the summit of Little Round Top, many 
 boulders being as large as from six to 
 twenty feet long and having their rough 
 edges and surface smoothed by time, fur- 
 nished beds for two or three comrades, 
 whilst others, fearing a renewal of the 
 enemy's bombardment during the night, 
 pitched their poncho beds behind the 
 rocks on the bare earth, so that there 
 were all kinds of couches and places of 
 repose. However, no midnight attack or 
 volleys or firing in front took place dur- 
 ing the night. 
 
 Early in the morning of the 3d of 
 July the reveille was not sounded as usual, but instead the Captains and other of- 
 ficers quietly visited the sleeping places of the men and roused them to be on the 
 alert and ready in case the enemy suddenly renewed their attacks upon this most 
 significant position of Little Round Top. All the morning of the third the enemy 
 made no attack, being engaged in preparing for battle and generally arranging for 
 attacks or charges along the L^nion line in hopes of regaining the lost ground of 
 the day previous. 
 
 Simultaneously with the opening of the enemy's batteries on the 2d, as 
 already stated, General Hunt, commanding the Union artillery, gave orders for 
 an immediate reply, and, as stated, for half an hour the Union batteries directed 
 an enfilading and direct fire, concentrated with excellent aim, upon the enemy's 
 positions in front of Little Round Top. During this heavy earth-quaking bom- 
 
 MAJ. WILLIAM J. MOORHEAD. 
 
176 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 bardment officers and men of the Fifth Corps were ordered to seek positions of 
 shelter afforded by the large boulders and rocks so abundant on Little Round 
 Top, there to remain until the enemy's artillery fire had ceased or orders to resume 
 position in battle line were received. It was terrifying at times behind the im- 
 mense rocks, when a shell short of range would burst in the air and strike some 
 ■of the men hugging the rocks or ground adjacent. George R. Kerr, a private of 
 Company H, and Lieutenant D. E. Lyon, of the same company, were both 
 wounded from the fragments of shells thus striking them in their supposedly safe 
 positions. For the most part, however, the enemy's heaviest fire missed the range 
 entirely of the troops on Little Round Top, and the missiles and explosives 
 alighted some distance in the rear, in many cases damaging and wounding the 
 occupants of the field hospitals there located. Indeed, on this occasion the 
 amputations necessary to be undergone by the wounded carried back to the field 
 hospital were interrupted because of the severity of the enemy's shelling, which 
 reached far beyond the rear of the Union lines. Battery D, Fifth United States 
 Artillery, on the summit of Little Round Top, already mentioned, whose com- 
 mander. Captain Charles E. Hazlitt, and many of its enlisted men had been 
 picked off by the enemy's sharpshooters early in the action, and details from 
 infantry replaced the fallen. 
 
 ACTI\-ITV OF C0NFEDER.\TE Sh.ARPSHOOTERS. 
 
 The presence of the Confederate sharpshooters among the rocks and crevices 
 of Devil's Den, and their deadly aim, which had resulted in the picking of? of 
 General Weed, Colonel O'Rorke, and Captain Hazlitt and the wounding of 
 General Warren, besides killing and wounding so many of the rank and file, 
 caused General Meade to detail two Companies of Berdan's New York sharp- 
 shooters to the position occupied by the battery mentioned and the troops of 
 Weed's Brigade. The Berdans had telescopic rifles, and, in securing positions 
 and to avoid their own exposure, they could be seen creeping on hands and knees 
 to get behind rocks or protecting crevices on the slopes of Little Round Top, 
 from which to respond with deadly aim to the Confederate sharpshooters in 
 Devil's Den and vicinity. 
 
 Notwithstanding that the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was behind the rocks 
 and boulders and the stone wall it had erected on carrying the position on July 2d, 
 and the concealed skirmishing of the Bucktail and Berdan sharpshooters in front 
 with the enemy's pickets, the Confederate sharpshooters from their hiding places 
 in Devil's Den promptly fired at any soldier who exposed himself. Hence, it was 
 necessary under the strict orders of the officers of \\'eed's Brigade for the men 
 to keep under shelter of the stone wall and surrounding rocks. 
 
 .\bout ten o'clock, on the morning of the 3d of July, the enemy opened a very 
 heavv artillery fire on the right of the Union line near Gettysburg and kept it up 
 continuously for several hours. In the afternoon three large columns of Con- 
 federates were seen emerging from the woods to the right of Little Round Top 
 as if to renew yesterday's maneuver and contest. Battery D. Fifth United States 
 Artillery, which was being supported by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth in 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 177 
 
 the morning, consisting of four guns, opened a very exact fire of shell and 
 ■canister — the range being exact on the enemy's columns. The Confederate lines 
 thus advancing endured several enfilading volleys from Battery D and also from 
 the batteries adjacent. This finally caused the advancing columns of the enemy 
 to retreat and to regain the cover of the woods from wrhich they had emerged for 
 the threatened movement. The Confederates then resumed the shelling of the 
 position occupied by Weed's Brigade on Little Round Top, with a view of silenc- 
 ing the destructive fire of Battery D, as stated, in command of Lieutenant B. F. 
 Rittenhouse, U. S. A., who succeeded the lamented Hazlitt. 
 
 An Artillery Duel. 
 
 This renewal of the shelling of the position on Little Round Top was light 
 when compared with the awful earthquaking shelling to which those positions 
 were treated by the Confederates later in the afternoon. From one hundred and 
 forty guns of the Confederates posted on commanding positions immediately 
 opposite the Union lines, a bombardment all along the line, including Little Round 
 Top, took place. This artillery fire was promptly replied to by every battery, 
 eighty and upwards in number, from the heights and positions opposite occupied 
 by the Union forces. This great artillery duel continued more than an hour and 
 was terrific in the extreme, surpassing any other occurring during the war. It 
 was not so destructive in casualties as it might have been, the Confederate 
 gunners failing to secure the proper range, and, as in the previous bombardments, 
 the shells went so far over the heads of those on Little Round Top as to do 
 practically no harm. The shells lighted half a mile and often a mile in the rear 
 of Little Round Top. The immense rock and boulders found upon this elevation 
 and the stone walls which the Regiments of Weed's Brigade had built for their 
 protection along the line occupied by them on Little Round Top rendered excellent 
 shelter from the enemy's artillery fire. These timely stone walls were a perfect 
 protection from the enemy's sharpshooters. They stopped the minie balls per- 
 fectly, but they would have been of no protection against the shot or shell of the 
 enemy striking them in front. There was very little musketry firing beyond the 
 skirmish on the left of the position occupied by the Fifth and the Third Corps, but 
 there was a formation plainly visible from Little Round Top about one p. m. 
 that day of large columns of the enemy on the right of Little Round Top, near 
 the center of the LInion line. 
 
 It was supposed at that time that the cause of the terrific artillery duel 
 against Little Round Top and other positions of the Union forces was to cover 
 an attack to follow on some part of the Union line by columns of infantry, the 
 usual tactics of the Confederates under General Lee. 
 
 That the fighting on the L^nion right occupied by Hancock was severe was 
 known from the roll of musketry which was plainly heard, and also from the many 
 exploding caissons on either side struck by explosive shells from the batteries 
 exchanging fire at short range. Finally, the cheering all along the Union line 
 reached Little Round Top. and the word was passed along the line that the 
 Confederates' great charge under Pickett had failed. 
 
178 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Pickett's Charge as Seen from Little Round Top. 
 
 From Little Round Top, under shelter from the heavy bombardments of 
 Long.street's batteries, which opened on the L'nion center, simultaneously with 
 the assault of Pickett's troops, could be seen in the distant panorama Pickett's 
 columns advancing on their fatal charge. From the same position on Little 
 Roimd Top could be seen the lines of the gallant Second Corps ready and eager 
 to welcome Pickett's attacking column. Prominent among the division com- 
 manders under General Hancock was General Alexander Hays, commanding a 
 division on the advancing tiring line. During the hottest of the fray General 
 Hays seemed to bear a charmed life as he rode out along the Union lines, cheer- 
 ing and stimulating his column to stand firm in the approaching assault, exposing 
 himself recklessly. 
 
 After Pickett's columns were finally driven back, a Union General rode 
 up to General Hays, whose command occupied a position adjoining what has been 
 called the " High-^^'ater Mark " of the battle for the Confederates in the center of 
 the L'uion line, and said: " Well, General Hays, the rebels penetrated my line." 
 Hays replied, with just pride: "Well, General, they failed to penetrate the line 
 of my division." General Hays' Division is credited with having captured thirty 
 Confederate flags in the action, receipts for which were sent him by the War 
 Department. 
 
 The close of this day's battle on the Union right and the cessation of hos- 
 tilities on the left occurred at sunset. The night of the 3d, like the night of the 
 ■2d, was again one of anxious solicitude. The groans and cries of the 
 wounded still on the battlefield, as well as the heavy loss in able officers and many 
 thousands of the rank on the Union side as the result of the three days' conflict, 
 made all feel solicitous for the morrow. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 179 
 
 Chapter IX. 
 
 SCENES AND INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 
 
 Pastimes Indulged in by Troops During Lulls in Battle on 3d and 3d of 
 July. — Many of Regiment Visit Devil's Den. — Confederate Sharpshooters 
 Captured. — Cold Rain Sets in on Night of 3d. — -Discomfort of Troops. — 
 Burial of Dead and Removal of Wounded. — Confederate Army Retreats 
 ON 5th of July. — Sixth Army Corps Under General Sedgwick Leads Ad- 
 vance IN Pursuit. — Instructions from General Halleck to General 
 Meade. — Union Army's Position at Gettysburg Defensive. — Congress Votes 
 Thanks of Nation to General Meade. — Brilliant Charge of General 
 Farnsworth's Brigade of Cavalry. — Regiment of New York State Militia 
 Arrives at Gettysburg. — Many of One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Went 
 Into B.\ttle Barefooted. — Feet Swollen and Blistered Unable to Wear 
 Shoes. — Colonel Allen With His Regiment on Little Round Top. — Field 
 Hospitals Located Near Firing Line. — Casualties. 
 
 Recreations in Lull of Battle. 
 
 JURING the lull in the fire of the battle and the uncertainty of 
 how soon hostilities might be renewed, and while enjoying the 
 shelter of the immense rocks and boulders of Little Round Top 
 from the fierce artillery duel from the one hundred and forty Con- 
 federate guns, lasting over an hour in the afternoon of the 3d, and 
 also from the terrific bombardment on the 3d day of July, many of the men occu- 
 pied themselves with very pacific pastimes. In some groups so securely sheltered 
 cards were produced and games of euchre were enjoyed by proficients in the 
 science of Hoyle. Others might be seen reading home newspapers several days 
 old. Some, too, more seriously inclined, were perusing long-neglected Testa- 
 ments, while not a few others thought the time and opportunity most appropriate 
 to write letters home to parents or sweethearts. The apparent want of mail facili- 
 ties, however, made it uncertain when the letters being thus written could be 
 sent away. Some of a methodical turn were seen making entries in diaries, whilst 
 the irrepressible Regimental artist of Company E was engaged in making snap- 
 shots of Generals Meade and Warren in his sketch book. 
 
 Unpatriotic Farmers Demand Pay for Straw. 
 
 In the cessation of the firing and during the preparations of the Confederates 
 for a renewal of the battle on the 3d of July, the One Hundred arid Fifty-fifth 
 
180 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 and the other regiments of Weed's Brigade, now commanded by Colonel Kenner 
 Garrard, were visited in their bivouac on a strange mission by some citizen farmers 
 residing adjacent to Little Round Top. This delegation had a grievance, and the 
 first officer they met to whom they poured out the story of their trouble was 
 Major A. L. Pearson. With an obtuseness of the existing carnage and surround- 
 ing misery caused by the meeting of the contending armies and before the full 
 contest for supremacy had been decided, these phlegmatic farmers complained 
 that the straw and hay in their barns nearby had been taken by the Union soldiers 
 and carried away to the field hospitals for use of the wounded soldiers in the 
 battle and maile demand for immediate payment for the same. This unseemly 
 conduct so shocked Major Pearson that he gave the visiting farmers a stinging 
 rebuke, and in stern language denounced their want of patriotism and their 
 inhumanity in terms so strong that it must have penetrated the dense stu- 
 pidit^■ of the claimants. Major Pearson ordered th e committee of farmers 
 to leave Little Round Top, threatening that if they did not do so at once 
 he would take the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment and destroy their 
 barns and have their owners court-martialed for their disloyalty as well as their 
 inhumanit}-. 
 
 The next da}- other farmers visited the field hospitals where amputations of 
 the wounded and burials of the dead were taking place, and with these spectacles 
 before their eyes repeated their inhuman demands to the surgeons in charge, to be 
 paid for the straw and hay thus used for the wounded. The dense ignorance of 
 these peasants and their want of knowledge of the great war, its causes or ob- 
 jects and their unconcern and total want of public spirit is the most charitable 
 explanation of their action on this occasion. It is by no means intended to brand 
 all the resident farmers of this vicinity as wanting in humanity or patriotism by 
 reason of the shameful actions of the visitors mentioned, who as stated before 
 the echoes of the cannonading at Little Round Top had died out were demanding 
 pay for the hay and straw required for the wounded soldiers. These were no 
 doubt exceptional instances and in marked contrast with many acts of kindness 
 and public spirit shown the L^nion soldiers by the general population of the 
 locality during the Gettysburg campaign. 
 
 As a reflex from the repulse of Pickett's great charge on the left center of 
 the Union line, the Confederates who had their skirmish line and sharpshooters in 
 and about the Devil's Den withdrew them and their immediate supports on 
 straightening their lines under the Confederate General Law, a considerable 
 distance back from their previous advance. In falling back to reform their lines 
 on the left, the Confederates abandoned many of their wounded sharpshooters 
 who had been concealed in Devil's Den, and when the Union skirmish line and 
 pickets advanced they found squads of Confederate soldiers as well as many of 
 their wounded abandoned. Many Confederates were thus promptly captured and 
 still more surrendered without question. Quite a number who were badly 
 wounded came through the advanced LTnion picket line in front of the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth. As the firing had ceased many of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth and of other regiments of Weed's Brigade availed themselves of the lull 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 181 
 
 in the battle and of the enemy's falhng back half a mile or more to re-form their 
 lines, to go over the rocks and points fronting the scene of such severe fighting on 
 the second. 
 
 Among the officers who thus availed themselves of the enemy's falling back 
 and yielding up possession of the intervening ground was Lieutenant George 
 M. Laughlin, of Company E, and Lieutenant D. E. Lyon, of Company H. These 
 officers had heard of the death in battle of Sergeant David R. Acheson, of the 
 One Hundred and Fortieth Pennsylvania, who had been their classmate in 
 Washington College. The officers named found the position of the One Hundred 
 and Fortieth and evidences of the terrible fighting under Sickles in the Peach 
 Orchard and of the losses sustained by the sight of the number of unburied 
 bodies of the slain. They were unable, however, to find the body of their missing 
 classmate, their search being interrupted by the opening of the firing of the 
 enemy to whose lines these officers had unwittingly approached too close. 
 On a huge boulder in the Peach Orchard is carved and visible to-day the name 
 "David R. Acheson, One Hundred and "Fortieth Pennsylvania," to mark the 
 identical spot where this brave soldier fell. 
 
 The redoubtable James Finnegan, of Company D, also took advantage of 
 this peaceful situation to visit the hill-slope and valley below, including Devil's 
 Den, which was now within the Union lines. Finnegan was unarmed and being 
 quite small in stature his ordinary appearance was not such as would tend to 
 terrify the ordinary Confederate soldier. He had no other business in that 
 portion of the field than mere curiosity to see the dead and wounded. As he 
 entered the huge rocks of Devil's Den, not less than four stalwart Georgian 
 sharpshooters concealed in the rocks, noticing that Finnegan was unarmed, threw 
 away their guns and called to him that they desired to surrender, as the Confed- 
 erates had fallen back half a mile, leaving them to be captured. Finnegan ac- 
 cepted their surrender unconditionally and proudly marched his prisoners up 
 Little Round Top to the lines of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, where 
 with great pride he reported his achievement to Major Montooth, Adjutant 
 of the Regiment. In answer to the question of how he came to capture 
 so many Confederates, Finnegan triumphantly replied: " Be gorra, I surrounded 
 'em." 
 
 Corporal Frank Gilmore, of Company A, during the cessation of hostilities, 
 also ventured down among the rocks very close to the enemy's new line in front 
 of which the Bucktail and Berdan sharpshooters were already on duty with the 
 LInion advanced line. Gilmore found a Confederate concealed among the rocks, 
 who surrendered to him, and he brought his captive to the Regimental line, 
 turning him over to Adjutant Montooth. The prisoner was suffering from a 
 bullet wound in the jaw, and requiring medical attention was sent under guard to 
 the field hospital for treatment. It was not long this day after the evacuation of 
 Devil's Den till hundreds of the Union troops unarmed were permitted to leave 
 their positions and to visit between the lines, some to help succor the wounded, 
 others to witness the fearful sights of the battlefield of the two previous days, 
 whilst still others got clothing and shoes, ammunition and guns, no longer useful 
 to the army of the dead who remained for the time unburied. 
 
18-2 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Curiosities of Artillery Contest. — Humane Incidents. 
 
 Among the curiosities of the cannonading at Gettysburg were several re- 
 markable instances where the enem\-'s sohd shot struck and penetrated a Union 
 cannon squarely in the muzzle, in some cases cracking or bursting the gun thus 
 struck and in other cases the solid shot lodging like a plug solidly wedged in 
 the mouth of the cannon. 
 
 Conspicuous instances of the humane feeling pervading the soldiers of either 
 army so soon after the cessation of deadly firing and almost before the echoes of 
 the musketry volleys had died out was observable at Gettysburg. Particularly 
 noticeable was the reception of a few of the badly wounded Confederate sharp- 
 shooters who came into the picket line in front of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth to whom these Confederates surrendered. Some were badly wounded in 
 the jaw and face, interfering with their ability to eat the extremely hard oatmea' 
 bread forming the ration of the Confederates. Recognizing this situation and 
 the hunger of the prisoners. Private \Mlliam P. Ketchani. of Company F, took 
 from his haversack a fresh loaf of soft bread which he had received in the 
 morning of the 'id of Jul_\- before the battle, and insisted on a prisoner, whose 
 teeth had been knocked out, taking the soft bread in exchange for the latter's 
 very hardtack. Other One Hundred and Fifty-fifth pickets divided their rations 
 at this outpost with the hungry Confederates, and exhibiting merer and humanity 
 most exemplary and chivalrous to vanquished foes. 
 
 Cess.\tion of Hostilities July 4tii. 
 
 As is usual after very lieavy bombardments, a heav}- cold rain set in on the 
 night of the third, continuing until morning. Much chilliness, on the bleak rocks 
 and stone bedding, was felt by the soldiers thus exposed. The knowledge, how- 
 ever, that the summing up of the day's fighting along the line had resulted in a 
 victory for the Union arms cheered the spirits and hopes of all the troops so that 
 they soon fell into a refreshing sleep, being undisturbed from war's alarms through 
 the night. The choice of positions on the rocks for beds and quarters during this 
 night was quite animated. Those who had retired early and secured spots beneath 
 the friendly boulders which had sheltered them so generously during the bom- 
 bardment fotmd the same objects of little use against the element pouring down 
 from the canopy above. Pools of water in dug-out caves which had served the 
 day before as bombproofs now made these quarters very undesirable. Upper 
 stories on ledges and rocks were preferable, although their slope and shapes 
 made them somewhat uncomfortable to the wearied soldier. A veteran, however, 
 becomes used to all positions and accommodations, and with thanks that the 
 enemy did not during the night contribute to their discomfort by re-opening the 
 batteries or making other disturbing movements the Union soldiers slept soundly 
 until the reveille sounded in the morning of the glorious Fourth of July. It was 
 a most cheerless day so far as the prevailing chilliness and drizzling rain and 
 annoyances attendant upon attempting to cook coflfee and prepare meals from 
 the soldiers' rations could make it so. Their hardtack had become saturated with 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 183 
 
 water and swollen and tires to cook or warm food were difficult to make because 
 ■of the prevailing rain and wet conditions. For this unsatisfactory state of things 
 consolation was obtained by the agreeable disappointment that the enemy, whose 
 lines were still visible, occupying every position of the day previous, had not 
 resumed hostilities except by desultory picket firing at points distant from Little 
 Round Top and the position of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. 
 
 As the day progressed, this feeling of gladness at the enemy's cessation of 
 hostilities increased, and the day was spent quietly by the troops resting from the 
 unusual labors of the previous three days. Stretcher-bearers, ambulances and 
 many of the troops were detailed in burial parties to visit the grounds and bury 
 the thousands of the dead of both armies remaining on the field and to removp 
 the large number of wounded of both armies to the field hospitals which had been 
 ■established near the battle line. This burial of the dead was one of the saddest 
 features of the bloody struggle. Many of the bodies, having lain on the field for 
 two and three days beneath the scorching rays of a July sun, were so distorted 
 and swollen as to be beyond recognition. 
 
 Teamsters and supply trains were also kept extremely busy bringing up and 
 distributing rations to the soldiers and hospitals as well as forage for the animals. 
 The heavy demands of the battle which had exhausted the supply of artillery and 
 infantry ammunition had \.o be met, and the same required replenishment before 
 any movement of the army could be renewed ; consequently the teams of the am- 
 munition train, drivers, and guards were kept busy on that duty all of the 4th 
 of July. 
 
 The Confederates engaged in retreating had no such difficulties to contend 
 against as had General Meade. They left their dead and wounded, as well as 
 several thousand prisoners, to the humanity of the L'nion army, and continued 
 their foraging ofi^ the country for their supplies, having half a dozen excellent 
 roads on which to conduct their retreat from Gettysburg to the Potomac. 
 
 The preparations described as well as the conditions existing on the battle- 
 field occupied every moment of the time and attention of General Meade and 
 his surviving Generals on the 4th day of July. 
 
 Retreat of Lee's Army and Pursuit. 
 
 Early on the morning of the .5th of July it was discovered that the Con- 
 federate army had, during the night, withdrawn their skirmishers from the line 
 occupied by them up to night-fall of July 4th. General Meade at once directed 
 General Pleasanton immediately to send the cavalry divisions of Gregg, Buford 
 and Custer in pursuit of the enemy. General Meade also set in motion the Sixth 
 Army Corps, under General Sedgwick, twenty thousand infantry, to pursue the 
 retreating Confederates. The other corps of the army speedily followed in 
 pursuit by different routes, but the Confederates had a full night's advantage 
 in leading the retreat, and Stuart's Cavalry, the rear guard of Lee's columns, 
 covered the retreat of the miles of wagon and ammunition trains, holding at bay 
 Pleasanton's Cavalry imtil the Confederate trains had time to make good their 
 •escape. 
 
184 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Another phase peculiar to the Gettysburg campaign after the battle had 
 ended was the fact that in every company there were at least several men who by 
 reason of the excessive forced marches had their feet so blistered that they 
 could not wear shoes, and many were seen on the last days of the campaign pre- 
 ceding the battle with their shoes strung across their muskets as they marched 
 in the ranks barefooted. A number of these men throughout the army, who were 
 unable by reason of their exhausted condition, and further injury to their feet in 
 going in on the rocky heights and positions to battle, were rendered unfit for 
 further marching, and therefore could not take part in the pursuit. They were 
 sent, by orders of the surgeon, in a large number of cases, to the field hospitals 
 in Gettysburg, there to abide until their suffering feet were restored sufficiently 
 again to wear shoes. It is supposed that at a low estimate upwards of two 
 thousand of Meade's men were thus excused from the ranks on the renewal 
 of marching. 
 
 If, on the sunrise and reveille of that 4th of July, so bleak, so chilly and so 
 miserable, with its sorrowful associations, there was any officer or enlisted man 
 in Weed's Brigade, then holding position on Little Round Top, who was eager 
 for a resumption of the battle and anxious for renewing the fray, he kept it so 
 secret and subdued that it never reached the masses of the troops defending that 
 important position. The anxiety for battle and thirst for gore and terms so 
 freely used by descriptive writers, belongs to the domain of fiction, and de- 
 scribes a sentiment far from the truth. 
 
 Braver officers and men than those who withstood the continued bombard- 
 ment and the desperate fighting and charges of the Confederates at Gettysburg 
 never existed, and all would have obeyed orders instantly to resume the battle 
 and to die as so many of their comrades had, in defense of their flag and country. 
 
 Halleck's Instructions to Meade. 
 
 Governor Curtin, of Pennsylvania, and the Governor of Alaryland had each 
 issued calls, backed by the leading journals of the country, appealing to President 
 Lincoln to save their respective States, and particularly Pennsylvania, from the 
 invasion of the Confederate armies, that threatened a campaign of pillage and 
 plunder, and to capture and sack the great city of Philadelphia and the Capital 
 city of the State, Harrisburg; and that this duty thus devolving upon the Army 
 of the Potomac was paramount to any other obligation of General Meade, its 
 commander. How nobly General Meade, his officers and men, could justly con- 
 clude, on discovering Lee's retreat and abandonment of his superior position on 
 the ridges opposite that of the Army of the Potomac, that his army had, at great 
 loss and sacrifice, more than accomplished its mission in responding to the appeals 
 of the public that the Confederate army be driven from Pennsylvania soil and 
 south of the Potomac, turning the invasion of Lee's triumphal army into a disas- 
 trous defeat ! 
 
 General Meade's instructions from General Halleck, President Lincoln's 
 military advisor, were to follow up in close pursuit and overtake General Lee in 
 his invasion of Pennsylvania, and to prevent the threatened capture by the Con- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 185 
 
 1 bare Juai irecci. 
 i( be conspicuoufil^ 
 
 ■>'d ,he ...n„«-V,.,j^,.„,°f Office, Jujje ig,i .j.^ 
 
 'r posted in the Ciu ' ""^'' ''°™ •»>» Co,,,,.. "^ AOlft, l^{^ 
 
 ' "' ">'» »l"le. will, , , 
 
 APPROACHING ! 
 
 I MUST KELY UTON 'IHE PEOPLE FOR THE 
 
 DEFENCE'«STATE! 
 
 1>D HAVE 
 
 GALLED THE MILITIA 
 
 rOK THAT ri KFOME. 
 
 the term of service wiU only be whUe the danger to the State 
 
 is imininent. 
 
 Send forward Companies 
 
 AS SOON AS POSSIBLE 
 
 "^"^ ANDREW G. CURTXN. 
 
 PLACARD ISSU-ED BY GOVERNOR CURTIN, OF PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 CALLING FOR VOLUNTEERS FOR THE DEFENCE 
 
 OF THE STATE, JUKE, 1 863 
 
186 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 federates of Harrisburg and Philadelphia, at the same time keeping Baltimore 
 and Washington within his protection. With but three days' elevation to the 
 command of the Army of the Potomac, General Meade had but little time to 
 plan a great battle at Gettysburg while also being handicapped by his strict in- 
 structions from the General-in-Chief, Halleck, to arrest the march of Lee's army 
 against the cities named. The meeting at Gettysburg of the two armies was 
 well known, to be merely accidental, and not preconcerted by either Lee or 
 Meade. General Meade, therefore, because of his instructions, decided not to 
 assume the offensive unless absolutely compelled to do so ; and; therefore, sought 
 the very strong position presented by the ridges and topography of the locality 
 of Gettysburg, to make the battle on his part what is known as a defensive battle. 
 He, therefore, chose his position, posted his troops and battalions for miles in 
 front of the enemy's strong positions, thereby challenging and awaiting the attack 
 of the Confederates. The Confederate positions were veritable Gibraltar strong- 
 holds, and had Meade and his Generals assumed the offensive, and sought to 
 storm and capture the strong positions on the fortified ridges liberally supplied 
 with batteries at every available point, it would have been welcomed by the Con- 
 federate commander, as was the persistent disastrous attack made by Burnside 
 on the fortified ridges held by Lee at Fredericksburg, and later by Grant's dis- 
 astrous charges and repulses on Lee's position at Cold Harbor, and would no 
 doubt have been followed by similar losses and final repulses. The wisdom of 
 General Meade's decision to make the battle on his part purely defensive was 
 verified soon after by the Confederate General's being compelled to assume the 
 offensive against the Union line. The story of the Wheatfield, the Peach 
 Orchard, Little Round Top, the repulse of Pickett's charge, the defense of 
 Cemetery Hill, and the great cavalry encounter on the flanks of Meade's army, 
 all attest the superiority and success of Meade's plans over that of the Confed- 
 erate chieftain. 
 
 General Meade, having with his army complied with his instructions to 
 intercept the invading column of Lee, and to prevent the further invasion of 
 Pennsylvania and the capture of Harrisburg and Philadelphia, as well as afford- 
 ing protection to Baltimore and Washington from the Confederate army within 
 a day's march of these cities, might well consider, as did all the Generals surviving 
 the battle, that their successful efforts, ending in driving the Confederates south 
 of the Potomac, would meet the prompt approval of General Halleck. 
 
 General Meade and his army had, as stated, more than fulfilled General Hal- 
 leck's instructions in every respect. Yet, strange to say, instead of thanks, 
 General Meade's action in not totally annihilating the Confederate army was so 
 sharply criticized by Halleck and others that General Meade promptly tendered 
 his resignation as commander of the Army of the Potomac. It is needless to say, 
 however, that the great and just Lincoln refused to accept his resignation, and 
 compelled Halleck and other carpers against (iieneral Meade publicly to retract 
 their unjust complaints. 
 
 Congress, which was in session, also voted the thanks of the Nation to 
 General Meade for his great victory at Gettysburg. 
 
 A singular coincidence to the experience of General Meade may be men- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 187 
 
 tioned in tlio fact that General Lee, commanding the Cim federate army also 
 tendered his resignation to the President of the Southern Confederacy because 
 of the official censure and criticisms expressed by President Davis at the defeat 
 of his army by the L^nion forces at Gettysburg, and the failure of General Lee 
 to capture Harrisburg and Philadelphia, with the Confederate army invading 
 Marvland and Pennsylvania. Public sentiment in the South, however, came to 
 the relief of General Lee, and compelled the Confederate authorities to decline to 
 entertain the resignation of General Lee. 
 
 No Officiat. Reports of One Hundred axd Fifty-fifth on Little 
 
 Round Top. 
 
 The death of General S. H. Weed, commanding the Brigade, and of Colonel 
 O'Rorke, killed early in the battle, pre- 
 vented official reports from those sources. 
 Lieutenant-Colonel John H. Cain, com- 
 manding the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 resigning soon after the battle, filed 
 no official report of the part taken 
 by the Regiment in the capture and de- 
 fense of Little Round Top on July ".'d 
 and 3d. 
 
 Fortunately, however, from two 
 other reliable sources of actual partici- 
 pants, accounts of the battle have been 
 prepared and published, and so accur- 
 ately describing the events that they are 
 deemed appropriate f<ir incorporating in 
 this history. 
 
 The first is the description of the 
 advance of \\'eed"s Brigade at double- 
 quick up the rocky heights of Little 
 Round Top, and the bloody encounter oc- 
 curring there. The writer is Doctor 
 Porter Farley, of Rochester, N. V., 
 who was serving in the battle as Adjutant of the One Hundred and Fortieth 
 New York \'olunteers, in Weed's Brigade. Adjutant Farley followed the 
 brave young Colonel O'Rorke in leading the men of the One Hundred and 
 Fortieth New York in the storming of Little Round Top, and was the first 
 to reach the body of O'Rorke as he fell piercetl by a ball from a Confederate 
 sharpshooter. 
 
 As the scenes and experience of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment 
 Pennsylvania A'olunteers was similar to that of the (Jne Hundred and Fortieth 
 New York, in the absence of official reports, Adjutant Farley's historical account 
 is given in full. The second report of the eventful scenes on Little Round Top 
 
 CAPT. porter FARLEY. 
 
188 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 is in a letter from General G. K. Warren, describing the exciting events of the 
 arrival of Weed's Brigade. 
 
 The following are the extracts from Doctor Farley's historical sketch of 
 the scenes in question : 
 
 " The First Division of our Corps, commanded by Brigadier-General Barnes, 
 had preceded us, and our Division, the Second, under Brigadier-General Ayres, 
 followed it. Our Brigade, under Brigadier-General Stephen H. Weed, led the 
 Division, and though my recollection of the order in which the regiments were 
 marching does not agree with that of other officers present, I think that our Regi- 
 ment was the rear one of the Brigade, and that the leading regiments of our 
 Brigade were just over that slightly elevated ground north of Little Round Top, 
 when down its slope on our left, accompanied by a single mounted officer and 
 an orderly, rode General G. K. Warren, our former brigade commander, then 
 acting" as General Meade's Chief Engineer. Warren came straight toward the 
 head of the Regiment where I was riding with the Colonel. He called out to 
 O'Rorke, beginning to speak while still some eight or ten rods from us, that 
 he wanted us to come up there, that the enemy were advancing unopposed up 
 the opposite side of the hill, down which we had just come, and he wanted our 
 Regiment to meet them. He was evidently greatly excited, and spoke in his usual 
 impulsive style. O'Rorke answered. " General Weed is ahead and expects me to 
 follow him.' ' Never mind that.' said Warren. ' bring your Regiment up here 
 and I will take the responsibility." 
 
 " It v^'as a perplexing situation, but without hesitating O'Rorke turned to 
 the left and followed the officer who had been riding with Warren, while Warren 
 himself rode rapidly down the stony hill, whether in the direction from which 
 we had just come or to overtake the rest of the Brigade, I cannot say, but evi- 
 dently to find and order up more troops. The cause for this haste is graphically 
 described by General ^^^arren himself, in a letter which he kindly wrote me 
 under date of July 13. 18'^■2, from which I here take the liberty to quote. He 
 says : 
 
 General \\"arrex's Accouxt of Little Round Top. 
 
 " ' Just before the action began in earnest on July 2d, I was with General 
 Meade near General Sickles, whose troops seemed very badly disposed, on that 
 part of the field. At my suggestion General ]\Ieade sent me to the left to examine 
 the condition of afTairs. and I continued on till I reached Little Round Top. 
 There were no troops on it, and it was used as a signal station. I saw that this 
 was the key to the whole position, and that our troops in the woods in front of it 
 could not see the ground in front of them so that the enemy would come upon 
 them before they would be aware of it. The long line of woods on the west side 
 of the Emmettsburg road (which road was along a ridge ) furnished an excellent 
 place for the enemy to form out of sight, so I requested the Captain of a rifle 
 battery just in front of Little Round Top to fire a shot int(.i these woods. He 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 189 
 
 did so, and as the shot went whistling through the air the sound of it reached 
 the enemy's troops and caused everyone to look in the direction of it. 
 
 " ' This motion revealed to me the glistening of gun barrels and bayonets 
 of the enemy's line of battle, already formed and far outflanking the position of 
 any of our troops, so that the line of his advance from his right to Little Round 
 Top was imopposed. I have been particular in telling this as the discovery was 
 intensely thrilling to my feelings and almost appalling. I immediately sent a 
 hastily written dispatch to General Meade to send a division at least to me, and 
 General Meade directed the Fifth Army Corps to take position there. 
 
 " ' The battle was already beginning to rage at the Peach Orchard, and be- 
 fore a single man reached Little Round Top the whole line of the enemy moved 
 on us in splendid array, shouting in the most confident tones, ^^'hile I was still all 
 alone with the signal officer, the musket balls began to fly around us and he was 
 about to fold up his flags and withdraw, but remained at my request and kept 
 waving them in defiance. Seeing troops going out on the Peach Orchard road, 
 I rode down the hill and fortunately met my old brigade. General Weed, com- 
 manding it, had already passed the point, and I took the responsibility to detach 
 Colonel O'Rorke. the head of whose Regiment I struck, who. on hearing my 
 few words of explanation about the position, moved at once to the hill-top. 
 About this time First-Lieutenant Charles E. Hazlitt, of the Fifth Artillery, with 
 his battery of rifled cannon, arrived. He comprehended the situation instantly 
 and planted his guns on the summit of the hill. He spoke to the effect that 
 though he could do little execution on the enemy with his guns, he could aid in 
 giving confidence to the infantry. He stayed there till he was killed. 
 
 '■ ' I did not see Vincent's Brigade come up. but T suppose it was about this 
 time they came, and coming up behind me through the woods and taking po.st 
 to the left, their proper place, I did not see them. The full force of the enemy 
 was now sweeping the Third Army Corps from its untenable position, and no 
 troops nor any re-enforcements could maintain it. It was the dreadful misfortune 
 of the day that any re-enforcements went to that line, for all alike. Third Corps. 
 Second Corps and Fifth Corps, were driven from it with great loss. The earnest 
 appeals for support drew, I suppose, the troops of the Fifth Corps away from 
 their intended position, that is. Little Round Top, out on the road to the Peach 
 Orchard, and so it was that the Fifth Corps reached this vital point in such small 
 detachments. I was wounded with a mvisket ball while talking with Lieutenant 
 Hazlitt on the hill, but not seriously, and seeing the position saved, while the 
 whole line to the right in front of us was yielding and melting away under the 
 enemy's fire and advance, I left the hill to rejoin General Meade, near the center 
 of the field for a new crisis was at hand.' " 
 
 Regiment Exchanges Arms. 
 
 At Gettysburg, on the -Ith of July. Colonel Cain, who for months previous 
 had been in correspondence with the Government, requesting that he be allowed 
 to exchange the Harper's Ferry buck-and-ball guns of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Regiment for more modern arm? without success, of his own accord 
 
190 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 took advantage of the opportunity to supply his command with the improved 
 Springfield rifles from the thousands of dead Union soldiers — United States 
 Regulars and Volunteer troops — on the field in front of Little Round Top. He, 
 therefore, announced to the men that the enemy, having abandoned the battle- 
 field for a mile in front of Little Round Top, including Devil's Den, that they 
 were at liberty to visit the actual battlefield for the purpose of gathering the arms 
 of the dead and wounded. The horrible sights and scenes of the unburied dead is 
 beyond the power of pen to describe. Private John C. Sias, of Company I, re- 
 lates that, while on this errand in search of arms, he came across, on the im- 
 mense boulders comprising Devil's Den, scores of dead Confederate sharpshooters, 
 many of whom had dropped down into crevices among the massive rocks to a 
 depth that made impossible the recovery of their bodies : that one particular dead 
 Confederate sharpshooter occupied a ledge of a rock, his musket in his hands 
 resting on the rock, apparently sighting his weapon. He had been shot in the 
 forehead and instantly killed. The position of the body of the dead Confederate 
 remaining unchanged, it ])resented a trulj- gruesome sight. No firing of the 
 enemy — even of their sharpshooters — took place while the Union troops from 
 Little Round Top and vicinity were exploring the Peach Orchard, Wheat Field 
 and Devil's Den. on the 4th, e.xcept when members of the Regiment, exchanging 
 arms, ventured too close to the Union outposts, and mingled among the Bucktail 
 and the Berdan sharpshooters on the advanced picket line. Shots were then occa- 
 sionally exchanged by the opposing pickets, but they were only desultory and did 
 but little harm. 
 
 Gener.\l F.vrxsworth's Charge of Cav.\lrv. 
 
 One of the many striking episodes of the grand battle of Gettysburg was 
 the tragic death of General Elon J. Farnswortli, which occurred on the 3d of 
 July. 
 
 About two o'clock in the afternoon, when the air was being made discordant 
 with hideous noises and the earth was seemingly rocking and reeling like a 
 drunken man, from the brazen throats of two hundred and twenty-five pieces 
 of artillery, exploding caissons and ammunition wagons of both armies. General 
 Farnsworth's Brigade of Kilpatrick's Division of Pleasanton's Cavalry Corps, 
 swept around the base of Little Round Top, and charged upon the right flank of 
 Lee's army, resting upon the Fmmettsburg road. This point, so vital to the safety 
 of the Confederate army, was most carefully and strongly guarded b)' artillery and 
 infantry. So fierce and impetuous, however, was the onslaught of this cavalry 
 brigade, under General Farnswortli. that they rode over the enemy's pickets 
 and skirmishers, and faced the infantry lines with flashing sabers. 
 
 The Confederate General Law relates that so courageous and determined was 
 the assault of these Federal troopers, in this charge, that they forced their horses 
 up to the very muzzles of the rifles of the Confederate infantry, and that the 
 use of artillery was unavailable against them. The First Vermont Cavalry, under 
 General Farnswortli in person, broke through the strongly defended line, and 
 swept up the valley in the rear of the enemy's main line in gallant style. The 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 191 
 
 jaded and exhausted steeds of the sturdy Vermonters, however, soon flagged, and, 
 checked in front by overwhelming forces of infantry and hemmed in on all sides 
 by superior forces of the enemy, the little band, with rapidly emptying saddles, 
 was compelled to describe a complete circle, and attempt to escape by charging 
 upon the point of the enemy's line where they had broken in. This gap, how- 
 ever, had by this time been closed by a strong force of the enemy, the severe fire 
 from which caused the remnant of the brave riders to recoil and veer to the left. 
 About a dozen of the troopers at this point separated from the main body of the 
 riders, and made their escape by running the gauntlet of the fire of an entire 
 Confederate regiment. 
 
 General Farnsworth. with his handful of intrepid followers, sought refuge in 
 the woods at the base of Little Round Top. There they ran upon the skirmish 
 line of the Fifteenth Alabama Confederate Regiment, and, pistol in hand. General 
 Farnsworth, already sorely wounded, demanded their surrender. In return the 
 Confederate skirmish line fired upon him, killing his horse and wounding the 
 General in several places. 
 
 As the devoted General fell from his horse, a Confederate Lieutenant ap- 
 proached and demanded his surrender, which the General curtly refused, at the 
 same time shooting himself through the head with his own revolver. 
 
 It is related from Confederate sources that while General Farnsworth was 
 massing his troops for the charge in close proximity to the Confederate lines, a 
 voice was heard to exclaim in loud, angry and excited tones, " Colonel, if you 
 are afraid to attack, by God, I will lead the charge myself! " 
 
 It was supposed in Confederate circles that, knowing the madness of the 
 proposed attack upon the enemy's strong infantry lines. General Farnsworth 
 had advised against it, but stung to the quick by the implied insinuation of 
 General Kilpatrick, he was goaded on to make the desperate charge which 
 routed every obstruction in his front, and resulted in his own untimely death, as 
 well as the loss of a most gallant regiment. 
 
 P'alling within the L'nion line, this young General, not yet twenty-five years 
 of age, was buried in the town cemetery of Gettysburg, in a grave surrounded by 
 broken shafts and headstones, uprooted ground and splintered trees, the scene 
 of the awful fighting and destructive firing on the first and the second day at 
 Gettysburg. 
 
 The charge at Balaklava was surpassed by the bold charge of General 
 Farnsworth, and, like that celebrated charge, it was not war, but a useless sacri- 
 fice of life. From the position on Little Round Top the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment, occupying its summit, had an excellent view of this dashing 
 cavalry raid of Farnsworth into the very jaws of death. 
 
 COXFEDER.VTE PRISONERS. 
 
 The large number of Confederate prisoners, many of whom were wounded, 
 made it impossible for the ordinary provost guards of the Army of the Potomac 
 to take charge of them after the battle of Gettysburg, when the enemy left their 
 dead and wounded within the Union lines. Therefore, details from regiments to 
 
192 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 serve as guards to the Confederate prisoners were assigned to convey them to 
 the prisons provided for Confederate soldiers at Washington. Among those de- 
 tailed for this duty were Privates Thomas E. Morgan and John K. Alter, of 
 Company E, of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, who reported to the provost 
 marshal in the town of Gettysburg on July 6th for that duty, with one hundred 
 other guards from other regiments. After ten days' service at that point, they, 
 with over twenty-five hundred prisoners, marched to York, Pa., in detachments, 
 and from there, by passenger trains, the prisoners with their guards, were taken 
 to ^\'ashington city, and the prisoners delivered to the commandant of the 
 Confederate prisons there. These Confederate prisoners seemed to enjoy their 
 experience very much, getting abundance to eat and drink, and none seemed 
 anxious to escape or to quarrel with their captors. 
 
 On the morning of the 6th of July the guards thus detailed from the various 
 regiments witnessed a rather imposing sight in Gettysburg, before going on duty 
 to guard Confederate prisoners. This was the triumphal entry into the town of 
 a New York State militia regiment, numbering over one thousand strong, with 
 magnificent bands of music playing and National colors flying. They exhibited 
 all the airs and bravado of great heroes engaged in the capture of a mighty city 
 which had fallen only after a severe siege. 
 
 The scene would have been more impressive on those veteran guards and 
 other soldier spectators present, who had participated in the battle just ended, had 
 this dandy regiment fired a gun or been near any part of the battlefield during 
 the Gettysburg campaign. 
 
 The militia regiment, however, was put on provost guard duty in the town 
 and vicinity, and held possession of all the famous points during their stay in the 
 neighborhood, for nearly a month, until they were disbanded. 
 
 Before further describing the retreat of the Confederates, it is but proper 
 to advert to the condition in which the close of the battle of Gettysburg left the 
 companies of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment. Not only the actual 
 casualties, which are copied from the official records at the close of this chapter, 
 but the general condition requires mention. As already stated in this narrative, the 
 long and forced marching from Culpeper and United States Ford in Virginia 
 to Gettysburg in pursuit of Lee's army, often in the most sultry heat that early 
 summer produced, resulted in heavy losses in the ranks of the Regiment from 
 sun-stroke, heat exhaustion, blistered feet, and general breakdown of many men 
 in the ranks. Many more in the ranks, sustained by greater strength and deter- 
 mination, at the end of this protracted forced marching to Gettysburg, rallied and 
 went into the action when physically, if insisted upon, they might have been 
 excused by the surgeons because of their condition. Not a few of the dead 
 bodies of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, and of Weed's Brigade, who fell in 
 that action in the storming of Little Round Top, had joined in the assault, were 
 barefooted, being unable to wear shoes because of the condition of their feet. 
 Among those, however, wholly unable to keep up until the last on these fatiguing 
 marches was Color-Sergeant T. C. Lawson, who, by protest of the Regimental 
 Surgeon, was compelled to leave the ranks and take to an ambulance, because of 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 103 
 
 his broken-down and exhausted condition. Sergeant Milton Ziegler and Private 
 CoHn Latta, of Company E. were sun-struck and dropped from the ranks on this 
 march, near Centerville. They were most excellent soldiers, but sustained such 
 lasting injuries that they never returned to their company, and after years of 
 suffering in civil life, died from the effects of the injuries received on this severe 
 campaign. These names do not comprise all who were thus forced from the 
 ranks on that march to Gettysburg. Among the Regimental officers there were 
 similar cases of suffering from the protracted marches, and equal heroism dis- 
 played in persistently accompanying the Regiment to the battlefield at Gettysburg. 
 Captain S. A. McKee, commanding Company I. who had served in the Mexican 
 War. and on whom age was already beginning to tell, was sick, and in the division 
 hospital when the orders to march to Gettysburg were issued. With a soldier's 
 instinct, he refused a sick-leave tendered him by the surgeons, and in an ambu- 
 lance, day after day, followed the devious marches of the Regiment to the field 
 of Gettysburg. The opening of the battle, however, caused him to leave the am- 
 bulance in the rear, and to join his command and to take command of the com- 
 pany just as it was entering the assault on Little Round Top on July '^d. In lead- 
 ing his company in this action. Captain McKee was among the fir^-t struck, re- 
 ceiving a painful wound. 
 
 Coi-ONEL Allen Returns to Regiment. 
 
 Colonel Allen, leaving a sick bed in Pittsburg, and against the advice of his 
 physicians, determined to join the Regiment wherever stationed. He found the 
 Regiment on picket duty, at L^nited States Ford on the Rappahannock, but pre- 
 paring for the pursuit of the Confederate army invading Pennsylvania. General 
 George Sykes had succeeded to the command of the Division instead of his 
 friend, General Humphreys, under whom Colonel Allen had served so gallantly 
 at Fredericksburg. Colonel Allen's condition after his arrival in camp indicated 
 that he was far from having recovered his health. He was entitled, by reason of 
 seniority, to command the new brigade to which the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth had been assigned, and which was then under command of Colonel P. H. 
 O'Rorke, of the One Hundred and Fortieth New York Volunteers. Colonel 
 Allen, however, waived the rank question, and requested to be given command of 
 his regiment. General Sykes', however, decided that this could not be done until 
 a court of inquiry would examine the sick leave granted Colonel Allen, and why 
 the formality of renewing it had been overlooked. General Sykes declared that 
 the army regulations gave him no discretion to dispense with the necessary for- 
 mality of a court of inquiry, but promised Colonel Allen to convene such a 
 court at the earliest moment practicable. Before this court of inquiry could be 
 convened, however, orders to march were issued, and the Maryland and the Penn- 
 sylvania campaign began. 
 
 Colonel Allen, being assigned an orderly, at first rode on the march on 
 horseback, but the exposure to rains and damp grounds soon disabled him from 
 continuing the campaign on horseback. Determining, however, to be with his 
 regiment and take command in the approaching battle, he, with indomitable pluck 
 
194 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 and spirit, continued on the long and wearied marches, often by night as well as 
 by day, in an ambulance, until the Gettysburg battlefield was reached. He later 
 found the Regiment on Little Round Top on Jvily the 2d and 3d, sharing in 
 the shelling and the protection of the friendly rocks of the celebrated ground 
 with the men and officers of his Regiment. His condition, however, became so 
 much worse that his men cut him a pair of crutches to enable him to walk. 
 
 General Sykes, while e.xpressing admiration of the determined and soldierly 
 instincts of Colonel Allen, declined to grant a renewal of the latter's request 
 for restoration to the command of his regiment, announcing that under the army 
 regulations he was powerless to grant the request, more especially so as since the 
 Colonel had participated in the long march and battle, his disabilities had so in- 
 creased as to incapacitate him for the command of the Regiment. 
 
 On July .5th, when the army had left Little Round Top, and resumed the 
 march in pursuit of the defeated Confederate army, Colonel Allen, being unable 
 to follow, sought the protection of a farm house nearby. Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Cain, commanding the Regiment, and all the officers and many of the men, paid 
 Colonel Allen a farewell visit at his tent amid the rocks of Little Round Top, and 
 bade him a most affectionate adieu, as the Corps left the rock}' summit to join 
 in pursuit of Lee's army. 
 
 Other changes and separations of officers, whose last appearance with the 
 Regiment was at Gettysburg, took place. Lieutenant E. A. Montooth. the highly 
 popular Adjutant of the Regiment since its organization, soon after the Confed- 
 erates crossed into Virginia, received an appointment from Governor Curtin, in 
 the office of Adjutant-General of Pennsylvania. Adjutant Montooth re-joined 
 the Regiment, and participated in the homeward march, the Grand Review at 
 Washington of the Amiy of the Potomac, and the public reception of the Regi- 
 ment at Pittsburg. 
 
 First-Lieutenant Joseph Torrence Power was detailed, after the battle of 
 Gettysburg, to the Treasury Department at \\'ashington. 
 
 IxciDEXTs OF Deaths of Wycoff .\nd Welton. 
 
 Private William Welton, of Company E, who was instantly killed in the 
 Confederate's attack on I^ittle Round Top, on the afternoon of July 2d, was shot 
 in the throat. Lnmediately back of him, and at about the same time, standing a 
 little higher up on the hillside, was Sergeant Isaac Wycoff, of the same com- 
 pany, who also was instantly killed by a minie ball entering his forehead. 
 
 As showing how httle incidents produce unexpected results, in the case of 
 William Welton, his messmates, Privates Chas. F. McKenna and James P. 
 O'Neil, immediately after this, his fatal wound, took the contents of his pockets 
 from his body, consisting of a prayer book and some letters to his affianced, with 
 a view of sending the articles to his family. This action occurred in the middle of 
 the battle, the comrades named not being allowed to leave the ranks long enough 
 to take the bod)' of their messmate to the rear. The stretcher-bearers appeared 
 and helped to place the body on the stretcher, and it was carried away to the rear. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 195 
 
 WILLIAM WELTON. 
 
 SGT. ISAAC WYCOFF, 
 
 The messmates named, being obliged to resume loading and firing in the ranks, 
 knew not to what point the body was carried by the stretcher-bearers. This 
 friendly action of \\'elton"s messmates resulted in the loss at his burial in the 
 rear of all data to indicate his name, rank or regiment, so that Private Welton 
 was buried in a grave marked " name unknown." When the orders to cease 
 firing had been issued, Sergeant Wyckoff's body was carried to the rear by orders 
 of Lieutenant Powers, with whom Wyckoff had enlisted. Xoah H. Pangburn and 
 William S. Hindman, of Elizabeth, Pa., Wyckoff's place of residence, looked after 
 his burial and the due marking of his grave. 
 
 A remarkable coincidence seemed to prevail on these forced marches in the 
 fact that the extraordinary tall soldiers in the ranks were often the first to break 
 down, exhausted with the severity of the thirty-mile daily journeys. Thus, Lieu- 
 tenant Porter D. Marshall, of Company K, six feet, nine inches in height, con- 
 ceded to be the tallest soldier in the army, who had sustained all the hardships of 
 all the previous campaigns, succumbed to the fatigues and dropped out of the 
 ranks, excused from all duty, on June 30, being conveyed to a hospital. He was 
 a brave soldier, never before missing an action. 
 
 Sergeant Thomas C. Lawson, of Company H, also over six feet tall, who 
 had won great distinction with the colors at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, 
 was ordered from the ranks on the same day with Lieutenant Marshall, for 
 physical disability resulting from the protracted marches and was reluctantly 
 compelled to turn the colors over temporarily to Corporal Mathew Bennett. 
 
l!)il 
 
 r\r)i-;R riiK maltf.se cross. 
 
 Licuii'iKiiit .Mar-liall. the Regimental giant, and Sergeant l.awson soon re- 
 cnperateil and ixtnrncd id duty in their respective companies, present in every 
 battle from ticttysburg tn Appomattox, it being also notable that notwithstanding 
 their extraordinary size, both escajiod the missiles of the enemy during their en- 
 tire term of service. 
 
 Captain James 15. I 'aimer. (Juartermaster of the t)ne Hundred and Fifty- 
 t'lfth, although by his i ffice not recpiired to particijKite in battle, was accepted by 
 General Steven 11. Weed as a volunteer aide-de-camp on his staff on the morning 
 (if July ■?, ]Sli;>, and was serving with the General on Little Round Top, where 
 the Confederate sharpshooter from Devil's Den luortally wounded that officer. 
 Captain Palmer conlimied his services with General Garrard, tlie successor of 
 (general Weed, during the remainder of the battle. 
 
 Tiiic Casialties at Gettysburg. 
 
 Corporal Mathew Hennett, of Company L was detailed by Colonel Cain 
 a day or two before the battle of Gettysburg, to take charge temporarily of the 
 colors during the absence of Color-Sergeant Thomas C. Lawson, who was for 
 the time being incajiacitated for active duty by the severe marching, and Ser- 
 geant Reimett performed his duty with credit to himself. 
 
 Color-Cor]ioral John IL Mackin, of Company F, was wounded in the shoulder 
 on ascending Little Round Top, but despite the severity of the wound, remained 
 to the eiul of the battle, when, unable to resume the march, he reported to the 
 hospital, his wound being imicli aggravated by his neglect to secure earlv medical 
 treatment. 
 
 Color-Corjioral fliomas J. Tomer, 
 of Company E, who had a surgeon's pass 
 in his pocket enabling him to straggle 
 free from interference from the provost 
 guards because of his fatigued and ex- 
 hausted condition from forced marches, 
 entered the battle with the colors, and 
 was stricken down at the first fire of the 
 enemy, on Little Round Top, being so 
 badly wounded that he was never able to 
 resume duty in the field, and causing 
 him to be a sufferer for life. 
 
 Also mortally wounded at Gettys- 
 burg, in the attack of the Texan brigade 
 on the position of the One Hundred and 
 b'ifty-fifth, was Corporal David M. 
 Smith, of Company B. He was wounded 
 in the left groin, and was carried back a 
 short time after the attack, but died just 
 as he reached the foot of Little Round 
 
 JOHN COWAN. Top. 
 
UNDER THE MALTl'-SIC CROSS. 
 
 19? 
 
 Privalc W'illiaui Oouj^lass. of Com- 
 pany 1!. about the same time was struck 
 in the center of the foreheatl and with a 
 piercing shriek fell back dead. 
 
 In tlie very advance of his company. 
 Corporal Henry F. Weaver, of Company 
 B, one of the yolnisjest hoys in the Regi- 
 ment, was wmnuk'd in the ball of the 
 right ankle joint, necessitating immedi- 
 ate am]nUalion at the Field Hospital, at a 
 time when, as in a letter he describes it. 
 " the balls kept coming as numerous ap- 
 parently as drops of rain in a heavy 
 shower," and as he farther states, he la\' 
 there " exjiecting to get aiuither bullet in 
 the head at any minute." 
 
 Compan\ K had four men wounded 
 and one killeil — Lieutenant Foster and 
 Privates Shields. I let rick and David 
 Kirkpatrick. the last-naniecl being struck 
 by a ball, but not disabled. Private John 
 Cowan was shot through the bowels and 
 killed. 
 
 The Regiment had no chaplain at 
 Gettysburg. 
 
 FlKI.U 1 loSl'LTAl.. 
 
 CORP. HARRY F. WEAVER. 
 
 i\ matter requiring acknowledgment 
 here was the efficiency and zeal of the 
 Regimental surgeons. Doctor j. A. E. 
 Reed and Doctor W. Stockton Wilson, 
 
 Assistant-Surgeon, and Ellis C. Thorn, hospital steward, in the Gettysburg 
 campaign. These officers were indefatigable in their attentions and efforts to 
 relieve the sufferings on the march and in camp, and to the great increase of their 
 duties precipitated by the three days battles of Gettysburg. 
 
 The emergency field hospitals at the rear of Little Round Top were opened 
 immediately on the attack by the enemy on that stroughnld. and necessarily the 
 field hospitals had to lie located as close as possible to where the injured fell. A 
 nearby woods in a p(Vsition supposed to be somewhat sheltered was hastily se- 
 lected by the surgeons as a site for the field hospitals, w hich were located in many 
 instances within four or live hundred yards back of the position occupied by the 
 regiments anil batteries in front. The Fifth Corjis and Sykes' Division field 
 hospital were not far from General Meade's he;idi|uartcr-. during the battle. 
 Corporal Weaver, Color-Corporal Tomer, of Com]iany E. and others who were 
 carried back to these field hospitals described the scenes of the accumulated 
 
198 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 DR. THOMAS J. GALLAHER. 
 
 DR. JOHN DICKSON. 
 
 DR. THOMAS W. SHAW. 
 
 DR. JOSEPH DICKSON. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 199 
 
 thousands of wounded deposited by the stretcher-bearers on the grounds, await- 
 ing their turn for treatment, or the amputation table, during the afternoon of 
 the 2d and the 3d of July, as something terrific in its impressions. The enemy's 
 bombardment and shelling reached the woods and rocks near these field hospitals, 
 and the surgeons at their posts zealously discharging their duties, and in many 
 cases whilst performing amputation operations on the table, were exposed to as 
 deadl}' a fire from the enemy as were those in the front on the firing line : yet they 
 did not desist or prove recreant to their duties. 
 
 Volunteer Surgeons and Nurses Reach B.attlefield. 
 
 Before the sounds of battle at Gettysburg had ceased, delegations of good 
 people, principally physicians and Christian Commission members, reached the 
 front and tendered their much-needed services to the already overworked sur- 
 geons, nurses and hospital stewards. Philadelphia and Pittsburg surgeons arrived 
 in considerable numbers, bringing with them supplies of medicines, instruments, 
 lint and other needed articles. The men of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 Regiment were gladdened by the visits of esteemed and skilled surgeons from 
 Pittsburg, with home messages, and were especially delighted to witness their 
 prompt devotion to their professional duties. 
 
 Of the many patriotic surgeons so promptly on the battlefield, tendering 
 their services, are recalled, Doctor Thomas W. Shaw, Doctor Thomas 
 J. Gallaher, Doctor John Dickson, Doctor Joseph Dickson and Doctor George L. 
 McCook, and others not now recalled. 
 
 Abundance of supplies for the wounded and sick followed the departure 
 of the delegation of surgeons for the bat- 
 tlefield, being provided by the Christian 
 Commission. No corps of surgeons labored 
 more devotedly in the field hospitals on the 
 battlefield and in the town of Gettysburg, 
 than did the patriotic members of the Pitts- 
 burg delegation, and too much praise can- 
 not be awarded the noble deeds and acts of 
 the surgeons named. All have long since 
 passed away to their eternal reward. 
 
 Nor was the patriotic devotion of the 
 profession confined alone to those who so 
 promptly rallied to the relief of the wounded 
 and sick after each battle. Doctor Albert G. 
 Walter, a surgeon of National reputation, 
 conducted a hospital in Pittsburg during the 
 Civil ^^'ar, and gave to soldiers his unremit- 
 ting attention and highest skill. Doctor 
 George AlcCook, Sr., also an eminent sur- 
 geon of Pittsburg, gave freely of his skill 
 and services to the Union soldiers, his ad- ^^ albert g. Walter. 
 
200 
 
 UNDER THE AfALTESE CROSS. 
 
 vanced age alone preventing his tak- 
 ing the field of active service with his 
 numerous kinsmen, the fighting Mc- 
 Cook's of Ohio. 
 
 The late Doctor James McCann, 
 who attained the highest rank in the 
 surgical profession in Pennsylvania, 
 imbibed the patriotic spirit of his pre- 
 ceptors, Doctors John, Joseph and 
 Thomas Dickson, of Pittsburg, and 
 immediately upon graduating at Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania, volunteered 
 as Assistant Surgeon of the Fifth 
 ]\egiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 and served until the close of the war. 
 In the field hospital at Antietam, 
 Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and 
 Gettysburg and in Grant's ^'irginia 
 campaigns, the young surgeon was un- 
 remitting in his devotion to the 
 wounded. Doctor Edward J. Don- 
 nelly, surgeon of Ninth Pennsylvania 
 Reserves, of Pittsburg, served in all 
 the campaigns of the Army of the Potomac and at his post of duty on the battle- 
 field, relieving the badly wounded. He was captured and taken prisoner by the 
 enemv several times, declinino- to abandon the wounded. 
 
 DR. JAMES McCANN. 
 
 OFFICIAL REPORT GETTYSBURG. 
 
 Report of Colonel Kenner G.\rr.\rd, One Hundred and Fortv-sixth Regi- 
 ment New York Inf.\ntry, Commanding Third Brigade. 
 
 Headquarters Third Brigade. Second Division. Fifth Army Corps. 
 
 Camp near Berlin, Aid., July 16. 1863. 
 
 Sir: 
 
 I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the Third 
 
 Brigade in the late battle near Gettysburg : 
 
 On the 'id instant, after changing position several times in the early part 
 of the morning, the Brigade with the Division remained idle, lying by their arms 
 until about 4 p. m. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 201 
 
 At this time the Brigade was moved rapidly forward (most of the time at 
 the double-quick) nearly one and one-half miles, when it came under the fire of 
 the enemy's musketry ; at this point the leading regiment, under the direction of 
 General Warren, Chief Engineer Army, of the Potomac, was led to the left up 
 on what is known as Round Top ridge. Hazlitt's Battery ascended the ridge im- 
 mediately in the rear of this regiment (the One Hundred and Fortieth New 
 York Volunteers, Colonel P. H. O'Rorke, commanding) and went into battery on 
 the summit. The One Hundred and Fortieth was formed in line, and was im- 
 mediately closeh' engaged with the enemy at short musket range on the left slope 
 of the ridge. 
 
 A portion of the First Division, Fifth Army Corps, was engaged to the left 
 of the ridge, and this regiment and Hazlitt's Battery were brought up to assist 
 the First Division in repelling a heavy assault of the enemy, with the evident 
 design of gaining this ridge. Colonel O'Rorke was mortally wounded at the head 
 of his regiment, while leading it into action. The other regiments. One Hundred 
 and Forty-sixth New York \'olunteers and the Ninety-first and One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania \'olunteers, were led to the right and front some dis- 
 tance and formed in line in a narrow valley to support a portion of the Third 
 Corps and Watson's Battery, then severely pressed by the enemy. Before be- 
 coming engaged, however, orders were received for these regiments to return at 
 double-quick to Round Top ridge, and secure and hold that position. The 
 Ninety-first was posted on the left of the battery connecting with the One Hun- 
 dred and Fortieth : the One Hundred and Forty-sixth and One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth were posted on the right, extending from the battery on the summit 
 along the crest of the ridge to the gorge on the right. As soon as the regiments 
 had their positions, men from each regiment were advanced down the slope to the 
 front in among the rocks and together with those in line on the crest actively en- 
 gaged the enemy during the rest of the day. At night this ridge, naturally strong, 
 was strengthened by building a stonewall about half way down the slope wherever 
 the rocks offered no protection to the men. 
 
 The next day the Brigade remained in the same position and, though under 
 the shells of the enemy and exposed to their sharpshooters, it was not engaged 
 to any extent. When the Brigade and Hazlitt's Battery seized this ridge, it was 
 done under a heavy musketry fire and was entirely unoccupied, excepting by a part 
 of the First Division, on the extreme left, and I am gratified to report to the 
 General commanding the Division, that the order to secure ami hold this ridge 
 was faithfully executed. 
 
 At no time during July 2d, 3d and 4th, after its position was assigned it, did 
 any regiment of the Brigade leave its place, excepting at the time of the heavy 
 assault, a portion of some of the regiments advanced to the front down the slope 
 of the ridge, in order to have a better fire at the enemy. 
 
 A few moments after General Weed, the Brigade Commander, had placed 
 his command in position on this ridge, he was mortally wounded, on the summit 
 near the Battery. Lieutenant Hazlitt, commanding the Battery, while offering 
 his assistance to General Weed, fell, mortally wounded. 
 
 I am pleased to report that all the regiments performed their duty well, and 
 
303 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 that during the two days' battle, the officers and the men conducted themselves 
 in the most praiseworthy manner. 
 
 A report of the casualties has already been furnished. 
 \'ery respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 K. Garrard. 
 Colonel One Hundred and Forty-sixth New ^'ork Volunteers, 
 
 Commanding ESrigade. 
 Geot?ge Rvax, 
 
 Captain and A. A. A. G., Second Division, Fifth Army Corps. 
 
 GEN. VINCENTS MONUMENT. 83RD PA. VOLS. 
 
 Simultaneous with the advance of Weed's Brigaile with the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers storming of Little Round Top on July 
 2d, under direction of General Warren, the Eighty-third Regiment Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, led by Colonel Strong Vincent, was storming the opposite side of the 
 mount, and met with fierce resistance from Confederate sharpshooters and a 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 303 
 
 hand-to-hand encounter (hiring which the brave Colonel \ iiicent fell, mortally 
 wounded. He survived, however, long enough to receive direct promotion to a 
 Brigadier-Generals rank, by telegraphic order of President Lincoln. Pennsylvania 
 has erected a magnificent motuiment on Round Top to his memory and that of 
 comrades of the 83d, who also fell in the battle. 
 
 Colonel Vincent, as Brigade commander, spoke his last words in action to 
 Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain, of the Twentieth Alaine \'olunteers, who assumed 
 ■command of the Brigade on the fall of Vincent early in the battle. 
 
 The heavy volleys of O'Rorke's regimet.t. (Dne Hundred and Fortieth New 
 York, in the advance of \\'eed's brigade on the summit of the ridge was heard by 
 Chamberlain, as his men engaged in a hand-to-hand conflict with the Texan troops 
 of Longstreet's corps on the left slope of Little Round Top. It ended b}- Cham- 
 berlain's, at the head of the Twentieth Maine, leading a successful bayonet charge 
 against the Confederate column which was seeking to pass through the gap be- 
 tween Little and Big Round Top Mountains, and thereby outflank the Union po- 
 sition. The losses of \\'eed's and Vincent's Brigades were unusually heavy in this 
 action, the destructive aim of the enemy's sharpshooters adding to the number of 
 casualties. 
 
 The late Lieutenant Arthur W. Bell, of the One Hundred and Fifty-tifth 
 Regiment, who was in charge of the Ambulance Corps of \\'eed's Brigade, states 
 in his report, that between 4 p. m. of July 3d and 3 a. m. of the 3d, the stretcher- 
 bearers removed from the rocks and fields of the positions occupied by the bri- 
 gades of Weed and \'incent over thirteen lumdred wounded. 
 
 Retreat of Enemy Discovered. 
 
 The picket firing continued all day of the 4th between the two armies. Re- 
 connoitering parties of United States Regular cavalry had been sent out by 
 General Meade at intervals during all day of the -Ith, and at dark the officers in 
 charge reported to General Meade that the enemy still occupied all their works 
 and picket lines, with no evidence of their abandoning anv portion of the same. 
 
 Before daylight of the •'Jth Meade and all his stat¥ were awake and alert for 
 action. General Warren, accompanied by Captain E. B. Cope, A. D. C, was dis- 
 patched to make observations of the enemy's movements from Little Round Top 
 as soon as daylight would allow a view. 
 
 There, surrounded by the men of W'eed's Brigade, still fast asleep in their 
 water-soaked blankets, Warren, with his powerful field glasses, made important 
 ■observations which caused him for confirmation to ride to the advanced picket 
 lines of Wright's division of the Sixth Corps. This division then occupied the 
 Peach Orchard, the scene of the great fight of the Third Corps on July 2d. War- 
 ren then made a personal reconnoissance across the picket line and out along the 
 Emmittsburg Road and found all the positions of the enemy deserted, and that 
 Iiee's entire army and trains had. under cover of darkness and of the heavy rains, 
 retreated during the night. Warren, on this discovery, rejoined Captain Cope on 
 Little Round Top and at once, representing Meade, delivered to General Sedgwick 
 orders to have the Sixth Corps, then in reserve, immediately to march in pursuit 
 of the retreating Confederate army. On Warren's reporting the retreat of Lee's 
 army. General Meade dispatched his cavalry in pursuit. 
 
204 L'XDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Chapter X. 
 
 RETREAT OF THE CONFEDERATE ARMY. 
 
 Confederate Army Retreats Across Potomac. — Regulars Sent to New 
 York. — Execution of Five Deserters. — Army of Potomac and Confederate 
 Army Maneuver for Position. — Union Army Moves Toward Orange Court 
 House. — Preparations for Battle. — Union Army Withdraws. — Winter 
 Quarters at W'arrexton Junction. — Incidents of Mine Run Campaign. — 
 Colonel Edwin M. Gregory, of Ninety'-first Pennsylvania, Becomes Com- 
 mander OF Brigade. — New Year's Day, 1864. in Camp. — One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Receives Zouave Uniform. — Lieutenant-Colonel Pearson 
 Assumes Command of Regiment. — Regiment Complimented for Proficiency 
 Tactics by General Garrard. — Description of Zouave Uniform. — Religious 
 Exercises in Camp. — Drowning of Captain Joseph B. Sackett, Command- 
 ing Company E. — Lmpressive Military Funeral. — Regiment Transferred 
 to First Brigade. First Division, Fifth Corps. — Major-General Gouveneur 
 K. AX'arren SixcEEDs General Sykes as Commander of Fifth Corps. — Fare- 
 well Address of Gener,al Sykes. — Orders Received to Break Camp. — Gen- 
 eral Ayres Commands First Division, now Consolidated to Brigade. — -Fifth 
 Corps Ca.mps for the Night on Outskirts of Wilderness. 
 
 ^Jfe-S^^N THE morning of the 4th day of July, 1863, the Third Brigade, Sec- 
 ■r^iw ""'-' Division, Fifth Corps, to which Colonel Kenner Garrard had 
 Mr^X|M succeeded General Weed in command, together with the Sixth 
 ' ^^^^^^ I'nited States Regulars of the Second Brigade, same Division, was 
 ordered on a reconnoissance in front of Little Round Top. Moving 
 about a mile to the frnnt, through the Wheatfield, it was found that Lee was 
 still holding a strong position towards the center of the line, thus leaving the 
 contested grounds of the battlefield of the three days previous all within the 
 Union line, as stated, for a mile in front of Little Round Top. While this ad- 
 vance of the Fifth Corps was being developed. General Slocum had made a 
 reconnoissance on the right, and discovered that the Confederates had wholly 
 withdrawn from the front of the right of the army. It is presumed that General 
 Lee rather courted an attack from General Meade at this time, but the latter 
 was too clear-headed to give up his defensive position when he knew that General 
 Lee must attack him or run away. As already stated, the remainder of the 4th 
 of July was fully occupied by the Union army in getting up its large wagon 
 trains with supplies and ammunition, caring for the wounded, burying the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. ^OS 
 
 (lead, and putting things in order generally fur immediate pursuit of the 
 Confederates. 
 
 Instead of pursuing the Confederates on the direct line uf their retreat, the 
 Union army made a flank movement by the east side of South Mountain. Lee's 
 army, by direct march, reached Williamsport on the 7th of July, two days after 
 retreating from Gettysburg, and finding that its pontoon bridge had been de- 
 stroyed by the Union cavalry, and the river swollen to a height of seven feet by 
 recent rains, immediately threw up intrenchments. and strongly fortified its 
 position. 
 
 The L^nion army, having crossed South Mountain, did not reach the vicin- 
 
 JULY 4th. 1863' 
 
 GENERAL ORDERS \ 
 NO. 08. / 
 
 •Tke Commanding General, in bebalf of the countiy, thanks the Army of the Po- 
 yavoio for the glorious result of the recent operations. 
 
 An enemy superior in numbers and flushed with the pride of a successful invasion, 
 attempted to overcome and destroy thifl Army. Utterly baffled and defeated, he has 
 now withdrawn from the contest. The privations and fatigue the Army haa endured, 
 and the heroio courage and gallantry ij has displayed will be matters of history to bo 
 ever remembered. 
 
 Oar tasit is not yet accomplished, and the Commanding General looks to tho Army 
 for greater efforts to drive from our soil every vestige of the presence of the invader. 
 It is right and proper that wo should, on all suitable occasions, return our grateful 
 thanks to the Almighty Disposer of events, that io the goodness of hia Providence 
 He has.ibhoaght fit to give victory to tho cause of the just. 
 
 liy command of 
 
 MAJ. GEN. MEADE. 
 S- "WiLUAMS, Asst. Adj. General 
 
 Facsimile of Meade's announcement of his victory over Lee at Gettysburg. 
 From ihe original id possession of Judge Samuel W. Pennypacker. 
 
 ity of Williamsport until the l"3th, thus afifording the eneni)- nearly a week in 
 which to further strengthen its works and prepare for an expected attack. 
 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, in line of battle with other regiments of 
 Ayres' Division, advanced several miles before coming into contact with the 
 Confederates in their intrenchments. The Brigade and Division immediately 
 began to fortify preparatory to assaulting the enemy's works. No movement was 
 made, however, until the 13th of July, when the skirmishers along the line be- 
 came engaged with the enemy and the Union troops prepared to make an 
 assault. 
 
30(i UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 No orders to attack, however, came before the morning of the 14th. when, 
 on the advance of the Union troops, the Confederate works were found to be 
 deserted, Lee's army having retreated across the Potomac at Falhng Waters, a 
 short distance from Wilhamsport, during the previous night. 
 
 The results of the campaign in pursuit of Lee by the Fifth Corps were 
 several hundred prisoners captured from the enemy's rear guard before thev 
 could cross the river. The Confederates also sustained a great loss in the death 
 of General Pettigrew, who had led a brigade in Pickett's recent charge at 
 Gettysburg. 
 
 After crossing the enemy's works in the morning of the 14th, three brave 
 boys of Company K — E. A. Calhoun and R. O. and G. H. Clever — while passing 
 a house saw througli a window several Confederates enjoving a good breakfast 
 before taking their departure for ^'irginia. The Company K boys captured the 
 entire squad. 
 
 Council of War. 
 
 After a council of war on the night of the 13th of July, at which were 
 present Generals John Sedgwick, John Newton, George Sykes, H, W. Slocum, 
 O. O. Howard, D. B. Birney, G. K. Warren. Chief Engineer, A. A. Humphreys, 
 Chief of Staff, H. J. Hunt, Chief of Artillery, and John Gibbon, succeeding 
 Hancock in command of the Second Corps, the strength of the enemy's fortifica- 
 tions and natural defenses were discussed, resulting in quite a division of opinion 
 as to the chances of success in case of an assault by the Union army upon the 
 Confederate strongholds. General Meade was from the first favorable to the 
 assault, but was induced to delay by the many arguments adduced against it, 
 until the end of the council, when he gave the order to attack. 
 
 The 14th was spent in preparing for the assault : but when the advance was 
 began no enemy was found, the Confederates having retreated during the 
 night. 
 
 The enemy's works were found to be of the most formidable character, ex- 
 hibiting the highest military skill and engineering in construction. 
 
 It was a matter of deep regret, in view of later developments as to Lee's 
 condition, that he should have been allowed to escape once more to southern soil. 
 There must have been a sting in the remark said to have been made by President 
 Lincoln to General Aleade and his corps commanders shortly afterwards, that. 
 " The fruit seemed so ripe, so ready for the plucking, that it was very hard 
 to lose it." 
 
 The next day, July 15th, the arm}' was again on the move, marching 
 twenty-six miles across South Mountain. The next day the Fifth Corps moved 
 down the Potomac to Berlin, and towards evening crossed the river on pontoons, 
 and the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was again on " old Virginia soil." 
 
 For the next few days the Fifth Corps moved along the Loudoun valley 
 amidst the marvelous profusion of blackberries. The One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth ate blackberries for breakfast, for dinner and for supper. There appeared 
 to be berries enough to supply several armies. During the night bivouacs the 
 
UNDER THE ^lALTESE CROSS. 
 
 207 
 
-208 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 boys exercised llieir ingenuit}- in making blackberry shortcake out of crushed 
 hardtack and berries. 
 
 On the 24th of July, the Third Corps, commanded by General French, had 
 a skirmish with the enemy at Wapping Heights, near Piedmont, in the mountains. 
 Lee's army was retreating up the Shenandoah valley, and General Meade ordered 
 General French to make a flank attack on the Confederate columns through a 
 pass in the mountains. 
 
 General French was so dilatory in obeying this order that the enemy's col- 
 umns had all passed the point of the proposed attack before French reached 
 the position. 
 
 His advance consisted of a brigade of Hooker's old corps, who, as they 
 moved forward toward the crest which the rear guard of Lee's troops was de- 
 fending, coolly loaded and fired ; then ate blackberries a while ; then loaded and 
 fired and moved onward and upward a few steps ; then ate more blackberries, all 
 the while ridiculing their General. 
 
 On the morning of the 2.5th of July, the Fifth Corps advanced in line of 
 battle toward the Confederate position, but with the exception of some desultory 
 skirmishing at a few points along the line with scouting parties of the enemy, no 
 firing took place, the main body of the Confederate rear guard having retreated 
 •during the night. 
 
 After various marches and movements of little interest to the general 
 reader, but very trying to the patience of the soldiers, the Fifth Corps and the 
 other corps of the army retraced their steps through the mountain gap, and, 
 moving by way of Warrenton, went into camp at Beverly Ford, on the Rappa- 
 hannock, on August 6, 1863. 
 
 Two Brigades United States Regulars Sent to New York. 
 
 On the 13th of August, 1863, the two brigades of the United States Regu- 
 lars, under General R. B. .\yres, were, with other troops, detached and sent to 
 New York. It was expected that General Ayres' entire Division, with Garrard's 
 Brigade and the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, would be included in this New 
 York detail, but at the eleventh hour the plan was changed and only the Regular 
 brigades were sent. The object of this detail was to preserve and restore order 
 in New York City after the reign of terror produced by the memorable draft 
 riots. 
 
 On the 20th of August, 1863, five deserters from the One Hundred and 
 Eighteenth Pennsylvania, belonging to the Fifth Corps, were executed. The 
 solemn afifair took place in an immense meadow shaped like a large amphitheater. 
 Orders were issued for the parading of as many regiments of the Fifth Corps 
 as could be spared from picket and other duties. Five graves had been dug, and 
 a coffin placed beside each grave. All were attended by ministers of their own 
 faith — two being Catholic, two Protestant, and the fifth was a Jew. After 
 the procession had been formed and the parade to the place of execution had 
 taken place, the prisoners, riding in an open army ambulance, alighted and were 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 20» 
 
 then seated on their coffins. The firing party, consisting of sixteen files of men, 
 were drawn up in front of the place of execution, within sixty feet of the 
 condemned men. The bearing of all these individuals was firm and steady, ex- 
 cept the Jew, whose form of praying seemed to be hysterical, causing him to 
 appear to be completely overcome. After a few minutes delay, the bugle sounded 
 "attention," the signal f(ir the three chaplains to retire. The prisoners were 
 then blindfolded, and the firing detail was marched to within ten paces of the 
 prisoners, who were blindfolded, whilst a breathless silence pervaded the audi- 
 ence of not less than ten thousand troops. " Ready! Aim! Fire! " rang out on 
 the clear summer air, and the thirty-two muskets belched forth their flaming 
 tongues, and the five men fell dead upon their coffins. But little time was lost, as 
 the troops, playing lively airs, returned to camp. 
 
 An apparent cessation of important movements of both the Union and the 
 Confederate amiy now followed. On the 1.5th of September, 1863, General 
 Halleck, by order of the President, urged General J\leade to move upon Lee's 
 army, it being known that Longstreet's Corps had been detached from the Con- 
 federate army and sent to Tennessee, and General Meade, therefore, issued orders 
 for a forward movement. Then followed a series of maneuvering for position, 
 and strategic tactics completely bewildering to the men in the ranks took place, 
 without results, e.xcept over-marching and exhausting the troops. Both armies, 
 like gladiators sparring for positions, frequently moved up and down the 
 Orange & Alexandria Railroad, crossing the Rappahannock and Rapidan, and 
 occupying and retreating from Culpeper alternately, so often as almost to be- 
 come monotonous. In fact, from this time on until winter set in, the country 
 about the Rappahannock and along the line of the Orange & Alexandria Rail- 
 road became a chessboard on which General Lee and General Meade played a 
 great game. It would be but a weary recital devoid of interest to the reader 
 to narrate the many details of the movements of the rival armies during this 
 period. It became a constant theme for newspapers in the North that the Army 
 of the Potomac was simply a " police guard " for \\'ashington, and also urging 
 that it should renew operations before another winter set in, when campaigning 
 and marching of armies on \'irginia roads would be out of the question. 
 
 MiXE Run Campaigx. — Bitter Cold. 
 
 On the 7th of November, General Meade put his troops in motion to force 
 a passage of the Rappahannock. By a brilliant charge at Rappahannock Station 
 the Sixth Corps, supported by the Fifth, took the works and captured sixteen 
 hundred prisoners. General David A. Russell, commanding the advanced Division 
 of the Sixth Corps, was mortally wounded in the charge. 
 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and Ayres' Division were in the advance of 
 the Fifth Corps in this action. The two corps then crossed to the south side of the 
 river, and went into camp some four miles east of the railroad, occupying the log 
 cabins constructed a few davs before bv the Confederates. As soon as the railroad 
 
210 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 211 
 
 was repaired, General JMeade followed this move, by deciding to cross the Rapi- 
 dan, and to advance rapidly towards Orange Court House. On the 23d of No- 
 vember, therefore, marching orders were issued, but, a severe storm occurring 
 during the night, the movement was delayed until the morning of the 36th. 
 The Fifth Corps, imder General Sykes, crossed at Germanna Ford. On the 28th 
 of November, disposition was made to attack the Confederates. After a march 
 of several miles, the Confederates were found to have established themselves in 
 strong fortifications on the west bank of Mine Run. The Fifth Corps moved 
 and took position at four o'clock a. m., the SOth, in a thick forest immediately in 
 front of Mine Run and the enemy's works. The opposite bank of Mine Run at 
 this point had an elevation of over one hundred feet, with a gentle smooth slope 
 to the creek of over one thousand yards. General Meade, having received favora- 
 ble reports from his engineers, decided to make three assaults on the enemy's 
 works — one on their left with the Fifth and the Sixth Corps, one on the center 
 with the First and the Third Corps, and one on the Confederate right with the 
 other corps, all under command of General G. K. Warren. After an inspection 
 of the Confederate position. General Meade concluded to abandon the center 
 attack, and to reinforce \\^arren's column with two divisions of the Third Corps, 
 giving him nearly half the infantry under Meade's command. Orders were ac- 
 cordingly issued. The battle was to be opened by the Union batteries on the left 
 firing at eight o'clock a. m. on the 30th, this being a signal for General Warren to 
 make the main attack ; and at nine o'clock, General John Sedgwick was to assault 
 with his column. 
 
 \\'arren Decides Enemy's Position Too Strong to Attack. 
 
 Promptly at eight o'clock on the morning of the 30th, the Union batteries 
 opened, the skirmishers of the First and the Third Corps advanced across Mine 
 Run, and drove in the Confederate skirmishers, and every preparation was made 
 by General Sedgwick and others for the assault. Fifteen minutes rolled by, yet 
 nothing was heard from General \A'arren. Three-quarters of an hour passed and 
 still nothing was heard from Warren, and General Meade was fretting like a 
 war-horse under curb. At ten minutes to nine o'clock a dispatch was received 
 by General Meade from General Warren to the effect that the position and 
 strength of the enemy in Warren's present front seemed so formidable that he 
 advised against making an attack ; that the full light of the sun showed him that 
 he could not succeed. General Meade rode to General Warren's headquarters 
 and, after inspecting the position of the enemy and concurring in the opinion 
 of General Warren that it was hopeless to make an attack, reluctantly abandoned 
 the assault: and, therefore, when night came, the Third, Fifth and Sixth Corps 
 returned to their former positions. General Aleade, after mature deliberation, 
 finding by this inspection that the Confederates had been working all night to 
 render the only weak point in their position as strong as any other on their line, 
 decided to withdraw his army. The newspaper war correspondents of the 
 period bitterly arraigned General Meade for his action in abandoning the Mine 
 Run campaign. These newspaper comments elicited a manly, courageous letter 
 
212 UNDER THE [MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 from General Meade, in which he declared that he stood ready at any time to 
 surrender his sword and position as commander of the L'nion army rather 
 than wilfully to sacrifice the precious lives of the men of his command unneces- 
 sarily or without hope of great gain to the country. 
 
 On the abandonment of the Mine Run campaign, the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Regiment was, on the 2d of December, 18G3, back at Rappahannock 
 Station with the remainder of the corps. The day following the Regiment moved 
 to Warrenton, and was assigned the duty of guarding the Orange & Alexandria 
 Railroad. On this duty the Fifth Corps was disposed of by brigades at intervals 
 along the line from Brandy Station to Fairfax, and in these winter camps the 
 annals of the Regiment for 1863 closes. \\'inter quarters were enjoyed, with all 
 the pleasures and duties incident to the camps, until i\Iay 2, 1804, when, under 
 General Grant, a new campaign was initiated in the Wilderness. 
 
 Incidents or the Mine Ri'n Campaign. 
 
 To the One Hundred and l''ift}"-fifth Regiment the experience at ]\Iine Run 
 was unique in the extreme from the fact that after the most extensive prepara- 
 tions for a battle had been made by the commander of the army under most 
 cheerless and discouraging circumstances, no battle was fought. Scarcely had 
 the movement of the army for Mine Run been undertaken by Meade, at the end 
 of a month of beautiful weather, so well suited for campaigning, flian the most 
 miserable, uncomfortable and finally distressingly cold, freezing weather set in, 
 embarrassing movement and causing the greatest suffering and also a shortage 
 of rations. 
 
 When General Sykes, commanding the Fifth Corps, had massed his column 
 of ten thousand picked men, concealed in the woods in front of the stream known 
 as Mine Run, a magnificent view was afforded the troops of the fortified camps 
 and positions occupied by the Confederate army in winter quarters. It was 
 noted that the small stream had been dammed in front of the Confederate 
 positions, thus producing so good a stage of water as to prevent a crossing im- 
 mediately in front of their positions. On the opposite banks of the stream 
 many large trees had been chopped down and the limbs trimmed and placed 
 as a cordon of obstructions which the attacking party would be compelled to 
 climb over to take the works : also there was an area of ground in front of the 
 Confederate fortifications of a half mile in width, necessary to be crossed under 
 the complete range of the many batteries which frowned from the ramparts of 
 the enemy's fortifications. After witnessing these bulwarks of the enemy, many 
 a veteran's mind, unbidden, averted to thought of similar embankments and ter- 
 raced works surmounted with Confederate guns faced by them at Fredericksburg. 
 The order issued to General Sykes required a picked body of troops, ten thousand 
 strong, to form in the adjacent woods, concealed from the enemy, there to re- 
 main ready on the signal to charge these extraordinarily strong fortifications of 
 the enemy. The assaulting columns would have been obliged to cross the stream 
 of Mine Run in plain view of the enemy, to reform in line of battle after crossing, 
 to climb over the chevaux-de-frise and other obstructions defending the enemv's 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 313 
 
 works, and then to march across the open plain in direct and enfilading range of 
 the enemy's batteries. 
 
 The tortures of the zero weather were aggravated by the prohibition of the 
 generals in command that to conceal the presence in the woods of so large a body 
 of Union troops prepared to charge, no fires to cook coffee or other warm food 
 should be allowed, lest the curling smoke from the same should be discovered 
 by the enemy, and make known the position of the hostile hosts gathering to as- 
 sault their works. 
 
 One Hundred and Fiftv-fiftii Chosen fok Storming Column. — Chaplains 
 
 ON Duty. 
 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment was selected for the post of 
 
 REV. C. L. EGAN. 
 Chaplain of Griffin's Division. 
 
 honor in the storming column on the works at Mine Run. Knapsacks were un- 
 strung and piled up in the rear. The faithful Regimental Chaplain, Doctor 
 Mateer, appeared and volunteered his services to take charge of the spare funds 
 and keepsakes of any of the Regiment who desired it, and also pinned the name 
 of each soldier to the lapel of his blouse, in view of the expected charge and the 
 extreme probability of its heavy mortality to the ranks of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, so that the bodies of the slain could be thus identified. The Ninth 
 Massachusetts Regiment, also selected for the storming column, being mostly 
 composed of Irish citizens of Boston, Mass., had a Catholic chaplain. Reverend 
 Father C. L. Egan. who publicly admini-^tered the ceremony provided by his 
 
214 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 church, of prayers of absohition to all soldiers going into battle. This venerable 
 chaplain, standing on a stump or cliff in the woods, publicly invoked the blessing 
 of Almighty God on all the troops there massed, and eloquently prayed for the 
 success of the Union army. He also invoked divine forgiveness of sins to all 
 present about to offer their lives for their country. This scene was most im- 
 pressive and inspiring, irrespective of creed. Many thousands of troops knelt 
 in reverence to the good man's prayer that God might forgive them all their 
 sins. No signal for the charge reached the troops selected and thus massed 
 for the attack. 
 
 As the day wore on and the suft'ering from the cold and exposure became 
 intense, as a culminating incident to the interesting situation of the troops thus 
 awaiting the order for the attack, the medical supply wagons and ambulances, 
 with the corps of doctors and stretcher-bearers, arrived in the same woods in 
 the rear of the troops. The medical supply wagons, with surgical instruments 
 and other material, were at once unloaded and tents for field hospitals were 
 immediately put up in plain sight of the troops, all of which was far from in- 
 spiring, the only gruesome particulars omitted from this depressing proceeding 
 being coffins and ready-made graves. The assaulting column, however, remained 
 until nightfall, when it was understood that a further inspection of the enemy's 
 lines by General Warren, who had been given command of the charging columns 
 to open the attack, had revealed the fact that the enemy had discovered, as 
 Warren had reported to General Meade, the weakest part of their defenses, and 
 that the enemy had occupied the night previous in strengthening that particular 
 point ; so that when the fog subsided in the morning and Warren and his scouts 
 renewed their inspection, preparatory to giving the signal agreed upon for the 
 assaulting columns, Warren made the report already quoted to General Meade, 
 and the attack had to be abandoned. 
 
 Thus, in no previous battle in which the Regiment had participated had 
 there been such elaborate preparations, or such harrowing accompaniments or 
 such manifest determination of the men to make the attack, as marked Mine 
 Run ; and yet it was a battle that never came oft', although it is inscribed upon 
 the Regimental colors. It deserves, however, to rank as a great battle, for the 
 suff'erings endured and for the maiiuenance in position for the attack in plain 
 view of the enemy for so long a period. The Confederates never left their 
 formidable works to make an attack or an advance at ]\Iine Run against Aleade's 
 army. The only hostile demonstration was, in their anxiety to find out what 
 was in the dense woods sheltering the storming column in which the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth was assigned, the shelling of these woods by the Con- 
 federate batteries, which during the day dropped several shells into the same, in 
 military parlance was merely intended as " feeling for the enemy." 
 
 It was most fortunate for the Union arms, as the sequel showed, that no 
 battle was fought by General Meade at Mine Run, as the Confederates had de- 
 voutly prayed that he should do, for it would have been an engagement under 
 most adverse and discouraging circumstances, and quite likely attendetl with great 
 loss of life and the accomplishment of little good. 
 
MINE RUN— 1908. 
 
Sweet little ^lajnr, Ik- mniiiits nn' knee. 
 
 And the tender blue eyes look at me. 
 
 " Tell nie. l'a])sie. just once more. 
 
 \\'hat did }-ou do when \-ou went to war?" 
 
 ■' Say. tell me, Papsie. .sav von will — 
 
 How many Rebels did yoii kill ? " 
 
 So I told him the Iriiih. or near as might be- 
 
 .~ls iiiaiiy of tlwDi as tlicy did of inc. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 315 
 
 Union Army Returns to Old Camps. — Re-enlistments Set In. 
 
 As so many of the three-year troops' terms were then expiring and the Gov- 
 ■ernment was anxious to secure their re-enlistment, a disaster at Mine Run, and 
 probable repetition of Fredericksburg, would have so discouraged re-enlistments 
 that it would have been a most serious detriment to the country. As it was, the 
 army returned jubilant to its camp because no battle had been fought, and the next 
 four months, hostilities being suspended by both armies, was spent in winter 
 quarters most enjoyably, and re-enlistments for another three years of the men 
 whose terms were expiring, became very popular, and benefited the Government 
 •enormously in securing the continuance of trained soldiers in the field. 
 
 The Mine Run campaign will be memorable to all the participants because 
 of the thousands of Union soldiers in the woods where their guns were stacked, 
 who might be seen, because of the extraordinary cold and absence of fire, chasing 
 each other around the trees, keeping up the action all day, to keep themselves 
 warm and their blood from freezing. Notwithstanding this, there was very great 
 suffering and some loss of life from exposure. 
 
 An Exciting Incident. 
 
 On the march to Mine Run an incident occurred out of the ordinary which 
 shows the boldness of the enemy. With Meade's army of eighty or ninety 
 thousand men on the march for Mine Run, were their immense wagon-trains oc- 
 cupying many miles in length, sandwiched between each infantry division column, 
 conveying ammunition and rations, each army corps occupying perhaps ten 
 miles of the line of marching. The division and corps wagon-trains were guarded 
 by a regiment at the head and one at the end of each mile of trains. In addition 
 to these front and rear guards for each mile of trains, individual and pioneer 
 guards accompanied the wagons as protection, the teamsters also being well armed. 
 
 In passing on the march beyond Culpeper, on the way to Mine Run, this im- 
 mense column of cavalry and infantry, batteries, ammunition and commissary 
 wagons, sub-divided into sections and guarded as described, was attacked by a 
 regiment of Confederate cavalry, which had lain in ambush watching for a weak 
 spot in the lines of train guards. The enemy dashed out in force, and succeeded 
 in surprising and capturing the Federal train guards, pioneers, teamsters and a 
 •dozen or more loaded army wagons, all belonging to Ayres' Division, in which 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was serving. Among the wagons captured were 
 several containing General Ayres' dress uniform and sword, as well as ample 
 supplies of " commissary " for the General and his staff. 
 
 Before the Union troops, marching in the front and the rear of this train, 
 with infantry supports, could be rallied to the rescue, the Confederate raiders 
 succeeded in escaping with all their plunder, taking the teamsters, wagon-guards 
 and also a number of Union soldiers, prisoners. General Ayres, being, at the 
 time, in command of a division of United States Regulars, received little sym- 
 pathy from the volunteers, whom the regulars were forever charging with care- 
 lessness and want of military sagacity. 
 
216 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Rejnolds Fox, of Company H, a faithful private of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, was captured in this Confederate cavalry ambuscade of Ayres' wagon- 
 trains on the march to Mine Run, and died at Andersonville, August 23, 1864, 
 being buried in grave 6,649. 
 
 After enduring the miseries of the night march in zero weather, on the 
 return from Mine Run, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and other troops were 
 allowed to light fires in the morning. The severity of the frost and the miseries 
 of the night march in the freezing weather, bore a wonderful resemblance in the 
 minds of many at the time to the description of Napoleon's historic winter retreat 
 from Moscow, though neither Cossacks nor Confederates harrassed or in any way 
 disturbed the slow retreat of General Meade's army. At Brandy Station the 
 army reached the very familiar Orange & Alexandria Railroad, where the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth crossed the Rappahannock. This crossing by actual 
 count made the fourteenth time that the Regiment, during 1863, in its campaigns 
 back and forward in that section of Virginia, had crossed and re-crossed that 
 historic stream. 
 
 The supply of eight days' rations with which the troops had been supplied 
 on the reconnoissance to Mine Run became exhausted before the expiration of 
 that period, and the miseries and discomforts of the severe winter weather were 
 aggravated by the agonies of hunger affecting most of the troops before they 
 reached camp or met the long-looked-for commissary, and again had their empty 
 haversacks refilled. After a two-mile march from the Rappahannock along the 
 Orange & Alexandria Railroad on December 3, 1863. the Regiment and the ac- 
 companying brigades halted, and a most welcome distribution of rations took 
 place. The next morning the march along the Orange & Alexandria Railroad to- 
 wards Washington was resumed, passing Bealton Station, and halting at Warren- 
 ton Junction, the place destined to be the winter quarters of the Regiment for 
 some months following. 
 
 Winter Of.^RTERS at W.\rren'to.\ Junction. 
 
 The Fifth Corps was detailed all along this railroad to guard and protect 
 it from the raids of Moseby's guerrillas. Warrenton Junction and vicinity was 
 assigned to the care and observation of General Garrard's Brigade, of Ayres' 
 Division, with which the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was serving. Orders 
 were given, on December 5th, to lay out the Regimental camp and to locate head- 
 quarters of the Regiment. This involved the going of the men of each mess to 
 the near woods, to cut, split and carry in timber necessary for the log huts of 
 which winter quarters were to be formed. The camp was laid out in regular 
 streets, the company officers' quarters being at the head of the streets, with non- 
 commissioned officers next, followed by that of the privates. The architecture 
 of these structures, although primitive, was uniform in style, being limited to 
 space sufficient for three men occupying a joint bunk, and having a fireplace 
 of old-fashioned style, and a chimney which frequently failed to carry upward all 
 the smoke. No fenders, tongs, or mantlepieces graced the -fittings of the fireplace. 
 The interior was free from anything like cupboards or boxes. The canteens 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Sir 
 
 K 
 H 
 
 < 
 2 
 
218 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 were hung upon the floor. The cooking utensils were very limited in number 
 and primitive in style, the same tin bucket in which the meals and coffee were 
 cooked, with scant rinsing from the limited supply of water, being made to do 
 duty in cooking soups, boiling beans, or dried apples, making rice puddings, 
 stewing elderberries and many other purposes. 
 
 The only art decorations on the walls of the quarters consisted of cuts from 
 Harper's and Leslie's, war pictures illustrating desperate cavalry charges and 
 infantrj' engagements. The nncarpeted floors were composed of split timbers. 
 The fires were made of sticks and logs of wood, the cordage of the same being 
 under the bed to prevent being appropriated by mistake. The pitched roof of 
 the huts were made of canvas tents furnished by the Government. Sometimes 
 to keep the light from shining through the transparent white canvas after the- 
 " tattoo " had sounded " lights out," the occupants, desiring to continue games 
 of euchre or " penny-ante " after hours, would throw heavy blankets over the 
 roof to shut oft the light from the '" Officer of the Day " charged with the en- 
 forcement of camp orders after " tattoo " had been >ounded. 
 
 The actual work of making these quarters fell very hard upon the city-bred 
 boys in the companies because of their total non-familiarity with the use of 
 hatchets, axes, or picks, or the tools necessary to build the quarters ; but the 
 tie of comradeship was so strong that the woodsmen from the country com- 
 panies, familiar with this sort of labor, cheerfully aided the inexperienced town- 
 boy soldiers in the construction of their quarters. The streets of the camp 
 were wide and commodious and policed regularly by the removal of all garbage. 
 The chimneys on these structures or huts in the camp were unique features. A 
 beer keg or cracker bo.x or any other kind of keg or box possible to obtain was 
 considered a proper crowning article for the chimney surmounting the fireplace 
 of the soldier's hut. When these could not be obtained, " hardtack " boxes were 
 sometimes strengthened and used for the same purpose, and both forms of chim- 
 neys served their purpose very well, although it must be admitted that all the 
 smoke created in the soldiers' quarters did not go up the chimney. 
 
 Life in Wixter Quarters. — AMrsE.MEXxs, Etc. 
 
 Strong temptations were offered, as in Camp Humphreys of the previous 
 year, and in fact, were often yielded to on many occasions in this winter camp 
 by mischiveous comrades, to play jokes upon the inmates through the use of 
 these chimneys. Long after " tattoo " and the occupants of the quarters had 
 retired, the fire in the primitive fireplace being well slacked so as to keep the 
 interior warm, the midnight guard called to leave camp for duty, before going^ 
 to his distant post, would place a plank or board on the top of the chimney, thus 
 soon driving all the smoke inside. The mischievous guard, in the meantime hav- 
 ing proceeded to his post of duty out of camp limits, would be beyond suspicion, 
 or, in case of being accused, would have a good alibi, when the irate inmates, 
 nearly suffocated, would rush out of their huts and denounce the villainous deed, 
 and the orderly sergeant or some other officer would be aroused to hunt for the 
 invisible demon who, of course, could not be found. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 219 
 
 FIFTH CORPS BRIGADE COMMANDERS. 
 
230 UNDER THE ^lALTESE CROSS. 
 
 This form of disturbing the sleeping inmates was varied by the outgoing 
 midnight guard's occasionally taking from his sixty rounds of ammunition 
 a handful or two of cartridges, which, putting in a paper and tying with a 
 string, he would lower down through the chimney to the slacked fire, when in 
 a short time an explosion would follow from the discharge of the cartridges. 
 During the excitement sure to succeed the explosion, the mischiveous guard 
 would escape to his post of duty some distance beyond the camp limits, and 
 of course all trace of the offender would be lost. 
 
 From this camp. Colonel Kenner Garrard, of the One Hundred and Forty- 
 sixth New York Volunteers, who, as senior Colonel, on the "M of July, had suc- 
 ceeded to the command of the Brigade, took his departure as Brigade comman- 
 der, having been promoted to a Brigadier-Generalship, and assigned to the com- 
 mand of a division of cavalry in the Western army, where he later earned great 
 distinction with Genera! Sherman. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment 
 in particular owed General Garrard a debt of gratitude for the personal interest 
 manifested by him in the welfare of the Regiment, and in enabling it to earn 
 the high distinction it subsequently gained under Colonel Alfred L. Pearson. 
 
 Colonel E. AI. Gregory, Commaxding Ninety-first Pennsylvania A'olun- 
 TEERS, Succeeds General Garrard. 
 
 General Garrard, as commander of the Brigade, was succeeded by Colonel 
 Edward M. Gregory, of the Ninety-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, a popular and 
 brave officer. Colonel Gregory subsequently became equally noted in the army 
 for his zeal as a Christian worker, often varying the duties of military life by 
 preaching and conducting prayer-meeting services at his own brigade head- 
 quarters, and also at company and regimental meetings of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth. The Ninety-first Pennsylvania, Colonel Gregory's own regi- 
 ment, which had been recruited in the famous Moyamensing district of Phila- 
 delphia, aiTorded a fine field for Christian missionary work for Colonel Gregory. 
 The men composing the regiment, although being splendid fighters, were far 
 from being angels, or piously inclined. In this camp Colonel Gregory started a 
 religious revival in the ranks of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, 
 which lasted for several weeks, and won a great many converts to experience 
 religion. It is but proper to credit Companies K and G, of the Regiment, with 
 these pious awakenings and converts. 
 
 That extremes would meet on the subject of religious enthusiasm, even in 
 the same companies, is made appai^ent on the perusal of a diar}' of a most 
 worthy and exemplary Christian soldier of Company D, the late Corporal M. V. 
 B. Sallada, which was submitted to the compilers of the Regimental history. In 
 this journal there appears the solemn record entered under date of January 21, 
 1864, Camp Warrenton Junction, " The company was paid off to-day, and went 
 on a general drunk." This was followed by a second entry on the same date, 
 " Eight p. ii., held prayer-meeting services, conducted by Peter Tippin." 
 
 Earlv in December, while in these winter quarters, the Regiment was called 
 upon to witness on verv short notice the execution of a private soldier of the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 321 
 
 Eleventh United States Regular Infantry, convicted of desertion. Like the 
 former executions previously described, General Sykes' entire division was drawn 
 up in the three sides of a square to witness the sad ceremony. It was an af- 
 fecting scene, and happily the last to be witnessed by the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth during the remainder of its term of service. 
 
 On December 26th, Companies E and K packed up and relieved part of the 
 Ninety-first Pennsylvania on guard duty at Catlett Station, on the Orange & 
 Alexandria Railroad. These companies went into the quarters of the Ninety- 
 first Pennsylvania, which had been moved out that day, but the enjoyment of 
 these fine winter huts by Companies G and K was of short duration, as within 
 twenty-four hours they were sent to Bristoe Station, and at the end of three 
 weeks were marched back to the Regimental camp at \\'arrenton Junction. 
 
 Orders Allowing Ten-d.\y Furloughs Issued. 
 
 In this camp, while the army was resting. General Meade, to add to the 
 good feeling prevalent in the camps of his army, and to encourage re-enlistments, 
 which the Government was most anxious to take place, issued orders that ten- 
 day fiirloughs would be granted to worthy soldiers of each regiment, the only 
 condition being that some good reason must be assigned in order to obtain the 
 furlough, and that onl)' seven applicants should be absent from the regiment on 
 furlough at any one time. As the precise reasons on which furloughs were to 
 be granted were not specified, but were left to the discretion of the applicant, 
 the greatest variety of declarations as to the urgency and necessity of the fur- 
 lough was embodied in the petitions in order to insure the success of the request. 
 The formality required in the application for a furlough was a respectful letter 
 from the soldier to the Colonel of his regiment, who in turn, if the application 
 was approved, forwarded it to brigade headquarters with his endorsement. If 
 the application was not approved by the Colonel, it went into the waste basket. 
 At brigade headquarters the application for a furlough went through the same 
 process of treatment, and if approved, was sent to division headquarters by the 
 brigade commander with his endorsement. LTndergoing the same mode of treat- 
 ment at division headquarters by the division commander, the application was 
 finally forwarded to corps headquarters. If, during its journey from the regi- 
 mental headc|uarters to corps headquarters, the reasons assigned for wanting a 
 furlough, were disapproved by the intermediate commanders, it found its way 
 to the waste-basket. As a corps was composed of three divisions, each having 
 twelve regiments and a number of batteries, the corps commander received for 
 consideration over one hundred applications a day. 
 
 At first, Major-General Sykes, commanding the Fifth Corps, undertook to 
 read and pass upon the urgent reasons assigned, but the perusal of applications 
 containing so many manifestly distressing cases of death, suffering and misery, 
 necessitating the presence of the applicants at home, soon wearied General Sykes. 
 After some weeks of this experience in reading the recitals in these applications, 
 many of which he could not avoid suspecting as being fictitious, the General 
 assigned the hundred or more daily petitions received, to the Adjutant-General 
 
222 UNDER THE :\rALTESE CROSS. 
 
 of the corps. In turn, this official struggled with the perusal of the harrowing 
 reasons assigned for immediate furloughs, and wrestled with the puzzling prob- 
 lems presented. After some weeks of this trying exrecise, the Adjutant-General, 
 in turn, got rid of this duty by turning over subsequent applications to the enlisted 
 men who were confidential clerks at corps headquarters. These clerks enjoyed 
 the reading of the letters, being aware in many cases of the suspicious character 
 of many of the contents. This task of reading the fabricated excuses finally 
 became so monotonous that, for the peace and comfort of all concerned, the con- 
 fidential clerks, to avoid reading the voluminous applications, decided to draw 
 lots for the lucky seven, and the applications thereafter were decided in that way. 
 
 New Year's in Camp. 
 
 New Year's day, 1864, in this camp was made memorable to the men in the 
 ranks by the presence of the Regimental sutler, who had on hand nice plump 
 chickens at the cost of one dollar each, and fine fat turkeys at the price of six 
 dollars a piece. Apples were sold by the sutler according to their size, and eggs 
 according to their age. But prices did not deter the well-paid officers from in- 
 dulging in both chickens and turkeys. There were very few messes of privates 
 who could aft'ord the luxury of paying the prices demanded for the poultry. 
 Uncle Sam, however, voluntarily distributed gratuitously old rye whiskey, styled 
 " commissary," to the men, in honor of the day, in the proportion of one quart 
 to twelve men. No excesses or abuse of this infinitesimal distribution of whiskey 
 was apparent in the camp, and the best of feeling prevailed. The usual thoughts 
 and reminiscences of the year just ended impressed the soldier, and thoughts of 
 home and friends as well as anticipations of what the future might have in store 
 for the Nation and for the individual in the army, also occasioned more than 
 a passing thought. The day was also made memorable by the extremely cold 
 weather, so intense as to prevent sleep. It was too cold even to sit before the 
 fire. The boys on picket suffered very severely from this night's exposure. Jan- 
 uary :3d was the first Sunday of the new year in this camp. Chaplain Mateer 
 preached a sermon in the chapel, but the weather was so bitterly cold that the 
 sermon had to be cut short and audience dismissed without the Doxology. 
 
 COLOXEL JOHX H. CaIX RESIGNS. 
 
 In this camp Colonel John H. Cain resigned the Colonelcy to resume business 
 in Pittsburg, left in the hands of his partners on his entering the military service. 
 Colonel Cain had risen from rank of private in the Twelfth Regiment Pennsyl- 
 vania \'olunteers, in three months' service, to the Colonelcy of the One Hun- 
 dred and Fift^■-fifth Regiment. He commanded the Regiment at Chancellorsville 
 and elicited in official reports high commendations from both General Humphreys, 
 commanding the Division, as well as from General ]Meade, in command of the 
 Fifth Corps. He was also in command of the Regiment in the battle of Gettys- 
 burg, where, on Little Round Top, he, with the Regiment, earned great dis- 
 tinction. No more gentlemanly or popular commander ever served with the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 323 
 
 Regiment. Both officers and men were assembled to receive his cordial hand- 
 shake — a farewell parting to the gallant officer. 
 
 CoLO.XEL A. L. Pearsox Assumes Comm.\nd. 
 
 Alfred L. Pearson, Lieut. -Col., was in Washington City when Colonel 
 'Cain's resignation was accepted, and he was at once commissioned Colonel and 
 arrived in camp and assumed command. Colonel Pearson inaugurated more fre- 
 ■quent drilling, and soon imparted enthusiasm and ambition to officers and men 
 to win distinction for proficiency of drill and excellency of discipline. The 
 promotion of Major John Ewing to rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and of Captain 
 John A. Cline, to Major, soon followed, and gave great satisfaction as deserved 
 recognition to worthy officers. 
 
 Zouave Skirmish Drill. — Bayonet Exercise. — Target Firing. 
 
 During the summer and fall previous, General Garrard had insisted upon the 
 regiments of his brigade becoming perfect in the zouave drill and bayonet ex- 
 ercise, and particularly in skirmish duties and target firing. So pleased was he 
 with the efficiency attained by the regiments named that on his reports to General 
 Halleck he received permission from Washington to offer as a prize for skill in 
 the bayonet exercise and skirmish drill the French zouave uniform. The Gov- 
 ■ernment accordingly ordered from Paris uniforms of that pattern for this 
 t)rigade, in compliment and as a reward for the high efficiency achieved by all 
 
 ZOUAVE BAYONET DRILL, PRIVATE JAMES P. O'NEILL. 
 
224 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 the regiments composing it in the 
 drill and tactics so much desired 
 by General Garrard. Every day 
 in this camp, when the weather 
 would permit, the Regiment had 
 been deployed as a whole in open 
 order and vigorously drilled by 
 Colonel Pearson in the bayonet ex- 
 ercise, resulting in the men becom- 
 ing expert athletes in the use of 
 the muskets and bayonets. There 
 was no prouder officer in the army 
 than Colonel Pearson on the day 
 when these zouave uniforms were 
 distributed as a prize to his Regi- 
 ment : and in the orders read on 
 dress-parade, Colonel Pearson con- 
 gratulated the Regiment, and es- 
 pecially the officers, for their close 
 attention to the new tactics and the 
 skill attained by the companies in 
 the same. 
 
 The e.xchange to the zouave 
 uniform from the plain blue in- 
 fantry uniform was enjoyed im- 
 mensely b}' the men of the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regi- 
 ment, not only on account of their 
 having earned the recognition, but 
 also because of the great beauty 
 of the uniform and the greater 
 comfort and other advantages it 
 possessed over the regulation uni- 
 form. The zouave uniform may be described to those who have not seen 
 pictures of it as being wide — very wide^dark blue knee-breeches with ma- 
 terial enough in one pair to make two pairs of ordinary pantaloons, and 
 shaped not unlike the bloomer costume worn by some women years ago. Next 
 came the jacket of the same heavy, dark-blue material as the knee-breeches, 
 and trimmed with yellow at the collar and the wrists and down the fronts. 
 A feature of the uniform was the red flannel sash fully ten feet long and 
 about ten inches wide. This sash was trimmed with yellow, and was wound 
 around the waist of the soldier, adding much to the comfort, to the appear- 
 ance and to the preservation of the health on marches and fatigue duties 
 of the wearer. The foot-gear consisted of white canvas leggings, which came 
 down over the shoes, and were buckled along the sides and around the ankles, 
 reaching half wav to the knees, where the breeches were fitted into them. Lastly, 
 
 m^'^ 
 
 GEORGE M. SMITH. 
 Regimental Bugler. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 225 
 
 HAWDON MARSHALL, 
 Drum Major. 
 
-226 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 the greatest and most impressive part of the uniform was the turban, after the 
 Turkish plan. It was composed of a sash of white flannel about a foot wide and 
 ten feet long, which would be nicely wound, so as to set or fit on a red fez skull 
 -cap, to which was attached a blue tassel. This turban was seldom worn except 
 ■on dress-parade or dress occasions : but the red fez cap with the tassel was always 
 worn on fatigue or other duties. It took some time to get tised to this metamor- 
 phosis, from the plain regulation uniform to the dudish colors and style of the 
 zouave dress, and some most amusing contrasts were presented on the introduc- 
 tion of this exchanged attire. The French soldiers, for whom this uniform was 
 patterned and made, were, as a rule, much smaller in stature than the American 
 soldier, and hence the imported zouave uniforms distributed, in many cases, were 
 •entirely too short for the many giants in stature in the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment, and particularly in the companies where stalwart six-footers and 
 ■over was the rule. First-Sergeant D. Porter Marshall, of Company K, being 
 six feet nine inches in his stockings, had the greatest difficulty of any man in 
 the Regiment in securing a zouave outfit to confonn to his stature. In contrast 
 with Porter JNIarshall, the tallest man in the Regiment, was Private Tobias Diet- 
 rich, of Company A, the shortest man in the command, who was awarded the 
 longest pair of zouave trousers. There was no provision made in the army 
 for a company or a regimental tailor, to cut down, enlarge, alter or mend uni- 
 forms. Colonel Pearson, commanding, met the situation which faced Sergeant 
 Marshall, the Regimental giant, by ordering the Regimental Quartermaster to 
 issue two suits of zouave uniforms to the Sergeant, out of which he could at 
 least make one suit nearly large enough to fit him. After some time, the Ser- 
 geant presented himself in the new zouave uniform, presenting a most singular 
 and grotesque appearance, on account of his stature and the novelty of the new 
 uniform. 
 
 ^^"hil^t this uniform had its advantages on the march and was comfortable on 
 other occasions, occasionally it was found to have its drawbacks. Thus, on the 
 march, if its wearers straggled, the singularity of their uniform distinguished them 
 from all other soldiers, and aided in their detection. The ever-vigilant provost 
 guards easily knew the camp locations of the stragglers, and easily identified them 
 bv their peculiar uniform, whereas, has they been dressed in the ordinary regula- 
 tion uniform, they would have escaped arrest. 
 
 ]\IOSEBY AND HiS GUERILLAS. 
 
 The guerillas under Moseby disturbed the even tenor of camp life, and in 
 guarding of the Orange & Alexandria Railroad. One night, quite near the 
 pickets of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, they captured a mail carrier near 
 Bealton and killed him. The guerillas were pursued by guards of the Regiment, 
 who captured two of them in possession of the mail which they had stolen. 
 
 During this winter camp life many of the officers secured permission to have 
 their wives visit the camp and share their headquarters. Among others who 
 visited the camp, and enjoyed the dress-parades and reviews for a few days, were 
 Mrs. Pearson, the Colonel's wife, and some lady friends. A few days, however. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 ,237 
 
 ZOUAVE IN ACTION. 
 
338 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 after these ladies left the Regimental headquarters. Aloseby's guerillas executed 
 one of their frequent midnight raids. The guerillas, being dressed in Union 
 uniform, went out and relieved the Union pickets, when, having secured charge 
 of the picket line, they proceeded to raid the camp. They captured a Brigadier- 
 General, two sutlers and a number of horses. Had they known it, and extended 
 their raid a mile farther, they might have captured General Sweitzer and his 
 good wife, who was at the time visiting the camp. An order was issued after 
 these events withdrawing the permits for officers' wives to visit their husbands' 
 headquarters because of the attending risk and danger. 
 
 Religious Services. 
 
 In this camp the religious fervor, resulting from the revivals which were 
 inaugurated and maintained, culminated in the erection by the Regiment of a 
 union chapel for the Christian Commission and the Regiment, under the direc- 
 tion of the Regimental Chaplain, Reverend Doctor Mateer. The men vied with 
 each other in their zeal in constructing this chapel, which was soon finished, be- 
 cause of the lumber and material being so readily supplied over the Orange & 
 Alexandria Railroad, which the command was engaged in guarding. This chapel 
 was duly opened and prayer-meetings and Sunday exercises were regularly held 
 in it for some weeks. 
 
 The Reverend Constantine M. Egan, a Catholic priest, of Washington, D. C., 
 through the petition of officers and men of the United States Regulars serving in 
 the Fifth Corps, at General Griffin's request, was assigned to his headquarters. 
 Father Egan had been given a commission at large to visit soldiers of his creed in 
 the various camps, being assigned to no particular regiment, and serving with- 
 out salary, in the performance of his mission. Reverend Egan called upon 
 Colonel Pearson, commanding the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, who readily 
 accorded him permission to hold services for the Catholic soldiers in the camp 
 of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment. The announcement was read by 
 the Adjutant, John H. Irwin, at the usual dress-parade. Reverend Doctor Mateer, 
 the Regimental chaplain, also cordially welcomed Reverend Father Egan, and 
 tendered him the use of the Regimental chapel to conduct services and preaching 
 during his visit. 
 
 Colonel Pearson issued orders that all members of Father Egan's denomina- 
 tion would be excused from guard or other duties from ten to two o'clock on the 
 day of the celebration of services by Father Egan in the camp chapel. 
 
 As all the boys liked to be excused from guard, fatigue and other duties in 
 camp for the purpose of seeking amusements in card-playing, etc., in their quar- 
 ters, and there being no orders how to test the faith of the soldiers deserving to 
 be excused from duty, it was found that the entire Regiment, or a large majority 
 of them, had suddenly professed the Catholic faith in order to secure exemption 
 from duty, under pretense of attending divine service. Chaplain Egan's preach- 
 ing was, therefore, well attended. He preached a plain, eloquent sermon from the 
 gospel of the dav, exhorting all in patriotic terms to serve their coimtry faith- 
 fully in its hour of great peril. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 329 
 
 M /:■ 
 
 f :j>" «^. 
 
 THE LONG AND THE SHORT, IN ZOUAVE UNIFORM. 
 
230 
 
 UXDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Father Egan remained several days in cam]3. the guest of Reverend Doctor 
 Mateer. It was an agreeable exhibition of Christian harmony to find these two 
 ministers of different faiths working side by side, not only in the camp, but in 
 the hospitals and on the actual battlefield, for the relief of the brave soldiers. 
 Both these exemplary ministers frequently endured sacrifices on marches and 
 exposures in battle as much as did the rank and file. 
 
 Coincident with this religious revival in the cam]), it is to be regretted that 
 the saving grace did not extend to some unregenerate individuals in the camp, who 
 made up for the shortage of furniture in their winter quarters by midnight visits 
 to the Regimental chapel, where they ])roceeded to lay their sacrilegious hands 
 upon the nicely-planed boards out of which the pulpit was made, and feloniously 
 carrying off the same, as was later discovered, to their tents and secreting them 
 under their beds and blankets until the excitement of the vandalism had passed. 
 The pulpit furniture, sad to relate, was then metamorphosed into tables for 
 cards, meals and other profane purposes. The perpetrators were never 
 discovered. 
 
 Death of Captaix Sackett axd His Military Funeral. 
 
 January 54, 18ii4. towards midnight, the intelligence reached the camp of the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth of the drowning of Captain Joseph ]]. Sackett, 
 commanding Company E, who had in the afternoon, in company with Quarter- 
 master-Sergeant John H. Ralston, left camp on horseback to visit the United 
 States Regulars, C)n returning to the camp of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth, about SI p. M., Captain Sackett lost 
 his life in crossing Kettle Run. A heavy 
 rain storm had come up while the Cap- 
 tain and his companion were visiting 
 the camp of the Regulars, which had 
 caused the stream suddenly to rise, 
 so that in attempting, on their return 
 to camp, to re-cross at the same ford, 
 the Captain's horse, in swimming, threw 
 him oft' and kicked him, rendering him 
 insensible and causing his drowning. 
 Sergeant Ralston, on his horse, how- 
 ever, reached the opposite shore in 
 safety. A detachment of soldiers from 
 the Regular camp recovered the Cap- 
 tain's body soon after, and sent word 
 of the accident to First-Lieutenant 
 George ^L Laughlin, of Company E, in 
 the camp of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth. 
 
 Captain Sackett had been granted 
 CAPT. JOSEPH B. sackett. fifteen days leave of absence at the time 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 331 
 
 of the accident, and intended to leave the next morning for Pittsburg. General 
 Garrard issued orders to pay Captain Sackett the honors of a mihtary funeral 
 from the camp of the Regiment to the railroad station, a mile distant. It was 
 the first and only military funeral of an officer which the Regiment had been 
 called upon to witness or participate in during its service. Whilst many officers 
 of high rank and others had been slain in battle, the exigencies of the campaign 
 did not permit of carrying out the regulations prescribed for military funerals 
 occurring at posts or in military camps, as was the situation on the occasion of 
 Captain Sackett's death. The entire Brigade was massed for the solemn occa- 
 sion of the funeral, all except the Ninety-first Pennsylvania being attired in the 
 new zouave uniform. The command of the funeral column was assigned by 
 General Garrard to Colonel D. T. Jenkins, of the One Hundred and Forty-sixth 
 New York Volunteers. The body of Captain Sackett, enclosed in a handsome 
 coffin, was borne upon an artillery caisson. The thirty-two musicians, with their 
 instruments, composing the brass band of the United States Regulars, headed 
 the cortege, and in compliment to the companionship, a regiment of the United 
 States Regulars occupied a position in the funeral column. General Garrard, and 
 all of his staff, with colors draped in mourning, participated in the procession. 
 The sight was most impressive, the plain where the funeral procession was 
 formed and paraded to the station afforded a fine view of the troops composing- 
 the funeral cortege. The solemn strains of a dirge rendered by the band and the 
 display of the entire Brigade troops not on duty marching with arms reversed 
 and colors draped, and the escort of the United States Regular regiment, pre- 
 sented a scene of grandeur and solemnity, and was a mark of honor and respect 
 for Captain Sackett. Captain Sackett's command. Company E, was given the 
 post of honor, being next the caisson carrying the remains in the procession. 
 The remains were shipped to Pittsburg and there interred in the family lot in 
 Allegheny cemetery. 
 
 Captain Sackett was an unusually handsome officer, having commanded 
 Company E with credit in the three great battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellors- 
 ville and Gettysburg. First-Lieutenant George ^L Laughlin succeeded Captain 
 Sackett in command of Company E. 
 
 Political \'isitors to C.amp. 
 
 During the State campaign for Governor of Pennsylvania in 1863, the Legis- 
 lature having passed a law enabling soldiers of the State serving in the armies 
 of the United States outside of the State to vote for State officers, representatives 
 of the State and of the political parties visited the camps in the Army of the 
 Potomac, to distribute tickets as well as to do some electioneering, both parties 
 being represented in the visiting delegates. Among those of prominence from 
 Allegheny county, who thus visited the army camps of Western Pennsylvania 
 soldiers, was a well-known divine. Reverend John Douglass. D. D., a retired 
 Presbyterian minister of Pittsburg, who, in the political campaigns during the 
 war, was quite active in addressing Republican meetings. On his army visit it 
 is related that a very humorous episode took place in the camp of the Sixty-second 
 Pennsylvania, a great majority of whom were of the Democratic faith, having" 
 
232 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 enlisted with Colonel Sam \\'. Black and J. Bowman Sweitzer. active leaders in 
 the Democracy before enlisting in the service. 
 
 Reverend Doctor Douglass was the guest of Colonel Sweitzer, enjoying the 
 hospitality of his headquarters, which latter often included the best brand of 
 Government " commissary." During a discussion of the relative merits of 
 Democracy and Republicanism, and the Generals of both parties in the field, a 
 warm debate ensued between the mighty host and his clerical visitor, lasting until 
 the " wee sma' hours of the night,'" both combatants pugnaciously and aggress- 
 ivel\' maintaining their diametrically conflicting views. The contest became so per- 
 sonal that General Sweitzer felt constrained to warn the doughty divine that 
 if it were not for his ministerial coat, he (Sweitzer) would thrash the life out 
 of him for his unpatriotic utterances and denunciation of McClellan, Porter and 
 other heroes of the war, who were of Democratic faith, and under whom 
 Sweitzer had fought so inany campaigns. 
 
 The Reverend Doctor Douglass, with true Irish courage, accepted the chal- 
 lenge of Colonel Sweitzer, and declared that his ministerial coat need be no bar 
 to determining right then and there the supreme question of the moment as to 
 which of the two was the better man. Douglass whirled off his coat and defied 
 Sweitzer, when the staff officer of the latter interfered and prevented the wordy 
 combatants from coming to blows. 
 
 In a day or two this incident was forgotten, and Colonel Sweitzer and Doctor 
 Douglass ever after in Pittsburg, where they long survived the close of the war, 
 continued the warmest of friends. 
 
 Reviews, Drills, Amusements. 
 
 February 11, 1864, will long be remembered by reason of a Brigade review, 
 which was the first full-dress zouave review held in the Army of the Potomac. 
 General Ayres, commanding the Division, was the reviewing officer, and he ex- 
 pressed himself as well pleased, congratulating the officers commanding the 
 Brigade. 
 
 In this camp the Regiment had the usual out-door e.xercises — games of ball, 
 pitching horseshoes, boxing, for which many had sent home for gloves ; sparring 
 and wrestling matches, often took place. Fiddles that had been laid aside during 
 the active campaigning, were unearthed ; cotillions, round dances and amusements 
 generallv were invoked. The members composing the Regimental glee club of 
 the ijrevious winter's camp, however, were missed. Colonel E. Jay Allen, himself 
 a fine singer; Colonel John H. Cain, Adjiitant E. A. ^ilontooth, the leading per- 
 formers in the concerts of the previous year, were absent, whilst George P. Ful- 
 ton, Tallin Ralston, John H. Irwin. Sergeant Harry Campbell, Sergeant-Major 
 Hawdiin ^larshall. Corporal Robert R. Gulp, and others survived, and gave the 
 benefit of their music on the long winter evenings; yet the absence of the orig- 
 inators i^f the glee club was felt. 
 
 V'ALENTIXES IX C.\MP .\ND FRO.M HOME. 
 
 .\ great season in this camp, however, was St. \'alentine's day, February 
 11th. The valentines sent and received bv the bovs added very much to the 
 

 GRIFFIN'S DIVISION FLAG, 
 March 24, 1864. to June 2. 1865. 
 
THE MAN WITH THE MUSKET. 
 
 I knew him, I tell you ! And. also, I knew 
 
 When he fell on the battle-swept ridge, 
 That the poor battered body that lay there in blue 
 
 Was only a plank in the bridge 
 Over which some should pass to a fame 
 
 That shall shine while the high stars shall shine ! 
 ^'our hero is known by an echoing name, 
 
 But the man of the musket is mine. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 333 
 
 revenues of the Postal Department, judging by their numbers. The sutler was 
 supplied with a highly-colored assortment of humorous valentines. Sheets so 
 prominent in the windows at home were in stock, and the sutler had large sales 
 of them in this camp. Not satisfied, however, with these highly-colored pictures, 
 many of the soldiers employed amateur artists and color-painters to make draw- 
 ings and sketches suitable for sweethearts at home. The favorite drawing, in 
 the absence of tin-types and photographs, was the cartoon-sketching of the 
 soldier in the new zouave uniform, which afforded a fine field for the amateur 
 painters in camp, using Osborn's water colors. These cartoons depicted the 
 zouave in the attitude of resisting a cavalry charge, or bayoneting a fleeing Con- 
 federate, etc. 
 
 Lieutexant-Gexeral Grant ix Command. 
 
 Early in !March, 1864, General Grant, who had been assigned to command 
 the Army of the Potomac, passed the camp on the railroad, and, by many of the 
 Regiment, a mental note was made of the significance of this arrival so near 
 the approach of spring, and the conclusion was reached by all that it meant 
 business of actual campaigning. 
 
 On March 27th, at dress-parade, a notice was read by the Adjutant of the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment that the Regiment had been transferred 
 to the First Brigade of the First Division. Also that the Corps commander. 
 General George Sykes, identified with the Fifth Corps from its formation, and 
 commanding it at Gettysburg and up to the present time, had been transferred 
 to the Western aimy; also that Major-General Gouverneur K. Warren had been 
 promoted from Chief Engineer of the Army of the Potomac to succeed General 
 Sykes as commander of the Fifth Army Corps. General Sykes was a most 
 efficient and faithful officer in everj' battle of the Army of the Potomac, having 
 won his fame and reputation as the commander of the United States Regulars. 
 That General Sykes reciprocated the love and esteem the Corps had for him is 
 shown by his farewell address, which was read to all the regiments at dress- 
 parade, reading as follows : 
 
 " Headquarters Fifth Army Corps, 
 
 " March 24, 1864. 
 " General Orders No. o. 
 
 " Soldiers of the Fifth Corps: By direction of the War Department. I am 
 relieved from duty with the Army of the Potomac. 
 
 " In obeying an order so wholly unexpected. I part from you with the pro- 
 foundest regret. We have been associated together since your organization as a 
 corps ; we have shared all the campaigns of this glorious army and for months 
 it has been my pride and distinction to be your chief. 
 
 " The history of your achievements adds a lustre to the history of your 
 country and in the great battle of the \^'ar. on the 2(1 of July, 1863, your heroism 
 and valor indisputably saved the day. 
 
 " I part from you feeling assured that your manly virtues, courage and 
 patriotism will still be conspicuous in campaigns to come, and the insignia borne 
 
-334 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 upon your flags and worn upon your breasts, will, in the shock of battle, always 
 be found in the thick of your country's foes. 
 
 (Signed) George Sykes, 
 
 Major-General. 
 
 Last Days in Winter Quarters. 
 
 In camp at Warrenton Junction, along the railroad, the Regiment passed 
 the four winter months, a most pleasant and enjoyable rest. They had all learned 
 from experience the life and duty of soldiers, and also the benefit of discipline ; 
 and hence but little complaint or grumbling, such as had marked the dissatis- 
 faction and discontent of soldiers in the early days of their enlistment, charac- 
 terized this camp. The re-enlistments of the veteran regiments had been highly 
 successful. Many recruits were sent to the decimated regiments of the Army 
 ■of the Potomac, including the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth; and the army was 
 brought to a high state of perfection, officers and men submitting to discipline, 
 cheerfully and willingly undergoing the hardships incident to military life, 
 -and looking forward to an early closing of the war in the approaching spring 
 campaign. 
 
 Lieutenant-Generaf. Grant Issues Marching Orders. 
 
 May 1, 1864, orders were issued by General U. S. Grant, commanding the 
 armies of the L'nited States, with headquarters with the Army of the Potomac, 
 to break camp and to pack up and take up the march once more to cross the 
 Rajipahannock river from Brandy Station, a distance of six miles, thus bidding 
 farewell forever to our winter quarters and pleasant associations incident thereto. 
 A feature on the resumption of campaign life is proper to mention here. It 
 is the coincidence that while changes in the general officers from the highest to 
 the lowest were constantly in progress by reorganizations and resignations, etc., 
 reorganizations of the various messes of the enlisted men and non-commissioned 
 officers in the commands were also taking place. Soon after enlistment the sol- 
 diers selected their messmates, a mess being composed of two or three — generally 
 three. No detail or assignments of messes was made by officers or others. 
 The selections were amicable, being governed largely by congeniality. This 
 frequently led to changes from disagreements, and but few of the original messes 
 remained together even among the survivors until the end of the war. Many 
 messes of three were wholly extinguished by the casualties of war though not 
 always in one battle. Many other messes were broken up through sickness or 
 ■disease causing deaths or discharges. Many more messes of three would be by 
 promotions requiring a separation. Still more messes would be disintegrated by 
 the detailing of members of the mess for special duty, such as guard-mount, 
 •orderlies, clerks, hospital nurses, or other positions. Therefore, on this day, the 
 breaking of camp on the resumption of the march marked as many changes in 
 the formation of messes of both officers and men relatively as did the changes 
 in the general army from Lieutenant-General Grant down. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 235 
 
 LIEUT. -GEN. U. S. GRANT. 
 
•236 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 May od. Ayres' Division, now consolidated to a brigade, after breaking up 
 camp, slowly marched to Brandy Station, remaining there until about one o'clock, 
 when the march was resumed at a slow pace. The column was halted near 
 Culpeper, having accomplished six miles. This halt was supposed to be for the 
 night, and the troops spread their ponchos on the ground and lay down for a 
 night's rest, expecting no interruption until morning, although knowing that 
 the march was to be resumed. This night, in view of the resumption of the 
 campaign, the already heavily-laden knapsacks filled with trinkets accumulated 
 in the four months of camp life, were overhauled with a view of making the 
 same lighter by disposing of all unnecessary articles. !Many sat up late stripping 
 their knapsacks of their contents for that purpose. Many more were in most 
 earnest conjecture about the destination of the movement and the result of the 
 same, in anticipation of meeting the Confederate army south of the Rapidan. 
 Before the first sleep was had, about eleven o'clock, the Regimental bugle blew 
 the familiar sound of " Pack up I Pack up! " No time was lost. It was a little 
 past midnight before the column was in motion, and the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth in its place in line. Daylight on May 4, 1864, found the column 
 at Gernianna Ford on the Rapidan. Avres' Brigade was in advance, conse- 
 quently the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was among the first to cross imme- 
 diately after Sheridan's Cavalry, which had passed over at daylight, finding only 
 a few Confederate pickets, who retreated without obstructing the way. Here, 
 as they marched by at the Ford, the Regiment had a good view of General 
 Phil. Sheritlan and his stall, who were halted near the Ford to allow the Fifth 
 Corps to take position to follow the cavalry, and also to see that his cavalry 
 wagon trains promptly followed the infantry column, .\fter crossing this Ford 
 with the Corps the Regiment marched five miles, reaching the outskirts of the 
 Wilderness at the intersection of the Germanna Plank Road and the Orange 
 Court House Pike, where all the troops and the artillery seemed to camp. The 
 spectacle on the plateau of several miles in extent selected for this night's camp 
 for the arm)' was most remarkable and one which those witnessing it can never 
 forget. It was a beautiful spring afternoon when the halt took place. The 
 troops had had no fatiguing march, and were fresh and well rested by their long 
 idleness in winter quarters, there being no stragglers. The breaking up of the 
 winter camp and the present out-door life and the resumption of campaigning 
 was most cheering and gratifying. Numerous fires were started, each mess 
 prepared its meals leisurely, having an abundance of rations, and as stated, the 
 troops were in magnificent spirits. The numerous brass bands of the United 
 States Regulars and others attached to the divisions in the Fifth Corps were 
 present in this bivouac, and bringing out their instruments, soon discoursed in- 
 spiring music, adding very much to the animation of the occasion. 
 
 The Cal^l that Preceded xfiE Storm. 
 
 The Fifth Corps, which was thus camped on the edge of the Wilderness, 
 was thirty thousand strong, and with the Corps artillery and teams and wagons 
 all parked adjacent in that open country, as stated, mafle it a most remarkable 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 237 
 
 scene. The music of tlu- bands continued until the last ray of the setting sun 
 had disappeared below the western sky and the shades of night had settled 
 down upon the camp. Everything was indicative of peace, comfort and good 
 cheer. No hostile sound or report from the enemy, who had fallen back 
 quietly from the Ford and allowed Grant's columns to come unresisted to the 
 Wilderness, had yet been heard. All was quiet and still in that dense underwood 
 and jungle, or ground known as the Wilderness, except the song of the whip- 
 poor-will and the occasional screeching of an owl. Where was the enemy? 
 Why did the Confederates allow the crossing of the river by Grant's columns 
 without resistance? Their silence was ominous. Usually in war the crossing 
 of streams at the fords i> resisted, and works and ramparts are erected by the 
 enemy to prevent the crossing by their foes. Yet the Confederates ofter no 
 resistance and even abandon their defenses constructed at the Ford. Undis- 
 turbed. Grant's army, thus halted and in bivouac, at the usual sound of " tattoo " 
 at ten o'clock, lights went out and the troops retired and slept as soundly and 
 peacefully as in any camp during their service. No enemy disturbed their 
 slumbers, and but few had premonitions or discussed the prospects of the next 
 day, or anticipated the terrible fighting in the Wilderness. 
 
 The holocaust that closed the ne.xt day's lighting was in awful contrast 
 to the already described peaceful surroundings of the troops on retiring this 
 evening. The movements of that part of Grant's army as the troops packed up 
 from their bivouacs and camps along the C)range & Alexandria Railroad where 
 they had wintered, had been closely watched by the Confederate scouts and 
 pickets, and more especially from the signal stations on Cedar and Pony Moun- 
 tains, in the vicinity of Brandy Station and Culpeper. General Lee, in his 
 fortified camp and winter ()uarti_-rs at Alinu Run and Orange Court House, was 
 supplied with reliable information of every movement of the Army of the 
 Potomac. No one knew this better than did General jNIeade, the commander, 
 who, upon consultation with Lieutenant-General Grant, the new commander, 
 directed General A. A. Humphreys, the able and efficient Chief-of-Stafif of the 
 Army of the Potomac, to prepare and submit a project for the opening cam- 
 paign in the spring of 18Gi. General Humphreys accordingly prepared a 
 project that was approved by Generals Grant and Meade. 
 
 To prevent the enemy from discovering the real intention of the Union 
 commanders in the campaign about to open, no attempt at first was made by 
 night marches or through woods to conceal the movements of the Second. Fifth. 
 Si.xth and Ninth Army Corps, or of the cavalry. On the contrary, in broad 
 daylight, these Corps, with the cavalry, aggregating on the army rolls at that 
 date, over one hundred and thirty thousand men. broke camp and by slow and 
 easy marches, commencing on April .30th, advanced to the Rappahannock, laid 
 their pontoons and continued their advance through the pickets of the enemy 
 south of the Rappahannock, halting at Brandy Station a day or two, and ex- 
 tending their columns as far as Culpeper. This route was entirely in the oppo- 
 site direction from where Lee's entire army was located, and threatened a march 
 to Richmond away from the Wilderness or the subsequent movements of the 
 Union army into the A\'ilderness on the Spottsylvania route. The miles of am- 
 
■rSS UNDER THE I\1ALTESE CROSS. 
 
 munition trains and man}- more miles of supply-wagon trains and quarter- 
 master trains, together with the long column of artillery composing the one hun- 
 dred or more batteries of the Amiy of the Potomac, not to mention the superb 
 cavalry divisions of Generals Gregg, Merritt and Custer, and their wagon trains, 
 must have attracted in the week occupied in the change of base the serious 
 attention of General Lee and his vigilant vienerals. 
 
 This open display of the movement of the Army of the Potomac as facing 
 Richmond, indicating to the enemy an advance southward and away from the 
 old battlefields of the ^^'ilderness and Chancellorsville after the movement had 
 been started, was all suddenly changed. When nightfall came on the evening 
 of the 3d of May, the Second, Fifth, Sixth and the cavalry corps, in advance, 
 under Sheridan, were ordered, in conformity with the plan of campaign, to 
 march to the Rapidan. and there to cross — Hancock's Corps at Ely's Ford, 
 where the trains had delivered pontoons for bridges ; the Fifth and the Sixth 
 Corps on pontoon bridges laid at Germanna Ford. General \\'ilson"s Cavalry 
 Division led the advance of the columns across the Rapidan, meeting with no 
 resistance except the feeble fire of a few Confederate pickets occupying the 
 fortified points at the fords mentioned. The Ninth Corps, thirty thou- 
 sand strong, under General A. E. Burnside. followed the Fifth Corps, under 
 General Warren, and the Sixth Corps, under General Sedgwick, at Germanna 
 Ford. 
 
 General Grant's Movement to Wilderness Successful. 
 
 The movement projected by General Humphreys for the various corps was 
 carried out very successfully, being executed with precision and promptness, 
 every corps and column of troops and the vast army trains occupying miles and 
 miles of roads, and pai^ks of artillery, were found to be posted in proper posi- 
 tions without confusion or interference with each other ; so that it was a 
 subject of profound congratulation, indeed, to Generals Grant and Meade that 
 their first movement in the opening of the campaign of 1864 was a decided 
 success. 
 
 This fact had much to do with the splendid morale and spirits pervading 
 the entire army under its new commander in the opening of the battle in the 
 Wilderness on May 5th. Neither General Grant nor General Meade was given 
 to the issuing of vainglorious, bombastic orders, either before or after battles, as 
 had so many previous commanders of the army, who had been unfortunate in 
 issuing premature congratulations. 
 
 General Flumphreys, in his volume on the " Campaigns of \'irginia," con- 
 tradicts the assertion of General Badeau, in his " Memoirs of General Grant,'" 
 that the plan of campaign involved battles in the Wilderness. On the contrary, 
 General Humphreys asserts that the plan or project which he was ordered to 
 prepare, and which met with the approval of Grant and Meade, contemplated 
 no such thought as an engagement or campaign in so unsuitable a place as the 
 twenty miles of Wilderness presented. Its many drawbacks — its so few and so 
 narrow roads, all of which were familiar to General Meade and himself, from 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 339 
 
 previous campaigns, suggested its absolute unfitness for the maneuvering of 
 large bodies of troops. Its impenetrable jungles and undergrowth of saplings 
 made it impossible to handle a regiment, much less divisions and corps in- 
 telligentl}'. or to form alignments. Besides, it was wholly impracticable, 
 by reason of the absence of clearings or roads for either artillery or cavalry 
 movements. 
 
 Mmr"^'^^' 
 
-240 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Chapter XI. 
 
 THE BATTLE OF THE WTLDERNESS. 
 
 Description of Wilderness. — One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and Ayres' 
 Brigade Open Battle. — One Hundred and Fortieth New York Volunteers 
 Suffers Terrible Punishment. — Battle Ground Not Adapted for Ar- 
 tillery. — Captain George M. Laughlin Commands One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth's Skirmish Line. — Ayres' Brigade Attacks with Tremendous 
 Energy. — Battle Rages with Tremendous Fury. — Contest Too Unequal 
 to be Maintained. — Enemy Falls with Fearful Energy on Ayres' Exposed 
 Flank. — Brigade Compelled to Retreat. — Woods on Fire. — Many Dead and 
 Wounded Left Between Lines Cremated. — Regiment on Skirmish Line 
 During Night. — Overpowered by Enemy's Solid Battle Line. — Regiment 
 Falls Back and is Fired Upon. — Heated Colloquy of Colonel Pearson 
 with General Ayres. — Colonel Pearson Placed Under Arrest. — Many 
 Wounded Become Prisoners. — Casualties. 
 
 ]HE road over which the Fifth Army Corps had marched from Ger- 
 manna Ford on the afternoon of the 4th of May, 1864, ran in a 
 southeasterly direction for six or seven miles, where it formed a 
 junction with the Orange turnpike, running almost due west from 
 Fredericksburg to Orange Court House ; and the bivouac of the 
 One Hundred and P^ifty-fifth that night was near the junction of these two 
 roads, in the vicinity of the Old Wilderness Tavern. The slumbers of the troops 
 during the night " before the battle " were serene and undisturbed. Daylight, 
 which broke about five o'clock on the morning of May 5th, found the troops 
 of Ayres' Brigade refreshed and on the alert for what the day should bring 
 forth. The sequel showed they had but little time to await the discovery. 
 
 The sun, in blood-red splendor, as if ominous of the dreadful carnage which 
 was soon to follow in the dense entanglement of the jungle in which Grant's 
 entire armv was soon to become enmeshed, was pouring his slanting beams 
 through the openings in the woods so richly clad in the green robes of early 
 summer. 
 
 The Wilderness. — Combat Opens. 
 
 The Wilderness, on the outskirts of which the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth rested so peacefully that calm spring night, and in the jungles and ravines 
 of which it was so soon to participate in one of the mightiest and bloodiest, if 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 241 
 
 not decisive, battles of the war, is a wild, desolate region of worn-out farms 
 ■covered with a dense growth of scraggy oak and pines, sassafras and hazel, in- 
 terlaced with an entanglement of vines that rendered its recesses almost impene- 
 trable. This forbidding forest, of twenty miles square, was intersected with only 
 a few narrow roads and many deep ravines, which made only parts of it ac- 
 cessible to the Confederates, who, however, were already familiar with every foot 
 of ground within its boundaries. 
 
 About nine o'clock on the morning of the 5th a rattling of carbines from 
 the cavalry outposts in advance revealed the presence of the Confederates in the 
 neighborhood, and the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth knew that Grant's quest 
 had been successful. Ayres' Brigade, in the advance, was formed in two lines 
 of battle on the right of the Orange Turnpike. The One Hundred and Fortieth 
 
 THE BIVOUAC, "NIGHT BEFORE BATTLE OF WILDERNESS.' 
 
 New York, on the left, prolonged by the United States Regulars on the right, 
 composed the first line. The second line was formed immediately in the rear 
 of the first by the One Hundred and Forty-sixth New York on the left, just in 
 the rear of the One Hundred and Fortieth, and prolonged by the Ninety-first 
 and One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania on the right, the latter regiment 
 being in the rear of the Regulars, all these regiments forming and ready to ad- 
 vance as a double line of battle. All the regiments composing these two battle 
 lines un slung and piled their knapsacks, leaving guards over them. About noon 
 the final command " Forward " was given, and the troops advanced slowly and 
 laboriously through the undergrowth, with considerable noise caused by the 
 rattling of tin-cups, bayonets and canteens clashing together. A most accurate 
 ■and graphic account of this day's battle in the Wilderness by Captain Porter 
 
243 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Farley, of the One Hundred and Fortieth New York X'olunteers, in the same 
 brigade and location as the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth is here introduced: 
 
 Adjutant Porter Farley's Account hf the Battle. 
 
 '"After crossing the river, we marched in a southeasterly direction about 
 seven iniles on the road leading from Germanna Ford to the Orange Turnpike. 
 All was quiet. We heard not a shot that day. An ominous silence was our only 
 welcome as we found ourselves surrounded by the tangled thickets of the Spott- 
 sylvania Wilderness. When we arrived at the junction of the two roads, we 
 
 LIEUT.-GEN. GRANT'S HEADQUARTERS. CULPEPER COURT HOUSE, MAY 1, 1864. 
 
 turned to the right and proceeded for about a mile up the Orange Pike and 
 bivouacked in the woods on the right of the road. We had started out on this 
 campaign a Regiment more than six hundred strong, and in point of material, dis- 
 cipline and appearance, we had the vanity to think there was no other organiza- 
 tion in the army superior to us. Our distinctive zouave uniform had made us 
 well known throughout the army, particularl)' as we had spent the winter beside 
 the railroad over which so man)- men and officers had passed on their way to 
 and from Washington. That fatal 5th of May was to see this splendid Regiment 
 shorn of half its strength, and mourning the loss of half its members. 
 
 " About nine o'clock on the 5th of May we became aware that the enemy 
 were in front up the Orange Turnpike. This road for some miles to the west- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 243 
 
244 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 ward was perfectly straight, so that we could clearly see groups of men crossing 
 it some two miles distant from us. 
 
 " No large bodies of troops could be seen moving upon it. which, however, 
 was no proof against their presence in the woods on either side. Some one 
 or two pieces of artillery were planted on the road, and began tiring in our 
 direction, but at ver}- long range and doing no damage. A section of one 
 of our batteries was sent a short way up the road, and there took position and 
 replied to them. Lieutenant-Colonel E. A. Otis, of our Regiment, was out in 
 the woods in command of the picket line of our Division. The rebel skirmishers 
 soon reached them and a rattling fire began. 
 
 " Meanwhile we had piled our knapsacks, and had left them in charge of 
 a guard of two men. The Regiment formed a new line a few rods in front 
 of our bivouac, antl there waited for more than an hour expecting any moment 
 to advance, the skirmish firing in our front continuing all this time. 
 
 " At last, about noon, w'e got the order ' Forward,' and with the left of our 
 Regiment guiding upon the turnpike, but not exposing itself upon it, we ad- 
 vanced in line of battle through the woods. The Regulars of our Brigade were 
 on our right and the One Hundred and Forty-sixth New York was in our rear. 
 The brush and undergrowth greatly impeded our progress, and prevented very 
 exact alignment, but we went steadily though slowly forward. 
 
 "After advancing about half a mile we reached our picket line, now act- 
 ing as skirmishers, and engaged with those of the enemy. We marched right 
 through and left them behind. The rebel skirmishers fell back as we went on. 
 In about five minutes we reached an opening in the woods some acres in extent 
 and forming a sort of valley or hollow^ two or three hundred yards in width 
 directly across our line of march. The rebels were posted on the crest of the 
 hill opposite us, just in the edge of the woods which skirted the hollow. The 
 very moment w-e appeared they gave us a volley at long range, but evidently with 
 very deliberate aim, and with serioits effect. The mare which Colonel Ryan rode 
 was grazed by a bullet on the fetlock, and she kicked and plunged so that he 
 had to dismount and leave her to be led to the rear. Lieutenant John Hume, 
 who had lately been promoted from Regimental Commissary Sergeant, and who 
 here went under fire for the first time, was struck in the knee, and lost his leg 
 in consequence. Quite a number of enlisted men were also wounded, among them 
 a man named William Hurle, of my company. His gun and accoutrements were 
 immediately appropriated by our Regimental butcher, Casper Tromm, who had 
 no arms of his own, but who, in obedience to orders, follow'ed the line up 
 closelv, and now took his place in the ranks, 
 
 " The moment we received this volley. Colonel Ryan ordered us to lie down 
 and fix bayonets. In a minute or two one of General Ayres' staflf, either Captain 
 Winthrop or Lieutenant Swan, rode along to see if we were ready to advance. 
 In a few seconds the order was passed along the connnand, and the Regiment 
 started at full speed with a shout which drowned all other sounds. Captain 
 Grantson's was the color company, and mine was next to it on the left. \\'e were 
 thus just in the middle of the line. Colonel Ryan was with us, he and I run- 
 ning so near together that we exchanged words as we went across the field. Of 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 245 
 
 COL. GEORGE RYAN. 
 
 course, the moment we sprung to our 
 feet, the enemy opened fire upon us, and 
 manv of our men fell before we reached 
 the skirt of the woods where the rebels 
 were posted. Unhindered by the fire that 
 thinned its ranks, the Regiment never 
 slackened its speed till it reached the 
 woods, where it expected to close on the 
 enemy with the bayonet, but they fell 
 back just as we were about to reach them, 
 retiring slowly into the undergrowth. 
 The moment we reached the woods our 
 speed was checked, and then for the 
 first time we opened fire, but still kept 
 advancing slowly. Ryan passed rapidly 
 along the whole line, waving his hat, for 
 he had no sword with him, having left it 
 sticking in the girth of his saddle. He 
 was full of energy, and though we were 
 in a forest, he showed himself at every 
 point of our thin line during these few 
 desperate minutes. As we drove the 
 
 enem\- before us, it soon became evident that our position was a very perilous 
 one ; for, while we had charged across an open valley, the Regulars on our right, 
 starting at the same time that we did, had been obliged to force their way 
 through the bushes, and were consequently far behind us. Our right flank was 
 thus exposed to a raking fire. The Regiment melted away like snow. Men disap- 
 peared as if the earth had swallowed them up. Every officer about me was shot 
 down. No other officers were now to be seen, and only a few men scattered here 
 and there among the bushes. It seemed as if the Regiment had been annihilated. 
 " In charging across the clearing, we had moved in a direction somewhat 
 oblique to the road, so that our center companies were upon it when they reached 
 the woods. Several times during the fight I crossed from one side of it to the 
 other. Some two or three minutes later the One Hundred and Forty-sixth New 
 York, led by Colonel Jenkins, came up to the support of our right wing, though 
 really by that time they had to take the brunt of the fight, for our organization 
 was virtually destroyed. Jenkins' men came up in good style, and he led them 
 on bravely. It was the last time I ever saw him. Strange as it may seem, 
 though dressed in a Colonel's uniform, with shoulder straps, he was lost in that 
 charge, and was never afterward heard of. The One Hundred and Forty-sixth 
 advanced into the woods somewhat to the right of the road where I was stand- 
 ing. A half dozen or so of our men were firing from behind shelter at the sides 
 of the road, but they had no line of battle left. Just then there were two terrific 
 explosions in the hollow behind us, accompanied by the crash of shot through 
 the trees, and followed by a dense cloud of smoke which completely enveloped us. 
 Taken completely by surprise by this fire in our rear, we jumped into a gulley 
 
246 
 
 UNDER THE :\IALTESE CROSS. 
 
 COL. DAVID T. JENKINS. 
 
 which had been worn by tlie rain beside the 
 road, and in its friendly sheher retreated 
 some rods down the hill. The guns blazed 
 awa\-, and we could now see that they were a 
 section of our own artillery planted in the 
 hollow and firing up the road where we had 
 been standing. At that same time we saw 
 emerging from the woods on the right a rebel 
 flag and full line of battle. We were nearly 
 cut off. but taking our otily chance for escape, 
 -tarted back across the open field. Sergeant 
 .McDermott. of Company K, was my only 
 companion in this inglorious retreat. It 
 seemed as if the bullets flew about faster than 
 ever, and I was never more surprised in my 
 life than when we reached unhurt the shelter 
 of the woods on the other side. The artillery 
 men saw their danger at the same time, but 
 it was too late. I\Iost of their horses were 
 shot, and the others became entangled in 
 their harness. The guns were lost and most of the men were killed or taken 
 prisoners. The officer in command of the section, Lieutenant Shelton, of 
 Battery D. First New York Artillery, was among those captured. His conduct 
 was gallant to be sure, but from my standpoint, the road up which he fired. I can 
 hardly call it wise. I have been informed by General Warren that he directed 
 a section of artillery to accompany our Brigade, so that when the enemy should 
 be broken the guns might open fire, and their sound being heard along the line, 
 thus give confidence to our men. But the fact is that those two guns were un- 
 limbered in about the lowest part of the hollow, and fired two or three rounds 
 haphazard into the woods where some few of our men were yet left, and where 
 the One Hundred and Forty-sixth New York had just entered to sufl:'er a loss 
 fully equal to ours. 
 
 " Upon regaining the shelter of the woods at a point somewhat to the left of 
 the turnpike, I found scores of men, some wounded and others not, but no 
 organized troops. Working my way up the road, I there met Colonel Ryan, 
 two officers and perhaps a dozen of our men. It was a wild meeting. Overcome 
 by our conflicting emotions of wrath, excitement and mortification, we all talked 
 at once. ' Mv God!" said Rvan, 'I am the first colonel I ever knew who 
 couldn't tell where his regiment was." Each told hurriedly what he knew 
 of those he had seen hurt, and as we were still in an exposed place where the 
 bullets occasionally flew in among us. we fell back to the place where we had 
 left our knapsacks. Then in an incredibly short time the remainder of the Regi- 
 ment rallied. 
 
 " The One Hundred and Fort\-sixth New York, Colonel Jenkins in com- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 247 
 
 niand, advanced nobly to the assistance of the One Hundred and Fortieth, and 
 suffered severely." 
 
 Captain George M. Laughlin, of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regi- 
 ment, Commands Skirmish Line. 
 
 All the regiments in Ayres' Brigade on the right of the One Hundred and 
 Fortieth New York did not sustain the enormous losses such as that Regiment 
 did, but all suffered heavy losses. On the first advance of Ayres' Brigade, on 
 the morning of the .jth, Colonel Pearson had detailed Captain George M. Laugh- 
 lin to command the skirmish line of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, who dis- 
 charged that hazardous duty with his men under the greatest difficulties. In 
 advancing the skirmishers. Captain Laughlin noticed something moving at a short 
 distance in the woods in front. In order to find out whether it was the 
 enemy lurking there, he ordered his men to fire in the direction of the sup- 
 posed sounds and movements, although from the underbrush nothing certain was 
 visible. 
 
 The firing elicited the fact that it was the Confederate skirmish line, and 
 that Captain Laughlin's surmise was correct. This, no doubt, was the opening 
 of the ball, as it is termed, in the great battle of the Wilderness. The firing 
 of the enemy at once became so severe, that Captain Laughlin ordered his men 
 to lie down, and continue firing as rapidly as possible. While directing the fire of 
 his men, he noticed the gun drop from the nerveless hands of the nearest man 
 on his right, as the enemy's bullet pierced his flesh. An instant later the reclining 
 soldier on the left of the officer was shot in the neck, inflicting a mortal wound. 
 While still engaged in bravely facing the enemy in this perilous position. Captain 
 Laughlin and his skirmishers were, re-enforced by the approach of the battle 
 line of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and Ayres' Brigade. 
 
 On first coming in contact with the enemy, Ayres' Brigade advanced to the 
 attack with tremendous energy, driving them back with coinplete success, and if 
 the Brigade had been properly supported it is quite probable that the Confed- 
 erate troops would have been involved in hopeless disaster. As it was, however, a 
 whole Confederate division was rushed to the rescue of their shattered column, 
 and in what seemed the moment of victory, Ayres' Brigade was brought to a 
 sudden standstill, and the battle raged with tremendous fury. The contest, how- 
 ever, soon became too unequal to be long maintained by the Union troops. It 
 had been intended that the line of Ayres' Brigade should be prolonged and sus- 
 tained by a division of the Sixth Corps, but the denseness of the woods and the 
 absence of roads prevented the troops from making connection. On the ex- 
 posed flank of Ayres' Brigade, therefore, the enemy fell with fearful energy, and, 
 being thus overpowered, the Brigade was compelled to fall back. 
 
 The dense barrier of brushwood through which the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth had to make their way in the advance was difficult work, even without the 
 effort to preserve alignment. Consequently, the line was very irregular and 
 broken by the time it reached the thin line of Regulars who preceded the right 
 
248 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 of Ayres' Brigade as skirmishers. In a few minutes the enemy, in overpowering: 
 number, was encountered advancing swiftly to meet the advancing regiments of 
 Ayres' Brigade, their front lines forced forward by those in the rear. 
 
 Instantly the fire became general and the sulphurous smoke settled down 
 over the combatants in the thicket as if it would shield the victims of the terri- 
 ble " shouting, screaming war-demon " against which the furious fire from the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and the other regiments seemed to have no visible 
 effect. As if to hide from view the victims of man's wrath, everywhere a gentle 
 steady rain of twigs and leaves was falling to the earth, pruned by the same 
 hail that penetrated the flesh and splintered the bones of the devoted men of the 
 few regiments that vainly fought to destroy or at least check this terrific on- 
 slaught. The colors around which the men of the Regiment had so often rallied 
 remained tightly furled around the stafif. \o room was there amid the thorns and 
 briars of that enslaving jungle to imfurl the flag. 
 
 Closer and yet closer came the hostile hosts. Faster and more furious fought 
 the Union troops. Yelling like devils the enemy fell upon the Union line. A 
 Confederate captain falls dead, shot by a soldier of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth. Three or four Confederates throw the body of their officer in a blanket 
 and bear him off ; while their strong lines, yelling and cursing, burst upon and 
 intermingle with the men of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. " Throw down 
 your guns! Drop your colors! Surrender!" shouted the enemy. Sergeant 
 Lawson, of Company H. of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, having no time to 
 go aroimd, jumped into a thicket of brambles, tearing his way through, badly 
 lacerating his body and leaving portions of his tattered garments impaled upon 
 the thorns. 
 
 Color-Sergeant ilarlin, with a firmer grasp of the colors, turned and, amid 
 a shower of bullets, tore his way through the bushes toward the rear. The re- 
 mainder of the Regiment quickly abandoned the unecjual conquest and retreated^ 
 Had the enemy not become as badly disorganized as the men of the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth, few of the wounded would have escaped. Indeed, quite a 
 number of the Regiment, as it was, were both wounded and captured. The battle 
 in the somber recesses of the Wilderness on the .jth of May, was a "pandemonium 
 of horrid sounds and a panorama of awful scenes." Suddenly a sullen roar smote 
 the ear, gradually dying out until the sounds resembled that made by a boy 
 running with a stick pressed against a paling fence ; again swelling up into a con- 
 tinuous roar. It could not be said with truth that Ayres' Brigade was whipped 
 by the Confederates, but it was simply overpowered by vastly superior numbers. 
 The Brigade was soon re-formed in the rear and was again ready and eager 
 for action. Both officers and men. of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, and the 
 other regiments of Ayres' Brigade, chagrined and humiliated, declared that they 
 had not been whipped, but simply overwhelmed by the enemy. 
 
 Incidents of the B.\ttle. 
 
 The clearing or open space, referred to in the narrative of Captain Porter 
 Farley, over which Ayres' Brigade drove the enemy, was the homestead of a 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 24» 
 
 Confederate named Major Lacy, whose house was surrounded by a lawn and 
 o-reen meadows. In this opening of the battle of the Wilderness there was no 
 ■desultory firing to mark the beginning of the fray, but the fire opened instantly 
 on both sides as soon as the opposing forces came into contact, and became 
 •deadly amid the bushes. So fierce was the contest that both lines of Ayres' 
 Brigade became confused, and fell back, the underbrush between the lines being 
 cut off as if it had been mown. The Regulars, the Ninety-first Pennsylvania and 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania were thrown into confusion, and 
 were unable to tell whether they were firing into friend or foe, and finally they 
 fell back through the underbrush. The two pieces of Union artillery, mentioned 
 by Captain Farley, got half way across the clearing when all their horses were 
 shot, and the guns were abandoned between the lines. Ayres' Brigade was re- 
 formed a short distance in the rear of the clearing by the continuous calls of the 
 Brigade and Regimental bugles, the density of the woods obscuring the position 
 •of the troops from each other. Colonel Pearson, having been assisted to mount 
 an unsaddled horse, straightened himself up, and in a loud voice called " Atten- 
 tion ! I want you to understand that this Regiment is not whipped yet," which 
 was received by the Regiment with a good-humored laugh and cries of " cer- 
 tainly not ! " 
 
 The musketry fire at close range, continuous and deadly, was kept up all 
 .afternoon and evening, with constant picket firing by both sides, particularly 
 where covering the two pieces of artillery left between the lines. This entangle- 
 ment of wilderness was totally unsuitable for artillery operations and maneuver- 
 ing on this first day, and there were only three or four shots fired from the guns 
 •on the opening of the fight. Both Generals Grant and Aleade had been at the old 
 Wilderness tavern about eight o'clock in the morning of the 5th, and it was not 
 the opinion of either of these commanders that the Confederates were present 
 in any great force. On the contrary, it was their belief that General Lee had 
 fallen back, and that the forces of the enemy with which the cavalry had come 
 in contact were merely Lee's rear guard covering the latter's retreat. How they 
 ■mistook the true situation, later events showed. 
 
 Fire in Woods Adds to Horrors of W.\r. 
 
 To add to the horrors of this battlefield, the woods took fire and many of the 
 •dead and wounded left between the lines were cremated. This, no doubt, was the 
 fate of the many accounted for as missing. 
 
 So dense were the thickets through which the two battle lines had advanced 
 that, in falling back rapidly, many of the men had their flesh so lacerated and 
 their clothes so torn that from their bloody appearance they were supposed to 
 be wounded, \\nien the gloom of night had cast its mantle upon this field of 
 slaughter, intrenching began on the newly-formed lines, and was steadily carried 
 ■on all night. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth constructed intrenchments at 
 three difi^erent places, as they were shifted from point to point. Before daylight 
 •on May 6th, however, Griffin's Division, with the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, 
 
250 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 left their newly constructed breastworks and advanced to their old position of the 
 day before. 
 
 The Confederates were just as busily occupied in building intrenchments at 
 the same time as was Ayres' Brigade. During the night, in lulls of picket firing, 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth could hear the sharp ring of the enemy's axes 
 and the falling of trees. Very heavy skirmishing took place at intervals during 
 the 6th, and that night the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, being deployed as 
 skirmishers, were moved from point to point in the woods, the locations being in- 
 dicated by Colonel Pearson, who whistled the bugle calls on the handle of his 
 riding whip. While on this skirmish line the Regiment could hear intrenching 
 operations being carried on, both in the direction of the enemy and in the rear of 
 
 ii*^V^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 FIFTH CORPS REPLENISHING AMMUNITION. MAY 5. 1864. 
 
 the Regiment. Toward morning the skirmish line formed by the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth was located in front, or at the edge of a clearing, the men being 
 posted by twos at close intervals. As day dawned, the advance of the Confederates 
 to attack could be plainly seen by the skinnishers through the young green 
 foliage. Nearer and nearer they came. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth held 
 its fire and watched the Confederates halt and straighten their line. Then, when 
 the bugles of the enemy sounded the charge, the firing began. The Confederate 
 officers could be heard giving commands. Suddenly the enemy's solid battle line 
 were upon the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth skirmishers, who opened fire at close 
 quarters and then fell back. The other regiments of Ayres' Brigade during the 
 night had constructed heavy breastworks, which were well manned. Before the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 351 
 
 One Hundred and Plfty-fifth skirmishers could fall back into the breastworks in 
 the rear, a heavy fire of musketry and canister was opened right through their 
 ranks upon the enemy from the Union troops in the rear. So severe was this 
 fire that it quickly repulsed the Confederates, except some of the most advanced, 
 who rushed into the skirmish line of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, and lay 
 down with them to escape the fire of the Union troops. They were nearly all 
 taken prisoners. As soon as the enemy retreated, the fire slackened, and the One 
 Hundred and Fiftv-fifth skirmishers were ordered back into the breastworks. 
 
 COLOXEL Pe.\R.SOX TEMrOR.\RILY RELIEVED. 
 
 Upon reaching the works. Colonel Pearson, in command of the Regiment, 
 had a heated colloquy with General Ayres over this firing into the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth by other regiments of his Brigade, in which the Colonel used lan- 
 guage deemed disrespectful to General Ayres. The result was that Colonel Pear- 
 son was immediately removed from command and placed under arrest, remaining 
 so until the army had crossed the James river. Lieutenant-Colonel John Ewing, 
 in the meantime, took command and remained in charge of the Regiment through- 
 out the campaign until after the charge on the 18th of June at Petersburg. 
 
 Xo formal charges were ever preferred against Colonel Pearson, and the 
 matter was arranged by the transfer, some weeks later, of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth to General Sweitzer's Brigade in Griffin's Division, Fifth Corps. 
 
 To resume the narrative : C)n being ordered out to the skirmish line to re- 
 lieve the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, the Twentieth Alaine left good fires burn- 
 ing in the rear of the breastworks they had been occupying. The One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth boys were not slow in utilizing these fires for the purpose of 
 making coffee. One fire composed of a pile of rails was surrounded by perhaps 
 a dozen men watching their cups of coffee coming to the boil, when a twelve- 
 pound solid shot from the Confederate lines struck the end of the rails, scattering 
 rails, cups and coffee in all directions, fortunately, however, injuring no one. 
 As the only convenient place for procuring water was imder dangerous shell 
 fire from the enemy, it was very disappointing to have such an accident happen 
 at such a time, and induced strong language from some of the boys. 
 
 The Twentieth ]\Iaine relieved the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth as skir- 
 mishers, and the latter took possession of the place behind the breastworks pre- 
 viously occupied by the former when the Regiment proceeded to prepare the first 
 cooked food they had had for forty-eight hours. The Twentieth Maine, Colonel 
 J. L. Chamberlain, in advancing to the skirmish line which had been established 
 by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth during the night, had a severe fight 
 with the enemy, and suffered serious losses. A sergeant, who was some- 
 what late in gathering up his accoutrements, followed his regiment quickly 
 and in ten minutes thereafter was carried back dead, a shot having gone 
 straight through his chest. The grief of his brother, who helped carry him back, 
 was pitiable. 
 
 May 7th was spent in the woods skirmishing and, in military language, 
 
252 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 " feeling " the lines of the enemy, with occasionally heavy outbursts of musketry 
 and artillery. 
 
 After Observations. 
 
 In the engagement that took place on the .5th of May, 1864, the men of the 
 same army could not see each other at a distance of more than a few yards, and, 
 of course, could not see the enemy at a greater distance. Regiments struggling 
 through this mass of obstructions necessarily lost their bearings, and would sud- 
 denly come upon each other, and upon similar bodies of the enemy. All direc- 
 
 
 REMOVING THE WOUNDED AT WILDERNESS. 
 
 tion being lost, there would be desperate fighting for the possession of ground, 
 neither side knowing how much or how little, from a military point of view, the 
 possession sought or defended was worth. It was impossible for corps com- 
 manders to handle their troops with any co-operation. Even brigades became 
 broken up so that they could not re-inforce any body of troops, or assist in taking 
 advantage of temporary successes. To add to the perils of the fighting, several 
 times fires broke out in the inflammable brush and dead leaves, literally smother- 
 ing with smoke the combatants, and often seeking out the wounded who had help- 
 lessly sought shelter. Colonel D. T. Jenkins, of the One Hundred and Forty- 
 sixth New York, with many others of that Regiment, after being mortally 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 253 
 
 wounded, became enveloped in the prevailing conflagration, and were last seen 
 in the flames. 
 
 Ayres' Second Brigade and Bartlett's Third Brigade, of Griffin's Division, 
 held their new positions until 3 P. M., when the Fifth Corps lines were readjusted 
 in their original positions, the enemy having fallen back to their breastworks 
 from which their deadly attack had been made. The recovery of the lost ground 
 of the Fifth Corps, and especially of Ayres' Brigade, in the afternoon by the 
 movement to straighten the lines to the original position, revealed a scene of 
 distress and miserv- rarely surpassed in any other war. On this ground, thus re- 
 taken between the lines, were strewn the bodies of several thousand soldiers of 
 both enemy and foe, who fell in the awfully close range and frequently hand-to- 
 hand struggle. At least a thousand wounded soldiers, unable to move, also were 
 discovered, and many of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, thus recovered, de- 
 scribing the advance of the enemy over the ground in dispute and the falling 
 back of the line of the attacking colunm of Ayres' Brigade, averred that the 
 enemy, passing over them for dead, had robbed their persons of everything of 
 value and carried ofi knapsacks and contents in the most heartless manner. 
 
 Pathettc Ixcidexts. 
 
 In the hand-to-hand encounter and stand of Ayres' Brigade, in the advance 
 in the Wilderness, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment lost in prisoners 
 and killed and wounded many of its most valued and beloved comrades. Ser- 
 geant Harry R. Campbell, of Company B, a most popular and genial comrade, 
 noted in camps as an accomplished musician, was captured in this struggle with 
 the enemy, and destined to become a martyr in Libby and Andersonville prisons, 
 there to survive eleven months from the horrible treatment, dying at Annapolis 
 within a week after his exchange. He had become too much debilitated to jour- 
 ney on to the loving friends and relatives in Allegheny, Pa., who were unfortu- 
 nately kept in ignorance of his exchange. 
 
 Private John Hunter, of Company E, who, in the midst of the fray, was 
 clubbed into insensibility by a Confederate in the thicket, and captured and 
 taken prisoner, also died at Annapolis, his experience at Andersonville having 
 made him a physical wreck. His death at Annapolis occurred a few days after 
 his exchange. 
 
 Private Jacob S. Friend, of Company E, after being wounded in the shoul- 
 der and wrist in two places, was left for dead on this battlefield, from the shock, 
 and on reviving was taken prisoner by the retreating enemy, as the latter fell 
 back over the same ground to their earthworks. Private F'riend, at the time of 
 his capture, was the youngest and most delicate in physique of any in the ranks 
 of the Company, but he survived the horrors of Andersonville treatment, and 
 was exchanged after eleven months' captivity. It was many years after the war 
 before the terrible effects of his long imprisonment were eradicated. 
 
 Sergeant Hugh W. jMcGimpsey, a sturdy, small-sized man, in this fight at 
 close range had an opportunity to display his well-known pugilistic abilities. He 
 
254 
 
 UNDER THE AIALTESE CROSS. 
 
 CORP. MICHAEL B. LEMON. 1864 AND 1895. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 355 
 
 .got into a hand-to-hand encounter and wrestle with an able-bodied Confederate 
 whom he downed on the first round. Hardly had McGimpsey accomplished this 
 feat, however, when he was struck by a clubbed musket in the hands of another 
 Confederate and knocked insensible. Private Jacob S. Friend, of Company E, 
 who was standing next to McGirnpsey, and who himself was soon after struck 
 insensible by the bullets from the enemy and taken prisoner, declared that he 
 .actually believed all the time of his imprisonment that the blow thus received by 
 McGimpsey had killed him. After recovering from the shock, the brave Ser- 
 geant McGirnpsey, finding that the enemy had fallen back, made a " bee-line " 
 for the new rallying ground of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment and 
 Ayres' Brigade, surviving to participate in all subsequent campaigns of the 
 Regiment. 
 
 Corporal Michael B. Lemon, of Company E. also received in this day's 
 action very severe wounds, disabling him for life. 
 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment quickly recovered the ground 
 thus lost in the afternoon and brought Corporal Lemon again within the Union 
 lines, in reach of the stretcher-bearers, who carried him back to the field 
 hospital. 
 
 Color-Corporal John H. Mackin, of Company F. who was among the first 
 to receive a wound at the battle of Gettysburg, was again unfortunate, while 
 ■serving with the colors, receiving in this action a more severe wound in the left 
 shoulder in almost the same place as his former wound. Many will recall a 
 remark often made by ^Mackin on his return to the camp after recovering from 
 the Gettysburg wound, that " lightning rarely strikes twice in the same place." 
 Corporal Mackin was sent to the Wash- 
 ington General hospital, and there died a 
 month later from the effects of his 
 wound. 
 
 Horatio S. Harnish, of Company 
 H, from Rimersburg, Clarion county, in 
 the thickest of the fray, at the opening 
 ■of the battle of the Wilderness, on 
 this first day, was instantly killed. In 
 the advance on the charge of Hum- 
 phreys' Division, leading the " forlorn " 
 hope against the stonewall on Marye's 
 Heights, at Fredericksburg, Horatio S. 
 Harnish fell, severely wounded, and was 
 necessarily absent from the Regiment 
 some months, but at the earliest oppor- 
 tunity he rejoined the command in time 
 to participate in the great battles 
 of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and in 
 the Mine Run campaign, but fell a victim 
 to the enemy's fierce fire on the .5th of 
 
 May. HORATIO S. HARNISH. 
 
256 
 
 UNDER THE ^lALTESE CROSS. 
 
 John Griffith, of Compan)^ H, 
 on this day was on the skirmish 
 line, detailed from the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth, commanded 
 by Captain Laughlin. When the 
 enemy, in response to the fire of 
 these skirmishers, returned the fire,, 
 thus opening the battle with a ter- 
 rific attack along the Union line. 
 Colonel A. L. Pearson, command- 
 ing the Regiment, which, by reason 
 nf the dense undergrowth, was not 
 far in the rear of the skirmishers, 
 rode along the lines and ordered 
 his men to " cease firing " and to 
 hug mother earth closely until the 
 firing ended. The enemy, however, 
 advanced over the skirmishers in 
 superior numbers, driving theni 
 back into the Regimental ranks. 
 Griffith received a severe wound in 
 his right shoulder from the enemy's 
 fire, after which he remembered 
 nothing for a period. On reviving, 
 he found himself a prisoner, and 
 although very weak and faint from 
 the loss of blood, was sent to the rear of the Confederate army. Griffith endured 
 all the horrors of Andersonville for the following eleven months. 
 
 Private Harnet E. Meeker, of Company H, was wounded in the first day's 
 fighting in the Wilderness. He was taken prisoner, and died a few months later 
 in Andersonville prison. 
 
 The great battle of the Wilderness, commencing on the 5th and lasting 
 throughout the (ith and 7th of Alay, 1864, was a most remarkable struggle. It 
 was a contest for two days and nights on lines approximately four miles in length, 
 by the Union forces, comprising one hundred and thirty thousand troops in bat- 
 tle columns against the Confederate forces of sixty-five thousand men, also 
 lined up for battle on the defensive. The position of advances gained or lost 
 by either army as a result of the severe fighting in the Wilderness on the 5th, 6th 
 and 7th of May, carried with them no significance or military advantage. 
 
 GEN. ALEXANDER HAYS. 
 
 Death of General Alexander Hays. 
 
 The loss, in the action of the Wilderness, of General Alexander Hays, of 
 Pittsburg, who was mortally wounded while commanding a brigade of the 
 Second Corps, reached the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, while alsc 
 fighting in the same bewildering jungle near where General Hays fell. The 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 257 
 
 General being personally known to many of the One Hnndred and Fifty-fifth 
 Regiment, the news of his death for the time being cast an additional gloom over 
 the Regimental ranks. General Hays had served with the Army of the Potomac 
 from its organization and in every great battle in the Peninsnla campaign and at 
 Antietam under McClellan, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and more especially 
 rendering most distinguished services in the famous Peach Orchard at Gettys- 
 burg. This career had earned for him the highest military reputation and pro- 
 motion to a Brigadier-Generalship for gallant services in the field. General Hays 
 was a student at West Point with General Grant, and subsequently served with 
 him in the Mexican War. On visiting Pittsburg in 18G7, Lieutenant-General 
 Grant, in company with Captain David Shields, who had served as A. D. C. on 
 General Hays' stafif, visited the grave of General Hays in Allegheny Cemetery 
 and paid an affectionate tribute to the memory of his classmate. 
 
 Another distinguished officer, endeared to the Fifth Army Corps, was 
 Brigadier-General James S. Wadsworth, who was also killed in the battle of the 
 Wilderness whilst engaged with his Division in straightening out the lines. Gen- 
 eral Wadsworth's career illustrated the highest type of American patriotism. 
 He was past sixty years of age at the outbreak of the war for the Union, and 
 was also recognized at that time as the wealthiest landowner of the State of New 
 York. At Gettysburg, General Wadsworth, with his snow-white hair, was con- 
 spicuous on the first day in leading his division and later in the day in repulsing 
 the enemy's columns and in saving the important position secured by the lamented 
 General Reynolds, who fell early in the battle. 
 
 General Wadsworth's body fell into the hands of the enemy at the Wilder- 
 ness, and received the most tender care 
 and marks of respect from General Lee. 
 General Wadsworth lived long enough 
 after he fell to express to his captors the 
 patriotic sentiment, " I feel consoled that 
 at my advanced age the mortal wound 
 I have received has simply cut off but a 
 few years of the life left me for service 
 to my country." General Lee, as a trib- 
 ute of respect and esteem, sent a flag of 
 truce through the lines with an escort 
 conveying General Wadsworth's body to 
 General Grant's headquarters, where the 
 General's son, Lieutenant James S. 
 Wadsworth, Jr., who was serving on his 
 father's staff, received the body, and 
 with other officers on leave of absence, 
 escorted the remains to the home of 
 General Wadsworth, in the Genesee 
 Valley in the State of New York. 
 
 An incident occurred a few weeks 
 later in the campaign which revealed the ^^^ ^^^^^ s wadsworth. 
 
-35S 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 public spirit and foresight and great consideration of General ^^'ads\vorth for 
 his troops. It was found, when nearing Cold Harbor, that the Ouartemiaster's 
 supply of amiy shoes for the troops of tlie Fifth Corps had run out, and that 
 much time would be lost in securing fresh consignments from Washington. The 
 forced marching and the fording of many streams by Grant's troops in the cam- 
 paign was so severe on shoes that many of the soldiers were actually barefooted 
 bv the time they reached the vicinity of Cold Harbor. General \\'adsworth"s 
 Division, having suftered from a scarcity of shoes on fonner campaigns, the 
 General, anticipating the possibility of this again occurring, previous to the open- 
 ing of Grants campaign to Richmond, at his own expense, purchased and had 
 delivered to his di\-ision train in ilie Fifth Corps, a number of boxes of shoes. 
 These boxes were opened for deliverj' at Cold Harbor. Many of the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-hlth Pennsylvania Volunteers will recall the joy of George 
 P. Fulton. Regimental Quartermaster- Sergeant, on receiving for distribution the 
 Regiment's share of these shoes from the stock so considerately pro\-ided by the 
 lamented General W'adsworth. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 259 
 
 Chapter XII. 
 
 THE BATTLES OF LAUREL HILL AXU Sl'( )TTSYL\'ANIA. 
 
 Night Makch ok Union Army to Spottsyi.vania Coikt Housk. — Flank 
 MovuMKNTS Lku ]iv Siieridan'.s Cavalry. — Encounters Enemy in F'orce at 
 Alsop's Farm Late in Morning. — Severe Engagement Ensues. — General 
 Seijgwick Killed by Confederate Sharpshooter. — Generals Warren and 
 Griffin Both Active in Directing Troops to Points of Attack. — Spirited 
 Attack of Ayres' Brigade with One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Upon Con- 
 federate Lines. — Fierce Contest. — United States Regular Band Renders 
 Cheering and Inspiriting Music. — Enemy Routed by Fifth Corps. — • 
 Enemy's Strong Positions Captured and Intrenched by Union Line. — 
 Death of Captain Clapp in Battle of Alsop's Farm. — Heavy Loss of Regi- 
 ment. — Lieutenant-Colonel John Ewing in Command of Regiment. — 
 
 Casualties. 
 
 jlJE ])ositions or advances gained or lost by either army as a result 
 of the severe fighting in the Wilderness carried with them no sig- 
 nificance or military advantage. The pine woods and impenetrable 
 undergrowth so obstructing the view of the contending armies, 
 added to the scarcity of roads, made all movements confusing 
 and unsatisfactory. 
 
 On the 7th of May, General Grant determined to evacuate the useless 
 positions held by him in the Wilderness jungles, and directed General Meade 
 to make a night march of the entire army to Spottsylvania Court House, a dis- 
 tance of fifteen miles, so as to secure the advantage of the open country and also 
 of the many roads radiating from that place. Grant's plan was to secure these 
 roads before the Confederates could overtake him, and to cut of from Lee's army 
 communication and supplies and stores from the outside, and also to enable the 
 Union army to continue unmolested on its march towards Richmond. There were 
 but two or three roads from the Wilderness to Spottsylvania Court House suitable 
 for traveling or for movements of armies, and the race was soon commenced 
 by both armies for the latter place. The extensive preparations on the after- 
 noon of the 7th by General Grant's army for this change of base naturally led 
 to great discussion on the part of the rank and file as to the destination of the 
 march. Many miles of ammunition, quartermaster, commissary and headquarter 
 wagon trains, with the proverbially balky mules and the consequent lurid swear- 
 ing of their teamsters, not to mention the artillery and caissons with the accom- 
 panying noise, made the scenes of this afternoon's preparations for the all-night 
 
360 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 march most remarkable, and not soon to be forgotten. It naturally led in the 
 minds of many in the waiting columns of troops by the wayside and in the in- 
 trenchments who were not to move until the cover of the night concealed their 
 movements, to thoughts concerning the new commander. General Grant, and of 
 the significance of this night's evacuation movement by the left flank. Unbidden 
 memories arose of the many sad retreats of the gallant Army of the Potomac 
 under other commanders, when greatly outnumbering the enemy, as on the pres- 
 ent occasion. The Union army had made retreats from Fredericksburg and from 
 Chancellorsville, near the same territory now being traversed, to the north side of 
 the Rappahannock, for no other reason than that the commanders, Burnside and 
 Hooker, had demonstrated their total inability to handle so large an army. The 
 
 
 ^iiu&. i\ •.<<!. 
 
 
 l;^'!^'m!Jm 
 
 
 ON MARCH BY LEFT FLANK TO SPOTTSYLVANIA. 
 
 route of the march of the troops and trains was now in the direction of Chan- 
 cellorsville and was most suggestive of a retreat of the Union army instead of 
 a flank movement, as the marching was termed. The veterans and trained troops 
 under Grant, however, on this occasion gave way to no such misgivings or doubts 
 in their new commander. The movement of the infantry columns preceded by 
 Sheridan's cavalry by the left flank promptly disclosed that the abandonment of 
 the positions of no strategic importance in the Wilderness and which were 
 no longer worth contesting, was simply a change of base for better positions 
 and partook of none of the qualities of a retreat. The cavalry, leading the ad- 
 vance, guarded the roads on the route of the night march to keep the moving 
 columns of infantrv following advised of the position or the approach of the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 261 
 
 enemy. The movement required the trains to be set in motion by three o'clock 
 in the afternoon of the 7th. so as to clear the road for the troops. It was rightly 
 apprehended that the people of the coimtry would inform General Lee of the 
 movement and that he would surmise its object. 
 
 In accordance with the project of General Grant, the troops began to move 
 at half-past eight in the evening: General Warren advancing with the Fifth 
 Corps by the Brock road towards Spottsylvania, General Sedgwick with the Sixth 
 Corps by the Plank road to Chancellors#lle ; Burnside with the Ninth Corps 
 followed Sedgwick. Hancock with the Second Corps followed Warren as far 
 as Todd's Tavern. General Sheridan was directed to have a sufficient force on 
 the approaches from the right to keep the corps commanders advised in time of 
 the appearance of the enemy. General Meade and General Grant set out about 
 11 o'clock p. M. for Todd's Tavern, in advance of the Fifth Corps, reaching there 
 about midnight. At five o'clock in the morning General Warren informed Gen- 
 eral Meade that the head of his column had reached General Merritt's cavalry 
 headquarters at 3 :.30 a. m. : that Alerritt's troopers had already moved to clear 
 the road, and that he, General Warren, had massed his troops there as they 
 arrived, to give them a rest, for the march on a dark night by a narrow road 
 running through woods had much fatigued them : also that General Fitzhugh 
 Lee's Cavalry Division had barricaded the road by felling trees across it, and 
 had disputed every foot of the ground. 
 
 Battle of Alsop's Farm or Laurel Hill. 
 
 In the darkness of the night. General Merritt, commanding the cavalry ad- 
 vance, found it exceedingly difficult to make any progress. At six o'clock in the 
 morning. General Warren, upon an intimation from General Merritt that the 
 infantry could push the enemy faster than could his (Merritt's) cavalry, ordered 
 an advance of the Fifth Corps, General Robinson's Division now leading. In 
 reporting this, General Warren added, " It is difficult to do much with troops in 
 an expeditious manner in these dense woods." The same obstacles continued 
 until about half-past eight o'clock, when Robinson's Division emerged from 
 the woods into the open ground of Alsop's Farm, about two and a half miles 
 from the Spottsylvania Court House. Robinson advanced his Division along 
 the left fork of the Bruck road to the junction of the two roads. Lyle's Brigade 
 on the left, Dennison's on the left and Coulter's Brigade on the left rear, where 
 the line was reformed in columns of regiments, advanced along the road in open 
 ground, with a strong line of skirmishers in front. When within two or three 
 hundred yards of the woods which the road entered, suddenly a severe musketry 
 and artillery fire was opened upon Robinson's Division from an intrenchment 
 just inside of the wood. This staggered them, and in a short time they fell 
 back to the shelter of the woods in the rear, followed by the Confederates. The 
 Maryland brigade, General Dennison's, took up a position in the edge of the 
 woods and checked the further advance of the enemy, who had turned the left 
 of Lyle's Brigade, which had held on close to the enemy's intrenchments under 
 shelter of a steep crest. General Robinson was severely wounded at the first fire 
 
362 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 while leading his men. In the meantime, General Griffin placed General Bart- 
 lett's Brigade in line of battle in advance, Generals Ayres' and Sweitzer's Bri- 
 gades marching on the road. When Bartlett's Brigade got half way across the 
 open ground of Alsop's Farm, it also came under fire of the enemy's infantry 
 and artillery. By the exertions of General Griffin, who led his Division in per- 
 son, and of Generals Bartlett and Ayres, the men reformed quickly under cover 
 of Ayres' Brigade. Griffin again advanced his Division, taking the line afterward 
 held for several days. General Crawford came up with his Division of the 
 Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, driving the enemy out of the woods in his front. 
 Field's Confederate Division of Longstreet's Corps had been coming up all this " 
 time, and taking part in the fight. They began now to push through the pines 
 on Griffin's right, threatening that flank. Coulter's Brigade, which came up, 
 having had several hour's rest, the troops were in good condition. They ad- 
 vanced in fine style and drove the enemy out of the woods on Griffin's right. 
 The position now held by the Fifth Corps was intrenched. It was from two to 
 four hundred yards distant from that of the enemy. At 13:30 p.m. General 
 Warren reported to General Meade that he had pushed back the eneni}-, but had 
 not quite gained the junction of the Brock and Catharpin roads. Many of 
 Warren's men. wounded and tired, fell out of the ranks into the woods. Warren 
 also reported that his corps had encountered Fitzhugh Lee's division of cavalry 
 and two divisions of Longstreet's Corps, from both of which he had taken a 
 number of prisoners; also that Longstreet's men, thus captured, had stated that 
 they had left their trenches at the Wilderness the night before at eleven 
 o'clock. 
 
 On the afternoon of the 7th, General Lee directed General R. H. Anderson, 
 now in command of Longstreet's Corps, to move to Spottsylvania Court House, 
 and at eleven o'clock that night this Confederate corps took up the line of 
 march by the Catharpin road. It was about three miles shorter than that taken 
 by General ^^"arren's Corps. Anderson had also the additional advantage of 
 encountering no obstructions or barricades of the enemy. Along this road An- 
 derson's Division of Longstreet's Corps was slowly stretching out, endeavoring to- 
 unravel the mystery of Warren's movement. The forest fire, so fatal to the Union 
 army and so fortunate for the enemy in the Wilderness two days previous had 
 by this time spread to the woods through which Longstreet's road led. Once 
 more fortune favored the Confederates. Once started on the march, Ander- 
 son's troops could find no suitable place to bivouac, and were compelled to forge 
 ahead so rapidly or fall back beyond the fire zone. The latter course was not 
 to be thought of, and the consequence was that early in the morning of the 8th 
 they reached the vicinity of Alsop's Farm and Spottsylvania in advance of 
 Warren's troops. 
 
 The foregoing account of the battle of Laurel Hill, or Alsop's Farm, as 
 it has been termed, relates only generally to the part taken by the Fifth Corps, un- 
 der General A\'arren. JMuch of it is compiled from the official narrative of 
 General Humphreys, Chief of General ^leade's staff. It will be perceived that 
 the movements of General Grant to capture the radiating roads at Spottsylvania 
 Court House before General Lee's army could reach there was promptly check- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 363:- 
 
 mated and defeated by Lee on discovering the night march of Grant's army 
 by the left flank. This information immediately caused Lee to direct the evacu- 
 ating of all the Confederate positions in the Wilderness, and was also the cause 
 of the Confederates' forced night march over shorter roads, thereby reaching 
 Spottsylvania Court House in advance of Grant's columns. General Meade 
 ordered General Sedgwick with the Sixth Corps to move to Spottsylvania Court 
 House and there to unite with General Warren in an immediate and vigorous 
 attack upon the enemy. 
 
 Spottsylv.vnia Court House. 
 
 The arrangements for the attack of the Fifth and Si.xth Corps were not 
 completed until late in the afternoon, and were then only partial. At one o'clock 
 of the same day, by order of General Grant, General Sheridan was directed to 
 move his entire cavalry forces against the enemy's cavalry, and when his sup- 
 plies were exhausted to proceed to General Butler near City Point. 
 
 There was nothing in the site of Spottsylvania Court House that gave it 
 special military strength. Its importance was derived from its proximity to the 
 Richmond & Fredericksburg Railroad and the stage and telegraph roads between 
 those towns. Roads also radiated from it in several directions, including a good 
 wagon road to Richmond. No active operations were undertaken against the 
 enemy on the 9th, the army being allowed a much-needed rest. The skirmishers 
 and sharpshooters on both sides, however, were very active, and in the morning 
 General John Sedgwick was killed while standing close to the intrenchments at 
 the right of his Corps at the point where the forks of the road on Alsop's Farm 
 unite. He was highly esteemed, being a modest, brave, courageous, honest-hearted 
 man, much beloved by all of the troops composing the Sixth Corps. 
 
 The skirmishers of the Fifth and Sixth Corps were pushed forward so as 
 to develop the position and character of the enemy's works, and ascertain where 
 they were probably vulnerable. This work was continued by both those corps 
 on the 10th. 
 
 The part taken by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment in the battle 
 of Laurel Hill on the 8th calls for more particular mention than is given in the 
 foregoing narrative. On the all-night forced march for Spottsylvania the Regi- 
 ment, with others, experienced great fatigue and annoyance in the narrow roads, 
 halts being often made every one hundred yards or so to ford streams, or on 
 account of obstacles placed in the road by the enemy to impede the progress of 
 the Union troops. Whilst the Corps halted at three o'clock in the morning, after 
 overtaking General Merritt's cavalry, the men of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth availed themselves of the chance for an early breakfast, but were obliged 
 to take their hardtack without their usual accompaniment of warm coffee. Fires 
 were prohibited, because the divisions were expected to fall in at any moment 
 to relieve Merritt's Cavalry, which was being pressed, on the skirmish line : but 
 it was not until six o'clock that the troops were required to come into line for 
 action. As has already been described, Robinson's Division of the Fifth Corps 
 was first ordered in, and on being repulsed and reformed. General Griffin's 
 
264 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Division, under his personal supervision, was next formed and ordered to 
 advance. 
 
 General Grilfin gave directions as to the point of attack. The One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth, as already stated, was serving in General Ayres' Brigade, 
 ■of Griffin's Division of the Fifth Corps, and took part with that Brigade 
 under General Ayres, in this morning's attack upon the enemy. The Confeder- 
 ates, on their part, were well prepared for the assault, and from every point 
 of the intrenchments in the woods poured heavy volleys in return to the fire of 
 the Union troops; so that it required a second assault, conducted by General 
 Griffin, to carry the position and to drive the Confederates from the field. On 
 the renewal of the second assault by General Griffin's Division, General Ayres 
 •ordered his magnificent brigade brass band of the United States Regulars under 
 cover, with orders to render most cheerful and inspiring music as his Brigade 
 advanced against the enemy. This fine band, so often heard in camps and reviews, 
 never rendered more timely and more cheering music than it did on this exciting 
 occasion. The routing of the enemy by the Fifth Corps and the capturing of 
 their strong positions enabled the Union line to be safely held and intrenched. 
 The spade and other intrenching tools were soon brought to the front and 
 placed in the hands of the troops who had won the positions. The casualties 
 in the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment in this engagement, known as 
 ■" Laurel Hill." and also as the battle of " Alsop's Farm," were unusually severe, 
 although protected in some respects by the advantageous position chosen by 
 •General Ayres. 
 
 General Warren appeared in this action in the full regulation uniform of a 
 Major-General, which was presented to him by admiring friends in New York. 
 Receiving it on the march, the General wore it in this battle, but the remainder 
 of the campaign he, like Grant, !Meade. and other commanders, appeared in the 
 plain fatigue dress of his rank. 
 
 Stampede of P.\ck-mules. 
 
 A highly exciting incident occurred during this all-night march whilst Gen- 
 -eral Warren's Corps was in advance, preceded only b}' Sheridan's Cavalry skirm- 
 ishers, protecting the roads branching from the main route of the march. As is 
 usual in all marching columns, the divisions and brigades have, in addition to 
 their Generals and staft's mounted, also a retinue of orderlies and servants on 
 Itorseback. Immediately following the Generals and their retinues on this night 
 march were also a number of pack-mules, carrying baggage, stretchers, cooking 
 utensils, surgical instruments and other articles of necessity. The pack-mules 
 were led, and formed quite a cavalcade in the immediate rear of the head- 
 quarters procession. Whilst the infantry divisions were marching in the dark- 
 ness along the main road, they passed along on the right side of the road a mile 
 ■or more of Hancock's Corps, the main body of the troops being sound asleep 
 in their trenches, protected only by pickets. No firing on either side was taking 
 place, and everything was quiet, when suddenly the silence of the marching 
 ■column was disturbed and almost a panic occasioned by an alarming noise of 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 265- 
 
 CAPT. E. E. CLAPP. 
 
266 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 clattering hoofs, accompanied b}- shouts and yells as if the enemy's cavalry had 
 attacked the l^nion infantry column. On! on! the tumult and panic continued 
 to increase, coming apparently at a swift rate back from the head of General 
 Warren's column. It was incomprehensible to the men in the ranks and their 
 officers, as no shots were fired to indicate a hostile demonstration. Finally, after 
 an hour's interruption of the march, it was discovered that the cause of the alarm 
 was the breaking loose from their drivers of fifty or sixty pack-mules, which 
 fled to tlie rear_Ga the. flanks of the marching column and continued their journey 
 in the darkness along by the portion of the line in which the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth was marching. How much farther the stampeding mules continued 
 their wild rush is not known : but it was most fortunate that it occurred on the 
 opposite side of the road from where Hancock's veterans were enjoying their 
 much-needed sleep, for had the mules broken into their ranks, arousing them 
 suddenly, there certainly would have been firing and destruction of life under 
 
 the mistake that it was an attack of 
 
 the enemy. 
 
 C.ASU.JiLTiES. — Incidents. 
 
 SGT. THOMAS I. WOODS. 
 
 The death of Captain E. E. 
 Clapp, of Company F, who was killed 
 in this battle of Alsop's Farm, was 
 peculiarly pathetic, as on his person 
 was a twenty days' leave of absence, 
 which had been issued a few days be- 
 fore the campaign opened, and which 
 he declined to avail himself of in the 
 presence of the enemy. In the An- 
 tietam campaign Captain Clapp was 
 taken ill and nursed in a hospital in 
 the town of Frederick, where he met 
 an estimable young lady in attendance 
 on the sick. This acquaintance 
 ripened into courtship and an engage- 
 ment to marry, for which his leave 
 of absence had been procured. He 
 was buried on the battlefield and the 
 grave duly marked, but years after- 
 ward his parents visited Virginia and 
 removed his remains to the family 
 burying ground in Massachusetts. 
 
 Sergeant Thomas I. Woods, an 
 exemplary soldier of Company B, 
 and Private Wm. Douglass, of Com- 
 pany D, fell mortally wounded in 
 this engagement. Among the first to 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 267 
 
 be wounded in this action was Private Samuel \\". Hill, of Company F, who was 
 struck by a niinie ball on the skull and rendered totally imconscious. He was 
 removed to a field hospital of the corps adjacent to the battlefield. Private Hill 
 refused a furlough to the hospital in Washington, offered him by reason of his 
 wound, and in less than a week he reported on the firing line at Spottsylvania for 
 duty with his company. The ball which struck Private Hill still remains imbedded 
 in his skull, medical men all advising against any attempt to remove it. 
 
 The late Private James P. O'Neil, of Company E, so well known to all the 
 survivors of the Regiment since the war as a brilliant newspaper man of Pitts- 
 burg, had a very narrow escape from death on this day's action, the result of a 
 ball's striking his abdomen. The wound liled 
 most profusely, almost dyeing his whole zouave 
 uniform the crimson color of his body sash. His 
 wound made him hysterical. He left the ranks 
 and ran shouting to General Griffin, who was 
 close by, excitedly pointing out the location of 
 the enemy to the General and his staff. Captain 
 George M. Laughlin, commanding Company E, 
 observing his condition, detailed C)'Xeirs mess- 
 mate, Private McKenna, to conduct him to the 
 field hospital near by. 
 
 Private Patrick Lyon, of Comi)any D. also 
 received in this action a severe wound in the 
 knee, necessitating his removal to the field hos- 
 pital. Private Lyon, from the serious nature of 
 his injuries, was also entitled to a hospital fur- 
 lough home, but declined it, and soon rejoined 
 bis company for duty with the musket, although 
 continuing to suffer fmni his wound. 
 
 Sergeant Joseph Shawhan, Company L pop- 
 ularly called " Forty," also fell in this battle, 
 and was buried on the field by his comrades. 
 His remains, with the headboard on which his name was carved, were removed 
 soon after the war to the family lot. South Side Cemetery, Pittsburg. 
 
 PATRICK LYON. 
 
 The weather, for so early in May, was unusually hot and oppressive, several 
 ■cases of sun-stroke and heat exhaustion occurring to men of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth, causing many to be unable for duty. At the field hospital of the 
 Fifth Corps close to the scene of the fighting, attending from the first wounded 
 to the last of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, was Colonel A. L. Pearson, acting 
 as a volunteer nurse whilst relieved from command. Colonel Pearson, while 
 suffering very much from the apparent injustice of his treatment, remained close 
 to the Regiment, accompanying it in all its marches and skirmishes, expecting 
 daily to be restored to his command. He rendered most efficient service to the 
 sick and wounded of the Regiment, co-operating with the army surgeons in se- 
 curing for them the best attention. 
 
- 268 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 The Christian and Sanitary Commission agents through tliis campaign ap- 
 peared, and were prompt and conspicuous in the field, rendering every assistance 
 possible to the soldiers, sick or wounded, in each battle. 
 
 There also reappeared on duty at the front and in the field hospitals, at 
 this time, the faithful volunteer chaplain-at-large of the Fifth Army Corps, 
 Reverend Constantine Egan, of Washing-ton, D. C, previously mentioned as 
 
 CAPT. CHARLES C. JOHNSTON. 
 
 having visited the Regiment while it was in winter quarters at ^^'arrenton 
 Junction, and conducting Catholic service. 
 
 First-Lieutenant Charles Johnston, commanding Company A in this day's 
 battle, was mortally wounded. He was one of three brothers, whose parents were 
 early settlers in Lawrenceville. All the brothers enlisted with Captain Pearson 
 in Company A of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment. Lieutenant Ed- 
 ward P. Johnston suffered the loss of liis right arm from wounds received in 
 
Ux\DER THE AIALTESE CROSS. 
 
 269 
 
 the charge of the 18th of June, 18G4, in front of Petersburg, and James P. 
 Johnston, his youngest brother, still in his teens, after a service of two years, was 
 honorably discharged, by reason of disease contracted in the service, and died 
 from the effects thereof soon after the close of the war. 
 
 First-Sergeant Thomas Innes Woods, of Company B, was killed on May 
 Sth. The first time that Sergeant Woods was ever known to ask permission to 
 leave his post on march or in battle occurred this day, after the Regiment's all- 
 night march to reach Spottsylvania ahead of Lee. When it became evident that a 
 battle was imminent. Sergeant Woods asked Captain H. W. Grubbs for a pass 
 to go to the rear. On his declaring that he was not sick, he was advised by the 
 Captain that under the circumstances he could not be excused, and Sergeant 
 \\'oods resumed his post at the head of the Company. Shortly after, during a 
 halt by the roadside, Sergeant Woods wrote in his diary the following, addressed 
 to his friend, Sergeant James A. McMillen : " I am going to fall to-day. If you 
 find my body, I desire you to bury it and mark my grave so that if my friends 
 desire to take it home they can find it. Please read the Ninetieth Psalm at mv 
 burial." He was killed early in the battle. His body was found by Sergeant Mc- 
 Millen and others of Company B. the diary being found in his pocket. His re- 
 quest for the Ninetieth Psalm to be read at the grave was complied with. 
 
270 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 271 
 
 Chapter XIII. 
 
 SPOTTSYLVANIA.— NORTH ANNA.— BETHESDA CHURCH.— COLD 
 
 HARBOR. 
 
 Ayres' Brigade at Spottsylvania. — Fifth Corps Occupies Extreme Right 
 OF Army. — Hancock's Corps Storms " Bloody Angle." — Captures Four 
 Thousand Prisoners. — Night of May 13th Flanking Movement to Left. — 
 Severity of Engagement at Spottsylvania. — Fifth Corps Crosses North 
 Anna River at Jericho Ford. — One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and Ay^res' 
 Brigade Repulse Four Persistent Charges of Confederates. — Remarkable 
 Heroism, Tenacity, Endurance and Suffering of Union Troops. — Badly 
 Blistered Feet Caused by Scorching Roads and Wading Streams of Water. 
 — Battle of Bethesda Church. — Battle of Cold Harbor. — ^June 2d, Fifth 
 Corps Attacked by Early's Confederates. — One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 and Fifth Corps Take Position to Protect Army' While Crossing James 
 River. — Army of Potomac Crosses to South Side of James River. — 
 
 Casualties. 
 
 Hi 
 
 ■ 
 
 HAY 10, 186-1. The Regiment spent all day with Ayres' Brigade be- 
 hind breastworks which had been erected and afforded protection 
 from the enemy's firing in answer to the desultory firing which was 
 kept np by the regiments of the Brigade. About four o'clock in the 
 afternoon, Avres' Brigade was ordered to advance and drive the 
 enemy some distance back to their works, a position of skirmishing which the 
 Brigade held for some time, until relieved by other troops, when it resumed its 
 former place and position in the breastworks. 
 
 May 11, 1864, was occupied by the Regiment and Ayres' Brigade in the 
 breastworks, with little disturbance from the enemy, enabling preparations to 
 be made for an attack arranged for the next day. May 12th, on the enemy's works 
 by the entire Corps, supported by the Sixth Corps. In the evening the Ayres' 
 Brigade moved to a position on the left of the Corps. The position of the entire 
 army under Grant at this time, at Spottsylvania, was the Fifth Corps on the 
 extreme right, near the Po river; the Sixth Corps adjoining the Fifth on the 
 left, under General Wright. The Second Corps, under General Hancock, con- 
 tinued the line, to the left, occupying the front of the salient of Lee's intrench- 
 ments. The Ninth Corps, under General Burnside. held the extreme left, near 
 Spottsylvania Court House. 
 
273 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
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 H 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 373 
 
 The Bloody Angle. 
 
 Although the losses of all these corps had been verj- heavy, their depleted 
 ranks were promptly filled up by reinforcements from Washington, fresh divis- 
 ions and brigades and regiments appearing promptly and ready for action. The 
 battle of Spottsylvania was opened promptly at daylight of the 12th. Hancock's 
 Corps stormed the angle, since famous as the " Bloody Angle," because of the 
 desperate character of the fighting and heavy losses to both armies. Hancock's 
 troops, however, were successful, and captured four thousand prisoners, many 
 guns and two officers, Major-General Edward Johnson and Brigadier-General 
 George E. Stewart, who were commanding the defenses of Lee's army at that 
 time. The news of this victory spread like wild-fire in the other Federal columns 
 and lines of battle. The Fifth Corps, later in the day, had to fight hard to hold 
 the Confederate works, which had been captured by Hancock, the enemy making 
 repeated and desperate assaults to recover the captured works. The One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth Regiment of Ayres' Brigade occupied part of the captured 
 works. The losses on both sides were very heavy because of the closeness of 
 the infantry and artillery firing. The troops under Warren in this vicinity 
 were required to change positions so often because of the changes in the enemy's 
 movements as to make it very difficult in the new country to distinguish the 
 points of the compass. 
 
 From the 13th to the ISth following, the four corps of Grant's army, occu- 
 pying their own works and the works captured from the enemy at Spottsyl- 
 vania, were never out of range of the enemy's artillery. The Confederates 
 would not leave their works to attempt to dislodge the Union troops where 
 intrenched. The positions of both armies were very strong, the fortifications 
 being practically impregnable, and Grant and Lee were undoubtedly playing a 
 game of chess with their armies in the matter of the movement of troops. 
 
 During the occasional lulls of these days" battles, Brady's photographic 
 wagon and outfit from Washington appeared in the reserved bivouac of the Fifth 
 Corps. One day General Warren and his entire staff, while under a desultory 
 fire from the front, were exposed to a different fire from the rear by the snap- 
 shot of the large camera of the army photographer, which successfully executed 
 the General and his staff' in a large picture. General Warren's staff was com- 
 posed of a brilliant and capable set of young officers. Captain Robert Warren, 
 Colonel Fred T. Locke, Assistant Adjutant-General, who had served in that ca- 
 pacity since the organization of the Fifth Corps, attaining rank as Brevet Briga- 
 dier-General for meritorious conduct at Five Forks and Appomattox. The 
 engineers on Warren's staff when he assumed command of the Fifth Corps were 
 Captain Washington A. Roebling, wlio subsequently earned distinction as the en- 
 gineer constructing the great Brooklyn Suspension Bridge : Captain E. B. Cope, 
 U. S. A., who, with Captain Roebling, was with Warren on Little Roinid Top ; 
 and Captain Paine, LT. S. A. Captain James W. Wadsworth, son of General 
 James S. Wadsworth, killed in the Wilderness, and Captain George B. Hal- 
 stead, and Captain A. S. JMarvin were Assistant Adjutant-Generals, and A. D. C. 
 on the staff. Captain ^^'illianl T. Gentry, U. S. A., was commissary muster 
 
274 
 
 UNDER THE IMALTESE CROSS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. ~ 275 
 
 officer. Colonel H. C.Bankhead, U. S. A., was Inspector-General of the Corps. 
 Colonel David L. Smith, of Pittsburg, was the efficient Commissary-General of the 
 Fifth Corps, and an A. D. C. on the Corps staff. Captain Thomas was the Corps 
 Quartermaster. 
 
 More Flaxk Movements. 
 
 During the night of May 13th, the army moved to the left, marching 
 through mud and rain, and crossing the Nye river. It was so dark that the 
 enemy could not see the movement, and the Union troops could see but a few 
 feet ahead. Mounted men were placed at intervals along the road by General 
 Warren's orders to prevent regiments from losing their way. General Grant had 
 discovered, from his experience in the Wilderness, that it was useless to fight 
 Lee behind intrenchments and fortifications for the mere positions gained, the 
 mihtary advantages of mere positions not justifying renewals of further assaults 
 and loss of life. The unanimous opinion of both armies at Spottsylvania Court 
 House was that either of the armies behind intrenchments was unassailable, and 
 that a front attack by either army was a foregone failure. They had acquired 
 the art of rapidly constructing impregnable earthworks, all approaches being 
 covered with abattis and slashed timber. The men of both these armies had re- 
 fused to be driven from their positions, and died where they stood. At Spottsyl- 
 vania they had fought for twenty-four hours with only a line of felled trees and 
 a line of earth six feet thick between them, in a continuous rain, every thread of 
 clothing drenched and soaked, water over their shoe-tops, no food but rain- 
 soaked crackers. As showing the severity of the fighting, oak trees eighteen 
 inches thick could be seen cut down by the constant patter of minie balls. At the 
 end of twenty-four hours fighting at Spottsylvania, when the exhausted Con- 
 federates were withdrawn, it was only to disclose the presence of another line of 
 strong breastworks, constructed by the enemy, one hundred yards in the rear 
 of their first line. 
 
 General Grant evidently believed that if one of the large corps of the Union 
 army was detached and exposed to a march of twenty miles in a southeasterly 
 direction. General Lee would be tempted to leave his works and attack the ex- 
 posed corps, and that while the Confederates were thus moving for the attack, 
 he (Grant) could fall upon them with his main body and bring on a general 
 engagement before they could again intrench. Accordingly General Hancock's 
 Second Corps moved on the night of May "'Oth and reached Guinea Station 
 the next morning. General Lee declined to attack the exposed Second Corps, 
 but on the contrary moved rapidly south of the North Anna river to Hanover 
 Junction, where he arrived May ?'2d, interposing his army between Grant and 
 Richmond. 
 
 Fording the Xortm Anna. 
 
 Grant's entire army was in motion at 5 a. m., May 23d, the Second Corps, 
 the most eastward, moving to Chesterfield Ford, on the North Anna river, the 
 Fifth Corps to Jericho Ford, and the Ninth Corps to a crossing between the 
 Second and the Fifth Corps. The scenery along the route of the army's move- 
 
S76 UNDER THE ^lALTESE CROSS. 
 
 meiit was most beautiful, being an open country abounding in tine fertile farms, 
 and every appearance of comfort and prci?])erity of the inhabitants, as com- 
 pared with the portions of \'irginia previously occupied in the campaigns of the 
 Army of the Potomac. Ayres' First Brigade of Griffin's Division waded the 
 North Anna stream at Jericho jNIills Ford, time not permitting the troops to 
 wait for the pontoon bridges which were soon to follow. General Ayres' Brigade 
 advanced the line fm^ther from the crossing as each Brigade of the Corps following 
 got over. A strong skirmish line from Ayres' Brigade was posted ahead, driving 
 the Confederate outposts in advance of them. The fording of these streams by 
 so many men. in water so cold, and often in places so deep, was attended with 
 great difficulty to the troops, but the urgency of the race for positions left no 
 alternative, it being generally known that Breckenridge's and A. P. Hill's 
 Confederate forces were in position at another portion of the stream where there 
 was a ford, in anticipation that that would be the place where the Union troops 
 would cross, instead of Jericho JMills. \Vhilst the Fifth Corps was crossing. 
 Ayres' Brigade was in two lines in the edge of the timber. In front of the line 
 formed by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and other regiments of the Brigade 
 was the skirmish line of the Fourteenth Regiment of United States Infantry, 
 less than thirty feet in advance. After the divisions of the corps had all crossed 
 the stream and secured positions without opposition being developed, muskets 
 were stacked and blanket-rolls huns; on them. 
 
 REPHATi-;n Attacks hy the Exe.mv. 
 
 Towards sunset, after the men had their suppers cooked, and were engaged 
 in eating, and non-combatants were peacefully bivouacked in the midst of the 
 troops, not expecting battle, about 6 p. M.. the yells of the enemy were heard, as 
 they crossed the fields in front, their advance being preceded by the flight of 
 hogs and cattle, sheep and fowl, from the farms, in and through the lines of the 
 Brigade pickets. The familiar " rebel yell " was recognized, and instantly the 
 .stacked arms were seized and the men of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and 
 all along the line, dropped to their knees and were ready. The first line of 
 skirmishers fired steadily during the first and second attacks of the enemy. 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and Ayres' entire Brigade then advanced over 
 the line of pickets, and repulsed three more very persistent charges of the Con- 
 federates, the last severe charge occurring after dark, although during the entire 
 night frequent renewals and attempts were made at very short intervals to drive 
 Ayres' men from their position, which was being strengthened every moment by 
 the erection of earthworks. During the night frequently both pickets and 
 skirmishers were driven in, and the men behind the works engaged in strength- 
 ening the same, dropped their tools and opened fire, checking the enemy's further 
 advance. The attack was a total surprise. General Ayres, who led the advance, 
 and who rallied the first troops that crossed around the Corps flag, was most 
 active in directing the firing during the engagement. 
 
 At the time of the first attacks and charges by the enemy, there being no 
 intrenchments, the loading and firing of the troops of Ayres' Brigade was all 
 
L'XDER THE -MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 done while kneeling. After the repulse of the eneni)-, 
 the engineers' tools, the spade, shovel, a.x and pick 
 were brought up and put to work, and as stated, were 
 frequently exchanged during the night for the musket 
 to repel the fierce assaults upon the pickets and 
 skirmishers. 
 
 Among the killed in the first attack by the enemy 
 in this action were Privates William S. Hindman, of 
 Company E, and Theodore Baldwin, of Company F. 
 two of the youngest and most popular members of the 
 Regiment, and no deaths produced greater sorrow to 
 their comrades. 
 
 On the morning of the "i.'Jth of ^lay. it was dis- 
 covered that the enem}- had withdrawn from the battle- 
 field of North Anna, leaving a large number of killed 
 and wounded on the field. The One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Regiment alone, in going over the field 
 in front of their position, gathered up a wagon load of 
 Confederate arms, with the ba_yonets still fixed, which 
 had been left by the enemy on the field. Generals 
 Meade and ^^'arren both, in orders, publicly congrat- 
 ulated General Griftin, the Division commander, and 
 General Ayres, commanding the advance Brigade, for the gallant style in which 
 their commands repulsed the repeated attacks of the eneni\-. 
 
 Tuesday evening, Alay 2G, 1864. the Fifth Corps was again cm the move, 
 Ayres' Brigade leading the advance along the line of the A'irginia Central Rail- 
 road. Details of troops were made up to tear up and destrov the track, which 
 occupied all the day. Ties were piled up and set on fire, and the rails were laid 
 across the piles of burning ties and heated. Squads of men then seized the rails 
 at each end, and bent them into all sorts of shapes. The railroad bridges and 
 much stock were also destroyed. But little time was given the troops for rest, 
 and the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, under command of Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Ewing, was among the busiest troops engaged this day. 
 
 WILLIAM S. HINDMAN. 
 
 On Wednesday morning. May 27, 18(U, whilst operating along the railroad 
 mentioned, and advancing towards Hanover Junction and the Pamunkey river, 
 Company E, of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, \vith three companies 
 of the Ninety-first Pennsylvania and the One Hundred and Fortieth and the 
 One Hundred and Forty-sixth New York, were detailed as advanced skirmishers. 
 They were deployed in an open field, really serving as vidette posts, being pro- 
 tected only by hastily gathered railroad ties, behind which the skirmishers lay and 
 hid their bodies from the unusually accurate range of the enemy's sharpshooters, 
 many of whom were posted on trees in the adjoining woods. The minie balls that 
 raised the dust along this exposed skirmish line were very numerous, and con- 
 tinued until night set in, when Company E was relieved fmm the skirmish line. 
 
278 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 THEODORE BALDWIN. 
 
UNDER THE -MALTESE CROSS. 279 
 
 Coolness of General Griffin Under Fire. 
 
 An episode which ehcited the admiration of the men on the skirmish line 
 was the cahnness and coohiess displayed by General Griffin, the Division com- 
 mander, while in a very dangerous position. As the General visited the vicinity 
 ■of the exposed skirmish line of Company E, commanded by Captain George M. 
 Laughlin, he approached the advanced position through heavily wooded timber 
 where his division was concealed, walking along the public road towards the 
 front, and making no effort to conceal his presence from the enemy. The Gen- 
 eral, apparently unconscious of the danger, exposed himself to plain view of the 
 enemy, as he approached the outposts of the skirmish line, in order to take ob- 
 servations of the enemy's position. He was warned by Corporal John M. Lan- 
 caster, of Company E, who was on duty closest to General Griffin's position, to 
 ^et under cover, as the enemy's sharpshooters, concealed in the trees and other 
 places, had full range of the position. The General, without the slightest exhi- 
 bition of concern, continued his advance in the middle of the road; when the 
 minie balls, raising the dust close around him, caused him to heed the advice of 
 the Corporal. As General Griffin turned to leave the road for the cover of the 
 woods, a minie ball struck the heel of his boot, on which the General turned 
 towards the enemy, and said loud enough for the men on his own skirmish line 
 to hear. " Johnny, your aim was bad ; you shot a little too low this time " ; and 
 then disappeared in the woods. In less than ten minutes after, Genera! Griffin 
 dispatched the Maryland Brigade of three regiments to take position in the 
 field occupied by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth skirmishers, to drive the 
 ■enemy's pickets and skirmishers back from the position they occupied. This the 
 Maryland Brigade did in gallant style, but not without heavy loss. 
 
 The ground gained on the railroad, and property destroyed and track torn 
 lip by Grant's army this day, while keeping the troops unusually busy, was quite 
 satisfactory, and General Grant, evidently not desiring to have a battle on the 
 railroad thus destroyed, issued orders to move on to the Pamunkey river. This 
 led to the evacuation of the Union breastworks just completed for defensive 
 purposes, as was done at Spottsylvania. 
 
 Changes in Campaign Methods. 
 
 And here it is proper to recognize a condition that began in front of 
 Spottsylvania Court House and continued until the end of the war. 
 
 In all engagements previous to Spottsylvania, the regiments were main- 
 tained as units, each regiment usually having its front covered by a detail of 
 skirmishers from its own ranks, and somewhat under the observations of the 
 Regimental commanders. But in the strenuous fighting in the Wilderness and 
 the first two days at Spottsylvania the limit of human endurance was reached. 
 Commanders of brigades, regiments and companies could not personally super- 
 vise every detail of the moving, fighting and care of their commands, every hour 
 of the twenty-four hours of the day. No less could the rank and file stand up 
 without sleep, food or rest. They had to be relieved from the firing line for sus- 
 
280 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 
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UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 381 
 
 tenance, washing of face and hands, even though with a small amount of water 
 poured from a comrade's canteen, issue and cooking of rations, replenishing of 
 ammunition and cleaning of guns. 
 
 During the battle of Spottsylvania Court House, the entire line of the Fifth 
 Corps was held in close contact with the enemy's line at from two hundred to 
 four hundred yards distant, with the intention of assaulting, if the enemy 
 weakened his line in front by withdrawing troops to re-enforce other parts of 
 the line in resisting the attacks of the Sixth, Second and Ninth Corps. The 
 fighting on the skirmish line was constant and severe with many attacks on either 
 side to test the resistance of the line in their front. 
 
 To furnish this firing line, details were made from each Regiment for 
 twenty-four hours duty, sometimes the right or the left wing (five companies) 
 with a complement of one or two field and compan}- officers ; sometimes one 
 or two or three companies, sometimes heavy details from all of the companies, the 
 remainder of the command occupying the intrenchments. ready to support the 
 firing line in either defence or attack. 
 
 And so it came that in the fierce continuous fighting at Spottsylvania, the 
 distinguishing services of any regiment or brigade or its commander disappears 
 and is merged in that of the corps. But in this development of the subordinate 
 officers and their detachments, came so many instances of personal gallantry that 
 the pen fails to record and a record of the same would be wearisome to the 
 reader. It produced in the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment a long list 
 of magnificent, unsurpassed outpost officers, captains, lieutenants, sergeants, cor- 
 porals and privates, equal to any emergency. 
 
 No night was too dark, no thicket too dense, no swamp too treacherous to 
 establish a line of active skirmishers. In open ground and daylight a squad of 
 four men, each with a couple of rails on his shoulder and musket in hand, made 
 a rush to the ground selected in advance. On arriving on the ground selected, 
 the four of each squad then combined their rails and dropped behind them, one 
 firing and three digging. By this means, they intrenched in a few minutes the 
 places thus selected with marvelous swiftness and skill, in close contact with the 
 enemy. Did the position occupied by the enemy's skirmishers suit better, they 
 were by the Union skirmishers boldly charged upon, their line penetrated and 
 taken in reverse, prisoners sent to the rear and the pits made to face the other 
 way. Reprisals were frequent on both sides, the fighting fierce and deadly — 
 sharpshocting constant and skilful. The heroism, tenacity, endurance and suf- 
 fering cannot be told. A man or regiment in a historical battle for an hour or 
 fraction thereof can say he was in such a battle. What can be said for the de- 
 tachments engaged in continuous, hourly battle for the many weary miles from 
 Spottsylvania to the James river? The operations in advancing on Cold Harbor 
 partook very much of the foregoing character. 
 
 On May the '?7th and the ".'."^th. the Regiment marched twenty miles, and 
 
 halted at night ver}' weary and fatigued, suffering much from heat and thirst. 
 
 On the 28th of i\Iav. after reaching Hanoverton, the Regiment crossed the 
 
282 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Tolopotomy river, and again began putting up as usual works for defense of 
 position. 
 
 Early in the morning, May 29th, the left of the Ninth Corps connected with 
 the right of the Fifth Corps, the Sixth Corps on the right of the Ninth Corps, and 
 the Second Corps on the extreme right, and the whole line thrown forward in 
 front of Hawes" Store. 
 
 May 30th, the Fifth Corps continued the advance of Griffin's Division to- 
 wards Shady Grove Church, capturing two lines of earthworks. 
 
 At the close of the day, the Fifth and Ninth Corps had been placed south 
 of the Tolopotomy creek line held by General Lee. and on the right flank of Lee 
 with the Second Corps passing the enemy's line along Tolopotomy creek from 
 Atlee Station southeastwardly to vicinity of Cold Harbor. 
 
 As fast as ground was gained from the enemy the new position was in- 
 trenched, and usually a counter attack had to be repulsed. Occasionally several 
 attack had to be repulsed in c|uick succession. 
 
 More Flanking Movements. — Much Suffering. 
 
 After very severe marching May 27th, and renewed on the 3Sth of May^ 
 1864, the Fifth Corps reached and crossed the Pamunkey river about noon,. 
 where, on the south side of the stream, Ayres' Brigade and the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth were halted, and instead of resting, intrenching tools were dis- 
 tributed among the already much fatigued men and the work of chopping down 
 trees and building earthworks to defend the position of the Corps was imme- 
 diately commenced. At this point in the campaign, from the protracted and 
 continuous marches and fighting, there was much suffering among the troops. 
 Hundreds of private soldiers could be seen the previous two or three days 
 wending their way over the scorching, sandy roads with sorely blistered bare 
 feet, unable to wear shoes, caused by wading the streams and marching over 
 the sand and stones, and the bruises incident to the severe campaign. But little 
 relief could be afforded the suffering on these marches which were necessairy and 
 unavoidable. The men. though suffering, bore the hardships and fatigue with but 
 little murmuring or complaining. The halt on this day and the construction of 
 earthworks was near Hanoverton. The base of supplies for the army was trans- 
 ferred, on reaching Hanoverton. to White House Landing on the Peninsula, as 
 the latter place attorded a water base for supplies, which was a great advantage,, 
 affording easier freight deliveries than by long-distance hauling from the Orange 
 & Alexandria Railroad from ^^'ashington and the supply trains from Fredericks- 
 burg following the marching army. 
 
 Early on the morning of the 29th, the Ninth Corps moved into the interval 
 between the Sixth and the Fifth Corps, and then the whole line was thrown 
 forward in front of the Hawes" store. In this position the Regiment remained on 
 the 29th. Generals Early, Breckenridge and Anderson, with their troops in line 
 behind the Confederate breastworks, awaited attack. On the morning of the 
 30th of May, 1864, General Griffin's Division was ordered by General Warren 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 383 
 
 to drive the Confederate skirmishers of General Rodes' Division from the Union 
 front. The enemy, however, made a determined resistance, and prolonged their 
 line of defense, on which Crawford's Division of the Fifth Corps was brought 
 lip, and with the assistance of Richardson's Battery, drove the enemy back. 
 General Griffin, at this point, ordered General J. Bowman Sweitzer's Brigade 
 to advance against the enemy, with the Twenty-second JNIassachusetts deployed 
 as skirmishers, and the Fourth Michigan supporting them. These troops ad- 
 vanced, and quite brisk fighting took place, ending in the repulse of the 
 Confederates. The Sixty-second Pennsylvania lost heavily in this action. 
 
 General Humphreys, in his " Mrginia Campaigns," says of the situation on 
 Mav the .Tlst, " The Infantry Corps were pressed up against the enemy as close 
 as practicable without assaulting, but the position was so strong, naturally, and 
 so well intrenched and the intrenchments so strongly held that an assault was not 
 attempted. The skirmish lines, however, were kept up against the enemy and an 
 attack threatened." 
 
 Tune 3, 186-1:. Griffin's Division was massed this day at Bethesda Church, 
 where General " Baldy " Smith's newly-arrived Eighteenth Army Corps occu- 
 pied the right. In the afternoon of the '3d of June, 1864, General Lee undertook 
 to depart from his defensive policy, and assumed the offensive. He ordered 
 General Early to attack the right flank of the Union army. General Bartlett's 
 Brigade of the Fifth Corps held the extreme right and on the right of this 
 brigade were skirmishers of the .Xinth Corps. Desultory firing by both 
 armies was kept up all day until late in the afternoon, when the Confederates 
 advanced on the flank of Burnside's and Bartlett's skirmishers. General Rodes, 
 commanding the Confederate's advance, having cleared off everything that inter- 
 posed, made a desperate charge along the whole line, which was met by Griffin's 
 Division, which, in time, had discovered Early's movement. General Griffin 
 formed Ayres' Brigade in line on the left, Bartlett in the center and Sweitzer on 
 the right, and moved forward under musketry and artillery fire to the attack. They 
 had the enemy in the open now and were ready to test their strength where 
 everything seemed equal. These three brigades threw themselves upon Rodes 
 and forced him back to his defenses, both sides incurring heavy losses. 
 
 Treasure Trove. 
 
 During the lulls in the firing on the 2d of June, 186-1:, while the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth was occupying its breastworks, some enterprising comrades 
 of Companv F, in investigating a spot of newly-disturbed earth, quite unex- 
 pectedlv discovered hidden treasure of value. The breastworks extended through 
 an orchard and typical farm of a Virginia planter at Bethesda Church, along the 
 Mechanicsville road, about ten miles from Richmond. This treasure, consisting 
 of silverware and silver coin, with much Confederate paper money secreted in 
 pitchers and cans, had been buried no doubt by the fugitive occupants of the 
 farm, to conceal it from the Union troops advancing on Richmond. Privates 
 Alexander Stevenson and James J. Carroll, of Company F, although at the time 
 hourlv interrupted by the firing of the Confederates and the driving in of the 
 
284 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Union skirmishers, were tlie lucky discoverers of this 
 treasure-trove. The " find " amounted to several hun- 
 dred dollars in good gold and silver coin of Uncle 
 Sam's minting, considerable silverware, also thousands 
 of dollars in Confederate notes, payable only " one year 
 after the recognition of the Independence of the South- 
 ern Confederacy," v\'hich Stevenson and Carroll and 
 other companions, and, indeed, the whole of the 
 Union army tinder Meade and Grant were then doing 
 their very best to prevent. This discovery produced 
 quite a sensation in the ranks. 
 
 In the active campaigning then engaging the at- 
 tention of the officers of the army, no inquiry was 
 ever instituted to have these lucky soldiers disgorge 
 the money and valuables thus found by them and ap- 
 propriated to their own use. 
 
 A few hours later. Sergeant Lancaster and Pri- 
 vates McKenna, Hipsley and Douglass, of Company 
 E, under the fire of the enemy on the advanced skir- 
 mish line, rescued and carried in from the front the 
 body of Private Theophilus S. Callen. of the same 
 company, who had been killed on vidette outpost just 
 before daylight that morning. \\'hilst engaged in burying their fallen comrade at 
 the foot of a peach tree just inside the breastworks, the burial party unearthed 
 buried treasure, consisting of silverware, cutlery and Confederate paper money, 
 but no gold or silver coins. 
 
 Many were wounded in broad daylight on this day from the frequent as- 
 saults of the enemy's skirmishers. Two worthy privates of Company E, Daniel 
 Horner and John Horner, brothers, received mortal wounds, and Private \\'illiam 
 Evans received a double wound, one in the face, shattering his jaw, and the 
 other in the arm and wrist. 
 
 THEOPHILUS S. CALLEN. 
 
 Cold H.\rbor Assaults. 
 General ( irant had intended to make a general 
 assault on Cold Harbor on the 2d, but it was postponed 
 until the next day at 4 : .30 p. m., on the 3d. Three 
 corps, commanded by Hancock, Wright and Smith, re- 
 spectively, assaulted the Confederates works. The 
 ground over which these corps moved was very much 
 exposed, and in the charge the troops were subjected 
 to a cross-fire which occasioned severe loss. In the 
 meantime Burnside's Ninth Corps, assisted by part of 
 the Fifth Corps also created a diversion, by attacking 
 the enem}'s line near Bethesda Church, carrying the 
 advanced line. The enemy again attempted to retake 
 this position in the afternoon, but their attack was re- 
 
 WILLIAM EVANS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 285 
 
 pulsed with considerable loss. General Ayres' Brigade and the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth took part in this attack and repulse of the enemy. Immediately after 
 the assault on the 3d of June at Cold Harbor, General Grant visited all the corps 
 commanders, and, after interviews, decided to abandon offensive operations at 
 that point. General Grant states, in his Memoirs, '" I have always regretted that 
 the last assault at Cold Harbor was ever made. No advantage whatever was 
 gained to compensate for the heavy loss sustained," General Humphreys, the 
 Chief-of-Staff of the Army of the Potomac, and who, as Chief of Topographical 
 Engineers in the Peninsula campaign under McClellan, had become thoroughly 
 familiar with the strength of the Confederate defenses, protested to General 
 Grant against making the charge and assaults upon the works at Cold Harbor, 
 declaring, in his opinion, the same to be impregnable. 
 
 From the disaster at Cold Harbor the army rested in the breastworks in the 
 various positions occupied by the corps, with occasional skimiishing and changes 
 
 
 
 
 SKIRMISHING— BETHESDA CHURCH. 
 
 of unimportant positions, until June 12, 1864. Both armies were then in condi- 
 tion for a cessation of hostilities from the unprecedented severity of the cam- 
 paign, and daily engagements and skirmishes occurring since May 5th, in the 
 Wilderness. 
 
 General Grant had visited, as already stated, all the corps commanders at 
 Cold Harbor, after the assault of the 3d, and had ordered General Hancock's 
 column, after the first repulse of that desperate assault, to reform his line to 
 renew the assault on the Confederate works, but that corps had lost so many 
 Generals and field officers of high rank in addition to the very heavy losses of 
 enlisted men, that Hancock reported to General Grant that his decimated corps 
 and ranks could not be made to renew the assault. 
 
 A flag of truce was soon afterwards sent to General Lee by General Grant 
 for the burial of the Union dead in front of the Confederate positions. As a 
 
286 UNDER THE ^lALTESE CROSS. 
 
 result of the interviews with his corps coninianders. General Grant thereupon 
 decided to abandon all offensive operations at that point. The Fifth and the 
 Ninth Corps, with \\"ilson's Cavalry, covered the right of the Army of the Po- 
 tomac, during the 2d and 3d of June, from the vicinity of Bethesda Church to 
 the Pamunkey river, the main body of the Confederate cavalry being on Lee's 
 left, with Fitz Hugh Lee's Division on his right. On the afternoon of the 'M, 
 General Lee, having been re-in forced, determined to take the offensive, and with 
 Early's Division, attacked in force the Union right, and being re-inforced by 
 Rodes' Division, the latter troops succeeded in getting into the rear of the Fifth 
 Corps skirmish line. While Generals ^^'a^ren and Burnside were thus engaged on 
 the right of the line, repelling this assault. Generals .Smith and Wright, with their 
 Corps, made an attack on the Confederate position at Cold Harbor, which was par- 
 ticularly successful, General Smith capturing upwards of eight hundred prisoners 
 and the first line of the enemy's works. The occupation on the right of the 
 position held by the Fifth and the Ninth Corps engaged in heavy skirmishing 
 on the 3d, prevented those two corps from participating in the intended general 
 assault at Cold Harbor on the Confederate position. However, to create a diver- 
 sion, the Ninth Corps, assisted by portions of the Fifth Corps, attacked and 
 carried an advance line of the enemy at Bethesda Church, which in the after- 
 noon the enemy, by a counter-attack, attempted to re-take, but were repulsed 
 with considerable loss. These two corps, the Ninth and Fifth, while thus en- 
 gaged, were serving the purpose on the 3d of preventing large portions of the 
 Confederate forces from re-in forcing General Lee's defenses and assisting in 
 the repulse of Hancock, Wright and Smith, in their unsuccessful assault, which 
 was attended with such heavy loss of life of officers and men. 
 
 In all these movements and attacks by Warren's troops, the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth was an active participant, as shown by the casualty returns. 
 
 On June 7th. while the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was resting in the 
 breastworks, George P. Fulton, Regimental Quartermaster-Sergeant, received, on 
 requisition, a full supply of shoes for the Regiment, being a portion of the shoes 
 provided for the Fifth Corps l)y the lamented General James S. Wadsworth at 
 his own expense, previous to the beginning of the Wilderness campaign, in an- 
 ticipation of their probable need at this time. So many of the Regiment being 
 barefooted at this time, this foresight of General \\"adsworth was greatly 
 appreciated. 
 
 A Retrospect of the OvERr,.\ND C.\mpaign. 
 
 Up to the crossing of the James River by the Army of the Potomac about 
 forty days had elapsed since the beginning of the campaign, and never before 
 in the history of the world had such continuous bloody fighting taken place 
 in any war. During that entire period, day and night, some part of the army was 
 engaged in battle. 
 
 Frequently a single regiment on the skirmish line or on picket duty, being 
 suddenly attacked, would hold its ground against the enemy until overpowered 
 and cut to pieces. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 387 
 
 The troops were continuously within hearing of cannonading from some 
 portion of the fighting zone, and they became so accustomed to the sounds that, 
 like the ticking of a clock, they ceased to notice them. 
 
 On one occasion during this overland campaign to Richmond, the Fifth 
 •Corps, in the vicinity of Bethesda Church and Cold Flarbor, had, quite unex- 
 pectedly to the Confederates, captured a position so favorable to military opera- 
 tions that it was almost a certainty that a desperate attempt would be made by the 
 enemy to recover it. Quickly forming in line of battle, the Union troops, with 
 quickened pulses, awaited the enemy's onslaught. The line of battle thus formed 
 extended across a ravine or water-course several hundred yards wide, covered 
 by low-standing timber and underbrush that hid the troops occupying it from the 
 view of the other parts of the line, and also concealed their position and strength 
 from the enemy. 
 
 The expected attack was not long delayed, but instead of assaulting along 
 the entire line of the Fifth Corps the Confederates, from some cause — perhaps 
 in the belief that it was the weakest part of the line — concentrated their efforts in 
 fierce and persistent attacks against the part of the line occupying the ravine. 
 
 The brave Michigan troops composing part of the brigade in the ravine, 
 bracing themselves against the storm of lead and hail and bursting shells hurled 
 against them, repulsed in turn the repeated attacks. The right and left wings 
 of the Union line on the higher ground on each side of the ravine, stood at 
 parade-rest in an expectant attitude, listening with breathless interest to the 
 tumult of hell going on in the ravine, and giving but passing attention to the 
 shells that went screeching over their heads from a distant Confederate battery. 
 
 The suspense endured by the boys of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth while 
 thus w-aiting to be attacked amid the commotion was worse than the actual 
 furor of battle. 
 
 The rapid and furious fighting in the ravine, charging and counter-charging, 
 after a time resulted in a scarcity of cartridges, and soon came the cry from the 
 heroic Michiganders for ammunition. To supply this want an ammunition 
 wagon drawn by six mules was rapidly driven to the front, the drivers lashing 
 and urging their animals to their utmost speed. The team went rushing through 
 the parted ranks of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth to the front, and wheeled 
 around, leaving the rear of the wagon towards the front. Immediately two sol- 
 diers ran to the rear of the wagon, one on each side, to let down the endgate, 
 while another mounted the wagon to push the boxes of ammunition to the ex- 
 pectant soldiers. While engaged in this work a cannon shot with a demoniac 
 screech passed between the soldiers at the endgate, struck the tar bucket hanging 
 to the axle of the wagon, bespattering the soldiers with tar, passed under the 
 wagon, out along the wagon tongue between the mules, and ricocheted over the 
 heads of the Regiment, injuring neither man nor beast. 
 
 While it is quite natural to suppose that the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 boys were glad enough not to be down in the vortex of death and destruction 
 going on so close to their position, yet such was the patriotism and the sympa- 
 thetic emotion excited within the breasts of many that had there been no re- 
 straint thev would have rushed to the assistance of their comrades in the midst 
 
288 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 of the battle. Indeed, as it was, a young corporal of Company F, Samuel W. 
 Hill, seized a box of ammunition and lugged it down the slope through the 
 bushes into the midst of the zipping minie balls and hurtling fragments of burst- 
 ing shells till compelled by exhaustion to relinquish his burden to stronger but 
 not more willine hands. 
 
 Successful Str.xtegic (Jperatioxs. 
 
 On the 9th of June, 1864, General ]\Ieade directed Major Dunn, Chief En- 
 gineer of the Army of the Potomac, to select and intrench a line in the rear 
 of the position at Cold Harbor, to be held while the army was withdrawing and 
 moving to the south of the James river. The intrenchments so ordered were im- 
 mediately constructed, and were finished on the morning of the 11th of June. 
 On the 10th, General Warren's Corps was directed to move, and advance to a 
 position, keeping entirely out of the observation of the enemy, which the Corps 
 did successfully. General Warren, being advised confidentially of the part his 
 corps would take in the march to the James, was directed to move as soon as it 
 was dark on the evening of the l"?th. General B. F. Butler, on the 9th of June, 
 sent General Gilmore and General Kautz from City Point with the cavalry of the 
 Army of the James on an expedition against Petersburg, to capture the city and 
 also to destroy the railroad bridge across the Appomattox. The expedition con- 
 sisted of four thousand infantry and fifteen hundred cavalry. General Gilmore 
 says the pontoon bridge over the Appomattox river was not muffled as was prom- 
 ised it should be, and that the crossing of Kautz Cavalry could be heard for 
 miles, and no doubt put the enemy on his guard. These movements under Gen- 
 erals Gilmore and Kautz were wholly unsuccessful. General Beauregard, com- 
 manding the forts and intrenchments of Confederates at Petersburg telegraphed 
 to Richmond that, having sent all his troops to re-inforce General Lee, he would 
 be obliged to abandon the lines at Bermuda Hundred or those of Petersburg, 
 unless his own troops with others to man the fortifications of Petersburg were 
 at once sent to him by General Lee. 
 
 Grant's Army Crosses the James River. 
 
 The quietness and secrecy with which the orders of Grant and Meade for 
 the crossing of the James River and change of base of the Army of the Potomac 
 were carried out by Generals Warren, Hancock and Humphreys, Chief-of-Staff, 
 exhibited the highest order of military skill on the part of those commanders. 
 .It efifectually deceived General Lee, who disregarded the repeated requests and 
 appeals of Beauregard, and ignored dispatches from other Confederates that 
 the columns of the Army of the Potomac were being rapidly transported across 
 the James to capture Petersburg. General E. P. Alexander, General Lee's 
 Chief-of-Artillcry at Gettysburg and subsequent campaigns, in a very recently 
 published history, departs from the usual style of Confederate writers by 
 venturing to criticise and to question the infallibility of Lee's generalship in 
 this campaign. In his ably-written work. General Alexander declares that General 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 289 
 
 .ml 
 
 BVT. -BRIG. -GEN. J. BOWMAN SWEITZER. 
 
-290 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Lee was very much at fault in refusing to believe the warnings and notices from 
 Beauregard and others that Grant's entire army was across the James en route 
 tc Petersburg, and in scouting the information as unreliable and incredible, from 
 the reports obtained by him through his officers and scouts on duty in front of 
 Richmond. 
 
 To General Humphreys, the Chief-of-Staff of General Meade, too much 
 credit cannot be given for the successful carrying out of the project, or plan, to 
 transfer bodily an army of one hundred and fifty thousand men — infantry, cav- 
 alry and artillery and their immense wagon trains — across the James, success- 
 fully eluding the unusually expert and vigilant enemy, from whose immediate 
 front this army had withdrawn. Not a man of that great command was killed 
 or captured by the enemy in this great movement over the James. So carefully 
 had every point been guarded and every advantage taken to keep from view the 
 movements, that it was, in fact, all accomplished without discovery by the enemy. 
 
 In preparing to carry out the project made by General Humphreys for trans- 
 fer of the Union army to the south side of the James, General Warren was di- 
 rected to move his corps otit the Long-Bridge road, not only far enough to cover 
 the crossing of the Chickahominy by the army, but also to hold the bridge over 
 White-Oak swamp. It was expected that such a movement by General Warren 
 would deceive General Lee, by giving him the impression that it was an advance 
 upon Richmond. The movement evidently made the desired impression upon 
 General Lee, and to a greater extent than was contemplated, as his subsequent 
 movements and actions show. General E. P. Alexander states that Lee was 
 uncertain what the Arm)' of the Potomac was doing until the afternoon of 
 the l?th of June, when the entire Army of the Potomac was south of the James 
 river with all its cavalrv and trains. 
 
 OxE Hundred and Fifty-fifth Tr.a.nsferred to Sweitzer's Brigade. 
 
 On the 16th of June the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, by steam-ferry, 
 crossed to the south side of the James river, at Wilcox Landing. On the 15th 
 of June, previous to crossing the James river, the Regiment was, by the follow- 
 ing circular or order, transferred from the First Brigade of the Second Division 
 of the Fifth Corps, General Ayres commanding, to the Second Brigade of the 
 First Division of the same Corps, General Grififin commanding. 
 
 " Headquarters Fifth Army Corps, 
 
 " June 15, 1864. 
 
 " The Ninety-first Pennsylvania \'oIunteers, Colonel Gregory, and the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Major Ewing, are relieved 
 from duty with the Second Division, General Ayres, and will report to Brigadier- 
 'General Griffin, commanding the First Division. 
 
 " By command of 
 
 " Major-General G. K. Warren, 
 
 " Fred T. Locke, Assistant Adjt.-Gen." 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 •i91 
 
 This order transferred the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment to the 
 Brigade commanded by Colonel J. Bowman Sweitzer, composed of the following 
 regiments: Sixty-second, Ninety-first and One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers and the Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry, dismounted. 
 This was a most gratifying order to the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, because 
 of the popularity of General Sweitzer and of the men of the Sixty-second Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers — fellow \\'estern Pennsylvanians with whom they were here- 
 after to be brigaded. 
 
292 UNDER THE :\IALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Chapter XIV. 
 
 PETERSBURG CAMPAIGN.— WELDOX RAILROAD. 
 
 June ISth, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Assaults Enemy's Fortifica- 
 tions IN Front of Petersburg. — Disastrous Effect of Charge. — One Hun- 
 dred AND Fifty-fifth Regiment Transferred to Sweitzer's Brigade of 
 Griffin's Division. — Official Orders of General Griffin, Congratulating 
 One Hundred and P'ifty-fifth on Brilli.ant Conduct in Charge of ISth 
 OF June. — Fifth Corps Headquarters Established at Avery Mansion. — 
 Siege of Petersburg Entered Upon. — Jerusalem Plank Road and Weldon 
 Railroad. — Distressing Scenes on Battlefield. — Colonel Pearson Re- 
 instated IN Command, Particip.\tes ix Eng.\gement. — Major Ewing 
 Slightly Wounded in Foot. — One Hundred and Fifty-fifth in Trenches. 
 — Departure of Sixty-second Pennsylvania. — Recruits of Sixty-second 
 Pennsylvania Transferred to One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. — Warren's 
 Headquarters at Avery House. — Accuracy of Picket Firing. — Covered 
 Ways. — Mortar Plants. — Explosion of ;\Iine. — Griffin's Division Destroys 
 Railroad. — Impetuous Charges of Confeder.-vtes Upon Union Line.- — Re- 
 pulse OF Enemy. — Furious Dash L'pon One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and 
 Bloody' Repulse. — Corps Headquarters of Gener.\l Warren at Yellow 
 
 Tavern. — C.\sualties. 
 
 Assaults. — Siege of Petersburg. 
 
 Y MIDNIGHT of the 16th of June, 1864, the entire Army of the 
 Potomac, with all its numerous wagon and artillery trains, had suc- 
 cessfully moved from its positions in front of Richmond and the 
 Confederate army of General Lee, and crossed the James River 
 without the loss of a man, gun or wagon. 
 General Wright's Sixth Corps covered the operation, being the last troops 
 to reach the right bank of the James. The navy also assisted with its armored 
 ships and gun-boats in covering the passage of the river ; but the movement 
 being undiscovered by the enemy, neither army nor navy had occasion to inter- 
 fere during the passage. 
 
 General Hancock's Corps, on the 1-lth, was the first to cross, with all its 
 infantry and four batteries of artillery, to the south bank of the James. The 
 Fifth Corps, late at night on the 17th of June, was ordered by General Meade 
 to make an assault in strong columns upon the enemy's works in front of 
 Petersburg. At four o'clock on the following morning the attack was ordered 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 293 
 
 o 
 
 S 
 CO 
 on 
 K 
 W 
 
 U 
 
294 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 to be made by the Fifth, the Ninth and the Second Corps, with portions of the 
 Sixth Corps and the Eighteenth Corps, and other troops were to be held in 
 readiness to support the attack. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was with 
 this Fifth Corps assaulting column, but on the morning of the 18th it was 
 found that the enemy had abandoned the intrcnchments which they had so sue- ■ 
 cessfully defended the day before. The ground in front of the points previously 
 assaulted was thickly covered with the killed and the trenches at those points 
 filled with Confederate dead from the assaults of the previous day by Smith's, 
 Hancock's and the Ninth Corps. Finding the Confederate line abandoned. Gen- 
 eral Meade at once ordered the army to press forward and to make renewed 
 attacks on the enemy's inner works before they could receive re-inforcements 
 from Lee's army. The Fifth Corps on the left of the Ninth, in this new advance, 
 had a very considerable distance to traverse to reach the second line of in- 
 trenchments of the enemy's main line, and it was exposed to a very severe ar- 
 tiller\- fire diu'ing the advance movement. Deep ravines and a Norfolk Railroad 
 cut, which was held by the enemy at its nortJiern end, and from which an 
 enfilading fire from batteries and skirmishers was kept up at frequent intervals, 
 made it very difficult to cross. 
 
 On the 18th of June, General Meade ordered a simultaneous attack on the 
 enemy's works, and fixed the hour at twelve o'clock, directing all the corps to 
 attack at the same hour with strong columns. General Burnside's and General 
 Warren's Corps were kept occupied in endeavoring to drive the enemy out of the 
 railroad cut in their front, so as to get close enough to the enemy's intrcnchments 
 to assault. The ground to be passed over was open and exposed to the enemy's 
 artillery fire for a long distance. General Meade again ordered assaults by all 
 the corps with their whole force at all hazard as soon as possible, as he found it 
 useless to appoint an hour to effect co-operation. 
 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth ^L\kes B.woxet Charge. 
 
 All the corps assaulted the enemy's works late in the afternoon and at hours 
 not widely apart, but w^ere repulsed with considerable loss. General Warren's 
 assault with the Fifth Corps was well made. Griffin's Division being particularly 
 conspicuous and heavy losers. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, which 
 had but a few days previous been transferred to Sweitzer's Brigade of Griffin's 
 Division, led the advance in the charge on this day, many of its men being killed 
 within twenty feet of the Confederate works, and many more, crossing over that 
 distance, occupied the moat around the hostile works unobserved by the enemy be- 
 hind the same. This charge of Griffin's Division and of Warren's Corps with fixed 
 bayonets was no more successful than the other assaults. Lieutenant-Co.lonel 
 John Ewing led the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth on this bayonet charge, and 
 gave the order to fall back only when the enfilading fire of musketry and artillery 
 of the enemy supplementing the direct destructive fire made the chance of success 
 impossible. 
 
 In this charge the loss of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment was 
 greater than in any other engagement during its campaigns. Captain Samuel A. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. -^95 
 
 McKee, of Company I, a veteran of the Mexican War, a brave and capable 
 officer, fell mortally wounded leading this charge, dying on the field of battle, 
 a true soldier's death. 
 
 On the death of Captain McKee, the boy Captain of the Regiment, A. 
 H. Heisey. took command of the storming column during the remainder of the 
 battle, and when the order to retreat was given by Lieutenant-Colonel Ewing, 
 conducted the movement successfully, under the direct and enfilading fire of 
 the enemy. Captain Heisey received commendations from both Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Ewing, commanding the Regiment, and General Sweitzer, the Brigade 
 commander, for his cool courage throughout the action. 
 
 Both Captains Heisey and Kilgore were particularly in demand as experts 
 in the zouave skirmish drill during the campaign. 
 
 Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain, of the Twentieth Maine, in Griffin's Division, 
 also led his Brigade under the destructive fire of the enemy. Colonel Chamber- 
 Iain was wounded in the leg, resulting in the loss of a limb whilst in command 
 of his brigade in this assault. He received the distinction of being promoted 
 on the field of battle to the rank of Brigadier-General by General Grant. 
 
 General J. Bowman Sweitzer, of Pittsburg, commanded the Brigade, and 
 was conspicuous for his bravery in this severe engagement. It occurred but a 
 few days before the term of service of his regiment, the Sixty-second Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteers, expired, and made it a soldierly test. 
 
 One Hundred and Fiftv-fifth Complimented. 
 
 Generals Meade and W^arren both issued complimentary orders to Griffin's 
 Division on the great valor and gallantry displayed by the men in this brilliant 
 charge upon the enemy's fortifications. 
 
 The following official dispatch was forwarded from the battlefield that night 
 by General Griffin to General Meade, referring to the part taken by the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth in the charge: 
 
 " Headquarters First Division, Fifth Corps. 
 
 " June IS, 1864. 
 " Colonel Locke, 
 
 '■ Assistant Adjutant-General, Fifth Army Corps. 
 " Colonel: In answer to your statement just received, I have to state that 
 nearly all the dead and wounded were recovered. A very few of the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania are still, I fear, outside, perhaps within twenty 
 feet of the earthworks. 
 
 " Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
 
 " Ch.^s. Griffin, Brigadier-General." 
 
 The next morning at nine o'clock General Warren officially dispatched to 
 General Meade a report of this charge, from which the following extract is 
 
296 UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 given concerning the participation of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth in the 
 great charge : 
 
 "Headquarters, Fifth Army Corps. 
 
 " June 19. lS6i, 9 a. m. 
 " Brigadier-General S. Williams. 
 
 " Acting Adjutant-General Army of the Potomac. 
 ■■ Mv Division commanders report that all their dead and wounded were 
 recovered last night, except a few of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Penn- 
 sylvania \^olunteers (Griffin's Division), which lie within twenty feet of the 
 enemy's works. 
 
 ■■ G. K. \\'akrex, Maj.-Gen. Commanding." 
 
 General Sweitzer, before departing with his regiment, the Sixty-second 
 Pennsylvania \"olunteers, for I'ittsburg. a few days after this memorable charge, 
 wrote Colonel Pearson, who had again been restored to the command of the 
 Regiment, that as he had vouched to General Griffin for the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Regiment, in requesting its transfer to his brigade from General 
 Ayres" Brigade, he had asked General Griffin how he was satisfied with Pearson's 
 zouave regiment, and that Griffin had emphatically replied that, in his opinion, 
 no better troops or regiment existed in the Army of the Potomac, as their actions 
 in the desperate charge on the isth of June had fallen under his own personal 
 observation. 
 
 General Griffin subsequently issued a formal order congratulating the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth and the other regiments of the brigade on their brilliant 
 conduct in the charge of the 18th of June. 
 
 IXCU)EXTS OF THE CHARGE. 
 
 This battle of the ISth of June was fought on what is known as the " Avery 
 Farm. " on which was erected a fine mansion of colonial style. This house, which 
 was situated between the lines, was unoccupied, and was frequently struck by shot 
 and shell, being, by the advance of the Fifth Corps quite close to the Confederate 
 fortifications, the scene of the assault of June ISth. This family mansion, by 
 the advance of the Union lines. Ijeing well within the same, later became the 
 headquarters of General \\'arren and his stafif, attaches, orderlies and telegraph 
 operators connected with the Corps. The advance of the Fifth Corps on the 
 ISth of June to within twenty feet of the enemy's works, where assaulted by 
 General Sweitzer's Brigade, as officially stated, was the high-water mark of the 
 charge of Grant's army in the siege of Petersburg. 
 
 Immediately after the charge, on the following day, the regular siege of 
 Petersburg was entered upon, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth still holding its 
 advanced position. The Fifth Corps works, as laid out by General Warren, 
 were commenced, and a line was constructed on the position gained by the ad- 
 vance of Sweitzer's Brigade in that memorable charge. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 297 
 
 SGT. WILLIAM F. COLLNER. 
 
29S 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 LIEUT. -COL. JOHN EWING. 
 
 A most remarkable incident occurred 
 •during this charge. When Lieutenant- 
 Colonel John Ewing, finding that , his 
 men were falling thick around him. 
 and that it was evident that his small 
 force could not capture and hold the 
 works of the enemy in front, ordered 
 the men of the Regimnet to fall back: 
 instead of obeying this order, Sergeant 
 William F. Collner, of Company G. 
 Private James A. Rankin, of Company 
 I, and a number of others of the Regi- 
 ment, thinking it safer to continue their 
 advance, ran the short distance to the 
 ■enemy's fort, being about a distance 
 of not more than twenty feet, and took 
 refuge in the ditch or moat surround- 
 ing it. 
 
 In this position they were completely 
 protected from the direct and enfilading 
 fire to which the Regiment had been ex- 
 posed on falling back under Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Ewing's orders. These members of the Regiment, probably a dozen in 
 number, remained in this hazardous position undiscovered by the enemy until 
 night, under cover of which, they, in turn, succeeded in escaping, crawling back 
 on hands and knees within the Union lines. 
 
 Private James A. Rankin, of Company I, was one of the parties who secured 
 shelter in the moat of the Confederate fortification. Becoming impatient, and 
 expressing fears of being taken prisoner with its known horrors, Rankin, against 
 the urgent entreaties of all the comrades who were sheltered in the ditch, made 
 a rush before dark to gain the open space between the lines, and thereby exposing 
 himself to the Confederate sharpshooters, was instantly killed, his body falling 
 back into the ditch. 
 
 During the night the enemy, out of humanity, believing the parties in their 
 front to be wounded, or engaged in removing the dead, did not open fire on the 
 moving parties in the space between the lines. Captain AIcKee's body and that 
 of Privates W. A. Liken and David Lear, of Company E, instantly killed in the 
 charge, were removed in the night by comrades without molestation by the enemy 
 and buried in the ravine below the crest from where the charge was made. 
 
 Among the numerous narrow escapes in this assault was that of Color- 
 Bearer-Sergeant Thomas I. Marlin, who received a slight wound on the chin, 
 which paralyzed his jaws for several days. 
 
 If the charge of the 18th of June already described, in which the First and 
 the Second Brigade of Griffin's Division lost so heavily, and many of the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth storming the enemy's works were killed within twenty 
 feet of the same, had taken place the day previous, the Regiment would un- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 399 
 
 WILLIAM A. LIKEN. 
 
 JAMES A. RANKIN. 
 
 •doubtedly have succeeded in carrying the works and entering Petersburg, as 
 during the night of the 17th General Beauregard had been re-inforced from 
 General Lee's army, Anderson's and Hill's Corps having both arrived and secured 
 positions before the final LTnion assault was made. Lieutenant-General Grant, 
 to whom General Meade reported the action on the advance of June 18th, made 
 the following reply : 
 
 " City Point. \"a.. 
 
 June IS, 1804. lu o'clock p. m. 
 '" Major-General Meade : 
 
 " I am perfectly satisfied that all has been done that could be done, and 
 that the assaults to-day were called for, with all the appearance and information 
 that could be obtained. Now we shall rest the men, and use the spade for their 
 protection, until a new vein can be struck. 
 
 U. S. Gr.\nt, Lieutenant-General." 
 
 Then began the long and tedious work of besieging the city of Peters- 
 b)urg under the supervision of the army engineers. Frowning redoubts, long 
 lines of breastworks, mortar batteries and field works of all kinds were con- 
 structed — the sortie, the bomb-proof, the mine, the counter-mine, the covered 
 ways, were all now to be added to the experience of those who had not partici- 
 pated in the siege of Yorktown. This necessitated the encircling or covering of 
 two railroads, the Weklon and the Lynchburg, as the siege of Petersburg 
 ■demanded. 
 
300 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 CAPT. SAMUEL A. McKEE. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 301 
 
 June 21. 1S(M. The disa.^trous rcpul'^es of the several storming columns had 
 convinced General Grant that the defenses around Petersburg were impregnable 
 against direct assault; and henceforth the energies of the Union army were to 
 be directed against General Lee's lines of communication with the South. On 
 this day active operations were again commenced by the main army, having in 
 view the capture of the \\'eldon Railroad. 
 
 Battle of Jerusalem Plank Roau. 
 
 The Second Corps advanced across the Norfolk Railroad and then marched 
 rapidly southward, followed by Griffin's Division and the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Pennsylvania, under an intensely hot sun and stifling, blinding clouds of 
 dust. In the afternoon the Second Corps, in advance, struck the enemy in the 
 vicinity of the Jerusalem Plank Road which runs southward from Petersburg. 
 From the nature of the earthworks constructed by the enemy parallel with the 
 Jerusalem Plank Road, it was very evident that Lee understood the ver}' great 
 importance of the Weldon Railroad, and was read}' and determined to defend it. 
 A severe engagement took place on what was known as the Davis Farm, about 
 three miles south of Petersburg. The Si.xth Corps came up during the night fol- 
 lowing, and formed on the left of the Second Corps, prepared to move in con- 
 junction with that corps against the railroad. The right of the Second Corps 
 rested on the Jerusalem Plank Road, with Griffin's Division including the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth of the Fifth Corps, on the opposite side of the rail- 
 road. On the 23d of June, when the advance against the Confederate works was 
 renewed by the Sixth and the Second Corps, desiring to mass more closely, the 
 left of the Second Corps began to press toward the right, thus creating a gap 
 between the two corps. Quick to take advantage of this mistake, the Confederate 
 General, Hill, pushed Mahone's Division into the gap. As was usual with the 
 enemy, the attack on the Union lines was made with tremendous energy, resulting 
 in the capture of many Union prisoners. 
 
 On the afternoon of the 22d of June, the Fifth Corps, being camped in 
 reserve, resting from its labors on the fatigue duty and work of the siege and 
 picket, was suddenly summoned to break camp and to double-quick half a mile 
 to the front in the vicinity of the Jerusalem Plank Road, at the advanced posi- 
 tion in the breast works held by the Second Corps. The enemy had attacked in 
 force the breastworks occupied by General Corcoran's Irish Legion, consisting of 
 a brigade of New York regiments, and after meeting considerable resistance, the 
 Confederates broke through the line, captured many prisoners and carried the 
 breastworks. It was to relieve this part of the line that General Sweitzer's 
 Brigade and the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth of Griffin's Division was sum- 
 moned. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and the Brigade at once advanced 
 beyond the lines of Corcoran's Irish Legion, which had suffered terribly, and the 
 Regiment at once deployed as skirmishers, being only a few yards from the 
 enemy in places. It was quite dark and the obscurity was further deepened by 
 the woods in which the battle and skirmishing was being conducted ; but the 
 Brigade held its advanced position until daylight, when it advanced and drove 
 
302 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 the enemy from the Union breastworks which they had captured the day previous. 
 The scenes on the field when Sweitzer's Brigade and the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth advanced through the hnes of the troops of the Second Corps, sur- 
 passed in terrible agony and misery any that the Regiment had previously ex- 
 perienced. This peculiar fact was caused by the closeness of the range of the 
 enemy's artillery and musketry fire in the woods and roads. The One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth was obliged at one point of the action to change position, and 
 move across the Jerusalem Plank Road at a point commanded by a most perfect 
 range of a Confederate battery. The officers in command of the Regiment with- 
 held the order for the movement across the Jerusalem Plank Road, and leaving 
 the woods sheltering it, until the enemy's battery in question had fired its volley 
 along the Plank Road, and then before the battery could be re-loaded to fire 
 again, the Regiment double-quicked across the narrow road to the new position 
 on the line assigned it. 
 
 A previous volley from the Confederate's battery commanding the road had 
 poured its deadly shot into a regiment less fortunate than the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth, while it was moving across the fatal point of this road. On the 
 roadside crossed by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth were dozens of men struck 
 and mortally wounded, piled in the middle of the road, and crawling to the side, 
 many shouting in their delirium of home, mothers, wives, and others appealing 
 most piteously to the Almighty for relief. The dead also strewn upon the road 
 from the same cause were very numerous. As stated, it may be doubted whether 
 a more horrible sight than that met by Sweitzer's Brigade in rapidly crossing the 
 Jerusalem Plank Road at this point, was ever witnessed on any battlefield. 
 
 As to the desperate character of this action. General J. Bowman Sweitzer. 
 who was commanding the Brigade, and whose long and honorable service in all 
 the campaigns of the army of the Potomac had earned for him a Brevet Brigadier- 
 Generalship, expressed the opinion that this aflrair of the 22d of June on the 
 Jerusalem Plank Road was one of the severest engagements in which he or his 
 command had ever participated. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was fortu- 
 nate, however, in sustaining comparatively slight loss in this engagement, which 
 resulted in recapturing the works taken from the Second Corps. 
 
 Incidents of the Engagement. 
 
 This was the first engagement in which Colonel Pearson had participated 
 since his altercation with General Ayres and suspension from the command of 
 the Regiment, in the battle of the Wilderness. Lieutenant-Colonel John Ewing 
 was slightly wounded in the foot in this action, and four others of the Regiment 
 were wounded. One of the comrades of Company E received a wound under 
 most peculiar circumstances. His name was Hugh Bayne, who, although hale 
 and hearty physically, and at home a coal miner by occupation and- used to 
 laborious work, was discovered, after his enlistment and settling down to duty 
 in the service, to be mentally weak. From this fact, commanders of the company 
 would never allow him to take charge of a gun or musket in the camp, on the 
 march, or in battle. Bayne was assigned duty to be performed with an ax or 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 303 
 
 shovel or other peaceful implement — work which he did cheerfully. By some 
 extraordinary oversight in this day's engagement, Bayne, who did not realize 
 what danger was, accompanied the Regiment and Company to the relief of the 
 position of the Second Corps on the front of the line. Armed with a shovel, 
 Bayne stood i:p at one point of the action, when all of the Regiment in response 
 to orders of the officers had lain down and were hugging the earth as closely as 
 possible to avoid the enemy's shots. In plain view of the Regiment. Bayne 
 arose, and seeing the enemy's line very distinctly, turned around to inform his 
 comrades of the fact, when the enemy sent a minie ball through his jaw. It is 
 said this occurrence was the only time that poor Bayne was ever known to look 
 serious. His wound, however, was not dangerous. He was taken to the hospital 
 and, after recovery, discharged for mental incapacity. 
 
 For half an hour in the same evening of the 33d, the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth was under the severest shelling at the closest range it had ever ex- 
 perienced, the shells in great numbers striking in their front, in their midst, and 
 in their rear, ricocheting and bursting with crashes as if the heavens were 
 falling. And vet amidst the storm of fragments of ragged iron, the Regiment, 
 hugging the earth closely, suffered comparatively little harm. 
 
 The Fifth Corps was pushed up close to the Confederate works, occupying 
 the ground a little to the eastward of the direct Petersburg front, being the iden- 
 tical position in advance which it had captured in the assault of the ISth of June.' 
 
 After re-capturing the works of the Second Corps from the enemy and hold- 
 ing them a day or two the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth went back into reserve 
 bivouac. 
 
 SixTY-SECoxD Departs for Home. 
 
 On the night of the 3d of July, 1864, the Sixty-second Pennsylvania Regi- 
 ment, commanded by Brevet Brigadier-General J. Bowman Sweitzer, on account 
 of the expiration of its three year's service, took its departure from the front for 
 its journey home to Pittsburg. The night before, notwithstanding the picket firing 
 and shelling and the bomb-proof places of refuge existing in front of Petersburg, 
 special permission was given the officers and men of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Regiment for a display of good will and to bid farewell to General 
 Sweitzer and to the officers and men of the Sixty-second Regiment. 
 
 The officers of General Sweitzer's Brigade and General Griffin, commander 
 of the Division, tendered General Sweitzer the honor of a farewell banquet — 
 if the humble fare of the commissary stores and the holding of the same 
 amid the firing of the enemy will admit of being designated a banquet. On 
 the " menu," however, were " commissary '" and " hardtack " in abundance. 
 Colonel Pearson, who had rejoined and resumed command of the Regiment, 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Ewing. Major Cline, Captains Laughlin, Quartermaster Pal- 
 mer, Kilgore, Allen and Heisey, participated on the behalf of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth in these festivities. Among the giiests also in attendance was 
 Brevet Brigadier-General Richard Coulter, Colonel of the famous Eleventh 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers. General Coulter, like General Sweitzer, had been per- 
 mitted by the authorities at Washington to command various bodies of troops in 
 
304 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 305 
 
 active service, performing, for two years, the duties of Brigadier-General, but, 
 despite the repeated recommendations of Generals Meade and Grant, for gallantry 
 in action, he had been refused the well-earned commission. 
 
 In General Sweitzer's farewell remarks on the occasion, he congratulated 
 •General Griffin, the Division commander, who was present, on the transfer of the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment to his division, stating that he had re- 
 quested the War Department, because of his special confidence in the gallantry 
 and bravery of Colonel Pearson and Lieutenant-Colonel Ewing, so long the 
 commanders of the Regiment in the active campaigns, that the three hundred men 
 of the Sixty-second Regiment, whose terms of service had not expired, be 
 assigned to and distributed among the companies of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment. He also declared, turning to Colonel Pearson, that he felt no 
 uneasiness as to the future of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, after what he 
 himself had witnessed of their storming and assaulting the enemy's works on 
 the 18th of June, while serving in his (Sweitzer's) Brigade. 
 
 The Sixty-second Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers left for home on the 
 .3d of July, after the banquet in their honor held on the night of July 2d. 
 
 Many of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth were permitted to accompany the 
 officers and men of the Sixty-second some distance from their camp to ex- 
 change farewells and to send messages to relatives and friends in Pittsburg and 
 vicinity. 
 
 The revised Regimental roster in the Appendix shows the names and ranks 
 ■of the members of the Sixty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers, thus transferred 
 to serve unexpired terms in the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, It is but due these 
 officers and men, thus transferred, to record the fact that no worthier, braver, or 
 more chivalric soldiers than they proved to be while serving in the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth, ever faced an enemy. 
 
 AvERv Maxsion. — Corps Headquarters. 
 
 Through the close proximity of all the officers and men to the corps General 
 and staff, his orders are given immediate attention, and distributed to the division 
 and brigade commanders of the corps without delay. The right arm of the corps 
 General, at his headquarters, is called the Assistant Adjutant-General of the 
 corps, with the rank of Colonel. He is furnished two assistants with the rank 
 of Captain, and also a number of enlisted men detailed to assist in copy- 
 ing orders and preserving records, and tabulating morning reports and other 
 routine work. 
 
 It is through the Adjutant-General of the corps that all executive work and 
 details of the corps, as planned and directed by the corps commander, are shaped 
 and formulated for action and communication to all subordinate division com- 
 manders. Really, though usually but little seen or known to the public, the corps 
 Adjutant-General is a most responsible officer, his office demanding constant 
 •energy in the discharge of the duties in active campaigning. The Fifth Corps 
 was most fortunate in having, during the three years' service of the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth Regiment in the field, the duties of Assistant Adjutant-Gen- 
 
306 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 eral, performed by Colonel Fred T. Locke, of New York, who was wounded 
 in action several times, and on special recommendation of General Meade, 
 was brevetted Brigadier-General for gallantry and meritorious services in 
 the field. 
 
 The location of corps headquarters in the early days of the siege of Peters- 
 burg in the Avery Mansion was a source of no little concern to the large colony 
 to be described below as comprising the headquarters. The shelling by the 
 enemy, the Cnion mortar firing and Confederate replies, made the locality and 
 building most undesirable, especially at night, when coveting tired nature's sweet 
 restorer. General Warren and his personal staff preferred the beautiful lawn, 
 and erected their tents on that ground. This left the stately mansion for the 
 United States Military Telegraph operators, the Signal Corps and other depart- 
 ments. The upper stories were reserved for sleeping apartments, the accommo- 
 dations being limited to sleeping on uncarpeted floors. 
 
 During the first days of the siege, both armies were hard at work strength- 
 ening positions and extending their defenses, working at night as well as all day, 
 in regular relief working parties. 
 
 On account of his reputation as a military engineer. General Warren, as 
 corps commander, was, with the rank and file, kept unusually busy day and night 
 in the great work of investing the Confederate army intrenched behind the miles 
 of breastworks composing the defenses of Petersburg. In addition to the mili- 
 tary fire-arms, the troops of this corps were furnished picks, shovels and spades 
 and other tools, and were required day and night to serve on details for fatigue 
 duty, as the hard labor in erecting forts and digging trenches, was termed. This 
 work of the troops was done under frequent fire of the enemy, and the me- 
 chanical implements of the soldier-laborer had frequently to be dropped for the 
 gun and its deadly sharpshooting. 
 
 General Warren, in directing and superintending with engineers this con- 
 struction of siege operations, usually located corps headquarters close to the 
 front, and in the vicinity of the siege works being constructed. A fine old colonial 
 mansion, known as the Avery Mansion, situated near the Union firing line on the 
 18th of June, on the great charge, had been abandoned by its owners. It was, 
 notwithstanding its continued exposed condition, taken possession of as Fifth 
 corps headquarters, and continued to be occupied as such during the first month 
 of the siege. It had been already damaged in actions before its spacious parlors, 
 rooms and groimds were made corps headc|uarters. The latter ineans in active 
 campaigning much mi:)re than the corps (jeneral and his personal staff. Head- 
 quarters comprises, in addition, a large retinue of commissioned officers, such as 
 corps Quartermaster, corps Commissary, corps Provost Guard, corps Medical 
 Director, a company of sharpshooters, a company of cavalry as escorts, a number 
 of motmted and unmounted orderlies, soldier clerks, L'nited States Military Tele- 
 graph operators. United States Signal Corps, United States mail clerks, wagon- 
 ers, teamsters and colored cooks and servants, in all forming a colony of from 
 three to four hundred people, together with horses, mules, etc., all camped close 
 together at the end of each night march, or in winter quarters. Also the medical, 
 hospital and ambulance officers and new men formed quite a large contingent. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 307 
 
 It did seem unkind and even malicious in both armies during this strenuous 
 period of the siege, that every night just as the wearied day fatigue parties and 
 the occupants of the Corps headquarters mansion were seeking sorely-needed rest, 
 that the Confederate and Union batteries should at intervals break out in duels 
 lasting often an hour or more. Stray shells and spent cannon balls frequently 
 added to the excitement by striking the old Avery Mansion, penetrating the roof 
 or a window with a great noise, and arousing the slumberers and especially ter- 
 rifying the contraband cooks and servants in the corps colony. The United 
 States Military Telegraph Corps operators had their ticking machines on the 
 first floor of the building destroyed by one of these unwelcome visitors. The 
 heavy siege mortars introduced by General Warren to the grounds of the Avery 
 Mansion, when discharged at the enemy, as was done daily, also jarred and racked 
 the venerable mansion, adding to the discomforts of the inmates. However, but 
 few casualties resulted from the fire of the Confederates during this period of 
 Corps headquarters. 
 
 Fourth of July Celebr.\tions. 
 
 Tuly 4, 1864, was spent by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth in the advanced 
 trenches, and as bombardment and mortar firing by both armies continued 
 throughout the entire day and night. Independence Day about Petersburg was 
 celebrated by much more noise and waste of powder than marked the Nation's 
 birthday celebrations at home. 
 
 After spending a few days in reserve, resting, the Regiment was on this 
 day moved to the camp formerly occupied by the Sixty-second Pennsylvania, now 
 consolidated with the r)ne Hundred and Fifty-fifth. John Adams' famous ad- 
 dress about the proper celebration of Independence Day, contrasted with the 
 boom and noise of cannonading, musketry and picket firing along the line in front 
 of Petersburg, was more than literally complied with in the army. Earnest and 
 serious work by the armies behind the trenches and in the siege works being con- 
 structed occupied the time of the commanders and subordinate officers of both 
 armies operating at Petersburg, on this anniversary of the Nation's birth. The 
 lines of the contending pickets were very close, and although lulls in firing took 
 place, eternal vigilance was manifested by the videttes and [lickets of both 
 armies without relaxation on account of the Nation's holida}'. 
 
 The survivors of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment serving in the 
 trenches could not refrain from recalling memories of the equally noisy celebra- 
 tion of July 4th on Little Round Top, Gettysburg, where, in addition to the great 
 victory of the gallant Army of the Potomac on that historic field, word was also 
 received of Grant's great victory and the surrender of the Confederate army at 
 Vicksburg. Thoughts of the cold, wet, drear}- day of the preceding July 4th 
 came unbidden to contrast the soft side of the rocks and boulders on Little Round 
 Top, the Regiment's only couches for resting, with the dusty, sandy, heated soil, 
 their sleeping places in front of Petersburg. 
 
 The Regiment, with the Corps, was located less than a mile from Peters- 
 burg, and from their position an excellent view of the church spires and public 
 buildings of the besieged town was plainly visible. The peaceful and sweet 
 
308 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 chimes of the church bells were heard each Sunday, very frecjuently having for 
 accompaniment the shrieking, angry sounds of the cannon and mortars of both 
 armies. The Confederate's heaviest mortar gun became so regular in its firing at 
 this stage of the siege as to be dubbed " The Petersburg Express." The terrible 
 reverberating sounds of the heavy artillery and numerous shells fired into Peters- 
 burg during the siege, made the Union soldiers think that but little would be 
 left of the beautiful " Cockade City " at the end of the siege. In this they were 
 mistaken, for after the surrender at Appomattox, preceded by the fall i:)f Peters- 
 burg, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, in marching with the Corps 
 through the town of Petersburg, could see but little of the efl:ects of the heavy and 
 continuous bombardment by Grant's army, on an)- of the churches or high build- 
 ings exposed. 
 
 Changes in Regimext. — Details, Etc, 
 
 A number of vacancies in details and positions in the Corps and Division 
 was occasioned by the occupants returning home with the Sixty-second and other 
 regiments, whose terms of service had expired. 
 
 Captain George M. Laughlin, of Company E, was appointed Commissary 
 of Musters of the First Division, on the personal staiT of General Charles Griffin, 
 commanding the Division. It was a promotion and distinction for the Regiment, 
 which occasioned great joy to all except the members of his own company, who, 
 whilst appreciating the honor, deeply regretted the severance of the affectionate 
 ties which had won their love and esteem. Captain Laughlin discharged the duties 
 of his position so satisfactorily that, on General Grififin's promotion to the com- 
 mand of the Corps, Captain Laughlin continued on his staff, and was finally 
 brevetted Major for gallant and meritorious service in action. 
 
 A special order was received on July 10th from General G. K. \\'arren, 
 commanding the Corps, ordering Private Charles F. McKenna, of Company E, to 
 report at once for special duty with Colonel Fred T. Locke, Assistant Adjutant- 
 General of the Fifth Corps, Private McKenna left the trenches to obey this 
 order, and served at Corps headquarters under Generals Warren and Griffin 
 until the war ended, being present at Five Forks and at Appomattox on duty with 
 Colonel Locke, Adjutant-General, 
 
 Private John C. Sias, of Company I, was detailed as orderly at the Division 
 Headquarters, and Private Edward W, Sackett, of Company E, was detailed 
 at Brigade Headquarters. 
 
 Sergeant Zerah C. Monks, transferred to the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 from the Sixty-second Regiment, was appointed Orderly-Sergeant of Company 
 E, and proved himelf to be an efficient and brave officer. At the action of Five 
 Forks he became engaged in a hand-to-hand encounter with a Confederate, which 
 ended in the death of Sergeant Monks' antagonist. 
 
 Captain Ben Huey, also transferred to the Regiment from the Sixty-second, 
 was assigned to Company K of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth as Captain, in 
 which position he proved himself to be a capable and brave officer. He moved 
 to Bellevue, Pottawatomie count}'. Kansa-^, where, in the year 1900, he died uni- 
 versally esteemed. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 309 
 
 On the 5th of July, at this camp, the Regiment was visited by agents of 
 the Sanitary Commission, and treated to a welcome addition, in the shape of 
 canned fruits of various kinds, to their daily fare of hardtack and meat. From 
 the 5th to the "^Oth of July the One Hundred and Eifty-fifth, through " fatigue " 
 details, was almost constantly undergoing hard labor in the trenches, constructing 
 forts and breastworks. While engaged in this toil, the Regiment became so 
 callous to the sound of shrieking and bursting shells around them that they paid 
 little heed to them. 
 
 On Julv "20, 1864, the Regiment moved out to the front line at daylight, to 
 relieve another Regiment of the Brigade, and the enemy's pickets on this part 
 of the front being peaceably inclined were soon on good terms with the Union 
 pickets. Eor another week there was no picket or general musketry fire, and 
 but for an occasional shelling, which the Union and the Confederate batteries 
 exchanged to keep themselves in practice, the Regiment was as comfortable on 
 the front as it had been in its camp in the rear. The picket lines in front of the 
 Regiment were not over one hundred yards apart, and indeed in many places 
 closer. Many exchanges of small articles, such as newspapers, coffee for tobacco, 
 etc., took place. 
 
 Life in the Trenches. 
 
 July "iSth. After dark the Regiment moved a mile to the right, to a much 
 less comfortable position, being within range of the enemy's heaviest artillery, 
 where the breastworks were so poor as to afford little or no protection. On the 
 morning of the 29th, at early dawn, the One Hundred and Eifty-fifth, with 
 many other regiments, was put to work cutting and carrying timbers to build 
 up and strengthen the breastworks. No trenching was done during daylight, as 
 the enemy, having accurate range of the position, seemed determined to prevent 
 it. The Regiment would bivouac all day some distance away in the most pro- 
 tected situation to be found, and details would be called to go out and work 
 all night in the trenches. On this night the Regiment put in several hours of hard 
 labor, and by morning was tolerably well protected. The shoveling was con- 
 tinued during the night of the 30th, the w^orks were as well constructed as any 
 along the line. The picket posts along in front of this portion of the breastworks 
 were holes in the ground large enough to contain two men. The earth from the 
 holes was banked up on the side next the enemy with narrow embrasures therein 
 large enough to allow the men to look and shoot through. These exposed picket 
 posts on both sides afforded fine opportunities for target practice, as when firing 
 was going on the occupants were continually on the watch for a head or an arm 
 to protrude above the pit. Frequently, to test the accuracy of the fire, a Union or 
 a Confederate soldier would place an empty fruit-can upon the little breastwork, 
 and in a moment the can would topple over perforated by a minie ball. Inside 
 the hole next the bank of earth a few sticks or boards were placed forming a 
 platform, or banquette, to kneel upon while firing. To walk across the open space 
 between the Union breastworks and rifle-pits would have meant certain death ; 
 therefore, communication with the picket lines was had through trenches and 
 " covered ways." These trenches would commence at the main line and run 
 
310 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 out in a zigzag direction to the picket post, the earth being always banked up on 
 the side next the eneni}- to conceal the movement, constituted a covered way. 
 Sometimes the trenches ran straight out perpendicular to the enemy's line, so that 
 bombshells from the enemy's mortar plants could be dropped into them. In such 
 cases, timbers or plank with a thick covering of earth formed a roof over the 
 same. These trenches and " covered ways " were frequently deep and large 
 enough to allow ammunition and supply wagons to be driven through them con- 
 cealed from the enemy. In several places inside the enemy's main line the 
 locality in the rear of the works was so much exposed to the range of the Union 
 sharpshooters that it was very unsafe for the enemy to approach or to leave the 
 same. To overcome this difficulty, the Confederates constructed " covered ways " 
 wide and deep enough to allow ammunition and supply trains and columns of 
 troops to pass through them unobserved by the Union troops. 
 
 A distinguished Confederate officer. Honorable John S. Wise, of Virginia, 
 who was present during the siege, relates that during the picket firing between 
 the picket lines two Confederate pickets in a post, becoming weary of the etern?' 
 vigilance required of them, fixed a mirror in the rear of their little excavation, 
 so that by sitting with their backs to the embrasures and looking into the mirror 
 opposite, they could see the reflection of the Union lines in front. One day 
 these Confederate pickets, Hays and Collins by name, while engaged in a 
 friendly game of cards, began a bantering scuffle over the game, when Hays 
 incautiously lifted Collins slightly above the parapet of the rifle-pit. Instantly the 
 watchful eye of a Union sharpshooter, detecting the exposure, sped a minie ball 
 which perforated the neck of Collins, killing him instantly. 
 
 Both sides had many mortar plants from which immense bombshells were 
 dropped by each side into the breastworks of the other. These mortars were 
 fired into the air at a sufficient angle to the horizon to allow the big shell to drop 
 at almost any spot the gunner desired to reach. To protect themselves against 
 these missiles that came down like great meteiirs from the heavens, the soldiers 
 of both armies dug deep holes into the earth, like cellars, covering the same with 
 roofs of earth ten to fifteen feet in thickness constituting bombproofs. These 
 mortar shells, however, were not very dangerous, as they generally struck and 
 buried themselves in the ground before exploding, and beyond covering the by- 
 standers with earth, did little damage. 
 
 During those long midsummer days of the siege of Petersburg, when the 
 rays of the Southern sun beat down upon the occupants of the riflepits unrelieved 
 by breeze or shade, when the slightest exposure of the body meant death or 
 wound, life in the pits as well as in the breastworks became indescribably mo- 
 notonous, and the prolonged strain on the nerves could not endure for long. 
 By a tacit agreement, the pickets on both sides stopped firing at each other during 
 the davtime, and as already stated, became c|uite friendly. On one occasion 
 during the summer seige a party of young ladies from Richmond visited Peters- 
 burg, and were conducted to the Confederate intrenchments defending the city. 
 Encouraged by the peacefulness of the surroundings, the young lady sight- 
 seers mounted to the top of the Confederate parapets to view the Yanks in their 
 front. Thousands of Union soldiers were visible engaged in various occupations. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 311 
 
 some cleaning and polishing their arms, others in fighting an enemy unnamable 
 in polite conversation or literature. "Hello, Johnny! is this ladies' day?" 
 shouted a Yank from an adjacent pit. The Union troops were not fighting 
 women, and the Confederate ladies were not molested. 
 
 This silent compact between the Union and Confederate pickets not to 
 fire on each other during the daytime, was always ended at night by one side or 
 the other calling out, " Look out, Yank! (or Johnny!) we're going to shoot." 
 
 The reflecting reader may be curious to know how these pickets and men 
 in the trenches were supplied with water. The defect of streams and springs 
 was remedied by the sinking of artesian wells. At a depth of ten or twelve 
 feet beneath the sandy, porous soil an abundant supply of pure water could be 
 had ; and many wells were sunk within the lines and along the picket posts of 
 both armies. 
 
 The Mine Explosion. 
 
 July 2yth. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth iiien were about exhausted 
 by the unintermitting shoveling in the trenches in which they had been engaged 
 by details for the past three nights. In the evening of this day orders were read 
 that at sunrise next morning a mine would be exploded under a fort a short 
 distance to the right of the position occupied by the Regiment, and that firing 
 upon the enemy would be commenced all along the line. The idea of this mine 
 was originated by Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Pleasants, of the Forty-eighth Penn- 
 .sylvania, who, as a mining engineer, was familiar with mining operations in the 
 Schuylkill counties mining districts of Pennsylvania. To the Forty-eighth Penn- 
 sylvania, composed largely of miners, was intrusted the construction of the 
 mine. The work of excavation was commenced on the 25th of June, and com- 
 pleted on the 26th of July. The utmost precautions were taken to prevent knowl- 
 'edge of the operation from reaching the enemy. The doomed fort was a little 
 more than a mile from Petersburg, directly in front of the Ninth Corps, at a very 
 familiar location to the One Plundred and Fifty-fifth as being the very point on 
 which the Regiment had made its brilliant charge on the previous 18th of June. 
 The excavation was commenced in the side of a ravine, surmounted by an earth- 
 work on the Union line, and the distance to be mined to reach the Confederate 
 fort was about five hundred feet. As the excavation progressed, the earth from 
 the mine was thrown on the works to prevent the accumulation of heaps, which 
 might cause suspicion and give rise to inquiry. When the mining operation was 
 completed under the fort, the excavation was within twenty feet of the surface, 
 and the nailing of planks and timbers in the enemy's fort overhead could be 
 distinctly heard by the miners. Chambers for explosives were carefully con- 
 structed in the mine, and the whole charged with three hundred and twenty 
 kegs of powder, amounting to four tons. A fuse spliced in many places to make 
 it of proper length, was carefully laid, and the mine was ready to be sprung. 
 While the excavation was progressing, all intercourse between the opposing 
 pickets was strictly prohibited and a constant skirmish fire was kept up in front 
 of the Ninth Corps, while to the right and the left of the line the pickets were 
 on amicable terms. Notwithstanding all the precautions as to secrecy taken by 
 
312 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 the Union officers, the enemy was not unaware that some such operation was 
 being prosecuted. The artillerymen in the enemy's fort, lying with their ears 
 to the ground, could distinctly hear the work going on beneath them. The Union 
 pickets themselves, aware of the undertaking only by vague rumor, occasionally 
 threw out vague hints, such as " Johnny, you're going to heaven soon," or " We're 
 going to blow you up next week," etc. 
 
 The Confederate engineers, evidently placing no reliance in the informa- 
 tion coming from the rank and file, seemed uncertain as to the location of the 
 mine, and after making two or three attempts to countermine at dififerent points, 
 abandoned their efforts and awaited further developments. The plan of assault 
 was that upon the explosion of the mine a fierce cannonading was to open all 
 along the Union line upon the enemy's works, thus keeping them fullv employed, 
 and preventing the withdrawal of any troops to reinforce the part of the line 
 to be destroyed by the explosion of the enemy's fort. Then, before the Con- 
 federates could recover from the consternation and confusion which the ex- 
 plosion of the mine and the sudden burst of a tremendous artillery fire would 
 naturally create, a strong assaulting column from the Ninth Corps would advance 
 rapidly through the gap created by the explosion, passing to the right and left 
 of the wrecked fort, to the crest of the ridge beyond, known as Cemetery Hill, 
 which completely commanded the city of Petersburg, and which was the key 
 to the extensive fortifications encircling the city. This fort that was to be blown 
 up formed a salient in the enemy's line, and was the same in the moats of which 
 many of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth had taken refuge until darkness en- 
 abled them to escape, in the famous charge and repulse on the 18th of June. 
 The space between the fort and the Union line over which the storming columns 
 would have to advance to reach the fort was about one hundred and fifty yards. 
 
 To render success more probable. Genera! Grant, on the "26th and 27th, sent 
 two divisions of the Second and the Nineteenth Corps, with Sheridan's Cavalry, 
 across the James river to join with the Tenth Corps in a determined attack in 
 front of Richmond, to distract the attention of the enemy and draw their troops 
 away from the works in front of Petersburg. On the SOth. the gunboats on the 
 James river joined in the attack, and Lee's suspicions being fully aroused that a 
 serious assault upon his right was really impending, sent all his available troops 
 from Petersburg to defend his menaced right flank. This was the opportunity 
 Grant desired. Soon after dark on the 29th of July, ISG-t, all the troops that 
 were to take part in the Union assault were placed in position. Ledlie's Division 
 of the Ninth Corps was to lead in the advance, followed by Wilcox's and Pot- 
 ter's Divisions of the same Corps. These troops were to be supported by the 
 Eighteenth and the Second Corps on the right and the Fifth Corps on the left. 
 The troops that had been sent across the James quietly returned during the night. 
 The fuse was to be lit in the mine at half-past three on the morning of the 30th. 
 Promptly at the time specified the match was applied to the fuse, but after wait- 
 ing a reasonable time no explosion occurred, and it was decided that the fuse 
 at some point was defective. Two brave men of the Forty-eighth Pennsylvania, 
 who had toiled in the mine night and day under the direction of Colonel Pleas- 
 ants, having faith that their work was not a failure, volunteered to enter the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 313 
 
 mine and remedy the trouljle. The defect was found and repaired. The fuse 
 was lighted a second time. This faiUire of the first attempt and the consequent 
 repairing of the fuse consumed time, and the explosion did not take place until 
 a few minutes before five o'clock in the morning, when there was a deep rum- 
 ble and the earth in the neighborhood trembled as with an earthquake, and then 
 with a tremendous explosion a conical mountain, seemingly half an acre in 
 extent, rose in the air, carrying with it stones, timber, caissons, bodies and limbs 
 of men, and some of the heavy guns of the fort. Remaining poised for a mo- 
 ment, the black earth in the center streaked and serried with lightning, surrounded 
 by white smoke which still came pouring out of the volcano, the mass settled 
 back to the earth. 
 
 Of the two hundred Confederates in the fort, many still asleep, none es- 
 caped. For a moment the deepest silence prevailed ; then, as if old Chaos and all 
 the thunderbolts of heaven were being hurled into that living Golgotha, one hun- 
 dred heavy siege guns and seventy thousand muskets from the Union works, in 
 compliance with the previous orders, opened fire upon the enemy's line. The 
 Confederate troops in the works for nearly a quarter of a mile on both sides of 
 the exploded fort left their positions, fleeing in terror from the wholly unexpected 
 sight so much resembling the Day of Judgment. A great gateway to Cemetery 
 Ridge and Petersburg was opened up, and surely Grant will lay a strong hand 
 on Petersburg to-day. But why does not the Union storming column advance? 
 Finally, after a waste of mucli precious time, Ledlie's Division of Burnside's 
 Corps slowly advances — hesitates — halts — finally advances again as far as the 
 crater, and again halts, blocking the way for the other divisions of the Ninth 
 Corps. An hour passes. Where is Burnside, the commander of the Corps? 
 Why does not Ledlie advance to the crest? Generals Grant and Meade were 
 both at the scene of action. To General Meade's peremptory order to Burnside 
 to advance, the latter replied that there were difficulties. What were the diffi- 
 culties? He could not specify any. 
 
 Is it any wonder that, under the circumstances, the troops of Ledlie's Divis- 
 ion yielded to the calls of humanity, and entered the crater to render assistance 
 to the torn and shattered fragments of human beings still alive, half buried in 
 the debris, and begging piteously for help? — "For God's sake, a little water! 
 Yanks, have mercy, take me out: I'll do as much for you some time! " This re- 
 sponse to the calls of humanit}- was ruinous, for it gave time to the enemy to 
 recover from the panic into which they had been thrown by the unexpected 
 catastrophe. 
 
 " But," says this distinguished Confederate author. Honorable John S. Wise, 
 " If Burnside was deficient on the aggressive, the Confederate officer in command 
 of the Division defending the position, was a Roland for his Oliver. * * * 
 Bushrod Johnson held the rank of Major-General. He selected headquarters at a 
 house in the rear of the lines, and there he remained vegetating, without any 
 friendly intercourse with his command. When General Lee, some hours after the 
 mine had been exploded, reached General Johnson's headquarters, Johnson knew no 
 •details of the disaster, or of the dispositions made to repair it, although it was his 
 own Division that was involved, and the enemy over the hill was not four hundred 
 
314 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 yards distant. If the enemy had pressed forward at any time within two hours 
 after the explosion, they would in all probability have found General Bushrod 
 Johnson in bed. When General Lee arrived about eight o'clock, he found him 
 actually ignorant of the peril." 
 
 The stupidity — or whatever it might be called — which occasioned the delay 
 of three hours in taking advantage of the opportunity to capture Petersburg 
 created by the explosion of the mine, was fatal to the project; for it gave the 
 enemy time to recover from the stupor occasioned by the explosion. The fierce 
 fire from several batteries which the Confederate General, Haskell, had by that 
 time placed in position on Cemetery Ridge, now poured upon the unfortunate 
 Union troops huddled like sheep in and around the crater, aggravated the hor- 
 rors of the scene. It was now impossible for the Union troops in that vicinity 
 either to advance or to retreat, and the officers lost all control of their com- 
 mands. The carnage was beyond description. The victims were crushed in the 
 very jaws of Death itself. From the time of the explosion to its close, Generals 
 Grant and Meade were on the ground, and both Generals Warren and Ayres 
 occupying works and whose troops were in line of battle requested to be allowed 
 to lead their men to the charge, but Grant and ]Meade refused. At nine o'clock 
 General Meade ordered Burnside to withdraw his troops, but it was two o'clock 
 in the afternoon before the order was executed. 
 
 The detailed description of the mine explosion and its deplorable conse- 
 quences is only adverted to in the history of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, because of the Regiment's participation with 
 the Fifth Corps in firing at the enemy's line opposite, and also from their desire 
 to follow their leader. General Warren, had his request to be allowed to leave 
 the breastworks and charge the enemy's defenses opposite, been granted. 
 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth maintained its position without change 
 amid the bomb-proofs until the 18th of August, undergoing daily inspection, and 
 house-cleaning to keep and promote proper sanitary conditions in its cramped 
 quarters, varying this daily routine with the use of the shovel and pick. The 
 mortar plants on both sides went through their daily and nightly performances, 
 keeping the men in the trenches dodging to avoid the falling aerolites. During 
 this period there was much good-natured badgering indulged in between the foes. 
 " Grant's Petersburg Express " sent a great many iron messages into Peters- 
 burg, especially the lower part of the city, in the neighborhood of the railroad 
 bridge over the Appomattox. Life in the trenches at this time was very monoto- 
 nous and unpleasant, the heat and flies preventing sleep in the daytime, and 
 digging in the trenches at night allowing no time for it. 
 
 CAPTURE OF WeLDOX RaILROAD. 
 
 On the 18th of August, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and Fifth Corps, 
 being relieved in the trenches by other troops, marched out and started on another 
 flanking movement to the left. In referring to movements to the left, the reader 
 will understand the left flank or end of the Army of the Potomac and the right 
 flank or end of Lee's army is meant. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 315 
 
 Griffin's Division being in advance, Ix'ing preceded by a brigade of cavalry, 
 niarcbed in the direction of the W'eldon Railroad, and between seven and eight 
 o'clock in the mornitig strnck the railroad at Six Mile Station. 
 
 The One Hnndred and Fifty-fifth and Griffin's Division at once began tear- 
 ing np the track, while the other divisions, under Ayres. Crawford and Cutler, 
 marched up the track towards Petersburg, driving the enemy's skirmishers before 
 them until the Union troops were within two and one-half miles of the city. At 
 this point the Confederates of Hill's Corps, under Heath and Mahone, were 
 encountered double-quicking down the railroad from Petersburg. The two 
 divisions under Ayres and Crawford formed in line of battle at right angles to 
 the railroad, in the open fields, Ayres being on the left of the railroad and Craw- 
 ford on the right. About 'i P. M. the enemy emerged from the woods immediately 
 in front, and made one of their usual impetuous charges upon the Union line, 
 forcing it half a mile down the road to the Yellow, or Globe Tavern ; but the 
 Fourth Division, under Cutler, advancing rapidly to the support of Ayres and 
 Crawford, tfanked the enemy's line on the left. This turned the tide of the bat- 
 tle, and the enemy was repulsed. The Union forces now began throwing up 
 earthworks, and by daybreak on the lilth were strongly intrenched. The rain 
 fell in torrents during the night, and the enemy, fearing an advance of the 
 Union forces, kept up a vigorous shelling the entire night, making the work of 
 intrenching very arduous and dangerous. 
 
 It was not considered jirobable that General Lee would consent to give up 
 one of his most important railway lines of communication without a determined 
 effort to retake it. Steps were immediately taken by Grant to reinforce the 
 Fifth Corps under Warren, and connect the earthworks just constructed with the 
 Union main line on the right. The Ninth Corps, having arrived in the vicinity 
 on the morning of the IDtii. and connection having been made with the Fifth 
 Corps on the right, the whole line, preceded by a heavy line of skirmishers, ad- 
 vanced .slowlv in the direction of Petersburg, throwing up intrenchments as they 
 advanced. No opposition was felt until alx)Ut ten o'clock, when the enemy 
 was encountered, in force, and the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and the Fifth 
 Corps, under \\'arren, prepared for a fierce resistance. About four o'clock in 
 the afternoon, in the midst of a heavy downpour of rain, the enemy under Heth, 
 yelling like demons, made a furious dash upon the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth and (iriffin's Division, capturing the advanced picket line and the strongly 
 intrencfied skirmish line, driving the pickets and skirmishers back upon the main 
 line. Here, however, the Confederates received a bloody repulse, not without, 
 however, having inflicted a heavy loss upon the Brigade of United States Regu- 
 lars under General Joseph Ha>es, who was among the wounded and captured. 
 
 The Fifth Corps, under Warren, maintained its line without change of posi- 
 tion during the -.'Dth, amid severe cannonading but no general fighting. On the 
 21st. however, the enemy renewed the attack on the Union lines, driving in the 
 skirmishers and advancing again and again to the charge, but always receiving 
 bloody repulses. On the ^Sd reconnoitering parties were sent out, and the 
 enemy was discovered busily engaged in intrenching about three miles from 
 Petersburg. The Corps headquarters of General Warren were then established 
 
316 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 at the Yellow Globe Tavern, a strong skirmish line was established by the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and other regiments, and the troops went to work 
 industriously with the spade, in the use of which they were becoming adepts. 
 
 During this fierce contest for the possession of the Weldon Railroad, it was 
 supposed that the enemy's heaviest attack would be made on the left of the 
 Union line occupied by Griffin's Division, in an endeavor to flank the Fifth Corps 
 and drive it oft" the railroad. The Second Brigade, with the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania, forming the left of Griffin's Division, it was supposed, 
 would receive the brunt of the assault ; but the enemy, in charging on Griffin's 
 Division, on account of some obstruction in the way, always obliqued to the right, 
 thus shifting the force of its attack upon the right of Griffin's Division and upon 
 the other divisions of the Fifth Corps. For this reason, the losses of the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth were much lighter than they might have been had the 
 Confederate's columns reached the Union line at the points aimed at when their 
 advance commenced. 
 
 GROUP AT CORPS HEADQUARTERS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 317 
 
 Chapter XV. 
 
 HATCHER'S RUN.— \\ELDON RAILROAD RAID. 
 
 Confederate General Hampton's Cavalry Raid in Rear of Union Army. — 
 Pickets in Front of One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Attacked by Enemy. 
 — Cavalry Reconnoissance in Direction of South Side Railroad. — Regi- 
 ment Supports Cavalry on Squirrel Level Road. — Engagement at Chap- 
 man's Farm. — Battle of Peeble's Farm. — Capture of Fort McRae by 
 Griffin's Division. — One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Colors First Planted 
 on Enemy's Works. — Farewell Serjion of Chaplain J. M. Mateer. — Orders 
 TO Pack Up and Break Camp. — Enemy Encountered in Strong Force at 
 Hatcher's Run. — Fifth Corps Regains Its Former Quarters. — Sutlers' 
 Stores. — Weldon Railroad Raid. — Destruction of Track. — Contrabands. — 
 Bushwhackers and Guerrillas Foraging. — -Apple Jack and Peach Brandy. 
 — Sussex Court House Burned. — Regiment Goes Into Winter Quarters. — 
 Griffin's Division on March to Left. — Engagement at Dabney's Mills. 
 — Engagement of Second Hatcher's Run. — Lieutenant-Colonel Ewing 
 
 WouNDED.^ — Casualties. 
 
 Successful Cattle Raid by Hampton's Cavalry. 
 
 |ERY early on the morning of the loth of September, 1864, General 
 Grant received reports from the Union cavalry outposts that a 
 mysterious movement of Confederate cavalry was taking place on 
 the left of the Fifth Corps. A reconnoitering force composed of 
 several regiments of Union cavalry and a brigade of infantry was 
 sent out towards the Vaughan Road running nearly south from Petersburg. 
 The enemy's outpost lines were broken through and the country traversed in 
 various directions, and although Dearing's Confederate Cavalry was encoun- 
 tered and a slight brush took place, the reconnoissance could obtain no knowledge 
 of anything alarming, yet one of the most brilliant, daring and successful raids 
 of the war was being made by the Confederate cavalry leader. General Wade 
 Hampton. Setting out from Reams' Station on the Weldon Railroad, and 
 making a wide detour of the Union left. General Hampton, with his Confederate 
 cavalry and two batteries, appeared suddenly early on the morning of the 16th 
 of September, 1864, in the rear of the center of the Army of the Potomac. One 
 of Hampton's regiments, dressed in Union cavalry uniforms, relieved the Union 
 pickets, thus making the surprise more complete. His object was to seize a herd 
 of twenty-five hundred beef cattle pasturing southeast of Petersburg, near Syca- 
 
318 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 319 
 
 more Church. The attack was so sudden and the surprise so complete that 
 Spear"s Union Cavalry Brigade, which was picketing the locality, was driven 
 away by the Confederates, and two regiments, the Thirteenth Pennsylvania 
 and the First District of Columbia Cavalry, stampeded, the latter Regiment, with 
 all its horses, arms, equipments, wagons and camp paraphernalia being captured. 
 It is also related that General Grant and his staff, whose headquarters were close 
 by, narrowly escaped being among the trophies of the daring Confederate cavalry 
 leader. 
 
 As soon as this great herd of cattle, with their herdsmen, guards, etc., were 
 secured and driven ahead. General Hampton and his troopers set out on their 
 return to the Confederate lines. General Kautz and Gregg's Union Cavalry 
 Divisions soon followed in rapid pursuit, continuing as far as Belcher's Mill, on 
 the Jerusalem Plank Road, where the Confederates, under Rosser and Dearing, 
 made a stand, holding the Union cavalry at bay while the other portions of 
 Hampton's columns moved leisurely off with the cattle. In addition to the 
 •cattle herd, Hampton carried off three hundred prisoners, two hundred mules 
 and thirty-two wagons ; also a telegraphic construction corps of forty men, with 
 their trains and twentv miles of wire. 
 
 Attack on Union Picket Line. 
 
 The more effectively to conceal this raid of Hampton's cavalry, the Con- 
 federates, early on the morning of the 16th of September, made a fierce attack 
 upon the pickets all along the line of the Fifth Corps, driving many of them 
 into the intrenchments. The 'attack in front of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth continued for more than an hour, but the L^nion pickets succeeded in re- 
 pulsing the enemy. When the firing began on the picket line, the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth was called to arms, and the companies stacked their muskets in 
 the company streets to await the result of the attack upon the pickets. While 
 the Regiment was thus marshalled, a large black snake was seen to protrude its 
 "head and neck from a hollow limb of a large oak tree in the camp, and a mem- 
 ber of Company H. with an ax, climbed the tree to cut ofif the limb. Sitting 
 astride the limb, with his back against the trunk of the tree, the soldier at- 
 tempted to sever the limb between himself and the hole in which the snake was 
 concealed. The strokes of the ax jarring the limb, caused the snake to poke 
 Tiis head out of the hole and attempt to escape. The axman using the handle of 
 his ax as a club, battled with the reptile to drive it into the hole again. This 
 imique battle was kept up half an hour before the limb was finally severed from 
 the tree and the serpent dispatched. During the progress of this snake fight 
 more interest was displayed in it by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth than in 
 the expected attack of the enemy. 
 
 Engagement at Chapin's Farm. 
 
 On the 29th of September, 1864, a reconnoissance was made by Gregg's 
 •cavalry towards the left front of Griffin's Division, in the direction of the South- 
 
320 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 side Railroad. In the afternoon of that day it was evident, from the heavy can- 
 nonading in that direction, that the Union cavalry had come into contact with the 
 enemy in force. In the meantime, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, having re- 
 ceived orders to " pack up," moved, about five o'clock p. m., a short distance on 
 the Squirrel Level Road, then turning to the right on a narrow country road, ad- 
 vanced a mile, where it formed in line of battle to support the cavalry. The 
 latter fell back through the lines of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, pursued 
 by the enemy. After a slight skirmish, the Confederates, finding that they were 
 fighting with infantry, fell back. The Regiment remained in position until 
 darkness set in, and then marched back to its old camp. This skirmish was 
 known as the battle of Chapin's Farm. 
 
 The Action at Peeble's Farm. 
 
 Earlv on the morning of the 30th of September. Griffin's Division returned 
 to its position of the evening before, and with cavalry skirmishers in front, ad- 
 vanced about a mile. At this point the enemy's skirmish line proving too strong 
 for the cavalry. Griffin's Infantry Division formed in line of battle, and advancing 
 slowly, pressed the enemy's skirmish line in a northwesterly direction. The 
 Confederate artillery, supporting their skirmish line, seemed to have a good 
 range as to distance, but their shells burst high in the air, doing but little damage. 
 As Griffin's Division descended into a deep, heavily-wooded ravine, the enemy's 
 shells cut down trees eight to ten inches thick, in the vicinity of the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth. Several short halts were made in this ravine to straighten 
 the alignment of the advancing columns. 
 
 After crossing a small stream at the bottom of the ravine, Griffin's Division 
 threw out a strong line of skirmishers, and awaited developments. The skirmish- 
 ers met with little resistance, advanced up to the crest of the ridge on the opposite 
 side of the valley, until reaching the open space beyond the crest, where they 
 were met by a furious enfilading fire from an unseen foe lurking in the woods 
 on the left front. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth skirmishers were well pro- 
 tected by large oak trees, and the Confederate skirmishers, while making very 
 close shots, failed to repulse them. This cleared space, known as Peeble's Farm, 
 was of several hundred acres in extent and entirely inclosed by a fringe of forest 
 on four sides. The ground descended slightly from the edge of the woods in 
 which the Union troops were located to the middle of the plantation occupied by 
 the homestead, barn and numerous ovitbuildings. then gradually ascended to the 
 farther side of the farm. On commanding ridges on the opposite side of these 
 fields, half a mile distant, was discovered a Confederate redoubt called Fort 
 McRae, containing several rifled guns, and connecting on either side with lines 
 of well constructed intrenchments erected by Confederates, having a clear sweep 
 of the entire open ground of this farm. Across this space, a thousand yards wide. 
 Griffin's Division was to charge on the enemy's works. 
 
 Capture of Fort McRak. 
 
 As the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth line of liattle advanced to and joined 
 the skirmishers on the edge of the plantation, the fire from the enemy's position 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 3->l 
 
 became furious. For some reason, the Regiment advanced on the charge before 
 orders to do so were given. As the troops, with loud cheers, started on the 
 " double-quick " into the open ground, Colonel A. L. Pearson, commanding the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, who had dismounted, shouted to the men to 
 ■■ halt." Finding he could not make himself heard, the Colonel, with an oath,, 
 exclaimed, " Well, if you will go, then go! " and starting after, was soon in the 
 midst of the charging column. This assault of Grififin's Division on Fort McRae 
 and the enemy's breastworks was to have been made in three lines, one behind 
 another: but if the charge was so made, the lines soon became intermingled as 
 one line. Color-Sergeant Thomas J. Marlin, of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth, seeing that the color-bearer of another regiment of Griffin's Division was 
 likely to reach the Confederate works sooner than he, called on Corporal Thos. 
 Anderson, of Company I, to assist him, and the two planted the colors of the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth on the enemy's works ahead of all the other regi- 
 ments of Griffin's Division. \\'hen the charging column had approached to 
 within one hundred yards of the enemy's intrenchments, the cannoniers in Fort 
 AIcRae were seen limbering up their guns and hooking on their horses, and when 
 the Union troops surged up over the breastworks like a huge, resistless billow, the 
 Confederates had made good their escape, leaving but one gun and fifty or sixty 
 prisoners in the hands of Griffin's victorious troops. 
 
 A half-hour later Potter's Division, of the Ninth Corps, marched through 
 the captured works in pursuit of the retreating enemy. An hour later heavy 
 musketry and cannonading in the direction taken by the Ninth Corps announced 
 the fact that they had overtaken the foe ; but as the tumult became louder and 
 nearer, it also became evident that the Confederates were the victors. Shortly 
 after the advance of the Ninth Corps in pursuit of the enemy and their ap- 
 parent repulse, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth which with the Third Brigade 
 had been massed near the spot where they had crossed the enemy's works, with 
 Colonel Pearson leading, double-quicked to the left a short distance, with the 
 enemy's bullets humming over their heads and through their ranks. The Regi- 
 ment then charged through the woods to a field beyond, encountering the enem)^ 
 flushed with victory, advancing to re-capture their lost works. It appears that 
 after passing through the captured works and advancing some distance. Potter's 
 Division of the Ninth Corps formed in line of battle and advanced until checked 
 by the enemy in a strong line of works on a hill half a mile further on. Endeav- 
 oring to carry this position, the Ninth Corps Division sufifered a severe repulse, 
 and being thrown into confusion, allowed a gap in their lines to be created, 
 through which the Confederates threw a strong flanking force, dispersing Potter's 
 Division, and capturing more than fifteen hundred prisoners. Sweeping onward 
 this flanking force of the enemy endeavored to re-capture their lost works at 
 Peeble's Farm, and it was this force that the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, as 
 already de.scribed, under Colonel Pearson, encountered and drove back. The 
 other troops of Griffin's Division, with a batter}-, soon came to the support of the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, and a hot engagement ensued, lasting until dark- 
 ness put an end to the strife. For more than an hour during this engagement, the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth lay on the ground loading and firing, directly in 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
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UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 3-^3 
 
 front of the guns of Griffin's battery, which fired over tlie heads of the prostrate 
 Regiment, a position which finally became exceedingly uncomfortable, when this 
 batter_v became engaged in a duel with a Confederate battery which had got the 
 range. When night came on and the firing ceased, the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth, using their bayonets and tin-plates, threw up light intrenchments of earth. 
 The next day, the artillery firing on both sides was kept up all day, with few 
 casualties in the Regiment, 
 
 IXTREXCHIXG OPERATION'S ReXEWED. 
 
 On October 1, 1864, the One Hundred and Fiftv-hfth moved nearly a mile to 
 
 REV. JOS. MATEER, D.D. 
 Chaplain. 1863-4. 
 
 the right, along the captured works, and began the work of changing them into 
 Union defenses. On the ^d of October, because of some threatening movements 
 of the enemy, the Regiment was moved back to the position which it had occu- 
 pied on the afternoon and evening of the 30th of September. Beyond a severe 
 shelling by the enemy, only skirmish firing took place. In the afternoon of the 
 '?d the Regiment again moved to the right, taking a position nearly half a mile 
 in advance of the enemy's works captured on the liOth ult., and for several davs 
 labored hard in the construction of new defenses, with plenty of slashed timber 
 in front. 
 
 On October 7, 18(14, a recruit of Company H, who had been with the Regi- 
 
3-34 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 ment only five days, becoming demoralized with fear when assigned to picket 
 duty, committed suicide by shooting himself through the head while on his post 
 forty or fifty rods in advance of the breastworks. 
 
 On October 8, 1864, the picket line of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was 
 advanced half a mile, the Regiment in line of battle supporting the movement. 
 From the 8th to the 3Gth of October, 186-4, no event of unusual importance oc- 
 curred to the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. Comfortable quarters had been 
 erected, and the men daily performed the common routine duties of camp, such 
 as guard-mount, inspections, sending out details to build new fortifications, 
 strengthen old ones, etc. 
 
 On October 33, 1864, the Regimental Chaplain, Reverend J. M. Mateer, D. D., 
 preached his farewell sermon to the Regiment, General Gregory, of the Ninety- 
 first Pennsylvania, who had a few days previous been promoted to a Brigadier- 
 Generalship, taking an active part in the services. Chaplain Mateer's resignation 
 was greatly regretted by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. His Christian char- 
 acter was fully exemplified by his frequent visits and ministrations to the sick 
 and wounded of the Regiment in the field hospitals. In the camp many a sol- 
 dier's pathway was made smoother by the kindly advice of this simple-hearted 
 Christian minister who sought only to do the Master's will. Frequently before 
 battles. Chaplain Mateer became the repository of the money, valuables, memen- 
 toes and letters of members of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, to be sent, in the 
 event of their falling in battle, to relations and friends in the distant North. The 
 trust thus reposed in him was always faithfully executed, and the burden of many 
 a grief was lightened by the comforting words accompanying these messages. 
 
 As this season of the year in Virginia, the fields and lanes contained an 
 abundance of persimmon trees, the fruit of which was now ripe, and the forests 
 a plentiful crop of wild fox grapes, of moderate size and good flavor ; but the men 
 of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, not being permitted either by their officers 
 or by the enemy, to roam the country at will, were compelled to forego the for- 
 bidden fruit. The outlying pickets were more fortunate in this respect, as they 
 occasionally gathered (piantitics of delicious fruit. 
 
 Action at Hatcher's Run. 
 
 On the 3(ith of October. 1864, orders to pack up and break camp were re- 
 ceived, and at an early hour on the 3Tth of October, 1864, the Regiment, com- 
 manded by Colonel A. L. Pearson, marched out of their works, near Peeble's 
 Farm, and with other regiments of the Second Brigade, took its place in the 
 columns of Griffin's Division, to attempt by another flank movement to get a grip 
 on the Southside Railroad. Soon after passing through the Union picket line, 
 the enemy's outposts were reached and their pickets driven two or three miles into 
 their first line of works. Here the Confederates were encountered in strong 
 force. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth doubtless were ready to renew the at- 
 tempt to route them had the Regiment been ordered to charge on the works. In- 
 deed, several of the most adventurous spirits of the Regiment did advance to 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 335 
 
 and mounted to the top of the enemy's defenses, and narrowly escaped being 
 killed or captured for their rashness. 
 
 Corporal George Clever, with some comrades of Company K, approached 
 the hostile works without being discovered, the Corporal mounting to the top of 
 the parapet. The enemy, not expecting an attack, had been paying but little 
 attention to their front, and when Clever appeared upon the parapet, they were 
 very much surprised, a Confederate officer exclaiming, " Look at the damned 
 Yankee! Shoot him! Shoot him! " causing the Corporal to make a hasty retreat. 
 Finding that probably no attempt would be made to assault the Confederate line, 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth threw up light earthworks, whicli they occupied 
 continuously until noon of the ISth of October, being under a desultory fire 
 from the enemy the entire time. 
 
 At this point on Hatcher's Run, the Fifth Corps was formed in three lines 
 of battle. Griffin's Division being on the second line. During the period of the 
 enemy's hottest fire, a New York regiment of fresh troops in the first line of 
 battle, becoming panic-stricken, on the opening of the battle, made a rush through 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth for the rear, many throwing away in their flight 
 guns, accoutrements and knapsacks. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, having 
 before the Wilderness campaign, relieved themselves of all superfluous baggage, 
 joyously availed themselves of this opportunity to secure a fresh supply of over- 
 coats and well-stocked knapsacks, which, in many cases, they refused afterwards 
 to restore to their original owners. 
 
 It was learned later that the Second Corps, which was still further to the 
 left than the Fifth Corps, had been unable, because of the impenetrable forests 
 and marshes, to secure a favorable position to connect with Warren's troops, and 
 as the enemy's fortifications were being rapidly manned with strong re-enforce- 
 ments, an assault was deemed impracticable, and the Union troops were with- 
 drawn. The previous night had been cold and wet, causing considerable sufifer- 
 ing among the troops, and it was with much rejoicing that the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, on the 28th of October, marched back to their former comfortable 
 cuarters in the intrenchments. 
 
 Camp Life. — Incidents. 
 
 During the autumn just ending, the C)ne Flundred and Fifty-fifth, in its vari- 
 ous movements, was never settled in a camp longer than a day until the Regi- 
 mental .sutler pitched his tent and displayed his enticing wares for sale. A plenti- 
 ful supply of tobacco, both for chewing and smoking, could always be obtained 
 from the sutler's store at a very moderate price. If a youth had never been ad- 
 dicted to the use of tobacco at home, it rec|uired but a short period after enlist- 
 ment for him to acquire a taste for the weed. The articles of food kept in stock 
 by the sutler was a decided variance from L'ncle Sam's fare, and had it not been 
 for high prices and lack of money, the soldiers might have enjoyed many home 
 luxuries. Butter was in greatest demand as a luxury to be used on the good 
 soft bread rations issued by the Government to the troops when in camp, and 
 eighty cents to a dollar a pound was not considered a high price for it, as being 
 
326 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 of a much stronger quality than the home 
 article, a much smaller (|uantity of it 
 sufhced. 
 
 About the 1st of November, 1864, 
 the One Hudnred and Fifty-fifth was 
 transferred to the Third Brigade of the 
 First Division of the Fifth Corps, with 
 Brigadier-General Joseph J. Bartlett, a 
 brave and popular officer, as commander 
 of the Brigade. Life in the trenches, 
 camps and marches, drills and inspections 
 continued daily during this month. 
 
 Along in the first days of December, 
 1864, the hopes of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth of being ordered to go 
 into permanent winter quarters, were 
 much disturbed by rumors of another 
 rlank movement by the Fifth Corps to- 
 ward the Southside Railroad. The move- 
 ment of the Sixth Corps to the rear of the 
 Fifth Corps seemed a confirmation of 
 these camp rumors : and when orders 
 were received by the Regiment to " pack up," no surprise was felt. In the mean- 
 time, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth were delighted to learn that Colonel Pear- 
 son had received a commission as Brevet Brigadier-General and Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Ewing as Brevet Colonel, on recommendation of General Meade. fi:>r 
 gallant and meritorious conduct in the field. 
 
 BRIG.-GEN. JOSEPH J. BARTLETT. 
 
 The W'eldox Railroad Raid. 
 
 On the 6th of December. 1864, the Fifth Corps, including the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth, broke camp, and massed in the rear near the Jerusalem 
 Plank Road, with a division of the Second Corps, and Gregg's Division of cav- 
 alry, comprising in all about twenty thousand men, with twenty-two pieces of 
 artillery. The massing of these troops on the Jerusalem Plank Road dispelled 
 the idea of another " flank movement " to the left. The supplying of the troops 
 with four days' rations, and the news that the supply trains carried additional 
 supplies of rations for eight days, as usual in such cases caused much conjecture 
 among the troops as to the destination of the impending movement. When, after 
 a wet, disagreeable night, the troops started at daybreak southward on the 
 Jerusalem Plank Road, rumor became busy and word spread that the destina- 
 tion of this strong force was \\'ilmington. North Carolina, which town, the in- 
 genious reporters asserted, was to be stormed by this expedition in the rear, 
 whilst the L'nited States navy made a front attack. A march of about fifteen 
 miles brought the Fifth Corps column near to Freeman's Bridge across the 
 Nottoway river. Before reaching the bridge, the column filed to the right on a 
 
UNDER THE AIALTESE CROSS. 3•^r 
 
 country road, crossing the Nottoway a mile above the bridge at a ford about 
 three feet deep. The Union cavalry forded the stream, and the infantry crossed 
 on pontoons without any delay, the entire force being on the south side of the 
 river before dark. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth bivotiacked about half way 
 between Sussex Court House and the Nottoway. Early on the morning of the 
 8th of December, lS6-i, the cohmm passed through the former place, marching 
 in a southwesterly direction toward the North Carolina State line. Late in the 
 afternoon the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth with the other troops reached the 
 Weldon Railroad and immediately began tearing up the track, continuing the 
 work of destruction until midnight. The rails were twisted from the ties, the 
 latter piled up in square heaps and fires kindled, and the rails placed across the 
 top. When the latter became heated to a degree that the ends sagged down, they 
 were twisted by the troops around the trees that fringed the track, thus render- 
 ing them forever useless for railroad purposes. As night set in, the long line 
 of burning ties, extending for miles along the straight track, presented a most 
 beautiful sight. 
 
 The following day the column, still moving southward, continued to destroy 
 the track in the same manner, until reaching Uellefield on the Aleherran river, 
 nearly forty miles south of Petersburg. Before reaching Bellefield, distant some 
 three miles, the troops encountered the enemy in some force at a small stream 
 called Three Creek. Having burned the railroad bridge, this force disputed the 
 passage of the stream. However, a Federal battery having opened upon the 
 enemy's position, attracted their attention while the Tenth New York Regiment 
 forded the stream and flanked their position, the Confederates falling back to 
 Bellefield. Hicksford, across the river from Bellefield, was discovered to be well 
 protected by strong defensive works, well manned by militia and a part of 
 Hampton'? Confederate cavalry. The place was not considered of sufificient 
 strategic importance to warrant the loss of life the taking of the position might 
 occasion. A severe engagement later took place and Warren's troops were sub- 
 jected to a very hot fire from the hostile works, but the enemy was finally driven 
 from them, only to occupy another stronger position beyond the town. 
 
 Return from Weldon Railroad Raid. 
 
 On the morning of December 10, 186i, General Warren ordered a return 
 march to the L'nion lines to commence. This was a great disappointment to the 
 troops, as the work of destruction in which they had been engaged for the last 
 two days was quite exciting, and they were more than willing to continue it. 
 But the reconnoissance ordered by General Grant, to be conducted by General 
 Warren's Corps, had been successful, and hence its return to the main line. 
 
 The Weldon Railroad had been destroyed by the Union cavalry in June 
 previous, to a point twelve or fifteen miles south of Petersburg, but the road was 
 still used by the Confederates as far North as Stony Creek Station, in conveying 
 supplies to Lee's army, wagon trains being used to convey military stores across 
 a comparatively level country to the Southside Railroad for re-shipment to 
 Petersburg. General Grant's design in sending out Warren's expedition was to 
 
:.i-^s UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 ■destroy the railroad so far south as to render it useless as a means of communi- 
 cation with the Confederate Capital, and in this duty the Corps had been 
 successful. 
 
 Ever since starting on this raid on the 6th of December, the weather had 
 been very wet and disagreeable ; but now the increasing cold terminated in storms 
 of sleet and snow, making the roads almost impassible for the trains and troops. 
 Much suffering from exposure occurred, but the troops made few complaints. 
 The wagon and artillery trains occupied the highways, while the troops marched 
 on their flanks through muddy fields, forests and swamps as guards. Negroes 
 from all directions left their masters and flocked to the protection of the Union 
 troops, among them old men and women and little children, and as soon as a 
 wagon of the supply train was emptied of its contents, it was filled with negro 
 mothers with their childhen. So tightly were they packed into the canvas-covered 
 wagons that little woolly heads often protruded from every crack and crevice in 
 the cover, reminding one of the " Old woman who lived in a shoe." 
 
 On the return, the enemy's cavalry followed the Union column and en- 
 deavored to harrass the rear, but did not cause much trouble. On the 12th of 
 December. 1864, Warren's expedition reached the Union lines in safety, though 
 much exhausted from the forced marches and severe winter weather. 
 
 iNCrOENTS OF THE R.\ID. 
 
 During the progress of this expedition, known in general history as the 
 Weldon Railroad Raid. General Warren issued strict orders prohibiting foraging 
 or the committing of depredations by the troops upon the inoffending non-com- 
 "batants along the route of march. Learning, however, that these supposedly 
 peaceful inhabitants, in many cases, were engaging in bushwhacking and murder- 
 ing stragglers who were unable to keep up with the colunm. Warren withdrew his 
 orders against foraging, and the troops, taking advantage of the license, soon 
 became possessed of all sorts of household articles. The principal forage, how- 
 ever, gathered in h\ the troops consisted of hogs, turkeys, chickens, flour, sweet 
 potatoes, with honey and jams and jellies as accessories. " Apple-jack " and 
 peach brandy, another bi-product of that part of X'irginia, was discovered in lib- 
 eral quantities, many of the troops soon showing the hilarious eflfects of the bev- 
 erages. Few of the troops in this expedition had ever tasted the distillations 
 known as " Apple-jack " and " Peach Brandy " — many had never even heard the 
 name — consequently, being unaware of the intoxicating qualities of these se- 
 ductive beverages and finding them delicious to the taste, drank copiously of the 
 same. Being well aged, these liquors were quick in action and lasting in their 
 -effects : and hundreds of the troops, becoming intoxicated, were unable to keep 
 up with the column in the forced marching. Many were captured by guerrillas ; 
 some were bushwhacked by the inhabitants, and, no doubt, a number perished 
 from exposure. 
 
 Cofl:'eepots were hastilv rinsed and used as vessels in which to stew chickens 
 or turkeys. Fresh pork found its way into the frying pan so quickly that many 
 of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth declared they felt the animals still kicking 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 33!> 
 
 as they swallowed the meat. A member of Company H, seeking flour to thicken 
 his chicken broth, visited a plantation, where he was quickly surrounded by a 
 troop of negro children of various ages, sizes and shades of color, all eager to 
 inform him where everything was to be found. An old negro, who seemed to 
 be manager about the place, solemnly informed the forager that there was not 
 an ounce of flour on the premises, but that the warehouse contained an abun- 
 dance of corn-meal. Compelled by necessity to accept the latter as a substitute 
 for flour, the soldier borrowed a sack, which he proceeded to fill with meal, 
 assisted by the aged servant. In the warehouse were several barrels of Sorghum 
 syrup, the head of one of which had been knocked out. In the swarm of colored 
 children scampering around was a lively girl of fifteen or si.xteen, who, to the- 
 delight of the other little darkies, leaned over the barrel and lapped up a mouthful 
 of the syrup with her tongue. " You can't do that again, Topsy," bantered the 
 forager. Immediately Topsy dipped her tongue a second time into the barrel, 
 and the soldier pushed her head down into the syrup. Lifting her head with a 
 jerk and sputtering molasses over everything till she caught her breath, the girl 
 shouted, " O, golly, isn't I sweet! " causing her younger companions to become 
 fairly hysterical with merriment over the scene. 
 
 On forced marches of columns of troops it is customary to halt for a rest 
 of ten minutes after each hour's march. During one of these halts on this return 
 march of Warren's troops, while the sleet was giving the ground and bushes a 
 coating of ice, a soldier belonging to some other regiment of the Third Brigade 
 passed through the column of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth resting on each 
 side of the road. The mud was ankle deep. The comrade was hatless. His 
 canteen was full of apple-brandy, and his head with the effects of it. He had ? 
 brace of chickens fastened to his belt, his gun strapped over his shoulder, and 
 a willow basket filled with honey on his head. As the joyous soldier waded 
 through the mud, perfectly indifferent to the trickling down of the honey over 
 his head and shoulders, his voice rang out in the strains of a patriotic song. The 
 One Himdred and Fifty-fifth, with hearty cheers, sped the joyful soldier on his 
 way. 
 
 Cruelties of Bushwhackers. 
 
 On the second day of this return march, the body of a murdered Union sol- 
 dier was discovered pinned to the ground by a stake driven through his mouth. 
 At Sussex Court House the bodies of half a dozen nude Union soldiers were 
 found placed side by side near the road in front of the Court House — murdered 
 by bushwhackers. In retaliation. General Warren ordered the torch to be applied 
 to the Court House and all public buildings in the village and to all barns and 
 storehouses along his line of march, and for many miles great columns of smoke 
 rising above the tree tops, within half a mile of each side of the road, and many 
 homeless families, were visible evidences of the penalty the inhabitants were 
 paying for the inhumanity of residents. Many of the population along the route 
 of march, however, showed a kindly feeling toward Warren's troops. At several 
 large homesteads the white members of the family assembled on the porches 
 and balconies to view the pageant of warriors, infantry, cavalry and artiller}' — - 
 
330 UNDER THE JNIALTESE CROSS. 
 
 perhajis tlie first they had ever seen — [lassing : while their slaves stood at the 
 roadside with buckets of spring water, handing out dipjierfuls to the thirsty sol- 
 diers as they passed by. It seemed a pity that these kindly-disposed — or at least 
 humane — peo]ile should have to sutfer for the sins of their miscreant neighbors, 
 who, in return for the jirotection alfordeil them by General \\"arren. should 
 abuse his humanity by murdering his troops from aiuhush. It was not a time 
 for discrimination, however, and General \\'arren was jierfectly justified by the 
 laws of war iu retaliating by permitting his troojis to forage at will : and when 
 these treacherous people resorted to the barbarous practice of murdering and 
 mutilating their victims,- he was fully justified in applying the torch to their 
 property. 
 
 These bushwhackers, not being nui>tered inii.i the military or regular service 
 of the Confederacy, nor in any way connected with the Confederate armies, 
 were simply cut-throats and murderers, and, if captured, were entirely outside 
 of the rules governing civilized warfare. Their trial by a drumhead court- 
 martial would have been speedily followed liy the death penalty. 
 
 Winter Ou.\rters, 1864. 
 
 On reaching the I'nion lino, in the rear of Petersburg, on December I'-ith, 
 after the \\'eldon Railroad raid, the Third Brigade filed off a short distance to 
 the left of the Jerusalem Plank Road, and late in the afternoon went into camp. 
 The night following was most dismal, the rain and sleet falling continuously all 
 night, rendering the bivouac of the troops most miserable. 
 
 About the loth of December, 1864, orders were received by the Regiment 
 to construct quarters, and the men. believing they were to spend the winter in 
 this pleasant locality far in the rear of the firing line, proceeded to build quar- 
 ters of the most elaborate and substantial character. By the 'JOth of the month 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth were housed iu the most commodious and 
 comfortable quarters they had ever occupied. The extra clothing which the 
 Regiment had packed up and sent to Washington for storage before breaking 
 camp at \\'arrenton Junction the previous spring, was now retitmed and dis- 
 tributed by the Regimental Quartermaster. Many had despaired of ever seeing 
 these articles again, and their joy and appreciation on return of same was ex- 
 pressed by many. 
 
 Contemporaneous with the movements of the Army of the Potomac dtir- 
 ing the previous autumn. General .'^herman was advancing on his famous 
 " ]\Iarch to the Sea," the progress of which was watched by the Regiment and 
 all soldiers in the Army of the Potomac with deep interest, and every scrap of 
 news reaching camp from the expedition was scanned with the greatest eager- 
 ness. The success of General Sherman and the fall of Savannah was announced 
 to the Armv of the Potomac in general orders, followed by a salute of one hun- 
 dred guns from the Union forts in front of Petersburg, causing great rejoicing 
 and cheering among the troops. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 331 
 
 Christmas axd New ^'icaks. 
 
 December 25, 1S64, Christmas Day, tlu- L'nitecl States Sanitary Commis- 
 sion, backed by the good people of the North, treated the Army of the Potomac 
 to many deHcacies. Many of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth thought the 
 distribution of the good things should have commenced with the enlisted men 
 and ended with the officers, instead of vice versa, as was the fact. After the 
 officers were supplied, each enlisted man of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth re- 
 ceived this day one large apple or two small ones. New Year's, 18G5, falling 
 upon Sunday, January ^'d was observed instead. A reception was tendered the 
 commissioned and the non-commissioned officers of the Third F>rigade by General 
 Bartlett, Brigade commander, at his headquarters. The non-commissioned of- 
 ficers of the One hundred and Fifty-fifth and of other regiments proceeded in 
 a body to pay their respects to General Warren, at his corps headc|uarters. 
 General Warren cordially welcomed their friendly visit, and feasted them 
 royally. In the afternoon the privates of the Regiment, after enjoying well 
 their feast of hardtack and one apple apiece, indulged in games of ball, boxing, 
 wrestling matches and other amusements. During this holiday period and rest- 
 ing in camp, many furloughs were granted to the Third Brigade, the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth receiving its due share. During the holidays and con- 
 tinuing the entire month of Jamiary, ISG.j, many Confederate deserters came 
 into the Union line, an indication that the Confederates were rapidly losing hope 
 of the success of their cause. These deserters, coming in often in squads of 
 five or six, declared that Lee's army was almost on the verge of demoralization 
 from starvation and exposure, and the ragged clothing and half- famished con- 
 dition of these specimens strongly corroborated their assertions. 
 
 Marching Orders. 
 
 February -i, 1864, orders were received in the evening of this day to ''pack 
 up " and be ready to march at a moment's notice. Being in the middle of win- 
 ter, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth could hardly believe they were to leave 
 their pleasant, comfortable winter quarters to begin a new campaign at that 
 inclement season of the year, hence the officers of the Regiment advised leaving 
 behind in camp all but absolutely necessary articles. The pickets of the Regi- 
 ment also remained behind on the posts near the old camp and guards were left 
 in the camp. Early in the morning of February 5th, General Bartlett's Brigade, 
 in which the One Hundred and Fift}--fifth was serving, and Griffin's Division 
 marched by way of the Weldon Railroad track south several miles, then to the 
 southwest of Petersburg to Rowanty Creek, the approaches to which were 
 guarded by Confederate breastworks. The enemy, in small force at this point, 
 was easily routed, leaving some prisoners in the hands of Bartlett's Brigade. 
 Crossing the stream, the First Division advanced in column to the \'aughan 
 Road, some six miles distant. At this point an incident occurred which showed 
 great bravery on the part of the enemy. General A\'arren. with his staff, in com- 
 pany with General Griffin, approaching a squad of twenty or thirty Confederate 
 
332 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 cavalrymen, guerrillas wearing Union uniforms, inquired to what command they 
 belonged. The Confederates answered by firing a volley, a bullet of which 
 passed through General ^^'arren's coat, thereby causing a hasty retreat by both 
 Generals and their staffs. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth rested at this 
 point for several hours. The night was cold and the ground frozen hard, making 
 sleep impossible, and the Regiment was not sorry when orders came about 
 midnight to resume the march towards the rear of the Confederate works at 
 Hatcher's Run in a northerly direction. After a weary tramp of several miles 
 in the darkness, the Regiment bi\ouacked in the rear of the same Confederate 
 works they had been facing on the previous movement in October, 1864, in the 
 vicinity of Hatcher's Run. The next da}-, the Gth of February, was quite cold 
 and cheerless and was spent by the Regiment in transforming with pick and 
 shovels the enemv's works, now evacuated, into Union defenses. 
 
 B.VTTLE OF DaBXEY'.S ^IiLLS. 
 
 In the afternoon of the Gth of February, heavy firing in front and to the 
 right of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth indicated that the Second and the 
 Third Divisions of the Fifth Corps had become hotly engaged with the enemy, 
 and about 3 p. m.. Griflin's Division, in line of battle, crossed the Confederate 
 works and advanced in the midst of a severe artillery fire, across a wide field 
 to a woods in which the enemy were posted in strong force. \\'hile crossing this 
 open space the Regiment met an aged colored man and a woman carrying a 
 white child of two or three years. The old couple were badly frightened. 
 Some of the troops shouted to them to seek refuge behind a large fallen tree, 
 which the little group proceeded to do. After reaching the woods a short halt 
 was made, the troops hugging the earth to avoid the severe musketry and ar- 
 tillery fire being poured upon them. In a few minutes the command came to ad- 
 vance and open fire on the enemy, both of which were done quite vigorously. 
 the enemy being driven back nearly half a mile to a new line of defense, in 
 which General Mahone's Division of Confederates, who had just arrived in sup- 
 port of their retreating troops, awaited the assault of Bartlett's Brigade. General 
 Bartlett, not deeming it prudent or necessary to risk the terrible fatalities which 
 would probably ensue from a direct assault upon a foe superior in numbers 
 and brave to recklessness, and protected by strong earthworks, ordered the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth and the other troops in the Third Brigade to fall back, 
 which they did in good order. They were pursued slowly by General Mahone's 
 strong division of Confederates. On account of the furious fire still kept up by 
 the retreating One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and the Third Brigade, Mahone's 
 men did not press the pursuit very closely. 
 
 As the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth approached the edge of the woods 
 from which they had first advanced, a line of troops, said to have been the 
 Second Brigade of Griffin's Division, composed partly of three New York 
 Regiments of raw. undisciplined troops, the same that had become panic-stricken 
 at Hatcher's Run the previous October, had formed in the edge of the woods to 
 support the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and other troops. As the humming 
 
UNDER THE ^[ALTESE CROSS. 
 
 333 
 
 of the enemy's niinie balls passing through the ranks and over the heads of the 
 line of the One Hundred and Eifty-fifth, reached these raw troops, they again 
 became demoralized, and commenced firing into the ranks of the withdrawing 
 line of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. The Regiment, thus placed " between 
 the Devil and the deep sea," charged upon the panic-stricken Second Brigade, 
 causing it to break and tin-n into a fleeing mob. In this state of aft'airs, it became 
 impossible for the regiments of the Third Brigade to maintain their order, and 
 utter confusion resulted. Amidst the buglers' assembly calls of the Brigade and 
 Regimental bugles, the mass of troops fell back to a commanding ridge, on the 
 crest of which several batteries had been quickly placed in position, the gunners 
 standing with lanyards drawn, waiting until the disorganized mass of troops 
 had passed through, then pulling the lan}-ards, the guns belched forth a storm of 
 canister that suddenly checked the onward rush of the elated enemy. The re- 
 treating troops fell back behind the captured Confederate works on the banks 
 of Hatcher's Run, from which they had emerged two hours before, and within 
 twenty minutes order was again established, every soldier being with his com- 
 pany and regiment. As darkness set in, the enemy made an assault upon the 
 position occupied by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, but were easily repulsed. 
 Thus ended the battle of Dabney's Mills, so-called from a sawmill located on 
 Hatcher's Run. 
 
 Further Incidexts of Life in the Trenxhes. 
 
 The whole region betv\'een the lines of the contending armies during the 
 siege of Petersburg was so cut up b}' " covered ways," " dug-out " roads, riflepits, 
 etc., as to make it almost impossible to pass safely without losing one's way from 
 the main lines to the picket posts, when the fog was 
 heavy. 
 
 In winter and early spring this marshy country, 
 drained by Hatcher's Run and Gravelly Run. was subject 
 to frequent fogs so dense in character that frequently 
 from daybreak until ten o'clock, a soldier wandering a 
 few rods from this camp would be imable to find his way 
 back to the same. On one occasion during this winter 
 campaign, Sergeant Walter McCabe, of Company B, of 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, in command of a large 
 ^quad of pickets, started out in the morning to relieve 
 the Union pickets already on duty. After wandering 
 for some time in what seemed to be the direction of the 
 Union picket line, the Sergeant and his squad were 
 brought to a sudden halt, and challenged to give an ac- 
 count of themselves. To the great consternation of the 
 squad of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, they found 
 themselves prisoners within the Confederate lines. On 
 being lined up, the Confederates promptly relieved them 
 of nearly all their clothing, and of all their valuables. 
 SGT. WALTER McCABE. One of the enemv would exclaim, "Say, Yank! that's 
 
334 UNDER THE AlALTESE CROSS. 
 
 a nice overcoat, let's exchange." Another would exclaim, " Off with your shoes, 
 Yank, I'll exchange with you ! " A mercenary Confederate would ask, " Have 
 you an}- money? (_)ut with it — you'll not need it where you're going; I'll take 
 care of it for you!" Others insisted on trading shoes "even up." the unfortu- 
 nate Yankee giving a compulsory consent. 
 
 When the exchanges were all completed, the scene presented the appearance 
 of a Confederate company dressed in neat zouave uniforms guarding a company 
 of Union soldiers dressed in ragged, tattered Confederate clothing, their heads 
 sticking out through crownless hats, bare spots showing through rents in trous- 
 ers, especially in the rear, together with soleless shoes, etc. As the Confederate 
 cavalcade started to march with their Union prisoners for the rear of the Con- 
 federate troops, they in turn became confused by the thick fog, and striking a 
 covered way, unconsciously marched their prisoners right back into the Union 
 lines. In turn the late captors were captured. It is needless to add that the 
 fortunes of war having changed, the Confederates were made to disgorge their 
 plunder in short order, and Sergeant [McCabe's squad promptly came into their 
 own again without much ceremony. 
 
 Whether it was Major-General G. K. ^\'arren's high reputation as a skillful 
 engineer, or his eminence as a brilliant strategist and fighter and great coolness 
 in cases of emergency, that led to his being selected by General Grant to lead all 
 important and hazardous movements looking to the complete isolation of Lee's 
 arm}- within the defenses of Petersburg is a problem the readers of this volume 
 will each have to solve. Be the cause or causes what they may, however, the 
 facts stand out so plain that he who runs may read. Ever}^ fresh advance into 
 the enemy's .strongholds by General Warren's Corps involved the greatest dangers 
 and necessitated not only courageous fighting qualities on the part of his troops, 
 but the ability to perform very hard manual labor. Ever\- new position gained 
 had to be fortified ; even,' intrenchment captured from the enemy had to be 
 remodeled so as to make it a defensive position for the Union troops. Thus 
 during the entire summer and autumn of 1864, as well as the greater part of the 
 winter of the Petersburg campaign, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment 
 was constantly engaged either in fighting, or, through details of men, digging and 
 shoveling in the trenches. 
 
 Immediately upon securing a finn grasp of an important position. General 
 Warren set his troops to work to fortify the same. As soon as the new works 
 were made impregnable against the enemy's assaults, some other corps of the 
 army of the Potomac would march in to occupy the position, and the Fifth Corps, 
 under General Warren, would march out to make new conquests and fortify 
 again. This order of campaigning ended only at Appomattox. That General 
 Warren fully appreciated the hardships to which his brave, uncomplaining troops 
 were subjected, goes without saying. The details from the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, who toiled in the trenches, all bear willing testimony to the kindness 
 and sympathy shown them by the kind-hearted General, who often personally 
 superintended their work. Frequently, when some youthful soldier, who from hi^ 
 tender nurture and surroundings at home, had never handled a shovel before. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 335 
 
 would evince awkwardness in the use of the same, General Warren would get 
 down into the ditch, grasp the tool, and kindly show the novice how to use it 
 to advantage. 
 
 During the siege of Petersburg, General ^leade received complaints that 
 in many cases the enlisted men failed to extend the military salute to their su- 
 perior officers, thus neglecting to show proper respect to their military 
 superiors. In response to these complaints, General Meade issued a General 
 Order, directing that thereafter all soldiers in the ranks should, in accord- 
 ance with military regulation, salute their superior officers anywhere when 
 meeting or passing them. On receiving this order. General Warren immediately 
 requested General Meade to excejjt from the provisions of the order the hard- 
 worked troops of the Fifth Cor])s, then engaged toiling in the mud and water 
 of the trenches in fatigue details, day and night. General Meade thereupon 
 qualified the General Order, making it appl}' only to " soldiers olt duty " in 
 camps, or on guard duty, dress parades, or on distinctl}- military occasions, and 
 not to include working details of soldiers engaged in constructing defensive works. 
 
 TOPOGR.VPHY OF PETERSBURG DISTRICT, 
 
 To the general reader the description of the various movements of the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and of the battles fought by the Fifth Corps under 
 General G. K. Warren, must be unintelligible without a clear understanding of 
 the topography of the region in which those events occurred. Running south and 
 southwest from Petersburg were several wagon roads and two railroads, which 
 formed the main arteries of communication between Petersburg and Richmond 
 and the southern States of the Confederacy, and over which were conveyed the 
 principal supplies for Lee's army. The possession of these roads by the L^nion 
 army, of course, meant the speedy surrender or evacuation of the Capital and 
 strongholds of the Confederacy. The first important road of which the L'nion 
 army obtained possession west of the Xorfolk & Petersburg was the Jerusalem 
 Plank Road, running almost due south; which was followed a few weeks later 
 by the capture of the Weldon Railroad, running south into North Camlina, and 
 the Halifax A\'agon Road, running south parallel with this railroad. The only 
 remaining railroad by which Lee's army could obtain supplies was what was 
 known as the Southside Railroad, running in a southwesterly direction from 
 Petersburg. The vital importance of this railroad to the Confederate Capital led 
 General Lee to make use of every means at his command even to the utmost to 
 protect it from capture. 
 
 Before reaching the Southside Railroad from the Weldon Railroad, it was 
 necessary to cross four important wagon roads running south from Petersburg — 
 first, the Halifax Road ; second, the Vaughan Road ; next, the Boydton Plank 
 Road ; and lastly, the White Oak Road. These wagon roads, about ten miles 
 south of Petersburg, crossed, first. Hatcher's Run. flowing southeast ; second. 
 Gravelly Run, flowing in the same direction, the two streams uniting to form 
 Rowantv Creek. These various roads were connected by numerous narrow 
 countrv roads crossing from one to the other. The distance from the Yellow 
 
336 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Tavern and Four-Mile Station on the Weldon Railroad across to the Southside 
 Railroad was about ten to twelve miles. The capture of Fort McRea and con- 
 necting works at Peeble's Farm, by the Fifth Corps, reduced the distance to the 
 Southside Railroad to about six to eight miles. The intervening space, howevei, 
 was so strongly fortified with numerous lines of intrenchments and redoubts, 
 ■also well manned by Confederate veteran troops that its capture by direct assault 
 was hopeless to the Union Generals. 
 
 With the bull-dog tenacit}', characteristic of General Grant, he determined 
 to plant his forces on the Southside Railroad by flanking movements : that is, by 
 pushing his troops around the western ends of the enemy's intrenchments and 
 coming in on their rear. This necessitated the movement of the Union troops 
 south several miles, then a march in a westward direction across the country trav- 
 ersed by the country roads and streams already mentioned. The greater part 
 •of this region was thickly covered with forests, and intersected and cut up by 
 deep ravines and impassible marshes. 
 
 Along the western crest of every ravine, and at the intersection of every 
 ■cross-road with the main road, the Confederates had constructed surprisingly 
 strong works. Should the Union troops successfully assault one line of de- 
 fenses, the enem)' had only to fall back to a still stronger position in their rear, 
 commanding the first position and rendering it untenable. This second position 
 was commanded by a third earthworks still further in the rear. Not satisfied 
 with this series of defensive fortifications behind which they could bid defiance 
 to the Union army, the foe had constructed other earthworks facing to the south, 
 following these up with others in the rear of the first, until the gloomy forests 
 and swamps of that dreary region, ten to fifteen miles square, was cut up by a 
 labyrinth of defensive works, of which the Confederate officers alone held the 
 thread. 
 
 It was impossible for General Lee, with his rapidly depleting army, to oc- 
 •cupy continuously these defenses ; but his faithful scouts, always on the alert, 
 kept him fully informed of every threatening movement by the Union troops 
 in that direction, and holding the key to the position, that astute General was 
 ■able to fill the works with his troops on short notice, and was never caught 
 napping. Entangled in the intricate mazes of the Hatcher's Run forests, the 
 Union troops were constantly in danger of being ambushed and shot down by 
 unseen foes, or cut off from supports and captured by flank movements on the 
 part of the enemy. 
 
 General Warren and the Fifth Corps. 
 
 To face these dangers and to undergo the hardships and exposures inci- 
 ■dent to campaigning in such a region in the dead of winter, the reader will ob- 
 serve that General G. K. Warren, with his Fifth Corps, composed of such troops 
 as the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was invariably 
 selected by General Grant to penetrate the heart of Lee's network of supposed 
 invincible intrenchments during the siege and extensions to the left, and finally 
 to storm the enemy's strong position at Five Forks, and plant his faithful troops 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 337 
 
 on the coveted Southside Railroad, capturing at Five Forks more prisoners than 
 he had troops in his command. 
 
 Inclement Weather. 
 
 On the night of the 6th of February. 18(35, to the 13th, the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth and Griffin's Division suffered e.xtremely from cold and ex- 
 posure. Having left all camp paraphernalia in their former quarters, some 
 soldiers even leaving their blankets, and the weather continuing very inclement, 
 the ground being frozen hard, it was impossible to attain restful sleep. In fifteen 
 minutes after lying down the part of the body in contact with the frozen earth 
 would become numb with cold, compelling the weary soldier to turn continually 
 from side to side. Huge fires of oak logs were kept burning constantly, but the 
 wind blew all the heat as well as the smoke away from the windward side, while 
 the dense biting wood smoke was blinding and choking on the side to leeward. 
 A more miserable week than that spent by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 ■during the lull following the Dabney's Mills campaign could hardly be imagined. 
 
 New ^^■I^•TER Qu.-'iRters, 1865. 
 
 On the 13th of February, 1865, the camp-guards and pickets, together with 
 the camp property left behind at the former quarters, were restored to the 
 Regiment. Having, by hard labor, changed the enemy's works which the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth hatl captured on the banks of Hatcher's Run into strong 
 Union defenses, the Regiment moved out as usual this day, and other troops 
 moved in. The Regiment was moved back a mile or more to a forest of yellow 
 pine timber, and ordered to erect new quarters. After another week of toil com- 
 fortable houses were completed, and with the exceptions of regular details for 
 " fatigue duty " in the trenches, the Regiment spent a few pleasant weeks in this 
 •camp. The barns and other buildings torn down for the sake of the boards, not 
 furnishing sufficient material for the needs of both officers and men, the latter 
 were compelled to procure their share of the same surreptitiously, by running 
 the gauntlet of guards at night and carrying off such boards and other material 
 as they needed. 
 
 Within a few rods of this new winter camp of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth was a fine large tabernacle erected by the Christian Commission, in which 
 undenominational religious services were held nightly through the week and in 
 daytime on Sundays. The soldiers in the field — in this portion of the army, at 
 least — had heard much about the great work which the Sanitary Commission 
 of the North was doing among the soldiers of the Army of the Potomac. The 
 work of this Commission was evidently confined to the hospitals, as there were 
 few visible signs of their presence at the front ; but the hearts of the troops were 
 with the brave, self-sacrificing ministers and nurses of the Christian Commission, 
 who were everywhere present ministering to the physical as well as the spiritual 
 needs of the men in the trenches. Close in the rear of the battle line, often amidst 
 the crashing of shells and the smoke of battle, these devoted men carried fuel and 
 ■water to keep their vessels of hot coffee full and steaming; and with hands tender 
 
338 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 as a woman's, fed the hungry, staunched the blood, and bound up the gashes 
 made in human flesh by the deadly missiles of the enemy. These priests of 
 God, Catholic and Protestant, asked no questions of the sufferer, but simply 
 obeyed the divine precept to feed the hungry, clothe the naked and bind up the 
 wounds of both friend and foe. Many a wounded Confederate owed the Chris- 
 tian Commission a debt of everlasting gratitude. Helplessly wounded, in the 
 hands of his foes, he was treated with the same tender consideration as if he 
 were a friend, and all for Christ's sake. 
 
 Camp Occupations. — Dril[.ixg Resumed. 
 
 In a few days after the battle of Hatcher's Run, February 6, 1865, the 
 weather moderated and became mild and pleasant, continuing so for weeks. After 
 the middle of the month, rumors of another move circulated freely among the 
 troops, and when orders were finally received to " pack up " and " send to the 
 rear all superfluous clothing and baggage," the rumor increased to a certainty. 
 General Warren with the ubiquitous Fifth Corps had threaded his way among 
 such a net-work of Confederate intrenchments. successfully assaulting some and 
 flanking others, that he had finally reached the point from which the whistling 
 and rumbling of trains on the Southside Railroad were plainly audible. The 
 war had been ended in the Southwest by the destruction of Hood's Confederate 
 army at Nashville ; Sherman, in his march through the Carolinas, had successfully 
 reached Goldsboro ; the Union forces were in possession of all the seaports and 
 coast cities of the South ; Sheridan had cut the canal and destroyed the Lynch- 
 burg Railroad northwest and west of Richmond ; the Union cavalry were probing 
 the heart of the Confederacy, and wails of despair were filling the air throughout 
 the South. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, expecting every day to be ordered 
 to move, were bracing themselves for the final supreme effort ; for the whole 
 command felt that the next move of their trusted Corps commander would 
 place them across the Southside Railroad, the only remaining artery conveying 
 blood to the impoverished brain of the Confederacy. 
 
 Taking advantage of the beautiful weather, daily reviews were held. The 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, under command of Brevet Brigadier- 
 General A. L. Pearson, was assiduous in its daily practice of deployments, skir- 
 mish drills and the useful and graceful bayonet exercises. Every afternoon, on 
 the immense fields in front of the Cumming's House, there was a review either 
 by brigades or divisions, and frequently by the entire Corps, attended occasionally 
 by Generals Grant and Meade and their staffs. 
 
 At this time the wife of General Charles Griflin was in camp, and accom- 
 panied her husband on these reviews. She was a handsome woman, a superb 
 rider and rode a beautiful horse. At this time, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 was at the zenith of its reputation in the Fifth Corps as one of the attractive 
 regiments. Gaily dressed in its pleasing dark blue zouave uniform, white turbans, 
 leggings and white gaiters, moving as one man with a light, free step, whether 
 in company, regimental or division line, swaying in beautiful cadence to inspiring 
 martial music, the Regiment presented an impressive picture. All these scenes 
 were long to be remembered, and did much to prepare the Regiment for its crown- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 339 
 
 ing career in tlie battles yet to come, culminating in the final victory at Appo- 
 mattox Court House. 
 
 Second Battle of Hatcher's Run. 
 
 On the morning of the 25th of JMarch. while the countr_v was covered with a 
 fog so dense that the rays of the morning sun were too weak to penetrate, ter- 
 rific cannonading was heard to the right, coming from the direction of Peters- 
 burg. Bartlett's Brigade, including the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, was 
 ordered to break camp and march. Leaving their comfortable quarters, the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment marched amid the fog two or three miles to 
 the right in the direction of the cannonading, eating a breakfast of hardtack as 
 they marched. Halting, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth remained in one spot 
 two or three hours, watching with great interest the hazy movements of a division 
 of the Second Corps maneuvering in their front and left, having learned in the 
 meantime that the heavy cannonading in the early morning was caused by a 
 Confederate attack on Fort Steadman, and final repulse of the enemy. About 
 noon, the Union troops half a mile in front and to the left of the position occupied 
 by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, became engaged with the enemy. The 
 fog had lifted and disappeared, the sun shone bright and clear, warming the 
 chilly air of early spring. The buds were swelling ready to burst. There was a 
 balmy sweetness in the air, beauty in the landscape, but no birds. Instinctively 
 the feathered tribe had deserted those regions when the terrible tempests of 
 human wrath converted the once peaceful hills and valleys into scenes of tumult 
 and horror. Soon the brazen-throated engines of war with ear-splitting deto- 
 nations began to fill the air with missiles of destruction. The musketry firing 
 increased to a continuous roar ; again subsiding to sounds resembling the ripping 
 of canvas or the rattling of a stick over a paling fence. The firing increased and 
 subsided continually, and as the battle extended the contending hosts became en- 
 veloped in the smoke and lost to view. Awe-stricken, the One Flundred and 
 Fifty-fifth gazed upon the sublime scene transpiring within a landscape which the 
 deepest hues of the painter were powerless to portray, or words, the winged 
 messengers of thought, to describe. 
 
 About an hour before sunset, the C)ne Hundred and Fifty-fifth, and other 
 regiments under General Bartlett, marching in the direction of the heaviest 
 firing, formed in line of battle in the rear of the troops on the firing line, which 
 they ascertained to be the famous Irish Brigade of the Second Corps, and ad- 
 vancing to the front, relieved them. The heavy volleys poured into the enemy's 
 line by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth seemed for a time to stimulate their 
 fire, and in a very short measure of time many of the Regiment fell killed or 
 wounded. Lieutenant-Colonel John Ewing was wounded in the leg, and Major 
 John A. Cline, who had lately been promoted from Captain of Company K, re- 
 ceived a minie ball in the shoulder, but declined to leave the field. The Regiment 
 lost two killed and about thirty wounded. 
 
 The fire of the enemy was very severe, particularly for the two right com- 
 panies, A and F. The slope of the ground somewhat protected the left companies. 
 
340 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 MAJ. JOHN A. CLINE. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 341 
 
 It was growing dark, and the flash of the enemy's fire was very conspicuous. 
 Above the roar of musketry came a voice, " Fire right oblique." It may have 
 been the voice of a private or a sergeant, or a captain, but the inspiration was 
 taken up by many voices, and that obHque fire was concentrated witli such mur- 
 derous efi^ect that the fire of the enemy slackened and finally ceased. 
 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth maintained its position until the enemy 
 gave up the contest and retreated behind their breastworks about nine o'clock. 
 In front of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, during this battle, lay many dead 
 soldiers, and some members of the Regiment whose guns were becoming well 
 worn, taking advantage of the opportunity presented, went out in the darkness 
 and exchanged guns with the dead men, securing bright new arms in place of 
 their own worn and rust-eaten weapons. In histor\- this engagement is known 
 as the second battle of Hatcher's Run. By midnight the Regiment was back in 
 the old camp which it had left in the morning. 
 
 For two days the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, to employ a military term, 
 " slept on their arms." That is, their guns were stacked in the company streets, 
 their knapsacks were packed, and a constant supply of four days' rations were 
 kept in their haversacks, so that the Regiment, had occasion required it, could 
 have been on the march within five minutes after receiving orders to move. 
 
 
 
343 ■ UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Chapter XVI. 
 FIVE FORKS.— APPOMATTOX. 
 
 Engagement of Lewis F.-xrh or Quaker Road. — Gallantry of Colonel 
 Pearson. — Burying the Dead. — Furious Attack of Confederates on Fifth 
 Corps. — Plan of B.^ttle of Five Forks. — Sheridan Orders Plan to be Put 
 Into Execution. — Brilliant Charge of Fifth Corps. — Gallantry of Major 
 George M. Laughlin, of Griffin's Staff. — Warren's Removal from Com- 
 mand OF Fifth Corps. — Griffin Succeeds Warren. — April 6th, General 
 Me.\de Resumes Control of Fifth Corps. — One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 Under Command of Major Cline. — Regiment Deployed as Skirmishers in 
 Advance of Brigade. — Flag of Truce. — Grant's Letter to Lee Proposing 
 Surrender. — Lee's Letter Accepting Terms. — One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Among Regiments Designated to Receive Surrender. — Confederate 
 Army Stacks Arms in Front of One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and Third 
 Brigade. — The War Over. — Parole of General Lee and Staff. — Casualties. 
 
 [^^S^^ARCH 29, 1865. This morning at daylight the One Hundred and 
 4w/illb\?VM Fifty-fifth marched out of its camp with the other regiments of 
 the Fifth Corps, to initiate a new campaign, which proved to be 
 the beginning of the end. No sheher except the canopy of the 
 heavens was to cover them until the last armed foe of the glorious 
 Stars and Stripes had grounded his arms. General Lee, with the knowledge 
 that General Warren, who, with his invincible troops had gradually wrested 
 from him his strongest positions, was now massed on the left near the Southside 
 Railroad, Lee's last real artery, ready to strike for that coveted prize either by 
 force or by strategy, must have considered his position extremely critical. To 
 a man of weaker nerve and less fruitful of resource than Lee, the situation 
 would have certainly seemed desperate. There was, however, still a net-work 
 of strong defenses to be overcome by Warren before Lee's hold on his im- 
 portant railroad was loosened. The latter, realizing this, immediately stripped 
 his long lines of fortifications around Richmond and Petersburg of troops, leav- 
 ing but a skirmish line to guard them, and concentrated the main body of his 
 army near the threatened points, to meet General Warren with his troops in the 
 advance, and Sheridan with his cavalry still farther to the left. 
 
 The left of the Confederates' main line of intrenchments, beginning north- 
 west of Richmond, which had never yet been broken, extended from Petersburg 
 in a southwestward direction to Hatcher's Run at the point where the Boydton 
 Plank Road crosses that stream; thence on the southside of and parallel with 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 343 
 
 the stream some distance westward to the White Oak Road, thirty-five miles 
 in length. Tliis line of intrenchments protected Lee's right and rear ; but about 
 four miles farther west from the termination of this main line on the White 
 Oak Road, a detached line of intrenchments existed, running parallel with the 
 White Oak Road, to cover an important strategic point known as " Five Forks." 
 To reach the Southside Railroad in this roundabout way, it was necessary that 
 General Warren should either circumvent or successfully assault these fortifica- 
 tions. It was evidently Grant's plan to use both methods of reaching the coveted 
 prize — Sheridan with his cavalr_v, to endeavor to flank the strong positions, while 
 Warren's columns kept the enemy's troops so fully employed that they could not 
 be used against Sheridan. To the latter commander must be given the credit 
 of originating the general plan of this campaign, but to Warren belongs the 
 glory of successfully carrying the details into effect. At an early hour of March 
 29th, 186.5, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth together with Warren's whole corps 
 marched southwest to Rowanty Creek at the point where the Quaker Road 
 crosses that stream ; thence north along that wagon road to a point where it 
 crosses Gravellv Run, the southern branch of Rowantv Creek. 
 
 The Battle of Lewis Farm. 
 
 Shortly after crossing Gravelly Run on the Quaker Road, the First Brigade 
 of Griffin's Division came into contact with the enemy in advance of their 
 breastworks on Hatcher's Run, and a severe engagement ensued, the Con- 
 federate pickets, unable to check the advance of the Union troops, rapidly fell 
 back to their main line of battle. Here, a determined stand being made, the 
 First Brigade was compelled to retreat in confusion. The One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, being nearest the scene of action, was promptly sent on the double- 
 quick to the support of the discomfited First Brigade. Arriving on the ground, 
 no organized Union troops were to be seen by the Regiment. One of Griffin's 
 batteries, however, was holding its ground on a ridge a few rods in advance. 
 Without taking time to form in line of battle, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 pushed on hastily and formed in the rear of the battery where the enemy's 
 column was seen advancing on the double-quick to capture the guns. 
 
 The battery boys maintained their position bravely, and the rapidity with 
 which they loaded and fired cannister into the exultant enemy was surprising. 
 The appearance of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth so suddenly in the rear of 
 the battery in its support was like an apparition to the foe, and, after a few 
 volleys had been poured into their column by the Regiment, the Confederates 
 quickly retreated. 
 
 Dashing Exploit of General Pearsox. — De.\th of Lieutenant Strong. 
 
 A short distance in front and to the left of the position occupied by the 
 battery was a long saw-dust pile, behind which, unknown to the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth, a large number of the Confederates were concealed. General 
 Pearson, commanding the Regiment, who in some way became aware of the 
 
344 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 presence of this hidden force, rode up to the " Color-Sergeant " and reached for 
 the Regimental colors, which Color-Sergeant Marlin refused to yield, saying, 
 " Show me where you wish the colors carried, and Til take them there." Gen- 
 eral Pearson, however, seized the colors, and shouting, " Follow me, men, or 
 lose your colors," galloped furiously up on this saw-dust pile, the Regiment 
 following, cheering lustily. The enemy immediately took to their heels, leaving 
 fifty or sixty prisoners in the hands of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. This 
 gallant act of General Pearson was, on recommendation of General Charles Grif- 
 fin, rewarded by a Brevet Major-Generalship. 
 
 Lieutenant James Strong, of Company I, a gallant and faithful officer, was 
 shot through the head and instantly killed in this action, falling close to General 
 Pearson as he planted the colors on the enemy's position. As Lieutenant Strong 
 lay on the field mortally wounded. Corporal Charles A. Walters left the ranks 
 to relieve his sufterings. With true soldierly instinct, Lieutenant Strong bade 
 the Corporal to spare his efforts, as his case was hopeless, and to return to the 
 ranks of his Company. Lieutenant Strong left a wife and six children in a little 
 cottage by the coal works on the Youghiogheny, where he had been employed, to 
 mourn his death. 
 
 After this short battle, the Regiment spent an hour or longer in succoring 
 the wounded and burying the dead from their own ranks, as well as looking after 
 the wounded of the brave members of the battery which had so gallantly held its 
 ground until reinforced by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. 
 
 Several men were detailed with picks and shovels to dig a trench fifteen or 
 twenty feet long, six feet or seven feet wide, and three feet deep. Over the bot- 
 tom of these trenches were carefully spread blankets taken from the knapsacks 
 of the dead men. The bodies were then tenderly laid side by side and covered 
 with blankets. The trenches were then filled up. Where the identity of a dead 
 comrade, through any letters or other documents about his person, could be 
 ascertained, his name with his company and regiment was written or carved 
 upon a stick or piece of board which was driven into the ground at the head 
 of his position in the trench. 
 
 An incident of heroism and devotion to duty occurred in this action and is 
 worthy of notice. In the impetuous rush of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth to 
 the support of Grifiin's battery in this action, in the midst of the rain of missiles 
 that were raising dust spots in the ground over which the Regiment was double- 
 quicking, a soldier of the First Brigade, which had become disorganized and 
 scattered, imable to find his own command, vohmtarily joined the ranks of the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, and was thus going into battle among entire 
 strangers. Early in the action this visiting comrade received a mortal wound 
 and toppled over. Thus died in battle an unknown patriot. 
 
 This brief engagement is known in history as the battle of the Quaker Road, 
 or Lewis Farm. Later the same evening the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth ad- 
 vanced a mile, and putting out a strong picket line, bivouacked for the night. 
 At the apex of an angle in the road where a squad of the Regiment's pickets was 
 posted a Confederate captain was noticed approaching, evidently reconnoitering. 
 Unaware of the vicinity of the pickets, the officer approached within a few yards 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 345 
 
 of the post, on discovering which he demanded the surrender of Sergeant D. R. 
 Curll, of Company H, and Lieutenant D. Porter Marshall, of Company K, 
 They refused and in turn captured the daring Confederate officer. 
 
 This movement of the Fifth Corps along the Quaker Road was supported 
 on the right flank by the Second Corps, commanded by General Humphreys, the 
 latter advancing by the Vaughan Road, intending to strike the enemy's works at 
 Hatcher's Run at the point where the road crossed the stream, about four miles 
 to the right of Warren. Thus both corps were marching north towards Hatcher's 
 Run on parallel roads. Griffin's Division of the Fifth Corps, including the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth, was the first to come into contact with the enemy at 
 Quaker Road, or Lewis Farm, which action has already been described. The 
 point where this engagement occurred was less than two miles from the enemy's 
 main line on Hatcher's Run. The Division pressed on, forcing the Confederates 
 into their works. Sheridan's cavalry, by a more circuitous route, had by this 
 time reached Dinwiddle Court House, about six miles southwest of the position 
 occupied by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and Griffin's Division on the 
 Quaker Road. The Second Corps, under Humphreys, marching north on the 
 Vaughan Road, encountering many obstructions, had not yet reached the enemy's 
 front on Hatcher's Run, when night set in. To resist this advance of the Union 
 army. General Lee had twenty thousand muskets and a few brigades of cavalry 
 in position, protected by a series of the strongest fortifications parallel with 
 Hatcher's Run, as previously described, that modern military science could de- 
 vise. The night of the 29th of March was exceedingly stormy and wet, but on 
 the morning of the 30th the rain had ceased and the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth, with the other troops, were up and in position ready to strike. The ground, 
 however, was ,so soaked with rain as to become almost a swamp, and the roads 
 were impassible for artillery trains. Military operations were well nigh at a 
 standstill. The firing along the outposts was continuous. The Second Corps 
 extended its left and made connection with the Fifth Corps. It became a serious 
 question to the Union army of getting up supplies of subsistence and ammunition. 
 The wounded could not be carried back to the railroad, and had to be made as 
 comfortable as possible in the woods, with the limited number of tents available 
 for shelter. Grant's army at this point could neither advance nor retreat. 
 
 Warren, however, pressed his troops close up to the Confederate works on 
 the White Oak Road to keep the enemy occupying them from sending re- 
 enforcements to the troops opposing Sheridan, who had advanced to assault the 
 enemy's works at Five Forks. The Confederates having superior numbers, how- 
 ever, easily repulsed the cavalry, and drove Sheridan's troopers back to Din- 
 widdle Court House. Early on the morning of March the 31st, the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth and the other regiments of Griffin's Division extended their 
 lines gradually still further to the left, endeavoring to connect with Sheridan 
 and reach the right flank of the enemy's line so as to overlap it and get in 
 their rear. 
 
 The stormy weather and bad roads which had impeded the progress of 
 Warren's troops, had been of immense advantage to Lee, giving him an oppor- 
 
346 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 tunity to reinforce his works at Five Forks, which was threatened by Sheridan's 
 cavalry, and Lee had all of his troops now well forward and in posi- 
 tion to reinforce any part of his long lines on Hatcher's Run which might 
 become hard pressed. Every hour's delay, however, meant increased peril to the 
 enemy. Brave and full of resources to the last. General Lee resolved to repeat 
 the tactics which he had used so successfully against the Union forces in the 
 Wilderness, and by which he had so often foiled Grant's flanking movements. 
 This was to launch strong bodies of his troops with the fury of a thunderbolt 
 upon the flanks of Warren's troops while they were engaged in changing position 
 and unprepared to resist a sudden attack. 
 
 Battle of Gravelly Run. 
 
 In the niovement westward on March the 31st, Ayres' and Crawford's 
 
 Divisions of Warren's Corps marched by 
 way of Boydton Plank Road, with Griffin's 
 Division, including the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, in the rear, in what is known in 
 military terms as en echelon. Extremely 
 aiLxious to reach the flank of the enemy's 
 position and connect with Sheridan, General 
 Warren obtained permission from General 
 Meade to make a reconnoissance in the 
 evening, and, if he found it possible, to take 
 position on the flank of the enemy's works. 
 It was this reconnoitering movement that 
 precipitated the conflict. The advance had 
 scarcely begun when Lee, believing the op- 
 portunit}- for which he was watching, had 
 arrived, with the swiftness of lightning, 
 hurled his veterans like an avalanche upon 
 Ayres' Division, which, stunned by the blow, 
 fell back upon Crawford's Division in turn, 
 confused by the mass of fugitives rushing 
 upon them from Ayres' Division, broke their 
 lines, and fell back upon Griffin's Division 
 and the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. The 
 enemy, flushed with victory, charged upon 
 Griffin's Division, but were repulsed and 
 sent staggering backward. Then, while the 
 two former divisions were rallying and re- 
 forming their lines, Grifiin's Division, includ- 
 ing the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, 
 charged upon the enemy, driving part of 
 them back in a mob over their intrenchments, 
 LIEUT. JAMES STRONG. ^ud the remainder disappeared down the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 347 
 
 White Oak Road towards P'ive Forks. Before the enemy could regain their in- 
 trenchments. a large number of prisoners were left in the hands of Gril¥in's 
 Division. Although Lee had failed in his attack on Warren, he was quickly 
 ready for another bold and determined effort. 
 
 Privates Edward R. Melchor, of Company E, and Alexander Eaton, of Com- 
 pany H, were killed in this action. Among the wounded were Corporal John 
 Saber, of Company B, Privates James Martin, Company D, Henry Starr and 
 William H. Stitt, Company G, and Martin V. B. Sproull, Company K. 
 
 Bad news flies fast. An exaggerated report of the disaster to the Fifth 
 Corps, without information as to the glorious recoup, led General Grant, in issu- 
 ing orders to the Fifth Corps to move to the assistance of General Sheridan that 
 night, to authorize General Sheridan to relieve General Warren from the com- 
 mand of the Fifth Corps in case \\'arren failed him. 
 
 That evening General Warren was directed to withdraw from the White 
 Oak Road, being relieved by the Second Corps, and to advance by crossing 
 Gravelly Run and to make connection with General Sheridan. It was a slow, 
 hard, all-night's march. Bridges had to be built crossing the swollen Gravelly 
 Run, and maiiv places through the impassable swamp had to be corduroyed. 
 The troops toiled all night and began to arrive at Sheridan's position soon after 
 daylight, the rear of the Fifth Corps not arriving until noon, April 1, 1865. 
 
 Battle of Five Forks. 
 
 Meantime Sheridan had been making his dispositions to attack as soon as 
 the troops of the Fifth Corps were available. General Custer's Division of 
 cavalry was brought up and placed in position. The enemy occupied a line of 
 intrenchments in front of the White Oak Road covering the road to Ford's 
 Station, which, leading southward in two branches at its intersection with the 
 White Oak Road, constituted the " Five Forks." General Sheridan deployed his 
 dismounted cavalry in front of the enemy's works. With a scabbard he sketched 
 for General \^'arren the location of the enemy's intrenchments on the White 
 Oak Road, and directed Warren to advance across the White Oak Road past 
 the enemy's flank, then to change direction to the west and advance rapidly 
 taking the enemy in flank and rear, which would be a signal for advance by the 
 cavalry. Warren immediately sketched a plan of attack, copies of which he 
 furnished to his division commanders. 
 
 After the orders had been given by General W^arren, the troops of the 
 Fifth Corps marched two to three miles, and were in position for attack by 
 4 p. M., April 1st, near the White Oak Church. The attack was immediately made, 
 advancing across the White Oak Road, Ayres on the left and Crawford's Division 
 on the right, in line b)' brigades. Griffin's Division, in reserve, was in line by 
 brigades in rear of Crawford's Division. Firing began at the White Oak Road. 
 General Sheridan, who rode with General Ayres, was chafing with impatience. 
 The moment General Ayres' strong skirmish line met the enemy, Sheridan put 
 spurs to his horse and dashed along in front of the battle lines shouting encour- 
 
348 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
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I'XDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 349 
 
 agement to the troops. As the hues moved forward, a man on the skirmish line 
 was struck in the neck, crying, as he fell to the ground, " I'm killed." " You're 
 not hurt a bit," shouted Sheridan. " jiick up your gun, man, and move on the 
 front." The poor fellow grasped his musket, sprang to his feet, and rushed 
 forward a short distance, then fell dead. 
 
 It was found that the enemy's line did not extend as far eastward as General 
 Sheridan had been led to believe by his scouts, but was covered on the left by a 
 skirmish line of Munford's dismounted Confederate cavalry in deploy. Gen- 
 eral Sheridan impetuously ordered an immediate change of direction by Gen- 
 eral Ayres' left brigade, under command of General Fred Winthrop, and an 
 attack on the flank of the enemy's line. This broke the connection of Winthrop's 
 Brigade with the rest of Ayres' command. Winthrop gallantly attacked, and 
 after driving the enemy a short distance, was himself attacked in flank and 
 driven back with serious loss, the gallant General Winthrop himself being killed 
 at the head of his brigade. 
 
 General Ayres and General .Sheridan rapidly brought the other two brigades 
 of Ayres to the assistance of \Mnthrop's Brigade, and then ensued some very 
 sturdy fighting. In the meantime General Crawford, having lost touch with the 
 division on his left by the sudden withdrawal of Ayres' troops, was advancing 
 rapidly northward, driving the dismounted Confederate cavalry before him 
 through the woods. General \\'arren's aides, having failed to get Crawford to 
 change direction and follow Ayres, General Warren went after him in person, 
 in the meantime sending orders to Griffin to change direction and move into the 
 gap between Ayres and Crawford. This Griffin did handsomely, but there was 
 iiuich very diffictilt gnmnd to be covered, and it took time, while Ayres and the 
 cavalry were fighting hard. 
 
 During this wheeling movement of the Fifth Corps many troops of the 
 three <livisions. becoming confused, lost their commands, and were intermingled 
 in the rear. General Chamberlain, commanding the First Brigade of Griffin's 
 Division, who was among these troops, endeavoring to reduce them to a sem- 
 blance of order, was most ably assisted by Captain George M. Laughlin, formerly 
 Captain of Company E, of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, but now on Gen- 
 eral Griffin's staff. General Chamberlain states that Captain Laughlin went 
 dashing in among the disorganized body of troops in this action, and by his 
 gallantry and cool courage in this trying emergency succeeded in rallying the 
 men, inspiring them with such confidence that they followed him enthusiastically 
 into the hottest part of the engagement. It was no doubt this clearness of mind 
 and self-command of Captain Laughlin in times of urgent need and severe strain 
 that led General Griflin to call the Captain to a distinguished position on his 
 stail', an honor which the C^ne Hundred and Fifty-fifth highly appreciated. 
 
 General Ayres' Division on the left, which had fallen back a shdrt distance, 
 quickly rallied, and charging on the flank of the enemy's intrenchments, ran over 
 them, capturing over one thousand prisoners. Griffin's Division, with the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth, rushing through the gap, fell upon the works in their 
 front, capturing fifteen hundred prisoners. Crawford's Division, which General 
 Warren had gone after, and brought up on the right, fell upon the rear of the 
 
350 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 MAI -GEN CHARLES GRIFFIN AND PERSONAL AIDES— CAPTAINS LAUGHLIN, 
 BRINTON AND SCHEMERHORN. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 351 
 
 €nemy, capturing four guns and many prisoners. The Union cavalry was now in 
 front of the Confederate works, and Crawford's Division of troops concentrated 
 at right angles with the White Oak Road. At this point Crawford experienced 
 .a most stubborn resistance. The troops in the turmoil, becoming somewhat dis- 
 organized, had halted without orders. It was a most critical period. General 
 Warren, seizing the Corps colors and spurring his horse to the front, called 
 on Crawford's men to follow him. The effect was electrical. There was a 
 wild rush, irrespective of organization, and a large part of the enemy that re- 
 mained were captured. General Warren's horse was shot under him, and but 
 for the timely interference of Colonel Richardson, of the Seventh Michigan, 
 Warren might have been killed. In his efforts to shield his beloved commander. 
 Colonel Richardson was himself mortally wounded. The few of the enemy that 
 ■escaped were pursued by Warren's troops in squads till night, and many of the 
 exhausted fugitives surrendered. Thus ended the battle of Five Forks, one of 
 the most brilliant and certainly the most decisive battle of the war. General 
 Sheridan suggested the general plan of attack, but it was Warren with the Fifth 
 Corps who arranged the details and fought and won the battle, it being mainly 
 a battle between the infantry of both armies. The trophies left in possession of 
 General Warren's troops were many guns and battle flags, and more than five 
 thousand prisoners. 
 
 Incidents of the Five Forks C.'\mp-'\ign. 
 
 In this engagement and rout of the enemy from their last stronghold, the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth captured a prisoner for every man in the Regiment, 
 three guns and a number of wagons and ambulances. 
 
 Among the brigades suff'ering most severely in the fight immediately under 
 Warren on the right was the command led by Brigadier-General Richard Coulter, 
 whose conspicuous gallantry in all the battles of the Army of the Potomac, from 
 the first Bull Run to Five Forks, had earned for him not only well-deserved 
 promotion, but also the title of " Fighting Dick," an epithet which he cordially 
 despised. His command suft'ered the heaviest in casualties of any brigade in 
 the action of Five Forks. 
 
 General George A. Custer, commanding a division of cavalry, also serving 
 on the right at Five Forks, was credited in General Warren's official report with 
 most conspicuous services in the final attack, defeat, and pursuit of the Con- 
 federates in their last stand and assault upon Crawford's Division at Five Forks ; 
 Warren's report also detailing the number of battle flags and prisoners captured 
 ty Custer's Cavalry on the same part of the battlefield on which they charged 
 the enemy. 
 
 The losses of Crawford's Division, led by Warren in person, exceeded con- 
 siderably the losses of the other two divisions of the Fifth Corps combined. 
 
 Among the many officers killed in this brilliant and successful assault on 
 the Confederate works at Five Forks, as already stated, was Brigadier-General 
 Frederic Winthrop, of New York, commanding the First Brigade, Second Di- 
 -vision, Fifth Corps. While leading the charge at the head of his troops, this 
 
352 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 BRIG-GEN. FRED WINTHROP. 
 
 distinguished young officer, in his twenty- 
 seventh year, was mortally wounded by a 
 shot through the lungs. He survived his 
 wound scarcely two hours, and when told 
 that the assault had been completely suc- 
 cessful, exclaimed, " Thank God, I am now 
 willing to die." 
 
 Gexeral \\'.\krex Removed from 
 
 Command. 
 
 April ■?. ISG.5, the announcement was 
 made in general orders that Petersburg had 
 fallen, the news, though expected by the 
 troops, being received with acclamations 
 and great demonstrations of joy. While still 
 felicitating themselves over the joyful an- 
 nouncement, the astounding news came that 
 General Warren had been removed by Gen- 
 eral Sheridan from the command of the 
 Fifth Corps at the moment of the victory at 
 Five Forks. The information seemed in- 
 credible. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and all the troops of the Fifth Corps 
 were shocked and indignant at this action, and for hours following were scarcely 
 able to credit the news, attributing the report to baseless camp rumors. The 
 announcement, however, proved to be only too true. 
 
 Without detracting in the least from the fame of General Sheridan and his 
 brave troopers, the fact stands out clear and uncontradicted in the history 
 of that period that it was the brilliant generalship of General Warren and the 
 courageous fighting of his invincible infantry corps that consummated the fall 
 of the Confederate Capital, and rendered the glory of Appomattox a certainty. 
 And just at the supreme moment, when the glorious news that Liberty and 
 Self-government were once more triumphant was encircling the globe on the 
 wings of the lightning ; when the bells were ringing and bonfires blazing over the 
 joyful tidings throughout the North, General Sheridan, with authority from 
 General Grant, removed General Warren. 
 
 For sixteen vears General Warren knocked yearly at the doors of the Gov- 
 ernment for a Court of Liquiry. ami it was not granted until the Presidency of 
 Rutherford B. Hayes. It was in vain that he appealed to the authorities in \\'ash- 
 ington, after his arbitrarv removal from the command of the Fifth Corps and 
 the failure to prefer charges of any kind against him, for a Court of Inquiry. 
 Under President Hayes' administration a commission of Major-Generals of the 
 United States army was appointed as a Court of Inquiry. General Hancock was 
 detailed for service in the Court, but was soon afterward nominated for the 
 Presidency and was obliged to withdraw from the service. This declination of 
 General Hancock, it was said, greatly affected General Warren at the time. 
 
UNDER THE ^LALTESE CROSS. 353 
 
 because of his great faith and confidence in Hancock's sense of justice. General 
 George A. Custer, commanding a division of cavalry, side by side with General 
 Warren, in his report of the battle, paid the highest tribute to the energy, ability 
 and soldierly qualities exhibited by Warren in the action. General Charles 
 Griffin and General Romeyn B. .\\res, in official letters furnished soon after the 
 event, bore testimony to General Warren, refuting the insinuations that he had 
 left anything undone in co-operating with General Sheridan. General S. W. 
 Crawford, the Division commander, and General Richard Coulter were witnesses 
 at the Court of Inquiry, and testified from their personal observation as com- 
 manders in the battle to the great valor, distinguished gallantrv and intrepidity 
 of General W^arren at Five Eorks, and to the further fact that the division, com- 
 manded by General Crawford and led by Warren, had sustained more loss in 
 killed and wounded in the action of Five Forks than did the divisions of Griffin 
 and Ayres, with whom Sheridan was present. They furthermore in official re- 
 ports certified to the capture of several thousand Confederate prisoners and 
 numerous stands of colors of the enemy. After months of deliberation, the 
 Court of Inquiry completely exonerated General ^^'arren from blame of any 
 kind, whilst conceding the discretionary right and power vested in General 
 Sheridan to remove Warren with nr without cause. 
 
 As the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, somewhat strung mit and scattered by 
 the under-brush and other obstructions, advanced, they suddenly came upon the 
 enemy's field hospitals, where the Confederate surgeons were dressing their 
 wounded. 
 
 Pushing forward, the Regiment soon reached an open space in the rear of 
 the enemy's works, but found their further progress intercepted b\- a ravine filled 
 with bushes. The crossing of this depression caused more confusion in the ranks, 
 and as the Regiment climbetl up the opposite bank, the men found themselves 
 face to face with a strong column of Confederate reinforcements marching in 
 the rear of their works. Before regaining their breath and forming into anything 
 like a semblance of order, the Regiment received a volley from the reinforced 
 enemy which threw the troops into worse confusion, and caused them to fall 
 back into the woods from which they had just emerged. 
 
 Major Cline, who had command of the Regiment, gallantly rode among the 
 boys and quickly rallied them. Not waiting to regain his hat, which had been 
 knocked off by an overhanging branch, the major bravely led the Regiment in 
 a renewed attack upon the enemy, which was made with such impetuosity that 
 the Confederates in their front threw down their arms and surrendered. \Vhen 
 the battle finally ended, it was found the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth had cap- 
 tured more prisoners than there were men in the Regiment, besides three pieces 
 of artillery, and a number of caissons, army wagons, ambulances, etc. 
 
 The Regiment suiTered severely in the action. Among the many casualties 
 were Captain George P. ]\IcCleIland, who commanded Company F in the engage- 
 ment. He received a serious wound in the thigh, and was for half an hour a 
 prisoner in the hands of the enemy. He was rescued, however, by the grand 
 counter-charge of the Regiment. 
 
354 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 The Captain's wound was deemed a mortal one, and he was removed to a 
 field hospital and as tenderly cared for as the surrounding conditions would per- 
 mit. To the surprise and pleasure of his comrades. Captain McClelland survived 
 his injury, and after months of suffering finally recovered sufficiently to return 
 to the peaceful pursuits of civil life. 
 
 Lieutenant Thomas B. Dunn, of Company C, was also badly wounded in the 
 knee, from which he died a few hours later. It was his first appearance after 
 being promoted to First Lieutenant for gallant and meritorious services in many 
 battles. He had just returned from home on a furlough, and wore a new uniform 
 presented to him by friends. General Pearson visited him in the field hospital, 
 and urged Doctor Kitchin, the Regimental surgeon, to do his best for the Lieu- 
 tenant, promising him a substantial reward if he could save the life of his 
 wounded friend, but all without avail. 
 
 The brave Sergeant Hughey Park, of Company E, was wounded in the 
 groin in this battle, finally dying of his wound years afterwards. He had escaped 
 unscathed in all previous campaigns. 
 
 During the half-hour interval between the first and the second charge by the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, several members of the Regiment who were 
 leading the advance in the first charge were captured by the enemy. 
 
 Among those thus captured were Sergeant J. A. McDowell, of Company F, 
 and Solomon Durnell and Daniel Hawk, of Company K, all of whom had exciting 
 experiences until recaptured by the second charge of the Regiment. Sergeant 
 \Mlliam Logan, who had been detailed from Company I, for duty with the Corps 
 battalion of sharpshooters, while with his detachment had a narrow escape from 
 capture by Pickett's Confederate division in this action. The detail had been 
 assigned to duty on the flank, and were very nnich exposed. When the battle 
 was over, six sharpshooters were found killed, but the survivors all escaped 
 capture. 
 
 As a sequel to Major Cline's experiences, it may be mentioned that a few 
 days later, at Appomattox, he discovered his lost hat on the head of a Confederate 
 prisoner. On learning, however, that the Confederate had bought the hat from 
 a fellow prisoner who had found it at Five Forks, paying therefor three hundred 
 dollars, Confederate money, the gallant Major declined to reclaim the hat. 
 
 On the morning following the battle of Five Forks, when the rolls of the 
 various companies were called, the missing were carefully sought for in the 
 woods and grounds through and over which the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth had 
 advanced in its wild rush. Among the missing was Sergeant Asbur\- Secrist, of 
 Company F. He and a Confederate soldier were found dead in the woods, lying 
 feet to feet, each with a bullet hole in his forehead, both muskets empty. So far 
 as is known, no mortal eye witnessed that deadly combat. Only friend and foe 
 and God were present. In the impetuous onslaught they had met and both died. 
 Sad and shocking as was the spectacle, the sequel was still sadder. Away back 
 in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, both the aged parents of young Secrist sickened 
 and died with grief within a short period after hearing the sad tidings, the mother 
 losing her reason before dying. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 355 
 
 SGT ASBURY SECRIST. 
 
356 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 That is the story of but one side. Had Sergeant Secrist's Confederate an- 
 tagonist a wife, mother or father? His name never became known, there being 
 nothing on his person by which he could be identified. Did some trembhng, 
 hoping, loved one in the sunny Southland watch and wait and pray in agony of 
 expectation for the step and knock that would never be heard, and pine away 
 for tidings no human being could ever bring? God knows. 
 
 In the afternoon of the "Bd of April, 1S65, the Regiment marched in line of 
 battle to the Southside Railroad at a point about fifteen miles from Petersburg, 
 and turning to the right marched in the direction of the fallen city until night 
 set in, when the Regiment went into bivouac, being satisfied that the news regard- 
 ing the capture of Petersburg was correct. 
 
 The doom of the fallen city was sealed, as the uninterrupted and incessant 
 bombardment with the heaviest siege guns the entire night previous was bound 
 to penetrate the weak spots in Lee's defenses. 
 
 General Lee was soon made aware of the terrible disaster to his army at 
 Five Forks. Its full significance was apparent to him. His right flank had been 
 turned, and the Fifth Corps, now with Griffin as commander, was in his rear. 
 The problem with Lee now was how he could hold on until he could provide for a 
 retreat. 
 
 News of A'ictories. — Pursuit of Conff.derate Army. 
 
 Breaking camp April 3, 1865, the Regiment marched in the direction of 
 Richmond, but halted on announcement being made that Richmond also had 
 fallen, and that the Confederate army, in a demoralized condition, was trying 
 to escape to North Carolina. Then the Fifth Corps let itself loose — the One 
 Hundred and Fiftv-fifth especially, cheering itself hoarse. Within half an hour 
 the Regiment and all brigades and division of the Fifth Corps were retracing 
 their steps, and starting on a long, arduous march to intercept the Confederate 
 army. Sheridan was in the advance with his cavalry, and although he would 
 have preferred his old Sixth Corps, yet requiring the support of infantry troops 
 that could endure the fatigues of long, rapid marches, and whose fighting qualities 
 could be depended upon in the most critical emergency, he hesitated not a mo- 
 ment before selecting the Fifth Army Corps. 
 
 Thus was initiated the first scene in the last act of the great tragedy, which 
 had its commencement on the l?th of April, 1861, when the first Confederate shot 
 was fired against Fort Sumter. 
 
 The afternoon of April -I. 1865, the Fifth Corps arrived at Jetersville at 
 about the time the vanguard of Lee's army arrived at Amelia Court House, nine 
 miles distant, and about the same distance from Burkesville Junction. The Corps 
 found Sheridan's cavalry intrenched in a slight line of rifle pits extending across 
 the Richmond & Danville Railroad, and skirmishing with bodies of Confederate 
 cavalry towards Amelia Court House, and being greatly concerned lest the Fifth 
 Corps would not arrive in time. The Fifth Corps immediately occupied the cav- 
 alry works, and in a short time with pick and shovel had them thick and high. 
 The Union cavalrv moved off to take care of the flanks and the outposts on the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 357 
 
 road to Amelia Court House. The next day, April 5th. the tired troops of the 
 Second and the Sixth Corps began to arrive and the Regiment felt that Lee 
 was eft'ectually headed off in his retreat to Danville to unite with General John- 
 ston. At the same time General Ord with the Twenty-fourth Corps was arriving 
 at Bnrkesville Junction. The next morning, April 6th, at daylight, found two 
 divisions of Union cavalry massed, saddled and bridled, in front of the works 
 of the Fifth Corps — one on each side of the road leading to Amelia Court 
 House. A few minutes later appeared Generals Grant, Sheridan, Meade, Griffin 
 and the Division commanders of the cavalry and of the Fifth Corps, and possibly 
 Generals Humphreys and Wright, all mounted. The scene was an unusual and 
 notable one. A squad of Sheridan's scouts approached on the gallop and made 
 a report to Sheridan personally. From the gestures and pointings of these 
 scouts, the troops in line assumed that General Lee's army was endeavoring to 
 pass to the westward of the position of the Fifth Corps. General Sheridan re- 
 ported to General Grant, and after a very short consultation a decision was 
 reached. 
 
 A few orders from General Grant and then the cavalry bugles began to blow 
 at each division, each brigade, each regimental and each troop headquarters, all 
 blowing at once. There was " mounting in hot haste," as the cavalry moved 
 out on the road to Amelia Court House. 
 
 The Fifth Corps bugles immediately began sovniding the general " pack up " 
 call, and the troops were soon in motion, still following the cavalry up the Amelia 
 Court House road, and, after a march of three miles westwardly, were soon on 
 the trail of Lee's army, which had evidently been marching all night. During the 
 day's march some four hundred of Lee's disabled army wagons were passed. 
 About the middle of the day heav}' firing on the right of the Fifth Corps' line 
 of march indicated that the Second and the Sixth Corps, moving on a shorter 
 line, had struck the Confederate army at Sailors Creek. The battle lasted until 
 evening, resulting in the capture of six thousand Confederates, including nine 
 general officers, many pieces of artillery, wagons, etc. 
 
 The Regiment, with the Fifth Corps, marched in a circle that day, following 
 Lee's army twenty-seven miles, and camped at night only nine miles in an air 
 line from the starting point of the morning. 
 
 April 7, 1865. The Regiment and the Fifth Corps was on the march again 
 at daylight in the neighborhood of High Bridge, where the Second Corps had 
 been skirmishing with the rear guard of Lee's army. All day the Fifth Corps 
 followed Sheridan's Cavalry, passing south of Lee's army through Prince Ed- 
 wards Court House, camping at night in the neighborhood of Pamplin's Depot. 
 At daylight on the morning of the 8th of April the march was resumed, follow- 
 ing Sheridan's Cavalry at a rapid gait all day, reaching, that evening, Appomat- 
 tox Depot on the Lynchburg Railroad, where the cavalry had captured four 
 supply trains loaded with provisions intended for Lee's army. The cavalry boys 
 liad detached the four engines and were having their fun running them up and 
 •down the track, ringing the bells and tooting the whistles. These sounds, to the 
 ears of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, seemed like a return to civilization. 
 The Fifth Corps crossed the track and passed on a couple of miles northwest, 
 
358 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 APPOMATTOX. SHOWING POSITION OF 155TH PA. VOLS. ON RECEIVING FLAG OF TRUCE. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 359 
 
 going into bivouac about two o'clock in the morning, near where Custer's Cav- 
 alry was having a skirmish with Lee's advance guard. General Ord's Twenty- 
 fourth Corps reached Appomattox Depot shortly after the Fifth Corps, and both 
 these corps were now as squarely planted across Lee's path on the road to Lynch- 
 burg as they had been at Jetersville, and the sentiment in the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth now was that if Lee escaped on the morrow, it would not be through 
 their lines. 
 
 The Surrender of the Confederate Army. 
 
 April 0, ]865. Too much worn out from exhaustive marches to cook or to 
 eat, the weary One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment bivouacked at two o'clock 
 A. M., this day, at the sides of the road, and before the Regiment had rested or 
 had time to make coffee, firing in front warned the command that the second 
 scene in the last act of the great tragedy was about to be enacted. General Bart- 
 lett's Brigade was at once formed in line of battle, and the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, now under command of Major John A. Cline, was ordered to the 
 front. The Confederates, believing they were opposed by cavalry only, had 
 already advanced to brush the latter aside, and to continue their retreat. The 
 firing became rapid as the cavalry gradually fell back. The commands came 
 sharp and quick from the brigade commander, General Bartlett, " One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth — Forward as skirmishers! On center! Take intervals! De- 
 ploy!" These movements being quickly executed by the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, the skirmish line covered the entire front of Bartlett's Brigade, which 
 rapidly formed in line of battle. As the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, now de- 
 ployed as skirmishers, advanced, the Union cavalry parted and, turning to the 
 right and left, rode ofl-' the field, uncovering the advancing infantry skirmish line 
 of the Regiment. The spectacle of the glittering arms and serried ranks of the 
 Union infantry had all the effect of a stunning and unexpected blow to the Con- 
 federates, who immediately began to fall back through the village of Appomattox. 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth skirmish line pressed closely on the rear of the 
 Confederates, capturing on the road seventy-seven men, the remnant of an 
 Alabama brigade, and two pieces of artillery which had been firing. 
 
 Whilst the right of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth skirmish line, which ex- 
 tended a considerable distance along the ridge overlooking the village of Appo- 
 mattox, was engaged, a mounted courier suddenly emerged from a wooded grove 
 within the Confederate lines bearing uplifted a small white flag of truce, and gal- 
 loped directly to the Union front, reaching the firing line occupied by the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth. No attempt was made from the Union line to interrupt 
 this messenger bearing the emblem recognized in time of war as a cause for sus- 
 pending fire. On reaching the skirmish line, the courier was received by Sergeant- 
 Major William Shore, who, by orders of Major Cline, of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, commanding the skirmish line, conducted him to General J. L. Cham- 
 berlain, commanding the Division. The Confederates were no doubt induced to 
 send in the flag of truce by the discovery a short time previous that instead of 
 being pursued by the advance of cavalry and that cavalry was the only force in 
 their front, they were facing infantry. The_v were much astonished on the with- 
 
360 
 
 LTNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 drawal of the Union cavalry to discover the whole Fifth Corps infantry in bat- 
 tle line advancing to the attack, and cutting off all chance of retreat bv the line 
 they had chosen. 
 
 The arrival of the messenger with the flag of truce at General Griffin's 
 headquarters, to which he had been forwarded by General Chamberlain, resulted 
 in the immediate despatch of Captain George AI. Laughlin, aide-de-camp on 
 General Griffin's staff", with orders to be delivered by him to Major Cline, com- 
 manding the Regiment, on the advance skir- 
 mish line, at once to cease firing. This ex- 
 tremely hazardous duty Captain Laughlin 
 promptly performed. The Confederates, how- 
 ever, through some misunderstanding, con- 
 tinued their firing at points along the line, in 
 disregard of their own flag of truce. Persist- 
 ing in this. General Griffin, on receiving re- 
 ports froiu Captain Laughlin that the Con- 
 federates were disregarding their own flag of 
 truce by firing, ordered Captain Laughlin to 
 return to the front and deliver an order to 
 Major Cline to resume firing until the enemy 
 ceased. Li delivering these orders, Major 
 Laughlin was exposed to a galling fire from 
 the enemy. Finally, when the Confederates 
 stopped firing. Captain Laughlin again de- 
 livered General Griffin's orders for the last 
 time for the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth to 
 " cease firing,'' which order was obeyed and 
 not a hostile shot on either side was after- 
 wards exchanged. 
 
 De.\th of Young Montgomery. 
 
 During these intervals of firing the One 
 Hunilred and Fifty-fifth had several killed and 
 wounded, one of the saddest and most pa- 
 thetic being that of Private William Mont- 
 gomery, of Company I, who, while loading and 
 firing, was mortally wounded by a cannon ball. 
 The pathetic feature of this young soldier's 
 death being that he had scarcely reached his fifteenth year, and had been in the 
 service but a few months, his life being really sacrificed after a flag of truce 
 was within the L'nion lines, and through which the peace of Appomattox oc- 
 curred. This young Pittsburg boy's life was undoubtedly the last sacrifice which 
 was offered up to the Union cause in the Army of the Potomac, as the final 
 orders to cease firing had been delivered on both sides but a few moments before 
 the hostile shot ended this young patriot's life, and no further casualties occurred. 
 
 SGT.-MAJ. WILLIAM SHORE. Jr. 
 
UNDER THE ^lALTESE CROSS. 
 
 361 
 
 WILLIAM MONTGOMERY. 
 
362 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Young Alontgomery's last words were messages of love and affection to his 
 mother and the tender of comforting hopes that his injuries were not 
 serious. He expired the following da}-, while the paroling ceremonies were being 
 enacted. 
 
 A few disorganized Confederate regiments were unwilling to surrender, and 
 wanted to fight it out, truce or no truce. A magnificent spectacle was presented 
 during the morning of April 9, when Merritt's bugles sounded the charge, and a 
 whole division of Union cavalry went thundering down on the South Carolinians, 
 who, without officers, persisted in firing. Guidons bending to the front, sabers 
 gleaming, and the troopers cheering, Merritt's men soon captured the belligerent 
 Confederates. 
 
 Many of the One Hundred and Fift}-fifth at this time were suft'ering from 
 hunger and fatiguing marches, but never did more refreshing news come to any 
 troops than the announcement which this flag of truce conveyed to the Regi- 
 ment. Hunger and exhaustion, however, were forgotten amid the universal 
 joy. 
 
 The position occupied by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth on the skirmish 
 line was on a commanding ridge from which the entire landscape, including the 
 village of Appomattox, could be seen. The Confederate army was visible on 
 both sides of the road, and the ^McLean Mansion where the negotiations between 
 Grant and Lee were being conducted, was distinctly within the range of vision. 
 It was a most advantageous position for the Union troops, had the negotiations 
 for the surrender failed. \Mien the terms had been satisfactorily arranged be- 
 tween Grant and Lee and the latter finally rode back along the line of Confed- 
 erate troops, he was greeted with immense demonstrations of joy by his men, the 
 cheering, however, having a more joyful significance to the Union troops than it 
 had on any previous occasion. 
 
 Teems of Surrender Concluded. 
 
 The day was well advanced when the two armies settled down quietly to 
 await the result of the peace negotiations between Generals Grant and Lee. 
 When the negotiations were finally concluded. General Lee came down from the 
 porch of the ilcLean House, mounted his heavy gray horse, and rode back to 
 his armv. A few minutes later a Union staff" officer came down and announced 
 that the Army of Northern Mrginia had surrendered. Shortly after this an- 
 nouncement a Union battery about one hundred yards distant from the McLean 
 Mansion began firing a salute, when immediately a couple of aides came dashing 
 down from the porch with orders from General Grant to stop the salute, saying 
 that there must be no exultation over the fallen foe. 
 
 General Grant wrote the following letter of terms of surrender in the 
 presence of General Lee and his Chief-of-Staff", Colonel Charles jMarshall, 
 namelv : 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 363 
 
364 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 " Appomattox Court House, Virginia. 
 
 " April 9, 1865. 
 " General R. E. Lee, 
 
 " Commanding C. S. A. 
 
 " General :— 
 
 " In accordance with the substance of my letter to you of the 8th inst., I pro- 
 pose to receive the surrender of the Army 
 of North ^'irginia on the following terms, 
 to-wit : Rolls of all the officers and 
 men to be made in duplicate. One copy 
 to be given to an officer or officers as 
 you may designate. The officers to give 
 their individual paroles not to take up 
 arms against the Government of the United 
 States until properly exchanged, and 
 each company or regimental commander 
 sign a like parole for the men of his 
 command. 
 
 " The arms, artillery and public prop- 
 erty to be parked and stacked and turned 
 over to the officers appointed by me to 
 receive them. This will not embrace the 
 side-arms of the officers nor their private 
 horses or baggage. This done, each officer 
 and man will be allowed to return to his 
 home, not to be disturbed by United States 
 authority so long as they observe their pa- 
 roles and the laws in force where they may 
 reside. 
 
 LIEUT.-GEN. U. S. GRANT. 
 
 " Very respectfully, 
 
 U. S. Gr.^xt, Lieut. -Gen.' 
 
 General Lee, after reading the letter of General Grant, wrote the following: 
 " Headquarters Army of Northern Virginia, 
 
 " April 9, 1865. 
 
 " General : — I have received your letter of this date containing the terms of 
 surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, as proposed by you. As they are 
 substantially the same as those expressed in your letter of the 8th inst., they are 
 accepted. I will proceed to designate the proper officers to carry the stipulations 
 into effect. 
 
 ■■ R. E. Lee, General." 
 
 To Lieutenant-General Grant. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 365 
 
 General Lee's Farewell Order. 
 
 When General Lee entered his hnes after the surrender there was a continu- 
 ous cheering as he progressed to his headquarters, from which he immediately 
 issued the following General Order : 
 
 " Headquarters Army Northern \irginia. 
 
 " April 10, 1865. 
 " General Order No. 9 : 
 
 " After four years of arduous service, marked by unsurpassed courage and 
 fortitude, the Army of Northern \'irginia has been compelled to yield to over- 
 whelming numbers and resources. I need not tell the brave survivors of so many 
 hard-fought battles who have remamed steadfast to the last that I have consented 
 to the result from no distrust of them ; but feeling that valor and devotion could 
 accomplish nothing that would compensate for the loss that must have attended 
 the continuance of the contest, I determined to avoid the useless sacrifice of those 
 whose past services have endeared them to their countrymen. 
 
 '■ By the terms of the agreement, officers and men can return to their homes 
 and remain until exchanged. You will take with you the satisfaction that pro- 
 ceeds from the consciousness of duty faithfully performed, and I earnestly pray 
 that a merciful God will extend you his Ijlessing and protection. With an in- 
 creasing admiration of your countrymen and devotion to your country, and a 
 grateful remembrance of your kind and generous consideration for myself, I 
 bid you an affectionate farewell. 
 
 " R. E. Lee, General." 
 
 Parole of General Robert E. Lee and Staff. 
 
 We, the undersigned prisoners of war, belonging to the Army of Northern 
 \'irginia, having been this day surrendered by General Robert E. Lee, C. S. Army, 
 commanding said army, to Lieutenant-General L'. S. Grant, commanding armies 
 of the L'nited States, do hereby give our solemn parole of honor that we will not 
 hereafter serve in the armies of the Confederate States of America, or render aid 
 to the enemies of the United States until properly exchanged in such manner as 
 shall be mutually approved by the respective authorities. 
 
 Done at Appomattox Court House, A'a., this 9th day of April, 186.3. 
 
 (Sgd.) R. E. Lee, General. 
 
 W. H. Taylor, Lieutenant-Colonel and Assistant Adjutant General. 
 
 Charles S. Venable, Lieutenant-Colonel and Assistant Adjutant General. 
 
 Charles Marshall, Lieutenant-Colonel and Assistant Adjutant General. 
 
 H. E. Payton, Lieutenant-Colonel, Adjutant and Inspector General. 
 
 Giles B. Cook, Major and Assistant Adjutant and Inspector General. 
 
 H. E. Young, Major. Assistant Adjutant General and Judge Advocate 
 General. 
 
366 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 INDORSEMENT : 
 
 The within named officers will not be disturbed by the United States au- 
 thorities so long as they observe their parole and the laws in force where they 
 may reside. 
 
 (Sgd.) George H. Sharpe, 
 Assistant Provost Marshal General. 
 
 As soon as General Lee returned to his troops and issued this general order, 
 the Confederate General Gordon assembled the men of his corps and addressed 
 them in a powerful speech, telling them they had done all that men could do, and 
 now their duty was at their homes, to their mothers, sisters, wives and children, 
 and bloodshed and tears should cease. During this eloquent address of General 
 Gordon, the tears streamed down his cheeks, and there was not a dry eye among 
 the hardened veterans of his corps. General Gordon continued until his death a 
 sincere and devoted citizen and his influence was ever after always for the good 
 of the country he had fought so hard to destroy. 
 
 The Union officers named by General Grant to carry the stipulations into 
 effect were Generals Gibbon, Griffin and Merritt. General Lee, for the Con- 
 federates, appointed Generals Longstreet, Gordon and Pendleton. 
 
 The troops designated to remain to receive the surrender were : 
 
 General Gibbon, Second Division Infantry, with artillery. 
 General Griffin, Third Division Infantry, with artillery. 
 General MacKenzie, First Division Cavalry, with artillery. 
 
 As the Union amiy had started on the campaign with but twelve days' ra- 
 tions, and that period having about expired, the army supplies were about ex- 
 hausted. General Grant having ordered 30,000 rations to be furnished the 
 Confederates, the supply was still further diminished. The other corps of the 
 Union army were, therefore, ordered back to Burkesville Junction to receive food 
 and forage by the railroad. By the morning of the 12th, the remaining troops 
 designated to receive the formal surrender were doing duty on both empty stom- 
 achs and empty haversacks. A small hand printing-press having been found at 
 one of the corps headquarters of the Union army, the 10th and 11th of April 
 were spent in preparing forms of paroles and making duplicate rolls. 
 
 By the irony of fate, April 12th, the fourth anniversary of the firing on Sum- 
 ter, was the day appointed for the ceremonies attending the formal surrender of 
 the Army of Northern Virginia. 
 
 The Fifth Corps Receives the Formal Surrender. 
 
 By General Meade's order the Fifth Corps, General Griffin in command, was 
 designated to receive the formal surrender. 
 
RICHMOND 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. :i67 
 
 General Griffin, having selected his former division, now commanded by Gen- 
 eral J. L. Chamberlain, to receive the arms and colors of the Confederates, 
 recognized the latter's claim by reason of seniority, to command the Third 
 Brigade, which had been assigned to conduct the parade. For this purpose 
 Brevet Brigadier-General Pearson, who had been the commander of that Brigade 
 in the final campaigns from Hatcher's Run to the firing line at Appomattox, was 
 temporarily assigned to command the First Brigade, resuming command of the 
 Third Brigade on the homeward march and the final review of the Army of the 
 Potomac, May, 1865. 
 
 The Third Brigade, thus honored, was formed entirely from the eight veteran 
 regiments of Chamberlain's Division, as follows : 
 
 One Plundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania. 
 
 Twentieth Regiment Maine. 
 
 Thirty-second Regiment Massachusetts. 
 
 First Regiment Michigan. 
 
 Sixteenth Regiment Michigan. 
 
 Eighty-third Regiment Pennsylvania. 
 
 Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania. 
 
 One Company First Maine Sharpshooters. 
 
 At 9 A. M., April 12th, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was relieved from its 
 position on the skirmish line, which it had been occupying continuously since the 
 morning of the 9th, and with the Third Brigade was drawn up on the right of 
 the road leading into the village, muskets loaded and bayonets fixed, General 
 Chamberlain and staff on the right of the line, adjacent to the hamlet. 
 
 The First Brigade, under Brevet Brigadier-General Pearson, and the Second 
 Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General E. M. Gregory, formed on the opposite side 
 of the road beyond the left of the Third Brigade, facing the prolongation of the 
 Third Brigade. 
 
 At 9: 30, a half hour later, the silvery tones of the bugles brought the troops 
 to " attention '" and soon the first Confederate brigade made its appearance, march- 
 ing through the village and along the road in front of the Third Brigade. When 
 the head of the Confederate column reached the left of the Third Brigade, and 
 directly opposite the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, their commander gave the com- 
 mand, " Halt ! Close Up ! Front Face ! Stack Arms 1 Unsling Cartridge Boxes ! 
 Hang on Stacks!" This being done, the command was given, "Right Face! 
 Forward I Countermarch by File Right, March ! " and away they went unarmed 
 and colorless, back to their camp. 
 
 As soon as this brigade, which it was learned was Evans' Brigade, of Gor- 
 don's Corps, had departed, the troops of the Third Brigade, by orders of General 
 Chamberlain, then stacked arms and took down the Confederate stacks, piling the 
 muskets on the ground in their rear, muzzles outward. One Confederate brigade 
 succeeded another all day long, continuing until nearly 5 p. m. ; and as S. W. 
 Hill, a member of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, who was present at these 
 
368 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 final ceremonies, expresses it, " There was no need to stop for lunch, as there 
 was not a cracker nor a bean in the Third Brigade, General Grant's orders of 
 30,000 rations to the Confederates having exhausted the supplies of his own 
 men." 
 
 It was evident that the Confederates were much dejected, though there ap- 
 peared an expression of relief on their faces as they marched away, and their de- 
 pression may have been caused more b}- hunger and emaciation than by the chagrin 
 of defeat. Most of them acted in a soldierly manner, but occasionally one would 
 ■display ill-temper by peevishly throwing his cartridge box at the foot of the stacks 
 instead of hanging it thereon. 
 
 The color guards, having stacked their arms, the color-bearers deposited their 
 flag against their stacks — some of them with tears in their eyes bidding farewell 
 with a kiss to the tattered rags they had borne through so many dangers. The 
 scene during the day was pathetic in the extreme, and tears welled up in the eyes 
 of many a seasoned veteran in the Union lines. 
 
 When the last Confederate brigade had disappeared there was a pile of 
 muskets shoulder-high, which the ami}- wagons soon hauled away. The Army 
 of Northern A'irginia, the pride of the Confederacy, the invincible, upon which 
 their hopes and faith had been reposed, had disappeared forever, existing thence- 
 forth in memory only. 
 
 The total number of Confederates who received paroles at Appomattox 
 reached about 28,000, though less than half that number had arms to surrender. 
 Between the opening of the campaign on the 29th of March and the 9th of April 
 more than 19,000 prisoners and 689 pieces of artillery had been captured. 
 
 Twenty-eight thousand hatless, shoeless, famishing men were cast adrift by 
 the collapse of the Confederacy, hundreds of miles from their poverty-stricken 
 homes. While the low-hovering smoke of battlefields had lifted, yet the embers 
 and ashes of war had left desolate the entire intervening region, and the outlook 
 of these disheartened and penniless men was indeed cheerless. With the true 
 American spirit of humanity, those of the Union soldiers who had any money 
 freely and generously shared it with their former enemies, and many Confederates 
 were assisted to reach their homes in the Southwest by way of northern 
 railroads. 
 
 In the words of a gifted writer, " For ourselves the war was over — Othello's 
 occupation gone. Our thoughts were homeward. We had followed the flag 
 through defeat, disaster and sufi^ering, and now in victory so hard won we could 
 not exult over a fallen foe. We wanted them for fellow citizens, and we suc- 
 ceeded in getting them. We were sure they would help up-build our common 
 country. We had captured their arms, their flags and their hearts. In retrospect, 
 how many who had tramped with us had fallen by the wayside, and sealing their 
 ■devotion with their life's sacrifice, were denied participation in the consummation 
 of the victory we had just witnessed. They had marched and sang with us, 
 ■' We'll hang Jeff Davis on a Sour Apple Tree, as we go marching on — Glory, 
 Glory, Halleluiah ! ' and as we watched the last Confederate disappear surely 
 the shades of comrades gone before would unite with us in singing, ' Glory, 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 369 
 
 Glory, Halleluiah ! ' There is Peace in all the land ! and from every town and 
 hamlet and every bereaved heart in the Great Northland would come the 
 response — 
 
 ' Praise God from whom all blessings flow, 
 
 There is Peace in all the land, 
 
 There is Peace.' " 
 
 
 GEN. LEE LEAVING McLEAN HOUSE AT APPOMATTOX. 
 
370 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
UNDER THE JiIALTESE CROSS. 371 
 
 Chapter XVII. 
 
 APPOMATTOX INCIDENTS.— HOMEWARD MARCH. 
 
 Incidents of Fl.'\g of Truce. — Serge.\xt Shore's Reception of Truce Bearer. 
 — Return of Army to Washington. — Fifth Corps Reviewed in Petersburg 
 BY General Warren. — March of Troops Through Richmond.— Grand Re- 
 view IN Washington. — Farewell Address of General Meade to Army of 
 Potomac. — Return of One Hundred and Fifty-fifth to Pittsburg. — Public 
 Reception and Dinner. — Parade and Public Exhibition and Drill in Alle- 
 gheny Parks. — Regiment jMustered Out of Service. 
 
 Number of Confederates Paroled. 
 
 [CCORDING to the records of the ^^'ar Department, the number of 
 officers and eiiHsted men of the Army of Northern Virginia paroled 
 at Appomattox on the 9th of April, 186.5, was a total of twenty- 
 two thousand, three hundred and thirty-five infantry, composed of 
 Gordon's and Ewell's Corps. The cavalr\- and artillery corps and 
 detachments swelled the grand total up to twenty-eight thousand, three hundred 
 and fifty-si.x men. It has been stated that of the troops surrendered only eight 
 thousand had arms in their hands. If this was correct, then the greater part of 
 those men who had no arms must have thrown them away when they found 
 they must surrender. The casualties of the Union army in these closing opera- 
 tions, from the SOth of March to the 9th of April, of officers and enlisted men, 
 killed, wounded and missing made a total of nine thousand, nine hundred and 
 forty- four. 
 
 General Griffin, to whom Grant assigned the order of arranging the final 
 details for the surrender and parole of Lee's army, in compliment to General 
 Joshua L. Chamberlain, commanding the First Brigade of Bartlett's Division, 
 designated him to command the parade and final review. 
 
 General Chamberlain, who, in acknowledgment of his valuable services on 
 many a bloody field, and at Gettysburg in particular, had been assigned the honor 
 of receiving the arms and colors of the Confederate army, asked for the famous 
 old Third Brigade of the First Division of the Fifth Corps, with which he had 
 been so long identified. His request was granted, and it was the Third Brigade, 
 including the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, that he found in line of battle on 
 the morning of the 12th of April, 1865, to participate in the last ceremony of 
 the formal surrender of Lee's once magnificent army. 
 
373 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 UNION SCOUT A. H. ROWAND. 
 
 A. H. ROWAND, Esq. 
 
 General Lee's Clemency to Spy at Appojiattox. 
 
 During Lee's retreat, after the evacuation of Richmond and Petersburg, 
 Sheridan's cavalry scouts dressed in Confederate uniforms freely intermingled 
 with the Confederate troops. Three of these Union scouts, one of whom was 
 Arch H. Rowand, Jr., of Pittsburg, serving as a private of Company K, First 
 Regiment, West Virginia Cavalry, and at present a well known member of the 
 bar. were captured, on April 7th, near Appomattox Court House. They were 
 tried during the bivouac at night by a drumhead court-martial, all were found 
 guilty of being spies, and one of them was sentenced to be shot at daylight the 
 next morning, the 8th of April, the other two succeeded in making their escape 
 from the Confederate guards. 
 
 During the progress of the war. General Lee had for reasons satisfactory 
 to himself issued an order that all proceedings and findings in summary court- 
 martials involving capital punishment should be submitted to the Commander-in- 
 chief of the Confederate army for approval before being carried into execution. 
 
 On the occasion referred to a courier from General Gordon, bearing the 
 findings of the court-martial against the spies, reached General Lee's head- 
 quarter bivouac in the early hours of the morning. Colonel Charles Marshall, 
 Asst. Adj. General and Alilitary Secretary to General Lee, first received the papers 
 from the courier, and proceeding to General Lee's quarters, awakened him and 
 presented the important paper to him for approval. General Lee, sitting up in 
 his tent and looking over the documents by the light of a tallow dip candle, re- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 373 
 
 marked, perhaps with well-founded apprehension of the morrow's catastrophe 
 to the Confederate army, '" Colonel, do you not think there has been enough blood 
 spilled in this dreadful war without shedding any more uselessly? Carrying this 
 sentence into execution under the present circumstances can serve no useful pur- 
 pose ; therefore, the further execution of the sentence will be postponed for the 
 present." 
 
 The Colonel Charles Marshall mentioned above was later, and until his 
 death a few years ago, a prominent and distinguished member of the Baltimore 
 bar, with a well earned legal reputation throughout the country. 
 
 Colonel ^Marshall and Scout Ro^^•A.\■D Exchanging Reminiscences. 
 
 Alany years after the close of the war. Colonel Charles Marshall, who, as 
 previously stated, had served as chief-of-staff to General Lee throughout the 
 Civil War and at Appomattox, attended an important case in Pittsburg as attor- 
 ney for Baltimore parties, before the late Honorable J- ^V. F. White, Judge of 
 Common Pleas Court No. 2, of Allegheny county. At the close of the argu- 
 ments General A. L. Pearson, Judge Slagle, John H. Kerr, Charles F. McKenna, 
 E. A. Montooth, and Arch H. Rowand, Jr., of the Pittsburg bar, all of whom 
 had taken part in the surrender at Appomattox, and were familiar with Colonel 
 Marshall's part therein as a Confederate officer, tendered an informal reception 
 and collation at the Hotel Henry to Colonel Marshall. 
 
 The former Union scout. Arch H. Rowand, Jr., exchanged interesting remi- 
 niscences with Colonel Marshall about the last days of the Confederacy, and 
 the Appomattox campaign, when his fel- 
 low scout of Sheridan's cavalry was 
 saved from death through the clemency 
 of General Lee in suspending execution 
 of sentence after the scout had been con- 
 demned to death by a drumhead court- 
 martial. Colonel Marshall took occasion 
 to congratulate Comrade Rowand on 
 his opportune escape from the Confed- 
 erate camp and the drumhead court- 
 martial and sentence, which also awaited 
 him on the same occasion, when General 
 Lee declined to have his convicted mess- 
 mate shot at daylight. 
 
 Comrade Rowand, at the time of 
 his capture as a Union scout by the 
 Confederates, wore the uniform of a 
 company of South Carohna Confederate 
 cadets, with whose dialect and style 
 young Rowand in early boyhood, by 
 reason of residence, had become quite 
 familiar. ^.ql. charles Marshall, c.s.a. 
 
374 UNDER THE ^lALTESE CROSS. 
 
 A medal of honor was awarded Comrade Rowaiid by Congress, on recom- 
 mendation of General Phil Sheridan, for important services rendered the Union 
 cause as a scout in various campaigns of the Union army. 
 
 Form of Appomattox Paroles Questioned. 
 
 General J. L. Chamberlain, the Union General detailed to receive the 
 formal surrender of the Confederates, describes the preliminary conference he 
 had with General Henry A. Wise, the senior Confederate division commander, 
 the remnants of whose command were about forming preparatory to stacking 
 arms and disbanding. In the midst of the prevailing excitement. General Wise, 
 who in civil life was known as one of ^'irginia's greatest lawyers, earnestly ex- 
 postulated with General Chamberlain on what he termed the ridiculous proposi- 
 tion then about to be enacted of paroling an army without the signature of each 
 paroled individual. General Wise indignantly inquired if there were no lawyers 
 among the Generals or leaders of Grant's army to insist upon the individual 
 signatures of each and every Confederate to be paroled, averring that it was 
 unprecedented and of very doubtful force whether the commanding oiificers of 
 regiments could sign binding paroles for the men of their respective commands, 
 as the articles of surrender between Lee and Grant provided. General Chamber- 
 Iain declares that he suppressed his feelings of amusement at the venerable 
 General Wise's indignation and profound concern over the technical question of 
 the validity of paroles of the Confederate rank and file, all of whom had endorsed 
 most heartily General Lee's actions in surrendering his army. He closed the 
 discussion with General \\'ise by expressing the opinion that as subordinate of- 
 ficers of Grant and Lee, General ^^'ise and himself had no other course than 
 cheerfully to obey the orders of their commanding officers. 
 
 The \'arious Flags of Truce. 
 
 Much has been said and written about the various flags of truce which pre- 
 ceded the fonnal execution of the papers of surrender by General Lee in the 
 McLean House. Colonel Charles Marshall, who, at Appomattox, made the 
 copies for Grant and Lee, of the terms of capitulation, has declared that so 
 many stories have been told about the flags of truce at Appomattox, as almost to 
 convince him that he was not present on the morning of the surrender, as he 
 .saw no flag of truce at all. It is certain, however, that, on account of the difficulty 
 in reaching Lieutenant-General Grant on that morning, located in a distant por- 
 tion of the army, quite a number of messengers and flags of truce were hastily 
 sent through the lines of the Union army, by direction of General Lee. 
 From tlie council of the night previous it became known to Generals Longstreet 
 and Gordon that the surrender of General Lee of his army had been determined 
 upon and that all were anxious to avoid further effusion of blood. How- 
 ever, the advanced videttes of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, occu- 
 pying the skirmish line of the Fifth Corps on the advance at Appomattox on the 
 morning of the 9th of April, 18(i5, saw a mounted staff officer leave the enemy's 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 375 
 
 columns just outside the village of Appomattox, carrying on his uplifted sword 
 a white object like a towel, evidently intended as a flag of truce. General Grif- 
 fin, commanding the Corps, also observing this plain movement of the officer, 
 dispatched Captain George M. Laughlin, senior aide-de-camp of his staff, to the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, occupying the skirmish line, with orders to cease 
 firing because of the approach of the rider with the flag. The young Confederate 
 officer, bearing the flag of truce, on reaching the skirmish line, was first stopped 
 by Sergeant-jMajor William Shore, to whom the officer spoke, remonstrating that 
 his flag of truce was repeatedly fired upon. 
 
 To this Sergeant-Ma j or Shore responded that until the Confederates quit 
 firing the Union troops would not cease their firing. Sergeant Shore gave the 
 flag bearer safe escort through the skirmish line to Colonel Pearson, now in com- 
 mand of the Brigade, who in turn passed the bearer with Captain George F. 
 Morgan of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, a staff officer, along to General J. 
 L. Chamberlain, commanding the Division and from thence by escort the officer 
 was finally passed to General Grant, whose headquarters at that time was some 
 miles distant in the rear from Appomattox. Until General Grant's reply was 
 received a long wait occurred, and the status quo at the front of both armies 
 was preserved, but under the greatest strain and tension. 
 
 Sergeant-lMajor Shore's participation in the reception of this flag of truce 
 delivered so conspicuously by the Confederate courier was corroborated in a 
 singular manner many years after the close of the war. Sergeant-Major Shore, 
 in 1903, while serving in the employ of the city of Pittsburg, read of the appoint- 
 ment of an ex-Confederate veteran to be United States Judge of the District of 
 Alabama. The item stated that this Judge, being then a boy of nineteen, had 
 ridden across the open field at Appomattox with a flag of truce on his uplifted 
 sword, and had passed through the Union skirmish line and was at once es- 
 corted to General Grant with Lee's final message for the surrender on April 
 9th. Sergeant-Major Shore opened correspondence with the newly-appointed 
 Judge, Honorable Thomas E. Jones, and interesting letters passed between 
 the two. This interesting correspondence will be foimd in report of Bellevue 
 Reunion, 1907, in this history. 
 
 While the Fifth Corps was in line of battle immediately after the flag of 
 truce and pending the arrangement of Generals Grant and Lee for the surrender 
 and parole of the latter's army, quite an exchange of courtesies was taking 
 place between the Confederate Generals and Union Generals, with their staffs, 
 and particularly between those officers who had been cadets together at West 
 Point. 
 
 Generals Custer and JMerritt were particularly fraternal with Generals 
 Fitz Hugh Lee and Lomax, Confederate cavalry leaders. So many evi- 
 dences of mutual joy and friendship were exhibited that it became difficult to 
 tell from the conviviality and hilarity which were the victors, and which the 
 vanquished. 
 
 General Fields, commanding a division of the Confederate armj^ under 
 Longstreet. opposite the position held by the Fifth Corps and the One Hundred 
 and Fiftv-fifth. had been a classmate at \\'est Point with General Charles Griffin. 
 
376 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 General Fields sent his compliments to Griffin by an aide, whereupon General 
 Griffin dispatched Major Laughlin, of his staff, with his compliments to Gen- 
 eral Fields, to escort the latter to his headquarters as his guest pending the 
 paroling ceremonies then being arranged to take place a day or two later. The 
 hospitality of General Griffin was gratefully accepted by General Fields, and the 
 greeting of the two classmates of the '50's at West Point was cordial in the 
 extreme. 
 
 The Confederate officers' mess chest and wardrobes had become quite re- 
 duced by the fall of Petersburg and Richmond and the harrassed retreat of the 
 Confederate army, and the capture of their wagon trains by the Federal cavalry. 
 General Fields, therefore, apologized for his fatigue attire, and his inability to 
 return the hospitalities of General Griffin's larder. 
 
 General Griffin, being an abstemious man. had to depute the distribution of 
 the champagne festivities with his Confederate guest to other Generals of his 
 corps who did not share his prejudices against the limited use of ardent spirits, 
 especially to the stranger within their lines. 
 
 It was said, however, that General Griffin, before their final parting, in- 
 sisted on his Confederate guest's accepting a substantial roll of money for his 
 immediate expenses. 
 
 General Fields was a brave soldier, having been in the war from the first 
 battle of Bull Run to Appomattox, and during his visit to General Griffin, the lat- 
 ter sent for General Ayres to come and meet Fields, both Griffin and Ayres 
 having participated in the battle of Bull Run in the artillery service, and having 
 commanded bodies of troops down to Appomattox. 
 
 Magnanimity of General Grant. 
 
 It is related by the late Major Geo. M. Laughlin that, on the evening of 
 May 5, 1864, in the bivouac of General Meade's headquarters in the Wilderness, 
 an informal council of war was held. A preliminary discussion took place as to 
 the terrible carnage which had occurred that day in the various divisions of the 
 Fifth Corps, and the inadequate gains as to position or advantages. On this 
 occasion. General Griffin, whose Division of the Fifth Corps had opened that 
 memorable battle, and suffered such severe losses, expressed his views to General 
 Meade, presiding, in very forcible terms, denouncing it as an inexcusable blunder 
 to fight under such disadvantages of position; and also characterizing in severe 
 terms the losses occasioned in the rank and file of his command as " useless 
 slaughter." Lieutenant-General Grant had just arrived at the meeting in time to 
 hear the remarks of General Griffin. Though not addressed to him, he quietly 
 expressed to General Meade the great surprise he felt that the latter tolerated 
 any such remarks or criticisms from subordinate commanders, declaring that 
 in the armies with which he had served in the West the commanders never per- 
 mitted such conduct. General Griffin, overhearing General Grant's expressed dis- 
 pleasure at his remarks, quietly withdrew from the informal council of war. 
 
 General Griffin, it is said, subsequently expressed his belief that his earnest 
 remarks criticising the great and useless carnage of the first day in the Wilder- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 377 
 
 ness would be remembered by Grant to his disadvantage in subsequent promotion. 
 In this, however, General Griffin was agreeably disappointed, as after Five Forks, 
 when other Generals were competing for the command of the Fifth Corps to 
 succeed General Warren, it was Grant's act that awarded the distinguished honor 
 to General Griffin, unsolicited and unexpected by him, but much to the gratifica- 
 tion of the rank and file of the Fifth Corps. When Lieutenant-General Grant 
 separated from General Lee, and rode back to rejoin his own army where the 
 various Union Generals had assembled at Appomattox Court House, General 
 Grant advanced and cordially greeted and shook hands with General Griffin, 
 publicly expressing his thanks for and great appreciation of the services of the 
 latter, and of his brilliant handling of the Fifth Army Corps in the memorable 
 pursuit of the Confederate army. He also announced the permanent appoint- 
 ment of General Griffin to command the Fifth Corps. 
 
 The magnanimity of the Lieutenant-General on this occasion overcame 
 General Griffin, who, with unconcealed emotion, accepted the proffered hand, and 
 thanked General Grant for his generosity. 
 
 News of Ass.-\ssixatiOiV of President Lincoln. 
 
 One of the most shocking experiences in the midst of the great joy prevailing 
 in the camps on the fall of Richmond and the surrender at Appomattox was the 
 intelligence of the assassination of President Lincoln. The President had but 
 a few days before visited the Army of the Potomac and General Grant at 
 the latter's headquarters at City Point, and also General Butler's camps after 
 the fall of Richmond, everywhere counseling " peace and good will " and laboring 
 to bring about the restoration of harmony and peace to both sections. On his 
 return to Washington, Mr. Lincoln had, in response to a serenade by the 
 citizens of Washington, made an address which, for patriotism, charity, love and 
 Christian sentiment, seemed actually inspired. To the soldiers of the Union, 
 President Lincoln was especially endeared. His personality was well known to 
 the Army of the Potomac through his frequent attendance at its many reviews 
 under McClellan, when camped in the vicinity of Washington, and under Burn- 
 side and Hooker. 
 
 Homeward March Through Petersburg. — Grand Review by General 
 
 Warren. 
 
 The return of the army to Washington for disbandment after the surrender 
 of Lee was delayed for some weeks because of the impediments to travel by the 
 destruction of railroad bridges and the condition of the wagon roads, which, at 
 that season, were almost impassable. This delay was very trying on the rank 
 and file of the army, now so anxious to return home. From the 17th of April 
 to the 5th of May the Fifth Corps, guarding army stores and resting, encamped 
 at various points. On the 5th of May, 18G5, the troops of the Fifth Corps 
 bivouacked for the night just outside the intrenchments at Petersburg and the 
 next day resumed their triumphant march through that city. 
 
378 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 No more impressive or touching scene occurred during the varied ex- 
 perience of soldiers in active service than the occurrence of the homeward march 
 of the Union armies. The mingled emotions of the closing scenes of the war 
 are hard to describe — the loss of dear comrades in battle, marches, sieges, all 
 occupying the mind of the returning soldier, who was yet cheered and com- 
 forted with the knowledge of the triumph of the Union cause, and also by the 
 thought of an early return home, and the receptions and the glory awaiting him 
 on his native heath. 
 
 On the 5th of May a most memorable example of the earnest affection and 
 deep emotion showed by the returning veterans of the Fifth Corps for General 
 Gouverneur K. Warren, so long the commander of the Fifth Corps, and at 
 times previously identified wtih the Second and the Third Corps of the Army of 
 the Potomac, the youngest corps commander in the army. 
 
 General Charles Griffin, his successor as corps commander, with Generals 
 Ayres, Crawford and Chamberlain, division commanders, shared this affection 
 for Warren as a brave soldier and chivalrous officer. General Grant had de- 
 servedly appointed General Warren, on the fall of Petersburg, to be Governor 
 of the city, which the latter had by his skill contributed so much toward cap- 
 turing. The city of Petersburg and its line of intrenchments, being on the route 
 assigned for the homeward march of the Fifth Corps, it was determined by 
 General Griffin to invite General Warren, as military Governor, to extend 
 to his late corps the honor of a public review as it passed through the 
 " Cockade City." Accordingly, preparations were made in all the regiments 
 and batteries for the occasion. Instructions from the officers were given for 
 all the rank and file to prepare themselves, their uniforms and arms, in the 
 best shape, for the farewell reception to their late beloved commander. The 
 numerous bands and drum-majors were also put upon their metal to do their 
 best. The reviewing stand selected was a platform erected in front of the 
 " Bolingbroke House," which was occupied as the headquarters of the military 
 Governor and .staff. 
 
 On the reviewing stand with General Warren was Mrs. Warren, the bride 
 whom he had married while on leave of absence en route to Gettysburg, and also a 
 number of distinguished Generals of the Army of the Potomac, staff officers and 
 their wives. In the line of the column being reviewed were ten thousand soldiers, 
 survivors of the twenty-five thousand who, during General Warren's command, 
 had so faithfully followed the Maltese Cross from the Wilderness to 
 Appomattox. 
 
 As General Griffin at the head of the Corps rode by, he saluted General 
 Warren and joined him on the reviewing stand. As the bronzed veterans fol- 
 lowing Generals Ayres, Chamberlain and Crav^'ford, commanding divisions and 
 the historic batteries of the Corps, obtained sight of their old commander, their 
 emotions overcame them. The war being over and discipline relaxed, the men 
 most enthusiastically saluted and cheered to the echo their old commander. The 
 climax, however, of excitement and enthusiasm was reached when Warren's 
 old brigade, composed of zouave regiments, including the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, now commanded by General A. L. Pearson, reached the reviewing 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 379 
 
 stand. These veterans were formed in what is known as " open order " maneu- 
 vers, and carried their guns on their knapsacks, and with their tattered flags and 
 weather-beaten faces, they seemed to be the very ideal of veteran soldiers. They 
 halted before the reviewing stand after saluting General Warren, and most en- 
 thusiastically cheered and cheered, adding " tigers." until their officers ordered 
 them to resume the march. This grand ovation and tribute to Warren, so 
 cordial and unanimous, should have gone far towards making his superiors right 
 the recent wrong occasioned by his arbitrary removal from the command of the 
 Fifth Corps in the supreme moment of victory at Five Forks. 
 
 The people of Petersburg, who crowded the streets and occupied the win- 
 dows and dwellings at the time, declared they had never witnessed anything 
 like the scene of this great military demonstration of the Fifth Army Corps 
 through their streets. The miles and miles of ammunition and quartermasters 
 trains, artillery caissons, and ambulance wagons, which followed, were also a 
 source of great surprise to the population, white and black, of Petersburg. 
 
 On to Richmond. 
 
 On the Gth day of May the march of the army corps was continued to 
 Richmond. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth with the Fifth Corps rested at 
 Manchester, outside of the city of Richmond, until the next day. when it passed 
 in silence through the principal streets of that city, no band playing, or other 
 displav, the ruins of the recent fire being visible. The Fifth Corps was reviewed 
 by General Halleck, whose unpopularity to the soldiers in the field caused him to 
 receive scant honors or cheers from the returning veterans. The army marched 
 by forced marches by way of Hanover Court House, and by way of Fredericks- 
 burg, toward Washington. The fatigue of these forced marches day after day 
 was somewhat relieved by sights of many of the battlefields on which the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth had fought, and over which they were now marching 
 under such vastly changed conditions. The then unfinished white dome of the 
 Capitol was at length sighted by the returning columns on the afternoon of the 
 12th of May. 1865. Cheer upon cheer was sent up all along the columns as the 
 shining dome came into view, as expressions of the gladness and joy of the vet- 
 erans, and of their gratitude that the war was really over. The Fifth Corps went 
 into final camp about a mile from Falls Station on the Orange & Alexandria 
 Railroad. A few days later General Sherman's great army arrived and encamped 
 on the heights above Alexandria. 
 
 The Gr.\nd Review in Washington. 
 
 Preparations were now made for a Grand Review in Washington of these 
 two magnificent armies. On the 2 1th of May, 1865. the President and his cabi- 
 net, with the representatives of foreign governments, and thousands upon thou- 
 sands of people coming from distant cities, witnessed the imposing pageant on 
 Pennsylvania avenue. Little children pressed flowers into the hands of the 
 
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 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
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UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 381 
 
 hardy veterans as they marched in the review; kindly smiles and sweet words 
 of welcome greeted the soldiers on every hand. The pride that swelled the hearts 
 of the returning comrades participating in these great reviews can never be for- 
 gotten. Elsewhere in this history will be found a more detailed description of the 
 Grand Review of the Army of the Potomac, but it is deemed proper at this point 
 specially to advert to the appearance of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regi- 
 ment on the occasion of that grand pageant which occupied the entire day in 
 passing the reviewing officers. Brevet Major-General A. L. Pearson, on this 
 historical occasion, commanded the brigade in which his regiment was serving. 
 Being at its zenith of proficiency in the zouave drill and bayonet exercise, the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, under command of Major J. A. Cline, was de- 
 ployed in the parade in what is known as " open order," the men carrying their 
 guns on their shoulders, and with the alignment and accuracy of step of veteran 
 soldiers, together with their brilliant-colored uniforms, they elicited admiration 
 and cheering all along the line. The tattered flag of the Regiment, showing its 
 shattered flag-staff, was still carried by the intrepid color-sergeant, Thomas J. 
 Marlin, and attracted great attention. No Roman legions returning from con- 
 quests of foreign lands ever received more enthusiastic applause than did this 
 regiment of Pittsburg zouaves in that historic review. There was no prouder 
 trio in the parade than Drum-Major Sergeant Hawden Marshall, who in the 
 picturesque zouave uniform performed astonishing juggling feats with his baton ; 
 and also the martial music of the veteran drum-and-fife corps of the Regiment, 
 led by Sam Heflick, with whom the third member of the trio, the Regimental 
 bugler, John Mooney, marched. It is to be regretted that the era of the kodak 
 had not arrived at the date of this event so that the picturesque scenes of this 
 Grand Review could have been perpetuated by the camera of to-day. 
 
 After the Grand Review of the Army of the Potomac, the regiments com- 
 posing the Fifth Corps were detained one or two weeks longer in the camps near 
 Alexandria, while the muster-out rolls were being prepared and properly certi- 
 fied. For some reason these lengthy muster rolls and rosters had to be executed 
 in seven copies on blanks furnished by the Government, a tedious and laborious 
 undertaking. 
 
 General Meade's Farewell. — Scenes in Last Camp. 
 
 In this camp was read to each regiment the following beautiful Farewell 
 Address of General Meade to the Army of the Potomac, with whose fortunes 
 that able General and devoted patriot had been associated from its organization 
 to its disbandment: 
 
 " Headquarters Anny of the Potomac, 
 
 "June 38, 1865. 
 
 " Soldiers : — This day two years ago I assumed command of you under the 
 orders of the President of the United States. To-day, by virtue of the same 
 authority, the army having ceased to exist, I have to announce my transfer to 
 
382 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 other duties and my separation from you. It is unnecessary for me to enumer- 
 ate all that has occurred in these two eventful years, from the grand and decisive 
 battle of Gettysburg, the turning-point of the war, to the surrender of the Army 
 of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House. Suffice it to say that history 
 will do you justice. A grateful country will honor the living, cherish and support 
 the disabled, and sincerely mourn the dead. In parting from you, your com- 
 manding General will ever bear in memory your noble devotion to your country, 
 your patience and cheerfulness under all the privations and sufferings you have 
 been called u]>on to endure. 
 
 ■' Soldiers, — Havnig accomplished the work set before us, having vindicated 
 the honor and integrity of our Government and flag, let us return thanks to 
 Almighty God for his blessing in granting us victory and peace, and let us hon- 
 estly pray for strength and light to tlischarge our duties as citizens, as we have 
 endeavored to discharge then as soldiers. 
 
 " George G. Me.vde. 
 " Major-General U. S. A." 
 
 Farewell Torchlight Parades. 
 
 A memorable instance indicative of the prevailing joy, and of the harmony 
 existing between the rank and file of the Fifth Corps, and also of their officers, 
 occurred in this camp a few nights after the great Review in Washington. The 
 tribute being entirely spontaneous and unexpected, its sincerity and significance 
 was, therefore, the more to be appreciated and valued by the recipients. The 
 closing days of May, 18G.5, in this camp, while the troops were awaiting muster- 
 out, were marked by unusually fine weather. Amid the prevailing joy and pleas- 
 ures in this peaceful camp was the singing by the company glee clubs of familiar 
 songs suggestive of home and friends. One evening some enterprising comrades 
 took the short pieces of candles distributed early in the evening to the soldiers 
 of each company, and placed them duly lighted in the sockets of their bayonets. 
 Not a breath of air was blowing to impair the candles thus lighted. As the 
 darkness of night set in, the antics of these comrades with lighted candles took 
 the shape of orders for the men to fall into lines, and with their lighted candles 
 on their bayonets to form a line of march. Companies thus formed were soon 
 organized into impromptu regiments ; regiments were soon rallied into brigades, 
 and soon the enthusiasm of the candle lighters for a procession spread through- 
 out the divisions. Privates in the ranks soon found themselves installed as Col- 
 onels of provisional regiments in this demonstration. Other subalterns were 
 suddenly elevated to command divisions in this grand demonstration. It was 
 soon arranged that the candle-light parade under command of an improvised 
 Major-General, should march to the Brigade, Division and Corps Generals' head- 
 quarters to congratulate the Generals commanding, on the return of peace, and 
 to testify by this farewell demonstration the afifection and esteem entertained 
 by the troops for their leaders. Five or six thousand of the comrades, out of pure 
 joy, rallied to the ranks of the parade, which was marked with excellent 
 discipline. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 383 
 
 The candle-light column first waited upon Major-General Charles Griffin. 
 Subversive of all ordinary discipline, the processionists immediately demanded 
 that the General give them a " speech," and the cries of " Speech ! Speech ! 
 Speech! " were heard. General Griffin resembled General Grant and many other 
 West- Pointers in being wholly disqualified to make a speech ; and the cries for 
 a speech embarrassed the General. A compromise was reached, however, and 
 General Joshua L. Chamberlain, commanding a division of the Fifth Corps, was 
 oiifered as a substitute, General Griffin occupying the background. General Cham- 
 berlain, in response to calls, had to produce General Griffin on the stand (a 
 cracker bo.x), where he bowed his acknowledgment and received the cheers of his 
 men. General Chamberlain delivered an eloquent address which he, as well as 
 Generals Griffin, Ayres, Gregory, Bartlett, Coulter, Pearson and the other Gen- 
 erals and Colonels, felt for the rank and file of the Corps. 
 
 From General Griffin's headquarters the procession moved to General Ayres', 
 General Bartlett's, General Pearson's and to the headquarters of other com- 
 manders. The oratory and exercises, however, were cut short by the ration of 
 candles burning out, leaving all in the dark. 
 
 En Route to Pittsburg. 
 
 On June 1, 1865, the Regiment was ordered to report at Camp Reynolds, 
 Pittsburg, for pay and final muster-out, a most gratifying order, doubly so in 
 meeting the ever-welcome paymaster as well as prospects of reaching home. 
 It is needless to say this order was obeyed with alacrity. Here it is proper to 
 state that three hundred and sixty of the recruits and men transferred in July, 
 1864, to the Regiment from the Sixty-second Pennsylvania were here re-trans- 
 ferred to the One Plundred and Ninety-first Pennsylvania. The parting of these 
 faithful officers, and equally faithful comrades and messmates of the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth was a disappointing ordeal to the recruits mentioned, as they 
 had expected to accompany the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth on its homeward 
 journey to Pittsburg. They were, however, mustered out a few weeks later. 
 
 As a majority of the men and officers of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 were from Pittsburg, the municipality determined to accord the returning organi- 
 zation on its return and before its final muster-out in Pittsburg, a public reception 
 and dinner at City Hall. It was at the same time arranged by the city, through 
 the Honorable James Lowry, ]\Ia}or of Pittsburg, that before the disbandment 
 of the Regiment a short parade through the city, ending with a public e.xhibition 
 of the zouave drill by the Regiment in the Allegheny parks, should take place. 
 
 PuBLTC Reception to the Oxe Hundred and Fifty-fifth. 
 
 On the morning of June T, 1865, two hundred and fifty surviving comrades 
 of the Regiment, under command of General A. L. Pearson, arrived from Camp 
 Reynolds, in the city of Pittsburg about ten o'clock, where they were joined by the 
 Twenty-sixth Michigan veterans which had just arrived at the Union Station 
 on its way home. The parade starting from Liberty Street Station, was headed 
 
384 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 HON. JOHN M. KIRKPATRICK. 
 
 by Young's Military Brass Band, fol- 
 lowed by one hundred city police, march- 
 ing by platoons. The Mayor of the city 
 and speakers, and the councilmen of the 
 city followed in open carriages. The 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth veterans in 
 their gaudy zouave uniforms, marching 
 in open order, came next, presenting a 
 handsome and picturesque appearance. 
 The stalwart veterans of the Twenty- 
 sixth Michigan, fully equipped with their 
 accoutrements and glistening arms, 
 brought up the rear of the parade. 
 From the Union Station the procession 
 moved along Liberty street to Smith- 
 field, along Smithfield to the Mononga- 
 hela House, from the balcony of which 
 the Honorable John M. Kirkpatrick paid 
 an eloquent tribute to the survivors of the 
 Regiment, alluding in pathetic terms to 
 the many faces that were missing from 
 the ranks of the returning braves, who 
 had sealed with their life-blood their devotion to the cause of the Union and 
 human rights. Ex-Governor William F. Johnston followed with an eloquent 
 tribute to the soldier boys in general who had so patriotically defended their 
 country. 
 
 The formal reception exercises took place in the City Hall, the place 
 during the entire Civil War of the reception and entertainment of Union 
 soldiers of both Eastern and Western armies passing through Pittsburg. The 
 program of exercises on the occasion of the reception and dinner to the Regi- 
 ment consisted of an eloquent and patriotic address of welcome by Honorable 
 James Lowry, Mayor of the city of Pittsburg, and a reply on behalf of the 
 Regiment by General A. L. Pearson. These were followed by addresses of 
 Wilson McCandless, General J. Bowman Sweitzer, Colonel E. Jay Allen, Rev- 
 erend James Pressly, D. D., Honorable Thomas M. Marshall, Reverend John 
 Douglass, D. D., and James Park, Jr., all delivering eloquent and patriotic trib- 
 utes to the members of the Regiment, living and dead. 
 
 The Pittsburg Subsistence Committee, assisted by a number of ladies, 
 friends and relatives of officers and men, provided the verj' elegant repast, 
 which was furnished by the well-known caterer, Schildecker. The festivities, 
 in response to demands, were enlivened by the Regimental glee club, who ren- 
 dered some popular war and camp songs, the members of the club announced 
 on the printed programs being General A. L. Pearson. George P. Fulton, E. 
 A. Montooth, John Ralston, Robert A. Thompson, Hawdon ' Marshall and 
 the Regimental bugler, John Mooney. Sam and John Heflick and William 
 Grounds, of the fife-and-drum corps, were also called to the platform, and 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 385 
 
 played martial airs. The camp-calls were sounded by John Mooney, Regi- 
 mental bugler. 
 
 In the afternoon the Regiment re-assembled at City Hall and formed 
 for the street parade. Mayor Lowry and the Councilman of the city, in open 
 carriages, joined the parade, crossing the St. Clair street bridge to the Alle- 
 gheny parks, where General Pearson had company drills in the bayonet exer- 
 cise and zouave tactics, ending with a final review and dress-parade of the 
 Regiment. 
 
 The assembled thousands filling the windows and balconies, and crowding 
 the pavements along the line of march were not those of the usual sight-seers 
 who gather out of curiosity to witness city parades. Far different was the 
 sentiment that pervaded the multitudes assembled from city and country to 
 do honor to the survivors of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. Fathers and 
 mothers, sisters and brothers, sweethearts and wives, were there to catch a 
 first glimpse of their hero for the safety of whom for three long years their 
 daily and nightly prayers had ascended to heaven. Among the throngs of 
 people were many who had lost loved ones by " War's cruel alarms," and 
 whose tenderest .sympathies were manifested in their greetings to these sur- 
 vivors of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth by the tears which coursed down 
 their cheeks. The bunch of flowers that fell at the soldier's feet was a greet- 
 ing from a maiden whose shy glances, more eloquent than words, assured a 
 welcome to her returning hero. For every heart throb in the ranks of the 
 Regiment as they marked time to the strains of the inspiriting music there was 
 a corresponding pulsation of love and sympathy somewhere in the vast throng. 
 " Boys in blue," some with arms in 
 slings, some with heads bandaged, some 
 on crutches, occupied points of vantage 
 from which to view the triumphal return 
 of their Regimental comrades in many 
 wearisome marches and bloody battle- 
 fields. 
 
 Finally Paid Off. — Guns Returned 
 TO United St.^tes. 
 
 The breaking ranks after this final 
 parade and review was the last appear- 
 ance of the survivors of the Regiment 
 in zouave uniform as a body. The 
 Regiment was formally paid off, and 
 turned their guns in to the Government 
 the next day at Camp Copeland, now 
 within the limits of the industrial bor- 
 ough of Braddock. 
 
 On the 8th of June, 186.5, Major 
 Russell Errett, paymaster of the United 
 
 MAJ. RUSSELL ERRETT. 
 
386 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 States army, appeared in Camp Reynolds, and paid the men their accrued wages 
 for three months, each private receiving thirteen dollars per month, and being 
 handed at the same time an honorable discharge paper. 
 
 An unusual and certainly unnecessary requirement was exacted by the Gov- 
 ernment from the veterans who had served it so faithfully when it demanded, 
 on muster-out, that their muskets should be returned, or that in lieu thereof 
 the sum of fourteen dollars be deducted from their wages. Indignation was 
 felt at this order, and many soldiers resented the demand and in disgust sur- 
 rendered their favorite guns rather than submit to the unreasonable deduction 
 demanded. 
 
 Many a veteran, as he received his honorable discharge and gave up his 
 musket, bayonet, and cartridge-box, was conscious of the same feeling of sadness 
 and regret that he had seen exhibited by the Confederates as they grounded 
 their arms at Appomattox a few weeks before. Many, in later years, regretted 
 that they had not paid the amount demanded and kept their faithful weapons, 
 their companions in many campaigns and defense in many battles. 
 
 With this grounding of arms, which, with the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, 
 was its first and last surrender, the career of the Regiment as a military organiza- 
 tion ceased, its record and deeds in the war for the preservation of the Union 
 thenceforth becoming part of the national liistory. 
 
 The scenes on disbandment and parting of comrades in Camp Reynolds 
 were more than ordinarily interesting, and quite pathetic. General Pearson, 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Ewing, jMajors Cline and Laughlin, Captains Heisey, 
 Sweeney. Allen, and many other popular officers were surrounded by the men 
 of their late connnands, receiving from them many expressions of good will and 
 esteem. 
 
 The faithful color-bearer. " Tom " ]\Iarlin. in a brief address, formally 
 confided tlie remnants of the Regimental colors to the temporary custody of 
 General Pearson, eliciting hearty plaudits for both Pearson and Marlin, and 
 most demonstrative applause for dear Old Glory. 
 
 The messmates of the rank and file — cronies for three years in camps and 
 comrades in marches and battles — indulged in many interchanges of reminis- 
 cences of the past and hopes for the future. LInbidden tears welled up as the 
 names of dear comrades were recalled, who had been left behind sleeping under 
 the sod of Old A^irginia's grassy hillsides and green valleys. Vows were ex- 
 changed that wartime friendships would ever be cherished throughout life. 
 
 Delegations of friends from Kittanning, Clarion, Butler, Brownsville, and 
 other towns in Western Pennsylvania had come to inform the companies and 
 squads from those places of the cordial local receptions arranged in their honor 
 by the dear home friends impatiently awaiting their arrival. 
 
 The final hand-clasp and leave-taking was very impressive ; and when the 
 last veteran had left the precincts of Camp Reynolds, the story of the marches, 
 sieges, and battles of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers 
 under the Maltese Cross, the most sublime and thrilling events that human pen 
 i-an relate, came to an end. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 387 
 
 165TH REGT.. PA. VOLS., ENTERING OLD CITY HALL TO RECEIVE WELCOME AND 
 
 DINNER TENDERED BY CITY OF PITTSBURG. 
 
 JUNE 5. 1865. 
 
 In this Historic Hall the Pittsburg Subsistence Committee, at the outbreak of the Civil War, fitted 
 
 up kitchens and tables and provided meals to over 400.000 Union soldiers passing through Pittsburg, 
 
 allowing no Union soldier to depart hungry. 
 
1862 
 
 U;OMPAN¥lniI^TO)]RIIE 
 lPEIRgONALi)KEfCME^ 
 
 
390 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 "They invited me; still questioned 
 me the story of my life from year 
 to year; the battles, sieges, and for- 
 tunes that 1 have passed through. 
 I did consent." — Othello. 
 
UXDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 391 
 
 MEMORIES OF COMPANY A. 
 
 By Private William H. Dewalt. 
 
 I HE recruiting office opened in August, 1863, by Alfred L. Pearson 
 and Edward A. Alontooth, of Pittsburg, then two newly-admitted 
 members of the Pittsburg bar, was located in singularly unique and 
 dilapidated quarters, in a four-story plain brick building, at the cor- 
 ner of Fifth avenue and Smithfield street. The first floor of this 
 
 structure, which was then known as the Splane Building, was occupied as a 
 
 saloon. Had the structure not been torn down ten years ago to be replaced by 
 
 the present Mellon buildings, it would doubtless have fallen down from sheer 
 
 dilapidation. A drum corps composed of just two men, a drummer and a fifer, 
 
 was stationed at the dismal, shaky. Fifth-avenue entrance to the recruiting 
 
 office. This entrance, together with the shaky stairs to the fourth floor where 
 
 recruits signed the roll, was really like an initial test of the courage of the boys 
 
 desiring to enlist. 
 
 The band discoursed patriotic tunes until a squad or even a single recruit 
 
 was enlisted, when it exultingly paraded with the recruit or squad through the 
 
 principal streets with a boy bearing a transparency announcing that the 
 
 " ' Hilands Guards " were filling up rapidly," and 
 
 that now was the time to enlist, etc. The names 
 
 published on the hand-bills and advertisements for 
 
 recruits as officers of the embryo company were 
 
 A. L. Pearson, Edward A. ]\Iontooth, and Frank J. 
 
 Buchard. 
 
 Edward A. Montooth had alread}' recruited the 
 
 greater part of a company called the " Hilands 
 
 Guards." named after Alexander Hilands, a wealthy 
 
 and public-spirited citizen, who long had held the 
 
 position of Clerk of Courts of Allegheny county. 
 
 Through the patriotic influence of their patron, this 
 
 Company was favored with permission to bivouac 
 
 on the Court House grounds, and also to conduct 
 
 the drilling of " awkward squads " in full presence 
 
 of the Court House habitues, and also in view of 
 
 the jail prisoners peeping through the windows of 
 
 the old jail. 
 
 The " Arsenal Guards," recruited by A. L. 
 
 Pearson, had also secured a number of recruits, and 
 
 after due negotiations, the Hilands Guards and the 
 
 Arsenal Guards were consolidated, and became ^j^, ^ dewalt 
 
39-2 UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Company A of the One Hundred and Fift_v-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers. Pearson became Captain of the new company, Montooth accepted the 
 First-Lieutenancy, and Buchard became Second-Lieutenant. 
 
 The pleasant week spent in Camp Howe, and the rude " war's alarms " that 
 occurred nightly, together with the performance of glee clubs and musical instru- 
 ments, and the genuine " hoe down " dancing in the barracks by the one thousand 
 recruits rendezvousing in Camp Howe, awaiting the summons to the front, 
 would form an interesting and amusing chapter in itself, of which, no doubt, men- 
 tion is made in this history by other comrades. 
 
 Lieutenant Montooth was promoted to Adjutant of the new regiment at its 
 first organization, and soon made, it was said, the finest adjutant in the Army of 
 the Potomac. To this deserved tribute might justly be added that he became 
 also the most popular of Adjutants. 
 
 So far as military knowledge or training is concerned, none of this trio. 
 Captain Pearson, Adjutant Montooth, or Lieutenant Buchard, had the least 
 experience in the field, or ever smelled powder in any shape. Captain Pearson, 
 however, had acquired a reputation as a popular and well-drilled officer of the 
 " Home Guards " company, which he had, during the first months of the war, 
 organized for later calls. Its flag presentations, reviews, parades, and competitive 
 prize-drills the first year of the war, had made the " Arsenal Guards," of Law- 
 renceville, under Captain Pearson, locally famous. The gay Captain and the 
 festive youths composing the rank and file of the company attained great 
 popularity, especially among the fair maidens of that period. The " Hilands 
 Guards " furnished half the recruits, all enlisting for three years or during the 
 war. 
 
 Charles C. Johnston, Edward P. Johnston, and James P. Johnston, brothers, 
 were among the first to enlist with Captain Pearson. They were sons of William 
 Johnston, one of the pioneer settlers of the borough of Lawrenceville, and who 
 had served three terms as postmaster. These boys all proved on many battle- 
 fields to be chivalrous, knightly soldiers. Charles C. Johnston, who had at- 
 tained the rank of First-Lieutenant, fell in battle at Laurel Hill, May 8, 1864; 
 Edward P. Johnston lost his right arm in action at Cold Harbor. June 2, 1864, 
 and was afterward promoted to the rank of Captain. James P. Johnston, the 
 youngest of the brothers, after an honorable record in many battles, died of 
 disease. 
 
 Captain John C. Stewart, who had risen from the rank of Corporal, was 
 a brave soldier, and who was present for duty in all the great battles from Antie- 
 tam to the Wilderness, is pleasantly remembered for his kind and gentle treatment 
 of his command. At the bloody battle of the Wilderness, Captain Stewart re- 
 ceived serious wounds, forever incapacitating him from further military service. 
 Lieutenant Charles C. Johnston, on the wounding of Captain Stewart, took com- 
 mand of the company and, as stated, became engaged a few days later. May 8th, 
 with the enemy at Laurel Hill, and was the first to fall in that severe action. 
 Lieutenant Johnston was shot while leading his company into the battle. His 
 body was carried to the rear and laid side by side with the body of Captain 
 Edward E. Clapp, of Company F. who was killed in the same action. Two 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 393 
 
 nobler patriots than these brave officers, thus buried together, could not be found 
 in any army. 
 
 John M. Campbell, who rose to the rank of First-Lieutenant, and who served 
 from Antietam to Appomattox, was a highly original character. He was well 
 educated, having been a pupil of the old Pittsburg High school, of good family, 
 brave as a lion, generous, witty, and ever cheerful. He was an all-round athlete, 
 and had an intimate acquaintance with those sciences of which Hoyle is the recog- 
 nized authority. In camp, with boxing gloves, he could hold his own with any 
 other comrade of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth or neighboring regiments, in 
 contests according to London prize-ring, or Marquis of Oueensbury rules. He 
 freqtiently gave exhibitions of the manly art. In evenings in camp it required 
 an able handler of cards to win stakes from him. Promotion to commissioned 
 rank did not change " Jack's " deportment to his late comrades in the ranks. At 
 his request they ignored his rank and title and salutes, and continued to call him 
 " Jack." As an officer, in camp or any of its duties, or as a drill-master or disci- 
 plinarian, " Jack " made no pretentions, and never aspired to be a martinet. In 
 battle, however, no other soldier was more daring or insensible to fear, nor ex- 
 hibited greater skill in leading his company, nor capacity to inspire his men 
 to deeds of valor. After the war he drifted to the very far West, it was reported. 
 Though all would have been delighted to welcome " Jack " Campbell to the Regi- 
 mental reunions, he never attended nor communicated by letter. Whether scalped 
 by Indians or " dying with his boots on " in some Cowboy disturbances, or pass- 
 ing to the Great Beyond in a more peaceful way, or whether still in the land of 
 the living, his surviving comrades have never heard. 
 
 Just the opposite in deportment to " Jack." there was in the company the 
 mild, quiet, patient, retiring, young Sergeant, William Justice, of Pittsburg, ever 
 ready for duty and always performing it uncomplainingly. Never missing roll- 
 call nor a battle was his record, with the words added, " wounded in action." 
 Reared tenderly by pious parents, the often dangerous and immoral environments 
 of camp life never affected his exemplary Christian character and charitable dis- 
 position. Sergeant Justice has long slept in the Allegheny cemetery, where com- 
 rades annually decorate his grave, and recall his amiable and chivalrous life as a 
 soldier. 
 
 No greater evidence of the efifects of time is manifest than in the efforts 
 of the veterans of the Civil War to narrate the history and reminiscences of oc- 
 currences happening forty-three years ago. The last shots fired at Appomattox, 
 April 9, ]865, were fired by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers, which was then serving on the advanced skirmish line, its 
 former Colonel, Brigadier-General A. L. Pearson, then commanding the Third 
 Brigade, of the First Division of the Fifth Corps, having on that eventful morn- 
 ing at Appomattox, specially deployed his old regiment for duty on the skirmish 
 line. The Confederate army, having been constantly harrassed on its retreat from 
 Petersburg, by Sheridan's troops in the front and in the rear, determined, on 
 reaching the vicinity of Appomattox Court House, to make a last stand. For 
 that purpose. Generals Longstreet and Gordon had halted the Confederate infan- 
 try and artiller}', and, hastily throwing up breastworks, invited Sheridan's dis- 
 
394 • UNDER THE MALTESE CR(JSS. 
 
 mounted cavalr_v, their close pursuers, to advance and accept the wager of battle 
 thus tendered. The Confederate commanders named, at this time, were totally 
 ignorant of the fact that the entire Fifth Corps under General Griffin had by 
 forced night marches arrived and were in battle line to support Sheridan's cav- 
 alry. General Pearson, commanding the advance brigade of infantry, knowing 
 that the end of the Confederate army was at hand, requested General Griffin, 
 commanding the corps, that his old regiment, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, 
 should be deployed to serve as advance skirmishers in the impending movement 
 against Longstreet's and Gordon's Confederate forces. General Griffin granted 
 General Pearson's request, and having placed all the Fifth Corps batteries in posi- 
 tion for action, advanced his infantr}- to attack. This done. General Sheridan 
 ordered his dismounted cavalry, which had been harrassing and pursuing the 
 Conef derates, to fall back as if retreating from the fire of the Confederates. 
 The Fifth Corps infantry columns then advanced and opened fire on the enemy. 
 The appearance in battle line of the columns of the Fifth Corps infantry and 
 batteries, and their action in immediately opening fire was an astounding revela- 
 tion to the Confederate commanders, who, however, continued the unequal combat 
 with the superior forces of the Union infantry. During the continuance of the 
 firing a young Confederate courier appeared with a flag of truce, riding rapidly 
 from the enemy's lines between the skirmishers of both armies, towards the Union 
 line. Strange to say, both the Confederates and the Union troops disregarded 
 the flag of truce and its bearer on his journey to the Union line. The firing of the 
 skirmish lines was kept up, as no orders to cease firing had been received. The 
 bearer of the flag of truce entered the Union line at the advanced position occu- 
 pied by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment then on skirmish duty. The 
 truce bearer, who had narrow escapes from being shot by the fire of both 
 armies, on reaching the Union lines, complained bitterly to Sergeant-Major 
 William Shore, of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, who was the first to receive 
 him, that in open disregard of the flag of truce the Union troops had continued 
 to fire iin the white flag. The Confederate courier also indignantly inquired of 
 Captain George F. Morgan, serving as personal aid on General Pearson's staff, 
 as to why the Union troops did not cease firing on seeing him approach with the 
 flag of truce. Captain Morgan, who was equally indignant at the Confederates 
 for keeping up their firing, minie-l)alls and shells falling close to him during his 
 dialogue with the courier, inquired why the courier did not have the Confederate 
 armv respect their own flag of truce by ceasing to fire. Captain Morgan then 
 conducted the courier to General Pearson, who instructed him to take the messen- 
 ger to General Charles Griffin, commanding the Fifth Corps. General Lee had 
 furnished this messenger with a letter accepting General Grant's overtures for 
 peace. The war then ended in an hour, no hostile shots being fired thereafter by 
 either army. 
 
 This matter of history of the surrender at Appomattox is preliminary to 
 rendering a just tribute to the memory of A. L. Pearson, under whom the writer 
 had the honor as a boy of seventeen, to enlist as a private soldier, in August, 
 1862, and who served in Company A, organized by Captain Pearson, until the 
 last shot was fired at Appomatto.x. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 395 
 
 As Captain, Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, Colonel, and as Brevet Brigadier, 
 and Brevet Major-General, and as the recipient of a Medal of Honor for gallant 
 and meritorious conduct in many battles, General Pearson never for a moment 
 forgot his old company. The members of Company A and all surviving comrades 
 of the Regiment claim to share in the glory, and the deserved promotions and the 
 high honors which so rapidly came to their first Captain. In the great charge of 
 Fredericksburg, Lieutenant Pearson, while serving as an officer of Company A, 
 sheathed his sword, and seizing the gun of a fallen soldier, took his place in the 
 ranks and loaded and fired with a zeal that encouraged his men to imitate him. 
 The daring and courage, intelligence, enthusiasm, alertness, the intuitive percep- 
 tion, and unerring judgment in action of General Pearson eminently qualified 
 him for the distinguished honors heaped upon him as a natural-born soldier. 
 
 The writer would like to protract this narrative by mentioning many dear 
 comrades and many incidents of the war, but once one becomes reminiscent it is 
 difficult to tell where or when to end. Understanding that Corporal Frank Gil- 
 more and Private Xathan Fullerton have furnished personal sketches of their 
 interesting experiences, the writer will close his contribution by referring readers 
 to their articles. Privates Benjamin Strubel, who served the entire term in the 
 field, and his brother, John H. Strubel, proved good and faithful soldiers, the 
 former being early honored by being detailed to Fifth Corps headquarters. 
 Private John Milton Hays, the youngest and shortest comrade, and John A. 
 Ha3's, in camp life and in winter quarters were ever-present in good humor, doing 
 much t(^ cheer their comrades. For the officers and others in camp they fre- 
 quently gave dramatic recitals, evincing great talent in that line. 
 
 The Roll of Honor, names of the killed and wounded of the Company, tells 
 its own story of the Company's achievements and services on the many battle- 
 fields of the Armv of the Potomac. 
 
 Record Enrollment Casu.\lties, Etc., Company A. 
 
 KILLED and died OF WOUNDS. 
 
 Lieutenant Charles C. Johnston — Killed at Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864. 
 
 Corporal George Tackelberr}- — Died March 27, 1865, of wounds received at 
 Hatcher's Run, Va., March 25, 1865. 
 
 Private Samuel Claypoole — Died August 5, 1864, of wounds received at Cold 
 Harbor, Va., June 4, 1864. 
 
 Private William Davis — Killed at Peebles Farm, Va., September 30, 1864. 
 
 Private George Edmunds — Died July 27, 1864, of wounds received at Peters- 
 burg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Jeremiah Nolf — Died April 22, 1865, of wounds received at Quaker 
 Road, Va., March 29, 1865. 
 
 Private Isaac Nelson — Died January 31, 1863, of wounds received at Fred- 
 ■ericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 
 Private Moses Robbins — Killed at Peebles' Farm, Va., September 30, 1864. 
 
396 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Private Samuel W. Smith — Killed at Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6, 1865. 
 Private Peter V. Boehr — Wounded and missing at Chancellorsville, Va., 
 May 3, 1863. 
 
 DIED OF DISEASE. 
 
 Corporal Joseph Bauer, January 1, 1864. 
 
 Corporal McGrevv Wiley, February 25, 1863, at Falmouth, Va. 
 
 Private Henry Holmes, August 5, 1864, in New York. 
 
 Private Nicholas ]\Iarchand, November 19, 1862. 
 
 Private Abraham Smeltzer, September 25, 1864, at City Point, Va. 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 Captain John C. Stewart, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 
 Captain Edward P. Johnston, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864, with loss of arm. 
 
 First-Sergeant William H. Justice, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 
 Sergeant Brintnel R. Goodlin, Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6, 1865. 
 
 Corporal Franklin Gilmore, Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864; Dabney's Mills, 
 Va., February 6, 1865. 
 
 Corporal John W. Smyers, Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6, 1865. 
 
 Private Thomas B. Bilt, Hatcher's Run, Va., March 25, 1865. 
 
 Private John Beck, Peebles' Farm, Va., September 30, 1864. 
 
 Private William DeW'ah, Hatcher's Run, \'a., October 27, 1864. (Loss of 
 arm.) 
 
 Private Frederick Diviner, Hatcher's Run, Va., March 25, 1865. (Loss of 
 arm.) 
 
 Private George Fifer, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 
 Private Archibald Grilfin, discharged on account of wounds, February 35, 
 1865. 
 
 Private Tolbert Richter, Hatcher's Run, Va.. March 25, 1865. 
 
 Private Thomas Rosser, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private \\"illiam Roberts, Hatcher's Run, \'a., March 35, 1865. 
 
 Private R. T. Robinson, Hatcher's Run, Va., October 27, 1864. 
 
 Private Joseph Robbins, Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6, 1865. 
 
 Private Moses Robbins, Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. 
 
 Private George Sharp, Laurel Hill, Va., May 9, 1864. 
 
 Private Henry A. Troutman, Bethesda Church, Va., June 2, 1864. (With 
 Sixty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers.) 
 
 Private James R. Thompson, Petersburg, Va.. June 18, 1864. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Total enrollment 146 
 
 Killed and died of wounds 10 
 
 Died of disease 5 
 
 Discharged on account of wounds and disabilities 48 
 
 Transferred to A^eteran Reserve Corps 3 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Deserted 6 
 
 Transferred to other companies and regiments 25 
 
 Not on Muster-out Rolls 5 
 
 Discharge at expiration of term 1 
 
 Discharge on habeas corpus 2 
 
 Veterans discharged by General Orders 4 
 
 Mustered out with tlie Regiment 44 
 
 397 
 
 JAMES VAN TASSEL. CO. A, 
 and Brother of 4th Cavalry. 
 
398 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 WILLIAM LITTLEHALES. WILLIAM LINDSAY. 
 
 JOHN DILLON. 
 
 STANLEY LAFFERTY. 
 
 SGT. W. H. JUSTICE. 
 
 JACOB O. CRAWFORD. CORP. FRANKLIN GILMORE. ELIJAH N. PRICE. 
 
UNDER TFIE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 399 
 
 MOSES ROBBINS. 
 
 LIEUT. ED. P. JOHNSTON. 
 
 
 JAMES P. JOHNSTON. 
 
 JOHN A. HAYS. 
 
iou UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY B. 
 
 By Corporal H. F. Weaver. 
 
 |HE writer, having by the fortunes of war become disabled by wounds 
 received in battle on Little Round Top, Gettysburg, July 3, 1863, 
 can only partially comply with the request to furnish a sketch of 
 Company " B." All subsequent campaigns must be described by 
 those who participated after the writer's compulsory withdrawal 
 from the service. 
 
 Captain Benjamin B. Kerr, of Pittsburg, who had acquired the prestige of 
 a year's active service in the field as a member of Company A, Ninth Pennsyl- 
 vania Reserves, organized Company B of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. The roster of commissioned and non-com- 
 missioned officers mustered into the United States service at Pittsburg, at Camp 
 Howe, in August, 1862, was as follows: 
 
 Benjamin B. Kerr, Captain ; George W. Lore, First-Lieutenant ; Benjamin 
 F. Jennings, Second-Lieutenant ; Henry W. Grubbs, First-Sergeant ; John Mc- 
 Millan, Second-Sergeant ; Daniel W. McConnel, Third-Sergeant ; James J. 
 Stewart, Fourth-Sergeant; James A. McMillan, Corporal; Milton L. Meyers, 
 Corporal ; James D. Wilson, Corporal ; John Miller, Corporal ; John Saber, Cor- 
 poral ; William Story, Corporal ; Adam Black, Corporal ; David M. Smith, Cor- 
 poral. 
 
 First-Lieutenant Lore resigned before the battle of Fredericksburg to 
 enter the United States navy. Captain Kerr commanded the Company at the 
 battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia, December 13, 186"2, soon after resigning 
 because of ill-health. 
 
 Lieutenant Benj. F. Jennings, after honorable service at Antietam and 
 F'redericksburg battles, resigned. Sergeant Henry W. Grubbs and Sergeant 
 John McMillan were commissioned First-Lieutenant and Second-Lieutenant to 
 fill these vacancies. No one hundred more cheerful, active, mischievous, and 
 diversified characters than formed the rank and file of this Company could be 
 found in any army. 
 
 Nearly all nationalities were represented. Old age and extreme youth, a 
 few fanatical prohibitionists and a number of strong anti-temperance advocates 
 characterized the Company membership. 
 
 In civil life the recruits had varied occupations, and a number seemed to 
 have had none. Coal miners and iron and steel workers from the vicinity of 
 Pittsburg, however, formed the great majority of the recruits. Captain Kerr 
 and the other officers in command, undoubtedly had their lives shortened with 
 the troubles and difficulties occasioned in breaking in the wild mustangs and skit- 
 tish colts of the Company, and making them understand the necessity of military 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 401 
 
 CAPT. H, W. GRUBBS 
 
 LIEUT. DANIEL W. McCONNELL. 
 
 SGT. JAMES A. McMILLAN. 
 
 MILTON L. MEYERS. 
 
403 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 " Spoony " Drake, " Dad 
 
 discipline and unquestioning obedience to orders. All, however, being permeated 
 with a patriotic spirit, the urgent exigencies of the service aided materially in 
 demonstrating the necessity of discipline, and the raw recruits soon became ex- 
 cellent soldiers, proving it on their first campaign and forced marches through 
 Maryland, and at Antietam, as also in the famous charge on Marye's Heights 
 at Fredericksburg, December 13, 1863. 
 
 Keeping no diary, the writer now only recalls in a most general manner the 
 names and persons of many dear comrades, with whom he enlisted and touched 
 elbows in battle from Antietam to Gettysburg. Whilst often boisterous, unruly, 
 and difficult to control in the early days of their service, no kinder, better-hearted, 
 or devoted friends to each other could be found than were those in the ranks 
 of Company B. 
 
 The peculiarity of the nick-names by which many came to be known is re- 
 called as most amusing. There was " Spitty '" Grounds, " Greaser " Woods, 
 
 ■ Craig, " Nervy " Fitzgerald, " Pat " Lyon, " Watty " 
 McCabe, " Limpy " Stack, who answered these strange 
 cognomens in camp as if they had been bestowed upon 
 them at baptism. The most of these brave soldiers 
 have long since passed to the Great Beyond, but as a 
 survivor the writer cherishes only the most affectionate 
 remembrances. 
 
 It is due Captain Henry W. Grubbs, who rose 
 from First-Sergeant to Captain, and served bravely 
 from Antietam to the Wilderness ; First-Lieutenant 
 John McMillan, who participated in every battle of the 
 Regiment, having command of the Company on the 
 last campaign and at Appomattox; and Second-Lieu- 
 tenant Daniel W. IMcConnell, his brave and efficient 
 assistant in all of the same battles, to say that their 
 promotion was well earned. These officers returned 
 home in command of the Company. 
 
 Sergeant James A. McMillan and Corporal Richard B. Davis are recalled 
 by the writer as faithful, brave soldiers, ever ready for duty and obedient to 
 orders. In another part of this history, the writer contributes his recollections 
 of Fredericksburg and Gettysburg, and having told the story here of the original 
 organization of Company " B," the writer will conclude this sketch. 
 
 CORP. R. B. DAVIS. 
 
 LAST TWO YEARS IN COMPANY B. 
 By Orderly-Serge.vxt James A. McMill.\x. 
 
 CoRPOR.'\L H. F. Weaver's contribution describing the organization and roster 
 of officers in the campaign to Gettysburg, where the gallant Corporal's military 
 career was cut short by a Confederate bullet, disabling him for life, will shorten 
 the writer's story, confining it to incidents in the last two years' campaigning. It 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 403 
 
 is no easy task after the lapse of forty- 
 three years to tap one's memory to re- 
 call the scenes and stirring events and 
 interesting incidents of war days. The 
 writer has, however, distinct recollec- 
 tions of several incidents and episodes 
 of service in Company B, which may 
 be of interest not only to the survivors 
 and their friends, but to the general 
 reader. 
 
 The Company was composed of men 
 and boys gathered from many walks of 
 life, farmers, tradesmen, coal miners, mill 
 men, laborers and one solitary preacher, 
 constituting the roll of the Company. 
 No reflection is meant on the morality 
 of the Company when the opinion is ex- 
 pressed that there might have been more 
 of the latter's holy calling to the profit 
 of the remainder of the Company. 
 One thing is certain and that is that 
 the " peep-o'-day " boys, and the " mud- 
 larks '■ of Saw Alill Run, so well represented in the ranks of the Company, could 
 be relied upon in becoming busy when there was anything doing, from a raid on 
 the sutler store to a battle with the " Johnnies." On either occasion they did 
 their duty and reaped their rewards in their share of the spoils and in the 
 honors of war. 
 
 The fortunes of war deprived this Company within seven months from the 
 time of leaving home of its original commissioned officers — Captain, First and 
 Second Lieutenants — all having resigned and returned to their peaceful homes. 
 
 JAMES A. McMillan. 
 
 A Fat.\l Presentiment. 
 
 All the battlefields of the Army of the Potomac, as well as the national 
 cemeteries at Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg, attest by their graves 
 the heroism of members of Company B from Antietam to Appomattox. The 
 incidents I shall describe may have been overlooked in the itinerary of this his- 
 tory, and will not, therefore, encroach on the genera! narrative. At the battle 
 variously called Laurel Hill and Alsop's Farm, on May 8, 1864, on the all-night 
 march from the Wilderness, preceding the morning of this battle. First-Sergeant 
 Thomas Innis Wood, one of the bravest and most energetic men in the Company, 
 who had been promoted from the ranks, experienced a strange and pathetic 
 presentiment as to his fate in the battle of the morrow. Its persistent domination 
 so overcame him that he approached Captain H. W. Grubbs, commanding the 
 Company, with the most unexpected and surprising request to be excused from 
 service in the approaching engagement. The Captain inquired if he were sick 
 
404 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 or disabled in any way, and on the Sergeant's answering in the negative, regret- 
 fully refused his request. At a halt on the road on the line of march, Sergeant 
 Woods was seen to leave the ranks and seat himself at the foot of a large tree, 
 where he took from his pocket a diary and made entries therein. Of this action, 
 although observed by the writer and others of the Company, Sergeant Woods 
 offered no explanation, and as the column renewed its march no significance was 
 attached to the action. An hour later the engagement opened and soon became 
 a desperate conflict. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, with the 
 Fifth Army Corps being in the advance, was soon ordered forward to assault 
 the enemy's column. In doing so the Regiment lost from the severe fire of the 
 encmv a number of its best soldiers. Among the latter, falling early in the action, 
 
 was Sergeant Thomas Innis \\'oods, 
 having been at first reported among 
 the missing. The writer and other 
 volunteers of the Company instituted 
 a search in the woods at the scene of 
 the assault by the Regiment, and 
 found among the large number of 
 >lain the dead body of their dearly- 
 liL-loved comrade. The detail in re- 
 moving his remains took from hi^ 
 pocket his diary and watch which 
 were given into possession of the 
 writer. An examination of the diary, 
 made as the Company buried his body 
 in a battlefield grave, exhibited the 
 last entry made by Sergeant Woods 
 a short half hour before the battle in 
 which he lost his life. This entry 
 was addressed to the writer, and ex- 
 pressed the belief that the Sergeant 
 was certain he would fall in the im- 
 pending battle, in which event he 
 asked the writer to bury his body, 
 and to mark his grave so that his friends could recover his remains after the 
 war. The diary entry further requested the writer to read the 90th Psalm at 
 his burial and also gave instructions as to the disposition to be made of his watch 
 and personal effects. Thus the mortal career of one of the best, bravest, and 
 most exemplary Christian soldiers was ended. 
 
 JOHN L. RAMSEY, THOS. I. WOODS and 
 
 JAMES A. McMillan. 
 
 Another incident of a different character is recalled, and mav be worth re- 
 peating here. On the last days of May, 1864, the Regiment, on crossing and 
 fording the North Anna River and securing position on the south side, had a 
 very active and busy time in getting into line before being discovered by the 
 Confederates of Breckenridge's Corps, who were waiting for them at another 
 ford. General Warren, being well aware of that fact through his scouts, directed 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 405 
 
 the march of his cokimns to an unguarded passage some miles higher up the 
 stream, at Jericho Ford, and crossed the entire corps of infantry to the south 
 side of the North Anna before being discovered. While in line awaiting the 
 expected attack of the enemy, having arms stacked and cooking the frugal meal 
 allowed on the march, one of the boys of Company B, who might have been 
 " Pat " Lvon, was seen slowly marching to join his Company in its position await- 
 ing attack. This comrade named had been wounded in the knee in the fight 
 at Laurel Hill a few days before, and although unable to march with the Com- 
 pany, he followed the army as best he could. As he came to the Company line 
 before the opening of the battle, he was limping, but was also lugging a pillow 
 slip half full of cornmeal, and also a genuine hickory-smoked Virginia ham. 
 Some kindly-disposed native Virginian must have given these timely articles to 
 comrade Pat, for he would not steal. Pat. on joining the Company, threw down 
 the sack of cornmeal and the ham, and said to the Company, " There, youse 
 hungry fellers can have something for supper." Elaborate preparations were at 
 once started for a royal meal of corn cakes and ham. The Confederates, how- 
 ever, must have smelled the odor of the frying ham, for they soon concentrated 
 in our front, and then and there attempted to capture the meal in preparation. 
 They made desperate efforts to drive the Regiment back over tl>e river, con- 
 tinuing the attack at intervals all night. The Confederates did not succeed in 
 forcing General Ayres' Brigade, in which the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 was serving, back to the North Anna, but they certainly did spoil that supper. 
 All survivors of Company B to this day deeply regret that generous " Pat " Lyon's 
 effort to supply his Company with a good supper on the battle line ended so 
 disastrously. 
 
 The memorable charge of the 18th of June, 18G-±, in front of Petersburg, 
 is detailed so fully in the itinerary, both as to losses and strategic advances, as 
 to require but little mention here. In this assault some comrades of Company B, 
 the writer remembers, started for the right, opposite the center of the breast- 
 works, and they ran into a wire fence which was stretched along the Baxter 
 Road. Private R. B. Davis, the writer remembers, among others, in striking 
 the wire fence turned a somersault head first into the road. Sergeant Walter 
 McCabe being his running-mate on the occasion. The wire was concealed by 
 the bushes, and caused the tumble on the part of Davis. The enfilading fire of 
 infantry and artillery on this occasion was more severe than the direct fire, from 
 the close range of the enemy's fort, in which Company B lost eight men out 
 of thirty engaged. Corporal Robert Story received three bullet wounds, as 
 did also Alexander Crowley, from which both died. Two comrades lost legs, 
 one lost an arm, and only one of the wounded was able to return for duty again. 
 
 In December, 1864. the Fifth Corps, to which the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth was attached, was ordered on a reconnoissance south, to destroy the Weldon 
 Railroad that was of the greatest importance to the Confederates as a line of 
 supplies. After quite a lengthy march the Union column reached the road. 
 They went to work with a will, destroying the road, burning the ties, and twisting 
 
406 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 the rails. This work occupied nearly two days. The weather was extremely cold 
 and disagreeable. On the afternoon of the second day the troops halted, and 
 having no shelter or blankets, considerable suffering from exposure ensued. 
 
 '■ Spoony " Drake, one of their water squad who had gone after water to 
 make coffee, soon returned to camp drunk, and being asked if he had gotten 
 any water, replied that he had not, but that he had obtained some of the best 
 stuff' he ever tasted. On investigation it was found that his canteens and coffee- 
 pot were filled with applejack, and he had also a comb of honey in his haversack. 
 After sampling the stuff, and discovering it pleasant to the taste, the writer gave 
 " Dick " Davis a pull of it. " Dick " at the time, was trying to dissect or masti- 
 cate a portion of an old cow that had been picked up and slaughtered by the 
 butchers and issued to the Regiment. In a very few minutes after taking his 
 pull at the canteen, " Dick " could not connect his knife 
 with the beef. On being informed that he was drunk, he 
 frankly admitted the self-evident fact. On attempting to 
 turn to give the writer his knife, Comrade Davis, sad to 
 state, fell into the embrace of mother earth, and soon sub- 
 sided into one of the quietest soldiers in camp. There were 
 others. 
 
 These, after partaking of the applejack, tried to dissect 
 the cow, but were soon prostrated, and the writer declares 
 his belief now that that quarter of the cow in question never 
 was carved. In looking back, the writer is fully convinced 
 that the entire command was applejacked, or in other words 
 were drunk. All, however, could duly declare their ignor- 
 ance of the qualities of the applejack, or, that they knew 
 that the beverage was loaded. 
 
 The return march of this reconnoissance to the Wel- 
 don Railroad was marked by unusually severe, bitter cold, 
 and sleety weather, causing the clothes of the troops to 
 freeze as they marched. One shivers yet as he recalls that 
 march. The discomfort of that night following will not 
 bt forgotten while any of the participants live. 
 A little incident also worth noticing occurred on the march back from 
 this raid on the Weldon Railroad, to our camps in front of Petersburg. On pass- 
 ing a large plantation some of the boys found a hogshead of molasses, turned 
 it on end, knocked the head out, and helped themselves. The molasses began 
 to get low, and in order to get to it it was necessary to balance on the top of 
 the hogshead to reach tlie sweet contents. One poor fellow overbalanced and 
 went head first into the molasses. When he was pulled out he was surely one of 
 the queerest looking pickles one ever saw, and was nearly smothered. Oh ! but 
 he was sweet. 
 
 Not to protract this sketch the writer cannot close without expressing, even 
 at this late day, the friendship and obligations for the many favors and kind- 
 nesses in the daily life of a soldier received by him at the hands of this gallant 
 company. The writer would like to name every one of the heroic dead and the 
 
 RICHARD B. DAVIS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 407 
 
 MICHAEL NILON. 
 
 ISAAC CRAIG. 
 
 JOHN CRAIG. 
 
 patriotic survivors who so faithfully served their country, but to do so in this 
 sketch would be impossible. Where all did so well, it seems unjust to single out 
 particular persons, but the writer could not forbear the tribute due Sergeant 
 Thomas Innis Woods, for his good advice and excellent example during his 
 service, nor can he overlook Comrade " Dad " Craig, still living. Can you for- 
 get. Comrade " Dad," the night >ou stood the writer's watch at Laurel Hill, when 
 tired nature exhausted the writer's power of endurance so that he could no longer 
 stand ? 
 
 Dear Comrade " Dick " Davis, still my neighbor, ever ready as a soldier for 
 duty, unselfish as a mess-mate, with a never-empty haversack, and always ready 
 to divide its contents, how can memory of you ever fade ! To brave Sergeant 
 Walter McCabe, ever fearless unto recklessness at the front, honest, true, and 
 faithful as a friend, a similar tribute is due to you. " Bob " Stoddard, always 
 as ready to fight the enemy as he was in camp to forage for subsistence, gave up 
 his life on the 18th of Ji-Wie, 1864. Little, but gallant, Sergeant " Johnny " Hays, 
 faithful William Woods, reliable William C. McMillen, gentle and jolly " Mike " 
 Nilon, the brave and dutiful " Charley " Ott, who lost his leg on the fateful 
 
 WALTER McCAfiE. 
 
 CHARLES W. OTT. 
 
 WILLIAM C. McMILLEN. 
 
408 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 18th of June, David M. Smith, killed at Gettysburg, sturdy and brave Lieu- 
 tenant " Dan " W. McConnell, and gallant Corporal Harry F. Weaver, who lost 
 his foot on Little Round Top, July 2, 1863, and the dutiful Corporal Milton L> 
 Meyers, all are among the friends and patriots of Company B impressed on the 
 writer's memory. Many have gone where war is unknown and all deserve 
 tributes as earning for Company B its honored record. Handsome Sergeant 
 Harry R. Campbell, whose sad fate it was to be wounded and captured in the open- 
 ing battle of the Wilderness, and to be carried off to languish in Confederate 
 prisons, brings a tear to the eyes of the writer. His death at Annapolis aboard 
 the exchange steamer on the memorable 9th of April, 1865, his patriotic spirit 
 passing away as his comrades of Company B at Appomattox were receiving the 
 
 surrender of the Confederate army are but 
 ^^^^ one among the thousand other like occurrences. 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^ of that terrible war. 
 
 ^^^^^^^^BB At the recent unveiling of the Hum- 
 
 '^f "^ "^ ^r^ phreys' Monument at Fredericksburg on No- 
 
 vember 11, 1908, and at the reunion of the 
 Regiment on the same occasion, but twelve 
 survivors of Company B answered roll-call on 
 - -^^^^^ the old battlefield on Marye's Heights, thus 
 
 mk ^ " ^^^^ evidencing the ravages of time and the work 
 
 W Uk .Sil^.^ ^^^^A of the grim messenger in the ranks of this 
 
 famous Company, on whose rolls the names of 
 one hundred and fifty men were carried. 
 
 The fact that this Company furnished 
 / music as well as fighters should not be over- 
 
 looked, as but few performers on the ear- 
 piercing fife in the army could surpass the 
 ROBERT R cuLP niastcrly notes in playing of " Sam " Heflick 
 
 and his younger brother, John Heflick, who^ 
 joined his brother in the Company in the second year of the war, both proudly 
 serving until the triumphal day at Appomattox, and in the parade through the 
 streets of Pittsburg on the occasion of the reception accorded the survivors of the 
 Regiment at the close of the war. 
 
 To Company B must also be credited the honor of Corporal " Bob " Culp, 
 the accomplished Regimental violinist, and no less skillful blacksmith. This Com- 
 pany had also the honor of furnishing an able member of the Regimental Drum. 
 Corps, in the person of Private William Grounds. 
 
 Record Enrollment, Casualties, Etc., Company B. 
 
 KILLED AND DIED OF WOUNDS. 
 
 Sergeant Thomas L Woods— Killed at Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864. 
 Corporal Robert Story — Died July 14th of wounds received at Petersburg, 
 Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 409 
 
 SAMUEL J. HEFLICK AND WILLIAM GROUNDS 
 of Regimental Band. 
 
410 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Corporal Adam Black — Died July 9, 1863, of wounds received at Fredericks- 
 burg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 
 Corporal David M. Smith — Killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 
 Private Alexander Crowley — Died July 6, 1SG4, of wounds received at; 
 Petersburg, \'a., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private William Douglas — Killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1SG3. 
 
 Private Henry Kaner — Killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 
 Private Abraham Miller — Killed at Peebles' Farm, Va., September 30, 1864. 
 
 Private Michael Seiffert — Killed at Spottsylvania ,Va., May 11, 1864. 
 
 Private William C. Todd— Killed at Quaker Road, Va., March 29, 1865. 
 
 MISSING IN .avCTlGN. 
 
 Private Harrison Daverbiss, \\'ilderness, \'a.. May .5, 1864. 
 
 DIED IN PRISON OR RESULT OF IMPRISONMENT. 
 
 Sergeant Harry R. Campbell, at Annapolis, Md., April 9, 186.5. 
 Private William A. Moore, at Richmond, \'a., September 16, 1864. 
 
 DIED OF DISEASE. 
 
 Private John L. Byers, at Bolivar Heights, Va., December, 1862. 
 
 Private William Cronemeyer, at Camp Humphreys, Va., Alarch 17, 1863. 
 
 Private Samuel Edmunds, at Stoneman's Switch, \'a., December 12, 1863. 
 
 Private William Clenden, at City Point, Va., December 28, 1864. 
 
 Private David Hopkins, at Annapolis, Md., March 17, 186-5. 
 
 Private Archibald McMillan, at Sharpsburg, Md., November 7, 1862. 
 
 Private .Alexander Porter, at Philadelphia, Pa., May 12, 1863. 
 
 Private John Ramsey, at Appomattox C. H., Va., April 12, 186.5. 
 
 Private William Smith, May 3, 1863. 
 
 Private Carl Truxall, at Washington. D. C. July 13, 1864. 
 
 Private Michael Weaver, at W'ashington, D. C, May 6, 18G5. 
 
 WOUNDED IN ACTION. 
 
 Sergeant John Hays, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Sergeant James P. Stewart, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 
 Sergeant Francis A. Plarvey, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 18G4. (Loss of arm.) 
 
 Corporal Harry F. Weaver, Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. (Loss of foot.) 
 
 Corporal John Saber, Boydtown Road, \'a., March 31, 1865. 
 
 Private Robert R. Gulp. Hatcher's Run, \'a., October 27, 1864. 
 
 Private Ferdinand Deitsch, Laurel Hill, Ya... May 8, 1864. 
 
 Private John Eastwood, Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. 
 
 Private John Gabel, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. (Loss of leg.) 
 
 Private Patrick Lyons, Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1861. 
 
 Private John McKinley, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 
 Private Hugh McFarland, Hatcher's Run, A'a., October 27, 1864. 
 
UNDER THE r^IALTESE CROSS. 411 
 
 Private Charles McMahon, Petersburg, Va., July 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Charles W. Ott, Petersburg, Va., July 18, 186-t. (Loss of leg.) 
 
 Private Patrick Stack, Wilderness. Va., May 5, ISGl. 
 
 Private Samuel Upcraft, Fredericksburg, \'a., December 13, 1863. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Total enrollment 157 
 
 Killed and died of wounds 13 
 
 Died of disease and in prison 13 
 
 Deserted 6 
 
 Discharged on account of wounds and disabilities 46 
 
 Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps 8 
 
 Transferred to other organizations 31 
 
 Never joined Company 6 
 
 Officers resigned 3 
 
 Discharged at expiration of term 3 
 
 Transferred men discharged by General Orders 4 
 
 Dishonorably discharged 1 
 
 Wounded in Action 16 
 
 jMustered Out with Regiment 86 
 
 .^^^e.■ , ' -^m- 
 
 
412 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 COMPANY C— THE COLOR COMPANY. 
 
 By Lieutenant Joseph M. Cargo. 
 
 jOMPANY C may truly be said to have had its birth at the great 
 Union mass-meeting held on the West Commons (now Park) 
 of Allegheny City, in the latter part of July, 1863, when the news 
 of repulse and disasters to the gallant Union army under General 
 George B. McClellan startled the country and aroused the patriotic 
 element predominating in the young and old of that day and generation. 
 
 Among the recruiting stands opened on that memorable day, when twenty 
 thousand people rallied to hear the sad news from the lips of Pennsylvania's 
 own great War Governor, Andrew G. Curtin, and other patriotic orators, was 
 John H. Cain, of Pittsburg. His recruiting booth was decorated with the 
 Nation's flag under the folds of which, in United States uniform, a fifer and 
 drummer kept time to the music of the day. During the progress of the meeting 
 and after each stirring war address urging enlistment. Captain Cain's quota was 
 rapidly filling and at last twenty-five names were enrolled. Besides the writer, 
 who signed his name, he now recalls comrades Archie N. Euwer, L. E. Mc- 
 Pherson, John McGee, Thos. B. Dunn, Thos. Wiseman, and Thomas Sprague, as 
 
 among the gallant comrades with whom 
 in the ne.xt three years' service in the field 
 the writer was destined to become most 
 intimate. 
 
 Captain Cain had served three months 
 in the Twelfth Pennsylvania Infantry un- 
 der Mr. Lincoln's first call for three- 
 months' troops. He had in that regiment 
 the benefit of the military service in camp 
 and on drills under two efficient and brave 
 soldiers who later died for the Union 
 cause — General Alexander Hays, who was 
 killed in the Wilderness, Major of the 
 Regiment, and Colonel James H. Childs, 
 who fell commanding the Fourth Penn- 
 sylvania Cavalry at Antietam, Captain of 
 the company in which Captain Cain had 
 served as a private. 
 
 Lee Anshutz, of Pittsburg, at the 
 
 same mass-meeting was recruiting for the 
 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, and se- 
 
 CAPT. AUGUSTUS H. HEisEY. cured a number of volunteers. He had 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 413 
 
 achieved a reputation as an efficient Captain in command of a company of Home 
 Guards in Pittsburg, known as the Park Rifles. It was drilled by the late James 
 G. Weldon, a Sergeant in the Duquesne Grays. The company wore an attractive 
 zouave uniform in mild imitation of that of the famous Ellsworth Chicago 
 zouaves. Its gaudy uniform made the organization exceedingly popular in local 
 circles, with its fancy drills and presence at flag presentations, reviews, etc. To 
 the city school boys of fifteen and sixteen years of age, this company was es- 
 pecially attractive. It is needless to add that for the same reason it became de- 
 cidedly popular among the school girls and lassies of that day. They frequently 
 attended the fancy drills and gorgeous dress parades daily had on the Allegheny 
 Commons parade grounds. On these occasions the young ladies were wont not 
 only to cheer the embryo heroes of the rank and file of Captain Anshutz' crack 
 company with the bewitching smiles, but frequently accompanied the same with 
 wreaths, bouquets, and small flags to emphasize their sympathy for the Union 
 and the youthful zouaves of the Park Rifles. 
 
 Among the boys still attending school or just leaving whom the writer now re- 
 calls first meeting at the company, answering to Captain Anshutz's roll-calls, were 
 John F. Hunter, Charles F. McKenna, John Mackin, and other boys who grad- 
 uated the next year into full-fledged volunteers in the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment, none of those named having at the time passed his seventeenth 
 year. Chas. Seibert, Nicholas Seibert, J. J. Ricketts, and F. C. O'Brien volun- 
 teered from this home-guard company to join the Sixty-second Regiment Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers, being organized by Colonel Samuel W. Black. Scott C. 
 McDowell, the handsome color-bearer of the Park Rifles, still later joined the 
 same regiment and died a soldier's death in the famous Peach Orchard on the 
 field of Gettysburg. 
 
 Captain Anshutz, at the close of the great War meeting of July, 18G2, al- 
 ready mentioned, merged the recruits who had volunteered with him with those 
 already recruited by Captain Cain at the same mass-meeting, and thus Com- 
 pany C of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was completed. It organized by 
 the choice of John H. Cain as Captain. Lee Anshutz was made First-Lieutenant 
 and James S. Palmer was appointed Second-Lieutenant. On organization of the 
 Regiment, Captain Cain was commissioned Major and Lieutenant Anshutz was 
 promoted to Captain, and James S. Palmer advanced to First-Lieutenant. John 
 T. Denniston was promoted to the vacant Second-Lieutenancy of the Company. 
 
 A Flag Reminiscence. 
 In October, 1862, when the representative of Governor Curtin at Camp 
 McAuley, Sharpsburg, Md., on behalf of the State of Pennsylvania, presented 
 the beautiful new United States flag to Colonel Allen, commanding the Regi- 
 ment, assembled on dress parade for the occasion, all will recall the eloquent 
 and patriotic response of the Colonel in receiving the colors. Particularly pa- 
 thetic is the recollection now recalled how at the bugler's call. Captain Anshutz 
 and Color-Sergeant Thomas E. Wiseman, of " C " Company, marched to the 
 front of the Regiment, where the Colonel handed the spotless new flag to Color- 
 Sergeant Wiseman, accompanied with a solemn charge as to the duty of the 
 
414 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Sergeant to forever defend the honor of the precious emblem entrusted to his 
 custody. How vigorous and soldierly erect both Captain Anshutz and Color- 
 Sergeant Wifeman appeared as they proudly marched back to the Regimental 
 line with the sacred colors can never be forgotten by those who witnessed the 
 impressive ceremony. 
 
 What a distressing contrast in scenes and coincidences in the lives of these 
 two beloved comrades occurred in less than two short months when the Regiment 
 received its baptism of fire in the battle of Fredericksburg, December 1.3, 1862. 
 It formed with seven other new Pennsylvania regiments, composing Humphreys' 
 Division, the " forlorn hope "' or last desperate assault ordered by Burnside, and 
 led by the intrepid General A. A. Humphreys against the stonewall defended by 
 the Confederate army on Marye's Heights. Seventeen hundred and fifty men 
 killed and wounded in the bayonet charge of this Division, occupying not over 
 fifteen minutes, tells its own story. Among the killed of Company C were 
 Captain Anshutz and Color-Sergeant Thos. E. Wiseman. The beautiful flag 
 
 was badly riddled and torn by the ene- 
 my's missiles. The flag staff was shat- 
 tered and broken. Sergeant Wiseman, 
 however, held on to the colors until they 
 were rescued from his dying grasp by 
 Color-Corporal Thomas C. Lawson, of 
 Company H. Immediately around the 
 prostrate forms of Captain Anshutz and 
 Color-Sergeant Wiseman four of the 
 color-corporals also lay mortally wounded 
 defending the colors, being Chas. Bar- 
 deen. Company F, Frank Thompson, 
 Company I, Geo. W. Bratten, Company 
 E, and Robert Rankin, Company I. 
 Both Captain Anshutz and Color-Ser- 
 geant Wiseman were buried by comrades 
 of the Company in the Court House 
 yard. The Court House was one of the 
 largest buildings in the town. Its rooms 
 were used for hospitals. It was over- 
 crowded with wounded and dying. The 
 numerous amputations and operations in 
 progress greatly over-worked the large 
 corps of surgeons. The many coffins we 
 had seen piled up on Stafford's Heights, 
 just before the army crossed over the 
 Rappahannock on the pontoons to Fred- 
 ericksburg, were all needed in this en- 
 gagement. 
 
 Private John F. Hunter, of Com- 
 LiEUT. JOS. M. CARGO. P^n)' C, whilst serving as the personal 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 415 
 
 ■mounted orderly of General Humphreys in the great charge on Marye's Heights 
 ■was shot in the shoulder and knocked off his horse by the fire of the enemy. 
 It became necessary to amputate his arm at the shoulder joint. Comrade Hunter 
 was so disabled by his terrible wounds that it was long after the close of the war 
 ■before he was permitted to leave the hospital. 
 
 Lieutenant James S. Palmer, on the death of Captain Anshutz, assumed com- 
 mand of the Company during the remainder of the battle. He was rewarded with 
 merited promotion, being commissioned as Captain, and Lieutenant Denniston was 
 promoted to First-Lieutenant. Orderly-Sergeant Augustus H. Heisey, under 
 whose discipline the raw material of the Company had been developed into 
 trained soldiers, also received recognition, being advanced to a Second-Lieuten- 
 ancy. In this capacity, owing to the pro- 
 tracted sickness of Captain Palmer and 
 the absence of Lieutenant Denniston on 
 ■detailed staff duty for several monthsj 
 Lieutenant Heisey frequently com- 
 manded the Company. 
 
 The casualty list of Company C, be- 
 ginning at Marye's Heights, was fol- 
 lowed by the death of Privates Abner 
 Adams and Marion Hartley, who met 
 their fate on the skirmish line on open- 
 ing the battle of the Wilderness. Both 
 
 hands 
 Three 
 in the 
 
 SGT. JOS. SHAWHAN. 
 
 todies fell into the enemy's 
 and were never recovered, 
 days later, on May 8th, early 
 morning, the Fifth Corps, with Ayres' 
 Brigade and the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth in advance, occurred the bat- 
 tle of Laurel Hill, or Alsops' Farm, as 
 i<- is often called. Sergeant Joseph 
 M. Shawhan, popularly known as 
 ■" Forty " in the Regiment, was among 
 the first killed, as he led the Com- 
 pany into action. His death cast a gloom over the Company. He was much 
 beloved by his superior officers and the ranks of the Company for his soldierly, 
 manly qualities. In the same action Samuel Andrews fell, mortally wounded. 
 After the battle, both these heroes were buried on the battlefield by comrades, 
 who affectionately marked their graves with headboards. 
 
 The general history with itinerary of the Regiment tells the story of the 
 subsequent continuous actions and skirmishing at Spottsylvania, North Anna, and 
 Bethesda Church in the great flank movement of the Union army under Grant 
 ■on its second " on to Richmond " marches. 
 
 On June 1st and 2nd, at Bethesda Church, the Ninth Corps, under General 
 Burnside, and the Fifth Corps, commanded by General Warren, were ordered 
 "by Lieutenant-General Grant to advance their skimiish line against the enemy 
 
416 
 
 UNDER THE IMALTESE CROSS. 
 
 and to make constant demonstrations of heavy firing to detain the large corps of 
 General Lee's anny from reinforcing the other Confederate corps in the Cold 
 Harbor fortified defences of Richmond. General Grant had ordered the Second 
 Corps, nnder General Hancock, and the Sixth Corps, under General Wright, to- 
 mass in force assaulting columns to capture the fortified positions held by the 
 enemy. Two successive assaults in force by these determined corps w-ere re- 
 pulsed with the heaviest loss in officers and men of any similar action of the 
 campaign. General Grant issued a third order to renew the assault, but the 
 order was subsequently countermanded owing to the heavy losses. For two 
 days and nights the advance of this vidette and skirmish work was assigned to 
 Ayres' Brigade in which the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was serving. The 
 exposure to the deadly range of the enemy's sharpshooters during this period 
 told upon the list of killed and wounded in the Regiment. 
 
 June 18th, 1861, marked a bloody day's work in the career of the Regi- 
 ment. Lieutenant-General Grant determined to have all the corps of the army 
 at a certain hour on this day simultaneously attack the outer works of defences 
 of Petersburg in hopes of penetrating the lines and capturing the city, before 
 General Lee's army, defending Richmond, could be transferred to the de- 
 fences. It was, however, found impossible by reason of the stubborn resist- 
 ance of the enemy to carry out this intention, and the assaults were made sep- 
 arately by the Fifth, Ninth and Sixth Corps, late in the afternoon. Colonel 
 Ewing, commanding the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, delivered 
 orders to " fix bayonets " and to charge the Confederates' fort in front, 
 and with cheers the men advanced. They first met a direct destruc- 
 tive fire from the defenders of the fort, which, however, did not halt the col- 
 umn until a very heavy enfilading fire of infantry 
 and artillery opened and checked the assaulting column 
 within thirty yards of the enemy's works, when the 
 order to fall back was given. The venerable Captain 
 S. A. McKee, with uplifted sword, leading the assault, 
 fell mortally wounded, with a score of the bravest 
 spirits of the Regiment as his companions in death. 
 Color-Sergeant Thomas J. Marlin, with the colors in 
 hand pressing to the front, received a painful woimd 
 which disabled him. By direction of Colonel Ewing, 
 Color-Corporal, L. E. McPherson, of Company C, took 
 Sergeant Marlin's place and charge of the colors during- 
 the remainder of the battle, and for the next week's 
 active campaign, after which period Sergeant Marlin 
 returned from the hospital to resume his old posi- 
 tion. 
 
 In this day's action Captain Heisey, commanding 
 Company C, was conspicuous side by side with Cap- 
 tain McKee in leading his men in the advance of the 
 storming column, and was among the last to obey the 
 LEMUEL E. Mcpherson, order to fall back. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 4ir 
 
 The charge of the Regiment on June 18, 1864, was only equalled in its 
 severity and daring by that of its experience in the famous charge of Humphreys' 
 Division on Marye's Heights, December 13, 1863. 
 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth can truly assert that its members on this 
 assault on the outer defences of Petersburg got closer to the enemy's works than 
 did those of any other command engaged in the storming columns on that occa- 
 sion. The only Union troops actually reaching the enemy's fort on this occasion 
 were a half dozen daring spirits of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, commanded by Sergeant " Bill " Coiner, of Company H, who, refus- 
 ing to fall back, crossed through the deadly fire of the enemy and took shelter in 
 the moat or ditch surrounding the Confederate fort. The fatal range of the 
 enemy's firing was shown as young Rankin, of Company I, who exposed him- 
 self preparatory to running back to our lines before night would set in, was 
 instantly perforated by a half dozen shots from the enemy's sharpshooters, 
 his body falling back into the moat. The others in the moat laid low until the 
 shades of night, when they escaped by crawling back within our lines, picking 
 their way through the rows of the dead and dying. Both Generals Warren and 
 Griffin, at midnight, sent field reports to Generals Grant and Meade of this 
 action of the men of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment on reaching 
 the front. 
 
 Passing from the many other important events so rapidly following in the 
 siege of Petersburg we reach Fort Stedman near the end of the great siege. At 
 Fort Stedman, March 25, 1865, in front of Petersburg, the enemy during the 
 night performed a daring deed in first capturing our pickets, and next the 
 guards stationed at entrance to the fort. It was a complete surprise and at first 
 was quite successful, the Confederates capturing this important fort and turn- 
 ing its guns upon the Union forts adjoining. The victory, however, was of 
 short duration, as General Meade and his corps commanders at once made coun- 
 ter moves which drove the enemy from Fort Stedman with heavy loss in prisoners 
 and killed and wounded, and driving the enemy back into the Confederate line. 
 Under Colonel Ewing, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth participated in the action 
 at Hatcher's Run, following the recapture of Fort Stedman, and sustained severe 
 losses. Colonel Ewing received a serious wound in the foot, so disabling him that 
 he turned the command of the Regiment over to Major John A. Cline. In this ac- 
 tion. Sergeant Thos. C. Sprague, Corporal Thomas Montgomery, and Privates 
 Samuel K. Book and John C. Book were wounded. Memory so crowds one as the 
 mind is concentrated on those days long gone by, that it is difficult to draw the cur- 
 tain or tell where to end the narrative. However, as the sketch of the Company 
 shows that Company C lost its brave Commander Anshutz in its first battle, it is 
 but proper to state that at Five Forks, its last battle, planned and won by General 
 G. K. Warren, the Company lost its last commander. Lieutenant Thos. B. Dunn, 
 who fell mortally wounded in that decisive battle. He had escaped all missiles 
 of the enemy in every battle from Antietam to Five Forks to receive his death 
 at the very end of the campaign. His promotion had been recent and he had 
 just returned from fifteen days' leave of absence to visit Pittsburg, when march- 
 
418 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 ing orders opening Grant's last campaign were issued. Lieutenant Dunn's home 
 was at Perrysville, Allegheny county, where he was deservedly popular. Gen- 
 eral Pearson, commanding the Brigade, knowing the soldierly qualities and rec- 
 ord of Lieutenant Dunn, was so grieved, on hearing of his wounds, that he 
 visited the Field Hospital and offered Dr. E. C. Kitchen, the Regimental Sur- 
 geon, one thousand dollars in gold if he could save the life of the brave Lieu- 
 tenant, but, alas ! it was impossible. April 7th, a burial party laid his remains 
 to rest in the Fifth Corps field hospital burying ground adjoining the Danville 
 Railroad. 
 
 In July, 1863, Captain James S. Palmer, who was never of robust consti- 
 tution, broke down under the severe hardships of active campaigning. He re- 
 mained under treatment at his home in Pittsburg until August, 1863, when he 
 resigned. During the absence on sick leave of Captain Palmer and until No- 
 vember, 1863, Lieutenant John T. Denniston was the ranking officer and com- 
 manded the Company, the captaincy being left vacant. Lieutenant Denniston, 
 by order of the War Department, was, in the fall of 1863, detailed for staff 
 ■duty, reporting to General Thomas A. Rowley. No more deserving or patriotic 
 officers than Captain Palmer and Lieutenant Denniston were in the Union army. 
 Both proved themselves fearless soldiers in battle and chivalrous gentlemen in 
 camp, and their severance from the Company occasioned sincere regret. 
 
 By the resignations mentioned Lieutenant Heisey, who had long commanded 
 the Company, during the absence of Captain Palmer and Lieutenajit Denniston, 
 became Captain, continuing to hold this rank until mustered out with the Regi- 
 ment. On the resignation of Captain Frank Van Gorder as Regimental Quarter- 
 master early in the history of the Regiment, James B. Palmer, of Company C, 
 was promoted to Regimental Quartermaster, with rank of Captain. He fulfilled 
 the important duties so satisfactorily that he retained the important position dur- 
 ing the entire term of service of the Regiment. 
 
 This sketch cannot end without noticing a somewhat peculiar character in 
 the Company, known as little " Johnnie " Boyd. He was of drawfish size and was 
 a typical Irishman, being quick at repartee, also genial, good natured, and shrewd. 
 Endowed with no education, he depended upon picking up news and current 
 events of the day from those of a more literary turn. When not drilling and off 
 duty, " Johnnie," being of sober habits and industriously inclined to earn an honest 
 penny or dollar, secured permission from Colonels Allen, Cain, and Pearson 
 in turn to enjoy the exclusive franchise of laundryman for Company C and 
 adjacent companies. His franchise was frequently invaded by Private James 
 Finnegan, a countryman of Boyd's, who was serving in Company D. Great 
 was the fun in camp when these two worthies often indulged in joint discussions 
 over their respective rights and claims to the exclusive franchises as Company 
 laundryman in the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment. In battle, " Johnnie " 
 Boyd was full of martial spirit and did his duty on all occasions as fearlessly 
 as did his ancestors at the battle of the Boyne or at Fontenoy. 
 
 Among those entitled to credit in action and Field Hospital service was 
 Albert K. Smith, who, although at times in delicate health, fulfilled the arduous 
 duties of Sergeant in the ambulance corps during the campaigns of the Regiment. 
 
UNDER THE ]\IALTESE CROSS. 
 
 419 
 
 SGT. ALBERT K. SMITH. 
 
 In conclusion, it may be stated that the 
 proudest day in all the history of the dear 
 old Regiment was when it stood in line on the 
 occasion of paroling the Confederates of 
 General Gordon's and Longstreet's com- 
 mands after the surrender at Appomattox 
 and when we looked without malice into the 
 eyes of the brave Confederates, our oppo- 
 nents on so many hotly contested battlefields, 
 as they cheerlessly stacked their guns and 
 sadly and siletly broke ranks and walked 
 away. 
 
 This paroling scene occurred April 12, 
 1865. It was a full compensation to those of 
 us who witnessed the solemn ceremony for 
 all our sufferings and sacrifices of the three 
 years' service. The only regret felt was that 
 all our brave fellow comrades who once stood 
 in our ranks could not be with us on the 
 occasion to enjoy the glorious end of the campaign culminating so happily in a 
 restored and reunited country. 
 
 As the author of the sketch, it would ill-become the writer to say much 
 ■of his own military record as Sergeant and Orderly-Sergeant of the Company, 
 assuming command of the Company on the fall of Lieutenant Dunn in the battle 
 at Five Forks. But the writer thinks he may be excused for alluding to the fact 
 that General Lee's sudden notion to accept General Grant's terms to surrender 
 the Confederate army at Appomattox seriously interfered with the writer's pro- 
 iiiotion and commission as a Second-Lieutenant. Major Cline, commanding the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth at Five Forks, had forwarded a recommendation 
 .after the battle of the writer's name for promotion to the vacant Second-Lieu- 
 tenancy, and the same was forwarded " approved " by General Pearson, com- 
 manding the Brigade. The recommendation in due time reached the War De- 
 partment at Washington, and the commission was 
 finally made out. 
 
 The commission as Lieutenant was forwarded 
 to the writer, but arrived too late for his actual 
 muster into the service with the rank, as at Camp 
 Copeland, Pittsburg, he was paid off and mustered 
 out with his Company on June 2, 1865, as Orderly- 
 Sergeant. 
 
 Uncle Sam, however, in the " piping times of 
 peace," twelve years after the close of the Civil 
 War, corrected this injustice, and, upon due investi- 
 gation, made hati^dsome amends and directed the 
 issue of a commission as Second-Lieutenant and the 
 GEORGE BOLLINGER. mustcr in of the writer to that rank, and awarded 
 
430 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 the additional pay and emolument, as will officially appear by true copy of Special 
 Order in the case issued by the War Department. 
 
 (Copy.) 
 
 Special Orders Headquarters of the Army 
 
 No. 193 Adjutant-General's Office, 
 
 Washington, Aug. 20, 1887. 
 
 EXTRACT. 
 
 1. By direction of the acting Secretary of War, under the act approved 
 February 3, 18S7, to complete his record, the discharge of First-Sergeant Joseph 
 M. Cargo, Company C, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Infantry Vol- 
 unteers, May 11, 1865. and his muster into service as Second-Lieutenant, same 
 company and regiment, May 12, 1865, is amended to take effect April 1, 1865, and 
 he is mustered for pay in the advance grade during the period embraced between 
 the aforesaid dates. 
 
 By command of Lieutenant-General Sheridan. 
 
 R. C. Drun, 
 Official: Adjutant-General. 
 
 J. C. Kelton, 
 
 Assistant Adjutant-General. 
 
 Record. Enrollment, Casualties, Etc., Company C. 
 
 killed .'vnd died of wounds. 
 
 Captain Lee Anshutz — Killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 
 Lieutenant Thomas B. Dunn — Died April 3, 1865, of wounds received at 
 Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 
 Color-Sergeant Thomas E. Wiseman — Died of wounds received at Freder- 
 icksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 
 Sergeant Joseph Shawhan— Killed at Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864. 
 
 Corporal Cyrus L. Jamison — Killed at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 
 Corporal Anthony Thresher — Died of wounds received at Wilderness, Va., 
 May 5, 1864. 
 
 Private Samuel Andrews— Killed at Laurel Hill, Va., May 9, 1864. 
 
 Private Abner J. Adams — Killed in Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 
 Private Robert F. Campbell — Died of wounds received August 19, 1864. 
 
 Private Marion Hartley — Killed in Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 
 Private William H. Linhart— Killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Phillip Perry — Killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private George W. Plough— Killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 4:21 
 
 Private John Shue — Died of wounds received at Hatcher's Run, Va., Oc- 
 tober 27, 1864. 
 
 DIED OF DISEASE. 
 
 Corporal Edwin D. Carpenter — Died December 2d, 1862. 
 Private Andrew P. Christy— Died at Baltimore, Md., July 38, 1864. 
 Private Joseph Funiack — Died at Washington, D. C, January 1, 1863. 
 Private Michael Sullivan — Died June 12, 1864. 
 
 WOUNDED IN ACTION. 
 
 Sergeant Thomas C. Sprague, Hatcher's Run, Va., March 25, 1865. 
 Sergeant Phillip A. Drain, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 Corporal Archibald N. Euwer, Peebles' Farm, Va., September 30, 1864. 
 Corporal Thomas Montgomery, Hatcher's Run. Va., March 25, 1865. 
 Private Robert Andrew, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 Private Joseph Bowers, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 Private Samuel K. Boak, Hatcher's Run. Va.. March 25, 1865. 
 Private James M. Clark, Fredericksburg. Va., December 13, 1862. 
 Private Williamson Christy, discharged for wounds April 17. 1865. 
 Private John F. Hunter, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 Private David W. McCombs, discharged for wounds (date unknown). 
 Private James W. McCandless, discharged for wounds (date unknown). 
 Private William H. Showalter, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 Private Martin F. Stewart, with Sixty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 Never joined company. 
 
 Private James Webb, Laurel Hill, \"a.. May 8, 1864. (Loss of leg.) 
 Private John C. Wick, Hatcher's Run, Va., March 25, 1865. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Total enrollment 1^8 
 
 Killed and died of wounds 13 
 
 Died of disease ■! 
 
 Discharged on account of wounds and disabilities 42 
 
 Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps 14 
 
 Officers resigned 3 
 
 Transferred to other organizations 20 
 
 Dishonorably discharged 3 
 
 Not on Muster-out Rolls 8 
 
 Never joined company 5 
 
 Deserted H 
 
 Mustered out with Regiment 25 
 
 Wounded in action I'' 
 
423 
 
 UNDER THE [MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 CAPT. SAMUEL KILGORE. 
 
UXDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 425 
 
 IN THE RANKS OF COMPANY D. 
 
 By Private ^^'ILLIAM J. Scott. 
 
 IHE " McAuley Guards" was the name under which Company I> 
 of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers was 
 recruited in August, 1862, in the city of Pittsburg, to serve for three 
 years. Its promoter and financial contributor to its organization ex- 
 penses was James McAuley, a public-spirited and loyal citizen, of the 
 Fourth Ward, Pittsburg, at that date serving as President of one branch of City 
 Councils. Also engaged in banking business. 
 
 Captain James J. Hall, who had served in the British army in the Crimean 
 War, had advertised for volunteers to form a company. Samuel Kilgore, whO' 
 had commanded a local Home Guard company, was also advertising for recruits — 
 Alexander Carson, of Allegheny, assisting him. Captain Hall, for the Captaincy^ 
 transferred his recruits to Messrs. Kilgore and Carson. 
 
 The expenses of recruiting, which were upwards of twenty-five dollars per 
 day for the drnm-and-fife corps and flag and hall hire, with additional costs of 
 maintaining the recruits until sent to rendezvous at Camp 
 Howe, were all defrayed by Mr. McAuley. He also gave 
 the officers orders on the best tailors in the city for regu- | 
 
 lation uniforms and belts, and also to manufacturers of 
 equipments for swords and pistols. 
 
 Captain Hall was unable to endure the forced 
 marches in the field and resigned before participating in 
 active campaigning. Captain Samuel Kilgore became his 
 successor, and Alexander Carson was made First-Lieu- 
 tenant, James Wells being promoted from Orderly-Ser- 
 geant to Second-Lieutenant. 
 
 The rank and file of Company D, if not recruited 
 from the four quarters of the globe, was gathered from 
 the four quarters of Allegheny county, with consider- 
 able drafts upon England, Ireland and Scotland and the 
 German Empire. Ireland, although in a respectable mi- 
 nority, predominated in the matter of securing all the 
 commissioned officers. It is but proper also to remark 
 that they — Captain Kilgore, Lieutenant Carson and 
 James Wells — continued to fill said positions with credit, 
 Lieutenant Wells resigning, however, after two years 
 active service. His place was taken by the promotion william j. scott. 
 
434 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 of John C. Sweeney, Orderly-Sergeant. Like all the companies so hastily re- 
 cruited at the crisis of the war existing in 1862, Company D had the greatest va- 
 riety of characters, good, bad and indifferent. Discipline at first set hard upon 
 the stirring spirits, many being mere boys. Yet in the real duties of a soldier — 
 in fighting, in battle or on skirmish line, scouting or picket duty, they would take 
 any risks. It can truly be asserted that to a man no better or braver soldiers ever 
 responded more quickly to the hazards of a soldier's life than did the men com- 
 posing Company D. It was only in the long, dreary, dull, inactive days in camp 
 that the devil got busy in a number of Company D. Then it was that commotions 
 and disturbances broke out, terminating in altercations, mutinies, and open re- 
 bellion against some particular commissioned or non-commissioned officer. When 
 
 it did break out, for a while, pandemonium 
 prevailed. 
 
 In the early days of the service the 
 members of the Company were often 
 known to display their superabundant 
 spirits in camp. After pay-day, when 
 flush financially and enabled to secure 
 " commissary " beverages, they were 
 known to capture a newly-commissioned 
 officer, and, despite his protests and rank, 
 thoroughly to " haze " him, after taking 
 his sword from him. The form of this 
 ceremony at this period often took the 
 shape of sportively tossing the newly- 
 fledged officer up and down in an out- 
 stretched anny blanket until he promised 
 to be good and appealed for relief. 
 
 This hilarious disposition on the part 
 of Company D, which might be construed 
 as somewhat subversive of discipline, sur- 
 prising to state, often called for the sever- 
 est criticism from officers of other com- 
 panies in the Regiment. Several officers 
 became ^o indiscreet as openly to boast of what they would do as officers 
 with Company D, if Colonel Pearson, commanding the Regiment, made them 
 Officer of the Day, declaring how they would tame the turbulent tigers. Com- 
 pany D soon heard of these threats and at once began preparation for the 
 " coming conflict." Colonel Pearson, commanding the Regiment at Warrenton 
 Junction, arranged that Captain Kilgore should be detailed on picket duty on a 
 certain day, when one of the belligerent officers, anxious to tame Company D, 
 should be detailed as Officer of the Day in the camp of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, with instructions to keep the strictest military surveillance over Com- 
 pany D in the absence of Captain Kilgore on picket duty. 
 
 The Officer of the Day appeared on duty with the proverbial chip on his 
 shoulder. He was further equipped in regulation uniform, belt, sash and sword. 
 
 LIEUT. ALEX. CARSON. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 435- 
 
 together with an extra pompous strut. He first ventured to conduct an inspec- 
 tion of Company D. All of the Company were on the alert, and waiting for 
 the officer in question. The ball opened by a Corporal, who had not finished 
 his pay-day spree, leaving his quarters and passing the august officer without giv- 
 ing him a military salute as the Officer of the Day. The latter halted the jovial 
 Corporal, and in terms very offensive rebuked the offending subaltern, who in 
 profane and unmilitary language promptly retorted. The officer then drew his 
 sword to strike the Corporal, who, however, dodged the blow and clenched holds 
 with the officer, throwing him to the ground and taking his sword from him. 
 The disarmed and discomfited Officer of the Day reported the situation to Colonel 
 Pearson, who at once relieved the disarmed Officer of the Day. He detailed in 
 his place a new Captain for that duty. This officer, on cautiously visiting the out- 
 skirts of Company D with a guard to arrest the Corporal who had initiated 
 the row. found the whole Company all in line, fully armed, and announcing the 
 establishment of a " dead line " across which the Officer of the Day was forbid- 
 den to step. 
 
 At dusk Captain Kilgore opportunely returned to camp and order in Com- 
 pany D was at once restored. All of Company D always obeyed with af- 
 fectionate promptness any order Captain Kilgore had to give. For form's sake 
 the Corporal and companions engaged in this day's mischief were ordered by 
 Colonel Pearson to be tried for unmilitary conduct, but owing to some error or 
 mistake as to the date of the alleged offense, which had crept into the record, all 
 the accused were discharged. No repetition of the scene ever occurred. The 
 oft'ending Corporal had, at F"redericksburg and Gettysburg, distinguished himself 
 with the colors in battle, and was a favorite of Cap- 
 tain Kile:ore and Colonel Pearson. 
 
 In the first battle of the Regiment, being the 
 charge at Marye's Heights, Company D claims that 
 Private Philip Linderman, one of its members who 
 was wounded in the assault, and who remained twelve 
 hours on the field before being removed, went closer 
 to the famous stonewall than any other soldier en- 
 gaged in the attack on the Heights. General Burn- 
 side, after the battle, sent a flag to General Lee. 
 asking for an armistice to bury the dead, and to re- 
 move the wounded on the battlefield, which request 
 was granted. Colonel E. Jay Allen, commanding the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, detailed 
 Lieutenant Alex. Carson to visit the battlefield and 
 to recover the bodies of the dead and wounded of 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth lying between the 
 lines of the contending armies. The bodies of the 
 dead and wounded were placed in ambulances. Lieu- 
 tenant Carson officially reported to Colonel Allen, 
 as having discharged the duty assigned him, and that 
 
 r^' 
 
 LIEUT. JAMES WELLS. 
 
426 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 he found Private Philip Linderinan, of Company D, who had been wounded 
 in the charge the day before, lying closer to the famous stonewall than that of 
 any other soldier on that portion of Alarye's Heights. The sights and scenes 
 of this visit and detail, Lieutenant Carson avers as never being equalled in any 
 later battles during the war. 
 
 FiNNEGAN Finds and Loses a Fortune. 
 
 An amusing episode occurring after the withdrawal of the C)ne Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Regiment from ]Marye's Heights, to bivouac on the streets of Freder- 
 icksburg is narrated by Lieutenant Carson. It concerns Private James Finnegan, 
 a character of Company D. Finnegan was a diminutive little fellow, a typical 
 Irishman, shrewd, witty, and a good soldier. He left a wife and family in New 
 Castle, Pa., on enlisting. He was ever eager, by tailoring, barbering or wash- 
 ing clothes, when off military duty in camp, to earn a dollar for the support of his 
 wife and familv. He invariablv drew the government clothes and shoes several 
 
 PHILIP AND FRED. LINDERMAN. 
 
 sizes too large for him. No amount of drilling could make him familiar v\'ith the 
 manual of arms, and no amount of inspections or punishments could make Fin- 
 negan look in the least like a soldier. At Fredericksburg, Lieutenant Carson re- 
 lates, that Finnegan with others visited an abandoned bank office and on ran- 
 sacking drawers found packages of old promissory notes long previously can- 
 celled. Finnegan, unable to read, sought the aid of a comrade, who seriously 
 informed him that his " find " amounted to one hundred thousand dollars, and 
 that the notes were as "good as gold." Finnegan lost no time in confiding his 
 good luck to Lieutenant Carson, and solemnly proposed that they both take 
 '' French leave " for Ireland, where he would divide his fortune equally with the 
 Lieutenant. It took great efforts to eradicate from the mind of Finnegan the 
 ideas and visions of great wealth he had acquired. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 427 
 
 Sergeant William Shore, of Company D, was promoted to be Sergeant- 
 Major of the Regiment, the second year of his service. He continued in that im- 
 portant position vmtil the end of his term, rendering most efficient services as a 
 brave and capable soldier. At Appomattox, where the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment was on the firing line until ordered by General Chas. Criffin, com- 
 manding the Fifth Corps, to " cease firing," Sergeant-Major Shore had the great 
 distinction of receiving Captain Thos. G. Jones, then a young officer, of General 
 Gordon's staff', bearer of the Confederate flag of truce to General Grant, and of 
 passing the officer with the flag through the line on to General Chamberlain, 
 who was in command of the Division at that point. The youthful staff officer, 
 Captain Jones, is now the Honorable Thos. G. Jones, United States Judge for the 
 District of Alabama, being appointed to that position by President Roosevelt. 
 
 On the same memorable occasion. 
 Regimental bugler, William Mooney. 
 of Company D, had the honor to 
 sound the last bugle call of the Union 
 army to " cease firing." when Major 
 Geo. M. Laughlin, A. D. C. to Gen- 
 eral Griffin, commanding the Fifth 
 Corps, was dispatched to deliver the 
 message to the One Hundred and 
 other regiments to " cease firing." 
 
 The general history of the cam- 
 gaigns at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, 
 Mine Run, Wilderness, Petersburg 
 down to the Surrender and the Grand 
 Review at Washington describes the 
 scenes and events in which Company 
 D participated and, therefore, repeti- 
 tion here would be superfluous. 
 
 For individual records of the one 
 hundred and fifty men who from 
 time to time served in the Company, 
 the complete and revised Roster in the 
 Appendix must suffice. 
 
 It is due the officers who moulded 
 the raw material of this Company into disciplined soldiers that credit be given 
 them. Captain Kilgore, because of his proficiency in drilling the zouaves in 
 the skirmish drill, was much in demand for outpost duty on the firing line. He 
 was beloved by his men, whom he never invited in time of battle to go any- 
 where that he would not lead. He was wounded twice in battle and received 
 a well-merited brevet with rank of Major for meritorious conduct in the field. 
 For wounds incapacitating him from service, he resigned the Captaincy March 
 10, 1865. 
 
 Lieutenant Carson was brave, fearless and faithful in his position, ever ready 
 for duty in camp or in action. Lieutenant James Wells, a strict disciplinarian. 
 
 SGT.-MAJ. WM. SHORE. Jr. 
 
438 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 CAPT. JOHN C. SWEENEY. 
 
 after two year's active service in the 
 field, resigned. Orderly-Sergeant John 
 C Sweeney was promoted, on recom- 
 mendation of Colonel A. L. Pearson, to 
 the position of Second-Lieutenant in 
 place of Lieutenant Wells. On March 
 30, 1865, he was commissioned Captain 
 of the Company. No more popular or 
 meritorious officer than Lieutenant 
 Sweeney proved himself to be held com- 
 mission in the Union army. 
 
 A War Diary Entry. 
 Corporal Martin V. B. Sallade, of 
 Sharpsburg, seems to have been the only 
 one of the Company who kept a daily 
 diary. He left a wife and small family 
 at home when he responded to his coun- 
 try's call. No day's entry in the little 
 diary of this faithful soldier fails to 
 mention in affectionate terms his wife 
 and children. 
 
 The varied characters in the Com- 
 pany and their diversity of manners and occupations are also well illustrated by 
 entries in Corporal Sallade's daily journal, thus — " March 30, 18i)3 — Camp 
 Humphreys — Company was paid off to-daj', settlements of sutler's checks ad- 
 justed at same time. Company went on a general drunk to-day. Evening, 8 p. m. 
 Prayer meeting in Company conducted by Private Peter Tippins." Private Peter 
 Tippins mentioned in the diary was an Englishman, a coal miner by occupation, 
 who in the old country had been an evangelist and exhorter. He often conducted 
 prayer meeting in camp, preaching and singing, and temperance missionary work 
 generally. In Company D his pious efforts to reclaim were successful until 
 an unfortunate pay-day was reached and occasioned the fall from temperance 
 grace of many of his promising converts. Peter Tip- 
 pins was as brave and faithful in his military duties as 
 he was consistent and exemplary in his Christian life. 
 Sergeant George Booth, after participating with 
 the Company in the Antietam and Fredericksburg 
 campaign, was transferred from the Company to the 
 United States Signal Service and continued on that 
 most important service until the close of the war. It 
 was a remarkable coincidence that in 1886, at thfe Dedi- 
 cation of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment's 
 monument, marking the exact position occupied b}- the 
 Regiment in the battle of Gettysburg on Little Round 
 Top, Sergeant Booth delivered an address to the Regi- 
 ment describing how the Signal Corps on Little Ruund ^^^^ martin v. b. sallade 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 429 
 
 SGT. GEORGE HUNTER. 
 
 SGT. GEORGE BOOTH. 
 
 Top had just before the opening of the battle from its signal station summoned 
 the Fifth Corps, in which the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was serving, to 
 capture Little Round Top, then about being assaulted by Longstreet's Corps. 
 
 But reminiscences have no end once memory's door is opened, and hence 
 many well deserved tributes to the living and the dead must be omitted for want 
 of space. Where all did so well, who can discriminate? 
 
 Record Enrollment, Casualties, Etc., of Company D. 
 killed and died of wounds. 
 
 Sergeant Alexander Carson — Died June 28, 1864, of wounds received at Pe- 
 tersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Corporal James Faucett — Died May 15, 1864, of wounds received at Laurel 
 Hill, Va., May 8, 1864. 
 
 Corporal Allen Hagen — Died January 26, 1863, of wounds received at Fred- 
 ericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 
 Corporal William Sutton — Died April 2, 186.5, of wounds received at Five 
 Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 
 Private John Baxter — Died June 24, 1864, of wounds received at Cold Har- 
 bor, Va., June 4. 1864. 
 
 Private Andrew H. Morris — Died January 20, 1863, of wounds received at 
 Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 
 Private James Murphy — Died May 24, 1864, of wounds received at Spottsyl- 
 vania, Va., May 12, 1864. 
 
430 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 MISSING IN ACTION. 
 
 Private Henry Holt, Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. 
 
 DIED OF DISEASE. 
 
 Private John Beatty, near Weldon Railroad, Va., September 36, 1864. 
 Private James Dawson, Point Lookout, Md., January 6, 1863. 
 Private Hiram F. Gilkey, near Falmouth, Va., February 13, 1863. 
 Private John Price, at Harpers Ferry, Va., November 1, 1862. 
 Private Thomas Reese, near Falmouth, Va., December 1, 1862. 
 Private John A. Stewart, near Falmouth, Va., December 26, 1863. 
 
 WOUNDED IN ACTION. 
 
 Sergeant James K. Carson, North Anna River, Va., May 25, 1864. 
 Corporal Andrew J. Devine, North Anna River, Va., May 25, 1864. 
 Corporal John A. Himes, Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6, 1865. 
 Corporal Isaiah Kroesen. Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6, 1865. 
 Private William Dumphy, Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 Private John O. Dougherty, Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 Private John P. Ford, Quaker Road, Va., March 30, 1865. 
 Private Edward Hilsdon, Spottsylvania, Va., May 10, 1864. 
 Private Joseph J. Hillman, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 Private Martin V. Kephart, Hatcher's Run, Va., March 25, 1865. 
 Private Phillip Linderman, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 Private James Martin, Gravelly Run, Va., March 31, 1865. 
 Private James McFadden, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 Private Hanford R. Sharp, Spottsylvania, Va., May 10, 1864. 
 Private John B. Wilson, Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6, 1865. 
 Private William Whipkey, Bethesda Church, Va., June 4, 1864. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Total enrollment 139 
 
 Killed and died of wounds 8 
 
 Died of disease 6 
 
 Discharged on account of wounds and disabilities 38 
 
 Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps 10 
 
 Transferred to other organizations 23 
 
 Transferred to LTnited States Navy 2 
 
 Deserted 7 
 
 Dropped from rolls 2 
 
 Discharged on expiration of term 3 
 
 Mustered out with Regiment 39 
 
 Never joined Company (one killed) 2 
 
 Wounded in action 16 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 431 
 
 SGT. GEORGE HUNTER AND CORP. DICK MURPHY. 
 
 HUGH LEONARD. PATRICK McFADDEN. JAMES McFADDEN. 
 
433 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 OFFICERS AND MEN OF COMPANY E. 
 By Private Noah H. Pangburn. 
 
 T WAS at first supposed by many of the confiding and patriotic 
 youths of this Company, who volunteered in August, 1862, that 
 of course they would be treated as had the gallant Army of the 
 Potomac, by spending the first year of their service at camps of 
 instruction, where their principal duties would be engaging in Com- 
 pany drills, presidential reviews, camp duties, and that they would also be taught 
 how to load and to fire off guns, and instructed in the general routine of a soldier's 
 ■duties. These dreams were rudely and promptly dispelled in the case of the boys 
 
 who were mustered into the Company, which was 
 destined to soon earn distinction as Company E, 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers. On the 3rd of September. 18(32, the 
 ninety-eight youths then comprising this Company, 
 were required in great haste to pack up and leave 
 Camp Howe, Pittsburg, and to march to the front, 
 which was then located at the gates of Washington. 
 The officers in command and the enlisted men 
 were wholly inexperienced and unfamiliar with the 
 duties of a soldier. So great was the demand for 
 troops and the haste in getting the new organization 
 to the " front " that, with the other companies of the 
 newly-formed One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regi- 
 ment, they were placed aboard freight cars for Wash- 
 ington before receiving guns or other weapons or any ammunition with which 
 to save the imperilled Capital. 
 
 No camps of instruction, no drilling, no presidential or other reviews were 
 accorded the newly-recruited regiment in its brief stay of a few hours at Wash- 
 ington. It is questionable whether at that date any of the Company knew the 
 meaning of a " countersign," or understood the significance of the terms " long- 
 roll," " picketing," or other military phrases. The full roll of Company E during 
 its three years' service comprised one hundred and fifty names. In the brief space 
 allotted this sketch, it would be impossible to mention all the names and to de- 
 scribe all deeds of deserving officers and men who so faithfully and gallantly 
 served in the Company. Our beloved companions who died on the battlefield 
 ■constitute a Roll of Honor, redounding to the everlasting glory of the Com- 
 pany, and calls for special mention. All those comrades v^'ho received wounds 
 and also those who died or suffered in hospitals or Southern prisons, martyrs 
 to their country, cannot be accorded too great glory. The Revised Roster in 
 Appendix, however, ofiiciallv furnishes the record. Brevity, however, will be 
 
 N. H. PANGBURN. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 -433 
 
 necessary, even in according due meed of praise to all deserving patriots who 
 were on the Company roll. 
 
 Frank Van Gorder was commissioned first Captain, but a few days after, on 
 organization of the Regiment, was made Regimental Quartermaster, serving but 
 a few months, when he resigned to re-embark in business in Pittsburg. He was 
 succeeded in the Captaincy by Joseph B. Sackett, who served faithfully in that 
 position at Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and at Gettysburg, as the 
 commander of the Company. Captain Sackett lost his life January 24, 1864, by 
 drowning in attempting to cross on horseback Kettle Run, Virginia, on the line of 
 the Orange & Alexandria Railroad. First-Lieutenant George ^L Laughlin next 
 succeeded to the Captaincy of the Com- 
 pany. He had the distinction at that date 
 of being the youngest officer in the Regi- 
 ment, at the time of his enlistment as a 
 private being but nineteen years of age. 
 He sacrificed a business career of great 
 promise to enlist in this Company, and to 
 share for three years in the perils and 
 hardships of active campaigning. He 
 commanded the Company from January 
 24, 1864, and returned its commander 
 at the close of the war, having been 
 brevetted Major for gallant and meri- 
 torious services in the field. 
 
 Robert A. Thompson, who had 
 served very efficiently as Orderly-Ser- 
 geant of the Company for eighteen 
 months, a bright young Irishman, was 
 promoted to First-Lieutenant. James 
 Van Kirk was commissioned as Second- 
 Lieutenant, having been promoted from 
 Commissary-Sergeant. Both these offi- 
 cers held the ranks mentioned and 
 discharged their duties bravely until the date of the final muster out of the 
 Regiment in Pittsburg. 
 
 The majority of the recruits were country youths, in fact, many of them 
 were mere school boys. They were recruited in districts of Allegheny, West- 
 moreland, Armstrong and Fayette counties. From Brownsville, Fayette county, 
 and the river towns and landings along the Monongahela to Pittsburg, seventeen 
 stalwart boys were recruited by Editor R. B. Brown, of Browrftville, the publisher 
 of the only Democratic newspaper of that county. Six weeks active campaign 
 caused the health of Lieutenant Brown to break down, and compelled his 
 resignation. 
 
 Professor George P. Fulton gave up the Principalship of the Brownsville 
 Academy to enlist, and reported as a recruit at Camp Howe, Pittsburg. Al- 
 
 LIEUT. GEO. M. LAUGHLIN. 
 
434 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 LIEUT. ROBT. THOMPSON. 
 
 though as Commissary-Sergeant he was exempted 
 from participating in battles, Sergeant FuUon never 
 failed to be up to the firing line, where his zeal in 
 distributing rations to the hungry men under fire 
 made him deservedly popular. Several of his former 
 pupils enlisted with him and reported at Camp Howe. 
 These recruits on leaving home were armed like 
 troubadors with banjos and violins. Sergeant Fulton 
 became army correspondent of the Regiment for the 
 Pittsburg Chronicle, and his weekly letters home were 
 read with great interest. 
 
 John M. Lancaster, who rose to the rank of 
 Orderly-Sergeant, represented another of what was 
 called the " Brownsville Squad." He still survives, a 
 constant sufferer, however, from wounds received in action. 
 
 Eighteen stalwart boys, all from well-known families in Elizabeth township, 
 Allegheny county, next joined the Company under J. Torrence Power, who be- 
 came the first Orderly-Sergeant. Sergeant Power had been Principal of the 
 Elizabeth District school, and had a number of his pupils among his recruits. 
 He had been admitted to the Pittsburg Bar a few days before his enlistment. 
 On the resignation of Lieutenant Brown, Sergeant Power was promoted to 
 Lieutenant. He participated with honor in the great battles of Antietam, Fred- 
 ericksburg, Chancellorsville, and at Gettysburg. After the latter battle. Lieu- 
 tenant Power was ordered for special duty in the War Department at Washing- 
 ton, and later became Chief Clerk of the United States Treasury under Hon- 
 orable John Sherman. 
 
 Private D. K. Stevenson exchanged the pulpit of the Methodist Church in 
 Blairsville for the musket, and often in camp served as " supply " in the absence 
 of the Chaplain. 
 
 Ten stalwart youths joined the Company from towns along the banks of the 
 Kiskiminetas and Allegheny rivers. Plaving no leader, they asked for no offices 
 in the Company. They were jovial, clean, pure, patriotic boys ; profanity, vul- 
 garity, intemperance, and other vices being shunned 
 by them. They soon became known as the " Kiski- 
 minetas Squad." Out of the ten, sad to state, in less 
 than one year after enlistment, but one of their num- 
 ber, Private John K. Alter, survived. 
 
 Company E had for its drill-master Orderly- 
 Sergeant Robert Thompson, who was a natural-laorn 
 soldier. His incessant drilling the first year of 
 service was carried to excess, especially his compul- 
 sory drilling on Sabbath mornings. The " tactics " 
 taught the Company the first year of service were 
 known as the " Hardie Infantry Tactics." After the 
 men had thoroughly mastered the intricacies of the 
 Hardie drill, the War Department issued an order george p. fulton. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 435 
 
 abolishing the Hardie code entirely. Company E, with the other companies, was 
 thereupon compelled to unlearn all of the Hardie and to master instead the new 
 Zouave drill, bayonet exercise and skirmishing. 
 
 P 
 
 A thoroughly independent and original squad in the Company consisted of 
 six North-of-Ireland recruits, all citizens of Pittsburg. Two more were from 
 other parts of Ireland. They made eight lively, cheerful, witty, aggressive com- 
 rades and brave soldiers. They were named Robert A. Thompson, Hugh Park, 
 Hugh iNIcGimpsey, William John White, William Matthews ( the oldest man in 
 the Company), William Marshall, Barney Farrell, and William Welton. They 
 were all of more mature years than the American youths and they had also seen 
 
 SGT. JOHN M. LANCASTER. 
 
 LIEUT. J. T. POWER. 
 
 much more of the world. Around the camp fires and in winter quarters it was 
 interesting and amusing to hear these Irish members narrate the wonders of 
 " old Ireland," its great men, its fighters and warriors, its mountains and its 
 lakes, its farms and wonderful crops, and, above all, its fairies and ghosts, all 
 being described for the benefit of the listening audience of country lads who had 
 never traveled. \\'hen the story tellers piled it on too strong for their hearers, 
 and boasted of the superior prize-fighting qualities of the sons of Ireland over all 
 other nationalities, a sensitive chord was touched and the greatest indignation 
 was aroused among the country lads. The startling assertions would be promptly 
 resented, and young John Crookham and other couriers would be dispatched to 
 hunt up other well-known comrades to defend the honor of the Americans thus 
 
43(5 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 impugned. There was Sergeant '" Jim "' A'an Kirk, 
 who, as a " Forty-niner." had tramped his way 
 across the plains and the Isthmus of Panama and 
 back again, and who had often described the won- 
 drous sights to the Company. He was frequently 
 chosen to offset the wonderful stories of the Irish 
 contingent, and seldom failed to acquit himself 
 creditably. 
 
 If \'an Kirk could not be found for this 
 service. Private " Jack " ]\IcHenry, a character of 
 the Company, was called to take his place. In 
 early days in Pittsburg in the " Fifties," " Jack " 
 had been a " volunteer " fireman. The extinguish- 
 ment of fire in those days was always postponed 
 by the firemen for a '' free-for-all-fight " between 
 rival volunteer companies. " Jack " had often de- 
 scribed to his comrades his participation in these 
 affairs. ^IcHenry also had another never-failing 
 experience to draw upon, through having served 
 as a coal-boat man on various trips on the raging 
 CORP. WILLIAM JOHN WHITE, q,^;^ ^^^ Mississippi. With these debates ended. 
 
 Sergeant " Hughey " McGimpse)-, who had long served as a " supe " at the old 
 Drury Theater, Pittsburg, would enliven the exercises with a song. It usually 
 consisted of a dozen or more verses of the old Irish ballad of " Cooper and Don- 
 nelly," describing in verse a prize fight of a century previous in Ireland, in 
 which Donnelly, " a brave Irishman." easily defeats Cooper, " a proud 
 Briton," 
 
 Colin Latta was the solitarv Scotchman who strayed into the Company, He 
 proved a brave and faithful soldier at Antietam, Fredericksburg, and also at 
 Chancellorsville, He was sunstruck in the ranks on the forced march to Gettys- 
 burg and never recovered, Colin's broad Ayrshire accent and quaint reci- 
 tations from " Bobby Burns," and his singing " Highland ]\Iary," delighted 
 the countrv youths, who often formed his audi- 
 
 The first death in the Company was that of Pri- 
 vate .\braham F. Overholt, of Fayette county, a youth 
 of eighteen. On the 16th of October, 1862, he died in 
 the hospital of Humphreys' Division, in the Lutheran 
 Church at Sharpsburg, around which edifice parts of 
 the great battle of Antietam had raged but a short 
 time previous. Under Sergeant Thompson a detail 
 from ten companions marched from Camp McAuley 
 to bury young Overholt in the church yard, already 
 well filled with new-made graves of soldiers. There 
 the usual military salute was fired by the squad over 
 his grave. A headboard was placed over his last 
 
 WILLIAM MATHEWS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 437 
 
 resting place on which his name and Company was cut by his messmate, Private 
 Thomas Vanosdol. 
 
 Remarkable Coincidexces ix Casualties. 
 
 A remarkable coincidence occurs in the cases of the deaths in battle of 
 comrades of Company E. All who were killed fell side by side, and all met their 
 fate in pairs. Thus Color-Corporal George W. Bratton and Private Wilbur W. 
 Kuhn, both of the " Kiskiminetas Squad," fell side by side in the famous charge 
 on ]\Iarye's Heights, December 1-3, 1862. They had bee:i messmates in camp, 
 and playmates in boyhood, and were united in death. Sergeant Isaac Wycofif and 
 Private William Welton were killed by sharpshooters on Little Round Top, 
 
 WILBUR W. KUHN. 
 
 COL. CORP. GEORGE W. BRATTON. 
 
 Gettysburg, July 3, 1863, while in battle line and very close together. Lieutenant 
 Powers and the writer, in the final lull of the battle, buried Wycoff in the rear 
 of Little Round Top. Welton 's body was carried off the field by the stretcher- 
 bearers of the Corps. Unfortunately, his messmate, James P. O'Neill, removed 
 his prayerbook and letters from his person to be returned to his mother, and 
 was not allowed to leave the battle ranks to accompany the stretcher-bearers and 
 to mark his grave. William Welton was a native of the County Cork, Ireland, 
 who in childhood settled with his widowed mother in Pittsburg. His aged 
 mother so grieved over the death of her only son that she refused all entreaties 
 of friends to apply for a pension. At a recent reunion of the Company at Kenny- 
 wood Park, it was resolved to honor j'oung \A'elton's memory by erecting a head- 
 
438 
 
 UNDER THE IMALTESE CROSS. 
 
 NEWELL D. LOUTZENHEISER. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 439 
 
 DANIEL K. HORNER. 
 
440 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 stone in the soldiers' plot in Calvary Cemetery, Pittsburg. He now lies buried 
 among the " Unknown " in the National Cemetery, Gettysburg. 
 
 Privates William A. Liken and David Lear, two more messmates and mem- 
 bers of the " Kiskiminetas Squad," fell in the famous charge on June 18, 1864, 
 in front of Petersburg. Under cover of the night, when the bodies were recov- 
 ered, these two comrades were found by companions side by side in death, as 
 they had been in life. 
 
 Privates Newell D. Loutzenheiser and Daniel K. Horner were killed at 
 Spottsylvania, May S, 1864, and thus kept up the record in each battle for dual 
 deaths. They were the first of the " Youghiogheny Squad " to die in battle. 
 
 The death of Private Theophilus S. Callen. by a sharpshooter's bullet whilst 
 serving on the exposed vidette post at Bethesda Church, on the night of June 
 2, 1864, and the remarkable recovery of the body outside the lines under severe 
 fire of the enemy by Sergeant Lancaster, Privates McKenna, Hipsley and Doug- 
 las, having volunteered for that hazardous duty, is proper to mention in this 
 Company sketch. 
 
 Private William S. Hindman, who was killed at the battle of North Anna, 
 June 23, 1864, was in his eighteenth year. He was a farmer's son who enlisted 
 with his school teacher. Lieutenant Powers. He was quiet, patient, and brave. 
 His pure Christian life impressed all who knew him. That one so gentle and 
 so mild developed into so brave a soldier was not a surprise to those most 
 intimate with him, who knew that he guided all his actions by faith in 
 God, and that duty was ever his watchword. 
 
 Private Jackson Merriman, aged nineteen, 
 was the athlete of the Company ; tall, straight, 
 stalwart and sinewy, he had the dark, straight 
 hair and high cheek bones, and the complexion 
 and features strongly suggestive of Indian 
 blood. He was killed in the battle of the 
 Wilderness, May .5, 1864. He enlisted from 
 Sewickley township, Allegheny county, of 
 which place he was a native. 
 
 Color-Corporal Thomas J. Tomer, in the 
 repulse of the Confederate assault on Little 
 Round Top, Gettysburg, fell seriously 
 wounded by the side of Color-Corporal John 
 Mackin, of Company F, while rallying around 
 the colors. Private Tomer has been a life 
 sufferer from the wounds received on that 
 occasion. He has resided since the war in 
 Canton, Ohio. 
 
 The first man of Company E wounded in 
 
 the " baptism of fire " at Fredericksburg was 
 
 Private Oliver P. Gamble, a farmer's boy, a 
 
 member of the Elizabeth Squad, who for many 
 
 SGT. HUGH w. McGiMPSEY. -V^ars has resided in Kansas. 
 
UNDER THE AIALTESE CROSS. 
 
 441 
 
 WILLIAM S. HINDMAN. 
 
442 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 A popular comrade of Company E, brave unto rashness in battle, was 
 Private James P. O'Neill, of Pittsburg. He enlisted at the age of seventeen, 
 leaving St. Michael's Seminary, Pittsburg, where he stood at the head of the 
 class of students for the priesthood. He participated in all the battles of his 
 regiment from Antietam to Spottsylvania, in which latter he received serious 
 wounds, incapacitating him from further service in the field. He was cheerful, 
 witty, and the life of the Company. In civil life he became a journalist, and at- 
 tained distinction as an able and popular writer on various Pittsburg newspapers. 
 He died in National Military Home at Dayton, Ohio, in 1902, and was buried 
 with Regimental honors in St. Mary's Cemetery, Pittsburg. 
 
 Private Isaac N. Hipsley, of Allegheny City, in the charge of June 18, 1864, 
 received a painful wound. This wound entitled him to a furlough home, but 
 he declined and remained with the Company on active duty until the last shot 
 was fired at Appomattox. 
 
 Private William Evans, of the " Elizabeth .Squad," received a double wound 
 
 JACKSON MERRIMAN. 
 
 OLIVER P. GAMBLE. 
 
 JAMES P. O'NEILL. 
 
 on the skirmish line at Bethesda Church, June 2, 18G4, the bullet first striking his 
 wrist, and then glancing from the gun he was using to his cheek where his 
 second wound was inflicted, leaving him disabled and scarred for life. 
 
 Corporal Michael B. Lemon and Private Jacob S. Friend were together on 
 the skirmish line under Captain Laughlin at the opening of the battle of the 
 Wilderness, May 5, 1864. Both were severely wounded. Friend was taken 
 prisoner by the Confederates and removed to Andersonville, where he remained 
 in the hospital eleven months. Although but a mere boy at the time of his cap- 
 ture and wounding, Jacob S. Friend endured his prison life much better than 
 those of more robust build. Corporal Lemon was left for dead from his 
 wounds, in the enemy's lines, being paralyzed. The enemy captured his knap- 
 sack and brand new album containing his collection of family photographs and 
 those of his messmate, Private ]\IcKenna, intrusted to him in camp the night 
 before the battle. On recovery of the lost ground by the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Regiment, the stretcher-bearers rescued Corporal Lemon and car- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 443 
 
 ried him back to the Corps field hospital. In civil life Corporal Lemon was hon- 
 ored by being elected and re-elected member of the Pennsylvania Legislature 
 from the Pittsburg district, being at the date of his death a member of that body. 
 
 Sergeant Hugh McGimpsey, on the opening of the Wilderness battle, on 
 duty with the skirmish line, was clubbed by a Confederate in a hand-to-hand 
 contest, and was also left for dead on the field within the Confederate line, until 
 the enemy fell back, when he was rescued. Sergeant McGimpsey served with 
 the Company until the last campaign, but died in the United States hospital in 
 Philadelphia soon after the end of the war, from the efTects of the wounds re- 
 ceived at Wilderness. 
 
 The wounding of Private Hugh Bayne occurred in plain sight of the whole 
 Company. On June 2"?, 18G4, whilst serving in front of Petersburg, where the 
 Regiment was closely hugging the ground to avoid the deadly range of the 
 enemy's fire. Private Bayne was wounded. He was carrying a shovel instead of 
 a musket, being on the pioneer corps. Pie arose and announced to the Company 
 
 JAMES B. RICHARDS. 
 
 THOS. Y. VANOSDOL. 
 
 SGT. HUGH PARK. 
 
 that he saw the enemy. Undoubtedly the enemy caught sight of him at the same 
 time, as he was promptly struck in the cheek by a Confederate minie ball. 
 Private Bayne's military career ended at this date. 
 
 Private James B. Richards suffered for years after the war from severe 
 wounds received in the battle of June IS, 1864, before Petersburg. 
 
 Genial, faithful, and brave. Sergeant Hugh Park, in the last battle of the 
 war — at Five Forks, April 1, 186.5 — received a serious wound. Sergeant Park 
 never recovered from the efifects of this wound, surviving the end of the war but 
 a few years. 
 
 Private Thomas Y. \'anosdol was a giant in stature, and belonged to the 
 " Youghiogheny Squad." He received a mortal wound in the afternoon of June 
 18, 1864, in front of Petersburg, whilst the Regiment was maneuvering for ad- 
 vanced positions. The Confederate batteries had shifted their positions so as 
 to get perfect range of the Union line. Private Vanosdol was struck on the 
 leg by a solid shot as, with all of the Regiment, he was under orders, hugging 
 
444 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 JOHN HUNTER, 
 
 the ground closely. Survivors will recall the shelling 
 received by the Regiment whilst in that position, and 
 the noise of the rebound of the solid shot which mor- 
 tally wounded young Vanosdol. 
 
 Privates Joshua Bryant and Samuel Bryan were 
 two more members of the " Youghiogheny Squad " 
 who gave up their lives in battle. The first named at 
 the battle of Hatcher's Run, the latter after escaping 
 injury in all other great battles, fell at Five Forks. 
 Joshua Bryant's death was mourned by a wife and 
 six children residing in Fayette county, and by all his 
 comrades who appreciated his bravery and high sense 
 of duty. 
 
 Private John Hunter, who was captured at the 
 Wilderness, May 5, 1864, on the skirmish line, was sent to Andersonville prison. 
 His case was one of the saddest and most pathetic experiences in a soldier's career. 
 Young Plunter was last seen by his comrades on the skirmish line, Jacob S. Friend, 
 Michael Lemon and Hugh McGimpsey, surrounded by Confederates with whom he 
 was engaged in a hand-to-hand struggle. He was exchanged, after suffering the 
 horrors of eleven months' imprisonment, reaching " Camp Parole," Annapolis, with 
 thousands of other Union prisoners. He was so weak and afflicted that, on arriv- 
 ing at Annapolis, he could not be removed, and died aboard the exchange transport 
 as it lay anchored in the harbor. His death occurred on the memorable 9th of 
 April, 1865, at the very hour when his companions of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Regiment were on the skirmish line at Appomattox receiving the first 
 flag of truce which preceded the surrender of the Confederate army. Truly a 
 sad coincidence, of which the only consolation is that as John Hunter's eyes 
 were closing in death, so was ending the Southern Confederacy, which he had 
 died to suppress. He also belonged to the " Youghiogheny Squad," his father 
 being a farmer in that valley. 
 
 Company Changes. 
 
 Captain George M. Laughlin, early in July, 1864, whilst commanding the 
 Company, in front of Petersburg, was appointed on the staff' of Major-General 
 Charles Griffin, commanding the First Division of Fifth Corps. In army orders 
 he was later promoted to Brevet Major for gallant and meritorious services at 
 Five Forks and Appomattox. 
 
 Among the quota which Company E received by transfer from the Sixty- 
 second Regiment was First-Sergeant Zerah C. Monks. He was a brave soldier, 
 who, at the battle of Five Forks, April 1, 1865, in a hand-to-hand encounter was 
 severely wounded, but left his Confederate foe dead on the field. Privates 
 Samuel Sloan and Edward R. Melchi, who were also transferred from the 
 Sixty-second Regiment, were among the first to fall in the ranks of the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth at Five Forks. Private E. S. Marshall performed the 
 melancholy duty of burying the remains of his brother-in-law. Private Melchi, on 
 the field. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 445 
 
 ^ ■^"' ."m \u ^ 
 
 IN the: TRENCHtS^^ 
 
446 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
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 Q -ei 
 
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UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 447 
 
 With the departure of Captain Laughlin from the Company for staff duty, 
 a special order from General G. K. Warren, commanding the Fifth Army Corps, 
 was issued detailing Private Chas. F. McKenna to succeed Corporal William G. 
 Rhule, of the Sixty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, to be an assistant 
 at Corps headquarters to Colonel Fred T. Locke, the Assistant Adjutant-General 
 of the Fifth Army Corps. Private McKenna continued to hold this important 
 position during the remainder of the campaign, being present on duty with Ad- 
 jutant-General Locke and General Warren in the action at Five Forks, April 
 1, 1865. He continued on the same duty with General Griffin and Colonel 
 Locke, his Assistant Adjutant-General, at Appomattox and at the formal paroling 
 of the Confederate army. 
 
 During the protracted siege of Petersburg there was but little choice of 
 position by the soldier in either army. Exposed in the trenches, the men of both 
 armies used pick and shovel and gun alternately, the only intervals of rest af- 
 forded being when the bombardment of either army set in and the shelter of the 
 " bomb proof " was sought and a rest from labor enjoyed until the cessation of 
 severe firing. General Warren's first headquarters in the front of Petersburg 
 was the Avery Mansion, which was 
 exposed to the range of Confeder- 
 ate shells. The frequent bombard- 
 ments at night of this mansion — 
 after the General and his stafif and 
 attaches all had retired to beds on 
 the floor — made it difficult to de- 
 temiine which was the more agree- 
 able and interesting — resting in the 
 trenches or napping at Corps head- 
 quarters. Private McKenna's old 
 diary, read by the writer, describes 
 his experience in both positions as 
 a case " of escaping from the fry- 
 ing pan into the fire." 
 
 Private Robert P. Douglass, 
 whilst on temporary detail as guard 
 to hospital, was captured and taken 
 prisoner at Chancellorsville. After 
 a month's detention in the lines of 
 the Confederate army, he was pa- 
 roled, and soon after was ex- 
 changed and served in the ranks 
 until the end of the war. 
 
 Privates Harmon Pence, Ber- 
 nard Farrell, William John White, 
 and Samuel K. Eicher served for 
 considerable periods on detached 
 duty at Division and Corps head- ^^ g^ Marshall and e. r. melchi. 
 
448 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 quarters as provost guards and orderlies. All made 
 excellent records wherever stationed until they were 
 mustered out at the close of the war. 
 
 Privates Thomas E. Morgan and John K. Alter 
 were two of the youngest soldiers of the Company, 
 and served faithfully until the end of the war. 
 
 To tell of all the heroes and brave patriots of 
 the Company who received wounds in battle, or of 
 those who died of disease contracted in the service, 
 or again of those who passed away in the hospitals 
 and prisons, or of the small band who survived to 
 return to home and friends at the close of the war, 
 HARMON PENCE would afford material in itself for a volume in- 
 
 stead of a chapter. Those names herein presented 
 are merely selected to illustrate types of patriots in the ranks of Company E. 
 
 Note. — Private Noah H. Pangburn. the author of the foregoing contribution, who 
 was most active in securing the publication of the Regimental history, died at his 
 residence in October, 1908, at Beaver Falls, Pa., before the completion of the Regi- 
 mental history. His innate modesty prevented him from mentioning in the article the 
 record of his own patriotic services, having participated with honor in every battle of 
 the Regiment from Antietam to Appomatto.x. He had the distinction of serving on 
 the Regimental detail in accepting the arms and in paroling ceremonies at formal 
 surrender of the Confederate army, after Generals Grant and Lee had signed the terms 
 of peace. 
 
 Record Enrollment, C-'\sualties of Company E. 
 
 killed and died of wounds. 
 
 Sergeant Isaac Wycoff — Killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 
 Color-Corporal George W. Bratton — Killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem- 
 ber 13, 1862. 
 
 Corporal Samuel W. Bryan — Killed at' Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 
 Corporal Newell D. Loutzenheiser — Killed at Wilderness, May 5, 1864. 
 
 Private Jo.shua W. Bryant — Killed at Hatcher's Run, Va., October 27, 1864. 
 
 Private Theophilus S. Callen — Killed at Bethesda Church, June 2, 1864. 
 
 Private \\'illiam S. Hindman — Killed at North Anna River, Va., May 23, 
 1864. 
 
 Private Daniel K. Horner — Killed at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. 
 
 Private Wilberforce W. Kuhn — Killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December 
 13, 1862. 
 
 Private David Lear — Killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private William A. Liken — Killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Jackson Merriman — Killed at Wilderness, Va., May .5, 1864. 
 
 Private Edward R. Melchi — Killed at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 186.5. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 449 
 
 J. KING ALTER. 
 
 JOS. S. WALL. 
 
 THOMAS E. MORGAN. 
 
 EDWARD W. SACKETT. 
 
 J. H. LUTES. 
 
450 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Private Samuel E. Sloan — Killed at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 Private Thomas Y. Yanosdal — Killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 Private William Welton — Killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 Private Isaac Warner — Killed at Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 
 DIED OF DISEASE. 
 
 Captain Joseph B. Sackett — Died near Warrenton Junction, Va., January 34, 
 1864. 
 
 Corporal Lewis Schreiner — Died at Washington, D. C, January 5, 1863. 
 
 Private William A. Clements — Died near Falmouth, Va., December 22, 1862. 
 
 Private Absalom Cruson — Died at Wind Mill Point, Va., February 8, 1863. 
 
 Private John Hunter — Died at Annapolis, Md., April 9, 1865, from effects of 
 imprisonment in Andersonville Confederate prison. 
 
 Private John W. Horner— Died June 16, 1864. 
 
 Private William J. Hixenbaugh — Died at Philadelphia, Pa., September 2, 
 1864. 
 
 Private Thomas Merritts — Died at Washington, D. C, October 13, 1864. 
 
 Private Duncan McCutcheon — Died at Washington, D. C, August 28, 1864. 
 
 Private John A. McHenry — Died in New York, September 19, 1864. 
 
 Private Abraham F. Overholt — Died at Sharpsburg, Md., October 10, 1862. 
 
 Private James S. Rowan — Died at Falmouth, Va., April 17, 1863. 
 
 Private Alexander Ritchey — Died at Falmouth, Va., April 17, 1863. 
 
 Private Hugh McGimpsey — Died at Philadelphia, Pa., April 15, 1865. 
 
 WOUNDED IN ACTION. 
 
 Lieutenant Robert A. Thompson, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 First-Sergeant Zerah C. Monks, Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 Sergeant Hugh Park, Five Forks, Va., April 1. 1865. 
 Corporal Michael B. Lemon, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 Color-Corporal Thomas J. Tomer, Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 Sergeant Hugh W. McGimpsey, Wilderness, \"a., May 5, 1864. 
 Sergeant John M. Lancaster, October 29, 1864. 
 Private Hugh Bayne, Jerusalem Plank Road, \'a., June 22, 1864. 
 Private Michael O. Black, Hatcher's Run, Va., March 25, 1865. 
 Private William Evans, Cold Harbor, Va., June 2, 1864. 
 Private Oliver P. Gamble, Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. 
 Private Isaac N. Hipsley, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 Private James P. O'Neill, Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864. 
 Private James B. Richards, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 Private Edmund R. Thierkeld, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 Private Thomas N. Thomas, North Anna River, Va., May 24, 1864. 
 Private Jacob S. Friend, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 Private William A. Lowe, Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 451 
 
 NOAH H. PANGBURN. 
 
452 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 WOUNDED WHILE SERVING WITH SIXTY-SECOND PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Private John L. Anderson, Spottsylvania, Va., May 14, 186-i. 
 Private Daniel Chambers, Spottsylvania, Va., May 14, 1864. 
 Private John M. Hilliard, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 Private Frederick Smith, Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Total enrollment 149 
 
 Killed and died of wounds 17 
 
 Died of disease, etc 11 
 
 Discharged on account of wounds and disabilities 44 
 
 Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps 7 
 
 Transferred to other organizations 18 
 
 Deserted 
 
 Not on Muster-out Rolls, and never joined company 5 
 
 Discharged by Special and General Orders 3 
 
 Dishonorably discharged 1 
 
 Discharged at expiration of term 1 
 
 Officers resigned 2 
 
 Mustered out with Regiment 38, 
 
 Wounded in action 31 
 
 < *.J8Sk' 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 453 
 
 ROLL CALL OF COMPANY F. 
 By Corporal Samuel W. Hill. 
 
 IHE general history and itinerary of the three years' campaigns of 
 the Regiment, from Antietam to Appomattox, as well as the revised 
 Roster in the Appendix, showing individual records, must be re- 
 lied upon for fuller particulars of Company F than can be given 
 in this contribution. 
 As originally mustered into the United States service, the organization was 
 composed of one hundred boys and men, many being just out of school. This 
 number, by subsequent enlistments, drafts, and finally by transfers from the 
 Sixty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 when the term of service of that famous organiza- 
 tion expired, was increased to one hundred and 
 fifty enlisted men. 
 
 To narrate the deeds, sketch the achievements, 
 and write descriptions of all the faithful comrades 
 of Company F, would require a volume. Where 
 or how to discriminate where so many gave up 
 their lives or were wounded or maimed for life 
 would be a delicate and difficult task to perform. 
 The writer will, therefore, not attempt it. In men- 
 tioning names of comrades, it will be simply sug- 
 gestive of prevailing types of patriots. 
 
 The career of James Collord, the first Cap- 
 tain of the Company, aft'ords a fine illustration 
 
 of the truth of the above. The public-spirited citizens of Pittsburg, who, 
 August, 1862, promoted the Company, and who advertised for recruits, 
 give standing to the Company as well as to reward a worthy soldier, then ar- 
 ranged that Sergeant James Collord, of Company A, of the Ninth Pennsyl- 
 vania Reserve Corps, then in active service, should be made the first Captain, 
 Sergeant Collard refused to accept a furlough to leave his Company in the field 
 in presence of the enemy to accept the Captaincy of Company F until after the 
 impending second battle of Bull Run. In that action he was seriously wounded, 
 and although chosen Captain of Company F, he was never able to serve. For 
 his patriotic action in declining the furlough, and also for his bravery in that 
 battle. Governor Curtin commissioned Sergeant Collord Lieutenant-Colonel of 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment. LTn fortunately, his disability con- 
 tinuing, although duly mustered into the service with that rank, he was never 
 able to join the Regiment, and in January, 1863, resigned the office. 
 
 SAMUEL W. hill. 
 
 in 
 to 
 
454 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Captain John Markle, of West Newton, who had recruited twenty sturdy 
 farmer boys from Westmoreland county, was commissioned first Captain of the 
 Company. He proved himself a brave and efficient officer, his efiforts contrib- 
 uting much to the excellent discipline and drill which Company F soon acquired. 
 Edward E. Clapp was commissioned First-Lieutenant, and Henry A. Breed, 
 Second-Lieutenant. Both these officers were well-known business men of Pitts- 
 burg, having abandoned their business to take up arms for the Union cause. 
 Their patriotic example and moral deportment were most beneficial in the 
 formative days of the Company, and in the battles and campaigns following they 
 proved ideal soldiers. 
 
 Dr. William H. King, a practicing dentist of Monongahela City, who was 
 the senior of most members of the Company, became the first Orderly-Sergeant, 
 and materially assisted in moulding the raw material under his command into 
 well-drilled and disciplined soldiers. 
 
 Accompanying Sergeant King to join the Company were William P. 
 Ketcham, a young farmer who became a messmate of Sergeant King, Thomas 
 
 L. Fife, David Allen, Allen Wall, Joseph 
 Taylor, and Wm. H. Dewalt, of Com- 
 pany A, all from the Monongahela val- 
 ley, and all proved brave and faithful 
 soldiers. 
 
 The Company seemed to have spe- 
 cially attracted a delegation of City boys 
 still in their teens, being principally from 
 Bayardstown, then part of the Fifth and 
 Ninth wards. This squad of boys was 
 composed of George P. McClelland, 
 George Bradley, William B. Glass, John 
 H. Ralston, John Mackin, William J. 
 Adams, Thos. H. Dickson, Charles Bar- 
 deen, Robert A. Hill, William J. Hill, 
 S. W. Hill, Ellis C. Thorn, Frank F. 
 Martyn, Marion Martyn, Theodore Bald- 
 win. William Clotworthy, and Harry M. 
 Curry, who was the youngest of all, being 
 l)ut fifteen years old. This squad became 
 the life and spirit of the Company in 
 camp and bivouac. From its ranks were 
 furnished several excellent singers for 
 the Regimental glee club, which was 
 wont to relieve the monotony of a sol- 
 dier's life in winter quarters. "Aleck" 
 Stevenson, Hawdon Marshall, who be- 
 came Drum-Major, Sergeant William 
 Winkle, " Billy " Devine, John K. Dal- 
 CAPT. JOHN MARKLE. ^ell, and Jamcs A. McDowell were not 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 ■155 
 
 much behind the " Liiny " squad in fun-loving 
 mischief or in fighting quahties. Early in the 
 career of the Company, John H. Ralston was 
 appointed Quartermaster-Sergeant, and Wil- 
 liam B. Glass was promoted to Commissary- 
 Sergeant. Ellis C. Thorn secured the appoint- 
 ment as Hospital Steward. The Company was 
 fortunate in securing these important details. 
 It made Company F solid for clothing, having 
 Ralston as Quartermaster-Sergeant, and in 
 the matter of rations, with William B. Glass 
 as Commissary-Sergeant, it was equally for- 
 tunate. The detail of Ellis C. Thorn over the 
 quinine and " commissary " and medical stores 
 also provided for Company F's wants in that 
 direction. 
 
 James A. McDowell and John McConnell 
 are recalled as among the recruits from Eliza- 
 beth who earned deserved promotion to Ser- 
 geants for faithful duty in every battle. The former, while serving as Orderly- 
 Sergeant, was captured in action at Five Forks, but after some hours in captivity, 
 escaped in time to share the final honors of the victory at .Appomattox. These 
 men all made good. The hilarity of the " Luny crowd," as the Bayardstown squad 
 dubbed themselves, was infectious. Who can forget the cheerful singing of 
 "Fare you well, my Mary Ann," rendered by "Billy" Adams? Poor fellow! 
 He never flagged in any march or battle until he gave up his good right arm in 
 the charge of June 18th, in front of Petersburg. 
 
 The men of Company F were patriots and heroes, and well might they be 
 proud of each other. 
 
 LIEUT. WM. H. KING. 
 
 Incidents Recalled. 
 
 Of the original enrollment, indeed all became sick in the first few months 
 from exposure, hard marching, and the repulsive food and infamous cooking. 
 The great majority, however, recovered and went through the thirty-two battles 
 and skirmishes that fell to the lot of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment. 
 Every man in Company F got his bullet scar, strange to remark, e.xcept Corporal 
 James J. Carroll, who never missed a march or battle, though he frequently 
 had his clothing cut by Confederate bullets. At Bethesda Church, Corporal Car- 
 roll and " Aleck " Stevenson had the good fortune, while on the advance skirmish 
 line in a peach orchard, to come across some gold and silver buried in the orchard. 
 The military superiors were too busy with the strategy of active war to make 
 inquiries about this find. A detachment of recruits joined the Company in 
 winter quarters, just before the Wilderness campaign. The celerity with which 
 its members acquired their "military education " was remarkable. They soon 
 became the equals on battlefields with the veterans of the Company. Inspection 
 
456 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 DAVID GARRIS. 
 
 CORP. GEORGE BRADLEY. 
 
 THOMAS H. DICKSON. 
 
 of the Roster shows that these new comrades shed their blood for their country 
 freely, and faltered not in times of danger. 
 
 Captain John Markle led the Company on the Antietam campaign and in 
 the battle of Fredericksburg, exhibiting remarkable coolness and bravery in the 
 great charge on Marye's Fleights. Lieutenant Clapp was seriously wounded in the 
 same action at the head of the Company. Captain Markle, delicate in physique, 
 soon succumbed to the privations and exposures. His complaints becoming worse, 
 he resigned and returned home in the spring of 1SG3, continuing a constant suf- 
 ferer until his death. 
 
 Lieutenant Edward E. Clapp recovered from his wound and became Cap- 
 tain. He was a model ofificer, a Christian gentleiuan. who cared for the men of 
 his Company. He was killed leading his men in battle at Laurel Hill, near 
 Spottsylvania Court House. \'irginia. May 8, 1864. His body was buried on 
 the battlefield side liy side with that of Captain Charles C. Johnston, of Company 
 A, who also gave up his life in the same battle. 
 
 Lieutenant Henry A. Breed served faithfully and bravely in the campaigns 
 and battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettvsburg. His 
 
 JOHN K. DALZELL. 
 
 CORP. JAMES J. CARROLL. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 457 
 
 health was dehcate, but in the exposure and forced marches of the campaigns 
 mentioned, he manfully endured the same until he was discharged for disability. 
 
 Sergeant George P. McClelland succeeded Lieutenant Breed as Second- 
 Lieutenant. He was promoted to First-Lieutenant, and later to Captain, on the 
 death of Captain Clapp. Captain McClelland was wounded in the heel at the 
 battle of North Anna River. Of not over-robust physique, by grim determination 
 Captain McClelland met every demand for military duty in camp or battle 
 without flinching. He soon recovered from his first wound, and returned to 
 duty in time to lead his Company in the great charge of June 18th, on the Con- 
 federate fortifications, and in the battles around Petersburg. At Five Forks, 
 April 1, 1865, Captain McClelland was shot down, receiving what was deemed 
 a mortal wound, and for half an hour was a prisoner in the lines of the Con- 
 federates. He was rescued by the triumphant counter-charge of the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, as, led by Major Cline, they rallied and recaptured 
 the enemy's position. Captain McClelland was carried from the field to the 
 hospital established in the White Oak Church. A detail of eight men of his 
 Company promptly volunteered to carry him to the terminal of the Petersburg 
 military railroad at Humphreys' Station, eleven miles distant. They were denied 
 that privilege, however, the surgeon in charge saying, " What is the use, the 
 Captain's wound is fatal!" Then information came that, owing to the advance 
 of the Second and the Sixth Corps, the railroad had been abandoned, and that 
 the woods were full of Confederate stragglers. The Captain was made as com- 
 fortable as possible on a featherbed in 
 the church, and under orders to move, 
 his comrades tenderly said farewell 
 to him, he being so very weak and 
 exhausted as to be scarcely able to re- 
 spond. His men proceeded to rejoin 
 the Company at Sutherland Station. 
 Later in the afternoon his Company 
 was astonished to find the Fifth Corps 
 ambulance train rejoin the column. 
 Captain McClelland was in one of the 
 ambulances and his Company again 
 bade him a hasty good-bye. The 
 Regiment, under orders, then started 
 with Sheridan's Cavalry on a forced 
 march to intercept Lee's retreating 
 army. 
 
 Two weeks afterward, on the 
 return march from Appomattox Court 
 House, the Company found that Cap- 
 tain McClelland had been removed to 
 the Corps hospital in Petersburg, 
 where, although suffering and very 
 weak, he was being tenderly nursed color-corp. henry m. curry. 
 
458 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 CAPT. GEO. P. McClelland. 
 
 b\- his sister, who had come from Pitts- 
 burg for that purpose. It was not until 
 the following August that the Captain 
 had improved sufficiently to be able to 
 be removed to Pittsburg. He suffered a 
 relapse, and an operation was performed 
 to remove the decayed splinters of bone 
 from his shoulder, compelling him for 
 two years following to be confined to his 
 room. After the war he gradually im- 
 proved, and moved to Davenport, Iowa, 
 where he became prominent in business. 
 He was never free from pain, however, 
 and suffered numerous relapses, in one 
 of which he died in 1903. 
 
 Sergeant William S. Anawalt, after 
 gallant service in the battle of Freder- 
 icksburg, was suddenly stricken with ty- 
 phoid malarial fever and died in a few 
 days. He was a real Christian, and much 
 devoted to his (Methodist) church. 
 
 Corporal George Bradley, while 
 leading the charge at Marye's Heights, 
 December 13, 1862, received a severe wound, disabling him from further military 
 duty. He was carried oiif the battlefield, under a heavy fire of the enemy, by 
 Sergeant Samuel Walker, who, at Chancellorsville, was destined to receive most 
 serious wounds. Walker suffered the amputation of a leg, and was finally trans- 
 ferred to the United States Veteran Reserve Corps as a commissioned otificer. He 
 served out his term, and died a few years ago in Butler, Pa. 
 
 Sergeant Frank M. Martyn was an unusually efficient and brave soldier. He 
 was killed in battle May 8, 1864, at Laurel Hill. How his comrades pitied and 
 loved his stricken brother, Marion Martyn, in the Company, who completed his 
 term of service without his brother's comradeship ! 
 He, too, was a brave soldier, and was mustered out 
 with the Company, June 6, 1865. 
 
 Private Robert A. Hill, who was accidentally 
 shot by a comrade on the march to Antietam, and as 
 a result had his leg amputated, was the first man of 
 Company F to be wounded. His brother, William J. 
 Hill, overcome by the exposure and hardships, 
 drooped and died of fever at camp near Falmouth, 
 Va., soon after the battle of Fredericksburg, in which 
 he had participated with credit. 
 
 Lieutenant William H. King, M. D., familiarly 
 called " Doc," after years of faithful service as Ser- 
 geant, was promoted, and came home in command of Bradford allen 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 459 
 
 the Company as First-Lieuteiiaiit. At Five Forks he took command of the Com- 
 pany when Captain McClelland fell early in the action and handled it well 
 throughout the remainder of that severe action. Although older in years than 
 most of the men of the Company, he never flagged in the performance of. any 
 •duty and was present in every battle. He was a brave, honorable gentleman and 
 soldier, and probably one of the best educated men in the Regiment. 
 
 Private William P. Ketcham served continuously in the ranks, taking part 
 in every battle, until in July, 1864. He had, at the battle of Laurel Hill, May 
 8th, the distinction of being the last to speak to the lamented Captain Clapp a 
 few minutes before his death — in taking his canteen to fill with water. Later he 
 was detailed from fatigue duty in the trenches in the siege of Petersburg to 
 serve with Captain George M. Laughlin, Commissary of Musters of the Fifth 
 Corps. 
 
 Bradford Allen and Allen Wall both served on detached duty with Sergeant 
 George Booth, of Company D, in the LTnited States Signal Corps. Among the 
 
 JOHN JAMISON 
 
 KETCHAM. 
 
 DAVID ALLEN. 
 
 Other many faithful soldiers of Company F were William Adams, Adam Darr, 
 William M. Birch, C. Cunningham, Billy Devine, John Jamison, and David 
 Garris. All these could be relied upon as being as prompt in every battle as in 
 responding to calls for rations. 
 
 David Allen, now an honored citizen of Nebraska, and for years a Justice 
 of the Peace and active in the good work of the G. A. R., received his badge of 
 honor by wounds received at the re-capture of Fort Steadman, March 25, 1865. 
 
 The itinerary and Rosters must be referred to for the names and deeds of 
 the many patriots of Company F not specially named in this sketch. The sad 
 fate of Color-Corporal Charles Bardeen, mortally wounded while defending the 
 colors, and who died in the hospital and was later buried in an unknown grave, 
 is especially pathetic. 
 
 Color-Corporal John Mackin, wounded defending the flag at Gettysburg, and 
 later fatally wounded in the Wilderness, was a sad experience. The story of Ser- 
 g'eant Asbury Secrist's death at Five Forks in a death conflict with a Confederate 
 
460 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 foe, both being found feet to feet and with empty guns, are perpetuated in the 
 itinerary, and on the Roll of Honor of Company F. 
 
 In the matter of foraging, when necessary, Company F was always able 
 to compete with any other company in the service. They knew just what to do, 
 and just how to do it. 
 
 Record Enrollment, Casualties, Etc., of Company F. 
 
 KILLED and died OF WOUNDS. 
 
 Captain Edward E. Clapp — Killed at Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864. 
 
 Sergeant Frank Martyn — Killed at Laurel Hill, \'a., May 8, 1SG4. 
 
 Sergeant Asbury W. Secrist — Killed at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 
 Color-Corporal Charles Bardeen — Killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December 
 13, 1862. 
 
 Color-Corporal John H. Mackin — Died of wounds received in Wilderness, 
 Va., May 5, 18(54. 
 
 Corporal William McCabe — Killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Corporal George R. IMarkle — Died of wounds received at Five Forks, Va., 
 April 1. 1865. 
 
 Private Theodore Baldwin — Killed at North Anna River, May 23, 1864. 
 
 Private William Holsinger — Killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Jacob Kennedy — Died of wounds received at Hatcher's Run, Va., 
 March 25, 1865. 
 
 Private Samuel Mayes — Died of wounds received at White Oak Road, Va., 
 March 30, 1865. 
 
 Private George Wilie— Killed at Hatcher's Run, Va., March 25, 1865. 
 
 MISSING IN ACTION. 
 
 Private Hiram Milliron, at Spottsylvania. \'a.. May 12, 1864. 
 
 DIED OF DISEASE. 
 
 Sergeant William Anawalt — Died January 3, 1863. 
 
 Private David Burkhart — Died at City Point, Va., January 6, 1865. 
 
 Private John Cope — Died January 4, 1863. 
 
 Private Samuel Carnihan — ^Died September 4, 1864. 
 
 Private Brice Easton — Died near Sharpsburg, Md., October 3, 1862. 
 
 Private William Fullerton— Died January 12, 1863. 
 
 Private Sansom Hough — Died November 3, 1862. 
 
 Private William J. Hill— Died November 3, 1863. 
 
 Private Hugh McCord — Died December 24, 1862. 
 
 Private James L. Snodgrass — Died November 16, 1862. 
 
 Private Henrv West — Died at Alexander, \'a.. December 9, 1862. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 461 
 
 WOUNDED IN ACTION. 
 
 Captain George P. McClelland. Five Forks, Va., April 1, I860. 
 Sergeant Henry M. Curry, Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 Sergeant Samuel Walker, Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. 
 Corporal Samuel W. Hill, Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864. 
 Corporal George Bradley, Fredericksburg, \^a., December 13, 1863. 
 Corporal Thomas R. Fife, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 Private William Adams, Petersburg, Va... June 18, 1864. 
 Private David Allen, Hatcher's Run, Va., May 25, 1865. 
 Private Emile Boileau, Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6, 1865. 
 Private William Clotworthy, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1863. 
 Private Adam Darr, Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. 
 Private Joseph Hoover, Spottsylvania, \a.. May 13, 1864. 
 Private Peter Hanson, Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864. 
 Private Gershom B. Homer, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1863. 
 Private Jacob Landsburger, Wilderness, \^a.. May 5, 1864. 
 Private Henry Lepler, Spottsylvania, Va., May 13, 1864. 
 Private John M. Miller, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 Private James Moore, Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864. 
 *Private William J. McKeever, Fredericksburg, ^'a., December 13, 1863. 
 Private George Reddick, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 Private Henry Roenig, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 Private John Sample, Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6, 1865. 
 Private James Shaner, Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 Private Joseph R. Simmers, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 Private Sebastian Smith, Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. 
 Private Joseph Taylor, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Total enrollment 159 
 
 Killed and died of wounds 13 
 
 Died of disease 11 
 
 Discharged on account of wounds and disabilities 49 
 
 Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps 14 
 
 Transferred to other organizations 37 
 
 Deserted 6 
 
 Dishonorably discharged 1 
 
 Not on Muster-out Rolls 3 
 
 Discharged by General Orders and habeas corpus 3 
 
 Mustered out with Regiment 33 
 
 Wounded in action 36 
 
 * Re-enlisted Company B, Seventh U. S. Infantry, wounded and promoted to 
 Sergeant. 
 
46.2 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 SKETCH OF COMPANY G. 
 
 By Lieutenant John A. Keibbs. 
 
 |N THOSE eventful days, forty-seven years ago, when the people o£ 
 the South had taken up arms to destroy the United States Govern- 
 ment, and the people of the North took up arms to maintain and 
 save it. Company G. of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regi- 
 ment Pennsylvania \'olunteers, loyally went forth for the protection 
 and defense of home and country. 
 
 Company G was recruited in Clarion county, Pennsylvania, west of the 
 Clarion River, in the neighborhood of St. Petersburg, Salem, Monroeville, Eden- 
 burg (now Knox), Shippenville, Fryburg, Tylersburg — all small country villages 
 — by Dr. Charles Klotz, ^Nliles P. Sigworth, Edwin Meeker, John A. Kribbs 
 and William F. Collner, assisted by several others. 
 
 In the latter part of August, 1862, on the day before leaving for the seat of 
 war, the members of the company assembled in the grove at the home of Dr. 
 Charles Klotz, near Salem, where a sumptuous dinner was served by the good 
 people of the community. A social good time was enjoyed, cordial greetings 
 
 exchanged and hearty good wishes ex- 
 pressed. The parting that afternoon, 
 however, was with sad, suppressed, deep 
 and heartfelt feeling. Fervent prayers 
 from pious fathers and mothers, brothers 
 and sisters, devoted and loving wives and 
 friends, gray-headed grandfathers and 
 grandmothers, followed the departing 
 soldier boys, of whom so many were not 
 to return to their dear ones again. 
 
 On the next day the young re- 
 cruits went to Kittanning, Pa., some 
 thirty-five miles distant, on farm 
 wagons. Leaving Kittanning in box 
 cars, they duly reached Pittsburg and 
 were taken for the night to the old 
 City Hall and the following morning 
 to Camp Howe, then in the suburbs of 
 the city. Dr. Charles Klotz was made 
 Captain : ]\Iiles P. Sigworth, First- 
 Lieutenant ; Edwin Meeker, Second- 
 LiEUT. JOHN A. KRIBBS. Lieutenant. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 -1G3 
 
 SGT. WILLIAM F. COLLNER 
 
 Marching- all night, we 
 
 At Pittsburg, August 28, 1863, Company G was 
 mustered into the United States service for three 
 years or during the war. Here also we received our 
 uniforms. After several days' stay at Camp Howe, we 
 traveled by rail to Harrisburg, where we joined the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment. Our guns 
 were dangerous-looking weapons, but when we 
 reached Washington, D. C, better and more modern 
 arms were furnished us. Crossing the Potomac 
 River at Washington, we were marched out to the 
 Second Bull Run battlefield ; then moved back ; then 
 re-crossed the Potomac some distance above Wash- 
 ington into Maryland. We marched thmugh h>ed- 
 erick City and across South Mountain, where we saw 
 evidence of the severe fighting a few days previous 
 reached the Army of the Potomac at Antietam the morning after the great battle 
 which had been fought there. On the afternoon of the same day, September 12, 
 18()2, Company G, of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania 
 \'olunteers, were sent across the Potomac on a reconnoissance to drive the retreat- 
 ing Confederates out of She]iherdstown. The Confederates hotly contested this 
 movement, and sent some shells back, wounding a large number of men of the 
 One Hundred and Eighteenth. In the retreat, some of this Regiment were 
 drowned in the Potomac River. 
 
 The writer, who was with Company G, could never understand why Com- 
 pany G was detached from the Regiment, sent to wade the Potomac and to 
 overtake the Confederate army on its retreat toward Richmond, Va., unless some 
 responsible parties in the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment wanted to 
 have Company G and its " Dutch Captain " killed or captured. Possibly it was 
 not thought necessary for the rest of the Regiment to go if Company G went. 
 But the doughty Captain of Company G was neither killed nor captured. Ex- 
 ercising discretion in his valor, he remained on the north side of the Potomac, 
 guarding the knapsacks, and sent Lieutenant Meeker in command of Company 
 G to cross the Potomac at Shepherdstown in search of the enemy. It was very 
 fortunate for the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment that Company G was 
 not killed or captured on this expedition, for this company was very much 
 needed later on. 
 
 The roll of the Company will be found with others on the Roster of the 
 Regiment. It will be there seen that the first officers of the Company, Captain 
 Charles Klotz, First-Lieutenant Miles P. Sigworth, and Second-Lieutenant 
 A-Ieeker, were mustered out of service at the same date, January 10, 1863. After 
 these three officers were mustered out, George F. Morgan, of Company E. was 
 appointed Captain of Company G. John A. Kribbs was promoted from First- 
 Sergeant to First-Lieutenant. At the same time. Arthur W. Bell, also of Com- 
 pany E, was appointed Second-Lieutenant. 
 
 No better, braver, more daring and more deserving men could be found 
 
464 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 in the Regiment than were some of Company G. After the promotion of John 
 A. Kribbs to the position of First-Lieutenant, WilHam F. Collner was advanced 
 to First-Sergeant, which position he most nobly filled until the close of the war. 
 A few months after Hooker's defeat by Lee at Chancellorsville, the Army 
 of the Potomac was forced northward toward Washington, because Lee's army 
 threatened Washington and Baltimore. The Army of the Potomac also crossed 
 the river, keeping between Lee's army and Washington and Baltimore and Phil- 
 adelphia. As Lee advanced, our army also advanced, keeping on Lee's flank until 
 finally the two armies met at Gettysburg, where the greatest battle of the war 
 was fought: one of the " Fifteen Great Battles of the \\'orld." 
 
 On the morning of July 3d, when General Sickles advanced from the posi- 
 tion on the left assigned him by General Meade, he met a large body of the 
 enemy, was badly cut up and driven back. The Fifth Army Corps was double- 
 quicked a mile or more to the left to support General Sickles' Third Corps. As 
 Sickles' troops were being driven back. Weeds' Brigade, in which the One 
 Hundred and F'ifty-fifth Regiment was serving, advanced at double-quick to- 
 ward the famous Peach Orchard. 
 
 In driving the Confederate skirmishers from the position. Weeds' Brigade 
 lost heavily in officers and men. General Stephen H. Weed, Colonel P. H. 
 O'Rorke, of the One Hundred and Fortieth New York \'olunteers, and Cap- 
 tain Charles Hazlitt, of the Fifth United States Batterj- on Little Round Top, 
 were killed or wounded by sharpshooters. General G. K. Warren, Chief Engi- 
 neer of the Army of the Potomac, was also wounded at the same time. The 
 particulars of this battle of Little Round Top being given at length in the his- 
 torical chapters of this work, the writer forbears re- 
 peating the description of it in this sketch of Com- 
 pany G. 
 
 From Gettysburg the army moved down to- 
 ward the Rappahannock. Later in the fall the 
 Regiment was in the movements around Rappa- 
 hannock Station and still later in the Mine Run 
 campaign. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regi- 
 ment went into winter quarters at Warrenton, Va., 
 and spent four months there. Company G, with the 
 Regiment, for quite a time at Warrenton Junction 
 guarding the Orange & Alexandria Railroad. On 
 Alay 5. 1864, General Grant, in command, with 
 General Meade next in rank, reached the Wilder- 
 ness, and ordered the Fifth Corps, General Warren 
 in advance ; the Second Corps, General Hancock ; 
 and Sixth Corps, General Sedgwick,, each aggre- 
 gating about thirty thousand men ; and General Phil. 
 Sheridan and the several divisions of his cavalry 
 corps to advance by different roads until Lee's army 
 was encountered in the heart of the Wilderness 
 CAPT. GEORGE P. MORGAN, junglcs. After two days of very severe and fruit- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 465 
 
 less fighting, the Confederates holding their positions, Grant withdrew, and 
 marched by the left flank to reach Spottsylvania Court House, where several 
 roads converged, leading to the open ground outside of the Wilderness to Chan- 
 cellorsville and Fredericksburg. General Lee's vigilant cavalry scouts soon de- 
 tected this movement of Grant, and divining its object, the Confederates, having 
 a shorter road not obstructed nor harrassed by an enemy, reached the vicinity 
 of Spottsylvania Court House, a fifteen mile march, before the head of Grant's 
 columns, which had marched some hours earlier. Warren's Corps, still in ad- 
 vance, struck the enemy at Alsop's Farm, or Laurel Hill, near Spottsylvania, 
 and a severe battle with heavy loss to both armies occurred early in the morn- 
 ing of the 8th. Spottsylvania, however, was secured by the Confederates, who 
 at once proceeded to fortify, and miles of entrenchments were constructed. 
 Grant's assaults and attacks upon these fortifications were fruitless, and he 
 flanked them to North Anna. Still flanking. Grant evacuated Spottsylvania, and 
 on the 24:th of Alay, crossed the North Anna, where the Confederates tmsuc- 
 cessfully attacked Warren's Corps. Grant, continuing his flank movements, 
 proceeded to Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor, where bloody battles were 
 fought, with no results. These actions and skirmishing, together with a change 
 of base across the James River, the charge of the 18th of June, so disastrous to 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, and the siege of Petersburg, and on down to 
 Appomattox, are all so fully described in the general history of the Regiment, 
 that the reader is referred thereto, Company G being ever present with the 
 Regiment. 
 
 The original enrollment of Company G, officers and men. August 38, 1862, 
 was ninety-seven. Additional enrollments, mostly in 1864, by draft and by 
 substitute, and by transfer from other companies and regiments, was forty, 
 making a total of one hundred and thirty-seven. 
 
 Record Exroi.liiext. C.xsu.-^lties, Etc.. of Company G. 
 
 Died of disease fmostl}- the first year of service), thirteen. Discharged 
 on Surgeon's certificate of disabilitv. twentv-one. 
 
 Kir.LED IN B.ATTLE. 
 
 George Hondle, Fredericksliurg. Va., December 13. 1863. 
 
 Henry J. Hummel, Wilderness, Va., 1864. 
 
 Jeremiah Keely, Petersburg, \*a.. June 18, 1864. 
 
 Henry Hunsburger, Hatcher's Run, \'a., February 6. 1865. 
 
 Frederick Isensee, Five Forks. Va.. March 31, 1865. 
 
 John Miller, Laurel Hill. Xa.. May 6, 1864. 
 
 John Oler, Chancellorsville, \'a.. May 3, 1863. 
 
 John Snyder, Fredericksburg. Va., December 13, 1863. 
 
 John Texter, Fredericksburg, ^'a., December 13, 1862. 
 
466 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 THOS. TAYLOR. 
 
 HIRAM BEALS. 
 
 JOSIAH FELLMAN. 
 DIED OF WOUNDS. 
 
 Daniel Imbody, May 20, 1865. 
 Ferdinand Eiseman, March 12. 
 Erred Fowles, October 6, 1862. 
 Hugh B. Piatt. December 24, 1862. 
 William Vensel, February 24, 1865. 
 
 WOUNDED IN ACTION AND DISCHARGED FROM HOSPITAL ON SURGEON's CERTIFICATE: 
 
 OR BY GENER.^L. 
 
 John Amster — Wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 Abraham Bish — Lost leg at first Hatcher's Run. discharged March 9, 1865. 
 William F. Best — Wounded at Petersburg. \'a.. discharged March 25, 1865. 
 John Gordon — Wounded at Spottsylvania, \"a., discharged May 12, 1864. 
 Amos Hyberger — Wounded at Five Forks, Va., discharged April 1, 1865. 
 Paul Mahle — Wounded a; Wilderness, Va., discharged May 5, 1863. 
 John Marsh — Wounded at Quaker Road, Va., discharged March 29, 1865. 
 
 LEONARD DEHNER. 
 
 ADAM DITTMAN. 
 
 FRANKLIN WILL. 
 
UNDER THE iMALTESE CROSS. 467 
 
 George O. Piatt — Wounded at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 Jeremiah Reighner — Wounded at Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864. 
 William Stitt— Wounded at Quaker Road, Va., March 29, 1865. 
 Thomas Taylor — Lost leg at Peebles' Farm, Va., September 30, 1864. 
 James L. Black — Wounded at Spottsylvania, Va., May, 1864. 
 
 MISSING IN ACTION. 
 
 John McFarland — Missing in battle of Hatcher's Run ; probably killed. 
 
 Isaac Thomas — Missing in first day's battle in Wilderness, May 5, 1864. 
 Last seen on one knee taking aim at enemy. Most probably killed at that time. 
 
 Isaac Wentling — Captured at Battle of the Wilderness, and died at An- 
 dersonville, Ga., September, 1864. 
 
 Of the ninety-seven originally enrolled, who " volunteered for three years 
 or during the war," twenty-nine came home together at the close of the war, and 
 were mustered out of the service, June 2, 1865. Twenty-four of the twenty-nine 
 were wounded. The following are the names of the twenty-nine who came home 
 together : 
 
 John A. Kribbs, First-Lieutenant ; only a scratch ; in front of Petersburg. 
 William F. Collner, First-Sergeant ; wounded or struck with rebel bullets ten 
 or twelve times. 
 
 Oliver Paup, Sergeant ; wounded. 
 
 Frank Shoup, Sergeant ; wounded. 
 
 Josiah Fillman, Sergeant ; wounded. 
 
 Alonzo McMichael, Sergeant; wounded. 
 
 Edward Alexander, Corporal. 
 
 Emanuel Slaugenhaupt, Corporal. 
 
 William B. Fowles, Corporal ; wounded. 
 
 George F. Piatt, Corporal ; wounded. 
 
 Jacob Beals. 
 
 Hiram Beals ; wounded. 
 
 Leonard Dehner ; wounded. 
 
 Adam Dittman. 
 
 Edward Darnel. 
 
 Peter Dower ; woimded. 
 
 George W. Edinger; wounded. 
 
 Miles Eisman. 
 
 John P. Greer. 
 
 Jacob Hunsborger ; wounded. 
 
 William Hess; wounded. 
 
 Isaac W. Mong ; wounded in front of Petersburg. 
 
 Joseph Mong; wounded. 
 
 John Neely. 
 
 John A. Nevil ; wounded in front of Petersburg. 
 
 David E. Stagley; wounded. 
 
4r;s 
 
 UNDER THE .MAETESE CROSS. 
 
 George Y. Swab : wounded. 
 
 Eranklin Will ; wounded. 
 
 The following recruits were also mustered out with the Cuinpany 
 
 William French : 
 John G. Fries. 
 August McGary. 
 
 wounded at Gravelly Run, March :!1, 1865. 
 
 John A. Pauchert. 
 
 John Weber. 
 
 Frank Shouj), Josiah I-'illman. Edward Alexander, a'nd several others were 
 
 in every battle in which the Regiment was engaged, and never received a scratch. 
 
 All were splendid soldiers — indeed, the entire twenty-nine were good soldiers. 
 
 (Jf the remainder of the Companv, 
 some were in hospitals on account of 
 sickness or wounds, and were discharged 
 on surgeon's certificate, and others bv 
 general order : others had been trans- 
 ferred to the \'eteran Reserve Corps. A 
 fow recruits were transferred to the 
 ( -ne Hundred and Ninety-first Regiment 
 I'enns}lvania \'olunteers. Of the ninety- 
 seven who started from home together in 
 August. 186"^, forty-four were killed and 
 wounded, and two missing in battle — 
 most probably killed — making forty-six. 
 Kecruits killed and wounded, eight, and 
 line missing in action, making nine. 
 This made a total of fifty-five who suf- 
 fered from rebel bidlets. Twenty-nine 
 came home together at the close of the 
 war, and of these twenty-four had been 
 wounded, leaving only five of the original 
 ninety-seven at the close of the war un- 
 touched by fatal disease or bullets. 
 These facts show the character of the 
 
 service of Coni])any G, the risks, dangers, and hardships these noble men endured 
 
 for the welfare of home and countr\ . 
 
 JOHN A. NEVIL. 
 
 Ri:.m.\ukai:le Escapes. 
 
 The twenty-four of the famous twenty-nine were wounded not only once, 
 but some of them were struck a number of times. Especially was this true of 
 Orderly-Sergeant \\"illiam F. Collner, who was struck by bullets of the enemy 
 ten or twelve times. (Jnly (.)nce. lunvever, was he so badly wounded that he 
 has carried a reminder of it all these years. His record is exceptionally remark- 
 able. In one battle a bullet passed through his knapsack ; in the next engagement 
 a bullet passed through hi-- haversack: in another the company's report book. 
 
UNDER THE ^lALTESE CROSS. 4G9 
 
 wliich was rolled up and strapped on top of his knai)-ack. was cut in pieces. A 
 bullet struck and bent his gun-barrel in another engagement. At another time 
 his canteeti was also shattered from the same cause. Continuing, his rubber 
 blanket rolled up and thrown over his shoulder was shot through. Another en- 
 gagement resulted in the cutting of his coat across the shoulder by a bullet. On 
 several other occasions, after battles, his pantaloons were rent by bullets. In 
 fact, it was so common for Sergeant Collner to get hit that the boys would in- 
 quire fre<|uentl>-. after coming out of a fight, '" Well, " Will,' where did the Rebs 
 spoil vour clothes this time? " Sergeant Collner really seemed to bear a charmed 
 life. The writer can give no other explanatiiins of this wonderful deliverance 
 and preservation than his belief that it was due to the fact that on the hill-tops 
 of St. Petersburg, Clarion county. Pennsylvania: there was a pious mother inter- 
 ceding with the God of battles for her >oldier boy. by day and by night, until the 
 war closed, when he returned home again, the worthy hero of many battles. 
 
 Others in the Company were equally brave, equally heroic and daring, yet 
 the}' did not seem to have so many close calls, though ecjually exposed to the 
 enemy's Indlets. C)n the ISth of June, 18(i4. when the famous charge of the Regi- 
 ment in front of Petersburg was made, a bullet struck Isaac Mong, of Company 
 G, in the breast, and passed through his body. Though badly wounded, he walked 
 oiif the battlefield, and within three months returned to the Compan}' and reported 
 for duty. Twenty-three years after the war, that soldier hero coughed up a piece 
 of flannel blouse which the enemy's bullet had carried int<i his body. It had 
 remained there all these many years. Eight years ago this patriot hero was 
 called to his eternal reward in that better country of peace and rest. 
 
 The famous twenty-nine, with a few exceptions, have the distincti(.in and 
 proud honor of having fought with the Regiment in and through all the great 
 battles of the Army of the Potomac. 
 
 First-Lieutenant Kribbs was in comiuand of Comjiany G in all the great 
 battles from the Wilderness until the army settled down in bomb-proofs in front 
 of Petersburg in the summer of ISIU, and was then absent from the Company 
 some three months as Acting Regimental Ouartermaster. In the latter part of 
 March, however, he received an eight da}s' leave of absence to visit a dying sister 
 in Clarion county, Pennsylvania, ^^'hen he left the front all was quiet, nothing 
 occurring to indicate an early movement of the army. About the time he reached 
 home, however, the army advanced, and, after three days at home, the writer 
 started for the front, succeeding cmlv with great difficultv in reaching the Regi- 
 ment the da\- after (general Lee surrendered. 
 
 COMI'AXY Rl^MIXlSCF.XClCS. 
 
 Captain Charles Klotz. wdiose resignation w-as accepted January 10. 1863, 
 returned to his home in Clarion county. Pennsylvania, wdiere he practiced medi- 
 cine until disabled by sickness. He died in 18i:)9. He was a man in good stand- 
 ing in his home community, being held in esteem as a citizen and as a physician. 
 
 Captain George F. Morgan was promoted from Sergeant-Major in Company 
 E to Captain of Company G, Januar\- 10. 186-3. He was absent from the Com- 
 
470 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 pany, on recruiting service, from February 18, 18G4, until some time in August 
 or September of the same year. He was detailed as Brigade Inspector from De- 
 cember, 1864, to April 9, 1865. After the close of the war he was breveted 
 Alajor, for gallant service as a staff officer on April 9, 1865, still being on de- 
 tached service at muster-out of the Company. Captain Morgan was a bright, 
 worthy, and brave officer and soldier. A few years after the war he was elected 
 to the State Legislature from Pittsburg, Pa. Later he moved to Chicago, where 
 he has lived some thirty years, and engaged in politics, being Deputy Sheriff" 
 during the famous riots, and has been successful in business. 
 
 First-Lieutenant Miles P. Sigworth resigned January 10, 1863. First-Lieu- 
 tenant John A. Kribbs, promoted from First-Sergeant to First Lieutenant, Janu- 
 ary 10, 1863, was mustered out' with the Company, June 2, 1865. Being the 
 writer of this sketch of Company G, he can only say that he has the proud con- 
 sciousness of having tried to do his duty as a worthy and true soldier, and of 
 his justness and capability as an officer he must leave to others to judge. After 
 the close of the war, he attended the Evangelical Lutheran Seminary at Philadel- 
 phia, Pa., for three years. After graduating, he took charge as pastor of St. 
 John's English Lutheran Church, at Kittaning, Pa., where he labored successfully, 
 he hopes, for a period of ten years. He was then called to the pastorate of the 
 English Lutheran Church at Zelienople, Pa., and also Director of the Orphan's 
 Home Farm School, Zelienople, Pa. This latter position, he has reason to believe, 
 he has filled successfully and acceptably for a period of nearly thirty years, and 
 the many friends of the institution and the church have assured him of their 
 fullest confidence and esteem. 
 
 Second-Lieutenant Edwin Meeker entered the service with the Company, 
 August 38, 1862. He was in command of Company G in the famous charge of 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment on Marye's Heights, at the battle of 
 Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862. He was a worthy and brave officer and 
 soldier, but though disabled by a severe siege of fever some three months previous 
 to the battle, and physically unable to endure the exposure and hardships of active 
 campaigning, he commanded the company in that great battle. His resignation 
 was accepted January 10, 1863. Returning to his home in Clarion county, Penn- 
 sylvania, he engaged in the practice of medicine and in the mercantile, business, 
 and died a few years ago in Virginia, never having recovered his health. 
 
 Second-Lieutenant Arthur W. Bell received a commission in Company G, 
 January 10, 1862. He was a worthy young man of commendable character, and 
 was a worthy and faithful soldier. After the close of the war, he engaged in busi- 
 ness in Pittsburg, Pa., where he died some years after the war. 
 
 First-Sergeant William F. Collner, at the age of sixteen or seventeen years, 
 volunteered to fight for "' Uncle Sam," and was with his Company from start 
 to finish, except when absent several times on account of wounds received in 
 battle. He was in command of the Company at the battle of Hatcher's Run. 
 At the close of the war. Sergeant Collner returned to his home at St. Petersburg, 
 Clarion county, where he entered his father's general store. He was elected 
 Sheriff of Clarion county, Pennsylvania, and later to the office of Prothonotary 
 of the same county, filling the latter office for a period of six years. He is now 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 471 
 
 WILLIAM HESS. 
 
 JOSIAH G. WINGER. 
 
 JOSEPH NIEDERLANDER. 
 
 •engaged in the insurance business in Clarion, Pa. Having been in poor health for 
 several years, he is still found in his office when able, attending to business. May 
 the Lord of hosts deal tenderly and kindly with him in his sore affliction of ill- 
 health and in the loss of his beloved wife, and keep him even to the end. 
 
 Genial Private " Billy " Hess, faithful and brave in battle, was mustered 
 •out with the Company. 
 
 Private Josiah G. Winger contributed by his wit and eloquence around the 
 <amp-fire most cheerful impressions in the early days of our enlistment and 
 service, known to the recruits as the breaking-in period. He himself, after gradu- 
 ating in the duties of a soldier, was, in September, 1863, transferred to the Four- 
 teenth Company, Second Battalion, Reserve Corps, much to the regret of the 
 officers and men whom he so often cheered with his happy manner whilst in active 
 service. 
 
 Private Joseph Niederlander joined the Company in August, 1864, and dis- 
 charged his duties in a soldierly manner. 
 
 Note. — Since writing the foregoing. Sergeant Colhier died at his residence, Clarion, 
 Pa., May, 1909. 
 
47:3 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 By Private John T. Porter. 
 
 ORTY-TA\'0 years after the close of the War of the RebelHon, a his- 
 tory of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania 
 Volunteer Infantry is to be written and published. As a general rule 
 contemporaneous history of important events, which affect the des- 
 tinies of mankind, owing to the prejudices and animosities of which 
 contemporaneous historians are scarcely able to divest themselves, is said to be 
 unreliable. The reliable historian must be of a later generation, and have access 
 to all the records and available data, pro and con, pertaining to the events, a 
 description of which he narrates. 
 
 But what mortal is able to bridge a gulf forty-two years wide in memory, 
 and give a true and faithful account of the scenes and events in the unwritten 
 history of one of the " three hundred fighting regiments," that played so con- 
 spicuous a part in saving the Republic that Washington gave us? But an in- 
 finitesimal fraction of the individual deeds of valor, of privation, of suffering 
 of the rank and file, will ever be recalled by fleeting recollection. 
 
 Of written record :i there are none, except a meager diary here and there 
 of some more than usually thoughtful private or officer. The bridging of mem- 
 ory cannot recall minor and commonplace occurrences, but there are events in 
 the career of every soldier who performed his duty at the front, the memory of 
 which time can never eft'ace. The brotherly love, the acts of kindness, of sym- 
 pathy and helpfulness of comrades and messmates : the little unpretending ef- 
 fusions of loving hearts in the camp or on the wearisome march all recall the 
 most tender recollections, which are engraven on the memory forever. 
 
 Company H was a Clarion county product. Xo doubt the boys were consid- 
 ered greenhorns by the city companies, and it cannot be denied that the latter 
 were very nearly correct in their opinions. Many of the Company had never 
 been outside the boundaries of their own county, and some, perhaps, never 
 beyond the limits of the township in which the)' had been born. 
 
 In its make-up Company H was composed of the most heterogeneous ele- 
 ments. All were young, many being scarcely more than mere boys. Young 
 men of education and refinement associated unreservedly, and on a footing of 
 perfect equality, with those who were illiterate, and uncouth in mnaners. The 
 country academy, the country store, the blacksmith shop, and the farm, each 
 contributed its quota to fill the ranks of the Company. But while the Company 
 was made up of so great a diversity of characters and dispositions, a most intense 
 spirit of patriotism pervaded the whole, and all social distinctions were lost sight 
 of and forgotten in the enthusiastic love of country which formed the common 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 473 
 
 ground on which they could touch elbows in a spirit of perfect equality. This 
 ardor of patriotism which pervaded the entire Company was not born of sud- 
 den excitement, nor was it emotional in its nature, soon to react and subside, 
 but was deep-seated and permanent. The war had been going on for more than 
 a year, and was growing hideous in its proportions. Immense Union armies 
 were already at the front. The campaigns had been badly managed, great bat- 
 tles had been fought, with terrible fatalities, the Union commanders had been out- 
 
 JOHN T. PORTER. 
 
 generaled by the Confederates, with conse(|uent elation in the South and de- 
 pression in the North, and there was nothing in the condition of affairs at that 
 period to induce the belief that the Company was going on a pleasure excursion. 
 Every man in the Company realized before enlisting the stern reality of the 
 situation — that he might never behold the scenes of his childhood again and 
 that his bones might lie bleaching on some Southern battlefield. No other group 
 
474 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 of men of the same number that were ever banded together under similar circum- 
 stances, possessed more true manhood, or more of the essential characteristics 
 that go to make a stable Government. Every man of them was composed of the 
 stuff of which good government is made. 
 
 A desertion from the ranks would have been regarded by the entire Com- 
 pany as a lasting disgrace to its record, and to its credit, let it be said, none ever 
 occurred. Colonel Ewing, who, as Captain, led the Company in its first cam- 
 paigns, loved his men too well to be a very strict disciplinarian, yet his dignity, 
 his bravery in action, coupled with his tenderness of heart, set an example to 
 his command that was, perhaps, better than strictness of discipline. It would be 
 
 CAPT. D. E. LYON. 
 
 CAPT. WILLIAM E. ALLEN. 
 
 impossible within the limits of a volume to describe in detail the qualities, good 
 and bad, of the ofificers and men of the Company ; suffice it to say, the Captains, 
 Lyon and Allen, Lieutenants Blair and Lee were deservedly popular with the 
 Company, and their coolness and self-command as well as bravery under fire 
 were stimulants to the occasional flagging of the men. Their promotion was 
 well merited, and met with the universal approval of the Company. The " non- 
 coms." were all worthy of the chevrons they wore, and were space and 
 time more plentiful, it would be a pleasure to record their individual acts of 
 heroism. 
 
 Thomas C. Lawson, First-Sergeant ; Washington Craig, John Jackson,. 
 James M. Lyon, David J. Stewart, James J, Irwin, of the sergeants, and all of 
 the corporals without exception, had the proud consciousness of duty well per- 
 formed, and promotion well earned. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 475 
 
 Personal Sketches. 
 
 Thus far this sketch has been entirely impersonal, coming, as it were, as 
 the united sentiment of the Company, expressed by one voice. I wish, now, to 
 make a few observations from a personal viewpoint. I had the pleasure of being 
 a messmate for a period of Sergeants Thomas C. Lawson and John Jackson. 
 
 " Chalmers " Lawson, as he was familiarly called by the comrades, was one 
 of Nature's noblemen. No braver nor better soldier ever carried a gun — or 
 the colors of a regiment. Having nothing in my own record to be especially 
 proud of except the consciousness of trying to perform my duty as far as I was 
 able, I tried many a time to emulate the gallantry and prudence of Chalmers. 
 I admired his personal character and loved him as a man. Being of a rather 
 retiring disposition among strangers, he seemed a little distant in manner to 
 those not well acquainted with him. In the mess, however, he was all geniality, 
 and the quaint humor with which he could relate the exquisitely ludicrous images 
 
 SGT. WASHINGTON A. CRAIG. CORP. JACOB BRUDEN. 
 
 CORP. D. REID CURLL. 
 
 that occasionally tlitted across his fancy is beyond description. Kindness of 
 heart was one of his characteristics, and I shall ever remember with grateful 
 feelings the many little acts of courtesy I experienced at his hands. He is still 
 living, being a highly-respected member of the medical profession, located in 
 Brookville. Pa. Those of the original members who remember the prominent 
 part Sergeant Lawson took in the recruiting of the Company well know he 
 should have received a commission long before the close of the war. 
 
 D. Reid Curll was another comrade whose soldierly qualities won admira- 
 tion. He was always ready for duty and could always be relied upon in any 
 emergency. Not having seen him for many years, I remembered him only as 
 a stalwart young soldier of Company H. At a reunion of the Regiment at Ken- 
 nywood Park a few years ago, I was sitting on a bench with several comrades 
 talking over our war days. One of the veterans whom I did not recognize had 
 his arm around me. and when I asked what had become of Reid Curll, saying 
 how desirous I was of seeing him, the old fellow gave me a warm hug, while the 
 
476 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 others smiliiigi_\- said that Reid would never get closer to me than he was at 
 that moment. 
 
 Julius W'ilkins was an old chum for whom I had a warm affection. Being 
 Commissary-Sergeant, he had a horse to ride, and was not with the Company 
 very much, his dut}- keeping him constantly with the commissary wagon trains. 
 A circumstance happened on one occasion that came near wrecking our friend- 
 ship forever. C)n the last day of our return march from the famous Weldon 
 Railroad raid, in December, 1864, the troops had from ten to fifteen miles of 
 ground to cover before reaching the protection of the main army before Peters- 
 burg. As a result of a feast of raw turnips and stewed chicken procured on a 
 private foraging expedition the previous day, I was not in good condition for 
 a forced march; in fact, I could hardly walk rapidly without pain. Soon after 
 starting in the morning. Julius on horseback, rode up to the Company, and see- 
 ing my disgruntled condition dismounted and insisted that I should mount his 
 horse and ride a while. Buckling on my accoutrements and taking my gun, he 
 occupied my place in the column, while I. mounted on a strong horse, rode into 
 the fields skirting the road, and soon got ahead of the column. Appreciating the 
 immense superiority of horseback locomotion to legging it, I resolved to enjoy 
 the novelt}- as long as possible, and so did not allow m_\self to be overtaken by 
 the column until we arrived in the vicinity of the main army in front of Peters- 
 burg. Julius, having trudged along on foot for at least ten miles, carrying my 
 gun, and cartridge box filled with forty rounds of ammunition, was not at all 
 pleased when I returned his horse and attempted to thank him for the favor. 
 The language he used on that occasion was most emphatic, but would not look 
 well in print : therefore, I shall not attempt to give it. 
 
 Oh, that the goddess of memory would vouchsafe to inspire me with her 
 blessed gift, that I might recall the interesting and noteworthy incidents in the 
 careers of man}- others of the Company! There was John Jackson, the inimita- 
 ble Jackson I Who that ever associated intimately with him could forget the 
 peculiarities of character that put him in a class by himself? John Jackson was 
 like nobody else in many respects. Generous to a fault, brave as a lion, he pos- 
 sessed great tenderness of heart, which he endeavored to conceal by a pretense of 
 sternness and austerity. Full of fun and full of stories, he never allowed any 
 one's spirits or courage to droop while in his company. In engagements with the 
 enemy, Jackson seemed to be in his happiest mood. To hear him laugh, and 
 shout, '■ Give it to them, boys! give 'em h — 11! " was not only encouraging, but 
 made one think battling with the enemy was the joy of his life. If there was 
 but one gun to be stacked at the close of a hard day's march, that gun was 
 Jackson's, Delicately built, he could outmarch many more rugged in constitution. 
 
 After the war was ended, Jackson and I were room-mates for a term at 
 Glade Run Academy, Armstrong county, Pennsylvania. We had messed to- 
 gether in the army ; and when he came to the Academy, he sought me out, and 
 insisted that we should mess together at school. He learned the profession of 
 dentistry, but died some years ago in the West. Peace to his ashes. 
 
 Captain John H. Ewing was with the Company continuously imtil after the 
 battle of Gettysburg, when he was promoted to Major. He was in command 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 477 
 
 LIEUT. ELIJA M. LEE. 
 
 LIEUT. SAMUEL Q. BLAIR. 
 
 SGT. JAS. J. IRWIN. 
 
 LIEUT. JOHN MOONEY. 
 
478 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 of the Regiment from the second day's battle in the Wilderness imtil the 22d of 
 June, 1864, and was with the Regiment throughout its term of service, except 
 while recovering from wounds received in battle. He was woimded in the foot 
 June 22. 1864, south of Jerusalem Plank Road, and again in the knee on the "2-5th 
 of March, 1865, at Second Hatcher's Run. having by this time reached the rank 
 of Brevet Colonel. 
 
 Lieutenant D. E. Lyon was with the Company until July. 1803, after the 
 battle of Gettysburg where he had received a woimd. He was detailed on re- 
 cruiting ser\-ice. but returned to the Company the next winter, having been pro- 
 moted to Captain. Of delicate physique. Captain Lyon, after the Wilderness 
 campaign, became seriously ill from exposure, and was ordered to Washington 
 on detail duty. 
 
 Lieutenant John Mooney. a faithful and deserving officer, broke down on the 
 Antietam campaigns from fatigues and e.xposures, suffering ver\' severely, and 
 was forced to go to the hospital, and was never able to return to dut>-, being 
 
 CORP. JOHN A. ANDERSON. 
 
 CHARLES W. FULTON. 
 
 HARRY HARRIGER. 
 
 discharged Januarv 20, 1863. He died a few years ago, having reached a ripe 
 old age. 
 
 Sergeant Da\"id T. Orr was but seventeen years old at the time of his en- 
 listment. Not being of robust constitution, he succimibed to the hardships of 
 the forced march to Antietam. Shortly after the battle of Antietam, his father 
 took him home, where he died March "24, 1863. 
 
 Wilson E. Allen, Second- Sergeant, reached the rank of Captain. He was 
 wounded in the right wrist at Fredericksburg, He was mustered out with the 
 Company, and is still li\-ing in Pittsburg. 
 
 L. T. ]iIontgomerv-. Fourth-Sergeant, was woimded at Fredericksburg, De- 
 cember 13. 186-3. and was discharged April 6. 1863. He is still living in Jefferson 
 county, Pennsylvania. 
 
 William R. Whitmer. Fifth-Sergeant, died at Camp McAuley. October 12, 
 1862. 
 
 Samuel O. Blair was promoted from. Corporal to First-Lieutenant. He was 
 
UNDER THE :NL\LTESE CROSS. 
 
 479 
 
 a good soldier and popular with the men. He was mustered out with the Com- 
 pany, and is still hving in Evans City, Butler county. Pa. 
 
 Elijah M. Lee reached the rank of Second-Lieutenant. He was a remark- 
 ably good soldier, and never missed an engagement. He was also a genial and 
 popular officer. He is still living in Qarion, Pa. 
 
 Sergeant James J. Irwin was captured in the battle of the Wilderness, May 
 5, 1S64, and died in Anderson\Tlle : date unknown. 
 
 Lewis Hartman was wounded on the ISth of June, and carried the bullet 
 in his body imtil his death. May 37, 1904. 
 
 The three Fox brothers were all unfortunate. Alexander died in the hos- 
 pital at Beverly, X. J.. November 26. 1S64. Re\Tiolds was captured Mav 5, 
 1864, with the wagon train, in the WUdemess, and died in Anderson-\"iUe. August 
 
 JOHN A. LEWIS .4ND PETER LEWIS. 
 
 23, 1864. WiUiam A. was wounded at Bethesda Church, and died September 4, 
 1S64, at Washington, D. C. Isaac Fox. a cousin of the three brothers, was 
 wounded May 5, 1S64, in the Wilderness, and was never able to return to duty. 
 He is still living, a farmer in Clarion count\-. 
 
 A\ . A. Craig was a brave soldier, and always ready for dut\-, there being no 
 better in the Raiment. He is still li^^ng, engaged in the flour-mill business at 
 Sligo. Pa. 
 
 James M. Lyon, Da^■id J. Stuart. John Anderson. PhiUp Over. John Reody, 
 Moses Anderson, Samuel Weight. Reuben and Harri- Harriger. William Bell, 
 Charles W. Fulton, were all good soldiers. 
 
 John and Peter Lewis, brothers, both under eighteen, were brave soldiers, 
 Peter being kiUed in the Wilderness. 
 
480 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 WILLIAM D. AND LEWIS HARTMAN. 
 
 John Griffith was wounded and captured May .j, 1S64. He has described his 
 captivity at Andersouville in a contribution which appears in another part of 
 this history. 
 
 H. S. Harnish was killed at the same time and place. 
 
 James M. Raster died at Falmouth, \'a.. January 14. 1863, after the battle 
 of Fredericksburg. 
 
 Alexander Eaton was killed at the battle of Gravelly Run. while on the 
 skirmish line. 
 
 The two Hartman's and George Gourley were brave men in battle. Old 
 Jacob Kohler fought bravely for his adopted country. 
 
 Private George R. Kerr, on Little Round Top. Gettysburg, was wounded 
 
 JAMES M. CASTER. 
 
 GEO. K. KERR. 
 
 SGT. DAVID J. STEWART. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 481 
 
 by fragments of Confederate shells during the great 
 artillery duel, July 2, 1863. 
 
 The three Stewarts, one of whom, ^lilton, fell 
 in front of Petersburg, Eli W'hitmore. and Joseph 
 Keifer were all excellent soldiers. Eli Whitmore and 
 Corporal Isaac \. Hagan were both wounded at Dab- 
 ney's Mills, and Keifer on June IS, 1864. 
 
 Sergeant David I. Stewart was seriously 
 wounded at the battle of Eredericksburg and was 
 carried off the field. On recovery, he rejoined the 
 Company in time to take part in the battle of Gettys- 
 burg. He was again wounded at the battle of North 
 Anna, while in the act of firing, the bullet after pass- 
 ing through his hand, and fracturing his jaw, was 
 taken out of the back of his neck. 
 
 Harnett E. Meeker was wounded and taken pris- 
 oner in the ^^'ilderness, dying at Andersonville a few 
 months later. 
 
 And there was " Andy " White, who could ever 
 forget him I He successfully evaded every action the 
 Regiment was in until the charge of June 18, 18li4. 
 He passed through that dreadful battle unharmed and after the charge he never 
 rested until every man killed or wounded was taken ofT the field. Risking his life 
 time and again and crawling almost to the enemy's line, Andy assisted in rescuing 
 twenty-two comrades of Conv^any H, who had fallen in the charge. On the 'i2d 
 of June, in the battle at the Jerusalem Plank Road, he was among a few who 
 refused to retire when orders of Colonel Ewing from General Griffin to fall 
 back were issued and the charge abandoned. This action in a youth of but six- 
 teen years of age was most remarkable. The next nuirning he was found on the 
 field, severely wounded from the fire of Confederate sharpshooters, from which 
 he lost a leg. 
 
 \Miere there were so many good men in the Company it seems invidious 
 not to menti(_in them all, but want of space forbids any further enumeration of 
 them. 
 
 CORP. ISAAC N. HAGAN. 
 
 Record Enrollment, C.xsualties, Etc., of Company H. 
 
 KILLED AND DIED OF WOUNDS. 
 
 Corporal Reuben Harriger — Died at Philadelphia, Pa., of woimds received 
 at Bethesda Church, Va., June 3, 1864. 
 
 Corporal Horatio S. Harnish — Killed in Wilderness, Va,, ]\Iay -j, 1864, 
 
 Private George Bardenstein — Died at W^ashington, D. C. of wounds re- 
 ceived at Peebles' Earm, Va.. September 30, 1864. 
 
 Private James D. Rums — Died at Washington, D. C, of wounds received 
 at Hatcher's Run, Va., October 97, 1864. 
 
482 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Private Michael Baumeister — Died at Richmond. \'a., of wounds received 
 at Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6, 1865. 
 
 Private John Cowan — Died at Alexandria. \"a.. of wounds received at Pe- 
 tersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Alexander Eaton — Killed at Gravelly Run, Va., March 31, 1865. 
 
 Private Adam Freeman — Died at Alexandria, \ a., of wounds received at 
 Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. 
 
 Private William A. Fox — Died at Washington. D. C. of wounds received at 
 Cold Harbor, Va., June 2, 1864. 
 
 ANDREW WHITE. 
 
 Private William Horner — Died at Cit\- Point. \"a.. of wounds received at 
 Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Solomon Kuhns — Died in Xew York, of wounds received at Peters- 
 burg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Peter Lewis — Killed in Wilderness, \^a., May 5, 1864. 
 
 Private B. F. Lyon — Died at Alexandria. Va... of wounds received at Pe- 
 tersburg, Va., June IS, 1864. 
 
 Private William J. Marks — Died at City Point. \'a., of wounds received at 
 Petersburg, Va.. June 18, 1864. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 483 
 
 Pri\ate William Reedy — Died at New York, of wounds received at Peters- 
 burg, Va., June IS, 1864. 
 
 Private Milton Stewart — Killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Ira Snyder — Died at Point Lookout, Md., of wounds received at 
 Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6, 186.5. 
 
 Private Joseph Swires — Died of wounds received at Dabney's Mills, Va., 
 February 6, 1865. 
 
 Private William Travis — Killed at Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private George B. Weiser — Died near Petersburg, Va., of wounds received 
 in the action on June 18, 1864. 
 
 DIED OF DISEASE, IMPRISONMENT. ACCIDENT, ETC. 
 
 Sergeant David T. Orr — Died at Lawsonham, Pa., March 34, 1863. 
 
 Sergeant William R. Whitmer — Died at Sharpsburg, Md., October 18, 1862. 
 
 Sergeant James J. Irwin — Died at Andersonville, Ga., October 15, 1864. 
 
 Corporal Alexander Fox — Died at Beverly, N. J., November 36, 1864. 
 
 Corporal William Roihan — Died January 31, 1864. 
 
 Private Richard Burns — Died at Curllsville, Pa., September 13, 1864. 
 
 Private David M. Craig — Died at Falmouth, Va., December 37, 1862. 
 
 Private Reynolds Fox — Died in Andersonville, Ga., August 33, 1864. 
 
 Private John Gourley — Died at Falmouth, Va.. January 12, 1863. 
 
 Private William O. Gray — Died at Washington. D. C, November 17, 1863. 
 
 Private J. A. Hermansdoerfifer — Committed suicide at Peebles' Farm, Va., 
 October 7, 1864. 
 
 Private James M. Kaster — Died near Falmouth. \"a.. January 14. 1863. 
 
 Private B. Sloan Long — Died at Pittsburg, Pa., September 11, 1864. 
 
 Private Harnett E. Meeker — Died in Andersonville, Ga., July 17, 1864. 
 
 Private — Daniel Nail — Discharged on Surgeon's certificate May 7, 1864. 
 Died on road home. 
 
 Private James O. Riley — Died at Curllsville, Pa.. January 15, 1865, after re- 
 turn home from Andersonville, Ga. 
 
 WOUNDED IN ACTION. 
 
 Captain David E. Lyon, Gettysburg, Pa., July 36, 1863. 
 Captain Wilson E. Allen, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1863. 
 Sergeant James I\I. Lyon, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1863. 
 Sergeant David J. Stewart, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1863, and 
 North Anna River, Va., May 33, 1864. 
 
 Corporal David R. Curll, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 Corporal John Anderson, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1863. 
 Corporal Philip Over, Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864. 
 Corporal John Reedy, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1863. 
 Corporal Isaac N. Hagan. Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6, 1865. 
 Corporal Moses Anderson, Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 Corporal Samuel Wright, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
i84 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Corporal Horatio S. Harnish, Fredericksburg, \'a., December 13, 1863. 
 
 Private William S. Bell, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1863 ; Laurel 
 Hill, Va., May 8, 1864; Quaker Road, Va., March 39, 1865. 
 
 Private John Drittenbach, Peebles' Farm, \'a., September 30, 186-1; Five 
 Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 
 Private Peter Delp, Petersburg, \'a., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Alexander Eaton, Petersburg, \'a., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Isaac Fox, Wilderness, Va., May .3, 1864. 
 
 Private Lewis Gathers, Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6, 1865. 
 
 Private John Griffith, Wilderness, \'a., May 5, 1864. (Captured.) 
 
 Private Lewis Hartman, Petersburg, ^"a., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private George R. Kerr, Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. 
 
 Private Joseph M. Kifef, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private George D. Kerns, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. (Loss of leg.) 
 
 Private John D. McCall, Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6, 1865. 
 
 Private Absalom W. Palmer, Petersburg, \'a., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Joseph Rankin, Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864. 
 
 Private Nathan Stewart, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Joseph W. Swires. Laurel Hill, Va., May 10, 1864. 
 
 Private Ira Snyder, Spottsylvania, \'a.. May 14, 1864. 
 
 Private Andrew White, Jerusalem Plank Road, \'a., June 33, 1864. (Loss 
 of leg.) 
 
 Private Eli Whitmore, Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6, 1865. 
 
 Private Joseph A\'ilson, Hatcher's Run, \^a., October 27, 1864. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Total enrollment 143 
 
 Killed and died of wounds 30 
 
 Died of disease, imprisonment, etc 15 
 
 Suicide 1 
 
 Discharged for wounds and disabilities 33 
 
 Transferred to \^eteran Reserve Corps 3 
 
 Transferred to other organizations 35 
 
 Deserted 
 
 On Rolls and never joined company 3 
 
 Mustered out with the Regiment 46 
 
 Wounded in action 33 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 485 
 
 RECOLLECTIONS OF COMPANY L 
 Bv Pruate John C. Sias. 
 
 I HE first recruits for Company I came from a local Home Guard 
 company, which, on its formation several months previous to July, 
 1863, was composed of school boys too young for acceptance in 
 regular militar}- companies serving in the field. Richard and 
 William Bailey, two brothers, well-known in Allegheny City by 
 reason of being fifers in martial bands of local militia companies before the 
 Civil War, were the original promoters, and had secured a number of youths 
 averaging not over eighteen years of age to enroll themselves for three years, 
 or during the war. Captain Samuel A. McKee, who had served in the war 
 with Mexico, and had been commander of the Jackson Independent Blues, a 
 popular military company -of Pittsburg some years prior to the Civil War. was 
 also engaged in recruiting a company for the war. 
 and united with N. P. W. Gotta, a citizen backed 
 by the late William Thaw, in efforts to recruit a 
 company. William Logan, a farmer's son, living 
 at Bo.ston, Allegheny county, delivered a number of 
 recruits from his home neighborhood to Captain 
 McKee, and out of this union Company I, of the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsyl- 
 vania \^olunteers, was organized. Captain McKee 
 was made Captain, N. P. W. Gotta took the First- 
 Lieutenancy, and Richard Bailey was named as 
 Second-Lieutenant, with his brother, William V. 
 Bailey, appointed Orderly-Sergeant. 
 
 Lieutenants Gotta and Bailey,- before making 
 any military record, broke down physically from 
 the exposure and hardships of the campaign, and resigned, ^^^illiam Y. Bailey 
 served as Orderly-Sergeant in the Antietam and Fredericksburg campaigns 
 with honor, but was also compelled to leave the service, owing to his con- 
 tmued ill-health, and was honorably discharged for that reason. No more 
 versatile characters than composed the one hundred raw recruits, later known as 
 Company I, could be found in any army. Of diversified nationality, there were 
 boys as young as fourteen, and men apparently close upon three score and ten. 
 The strictest Puritan in religious faith and practice often messed and marched 
 side by side with the most rollicking devil-may-care, profane souls. 
 
 Under the benign and gentle discipline of Captain McKee, the Company 
 soon became proficient in the iluties of a soldier, and obeyed orders promptly. 
 
 CAPT. S. A. McKEE. 
 
486 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Sergeant Logan applied his skill, acquired in the three months' service as drill 
 sergeant, to the benefit of the Company. Sergeant Luke J- Dooling, an educated 
 gentleman, a brave and efficient soldier, who soon earned the rank of First-Lieu- 
 tenant, was a graduate as an enlisted man from the British army, having served 
 in it during the Crimean War. In manner, he was eccentric and odd at times 
 in his deportment. Being much older than the average of the rank and file, his 
 queer actions and spells of solitude and silence attracted as great attention as 
 did his generous treatment of his men. No discount, however, could be had on 
 his fighting qualities, which were exhibited in every battle during his over two- 
 years' service in the field with the Regiment. His example and advice to the 
 boys of the Company in battle was salutary. 
 
 Sergeant J. K. P. Hunter deservedly rose to the rank of First-Lieutenant, 
 which was earned by him by his faithful services at Antietam, Fredericksburg, 
 and more especially in the Chancellorsville campaign, in which latter he was com- 
 mander of the Brigade pioneer corps, rendering valuable services. 
 
 Among the odd characters who found their way into the ranks of the 
 Company was Peter Drury, a well-known individual, hailing from the First 
 ward, Allegheny City. His defective mentality and mature age prevented any 
 hope of his ever acquiring even a slight knowledge of military drill, or of even 
 understanding the simplest duties of a soldier. Peter was, therefore, early ex- 
 cused from all military service and was assigned on probation to the more peace- 
 ful employment of Company cook. In this position he soon displayed most la- 
 mentable ignorance of the duties of Company chef. Before long the whole 
 Company mutinied and threatened to mob him for his disgraceful failures as 
 cook, and also fo.r his wilful and wanton spoiling of the daily rations entrusted 
 to him. Peter was, accordingly relieved of the position of Company cook. He 
 was next assigned to the duty of hostler for Captain McKee. Later he served 
 as a mule leader on the march. Poor Peter early realized the dangers of battle, 
 which he scented afar off, and always kept out of the enemy's range. Many- 
 were the jokes perpetrated on the poor fellow in camp, all of which he accepted 
 with the best of good humor. He was finally, after a year's service, discharged 
 for disability. 
 
 The itinerary chapters of the Regiment treat so fully of each battle that a 
 bare reference to the part taken by Company I is sufficient for the present 
 article. 
 
 Casualties. — Killed and WouNDEn. 
 
 At Fredericksburg, in the charge on Marye's Heights, the Company lost four 
 of its bravest spirits, Corporal Charles N. Matthews, Louis Kilgore, Color- 
 Corporals Francis Thompson and John Rankin, the last two of whom fell at 
 their post defending the colors. 
 
 The long and forced march in the broiling sun on the way to Gettysburg' 
 will ever be remembered, because of its severity and its occasioning many to 
 break down, and become incapacitated for battle duty. Captain McKee was 
 among those affected by the heat and the severity of the forced marches ; and 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 487 
 
 COLOR-CORP. FRANCIS THOMPSON. 
 
 he was compelled to take to the ambu- 
 lance under orders from the Regimental 
 Surgeon. The proximity i)f the battle- 
 field, and the sound of artillery firing 
 in advance had a wonderful curative ef- 
 fect on Captain McKee. He insisted, in 
 defiance of the Surgeon's orders, on ac- 
 companying his Company into the im- 
 pending battle, and was one of the very 
 first to receive wounds as the Company- 
 was entering the battlefield, on the way 
 to relief of Sickles' Third Corps, just 
 before the issue of the recall orders to 
 take position on Little Round Top. 
 
 Private George W. Wilcox, a brave, 
 patriotic, soldier, met his death while 
 scaling Little Round Top, at Gettysburg, 
 on July 2nd. His exemplary life and 
 noble traits made his death long mourned 
 in the Company. 
 
 Private William P. Brady's death in 
 the battle of the Wilderness is saddened 
 
 by the fact that the body was never recovered, and that it is not known whether 
 it was consumed in the flames of the burning woods, or rescued and buried in an 
 '■'unknown grave." 
 
 The writer's beloved messmate. Private Amos Boley, was killed in action at 
 Laurel Hill, thus bringing to our military home the horrors of war with special 
 force. Our remaining members of mess felt a longing, " for the touch of a 
 vanished hand and the sound of a voice that is still," for months after this sad 
 vacancy. 
 
 In this same battle a miraculous escape from death occurred to Private 
 Samuel Culbert. He was wounded, and while being carried off the field a shell 
 from the enemy's line exploded close to him, a fragment of which struck the 
 rim of his hat, cutting it off as clean as if it had been done with a sharp knife. 
 Beyond a slight shock, however, no injury was sustained by him. 
 
 The death of Corporal Samuel Keys was occasioned by a stray shot, which 
 struck him whilst the Company was bivouacked in reserve, where, with guns 
 all stacked and accoutrements unslung, some comrades were napping, and others 
 writing letters, all believing the position to be beyond the range of the enemy's 
 missiles, his death was peculiarly sad. He lingered but a few moments, and was 
 heard before expiring to lisp a prayer. 
 
 Corporal Noah H. Wensell and Private Silas Henry answered " roll-call " 
 for the last time at Spottsylvania. Both their bodies lie buried among the 
 " unknown," the severity of the action preventing comrades from recovering their 
 bodies. Both were brave soldiers, and justly popular with their officers and 
 comrades in the ranks. 
 
4SS 
 
 UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Death of Captain ^iIcKee. 
 
 What vivid recollections crowd the memory as one contemplates the ex- 
 citing scenes of the all-day skirmish and fighting at Petersburg on the memorable 
 18th of June, 18(U. ending in the great charge. How few there were left at the 
 close of that bloody day's work to respond "' Here," as brave Sergeant Logan 
 called the roll of Company I ! Who can ever forget the indelible impression 
 ■Stamped on the memory by the sight of Captain McKee with uplifted sword lead- 
 ing the charge upon the outer fortifications of Petersburg! Also, how every 
 man felt inspired by his action as with fixed bayonets they followed the intrepid 
 Captain in the charge, until the enemy's withering direct and enfilading fire com- 
 
 THOMAS C. MARTIN. 
 
 SAMUEL G. RANKIN. 
 
 pelled the column to halt, and killed our brave leader, who fell just as the order 
 to withdraw was issued by Lieutenant-Colonel Ewing. commanding the Regiment. 
 \Mien the smoke cleared away, there, exposed on the battlefield, were the bodies 
 slain in the charge — Ca])tain McKee. Privates James A. Rankin, James In- 
 graham, Xicholis P>iehl, John Pearson, and Thomas C. ^Martin, all lying close 
 together. The latter had been on detail duty away from the Company, and it 
 was sad to all his comrades that he should meet his death in the first battle in 
 which he had taken part. Because of the enemy's -sharpshooters and artillery 
 still commanding the position, the bodies of Captain McKee and comrades of 
 Company L killed in the battle, could not be moved until under the cover of the 
 night. 
 
 Lieutenant James Strong, who later was destined to become the second oflicer 
 to fall in battle whilst commanding the Company, secured a relief squad to rescue 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 489 
 
 the bodies remaining on the field. An attempt to do so before dark was unsuc- 
 cessful, the enemy's tire being kept up too briskly to allow of the removal of the 
 bodies. At nightfall. Lieutenants Strong and Pearce, with Corporal Charles 
 Walter, crawled out to the advanced position on the battlefield where the bodies 
 of Captain ]\IcKee and Private James A. Rankin lay. The rescue party with 
 stretchers soon rolled the bodies back from the field, avoiding any noise which 
 would attract the fire of the enemy. Graves were dug for Captain ]\IcKee and 
 Private Rankin, and their bodies temporarily buried. Colonel Pearson, on learn- 
 ing of the recovery of the body of Captain McKee, arranged for its return to 
 Pittsburg, where the honor of a public funeral with military honors was accorded 
 it. Lieutenant Strong retained the Captain's sword until he was able as com- 
 mander of the Company to secure one of his own. Young Rankin's body was, 
 later in the war, removed for burial in the village graveyard at Fjoston, near 
 Elizabeth. Pa. His brother, Samuel G. Rankin, who fell in the battle of Dab- 
 ney's Mills some months later, is also buried in the same family lot. 
 
 HOWELL DOUGLASS. 
 
 In camp it made him as 
 
 Life in C'.\mp. 
 
 Camp life and incidents occurring between bat- 
 tles are proper to relieve the sadness and sorrows of 
 battles. In the long winter evenings, in Camp Hum- 
 phreys, and on the long days of summer bivouacs. 
 Company I always had its share of humor and fun 
 from the jovial spirits composing it. The antics and 
 drolleries of Private Howell Douglass eminently qual- 
 ified him for a circus clown. Private Samuel Culbert 
 would have made an excellent second with him in the 
 circus business, doing acrobatic and trapeze perform- 
 ances. Private David Johnston's rendition of Moore's 
 " Irish " and Foster's " Plantation " melodies, almost 
 sufficed to constitute him a whole glee club in himself 
 popular in the concert line as did his excellent record in battle win for him a 
 reputation as a brave soldier boy. 
 
 There was the irrepressible Peter Mulvehill, who for short was nicknamed 
 " !Mulzee," a wag and joker of high order. His humor ever contributed to re- 
 lieve the sorrows and dumps which so often overtook the boy soldier far 
 away from mother, father, sister, and sweetheart. Mulzee's appearance and fun- 
 loving disposition was always a sure cure for nostalgia, the awful medical name 
 for home-sickness. 
 
 An incident illustrative of the quick wit and humor of Mulzee occurs to 
 the writer as worthy of mention in these annals. In camp at Warrenton Junction 
 a progressive euchre party, in those times termed a poker game social, was being 
 held late one winter's evening in the tent of a comrade of Mulzee. Several invited 
 guests from other companies, who, as well as the members of Companv I, had 
 just received their pay, were in attendance at this society event. Among the 
 latter was a well-known sporting character and man about town in Pittsburg, a 
 
490 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 comrade of Company C for a very short term. He was more famous in camp 
 for expertness in the use of cards than in the use of any military weapons. The 
 card game, when near its end, was interrupted by a curious debate. The ques- 
 tion was sprung on the players and guests as to what port General William 
 Walker sailed from on his famous filibustering expedition in 18.59, for Nicaragua. 
 The card party immediately divided on this momentous question, one-half assert- 
 ing that Walker's expedition sailed from Memphis, Tenn. ; the other most posi- 
 tively declaring that it shipped from Beaufort, S. C. The Company C visiting 
 sport promptly wagered ten dollars that the expedition sailed from Beaufort, 
 
 JOHN C. SIAS AND DAVID JOHNSTON. MESSMATES. 
 
 whilst one of the players, a friend of Mulzee's, as promptly took the bet, averring 
 with confidence that ^Memphis was beyond doubt the port of departure. 
 
 " Mulzee " at once invented the ingenious story for the benefit of all con- 
 cerned that there was a comrade in Company E who had been a cabin boy in 
 18.59 in the ship carrying ^^'alker and his expedition to Nicaragua. It was agreed 
 all around that, as " Mulzee " was not betting himself, and was, therefore, dis- 
 interested, that each of the bettors should put up the ten dollar wagers into the 
 hands of Sergeant Tom Dunn, of Company C, one of the players who was not 
 betting, to abide the decision of the absent Company E man, who was then on 
 his picket post. Both sides to the wager took pains to interview, without delay. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 491 
 
 the picket umpire early in the morning at his post a few miles from camp. 
 " Mulzee," however, saw the picket first in the interest of the Memphis bet. He 
 explained the joke to the innocent picket which he desired to perpetrate on the 
 Company C " player " who had wagered the ten dollars on Beaufort. The sur- 
 prised picket, who had never heard of Walker or of his expedition, complacently 
 agreed with " IMulzee," for a division of the stakes, to unhesitatingly and most 
 positively to decide in favor of Memphis. Later in the morning, along to the 
 picket post came the Company C wagerer, who lost no time in introducing the 
 subject of the pending wager. Upon being informed by the veracious picket that 
 Walker's port of departure was Memphis, the Company C man rose to the occa- 
 sion and promptly offered the guileless picket five dollars in cash for a decision 
 in favor of Beaufort. The conscientious picket promptly accepted the cash and, 
 without hesitation, agreed to decide in favor of Beaufort. 
 
 A few hours later, in camp, the umpire, on return from picket, formally de- 
 cided in favor of Memphis, whereupon the ten-dollar wager of the Company C 
 man was at once paid over by Sergeant Dunn to the winner. The stakes thus 
 so fairly won were without delay turned over, together with the five dollars, the 
 intended bribe paid the picket umpire by the Company C man. to " Mulzee," the 
 host, who, as treasurer of the syndicate, expended the amount for sutler's goods 
 for a banquet royal in Company I, in honor of the Company C man, the loser 
 of the stakes. At the close of the festivities, " Mulzee " proposed a vote of thanks 
 to the Company C man, whose lost wager on Beaufort had paid the entire ex- 
 penses of the feast, and no one enjoyed the joke more than did the Company 
 C man. 
 
 Death of Captaix Strong. 
 
 Lieutenant James Strong, who fell mortally wounded at the battle of Quaker 
 Road, March 39, 1865, proved a worthy successor to the gallant and lamented 
 Captain McKee. Lieutenant Strong had earned the Captaincy by devotion to 
 duty and distinguished bravery in every battle. Though at home following the 
 humble calling of a coal miner. Captain Strong early developed ability and mili- 
 tary skill of a high order. Whilst being borne off the battlefield mortally 
 wounded, the contest still raging, he bade the members of his Company who had 
 come to his assistance to leave him and return to duty in the ranks, declaring 
 that as his end was so near, they were powerless to help him. Lieutenant Strong 
 was a native of Great Britain. He left a wife and six children to mourn his 
 death. He was popular in the Regiment and beloved by his comrades. He re- 
 marked to Colonel Pearson, who visited him as he lay on the field where his life 
 was fast ebbing away, " Tell my boys that I am proud to die for the dear 
 old flag." 
 
 The fate of Private Joseph Peppard, who was badly wounded and fell into 
 the hands of the enemy in the second battle of Hatcher's Run, January, 1865, 
 and never after to be heard of, was pathetic in the extreme. The wounding and 
 capture of Peppard preyed hard upon his young nephew, " Willie " Montgomery, 
 •who was soon destined to give up his life at Appomattox, on April 9th following. 
 
49-2 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Corporal James S. Phillips met his death at his post on the firing line at 
 Hatcher's Run. February 6, 186.5. After a long and faithful career, partici- 
 pating in twenty engagements, from Antietam to Hatcher's Run, it was peculiarly 
 sad that this brave youth should fall when the close of the war was so near. 
 No more exemplary moral character and example than Corporal Phillips ever 
 displaced in camp, on the march, or in battle, could be found in any other army. 
 All this could also be said of the brave Private Samuel G. Rankin, who fell in the 
 same sanguinary battle. 
 
 On April 1. ISBS, at Five Forks, Color-Corporal Thomas [McCush, a youth 
 of eighteen, fell in battle supporting the colors. He had participated with great 
 credit in every battle of the Regiment. Genial, witty, brave, companionable. Tom 
 McCush was beloved by the entire Regiment. His death in the last battle of the 
 war cast a great gloom over his own Company, where the manly traits of this 
 Irish lad were justly appreciated. He yielded up his young life when the success 
 of our arms and the final victory was in sight. 
 
 No sadder nor more distressing death occurred in the Civil War than that 
 already mentioned of young William Montgomery, a native of Pittsburg, aged 
 but fourteen at the date of his death. The story of this youthful patriot's death 
 is admirably described in a contributed article by Sergeant John H. Kerr, and 
 the reader is referred to the same. 
 
 Sergeant John H. Kerr, after earning deserved promotion to a Sergeantcy 
 in the ranks of Company I. in the great battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, and 
 Chancellorsville. was transferred to the field ordnance department by order of 
 General Humphreys. At Gettysburg, and the campaigns following, down to 
 Appomattox, Sergeant Kerr was always found in the field, attending to the im- 
 portant duties of the position assigned him. 
 
 Sharps HOOTING Experience. 
 
 Sergeant William Logan, after two years' service in 
 the ranks of the Company, accepted a detail with Corporal 
 William Rankin in a newly-formed battalion of sharp- 
 sliooters attached to the Fifth Corps' headquarters. This 
 organization was formed July, ISfU, by order of General 
 \\'arren, and was composed of picked men, for special duty 
 in the trenches and defenses in the siege at Petersburg. 
 The sharpshooters all purchased their own firearms. While 
 on duty, they were given great discretion in selecting posi- 
 tions for their deadly work. In most cases, they acted inde- 
 pendently, keeping always in the advance with skirmishers 
 or near vidette picket posts. On the morning of April 9th, 
 at Appomattox, Sergeant Logan with a squad of sharp- 
 shooters took position on the advanced skirmish line with 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment. He describes 
 the discovery of a group of several Confederate officers in 
 COL -CORP. T. McCusH. P^^""" '^'^'^^ ^"^ withiu easy range. The globe telescopic sight 
 
UNDER THE :\IALTESE CROSS. 
 
 493 
 
 SGT. WILLIAM LOGAN. 
 
 on their weapons were of the finest quaht\- and 
 brought all objects close. His detachment were about 
 ready to pick off the group of ofiicers, when the flag 
 of truce carried by a Confederate courier, was espied 
 crossing toward the Union line. Noticing this action, 
 the sharpshooters withheld their fire, as the appearance 
 of such emblems, by the rules of war, occasioned the 
 suspension of hostilities. They witnessed the ap- 
 proach of the courier to the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment Pennsylvania \'olunteers, on the 
 skirmish line, and the escort of the Confederate truce- 
 bearer by Sergeant-Major ^^'illiam Shore, of that 
 Regiment, through the Union lines. Sergeant Logan 
 also declares that, notwithstanding the passage of the 
 flag of truce through the Union lines, brisk skirmishing by the Confederates and 
 answered by our skirmishers was kept up for some time afterward — until Gen- 
 eral Grififin dispatched Major George ^I. Laughlin, of his personal staff, to 
 deliver the final order to each regiment on the skirmish line to " cease firing." 
 Both armies then suspended hostilities. 
 
 Sergeant Logan learned soon after that the group of Confederate officers, 
 who had but a short time previous so exposed themselves to the sharpshooters' 
 deadly aim, were Generals Longstreet and Gordon, and their staff's, whose com- 
 mands were directly opposite the position occupied b}' the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth and other Fifth Corps Regiments on the skirmish line. These Gen- 
 erals were watching the courier whom they had dispatched with the flag of truce 
 to Lieutenant-General Grant, announcing General Lee's acceptance of the formal 
 terms of surrender proposed in the correspondence between Generals Grant and 
 Lee. 
 
 Corporal diaries Walter was f)ne of the youngest, and also one of the most 
 delicate youths in appearance in the Company at his enlistment. He endured 
 the three years of arduous, strenuous life of active service much better than did ' 
 many of the men appearing to be more stalwart and robust. Weighted down 
 
 with his knapsack and blanket, cartridge bo.x with 
 sixty rounds of ammunition, gun and bayonet, haver- 
 sack and canteen, young Walter stood the long forced 
 marches of the Antietam and Gettysburg campaigns, 
 and straggled less than any other man in the Com- 
 ]iany. His fearlessness in battle attracted the notice 
 of his superiors, and led to his promotion by Colonel 
 Pearson to membership in the Color Guard. There, 
 with the brave Color-Corporals Mackin. Curry. 
 Euwer, AlcCush, Fleming, and McPherson, he served 
 with honor under the intrepid Color-Sergeant, Tom 
 Marlin, from the Wilderness to Appomatto.x. 
 
 CORP. WILLIAM RANKIN. 
 
 Corporal \\'alter relates an interesting reminis- 
 
494 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 COL.-CORP. CHAS. A. WALTERS. 
 
 JOHN C. SIAS AND LEOPOLD WOLL. 
 
 cence from his diary of the roll-call of the Company the morning before reaching 
 the battlefield of Gettysburg, when the forced marches occasioned great straggling 
 among the troops. Captain McKee had General Meade's order to the army read to 
 
 his company. This order severely de- 
 nounced straggling, and threatened the 
 penalty of death to any soldiers guilty of 
 the same to avoid participation in the 
 coming battle. As the roll-call of Com- 
 pany I showed about half the Company 
 absent straggling, being unable to keep 
 
 LIEUT. JAMES D. PEARCE. 
 
 RALPH BRADLEY. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 495 
 
 R. L. WILLIAMSON. 
 
 HENRY W. HEASLEY. 
 
 OLIVER M. HEATH. 
 
 up on the severe marches, Captain McKee, who was not much given to humor, 
 announced to the members of the Company present that, under the orders just 
 read, it was undoubtedly much safer for the men to go into battle with their com- 
 panies where there would be some chance of escape from death, than to straggle, 
 as, under General Meade's drastic orders, stragglers not up for the battle would 
 undoubtedly be shot, there being no chance of escape. 
 
 Among the faithful, brave, and popular comrades of Company I recalled 
 by the writer, as ever-ready for duty in camp and battle, were R. Leander 
 Williamson, wounded at Hatcher's Run ; Leopold and Chris. Woll. Martin L. 
 Walters, H. W. Heasley, Oliver AI. Heath, G. Le Goullon, and the Culbert 
 brothers. 
 
 Ralph Bradley, one of the youngest jirivates, after a service from Antietam 
 to Mine Rini in the field, broke down in health under the strenuous life and was 
 transferred in March, ISfil, to the \'eteran Reserve Corps, in which he served 
 faithfully until honorably discharged. 
 
 Lieutenant James D. Pearce commanded the Company on its final home- 
 ward march and farewell reception and drill in Pittsburg, and in the welcoming 
 
 ROBERT CULBERT. 
 
 SAMUEL CULBERT. 
 
 G. Le GOULLON. 
 
496 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 ceremonies to the Regiment by the municipal authorities. Honored and loved by 
 all of the command for his three years of faithful duty with the Company in the 
 field, no more heartfelt God-speeds or aitectionate farewells were given to any 
 comrade than were bestowed on Lieutenant James D. Pearce by the Company 
 on its disbandment in 1865. 
 
 Officer.s Tkaxsferrei) from Sixtv-second Pexxsvlvaxia \'oluxteers. 
 
 In July, 1864, the return home of the Sixty-second Regiment Pennsylvania 
 \'olunteers, by reason of expiration of the term of service, occasioned the trans- 
 fer to Company I of a Captain, four Sergeants and three Corporals from that 
 regiment. They were all veterans who had re-enlisted, and were tried and true 
 soldiers. This transfer made Captain John T. Bell the last Captain of the Com- 
 pany, and, as stated, he proved an able and brave soldier in command of the 
 Company from July 14, 1864, ta Appomattox, April 9, 1865. 
 
 These transfers from the Sixty-second Regiment, whilst unobjectionable as 
 soldiers or as comrades, proved unjust to many deserving commissioned and non- 
 commissioned officers of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, by retarding their 
 well-earned promotion. This injustice was most noticeable in preventing the 
 well-deserved promotion of Lieutenant Strong, who assumed command of the 
 Company on the death of Captain iMcKee in battle, and also in retarding the 
 well-earned promotion of Lieutenant Pearce, Sergeants John H. Kerr and 
 William Logan, both faithful non-commissioned officers from the organization 
 of the Company. 
 
 CAPT. JOHN T. BELL. 
 
 SGT. THOS. C. ANDERSON. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 497 
 
 Sergeant Thomas C. Anderson, one of the veterans transferred from the 
 Sixty-second Regiment, distinguished himself in battle. He was recommended 
 by Colonel Evving. coniinanding the Regiment, and approved by General A. L. 
 Pearson, Brigade commander, for promotion for gallantry displayed in action. 
 
 The writer regrets his inability so long after the close of the war, and 
 absence of diaries and reminders other than his feeble memory, that he cannot 
 do justice to all the devoted patriots who served in Company I, and touched 
 ■elbows in days gone by; but for further particulars he refers the readers to the 
 carefully compiled and revised Roster of Company I, to be found in the Ap- 
 pendix, as constituting the Company's Roll of Honor. 
 
 Record ExRorxMEXT, Casualties, Etc., of Company I. 
 
 KILLED AND DIED OF WOUNDS. 
 
 Captain Samuel A. JVIcKee, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 First-Lieutenant James Strong, Quaker Road, Va., March 39, 1865. 
 Corporal Francis Thompson, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1863. 
 Corporal Charles Mathews, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1863. 
 Corporal Samuel Keys, Spottsylvania, Va., May 13, 1864. 
 Corporal Thomas McCush (Color-Corporal), Five Forks, Va., April 1, 
 1865. 
 
 Corporal James J. S. Phillips, Hatcher's Run, \'a., February 6, 1865. 
 
 Private Amos Boley, Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864. 
 
 Private Nicholas Biehl, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Samuel J. Denny, Peebles' Farm, Va., September 30, 1864. 
 
 Private William Gold, Peebles' Farm, Va., September 30, 1864. 
 
 Private Alfred Gold, Peebles' Farm, Va., September 30, 1864. 
 
 Private John P. Hardy, Boydton Plank Road, Va., October 37-28, 1864. 
 
 Private James Ingram. Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Lewis Kilgore. Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1863. 
 
 Private William Montgomery, Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865. 
 
 Private Thomas C. Martin, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private John Pearson, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private James A. Rankin. Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Samuel G. Rankin, Hatcher's Run, Va., February 6, 1865. 
 
 Private John Rankin, Jr., Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1863. 
 
 Private George W. Wilcox, Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 
 WOUNDED IN ACTION. 
 
 Private Dennis Andrews, Wilderness, May 5, 1864. 
 Private Charles L. Butterfield, Wilderness. May 5, 1864. 
 Private William G. Clark, Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. 
 Private James G. Conway. Spottsylvania C. H., May 12, 1864. 
 Private Samuel Culbert, Laurel Hill. May 8, 1864, and Gettysburg, July 2, 
 1863. 
 
 Private Robert Culbert, Petersburg, June 18, 1864. 
 
498 UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Private L. Howell Douglass, Spottsylvania C. H.. ]\Iay IvJ, 186-i. 
 Private George L. Graft, Hatcher's Run, February 6, 1864. 
 Private George \V. Haney, North Anna River, !May ;i5, 1864. 
 Private Robert Hunter, Petersburg, June 18, 1864. 
 Private William T. Jones, Five Forks, April 1, 186-5. 
 Private Robert Lambie, Wilderness, Alay 5, 1864. 
 Private Gustavus Le Goullon, Petersburg, June 18, 1864. 
 Private Peter J. Myers, Quaker Road, March 29, 1865. 
 Private John McGary, Petersburg, June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Robert L. Williamson, Wilderness, May 5, 1864, and Hatcher's Run, 
 Februar>' 6, 1865. 
 
 Private Martin L. Walters, Quaker Road, March 39, 1865. 
 Private Leopold Woll, Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862. 
 Private Alichael Zafoot, Peebles' Farm, September 30, 1864. 
 
 MISSING IX ACTION ( KILLED j. 
 
 Corporal Noah Wensell. Spottsylvania, Va., 2\Iay 12, 1864. TWith Sixty- 
 second Pennsylvania Volunteers.) 
 
 Private ^\"illiam P. Brady, Wilderness, Va., j\Iay 5, 1864. 
 Private Silas Henry, Spottsylvania, \'a., ^lay 12, 1864. 
 Private Joseph Peppard, Hatcher's Run, Va., February 6, 1864. 
 Private August H. Yaley, Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862. 
 
 DIED OF DISEASE. 
 
 Corporal Samuel Reynolds — Died October 18, 1864. 
 Private Joseph Adams — Died October 26, 1862. 
 Private Hiram Frantz — Died December 19, 1862. 
 Private James ^IcCluen — Died January 3, 1863. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Total enrollment 157 
 
 Killed and died of wounds 22 
 
 Missing in action 6 
 
 Died of disease 4 
 
 Officers resigned 3 
 
 Discharged for wounds and disabilities 38 
 
 Discharged at expiration of term 2 
 
 Transferred to \'eteran Reserve Corps 12 
 
 Transferred to other organizations 24 
 
 Deserted 9 
 
 ^^eterans and recruits mustered out by General Orders ... 9 
 
 Not on Muster-out Rolls 5 
 
 Wounded in action 19 
 
 Wounded and missing who never joined company 3 
 
 Alustered out with Regiment 23 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 499 
 
 WITH THE COLORS.— REMINISCENCES OF COMPANY K. 
 By Color-Sergeant Thomas J. Marlin. 
 
 T IS not the purpose of the writer to give in historical sequence a 
 story of Company K, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers. The time is coming when the battles and in- 
 cidents of our " Civil War "" will no longer be told by camp-fires 
 and in the home of men having personal knowledge of the " battles, 
 sieges, and fortunes " of those days. To the writer this seems sufficient e.xcuse 
 for these sketches, imperfect as they may be. 
 
 In the spring and summer of 18G2 the writer was at Glade Run Academy, 
 Indiana county, Pennsylvania. Here and- at Dayton, a mile distant, more than 
 two hundred students were in attendance. 
 
 On the 4th day of July, 18G3, a picnic was held on the campus, and later 
 the Reverend George W. ]\Iechlin read from the pulpit of the Presbyterian 
 Church to the large audience, dispatches telling of the " seven days " battles and 
 the retreat of the Union army. Early in August, nine of the students at Glade 
 Run Academy enlisted. The enlistment of the students was largely the work 
 of W. W. Caldwell, afterward Second-Lieutenant of Company K of the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment. 
 
 Risdon De Ford, a preacher, of Pine Creek, Armstrong county, secured a 
 number of recruits in his vicinity and received a commission as First-Lieutenant 
 in the Company. He was not warlike but a good, quiet man, and returned to 
 the ways of peace September 9, 1863. A few men enlisted in Companv K at 
 the instigation of D. Porter Marshall, of Belknap, Armstrong county. Marshall 
 was Sergeant and became Lieutenant and Brevet-Major. He was a giant in 
 size and as good humored as he was big ph)-sically. He was six feet nine inches 
 in height, and when his head rested in the shade of a shelter tent his feet were 
 in the surrounding country. I recall an incident of his army life when he at- 
 tempted the union of two pairs of zouave trousers to clothe himself withal in 
 which the effect was unique, but not conducive to discipline when he led his 
 company to dress parade. 
 
 David Brown was a student of Glade Run, a friend of the writer, enlisting 
 at the same time. He was made First-Sergeant in the organization of the Com- 
 pany, became Second-Lieutenant in room of W. W. Caldwell, and resigned 
 March 9, 1863. 
 
 John Alexander Hastings Foster came to the Company from Rural Valley, 
 Armstrong county, and was the writer's messmate for several months. He was 
 wounded severely in the leg, July 3, 1863, at Gettysburg, and was promoted to 
 Second-Lieutenant in Company K, July 15, 1864. The enlisted men who formed 
 
500 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Company K came together in Kittanning, August "^S and 'i'J. ISfi?. under com- 
 mand of Captain John A. Chne, who became Major of the Regiment, January 
 23, 1865. 
 
 I\Iajor Chne was a brave, conscientious soldier, whose strong ])oints were 
 zeal and fidelity, a clean life, and high courage. He was wounded three times 
 during his service, and was in command of the Regiment at Five Forks and at 
 the surrender at Appomattox. He was mustered out with the Regiment. 
 
 The writer will, at this point, choose a few names from the roll of Com- 
 pany K as types of the citizen-soldier and in doing this he intends no disparage- 
 
 THOS. J. MARLIN, M.D. 
 
 ment to other companies in the Regiment. Frederick Sheckler came into the 
 Company with Lieutenant De Ford's contingent from Line Creek. He was over 
 six feet in height, large-boned, lean of flesh with Roman nose and dark com- 
 plexion. I could have laid my hand on him that day at North Aima River when 
 the minie smote his forehead and his true, brave soul passed on. 
 
 Kosciusko G. Fleming was a country youth from Rural ^'alley. He was 
 a quiet, pleasant, steady soldier. He was with me at Five Forks as color-guard, 
 and was close at my side when shot through the lungs. Fleming settled in 
 Kansas after the war where death came to him suddenlv. 
 
UNDER THE ALALTESE CROSS. 
 
 501 
 
 It was at I-'ive I^'orks wliere that courageous soul, Color-Corporal Tom 
 McCush, of Company 1. gave up his hfe. He had for a long time been identi- 
 fied with the color-guard and for some time carried the United States flag at 
 my side. By order from headquarters, he turned in his flag and resumed his 
 place as color-guard. As we hurried through the thick underbrusli into position 
 in the rear of the Confederates April 1, ISG.j, at Eive Eorks, he said to the 
 writer: "Sergeant, I would rather fight this evening than eat my supper." He 
 was close at my side when shot through the head, and at the same moment, 
 Color-Corporal Fleming was shot through the lungs, and Color-Corporal Harry 
 M. Curry was also wounded. Of the five who were with the colors. Color- 
 Corporal " Archie " Euwer and the writer alone escaped harm that evening. 
 
 LIEUT. RISDON DeFORD. 
 
 LIEUT. D. PORTER MARSHALL. 
 
 Euwer and Curry were boys in looks and years, but trim, steadfast, and always 
 to be counted on. 
 
 Ephraim A. Calhoun was one of the students from Glade Run Academy, 
 who enlisted in Company K. The writer has not known a more courageous 
 or determined character. W'ith \\'m. AlcCullough, he was killed in the battle 
 of the Wilderness. May .">. 1804. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, being in 
 camp at Falmouth, \"a., the writer was detailed, in December, 1SG"2, to the color- 
 guard the day before our movement began toward Fredericksburg. Frederick 
 Sheckler, of whose death I have written, and George M. Smith, both of the 
 pioneer corps of the Regiment, were the only members of Company K save the 
 writer who were in that waste of life known as the battle of Fredericksburg, 
 the rest of the Company being detailed at Acquia Creek Landing. 
 
50-^ 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Fredericksburg. 
 Colonel E. Jay Allen led his Regiment in that battle, his sword waving and 
 his deep voice cheering them on — a heroic figure in a bloody and useless sacrifice. 
 A sunken road, the side of which was crowned by a stonewall, behind this wall 
 Barksdale and his Mississippians, their feet in the road, their guns resting on the 
 wall — such were the conditions that winter evening at the foot of Alarye's 
 Heights. It was the svmken road of Ohaine at Waterloo brought forward a half 
 century. 
 
 In the battle of Fredericksburg the writer was in the rank behind and one 
 file to the right of Color-Sergeant Thomas Wiseman, who carried the colors. 
 His intrepid bearing in battle gave full proof that no mistake had been made in 
 giving him the colors. Corporal Thomas C. Lawson, also over six feet in height, 
 stood at Sergeant Wiseman's right, and as Wiseman fell, caught the flag-staff 
 from his hand. Charles Bardeen, Corporal, Company F, and George W. Brat- 
 ton, Corporal, Company E, and Frank Thompson, 
 Company I, were color-guards, and fell mortally 
 wounded at their posts. 
 
 Sergeant Thomas C. Lawson, of Company H, 
 carried the colors at Chancellorsville and part of the 
 way on the march to Gettysburg, when he became 
 disabled. He rejoined the Regiment on the 3d or 
 1th day of July, at Gettysburg, but went to his Com- 
 pany. H, and was ont afterward identified with the 
 color-guard. He is now practicing medicine in Jef- 
 ferson county, Pennsylvania, at Brookville. 
 
 Two men of Company K were left on the field 
 at Chancellorsville, John A. Fleming and James W. 
 Ha}s. Fleming was instantly killed. Hays desper- 
 ately wounded in mouth and neck, was picked up by 
 the Confederates, returned to us, and made a fair recovery. At the time the above 
 were wounded, our command was receiving a terrible fire from a battery in the 
 field near the Chancellorsville House, and we were, for the most part, lying close 
 to old mother earth. 
 
 The first position of our corps occupied at Gettysburg was in the support 
 of the right of our line of battle at Gulp's Hill. In the afternoon, however, our 
 command was put in position in reserve on the left, near Little Round Top. 
 About 4 p. M., the Third Corps, under command of General Sickles, was fiercely 
 attacked by the enemy, under Longstreet. Into this whirlwind of battle the first 
 Division of the Fifth Corps had already been drawn, and had paid tribute to the 
 fierce assault led by the Confederate General Hood. Our Division, under Gen- 
 eral Ayres, was hurried on to the field to the relief of General Sickles' Corps. 
 
 CORP 
 
 FLEMING. 
 
 Gettvsdurg. 
 General G. K. Warren, Chief Engineer of the Army, who had from the sum- 
 mit of Little Round Top seen the enemy's forces in movement toward Little 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 503 
 
 Round Top, ran clown the slope, and intercepted our brigade under General 
 Weed, which had gone by the right flank toward the wheatfield. Our first 
 division was halted and brought swiftly back to Little Round Top, just in time 
 to meet the flushed and confident foe as they came up aside of that rocky eleva- 
 tion. Here Sergeant Foster, of Company K, was severely wounded in the leg. 
 John Cowan, of Company K, was shot in the bowels and died as a result of the 
 wound. Two others were wounded, Kirkpatrick and Hetrick. A little farther 
 up, General S. H. Weed and General Strong Vincent were killed. Lieutenant 
 Charles E. Hazlett, Fifth United States Artillery, stooping over his friend. Gen- 
 eral Weed, was also killed, and also Colonel Patrick H. O'Rorke, of the One 
 Hundred and Fortieth New York. These brave officers came to their death at 
 the hands of sharpshooters in the Devil's Den. Our line of troops were the first 
 
 LIEUT. J. A. H. FOSTER. 
 
 SGT. EPHRAIM J. CALHOUN. 
 
 to occupy Little Round Top, a most inlportant and strategic point. Weed's can- 
 noniers stopped the enemy's advance and caused their retreat. 
 
 The writer remembers visiting the Devil's Den on the ith of July, and be- 
 hind a large rock, he thinks, there were four bodies in gray all shot in the head — 
 said to have been the work of Pennsylvania Bucktails. 
 
 On the 3d, whilst Pickett's charge and accompanying bombardment was in 
 progress, a battery of steel pieces was planted where our Regiment stood. Our 
 guns had been silent for some time, and no doubt the enemy thought that their 
 purpose had been accomplished and that our artillery was practically silenced. 
 The tremendous character of the firing may be imagined from the fact that it 
 
504 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 JOHN A. FLEMING. 
 
 was distinctly heard in Indiana county, 
 and at my old home. The family heard 
 it plainly, the distance not less than one 
 lumdred and fifty miles. 
 
 When out in the field before our 
 view Pickett's column started on the 
 double-quick, their defiant }-cll was 
 distinctly heard, and a little later we 
 heard the exultant cheer that told that 
 Pickett's charge had failed and that 
 the men who " clutched and held that 
 trembling hill," were equal to the oc- 
 casion. Some days after leaving Gettys- 
 burg, Lieutenant-Colonel Pearson rode 
 down the line of the Regiment and tak- 
 ing the colors gave them to the writer, 
 who carried them during the remainder 
 of our service. 
 
 At Warrenton Juncton, Corporal 
 August Schmuck, of Company K, who 
 had been wounded at Chancellorsville, 
 returned from the hospital. He later 
 
 became a captain of United States colored troops. 
 
 o 
 
 On the 5th day cf ^lay the battle of the Wilderness was opened by Ayers' 
 Brigade. Closer and yet closer the enemy drew 
 towards us. Their yell sounded very near at hand. 
 The cries of the exultant rebels rang through the 
 woods and they burst upon us with yells and curses, 
 
 " Throw down your guns ! Surrender, you ! 
 
 Throw down your colors ! " These demands were 
 lost on the writer, who was making a rapid and 
 strenuous move to get " out of the Wilderness." 
 At the very outset of my dash toward the rear, a 
 comrade and I squeezed in between two small 
 growths of timber in our hurry, and as I pressed 
 against a comrade he sank down, and at the same 
 moment I felt a splash of water on my clothing and 
 glancing down saw that his canteen was in two 
 pieces. The ball had struck his canteen and killed 
 him. They aimed probably at the writer and were 
 within a few feet of the colors at the time. A few 
 moments later the roar of artillery and the crashing 
 of shells among the trees aided our withdrawal. 
 The writer does not recall a time in which he felt 
 in greater peril. Company K had two men killed spencer f. earrett. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 505 
 
 and four wounded. Among the wounded was William F. Cline, a brother of 
 the Captain, a handsome young fellow, who had a good record in the Company 
 as a soldier. The battle of the Wilderness covered a period of twenty-four hours. 
 
 Company Sketches. 
 
 To resume reminiscences of Company K, the writer will here summarize 
 the history of the students who enlisted with him. Calhoun was killed on the 
 5th of May, in the Wilderness. Johnson died of wounds received at North 
 Anna, May 3.5, 1864. McClure died in an ambulance near Falmouth, Va. Mc- 
 Cluskey died of wounds received at Spottsylvania, Va., May 10, 1864. Sergeant 
 John A. Ritchey, discharged for disability, March 29, 1863. Corporal Barrett 
 
 SGT. WM. D. PORTER AND CORP. ROBERT O. CLEVER. 
 
 was mustered out with the Regiment. Corporal A. L. Wilson transferred to 
 Veteran Reserve Corps, July, iyii4. Sergeant T. J. Marlin discharged with the 
 Regiment, 186.5. Three were killed or died of wounds. One died of fever in an 
 ambulance. Of the remaining five, two became ministers, two are in the medical 
 profession and the writer is unable to give the location of Spencer P. Barrett, 
 who was a quiet, faithful, and much respected comrade. At North Anna, Ser- 
 geant Frederick Sheckler was killed instantly. He was standing close behind me 
 and to my right. When the attack was repulsed, I saw him lying dead when I 
 turned about, and it was a shock. He had spoken to a comrade of his premoni- 
 tion of being killed. 
 
 Corporal R. O. Clever, who with others was well up towards the enemy's 
 works in the charge of the 18th of June at Petersburg, fell shot through both 
 
506 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 thighs, but sprang to his feet, and ran back to shelter. The distance from our 
 starting point to the enemy's hne was probably thirty-five rods. In this charge 
 Company K had twenty-four men, and eight of these were killed and wounded. 
 This number was probably the average for each company, as there were twelve 
 killed and sixty-six wounded in our Regiment. I think there were but a few in 
 excess of two hundred men in the Regiment. David OHnger was killed here, he 
 being one of the " Belknap Squad," as was D. C. Kirkpatrick. I have already 
 spoken of R. O. Clever, also of the " Belknap Boys." Sergeant J. D. Arm- 
 strong, another of the " Belknap Comrades," was wounded slightly on the lip. 
 Both these comrades were sergeants, and were models as to discipline and ex- 
 emplary conduct. Samuel Reeseman, a recruit who had been with the Company 
 
 SGTS. D. C. KIRKPATRICK AND J. D. ARMSTRONG. 
 
 twelve days, was shot in the leg. David Ruffner and David Wolf were each 
 shot in the leg, as was also a recruit, John Balsiger by name. The Regiment 
 in this charge was under fire less than five minutes. 
 
 On July '', 1864, the re-enlisted veterans and recruits of the Sixty-second Regi- 
 ment Pennsylvania Volunteers were transferred to the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment. Among these was First-Lieutenant Ben Huey, who took com- 
 mand of Company K, and liecame Captain on the promotion of Captain Cline 
 to Major. Huey was well liked by the men of Company K. 
 
 On the Weldon Railroad raid John L. Ferer, of Company K, a musician, 
 failed to keep up with the command and was made a prisoner. He was ex- 
 changed, and was drowned on his way back to the Regiment. He was one of 
 the smallest men of the Regiment. Five men were missing from the One Hun- 
 dred and Fiftv-fifth as a result of the Weldon Railroad raid. 
 
UNDER THE ALALTESE CROSS. 
 
 50r 
 
 The Regiment was in action March 
 35th, near Hatcher's Run, the Fifth 
 Corps being in support of the Second. 
 Colonel Ewing was severely wounded in 
 the leg at this time, Colonel Pearson be- 
 ing in command of the Brigade. Major 
 Cline, although slightly wounded, as- 
 sumed command of the Regiment. 
 George H. Clever and Samuel Whited 
 were also wounded, the Regimental loss 
 being two killed and thirty wounded. 
 Two recruits of Company K were 
 wounded. The 30th and 31st of March 
 were full of interest and hard work, as 
 we were endeavoring to form a junction 
 with Sheridan's force, our corps having 
 been designated to act with him. On the 
 last day of April, our corps being in sup- 
 port of the cavalry, we were massed op- 
 posite an opening discovered by our 
 scouts (who were riding everywhere in 
 Confederate uniform). Here the writer 
 
 first saw General Sheridan and General Custer. Surrounded by their staff of- 
 ficers, they made a brilliant, martial spectacle. Sheridan looked what he was — 
 over-bearing, dominant — a war lord, interpolated from the middle ages to the 
 Nineteenth century. General Porter tells of a soldier shot through the neck as 
 the rebel works were stormed, and with the blood spouting from the wound 
 fell to the ground. Sheridan shouted at him, " Jump up, you're not much hurt," 
 and the soldier sprang up, ran a few feet and fell dead. The handsome General 
 Custer, with his long, fair hair, splendid dress and tall, strong figure, looked the 
 dashing cavalry officer, that his record proves him to have have been. 
 
 CAPT. BEN HUEY. 
 
 Battle of Five Forks. 
 
 Our Regiment was in bivouac, kneeling and sitting in an expectant attitude, 
 when a volley on our right flank brought us to our feet as one man. Color- 
 Corporals McCush, Fleming, Euwer and Curry were with me around the colors, 
 as a detachment of Confederates broke upon us, their flag waving within a few 
 feet of our own. McCush fell dead ; Fleming fell, shot through one lung ; 
 Curry, who had returned from hospital, where he had gone from a wound 
 received with the colors, was also wounded, and so the writer, actively sup- 
 ported by the remaining color-guard, each supporting the other without question 
 or mental reservation, conducted a rapid and successful movement into the 
 woods behind us. This action on our part was approved, and endorsed by a 
 hearty co-operation on the part of the Regiment. The writer at this point 
 pickerl up a naked Confederate sword which had doubtless been dropped by its 
 
508 
 
 UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 owner when he was captured. There were about a dozen stands of colors, among 
 them those of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. The Regiment was for a short 
 time represented by Sergeant \V. D. Porter, of Company K, and the writer. 
 As the command, full of the spirit of victory, came up. General Warren, riding 
 his familiar gray horse, placed himself in front and we moved forward to a 
 crest of rising ground. Robert Brewster, of Company K, was killed. Corporal 
 Fleming, of Company K, color-guard, and five others of the Company, were badly 
 wounded. Regimental loss was about thirty. At the close of the victorious 
 battle. General Warren was removed from command by General Sheridan. 
 General Grant, who had a deep personal dislike for General Warren, which 
 General Horace Porter says was never accounted for, had sent word to General 
 Sheridan before this battle that if he thought best he could remove General War- 
 ren. Sheridan waited until the battle was fought and won. and then on the 
 excuse that Warren had not moved as soon as he was ordered, removed him 
 from command. Sheridan certainlv knew of the difficult countrv in which the 
 
 ROBERT L. McGAUGHEY. 
 
 CORP. WM. B. RAMSEY. 
 
 CORP. JOHN C. RUSSELL. 
 
 hard-worked infantry did their work so well; he also knew that the entire right 
 of the enemy had been utterly broken — killed, wounded, and captured by the 
 column led by Warren. It was said at the time of General Warren's death in 
 1882, in press notices, that he died of a broken heart. Let us hope that in the 
 undiscovered country these men know each other. 
 
 ArroM.VTTOx. 
 
 The C)ne Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment was now ordered on the skir- 
 mish line at Appomattox under command of Major John A. Cline, and advanced 
 perhaps a mile when met by a L'nion and a Confederate officer, one of whom 
 bore a flag of truce. Major Geo. ^L Laughlin, A. D. C. StatT of General Griffin, 
 commanding the Corps, delivered the orders of the Corps Commander to each 
 Regimental commander to " cease firing." When halted, Appomattox Court 
 House was perhaps twenty-five or thirty rods in front of the center of the Regi- 
 
UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 509 
 
 I ! What battles had been fought, 
 a wilderness of graves flanked 
 
 CALVIN GRAY. 
 
 ment. Thus it came about that the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment was 
 on the skirmish line at Appomattox and 
 through this line the flag of truce came ; 
 also the Brigade in which we were serv- 
 ing received the surrender of Lee's 
 army. 
 
 Homeward ]\L\rch. 
 
 On the return march what a tram]) 
 it was to Washington ! and how nnich 
 of the way was gone over again and 
 again ! 
 what 
 
 and buttressed the way ! What a new 
 and sinister meaning was given to the 
 forests and streams that lay between ! 
 The Potomac, Bull Run, Rappahannock, 
 Rapidan, North Anna, ^latapony and 
 the James. We have camped by all 
 these streams, and, comrades, if you 
 will close your eyes and dream a little, 
 
 as you hear the rush of the Rappahannock or Rapidan, and the soughing 
 of the wind in the cedar and the pine, you the perhaps ready to say that 
 there were some things half pleasant in your army life. All this leads me to 
 say that marching on our return through Hanover, Fredericksburg, and Fair- 
 fax, we camped at last on Arlington Heights about four miles from Washington. 
 We had marched from Richmond to this point in about one week. The march 
 was rapid and exhaustive. The grand review in Washington occurred on May 
 23rd. It was a long, trying march, and the veterans felt willing to dispense with 
 this Review, we had enjoyed so many of them. Yet this Review was a fitting 
 climax. Pennsylvania avenue was a mass of men, women and children to the 
 
 limit of the pavements. Housetops, balconies, 
 porches, doors, windows, platforms, everywhere, a 
 roaring, cheering mass of humanity in gala costume, 
 with flags and banners in such thick profusion that 
 the waving folds of " Old Glory " kissed each other 
 on every hand. The day was beautiful, the air 
 electric with enthusiasm ; and through this exalted 
 and electrifying spirit of the Nation's welcome, there 
 poured the rythmic beat, the steady, continuous 
 " tramp, tramp " of the soldiers, as by company front 
 they moved onward, with bright and glistening arms, 
 their tattered flags and faded clothing telling their 
 story, carrying themselves with somewhat of that 
 JAMES R. HENDERSON. proud Spirit and bearing which marked the Roman 
 
510 UNDER THE AIALTESE CROSS. 
 
 soldier. So these armies came to the capital of the Nation bearing the symbol 
 of law and order — " not a stripe erased — not a single star obscured." June ord 
 we marched to Washington to take train for home. The Thirty-second Regiment 
 Massachusetts Volunteers, long companions in Brigade-camp and in battle, es- 
 corted the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth to the end of " Long Bridge," where 
 they opened ranks, and as we marched through, these tried comrades presented 
 arms and gave us three heartv farewell cheers. 
 
 Record Exrollment, Casu.^lties, Etc., of Company K. 
 
 killed and died of wounds. 
 
 Sergeant Frederick Sheckler — Killed at North Anna River, \'a.. J\Iay "23, 
 1864. 
 
 Private John O. A. Barrett — Died June 3, 1864, of wounds received at 
 Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. 
 
 Private Robert Brewster — Killed at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 
 Private John Cowan — Killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 
 Private John A. Fleming — Killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. 
 
 Private Calvin Gray— Killed at Peebles' Farm, September 30, 1864. 
 
 Private Thomas Hosack — Killed at Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864. 
 
 Private William J. Johnson — Died July 11, 1864, of wounds received at 
 North Anna River. May 25, 1864. 
 
 Private David L. McCloskey — Died June 15, 1864, of wounds received at 
 Spottsylvania, \a.. May 10, 1864. 
 
 Private David C)linger — Killed at Petersburg, Va., June IS, 1864. 
 
 MISSING IN ACTION. 
 
 Private Ephraim A. Calhoun — In Wilderness, \'a.. May 5, 1864. 
 Private William ]\IcCullough — In Wilderness, Va., May 5. 1864. 
 
 DIED OF DISE.VSE. 
 
 Corporal William E. McClure — Near Falmouth. \'a.. November 20, 1862. 
 Drummer James A. Galbraith — Near Falmouth, \'a., March 2, 1863. 
 Drummer John L. Ferer — Drow-ned, April 18, 1865. 
 Private Reuben Barnhart — Died at Washington, D. C, July 5. 1S(S4. 
 Private John Carney — Died March 4, 1863. 
 
 Private lacob Croyle — Died at Stoneman's Switch, Va., December 4, 1863. 
 Private John Campbell — Died at Fredericksburg, Va., Novemlier 9, 1863. 
 Private Benjamin B. Eaton — Died at .\cquia Creek, Va., January 20, 1863. 
 Private Daniel Houser — Died at Stoneman's Switch, Va., January 12, 1863. 
 Private \\'illiam B. Hayes — Died at Fredericksburg, Va., November 19, 1862. 
 Private Isaac L. Moore — Died at Fredericksburg, Va.. November 15, 1862. 
 Private David ^Nlar^hall — Died at Camp Humphreys, Va., February 11, 1863. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 511 
 
 Private Jonathan RoblD — Died in Hospital while in Sixty-second Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteers. 
 
 Private Simon Schrecengost — Died at Frederick, Md., December 7, 1863. 
 
 Private George Sheckler — Died at Stoneman's Switch, Va., February 5, 1863. 
 
 Private George W. Thompson — Died at Washington, D. C., November 29, 
 1863. 
 
 Private Andrew M. Wolf — Died at Philadelphia, Pa., January, 1865. 
 
 Private Benjamin Thompson — Missing from hospital, December, 1864. 
 
 WOUNDED. 
 
 Captain John A. Cline, Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863 ; Bethesda Church, 
 Va., June 3, 1864; Hatcher's Run, March 25, 1865. (All slight.) 
 
 Lieutenant John A. H. Foster, Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. 
 
 First-Sergeant D. B. Kirkpatrick, Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. (Slight.) 
 
 Sergeant John D. Armstrong, Petersburg, June 18, 1864. (Slight.) 
 
 Color-Sergeant Thomas J. Marlin, Petersburg, June 18, 1864. 
 
 Sergeant Robert O. Clever, Petersburg, June IS, 1864. (Severe.) 
 
 Corporal Robert P. Shields, Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. 
 
 Corporal John C. Russell, Laurel Hill, May 11, 1864. 
 
 Corporal Samson Schrecengost, Laurel Flill, May 10, 1864. 
 
 Corporal August Schmuck, Chancellorsville. May 3, 1863 ; Wilderness, Va., 
 May 5, 1864. 
 
 Color-Corporal Kosciusko G. Fleming, Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 {Severe.) 
 
 Corporal George A. Serene. North Anna River, Va., May 23, 1864. 
 
 Private John Adams, Wildei-ness, A'a., May 5, 1864. 
 
 Private John Bolsiger. Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private William Buckley, Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 
 Private ^^'illiam Christman, Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 
 Private William F. Cline, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 
 Private George W. Collins, Quaker Road, Va., March 39, 1865. 
 
 Private Jehu J. Crawford, Laurel Hill, Va.. ALiy 10, 1864; Peebles' Farm, 
 Va., September 30, 1864. 
 
 Private William Elder, Bethesda Church, Va.. June 3, 1864. (With Sixty- 
 second Pennsylvania Volunteers.) 
 
 Private Peter C. Hetrick, Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. 
 
 Private James R. Henderson, North Anna River, Va., May 25, 1864. 
 
 Private James W. Hayes, Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. 
 
 Private James C. Jackson, Peebles' Farm, Va., September 30, 1864. 
 
 Private George Kribbs, Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 
 Private Thomas Kiskadden, Peebles' Farm, Va., September 30, 1864. 
 
 Private Robert L. ^McGaughey, Bethesda Church, Va., June 3, 1864; Peters- 
 burg, Va., June 19, 1864. (Both slight.) 
 
 Private John Pettigrew, Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864. 
 
 Private William Royle, Quaker Road, Va., March 29, 1865. 
 
513 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Private Samuel D. Reeseman, Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 Private William H. Reeseman, Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. 
 Private David H. Ruffner, Laurel Hill, Va., May 10, 1864 (slight) ; Peters- 
 burg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Patrick Rowan, Peebles' Farm, Va., September 30, 1864. 
 
 Private Charles M. Smith, North Anna River, \'a., May 33, 1864. 
 
 Private John Showaker, Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. 
 
 Private Martin V. B. Sproull, Gravelly Run. \'a., March 31, 186.5. 
 
 Private John A. Troupe, Five Forks, Va., April 1. 1865. 
 
 Private William Whited, Laurel Hill, Va., May 10, 1864. (Slight.) 
 
 Private William Wells, Laurel Hill, Va., May 10, 1864. 
 
 Private David Woli, Petersburg, \'a., June 18, 1864. 
 
 Private Samue^ Whited, Hatcher's Run, Va., March 25, 1865. (Slight.) 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Total enrollment 145 
 
 Killed and died of wounds 12 
 
 Died of disease 18 
 
 Discharged on account of wounds and disabilities 35 
 
 Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps 7 
 
 Transferred to other organizations 15 
 
 Mustered out at expiration of term 4 
 
 Deserted 2 
 
 Never joined Company 5 
 
 Mustered out with Regiment 47 
 
 Original members mustered out 36 
 
 Wounded in action 41 
 
 
 
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514 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 We stormed no time-worn castle walls, 
 Nor camped in grand old marble halls, 
 But, on the endless Roll of Fame 
 By deeds of blood we placed a name 
 That will remain till Time's no more — 
 The honored, brave FIFTH ARMY CORPS. 
 
UNDER THE .AL\LTESE CROSS. 515 
 
 THE COLUXEL'S TRIBUTE. 
 
 By Colo.xel Edw.vku Jay Allen. 
 
 IN THE publication of the many volumes that have been issued detail- 
 ing the histories of the companies, regiments and other organizations 
 which made up the Union army it has been usual to prelude such 
 histories by a statement of all the causes that led up to the war 
 and give a condensation of the whole political outlook. 
 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers was 
 a splendid type of the soldiers of the war and was in itself an exemplification 
 of the volunteer system and a proof of its great value. Upon this system rests 
 absolutely the defense of the Republic, in land service. 
 
 In a military service given in time of war without compulsion there must 
 be strong, conscientious convictions to induce the self-abnegation involved in the 
 perils and hardships of warfare. 
 
 In the War of the Rebellion there was thus created a patriotic body of men 
 which had not its parallel in this century. In its ranks there was no distinction 
 of station or caste, wealth or poverty, party or creed. 
 
 The history of such an organization is more than the itinerary of marches 
 made, more than a list of battles fought, more than a record of its killed and 
 wounded. Its marches were the triumphal forward movement of freedom. Its 
 battles, contests in which the right struggled with a great and powerful wrong. 
 Its dead were the martyrs consecrated to Liberty. Its wounded were the living 
 proof of what men dare for humanity, and its ultimate triumph the kindling anew 
 of the great beacon that with a more glorious effulgence illumined the whole 
 earth and lit the way to a larger hope and a fuller life. 
 
 When the survivors of these brave men were mustered out after four years 
 of war and participation in thirty-two battles, there was no interregnum between 
 the soldier and the citizen, but at once they resumed their old or new vocations 
 and developed into all that makes life memorable. From their ranks came men 
 noteworthy in all ways in which men laljor — judges who sat worthily on the 
 bench, attorneys successful in the law. surgeons eminent in their profession, 
 literateurs, chemists, civil engineers, journalists, business men whose abilities 
 made them millionaires, able mechanics, competent men in public office and in 
 places of trust, bankers, ministers of the gospel, financiers, husbandmen and in all 
 places among good citizens, thus both in the field and in ways of peace demonstrat- 
 ing their ability. And greater and nobler than all was their putting aside the soldier 
 completely and utterly, and returning to the simple citizenship from which they 
 came, with unimpaired conceptions of right and increased respect for law and 
 order, and a fuller appreciation of the duty they owed to the great nation they 
 had guarded so well. Rome gave to the admiration of mankind a Cincinnatus. 
 
516 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 idmcl. J^ ^ 
 
UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 517 
 
 The great Republic offers hundreds of thousands of Cincinnati. Such men could 
 not serve as soldiers for the mere love of adventure. Their previous environment 
 had made them averse to war. They had been reared where 
 
 " Peace went tinkling with the shepherd's bell 
 And singing with the reaper." 
 
 The response to President Lincoln's later call to arms was not an impulsive 
 one. It was an issue joined that had long been pending. It was in the air and 
 required no justification. It was the grandest movement the Nation had ever 
 known. Its climax was not foreseen, but there was no other ending possible. 
 
 That the end that caine was the best for all is without dispute. Future his- 
 tory will give the Union soldier fuller appreciation and praise and their names 
 will be recorded as among those who " led all the rest." 
 
 '■ O, veteran in whose gleaming eyes 
 The glory of the past doth shine. 
 In coming years the grandest prize 
 A nation's reverence shall be thine." 
 
 BREAKING HOME TIES. 
 
 By Priv.vte Thom.vs E. AIorgax, Company E. 
 
 The writer's, home in August, 18()2, was West Elizabeth. Allegheny county, 
 Pa. A few days before enlisting, when lacking four months of being seventeen 
 years of age, the writer, with six other boys of Elizabeth Township, got into a 
 slight difficulty, and was arrested for picking berries on forbidden ground. The 
 squire before whom the charge was made notified the boys before serving the 
 warrants. He was a patriotic man, and after telling them how to avoid con- 
 viction and a long temi in the penitentiary, kindly suggested that as Lhicle Sam 
 needed men, if they would enlist at once, he would 
 call the suit oft' and not serve the warrants of arrest. 
 The boys held a meeting, and agreed to follow his 
 advice to enlist immediately. The One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania \'olunteers, then 
 being recruited among the writer's neighbors, was 
 chosen by him for his future military career. That 
 evening he went home and told his mother what he 
 had done. His mother and sisters at first were grief- 
 stricken, and wept at the prospect of his departure 
 for the scenes of war, but they soon became recon- 
 ciled, especially as the warrants for the arrest of 
 the boys were dropped. The mother and sisters at 
 ■once set about getting things ready for the writer's thos e morgan 
 
518 
 
 UNDER THE AIALTESE CROSS. 
 
 BREAKING HOME TIES— OFF FOR WAR. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 31& 
 
 subsequent three years' experience of army life. It is interesting to the 
 writer to recall, how, in their love and affection and in their ignorance of a 
 soldier's wants, they went about this work. A homespun blanket was deemed 
 indispensable ; next two suits of underwear, four pair woolen socks, new shoes, 
 box of blacking and brush, half dozen handkerchiefs, two bars of home-made 
 soap — each the size of a brick — were next added to his stock. These were fol- 
 lowed by half a dozen collars, neckties, looking-glass a foot square, razor, strop, 
 brush, and shaving mug. This latter tickled the writer's boyhood pride, for he 
 hadn't the sign of a hair on his face. The shaving outfit, however, mother and 
 sisters thought he would require before the end of his three years' enlistment. 
 A box of pens, a small morocco portfolio filled with paper and merchandise fol- 
 lowed. Fine home-made pies, made from the stolen berries the boys had picked a 
 few days before, were next contributed, together with a small, sugar-cured ham, 
 and several links of bologna sausage. One of his girl friends also presented him 
 with a photograph album with spaces for twenty-five pictures. The album was 
 filled before the writer left home with photographs and tin-types of friends. 
 Before his departure a horse-pistol and a large bowie-knife were also presented 
 to him by friends. 
 
 Armed for the Fray. 
 
 On a Tuesday morning, September 1, 1863, with some friends, the writer, 
 a veritable arsenal and commissary train combined, embarked at Elizabeth on the 
 boat for Pittsburg. On arriving in the city, a wagon was hired by the 
 writer to take his baggage to Camp Howe, then three miles out of Pittsburg. 
 Here the boys received their uniforms, and the writer had his picture taken, with 
 knapsack, bowie-knife and revolvers with which to kill Jeff Davis, (iot orders 
 next day to pack up and leave for Washington. The march from Camp Howe 
 into the city, three miles with his heavy knapsack, was the most severe the writer 
 ever experienced. He fell out of ranks half a dozen times, overcome with 
 fatigue and the heat, and finally took a bob-tailed horse-car part of the journey. 
 Then came the first tug-of-war for the writer, who looked and felt like an 
 Arabian pack peddler. September 4th, the Regiment arrived at Harrisburg, and 
 marched to Camp Curtin to get guns and ammunition. The Regiment then took 
 the cars for Washington, D. C, and hurried across the Potomac, lying in camp 
 on Arlington Heights for a few days, doing guard and picket duty. 
 
 Standing in line in Washington, awaiting orders for the march, Captain J. 
 B. Sackett, of Company E, viewing the writer's immense knapsack and packages, 
 said, " Young man, you had better go and see if you can get a commissary wagon 
 to haul your goods." Nevertheless the Regiment got started. After much labor 
 the guns were loaded on the march to Antietam. The One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth arrived at Antietam in installments the daj^ after the great battle, having 
 marched all day and night to reach the battlefield in time. The Regiment was 
 new, composed of very fresh troops, and forced marching with heavy knap- 
 sacks and guns and sixty rounds of cartridges, in extremely hot weather, was a 
 severe ordeal. The enemy was driven South and back to Virginia by McClellan's 
 army, leaving behind them their dead and wounded. The Regiment settled down 
 
O-20 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 to camp life and picket duty on the Potomac in Camp McAuley for some weeks 
 following near Sharpsburg. 
 
 Whilst lightening his heavy load on the forced march, the writer called 
 in consultation a few comrades, among them being Private John Crookham, of 
 Company E. As a result of the conference, the boys concluded to hide their 
 knapsacks with their valuable contents by burying them in the thick woods they 
 were then passing through. They dropped out of ranks long enough to dig a 
 pit and to bury both knapsacks and their valuable contents, and covered the 
 same with leaves. They noted the place, hoping, after annihilating Lee's army, 
 to return that way and recover them. So far as the deponent knows they are 
 still hidden, and bid fair to remain buried there until the Resurrection Day, 
 when Crookham and the writer e.xpect to be on hand to claim the valuable con- 
 tents. In the graves of these knapsacks were included the tin-types of their 
 best girls, also the razor, brush, and other articles too numerous to mention; 
 gone, but not forgotten ! 
 
 HOW I FOUND AIY REGIMENT. 
 By W. Stockton Wilsox, Asst. Surgeon. 
 
 In the summer of 1863 the whole North was aflame with patriotic fervor. 
 The disastrous battles of the Peninsula had ended in the " change of base " of 
 the Army of the Potomac from the James River to the defenses of Washing- 
 ton, which was threatened by Lee's army. Pope had superseded McClellan in 
 command, and a call for 300,000 additional troops had been made by the 
 President. 
 
 In every town and hamlet of our State men were being enlisted and com- 
 panies were organizing to fill the State's quota of troops, and the war fever was 
 high. Every country neighborhood and every village already had many of their 
 young men at the front, and now there was a call for still more men. 
 
 In the year preceding I had graduated from a medical college and had now 
 been in the practice of my profession for about a year in a small village in the 
 western part of the State, and was doing very well in a business way, but up to 
 this time I had not thought seriously of entering the army. One day early in 
 September, in looking over a Pittsburg paper, I read an announcement that an 
 examination would be held in Harrisburg on September 11th of candidates for 
 appointment in the medical department of the State troops, which were then 
 being organized. I thought the matter over carefully that day and night, and, 
 without consultation with any of my family, who were many miles away, I 
 started for Harrisburg the next day, and arrived there on the night preceding 
 the examination. This was held in the hall of the House of Delegates in the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 531 
 
 old State House, and there were probably about a hundred medical men from 
 all parts of the State as candidates for appointment. 
 
 The examination dragged through the entire day and evening until about 
 nine o'clock, when the announcement was made that the papers would be ex- 
 amined and the results would be made known by the following night, and also 
 that a number of commissions would be issued immediately to any who would 
 be able to go into the field at once. 
 
 On the morning of the third day I called at the office of the Surgeon-General 
 and found that I was one of those who had passed, and, after some little con- 
 versation, he told me that he could assign me to the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment, which was organized in Pittsburg and was from my section of 
 the State. I expressed my entire satisfaction with the assignment, and he gave 
 me a letter to the United States Mustering Officer, requesting that I be mus- 
 tered in at once as Assistant Surgeon of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regi- 
 ment. In company with several others who had been appointed that morning, 
 I was mustered in about noon, and the rest of the day we spent in changing 
 our citizens' dress to what we conceived to be the uniform of an Assistant 
 Surgeon. 
 
 That night, about ten o'clock, in company with Dr. S , a young man 
 
 from my own county, who had been appointed to one of the nine months' regi- 
 ments, I started for A\'ashington, which we reached, after a tiresome journey, 
 about eight o'clock the next morning. Together we went to the Kirkwood 
 House for breakfast, after which we hunted up the Provost Marshal's office 
 to learn where our regiments were encamped. We were directed to a camp 
 near Alexandria, towards which place we were soon on our way by wav of 
 the ferry, provided with a Provost Marshal's pass. The day was passed in a 
 fruitless search, and towards evening we returned to Washington, tired and foot- 
 sore, to pass the night. The next day's search around the fortifications of 
 Washington was without result, but, as we had left our hand-baggage at the 
 hotel, we were relieved of that burden. 
 
 We were finally informed at the War Department that our commands were 
 on the march to join the Army of the Potomac in Northern IMaryland. A rela- 
 tive of mine, who had lived in Washington for a number of years, told me that 
 he knew personally a market man who brought produce to the city every week, 
 who lived near Frederick City, and that he would start for home late that after- 
 noon. We hunted him up, and he agreed to take me with him as far as he went. 
 
 Dr. S concluded to stay in Washington until he could locate his regiment 
 
 more definitely, but I took my seat in the wagon and we started on our journey. 
 That night we stopped in the village of Rockville, where I slept in a comfortable 
 bed in the hotel with the driver. After breakfast next morning we started again. 
 Before noon we had overtaken the crowd of stragglers that usually follows in 
 the rear of a marching column. The sun was hot, the air was filled with dust, 
 and the road was strewn with blankets, overcoats and the other personal belong- 
 ings of the tired-out soldiers. By noon we could hear the sound of heavy firing 
 toward the river northward, indicating that a battle was in progress. We forged 
 ahead steadily, and toward nightfall we arrived in the neighborhood of the 
 
o3-2 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 driver's home, which was about a mile off the main road. He invited me to go 
 with him and spend the night, but I determined to go ahead and try to over- 
 take the regiment, which by this time, I had learned from some soldiers, was 
 not far ahead of me, and that I would soon come upon it in camp. 
 
 Taking my hand trunk, I started off on foot, and, after walking a few miles, 
 I crossed the Monocacy River and almost immediately came upon some troops 
 in a field just off the road. I soon learned that my regiment was in the camp, 
 and was conducted to it by an obliging young soldier, who said that he belonged 
 to it. By this time it was quite dark, and my guide led me to a group of officers 
 who were standing around a brightly blazing fire, one of whom the young 
 soldier said was the Colonel. 
 
 With my hand-trunk in my grasp, and with a light linen duster over my 
 uniform, we walked up to the group and I asked for Colonel Allen. A bright- 
 eyed, black-whiskered officer, wrapped in an army overcoat, rose from a cracker 
 box on which he was seated, saying that he was Colonel Allen. I told him that 
 I had been ordered to report to him, but gave no further explanation. 
 
 Introduction to Colonel Allen. 
 
 He looked at me for a moment, and as my garb did not indicate that I was 
 a soldier, he supposed (as he afterwards told me) that I was a citizen sent to 
 place him under arrest, and that my conductor was a guard. " All right," said 
 the Colonel, " we will take care of you : " and he directed a young officer near 
 him to take charge of me. The officer came over to where I was standing, and 
 I said to him that I had been looking for the regiment for several days, and 
 was quite relieved to find it, and that I had been appointed to it as Assistant Sur- 
 geon. This announcement changed matters considerably, and my reception by 
 the group of officers was most cordial. This was my introduction to Colonel 
 Allen and Adjutant Montooth. 
 
 The Adjutant sent for Hospital Steward Thorn, and I went off with him 
 to his quarters. As I had fared pretty sumptuously during the day while on 
 the wagon, I was not suffering from hunger, but Thorn made me a cup of 
 coffee and set up his " hardtack " for an evening meal. This was my first taste 
 of army fare. After I had eaten, he made a bed for me and himself on the 
 floor of a little two-wheel ambulance, in which he was carrying a few medical 
 supplies. Before going to bed for the night, we sat by the fire and talked, en- 
 deavoring to become acquainted. In a short time the camp quieted down, and 
 we crawled into the ambulance to sleep. The floor was hard, and we had only 
 one blanket under us. In order to be sure that he would still have his horse in 
 the morning, Thorn had tied him to a wheel of the ambulance and had thrown 
 some hay before him on the ground. The flies or mosquitoes were annoying him, 
 and he kept up a continual stamping on the ground and pulling at the halter, 
 so that the ambulance was almost constantly in motion, making sleep impossible. 
 Finally, tired out and exhausted, I dropped into a doze, and did not awaken 
 until Thorn called me in the morning. I got up feeling sore and unrefreshed, 
 and, washing my face and hands in a camp kettle, sat down to wait for the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
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524 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 breakfast which Thorn and some helpers which he had gathered about him, 
 were endeavoring to prepare. While waiting, a tall, greyish-mustached officer 
 came up to me and greeted me pleasantly, saying that he had heard that the 
 doctor had arrived and that he had come to call on him. After a little con- 
 versation, he invited me to go with him for breakfast, as he had more hardtack 
 than he could eat at one meal. I thanked him and went with him, and enjoyed 
 the breakfast as'much as was possible for one not accustomed to army rations; 
 but I appreciated still more the wann, generous heart that thought of me in my 
 isolation. As long as he lived, he was one of my warmest friends, and it was 
 with a heavy heart, on a June night almost two years afterward, that I helped 
 to lay Captain Samuel A. McKee, of Company I. in his grave in a field near the 
 roadside in front of Petersburg. Captain McKee died leading the Regiment in 
 a " forlorn hope " charge on the enemy's works. June IS, 1864. 
 
 First Sick Call or Faith Cure. 
 
 After breakfast, the sick call was sounded, and soon a number of soldiers 
 were brought by their First-Sergeants to the medical quarters, which was the 
 little ambulance. In looking over the stock of medicine that had been supplied 
 to the Regiment, I found that the variety was rather limited. Alost of the sick- 
 ness so far among the men was such as is occasioned by the use of improper or 
 badly cooked food, or from exposure to the weather. I listened to all their 
 complaints with the patience of a new beginner, and prescribed for their ailments 
 to the best of my ability from the limited supply of medicines — although, I fear, 
 that sometimes the one who was suffering from digestive disorder would get his 
 medicine from the same bottle as the man who was complaining of rheumatism. 
 
 The next day was fought the battle of Antietam, and late that afternoon 
 we were ordered to march. We passed through Frederick City just before night- 
 fall, and soon we commenced the toilsome march up the South Mountain, which, 
 I think, not one of those who was there will ever forget. The road was crowded 
 with troops, and the progress was slow. Thorn was driving the little one-horse 
 ambulance, and he had it pretty well filled with the knapsacks and other accoutre- 
 ments of tired-out soldiers, and soon on top of them were stowed four or five 
 men who thought riding would be preferable to walking. The horse was over- 
 burdened, and the fagged-out animal could scarcely pull the load. I begged the 
 men to get out and walk, but they would not move. Finally I told Thorn to 
 stop by the roadside, and going forward beside the horse I unbuckled the 
 belly-band of the harness and tilted the ambulance, and all the contents were 
 spilled out as from a cart. We told the passengers that the harness was broken, 
 and we would have to stay where we were until morning. In a short time the 
 men concluded not to wait, and started on their weary climb up the mountain. 
 After an hour's rest, we replaced the load on the ambulance and resumed the 
 march, overtaking the Regiment some time in the morning, near the Antietam 
 creek. 
 
 During the day the Regiment w^as kept almost constantly on the move and 
 under arms, and that night we slept on the ground on the bloody field of Antie- 
 
UNDER THE AIALTESE CROSS. 
 
 525 
 
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526 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 tarn. A few days picket duty along the river followed, upon the termination of 
 which we went into camp, sleeping mostly on the ground, and with no shelter at 
 night or day but the sky above us. 
 
 Many succumbed to disease, and the facilities for taking care of the sick 
 were but meager. Bams and farmhouses were filled with the wounded, who 
 were removed as rapidly as possible to the general hospitals in the northern 
 cities, but their places were rapidly taken by the ?ick. and when the army moved 
 across the river in October. I was one of the number left behind in a farmhouse, 
 sick with malarial fever. 
 
 \\'hen I rejoined the Regiment a few weeks later they were encamped near 
 Warrenton Junction. From that time onward my service with the Regiment 
 was almost continuous until after the capture of the \\'eldon Railroad in the 
 fall of 1864, soon after which I was promoted and assigned to the Two Hun- 
 dred and Tenth Pennsylvania Regiment as Surgeon. 
 
 Out of the shadowy past come many memories, some tinged with sadness, 
 but many that are pleasant, and I shall always feel the pride that each one of 
 us shares, that we were members of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Penns}'!- 
 vania Volunteers. 
 
 THE RISE AND FALL OF AX " ORDERLY." 
 Bv Private John T. Porter, Company H. 
 
 In Company E. of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Vol- 
 unteers, there was a young private soldier who will be recognized as this sketch 
 proceeds. On enlistment, he was lacking two months of seventeen years. He 
 was guileless, and so innocent that he frequently found himself in custody of 
 the Provost Guards for some trifling breach of military rules. 
 
 When the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment was organized in Pitts- 
 burg, the young warrior acquired a most exaggerated idea of its importance. 
 To him the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania \'olunteers was the 
 banner Regiment of the whole army. He felt confident, as did many of his 
 companions, that as soon as General Lee was informed of the departure of this 
 body of fighters for the seat of war, he would either surrender his army at once 
 or retreat hastily to the defenses at Richmond. 
 
 The great ovation which the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment re- 
 ceived on the march from Camp Howe to the Union Station on the memorable 
 September 3d, the day of its departure from Pittsburg; the farewell gifts of 
 flowers and tender kisses of sweethearts, the sandwiches, pies, cakes, etc., so lav- 
 ishly bestowed upon the members of the Regiment were nothing more, this bud- 
 ding patriot thought, than the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth had a right to expect. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 527 
 
 No other Regiment had been, or deserved to be, in his opinion, entitled to sO' 
 great consideration. Much to the recruit's surprise, very httle attention was paid 
 to the Regiment on 'the trip from BaUimore to Washington. He attributed this 
 neglect to the ignorance of the inhabitants of that part of Maryland, and con- 
 soled himself with the belief that President Lincoln, with whom he as a boy 
 had shaken hands at the Monongahela House, Pittsburg, when the President 
 was en route to be inaugurated, would certainly meet the famous Pittsburg 
 Regiment with the Marine Band and the usual cavalry escort. The comrade 
 thought that cordially greeting and welcoming new regiments arriving in Wash- 
 ington was the principal part of the official duty of President Lincoln, Secretary 
 Stanton, and Cabinet officers in the work of " putting down the Rebellion." In 
 imagination the comrade saw himself cordially grasping the hand of the Presi- 
 dent at the Station, and earnestly assuring him that no further fears for the 
 safety of the Capital need be felt now that the intrepid One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment had arrived. Bitter, therefore, was the young soldier's disap- 
 pointment on discovering that neither Lincoln, Stanton, nor anyone else, official or 
 citizen, white or black, met the Regiment on its arrival at the Capital. How- 
 ever, concluding how sadly the President must be oppressed by the recent retreat 
 of Pope's army to the very gates of Washington, a feeling of sympathy arose in 
 the young soldier's heart, and he magnanimously forgave the President and his 
 Cabinet for their apparent neglect to welcome the heroic One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth. 
 
 Soldier's Retreat. — Plain Diet. 
 
 In marked contrast to the sumptuous feasts and toothsome delicacies of the 
 home bills of fare which the boys of this Regiment had previously enjoyed was 
 the extremely shabby food served to the Regiment at the " Soldiers' Retreat," 
 the morning of its arrival in Washington. The menu consisted of very black 
 cofifee, very hard hardtack, and very, very salt pork. Such fare was utterly un- 
 palatable and disappointing to the appetite of our hungry hero and his com- 
 panions. No milk, sugar, butter, pepper, mustard, or other condiments ac- 
 companied this " quick and dirty " lunch, the first served by Uncle Sam to this 
 gallant and hungry Regiment. He suggested that an indignation meeting should 
 be held at once to denounce the tender of such a meal to such a regiment of 
 patriots. Private James P. O'Neill, also of Company E, left the " Soldiers' 
 Retreat " with the hungr)- hero to procure food fit for human consumption. 
 They soon found the Washington market in full operation, and they at once 
 enjoyed a delicious breakfast of " fruits in season," peaches, melons, and can- 
 taloupes, together with coffee with sugar and cream, pies, buns, also with knives 
 and forks with which to handle an excellent steak. The two boys, having gorged 
 themselves, strolled out on the muddy, unpaved street called Pennsylvania ave- 
 nue, to visit the White House in hopes of securing a personal interview with 
 President Lincoln. They did not find the President, but soon made an unex- 
 pected acquaintance of an important individual for whom thev were not looking. 
 The United States Regulars — the Provost Guards of W'asliington — were always 
 
538 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 scouting for just such straggling soldiers as the two boys whom they captured. 
 Having no military " passes," the boys were immediately placed under arrest for 
 being out of camp without " passes." Up to this time these boys had never 
 heard of " passes," or their use. The prisoners had a prompt hearing. On 
 being informed that they, with the noble One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, 
 had arrived from Pittsburg only that morning, the lenient Provost-Marshal dis- 
 charged them, directing, however, that the " Innocents Abroad " should be es- 
 corted under guard to the " Soldiers' Retreat," which they had left two hours 
 before. 
 
 To their utter consternation, when reaching the " Soldiers' Retreat," the 
 
 'HOW-DYE-DO, GENERAL?' 
 
 boys learned that the Regiment, with bag and baggage, had been suddenly 
 called upon to move to the front across the Potomac, to report to Camp Chase, 
 on Arlington Heights. The two recruits, being total strangers and lost in Wash- 
 ington, in dismay begged the provost-guard to stay with them. The latter, in 
 pity, escorted the boys to Camp Chase, where, after a hot, thirsty, dirty, weary, 
 and also hungry and toilsome tramp of several miles, they found their lost knap- 
 sacks, muskets, cartridge boxes, etc., all safe in the Company's tents. 
 
 The Regiment, which was assigned to Humphreys' Division, then entered 
 on a series of forced marches from Washington, through Maryland, on to An- 
 tietam, arriving there a day after the battle. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 529 
 
 Promoted to " Orderly." 
 
 The Regiment was getting comfortably settled in the routine of camp life 
 at Antietam when one day an order came to detail a responsible man for duty 
 as " Orderly " at Division headquarters. Adjutant Montooth, of the Regiment, 
 was as new and as fresh in his military knowledge and experiences as was any 
 of the fresh recruits from whom he had to select for this important detail. 
 
 The soldier of Company E, the subject of this sketch, was by name ordered 
 by Adjutant Montooth to report for this duty. The young soldier first reported 
 to the Adjutant and inquired for information as to what were the duties of an 
 Orderly. The Adjutant replied that he really did not know, but supposed the 
 duties would be to keep things clean and orderly about the Division headquarters. 
 The new Orderly mutinied on being thus informed, and promptly declined the 
 honor, saying that if the detail meant that he was to black boots, wash dishes, 
 or clean cuspidors for General Humphreys or any other officer, he would return 
 home at once ; that he hadn't enlisted for any such duties. Adjutant Montooth 
 
 FIRST LESSON IN MILITARY MANNERS, "SALUTE TO SUPERIORS." 
 
 advised the young " Orderly " to give the position a trial, assuring him that he 
 would be under the immediate eyes of the Division General and other distin- 
 guished officers, and that his chances for promotion would, therefore, be 
 excellent. 
 
 The young Orderly thereupon went to the Division headquarters to re- 
 port. He entered the office of the Adjutant General without saluting, and quite 
 familiarly greeted that important officer with a pleasant " Good morning, sir ; " 
 at the same time extending his hand to the official for a shake to show the 
 friendly feeling he felt for Uncle Sam's officers. The Adjutant General, who 
 
530 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 was famous as a martinet, with a look of surprise and disgust, turned and eyed 
 the raw recruit from Company E, and in rough tones accompanied with pro- 
 fanity, inquired with emphasis, " Who are you ? " The recruit mildly answered, 
 " Why, sir, I am the Orderly detailed here for duty." The Adjutant General 
 continued in indignant tones, "You are, are you? Don't you know enough to 
 salute your superior officer when you come into his presence? " Undaunted, the 
 recruit answered, "It is only one week since I left home in Pittsburg; I have 
 never learned anything about military affairs except to be civil." This mild re- 
 sponse to the officer's harsh greeting apparently softened the heart of the Ad- 
 jutant General, who graciously proceeded to instruct his visitor in the duties 
 of an Orderly. At the same time, he showed him how to assume the position 
 of a soldier, and also the attitude on the call to " Attention." He further in- 
 structed the young Orderly in the form of salutes required by the army regula- 
 tions in addressing superior officers. 
 
 Attention ! Orderly Gets Busy. 
 
 The Adjutant General then directed his newly-installed Orderly to take 
 a position about two yards outside the large marquee tent occupied by Division 
 headquarters, there to await further orders. The young Orderly soon heard the 
 call of "Orderly!" shouted by the Adjutant General. He responded promptly, 
 not forgetting the proper salute. He was commanded by the Adjutant General 
 to go immediately to the camp of the One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Pennsyl- 
 vania Regiment, and to deliver to Colonel M. S. Quay, the commanding officer, 
 a message that the Adjutant General of the Division, " sends his compliments " 
 and requests that Colonel Quay report immediately at Division headquarters. 
 
 The new Orderly, now duly impressed with the importance of this position, 
 felt every confidence that he could easily perform duties so simple. On arriving 
 at Colonel Quay's headquarters, the new Orderly properly saluted Colonel Quay 
 as he entered his tent, and delivered the message verbatim as instructed. 
 
 " All right," was the answer of Colonel Quay, who was engaged at the time 
 with a party of officers in a friendly game of euchre. 
 
 Our Orderly, returning to the Division headquarters, failed to make a 
 formal report to the Adjutant General, as was his military duty. 
 
 After half an hour had elapsed, " Orderly ! " was again shouted by the 
 Adjutant General. 
 
 The Orderly appeared, and taking the position of " Attention," saluted the 
 Adjutant General. " Did you inform Colonel Quay that he was wanted imme- 
 diately at these headquarters?" asked the Adjutant General. "I did, sir," was 
 the Orderly's reply. 
 
 " Well, why did you not report to me when you returned? " asked the Ad- 
 jutant Gereral." " I had no orders to report, sir," was the answer. At this 
 reply, the Adjutant General was on the verge of a violent outburst of profanity, 
 but allowing his eyes to travel over the young Orderly from feet to head, he sud- 
 denly subsided, saying not a word. Language had evidently failed him. 
 
 After taking a brief rest, the Adjutant General soon called the Orderly 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 531 
 
 again. This time he instructed the Orderly to go at once to Colonel Quay's 
 headquarters and tell the Colonel — using violent profanity — " that if he doesn't 
 report immediately at these headquarters there will be h — 1 to pay." 
 
 The Orderly promptly started off on this pleasant mission, but instead of 
 delivering the message to Colonel Quay in substance as the Adjutant General 
 supposed the Orderly would do, the latter performed his duty literally, as he 
 thought right. The Orderly addressed Colonel Quay with the proper military 
 salute, and repeated to him to the best of his memory the profanity and message 
 verbatim, concluding as follows: "Colonel Quay, the Adjutant General says 
 that, ' If you don't report at Division headquarters immediately, there will be 
 h — 1 to pay.' " 
 
 This vehement message from a Captain to Colonel Quay, his superior in 
 rank, had the desired effect. Colonel Quay at once ordered his horse to be sad- 
 dled and bridled. The Orderly promptly returned to his post for report to 
 Division headquarters, not forgetting on this occasion to report compliance with 
 orders. He then resumed his position, blissfully unconscious of having done any- 
 thing not in strict accordance with military regulations. 
 
 Colonel Quay soon arrived at Division headquarters, and had a stormy in- 
 terview with the Adjutant General over the delivery of the Orderly's message. 
 After the departure of Colonel Quay, the Adjutant General called the Orderly to 
 liis tent, and with eyes and manner expressing the utmost disgust and indigna- 
 tion, asked the Orderly to what regiment he belonged. On being informed, the 
 officer said, " Orderly, you are relieved from duty at these headquarters. Go 
 back to your regiment," he added, " and tell your officers that if there are any 
 more blankety blank fools there to keep them in the regiment, and not send them 
 out of camp to make shows of themselves." 
 
 RETURN TO COMPANY IN DISGRACE. 
 
53-2 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 And thus prematurely terminated the promising career, and the fond hopes 
 of promotion of an Orderly, detailed for duty at headquarters of Humphreys' 
 Division, Fifth Corps, Army of the Potomac. 
 
 The youthful r)rderly succeeded in soon after securing an important detail 
 as guard over horse stockade, with results described in the following article : 
 
 QUAY'S QUANDARY. 
 Bv Private John T. Porter, Company H. 
 
 The discomfiture felt bv Captain J. B. Sackett, commanding Company E, 
 that one of his most promising recruits should be returned in disgrace for in- 
 competency as orderly at Division headquarters was shared by the entire Com- 
 pany, if not, indeed, by the entire Regiment. 
 
 Soon after the young orderly's experience at Division headquarters, a call 
 from Company E for a detail of one man to serve as guard over the stockade 
 at Division headquarters was received. Out of sympathy for the late orderly's 
 disappointment and treatment by the Adjutant General of the Division, it was 
 deemed but proper to give the young soldier another chance to redeem himself 
 by having him report for the supposed much simpler duties of standing guard over 
 the gate of the horse and mule corral at Division headquarters. The young 
 
 man accordingly so reported, and went 
 on dut}'. 
 
 New Trial Granted an Orderly. 
 
 Neither Colonel Allen. Captain 
 Sackett, Adjutant Montooth, nor the 
 corporal of the guard in charge gave the 
 recruit thus assigned a particle of in- 
 structions as to his duty, even if they 
 were infomied of what the duties were. 
 Pl can be said with truth, however, that 
 if there was any duty, this youth, but 
 ten weeks out of his citizen's clothes, did 
 not know, it was that of doing guard 
 service at the gate of a horse and mule 
 svockade. No countersign to get in or to 
 get out, or around the stockade was 
 communicated to the new cattle guard, as 
 he entered on what subsequently proved 
 tc him to be most important and serious 
 duties. The absence of instructions to 
 
 COL. M. S. QUAY. 134TH PA. VOLS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 533 
 
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534: UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 the inexperienced guard from Company E led to a highly interesting experience 
 the very first " relief " on which it fell to his lot to stand guard, going on duty 
 as early as 5 a. m., the morning being quite foggy. The whole army had broken 
 camp, General McClellan having ordered a move. Colonel M. S. Quay, com- 
 manding the One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Pennsylvania Regiment, discov- 
 ered that some one had stolen his fine steed from its stables the night before. 
 Great was the Colonel's excitement over the loss of his private charger. 
 
 Intensely anxious. Colonel Quay was then offering a " kingdom for a 
 horse," as, of course, he did not desire to be left behind on the first forward 
 movement. He directed his orderly at once to make diligent search about the 
 camp and vicinity, and especially to search for the valuable horse in the gov- 
 ernment stockade now guarded by the late heroic orderly of Company E, where 
 it might have been impounded. 
 
 Quay's orderly was innocently permitted by this vigilant guard to search the 
 horse-pen, and an animal was soon discovered which the orderly of Colonel 
 Quay thought his commanding officer could ride with great dignity. He asked 
 the guard's permission to deliver this horse to Colonel Quay, which request was 
 promptly granted, and Quay was enabled to resume the forward march. 
 
 Later in the day Colonel Quay had gotten over several miles on horseback 
 when the inquisitive Division Quartermaster, who was in search of missing 
 United States Government horses, discovered that the fine animal which Quay 
 was riding was branded with the letters " U. S. " of very large size, indicating 
 government ownership. Several other volunteer officers had purchased, or in 
 some mysterious way, had secured government animals a short time before. 
 All of which transactions were contran,' to articles of war and army regulations. 
 
 Of course, these regulations or articles of war had never been explained to 
 the new guard of the horse-pen. He, however, had taken a receipt from Colonel 
 Quay's orderly stipulating that the noble steed was to be returned to the stock- 
 ade at any time the government needed the same more than Quay did. 
 
 Hunt for Missing Horse and Missing Orderly. 
 
 General Humphreys, the Division commander, was quite a martinet in dis- 
 cipline. The sword of Colonel Quay and several other officers, on complaint of 
 the Division Quartermaster for having government horses in their possession, 
 were taken from them, pending preparations for court-martial proceedings. The 
 innocent guard of Company E, on duty at the stockade when the horse was 
 taken, had returned to his company, not having deemed it necessary to report 
 anything about the Quay horse transaction. There was, therefore, at first as 
 much difficulty in locating him as there was to find Quay's lost horse. 
 
 Private John F. Hunter, of Company C, was at this time the private and 
 confidential orderly of General Humphreys. To him the problem of discover- 
 ing the missing stockade guard was intrusted by his chief. Comrade Hunter 
 had been so frequently called upon by the Division General to demand swords 
 and to place under arrest oflfending officers and men for breaches of discipline 
 that he might well be called an expert. He immediately paid an official visit 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 535 
 
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536 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 to the One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Regimental 
 camp, and secured a guard to arrest Quay's orderly 
 on the Division Quartermaster's complaint of 
 horse-stealing. The orderly at once turned " state's 
 evidence," and implicated by name, company, and 
 regiment, the young stock guard of Company E, 
 who was on duty the morning the United States 
 government horse was taken for Colonel Quay 
 from the government stockade. Orderly Hunter's 
 stern sense of military duty did not allow him to 
 shield, or even to exhibit the slightest sympathy 
 with the young stock guard of his Regiment, who 
 iiad served for months with him in the Park 
 Zouaves, a famous home-guard organization which 
 had served as a military kindergarten school for 
 recruits in Pittsburg the first year of the Civil 
 War. Quay's orderly and the late stockade guard 
 were promptly marched as prisoners to the Division 
 headquarters under heavy guard. A cordon of 
 armed guards, under command of Sergeant 
 William Shore, was placed over the " accused," 
 to prevent their escape, and the possible general 
 delivery of the remaining horses in the government stockade. 
 
 JOHN F. HUNTER, 
 Orderly to Gen. A. A. Humphreys. 
 
 Humphreys' Court-m.'^rtial. 
 
 The next morning the two prisoners were marched to Division headquarters 
 for their hearing. There the stern General Humphreys presided. The state- 
 ment of Colonel Quay's orderly that he had only borrowed the temporary use of 
 the Government horse was at first received with doubts. This was followed by 
 the production of the following receipt taken from the blouse pocket of the 
 accused stock guard of Company E. It was offered and admitted without ob- 
 jection as corroborative evidence: 
 
 (copy) Near White Plains, Va., 
 
 Nov. 30, 1862, 5 a. m. 
 Received of the United States one bay horse with letters " U. S." branded 
 on left hind flank, delivered to Col. M. S. Quay, Comdg. 134th Regt. Pa. Vols, 
 to replace his own horse lost or stolen. This horse now turned over to Col. 
 Quay to be returned at any time on demand of Gen. A. A. Humphreys, Division 
 commander 3d Division, Fifth Army Corps, Army of Potomac. 
 
 (Sgd.) M. S. Quay by J. R. Swan, 
 
 His Orderly. 
 
 The accused stockade guard, with fresh recollection of the austerity of the 
 Division General and the atmosphere of profanity prevailing among his staff 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 537 
 
 as observed on his recent experience as orderly at Division headquarters, made 
 him, in the presence of the Division Commander and his Adjutant General, during 
 their examination, feel that his fate would be either banishment to the Dry Tor- 
 tugas for life, and if murmured at for severity, that ten years would be added 
 to the sentence, for allowing Colonel Quay's orderly to take a United States gov- 
 ernment horse from the government corral without permission of the Division 
 Quartermaster, a highly criminal offense under military law. 
 
 The Division General, however, to the great joy of the accused, was in 
 excellent humor. After questioning the guard as a witness as to how long he 
 had been in United States service, and ascertaining that he was a recent recruit, 
 ordered the dismissal of the complaint against Colonel Quay of having " illegal 
 possession of government property." In making the order, the Division General 
 added that the stockade guard and Colonel Quay's orderly were also discharged 
 from arrest. General Humphreys stated to General Quay, who was present, that 
 the precaution of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth guard in exacting a formal re- 
 ceipt for the use of the horse was most fortunate in saving the Colonel from the 
 humiliation of a court martial. The General facetiously concluded by adding that 
 the young stockade guard had demonstrated excellent qualifications for a future 
 quartermaster. 
 
 Colonel Quay, it may be remarked, never forgot this episode in his military 
 career. One of his last letters was written from his sick bed in 1904, as United 
 States Senator, to President Roosevelt cordially asking for the appointment of 
 the same stock guard of 1863 to the position of United States Judge of Porto 
 Rico. 
 
 THE 166TH GUARD. 
 
 THE BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG. 
 By Henry F. We.'Wer, Corporal Company B. 
 
 It is early morning on the 13th day of December, 1863, near Fredericks- 
 burg, Va. The morning is misty and the air is cold. We have hurriedly made 
 our coffee. The cannonading from our heavy guns on the east side of the 
 
538 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Rappahannock River in front of the town has not been so heavy as yesterday, but 
 one or two sharp volleys of musketry to our right indicate that a portion of the 
 infantry is engaged. We are camping in a ravine : we do not know exactly where, 
 but we do knozv that we are near Fredericksburg ; that a battle is in progress ; and 
 that we may be ordered into action at any moment. Our Division changes its 
 position to what appears to be a large plain, from which we can view the enemy's 
 batteries and a part of the town of Fredericksburg. It is apparently from a mile 
 and a half to two miles from our position to the Rappahannock River, which is 
 between us and the town. 
 
 As the day wears away, the big balloon which has been making frequent 
 ascensions during the day is hauled down and packed away. The enemy's smaller 
 batteries are now being served rapidly and repHed to vigorously by ours, while 
 an occasional volley of musketry is heard. As the noise and din increases, the 
 order comes at last, " Fall in ! " and we are about to meet the enemy for the 
 first time. As we are massed to hear orders, we hear for the first time the voice 
 of our Division commander, General A. A. Humphreys, addressed to us as a 
 division. " .Soldiers," he says, " you are the reserve division of the army. 
 Yonder (pointing to the rebel batteries) are the enemy's batteries. It remains 
 with you to go in and take them and the day is won. Forward ! " There is a 
 feeling of pride and confidence in the General's voice, and as he finishes speak- 
 ing and gives the order, cheers greet him and good feeling is at once established 
 between the '' veteran and imperturbable commander " and his division. 
 
 Having never been in action, what our General says seems comparatively 
 easy of accomplishment. Ah ! how soon we are undeceived. Double-quicking to 
 the river, we reached the pontoons, shells and the enemy's bullets greeting us as 
 we run down the bank. Some of our men are wounded. The rebel batteries 
 shell us as we cross over on the pontoons, but the high river banks on the side 
 next the town prevent them from getting the right range of the pontoons, con- 
 sequently we reached the town with comparatively small loss. Our Brigade, 
 under the command of Colonel P. H. Allabach, of the One Hundred and Thirty- 
 first Volunteers,- advancing hurriedly up the narrow street, our Colonel, Edward 
 Jay Allen, is ordered with two regiments, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and 
 the One Hundred and Twenty-third Pennsylvania, to advance out one street, 
 while the other two regiments of the Brigade, the One Hundred and Thirty-first, 
 Colonel Allabach, and the One Hundred and Thirty-third Pennsylvania, Colonel 
 Speakman, in the order named, move out another street, and, forming in line 
 of battle, join us on the left, the Brigade being thus reunited outside the town. 
 Advancing then out the main road westward where the sounds plainly indicate 
 the battle is in progress, we file off to the left into a street or road but little used. 
 Halting there but a few moments, the rebels commencing to shell us, one of the 
 missiles passing within eighteen inches of the Colonel before it struck the 
 ground, we file again out into the main road, and, crossing a mill race, form in 
 line of battle back of it, having as yet escaped with but slight injury. 
 
 The order is now given to " fix bayonets," but, to our astonishment, no 
 order to load is given. Advancing a short distance, we halt in front of a cellar 
 apparently recently dug. There comes our first realization of war and battle. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 539 
 
 Outside of the cellar and lying on the earth thrown from it are our killed and 
 wounded, the piteous appeals of the latter being enough to appall and shock 
 the stoutest hearts unused to such scenes. We would fain help them if 
 we could, but a rigorous and relentless enemy in front is engrossing all our 
 thoughts and time now. We advance across what seem.s to be a plain of some 
 two or three hundred yards in width, followed immediately in the rear by the 
 One Hundred and Twenty-third Pennsylvania, Colonel John B. Clark. Our 
 line is broken by this cellar and a fence extending from it some distance west- 
 ward, and we are somewhat confused, but soon, however, reuniting to the left 
 of the fence. Nothing could be more perfect than the line of the four regiments 
 as they advance, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth being in the front, closely 
 followed by the One Hundred and Twenty-third, and the One Hundred and 
 Thirty-first and One Hundred and Thirty-third Regiments to the right at close 
 distance. \\'e have been in many dress parades and regimental drills, but have 
 never in any of them seen a more splendid formation than that which now pre- 
 sents itself as the lines advance with their colors — those glorious colors of the 
 Union and the State of Pennsylvania! As we double-quick, charging across the 
 plain, cheering, the enemy increase their fire on us. Some drop out, killed and 
 wounded, still the line closes up and advances until we come to a slight rise in 
 the ground, where we find lying between us and the rebels a line of men six 
 deep. Our alignment being broken by these lines of battle which we under- 
 stand belonged to Couch's Division, we halt, while our Division Commander rides 
 like one " furiously mad " between our lines and those of the rebels. His son 
 is severely wounded ; also several others of his stafT, among whom is our well- 
 known comrade, John F. Hunter, of Company C. The bullets fly as thick and 
 fast apparently as the drops of rain in a heavy shower. \\"e are ordered to ad- 
 vance. Three times does our Colonel. Edward Jay Allen, in the face of a mur- 
 derous fire, rally us to the crest of the hill within a few yards of and where we 
 can see the stonewall beyond, with a ravine or ditch between us and it ; and 
 THREE TIMES we are forced to abandon the attempt to take the stonewall, strong 
 in itself, and protected by a sunken road running alongside of it. We fall back, 
 lie down, load, and rise and fire. Grape, canister, and minie balls are poured into 
 us from the enemy's artillery and infantry. We are, in a sense, powerless. 
 While our Regiment escapes to some extent the full force of the terrible artillery 
 fire, owing to the range being a little high, after the fact that the rebels have 
 withdrawn their batteries to the right of our front from which they poured 
 a merciless cross-fire upon the One Hundred and Twenty-third and other regi- 
 ments of our Brigade, which suffered terribly. Captain Lee Anshutz of our 
 Color Compan\- ; Sergeant Thomas \\'iseman, of Company C, Charles Bardeen, 
 of Company F, Francis Thompson, of Company L John Rankin, Jr., and 
 George W. Brattan, of Company E, all of our color guard are mortally wounded, 
 and many of our bravest and best are killed and wounded. Our mess- 
 mate, Henry Kaner, is killed by our side, and so on through the entire Division. 
 Night is coming on, and as its shadows deepen we reform and fall back to the 
 position from which we started, near the mill race, and after night fall back to 
 the town, where we replenish our ammunition and return to our original position 
 
540 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 near the mill race. Under the cold, dreary December sky, we make our beds 
 on the damp ground and sleep our first night on the battlefield. 
 
 Day breaks, it is Sunday morning, and we are expecting to be ordered for- 
 ward again. We have no means to make our accustomed cup of coffee. It is 
 dangerous to move, the enemy's sharpshooters being on the alert and every 
 little while we hear the sharp " ping " of their bullets. The day passes on, and 
 there are no signs of renewing the battle, except occasionally some desultory 
 firing here and there ; that is all. Night approaches, and as the darkness veils the 
 earth, we march back into the town, where we stay all night. The next day, Mon- 
 day, before daybreak, recrossing the Rappahannock, we are soon back in our old 
 camp again, our first fight over, having been literally a " baptism of blood " for 
 us, the Division having lost 1,760 killed and wounded, out of 4,000. 
 
 " When shall their glory fade?" 
 
 UNCLE JOHN MACKIN'S WAR EXPERIENCE. 
 By Priv.-vte Charles F. McKenna, Company E. 
 
 Just before the disastrous Fredericksburg compaign under Burnside, Mr. 
 John Mackin. a highly-esteemed citizen of Pittsburg, who for many years had 
 
 held the important position of flour in- 
 spector for the city of Pittsburg, in grati- 
 fication of his own desires, and more 
 especially of those of his wife, deter- 
 mined to relieve the homesickness and 
 tedium of camp life of his son, Color- 
 Corporal John H. Mackin, serving in 
 Company F, of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 " Uncle Johnny," as he was affectionately 
 called by the public, had no sooner con- 
 ceived the idea than he determined to put 
 it into execution. Believing that through 
 a personal acquaintance with Secretary 
 Stanton, who had been his attorney dur- 
 ing the residence of the latter in Pitts- 
 burg, he could overcome the red-tape reg- 
 ulations prohibiting civilians in the army 
 in active campaigns, he armed himself 
 with letters from Honorable Charles 
 Shaler, ex-judge, and Stanton's former 
 UNCLE JOHN MACKIN. ^^w partner in Pittsburg; Congressman 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 541 
 
 J. K. Moorhead, and other prominent citizens of Pittsburg, to Stanton, urging the 
 favor of allowing " Uncle Johnny " to visit his son in the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania V^olunteers. He knew^ Assistant Secretary of War 
 Thomas A. Scott so intimately that he dispensed with letters to him. 
 
 Mr. Mackin's subsequent experience on visiting Washington, as reported 
 by him, was exciting and amusing, though resulting in success and his final pro- 
 motion to the rank of Colonel, etc. 
 
 After considerable maneuvering and strategy, he succeeded in finding the 
 location of General Halleck, then General-in-Chief of all the armies of the 
 United States. Halleck was noted as a pompous military martinet, who, though 
 he had never commanded a squadron in the field, was, because of having written 
 
 GEN.-IN-CHIEF HALLECK. 
 
 SECY.-OF-WAR STANTON. 
 
 military treatises, placed over all the Generals of the great war doing ef- 
 fective fighting in the field. In derision, Halleck came to be nick-named " Old 
 Brains." 
 
 After much trouble, persistence, and red-tape, " Uncle Johnny " finally 
 reached the War Department office of this- man of greatest rank in the 
 army. " Uncle Johnny," on confronting " Old Brains," who was standing by his 
 desk in full regulation uniform, at once greeted the latter's cold glances by re- 
 marking, " I hope I see General Halleck." General Halleck, at once sternly 
 replied in indignant tones at this presumptuous intrusion of a civilian, " You may 
 see him if you have eyes, sir." " Uncle Johnny." nothing daunted by this inso- 
 
542 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 lent reception, modestly preferred his request for a pass through the army lines 
 to visit his son, serving at the front in the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers. General Halleck bluntly refused to entertain the request, 
 informing him that General Burnside's army had orders to move on Fredericks- 
 burg, and that, under no circumstances, would any civilian be given passes to the 
 front. The manner of Halleck on refusing the request added to " Uncle 
 Johnny's " disappointment. Suppressing his chagrin, however, he next sought 
 the presence of Secretary of War Stanton, to whom his letters were directed and 
 with whom he could, if afforded an opportunit}-, recall a friendly acquaintance 
 in former years. 
 
 The approach to Stanton's official quarters was even more difficult of access 
 
 INTERVIEWING SECY. STANTON UNDER DIFFICULTIES. 
 
 than it had been to reach Halleck's headquarters. " Uncle Johnny," however, per- 
 sisted in his efforts to gain an audience with Secretary Stanton, and after being 
 interrupted by numerous guards at the many corridors, he finally reached the out- 
 door chamber of Stanton's department. He refused to give a card or to part 
 with any of his letters to the colored messenger offering to deliver them, but in- 
 sisted, in his anxiety, in forcibly accompanying Stanton's messenger into the lat- 
 ter's sanctum. The noise and confusion between " Uncle Johnny " and the 
 messenger resulting from the latter's unsuccessful attempt to keep the former 
 from intruding, attracted Stanton's attention. Before Stanton recognized 
 " Uncle Johnny," he ordered him out and denounced his intrusion by force. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 543 
 
 Mackin, however, held his own in the discussion with the War Secretary, and 
 made him recall his identity. He next presented Judge Shaler's letter, with others 
 in behalf of his mission to visit his son. When the excitement had somewhat sub- 
 sided, Stanton jiad " Uncle Johnny ", seated, and a short intermission from pub- 
 lic business was had, which was devoted to reminiscences of Stanton's early days 
 as a young lawyer, when Mackin, in addition to being one of Stanton's first clients, 
 was also his family baker, often paying Stanton's fees with the product of his 
 bakery. On the object of Mackin's visit, however, Stanton was immovable, and 
 could see no way to grant the pass or to reverse General Halleck's refusal. 
 
 Disheartened, but not devoid of hope, and as a last resort, " Uncle Johnny " 
 determined to hunt up Honorable Thomas A. Scott, the Assistant Secretary of 
 War, in Washington, and through the ties of warm friendship in Pittsburg, as- 
 certain if there were not some way left, out of the difficulty, of securing a pass to 
 the front to see his dearly-beloved son. The conduct of Colonel Scott, when 
 reached, was in marked contrast with that shown a troubled parent by both Stan- 
 ton and Halleck. Colonel Scott told " Uncle Johnny " he should have sought him 
 first ; that he should have known how rigidly the regulations prohibiting passes 
 to civilians through the lines to the front would be enforced by both Halleck and 
 Stanton, owing to the fact that the army was about to move to battle. This was 
 the very reason for which " Uncle Johnny " desired to see his son, lest he might 
 never behold him alive again. This argument, and the further declaration of 
 " Uncle Johnny " that his wife, in bidding him farewell on his mission to Wash- 
 ington, had warned him that unless he succeeded in visiting their son, Johnny, in 
 the field, that he himself need not return home, had the desired effect on Colonel 
 Scott's afifectionate heart. 
 
 The final solution of the embarrassing problem presented to Colonel Scott 
 was solved by him, by the appointment of " Uncle Johnny " Mackin as " Chief 
 Inspector of United States Military Telegraphs in the Army of the Potomac," 
 with the rank of Colonel, without pay. This placed a corps of colored laborers 
 with a skilled man as Superintendent of United States Military Telegraph Corps 
 tmder the new Colonel. 
 
 Thus commissioned, under direction of Colonel Scott, Colonel Mackin's 
 corps took passage aboarrl a steamer for Acquia Creek Landing, Va., the base of 
 supplies of the Army of the Potomac. The army was then camped at Falmouth, 
 preparatory to the attack on Fredericksburg. Supplied with horses on landing, 
 Colonel Mackin's party rode to the headquarters of the army in the field, re- 
 porting in person to General Burnside. Proper quarters were assigned Colonel 
 Mackin and party. Supplies of rations also were ordered to be furnished him by 
 the Commissary Department. 
 
 The Superintendent of the United States Military Telegraph Corps pro- 
 ceeded to discharge all the active duties of the position, whilst the new Colonel 
 was, by request, granted an indefinite leave of absence to visit his son, Corporal 
 John H. Mackin, of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers. Being well known to Colonel E. Jay Allen, commanding the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth for many years prior to the war, in Pittsburg, as also 
 to Colonel Cain, Major Pearson, Adjutant Montooth, and nearly half of the 
 
544: 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Regiment from Pittsburg, " Uncle Johnny's " visit to the camp with news from 
 home was most welcome. He became the guest of Colonel Allen during his leave 
 of absence. As the orders to march across the Rappahannock on the pontoons 
 on the afternoon of December 13, 1862, reached Humphreys' Division of eight 
 thousand fresh Pennsylvania troops, as the " forlorn hope " in the day's assault 
 upon Marye's Height, there stood " Uncle Johnny " Mackin in the line of the 
 
 COLOR-CORPORAL JOHN MACKIN. 
 
 column by the side of his son in the color-guard, with a borrowed musket in his 
 hands, determined to serve in the ranks in the coming action. 
 
 As the first half of the Regiment double-quicked down Stafford's Heights 
 to the pontoons, Colonel Allen, noticing " Uncle Johnny " marching in the ranks 
 with his gun, sent a guard back to conduct " Uncle Johnny " to his presence at 
 the head of the Regiment. Colonel Allen, having prohibited him earlier in the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 545 
 
 day from arming himself or going into the battle, regarded this action of " Uncle 
 Johnny's " as " disobedience of orders " and accordingly had the guard disarm 
 him. Colonel Allen, however, granted the disappointed " Uncle Johnny " permis- 
 sion to accompany the Regiment to the pontoons crossing the Rappahannock, 
 and there at the entrance to bid good-bye to his son in the ranks. 
 
 By the time the Regiment had reached the foot of the hills to take the pon- 
 toons, the enemy's artillery had opened a heavy fire on the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth and other regiments deploying to the pontoons, so that " Uncle 
 Johnny's " wishes up to that point to be under fire were gratified. His son. 
 Corporal Mackin, left the double-quicking ranks of the Regiment as it reached 
 the pontoon across the Rappahannock, to give his aged father, who was in posi- 
 tion on the roadside awaiting him, a farewell embrace and kiss, and then joined 
 the ranks to continue the journey to the harvest of death awaiting the " forlorn 
 hope " in the assault upon Marye's Heights. This son escaped the missiles of 
 war in this disastrous engagement, only to receive serious wounds in the assault 
 at Little Round Top, July 2, 1863, and finally his mortal wounds while still 
 serving as color-guard in the first day's battle of the Wilderness. 
 
 Burnside's attack upon Fredericksburg having resulted in disasters to the 
 Union arms at all points, a midnight retreat, evacuating the town, was ordered, 
 the troops all to resume their old camps. " Uncle Johnny " Mackin reached camp 
 in advance of the Regiment. He had fires lighted and a most welcome breakfast 
 of hot cofl^ee, with baked flap-jacks and other delicacies, ready for Corporal 
 Mackin and all of his mess, on reaching their old quarters, the writer being an 
 invited guest at the feast. 
 
 How the United States Military Telegraph Corps subsequently succeeded 
 without a Chief Inspector's services is not known, but one thing is plain, and 
 that is that the object of " Uncle Johnny's " persistent efiforts to visit the army 
 to see his son was accomplished most thoroughly. 
 
 UNCLE JOHN JOINS THE RANKS FOR BATTLE. 
 
646 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 IN THE ENEMY'S LINES AFTER CHANCELLORSMLLE. 
 
 By Robert P. Douglass, Private, Company E. 
 
 The writer's experience after the battle of Chancellorsville was a most un- 
 usual one. x-\boiit the time the Fifth Corps crossed the Rappahannock at Kelly's 
 Ford, Jacob Landsburger, of Company F, and the writer were detailed, by order 
 of our Regimental Surgeon. Df. Reed, acting surgeon in charge of the Second 
 
 Division, Fifth Corps field hospital, for 
 duty at that hospital. We were con- 
 sidered very fortunate in getting this 
 detail, as we were relieved of our arms 
 and the burden of our knapsacks, which 
 were thrown into the ambulances and 
 not seen again. Landsburger and the 
 writer, after reporting, remained on 
 duty with the Division hospital corps 
 until the night of ^lay .5th, when we 
 were left, with other Union soldiers, to 
 guard some of the woimded of both 
 armies in an old saw-mill on the road 
 from Chancellorsville to the United 
 States Ford. The corps had been with- 
 drawn across the Rappahannock, and 
 we knew we were then outside our lines. 
 In this field hospital, thus abandoned, 
 there was a wounded Confederate Cap- 
 tain, two Lieutenants and twenty or 
 more of their enlisted men, also 
 wounded, and a few of our own 
 wounded, unable to be moved. Orders 
 came from headquarters of the Fifth Corps to allow none of the enemy's 
 wounded to overhear, or to obtain any news from us of Hooker's retreat. 
 
 All that night we heard the retreating columns of our army marching back 
 to the Rappahannock. We would have been only too glad to have gone along, 
 but our strict orders were to remain at our posts, and as good soldiers we re- 
 mained in obedience to those orders. The little squad of abandoned guards, 
 thus left at the saw-mill, were in for developments, which soon came. At one 
 o'clock on the morning of the 6th of May, Dr. Reed, surgeon in charge of the 
 United States forces, sent an orderly to the guards and nurses just before the 
 retreat, with orders to destroy all medical stores, to cut the leather medicine bags, 
 
 ROBERT p. DOUGLASS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 547 
 
 and to break up all the medicine chests, to prevent them from falling into the 
 enemy's hands. These stores would have been a great boon to them at any time, 
 and especially at this time when they had thousands of their wounded requiring 
 attention. We carried out our orders to the letter. 
 
 When our wounded were taken within our lines, after a delay of two weeks 
 following the retreat of Hooker's army, a flag of truce arrangement was made by 
 Generals Hooker and Lee, by which all the LTnion wounded, aggregating several 
 thousand left within the Confederate lines, should be paroled and removed to 
 Hooker's hospital on the north side of the Rappahannock near the LTnited States 
 Ford. The guards and nurses naturally expected to go back with them, but in this 
 they were sorely disappointed. When the Fifth Corps ambulance trains under a 
 flag of truce came out. Corporal John M. Lancaster, of Company E, was in charge 
 of the detail. Dr. Reed, our Regimental Surgeon, a non-combatant, under orders, 
 withdrew with this detail. Several trips were made by the ambulance trains of the 
 Fifth Corps from the north side of the Rappahannock, by way of the United 
 States Ford. The distance was about five miles, and required time and care 
 to transport so many sufferers back within the L'nion lines. There were about 
 one hundred of our men originally detailed in all the squads besides ourselves ; 
 many from the Sixty-second Pennsylvania, the One Hundred and Fortieth New 
 York, and some of the Sixty-third Pennsylvania, of the Third Corps, their duties 
 being the same as Landsburger's and the writer's, viz., to nurse and care for our 
 wounded. These nurses were subsequently not permitted by the Confederates 
 under the terms of the flag of truce to return to their regiments after the removal 
 of our wounded, except those who were not fit to be removed. The Confed- 
 erates had taken charge of their own wounded at the saw-mill hospital and else- 
 where the day following Hooker's retreat. All the Union details of nurses and 
 guards immediately after the retreat of our army were made prisoners of war. 
 
 Introduction to the Enemy. 
 
 The first knowledge of and introduction to the enemy occurred on the 
 fith of May, about eight o'clock in the morning. We saw some cavalry approach- 
 ing wearing the Union uniform. The writer remarked to Comrade Lands- 
 burger, " W'e are all right yet. Here comes our cavalry." A cavalryman rode 
 up to us and drawing a huge navy revolver, with great bravado and many foul 
 oaths, boisterously threatened to shoot us. None of the L^nion soldiers in the 
 details of guards and nurses was armed, so we, being in the same condition, could 
 offer no resistance. We expostulated with our captor, showing him we were vm- 
 armed, being non-combatants on detail in charge of Confederate wounded as 
 well as of our own, that had not been able to be removed under a flag of truce 
 regularly agreed on by the commanders of both armies. It was a very exciting 
 experience, and nerve-racking in the extreme to look into the chambers of a 
 huge " Colt," which our blood-thirsty captor held so close to the writer's head 
 that he could plainly see the bullets in the cylinder. When the remainder of the 
 Confederate scouts came up, we were declared prisoners by the commanding 
 officer, and at once marched to the rear of Lee's armv, where the officer in whose 
 
548 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 charge we were given, immediately placed us in a Confederate hospital to take 
 care of many wounded Union prisoners. 
 
 On our march from the saw-mill to the rear, we passed over the battlefield, 
 and our little party saw many horrible scenes. Many of the dead of both armies 
 lay unburied where they fell, with their clothing burned from their bodies by the 
 fire which swept over the field after the battle on Sunday afternoon, May 3rd. 
 
 Around the trees where there were patches of grass, many wounded of both 
 armies had crawled and died. The writer noticed that the trousers of many of 
 these dead soldiers had been burned to the knees and that the woolen material 
 had not burned further than where the bodies had been lying among the dried 
 leaves. The fresh grass would not ignite, and the fire in the clothing had gone 
 out. The dried leaves and brush had been set on fire by the explosive shells used 
 by each army. All such wood fires spread rapidly and many wounded and dying 
 had met a horrible end. These grewsome and terrible sights convey an apt 
 illustration of General Sherman's celebrated epigram — " War is hell." 
 
 The writer noticed particularly, an oak tree that had been hit three times 
 during the battle by cannon balls from the Union artillery, each shot cutting ofif 
 a section of the tree, and it had been literally cut down at the stump by bullets. 
 This stump was not far from where General Jackson was killed. 
 
 On this same march, as prisoners, we passed an old tobacco house where 
 there were still many of our wounded mostly belonging to Howard's (Eleventh) 
 Corps. There the writer gave away the last cracker he had to a wounded Union 
 soldier, suffering the pangs of hunger and pain. The condition of all the wounded 
 in this hospital was terrible in the extreme. 
 
 Outside of the tobacco shed lay five dead Union soldiers, stripped of every 
 stitch of their clothing. These horrors were all observed on the Eleventh Corps' 
 line. These five dead bodies were utterly neglected and unburied three days. 
 The writer gave them a decent burial. 
 
 After a halt here by our little band of prisoners for ten days we were 
 marched to a point near Gordonsville, Va., and were halted at a farm house in 
 which there were about seventy-five Union wounded in the recent battle, who 
 were, of course, prisoners. With a comrade of the Sixty-second Pennsylvania, 
 the writer was left by the officer in charge of the prisoners, to care for these 
 wounded. There was no lint and no medicines of any kind on hand and noth- 
 ing from which we could make bandages. l\Iany of these suliferings ones were 
 in even worse condition than those at the tobacco house we had just left. In a 
 word, it was frightful. ]\Iany. thus neglected, died of blood poisoning. We 
 cleaned the sores of those still alive by using plenty of cold water, going from 
 one sufferer to another day and night. This was long before the day of anti- 
 septic surger}-, but it was there, the best and only treatment possible. 
 
 Jackson's old corps, now commanded by General J. E. B. Stuart, was en- 
 camped close bv. and one day, while off duty, the writer took a stroll through 
 their camps. While watching the Confederate bakers making bread, one of their 
 soldiers said, " Yank, aren't you afraid to be here, sah, by yourself?" To which 
 the writer replied. " No, sir, I am unarmed, and a prisoner in charge of our 
 wounded." " Yes, sah," he replied, " but you might be taken for a spy." Realiz- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 549 
 
 ing at once the risks being taken, the writer began to move off for the hospital 
 when the same man said, "Yank, you see those boys over there? Those uns 
 are North CaroHna troops. They didn't want to fight for the South, sah, but we 
 placed them in the front, sah, at Chancellorsville, and they had to fight." 
 
 A few days after this conversation, one of these same North Carolina sol- 
 diers came to the hospital of the Union prisoners and begged the guards to ar- 
 range for him to be sent through the Confederate lines with the Union wounded, 
 which was expected to be ordered at any time. He declared he was tired fight- 
 ing and had had enough of it. This man came every day to the hospital for 
 nearly a week. One of the Union wounded — a Berdan sharpshooter — died. The 
 North Carolina visitor was told that if he would help bury the body, we would 
 let him have the deceased's uniform, and he could take his name and in that 
 manner get through the lines with the convalescent Union wounded. He donned 
 the Union uniform and worked with us in the hospital for another week before 
 the Union wounded and their guards were to start for exchange and parole at 
 Annapolis, Md. When the day came, the entire party was marched to United 
 States Ford on the Rappahannock River, under escort of a squad of Confederate 
 cavalry, where the North Carolina " Johnny " metamorphosed into a Berdan 
 sharpshooter of the Union army, stood right at my left when the Union wounded 
 crossed. Captain Kyd Douglass, Adjutant-General of Jackson's Corps, recorded 
 the names of the party and gave out the paroles, both to the returning guard and 
 the nurses. The North Carolina deserter passed without detection, and crossed 
 with the wounded, and we never saw him again. 
 
 My comrade of the Sixty-second Pennsylvania and myself were very glad 
 when our North Carolina friend passed safely through into our lines. We 
 greatly feared that he might prove traitor and inform the Confederate officer 
 in charge of our party of our connivance in his escape, in which event our lives 
 would not have been greatly prolonged. 
 
 The wounded turned over to the Union army here were the last of the 
 prisoners captured at Chancellorsville, all of whom were wounded, numbering 
 about five thousand and upwards in that battle. The detachment of guards and 
 nurses and prisoners were treated as a distinct body separate and aside from 
 the wounded. The Confederates at the United States Ford, when the exchange 
 was made, seemed to have doubts as to the military status of our party, and of 
 our right to be treated as non-combatants under the flag of truce which the 
 Confederates evidently construed as applying only to the wounded prisoners. 
 We were much surprised and disappointed, therefore, after all the wounded were 
 transferred within the Union lines, when we were informed that our little party 
 were still prisoners of war. W'e were marched to Richmond and put in Libby 
 prison, where we remained four days without rations. In the meantime, our 
 status having been settled by the Confederates, we were, on the fourth day, taken 
 out of Libby and marched again to United States Ford, a distance. I suppose, of 
 about fifty miles. This was close to where we had been made prisoners, and we 
 had been able to see something of the country between there and the Confederate 
 capital. 
 
 This time, to our very great joy, we were passed through the lines at the 
 
550 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Ford without delay. We were now paroled prisoners and our next destination 
 was Camp Parole, at Annapolis, where we were to remain until formally ex- 
 changed. This was another surprise to us. This was about the middle of June. 
 Three of our party, all from Pittsburg, decided to take " French leave " and go 
 home, and we were not long in starting. 
 
 The three of us remained at home for six weeks. The writer, weary of the 
 monotony of this kind of military life, went on duty with the provost guard, 
 being prevented from service with his company at the front until duly exchanged. 
 Comrade Landsburger, the writer's fellow-nurse on this detail, on being ex- 
 changed some time afterward, returned to the Regftnent, and remained on duty 
 with his company until badly wounded in the first day's battle in the Wilderness. 
 
 AT GETTYSBURG.— UNDER FRONT AND REAR FIRE. 
 By Corporal Henry F. Weaver, Company B. 
 
 Weed's Brigade, Sykes' Division, Fifth Corps, and the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, arrived on the field at Gettys- 
 burg early on the morning of July 3nd, somewhere near Gulp's Hill, on the right 
 of the Union line. Except to shift from one position to another, we did nothing 
 for several hours. The order announcing that General George G. Meade had 
 taken charge of the Army of the Potomac was read to the troops while in line 
 of battle in the woods, with skirmishers thrown out. While I do not think that 
 any more impressive or patriotic order could be read to any troops on the eve 
 of battle and the assumption of command by a new General, I confess that I was 
 disappointed when the order was signed George G. Meade and not George B. 
 McClellan, but Providence directed otherwise. 
 
 We remained in this position for some time, the men making coffee — many 
 of them bathing in the creek. So the hours passed pleasantly away. The com- 
 mand had rested and taken short naps at halts. It was ominously quiet along 
 our front, the quietness being broken only by some desultory infantry and 
 artillery firing, doubtless both armies being occupied in getting ready to renew 
 the contest. 
 
 About 4 p. M., the report of a solitary cannon was heard away over to the 
 left. It was from Sickles, and the battle of the 3nd of July had commenced. This 
 single cannon firing, was followed by more, and then one, two, somewhat broken. 
 Then came the final crash and roar of musketry and booming of artillery together. 
 
 Sykes' Fifth Corps was then ordered to Little Round Top, following no 
 roadway. Tearing down fences, the men double-quicked out past Little Round 
 Top, near where two brigades of Regulars of Ayres" Division were already en- 
 gaged. Weed's Brigade halted behind a battery actively engaged. The One 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 551 
 
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553 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth men loaded muskets and then by orders counter- 
 marched, left in front, and took position on Little Round Top. The One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth, of Weed's Brigade, was on the right of the line and 
 Company B on the right of the Regiment. A good view of that portion of 
 the field, when not obscured by the smoke of battle, was afforded. The two 
 small brigades of United States Regulars of Ayres' Division had advanced be- 
 yond the position of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth on Little Round Top, to- 
 ward the Wheatfield, this movement being made by the United States Regulars 
 to support General Sickles. The Regulars fought with determined skill and 
 bravery for nearly an hour, and then reluctantly fell back as if on drill, but 
 sharply and bravely contesting every foot of the ground. These things I saw, 
 and I am glad, as a volunteer, to bear tribute to the United States Regulars. 
 
 The remaining portion of the Third Corps and Regulars were overwhelmed, 
 and fell back to Little Round Top. There were two batteries of artillery, one of 
 steel and the other of brass pieces, one in front and one over to the right of the 
 Regiment, which kept up their fire until the very last, two of the steel guns being 
 captured, and one of them recaptured later from the enemy. In the meantime the 
 Regulars reformed in line of battle a little below the position of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth on the crest of Little Round Top, and the fire in our immediate 
 front slackened temporarily. The enemy appeared and advanced from the Devil's 
 Den and to the left of it, and owing to the formation of the ground, struck the 
 left of the line of Weed's Brigade at its extended concave portion, and the fight 
 became terrific. 
 
 Just then Robertson's Brigade of Texans swung across the foot of the hill 
 and advanced to attack the positions occupied by the One Hundred and Fortieth 
 and One Hundred and Forty-sixth New York, and the Ninety-first and One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania ^'oIunteers. I wondered why our battery 
 immediately above us did not open fire. Five minutes pass away. What is the 
 matter ? Then the battery opened, and over our head went a screaming, whistling 
 shell followed by another and another and so on. Still the enemy kept on ad- 
 vancing on the positions of the four regiments mentioned which formed Weed's 
 Brigade. Impatiently waiting as we were, it was hard to repress our fire. At 
 last the order came to us, " Steadv — Ready — Aim — Fire ! " We arose and de- 
 livered our fire at close buck-and-ball range of our muskets, and reloaded and 
 fired again, but still the Confederates kept advancing, halting to fire volleys as 
 they advanced. 
 
 The Confederates were brave, resolute, and determined men. At this time 
 I was wounded in the ball of the right ankle joint. I felt a stinging sensation 
 extending to the thigh, but no pain. The enemy's bullets kept coming as numerous 
 apparently as the drops of rain in a heavy storm. As I lay there wounded I ex- 
 pected to get a bullet in my head at any moment, but fortunately did not. Look- 
 ing in front of my position, I say Corporal David M. Smith, of our company, 
 lying mortally wounded behind a shelving rock about five yards from my 
 position. Being hit in the left groin, the bail must have severed the femoral 
 artery. He turned to me and said, " Oh ! I am shot." The stretcher-bearers car- 
 ried him back a short time after, but he died just as they reached the foot of the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 553 
 
554 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 hill. \\ hile I was trying all in my power to encourage Corporal Smith, a bullet 
 struck Comrade William Douglass, of my company, fairly in the center of the 
 forehead, and with a terrible shriek, he fell back dead. I shall never forget the 
 sight. 
 
 In the light of " After discovered evidence " a charge, which Major A. L. 
 Pearson sought permission to make at that time and was refused, would have 
 been wrong. Weed's Brigade having been assigned and ordered to hold that 
 portion of Little Round Top only. General !Meade wisely provided other troops 
 for that purpose, and ordered them to do the charging. 
 
 Lieutenant Luke ]. Dooling, of Compan\- L seeing that I was wounded 
 and unable to stand, the pain having become excruciating, ran up to me ex- 
 claiming, "Poor boy! are you hurt — are }'ou wounded?" I threw my arms 
 around his and Comrade Pat Lyon"s necks, and was thus taken back some dis- 
 tance, until we met some stretcher-bearers froiu the Sixth Corps, who carried 
 me a short distance to the rear, at the foot of Little Round Top, passing what 
 was evidently a brigade of the Sixth Corps being formed in line of battle 
 one behind the other in perfect formation, which did me good to see, as the 
 musketry- fire at the front occupied by W eed's Brigade was still severe, and the 
 battle by no means decided. General ^Meade's provision for the reserve line of 
 battle was perfect. Shells and balls from the enemy were coming through 
 the trees and knocking oft the branches here and there, during the passage of the 
 wounded to the rear. We also passed two members of our company bearing 
 the body of Corporal Smith, who had just died from his wounds. 
 
 I was next placed in an ambulance, which, after receiving other wounded 
 soldiers, not of our Regiment, started back along the Taneytown road and we 
 were deposited on the ground near Meade's headquarters, on the left center 
 of the Union lines, where we lay all night. 
 
 Some time later the Union batteries on the ridge in front of where the 
 wounded were placed opened on the enemy. I never could understand this, as 
 our vellow hospital flags were flying and plainly visible from the small buildings. 
 Why our artillerists at that time should draw the enemy's fire at a point where 
 their answering missiles would fall among the already wounded men seemed 
 incomprehensible. The enemy at once responded, and their fire became so warm 
 as to compel the removal of the wounded, who were taken in ambulances to 
 our right and laid under trees and woods. Escaping from the fire of the enemy 
 in this position, the wounded were not so fortunate otherwise, as during the 
 night one terrific thunderstorm after another broke out over our heads, followed 
 by vivid flashes of lightning, continuing through the night. I pulled my gum 
 blanket over my head and wrapped it around my body the best I could, and 
 was thus aflforded some protection from the rain. Early in the morning I was 
 carried and laid on the ground a short distance from the field-hospital operating 
 table. The rain still continuing. I made a pillow of my haversack, and again 
 pulling my gum blanket over my face, lay there as patiently as I could, waiting 
 my turn to be operated on. During a lull in the battle, Pat Lyon and Isaac 
 Craig, of our Company, hunted me up, and Pat, taking his blanket from his 
 shoulder, threw it over me, as I, being well-drenched, was shivering with cold. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 555 
 
 A period of several hours followed, during which we heard but little 
 firing at the front. Suddenl)- the . artillery fire from a hundred guns opened 
 and the din was terrific, evidently being the initial attack on our side to repel 
 Pickett's charge. During all this noise and confusion, I was removed and 
 placed on the operating table, and had my foot amputated by Doctor Reed, 
 Regimental Surgeon of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, assisted by the surgeon 
 of the Ninety-first Pennsylvania Volunteers. As they were about to administer 
 the chloroform to me, I heard Dr. Billings, a Regular army surgeon, say, " Let 
 us be as quick as we can, as some of us may be killed during the operation." 
 The shells and stray balls from the Confederates at that time were whistling 
 through the location of the field hospital and the limbs of the trees were falling 
 in every direction. There did not seem to be safety at any place in this trying 
 period of the battle. 
 
 After the operation had been performed in this exposed field hospital in 
 the immediate rear of Little Round Top, and the shelling and noise had sub- 
 sided at the front, and I was lifted from the operating table still in a semi- 
 conscious state, I was again laid on the ground which had been covered with 
 straw taken by " eminent domain " from neighboring barns. Soon after small 
 tents were erected, and all the wounded were placed in them as fast as they 
 were put up, so as to guard against drenching rains. 
 
 Color-Corporals Thomas J. Tomer, of Company E. and John H. Mackin, of 
 Company F, who also had been wounded while with the colors, about the same 
 time I was wounded, secured quarters in one of these tents. Privates Charles 
 F. McKenna, of Company E, and Samuel W. Hill, of Company F, as soon as 
 the firing in front ceased, were allowed to leave the ranks to visit Corporals 
 Tomer, Mackin, myself and other companions in a field hospital in rear of 
 Little Round Top and their visit cheered us very much. 
 
 From the tents the wounded could see most grewsome sights. Amputations of 
 arms and legs by the army surgeons, to save the lives of the wounded, ran up 
 into thousands ; and for want of assistance these dissevered members, the first 
 few days, were suffered to accumulate in piles several feet in height. The 
 bodies of the poor comrades not surviving these operations, and the hundreds 
 of dead from wounds or blood poisoning were placed in the dead-house close 
 by, to await burial. These harrowing environments were not conducive towards 
 cheering or comforting the suffering wounded. 
 
 Xight, letting her sable mantle down, shut from view the terrible scenes 
 of human wrath. Everything quieted down, and we slept fitfully until the next 
 morning, the Fourth of July. Late in the day, the surgeon in charge came in 
 and greeting the wounded, said, " Well, while you are all in pretty bad shape, 
 you seem to be in good spirits, and I have good news for you. This battle is 
 won, the rebels are retreating — A'icksburg has also fallen, and so this is a good 
 and glorious Fourth of July after all. Don't you think so? " 
 
 It is needless to sav we answered him with an affirmative shout. 
 
556 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 THE KISKIMINETAS SQUAD. 
 By Its Only Survivor, Private J. King Alter. 
 
 On or about the 23d of August, 1862, there assembled m Pittsburg, Pa., 
 ten country boys, mostly all residents of the Kiskiminetas Valley and vicinity. 
 They determined to enlist, and selected Company A of the Kier Rifles, then 
 being recruited in Pittsburg, for three years, or during the war, by Captain 
 Joseph B. Sackett. They each gave a complete description of the color of their 
 eyes, complexion, hair, and of their height, weight, etc., and signing their 
 
 names on the muster-roll, were accepted cheerfully. 
 They next presented themselves before the United 
 States examining surgeon in the garb in which they 
 first made their appearance in this world. They were 
 required to give exhibitions of jumping, running, 
 handsprings, wrestling, and other athletics, which 
 were pronounced satisfactory by the surgeons. They 
 were then immediately mustered into the United 
 .States service. Soon after Company A, Kier Rifles, 
 became known as Company E of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 
 The Company of one hundred recruits was or- 
 dered to Camp Howe, in the suburbs of Pittsburg, 
 where were assembled eight other companies, all of 
 which were merged, and formed the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania \'olunteers. Here they drew new suits of 
 blue, which in the main were misfits ; and with the heavy oversized army shoes 
 and " monkey-like caps " made the new soldiers look and feel extremely awk- 
 ward. Many of the uniforms, however, were destined, before many months, to 
 become saturated with the life-blood of their wearers. 
 
 Their line of march was from Camp Howe, Oakland, down to the Lib- 
 erty street Station, where was standing a train of cars in readiness to carry 
 them to the front at Washington. But the news having preceded them that 
 the One liundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment was ordered away, the streets were 
 packed with friends to bid them good-bye. Alas, how many for the last time! 
 The writer was the only one of the little party of ten from the Kiskiminetas 
 Valley, to see home and friends again. The train soon pulled out, and when the 
 morning sun brightened the earth the Regiment was near the summit of the 
 Allegheny Mountains. Scarcely had the train stopped before patriotic women 
 and children would be seen making their way to the train with meat, bread, 
 pies, cookies, coiTee, milk, and many other eatables for the soldiers, and cheering 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 557 
 
 them also with farewells. At Harrisburg, the Regiment was furnished with 
 heavy Belgian rifles, with sword bayonets and steel scabbards. It was a pretty 
 rough change, on leaving Harrisburg, to enter cattle cars, but the boys had their 
 big rifies and sword bayonets and were headed for the front. 
 
 The second unfortunate battle of Bull Run had just been fought when 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth reached the Capital. The boys, however, were 
 allowed only to pass through Washington, and were hastened across Long Bridge, 
 and went into camp near Arlington Heights. Their first military duty was the 
 detail of a detachment from the Regiment to march to Manassas Station, and 
 assist other details in the grewsome work of burying the dead of the Second 
 Battle of Bull Run, where several hundred bodies had remained unburied since 
 Pope's defeat on August 29th and 30th. 
 
 No commissary wagons with rations accompanied the Regiment. An army 
 wagon, however, loaded to its full capacity with shell oysters, was discovered as 
 it was being driven into camp. The welcome relief of the starving One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Regiment was due to Colonel Allen, who could not have his 
 command suffer from hunger and so personally gave the Regiment an oyster 
 supper. 
 
 But Lee was invading Alaryland, and Stonewall Jackson was heading for 
 Harper's Ferry, and McClellan required the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Penn- 
 sylvania Regiment and remainder of Humphreys' Division to keep the Con- 
 federates out of Pennsylvania. They boys packed their knapsacks and were again 
 on the road, making forced marches to join McClellan's army at Antietam. The 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth never had a more thorough wash than whilst 
 halted at the Monocacy River. They could hear the sound of distant cannon- 
 ading at South Mountain, the first hostile firing many of them had ever heard. 
 The next morning the Regiment received orders from McClellan to resume 
 marching as rapidly as possible, so as to join his army, twenty miles distant, at 
 Antietam. They marched all night, and the morning sunrise found the Regiment 
 on South Mountain. They soon met Union soldiers returning from the front 
 with bandaged heads, and arms resting in slings, slowly wending their way in 
 search of medical aid. They also heard full particulars of the bloody work of 
 the day before at Antietam. 
 
 The next campaign was " On to Fredericksburg," where we went into camp 
 at Falmouth, on the opposite bank of the Rappahannock. Here death claimed 
 James Rowan and Alexander Clements, the first two from the Kiskiminetas Val- 
 ley to be stricken down. They died of typhoid fever. Louis Schreiner, of the 
 Kiskiminetas squad, became sick and was the third to die. The bark of the 
 " dogs of war," placed on Stafford's Heights, on the banks of the Rappahannock, 
 on December 12, was heard opening the way for the Union troops and trains 
 to cross on the pontoons. Private Wilbur W. Kuhn, of Company E, said to 
 Corporal George W. Bratton, of the same company, " Let us sleep together to- 
 night." George was very tall and Wilbur was rather short, and for that reason 
 they did not make good sleeping mates. 
 
 On the morning of the 13th, the roar of cannon again was heard, as prepara- 
 
558 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 tions for the renewal of the engagement were made. The Regiment was ordered 
 out to a position overlooking the town of Fredericksburg, where a dense blue 
 cloud of smoke could be seen. The roar of cannon, the bursting of shells, the in- 
 cessant crash of musketry was also heard. Owing to the prevalence of a heavy 
 fog, the armies were all invisible. We knew, however, that men were dying by 
 the hundreds at every volley of musketry and artillery. At General Burnside's 
 headquarters at the Phillips House, close by where the Regiment was in line, 
 men in a balloon were taking observations of the field. 
 
 About noon or soon after, Humphreys' Division was ordered forward, and 
 began to descend toward the Rappahannock River. The troops passed through 
 a ravine on the bank of which was piled hundreds of rough coffins ready for 
 use. A corps of stretcher-bearers, and among them Private R. P. Douglass, of 
 Company E, was also stationed close by. Kuhn called out to stretcher-bearer 
 Douglass, to be on hand, that he would need him in the approaching battle. This 
 proved but too true, as Kuhn was one of the first to fall, being struck in the 
 right breast by a piece of shell. 
 
 The coolness of Private Theophilus Callen, of Company E, one of the 
 Kiskiminetas ten, at this time was remarkable. There were some large plugs 
 of tobacco lying beside the street as the boys of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth double-cjuicked through the streets of Fredericksburg to take their posi- 
 tion in line of battle. Callen picked up one of the plugs, and taking a chew 
 from it then flourishing it over his head, and thrusting it into his haversack, 
 remarked that the plug would last him a long time. The Regiment soon formed 
 ready for battle. Knapsacks were unslung. Then was heard the voice of 
 Colonel Allen, commanding the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, " Forward ! Guide 
 center! March!" The Regiment advanced in steady order to the top of the 
 hill, when the next command rang out, "Advance! Double-quick! March!" 
 The Regiment did not gain the stonewall at the foot of Marye's Heights, which 
 was defended by the enemy three files deep. The writer, after the enemy's volleys 
 ceased, looked around to find some of his messmates. A form, lying face down, 
 attracted him. It was the dead body of Color-Corporal George W. Bratton, the 
 writer's messmate. The writer next heard some one call " Alter ! " which was 
 at once answered, and Wilbur W. Kuhn, another messmate, was found mor- 
 tally wounded. The writer, by permission, remained with him over night — until 
 his spirit was called away. Thus two more of the Kiskiminetas squad would 
 never again answer at company roll-call in this world. 
 
 A week after the return of the Regiment to camp, the brave Alexander 
 Richie sickened, and died in the hospital. In five short weeks six of the names 
 of the ten from the Kiskiminetas Valley had been stricken by death from the 
 Company's roll. 
 
 Private Duncan McCutcheon, another of the ten, died in the hospital early 
 in February'. Another of the squad, Private William A. Liken, " grounded 
 arms," never to recover again, falling in the famous charge of June 18, 1864, on 
 the enemy's works at Petersburg. Two weeks before the death of Liken, still 
 another of the Kiskiminetas ten. Private Theophilus Callen, was killed on the 
 skirmish line at Bethesda Church, near Cold Harbor, on June 3, 1864. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 559 
 
 On the morning of June 30, 1S63, the writer, from a sick-leave, joined his 
 company on the march to Gettysburg and participated in the capture of Little 
 Round Top. Captain Sackett and Assistant-Surgeon W. S. Wilson, at the close 
 of the action, ordered the writer, being unfit physically to resume the march, to 
 report to the town of Gettysburg for treatment in the General Hospital. The 
 writer's disability becoming permanent, he was finally transferred to Company 
 E, Fourteenth Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps, at Alexandria, where he served 
 as orderly under Colonel Samuel McKelvy, of Sewickley, Pa., until mustered out 
 of service June 25, 186.5. As the sole survivor of the Kiskiminetas squad of the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, it is needless to remark that his home- 
 coming was sad. because of the nine " unreturning braves " who enlisted with 
 hnn. 
 
 \MTH GRANT AT OPENING OF WILDERNESS. 
 By Corpor.'M. L. E. McPheeson, Co.Mr.-\Ny C. 
 
 On bivouac at the end of the first day's march of the Fifth Corps, following 
 Sheridan's Cavalry, on May 3, 1864, 
 before reaching the crossing of the 
 Rapidan. an order from General 
 Ayres, commanding the First Bri- 
 gade of Grififin's Division, was re- 
 ceived by the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment for a detail of ten 
 enlisted men to report at 9 p. M. at 
 Brigade headquarters, adjacent to the 
 Regimental camp. The writer's diary, 
 as well as his memory, is now too 
 faded to recall at this late date the 
 names of all the detail from the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth. He has, 
 however, a clear recollection that 
 Private Harry Curry, of Company 
 F, Privates Charles McKenna, of 
 Company E, and Charles Bunton, of 
 Company D, were among the number, 
 as they became for the term of the 
 detail lasting several days, the mess- 
 mates of the writer. 
 
 It was found, no reporting to 
 
 COLOR-CORP 
 
 McPHERSON. 
 
560 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 the Brigade headquarters, that the entire detail called for sixty men, who 
 were placed under orders of Lieutenant E. B. Bradford, Seventeenth United 
 States Infantry. The detail at that hour of the night was marched half a mile 
 to the rear and halted among the wagon trains of the Brigade, which with 
 many other teams were parked close by. What the duty was to be, its dura- 
 tion or other infonnation about this detail was a mystery to those forming 
 it, as they spread their ponchos upon the ground for the night among the 
 wagons of the brigade. It was recalled by some of the guards that General 
 Ayres" headquarter wagons and their contents and drivers and guards, had 
 
 '/ ,1 
 
 ^ I 
 
 1 f^n i#^ ! 
 
 
 GUARDING FIFTH CORPS TRAINS IN WILDERNESS. 
 
 been captured on the Mine Run movement a few months previous, and this 
 entailed the great personal loss of the General's new uniform and supplies 
 of " commsisary " for the Brigade mess. They supposed that the present de- 
 tail was d precaution taken by the General against a repetition of any such 
 loss by predatory guerrillas or cavalry of the Confederates. Nor was much light 
 thrown on the subject the next day, when the march was resumed and the detail 
 with the United States Regular officer named in charge, marched alongside of the 
 Brigade wagons, closely guarding the same, until after the Rapidan was crossed 
 and all the wagon trains, aggregating two or three hundred ammunition and 
 commissary wagons, were parked again in the great open space set apart for the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 561 
 
 H. M. Curry. Co. F. r,. E. McPVierson. Co. C. Charles Bunton, Co. D. 
 
 ON TEMPORARY PROVOST DUTY, GRANT'S HEADQUARTERS. 
 
 From War Time Photograph. 
 
562 
 
 UNDER THE ^lALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Fifth Army Corps trains. The guard duties were very light, and no incident 
 worth noticing occurred during the day's march of the wagon guards. Once 
 the wagons were parked with the train at the cloje of the day's march of ten 
 or twelve miles, the guards of otir detail were allowed to visit their companies. 
 They availed themselves of the privilege and soon joined their companies in the 
 bivouac close by. ^^'e tarried with our company messmates until a late hour, 
 discussing the prospects of the great campaign of the Army of the Potomac, then 
 opening, filled with every confidence in it being successful under INIeade and 
 Grant, both tried generals, and thus ended wagon-guard duty of ]\Iay 4th. 
 
 BIVOUAC— WILDERNESS. 
 
 The Night Before the Battle. 
 
 It was, indeed, a sad parting that night from comrades of our companies, 
 and proved a final separation from beloved companions and messmates, as the 
 wagon guards bade " Good night " and returned to their adjoining bivouac 
 where the trains were parked. Before the next sunset, the two great armies had 
 met in deadlv combat, and ten thousand men on each side had fallen in the con- 
 test. On the morning of the .5th. however, all mystery about the object of the 
 detail was removed, when about nine o'clock the sixty men thus detailed were 
 ordered to " fall in " and were marched a short distance to report for duty to the 
 provost marshal general at headquarters of the .\rmy of the Potomac. The 
 detail included a number of the One Hundred and Fortieth and One Hundred 
 and Forty-sixth Regiments New York ^'olunteers. serving in the same Brigade 
 with the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, and all were dressed in the same zouave 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 563 
 
 uniform as the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. General Meade, commander of 
 the Army of the Potomac, with his staiif and cavalry escort, was the first to ar- 
 rive in the vicinity of the Wilderness territory, then occupied by the various 
 corps of the Union army. He located his headquarters in the rear of the 
 center of the position of the various corps, General Warren's corps being 
 on the immediate front. Around Aleade's headquarters the One Hundred and 
 Fourteenth Pennsylvania Regiment, known as Collis' Zouaves, from Philadelphia, 
 were stationed as headquarters guards. They wore the wide red-colored breeches 
 and red fez of the Algerian Zouaves of the French army and presented a most 
 picturesque appearance. Soon after Lieutenant-General Grant, with his staff 
 and cavalry escort, joined General Meade. At once headquarter tents were un- 
 loaded and put in shape for occupancy by the distinguished officers. The United 
 States Regular detachment which had been serving as guards to General Grant's 
 headquarters, were temporarily relieved and the sixty men detailed from Ayres' 
 Brigade under Lieutenant Bradford were ordered to take their place. 
 
 Among the arrivals with Grant's headquarters wagons, following his own 
 location in rear of Warren's Corps position, was a small ambulance with a com- 
 plete photographic outfit in charge of Brady, the Washington city artist. Nu- 
 merous snap-shots were taken by his operators shortly before hostilities. Two 
 of these photos are reproduced in this article. 
 
 Not a shot had been fired by either army at this time. The morning opened 
 bright, balmy and refreshing and all was certainly quiet and peaceful. The 
 zouaves of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth's detail were among the first selected 
 to go on guard duty in front of the campus occupied by Lieutenant-General 
 Grant and his large retinue of staff officers. Thus it fell to the lot of the writer 
 and his messmates already named to be on the " first relief " that morning for 
 guard duty over the Lieutenant-General's headquarters. All felt, while treading 
 our beats that beautiful May morning, that the transition from the humble ca- 
 pacity of guards to wagon trains, to that of sentinels before the great chieftain 
 of the army was indeed a promotion and one which was appreciated. It afforded 
 all of the guards an opportunity to see Lieutenant-General Grant and Generals 
 Hancock, Sedgwick and Warren, commanding the corps who had that morning 
 assembled around Grant's and Aleade's headquarters with the new cavalry 
 leader. General Phil. Sheridan, to receive their final instructions in the impending 
 campaign. The new guards were beginning to think that they had struck a 
 sinecure position likely to last for some time, and to be attended with more 
 comfort than company duty. Their fond anticipations were doomed to sudden 
 and unexpected disappointment. Before noon hurried orderlies on horseback 
 made their way from the advance columns to General Grant's headquarters to 
 announce from Wilson's cavalry leading the advance, that the enemy's skirmish- 
 ers had been discovered in the jungle and woods of the Wilderness. Next 
 mounted aides from General Warren brought word that in executing his maneu- 
 vers in the center, the enemy was found to be in force. Soon a third mounted 
 courier brought the intelligence that General Hancock on the left had seen 
 large bodies of Confederates crowding the road through the ^^■ilderness in his 
 advance. 
 
564 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Upexixg Scenes of the Battle. 
 
 The sequel to these messages was displayed by General Grant ordering the 
 advance of all L'nion lines and to attack the enemy wherever he was met. Thus, 
 in a very short time the deadly battle was begun in earnest. As the hostilities 
 commenced in front, non-combatants, who had followed the camps of the corps 
 to the very front, little expecting a battle so soon, flocked to the rear panic- 
 stricken, and spread consternation to all other non-combatants. Contrabands and 
 also hosts of skulkers reinforced the retreating column. General Grant had 
 orders issued at once to dispense with the zouave guards on duty as sentinels at 
 his headquarters. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth detachment with others 
 were prompth- sent forward by his orders and stretched across the roads as 
 provost guards with instructions to allow no soldier, unless badly wounded, to 
 go to the rear, and particularly to stop the flight of skulkers. 
 
 The detail took position on the roads and adjoining grounds to stop the 
 retreat of many soldiers who persisted unnecessarily in escorting slightly wounded 
 comrades as thev made their way to the rear in search of field hospitals. All 
 day, by reason of constant firing at close range and the large number of wounded 
 and fugitives, the writer and his companions were kept busy on this duty. It was 
 pathetic to the guards thus occupied to frequently see beloved companions with 
 whom thev had parted the night before and whom they had heard singing the fa- 
 miliar camp song. " Just Before the Battle, Mother," approaching their provost 
 lines carried on stretchers, suffering from severe wounds. Color-Corporal John 
 Mackin. of Company F, the writer well recalls, was one of the first of the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth whom he saw carried through the line suii'ering from 
 a wound which caused his death a month later: also Corporal ]\Iicheal B. Lemon, 
 of Companv E. who, although badly wounded, was able to walk to the field 
 hospital. Later in the day many wounded officers of high rank with others 
 passed through the guard lines to the rear riding in ambulances. One of the 
 saddest scenes witnessed was the cortege of the stall and escort to ambulance 
 passing through the provost lines bearing the body of the venerable General 
 James S. Wadsworth, who was killed while commanding his division of the 
 Fifth Corps on the second day of the \\'ilderness. 
 
 In the midst of these scenes so serious occurred instances irresistably humor- 
 ous. Private Patrick Stack, a well-known member of Company B, received a 
 wound in the hand and wrist, which was painful but not dangerous. As he 
 reached the rear, he recognized his comrades of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth on guard, an'd in apparent great glee, holding up his wounded hand, shouted, 
 " Be gorra, boys, this is worth a six weeks' furlough to see Mrs. Stack." 
 Illustration of the ruses and tricks which some soldiers worked to escape the 
 perils of the front was disclosed to the provost guard on this day. Comrades 
 quite able to walk and but slightly wounded would find other comrades volun- 
 teering, one to carry his gun, another his cartridge box, another his canteen, an- 
 other his haversack, and still another to take his arm, escorting him to the rear, 
 as if mortally wounded. The provost guards were inexorable in drawing the 
 line at such conduct, and in compelling the volunteer escorts to return to the 
 
UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 565 
 
 front. One extremely preposterous attempt to pass through the guard is recalled. 
 A skulking soldier, desirous of escaping, who limped along, was held up by two 
 or three companions. At first sight he seemed to be suffering from the disease 
 known as elephantiasis or swollen limbs, a disease so named because the legs 
 swell until they resemble those of an elephant. On arriving at the guard line the 
 man with the elephant leg and his companions were stopped. He boldly asserted 
 that the abnormal leg was the result of a wound just received from a spent can- 
 non ball at the front, which entitled him to pass through the lines. A lull in 
 the rush at that time enabled the corporal of the guard to spare a couple of 
 men to strip the limb of its dressing to ascertain the facts. This examination 
 resulted in discovering that the fellow was an imposter who had actually wrapped 
 cloths and blankets and surplus clothing which he had picked up and bandaged 
 the uninjured limb until it had the appearance of a swollen leg. 
 
 Exciting Experiences. 
 
 The next day, May 6th, the new provost guards had an unusual and most 
 exciting experience. Late in the afternoon. General Early's troops swooped 
 down upon the unprotected portion of the Union right occupied by General Sedg- 
 wick's Sixth Corps. The Confederate attack was so much of a success that it 
 resulted in the capture of two Brigadier-Generals, Shaler and Seymour, and 
 several regiments of their brigades, including a number of the Sixty-first Penn- 
 sylvania, of Pittsburg. This crushing attack of the Confederates caused a brief 
 panic, which extended back to the vicinity of Grant's headquarters about which 
 hundreds of panic-stricken fugitives had assembled for safety after the Union 
 line gave way. The experience of the guard on this occasion, as stated, was 
 remarkable in this that it required the provost guard to change front from its 
 previous orders and to back fugitives in the direction of what had been previously 
 part of the rear of the Union line. Here in this trying emergency, the provost 
 guards on duty, had excellent opportunities of witnessing the effect of the 
 disaster to the Sixth Corps upon Lieutenant-General Grant. General Meade, 
 who was of an excitable temperament, exhibited at this time great perturbation, 
 energy and activity. General Seth Williams, Adjutant-General, and all the aides 
 of the staff and mounted orderlies about Meade's headquarters, were at once 
 converted for the time being into provost guards engaged in reinforcing our 
 small detachment in checking and driving back the frightened fugitives, who had 
 fled from Early's advance to escape capture. The writer can yet, in his mind, see 
 the swords of General Meade's staff officers being brandished at these men flock- 
 ing to the rear. The headquarters cavalry escort, mounted orderlies and aides, 
 all exerted their utmost efforts to stop the senseless conduct. As observed by 
 the writer and companions at the time. General Grant's action was the very re- 
 verse in every respect of that of his illustrious colleague. General Meade. Gen- 
 eral Grant was as cool, calm, and imperturbable during all this short melee, as 
 if in the quiet of a country church. He had in his mouth the proverbial cigar 
 which he smoked in his usual manner. 
 
 No doubt General Grant at that critical moment, when his own future was 
 
566 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 PRAYER BOOK FOUND ON BODY OF DEAD SOLDIER AT WILDERNESS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 567 
 
 at stake in the first battle in which he had commanded the Army of the Potomac, 
 well knew that when he assigned General John Sedgwick to the important posi- 
 tion on the right, that Sedgwick was responsible, and able to counteract and to 
 check the disaster which befell that portion of the line. Grant's intuition on this 
 subject was right. 
 
 A Battlefield Sol'venir. 
 
 The Sixth Corps, under Sedgwick, which had occupied the right of the 
 Union line, soon rallied and drove back Early's and Gordon's columns to within 
 the Confederate lines. The ground thus recaptured by General Sedgwick had 
 been the scene of a deadly hand-to-hand conflict between the contending armies, 
 lasting an hour or more. The loss on both sides was very heavy. An incident 
 is recalled by the writer who, with Curry and McKenna of the temporary provost 
 guard, were called to pass over this ground. It betokened the closeness of the 
 range of the firing of the troops engaged. One dead body of a soldier of the 
 Sixth Corps was found in which no less than six bullets had entered, leaving signs 
 of burning cartridges on the clothes where penetrated by the balls. In this par- 
 ticular case a stretcher-bearer exhibited a small pocket prayer book called the 
 " Devout Manual for Use of Catholics," which had been taken from the breast 
 pocket of the dead soldier's coat. The little book of two hundred pages, tightly 
 clasped by a small brass band, was perforated by a bullet through and through, 
 as clean as if made at a target fired at close range. Unfortunately, the inscrip- 
 tion in the fly leaf of the book was so torn and obliterated by the bullet as to 
 leave uninjured only part of the handwriting, neat and small like a mother's or 
 sister's. It read: 
 
 '■ Mr. Thomas Dolan 
 
 Co. C (i X. Y. ^^ols. 
 
 ■2d Brigade 3d Division 
 
 (ith Corps Army of Potomac." 
 
 Private McKenna accepted the gift of this little missal from the burial 
 squad, promising to make efforts to discover friends of the dead comrade that 
 they might be comforted by the return of the blood-stained relic, but his inquiries 
 have been unsuccessful. 
 
 For the purpose of helping to find friends of the owner of the book it has 
 been photographed for publication with this article. 
 
 In conclusion of the adventures of this temporary provost guard detach- 
 ment, their three days' rations supply becoming exhausted. Lieutenant Bradford 
 detailed an orderly to Genera! Ayres for instructions and received orders to 
 disband his command and have the details report at once to their respective 
 companies. After the severe all night's march on the way to Spottsylvania to 
 begin this search for Ayres' Brigade of Griffin's Division in the advance of the 
 Fifth Corps, on empty stomachs was a cheerless undertaking. Commissary-Ser- 
 geant George P. Fulton, of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, however, met the 
 hungry detachment very early in the morning of May 8th, en route for Ayres' 
 
568 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Brigade, and, in the vicinity of Alsop Farm, distributed most welcome hardtack 
 and coffee in abundance. As the little detail resumed its march under Lieutenant 
 Bradford to join Ayres' Brigade in lead of the Fifth Corps and had left the 
 main road for a short cut through the woods, it suddenly encountered the 
 flankers of a moving column of Confederate troops of General Ewell's com- 
 mand. They opened a brisk fire on Lieutenant Bradford's detail, but the superior 
 strategy and alacrity of the latter enabled his men again to reach the main road 
 within the L^nion lines and to escape without loss. 
 
 Detachments from regiments were dispatched by General Warren close by, 
 at double-quick step to discover the occasion of the enemy's sudden attack, but 
 the Confederates had retreated and disappeared before these regiments reached 
 the place. 
 
 Lieutenant Bradford's detail finally reached the head of the Fifth Corps 
 column early in the morning of May 8th, just in time to join their respective 
 companies in battle line, to the lively music of the United States Regular Brass 
 Band. They all took part in the battle of Laurel Hill, also known as Alsop's 
 Farm, not far from Spottsylvania. This temporary little detail certainly had a 
 most varied three days' experience, which, however, was followed through Grant's 
 further flank movements to Spottsylvania with constant fighting and skirmishing 
 during the next thirty days, at Spottsylvania, North Anna, Bethesda Church and 
 Cold Harbor, all of which, no doubt, is described in the general history. 
 
 Note. — The comrade-editors of this history were shocked within a day after re- 
 ceiving the above interesting contribution from Corporal McPherson by a dispatch 
 from his family in Chicago, announcing the comrade's death from apoplexy, October 5, 
 1908. Comrade McPherson was a prominent attorney in Chicago, and for many years, 
 until his death, of counsel for the Pullman Company of that city. 
 
 WOUNDED AND A PRISONER. 
 
 By Corporal John Griffith, Company H. 
 
 On May 5, 1864, the great battle of the Wilderness was opened by Ayres' 
 Brigade, in which the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was serving, advancing in 
 two lines. The United States Regulars were in front, preceded by a line of 
 skirmishers from the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, under immediate command 
 of Captain George M. Latighlin, of Company E. The enemy were soon met in 
 force and opened a most terrific fire. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth were at 
 first unable to fire on account of the line of Regulars in their front. When the 
 Regulars fell back. Colonel Pearson rode along the line of the Regiment and 
 ordered the men to cease firing and hug mother earth. \\'hen he gave this 
 order, the writer had just pulled back the hammer of his gun. He left :he 
 hammer back lightly on the cap and lay down. Soon he felt a stinging pain in his 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 569 
 
 right shoulder. He lay very still for a moment, then tried twice to get up, but 
 could not, as his right side was paralyzed. He fainted, and on coming to, found 
 his comrades were gone, leaving him with the dead among the enemy. In a 
 short time he heard an officer ask a Confederate who was loading and firing be- 
 side the writer, " If that Yank was dead." The man replied, " I don't think 
 he is." The writer looked up and spoke, saying that he was not dead yet. The 
 Confederate officer replied kindly, " Lie still, Yank, there will no one touch you." 
 It was some time before the writer could walk, and he noticed that the enemy 
 were in strong force. He also noticed two comrades lying on his left near 
 him with their backs tn him. As the Confederate lines advanced, the writer saw 
 two Confederate skulkers beside the body of a dead Regular, robbing the body. 
 The writer had started for the Confederate rear, but these skulkers made him 
 put his hand into the pocket of the dead man. He drew out a knife which one 
 of them immediately snatched. On noticing the writer's wounded condition, they 
 told him to go on back to the rear. Becoming very 
 faint from his wound, the writer was about to lie 
 down, when another Confederate came up, took 
 charge of his blanket and haversack, and supported 
 him for a few minutes, when, seeing one of the One 
 Hundred and Forty-sixth New York Volunteers a 
 prisoner, the Confederate ordered him to carry the 
 writer's blanket and haversack and help him to the 
 rear, which was done. The One Hundred and 
 Forty-sixth man stayed with the writer until they 
 reached Robertson's Tavern. Here the writer was 
 taken in charge by Doctor E. Donnelly, of Pittsburg, 
 who was surgeon of the Second Pennsylvania Re- 
 serves, most of whose officers and men had been cap- 
 tured. He dressed the writer's wounds, saying it was 
 a very narrow escape, stating also that he knew most of the officers of the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth. When the line of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth lay 
 down in obedience to Colonel Pearson's order, the writer was on the left front of 
 the colors. Corporal Alexander Fox, of Company H, one of the color guard, told 
 Sergeant Stewart that the water from the writer's canteen flew on him when the 
 writer was struck. 
 
 James J. Irwin, Harnett Meeker, and James O. Riley, of Company H, were 
 all captured at the same time with the writer, but he did not see any of these 
 comrades afterwards. Irwin and Meeker died in Andersonville, and Riley, after 
 being exchanged, died at his home in Curllsville, Pa., soon after he got there. The 
 writer remembers seeing another of the Regiment a prisoner, who was often an 
 orderly for the Colonel. His name was Harry Campbell. The writer has learned 
 since that Campbell died at Annapolis, after being exchanged, being too weak 
 from his sufferings to journey to his home in Allegheny. After remaining five 
 days under Doctor Donnelly's charge, the writer and a squad of about twenty 
 other wounded were marched by their captors to Orange Court House, about 
 twenty miles distant, according to their guards. Starting about six o'clock in 
 
 JOHN GRIFFITH. 
 
570 UNDER THE :\IALTESE CROSS. 
 
 the morning, they reached Orange Court House about 8 p. m. From there, locked 
 in a box car, the wounded prisoners were taken to Gordonsville. Arriving there 
 the writer and a squad reported to the provost marshal's office, with about one 
 hundred Union prisoners who were not wounded. They were taken before the 
 provost marshal one by one. The latter had a large book in which he took down 
 their names, rank, company, regiment, brigade, division, and corps, after which 
 the wounded and unwounded prisoners were deliberately robbed of everything 
 they possessed. It was past midnight when these " brave Confederate warriors 
 in the rear " got through with their recording and robbing. Then they marched 
 the prisoners to a shed along the railroad tracks and put a guard around them. 
 Oh, what a day ! The writer was so weak, and his wound hurt him so much 
 he thought he would die. The prisoners were left in this shed until about 6 p. m. 
 the next day, when they were placed in box cars and rode all night, reaching- 
 Lynchburg about 7 a. m., where they were taken off the train and marched about 
 a mile to a camp. In this camp were several thousand Union prisoners. About 
 i p. M. the first rations were issued to this squad since thev had left Robertson's 
 Tavern in the Wilderness. 
 
 Inchiding the writer, six of the wounded prisoners stayed in this camp until 
 after the -ith of July. They were then taken out and put in a tobacco house. On 
 the 26th of June, gangrene got in the writer's wound and ate away for thirteen 
 days. Three others of the wounded were similarly affected. The writer's wound 
 hurt him so much that he was delirious a great part of the time. They were 
 then taken out to the college hospital in charge of the Sisters of Charity, who 
 were very kind, ordering a bath for each of us. washing our lousy clothes, and 
 we fared well for six or seven weeks. The surgeon at this hospital, whose name 
 I would like to recall, was the first gentleman the writer had met since leaving the 
 Confederate soldiers that captured him. From this hospital the prisoners were 
 taken back to prison. In two or three weeks they were again boxed up in freight 
 cars for Richmond. While side-tracked in the night, the guards went through 
 the cars and robbed the prisoners of anything they could find. The prisoners 
 were taken out of the cars near Richmond next morning and marched to the 
 Pemberton prison — about fifty wounded, and one hundred who were not. Soon 
 an officer and guards, and two other men with a table, came into the prison. They 
 searched the prisoners two at a time, stripped them, felt every inch of their 
 clothing, tried every button, and emptied each parcel. Thev then threw the 
 clothes over the table and made the prisoners, one at a time in this condition, get 
 on the table on hands and knees while they made searches for greenbacks. 
 
 Paroled. 
 
 The writer's wound being still open, he was again sent to the hospital. 
 Everywhere was talk of parole. One morning the writer noticed a surgeon 
 and a man with a book in the hospital ward, the surgeon telling this man which 
 ones to check. The nurse bared the writer's wound, the surgeon examined it, 
 and he was marked to go, and he was truly a happy boy. In a day or two the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 571 
 
 prisoners were marched to a boat. Major A[ulfor(l, the L'nion conunissioiier of 
 exchange, met the boat at \'ienna Landing. After some talk with Captain Hatch, 
 the Confederate commissioner of exchange, b}' Major Mulford, the prisoners 
 went on shore. When all were off the boat, Major r^Iulford rode along the line 
 and asked all that were able, to walk over to the United States Exchange boat. 
 After walking up a rise in the ground. Major !Mulford, the United States com- 
 missioner, said to the assembled paroled prisoners to look toward the river and 
 they would see the dear old flag floating there, and to make for it. When the 
 paroled prisoners got there they fell in single line, and as each man's turn came, 
 he was given a pint of cotTee and a ration of bread and meat. The paroled men 
 ate like a pack of starved dogs. At dark they all went on board the exchange 
 steamer and started down the James River, reaching Annapolis about nine next 
 morning. They were very kindly received and cared for, and a number of army 
 surgeons and patriotic citizens looked at us, many of the latter with tears in 
 their eves as thev beheld our pitiful condition. The filthy prison rags were taken 
 off and the paroled men had a good bath and put on clean clothes. 
 
 The writer never saw one of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment 
 while a prisoner or at Annapolis. A furlough was immediately granted all ex- 
 prisoners. On the writer's return from his furlough, he was sent to Camp 
 Parole, and tliere in January, ISii."), he saw Comrade Riley, of Company H, who 
 had been lately exchanged. He was starved to a skeleton, and having received a 
 furlough was going home, dying there a few days after his arrival, from the 
 effects of his im]>risonnient. 
 
 At the time of the writer's capture, several of his comrades saw him fall. 
 Captain Lyon said he was sure the writer was dead. Corporal Fox reported the 
 same, and the writer's parents received a letter so stating. His funeral sermon 
 and that of Adjutant John E. Myers, of the Sixty-second Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers, killed at Spottsylvania, were preached at the same time. The writer's 
 parents mourned him as dead until they received the following letter from 
 him, which by some good fortune passed through the lines and reached them : 
 
 College Hospital, Lynchburg. \'a.. July 18, 186-1. 
 
 Dear Parents — I take this present moment to let you know that I am well, 
 and I hope and pray you are all the same. Thank God for his mercies towards 
 us. Dear Parents, my wound was nearlv well, but it took to sloughing, and I 
 was sent to the hospital here. I have good care taken of me, and my wound is 
 doing well again. I have clean food to eat and a good bed to lie on, so you need 
 not be uneasy about me. I long to hear from you. Dear Parents, all I am think- 
 ing about is that you are worrying about me. Now, I want you to keep in good 
 heart, for God does all things well. Keep in good heart and pray for me. If I 
 should not meet you in this world, let us prav that we will meet in heaven where 
 we will part no more. I hope you will get this safe to comfort you. I am 
 afraid I have written too much. 
 
 From your affectionate son, till death. 
 
 JOHN GRIFFITH. 
 
 To T. J. and Ann (iriflith. — Pray for me. 
 
573 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 MY CAPTURE AND PRISON LIFE. 
 
 Bv Private Jacoe S. Friexd, Company E. 
 
 On the morning of T^Iay 5, 1864, orders were received for the first advance 
 into the " \\ilderness " of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, in the 
 Second Brigade, under General R. B. Ayres, in the First Division, under General 
 Charles Griffin, of the Fifth Army Corps, commanded by General G. K. War- 
 ren. This corps occupied the center of Grant's army. About 11 a. m., after we 
 had advanced into the thickets a short distance, not half a mile, the enemy opened 
 from short range a very heavy musketry fire from behind thickets of small trees 
 on the skirmish line of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. The enemy, although 
 nearly invisible, were answered by the skirmishers in command of Captain 
 George M. Laughlin. The writer had fired but one round when he was shot 
 in the left shoulder by the enemy and knocked down. Our skirmishers and 
 whole line was driven back by the severity of the enemy's fire. To avoid falling 
 into the enemy's hands, as they pursued our lines, the writer arose and started to 
 run back, but was shot a second time, this time in the left arm just above the 
 elbow, and was captured by the enemy. Sergeant Hugh W. McGimpsey, of 
 the writer's company, was going back 
 with him as fast as he could, when a 
 Confederate clubbed ]\IcGimpsey with 
 the butt of his gun on the head, 
 knocking him senseless. McGimpsey 
 had his gun pointed at the enemy, try- 
 ing to discharge it when he was 
 knocked down. The last the writer 
 saw of him he was lying for dead 
 from this blow on the head. The 
 writer saw Private John Hunter, of 
 his company, and Sergeant Harry 
 Campbell, of Company B, taken pris- 
 oners at the same time. Both subse- 
 quently died after being exchanged as 
 prisoners of war, at Annapolis, being 
 too weak to reach home after eleven 
 months in prison. The enemy's 
 guards took Hunter, Campbell and 
 the writer to the rear. A Confederate 
 officer of General Early's staff, who 
 had lost his hat in the opening action, 
 came along on horseback where Hun- Jacob s. friend. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
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574 UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 ter, Campbell, and the writer were lying as prisoners, and ordered the Confederate 
 guard to take the writer's hat for the officer. The guard obeyed orders. The 
 writer's wounds making him weak and unable to walk, he was separated from his 
 unwounded companions of the Regiment, and in a party of two or three hundred 
 other badly wounded Union soldiers was kept in the woods near by, in the rear of 
 the Confederate lines, in plain hearing of the terrible work of the all-day musketry 
 and cannonading. The Confederate guards were considerate to us, not mistreat- 
 ing or abusing us, but we had no medical care or attendance, our only food on the 
 field being corn-bread and meat. At the end of three or four days in this camp in 
 the rear of the Confederate lines, our party of wounded were loaded in army 
 wagons without springs, and hauled twenty miles to Gordonsville over very rough 
 roads. At the latter place we remained over night, and the next day were put on 
 board of box freight-cars, en route to Andersonville, first stopping a week or so at 
 Danville, \'a., where we camped in an open field. We were treated as well as could 
 be expected, except that the rations were a little short and poorer than we had 
 been used to. The wounded received no medical attendance or nursing whatever, 
 during this period. The writer kept his wounds clean by simply washing them. 
 
 From Danville our next stop, after a day and night ride, was at Augusta, 
 Ga. There he had his wounds dressed with clean, new bandages for the first 
 time, by a Confederate surgeon. The other prisoners were also treated by the 
 same surgeon. The citizens in Augusta treated us kindly, many southern ladies 
 furnishing us with white bread and other delicacies, and expressing sj-mpathy, and 
 spoke comforting words at our condition. Xo citizens or others insulted us on 
 our journey. The writer never saw Comrades Hunter nor Campbell, nor any of 
 the Regiment, after parting from them during the battle of the Wilderness. 
 From Augusta. Ga., to Andersonville our party of prisoners took freight cars, 
 and after a day's ride we reached our destination in the evening. The worst 
 woiuided and those dangerously sick in our party of wounded prisoners 
 were at once placed in the hospital — an enclosure adjoining the stockade 
 or prison proper at Andersonville. The writer was placed in this hospital by 
 reason of his weakened condition from wounds and loss of blood, being hardly 
 able to stand up. The well and convalescent prisoners the writer never saw after 
 his arrival at the prison because of his being placed in the hospital. He walked 
 with his party the short distance from Andersonville station to the headquarters 
 of Captain Wirz, who was commanding the prison. Captain Wirz said nothing 
 harsh or otherwise to any of our part}'. The writer heard no complaints of Wirz' 
 conduct from any of the prisoners. The nurses in the hospital were Union 
 prisoners, and they gave us all the allowance of rations they could get. I made 
 a number of acquaintances among the wounded comrades, prisoners in the hos- 
 pital. They were all, however, from different regiments and States. We passed 
 the dreary time away in friendly talks. I kept no diary, and cannot now recall 
 names. Xever, since the close of the war, have I met any of my fellow prisoners. 
 All the time tlie writer was at Andersonville hospital he was afflicted with scurvy. 
 In September. l.sCil, with a number of other wounded and very sick prisoners, the 
 writer was ordered to be ]iaroled and was sent first to Savannah on the cars, and 
 
UNDER THE ^MALTESE CROSS. 575 
 
 from there for exchange to Annapolis, JNId. For a month after arriving at An- 
 napolis, the writer was so weak he had to be kept in the hospital, on account 
 of his sufferings from scurvy. From Annapolis, as soon as the writer was able to 
 be moved, he was sent to the United States Hospital at Philadelphia. No one 
 can fully describe the feelings of a prisoner who has not undergone the ordeal. 
 Loneliness, home-sickness, weakness, misery, despondency, and despair! No 
 letters, no newspapers, no books or reading matter, no word from home, penni- 
 less, without decent garments, even hope abandoned ! Under such circumstances, 
 Jife certainly had but few charms for a prisoner. Our condition was necessarily 
 made worse by want of medicines, which our Government declared to be 
 contraband. 
 
 A coincidence worth mentioning occurred on my arrival at Philadelphia, 
 where I unexpectedly again met Sergeant Hugh McGimpsey, from my company, 
 whom I had left senseless on the Wilderness battlefield from the musket-clubbing 
 of a Confederate soldier, whom he was trying to shoot. At this hospital in 
 Philadelphia McGimpsey was the first in my company I had seen or heard of 
 since the day of my capture. ^McGimpsey, it appears, was rescued, and recovered 
 from the clubbing. He afterwards became Orderly-Sergeant of the Company 
 and was a brave soldier. He was a patient in the hospital, where he had been 
 sent with other sick comrades from the front at the siege of Petersburg, and died 
 in the hospital soon after the surrender at Appomattox. 
 
 The writer remained from June 1, ISOi, until about the middle of September 
 •of the same year a prisoner at the Confederate hospital, undergoing treatment 
 for his wounds. There were about four hundred to five hundred Confederate 
 prisoners in this hospital at Andersonville all the time. Gtiards surrounded it. 
 The hospital was not a'building, it was simply a rough-board-fence enclosure with 
 no roof. Shelter tents accommodating about four persons was all the covering 
 we had. The bare earth was the bedding. A good stream of pure water ran 
 through the hospital grounds. The writer visited this stream twice a day to 
 clean his wounds. There were only a few doctors at the hospital. They ex- 
 amined the writer soon after his arrival, and stated that his arm would have 
 to be amputated, but the writer said, " No, never," and the doctors never 
 bothered him afterwards. The writer has now only partial use of his arm and 
 fingers. 
 
 There were confined in Andersonville during July and August. 1864, about 
 thirty thousand prisoners. The death rate was about one hundred daily for 
 those two months, and during the entire time the writer was confined there, be- 
 tween seven thousand and eight thousand died. Once placed in the prison stock- 
 ade one had to stay there, unless it was a case for the amputation of a limb, when 
 they were brought to the hospital, it seemed to the writer at the time, for the 
 young surgeons to practice on. The hospital was not crowded at any time, not 
 many additions being made during the writer's stay. The dead-house was located 
 inside the hospital enclosure where all the dead from the stockade were brought 
 before being buried. They were conveyed for burial in covered wagons piled 
 in, one on top of another, until they made a load for a four-mule team. 
 
576 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Paroled. 
 
 At Savannah, Ga., on the 18th of November, 1864, the writer was taken 
 down the Savannah River on one of the Confederate's small boats to near Fort 
 Pulaski, where we met our exchange boat. After being placed on board of a 
 United States transport, we were given coffee and hardtack, the first the writer 
 had tasted since being made a prisoner. We were placed on board the transport 
 " Blackstone," at Hilton Head, S. C. There were aboard eight hundred men, 
 nearly all sick. We were three days making the run from Hilton Head to Annap- 
 olis. The writer's wounds were in very bad condition, and he was covered with 
 scurvy sores, and, not being able to travel, was placed in the hospital at Annapolis 
 until able to travel. Having received a furlough, at its expiration, the writer 
 reported back to Annapolis, and was then sent to Chestnut Hill hospital, near 
 Philadelphia. There he remained until June 15, 1865, when he was discharged. 
 His wounds had just healed at this time and his health was fairly good. 
 
 The writer's age on enlistment was seventeen, his weight not over one hun- 
 dred and twenty pounds. On the 1st of May, 1864, his weight was one hundred 
 and forty-eight pounds. The writer was not weighed, that he remembers of, 
 after being released. Certainly he did not weigh very much, for he was only 
 skin and bones. 
 
 The fare in the hospital at Andersonville consisted of a small piece of corn- 
 bread once a day. The corn was ground cob and all, and was very coarse. It 
 was mixed with water and baked, oftentimes burned on the outside and raw 
 inside. Sometimes they added a small piece of rusty bacon. 
 
 THE BATTLE OF NORTH ANNA. 
 By Private Charles F. McKenna, Company E. 
 
 The writer's service in the campaigns of the Civil \\'ar being confined to 
 carrying a musket as a private soldier, he was in common with all in the ranks, 
 early given to understand that he was not paid for thinking — that his function 
 was simply to obey his superiors, who were compensated for doing the necessary 
 thinking. This will account for the fact that the writer hereby disclaims acquir- 
 ing knowledge of military strateg}' or tactics in the field — beyond the mere manual 
 of arms and the Zouave skirmish drill. 
 
 The scenes and incidents of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment's 
 part in the battle of North Anna, as indelibly impressed on the writer's memory, 
 will form the subject of this contribution to the Regimental history. 
 
 The first scenes and incidents attracting attention, after the almost simul- 
 taneous evacuation of the fortified positions, and miles of breastworks of both 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 577 
 
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 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 armies at SpottS3'Ivania, and the resumption of the race of the rival armies for 
 Richmond, was the beautiful open farming country which the Union soldier was 
 for the first time penetrating. Spring, in all its beauty, added to the magnificent 
 picturesque appearance of this part of \'irginia, with its fine plantations and 
 large mansions, as our army marched to the south side of the North Anna, 
 continuing Grant's " left flank " movement. \\'arren's Fifth Army Corps again 
 led the advance and Ayres' Brigade, in which the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 Regiment was serving, headed the column for the North Anna, which was re- 
 •quired to be crossed in the new " On to Richmond " march of Grant's army. 
 
 SuRTRiSE TO Colored Popul.\tion. 
 
 The most surprised inhabitants whom we met on this march, and who flocked 
 to the roadside crossings and tarried with us at our frequent halts, were the 
 
 negro slaves — field hands, men and women, and 
 children — all greeting the army of freedom with 
 most enthusiastic wonder and welcomes, all the 
 white inhabitants having disappeared in ad- 
 vance of our arrival. The unsophisticated con- 
 duct and innocent credulity of this colored 
 population on seeing the " Yankee Army " for 
 the first time, afforded much amusement to the 
 latter. Presents of penknives or even small 
 change tendered to these quaint people by com- 
 rades, would be immediately declined and re- 
 jected with looks of pain and horror, on mis- 
 chievous comrades whispering to them that 
 the gifts thus lavishly bestowed were 
 " haunted," and that because of being thus " be- 
 witched " the donors were making the present 
 just to escape the dreaded " spirits," etc. All 
 efforts to convince them that the articles so pre- 
 sented were not " hoo-dooed " were unavailing. 
 To the fidelity of one of this faithful race, however, the Fifth Army Corps 
 became much indebted on this morning's march. Union scouts had reported to 
 General Warren that the ford of the North Anna on the road his column was 
 marching, was already in possession of a strong force of the enemy, with bat- 
 teries in position, supported by Breckenridge's Confederate Corps, to oppose the 
 crossing by the Federal troops. General Warren impressed a bright-looking 
 negro as a guide to lead him to other roads and fords at which to cross the 
 North Anna. The army maps of the country furnished commanding generals, 
 were, as usual, fotmd to be defective and unreliable. Under this native guide, 
 the Fifth Corps column was diverted to another road leading to a rarely used 
 ford, and for which reason it had been left unguarded by the enemy. Jericho 
 Ford was accordingly selected by General \\^arren as the point of crossing, instead 
 
 CHARLES F. McKENNA. 
 1864. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 579 
 
 of the other ford on the main road, where the eneiii)-, in anticipation, were 
 watching on Alay 'i'Sd. 
 
 Humors of Fording the River. 
 
 At this point the North Anna River was nearly fonr feet deep, and Warren 
 hnrried his advance cohimns across at the newly-chscovered ford, to secure posi- 
 tions before the enemy would discover his change of route and march to oppose 
 his advance. Accordingly, there was no time to be lost, or to await the arrival 
 and laying of the pontoons, a delay which would probably have taken an hour 
 or more. On reaching the river banks, companies and regiments hurriedly, with- 
 out divesting themselves of clothing, proceeded to ford the stream, which was 
 found to have considerable current. 
 
 At the place of fording, officers and men on horseback could safely cross. 
 Amid the hurry and excitement of the impending battle, many irresistibly humor- 
 ous scenes occurred as the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was crossing at the 
 ford. Companies K, H and G, being all recruited from Clarion and other ad- 
 jacent counties abounding in extremely tall men, had enough giants in stature in 
 their ranks to make the fording in the three or four foot stage of water, not a 
 serious matter to them. Lieutenant D. Porter Marshall, of Company K, was the 
 tallest man in the Regiment, if not in 
 the army, reaching six feet seven or 
 eight. Fie was among the first to 
 cross with safety, if not dignity, fol- 
 lowed by Comrades Sloan, Kirkpat- 
 rick, Blair and other long-legged vet- 
 erans of the companies named, all 
 carrying their guns, cartridge boxes, 
 haversacks and cooking utensils on 
 their heads. A different problem, 
 however, was presented at the ford 
 when such well-known short-statured 
 comrades as Color-Corporals Harr\- 
 AL Curry, " Tom " McCush. Charles 
 A. Walters and Frank Gilmore, all of 
 whom were well under six feet, ap- 
 peared and attempted to wade across. 
 As " Jimmy "' Finnegan, of Company 
 D ; " Johnny " Boyd, of Company C, 
 and " Hughey " Bayne, of Company 
 E, all of diminutive height, stood on 
 the river bank, hesitating to attempt 
 the crossing. Hawdon Marshall, the 
 drum major, assisted by Samuel 
 Heflick, the Regimental fifer, impro- 
 vised a raft and set sail across the 
 raging stream, piling all their luggage war time photos of^grant and corps 
 
580 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 aboard and induced Finnegan, Boyd and Bayne to become passengers. " Bob "" 
 Gulp, of Company B, a veteran navigator of the Pennsylvania Canal, was re- 
 quested to serve as captain of the ferryboat, and took command. As this 
 hastily-constructed craft went to pieces in the middle of the river, and the 
 shipwrecked mariners were, with some difficulty, rescued by cavalrymen who 
 came to their relief, thus saving them from watery graves, " Commodore " Culp- 
 was heard to remark, struggling in the waters of the North Anna, that if he were 
 a profane man, the emergency for expressing himself had been reached. 
 
 Others of the Regiment, in successfully crossing the stream and gaining: 
 the opposite bank, slipped back into the water and received involuntary baths. 
 They at once became busy in efforts to save their equipments and rations from 
 total loss. Despite all these difficulties in effecting a crossing of the rank and file 
 before the pontoons had reached the stream. General Ayres, who on horseback 
 with his staff had been the first to cross the North Anna, soon selected for his 
 command a strong defensive position. He planted the well-known headquarters 
 flag, with its large white Maltese cross, in an open field not far from the river 
 bank. 
 
 Rallying 'Rouxd the Flag. 
 
 All of General Ayres' staff and orderlies were deployed to meet the troops,, 
 wading the stream as soon as they had crossed to escort them to the chosen posi- 
 tion of defense. General Ayres, in person, stood close by the flag, shouting to 
 the rapidly-arriving troops to " Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys," and the nucleus 
 of a battle line was hastily formed around the colors, so as to resist the threat- 
 ened advance of the enemy's column, which was known to be in that vicinity. The 
 obvious risk of the Federal troops in being thus exposed to an attack whilst 
 crossing the stream, was very great and called for prompt action. The full sig- 
 nificance of the refrain of " Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys," was never more ap- 
 preciated or realized by troops than on this occasion, as was shown by the prompt 
 response and rallying 'round the colors. For some reason, fortunately for the- 
 Union troops, the crossing of the ford by all of the infantry of the Fifth Corps 
 was not discovered by the enemy for an hour or two after it had been accom- 
 plished and the pontoons had been laid and batteries had taken position to do- 
 eiTective work. 
 
 The Rebel Yell and Frightened Cattle. 
 
 Whilst enjoying a rest, and as the companies of the Regiment were cookingf 
 coffee and getting ready for supper, having their arms stacked close by. the 
 familiar sound of the " rebel yell " was heard emanating from the woods imme- 
 diately opposite the position occupied by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regi- 
 ment. This was promptly followed by the appearance in our front of frightened 
 cattle, hogs, sheep and turkeys, all fleeing from the advancing columns of the 
 Confederates bent on driving the Union forces into the North Anna. Warren's 
 successful crossing of the North Anna at the unexpected ford was at last dis- 
 covered, and the charging columns represented Breckenridge's and Hill's Corps- 
 of Confederates. The first skirmish line of battle encountered bv the Confederates. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 581 
 
 on this attack was composed of the trained veterans of a score of battles, the 
 United States Regulars, under command of Captain Frederick Winthrop. The 
 enemy's first attack was checked and finally repulsed with very great losses. 
 The enemy, remforced, rallied and renewed its charges and assaults on the 
 skirmish line held by Regulars, who, being finally overpowered, were relieved 
 "by the line of battle on which the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment was 
 serving. The enemy renewed its assaults upon this new line of battle, which had 
 advanced and relieved the skirmish line of Regulars. The enemy was repulsed 
 each time with great loss. At intervals of ten or fifteen minutes during the night 
 of the 33rd, the Confederate columns made unsuccessful assaults on both the 
 skirmish and regular lines of battle. When not so rallying to drive the Federal 
 ■column from its strong position, the Confederate sharpshooters and pickets kept 
 up an almost incessant firing. The flow and ebb of pickets' and skirmishers' fire 
 between the contending armies continued the whole night. Frequently the skir- 
 mish line was driven back to the breastworks by the enemy. The occupants of 
 the breastworks composing our main line of battle also became actively engaged 
 in firing and in repulsing the enemy. The defenders of the breastworks, when 
 not so pressed by the enemy, were employed in the work of erecting and in 
 strengthening- the defensive line of breastworks. 
 
 BuiLDixG Bre.\stworks Uxder Fire. 
 To the man in the ranks trying between these attacks of the enemy, with 
 
 v^i4«- J 
 
 • tit' 
 
 
 BUILDING BREASTWORKS UNDER FIRE. 
 
582 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 pick, spade and axe to build breastworks, to drop these implements at short in- 
 tervals and to seize his gun, and every half hour to resume loading and firing at 
 the enemy, was quite trying. To others, worn out and fatigued from picket 
 duty, trying to catch a few moments' sleep behind the breastworks in course of 
 construction, the frequent rude awakening and call to arms was scarcely less 
 provoking. 
 
 C)n the distribution of axes, picks, and shovels to the Regiment with orders 
 to erect breastworks to strengthen the position of the line of battle, the supply 
 of these tools ran out before the writer was reached. At first, this escape from 
 using implements so unfamiliar to him, and the avoidance of expenditure of 
 muscle, was the subject of quiet congratulation by the writer. Later on, however, 
 as the earthworks appeared above the ground it was found that men from 
 the ranks were required to mount the newly-constructed works and with their 
 feet to stamp and ram down the earth being shoveled up by the working detail, 
 and it fell to the writer's lot to be thus detailed. In view of the constant picket 
 firing, skirmishing, and the frequent rallies and charges all along the enemy's 
 line on the Federal position all night during the continuance of the work of erect- 
 ing the earthworks, the position of the rammers surmounting the breastworks, it 
 was discovered, ati'orded a fine target for the enemy. The firing from the 
 Federal batteries, posted on the north side of North Anna, it was also found, 
 was very low and often passed disagreeably close to the craniums of the same 
 " rammers." Indeed, the fire from the enemy's batteries, it was noted, was not 
 so dangerous to the men thus exposed as "" rammers " as was the fire of our own 
 artillery. However, when the combination became too warm, as it very fre- 
 quently did during the night, the writer and his companion " rammers " evacuated 
 and made descents into the breastworks. Their muskets being in readiness, they 
 joined in the firing at the enemy, all building work being suspended until a lull 
 in the battle again occurred and made it comparatively safe to proceed with 
 such work. 
 
 The shocking bad manners of the Confederates in interrupting our evening 
 meal, was bad enough and called for severe criticism, but to continue their an- 
 noying and impudent attentions as they did with musketry and artillery all 
 night, was worse, and elicited very prompt resentment and indignant shots from 
 the Federal nuisketry and artillery. 
 
 Costly Mist.xke of Enemy. 
 
 The enemv paid dearly, however, for the mistake made in leaving un- 
 guarded Jericho Ford, at which Warren's Corps crossed the North Anna, and 
 in also trying to retrieve this error by unsuccessful efforts in attacking columns 
 of infantry and artillery supports to recover the position thus lost and in their at- 
 tempts to drive the Fifth Corps from the impregnable position secured by (jeneral 
 Ayres in crossing the North Anna. Privates \Mlliam S. Hindman, of Company 
 E, and Theodore Baldwin, of Company F, died soldiers' deaths in this battle. 
 Both, though mere boys, were tried and true soldiers in many battles. Young 
 Hindman's parents were pioneer settlers of Elizabeth Township, and voting 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 583 
 
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 Q W 
 
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-584 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Baldwin's family were among the early settlers of Pittsburg. These boys were 
 among the writer's closest friends. 
 
 The opening of the action by the enemy occurred immediately in front of 
 the position occupied by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, and which 
 position continued, as stated, to be a point of assault during the daylight and 
 midnight attacks. The next day, after the enemy had retreated, a visit to the 
 battlefield in front of the breastworks of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers, so hastily constructed, revealed the largest number of the 
 Confederate dead on any portion of the battlefield. 
 
 Credit for Victory. 
 
 The participation of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment in the highly 
 successful battle of North Anna River, May 23rd and 'ii, 1864, fought by the 
 Fifth Army Corps, commanded by General G. K. Warren and the Confederate 
 forces of Generals Breckenridge and Hill, redounds to the credit of the Regi- 
 ment as much as its part in the famous charge at Marye's Heights, Fredericks- 
 burg, or in the storming of Little Round Top, July 3, 1863. Lieutenant-Colonel 
 John Ewing, in the absence of Colonel Pearson, during the action, was in com- 
 mand, with Major John A. Cline, ranking next, assisting in the movements. 
 Whilst the Regiment had sufifered the loss of such able line officers as Captain 
 E. E. Clapp, Company F, and Captain Charles M. Johnson, Company A, killed in 
 the severe engagements of the previous twenty days, since the opening of Grant's 
 campaign, among the line officers of the Regiment who remained, however, were 
 Captain S. A. McKee, Company I; Captain George M. Laughlin, Company E; 
 Captain Samuel Kilgore, Company D ; First-Lieutenant John A. Kribbs, Com- 
 pany G, Captain A. H. Heisey and Captain W. E. Allen, Company H, all of 
 whom sustained their well-deserved records for bravery. 
 
 This sketch of the action at North Anna only covers what fell under the 
 immediate observation of the writer in the ranks of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers. The other brigades of Griffin's, Crawford's and 
 Cutler's entire divisions of the Fifth Corps all bore conspicuous parts and lost 
 heavily in the engagement. The brigade of General J. Bowman Sweitzer, in 
 which was serving the gallant Sixty-second Pennsylvania Volimteers, of Pitts- 
 burg, sustained very heavy losses under peculiarly trying circumstances in the 
 fact that the battle was fought so near the closing days of their term of three 
 years' service in all the battles of the Army of the Potomac. In General Craw- 
 ford's Division was also serving the regiments of the Pennsylvania Reserves, 
 whose respective terms of service of three years was also within a few days of 
 expiring. In the case of both the Sixty-second Regiment and the Pennsylvania 
 Reserves it was truly pathetic that so many of the patriotic soldiers who had es- 
 caped the missiles of war in previous battles, laid down their lives at North 
 Anna, when within a week and some within a day or two of the expiration of 
 their term of service. Particularly conspicuous, because known so well to our 
 Regiment from long association in Ayres' Division at Gettysburg and subsequent 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 58& 
 
 campaigns, was the individual bravery exhibited by Captain Fred. Winthrop,. 
 the young officer ah-eady named as commanding the United States Regulars on 
 the skirmish battle-line at North Anna. Captain Winthrop's appearance attracted 
 attention, being attired in a gaudy uniform. His coolness and intrepidity, as well 
 as his debonair appearance, as he moved along the firing line, twirling in his 
 hands a small riding whip, directing and inspiring his men, elicited the admiration 
 of all his comrades and superiors. 
 
 The significance of the success of the Fifth Corps in the action at North 
 Anna will be understood by the -reader from the view taken of it by Con- 
 federate authorities. Colonel W. H. Venable, of Baltimore, who served on 
 General R. E. Lee's staff, in an address at the Lee Memorial meeting, held in 
 Richmond, on November 3, 1870, states " That General Lee was constantly seek- 
 ing an opportunity to attack the Army of the Potomac — that he hoped to strike 
 the blow at the North Anna, or between the Annas and the Chickahominy ; 
 that he hoped much from the attack on Warren's Corps at Jericho Ford, where it 
 was in a hazardous position, separated from the rest of the army; that General 
 Hill also was sanguine of success in this attack ; but that the main plan miscarried 
 through some mishap, though one or two minor successes on the left flank were 
 effected." 
 
 The losses of the Fifth Corps, between May 32nd and June 1, 18G4, aggre- 
 gated 9 officers and 136 men killed; 34 officers and 735 men wounded. The 
 greater part of these casualties occurred at Jericho Ford, on the North Anna. 
 
 PERILS OF VIDETTE DUTY. 
 By John M. L.\nc.'\ster, Sergeant Company E. 
 
 The experience and special dangers of military duty on the vidette out- 
 post in the advance of Grant's army movements, in the campaign of 1864 against 
 Richmond, is recalled from the time-stained pages 
 of the writer's diary, and memories of service as 
 Corporal of picket guard on the night of June 3, 
 1864. Grant's invading columns had compelled the 
 retirement of the Confederate forces of General 
 Lee to within the outer fortifications of Rich- 
 mond — erected at Cold Harbor. On that day the 
 Fifth Corps, under General Warren, held an 
 important position in the advance at Bethesda 
 Church, and had erected earth works and de- 
 fences of strength and position to resist the 
 assaults of the corps of Confederates in front. 
 Burnside's Ninth Corps joined the Fifth Corps 
 and was assigned with it to the duty of making ^gt. j. m. Lancaster. 
 
586 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 demonstrations and attacks on the large bodies of the enemy to detain them from 
 assisting General Lee in the defence of Cold Harbor works, about to be stonned 
 by Hancock's and Wright's Corps the following day. The enemy became active 
 opposite the Fifth and Ninth Corps, and made frequent assaults and drove in the 
 pickets several times. 
 
 It was on the night of this all day of brisk skirmishing and under these 
 circumstances that the writer was ordered to report with a detail squad of four 
 privates of Company E for special picket and vidette duty. The reserved picket 
 post was immediately outside of the position in intrenchment partially occupied 
 by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment. Captain Samuel Kilgore was 
 
 THE FATAL VIDETTE OUTPOST. 
 
 the officer in charge of the picket guard on the eventful night. To the com- 
 rades of the Company, it is the story of a brave and much-beloved companion 
 whose death on his lonely post was unseen save by God and the enemy. 
 
 It also recalls to the surviving participants the successful recovery of the 
 body of Private Theophilus S. Callen, under severe fire of the enemy. He was 
 a handsome, stalwart country youth, who had just attained his eighteenth year. 
 
 The detail from Company E for that night's perilous duty consisted of Pri- 
 vates C. F. McKenna, Theophilus S. Callen, Newton Hipsley, and R. P. Douglass, 
 in the order named. The first-named went on duty at 10 p. m. in the woods front- 
 ing the breastworks, and. taking a position at the foot of a tree, dug a pit, the 
 
UNDER THE ^ilALTESE CROSS. 
 
 587 
 
 better to conceal his person from the view of the enemy's sharpshooters, who 
 were keeping up a continuous fire. At the end of McKenna's two-hours" round 
 of duty in the position described, he answered the low whistle of Theophilus S. 
 Callen, the agreed signal of the picket approaching to relieve him on the vidette 
 post. The latter, on being relieved by Callen. warned him of the great risk and 
 exposure to the enemy's fire. The two videttes quietly exchanged " good-byes " 
 as they parted for the last time in this world. McKenna, on being relieved. 
 
 ■V- 
 
 THE DETAIL FOR VIDETTE DUTY— HIPSLE Y. DOUGLAS. McKENNA AND LANCASTER. 
 
 crawled back to the reserved picket post and soon rolling into his blanket, took 
 his much-needed rest, expecting not to be awakened until his second turn of 
 vidette duty at the end of four hours was reached. 
 
 Two hours after Callen went on vidette post. Private Hipsley was awakened 
 from his sleep on reserve picket and was sent out to relieve Callen. The latter 
 did not reply to the whistle-signal calls of Hipsley, and, after unsuccessful at- 
 tempts, under the prevailing fire of the enemy, to locate Callen's vidette post, 
 Hipsley returned and reported his belief that Comrade Callen had been killed on 
 
oSS UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 his post. He also announced that the enemy had advanced their hnes, and that 
 a brisk firing from the Confederates was being kept up and was being answered 
 from our lines. 
 
 The writer, becoming much alarmed for the safety of Callen, who had been 
 his continuous messmate throughout all the campaigns, aroused McKenna from 
 his sleep and informed him of Hipsley's report and failure to relieve Callen. 
 McKenna, being already familiar with the location of the vidette post at which 
 Callen had relieved him, promptly volunteered to crawl out to the position, ex- 
 pressing his belief that Callen was probably overcome by fatigue and had fallen 
 asleep, and that through this napping he had failed to hear Hipsley's whistle. 
 On approaching the tree used as a vidette post, he reached out to awaken Callen 
 from his supposed sleep, and was startled to discover the body to be already 
 rigid in death. McKenna at once hurried back from the range of the enemy's 
 shots and on reaching the breastworks reported the death to the writer, as Cor- 
 poral in charge of the detail. Captain Laughlin was aroused from his slumber 
 to learn the sad news. He announced to the members of the Company that he 
 could not order any of his men to incur the great risk involved in advancing 
 under the heavy firing of the enemy to the vidette post to recover the body of 
 young Callen, but that if any companions would undertake to do it, they had his 
 consent. Private ]\IcKenna at once offered to lead the way to any who would 
 accompany him to the outpost, on the sad duty of recovering the body of their 
 young comrade. The writer, accompanied by Privates R. P. Douglass and New- 
 ton Hipsley, arranged to undertake the sorrowful mission, and followed Mc- 
 Kenna on hands and knees, seeking protection of trees from the enemy's sharp- 
 shooters, until they finally reached the fatal vidette post, where reposed the body 
 of their companion. 
 
 Avoiding noises and movements that might attract the attention of the 
 enemy, the detail rolled the body on a blanket, and slowly and quietly carried 
 the body back to the reserve picket post, and lifted it across the breastworks. 
 The clouds shut ofif the moonlight in the woods during the sad journey, so that 
 few shots from the enemy were fired at the rescue party on their returrt 
 movements. 
 
 Private Hipsley returned to serve his two-hours' turn on the fatal vidette 
 post, escaping all injury. He was relieved at early dawn by the advance of a 
 strong skirmish line ordered by General Warren to drive the Confederates from 
 the advanced position they had secured during the night. 
 
 It was found at daylight, on examination of the body, that our comrade had 
 been shot through the head, the ball entering just above the ear. His death was 
 evidently instantaneous, as his gun was still in his grasp. Its chamber was 
 empty and his cartridges had dwindled to a few rounds, indicating his activity on 
 the vidette post. 
 
 At daybreak, inside the breastworks, under a young peach tree in the 
 orchard through which the Union line of earthworks was constructed, we buried 
 our beloved companion, being interrupted more than once during the sad cere- 
 mony by attacks of the enemy, requiring all to rally with their guns to duty in 
 the breastworks close bv. 
 
UNDER THE AIALTESE CROSS. 
 
 589 
 
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5;)i) UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 The Ijurial recalled the well-known lines which young Callen had often 
 recited at the village school of Apollo, entitled, " The Burial of Sir John Moore," 
 commencing : 
 
 ■' Not a drum was lieard, not a funeral note, 
 As his corse to the rampart we hurried; 
 Not a soldier discharged his farewell sliot 
 O'er the grave where our hero we buried." 
 
 A Sister's Pathetic Letter. 
 
 In 18(i(i, the writer accompanied the father of yoting Callen to the battle- 
 field of Bethesda Church, and assisted in the removal of the remains of his son 
 to their final resting place in the village graveyard of Poke Run Presbyterian 
 Church, near Apollo, Westmoreland county. Pa. The grief of the family on the 
 occasion of the second burial, was much increased by the fact that Miss Louisa 
 M. Callen. the favorite sister of Theophilus, in the meantime had died within 
 one year after the tragic death of her brother, and was buried in the family lot. 
 She had just attained her twentieth year. Her death was pronounced by all to 
 be due to the severitv of the shock and grief occasioned by her only brother's 
 death in battle. Her time-stained letter, now nearly forty-five years old, written 
 on receiving word of the death of Theophilus, and the pen sketch of his grave 
 made at the time, are before me as I write. 
 
 This reminiscence could close with no more fitting" sentiment than is con- 
 tained in the touching letter of a dear comrade's sister. Their ashes rest side by 
 side in the peaceful country churchyard, and their spirits are united in the man- 
 sions of the skies. 
 
 Point Home, near Apollo, June 1"2, 18(54. 
 Jno. M. L.\ncaster, 
 
 Dear Friend: We received your letter to father a few days ago, informing 
 us of the death in battle of our only brother. It was a terrible shock to us all. It 
 seems as though we can scarcely bear up under this great affliction. 
 
 It was a hard trial to us the morning he bade us all farewell for a home 
 on the " tented field." I think I can see tears running down his young innocent 
 face as he said those sad words, " Good-bye." There appeared to be loneliness 
 reigning in every place after he left us. But then we had one comfort. His 
 cheerful letters came every week. It was his duty to go when his country called 
 him. and he died in a good cause. He is happy now in the Lord's Kingdom. 
 
 Your kind letter gave us much comfort and consolation in our deep grief and 
 sorrow. Accept our most sincere thanks for the pen sketch of dear Theophilus' 
 last resting place. It was a sorrowful sight to us. We all wept over it. It was 
 a kind gift, and extremely thoughtful of Charles McKenna to draw it. We will 
 ever cherish it in remembrance of him as the last friend who spoke to our dear 
 1)rother on this earth, \\hen we think of Theophilus, all we can now see is that 
 raised mound of clay and the headboard in the sketch. Father intends to have it 
 framed. 
 
 i 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 591 
 
,592 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 If my humble petitions have reached the Throne of Grace, every soldier's 
 name is recorded in the Lamb's Book of Life, as it is now on earth. 
 
 Accept our sincere thanks for the kind, interesting and comforting letter. 
 May you and all your comrades be rewarded for rescuing our dear brother's 
 remains. I hope your lives may be spared, and you and your comrades be per- 
 mitted to return to your peaceful homes. 
 
 Respectfully your friend, 
 
 LOUISA M. CALLEN. 
 
 STORY OF THE REGIMENTAL SURGEON. 
 
 DR. J. A. E. REED, 
 Regimental Surgeon. 
 
 By Doctor J. A. E. Reed, Lanc.JiSter, Pa. 
 
 The writer served with the Regiment, as surgeon, from September 12, 1862, 
 until January 2, 1865, and was in all its campaigns within that period. The ex- 
 haustive forced marches, the sudden 
 change in their mode of life of the men 
 from comfort and convenience to camp 
 exposure produced much sickness in the 
 first bivouacs and camps at Sharpsburg. 
 The emergency that brought into the 
 field so many thousands of new troops 
 in so short a time taxed the Government 
 beyond its powers for immediate relief 
 in the way of medical supplies and 
 stores. Requisitions of General McClel- 
 lan for tents, clothing, and medicines 
 were unavailing. Through the liberality 
 of many citizens of Pittsburg, friends of 
 the Regiment, relief was supplied to the 
 hospitals and camps where the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth was lying. 
 Among these contributions and visitors, 
 the writer can recall James McAuley, 
 James Park, Jr., James Laughlin, Wil- 
 liam Thompson, Samuel M. Kier, and 
 Alexander Bradley, citizens of Pitts- 
 burg. 
 
 The next great occasion for the services of the surgical staff was at the 
 battle of Fredericksburg, where, night and day, in the field hospitals and the 
 houses, churches, and public buildings utilized as hospitals, the three surgeons of 
 the Regiment were occupied in amputations, and the treatment of the many 
 badlv wounded of the Regiment and of Humphreys' Division. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 593 
 
 On April 10, 1863, after the dismissal of Regimental Surgeon Hoffman, the 
 writer was promoted to that position with the rank of Major, Doctor W. Stock- 
 ton Wilson becoming First Assistant Surgeon, the Second Assistant not being 
 appointed until Doctor A. D. Tewksbury came to the Regiment in July, 1864. 
 This period covered the great battles of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and the 
 Wilderness campaign. The service was very arduous and trying on surgeons. 
 On May 3, 1863, after the battle of Chancellorsville, where General Hooker 
 abandoned his field hospitals and all the sick and wounded, and retreated to the 
 north side of the Rappahannock, the writer was in charge of some of the division 
 hospitals of the Fifth Corps, and fell into the hands of the enemy, with all the 
 nurses and guards, together with several thousand wounded and sick Union sol- 
 diers. The writer, a non-combatant, was sent through the lines on May 8th, and 
 returned to the Regiment then in camp near United States Ford. We were later 
 permitted by the Confederates to return with an ambulance train and pass within 
 the enemy's lines to convey those of the convalescent and badly wounded who 
 could be moved, back to our camps. This was under an agreed-upon flag of 
 truce, and we were occupied three days in this duty. Many of the wounded 
 were in such wretched condition as to be incapable of removal, and had to be 
 left within the Confederate lines, with those of our men who had been hospital 
 guards as nurses. Because of l^eing armed guards, and having as such, under the 
 writer's orders, destroyed large quantities of medical stores to prevent their fall- 
 ing into the hands of the enemy, these guards were treated by the Confederates 
 as belligerants and held as such for some weeks, until their status could be de- 
 termined at Richmond. 
 
 While on the march to Gettysburg the writer was appointed Surgeon-in- 
 Chief of the Second Brigade, First Division, Fifth Army Corps. It became his 
 •duty in less than ten days thereafter to take charge of the great field hospital on 
 Little Round Top, Gettysburg. The enormous losses in that battle, the many 
 operations on account of gun-shot wounds and from explosive shells, surpassed 
 that of any previous engagement of the Civil War, because of the greater numbers 
 engaged. The surgeons of the Army of the Potomac were greatly insufficient 
 in number for this great emergency. The patriotic members of the medical 
 profession appeared promptly from all parts of Pennsylvania and adjoining 
 States for immediate duty. Pittsburg surgeons were among the first to report 
 on Little Round Top, on July 3, 1863, before the cannonading had ceased to echo. 
 The writer recalls the presence and active service of Doctors Thos. W. Shaw, 
 John Dickson, A. G. Walter, G. L. McCook, Jr., Thos. J. Gallaher, Mowry, Jones, 
 McCann, Childs, Cornman, and many more whose names cannot now be re- 
 called, who came to alleviate and cheer the wounded. Many of the field hos- 
 pitals and operating tables were under heavy artillery fire July 2nd and 3rd. The 
 surgeons duties were very much increased when the Confederates retreated, aban- 
 doning their badly-wounded and sick. This new charge, the duty of humanity, 
 was assumed, and, with the care of our own wounded, occupied our whole atten- 
 tion for a month following the battle. It was a most exhausting experience — so 
 much misery, so much sufl'ering, with inadequate means of relief adding to our 
 solicitude and responsibility. 
 
594 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 The writer continued with the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania J 
 
 Volunteers, as its surgeon, during the following winter, then through the over- 
 land spring and summer campaign under General Grant, in the great battles of 
 the Wilderness, North Anna, Bethesda Church campaign, and before Richmond 
 and during the siege of Petersburg. On November 11, 1864, owing to the ardu- 
 ous nature of the service, and sickness, the writer asked to be relieved. The 
 Government withheld acceptance of the resignation until January 2, 1865. Doctor 
 E. C. Kitchin was promoted from Assistant-Surgeon of the Twenty-first Penn- 
 sylvania Cavalry, and transferred to the writer's place. 
 
 To attempt reminiscences of the affection of the association with the of- 
 ficers and men of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers at 
 this late date would be a voluminous task. However, the writer cannot forbear 
 expressing his great admiration for the manly, martial, and chivalrous qualities of 
 the Regimental officers and men with whom he had most intimate relations. 
 Colonels E. Jay Allen, John H. Cain, and Alfred L. Pearson, Lieutenant-Colonel 
 John Ewing, Major John A. Cline, Adjutant E. A. Montooth, are all recalled 
 with affection. 
 
 A just tribute is due the memory of the ever-faithful Ellis Thorne, the faith- 
 ful hospital steward, for his fidelity to duty and the strong afifection he had for 
 the comrades of the Regiment, and cordial sympathy for suffering and pain of 
 comrades requiring medical or stirgical relief. 
 
 All these men come to us in memory as gallant soldiers and gentlemen of 
 high honor. To the men who stood " behind the guns," space and time will fail 
 to do justice. The stories of their devotion and duty are well told in these 
 pages. 
 
 It has been a matter of profound regret to the writer, whose home is in 
 Lancaster, Pa., remote from the loeus in quo of the Regimental nucleus in Pitts- 
 burg, and the seat of the Regimental reunions, that he has not been able to 
 fraternize with his comrades. The passing years have thinned their ranks, but 
 their memories ever brighten. 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF HATCHER'S RUN AND FIVE FORKS. 
 Bv Surgeon Elias A. Kitchix. 
 
 Immediately after the battle of the Boydton Plank Road, on recommenda- 
 tion of Doctor Lemoyn, Surgeon-in-Chief of General Gregg's Cavalry Division. 
 the writer was promoted from Assistant-Surgeon of the Twenty-first Pennsyl- 
 vania Cavalry to the position of Surgeon of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, then serving in the advanced skirmish lines 
 and trenches at Petersburg. Doctor T- A. E. Reed, of the One Hundred and 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 595 
 
 Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, acting Brigade Surgeon, had resigned in 
 January, 1865. The first hard battle fought after the writer assumed the posi- 
 tion of Surgeon of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was the severe engagement 
 at Hatcher's Run. The field hospital was located in a house with a room large 
 enough to aft'ord a space for six operating tables, and all were needed and used 
 by the Surgeon. The wounded were brought in in large numbers and amputa- 
 tions of arms and legs became so numerous that the dismembered limbs were 
 thrown out of the windows until the\- made piles as high as the window sills. 
 
 DR. E. C. KITCHIN. 
 Assistant Surgeon. 
 
 During a lull in the battle of Five Forks, General Pearson came to the 
 writer and reported that a Lieutenant of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regi- 
 ment had been wounded in the knee, and asked the writer to save him, saying, 
 " I will give you a thousand dollars, Kitchin, to save the brave Lieutenant Thomas 
 Dunn." An examination was made and an effort made to extract the bullet from 
 the wounded man's knee, but after the surgeons got ready to operate, the surgeon 
 of the Division advised a short delay, and in an hour the brave Lieutenant was 
 dead. 
 
596 
 
 UXDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 In the many cases, owing to the crowding of the hospitals, or slow removal 
 from the field, prompt medical services to all wounded was impossible. The 
 flag of truce at Appomattox came in through the line of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers on the morning of April 9, 1865. A request 
 for a surgeon to dress a wounded Confederate soldier came in at the same time 
 from the truce bearer. The writer answered the request promptly, and in so 
 doing he believes he has the distinction of dressing the wound of the last Con- 
 federate soldier wounded at Appomattox, .\fter performing this duty, and 
 during the suspension of hostilities resulting from the flag of truce, the writer 
 went down toward the Confederate army. He saw, standing under an apple 
 tree, four officers, General Babcock, of General Grant's staff, General Robert E. 
 Lee, commander of the Confederate army, also two Confederate officers of high 
 rank, all apparently awaiting the arrival of General Grant. 
 
 The Confederates around took the surrender good naturedly, but some of 
 the officers looked very cross. When the Confederates were ready to disband, 
 a surgeon of an Alabama regiment came to the writer and made himself known 
 as a Mason, asking for the loan of fifty dollars to enabled him to get home. The 
 writer handed him the money. 
 
 Mrs. Kitchin, the writer's wife, received a check for the loan before the 
 writer reached home. This Confederate's name is William F. Beard, M. D., and 
 his residence Shelbvville. Kv. 
 
 AT THE FRONT AND IN THE HOSPITAL. 
 
 Bv Corporal Fr.vnklin Giljiore, Company A. 
 
 The writer enlisted in the old Splane building, corner of Fifth avenue and 
 Smithfielfl street, on August 18, 1863, in a company called the Hiland Guards, 
 
 being recruited by Captain A. L. Pearson, Edward A. 
 Montooth, and Frank J. Buchard, which later became 
 Company A, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsyl- 
 vania \'olunteers. \\'ith other companies being re- 
 cruited at that time the recruits of Company A were 
 marched to Camp Howe, a miserable, squallid-looking 
 place in Oakland, after the war known as Linden 
 Grove, a famous picnic ground. To keep the fresh 
 recruits in the first camp, in absence of guns, the 
 guards were armed with clubs. 
 
 The first meal in this camp, which was without a 
 
 caterer of any kind, was left to the writer to prepare. 
 
 Captain Pearson's recruits were very hungry on arriv- 
 
 CORP. FRANK GiLMORE. '"S ^^ 'he Camp in the evening, and the writer was 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 597 
 
 detailed to ask Captain Pearson whether he could see the cook, and would like 
 to know what time that worthy would announce supper. Captain Pearson 
 promptly disclaimed any knowledge of such an official as a cook for the camp, 
 and declared that it looked as if supper would not be had until morning, as he 
 saw no arrangements being made for it. The writer, even at the tender age of 
 sixteen, had followed the river, and had some slight experience in cookery. 
 Observing that workmen about the camp were using large, heated pans for gravel 
 roofing the new barracks, and two barrels of potatoes being discovered in camp, 
 Pearson's recruits soon rolled the same over to the pans, dumped them in and 
 covered them with hot gravel. Salt was borrowed or stolen, and completed the 
 menu of the first feast in camp. 
 
 Left Behind .\t Fredericksburg. 
 
 After the charge on Marye's Heights, under Burnside, Colonel Allen detailed 
 the writer and some others of the Regiment for guard duty at the crowded hos- 
 pitals — the churches, public buildings, and the Court House of Fredericksburg. 
 The writer went on duty at the Court House, where the surgeons were kept busy 
 amputating and operating the day and a half the writer was on guard duty. No 
 one on this guard duty had an intimation of the Union army's retreating north of 
 the Rappahannock, as all reports indicated that Burnside was bent on renewing 
 his senseless assault the next morning. To the great surprise of all the guards 
 thus placed on duty, early that morning it was discovered that Burnside's whole 
 amiy had retreated across the pontoons and that his men on hospital guard duty 
 had received no notice, and were consequently abandoned to their fate. Fortu- 
 nately, the morning was foggy and the Confederates were a little late discovering 
 the retreat. The writer and other hospital guards gathered up their effects and 
 hastened down the streets to the river bank, where they found all the pontoon 
 bridges had been lifted, and all the troops and trains were already north of the 
 Rappahannock. It was soon realized that the hospital guards had been aban- 
 doned. The deserted details soon gathered up materials for rafts on which to 
 place their knapsacks, guns and accoutrements, and then they waded into the 
 river, cold and icy as it was. It was the choice of a cold bath or Libby Prison, 
 and they preferred the former. Three hundred hospital guards, thus abandoned, 
 escaped to the north side of the Rappahannock in this manner. 
 
 With Bucktails at Gettysburg. 
 
 At Little Round Top, on the afternoon of July 3d, the writer secured per- 
 mission to leave the Company ranks to join details of the Bucktails and Berdans' 
 sharpshooters, who were on the slopes of Little Round Top, and from behind 
 rocks in front of the position of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth were drawing 
 beads on Confederate sharpshooters concealed in Devil's Den, close by. An ex- 
 citing experience was had on one of the writer's advances close to the Devil's 
 Den. An armed Confederate demanded that the writer surrender. This demand 
 was promptly declined, as the writer dropped down behind a most convenient 
 
698 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 rock. In the movements the tables were turned, and the Confederate accepted 
 the demand of the writer for an unconditional surrender. The writer escorted 
 his prisoner up the hill, reporting to Adjutant Montooth, and the Confederate 
 was turned over to the Division Provost-Marshal. 
 
 The third day after the opening of Grant's Wilderness campaign, after the 
 night march to Spottsylvania, the Regiment was promptly called on battle line 
 on May 8th, Ayres' Brigade musicians playing stirring music. It has been called 
 Laurel Hill, Alsop's Farm, and Spottsylvania. The writer identifies it as the 
 battle in which he was first wounded. Lieutenant " Jack " Campbell, of Company 
 A, loaned the writer a seven-shooter revolver, which came in handy when the 
 Company got into close quarters, as was done there. It was nip and tuck in the 
 race between the contending armies, which should gain the crest of the hill first. 
 The Fifth Corps troops beat the enemy by a short distance. Then began the battle 
 for possession of the hill. The writer was engaged at this point in aiming at a 
 Johnnie, and the Johnnie was reciprocating in kind. The writer has never been 
 able to learn whether his aim was good, but he does know that the Johnnie's was. 
 The writer was " clipped " by a minie ball in the right leg below the knee. The bul- 
 let cut into the bone, and the writer, dropping his gun, rolled down the hill. After 
 lying still in great pain for a while, " Davie " Lloyd, of Company A, appeared, 
 and, being in the Ambulance Corps, he cut a hickory crutch. Thus equipped, 
 the writer rejoined his company, keeping up for several days. The wound be- 
 coming gangrened, the Regimental Surgeon ordered his removal to a field hos- 
 pital. From there the writer was sent by boat to Satterlee Hospital, Philadelphia, 
 where he remained for several weeks, when, at his own request, he was allowed 
 to rejoin the Regiment, then in front of Petersburg. 
 
 At Hatcher's Run the writer's turn again came for an entry on the " Cas- 
 ualty Report " of severely wounded, the minie ball entering the right hip, and 
 passing nearly through the leg. The writer's comrades supported him and pre- 
 vented his being captured. A little German surgeon, on duty at the field hospital 
 extracted the bullet from the writer's leg. This surgeon remarked after the opera- 
 tion, " Veil, I puts dis minie pall in your plouse pocket. May be you vants to 
 keep him." The writer said he did, and he has " him " yet. In this action; 
 Samuel W. Smith, of Company A, was killed. He had served faithfully in the 
 Sixty-second Pennsylvania \''olunteers, and was on the Company's rolls by trans- 
 fer, when that Regiment left for home. "He was a faithful, brave soldier. The 
 writer, after treatment in various hospitals, was transferred to the West Penn 
 Hospital, Pittsburg. En route home, the writer was obliged to leave the train 
 at York, Pa., because of pain and suffering of his wound. The surgeons opened 
 it up and extracted a piece of blouse. The writer remained at the West Penn 
 Hospital until after the close of the war, being kept under constant treatment, the 
 wound baffling the best surgeons in its treatment. From this hospital the writer 
 was taken in a carriage to witness the return of and reception given to the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, on its return from the war, by the city of 
 Pittsburg. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 599 
 
 The grand dinner and exercises at Old City Hall in honor of the Regiment, 
 and the exhibition of zouave drill in the West Common, Allegheny, now North 
 Side, were all attended by the writer. 
 
 During the writer's long treatment for wounds at the hospital in Philadel- 
 phia, and at the West Penn Hospital, in Pittsburg, the trained nurses and at- 
 tendants were the good Sisters of Mercy, who ministered night and day most 
 
 CORP. FRANK GILMORE. 1864. 
 
 faithfully, cheerfully, and without pay, to the thousands of sick and wounded 
 soldiers who were undergoing treatment in those institutions. Their zeal and af- 
 fection and solicitude, as experienced by the writer, could not be surpassed by 
 that of the most devoted mother or sister of one's own blood. Though not of 
 their creed, the writer has ever felt that the Union cause and the suffering sol- 
 diers could never express too much gratitude for the work of these angels of 
 mercy during the Civil War. 
 
600 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 THE FLAG OF THE ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH. 
 By Color-Sergeant Thomas C. Lawsox, Company H. 
 
 At the time of the organization of the Regiment, the 3rd of September, 
 1862, it had not yet come into possession of a flag ; and it was not until the 17th 
 of October following that the boys had any colors around which to rally in case 
 of emergency. 
 
 On that date, while in camp near Sharpsburg, Isld., Colonel J. H. Puleston, 
 military agent of the State of Pennsylvania, as representative of Governor Curtin, 
 presented to the Regiment a beautiful, gold-fringed, silk flag, with cover. 
 Colonel E. Jay Allen accepted the flag in eloquent words, which seemed to affect 
 the men like an inspiration. Already filled with righteous indignation against the 
 foes of the land represented by that flag, they resolved then and there that it 
 should never be dishonored ; and the sequel shows that, while it became weather- 
 beaten and blood-stained, and finally shot in pieces, it was never once trailed in 
 the dust. Literally speaking, it never touched the ground. 
 
 When the bloody charge was made, that flag was always in advance, always 
 led the Regiment, never dragged, and in the bloody repulse, was never left 
 behind. 
 
 At Camp McAuley, Sharpsburg, Sergeant Thos. E. Wiseman was appointed 
 Color-Sergeant by Colonel Allen. Under him, as color guards, were Corporals 
 Thos. J. Marlin, of Company K; Thos. C. Lawson, of Company H ; John Mackin, 
 Company F; Geo. W. Bratten, Company E: Frank Thompson, Company I; and 
 John Hull, of Company D. In the terrible battle of Fredericksburg, Color-Ser- 
 geant Wiseman received a mortal wound in the charge on Marye's Heights. As 
 he swayed, in endeavors to keep his feet, and to hold the shattered flag staff, 
 Corporal Thos. C. Lawson grasped the colors and carried them through the re- 
 mainder of the severe engagement. For that timely act, he received promotion 
 on the battlefield as Color-Sergeant. 
 
 In this fatal charge, Color-Corporal Clias. Bardeen, Company F; Geo. W. 
 Bratten, Company E ; Frank Thompson, Company I ; and John Rankin, Company 
 C, were killed. 
 
 The flagstaff was so badly shattered in two places by the enemy's missiles 
 in the charge, while being carried by Sergeant Wiseman, and the flag itself so 
 riddled and torn that it had to be repaired before it could be used in another 
 battle. Colonel Allen, accordingly, had it sent to Pittsburg, where Mrs. Allen 
 and other well-known ladies repaired the rents in the flag, while J. R. Reed, the 
 well-known jeweler, spliced the flagstaff in two places with strong silver-mounted 
 ferrules, also restoring the eagle surmounting the flag to its normal condition. 
 When thus repaired, in response to the desire of the public to view the honored 
 emblem, the colors were placed on exhibition in the large show windows of the 
 
UNDER THE ^lALTESE CROSS. 
 
 601 
 
 From left to right-Charles Bardeen, Geo. W, Bratten, Sgt. Wiseman. John Rankin and Frank Thompson. 
 COLOR GUARDS KILLED IN CHARGE AT MARYE'S HEIGHTS. 
 
602 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 book store at Fifth avenue and Smithfield street, then conducted by the late John 
 W. Pittock. 
 
 Thrilling Incident to Flag on Furlough. 
 
 An incident occurred on the return of the flag to the Regiment, which is 
 worth mentioning. Colonel Allen had received " leave of absence " by reason of 
 serious illness in camp, and had been ordered home for medical treatment, when 
 Private Samuel W. Hill, of Company F, who had also been granted a furlough 
 of ten days, visited Colonel Allen, at the latter's home the day before returning 
 to the Regiment in the field. Colonel Allen was confined to his bed, and being 
 very solicitous about the return of the flag as repaired to the Regiment, requested 
 Private Hill to be the bearer of the flag back to the Regiment, a mission which 
 Hill accepted as a compliment. As Private Hill was the bearer of various pack- 
 ages of cigars, tobacco, and presents and remembrances from home to companions 
 in camp, burdening down his knapsack and filling his haversack, the addition of 
 the flag and staff, as well as the oilcloth covering, to the other freight in his 
 charge, made no light load for him to manage. Hill succeeded in getting on board 
 the cars safe and without injury to the flag. On changing cars, however, at the 
 station in Baltimore, the flag came near meeting with disaster which would prob- 
 ably have required further repairs. As Private Hill was ascending the steps of 
 the coach with his many burdens, the length of the flagstaff and the width of his 
 bulging haversack and well-filled knapsack made it difficult for him to get all 
 his burdens safely aboard the car. The flagstaff being so long and inconvenient 
 to handle, Hill missed his footing and fell back on the platform, but bravely re- 
 couped and rallied around the flag, finally landing it on the platform of the 
 coach in safety, as if storming a fort, much to his own gratification and that of 
 some alarmed spectators, who feared that in his anxiety to save the flag he might 
 meet with great bodily injury. Private Hill, the next day, proudly delivered Old 
 Glory to Lieutenant-Colonel Cain, commanding the Regiment, and received the 
 latter's congratulation and thanks for the successful discharge of the important 
 duty assigned him by Colonel Allen, as temporary color-bearer of the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth Regiment. 
 
 Governor Curtin \'isits Camp. 
 
 In this battle the flag was pierced thirteen times by rebel bullets and canister 
 shot. On the 25th of March following. Governor Andrew G. Curtin, Pennsyl- 
 vania's " War Governor," visited the Brigade. As he rode through Humphreys' 
 camp, and by the Regiment, which had been drawn up in rank to salute him, the 
 Governor noticed the bullet holes in the flag. He stopped and counted them, and 
 remarked on the " baptism of fire " to which the Regiment had been exposed. 
 
 In the subsequent campaign, in the early days of May, while the Army of 
 the Potomac was under the command of General Joseph Hooker, Color-Sergeant 
 Lawson carried the flag safely through the ill-managed and disastrous battle of 
 Chancellorsville. 
 
 i 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 603 
 
 COLOR-SGT. THOMAS C. LAWSON. 
 
60i UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 In the latter part of June, 18(53, following the Chancellorsville campaign, 
 Color-Sergeant Lawson, while on the march to Gettysburg, met with an accident 
 which disabled him from marching in the ranks, and he gave the flag into the 
 charge of Corporal Matthew Bennett, of Company I, who gallantly carried it to 
 the summit of Little Round Top, where Corporal John Mackin, of Company 
 r, and Thomas J. Tomer, of Company E, both serving as color guards, received 
 severe wounds. After the battle of Gettysburg, Sergeant Lawson sought 
 permission to return to duty in his Company. His request was granted, and 
 Corporal Thomas J. Marlin was promoted to the position of Color-Sergeant, 
 which he held until the muster out of the Regiment on June ?, 186.5. 
 
 In the terrible charge in front of Petersburg, on the 18th of June, 1864, 
 Color-Sergeant Marlin was struck on the chin by a minie ball, which disabled him 
 for the time being. \\'ithout allowing the flag to fall, Color-Corporal L. E. Mc- 
 Pherson, of Company C, seized the staff and carried the flag off the field. Color- 
 Sergeant Marlin. though badly stunned, was not seriously injured, and resumed 
 his duty as color-bearer the next day. He was never once ofT duty from that time 
 on until the Regiment was discharged. As engagement succeeded engagement, 
 his affection for the flag deepened until it seemed a part of his life. On the long, 
 weary march, on the field of battle, facing storms of lead and hail and shrieking 
 shells, amid the dead and dying. Sergeant Marlin bore the flag he loved so well — 
 always in the front, always where it could be seen as a rallying point, when in 
 the turmoil of battle the Regiment was thrown into confusion. 
 
 On the famous charge at Peebles' Farm, which General Warren characterized 
 as one of the most heroic charges of the war, Color-Sergeant Marlin vied with 
 the color-bearer of another regiment in the rush to see which would succeed in 
 planting his colors first on the enemy's works. Being almost exhausted. Sergeant 
 Marlin called upon First-Sergeant Thomas C. Anderson, of Company I. to assist 
 him ; and the two succeeded in placing our fiag ahead of all others upon the 
 enemy's works. 
 
 On another occasion, the battle of the Quaker Road, sometimes called Lewis' 
 Farm, Colonel Pearson galloped up to the color-guard, and demanded the colors. 
 Color-Sergeant Marlin refused to give them, saying, " Tell me where you wish 
 the flag to be carried, Colonel, and I'll take it there." Colonel Pearson, however, 
 seized the flag, and, shouting, " Follow me, men, or lose your colors," rode furi- 
 ously up to a sawdust embankment, behind which many of the enemy were con- 
 cealed. With a wild hurrah I the Regiment dashed after the Colonel, and cap- 
 tured the embankment and many prisoners. For this gallant act, Colonel Pear- 
 son was promoted to Brevet Brigadier-General, and awarded a medal of honor 
 by Congress. 
 
 Having already carried the flag through a score of battles, Color-Sergeant 
 Marlin had become so attached to it that he would have carried it into the jaws 
 of death rather than part with it. 
 
 Color-Sergeant Thos. J. Marlin, as one of the humble agents of the Deity, in 
 carrying out his wise and merciful intentions for the good of mankind, performed 
 well his part. Having carried the flag to a glorious victory — a victory world- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 605 
 
 embracing in its beneficent effects upon the destinies of mankind — he paid the 
 debt of nature, on February IS, 1905, at Tarkio, Atchison county, Missouri, where 
 for many years he had resided, practicing medicine. 
 
 When Color-Sergeant Marhn returned the flag to the State from which it 
 had been received nearly three years before, there was nothing left of the dear 
 old baimer but the weather-beaten flagstait and a few shreds of silk. It was 
 none the less revered by the Regiment on that account. Its frayed remains form 
 part of the trophies of the great Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, an integral part 
 of the Union, for the redeeming of which her sons gave freely their lives, and 
 of their blood. Thank God, every star in that old flag, though tattered and torn, 
 is still in its place. 
 
 OFFICIAL INSCRIPTIONS ON REGIMENTAL FLAG. 
 
 Head-Quarters, Armv of the Potomac. 
 
 General Orders, 
 No. 10. 
 
 In accordance with the requirements of General Orders, No. 19, of 1862, 
 from the War Department, and in conformity with the reports of boards con- 
 vened to examine into the services rendered by the troops concerned, and by au- 
 thority of the Lieutenant-General Commanding Armies of the United States, it is 
 ordered that there shall be inscribed upon the colors or guidons of the follozving 
 regiments and batteries, serving in this army, tlie names of the battles in zvhich 
 they have borne a meritorious part, and as hereinafter specified, viz: 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS 
 
 Antietam 
 
 Fredericksburg 
 
 c h a n cellorsville 
 
 Gettysburg 
 
 Rappahannock Station 
 
 Mine Run 
 
 BoYDTON Plank Road 
 
 Wilderness 
 Spottsylvania 
 North Anna 
 Tolopotoriy 
 Bethesda Church 
 3d Hatcher's Run 
 White Oak Road 
 
 ApPOil.'VTTOX 
 
 Cold Harbor 
 Petersburg 
 Weldon Railroad 
 Peebles' Farm 
 Hatcher's Run 
 Lewis' F.arm 
 Five Forks 
 
 By command of MAJOR-GENERAL MEADE, 
 
 George D. Ruggles, 
 Assistant Adjutant-General. 
 
606 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 RETURN OF REGOIENTAL FLAGS TO STATE. 
 CoRt'OR.\L S. W. Hn.L, Company F. 
 
 Ix 18l)(i an informal reunion of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment 
 Pennsylvania \'okmteer.s was convened in Pittsburg, at the call of General A. 
 L. Pearson, who had been officially notified by the State authorities at Harris- 
 burg that the formal return of all Pennsylvania Regimental flags would take 
 
 jilace with appropriate ceremonies on July 
 i. 1S6G, at Independence Hall, Phila- 
 delphia. This was the first reunion of the 
 Regiment. Captain Samuel Kilgore was 
 elected chairman of the Committee of 
 Arrangements to furnish delegates from 
 the Regiment to serve as color guards at 
 the ceremonies attending the return of the 
 Regimental flag. 
 
 The State of Pennsylvania." at the 
 session of its legislature in 1865, had 
 ])assed an appropriation providing for mili- 
 tary and other exercises at the official 
 ceremonies attending the return of the 
 State flags. At that early date, following 
 tiie close of the war, there were in the 
 Senate and House of Representatives a 
 gi iodl\- number of Civil War veterans serv- 
 ing as members, who were appointed as a 
 Committee of Arrangements in behalf of 
 the State. They chore for their chairman. General Harry White, of Indiana, 
 Pa., a distinguished veteran, and prisoner of war. The most eminent Generals of 
 Pennsylvania were ];laced upon prominent committees, as commanders of divisions 
 and organizations taking part in the patriotic ceremonies. 
 
 The Honorable Andrew G. Curtin. at that time Governor of the State, Hon- 
 orable Morton McMichal, Mayor of Philadelphia, City Councils and Judges of 
 Supreme Court of the State, had conspicuous places assigned them on the plat- 
 form. Lieutenant-General U. S. Grant and members of his staff in full uniform, 
 and Major-General George G. Meade, accompanied by Generals Hancock, 
 Humphreys, Crawford, Geary. Negley, Rowley, Hartranft, Birney, McCandless, 
 Brooks. Gregg, Averill, Huidekoper. MullhoUand, Collis. Coulter. Sweitzer, Pear- 
 son, and many other distinguished Generals occupied the front seats on the plat- 
 form durino' the ceremonies. 
 
 SENATOR HARRY WHITE. 
 
^^3i 
 
 iV>! 
 
r 
 
 RETURN OF REGIMENTAL FLAG TO STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA, 
 Independence Hall, Philadelphia, July 4, 1866. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 607 
 
 The military display, in charge of General Hancock, consisted of several 
 divisions of the National Guards from different parts of the State of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and a division of veterans of the Civil War, under command of General 
 John W. Geary. Many of the veterans marched in their regulation army uni- 
 forms, which they had preserved from the year previous, when discharged at 
 Appomattox. The delegation of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment 
 from Pittsburg attended in the full zouave uniform of their service, attracting 
 no little attention in the parade on account of its unique and attractive features. 
 At the head of the Regimental 
 Zouave color guards marched 
 Captain Samuel Kilgore, as its 
 commander. This officer had 
 a magnificent record as a veteran 
 soldier, and an equally fine repu- 
 tation for proficiency in drill. 
 
 In the ranks of the Regi- 
 mental detail, appointed for color 
 guards to attend the memorable 
 ceremonies in Philadelphia, were 
 Color-Sergeants Thomas J. Mar- 
 lin and Thomas C. Lawson, 
 and Color-Corporals Charles A. 
 Walters, Harry M. Curry, and 
 Sergeants John H. Kerr, S. W. 
 Hill, Charles F. McKenna. John 
 C. Sias, David Johnston, W. F. 
 Coiner, John T. Porter, George 
 Hunter, and Sergt.-Major \\'m. 
 Shore, all of whom had followed 
 the blood-stained colors now be- 
 ing returned, in the many battles 
 of the Civil War. The route of 
 the parade was from City Hall, 
 Philadelphia, to Independence 
 Square. There was an immense 
 assemblage greeting the march- 
 ing column along the entire 
 
 route, and the decorations of public and private buildings were elaborate. Many 
 veterans from adjoining States had also assembled to witness the ceremonies. 
 
 General Harry White, as Chairman of the State Committee on the cere- 
 monies, called the meeting to order in a brief address, and introduced Major- 
 General George G. Meade, the commander of the Army of the Potomac, under 
 whom most of the Pennsylvania regiments had served. General Meade told in 
 - the appropriate speech of a soldier briefly the story of the flags being returned, 
 and the services of the brave men who had borne the colors in so many battles ; 
 then turning to Governor Curtin, who was standing opposite him, he proceeded 
 
 
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 MAJ.-GEN, W. S. HANCOCK. 
 
608 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 to introduce the first color-bearer carrying the first regimental flag on the 
 list of two hundred returned flags, to the Governor. The ceremonies had been 
 pre-arranged so that each flag being returned could be promptly handed to Gen- 
 eral Meade, who passed it to the guards in attendance on Governor Curtin, rep- 
 resenting the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The old flags thus turned over 
 attracted the closest attention of the audience as the name of the Regiment was 
 announced, and as the men who carried the banners in the four years of the terrible 
 war appeared and delivered the bullet-riddled flags to the Governor, they, too, 
 were received with cheers and great applause and every evidence of affectionate 
 admiration. 
 
 A Hlstoric Sce.xe. 
 
 The picture presented on this historic occasion was most impressive. Oc- 
 curring in the city of Philadelphia, beneath the shadow of Independence Hall, 
 with its Old Liberty Bell, Lidependence Square, the famous Carpenter's Hall, 
 the presence of Grant, Meade, Hancock, Humphreys, Negley, Hartranft, Pearson, 
 and the other distinguished Generals already named, with the scarred veterans 
 standing on sacred and indeed holy ground, all were events distinguishing the 
 Pennsylvania regiments in this ceremony from all others who had taken part in 
 the Civil War. But the culmination of the presentation ceremonies was still more 
 impressive, and is most difficult to adequately describe. There stood Governor 
 Andrew G. Curtin, the great War Governor, who had but a few years before, 
 in the army camps, personally or by pro.xy presented to each and every Penn- 
 sylvania regiment, these same flags in their virginal purity, accompanied with 
 the sublime and patriotic orations which his National reputation as an orator 
 fitted him so well to deliver. 
 
 This memorable day the Governor was to receive the return of the same 
 flags, now bullet-ridden and blood-stained, to the State. How different was the 
 scene, and the appearance of these same National emblems ! They were two 
 hundred and six in number ; and as the tattered strings, the shattered flag stafifs, 
 smoke-begrimed and bloody remnants of the regimental flags were presented, 
 they recalled to the Governor the deeds and losses of each command in battle, he 
 was at times overcome with emotion, and tears trickled down his cheeks. At the 
 close of the delivery of the flags to the Sergeant-at-Anns of the State, in accord- 
 ance with the program, it became Governor Curtin's duty, in response to General 
 Meade's address, to accept the return of the flags on behalf of the State of Penn- 
 svlvania. Alatchless orator as Governor Ciu'tin had proved himself to be on all 
 other occasions, after a very brief, eloquent response, he declared the occur- 
 rences, the scenes, and the memories arising before him as too overpowering for 
 him to proceed with an address of greater length and appropriate to the occa- 
 sion. He closed with patriotic tributes and greetings to the assembled veterans of 
 the regiments who had carried these colors through the roar and shock of a hun- 
 dred battles. 
 
 An incident in which the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth delegates and officers 
 were united in approving on this occasion, was the presentation by the city of 
 Philadelphia of a magnificently-mounted sword to Major-Gcneral .Andrew A. 
 
COLOR-SERGEANT THOMAS J. MARLIN. 
 Returning Regimental Flag to the State of Pennsylvania 
 July 4th. 1866. 
 
" NOTHING BUT FLAGS." 
 
 Nothing but tlags ! but simple flags ! 
 Tattered and torn and hanging in rags ; 
 
 And we walk Lieneath them in careless tread, 
 Nor think of the hosts of the mighty dead. 
 
 Who have marched beneath ni da) s gnne bs , 
 \\ nil a Ijurning cheek and a kindling e)e. 
 
 And have bathed their folds with tlu-ir life's young tide 
 And dj'ing blessed and blessing died. 
 
 Nothing but flags — yet, methinks, at night. 
 They tell each other their tales of fright! 
 
 And dim spectres dime, and their arms entwine 
 'Round each ^tantlanl torn — as the_\' stand in line ; 
 
 As the word is given, they charge ! they form ! 
 And the dim hall rings with the battle storm. 
 
 And once again through the smoke and strife, 
 These colors lead the nation's life. 
 
 Nothing l)ut flags — yet the)-'re batlied in tears; 
 They tell of triumphs, of hopes, of fears; 
 
 Of a mother's prayers, of a boy away. 
 Of serpents crushed, of the coming day ; 
 
 Silent they speak, and the tears will start — 
 As we stand beneath them with throbbing heart. 
 
 And think nf those who are ne'er forgot, 
 Their flags come home; why come they not? 
 
 Nothing but flags, yet we hold our breath. 
 And gaze with awe at these types of death ; 
 
 Nothing but flags, yet the thoughts will come. 
 The heart must pray though the lips be dumb ! 
 
 They are sacred and pure and we can see no stain 
 On these dear, loved flags come home again ; 
 
 Ba])tized in blood, our purest, best. 
 
 Tattered and t<irn, thev are now at rest. — Anon. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 G09 
 
 Humphrej's, the Division commander of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth at 
 Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville. 
 
 The ilhistrated scene in colors of the return of the flags accompanying this 
 article represents the particular moment, when the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth color guard responded to the roll call to transfer the remnants of their 
 Regimental colors on the platform to the grand old Commonwealth. 
 
 The State of Pennsylvania, promptly after the transfer of the Regimental 
 flags, erecteid a magnificent building on the Capital grounds at Flarrisburg for 
 the care and preservation of the sacred emblems. This " Hall of Flags," with 
 museum of the relics of the Civil War, is the Mecca of surviving soldiers and 
 their descendants on pilgrimages to the State capital. It is pathetic to witness 
 the lingering admiration and touching devotion displayed by the veteran visitors 
 as they inspect their regimental flags displayed with appropriate tablets in the 
 huge cases with glass panels, where the colors are at all times open to the in- 
 spection of the public. 
 
 A COUNTRY BOY IN THE ARMY. 
 By Color-Corporal Arch N. Euwer, Company C. 
 
 In August, 1863, the writer left his brother's farm in New Texas. Alle- 
 gheny county, to enlist, being then in his sixteenth year. He attended the war 
 mass-meeting held in West Common, Allegheny City, 
 and heard the great orators from the dozen or more 
 stands describe the imperilled Union, and before leav- 
 ing the meeting the writer actually enlisted. At a 
 recruiting stand in the Common was a sign announcing 
 that to be the headquarters of the " Iron City Park 
 Engineers." After a few minutes conversation with 
 Captain John H. Cain, in charge, the writer enrolled 
 his name, and the company was organized as Company 
 C, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers, under Colonel E. Jay Allen. The writer under- 
 went the strenuous life for a few days at Camp Howe, 
 the recruiting camp in Pittsburg, and recalls the still 
 more strenuous first march of three miles of the 
 heavily-burdened recruits from the camp to the rail- 
 road station in Pittsburg. Captain Lee Anshutz became Captain of the conipan}-, 
 Captain Cain being promoted to Major. 
 
 CORP. 
 
 N. EUWER. 
 
 The impression of the first sight of a battlefield, being scenes at Antietam, 
 will never be effaced. After the battle the writer took a stroll over the field and 
 
610 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 into the town of Sharpsburg, and the sights were enough to shock the stoutest 
 heart. The enemy in retreating had left their dead and wounded behind, and 
 the day following General Lee sent a flag of truce asking General McClellan 
 to allow him to send Confederate surgeons to attend upon their wounded. As 
 the number of the latter ran into several thousands, and the Union General had 
 no surgeons to spare from the hospitals crowded with Union wounded, the re- 
 quest of General Lee, on the grounds of humanity, was granted. Besides the 
 trenches and ditches into which the dead were removed for burial, there was a 
 ravine along the road-side known as " Bloody Lane," in which a thousand Con- 
 federate bodies were exposed just as they had been killed in battle. In the town 
 of Sharpsburg dead Confederates, killed in yards and on doorsteps, lay un- 
 touched, as the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment and Humphreys' Division 
 passed through to the Potomac at Shepherdstown Ford. The town of Sharpsburg, 
 being between the contending armies, suffered severely. All the inhabitants had 
 fled. The sights of hundreds of Confederate wounded, mere boys, whom the 
 Regiment also passed on the roadside where the surgeons had placed them after 
 amputation of legs and arms, to secure the benefit of the sun's warmth, was also 
 sad. But still more sad were the number of bodies at the same field hospital, of 
 the dead who had expired under operation, awaiting burial. This was the writer's 
 introduction to war — ^but two weeks after the Regiment had left Pittsburg. 
 
 The death of Captain Lee Anshutz, commanding the writer's company, in 
 leading the desperate charge on Marye's Heights, Fredericksburg, with the 
 awful carnage of that great battle under Burnside, brought home to all of the 
 Regiment the horrors of war, in the sight and scenes of their own dead and 
 wounded companions. Colonel Allen's conspicuous bravery was an inspiration 
 to his men on that occasion. Captain Anshutz had endeared himself to all of the 
 Company by his manly courage and affectionate interest in his men. 
 
 After the charge of the 18th of June, Colonel Pearson appointed the writer 
 a Color-Corporal, and in that capacity he served until the surrender at 
 Appomattox. 
 
 At the battle of Peebles' Farm, while serving with the colors, the writer 
 was wounded on the left side, fortunately, however, not requiring him to report 
 to the hospital. 
 
 Color-Corporal Tom McCush, of Company L was killed at the Battle of 
 Five Forks. He was a popular favorite in the Regiment. The writer recalls a 
 remarkable conversation he had with Corporal McCush the morning of the bat- 
 tle, when it was apparent that the war was about ending, as Petersburg had 
 fallen and the enemy was in retreat. The Corporal declared that there would 
 still be severe fighting, and that many more lives would be lost, adding that he 
 believed his own would be among the number. The writer discouraged the pre- 
 sentment thus expressed, but among the killed in action of that day was the 
 writer's fellow color-corporal, Thomas McCush, in his nineteenth year. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 611 
 
 CAMPAIGNING WITH COMPANY A. 
 By Private Nathan N. Fullerton. 
 
 NATHAN N. FULLERTON. 
 
 The writer was with the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment from its 
 start in Pittsburg to its discharge and muster out in Pittsburg. There are but 
 a few survivors having this record. The great bat- 
 tles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, 
 Gettysburg, Wilderness, Laurel Hill, Cold Harbor, 
 Petersburg, and Five Forks, ending with the glorious 
 surrender, will no doubt occupy chapters of the Regi- 
 mental History, so that references to the same will 
 be unnecessary. 
 
 At the battle of Laurel Hill, following the 
 Wilderness, Company A lost its brave commander, 
 Captain Charles C. Johnston, who was killed in the 
 thickest of the fight. He was one of three brothers 
 serving in the company — Lieutenant Edward P. 
 Johnston, who lost his arm in the battle of June 18th, 
 and James P. Johnston, who was discharged for dis- 
 abilities contracted in the service. Sergeant William 
 
 Justice and Corporal Franklin Gilmore were also severely wounded at Laurel 
 Hill. 
 
 One, becoming reminiscent of the campaigns and sieges and incidents of the 
 war, scarcely knows where to draw the line, there being so many incidents likely 
 to interest comrades, but space forbids to refer in detail to the events. 
 
 One incident of more than ordinary interest occurs to the writer as appro- 
 priate. It happened the day and night before the battle of Five Forks. General 
 Bartlett's Brigade, of Griffin's Division, in which the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth was serving, was ordered to advance to connect the cavalry and infantry 
 lines of the Fifth Corps. Along in the afternoon the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 came across the Confederate cavalry, and part of the Regiment was deployed by 
 Major Cline, commanding, as skirmishers. The enemy's cavalry fell back to the 
 main lines, being closely followed by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, 
 in front of which the regiment was checked. By this time it was almost dark 
 and a picket line was formed by the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth along the ridge. 
 Orderly-Sergeant William Justice, Robert Martin, George West, Chauncey Eck- 
 enrode, and the writer, all of Company A, were stationed in position watching a 
 road from the enemy's works leading down to the valley. Some time during the 
 night, without any notice to Sergeant Justice, the other pickets of the regiment 
 
G13 UiNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 were withdrawn, and Sergeant Justice's squad were left alone. When later the 
 moon arose, it was found that all the Union pickets except the squad in which 
 the writer was, had been withdrawn. Not feeling like facing the large number 
 of the enemy in front, Sergeant Justice gave the order for the squad to fall back, 
 which they proceeded to do. The squad had not gone far when a party of sol- 
 diers, evidently not friendly to Yankees, was encountered. This party demanded 
 that the writer's party halt and that one of the squad be sent in advance to them. 
 The writer's party halted, but refrained from sending out any one as requested. 
 Finally, after some parley, Eckenrode did advance and was promptly made a 
 prisoner. 
 
 On discovering that the writer's party were Yankees, they at once opened 
 fire on them. The remaining four of the writer's squad ran at a double-quick 
 at once to make their escape. In their great hurry, the Company A squad be- 
 came separated, Martin and West keeping together and going one way, and 
 Sergeant Justice and the writer keeping company. Martin and West struck the 
 right direction for the Regiment, reaching it the next morning. Sergeant Justice 
 and the writer, being more flustrated, went wrong. The Confederate party fol- 
 lowed the retreating picket squad for a time, but were finally distanced. It was 
 learned afterwards from Eckenrode that the party of Confederates were a few 
 guerrillas, and not part of the Confederate army. 
 
 The first person Sergeant Justice and the writer met the next morning, after 
 making their escape, was General A. L. Pearson, whose brigade had command 
 of the pickets and wagon trains. He was pushing forward his part of the Fifth 
 Corps on its forced night march to Five Forks. As the writer's party was en- 
 tirely out of rations and hungry. General Pearson had his cook at once furnish 
 them with a good, substantial breakfast of warm coffee and hardtack. Sergeant 
 Justice and the writer arrived just in time to join their company and regiment 
 as it was about to go into action at Five Forks. 
 
 Eckenrode was held a prisoner until recaptured just before the flag of truce 
 came in at Appomattox, where the Regiment was on duty on advanced skirmish 
 line. Eckenrode's reappearance with the company was hailed with joy. Com- 
 rades seeing him on that occasion will ever remember the expression of great 
 relief and delight showing in his countenance as he took his place in the company 
 ranks. He was further overjoyed, as were all others present, when a little later 
 the order reached the skirmish line to " Cease firing," and the knowledge that 
 the war was at last ended was received. The writer is not aware that any others 
 of the squad of five on that eventful picket duty are now surviving. 
 
 The last service rendered by the writer — and a most gratifying one — was to 
 serve as mounted orderly to General A. L. Pearson, commanding Brigade — the 
 young Captain under whom the writer had enlisted in Pittsburg scarce three 
 vears before. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 613 
 
 THE CHARGE AT FI\E FORKS. 
 By Orderly-Sergeant J- A. McDowell. Company F. 
 
 The important battle of Five Forks, which resuhed in the fall of Richmond 
 and Petersbnrg, has been so often and so well told that it would be presumption 
 upon the part of the writer to attempt to improve upon or even to equal the 
 many vivid descriptions of that sanguinary action. 
 
 Having been an active participant in the engagement, however, the writer 
 believes that his peculiar experience therein may prove of interest, not only to 
 those comrades who were with him in that famous charge, but to the general 
 reader interested in the details' and incidents of a great battle. 
 
 On the evening before the battle, a detail of troops, of which the writer was 
 one, was sent out to the left of the Fifth Corps lines to endeavor to effect a 
 junction with Sheridan's Cavalry. This detail, encountering a strong force of 
 the enemy, failed to make a connection with the Union cavalry, but held their 
 ground against the enemy until dark, when they sought safety in a hasty retreat 
 to the Union lines. The next morning the entire Fifth Corps, Major-General 
 Warren commanding, moving to the left, made the desired connection with Sher- 
 idan's troopers, and preparations were at once commenced to attack the enemy's 
 works. 
 
 It was well along in the afternoon before General Warren succeeded in 
 getting all his divisions and brigades into position to carry out his plan of at- 
 tack. Just before the advance began. General Warren rode in front of our line 
 and said, " Boys, you know .the reputation Sheridan's cavalry has, now show them 
 how you can fight ; " and we did. 
 
 The division, brigade, and regimental bugles sounded the charge. The at- 
 tack by the C)ne Hundred and Fifty-fifth was gallantly made, but unfortunately 
 the regiment struck the enemy's works at a point which was just in the process 
 of being reinforced. Rushing out of the woods and falling rather unex- 
 pectedly upon the hostile works, the alignment of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth was badly broken, and facing the fire, not only of the enemy defending the 
 works, but also of his reinforcements, the regiment sutf'ered a temporary re- 
 pulse. It was during this first charge and repulse of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth that the writer was taken prisoner and ordered to go to the enemy's 
 rear. This he refused to do, having a vivid horror of a trip to and imprisonment 
 in Andersonville. The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth having quickly rallied and 
 returned to the attack, the enemy had little time to give attention to the few 
 prisoners left in their hands from the first charge of the Regiment, or, perhaps 
 they would have shot the writer for his refusal to go to the rear. While the 
 Confederates were giving attention to and preparing for the second attack by 
 
614 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, the writer advanced to a position between the 
 Hnes of the contending forces, from which, while closely hugging mother earth 
 like a land turtle, he could see the movements of both sides. Being a prisoner 
 during the interval between the first and the second charge of the Regiment, the 
 writer saw more of this battle than he did of any other battle in which he was 
 engaged during his entire three years of service. While closely hugging the 
 ground and watching eagerly, he could see the pine bushes wilting down from 
 the fire of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth like grass before a mowing machine 
 as the Regiment swept forward. Soon the line rushed over the writer, and 
 became engaged for a short period in a hand-to-hand combat with the enemy, 
 forcing them to surrender. 
 
 Being unarmed, the writer, with other rescued prisoners, immediately went 
 to the assistance of the wounded of his Company. They found our young Cap- 
 tain, George P. McClelland, badly wounded, and, putting him upon a blanket, 
 carried him back to a church in the rear. The writer stayed with Captain Mc- 
 Clelland all night, ministering to his wants, but was sent for in the morning by 
 Lieutenant Wm. H. King to report to his Company as Orderly-Sergeant. Lieu- 
 tenant King, on the fall of Captain McClelland, took command of the Company in 
 the battle, and remained in command for the rest of the campaign, ending in the 
 surrender of Appomattox. 
 
 No braver or more faithful officer than " Doc " King, as Lieutenant King 
 was affectionately termed, served in the army. 
 
 It is due the men of Company F to note that the list of killed and wounded 
 tells the story of their heroism better than any praise the writer can give them. 
 It was a matter of pride to the men of Company F to serve with such leaders as 
 Captain McClelland, Lieutenant W. H. (Doctor) King, Harry Curry, Corporal 
 Samuel W. Hill, Corporal James J. Carroll, and Privates William P. Ketcham 
 and Wm. M. Birch, all of whom, in this last battle of the Fifth Corps, maintained 
 their deserved reputation as gallant soldiers. 
 
 The writer has always had the reputation of being " stubborn as a mule," 
 and, when ordered by the enemy at Five Forks to go to the rear of their line after 
 being captured, he stubbornly refused to go. It is quite possible it was this dis- 
 tinguishing trait of character that saved him from several days hard marching 
 and starving within the Confederate lines. 
 
 THE LAST MAN KILLED IN THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. 
 
 By Sergeant John H. Kerr, Company I. 
 
 The surviving members of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment 
 Pennsylvania ^■olunteers feel justly proud of its record made in its three years' 
 historic campaigns with the Army of the Potomac, and of the twenty-eight bat- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 615 
 
 ties ill which it participated, all luminous with the valor of the brave men, 
 living and dead, who fought under its storm-bleached and bullet-riddled flag. 
 It needs no praise from us. And as one of the " three hundred fighting regi- 
 ments," we can leave its record as now unalterably fixed in history beyond the 
 power of mortal man either to enhance or dim. 
 
 But by the fortunes of war, and the circumstance of the position it occu- 
 pied, we can claim for it the distinctive honor of firing the last shot of the Army 
 of the Potomac from the skirmish line at Appomattox. That shot is historic for- 
 evermore. It was the parting salute of war to the coming of the goddess of 
 domestic concord and fraternal union. As the missile speeds on its way of ruin 
 and afifright, a white smoke follows after it, parts from its uppermost curve and 
 melts into the higher air of heaven like the Angel of Peace spreading her wings 
 as the harbinger of the better day. 
 
 The Death of Montgomery. 
 
 Company I had the distinguished honor of contributing the last man killed 
 in the last engagement of that historic army — William Montgomery, who fell at 
 the most advanced post of our line, on the 9th of April, 1805, one hour before the 
 final surrender. Sergeant-Major Shore, who shortly afterwards escorted the flag 
 of truce through our lines, related at the time that he saw young Montgomery 
 struck by a shell from a rebel battery just in front of and a little to the right of 
 the skirmish line of the regiment, that seemed to scatter the body of the brave boy 
 into a hundred pieces. It turned out afterwards, however, that what seemed to 
 be fragments of the body, were parts of his clothing and accoutrements, and that 
 the shell had mortally wounded him by tearing away a part of his right thigh. He 
 was borne from the field by stretcher-bearers and taken to the field hospital, and 
 later to the General Hospital at Farmville, Va., v\'here, after intense suffering, he 
 yielded up his gallant spirit on April 28, 186.5 — offering his life as a peace offering, 
 and his blood as a sacrament of reconciliation between the warring sections of a 
 divided land. 
 
 He belonged to a fighting family. His brother, Standish Montgomery, 
 served in Company I, One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Regiment Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, and lost a leg at Spottsylvania ; his uncle, John Peppard, also served 
 in Company I, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 was severely wounded at Hatcher's Run, and falling into the enemy's hands, was 
 never heard of afterwards. 
 
 There is something truly pathetic in the fall of this young patriot, less than 
 seventeen years of age, on the last day of the war. That cruel fate, by the mar- 
 gin of one short hour before the surrender, within which he received his death 
 wound, should deprive him of returning with the victorious legions to home 
 and friends, saddened the hearts of his comrades amid the general rejoicing of 
 the Nation's triumph. But while to our short-sighted vision his death seems 
 untimely, we know that no higher honor could have come to him than to have his 
 
616 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 name and Appomattox wedded forever in immortal history. That through death 
 he received his coronation, 
 
 " And that he wears a truer crown 
 Than any wreath that man can weave him." 
 
 me:\iories of appomattox. 
 
 E!v Captain George M. Laughlin, Brevet-Major. 
 
 During the final campaign of the Army of the Potomac, after the victory 
 of Five Forks and in the pursuit of General Lee's forces from Petersburg to 
 Appomattox, the writer was serving as Aide-de-Camp on the staff of General 
 Charles Griffin, who had been placed in command of the Fifth Army Corps dur- 
 ing the progress of the battle of Five Forks. The pursuit of Lee during its 
 whole progress was incessant and dogged, entailing long, weary marches, begin- 
 ning early in the morning and lasting long into the night, with constant ex- 
 pectancy of battle, and at times anxious periods of isolation, as at Jetersville, 
 where for twenty-four hours the Fifth Corps was alone, standing sentinel be- 
 fore Lee's army, blocking his way south from Amelia Court House, and com- 
 pelling his course still on to the west. Never, perhaps, in any army or cam- 
 paign did troops perform such feats of rapid and persistent marches, and dis- 
 play such enduring stamina as did the foot soldiers of the Fifth Corps in fol- 
 lowing closely the cavalry of Sheridan in the flank movements of those last days, 
 alwa3's standing in the way of Lee's escape south, and finally bringing up with 
 the cavalrv between the Confederate columns in the position of their last stand 
 and their promised supply trains at Appomattox. Hard and wearing as these 
 days and nights were, there was yet that pleasurable and sustaining excitement 
 always present in all the ranks, incident to the consciousness of successful ac- 
 complishment. Cut off most of the time from immediate contact with other 
 parts of the grand army, with only occasional glimpses of converging columns, 
 and the sound of guns in hostile contact with rear guards and forlorn hopes of 
 the fleeing enemy, yet as with veteran soldiers always, with instincts quick to 
 read battle signs, clouds in the sky, ever advancing guns, these valiant men of the 
 Fifth Corps plodded on, ever doggedly on, with hungry and determined and 
 confident hearts, as the hound follows the scent growing wanner, and with the 
 vision before them of the last ditch, the end of that long three years of clash and 
 recoil, of stroke and counter-stroke, with this same kindred foe, now to be 
 brought to bay. 
 
 Panorama Before Surrender. 
 
 Even if they Fifth Army Corps had not through four long years of almost 
 constant hardship and battle, of devoted service, filled with brilliant deeds, proved 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 617 
 
 its discipline, its devotion and undaunted heroism, these marches, this light against 
 nature's limitations, would have made its history glorious ; for the end of its ac- 
 complishment was the beginning of peace, and of this Corps, the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, was an important part. I 
 am sure that all those still living of that devoted regiment, will recall those days 
 of pursuit with enthusiasm, and remember that last day's jog trot far into the 
 night of April 8, 1865, when the tired troops were pernlitted to fall down to 
 coveted sleep, only to be called to march again after two hours, in response to 
 Sheridan's appeal for aid of infantry, he having with his cavalry brought Lee's 
 army to stand on their only line of escape, and of the hurried march in the early 
 hours of that historic morning of April 9, 1865, spurred on by the sound of the 
 cavalry in contact with Lee's advance, until the column was halted behind the 
 hills commanding Appomattox. General Griffin, with his staff and escort, imme- 
 diately rode forward to the hill tops to reconnoiter, and what a panorama was 
 disclosed on that fair Sunday morning under a brilliant rising sun. the " Sun 
 of Austerlitz " for us. In front a gradually declining slope, carpeted on that 
 spring day as with green velvet, of wide expanse on the right, the open ground 
 reaching to the town, the Court House rising in the center. About 1,000 yards 
 in front was a road entering the main street of the village, and behind the fences 
 the Confederate line was posted in advance of their main body, in the effort to 
 drive back Sheridan's troopers. As this situation came into view, instantly with 
 the quick eye of the old artillery commander, General Griffin realized the strength 
 of that position, and ordered batteries to the front and into position, and the 
 troops forward. Soon the battle lines were formed, and the skirmishers started 
 the advance down the slope, and as the cavalry retired to right and left, became 
 engaged with the rebel lines. Under this fire our skirmish line hesitated along the 
 banks of a brook at the base of the hill, and General Griffin directed the writer 
 to go forward and push the line across, and while thus engaged, another staff 
 officer rode up with orders to stop firing, as a flag of truce had come in. This" 
 was accomplished with difficulty : for as soon as the fire on one part of the line 
 was stopped, rebel shots evoked retaliation. Before the advance was stopped 
 by the truce, the battle lines had moved forward, and when halted were in three 
 lines across this wide expanse of hill side clad in the fresh green of spring. 
 And after announcement that a truce had been agreed upon, until General Grant 
 should reach the front, the troops, as they stood in lines of battle, were ordered 
 to stack their arms and remain in position. 
 
 Glory of Gettysburg and Appomattox. 
 
 The spectacle presented on that bright spring morning was one never to be 
 forgotten, and whether looking from the summit of the highland around Appo- 
 mattox, or from the village itself, it was of surpassing beauty and grandeur. 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, as part of the Fifth Army Corps, 
 was indeed fortunate in having been permitted, from vantage positions, to look 
 on two of the most decisive and most inspiring scenes of the War of the Re- 
 bellion, and perhaps the most spectacular of any in the history of wars — Gettys- 
 
61S UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 burg, from the summit of " Little Round Top," and the mihtary pageant pre- 
 sented at the moment of the truce at Appomattox. The troops of the Corps, not 
 yet fully deployed, in deep lines, stretching around a vast amphitheater under a 
 bright sun on a carpet of fresh green, and looking over a quiet and apparently 
 untenanted town, and on the lower land beyond, the enemy brought to bay, with 
 their foes before them and behind them. And then what one who was there can 
 forget the emotions inspired, the consciousness that the end was accomplished, 
 and that he had a part in the glory of it? 
 
 General Griffin and Staff Fired on After Flag of Truce. 
 
 After the firing along the lines had been stopped, and the truce was in 
 force. General Griffin with his staft' and escort started from his lines to enter 
 the town, and as the cavalcade approached the entrance of the main street, the 
 temptation was too great to be resisted by the rebel skirmishers, to " pot " this 
 flock of Yankees, and a volley sent whistling bullets through the mass, fortunately 
 with casualties only to horses, but the eft'ect was ludicrous, looking back on the 
 incident, however serious it might have seemed at the time ; for everybody in the 
 posse, save the General, whose dignity had to be maintained, was moved by the 
 same consideration, that it was not the part of prudence to run undue risk of 
 being killed after the war was over, so there was an impetuous charge for the 
 shelter of the barns and outbuildings of the town. This fusilade quelled, the 
 General with his retinue proceeded on through the town to the Court House, an 
 old and dignified building with ample grounds enclosed by an iron fence set on 
 stone base. Here the party halted and dismounted, soon being joined by other 
 Generals of both armies. And this scene was unique, and furnished a com- 
 mentary on the character of the war, a war of brother against brother, friend 
 against friend ; for here were gathered commanders of troops who, but an hour 
 before, were in hostile conflict, sitting along the stone fence, recalling memories 
 of their boyhood at West Point, or of their service on the frontier plains, without 
 rancor, but seeming as though they had casually met again after long absence. 
 
 Grant and Lee IMeet. 
 
 On the arrival of General Grant and General Lee, they proceeded to the 
 McLean House, on the main street, just within the village, where soon gathered 
 a large array of general officers from both the armies, and of all arms, and while 
 the momentous conference was being held within, on the broad porch across the 
 front of the house, and over the wide lawn without, an imposing concourse of 
 Generals with their staff's were met, commanders on many heroic fields, and 
 heroes of many brilliant deeds, men whose names will live in history forever 
 as leading actors in the events of the most momentous conflict of all history. 
 And thev seemed met here as guests one of the other, rather than as enemies, and 
 talking together of everything else than of the deadly business they had but just 
 now been in. 
 
 The conference between the two great commanders over, they appeared on 
 the porch and descended the long steps together, General Grant escorting General 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 619 
 
 Lee across the lawn to his horse, which was being iield by an orderly, the two 
 central figures engaged in a dignified and courteous parting. What a glorious 
 moment it was to the armies of the Union, and how full of proud memories it 
 has been to those of us who were permitted to be partakers in this grand climax 
 of the Civil War. 
 
 Note. — On December 7, 1908, Major George M. Lauglilin. the author of the fore- 
 going article, died. He was deeply interested in the work of this history, and had 
 served as Treasurer of the Regimental Association for seven years prior to his death. 
 
 THE ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH IN WAR AND IN PEACE. 
 A ROLL-CALL OF SUR\T\^ORS. 
 
 By Priv.'Vte John T. Porter, Company H. 
 
 made for themselves a glorious record in the 
 
 For true American manhood and grit, the boys of Western Pennsylvania 
 composing the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, afterwards 
 known as the Pearson Zouaves 
 
 Civil War. At the time of enlistment, they were in 
 the blossoming season, a great majority being be- 
 tween sixteen and twenty years of age. Their imme- 
 diate exposure to the severe hardships of military life 
 within a week from their departure as recruits from 
 Pittsburg, made them only a hardier fruit when 
 ripened into veteran soldiers. The numerous cases of 
 promotion in the military service, as well as the prom- 
 inent careers in civil life of many of this Regiment 
 after the close of the war, indeed makes its record 
 most remarkable. Thus, from a lieutenant it pro- 
 duced, before the close of the war, a Brevet Major- 
 General in its Colonel, A. L. Pearson. From Second- 
 Lieutenant, for gallant and meritorious conduct on 
 many battlefields, ending with Appomattox, George 
 M. Laughlin was brevetted Major; and very important and conspicuous duties 
 on the staff of General Grififin, commanding Fifth Corps at Appomattox, were 
 assigned to him on that eventful occasion. 
 
 General Griffin's troops fired the last shots at the enemy, and received the 
 flag of truce at Appomattox. Captain John Ewing, of Company H, was suc- 
 cessively promoted to Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, and finally brevetted Colonel 
 for gallantry in the field. Captain John A. Cline, of Company K, has the same 
 record of promotions for gallantry as was awarded Colonel Ewing, and was in 
 command of the Regiment at Five Forks and at Appomattox, Lieutenant E. A. 
 
 JOHN T. PORTER. 
 
620 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 COMMANDERS 165TH PA. VOLUNTEERS IN CIVIL LIFE. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 631 
 
 ADJT. E. A. MONTOOTH. 
 
1 
 
 622 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Montooth, of Company A, promoted to Adjutant of the Regiment, was brevetted 
 Major for gallantry displayed on many campaigns, ending with Gettysburg. 
 Lieutenant Samuel Kilgore, of Company D, was promoted to Captain and also 
 brevetted Major, for special gallantry. George F. Morgan, of Company E, now 
 of Chicago, was promoted successively Sergeant of Company E. Sergeant-Major, 
 then Second-Lieutenant, and Captain of Company G, and finally Brevet-Major, 
 for bravery while serving on the staff of Brevet Brigadier-General A. L. Pear- 
 son, in command of the skirmish line at Appomattox. Sergeants John H. Irwin, 
 of Company C, and William Shore, of Company D, after being promoted to 
 Sergeant-Major of the Regiment, were each promoted to Lieutenancies of their 
 companies. John T. Denniston, private of Company E, was promoted to Second 
 and First-Lieutenant successively, and later ■ was appointed with the rank of 
 Captain to the staff of Brigadier-General Thos. A. Rowley. 
 
 Colonel E. Jay Allen, the organizer of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 Regiment, and its commander in the Antietam and Fredericksburg campaigns, 
 although compelled by disabilities contracted in the service to tender his resig- 
 nation, earned the highest credit for the soldierly qualities he developed out of 
 the raw material, both officers and men, who made up the Regiment in Pittsburg. 
 The conduct of Colonel Allen, in leading the Regiment in its baptism of fire in 
 the disastrous battle of Fredericksburg, is part of the history of the Civil War. 
 It made a name for Colonel Allen as a brave and accomplished soldier, and im- 
 mortalized the Regiment as appears in the official reports. Although unable to 
 assume command, he was present with the Regiment at Gettysburg. 
 
 From Captain of Company C, John H. Cain, after a service and most hon- 
 orable record at Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg, 
 earned promotion successively as Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Colonel. 
 
 Geo. Booth, of Company D, was promoted from Private to Sergeant in the 
 United States Signal Corps, Army of the Potomac. 
 
 In the walks of civil life the promotions to honorable positions, of survivors 
 of the Regiment were numerous. General Pearson and Major Montooth were 
 each called by the citizens of Allegheny county, soon after the war, to serve as 
 District Attorney, Major Montooth being later the candidate of Western Penn- 
 sylvania counties for the Republican nomination for Governor. He died on 
 February 9, 1898. His great popularity would have undoubtedly secured him 
 high political honors had his life been spared. Years ago, when it was an un- 
 questioned honor to serve in the Legislature of Pennsylvania, Colonel John 
 Ewing, Lieutenant R. B. Brown, Major George F. Morgan, Sergeant John H. 
 Kerr, of Company I, and Michael B. Lemon, of Company E, of the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, ably served their constituents in that body. The 
 two most distinguished Color-Sergeants of the Regiment, Thomas C. Lawson, 
 of Brookville, Pa., and the late Doctor Thomas J. Marlin, of Tarkio, Mo., se- 
 lected the medical profession as their life calling at the close of the war, and 
 each in turn attained high rank for skill, and unblemished characters in their re- 
 spective communities. Captain John A. Kribbs, of Company G, during his army 
 service, was so impressed with the high character and good example of his com- 
 rades in the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, that, on return to civil life, he entered 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 623 
 
 MEMBERS OF 155TH REGIMENT IN CIVIL LIFE. 
 
024 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 REV. J. A. KRIBBS, LIEUT. CO. G. 
 
 the ministry. He is now enjoying the 
 
 deserved esteem and the respect of all 
 
 denominations in his field of labor, 
 
 Zelienople, Butler county, Pa. 
 
 The legal profession attracted three 
 
 well-known privates. L. E. McPher- 
 
 son, of Company C, for a long time 
 
 color-corporal, has been for many years 
 
 a solicitor of the Pullman Company in 
 
 Chicago. John PI. Kerr, of Company I. 
 
 and Charles F. McKenna, of Company 
 
 E, have won enviable reputations for 
 
 character and ability as members of the 
 
 Pittsburg Bar, and other positions of 
 
 honor in civil life, the latter being es- 
 pecially honored by President Roose- 
 velt with the appointment of Federal 
 
 judge of Porto Rico, which, after three 
 
 years' service, he resigned to resume the 
 
 practice of his profession in Pittsburg. 
 
 Of other important pursuits and callings 
 
 since the war, held by members of the 
 
 Regiment, may be mentioned Major George M. Laughlin, managing director of 
 
 Jones & Laughlin's American Steel Works, Pittsburg. Robert P. Douglass, of 
 
 Company E, was long manager of the Eliza Fur- 
 nace Works, of this Steel Company, and subse- 
 quently a member of the Pittsburg Board of 
 Assessors. The late Harry M. Curry, Corporal 
 of Company F, was, at his death, treasurer of 
 the Carnegie Steel Company. Though not quite 
 so profitable a position, for ten years Comrade 
 Curry served as treasurer of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Regimental Asso- 
 ciation, and ever evinced great interest in their 
 reunions until his death. In casting about for a 
 successor to the exalted and important position 
 of treasurer to the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 Regimental Association, Major George M. 
 Laughlin was the unanimous choice of the Asso- 
 ciation. Notwithstanding his many other busi- 
 ness cares and engagements, he has given the 
 duties of the office the required attention for sev- 
 eral years past. 
 
 Corporal Samuel W. Hill, of Company F, 
 
 since the close of the Civil War, rose to the rank 
 
 ROBERT p DOUGLAS ^^ Coloucl of the Fourteenth Regimental Penn- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 625 
 
 MEMBERS OF 155TH REGIMENT IN CIVIL LIFE. 
 
626 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 sylvania National Guard. He rendered most efficient service in representing Gov- 
 ernor Hastings in the duties devolved upon him in administering the State relief 
 work, during the period of the Johnstown Flood, sacrificing, for months, his pri- 
 vate business in the performance of these public duties. Major Samuel Kilgore, 
 of Company D, was elected county, and subsequently city treasurer. George 
 Booth, Sergeant of Company D, was re-elected several terms City Clerk of Pitts- 
 burg, and at the date of his death was serving as Director of Public Charities. The 
 late James P. O'Neill, of Company E, served on the editorial staff of several 
 papers of Pittsburg, displaying great ability and capacity as a writer. Captain A. 
 H. Heisey, of Company C, is a well-known glass manufacturer in Newark, Ohio. 
 Lieutenant John T. Denniston has been for many years auditor of the Union line, 
 Pennsylvania Railroad. The late George P. Fulton, Sergeant of Company E, for 
 a long time president of the Regimental Association, was for many years principal 
 
 of the Hiland schools, Nineteenth Ward, Pittsburg. 
 Captain Frank Gilmore, a Corporal of Company 
 A, is a successful Ohio River pilot, steamboat captain 
 and coal operator. 
 
 Lieutenant E. ^l. Lee, of Company H, became a 
 successful merchant in Clarion, Pa. 
 
 Sergeant \\". A. Craig, of Company H. con- 
 ducts a large flour mill at Sligo, Pa. 
 
 ^^'illiam P. Ketcham, of Company F, is located 
 at Clinton, Montana, and is a highly successful 
 Mining Engineer. 
 
 Lieutenant, Captain, and Brevet-Major George 
 
 P. McClelland, of Company F, became a resident of 
 
 lieut^'^lija'm lee Davenport, Iowa, where he prospered in the lumber 
 
 business, and died on December 27, 1898. 
 Sergeant James B. Palmer, of Company C, was promoted, in December, 1863, 
 to the rank of Captain and Regimental-Quartermaster. Later he was promoted 
 to be Division-Quartermaster, ser^-ing in the actions of the Fifth Corps on the 
 staff of Generals Weed, Garrard, and Griffin, in all campaigns down to and in- 
 cluding Appomattox. 
 
 David P. Allen, of Company F. has served his adopted State, Nebraska, as 
 Justice of the Peace, for many years. 
 
 Orderly-Sergeant Joseph M. Cargo, of Company C, became a Justice of the 
 Peace in Rochester, Beaver county, Pa. 
 
 Corporal Arch N. Euwer, of Company G, is a prosperous farmer in Cin- 
 cinnati, Appanoose county, Iowa. 
 
 The late Noah H. Pangburn, of Company E. was for many years Burges.s 
 of Beaver Falls, Pa. 
 
 Of the surgeons of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers, Doctor J. A. E. Read is still practicing in his home city, Lancaster, Pa., 
 as also is Doctor W. Stockton Wilson in Newark, N. J., and Doctor Elias C. 
 Kitchin in Berks county, Pennsylvania. Doctor Tewksbur\', assistant surgeon 
 f ro n July, 1S64, until muster out, has not been heard from for many years. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 637 
 
 Major Alarshall, in his history of Company K, in 1885, gives the Doctor's ad- 
 dress as Ashley, Pa. 
 
 Captain John C. Sweene}-, of Company D, became a resident of Salem, Ohio, 
 where he died in December, 1905, much esteemed. 
 
 Lieutenant Robert Thompson, of Company E, followed his trade in Pitts- 
 burg until his death. David K. Stevenson resumed his pulpit in the ministry of 
 the M. E. Church in Blairsville and the Blairsville district of Pittsburg Con- 
 ference until his death. 
 
 Jacob S. Friend, of the same Company, is a well-known resident of Mc- 
 Keesport, where he is at present to be found in the City Assessor's office. Ser- 
 geant Jas. A. ^McDowell, of Company F, now of Washington, D. C.. has been for 
 manv years prominent in the Red-Cross work, under Miss Clara Barton, and 
 rendered efficient service in Cuba. 
 
 Captain John Markle died a few years ago at his home in Los Angeles, 
 Cal. He had been a resident of West Newton nearly all his life. 
 
 Lieutenant Henry A. Breed is a well-known Pittsburg real estate man. 
 
 First-Sergeant William F. Colhier, until his death, was still a resident of 
 Clarion, Pa., and had been both sheriff and prothonotary of Clarion county, and 
 was prominent in business. 
 
 Captain D. E. Lyon, of Company H, a successful business man, now a resi- 
 dent of Allegheny, Pa., for many years has held the position of Quartermaster- 
 Sergeant of Post No. -3, Department of Pennsylvania, G. A. R. 
 
 Captain W. E. Allen, of Company H. is a merchant and resident of Parker's 
 Landing, Pa. ; and Lieutenant S. Q. Blair, of the same Company, lived at Evans 
 Citv, Pa., and had held responsible public positions until his death. 
 
 Captain Benjamin B. Kerr, of Company B, after the war, was engaged in 
 business in New York, and is at this writing a resident of Sawtelle. Los Angeles 
 county, California. 
 
 Captain Henry W. Grubbs, of Company B, was located in Chicago when he 
 died a few years ago. Lieutenant John ]\I. Campbell, of Company A, after his 
 return, became a bank official in Pittsburg, and many years ago went West and 
 located in Nevada, where he became an editor. His present location is unknown. 
 
 Sergeant Milton L. Meyers, of Company B, was for many years previous 
 to his death, manager for the well-known Hostetter & Smith Co., of Pittsburg. 
 He died greatly regretted. 
 
 Major John A. Cline, of Company K, was until recently located at Belle- 
 fonte, Kansas, where he was for many years Postmaster. Was last heard from 
 at Dodge City, Kansas. Captain Ben Huey, of Company K, died in Kansas a 
 few years ago, as did also Sergeant and Brevet-Major D. P. Marshall, and K. 
 G. Fleming, all of the same Company, in the same State. John Robinson, Regi- 
 mental sutler, was a good enough soldier to go into actions with a gun on his 
 shoulder, which he was wont to do, as if not exempt as a non-combatant. When 
 he returned home to Pittsburg, he worked at his trade as a compositor, and 
 finally drifted West, where he still edits a paper in Iowa. 
 
 Private Robert M. Gulp, of Company B, long the champion old-age survivor 
 of the Regiment, died at his residence in Allegheny City, now North Side, at the 
 
6-38 
 
 UXDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 '^<i. 
 
 J. MILTON HAYS. 
 
 venerable age of eighty-nine. Comrade Culp's 
 great rival for advanced age was " Davy " 
 Lloyd, of Company A, the Regimental teamster, 
 who gave up the age contest with the venerable 
 Culp and passed away in his eighty-fifth year, 
 in Elizabeth township, Allegheny county. 
 
 A photograph of Comrades Culp and J- 
 Milton Ha}s. of Company A, taken at the 
 Bellevue reunion in 1907, labeled " the oldest 
 and the youngest veterans of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth," is reproduced in the Regimen- 
 tal History. 
 
 Sergeant John j\L Lancaster, who, as 
 Orderly-Sergeant, led Company E in the last 
 l\ittle and on the return march or muster out, 
 to Pittsburg, is an esteemed resident, with his 
 family, at Hazelwood, Pittsburg. A pathetic 
 result of the war was the concussion produced 
 by a comrade's gun in battle exploding prema- 
 turely almost in the face of Sergeant Lancaster, 
 so injuring his right eye that, after suffering intensely with it for nearly thirty 
 years, to save the sight of the remaining eye. the injured eye was operated on 
 and removed. 
 
 James B. Richards, of Company E, wounded on the charge of the 18th of 
 June, after the war married and settled at Brownsville, Pa., where he died twenty 
 years afterward, as the physician certified, from the continued results of his 
 wound. 
 
 John F. Hunter, Company C, had his right arm amputated from a wound 
 received while serving as orderly to General Humphreys, in the battle of Fred- 
 ericksburg. He served for many years as Street Commissioner in Pittsburg with 
 credit and fidelity. He now lives in Crafton, Pa., and never misses a reunion of 
 the Regiment. 
 
 Harry F. Weaver, Corporal of Company B, who suft'ered the loss of his foot 
 from wounds received in the storming by the enemy of Little Round Top at 
 Gettysburg, has been for many years active as Notary Public and Auditor, and 
 Secretary of financial institutions in the city of Pittsburg. 
 
 Private William Dewalt, of Company A, a well-known business man, lost 
 his arm from wounds received at First Hatcher's Rim, in October, 1864, and 
 now lives in Monongahela, Pa. 
 
 Thomas E. Morgan, of Company E, has been a successful merchant in 
 Carnegie, Pa., and having passed through all the stations of Esp_\- Post, and is 
 still vigorous and hearty. 
 
 John C. Sias, of Company L has been for many )ears an efficient clerk in 
 the County Commissioners office, Pittsburg. He has been Commander of John 
 W. Patterson Post, 151, G. A. R., and a delegate to every State Encampment of 
 the G. A. R. for many years, by unanimous choice of his post. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 629 
 
 ^^'illialn B. Ramsey. Private of Company K, is holding even the scales of 
 justice as magistrate or Justice of the Peace at Parker's Landing. 
 
 Spencer P. Barrett, of the same Company, joined the Pennsylvania colonists 
 in Kansas, and has sent his war-time picture for this history. 
 
 Sergeant Arthur W. Bell, of Company E, was promoted to be First-Lieu- 
 tenant of Company G. He was a brave and gallant officer. He died in 1RT8. 
 
 Ralph Bradley, of Company B, is serving in the important office of Meat 
 Inspector of Pittsburg. 
 
 Charles A. Walters, of Company L who has a fine record as color-corporal, 
 has for manv ^•ears past been in the foundry and stove business in Allegheny 
 City. 
 
 Thomas J. Alarlin, so long color-bearer of the Regiment, settled in Tarkio, 
 Mo., where he acquired a reputation as a skillful physician, and also for his 
 literary effusions. He died at Tarkio in February, 190.3. 
 
 John Milton Hays, of Company A, has been for thirty years past a mail 
 carrier in the city of Pittsburg. 
 
 Casper Vill, of Company C, the name of his stepfather under which he en- 
 listed, on his return to civil life, resumed his family name, Henzel, and has been 
 for many years a successful hardware merchant in Pittsburg. 
 
 Sergeant George Hunter, of Company D, was long foreman of the shoe 
 factories at Riverside, and is now living Retired on North Side, Pittsburg. 
 
 Joseph j\I. Keifer, of Company H, who is still a great sufferer from wounds 
 received in battle, is in the grocery business in Allegheny City. 
 
 James J. Carroll, Corporal of Company F, has been in the employ of the city 
 of Pittsburg, in the Bureau of Public Works. 
 
 Colonel E. Jay Allen, who contracted permanent disabilities in his military 
 services, some years after his return to civil life, was appointed Chairman of the 
 Board of City Viewers of Pittsburg, and filled the position most acceptably for 
 twenty' years. He has since been in retirement, but frequently indulges his 
 literary taste, lately publishing a collection of his poems, and recently revising 
 and re-publishing his sketches entitled the " Oregon Trail," written fifty years 
 ago for the Pittsburg Dispatch, at which period Colonel Allen was in the Gov- 
 ernment service in Oregon and Washington territories. 
 
 Colonel John Ewing, after the war, removed from Clarion, Pa., to Pitts- 
 burg, where he engaged in the wholesale drug business, and later in the iron and 
 steel mantifactory, from which he retired a few years ago. He now resides in 
 the Shadyside district of Pittsburg. 
 
 The thriving village of Bridgeville has two of its most honored citizens 
 survivors of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. The one being Sergeant James 
 A. McMillen, who served throughout the war in Company D, with a most en- 
 viable record. The other citizen is Richard B. Davis, also of Company D, a 
 prosperous business man who never missed a battle from Antietam to 
 Appomattox. 
 
630 UNDER THE ^L\LTESE CROSS. 
 
 John T. Denniston, Private of Company E, was promoted to Second and 
 First-Lieutenants successively, and later was appointed with the rank of Captain 
 to the staff of Brigadier-General Thomas A. Rowley. 
 
 Private W'm. J. JMcKeever. Company F. wounded in battle at Fredericks- 
 burg, was, on visiting home by reason of wounds, discharged by United States 
 Court, on petition of his parents, on grounds of his minority. He re-enlisted 
 in Seventh United States Infantry and served five years, being again wounded 
 in action and honorably discharged, with rank of Sergeant. He has long oc- 
 cupied a responsible position with the wholesale house of Thomas C. Jenkins, 
 Pittsburg. 
 
 Sergeant James F. Parker, of Company C, was wounded at Gettysburg 
 quite seriously, but returned from hospital and persisted in serving until the 
 end of the war. He settled in Beaver county, Pa., and only survived the war 
 a few vears, his death being due to the effects of his army service. 
 
 There are doubtless numerous other survivors of the One Hundred and 
 Fiftv-fifth whose honorable and succes>ful careers in civil life reflect credit upon 
 the Regiment, but their location being unknown, it is impossible to mention 
 them. 
 
 SGT. JAMES F. PARKER. 
 
PF^OGF^MS 
 
 mmmWk 
 
 GETTYSBURG 1886 TO 
 FREDERICKSBURG 1908,^,^. 
 
633 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Ye are they the people honor 
 
 As with broken ranks ye come, 
 Moving on to solemn measures, 
 
 Of the battle-stirring drum. 
 Ye are they the people honor. 
 
 Battle scarred, and gray with years 
 Paying you the lofty tribute 
 
 Of a Nation's love and tears. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 633 
 
 ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTy\L ASSOCIATION. 
 
 At the first meeting of the comrades of the society of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, held at jMunicipal Hall, in Pittsburg, 
 August 14, IST."), for the purpose of organizing a Regimental association of the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania \'olunteers. Comrade 
 George P. Fulton was elected President, George Booth, Corresponding Secre- 
 tary; James P. O'Neill, Assistant Secretary, and Harry M. Curry, Treasurer. 
 
 On motion of Comrade S. W. Hill, seconded by Comrade Booth, the financial 
 committee, consisting of the President, George P. Fulton, Secretaries George 
 Booth and James P. O'Neill, and Comrades John F. Hunter. Samuel Kilgore and 
 John H. Kerr, were directed to secure Lafayette Hall for the 17th day of Sep- 
 tember, day and evening, for the first reunion of the Regiment. 
 
 On motion of Comrade John H. Kerr, seconded by Comrade George Booth, 
 the matter of badges to be worn, and all other proper and necessary preliminary 
 arrangements were delegated to the Committee of six already appointed, with 
 instructions and power to carry out all arrangements for a reunion. 
 
 On motion. General A. L. Pearson, Major E. A. Montooth and Charles F. 
 
 McKenna were unanimously chosen as a Committee on Ways and Means of the 
 
 First Reunion. Captain Samuel Kilgore was appointed Marshal. 
 
 GEO. P. FULTON, 
 
 President. 
 
 Geo. Booth, ) „ 
 
 T T-. /-N.xT i- Secretaries. 
 
 James P. O Neill, 
 
 FIRST REUNION 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Lafayette Hall, Pittsburg, Pa., 
 Friday Evening, September 17, 1875. 
 
 Order of Exercises. 
 
 Music Great Western Band 
 
 Reveille S.J. Heflick and Jos. Orr 
 
 Music Glee Club 
 
 Alex. A. McCandless, M. D., George M. Alexander, George T. Petty, J. E. Porter. 
 
 Poem Colonel Edward Jay Allen 
 
 National Airs Great Western Band 
 
63-4 UNDER THE -MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Oration John H. Kerr, Esq. 
 
 Music Glee Club 
 
 Long Roll S. J. Heflick and Jos. Orr 
 
 grand march to banquet hall. 
 Major Saml. Kilgore, j\L\rshal. 
 
 '' Who are these the people honor 
 
 As with broken ranks the)- come 
 Moving on to solemn measures 
 
 Of the battle-stirring drum? 
 Bearing banners stained by conflict 
 
 Trophies won on fields of blood: 
 Comrades, by their deeds united. 
 
 Bound in one great brotherhood?" 
 
 CAMP FIRE. 
 Comrade Geo. P. Fulton, Toast-Alaster. 
 
 Grace Rev. S. R. Frazier 
 
 1. The Flag of Our Union Comrade Geo. P. Fulton 
 
 Response Three Cheers, by the Whole Company 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
 2. Our Regimental Colors Major E. A. Montooth 
 
 3. The Fifth Corps General A. L. Pearson 
 
 4. The Army of the Potomac Sergeant John H. Kerr 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
 5. The Soldiers of " 63 " Colonel E. Jay Allen 
 
 6. The Canteen and Pipe Private James P. O'Neill 
 
 7. The Patriotic Women, whose Earnest Sympathy Sustained the Sol- 
 
 dier in the Field Private Charles F. McKenna 
 
 8. The Patriotic Citizens of Pittsburg Private S. W. Hill 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
 9. Homeward March Sergeant George Booth 
 
 10. " Last Rose of Summer " Prof. Giovanni O'Dwyer 
 
 11. Our Dead Comrades IX SILENCE 
 
 CHORUS BV THE AUDIENCE. 
 
 12. Tattoo and Taps. 
 
 STEREOPTICON PORTRAITS OF COMRADES. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 635 
 
 GEN. A. L. PEARSON. 
 
 CHAS. F. McKENNA. MAJ. E. A. MONTOOTH. 
 
 Ways and Means Committee, First Reunion. 
 
 LAFAYETTE HALL— FIRST REUNION. 1875. 
 
636 UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 " These are men who left the plowshare 
 
 Rusting in the open field; 
 Left the harvest all ungathered, 
 
 Swore to die, but not to yield! 
 Men who brought a love of freedom 
 
 Grander than the price of gold. 
 Patriots all whose grand devotion 
 
 Never yet was bought nor sold! " 
 
 Tribute of General J- Bowman Sweitzer to One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 
 Regiment. 
 
 (Read at First Reunion, i 
 
 Pittsburg, September 4, 1875. 
 Geo. Booth, Esq. 
 
 Corresponding Secy., etc.. 
 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania \^olunteers Association. 
 
 Dear Sir: I remeinber with pride, the circumstance which you are pleased to 
 allude, in terms very complimentar\- to me, that the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment was for some time under my command in the old Second Brigade, 
 First Division, Fifth Army Corps, Army of the Potomac. It and the Ninety- 
 first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers joined the Brigade just before we crossed 
 the James River on the Petersburg campaigns in June, 1864, and took part in the 
 famous charge of tlie Brigade in front of that city on the 18th of June, in which 
 part of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment succeeded in entering the 
 breastworks of the enemy, and had the connecting brigades in on right and left 
 kept up with us the charge would in all probability have resulted in the capture 
 and detention of the works in our front and eventually of the city. 
 
 In this connection permit me to allude to an incident that occurred next day. 
 As you are all aware, the gallant and lamented Major-General Charles Griffin 
 was at this time our Division Commander. I met him, and said I, " General, 
 what do you think of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth now?" "By G — d," 
 says he, " I don't want any better troops." And so say I. 
 
 \'ery trulv your friend, 
 
 J. BOWMAN SWEITZER, 
 Late Colonel Sixty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers and 
 Brevet Brigadier-General Commanding Second Brigade, 
 First Division, Fifth Army Corps, .\rmy of Potomac. 
 
UNVEILING 
 
ENT, SEPT. 17. 1886. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 637 
 
 UiW'EILING REGIMENTAL MONUMENT AND RE-UNION, 
 GETTYSBURG, SEPTEMBER 17, 1886. 
 
 The following program of dedicatory exercises marked a memorable event 
 in the Regimental Organization, and was more numerously attended than any 
 subsequent gathering of comrades. The occasion was the unveiling of the Regi- 
 mental monument on the identical spot on Little Round Top occupied by the 
 Regiment on July 3 and 3, 1863. It cost fifteen hundred dollars, all of which 
 was contributed by members of the Regiment and their friends in Pittsburg and 
 vicinity. 
 
 The unveiling ceremonies took place at the foot of the monument and is 
 represented in the accompanying large photograph of the comrades in attendance. 
 
 The Order of Exercises given below is followed by extracts from the address 
 of Comrade Charles F. McKenna, selected by the Regiment as the Orator for the 
 occasion. 
 
 progra:\i 
 
 Gettysburg Reunion, September 17, 1886. 
 Music Regimental Drum Corps 
 
 PRAVER. 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
 Address of Comrade George Booth, President Regimental Association. 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
 Original Poem Comrade Colonel E. Jay Allen 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
 Oration — " Round Top," July "? and 3, 1863 Comrade Charles F. McKenna 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
 Formal Presentation of Regimental Monument to the Gettysburg Battlefield 
 
 Memorial Association. 
 
 Address on behalf of Regiment by Comrade John H. Kerr. Sergeant Company I. 
 Response by Colonel David Buehler, Vice President Battlefield Association. 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
638 
 
 L'XDER THE :^IALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Address of Charles F. McKenna. 
 
 " It has been well said that from the beginning the living have paid homage 
 to the virtues of the dead ; for immortality is the dream of man. Scarce a city, 
 town, or village but contains some monument designed to perpetuate the memory 
 of one who has passed from earth. These earthly tributes can be of no service to 
 the dead, but they form lasting records of deeds, held honorable among men ; 
 are strong incentives to noble acts in the present, and mark a steady progress 
 toward that Ijctter condition which is the ultimate destiny of the human race. 
 You are here to-day to formally dedicate to the memory of your fallen comrades 
 this beautiful monument." 
 
 Meade, Pennsylvania's noble son, your gallant corps commander, has been 
 placed in command of the army. Sykes takes the corps and Romayn B. Ayres, 
 3'-our splendid Brigade commander, assumes command of the Division, while 
 Weed, the dashing soldier, is placed in command of the Brigade. Northward 
 still you go, and on July 1st, you hear the distant sound of battle. The gallant 
 Reynolds has met the enemy at Gettysburg. The battle was on. 
 
 The morning of the 2nd was spent in bringing up the artillery and awaiting 
 the arrival of Sedgwick's corps, which arrived, after a march of thirty miles, at 
 about three o'clock. The other corps had arrived before daylight, the Third on 
 the left and the Fifth, under Sykes. held in reserve, while the Sixth was moving 
 up toward the left. 
 
 CHARLES F. McKENNA. 
 
 Lee had concentrated his army at 
 Gettysburg. At about four o'clock, July 
 ".', everything was ready for the attack. A 
 furious artillery fire was opened on the 
 Third Corps, and Longstreet's men in gray 
 began to advance against the front and 
 Hank of General Sickles in solid masses. 
 The desperate attack being observed, the 
 Fifth Corps, which a few days before 
 ;\rea(le had commanded in person, was 
 liushed forward, and Sykes found his line 
 (in the left of Hancock. This furious on- 
 slaught of Longstreet caused Sickles' 
 Corps to fall back, followed by the rebel 
 CI lumn. r)ef\ing death, on they came al- 
 most to the muzzles of the guns. While 
 this terrible conflict was in progress, 
 Warren, seeing the vital necessity of 
 hiilding Little Round Top, ordered two of 
 his batteries and Weed's brigade to double- 
 quick to that important point. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 639 
 
 THE 155TH MONUMENT— LITTLE ROUND TOP. 
 
640 UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 It was there and then that the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth achieved im- 
 mortahty. There they enshrined themselves in a glory that will never fade while 
 love for patriotic valor lives in the human heart. 
 
 " Gettysburg! " What memories cluster around that word! The great turn- 
 ing battle of the rebellion — the battle where thousands of brave men gave their 
 heart's blood that the banner of their country should be unsullied, and always wave 
 in undiminished glory. 
 
 ****** iH * * * * 
 
 Gettysburg ! made forever historic by Pennsylvania's heroes, Meade, Rey- 
 nolds, Hancock. You stand upon the spot to-da}', comrades, that is hallowed by 
 the blood of Weed, O'Rorke and Hazlitt, and made sacred by the blood of your 
 comrades who fell fighting in the defense of the old flag. There the gallant 
 Warren stood, a man whose character as a soldier and a man was noble and 
 knightlv, and for all ages he will in bronze stand upon the outlook at Round 
 Top in serene contemplation of the field he helped to win. 
 
 At the conclusion of this Oration, General A. L. Pearson produced a copy of 
 the official roster of the Regiment, containing the names of all honorably dis- 
 charged comrades who were present, participating in the engagement, which the 
 General recommended be preserved for a future bronze tablet, to be erected 
 on the site of the monument. The following is the official roster: 
 
 OFFICIAL ROSTER OF THE OXE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH 
 
 REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS PRESENT AT 
 
 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. JULY 2. 3, AND -i, 1863, 
 
 Field .\nd .St.\ff. 
 
 Colonel, E. Jay Allen. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Commanding. John H. Cain. 
 
 Major, A. L. Pearson. 
 
 Adjutant, Edward A. Montooth. 
 
 Quartermaster, James B. Palmer. 
 
 Surgeon. J. A. E. Reed. 
 
 Assistant Surgeon, W. Stockton Wilson. 
 
 Sergeant-Major, John H. Irwin. 
 
 Quartermaster-Sergeant, John C. Ralston. 
 
 Hospital Steward, Ellis C. Thorn. 
 
 Commissary-Sergeant, William B. Glass. 
 
 COMP.VNY A. 
 
 Captain, John C. Stewart. 
 
 First Sergeant, Charles C. Johnston. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 641 
 
 Second Sergeant, Edward P. Johnston. 
 Third Sergeant, Robert M. Laird. 
 Fifth Sergeant, John M. Campbell. 
 First Corporal, Philip C. Wilson. 
 Second Corporal, William H. Justice. 
 Third Corporal, Brintnal R. Goodlin. 
 Fourth Corporal, Joseph Cochenour. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Squire Abbott. 
 Joseph Bauer. 
 William Berry. 
 Samuel Copeland. 
 Jacob O. Crawford. 
 William Dewalt. 
 Tobias Dietrich. 
 Frederick Diviner. 
 John Feight. 
 George Foliart. 
 Nathan X. Fullerton. 
 Franklin Gilmore. 
 John A. Hays. 
 George Holmes. 
 Stanley Lafferty. 
 William Lindsey. 
 William Littlehales. 
 William Marsh. 
 Thomas Montgomerv. 
 
 Benjamin Morrow. 
 William Morgan. 
 William McWhorter. 
 Elijah N. Price. 
 Tolbert Richter. 
 Moses Robbins. 
 George Sharp. 
 Julius Steval. 
 Benjamin Struble. 
 John G. Struble. 
 Abiram M. Swain. 
 George Tacklebery. 
 H. Dallas Thompson. 
 George H. West. 
 David Lloyd. 
 John Guthrie. 
 John Kaler. 
 Herman Meyers, 
 [ohn F. Lewis. 
 
 COMP.VNV B. 
 
 Second Lieutenant Commanding, Henry W. Grubbs. 
 
 First Sergeant, John McMillin. 
 
 Second Sergeant. Thomas L Woods. 
 
 Third Sergeant, Daniel W. McConnell. 
 
 Fourth Sergeant, Henry R. Campbell. 
 
 First Corporal, Francis .\. Harvey. 
 
 Fifth Corporal, David M. Smith (killed July 2, 1863). 
 
 Sixth Corporal, Henry F. Weaver (wounded July '?, 1863). 
 
 PRI\'.\TES. 
 
 John Craig. 
 Isaac Craig. 
 Alexander Crowley. 
 Robert R. Gulp. 
 
 Richard B. Davis. 
 Ferdinand Deitsch. 
 William Douglass. 
 
 (killed July 2, 1863). 
 
M 
 
 642 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 James Dought}-. 
 John W. Drake. 
 Archy Furgeson. 
 John Gable. 
 James Garrity. 
 William Grounds. 
 John Hays. 
 Samuel Heflick. 
 Jacob Jackson. 
 Patrick Lyons. 
 Hugh McFarland. 
 Charles McMahon. 
 
 WilHam C. McMillin. 
 Michael Nilon. 
 Charles W. Ott. 
 John Ramsey. 
 John Saber. 
 James Smith. 
 Patrick Stack. 
 Robert P. Stoddard. 
 Thomas Wilson. 
 William Whitesell. 
 William W. Woods. 
 
 COMP.\XY C. 
 
 Captain, James S. Palmer. 
 
 First Lieutenant, John T. Denniston. 
 
 Second Lieutenant, August H. Heise}-, commanding. 
 
 Second Sergeant, Thomas B. Dunn. 
 
 Third Sergeant, John McGee. 
 
 Fourth Sergeant, David R. Parkhill. 
 
 Fifth Sergeant, Joseph Shawhan. 
 
 First Corporal, Samuel Eagleson. 
 
 Third Corporal Philip A. Drain. 
 
 Fourth Corporal, Joseph M. Cargo (wounded July 2, 1863). 
 
 Fifth Corporal, Thomas Montgomery. 
 
 Seventh Corporal, Archibald N. Euwer. 
 
 Eighth Corporal. Robert M. Thompson. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Joseph Bowers. 
 John Boyd. 
 Philip Donahue. 
 Henry Green. 
 Chris. W. Hurley. 
 Marion Hartley. 
 Thomas Hunter. 
 Alexander Jamison. 
 John Feefer. 
 Henry Kennedy. 
 James Lowrey. 
 
 Charles IMurdoch. 
 Lemuel C. McPherson. 
 James F. Parker. 
 William S. Pendleberry. 
 Perry Phillips. 
 George W. Plough. 
 Michael Sullivan. 
 Albert K. Smith. 
 Thomas C. Sprague. 
 Charles A. Stephens. 
 Anthony Trescher. 
 
 Company D. 
 
 Captain, Samuel Kilgore. 
 
 First Lieutenant, Alexander Carson. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 643 
 
 Second Lieutenant, James \\ells. 
 First Sergeant, Joiin C. Sweeney. 
 Third Sergeant, William Shore. 
 Fourth Sergeant, Alexander Carson. 
 Fifth Sergeant. James K. Carson. 
 First Corporal, John Leech. 
 Second Corporal, James Herron. 
 Fourth Corporal, James Fawcett. 
 Fifth Corporal, Allen Ross. 
 Seventh Corporal, James Carleton. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 John Beatty. piloses Little. 
 
 William J. Brown. Philip Linderman. 
 
 Leberton T. Bunton. James J. Lovejoy. 
 
 Charles Biniton. James Martin. 
 
 Andrew J. Devine. James ilcFadden. 
 
 William Dumphy. Patrick McFadden. 
 
 Hugh Dunlap. James McFadden. 
 
 James Finnegan. James Murphy. 
 
 Daniel Haney. Richard I\Iurphy. 
 
 Christian Hildwine. William Mooney. 
 
 Edward Hildson. James Ouinn. 
 
 George H. Hunter. Martin V. B. Sallade. 
 
 William Jones. William J. Scott. 
 
 Isaiah Kroesen. ^Villiam Sutton. 
 
 Jacob B. Lefever. Peter Tippens. 
 
 Hugh Leonard. Joseph \'arner. 
 
 Frederick Linderman. John ^^'alton. 
 
 Silas F. Williams. 
 
 CO-MPAXV E. 
 
 Captain, Joseph B. Sackett. 
 
 First Lieutenant, George ]\L Laughlin. 
 
 Second Lieutenant. Joseph T. Power. 
 
 First Sergeant, Robert Thotnpson. 
 
 Sergeant, Isaac Wyckoff (killed July 2, 1863). 
 
 Sergeant, James Van Kirk. 
 
 Sergeant, Hugh McGimpsey. 
 
 Corporal, James Gordon. 
 
 Corporal, John M. Lancaster. 
 
 Corporal, Hugh Park. 
 
 Corporal, ^lichael B. Lemon. 
 
 Corporal, George P. Fulton. 
 
 Corporal, N. D. Loutsenheizer. 
 
 Corporal, Thomas J. Tomer (wounded July 2, 1863). 
 
644 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 John K. Alter. 
 Hugh Bayne. 
 Joshua Bnant. 
 Samuel W. Bryan. 
 Theophilu.s Callen. 
 John F. Crookham. 
 Robert P. Douglass. 
 Samuel K. Eicher. 
 Barney Farrell. 
 Jacob S. Friend. 
 James Hart. 
 Daniel K. Horner. 
 Isaac N. Hipsley. 
 William S. Hindman. 
 David Lear. 
 William A. Liken. 
 W'illiam Matthews. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Jackson Merriman. 
 Thomas E. Morgan. 
 John A. !\IcHenry. 
 Charles F. McKenna. 
 James P. O'Neill. 
 Noah H. Pangburn. 
 Harmon Pence. 
 James B. Richards. 
 James Renshaw. 
 David K. Stevenson. 
 J. K. P. Shaw. 
 John A. Strauch. 
 Edmund R. Thirkield. 
 Joseph S. \\'all. 
 William Welton 
 
 (killed July ■>. 1863). 
 William J. \\'hite. 
 Thomas Y. Vanosdol. 
 
 COMPANV F. 
 
 First Lieutenant Commanding, Edward E. Clapp. 
 
 Second Lieutenant, Ilenry A. Breed. 
 
 First Sergeant. George P. McClelland. 
 
 Third Sergeant, William H. King. 
 
 Fourth Sergeant, Frank Martyn. 
 
 First Corporal. William \\'inkle. 
 
 Second Corporal, John H. Mackin (wounded July 2, 18G3). 
 
 Third Corporal, George R. Markle. 
 
 Fifth Corporal, F. Marion !Martyn. 
 
 Sixth Corporal, William H. Aumack. 
 
 Seventh Corporal, James J. Carroll. 
 
 Eighth Corporal, .Asbury W. Secrist. 
 
 Teamster, \\'illiam Devine. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 David Allen. 
 Theodore Baldwin. 
 Andrew W. Biggs 
 
 (wounded July 2, 
 James H. Brundage. 
 Jacob Crusan. 
 Charles Cunningham. 
 Fleming Cunningham. 
 Henry M. Curry. 
 
 1863). 
 
 John K. Dalzell. 
 Thomas H. Dickson. 
 Thomas R. Fife. 
 Daniel Fulmer. 
 David Garris. 
 Samuel Gressley. 
 Samuel W. Hill. 
 William P. Ketcham. 
 Henry Kline. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 645 
 
 Hawdon Marshall. 
 David J. Markle. 
 Samuel Mayes. 
 John M. Miller. 
 
 John G. McConnell. 
 Bernard IMcMahon. 
 Allen Wall. 
 William D. McAbee. 
 
 Company G. 
 
 Captain, George F. Morgan. 
 First Lieutenant, John A. Kribbs. 
 Second Lieutenant, Arthur W. Bell. 
 First Sergeant, William F. Collner. 
 Sergeant, Oliver Paup. 
 Sergeant, Daniel Imbod)'. 
 Sergeant, Franklin Shoup. 
 Corporal, Josiah Fillman. 
 Corporal, Jeremiah Keeley. 
 Corporal, Alonzo McMichael. 
 Corporal, James Black. 
 Corporal, William H. Smithman. 
 
 PRI\ AXES. 
 
 Edward Alexander. 
 Hiram Beals. 
 William F. Best. 
 Adam Dittman. 
 Leonard Dehner. 
 Peter Dower. 
 Edward Darrell. 
 Andrew Edinger. 
 George W. Edinger. 
 Andrew J. Edinger. 
 P'erdinand Eisman. 
 Miles Eisman. 
 John P. Greer. 
 Jacob Hunsbarger. 
 William Hess. 
 George S. Keefer. 
 Joseph Mohney. 
 Isaac W. Mohg. 
 
 Jerry Mahle. 
 
 Paul Mahle. 
 
 William F. Mortimer. 
 
 John Miller. 
 
 John W. Marsh. 
 
 John Xeely. 
 
 John A. Xevil. 
 
 George F. Piatt. 
 
 George O. Piatt. 
 
 George Swab. 
 
 Emanuel Sloughenhoupt. 
 
 David Stagley. 
 
 Isaac Toman. 
 
 Thomas Taylor. 
 
 Eli Wentling. 
 
 Josiah G. Winger. 
 
 Peter F. Will. 
 
 Company H. 
 
 Captain, John Ewing. 
 First Lieutenant, David E. Lyon. 
 Second Lieutenant, W'ilson E. Allen. 
 First Sergeant, Samuel O. Blair. 
 
646 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Second Sergeant. Elijah M. Lee. 
 Third Sergeant, James J. Irvin. 
 Fourth Sergeant, Thomas C. Lawson. 
 Fifth Sergeant, Juhus P. Wilkins. 
 Corporal, David Stewart. 
 Corporal, Alexander Fox. 
 Corporal, Washington A. Craig. 
 Corporal, John R. Jackson. 
 Corporal, James M. Lyon. 
 Corporal. Horatio S. Flarnish. 
 Corporal, William Roihon. 
 Musician, Henderson Thompson. 
 Musician, Wilkins B. Xewell. 
 Wagoner, William Forkum. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 John Anderson. 
 Moses D. Anderson. 
 ^^'illiam S. Bell. 
 Richard Burns. 
 John Cowan. 
 Daniel F. Conrad. 
 David R. Curll. 
 Alexander Eaton. 
 William Finifrock. 
 Reynolds Fox. 
 William A. Fox. 
 Isaac Fox. 
 Leonidas L. C. Fox. 
 Charles W. Fulton. 
 George G. Gourley. 
 John Griffith. 
 William D. Hartman. 
 Abner Harkless. 
 Lewis Hartman. 
 Reuben Harriger. 
 John Hilliard. 
 William Horner. 
 David Jordan. 
 
 George R. Kerr Cwounded July 
 2, 1863). 
 
 Jacob Koler. 
 Jacob S. Lash. 
 Peter Lewis. 
 John Lewis. 
 James A. Myers. 
 David McPherson. 
 Thomas C. McCain. 
 Daniel Xail. 
 Philip Over. 
 Elias Peters. 
 John Powell. 
 Joseph Rankin. 
 John Reedy. 
 \\'illiam Reedy. 
 Fullerton Rhodes. 
 John A. Stewart. 
 Milton Stewart. 
 Nathan Stewart. 
 John Swarm. 
 John Welsh. 
 Samuel Weight. 
 Eli Whitmore. 
 Samuel Whitmer. 
 
 Company L 
 
 Captain Samuel A. AIcKce (wounded July 2, 1863). 
 Second Lieutenant, Luke J. Dooling. 
 First Sergeant. AVilliam Y. Bailey. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 647 
 
 Sergeant, 
 Sergeant, 
 Sergeant, 
 Corporal, 
 Corporal, 
 Corporal, 
 Corporal, 
 Corporal, 
 Corporal, 
 
 James D. Pearce. 
 William Logan. 
 John H. Kerr. 
 William Rankin. 
 Samuel Keys. 
 James J. S. Phillips. 
 Charles A. Walters. 
 Thomas McCush. 
 Mathew Bennett. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 William Blakeney. 
 
 Amos Boley. 
 
 James H. Bubbett (wounded). 
 
 Ralph Bradley. 
 
 George Byers. 
 
 Robert Culbert. 
 
 Samuel Culbert. 
 
 Alfred Cassell. 
 
 Philip H. Douglas. 
 
 Peter Drurey. 
 
 Henry W. Heasley. 
 
 Robert Hunter. 
 
 John Haney. 
 
 James Ingraham. 
 
 David Johnston. 
 
 Gustavus Le Goullon. 
 
 Thomas Mulvehill. 
 
 William J. Myers. 
 Thomas C. Martin. 
 John McNutt. 
 John Pearson. 
 William D. Rossiter 
 
 (wounded). 
 James A. Rankin. 
 Robert Stephens. 
 John C. Sias. 
 Alfred J. Sias. 
 John Wesley. 
 Elijah Williams. 
 George W. Wilcox 
 
 (killed July 2, 1863). 
 Leander Williamson. 
 Leopold A. \^'olI. 
 Michael Zafoot. 
 
 Company K. 
 
 Captain, John A. Cline. 
 
 First Lieutenant, Risden De Ford. 
 
 First Sergeant, D. Porter Marshall. 
 
 Sergeant, John A. H. Foster (wounded July 2, 
 
 Sergeant, Frederick Sheckler. 
 
 Sergeant, David B. Kirkpatrick. 
 
 Sergeant, John D. Armstrong. 
 
 Corporal, Robert O. Clever. 
 
 Corporal, George A. Serene. 
 
 Corporal, Thomas J. Marlin. 
 
 Corporal, William D. Porter. 
 
 Corporal, Kosciusko G. Fleming. 
 
 Musician, James H. Hill. 
 
 Musician, John L. Ferer. 
 
 1863). 
 
GiS 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 PRIVATES. 
 
 Abraham Bechtel. 
 
 Robert Brewster. 
 
 Spencer P. Barrett. 
 
 John Cowan (killed July 2, 1863). 
 
 Jehu J. Crawford. 
 
 George H. Clever. 
 
 Ephraim A. Calhoun. 
 
 Daniel Cogley. 
 
 Oliver Gray. 
 
 Calvin Gray. 
 
 Daniel G. Hawk. 
 
 George L. Hannegan. 
 
 James R. Henderson. 
 
 George J. Hetrick. 
 
 Peter C. Hetrick. 
 
 Augustus J. Hetrick. 
 
 \Mlliam J. Johnson, 
 
 Charles .A. Logan. 
 
 John Moore. 
 William McCullough. 
 Robert L. McCaughey. 
 William McGregor. 
 George Nicely. 
 Charles A. Nichols. 
 David Olinger. 
 Casper Reed. 
 David H. Ruffner. 
 Robert P. Shields 
 
 (woimded July 2, 1863). 
 George M. Smith. 
 Charles M. Smith. 
 George W. Thompson. 
 Henry L^pperman. 
 William W. Wells. 
 William Whited. 
 David Wolf. 
 
 ■ HOW WE WON THE BATTLE." 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 649 
 
 RE-DEDICATION OF PENNSYLA^-VNIA STATE MONUMENT TO ONE 
 
 HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, ON LITTLE 
 
 ROUND TOP, GETTYSBURG, SEPTEMBER 17, 1889. 
 
 After the Regiment had, from its private subscriptions, erected and dedi- 
 cated its monument on Little Round Top, on September 17, 1886, the State of 
 Pennsylvania, at the following session of the Legislature, appropriated the stim of 
 fifteen hundred dollars for monuments on the positions occupied by Pennsylvania 
 regiments during the three days' battle at Gettysburg. The One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth determined to apply its appropriation to the erection on its existing 
 monument a life-sized figure in marble, of a private soldier in the zouave 
 uniform of the Regiment, the soldier being dul}- armed and equipped and facing 
 the famous Peach Orchard. Side by side in the most commanding position at the 
 summit of Little Round Top, it stands close to the picturesque monument of the 
 heroic leader, General Warren, who, in the battle, directed the Regiment to its 
 position. 
 
 A close observation of the Regimental statue discloses the rare skill of the 
 artist in reproducing the figure and features of the model whom the Committee 
 on Designs selected to pose for the same. It will be easily recognized as Samuel 
 W. Hill, who served in the ranks of Company F in that memorable three days' 
 fight. 
 
 The State of Pennsylvania, in addition to the appropriation for the monu- 
 ments, invited all survivors of the Regiment participating in the battle to attend 
 the dedicatory exercises and generously furnished free transportation from all 
 parts of the State and return, to such veterans. The orator for the unveiling 
 of the State monumeijt chosen by the Regiment was Comrade John H. Kerr, of 
 Company I. His masterly and scholarly address entire has been deemed worthy 
 of publication by the State in its volume on " Pennsylvania at Gettysburg." and 
 is here reproduced as worthy of the perusal of all readers of this history. 
 
 Address of Sergeant John H. Kerr. 
 
 Coinradcs of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth: We have met to-day on this 
 , historic battlefield to dedicate a monument erected here on this crest of Little 
 Round Top to mark the position held by the regiment on the eventful days when 
 the fate of the Nation hung suspended on the issue of the battle, and the Republic 
 was saved only by the patriotic devotion, splendid courage and sublime heroism of 
 her citizen soldiers. 
 
 W^e raised this memorial stone not to serve a mere selfish purpose, nor yet 
 to perpetuate our own glory. Whatever record was made by the organization 
 which we represent on this, the great battlefield of the war, is already unalter- 
 ably fixed in history beyond the power of mortal man either to enhance or dim. 
 
650 UNDER THE I\IALTESE CROSS. 
 
 And yet as we stand here on this consecrated ground with our memories full 
 of the grand events of the past, with our hearts stirred again by " the fierce joy, 
 the rapture of the strife," what wonder is it if we feel a pardonable pride in the 
 thought that the humble part we bore in the conilict has indissolubly wedded us 
 to immortal history written here on these granite hills of Gettysburg, in letters of 
 fire with pens of steel by the gallant men of the eighteen loyal states who met 
 the enemy in the shock of battle here in the supreme hour of the Nation's 
 peril. 
 
 Henry \' fired the hearts of his soldiers at Agincourt by thus addressing 
 them: " He to-day that sheds his blood with me shall be my brother, be he 
 ne'er so vile this day shall gentle his condition." So we feel that all who fought 
 on this historic field are lifted by the very greatness of the occasion to an equality 
 of glory and are made brothers in fame. 
 
 How striking the contrast which this peaceful landscape presents, to the terri- 
 ble scene in the bloody drama of war enacted here six and twenty years ago. Yon- 
 der heights are no longer crowned with hostile 
 cannon ; these valleys below us no longer reverbe- 
 rate with the roar of the conflict ; no longer are 
 the groans of the dying mingled with the shouts 
 of victory. Everything around us betokens peace, 
 where before was heard the "' rumble and grum- 
 ble and roar of war." Time has wrought other 
 changes. The survivors here assembled are but a 
 small remnant of that noble battalion that stood 
 here in line of battle with the Fifth Corps, and 
 assisted in repelling the terrible assaults of Hood 
 and Longstreet. when column after column was 
 hurled against our invincible front in the vain 
 SGT JOHN H KERR attempt to carry this rocky eminence. Some 
 
 sleep here in our National Cemetery, like the 
 heroes of Marathon, honored with burial on the field where they fell. Many, 
 oh ! how many I went down in the blinding smoke of those terrible battles 
 fought by our armies under the immortal Grant from the Wilderness to Appo- 
 mattox. Others have silently dropped, one by one from our ranks since the close 
 of the war, and have been added to the lengthening roll of the dead. In the 
 providence of God a goodly number have been permitted to come here to-day to 
 take part in this, perhaps, the last public act of the Regiment on earth. What 
 place so appropriate to furl its torn and blood-stained battle-flags as here, where 
 the Southern Confederacy received its death blow, and thence staggered back- 
 ward to its grave ; here on this, the only battlefield of Northern soil, where from 
 the graves of our canonized dead rises perpetually the rich incense of patriotism 
 and valor! What time so fitting as this, at once the anniversary of our natal 
 day, and of the battle that turned the tide of war and gave " a new birth to 
 freedom ! " 
 
 On the 3d of September, 1862, we bade adieu to friends and kindred and 
 our native city, and embarked for the seat of war, encouraged by the presence 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 651 
 
 H 
 
 s 
 
 Z 
 
 o 
 
 s 
 
652 UNDER THE :\IALTESE CROSS. 
 
 of the loyal ladies of Pittsburg, who passed their days in cheering brave men on 
 their way to battle — their nights in praying for the preservation of their dear ones, 
 and their dearer country. At Harrisburg a Regimental organization was efifected 
 with Edward Jay Allen as Colonel, and armed with the Belgian rifle, a species of 
 heavy artillery, we were at once transported by rail to Washington. Here we 
 were assigned to Colonel Allabach's Brigade. Humphreys' Division. The foe had 
 crossed the Potomac and had invaded loyal soil. We moved out to join the army 
 that was gathering to meet him. We did not halt until we reached the bloody field 
 of Antietam, near the close of the battle. Joining the corps of General Fitz John 
 Porter, we were at once moved into line and lay for some hours under the enemy's 
 fire. During the night Lee retreated across the Potoriiac, and our army was too 
 much shattered to follow him. For weeks after the battle we remained in camp 
 near Sharpsburg. without tents or shelter to protect us from the scorching sun or 
 the pitiless rain. Many were they who died from exposure, and looked upon the 
 stars for the last time. 
 
 But at length the bugle sounded " Forward," and we cross the Potomac at 
 Harper's Ferry and march into \'irginia. Halting a few days at Warrenton, 
 where General McClellan was relieved, and General Burnside assumed command 
 of the army, we turn suddenly to the left and arrive in front of Fredericksburg 
 in midwinter, and prepare for the coming sanguinary conflict, which proved alas! 
 the Aceldama of the whole war. 
 
 On December 13, 18G3, about 3 v. m., Humphreys' Division crossed the 
 Rappahannock on the pontoon bridge, under a furious cannonade from the 
 enemy's mounted guns, and passing through the city and beyond, they divest 
 themselves of their knapsacks and haversacks, and form line of battle in a ravine 
 south of the canal. They move forward over the crest and through the line of 
 Hancock's Division, under a fierce artillery and musketry fire. Here Colonel Alla- 
 bach's Brigade, to which the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth was attached, was 
 ordered to charge. With a cheer at double-quick, with fixed bayonets, the men 
 of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, led by Colonel Allen, rush forward in a 
 storm of bullets, on, still on, until they approach within twenty yards of the 
 stonewall, which runs along the base of Mar}'e's Heights, and which is one sheet 
 of flame and sulphurous smoke from the musketry of the enemy. The ranks are 
 thinned, and the field is covered with the dead and wounded. The line falters, 
 then turns back, unable to withstand the withering fire. Humphreys' Division has 
 lost 1,760 men out of 4,000, in the ten minutes it has been under fire. 
 
 Hark now to the din of the conflict ! All the guns from the Fleights open ; 
 the earth trembles and quakes amid the awful thunders of the cannonade ; and 
 the shells shriek through the air like Wrath's flaming archangels ! The One 
 Hundred and Fift}--fifth is losing heavily, its best and bravest have already gone 
 down in the blinding smoke of battle. See, the gallant Captain Anshutz falls ! 
 See, the heroic Sergeant Wiseman, the color-bearer, is pierced by three balls, 
 but still holds the colors in his nerveless grasp! See, the heroic Corporals 
 Charles Bardeen, of Company F, and Geo. \\'. Bratton, of Company E, each in 
 turn lifts the flag on high, but soon bites the dust! Still Color-Corporals Frank 
 Thompson, Company I, and John Rankin, raise it again, giving up their lives. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 653 
 
 and finally the brave Corporal Lawson unfurls it in the face of the enem_v. Look! 
 the shaft is shattered in twain, and the Regimental banner falls — but for a mo- 
 ment — still it is raised aloft again and waves on the battle line. The Regiment 
 falls back, leaving its dead upon the field, but the colors all riddled and torn, are 
 borne to the rear, never soiled by the touch of traitor hands. 
 
 All hail! to our Regimental banner; first unfurled in its pristine bright- 
 ness at Fredericksburg, but carried hence from the storm, blackened with 
 smoke, torn by shot, rent by shell, riddled by bullets, and stained and crim- 
 soned with the blood of the heroes who rallied aruund it : with flag-stafl:' shat- 
 tered in twain, and with fifteen bullet holes through its silken folds, but still 
 waving from the battle line in resplendent beauty, all the more sacred for its scars, 
 and all the more glorious for its baptism of fire and blood! Thrice hail! to the 
 flag of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth; which from the hour when it was first 
 borne into the storm of battle and woeful disaster, down to the day of the final 
 triumph, never once trailed in the dust ; never was wrested from its standard- 
 bearers by rebel hands ; but was returned, at the close of the war, to the loyal 
 old Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, who gave it into our keeping, all storm 
 bleached and battle torn, but emblazoned with the names of twenty-eight battles 
 inscribed in golden letters upon its gorgeous stripes, and without one blot on 
 its State arms, or one star removed from the glittering galaxy of its azure field. 
 
 But " Forward " is the command, and under " Fighting Joe " Hooker we 
 again cross the Rappahannock, and on the 1st, "^nd and 3rd of May. 1863, fight 
 the terrific liattle of Chancellorsville in a consuming forest. Here the commander, 
 but not the Army of the Potomac, is beaten, and we return, for the second time, 
 to the north side of the river, dispirited and disheartened, but still undismayed. 
 
 But Lee assumes the oiTensive and invades the soil of our native State. Turn- 
 ing our faces northward we march day and night until we confront his army at 
 Gettysburg. Here the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth has the post of honor and wins 
 additional laurels. Seeing the iiuportance of holding Little Round Top, General 
 Warren at once ordered the Fifth Corps to occupy it. The One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, under the command of Colonel Cain, forms its line on the very crest of 
 this eminence. The men of the regiment dragged the guns of Hazlitts' Regular 
 Battery by hand to the summit. Here and now it was that the Confederate powers 
 had set their fortunes on a single cast, resolved to stand the hazard of the die. 
 Hood hurls his gray columns again and again against our line : charge after charge 
 is made. Our Brigade Commander, the gallant Weed, is stricken down, and the 
 brave Hazlitt, while bending over his lifeless form likewise was stricken in death; 
 Colonel O'Rorke assumes command, but falls mortally wounded. The crisis is 
 critical, but the old guard stands firm, and hurls the Texan Rangers back, like 
 ocean spray from the rock-bound shore. Meade crowns himself and Pennsyl- 
 vania with never-fading glory. The battle is won. the army is saved, the tide of 
 war is turned, the sun of the Confederacy goes down with the close of this day ; 
 and the American Republic, upheld upon the bayonets of the Army of the Po- 
 tomac, is secure against the assaults of Treason. The invader leaves our soil, and 
 we follow him into \'irginia, where he takes up his line of defense behind the 
 Rapidan. 
 
654 UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Under Meade, the Regiment now participates in the actions of Rappahannock 
 Station, Bristow Station, and Mine Run. 
 
 But " Forward," is the command, and under Grant, the hero of the \\'est, 
 we begin that long series of battles — from day to day, from week to week, march- 
 ing all night, and fighting all day — from the Widlerness on the 5th of May, to 
 Cold Harbor on the 1st of June. 1864 — during which time 60.000 men are left 
 on the plains of Virginia, and when the resolution is formed " to fight it out on 
 this line if it takes all summer ; " still fighting and still moving to the left — until 
 Wilderness. Laurel Hill, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomy, Bethesda 
 Church and Cold Harbor, in quick succession, glitter in golden letters on the 
 silken folds of our war-riddled banner. During this time the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth, under the command of Colonel A. L. Pearson, was clothed in the 
 zouave uniform and attached to General Ayres" Brigade of Regulars, Second 
 Division, Fifth Corps. 
 
 But " Forward " again. Now, under the lead of the gallant Griffin of the 
 First Division — of which command we now formed a component part — we cross 
 to the southside of the James, and march on to Petersburg. Here the works are 
 stormed on the 18th of June — the darkest day in the calendar of the Regiment, 
 when so many of our bravest and best, including Captain McKee, of Company I, 
 go down in the terrible conflict. In this charge the Regiment lost eighty-three 
 killed and wounded in the short space of ten minutes. 
 
 In the summer and winter of 1864, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth par- 
 ticipated in all the battles in front and to the left of Petersburg, including Mine 
 Explosion, \\'eldon Railroad. Reams' Station, Peebles' Farm. Hatcher's Run and 
 Dabney's Mills. 
 
 At the battle of Peebles' Farm, on the 30th of September, the Regiment dis- 
 played more than its wonted valor. Colonel Pearson led his men in a gallant 
 charge, driving the rebels from two strong lines of earthworks, and planting the 
 Regimental colors on the parapet of a well constructed redan. For gallant con- 
 duct in this battle. Colonel Pearson was brevetted Brigadier-General. 
 
 At half past three o'clock in the morning of the 29th of March, 186.5. we 
 begin our last campaign. The bugles sound " Forward," forward again to the 
 left, ever towards the sunset, flaking a long detour around the enemy's right 
 flank, we strike his skirmishers at Gravelly Run, and after some hard fighting, 
 Warren presses on to the Quaker Road, near its junction with the White Oak 
 Road. Here a desperate battle is fought. Ayres' Division enveloped in the woods 
 and overpowered by superior numbers gave way, falling back on Crawford, his 
 division disorganized by the fugitives, broke in turn. Then it was that Griffin 
 stood like a stonewall, and making a counter-charge, drove the enemy before 
 him, capturing many prisoners. General Pearson, taking the colors of his old 
 Regiment, commanded the men to follow, and the flag of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth was seen in the van, and was soon planted inside the rebel lines. 
 The battle of the " Quaker Road " is one of the brightest which shine in the 
 twenty-eight engagements emblazoned on our Regimental banner. General Pear- 
 son, for gallant conduct in this action, was brevetted ]\Iajor-General. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 655 
 
 General Warren, following up his success, now moved forward to turn the 
 rebel right, and at " Five Forks," with the Fifth Corps, on the first of April, 
 fought one of the most brilliant battles of the war — winning a splendid victory. 
 The trophies of the da}- included five thousand prisoners, eighteen guns and 
 many battle-flags. 
 
 The enemy's right is now turned; on, still on, the Fifth Corps presses on 
 Lee's right and rear. Now there is a forward movement along the whole line, 
 from the Appomattox to Hatcher's Run. On the morning of the second of April, 
 a hundred cannon belch forth their fire and reverberate along the line, and the 
 musketry of the contending armies rattles along the entrenchments, from beyond 
 Richmond to the South Side Railroad. The line advances, the defenses of the 
 enemy are carried, Petersburg is ours ! But the Army of the Potomac is already 
 far southward in pursuit of the flying columns of Lee, Longstreet and Ewell. 
 The One Hundred and Fift)'-fifth, with the Fifth Corps, strikes the enemy's rear 
 guard at Sailor's Creek, and after a spirited engagement, drives it over the bridge, 
 capturing the wagon trains and many prisoners. The Second, Fifth, Sixth and 
 Twenty-fourth Corps, and Sheridan's cavalry, moving by ditTerent roads, on the 
 right and left of the retreating column, unite at Appomattox Court House, and 
 soon encircle Lee's whole army with a wall of bayonets and an impregnable line 
 of living blue. 
 
 On the ninth of April, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth is on the skirmish 
 line. It fires the last shot of the Army of the Potomac. That shot is historic 
 forevermore. It was the parting salute of War — to the coming of the Goddess 
 of domestic concord and fraternal union. As the missile speeds on its way of 
 ruin and affright, a white smoke follows after it, parts from its uppermost curve, 
 and melts into the higher air of heaven — and spreads its wings like the Angel 
 of Peace — the harbinger of the better day. Company I has the distinguished 
 honor of contributing the last man killed in the last engagement of that historic 
 army — Private William Montgomery, who fell at the most advanced post of our 
 Ime on the last day of the war, one hour before the surrender ; his blood was the 
 last shed in the glorious cause, and his grave in the national cemetery at Poplar 
 Grove, near Petersburg, was the last that closed upon Northern heroism and 
 valor. 
 
 Soon a white flag is displayed on the skirmish line, in front of our Regi- 
 ment, and is escorted in by Sergeant-Major William Shore. General Lee, for 
 the first time, passes within our lines. The rebel chieftain, who had, so long, and 
 so successfully, organized a front of opposition against our advancing armies, 
 yields his sword to the great Captain of the Century, beneath the apple-blossoms 
 of Appomattox — and surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia, whose heroic 
 struggles were worthy of a better cause. The Fifth Corps was left to manage 
 the details of the capitulation, while the rest of the Army of the Potomac turned 
 their faces northward, and moved from the theater of bloody strife. The One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth, now under command of Major John A. Cline, soon 
 followed, making a triumphal e it tree into Petersburg and Richmond, and joining 
 in the grand review of the combined forces of the Republic, through the streets 
 of Washington. 
 
656 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 With the surrender of Lee, the struggle between the warring sections was 
 over. The storm-cloud rolled away from our national horizon, and " the war- 
 drum throbb'd no longer and the battle-flags were furled." With what pride 
 did we, my comrades, join in the triumphal march through the streets of the 
 National Capital ! With what beating hearts and swelling patriotism, did we 
 tread again the soil of our native State ! With what a thrill of joy, did we 
 behold the ascending smoke from the factories of our native city, and see again 
 our homes rising in the distance ! With what proud step, did we march down our 
 familiar streets, bearing aloft our torn and tattered banners amid the shouts and 
 huzzas of victory I The 2d of June, 1865, is a marked day in the calendar of the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment — an era in each of our lives. It chron- 
 icles the disbandment of our organization — the laying aside of the uniform of the 
 soldier, to wear again the simple garb of the citizen. Those who came back 
 from the war were no longer young and smiling. All the boys were now bearded 
 and bronzed men with the earnest stamp of manhood on their brows. Some of 
 them were hobbling on crutches. Some were swinging empty sleeves ; others 
 tottering from disease incurred in the service. They went out blooming, youthful, 
 fair; they came back wearing the somber visage of warriors, tried and true. 
 
 But some of the best and the bravest, returned not with the victorious bat- 
 talions. Ah ! my comrades, but a few survivors of the gallant regiment, which 
 numbered eight hundred and fifty men when we left for the seat of war, were 
 among those who were found in the ranks when we reached home, three years 
 later. And now, twenty-six years later, many who returned with us have lis- 
 tened to the mystic bugle-call, summoning them to the " ranks of their brothers 
 gone before." And at this reunion we look in vain for those sublime heroes and 
 martyrs who went do\\n in the great fight for liberty and country, and for those 
 who have silently passed away to the camps of the great army of the dead. 
 You may call the roll to-day, but they will not answer to their names. They are 
 not here ; they are lying in their graves ! The hand that grasped the sword is 
 powerless; the eye that flashed with patriotic fire is closed in death; the tongue 
 that gave the command '' Forward," is silent. Where is the tall and martial 
 form of Captain Samuel jMcKee — the ideal soldier, who never blanched in battle, 
 nor faltered in the discharge of duty ? Alas ! he went down before the storm of 
 leaden hail, in the charge of Petersburg, but his dust is now gathered and inurned 
 in our own beautiful cemetery, where, with each return of spring, willing hands 
 strew his grave with choicest flowers. Where are the gallant Captain Anshultz, 
 the noble Captain Clapp. the unfortunate Captain Sackett, the duty-loving Lieu- 
 tenant Strong, the brave Lieutenants Johnston and Dunn? Where are the stal- 
 wart heroes Sergeant Wiseman, the standard-bearer of Fredericksburg, and the 
 four brave Color-Corporals, Charles Rardeen, of Company F, and George W. 
 Bratton, of Company E, Frank Thompson, Company I, and young Rankin, color- 
 guards who fell in battle, who together went from the battle-field to the Shining 
 Camps above like plumed warriors, for whom the everlasting tents were opened 
 as they were stricken into victory? Where are those heroic Color-Corporals 
 John Mackin, of Company F. and Thomas McCush, of Company L who on 
 other fields died in defense of the flag? Where are the manly Sergeant Isaac 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 657 
 
 Wyckoff and the intrepid William Welton, who both fell victims of the sharp- 
 shooters' range on Little Round Top? Where are the patriotic Sergeant Frank 
 Martyne and the youthful Theodore Baldwin, of Company F, the brave Sergeant 
 Alexander Carson, of Company D, and Sergeant Frederick Sheckler, of Company 
 K, who all yielded up lives of promise in manhood's early prime, willing sacri- 
 fices for their country's need ? Where are Irwin and Meeker, of Company H, 
 and Wentling, of Company G. who died far away from friends and kindred, 
 literally star\-ed to death in the prison pens of Andersonville? Where are Ser- 
 geant Henry R. Campbell, of Company B, and John Hunter, of Company E, who, 
 on reaching Annapolis, Md., after their release from the same prison, died from 
 the terrible effects of the torture endured? Where is young Corporal Phillips, 
 of Company I, with his radiant smile and Christian faith — the blameless and 
 beautiful character, whose saintly spirit exhaled so sweet a fragrance that the 
 perfume lingers with us yet? Where is Private Montgomery, of the same com- 
 pany, who fell on the very day of the final trimuph, giving his life as a peace 
 offering and his blood as a sacrament of reconciliation between the warring sec- 
 tions of a divided land? Where are all those noble and stalwart men and 
 " boys in their teens," who gladdened our long and dreary winter nights in camp, 
 with their mirth and song? Where are all those who, foot-sore and hungry, 
 joined us on the march, and laid down with us on the same green sward, or side 
 by side on the same frozen ground, with the starry canopy for a covering? 
 Where are those who stood with us in the same line of battle on twenty-eight en- 
 sanguined fields, when the leaden hail mowed down our ranks, and listened with 
 us to the awful thunder of the same guns, and quaked together, when the light- 
 nings of heaven danced along our lines from bayonet to bayonet? Where are 
 all those immortal heroes and canonized martyrs who went down in the blinding 
 smoke of battle, and "looked proudly to heaven from the deathbed of fame?" 
 
 Some of them are gathered in our own beautiful cemeteries, and rest calmly 
 in the graves which we decorate, each year, with the first flowers of spring. 
 Some repose in the national cemeteries of Antietam and Gettysburg, and Poplar 
 Grove Cemetery, near Petersburg. But most of them lie in their shrouds of blue, 
 on the very fields dyed and crimsoned with their blood ! Down by the blue 
 Potomac, their dust is commingling with the sacred soil. They are sleeping in 
 unknown graves along the shores of the fern-marged Rappahannock, and the 
 James and Rapidan chant their funeral requiem. They lie uncoffined on the ever- 
 green mountains of Maryland and Virginia; on Marye's Heights: on the charred 
 plains of Chancellorsville ; in the thickets of the Wilderness ; in the swamps of 
 the Chickahominy : in the ditches of Petersburg and Richmond ; and on the 
 fields where Fame wrote their names in blood and winter froze them into 
 immortality ! 
 
 The One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment came out of the war with 
 twenty-eight battles inscribed upon its flag, and without one blot upon its azure 
 field or one stain upon its stripes. It went into the war with 850 men, which 
 number was increased by subsequent enlistments to 1,523, and came out of the 
 war with less than 780, many of these maimed and crippled ; 519 of our com- 
 rades were killed and wounded; 113 died of disease; 31 were taken prisoners. 
 
658 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 10 of whom were starved to death in rebel prison pens. It went into the service 
 when war was no longer an experiment, but reduced to a science, and when the 
 rank and file were inured to hardship and accustomed to battle. From the first 
 it fought alongside of veterans without disparagement to its fame. It enlisted 
 for the war, and was mustered out of the service because the war was ended. We 
 wear its badge as the most honorable insignia that can be placed upon our 
 breasts. We prize it more than coronet or garter, or the ribbons of the far-famed 
 Legion of Honor. We feel that while we live, the proudest title to which we can 
 lay claim, and dying, the richest legacy we can leave to our children and kindred 
 is, that we were MEAIBERS OF THE "ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY- 
 FIFTH REGIMENT, PENNSYLVANIA VETERAN VOLUNTEERS." 
 
 In that colossal painting of Kaulbach which represents the legendary fight 
 of Attila, the Hun, there are two fields and two contests — the one between the 
 soldiers striving in a deadly combat on the turf — the other a shadowy battle set 
 in the upper air between the ghosts of the heroes slain below. So, methinks, there 
 are two battalions of our Regiment, both participating in our reunion to-day, the 
 one, the survivors here assembled, who at the close of the war took their way 
 homeward, and prepared their own unselfish disarmament and return to the 
 peaceful interests of the country they helped to save — the other, the battalion of 
 the canonized dead, who once filled our now thinned ranks — the invisible portion 
 of our Regiment, who have left the shining halls of their Valhalla to mingle with 
 us, and whose spirits hover above us in shadowy forms, making this the reunion 
 of the living and the dead — the victors and the martyrs — united in holy memories, 
 as they were united in battle. 
 
 And now we drop a tear to the memory of our brave comrades who yielded 
 up their lives that the Nation might live, and to the immortal trinity. Weed, 
 Hazlett, and O'Rorke, whose blood hallows the ground upon which we stand. 
 But no garland of affection scattered upon their graves, nor love, nor tears can 
 reanimate their sleeping dust, nor can studied eulogy add aught to the splendor 
 of their deathless fame. But we know that every deed of peerless valor, every act 
 of patriotic devotion, every example of exalted self-sacrifice, even unto death and 
 martyrdom, offered in the Nation's defense is lifted above all vulgar destiny, and 
 will live as long as the Republic honors her heroes. 
 
 We surrender this monument into the keeping of the loyal Commonwealth 
 of Pennsylvania, in the hope that built of imperishable granite it may endure 
 forever. But should it, too, crumble beneath the obliterating touch of time, and 
 the record carved upon its tablets be effaced and every letter in the inscriptions 
 be lost, this historic mountain will still stand as an everlasting monument to per- 
 petuate for all time the name and fame of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 Reeiment Pennsvlvania Veteran Volunteers. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 659 
 
«60 UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 FOURTH REUNION. 
 
 Pittsburg, September 13, 1894. 
 
 Order of Exercises. 
 
 Assemble on board Steamer Katie Stockrlale at Pittsburg Wharf at foot of Wood 
 Street and start on Excursion up Monongahela River at 9 o'clock a. m. 
 
 Colonel John H. C.\ix, Marshal of the Day. 
 E.xercises at Orchard Grove, Duquesne, Pa., at 1 : 30 o'clock p. m. 
 
 Program m e. 
 
 Long Roll Comrades S. J. HeHick and Wm. Littlehales 
 
 " Fall in " for Banquet 
 
 Music Band 
 
 Reveille Comrades S. J. Heflick and Wm. Littlehales 
 
 Introductory Address of Comrade S. W. Hill, of Company F, President Regi- 
 mental .\ssociation. 
 
 Music Band 
 
 Original Poem Colonel Edward Jay Allen 
 
 National Airs Band 
 
 To.\STS. 
 
 " To feastful mirth be this white hour assigned, 
 And sweet discourse, the banquet of the mind." 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
 1. Oi'R Regimental Colors. 
 
 Response, " Rally 'Round the Flag," by Band 
 
 2. Our Gener.\ls of the Fifth Corps. 
 
 " Noble heroes, my sword and yours are kin." 
 Response by General A. L. Pearson 
 
 3. The Rank and File of the Regiment. 
 
 "The scepterless kings of the ranks, the untitled brave." 
 Response by Major E. A. Montooth 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 661 
 
662 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 4. The Officers of the Regiment. 
 
 " Knights like Bayard without fear and without reproach." 
 Response by Comrade Charles F. McKenna, of Company E 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
 5. Our Last Commander. 
 
 " Our greatest, yet with least pretense." 
 Response by Comrade L. E. McPherson, of Company C 
 
 6. The Volunteer. 
 
 " Not for honor, fame or self-applause, 
 But for the glory of the cause." 
 Response by Comrade T. C. Lawson, M. D., of Company H 
 
 7. Our Color Guard. 
 
 " Under the Stripes and Stars, 
 Each with the soul of Mars." 
 Response by Comrade H. M. Curry, of Company F 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
 8. Our Last Roll-Call. 
 
 " Now are our bruised arms hung up for monuments." 
 Response by Colonel John Ewing 
 
 9. Our Heroic Dead. 
 
 " Leaves memorial, and perpetual fame, 
 For those who nobly died." 
 Response by Comrade John H. Kerr, of Company I 
 
 10. Reminiscences of Camp and Field. 
 
 Impromptu Responses by Comrades 
 
 " AULD LANG SYNE." 
 
 " Should auld acquaintance be forgot, and never brought to mind? 
 Should auld acquaintance be forgot, and days of auld lang syne? 
 For auld lang syne, my dear, for auld lang syne. 
 
 We'll tak' a cup o' kindness yet for auld lang syne." 
 
 RESPONSE OF GENERAL A. L. PEARSON TO TOAST, 
 " The Generals of the Fifth Corps." 
 
 The mention of my subject brings sad remembrances, as nearly all of the 
 able Generals in whose immediate commands our Regiment served have been 
 mustered by death. 
 
 Standing to-day midst the brave men who have met to renew the friendships 
 made on battlefield and prison pen, and hear the roll-call of fame, go back through 
 battles lost and won, through dying scenes, and prison torture, back through 
 cannon's smoke and through deeds of heroic bravery and suffering. Yea, let 
 the roll be called while you stand silent and dismayed. Generals Meade, Sykes, 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 663 
 
 BREV.-MAJ.-GEN. A. L. PEARSON. 
 
664 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Warren, Griffin, Humphreys, Bartlett, Ayres, Allabach, Weed, O'Rorke, Garrard, 
 Sweitzer, illustrious commanders under whom you fought, have gone to join the 
 noble army above. It is a mighty host that passes by, the like of which the earth 
 has never seen. Of the living Generals, Porter, Butterfield, and Chamberlain 
 alone remain. 
 
 Organizatiox of Corps. 
 
 The Fifth Army Corps — of which the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers was a part, continuously, from the time it entered the service 
 in September, 1863, until its final muster-out, at the close of the war — was or- 
 ganized May 18, 1862, while the Army of the Potomac to which it belonged, 
 was engaged in the Peninsular campaign. It was permanently organized with 
 General Fitz John Porter as the Corps Commander, and with Generals Morell 
 and Sykes in command of the two divisions. For efficiency in drill, discipline and 
 in battles, it was ever recognized by General McClellan in orders. 
 
 Peninsular Campaign. 
 
 The first battle of the Corps occurred at Hanover Court House, Va., May 
 27, 1862, an engagement in which Morell's division stood the brunt of the fight- 
 ing, and gained a creditable victory. General Porter's magnificent handling of 
 the Corps won for it great renown. 
 
 On May 31st, the returns showed 17,546 present for duty. On June 14, 
 its ranks were increased by the accession of McCall's Division of Pennsylvania 
 Reserves, 9,500 strong. During the seven-days' battle the Corps had a total loss 
 of 7,601, or one-half the entire loss of the army. Of these, 6,837 occurred at 
 Gaines' Mill, the remainder at Mechanicsville, Glendale and Malvern Hill. 
 
 Second Bull Run. 
 
 At Manassas (second Bull Run) the Fifth Corps, still under command of 
 General Porter, did the severest fighting and, as has since been officially found, 
 "saved the day." It sustained a total loss of 2,151, out of about 6,500 engaged. 
 
 Antietam. 
 
 At Antietam, where you were first formally attached to the Corps, General 
 Porter's command was held in reserve. Still it was drawn on freely. Sykes' 
 Division was almost wholly in action. At this time your first division Comman- 
 der, General A. A. Humphreys, commenced to teach us the first rudiments of 
 war. The division, composed of two brigades, all Pennsylvania troops, was made 
 up — with the exception of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers and Ninety-first Pennsylvania Volunteers — of nine-months' men, all newly 
 recruited. 
 
 Humphreys' Division. 
 
 It is needless for me to speak of General Humphreys, our first division 
 Commander. When you saw him in action, at Fredericksburg and at Chancel- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 665 
 
 FIFTH CORPS GENERALS. 
 
666 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 lorsville, and discussed his many good qualities, dislike turned to admiration ; for 
 in him you found one who knew how to command, and whose bravery no one 
 could for a moment question. He soon earned promotion to be a Major-General, 
 and subsequently became Chief-of-Staff to General Meade, commander of the 
 Army of the Potomac, afterwards concluding his brilliant military career as com- 
 mander of the Second Corps. 
 
 Allabach's Brigade. 
 
 During your service in Humphreys' Division, the brigade to which you were 
 attached was commanded by Colonel P. H. Allabach. As the senior Colonel, he 
 commanded the brigade, and his love for your Regiment was well known. He 
 often spoke to me, in after years, of the gallantry of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth at Fredericksburg. " The old boys," said he, " got nearer the gates 
 of hell (the stonewall) than any other regiment engaged in that battle." 
 
 IMarye's Heights. 
 
 At Fredericksburg the corps was under the command of General Butter- 
 field, being part of General Hooker's Center Grand Division. One-half of the 
 very heavy losses of the Fifth Corps fell on Humphreys' Division in its bayonet 
 charge in the storming of ]\Iar>'e's Heights. Led by our intrepid Colonel, E. Jay 
 Allen, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth earned the highest praise from the com- 
 manding Generals. 
 
 General George G. Meade. 
 
 General George G. Meade succeeded General Butterfield. and led the Fifth 
 Corps at Chancellorsville. Soon after that engagement, the time of the nine- 
 months' regiments expired, and Humphreys' Division was necessarily discon- 
 tinued, and then you were placed in the Third Brigade, Colonel Patrick H. 
 O'Rorke commanding, of the Second Division, General George Sykes command- 
 ing. General Meade having been promoted to the command of the army, just 
 before the battle of Gettysburg, General George Sykes succeeded to his place 
 in command of the corps, the divisions being commanded in that battle by 
 Generals Barnes, Ayres and Crawford. Need I speak to you of Pennsylvania's 
 great hero, Meade? Modest, unassuming, brave, he, without any ostentatious 
 show, made himself beloved by all who came within the charmed circle. Some 
 years after the war, riding down Fifth avenue. Pittsburg, in company with your 
 speaker, he said, in speaking of the battle of Gettysburg: " The public have not 
 yet appreciated the greatness or result of that engagement. I have received but 
 little credit, and considerable condemnation, but the time will come, and after I 
 have gone, when historians will do me justice." He sleeps under the green 
 sward of his native State, awaiting the bugle call of the resurrection. 
 
 General George Sykes. 
 
 General George Sykes assumed command at Gettysburg and continued in 
 command of the corps until after the Mine Run campaign, in November, 1864. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 667 
 
 General Sykes was born in Dover, Delaware, October 9, 1822, and graduated 
 at West Point in 1843; served with distinction in the Mexican War and was 
 made a Major-General in the war of the rebellion, for gallant and meritorious 
 conduct. He was a brave, able and dashing officer. He died at Brownsville, 
 Texas, February 9, 1890, and through the energy of General Burnside, Con- 
 gress appropriated $1,000 to bury him at \\'est Point. 
 
 General G. K. \\'.\rren. 
 
 In March, 1864, the First Corps was transferred to the Fifth and General 
 Governeur K. Warren assigned to command the united corps. A braver or more 
 skillful General never led troops, a more chivalrous man never drew saber. You 
 who fought in so many battles under him need no history from my lips. His 
 death, long after the war, was as sad as his deeds had been great. As he lay 
 upon his death bed, his last words, spoken to his devoted wife, were: "When I 
 am dead, see that I am not buried in uniform: have no military emblems or 
 trappings near me. Allow no military escort. Convey me quietly to my grave 
 without pageant or show, I die a disgraced soldier." And thus, broken hearted, 
 the " bravest of the brave " joined the silent army : but the old veterans of the 
 Fifth Corps, who knew him so well and loved him so dearly, have oftentimes 
 shed silent tears to his memory, for their hero. General Warren was born at 
 Cold Spring, N. Y., January 8, 1830, graduated at West Point second in his 
 class in 1850, and died at Newport, R. I., August 8, 1882. At the close of the 
 battle and victory of Five Forks, won by his corps. General Warren was suddenly 
 relieved from command of the Fifth Corps, and was succeeded by your old and 
 rnost popular division Commander, General Charles' Griffin. 
 
 General Charles Griffin. 
 
 A number of General Griffin's friends, after the war, succeeded in having 
 him appointed Colonel of the Thirty-fifth Regiment United States Infantry, and 
 he was shortly after assigned to the Department of Texas. 
 
 On September 15, 1867, he fell a victim to the yellow fever, and to-day sleeps 
 in a little cemetery in Georgetown, D. C, without a stone to mark the spot. 
 Thus are many of our dead heroes forgotten. 
 
 General Romeyn B. i\yres. 
 
 During a considerable portion of your service, and when you made history, 
 you were a part of the Regular brigade, commanded by General Romeyn B. 
 Ayres, who was born at East Creek, Montgomery County, N. Y., December 20, 
 1895 ; graduated at West Point in 1847, going at once to Mexico as Second- 
 Lieutenant, where he served gallantly. 
 
 General Ayres was a .strict disciplinarian, a man of ability, and against whose 
 bravery no man could say aught. Rapid and decisive, but when in fault, quick to 
 make reparation. 
 
668 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Generals Griffin and Ayres. 
 
 A remarkable coincidence in the military careers of Generals Griffin and 
 Ayres was that they both participated, as Captains of Artillery, in the first battle 
 of Bull Run, and both, after serving continuously as Generals, during the war 
 in the Fifth Corps of the Army of the Potomac, and also fought, as division 
 Generals, at Five Forks, the last battle of the war, and both assisted in receiving 
 the surrender of Lee's army at Appomattox. After the war. General Ayres 
 became Colonel of one of the artillery regiments of the United States army, and 
 a few years ago was mustered out by death. 
 
 General J. Bowman Sweitzer. 
 
 Your brigade Commander in the great charge of June 18, 186-i, at Peters- 
 burg, was Colonel J. Bowman Sweitzer, of Pittsburg, who, as senior Colonel, 
 commanded by virtue of rank. He made a record for bravery in the Civil War 
 second to none. General Sweitzer entered the service as Major of the Sixty- 
 second Pennsylvania \'olunteers, July -i. 1861, and was among the fortunate 
 who took part in almost every important battle his command was engaged in. As 
 a brigade commander, he was cautious, yet brave and competent. He was 
 mustered out with his regiment July 13, 1864. He died in .\llegheny City a few 
 years ago, honored by the people of Pittsburg, and loved by his old comrades in 
 arms. 
 
 Colonel E. M. Gregory. 
 
 Again }-ou were transferred — this time to the c(inimand of Colonel E. M. 
 Gregory (Ninety-first Pennsylvania \'olunteers ). who, by reason of seniority, 
 commanded the brigade in several engagements. He was a kind-hearted, good 
 man, died highly honored, at Philadelphia, shortly after the war. 
 
 Death of General S. H. Weed. 
 
 General Stephen H. Weed had command of the brigade but a short time. 
 He received his commission as Brigade General on the march to Gettysburg for 
 gallant conduct of the artillery at Chancellorsville. He was born in New York 
 City in 1834, and was a graduate of West Point. He fell, mortally wounded, 
 July 2, 1863, leading his brigade, at Little Round Top, Gettysburg, exclaiming 
 as he fell : " I would rather die here than that the rebels should gain an inch 
 of this ground." 
 
 De.vtii of Colonel O'Rorke. 
 
 Colonel Patrick H. O'Rorke, of the One Hundred and Fortieth New York 
 Volunteers, assumed command of the Brigade on the death of General Weed, 
 but in a few minutes afterwards was killed by a sharpshooter, hidden in Devil's 
 Den. At the time of his death he was one of the youngest graduates of West 
 Point. He ranked number one in the Engineer class of 1861, On the death of 
 Colonel O'Rorke in the battle, the command of the Brigade devolved on Colonel 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 669 
 
 Kenner Garrard, also a graduate of West Point, then Colonel of the One Hun- 
 dred and Forty-sixth New York. Later in the war he commanded a division of 
 cavalry, attaining rank as Major-General. He was a gallant officer, and died but 
 a few years ago. 
 
 General Grant's Campaigns. 
 
 In the sanguinary campaigns of 1864, under General Grant, to the Fifth 
 Corps, led by General \\'arren, its new commander, belongs the honor of opening 
 the eventful fighting in the Wilderness. You served faithfully in the advance, 
 opening the fight under General Ayres, as commander of the First Brigade, with 
 General Charles Griffin, the Division commander, and lost heavy in the assaults 
 on the enemy's line. LInder these same distinguished commanders, brigade and 
 division, you continued to serve, participating in the severe engagements of 
 Spottsylvania. Laurel Hill, North Anna, Cold Harbor, and continued in their 
 commands until after the charge of the 18th of June, 18()4, on the enemy's works 
 before Petersburg. 
 
 General Joseph J. Bartlett. 
 
 General Joseph J. Bartlett assumed command of the Brigade in the earlv 
 fall of 1864, whilst it was serving in the trenches in the siege of Petersburg, and 
 as a brigade and division commander he was the peer of any. At Hatcher's 
 Run and Peebles' Farm actions he showed great bravery and generalship. Kind 
 and afifectionate, yet brave to a fault. He retained command until the battle of 
 Five Forks, when General Griffin succeeded General Warren, and General Bart- 
 lett was placed in command of the First Division. 
 
 General Bartlett was born in 1820. From 1807 to 1869, he was United States 
 minister to Sweden and Norway. On his return, he resided at Washington, and 
 died in 1892. 
 
 General A. L. Pearson. 
 
 Following him came your humble servant, who had the honor to command 
 at your last battle, " Appomattox Court House," and at the final Surrender. In 
 this action you fired the last shot, received the last shell, and had the last man 
 in the war killed, being Private William Montgomery, of Pittsburg. The war 
 being virtually over, you moved back to Arlington Heights, where General J. L. 
 Chamberlain exchanged from the First to the Third Brigade, and for a short 
 time commanded you, leading ^-ou in the ever-memorable Grand Review of the 
 Army of the Potomac at Washington, in May, 1865. Your zouave uniform, 
 bronzed and soldierly appearance as you marched in " open order " down Penn- 
 sylvania avenue in the Grand Review, elicited unbounded admiration and ap- 
 plause along the line. 
 
 General Joshua L. Chamberlain. 
 
 At the outbreak of the war. General Chamberlain was President of Bowdoin 
 College, Maine, and left that peaceful position tii recruit and organize the Twen- 
 tieth Regiment Maine Volunteers, which served side by side throughout the war 
 
(i70 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 GROUP AT REUNIC : 
 
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UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 671 
 
 1894, DUQUESNE PARK. 
 
673 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 with the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers in the Fifth 
 Corps. General Chamberlain won imperishable renown with his regiment on 
 Little Round Top, Gettysburg, succeeding in that battle to the command of the 
 Brigade under Colonel Strong Vincent, who fell in the battle. He enjoyed the 
 further distinction of being promoted by Lieutenant-General Grant to a Brigadier- 
 Generalship, for special gallantry in the famous charge of the 18th of June on 
 the Confederate works at Petersburg, in which action he received very severe 
 wounds. 
 
 At the close of the war, General Chamberlain was honored by election to 
 the office of Governor of Maine, which position he filled with honor to himself 
 and best interests of that State. He is still living at Portland, Maine, having 
 been appointed, some years ago. Collector of that port. 
 
 The Fifth Army Corps ended its existence June "34, 186.5. 
 
 " We stormed no time-worn castle walls, 
 Nor camped in grand old marble halls, 
 But on the endless Roll of Fame, 
 By deeds of blood we placed a name 
 That will remain till time's no more, 
 The honored, brave Fifth Army Corps." 
 
 Roster of Brigade and Division Commanders. 
 
 During the war you (One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers) served as follows: 
 
 From September 18, 1862. to May 16, 1863, with the Second Brigade, Third 
 Division. 
 
 From May 16, 1863, to March 24, 1864, with the Third Brigade, Second 
 Division. 
 
 From March 24, 1864, to April 3, 1864, with the Fourth Brigade, First 
 Division. 
 
 From April 3, 1864, to June 6, 1864, with the First Brigade, First Division. 
 
 From June 6, 1864, to November 3, 1864, with the Second Brigade, First 
 Division. 
 
 From November 2, 1864, to June 2, 1865, with the Third Brigade, First 
 Division. 
 
 Your divisions during the above period were at several times commanded by 
 General Humphreys, Colonel E. M. Gregory, General George Sykes, General R. B. 
 Ayres, General Chas. Griffin, General J. J. Bartlett, and General J. L. Cham- 
 berlain. 
 
 The brigades by Colonel P. H. Allabach. One Hundred and Thirty-first Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers ; Colonel J. B. Clark, One Hundred and Twenty-third Penn- 
 sylvania A'olunteers ; Colonel P. H. O'Rorke, One Hundred and Fortieth New 
 York; General S. H. Weed, Colonel George Ryan, One Hundred and Fortieth 
 New York; Colonel D. T. Jenkins, One Hundred and Forty-sixth New York; 
 General R. B. Ayres, Colonel J. B. Sweitzer, Sixty-second Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teers ; Colonel E. M. Gregory, Ninety-first Pennsylvania Volunteers ; General J. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 673 
 
 J. Bartlett, General A. L. Pearson. One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers: General J. L. Chamberlain, Twentieth Maine; Lieutenant-Colonel E. 
 G. Sellers, Ninety-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, and Colonel J. C. Edwards, 
 Thirty-second Massachusetts Volunteers. 
 
 Several of the above commanded but a short time, and the record would not 
 be complete without mentioning them. Their service as Brigade Commanders 
 being so limited, it is not necessary to give a full account of it. 
 
 While, perchance, some Nortliern woman 
 
 Waits- with heavy heart and eyes, 
 Prays, and waits and longs and listens 
 
 With a love that never dies, 
 Prays, and waits and keeps a token. 
 
 Just as women can and do. 
 Just a lock of hair, a letter. 
 
 Or a coat of faded blue. 
 
 Around the Camp-Fircs. 
 
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 REUNION OF THE ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT 
 AT CLARION, PA., JULY "29 AND 30, 1896. 
 
 First Day. — Arrival of Veterans in Clarion. 
 
 At an early hour the citizens of Clarion began decorating their houses, pub- 
 lic and private, in anticipation of the arrival of the veterans from a distance. 
 Two large banners were stretched across the streets, proclaiming the glad welcome 
 in the hearts of the people to the veterans of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 Regiment Pennsylvania X'ohmteers. 
 
 When the special train arrived bringing the delegation of veterans from 
 Pittsburg, the parade, as previously announced, was ready to meet them. The 
 procession was headed by Chief Marshal Major B. J. Reid, a survivor of the 
 gallant Sixty-third Pennsylvania \'olunteers. and his Chief-of-Staff. Major A. J. 
 Frazier, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, followed by Huling's Silver Cornet Band, 
 Captain J. B. Loomis Post, G. A. R., other veterans and a Reception Committee 
 composed of the Burgess, \\'. H. Ross, Esq., and twenty or more prominent 
 citizens of Clarion county. 
 
 Huling's Silver Cornet Band was assisted by Dave H. Woods, the manager 
 of Waite's Comedy Company. The band made a splendid appearance, and many 
 words of praise for their music were heard. 
 
 Second D.w. — \'kteraxs" Parade to Nok.\l\l Hall. 
 
 Promptly at 1: 30 o'clock p. m.. the parade, which consisted of all those men- 
 tioned as taking part and Company D. Fifteenth Regiment, N. G. P.. the Clarion 
 Hose Company No. 1, and a large number of veterans who had come in later. 
 proceeded to Normal Hall. Huling's Silver Cornet Band and the Sligo Martial 
 Band enlivened the march with stirring music and the noise of the Clarion's Hard- 
 ware tiny mortar sought to rouse the memory of more stirring scenes in the 
 hearts of the ageing veterans in the ranks. 
 
 Afternoon Programme. 
 
 Captain W. F. Collner. of Clarion, called the meeting to order and introduced 
 Colonel S. W. Hill, of Allegheny City. President of the Regimental Association. 
 
 Coi-OXEL Hill's Address. 
 
 Colonel Hill called the attention of the assembled veterans to the fact that 
 of the total regiment, less than four hundred are still alive, the address of three 
 hundred and seventy of them being in the possession of the Regimental Associa- 
 
 ll 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 677 
 
 CAPT. WILLIAM F. COLLNER. 
 Chairman Clarion Reunion. 
 
678 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 iton. He called on all present to remember that it is but in the mercy and favor 
 of a kind Father that it was permitted any of these to assemble in reunion. He, 
 therefore, requested respectful attention while the Reverend John A. Kribbs 
 invoked the blessing of the Almighty God. This was followed by an 
 
 Address of Welcome from Burgess Ross. 
 
 The veterans of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, and all other soldiers were 
 heartily welcomed by Burgess W. H. Ross, ably seconded by A. A. Geary, Esq. 
 
 Response by Colonel John Ewing. 
 
 The welcome was responded to by Colonel John Ewing, of Pittsburg. 
 Colonel Ewing enlisted from Clarion and was listened to with pleasure by many 
 whom he had known in younger days. 
 
 " The Fifth Army Corps," by Major B. J. Reid. 
 
 The first paper of the meeting was read by Major B. J. Reid, of Clarion, a 
 member of the Sixty-third Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Major Reid's 
 subject was the " Fifth Army Corps." He described many scenes in which he, 
 while serving in the Third Army Corps, had seen the Fifth Corps engaged. His 
 eloquent references to General Fitz John Porter, its organizer, and to General 
 Warren, its subsequent commander until the final victory of the corps at Five 
 Forks, were received with great applause. 
 
 Recitations by Miss Eva Morgan. 
 
 Miss Eva Morgan, of Carnegie, Pa., delighted the audience by reciting sev- 
 eral popular declamations. She was unanimously elected a daughter of the 
 Regiment, on motion of Colonel John H. Cain, who made the presentation speech. 
 
 Camp Fire. 
 
 The camp fire was called to order at 8 p. m., with Captain W. F. Collner, of 
 Clarion, in the chair. 
 
 Colonel E. Jay Allen being unable to attend, his beautiful poem entitled, 
 " Fall in. Comrade," was read to the audience by the Secretary. 
 
 Comrade L. E. McPherson delivered a finished oration entitled, " The 
 Soldier." 
 
 Interesting addresses were made by Brevet-Major George F. Morgan, Rev- 
 erend John A. Kribbs, Doctor T. C. Lawson, Colonel John H. Cain, and John 
 H. Kerr. 
 
 The reunion exercises concluded with the sounding of " taps " by the bugler. 
 After the silvery tones of the bugle had ceased, the comrades joined hands and 
 together with the audience sung the refrain of " Auld Lang Syne." A genera! 
 hand-shaking followed, and the reunion was at an end. 
 
 ( 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 67& 
 
 MAJ. BERNARD J. REID. 
 Orator Clarion Reunion. 
 
680 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 MAJ. GEO. M. LAUGHLIN, 
 Treasurer 155th Association. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 681 
 
 MISS EVA MORGAN. "DAUGHTER OF THE REGIMENT.' 
 Elected at Clarion Reunion. 
 
683 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 REUNIOX ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT PENN- 
 SYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 At Kenny wood Park, 1903. 
 
 Order of Exercises. 
 
 Assembly by Comrade J. K. Heflick Drum Corps. 
 
 1. Association called to order for business, 11 .\. .m. Calling of Roll by 
 Secretary. 
 
 2. Address by Chairman, Cclonel S. W. Hill. 
 
 3. Invocation by Chaplain, Reverend John A. Kribbs. late Captain Com- 
 pany G. 
 
 4. Roll call by Corporal W. M. Birch, Assistant Secretary. 
 
 5. Dinner call. Bugler Comrade Benjamin M. HotYman. 
 
 6. Company meetings. Grouping for Photographing. 
 
 7. Report of companies. 
 
 8. Election of oiificers of Association. 
 
 CAMP FIRE AND SOCIAL. 
 
 Comrade C. F. McKenn.\, Presiding. 
 
 " Tenting on the Old Camp Ground " Miss Myrtle Holmes 
 
 Opening Remarks Colonel E. Jay Allen 
 
 Music Orchestra 
 
 Address Colonel John Ewing 
 
 Music Orchestra 
 
 Address L. E. McPherson 
 
 Recitation Eva Morgan Mulvey, " Daughter of the Regiment " 
 
 Address Reverend Jno. A. Kribbs 
 
 Reading letters from absent comrades. 
 
 Shore-Jones Correspondence. — Fl.\g of Truce. 
 
 The following interesting correspondence was read to the comrades at the 
 reunion and was ordered to be made part of the archives of the Regimental 
 Association : 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa., April 4, 1902. 
 Honorable Thomas Goode Jones, 
 
 Montgomery, Ala. 
 Dear Sir: A clipping was recently handed me, stating that the President 
 had appointed you to a judgeship for the Northern and Middle District of the 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
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 State of Alabama, and giving a sketch of personal history, stating that you had 
 served in the Confederate army under General Gordon, and carried a flag of 
 truce to Sheridan's lines at Appomattox. 
 
 My object in addressing you is to ascertain if you remember on that oc- 
 casion as you approached the Union skirmish line you stopped and asked a Union 
 soMier, dressed in a zouave uniform, where the commanding General was. If 
 you are the person that carried the flag of truce in at that point, I was the party 
 who directed you. I was Sergeant-Major of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers, First Brigade, First Division. Fifth Army Corps, Gen- 
 eral Griffin commanding. Our Regiment was on the skirmish line that morning, 
 advancing into Appomattox, when I saw a supposed calvaryman advancing from 
 the Confederate lines with a flag of truce ; he stopped, addressed me an inquiry, 
 and I directed him where to go. This is a matter of personal interest to me to 
 straighten out history, and it will also be a source of pleasure to renew an ac- 
 quaintance and claim you as a friend who was once a foe. 
 
 Hoping to hear from you at an early date, I remain, 
 
 \'ery truly yours, 
 
 WiLLi.VM Shore. 
 
 Answer of Judge Jones. 
 
 District Court of United States. 
 
 Huntsville, Ala., April 14, 1902. 
 Mr. Willi.mm Shore, 
 
 Pittsburg. Pa. 
 
 My Dear Sir: Your letter of A]>ril Tth revives some interesting memories, 
 and I reply at the earliest opportunity. 
 
 When the war ended at Appomattox, I was an officer on the staff of Major- 
 General John B. Gordon, who then commanded the Second Corps of the Army 
 of Northern Virginia, and parts of Anderson's corps. General Gordon was se- 
 lected to command the troops which attempted to cut out about daybreak on 
 April 9th, and I was with him in that charge. As you will remember, we drove 
 the cavalry some distance ; when, coming upon General Ord's forces, we retired, 
 without attempting to break through, then being closely pushed by the infantry. 
 When General Gordon ascertained that General Ord's command was in front of 
 him, he gave up all hope of cutting through, and as he had been directed in that 
 event by General Lee, with whom he was in communication by messenger and 
 courier, sent in flags of truce at several points on the line in our front. I think 
 one of these flags was carried by Major Sims, of General Longstreet's staff, 
 who had carried a message to General Gordon, who had called on Longstreet for 
 help. Another of these flags was carried by Captain or Major Arnold, who, if I 
 recollect aright, was at the headquarters of the division commanded by General 
 C. A. Evans ; and Major Hunter, of General Gordon's staff, I believe, also car- 
 ried a flag of truce. I also carried a flag. As the emergency was very pressing, 
 and your people were about to swoop down upon us, it was all important to stop 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
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 hostilities at once, and General Gordon directed flags to be carried to several 
 points along the line which was advancing on us. I was then not quite twenty- 
 one years old, and was mounted on a good-looking bay horse, and was in full 
 dress, having put on our best unifonns for fear that they would be captured 
 with the wagons. We all expected the worst and wished to be dressed as decently 
 as possible. I rode in on the right of Appomattox Court House, coming from 
 the direction of our lines. Some of your skirmishers opened fire on me at first, 
 but they stopped as soon as they perceived my flag of truce, which was a large, 
 white napkin in which some ladies had wrapped some snack for me the day 
 before, the napkin being all that remained in my haversack. I have always had 
 a vague recollection that the officer I met was an artilleryman, and it may be you 
 were the man who told me where to go, and that I mistook the artilleryman for 
 a man in zouave uniform. I was so intent on getting the firing stopped that I 
 did not pay very particular attention to what happened on the skirmish line. 
 Thirty-seven years have elapsed since then, and my memory is not very distinct 
 as to the details. I think the first general officer I was carried to was General 
 Chamberlain, of Maine, who was a Division Commander, and if I am not mis- 
 taken, he carried me to General Griffin. I remember distinctly having some talk 
 with a General Forsythe, who, if I remember correctly, was a cavalry General. 
 General Sheridan was near by. I think he or some of his staff rode out into a 
 part of the field where I was, and said something about having another flag of 
 truce and that " we seemed anxious to stop " and so on. From this point I was 
 sent with a Union officer to some Confederates, who did not understand the situa- 
 tion, and w-ere trying to move off and were occasionally firing. After this I 
 went back into the Confederate lines to where General Lee was sitting on the 
 road about a mile from Appomattox Court House on some rails near an apple 
 orchard, waiting to hear from General Grant. It would give me great pleasure 
 to meet vou should chance ever bring you to Alabama, and I will hunt you up if 
 I ever come to Pittsburg 
 
 Yours very truly. 
 
 Thos. G. Jones. 
 
 Men who took the starry banner. 
 
 All its clinging folds unfurled. 
 Went forth dauntless, daring, dying, 
 
 On the ramparts of the world. 
 
 REUNION ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 
 At Bellevue Club, Tuesday, June -io, 190G. 
 
 Programme. 
 
 Company Meetings. Roll Call at 3 p. m. Special Business. Correcting Roster 
 and Company Records for Publication in Regimental History. 
 
 Dress Parade and Review on Lawn 5 p. m. 
 
 Supper 5 : 30 p. M. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 691 
 
692 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
UNDER THE ]\IALTESE CROSS. 693 
 
 Camp Firk. 
 
 Called to Order 7 P. m. — 7 to 10 p. m. 
 
 Toastniaster John T. Porter, Company H 
 
 Song — " L'nfurl the Glorious Banner " Qnartette 
 
 Address Reverend Doctor N. H. Holmes 
 
 Music Second Brigade Band 
 
 Poem — " The \'eteran Colonel E. J. Allen 
 
 A chapter from the forthcoming Regimental lli>tory — " Appomattox," S. W. Hill 
 
 Recitation Blanche Beggs 
 
 Address — " Quiet Observer " Erasmus Wilson 
 
 Martial ]\Iusic Littlehales and Heflick 
 
 Address Dr. T. C. Lawson 
 
 MUSIC. 
 
 The Secretary read the following interesting corres])ondence from General 
 Chamberlain on the Flag of Truce and descripticm of the final surrender at Ap- 
 pomattox — a contribution of great historical value : 
 
 Gexer.-\l Ciiamberl.mn ox the Flag of Truce axd Appomattox. 
 
 Portland. ]Maine, April 1, 190G. 
 
 Colonel Chas. F. AIcKenna. 
 
 Secretary One Hundred and I""ift\-fifth Regimental Association. 
 
 My Dear Friend: I have yours of the 1st inst. with newspaper enclosure, 
 being an interview of William Shore, of Pittsburg, late Sergeant-Major, One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, who was on duty on the ad- 
 vance skirmish line of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers 
 at Appomattox when the first flag of truce from Gordon's Corps came into the 
 Ijnion line at position occupied by Fifth Corps advance. As the Commander 
 of the First Division, Fifth Corps, at the time, a statement from me is requested 
 concerning same for archives of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regimental 
 Association. It is a long story to explain, this " flag of truce " incident, as related 
 by Comrade Shore, of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment, which is so 
 far as I know correctly stated by him. 
 
 But I have nearly got tired of the eftorts to reconcile all the stories of that 
 " flag of truce." The lists of those to whom it came is a perplexing one for 
 length. I have almost begun, on reading of these, to doubt if I was there after 
 ali, though the official report of the distinguished Commander of the Fifth Corps 
 says: " General Chamberlain's ( First) Division led the advance and was engaged 
 driving the enemy rapidly before me when the ' flag of truce ' came in." Some- 
 times I turn back to official records to warrant me in the belief that I was really 
 there at all. 
 
694 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Positions of Union Battle Lines at Surrender. 
 
 Perhaps it may help you to take in the situation at Appomattox if I relate 
 in a few words the shape of the opposing lines at the moment the flag of truce 
 came in. 
 
 General Ord with his Corps of Army of the James was on the left and ex- 
 tending across the Lynchburg Pike; then General Crawford's (Third) Division, 
 Fifth Corps, and General Ayres' (Second) Division; and next came General 
 Bartlett with the Second Brigade of the late General Grififin's Third Division, 
 Fifth Corps, which I had turned off from the column with my own Brigade and 
 Gregory's (Second) and had rushed to the right of what afterwards became our 
 line of battle. You will bear in mind that 
 Gordon's Corps was on our front and Long- 
 street's Corps was on our right of our entire 
 line, being in the rear of the Rebel advance. 
 Grant was with Meade following up Lee's 
 rear, that is, Longstreet's, etc. 
 
 Bartlett's skirmish line was in front of 
 the main body of the Fifth Corps, not in m)- 
 front, as I had been taken by General Sher- 
 idan to relieve a division of his cavalry to the 
 right of all. I had a double line of battle, be- 
 ing in immediate contact with the " Stonewall 
 Jackson Brigade." I myself was at the ex- 
 treme right of our line and saw the flag of 
 truce as it left the Rebel lines, not in my front, 
 but to my right. 
 
 It came diagonally, directly to me where 
 I was in a conspicuous position on quite an 
 eminence. The man who bore it has had 
 many a conference with me since, and I have 
 a detailed statement from him of the circum- 
 stances which attended the sending out of ten 
 flags by Longstreet and Gordon. The flag 
 that came to me I sent along the line to the 
 left to Sheridan and Ord. Of course, it passed many commands and commanders, 
 and so all these stories of receiving this " flag of truce " may well be true. The 
 flag came to me first. There is no doubt about that, and I sent it along. It was 
 from Longstreet and Gordon. It was the identical flag that went to Sheridan. 
 If there were other flags, I do not know who sent them. Grant was not on the 
 field then. 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 J. L. Chamberlain, 
 
 Brigadier and Brevet Major-Gen'l, 
 Commanding First Division, Fifth Corps, 
 April 9. 1865. 
 
 GEN. J. L, chamberlain. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 695 
 
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 Chairman Hill directed the secretary to read a very important letter received 
 by the Association, caUint;- for the correction of its obituary record, as follows: 
 
 " LAMENTATIONS OF JEREML^H." 
 
 Centennial. Calumet County. Nebraska, August 15, 1903. 
 
 To The Executive Committee of the One Hundred and Fiftv-fiftii Penn- 
 
 SYLV.'\Ni.\ Volunteers. 
 
 Comrades: On behalf of Jeremiah Smith, an esteemed fellow-comrade of 
 your Regiment, I write appealing that you rescind and correct record of obituary 
 resolutions on his supposed de- 
 cease and condolence adopted 
 and published four }ears ago in 
 report of Clarion county Re- 
 union of the Regiment. The 
 memorial resolutions, thus 
 passed. consigning Comrade 
 Smith to a premature grave, was 
 based on a mistake, as it was his 
 wife, and not the comrade him- 
 self, whei died in Nebraska, and 
 who was by this mistake re- 
 ported to the Reunion as having 
 joined the Army of the Dead. 
 Coinrade Smith is, I beg to as- 
 sure you, alive and hearty. He 
 is a poor scholar and not nuich 
 of a writer, and therefore has 
 asked me to forward this appeal 
 in his behalf to have the Regi- 
 mental record of his death cor- 
 rected — or at least its publication 
 postponed until alter he actually 
 joins tho.'e who sleep on 
 " Fame's Eternal Camping 
 Ground." He says his former 
 letters to the Regimental Association, protesting against the action, have been 
 returned to him in Nebraska through the dead letter office and he hopes this letter 
 from me will reach you. He is much annoyed by the uncontradicted reports of 
 his death, having trouble with a new Grand Army post, into which he sought 
 admission. His death was also a subject of investigation and trouble by a com- 
 mittee of the church in a new neighborhood to which he removed. Besides all 
 this distress, he complains that the existence of the Regimental record of his 
 death actually interferes with his success in getting a new wife and also seriously 
 delays his obtaining a ] ension. For these reasons, therefore, and because abun- 
 
 COMRADE JEREMIAH SMITH. 
 
698 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 DRESS PARADE AND REVIEW OF SURVI 
 
UNDER THE AIALTESE CROSS. 
 
 699 
 
 OL. ALLEN, BELLEVUE REUNION, 1907. 
 
700 UNDER THE MALTESE CRUSS. 
 
 dant proof can be furnished that the comrade is still alive, he respectfully asks 
 early attention of your Committee to the matter of correcting the rolls of the 
 Regiment and repealing the obituary resolutions of four years ago, sending him 
 to a premature grave. He hopes his request will not be deemed unreasonable. 
 Mr. Smith is now farming, and this year has had a remarkably good crop from 
 his one hundred acres, all in wheat. If the obnoxious mortuary resolution is ex- 
 punged from the minutes, he authorizes me to state that he will report in per- 
 son and answer " roll call " at the next reunion, wherever it' may be held, if notice 
 reaches him. To establish his identity. Comrade Smith encloses his latest photo- 
 graph, taken last harvest. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 JAMES J. JONES, 
 
 Justice of Peace and Probate Judge, 
 
 R. F. D. No. 1, Centennial, 
 
 Calumet Coiuity. Nebraska. 
 
 A motion was made by Comrade John C. Sias to grant the request to correct 
 the record of Comrade Smith, but after a full discussion by the Association, an 
 objection was raised by Comrade Thomas E. Morgan on the parliamentary 
 ground that the resolution declaring the death of Comrade Smith having passed 
 unanimously, according to " Cushing's Manual "' and " Small's Hand-book," lead- 
 ing authorities, it could not be reconsidered, and that, therefore, the aggrieved 
 comrade could have no relief, in his npinion, except by applying to Congress for 
 correction of his death record. 
 
 Chairman Hill ruled the point of order well taken, and sustained the objec- 
 tion to further action bv the Association. 
 
 %K 
 
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UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 701 
 
 
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 GEN. A. A. HUMPHREYS' MONUMENT. 
 
 National Cemetery. Fredericksburg. 
 
 Unveiled Nov. 11, 1908. 
 
702 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
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UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 703 
 
 DEDICATORY CEREMONIES 
 
 FREDERICKSBURG. VIRGINIA 
 
 NOVEMBER ELEVENTH, I90S 
 
 II A. M. The assembly 
 Music Tansill's district of Columbia band 
 
 INVOCATION I he Rev. J. Richards Boyle, D. D. 
 
 Captain and Assistant Q. M., U. S. yolnntecrs 
 
 Address of WelcOA^E Major Robert W. Hunter, 
 
 Representing HON. CLAUDE A. SWANSON, Governor of Virginia 
 
 Address of welcome In behalf of the Confederates Judge John T. Goodrick 
 
 RESPONSE BY THE GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA 
 
 ADDRESS AND TRANSFER OF MONUMENT TO EDWIN S. STUART, 
 
 Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 
 
 George F. ^\ER, President of the Commission 
 
 UNVEILING OF MONUMENT Miss Letitia A. Humphreys 
 
 Daughter of the late (Major General A. A. Humphreys 
 
 Music Star Spangled Banner 
 
 RECEPTION OF Monument by the Governor of Pennsylvania 
 
 AND Transfer to the care of the United States Government 
 
 Governor EDWIN S. STUART 
 
 ACCEPTANCE ON BEHALF OF UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 
 The Assistant Secretary of War, ROBERT SHAW OLIVER 
 
 ADDRESS Colonel Alexander K. McClurc 
 
 MUSIC Tansill's Band 
 
 BENEDICTION 
 
r04 UNDER THE ^^lALTESE CROSS. 
 
 UNVEILING OF GENERAL HUMPHREYS' :\IONUMENT. 
 Fredericks!!urg, November 11, 1908. 
 
 Responding to the invitation of the State of Pennsylvania to the survivors 
 of Humphreys" Division in the battle of Fredericksburg, the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Regimental Association accepted the free transportation to Freder- 
 icksburg and return for the ceremonies of the unveiling of the monument to 
 Alajor-General Andrew A. Humphreys, on November 11, 1908, to commemorate 
 the gallant charge of his Division on Marye's Heights, Fredericksburg, Decem- 
 ber 13, 18(j"2, led by General Humphreys in person. 
 
 The Association also voted to hold its reunion and camp fire in the Court 
 House at Fredericksburg on the date of said unveiling. Upwards of one hundred 
 comrades of the Regiment attended the dedicatory services and reunion. The 
 unveiling exercises were attended by the Honorable Edwin S. Stuart, Governor 
 of Pennsylvania, and his entire stafl:" in full unifiirm. Adjutant-General Thomas 
 J. Stewart, Colonel Charles A. Rook, Colonel O. S. Hershman, Colonel A. J. 
 Logan, Lieutenant-Governor Robert S. Murphy, and Assistant Secretary of War 
 Robert S. Oliver. 
 
 On behalf of the State of Penn.sylvania, Governor Stuart, in an appropria- 
 ate address, presented the monument to the United States, and introduced Colonel 
 .\le.xander K. McClure, of Philadelphia, as the orator of the day. 
 
 The monument was unveiled by Miss Letitia Humphreys, of Philadelphia, 
 daughter of General Humphreys. The General R. E. Lee Camp of Confederate 
 \'eterans, of Fredericksburg, and the Sons of Confederates, in uniform, took 
 part in the procession, and marched with martial music through the town to the 
 National Cemetery, escorting upwards of five hundred Union veterans of Hum- 
 phreys' Division forming the main column. 
 
 The attendance of the One Hundred and Twenty-third Regiment survivors 
 from Pittsburg at the exercises was remarkably large on the occasion. Private 
 \^'illiam Witherow, of that regiment, having served as one of the Monument 
 Commission, was in attendance in that capacity, in charge of the Dedication 
 ceremonies. 
 
 This regiment was so long and so closely associated, during their term of 
 service in Camp Humphreys, and on the march and in battle, in .Allabach's 
 Brigade with the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, that comrades of the One Hun- 
 dred and Twentythird became, on return to civil life in Alleghenw county, par- 
 ticularly fraternal and intimate with their former comrades of the One Hiuidred 
 and Fifty-fifth. 
 
 In a previous chapter, descriptive of the itinerary of the latter regiment, is 
 narrated the escort duty and farewell exercises of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth, on the departure of the One Hundred and Twenty-third for Pittsburg, in 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 705 
 
 V BR.ABV 
 
 MEMBERS 123RD PA. VOLS. 
 
706 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 il 
 
 WILLIAM w. McClelland. 
 
 CAPT. JOHN S. bell. 
 
 May, 1863, after the battle of Chancellorsville. Among the well-known One 
 Hundred and Twenty-third veterans who visited Fredericksburg on this occasion 
 with their comrades of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth were Major H. K. 
 Tyler, Major R. E. Stewart, A. P. Burchfield, Frank P. Kohen. Daniel Ashworth, 
 W. W. McClelland, Andrew S. Miller, Captain John S. Bell, John Bradley, Doctor 
 B. B. Smith, and others. The veterans of the One Hundred and Twenty-third 
 visited the National Cemeterv and left mementoes on the graves of their fellow 
 
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 MAJ. HORATIO K. TYLER. 
 
 CAPT. DANIEL BOISEL. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 707 
 
 MAJ. R. E. STEWART. 
 
 A. P. BURCHFIELD. 
 
 WILLIAM WITHEROW. 
 
ro8 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 comrades whose names are marked there, one of whom was the gallant Captain 
 Daniel W. Boisol, who lost his life in the fore-front of the battle on Marye's 
 Heights. 
 
 Among the prominent survivors of the charge of Marye"s Heights who at- 
 tended the Humphreys' monument unveiling and the Court House reunion and 
 camp fire of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment were Doctor Thomas 
 
 J. H. GILSON. 
 
 THOMAS D. DAVIS. 
 
 D. Davis and the Reverend J. H. Gilson, of Pittsburg, and all of whom served 
 in the ranks of the One Hundred and Thirty-third Pennsylvania \'olunteers. 
 War-time pictures of these comrades arc herewith published, being of curious 
 interest to the readers of the present generation. 
 
 After the conclusion of the Dedication ceremonies. Colonel Allen, in com- 
 pany with a number of comrades of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, wandered 
 ofif among the graves of the " unknown dead," somewhere among whom was the 
 mound of the brave Color-Corporal Charles llardeen, and deposited sprigs of 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
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 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 evergreen upon the green sod of the unknown heroes. In the Chapter descriptive 
 of the charge on ]\Iarye's Heights, readers will recall the incident of the death 
 of Corporal Bardeen, and the pathetic fact that Colonel Allen and other officers 
 of the Regiment made diligent but unsuccessful searches for his body, and there- 
 fore it was buried among the imknown dead. 
 
 Regiment.^l Reunion. 
 The programme of the Regimental Reunion held in the Court House con- 
 sisted of addresses by Colonel S. W. Hill, Chairman ; John T. Porter, Secretary ; ^ 
 and an oration by Colonel E. Jay Allen. The address of welcome was delivered 
 by Honorable John T. Goolrick, of Fredericksburg. Remarks were also made 
 by Captain Daniel Ashworth and Andrew S. Aliller, of the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-third Regiment Pennsylvania A'olunteers, and Sergeant James A. Mc- 
 ]\Iillen, Privates Chas. F. McKenna, Cliarles A. Walter, and Surgeon Wilson, 
 of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth. A number of Confederate veterans also en- 
 tertained the reunion with interesting reminiscences of the great battles of Fred- 
 ericksburg, Chancellorsville, the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, all these battle- 
 fields being within a radius of ten to fifteen miles of and within easy access from 
 Fredericksburg. The Union veterans availed themselves of the opportunity to 
 make exxursions to those fields of carnage in the Civil W^ar, and many more 
 delegations extended their visits to Richmond and Petersburg. This event will 
 long be renieml)ered by the visiting veterans as a most interesting occurrence. 
 
 The survivors of the One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth Regiment in at- 
 tendance were grouped for photo- 
 graphing at the foot of the General 
 Humphreys' monument. Miss Letitia 
 Humphreys favored the survivors of 
 her father's command by occupying a 
 position in the group being photo- 
 graphed. 
 
 The comrades of the One Hun- 
 (h-ed and Fifty-fifth were justly proud 
 of the presence at these Dedication 
 ceremonies of Colonel E. Jay Allen, 
 their commander in the famous charge 
 on Marye's Heights, and of the dis- 
 tinction accorded him of being the 
 only surviving regimental commander 
 of the eight Pennsylvania regiments 
 composing Humphreys' Division in 
 the " forlorn hope." 
 
 Fear not, O ye men of battle. 
 
 That your lofty deeds sublime 
 Shall grow dim to coming ages, 
 COL. E, JAY ALLEN AND SURG. W. S. WILSON, Qr he lost to future time 
 
 Meeting on Marye's Heights, 1908. '"^ °^ '°^^ ^° lUture tmie. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 711 
 
712 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Allegheny Countv Soldiers' Memorial Hall. 
 
 The Magnificent Temple, shown on preceding page, to the memory of the 
 Soldiers, Sailors and Marines of Allegheny County who fought in defense of 
 the Union and Constitution in the War of 1861 and 1865, was erected pursuant 
 to almost unanimous popular vote of the people of the county appropriating one 
 million two hundred and fifty thousand dollars for said patriotic object. On 
 the 11th day of October, 1908, during the week devoted to the celebration of the 
 Sesqui Centennial of the capture by the British forces under General Forbes 
 in 1758 of the French Fort Duquesne, and the erection of Fort Pitt, the ex- 
 ercises of the laying of the corner stone of the Soldiers' iMemorial Hall were 
 conducted by the Grand Army Association of Allegheny County. 
 
 This organization and the Union \'eteran Legion Encampment organized 
 the movement for the Memorial Hall and met with most generous and cordial 
 approval by the citizens, the public press, and general sentiment of the county. 
 
 Commodious meeting rooms for Posts of the Grand Army and LTnion Vet- 
 eran Legion have been provided and handsomely furnished. Provisions for 
 museum of relics of civil war, also Auditorium of capacity of 3,-500 for meetings, 
 campfires and public entertainments are included in the designs. The names 
 of upwards of 26,000 soldiers and sailors of the county are by law directed 
 to be inscribed on mural tablets together with list of battles, casualties, etc. 
 Ample corridors, spaces for statuary, busts, and medallions of distinguished 
 soldiers of the county have also been arranged. 
 
 By special recommendations of the Grand Jury, aooroved bv Countv Court, 
 life-sized statues of the following soldiers who fell in battle commanding Alle- 
 gheny County troops are directed to be placed in the ^lemorial Hall — funds suffi- 
 cient for said objects to be specially reserved, viz. ; 
 
 Major-General Alexander Hays, Sixty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers. Killed 
 at Wilderness. 
 
 Brigadier-General Conrad F. Jackson, Ninth Pensylvania Reserve. Killed at 
 Fredericksburg. 
 
 Colonel Samuel W. Black, Sixty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers. Killed at 
 Gaines Mills. 
 
 Colonel Oliver H. Rippey, Sixty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers. Killed at Fair 
 Oaks. 
 
 Colonel James H. Childs, Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry. Killed at Antietam. 
 
 Colonel John W. Patterson, One Hundred and Second Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 Killed at Wilderness. 
 
 Major Frank B. Ward, Fifteenth Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalry. Killed at 
 Stone River. 
 
 Captain Robert B. Hampton, Hampton's Battery. Killed at Chancellorsville. 
 
 Colonel William H. Moody, One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Pennsylvania Vol- 
 unteers. Killed at Cold Harbor. 
 
 Private William IMontgomery, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Vol- 
 unteers. Killed at Appomattox April 9, 1865. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 713 
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
 AND 
 
 SKETCHED 
 
 Maj.-Gen. G.K.Warren 
 Corp. Harry M. Curry 
 Maj. Geo. M. Laughlin 
 Col. John H. Cain 
 Maj.-Gen. A. L. Pearson 
 Capt. Samuel A. McKee 
 Capt. Geo. p. McClelland 
 Corp. Horatio S. Harnish 
 ScT. Henry R. Campbell 
 Rev. Joseph Mateer. D.D 
 Corp. George Bradley 
 Sgt. Thomas J. Marlin 
 Color-Sgt. Thos. Wiseman 
 Maj. Samuel Kilgore 
 James P. O'Neill 
 Col. Peter H. Allabach 
 Col. Patrick H. O'Rorke 
 Maj.-Gen. F. Winthrop 
 Brig.-Gen. S. H. Weed 
 
 ;\*/, 
 
714 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 How sleep the brave who sink to rest 
 By all their country's wishes blest? 
 By fairy hands their knell is rung, 
 By forms unseen their dirge is sung. 
 
 J 
 
 i| 
 
 TAPS I 
 
 t 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 715 
 
 Hirii nl |^f raporf ;iS .|.X\ngn^f s,l88a 
 
 Prof. Wm. W. McClelland, Penman. 
 
 The above is a fac simile of title page to Resolutions on death of Gen'l Warren by 
 Western Pennsylvania veterans of Second, Third and Fifth Corps of the Army of Potomac. 
 The Memorial Album was formally presented to Mrs. Warren by a Committee sent from 
 Pittsburg. 
 
716 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 ACTION ON DEATH OF GENERAL WARREN. 
 
 The death of General G. K. \\'arren, at Newport, R. 1.. in August, 1882, 
 caused many meetings of surviving comrades, residing in Pennsylvania, who in 
 the Second and Fifth Corps of the Army of the Potomac had served under the 
 lamented General. 
 
 A public meeting was held in [Municipal Hall. Pittsburg, to take appropriate 
 action, and was largely attended. Honorable Robert \\'. Lyon. ^layor of the city, 
 an honored veteran, presided, and introduced General ]. Bowman Sweitzer, Com- 
 mander of a Brigade imder General W^arren, who paid an earnest tribute to the 
 bravery and skill of the deceased General, .\mong the \'ice-Presidents of the 
 public meeting was General Richard Coulter, of Greensburg, also a commander 
 of a Brigade under General Warren in all the hotly contested actions from Wil- 
 derness to Five Forks. 
 
 General Coulter, in a letter, paid an eloquent tribute to the intrepidity and' 
 generalship of General Warren, as observed b}- him personally in the battle of 
 Five Forks, entitling him to be justly called the true hero of that battle. 
 
 The survivors of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania \'olunteers, 
 so long serving under General \\'arren, felt it due his memory that they take 
 special action and. therefore, adopted the following minute: 
 
 THE SOLDIERS OF THE 
 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH REGIAIENT PENNSVL\"AXIA 
 
 \'6lUNTEERS, fifth CORPS, 
 
 of the 
 
 AR^IY OF THE POTOMAC, 
 
 — residing in — 
 
 WESTERN PENNSYL\'ANIA, 
 
 having learned of the sudden and untimely death, on .\ugust 8, 188'2, of their late 
 beloved corps commander, 
 
 AIAJOR-GENERAL G. K. WARREN, 
 
 have met to manifest by public action the magnitude of their loss and the depth 
 and poignancy of their grief therefor. 
 
 Resolved, That we esteem it a sad privilege to assemble as his late comrades 
 to render to his memory the sorrowful tribute of our respect and love, and in 
 sympathy if not in person, to lay upon the grave which to-day closes forever upon 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 717 
 
 liis manly form our garlands of affection and " the laurel meed of mighty con- 
 querors." 
 
 Resolved, That in his death the nation has lost a true patriot, who shed 
 his blood and risked his life in her defense, the armies of the United States an 
 educated and experienced officer who honored and adorned the service, the " Fifth 
 Corps " of the " Army of the Potomac," another of its great commanders who 
 has silently passed away from the camps of the living to join his Illustrious 
 compeers. Hooker, Meade, Sykes. Griffin and Reynolds, in the Valhalla of our 
 consecrated heroes. 
 
 General .\. L. Pearson, Colonel John Ewing, F)revet-^Iajor Geo. M. Laugh- 
 lin, Brevet-Major Samuel Kilgore, and Captain A. H. Heisey, on behalf of the 
 surviving field and staff of the Regiment, paid aft'ectionate tributes to the beloved 
 General, and were followed on liehalf of the rank and file by eloquent remarks 
 from Comrades John H. Kerr, S. W". Hill. Chas. F. McKenna, John C. Sias and 
 L. E. McPherson. 
 
 CORPORAL HARRY M. CURRY. 
 By Colonel E. ].\y Allen. 
 
 Harry I\L Curry' was born January .30, 18i7, at W'ilkinsburg, Allegheny 
 county. Pa., and died May 5, 1900. Not yet having reached the age of sixteen, 
 he succeeded in enlisting on August 23, 1862, in Company F, One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania \^olunteers, and was discharged from the service at the 
 close of the war by General Orders, June .5. 1865. 
 
 To look into the face of that gentle, manly boy of sixteen, clad in the 
 habiliments of war, and to describe with him the trite phrases " Nature's Noble- 
 man," and " King among men," would seem strangely inappropriate, and yet he 
 was all that those phrases imply, and much more, but in a different way. 
 
 His guileless heart, his unselfish disposition, were visible in his open, genial 
 countenance. 
 
 He did no wrong and wished no wrong to any man. To the faults and 
 frailties of his comrades he was quick and kindly in forgiving, and would even 
 search his memory for some circumstance of extenuation ; but he was inflexibly 
 honest in his associations with men, and exacted honesty in return. 
 
 Quick of comprehension, he soon learned a soldier's duties, which he per- 
 formed with the same fidelity that characterized Iiis work in later years in civil 
 life. Brave and steadfast, he questioned not the orders of his superiors, but went 
 where duty called him, whether on the arduous march, or into the fury of bat- 
 tle. Although his position on the color-guard was more perilous than it would 
 have been in the ranks of his company, he passed through the bloodiest battles of 
 the war unscathed, and it was only at Five Forks, the last fierce conflict, which 
 resulted in the collapse of the Confederacy, that he received a dangerous wound, 
 from which he fortunatelv recovered. 
 
718 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 HARRY M. CURRY. TREASURER 155TH. 1S87-1900. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 719 
 
 On the return of Harry M. Curry to the walks of civil life, he entered upon 
 his life's work with unabated zeal. His devotion to the work his hands found 
 to do never flagged. By successive steps he was called to more important fields 
 of labor. Self-seeking was repugnant to his nature, hence he never sought the 
 influence of friends to aid him in securing honors to which he was not entitled. 
 It was his recognized ability as being the right man for the place that led to his 
 being called to offices of great trust and responsibility. 
 
 Having" reached the high office of Treasurer of the great Carnegie Steel Com- 
 pany, and become possessed of an ample fortune, Harry M. Curry might have 
 abated his strenuous life, and entered upon a life of ease; but idleness when there 
 was work to be done afforded him no pleasure. He could not allow his life to 
 rust out, hence it can be well said that he died in the harness. 
 
 His active interest in the welfare of the Regimental Association was ex- 
 hibited by his cheerful service as Treasurer of the organization for thirteen years 
 previous to his death. He freely gave his time, advice and services amid all his 
 urgent business cares to the duties of the trcasurcrship, which his comrades had 
 annually tendered him. 
 
 The conduct of his life reflected credit ii|Min his nid regiment. The citizen 
 fulfilled the high promise of the soldier. His conn-ades followed him to the grave, 
 shrouding his coflin with the flag he had guarded so well, knowing that in his last 
 moments no memories were dearer to him than those of the camp and field. 
 
 The bugle rang out the clear call of " All lights out " as he had heard it many 
 a time ere he sank to slumber, and his comrades left him awaiting the reveille 
 in the Rest Eternal. 
 
 BREVET-MAJOR GEORGE M. LAUGHTJN. 
 
 The eve of Alciuorial Day, 1909, was selected by the Regimental Association 
 as the appropriate date to deliver to the surviving family of the late Major George 
 M. Eaughlin the Resolutions adopted by his comrades of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
 
 GEORGE McCULLY LAUGHLIN. 
 MiLiT.\RY Record. 
 
 I'rivate One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Infantry September 3, 
 18G3; First-Lieutenant September .5, 1862; Cai)tain February 3G, 18G4; hon- 
 orably mustered out June 3, 1865. 
 
 Brevetted Major U. S. Volunteers March 29, 18G5, " for gallant and meri- 
 torious conduct at the battle on the Quaker Road, \'a." 
 
 Born October 21, 1842, at Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Died December 11, 1908, at Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
720 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 The proceedings, as published in the Pittsburg Gazette-Times, in its 
 Memorial Day issue, are herewith reprinted. 
 
 " In Memory of Brevet-Major George 'M. Laughlin. 
 
 Tribute of a \'eterax Regiment. 
 
 Presentation of Memorial Aluum." 
 
 Among the foremost among the veterans of the Civil War in this community 
 
 MAJ. GEO. M. LAUGHLIN. 
 
 who passed away since Memorial Day, 1908, was Brevet-Major George M. 
 Laughlin, who died on the llth day of December last, at his residence in the 
 City of Pittsburg. 
 
 His death removes one of Pittsburg's best-known citizens and a soldier ad- 
 mired and loved by those with whom he served. 
 
 On \\'ednesda}- evening last the old comrades of the late Major who were 
 associated with him in that remarkable regiment of Pittsburg and Western 
 Pennsylvania volunteers, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, better known as Pear- 
 son's Zouaves, called at the home of his son, George ^L Laughlin, Jr,, and pre- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 731 
 
 sented to the members of the soldier's family an album, beautifully finished in 
 every detail, which contained the record of the Major's services in the Civil War 
 from the time he entered as a private until he received his honorable discharge 
 with the rank of Brevet-Major. 
 
 Antietam-Appomattox. 
 
 The story that the album tells is, in brief, the story of the doings of those 
 days from Antietam to Appomattox and portraits are shown of Major Laughlin 
 as a youth of nineteen, when he first put on the uniform of his country; as a 
 Major, when the time of stress was over, and as the honored citizen, as he ap- 
 peared shortly before his death. In the album, too, is a portrait of the soldier 
 who sounded " Taps " over the Major's grave. 
 
 Colonel E. J. Allen, the first commander of the Regiment, and who led 
 it in several campaigns, opened the presentation exercises b\- the delivery of an 
 eloquent tribute to the memory of Major Laughlin as a soldier and a citizen and 
 a Christian gentleman, closing by announcing that Judge Charles F. McKenna, 
 who had served for three years in Company E. commanded by Major Laughlin, 
 would make the presentation of the memorial resoltitions of the Regimental 
 Association, to George M. Laughlin, Jr., Thomas K. Laughlin, and Irwin B. 
 Laughlin, sons of the deceased. The response was made on behalf of the family 
 by George M. Laughlin, Jr. The album is one of embossed old English lettering, 
 the work of Professor \\\ W. McClelland, and illuminated with the corps mark 
 in colors. It is bound in morocco and reposes in a case of the same leather. 
 The outer cover bears the dead soldier's monogram and on the last pages are 
 the autograph signatures of all the signers of the resolutions which were adopted 
 by his comrades on the day of his death. 
 
 His Wealth FoRGOTTE^'. 
 
 The resolutions reviewed the career of the dead soldier and laid particular 
 emphasis on the fact that, forsaking prospects unusually brilliant, he enlisted as 
 a private and endured with his comrades all the rough experiences of the war 
 and earned his promotion by gallantrj' of the unusual kind. 
 
 The Resolutions, in part, follow, with the names of the signers : 
 
 " Through the fortune of war. Major Laughlin was destined to perform in 
 the campaign of General Grant most conspicuous service in both the opening and 
 closing of the series of battles that practically ended the rebellion. 
 
 " On the morning of May 5, ISfil, when the Fifth Corps, commanded by 
 General Warren, leading the advance of the Union army, penetrated the dense 
 jungles and forests known as the Wilderness, several companies of the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania, with several details from other regiments, 
 ■were ordered to serve on the advance skirmish line, Captain Laughlin was as- 
 signed to the important duty of commanding this advance. These skirmishers 
 were slowly pushing their way through the many obstructions in the dense woods, 
 
722 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 unable to see the Confederates concealed in thick foliage, up to which time 
 not a shot had been fired b}' either side. 
 
 At Wilderness Ordered First Shot. 
 
 " Captain Laughlin, hearing noises from unseen troops, ordered the men in 
 his command to fire in the direction of the noise, to check the advance of the 
 enemy. The skirmishers of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Regi- 
 ment promptly obeyed the order, and opened fire, to which the enemy responded, 
 and the battle then opened all along the line, and continued with great fury and 
 heavy losses on both sides during the whole day. The distinction of ordering 
 the first shot in the opening of the sanguinary battle of the Wilderness was thus 
 earned by Captain Laughlin. 
 
 "At Appomattox, April 9, 1865, the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsyl- 
 vania was in the advance of the Fifth Corps in pursuit of the retreating Con- 
 federate army, under General Longstreet and General Gordon. In the midst of 
 a severe fire from infantry and artillery at the final stand made by the enemy, a 
 mounted Confederate courier with a iiag of truce rode rapidly across the space 
 between the two armies, and reached that part of the skirmish line held by the 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania, and explaining his mission was con- 
 ducted to General Charles Griffin, commanding the Fifth Corps. 
 
 At Appomattox Delivered Orders to " Cease Firing." 
 
 " General Griffin directed ]\Iajor Laughlin, then serving on his stall, to ride 
 out to the advanced skimiish line, still under the enemy's fire, and order each regi- 
 ment engaged to ' cease firing." In discharging this extremely hazardous duty 
 Major Laughlin rode along the Union battle line under the continuous and severe 
 fire of the Confederates, and, returning, reported to General Griffin compliance 
 with his orders. The Confederates not ceasing the heavy fire, the General at 
 once ordered Major Laughlin to return to the advanced skirmish line and deliver 
 to each command orders to ' resume firing." These orders were delivered by the 
 Major, and firing was at once renewed by the LTnion skirmishers, and continued 
 until the firing along the Confederate line ceased. Major Laughlin was then 
 dispatched to the battle line with General Griffin"s final orders to all the regi- 
 ments to ' cease firing." No hostile shot was fired by either army after these last 
 commands. The peace at Appomattox was assured by these final orders delivered 
 by Major George M. Laughlin." 
 
 The Field and Stafl" Officers and two comrades from each company signed 
 the Resolutions. 
 
 The comrades who took part in the presentation, in addition to those named, 
 were Colonel S. W. Hill, President Regimental Association ; R. P. Douglass, 
 John H. Kerr, Charles A. Walters, D. E. Lyon, Thomas E. Morgan, John T. 
 Porter, Colonel John Ewing, and Captain A. H. Heisey, all of whom made appro- 
 priate addresses. Messrs. Morgan, Douglass and McKenna were the only 
 survivors of Major Laughlin's Company present. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 733 
 
 COLONEL JOHN H. CAIN. 
 
 Minute Adopted by Regiment.al Association of the One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Pennsylvanla Volunteers, Pittsburg, September 3, 1903. 
 
 The surviving members of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers, have learned with feelings of unfeigned sorrow of the sud- 
 den death of our late comrade, Colonel John H. Cain, who yielded up his gallant 
 spirit at his home in Franklin, Pa., on Wednesday morning, April 29, 1903, and 
 is now enrolled in the battalion of our immortal dead in the Shining Camps above. 
 
 On April 2.5, 1861, as a private in Company K, Twelfth Pennsylvania Vol- 
 unteers, three-months' service. Comrade Cain entered the Union army in the 
 Civil War. He recruited and was chosen Captain of Company C, One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, on the 22d of August, 1863, 
 and in the regimental organization on September 3, 1862, was elected and mus- 
 tered in as Major. He took part with the Regiment in its first battle at Antie- 
 tam, displayed conspicuous valor in Humphreys 'charge at Fredericksburg, and 
 on December 31, 1862, was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He was 
 in command of the Regiment in the battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, 
 accjuitting himself with rare gallantry and skill. At Gettysburg, he formed his 
 line of battle on the very crest of Little Round Top, and on July 3, 1863, he 
 held this eminence against the repeated charges of the enemy under Long- 
 street and Hood. Towards the close of the day, he sent out a skirmish line, 
 clearing his front and driving the rebel sharpshooters from Devil's Den. The 
 steady courage and soldierly qualities exhibited by Colonel Cain in this battle 
 won the respect and admiration of his men and the commendation of his superior 
 officers. On July 22, 1863, he was promoted to the rank of Colonel of the 
 Regiment. 
 
 After retiring from the army, Colonel Cain removed to Franklin, Pa., where 
 he became extensively engaged in the production and refining of oil, and his 
 active interest in all public matters made him a leading citizen of the place. 
 
 By his considerate treatment of the men in the ranks he won rather than 
 compelled their obedience, and his kindness of heart tempered the harshness of 
 discipline. 
 
 " Heroic spirit, take your rest, 
 
 You are richer, we are poorer. 
 
 But because you have been with us. 
 
 Life is manlier, heaven surer." 
 
72-i UNDER THE .MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 BREA'ET i\L\JOR-GENERAL A. L. PEARSON. 
 
 REGIirENTAL TRIBUTE, ADOPTED JaXU.\RV 9, 1903. 
 
 Death has once more invaded our ranks, this time taking from us our brave 
 and beloved commander, General Alfred L. Pearson, who, after a long and 
 heroic battle against disease, has at last yielded up his gallant spirit, and his name 
 is now added to the lengthening roll of our dead. 
 
 General Pearson was born in the year 1837, in the city of Pittsburg, where 
 his parents, pioneer English settlers of the city, had located, early in the last 
 century. After passing through the public .schools of his native city, he prepared 
 for a collegiate course at the well-known Allegheny College, at Meadville, grad- 
 uating in the year 1860, a few months before the Civil War broke out, and en- 
 tered upon the studv of the law with the late E. P. Jones, Esq.. of the Pittsburg 
 bar. His legal studies, however, were soon interrupted by the fall of Sumter, 
 and a year later he entered the Union army as Captain of Company A, One Hun- 
 dred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and participated in all 
 the battles fought by the Fifth Corps of the Army of the Potomac, from Antie- 
 tam to the surrender at Appomattox, some twenty-eight in all, including many 
 of the most sanguinary engagements of the war. He was promoted successively 
 to Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Colonel of the Regiment, then breveted Briga- 
 dier-General and Brevet jMajor-General for gallant and meritorious service in the 
 field. 
 
 At the Quaker Road, on ]\Iarch "29, 186.3, he led his Brigade with conspicuous 
 valor. Taking the colors of his old Regiment, he called upon the men to follow 
 him, and soon the fiag was waving inside the Rebel lines, and the enemy was in 
 full retreat. For brave and meritorious services in this battle. General Pear- 
 son was breveted iMajor-General. and the Secretan,- of AA'ar awarded him a 
 Medal of Honor. 
 
 At Appomattox, on the 9th of April, 1865, he had command of the Brigade 
 skirmish line, and was advancing to attack General Gordon's Corps, when the 
 white flag of truce was displayed, and Generals Gordon and Wilcox, of the Con- 
 federate army, came into our lines and arranged for a suspension of hostilities 
 until General Lee could meet General Grant and settle the terms of final surrender. 
 
 In the Grand Review in ]\Iay, 1865, of the Union armies in Washington, 
 marking the close of the war, General Pearson was conspicuous in command of 
 his regiment of zouave bronzed veterans, who marched by platoons the length of 
 Pennsylvania avenue. 
 
 On return to civil life, he was elected District Attorney of Allegheny county, 
 and discharged the duties of the office with honor and ability. 
 
 General Pearson, the last ten or fifteen years before his death, by Presidential 
 appointment, served on the Board of Managers of National military homes for 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 735 
 
 disabled Union veterans. He was unremitting in the active duties of this posi- 
 tion, visiting and inspecting the various mihtary homes throughout the United 
 States, up to the time of his decease. 
 
 The National Board of jManagers passed resolutions expressing high appre- 
 ciation of General Pearson's services to the cause of Union veterans. 
 
 General Pearson was of fine presence, soldierly in bearing, manly in his 
 nature, genial and kindly in disposition; and his rare wit and "infinite jest" 
 made him the soul of ever\- reunion and every public entertainment. 
 
 ■' His humor, as gay as the fire-fly's light. 
 
 Played round every subject, and shone as it played, 
 His wit, in the combat as gentle as bright. 
 Ne'er carried a heart-stain away on its blade." 
 
 CAPTAIN SAMUEL A. McKEE. 
 By Sergeant John H. Kerr, of Comtanv L 
 
 Captain Samuel A. ]\IcKee was one of the best officers in the Regiment. 
 He was born in the city of Pittsburg, Pa., in 1822, and early manifested a natural 
 taste for military life. He served as a soldier in the Mexican War, and for 
 many years before the beginning of the Civil War he commanded a military 
 company in his native cit)' known as the Jackson Independent Blues, which, under 
 his careful training, became noted for proficiency in drill with the above-men- 
 tioned compan}^ He entered the LInion army in the Civil War as Captain of 
 Companj' A, Twelfth Pennsylvania, on April 15, 1861, for three months, and 
 again on July 22, 1861, as First-Lieutenant of Company B, Sixty-second Regi- 
 ment Pennsylvania Volunteers, commanded by Colonel Samuel W. Black, with 
 whom he had served in Mexico, and fought in all the battles in which this 
 Regiment was engaged in McClellan's campaign on the Peninsula. He was al- 
 ready a veteran in service and experience in August, 1862, when he became the 
 first Captain of Company I, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteers, whereas most of the other officers of the Regiment were just 
 then taking their first lessons in the art of war. 
 
 In person he was tall and erect, soldierly in bearing and with the voice of 
 command. In temperament he was calm and deliberate, never losing his self- 
 control whether in camp, on the march, or in the tumult and confusion of battle. 
 He was a strict disciplinarian, but exercised his authority with such impartiality 
 and fairness that he always retained the respect and even the love of his men. 
 He was modest and unassuming, cared little for the punctilious observance of 
 deference to his rank, but was firm and inflexible in having his orders obeyed 
 and executed. Though somewhat taciturn, he was ever kind and considerate to the 
 members of his company and never claimed social superiority over them. Under 
 
726 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 all circumstances and at all times he was the ideal soldier, and no braver man 
 ever drew a sword or led his men amid the fire and flame of battle. 
 
 His habits were exemplary, his life pure, and his character as citizen, patriot 
 and soldier without a stain. His record in the two wars is bright with imper- 
 ishable deeds, and his name is worthy to be written on the Nation's Roll of 
 Honor. In all his service for his country he never faltered in the discharge of 
 duty, and in the many battles in which he fought his constant valor and heroic 
 example inspired his soldiers to stand firm in the crisis of disaster, or to press 
 forward in the hour of victory. 
 
 And when at last he led his command in that terrific charge against the 
 works of the enemy at Petersburg on the 18th of June, 186-i, he fell as a brave 
 Captain would wish to fall, at the head of his men, leading them through the 
 storm of leaden hail, forward to meet the foe. 
 
 There remains to the soldier dying on the field, from where his comrades 
 swept forward to victory, or were hurled back in defeat, the undaunted courage 
 that carried him forward with the colors of his command ; and when it comes 
 to the end this courage abides with him. He has lived in simple ways. The 
 soldier's life is not complex, the [irimitive virtues have come to the surface, 
 and his existence has been a lucid one. He has known his companions, and 
 they him, as no other condition of life would permit. Courage, Endurance, Faith, 
 Unselfishness, and trust in his comrades have been fully developed, and they 
 are with him in death. And at the last, when he is face to face with the in- 
 evitable, these qualities are his comfort and consolation ; and until his senses 
 swim, and he is carried out upon the ebbing tide of his own blood, they comfort 
 him. There would be some last conscious moments when earth has faded into 
 a mirage, and he is alone with these thoughts and the Almighty. The honest 
 struggle for the life when God gave it to his keeping is over, and he accepts death 
 as he had accepted life — without fear and with a manly heart. Those that in 
 their close comradeship know of his valiant virtues, know how Captain McKee 
 lived, and know he so died, with no one near, and yet not alone. W'hen under 
 cover of the darkness, they brought his body from under the guns of the enemy, 
 and in the silence of the night gave him a soldier's burial upon the field where 
 he fell, they recognized his virtues as an officer and paid the last tribute to a 
 valiant and true man. 
 
 " Right in the van. 
 On the red ramparts' slippery swell, 
 With heart that beat a charge, fell 
 Foe-ward as befits a man." 
 
 CAPTAIN GEORGE PRESSLY McCLELLAND. 
 
 By His Pastor. 
 
 Born, Pittsburg, Pa., Nov. 11, 1842. Died, Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 27. 1898. 
 George Pressly McClelland went into the Civil War as a private and 
 came out as a field officer. Step by step, he won his way by sheer merit and con- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 737 
 
 spicuous gallantry. In line at the deadly struggle at Antietam, he won the chev- 
 rons of a Sergeant, and added the diamonds at Fredericksburg. At Gettysburg, 
 hard by the graves of his Colonial ancestry, he rose to wear the bars, and in the 
 Wilderness he proved worthy to command a company. He was wounded in the 
 foot at North Amia, and while he was leading his regiment at Five Forks, the 
 day before Richmond fell, his leg was crushed to splinters. 
 
 When the war was over, he gave himself to the arts of peace. As a business 
 man he was good to his employes, and he wrought faithfully at his desk while 
 his strength lasted. Now, as this token tells, " the ledger is closed." Of schol- 
 arly tastes, he improved his enforced leisure to develop the charm of culture and 
 the choice accomplishments of travel abroad. He was a generous patron of the 
 Academy of Sciences, and delighted in the achievements of those who turn 
 the rocky leaves and read God's older testament to man. 
 
 Men and brothers, this career commends to us this day the worth of a noble 
 friendship. A full-orbed man must cherish the affectionate side of his nature. 
 
 Some are embittered by suftering, but he was refined and chastened until 
 his face was illumined as by a light shining through an alabaster vase. 
 
 The favorite hymn, which he often sang with his most intimate friends, was 
 this one we have just heard, beginning, " How Gentle God's Commands." He 
 planned for watching out the old year, as was his wont, but the Christmas feast 
 was his last below. He did not feel fit to come to our communion table, but the 
 spirit of that sacramental meal at Emmaus, which adorns his walls, presided at 
 his table. That good cheer made it, as he said, one of the most happy and 
 heavenly days of his life. 
 
 Together with his beloved companion, who for many years cherished this 
 flickering flame of life with tender devotion that no rude wind might blow it out, 
 he read and discussed each day a page from this well-worn book. From it we 
 take these words of comfort which, had he been able, they would have nsed on 
 the day of his death. They could not have been more fittingly chosen for us 
 who crave the consolation of God's grace : 
 
 " We look not at the things which are seen : for the things which are seen are 
 temporal ; but the things which are not seen are eternal." 
 
 The sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the 
 glory which shall be revealed in us. Our light affliction worketh for us a far 
 more exceeding and eternal weight of glory. 
 
 J. B. B. 
 
 CORPORAL HORATIO S. HARNISH, COMPANY H. 
 A Comrade's Tribute, by Wm. D. Hartman, Company H. 
 
 The writer submits a few lines in reference to Horatio S. Harnish, who, 
 with the writer, in response to the President's call for volunteers, enlisted in 
 
738 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Company H, C)iie Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment 
 Pennsylvania \olunteers. Comrade Harnish and the 
 writer soon became very intimate. We messed to- 
 gether, marched together, and went into onr first bat- 
 tle side by side at Fredericksburg. In the charge on 
 Marye's Heights, the writer saw Comrade Harnish 
 stagger and reel as he received a severe wound in 
 his left cheek by a ball from behind that stonewall. 
 His comrades saw no more of him until the 8th of 
 April, 1863, when he returned to duty with the 
 Company. It was the da\- that our Regiment and 
 Brigade was reviewed by President Lincoln. He was 
 again in action with his Company at the battle of 
 Chancellorsville on May 3d and 3d ; thence on the 
 long and hard marches to our own State, to Gettysburg. On July 2d, in 
 company with the rest of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, on Little Round 
 Top, he bravely did his duty in that terrible encounter. On the never-to-be- 
 forgotten 5th of May, ]8ivi, in the Wilderness, we saw him for the last time 
 as he went with the Regiment into that awful battle. He faltered not, but, alas ! 
 went down with many other gallant and true soldiers before the enemy's storm 
 of lead and hail. Horatio S. Harnish has long since been numbered with the 
 " silent dead." He has answered his last roll call, but the memorv of his gallant 
 deeds and true worth still lives. After the battle it was the writer's lot to 
 apprise his sister of the fact that her brother had been killed, to which she re- 
 plied in the following letter : 
 
 CORP. HORATIO S. HARNISH. 
 
 Rimersburg, Pa.. .May .HO. 1864. 
 
 Mr. W. D. Hartman, 
 
 Care Company H, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers. 
 
 Dear Friend: Your letter came to hand bearing the very sad intelligence that 
 my dear brother has fallen upon the battlefield, a sacrifice upon the altar of his 
 country, which I believe, next to his God, was nearer his heart than anything 
 on earth. 
 
 Thanking you for your kindness in writing, I am ever your friend, 
 
 Mrs. Maggie J. Nail. 
 
 Although more than forty years have elapsed, yet the writer feels as though 
 he owed this tribute to his brave, true friend and comrade in arms for the 
 Union. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 729 
 
 SGT. HARRY R, CAMPBELL. 
 
730 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 SERGEANT HENRY REAMS CAMPBELL, OF COMPANY B. 
 By Richard B. Davis, Company B. 
 
 Sergeant Henry Reams Campbell, of Company B, One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, was born in Allegheny City, now 
 North Side, Pittsburg, June 13, 1839, and was educated in private schools and 
 by tutors. He was mustered into United States service August 23, 1862, and was 
 with his Regiment in its journey from Pittsburg to Harrisburg; thence to Wash- 
 ington, D. C, and its first encampment at Camp Chase, Va. Sergeant Campbell's 
 first long march was with his Regiment when, by forced marches, it moved from 
 Camp Chase, Va., to Antietam, Md., and subsequently, after the lapse of several 
 weeks, to Falmouth, Va. Valiantly performing all his duties, he passed unharmed 
 through all the terrible battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettys- 
 burg, Mine Run, and many other engagements, only to be captured and made a 
 prisoner of war, while gallantly doing his duty with his Regiment on the firing 
 line in the first day's fighting, in the great battle of the Wilderness, May 5, 1S64. 
 
 Whilst rallying against the furious attacks of the enemy in the thick woods^ 
 after the largest part of the Regiment had fallen back. Sergeant Campbell, to- 
 gether with Privates Jchn Hunter and Jacob Friend, of Company E, and Harnett 
 E. Meeker, of Compan}- H, who were wounded, and others of the Regiment was 
 captured, and taken to Andersonville, Ga. 
 
 After enduring the horrors and sufifering of those confined in that terrible 
 prison pen for eleven months, during which Private Meeker died July 17, 1864, 
 of wounds and starvation. Sergeant Campbell was, with thousands of other phys- 
 ical wrecks of Union prisoners, exchanged and brought by boat from Savannah 
 to Annapolis, Md., March 10, 1865. His condition was so pitiable, being so 
 reduced and wasted away with scurvy and want of nutrition, that he survived 
 his exchange and arrival at Annapolis less than ten days, dying March 18, 1865, 
 at the United States Naval Hospital. 
 
 In connection with Sergeant Campbell's death a particularly sad incident 
 occurred. His relatives, all in opulent circumstances and much attached to 
 " Harrj'," as he was called, resided in the city of Allegheny, where the family 
 were pioneer settlers. They had received no information from any source con- 
 cerning Harry's intended exchange, or they would have been among the first to 
 greet him on his landing at Annapolis. To a fellow Union prisoner, who had 
 been exchanged with him, and whose journey to his home in Milwaukee, Wis., 
 where his parents resided, would take him through Pittsburg, Harry intrusted a 
 letter to be mailed in the latter city to his relatives in Allegheny City. This 
 comrade, through his own physical weakness and bad condition, neglected to de- 
 liver the letter on passing through Pittsburg, but carried it with him to Mil- 
 waukee, from which, a few davs after his arrival home, he mailed the letter to 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 731 
 
 Harry's relatives in Allegheny City. The delay of nearly a week in the delivery 
 of this letter was most regretable. Harry's brother, Nelson K. Campbell, of 
 Sickles' Excelsior Brigade, happened to be at home on a furlough for wounds 
 received in battle, when the delayed letter was received, and at once, with other 
 relatives, departed for Annapolis. They were, however, met, on their arrival 
 there, with the distressing information that Harry had been buried just two days 
 before in the cemetery attached to the United States Xaval Hospital. His body 
 was brought home, and interred in the family lot in Uniondale Cemetery, Alle- 
 gheny City. 
 
 Harry Campbell, having been Regimental Orderly, a good singer and 
 musician and subsequently connected with the Ambiilance Corps, became well 
 known in the Regiment. His genial disposition, handsome appearance, and oblig- 
 ing manner made him most popular ; his capture, sufferings and death were most 
 sincerely deplored by all of his comrades and friends. 
 
 H 
 
 REVEREND JOSEPH MATEER, D. D., CHAPLAIN. 
 By Colonel John Ewing. 
 
 Reverend Joseph M.^teer, D. D., a member of the Presbytery of Clarion, 
 died in New Bethlehem, Pa., October 1, 1S83, in the sixtieth year of his age. 
 He was, for twenty-nine years, pastor of churches at Licking, Sligo, and New 
 Bethlehem, Clarion county. 
 
 Pie was born near Belfast, Ireland, in 1823, and in his fifteenth year he en- 
 tered college in Belfast. After his graduation in 1842, he taught until May, 1851, 
 when he came to the United States, and entered the Seminary at Princeton, N. J., 
 and later came to the Seminary at Allegheny, graduating in April, 1854. 
 
 He was united in marriage with Mrs. E. J. Russell, daughter of the late 
 Honorable Benjamin Junkin. 
 
 While he loved the old land of his nativity, still he was ever loyal and true 
 to the land of his adoption. During the fearful Civil War, which threatened the 
 life of our Republic, he was intensely patriotic, and did much, not only at home, 
 but also as Chaplain of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers, to cheer and nerve and minister to those who fought for the old 
 
 flag. 
 
 Not only the churches of his care and love, and a bereaved community, but 
 also many to whom he had ministered in former years, gathered at his funeral 
 in the church of Bethlehem. 
 
732 
 
 UNDER THE AIALTESE CROSS. 
 CORPORAL GEORGE BRADLEY, COMPANY F. 
 
 CORP. GEORGE BRADLEY. 
 
 George Bradley was born in Pittsburg, March 6, 1842. He was the son 
 of Charles Bradley, who died in 1848, and the nephew of the late Alexander 
 Bradley, a pioneer stove manufacturer of Pittsburg. 
 
 George Bradley enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regi- 
 ment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Captain John Markle, on August 12, 1862. He 
 was promoted to the rank of Corporal, and was discharged from the service of 
 
 the United States, February 16, 1863, by reason of a 
 bullet wound in the left thigh, received in the charge 
 of Humphreys' Division on Marye's Heights, Fred- 
 ericksburg, December 13, 1862, rendering him unfit 
 for further military service. Seregant Samuel Wal- 
 ker, of Company F, who died in Butler, Pa.. July 
 t, ISDG, carried Corporal Bradley off the battlefield. 
 This event hallowed the name of Sergeant Walker 
 ever after in George Bradley's memory. A shell 
 from the enemy's battery penetrated the deserted 
 residence to which Corporal Bradley had been re- 
 moved from the battlefield for shelter and treatment. 
 On a bitter cold night the wounded were trans- 
 ported on rough freight cars from Fredericksburg to 
 Acquia Creek Landing, a distance of twenty miles ; 
 thence to Washington City by transports. One of the wounded men, tossing in 
 pain, happened to discover a hidden box by throwing his arm across it in the 
 dark. The contents of this mysterious box wa« the only thing, the wounded 
 declared, that kept them alive through the dreadful ordeal of that night. George 
 Bradley, suft'ering for his country's sake, put in that dreadful night. 
 
 The following extracts are from a tribute to the memory of George Bradley 
 by Doctor W. Stockton Wilson, Asst. Surgeon of the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiment Pennslyvania Volunteers : 
 
 " There was a great deal of sameness in camp life. The daily round of the 
 reveille, sick-call, guard-mount, parade, and retreat was much like ordinary labor ; 
 while the fatigue of the march, and the carnage and horrors of battle were stren- 
 uous enough to fix themselves firmly in the memory of those who were there." 
 
 " I can hear again the rattle of the drum and the scream of the fife of our 
 practiced drum corps, as it marched down the line on dress-parade. I listen 
 again to the soft cadence of the bugle, as the sounds filled the air, under the 
 masterly touch of our Regimental Bugler, George Smith. 
 
 " I see the old Regiment at Fredericksburg as it hurried down the ravine 
 and marched along the river bank to the crossing, and slowly crept over the pon- 
 toon bridge under the heavy artillery fire. I see the hurried march through the 
 streets of the town to the heights beyond. I hear again the sharp rattle of mus- 
 ketry and the crashing of shot and shell as the brave boys are receiving their 
 ' baptism of blood,' while many go down in their first and last fight." 
 
 Corporal George Bradley was there and in that baptism of blood fell 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 733 
 
 wounded, terribly. His services with the gallant Regiment were over. He would 
 gladly have remained with his comrade for other battles and other dangers, but 
 it was the fortune of war that he should there fall. He died on November 17, 
 1902. and was buried in the family lot in Allegheny Cemetery on November 30, 
 1902. 
 
 SERGEANT THOMAS J. i\IARLIN. 
 Bv Rev. J. A. Thompson, President, Tarkio College, Missouri. 
 
 Born at Marlin's Mills, Pa., November .5, 1843, educated at Glade Run 
 Academy, Dayton, Pa., enlisted a private in Company K, One Hundred and 
 Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, on August 7, 1863, the Color-Sergeant of 
 his regiment for two years, a participant in twenty-three engagements of the 
 Civil ^^'ar. including Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and the Wil- 
 derness, wounded at the battle of Five Forks, mustered out in 186.5. He grad- 
 uated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1873, practising his pro- 
 fession at Shelocta, Indiana county. Pa., until 1889, and from that time until his 
 death, on Saturday, February 18, 190.5, at Tarkio, Mo. Such is the record of the 
 public life of Thomas J. Marlin, M. D. 
 
 The family life began with his marriage to Miss Elizabeth Hutchinson, of 
 Pittsburg, Pa., on September 6, 1863. on the eve of his departure to the front. 
 Five children were born to this husband and wife. The youngest, Ivan H., a 
 bright, promising lad, died four years ago. Allen P., the commercial editor of 
 the "St. Joseph News and Press"; Reverend Harry H., pastor of the Fourth 
 United Presbyterian church, of Pittsburg, Pa. ; Miss Jessie, a teacher in the 
 Tarkio public schools, and Miss Grace, professor of elocution and oratory in 
 Tarkio College, mourn with their mother. 
 
 Doctor IMarlin was a public-spirited man. He had high ideals of citizenship. 
 His enlistment in young manhood for the service of his country was characteristic 
 of the man. His family cherish as a precious memento a letter such as is rarely 
 written bv a Major-General to a Color-Sergeant. This letter is dated June 8, 
 1865, and is signed by Brevet Major-General A. L. Pearson, his old Colonel, well 
 known to every Pittsbm-ger. It contains this sentence : " When I gave the ' old 
 flag ' into your hands, I felt that it was in the keeping of a man who would never 
 let a stain come upon its pure surface. Your subsequent conduct proved that I 
 was right." 
 
 Doctor Marlin was a man of fine literary tastes and abilities. His practice 
 did not permit him to indulge these so largely as he would have liked to do. 
 
 Many years after the close of the war. whilst Doctor Marlin was practising 
 medicine in Tarkio, Mo., his thoughts reverting to Civil War scenes, he wrote the 
 following beautiful lines, dedicating them to a comrade in Pittsburg: 
 
734 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 THE CHARGE OF PICKETT'S MEn! 
 
 Thrust in between that day and this, 
 The years their course have run, 
 
 And lofty deeds each other kiss 
 Each day beneath the sun; 
 
 And North and South, at cannon's mouth. 
 Their Icnightly spurs have won. 
 
 The guns long since their clamor stilled. 
 And foes their flags have furled; 
 
 The glory of their deeds have filled 
 And girdled all the world; 
 
 Nor trampled grain nor crimson stain 
 
 October 19. 1903. 
 
 COLOR-SERGEANT THOMAS WISEMAN. 
 Bv Alexander Dempster. 
 
 Sergeant Thomas Wiseman was born in Wilkins township, Allegheny county, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1834. An only child, he was left to the care of two maiden 
 aunts, who adopted him as their own, and shed the sunshine of maternal love 
 around his infant years, and mantled his boyhood days with warm and generous 
 afifection as they taught him the principles of manliness and virtue. 
 
 It is said that as a school boy he early developed a military spirit, and would 
 train his fellows in martial array under the impulse of the swelling of the heart, 
 that is the ebulition of young American enthusiasm. As he grew to manhood 
 his military tastes developed, and he joined the " Turtle Creek Guards," a military 
 company ; and was the " Captain of the Band " before the outbreak of the war. 
 
 The company, as an organization, could not secure satisfactory attachment to 
 a regiment at the beginning of the war, and disbanded, leaving the individual 
 members free, to follow their inclinations, and make indvidual choice of company 
 and regimental organizations. 
 
 Thomas \\'iseman with four friends, Marion Hartley, Joseph Bowers, 
 
 When gods their tempest hurled. f 
 
 But, }'et, remains to me that day. 
 
 Imperial, 'neath the sky, ' 
 
 When Pickett led his men in gray 
 
 To set their flag on high, — 
 Men turn to dust, as aye they must, 
 
 But deeds can never die. i 
 
 Three hundred guns made wide their path 
 
 ("To glory (?) and the grave,") 
 Half veiled within their smoke and wrath. ; 
 
 I see the banners wave, ; 
 
 As if through mist the sun had kissed 
 
 Brave men and blessing gave. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 735 
 
 AVilkins and Wm. B. Liiihart, enlisted in Company C, of the One Hnndred 
 and Fifty-fifth Regiment of Pennsylvania Voulnteers, and was made a Sergeant 
 of that Company when it was mustered into the United States service, August 
 23, 18G3. He was selected Color-Sergeant of the Regiment, and as such, the 
 guardian and custodian of the colors, and so made responsible for the " Honor 
 of the Flag," to which all eyes were turned " when the front of battle lowered," 
 
 He fell fatally wounded on the awful field of Marye's Heights, Fredericks- 
 burg, and its shattered stafl:' fell from his nerveless grasp, to be caught up by the 
 hands of Color-Guard Lawson, equally brave and noble, and borne through all 
 the subsequent battles in which the Regiment was engaged. It proudly waved in 
 tattered shreds as the ensign of honor when the " boys returned from the war," 
 and has its place in the Hall of Flags of the State of Pennsylvania, the sight of 
 which ever evokes the sigh of patriotic devotion. 
 
 To a ministering friend who found Thomas Wiseman in the Fifth Corps 
 Hospital on the day after the battle, he seemed calm and collected, and although 
 horribly wounded, his tongue having been shot away, he faced his end, as a truly 
 brave man does, and bade a wordless farewell to his comrades and friends, as he 
 was removed to a Washington City Hospital, where he died on the 9th of De- 
 ■cember, 1862. 
 
 A hero of the noblest type, 
 
 A soldier brave ; a comrade true ; 
 
 Exponent of the noble hearts 
 
 That throbbed with courage through and through. 
 
 MINUTE ON DEATH OF BREVET-MAJOR SAMUEL KILGORE, 
 
 MAY 13, 1907. 
 
 The surviving members of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers have learned with feelings of unfeigned sorrow of the 
 ■death of our late comrade, Brevet-Major Samuel Kilgore, who answered the last 
 roll-call on Sunday, May 12, 1907, at the residence of his daughter in this city. 
 We desire to place on record our high estimate of his worth, as a patriot who 
 loved his country and risked his life in her defence. 
 
 Major Kilgore entered the service in the Civil War as First-Lieutenant of 
 Company D, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 August 22, 1862, and was promoted to Captain of the Company, December 15, 
 1862, and Brevet-Major for gallant action on the field at the battle of Peebles' 
 Farm, Va., September 30, 1861, where he was severely wounded by which reason 
 he was forced to accept his honorable discharge on March 10, 1865. 
 
 Throughout his entire career in the Union army he was recognized as a 
 dashing and fearless soldier and an officer of exceptional ability. From the 
 first he showed an aptitude for military command. He was noted as a most pro- 
 ficient drill-master, and under his skillful training his company became one of 
 
736 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 the best in the regiment. Among the many battles in which he participated were 
 Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancehorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsyl- 
 vania, North Anna, Totopotomy, Bethesda Church. Cold Harbor and Petersburg. 
 On his return from the war his interest in military affairs still continued, 
 and for several years he was Colonel of the Fourteenth Regiment of the National 
 Guard of Pennsylvania. His career in civil life became almost as notable as his 
 service in the army. His genial disposition and popular manners at once won 
 public favor, and he held many offices of importance and responsibility. He 
 was superintendent of the City Markets of Pittsburg. He held the office of 
 Treasurer of Allegheny county for two terms: that of the City Treasurer of 
 Pittsburg for one term. At the time of his death, he still filled a position of 
 responsibility in the Department of Public Safety of Pittsburg. He ended his 
 career as a soldier and citizen, leaving a record alike honorable and distinguished. 
 
 PRR'ATE JAMES P. O'NEILL, COMPANY E, ONE HUNDRED AND 
 FIFTY-FIFTH PENNSYLVANIA A'OLUNTEERS. 
 
 Comrade James P. O'Neill, the well-known city journalist and newspaper 
 correspondent, was born in Philadelphia, February "?■?, 1844, and died February 
 5, 190L He was educated at the Cathedral parochial schools and at St. Michael's 
 Seminary, Pittsburg, Pa. He had been selected, because of his precocious talents, 
 by the late Bishop O'Connor to complete his education at the American College 
 at Rome, but he, like thousands of others with Irish blood in their veins, when 
 the Civil War broke out, sprang to arms in defense of the flag whose folds had 
 given their fathers a shelter from British oppression. 
 
 He enlisted, when but a mere lad of seventeen years, in the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania \'olunteers, and was successively engaged at An- 
 tietam, September 17 ; and at Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, and at Chan- 
 cellorsville, May 1, 3, and 3, 1863. He also participated in the forced marches 
 through \'irginia and Maryland, and at the storming of Little Round Top on 
 July 8, 1863, ending in the glorious victory at Gettysburg. He also took part in 
 the Mine Run expedition, and dtiring the winter of 1863 and 1864 was engaged 
 with his regiment in guarding the railroad between Centerville and Falmouth, 
 Va., which at that time was the main artery between \\'ashington and Richmond. 
 At the three-days' fight in the Wilderness, 1864, he was wounded in the groin, 
 and incapacitated from further service in the field. He was transferred to the 
 Veteran Reserve Corps, from which he was discharged June 29, 186-5, at the close 
 of the war, afterwards returning to Pittsburg. He became later a medical stu- 
 dent at the Kentucky State College, located at Louisville. 
 
 Comrade O'Neill's experience through civil life became a varied one. First 
 he became a teacher in the Cathedral High School in Pittsburg, and the follow- 
 ing year a brakeman on the Pennsylvania Railroad. Next he became a telegraph 
 editor and proofreader on the Pittsburg Post, and afterwards a reporter on 
 most of the other Pittsburg dailies, in the latter capacity gaining a name for 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 737 
 
 himself and enduring fame, which still clings to his memory. He was married 
 in Pittsburg in 1870, and in 1893, after twenty-three years of married life, be- 
 came a widower. Comrade O'Neill was the father of three children, two of 
 whom survive to mourn the loss of a loving father and friend. His sons, James 
 T. and Charles F. O'Neill, reside in Pittsburg. 
 
 Comrade O'Neill was a member of Post 3, G. A. R., and also of the U. V. L. 
 of Pittsburg, and both of these organizations took appropriate action on his 
 death. He was a member of the Regimental Association of the One Hundred 
 and Fifty-tifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, being the first Secretary of the Asso- 
 ciation at its organization in 1876. 
 
 His illness was of short duration. He was buried with Regimental escort 
 in St. Mary's Cemetery in Pittsburg. Peace to his ashes. 
 
 COLONEL PETER H. ALLABACH, ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY- 
 FIRST PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Colonel Peter Hollingshead Allabach was born in Wilkes-Barre, 
 Luzerne county. Pa., September 9, 18"34. He was educated in the Wilkes-Barre 
 Academy. On the 25th of November, 1844,, he enlisted for five years' service in 
 the Regular army, and was assigned for duty in Company E, Third United States 
 Infantry. His regiment was ordered to ]\Iexico and he participated in every 
 battle during the war with Mexico, with but one exception — Buena Msta. For 
 bravery and meritorious conduct, he was promoted to Sergeant after his first 
 six months of service. He was honorably discharged November "2.3, 1849. 
 
 On the 6th of ]\Iay, 18.5'3, he was commissioned by Governor Bigler, of 
 Pennsylvania. Brigade-General of the Uniformed Militia of Luzerne county. 
 
 August 16, 1863, he was commissioned by Governor Curtin, of Peimsylvania, 
 Colonel of the One Hundred and Thirty-first Regiment of Pennsylvania \'olun- 
 teers. On his reporting with this regiment to General A. A. Humphreys, he was 
 assigned to the command of the Second Brigade, Third Division, Fifth Corps, 
 Army of the Potomac. He led his brigade, consisting of the One Hundred and 
 Thirty-first, One Hundred and Thirty-third, One Hundred and Twenty-third and 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiments in the memorable charge on ^Nlarye's 
 Heights, at the battle of Fredericksburg, and his tact and bravery on this occa- 
 sion won the personal commendation of General Humphreys on the battlefield, 
 and he was especially mentioned in the official report of his commanding General. 
 
 In the month of April, 1876, he was selected by Governor Hartranft, and 
 appointed Captain of Company E, Centennial Guards, which position he held 
 during the progress of the International Exposition in Philadelphia. 
 
 In July, 1878, he was appointed Captain of the United States Capitol Police, 
 which position he filled up to the time of his death, February 11, 1893. 
 
 He was a man of commanding presence and soldierly bearing; a strict disci- 
 plinarian : a loyal patriot to his flag and country : one whose record is without 
 
738 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 blemish. He left a legacy more priceless than gold — that of an honest name and a 
 brave soldier. 
 
 COLONEL PATRICK H. O'RORKE. 
 
 Bv Captain Porter Farley, One Hundred and Fortieth New York 
 Volunteers, Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Colonel Patrick H. O'Rorke was born in Ireland March 25, 1837, and 
 was brought to America by his parents before he was a year old. The family 
 lived for about a year in ^Montreal ; then removed to Rochester, N. Y., which re- 
 mained the home of Colonel O'Rorke's parents as long as they lived. He at- 
 tended No. 9 Public School, and upon his graduation from that school, when 
 fifteen years of age, on a competitive examination for a free scholarship which the 
 University of Rochester gives graduates of the public schools, O'Rorke passed 
 highest in the examination, but he did not accept the scholarship. 
 
 Upon leaving school, O'Rorke entered upon an apprenticeship to learn the 
 trade of marble cutter. He continued in that occupation until the spring of 1857, 
 when he received an appointment as cadet in the military academy at West 
 Point. He there took a high stand from the very beginning, and maintained it 
 throughout the course, graduating No. 1 with the highest honors, and was by 
 virtue of that rank commissioned in the Corps of Topographical Engineers. 
 
 Owing to the breaking out of the Civil War, his class was graduated one 
 3-ear sooner tlian it would otherwise have been, and its members were all at once 
 ordered to active duty. O'Rorke served for some time as drillmaster for new 
 regiments which were constantly arriving in Washington. He also served on 
 stafif duty, and was present in that capacity at the skirmish at Blackburn's Ford, 
 which occurred on the day before the battle of Bull Rim. 
 
 In July, 1862, he came home to Rochester on a short leave of absence, and 
 at that time was married to Miss Clara Bishop, whom he had known from 
 childhood. 
 
 LTpon the organization at Rochester of the One Hundred and Fortieth Regi- 
 ment New York Volunteers, in September, 1862, he was commissioned as its 
 Colonel. He remained with and in command of the Regiment until the day of 
 his death, with the exception of a short time which included the battle of Chan- 
 cellorsville when he was in command of the brigade of which his regiment formed 
 a part. He fell among his men in the fighting which took place on the rocky 
 eastern slope of Little Round Top, at Gettysburg, on the afternoon of July 3, 
 1863. He was shot through the neck, and fell limp and lifeless without uttering 
 a sound. It may be hoped he died without a pain. 
 
 Very soon after his death, his widow entered the religious order of The 
 Ladies of the Sacred Heart. She spent many years in their house in Detroit, 
 and was then sent to the house in Providence, R. I., where she was made Mother 
 Superior, and where she died and was buried a few years ago. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 739 
 
 Colonel O'Rorke's body has been buried with tlie body of Colonel George 
 Ryan, of the same regiment, killed at Spottsylvania. They are side by side in 
 the O'Rorke family lot in the Holy Sepulchre Cemetery near Rochester. 
 
 Colonel O'Rorke commanded the Third Brigade of Ayres' Division from 
 May, 1863, until near the close of the forced marches to Gettysburg, when he 
 was relieved by General Weed. 
 
 The brigade consisted of the One Hundred and Fortieth New York, Colonel 
 O'Rorke ; the One Hundred and Forty-sixth New York, Colonel Kenner Gar- 
 lard ; One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania, Colonel E. Jay Allen; and the 
 Ninety-first Pennsylvania. Colonel E. M. Gregory. 
 
 Both General Weed and Colonel O'Rorke were picked oft' by sharpshooters 
 and killed in the storming and capture of Little Round Top by Weed's Brigade, 
 on July 2, 1863. 
 
 FREDERIC WTNTHROP, BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL UNITED 
 STATES VOLUNTEERS. KILLED APRIL 1. 1865. 
 
 By Brevet-M.-^jor George M. Laughlin. 
 
 Few records of patriots who fell in the Civil War present a more brilliant 
 military career than that of Brevet !Major-General Frederic Winthrop, who, at the 
 head of his brigade of United States Regulars in General Griffin's Division of the 
 Fifth Army Corps, gave up his life for his country at Five Forks, the last battle of 
 the war. He was a brother of Theodore Winthrop, a Harvard student, who fell in 
 battle at Big Bethel, almost the first battle of the war. 
 
 From Gettysburg to Five Forks, General Winthrop was closely connected 
 with the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, as 
 officer of staff of General Ayres, and on many skirmish lines, and to perpetuate 
 the deeds of so brave a soldier this memoir is incorporated in this history. 
 
 Frederic Winthrop, fourth son of Thomas Charles Winthrop, and Georgiana 
 Maria Kane, his wife, and seventh in descent from John Winthrop, first Governor 
 of Massachusetts, was born in New York, on the third day of August, 1839. 
 At the age of sixteen, he entered the banking house of Denniston, Wood & Co., 
 New York, as a clerk, where he remained till the breaking out of the Rebellion. 
 
 On the evening of Friday, the 19th of April, 1861, he was a guest at a party 
 at the house of W. H. Aspinwall, Esq., given in honor of Major Robert Ander- 
 son, late commander at Fort Sumter. 
 
 The Seventh Regiment, New York State Militia had that afternoon left the 
 city for Washington, in compliance with President Lincoln's call for volunteers. 
 This regiment was the only one in New York whose ranks were full, and in a 
 situation for immediate service. The departure of the Seventh was the general 
 topic of conversation, arid as troops were urgently needed, Winthrop and some 
 of the young men present, who did not belong to any military organization, de- 
 
740 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 termined at once to offer their services to the country, and that same evening, 
 before returning to their homes, they entered their names on the muster roll of 
 Company E, of the Seventy-first Regiment, New York State Militia. On Sun- 
 day, April 31, 1861, the Seventy-first left New York for Washington, with Win- 
 throp a private in the ranks of Company F. At the battle of Bull Run, which 
 was fought July 21, 1861, when the Regiment was complimented for its behavior, 
 Winthrop was honorably mentioned for his distinguished braver)' and gallantry 
 on the field on that day. 
 
 October 26, 1861, he became Captain of the Twelfth Regiment of Infantry 
 ('Regulars), United States army, then stationed at Fort Hamilton, New York 
 Harbor. It joined the Army of the Potomac, April 11, 1862. From that time 
 to the day of his death, he was on duty with that army, participating in all its 
 famous battles. 
 
 In the early summer of 1863 his health was broken down by typhoid fever, 
 caused by exposure in the swamps of the Chickahominy, and he was ordered 
 home by the surgeon. At four o'clock of the afternoon before the battle of 
 Gettysburg, he learned that an engagement was about to take place. He im- 
 mediately arose from his sick bed. and ignoring the protests of his physician, 
 he took the fix o'clock train that afternoon for the battlefield, arriving in time 
 to take part in the battle the following day. He was later specially detailed for 
 duty on the staff of Brigadier-General R. B. Ayres, commanding the Second 
 Division, Fifth Corps. 
 
 For his distinguished services and gallantry at the battle of the Wilderness 
 he was promoted to the Colonelcy of the Fifth Regiment, New York Veteran 
 Volunteers. This regiment was popularly known as Duryea's Zouaves. Its 
 second Colonel was Gouverneur K. Warren. It was incorporated in the brigade 
 of United States Regulars. 
 
 On the 10th of November, 1864, Colonel Winthrop was appointed Brevet 
 Brigadier-General of Volunteers. He was assigned as commander of the First 
 Brigade, Second Division, Fifth Corps. 
 
 The battle of Five Forks was fought Saturday, April 1, 1865. General Win- 
 throp, while leading a charge at the head of his troops, was shot through the left 
 lung, and died two hours afterwards. Before he died, his whole thoughts were 
 with his comrades, and of the honor of his command. When told that the at- 
 tack had been completely successful at every point, he said, " Thank God, I am 
 now willing to die." Shortly before he died his mind wandered, and he imagined 
 himself still at the head of his command, and in the thick of the fight. He 
 shouted, "Captain ^^'arren, how is that line? Has the attack succeeded?" 
 Gradually he grew weaker, and his comrades who had gathered round thought 
 him almost gone, when suddenly he started from the stretcher upon which he was 
 lying, staggered forward, and crying out, " Straighten the line." he fell back 
 dead. 
 
 General Griffin, when he heard of General Winthrop's death, exclaimed, 
 "This victory is not worth Winthrop's life! " 
 
 General Ayres, commander of the Division, issued the full general order to 
 the troops, announcing General Winthrop's death. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 741 
 
 The remains were brought to New York and interred temporarily in the 
 De Peyster family vault in Trinity Churchyard, on the 13th of April, 1865. Dur- 
 ing the day of the funeral the flags on all the public buildings, hotels, etc., through- 
 out the city were displayed at half-mast in his honor. The funeral escort con- 
 sisted of the Twelfth, Twenty-second, and Seventy-first Regiments, National 
 Guard, State of New York, a regiment of United States army Regulars, all under 
 command of Colonel H. D. Waller, U. S. A. 
 
 STEPHEN H. WEED, BRIGADIER-GENERAL, U. S. VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 (From United States Military Register.) 
 
 Born in New York, appointed from New York as cadet Military Academy, 
 July 1, 1850, graduated July 1, 1854; Brevet Second-Lieutenant of Artillery, July 
 1, 1854; Second-Lieutenant of the Fourth Artillery, December 18, 1854. Served: 
 On frontier duty at Fort Brown, Texas, 1855-185G ; in Florida Hostilities against 
 Seminole Indians, 1856-1857 ; promoted to First-Lieutenant, Fourth Artillery, 
 November 16, 1856; on frontier duty at Fort Leavenworth, quelling Kansas Dis- 
 turbances, 1858-1861 ; in Expedition against Piute and other hostile Indians, 
 May to September, 1860; in skirmishes at Egan Canon, August 11, and at Deep 
 Creek, September 6, 1860. (Captain and Assistant-Quartermaster, declined.) 
 Captain, Fifth Artillery, May 14, 1861. In War of the Rebellion, 1861-1863, as 
 Executive Officer at Regimental Headquarters, Washington, D. C, August 17 
 to September 2, 1861 ; on Recruiting Service at New York City, September 2 to 
 November 11, 1861; at Camp Greble, near Harrisburg, Pa., November 11, 1861, 
 to March 8, 1863; in Virginia Peninsular Campaign (Army of the Potomac), 
 March to August, 1863, being engaged in the siege of Yorktown, April 5 to May 
 4, 1863 ; Battle of Gaines' Mill, June 37, 1863, and Battle of Malvern Hill, June 
 30 to July 1, 1863 ; in the Northern Virginia Campaign, August and September, 
 1863 ; in Battle of Manassas, August 30, 1862 ; in the Maryland Campaign (Army 
 of the Potomac), September to November, 1863, and March to Falmouth, Va., 
 October-November, 1863 ; as Chief of Artillery Corps, at Falmouth, Va., Decem- 
 ber 3, 1863, to January 33, 1863; on leave of absence, January 33 to April 18, 
 1863 ; in Rappahannock Campaign (Army of the Potomac), April to June, 1863 ; 
 engaged in Battle of Chancellorsville, May 2-4, 1863, and in command of Ar- 
 tillery Brigade, Fifth Army Corps, ]\Iay 10 to Jvme 6, 1863; and in Pennsylvania 
 Campaign (Army of the Potomac), as Brigadier-General United States Volun- 
 teers, June 6, 1863, June-July, 1863, being engaged in Battle of Gettysburg, July 
 1-3, 1863. Killed, July 3, 1863, at the Battle of Gettysburg, Pa., aged 30, whilst 
 commanding the One Hundred and Fortieth and One Hundred and Forty-sixth 
 Regiments, New York Volunteers, and Ninety-first and One Hundred and Fifty- 
 fifth Regiments, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in the capture of Little Round Top. 
 
?42 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 
 
 Come, old comrades, step together; 
 
 What though locks be gray and thinning? 
 Oft we've tramped through wind and weather, 
 
 Oft we've heard the cannon dinning. 
 
 Let the drums and fifes sing loudly, 
 Thrilling songs that live in story ; 
 
 Old men's shoulders straighten proudly ; 
 Old men's eyes are filled with glory. 
 
 In the siege and in the battle. 
 
 While the dead fell tliick around us. 
 
 Cannon roar and musket rattle 
 
 A\'itnessed to the bond that bound us. 
 
 Bound us firmly to each other 
 
 With a tie that none shall sever; 
 
 Brother, heart to heart of brother. 
 In a throb that beats forever. 
 
 Bound us to our countrj^'s honor 
 With a stronger bond and wider. 
 
 When the darkness rushed upon her. 
 And we rose and stood beside her. 
 
 Heard the distant battles roaring. 
 Heard her voice in anguish calling, 
 
 .'Vnd from farm and city pouring 
 
 Stayed her in our arms from falling. 
 
 A\'ith our breasts make bucklers round her ; 
 
 Kept her glorious flag above us ; 
 Then, by deathless bonds we bound her 
 
 To remember us and love us. 
 
 Thus we march in step together, 
 
 Year by year, old comrades meeting. 
 
 As we tramped through wind and weather 
 ^\'hen the battle sang a greeting. 
 
 Not alone we tell the story ; 
 
 All our patriot dead are near us ; 
 They have earned the greater glory ; 
 
 Hark ! Their soldier voices cheer us. 
 
 See them march in step together: 
 
 Though in grave and trench they're lying. 
 
 Still they tramp through wind and weather, 
 Guard the land they saved — in dying. 
 
ElQQsST 
 
 liv 
 
 
I 
 
 ^orttfiatte 
 
 The following Rosters of the Regiment have been 
 carefully revised and corrected to date. 
 
 At the commencement of the work of preparing the 
 Regimental History, typewritten copies in triplicate were 
 made from the official Muster-out Rolls of all the Com- 
 panies, and furnished to the Committees of the several 
 Companies for mspection and correction. These copies 
 were passed from man to man of the survivors, and 
 returned with a certificate that the Rolls had been 
 exammed and were believed to be correct, as revised. 
 After that, obscure and ambiguous cases were taken up 
 by extensive correspondence, and verified by records in 
 the U. S. War Department. 
 
 The Regimental Committee, therefore, certify as to 
 the accuracy and reliability of the Rosters of the several 
 Companies, and the Field and Staff. 
 
 By order of 
 
 The Committee on Regimental History. 
 S. W. Hill, Chairman. 
 Charles F. McKenna, Secretary. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
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 THE RECORD OF THE 
 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH PENNSYLVANIA INFANTRY. 
 
 (1) Col. EDWARD JAY ALLEN. (2) Col. JOHN H. CAIN. 
 
 (3) Col. ALFRED L. PEARSON; Bvt. Major-Gen. 
 
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 Company D 1,39 
 
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 Company G 163 
 
 Company H 143 
 
 Company I 157 
 
 Company K 145 
 
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 Totals 1523 
 
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 Net strength 1448 
 
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 1523 
 
 N. B. — List of wounded (partial). 
 
 Battles. K. & M. W. 
 
 Fredericksburg. Va 21 
 
 Chancellorsville, Va 3 
 
 Gettysburg, Pa 7 
 
 Wilderness, Va 14 
 
 Spottsylvania, Va 18 
 
 North Anna, Va 3 
 
 Totopotomoy, Va 1 
 
 Cold Harbor, Va 2 
 
 Petersburg. Va. (assault) 26 
 
 Battles. K. & M. W. 
 
 Siege of Petersburg, Va 6 
 
 Peeble's Farm. Va 8 
 
 Boydton Road, Va 4 
 
 Dabneys Mills, Va 9 
 
 Petersburg. Va., March 25, '65 3 
 
 Quaker Road, Va 3 
 
 White Oak Road. Va 4 
 
 Five Forks, Va 9 
 
 Appomattox, \'a 1 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 793 
 
 " No words of the living can add to the simple 
 grandeur of this record ; where all were alike brave, and 
 gave to their country ' the last full measure of devo- 
 tion.' " 
 
 " Their very heroism and sacrifice have lifted them to 
 an equality of glory, to which we leave them." 
 
 " ' The dead are past our help and past our praise, 
 we can add to them no glory, we can give them no 
 immortality. They do not need us, but forever and for- 
 evermore we need them.' " 
 
'-' o 
 
 0.2 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Sketches of Regiments 
 
 Composing 
 
 HUMPHREYS' DIVISION 
 
 IN 
 
 ANTIETAM, FREDERICKSBURG 
 
 A^'t'CHANCELLORSVILLE 
 
 CAMPAIGNS 
 
796 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 I 
 
 MAJOR-GENERAL A. A. HUMPHREYS. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 797 
 
 HUMPHREYS' DIVISION. 
 
 Brigadier-General A. A. Humphreys Commanding. 
 
 ORGANIZED 
 
 September 75, 1862. 
 
 Assigned to the Fifth Corps, Army of the Potomac. 
 Major-General Fitz John Porter Commanding. 
 
 First Brigade. 
 Brigadier-General E. B. Tyler Commanding. 
 
 Regiments. 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty-si.xth, Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel James 
 G. Elder. 
 
 One Hundred and Twenty-ninth, Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel Jacob 
 P'rick. 
 
 One Hundred and Thirty-fourth, Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonels M. S. 
 Quay, Edward O'Brien. 
 
 Ninety-first, Pennsylvania \'olunteers. Colonel E. M. Gregory. 
 
 Second Brigade. 
 
 Colonel P. H. Allabach Commanding. 
 
 Regiments. 
 
 One Hundred and Twentv-third, Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel John B. 
 Clark. 
 
 One Hundred and Thirty-first, Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel P. H. 
 Allabach. 
 
 One Hundred and Thirty-third, Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel F. B. 
 Speakman. 
 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth, Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel E. Jay 
 Allen. 
 
 Campaigns and Engagements. 
 
 Antietam Campaign, September, 1862. 
 
 Fredericksburg — " Charge on Marye's Heights," December 13, 1863. 
 
 Chancellorsville Campaign, May 1 to .5, 1863. 
 
 Battle of Chancellorsville, May 1 to .5, 1863. 
 
7US UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 DISBANDMENT. 
 
 By reason of expiration of nine months" term of enlistment, ]\Iay 15, 1863, 
 of the following regiments : One Hundred and Twenty-third. One Hundred and 
 Twenty-sixth, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth, One Hundred and Thirty-first, 
 One Hundred and Thirty-third, and One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Pennsyl- 
 vania Wilunteers, were ordered to be mustered out of service. 
 
 The Ninety-first and the One Hundred and Fift}-fifth Pennsylvania Vol- 
 unteers, having enlisted for three years, were transferred to the Second Division, 
 Fifth Corps, Army of Potomac, Brigadier-General George Skyes commanding, 
 and served continuously in the Fifth Corps until after the Surrender at 
 Appomattox. 
 
 The itinerary and campaigns in the first few chapters of this history de- 
 scribes so fully the operations of Humphreys' Division and of the six regiments 
 of Pennsylvania troops which had served in the Division during the nine months 
 of its existence — that to take up space to here repeat seriatim the itinerary of 
 the respective regiments would be unnecessary and wearisome to the reader. 
 
 No histories of these regiments exist, unless brief and imperfect sketches 
 published in Bates' History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, is to rank as history. 
 However, the compilers have been furnished with an admirably written sketch 
 of the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment by Honorable D. Watson 
 Rowe, of Chambersburg, Pa. It was published in the year 1869, soon after the 
 close of the war. \\'e regret that space will not permit its publication entire, 
 but the extracts quoted will be found to be well worthy of the reader's perusal. 
 
 THE ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 
 
 " During the first week of August, 1863, the Confederate Generals were 
 assembling their forces for the purpose of crushing the army commanded by 
 General Pope, and advancing to the capture of the Capital. On the 9th of 
 August, Jackson fought Banks at Cedar Mountain. 
 
 Such was the aspect of military affairs in the East whilst the One Hundred 
 and Twenty-sixth Regiment was recruiting. About three weeks were occupied 
 in this labor. Juniata county furnished two companies, namely, F and I. Cap- 
 tain John P. Wharton, of Perryville, led the men of Company F, and those of 
 Company I came in charge of Captain Amos H. Martin, of Miffiintown. Both 
 these officers were men of mature years and sterling character, and the yoimg 
 men who followed them from the banks of the Blue Juniata were the flower and 
 promise of the county. 
 
 The remaining eight companies were from Franklin county, except part of 
 one company, which was furnished by Fulton county. The very pick and pride 
 of Franklin county responded to the call of the President at this great crisis of 
 the struggle. The towns and the hillsides of the Conococheague sent of their 
 best youth. 
 
 The several companies of which the Regiment was composed assembled at 
 Camp Curtin, between the 6th and 10th of August, 1863. The Governor com- 
 missioned Colonel Tames G. Elder as Colonel, D. Watson Rowe as Lieutenant- 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 799 
 
 Colonel, and James C. Austin, who had been voted for as Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 to be Major. At the same time John Stewart was commissioned as Adjutant, 
 and T. Jefferson Nill as Quartermaster. 
 
 On the 15th of August, tents were struck and the Regiment was conveyed 
 by train to Baltimore, and thence to Washington, where it arrived at 4 a. m. 
 of the succeeding day. On the 23d of August, the command was moved to 
 Alexandria. The Regiment was now brigaded with the Ninety-first, the One 
 Hundred and Twenty-ninth, and the One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Penns} 1- 
 vania Volunteers, commanded respectively by Colonels Gregory, Frick, and 
 O'Brien. Brigadier-General Erastus B. Tyler was assigned to the command of 
 
 /I 
 
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 COL. JAMES G. ELDER. 
 
 COL. D. WATSON ROWE. 
 
 the brigade. General Tyler remained in command until the term of service of the 
 regiments had expired. 
 
 On the 2d of September, 1862, the whole army was drawn back within the 
 lines around Washington. While lying in this camp, letters came in from the 
 8th until the 11th, showing with each day an increase of excitement at home. On 
 Sunday, September lith, the Regiment marched with the brigade for the Mon- 
 ocacy, by way of Rockville, encamping by that stream on the afternoon of the 
 16th. On the first day's march to Antietam, General Humphreys, with his staff, 
 was observed on the roadside, snatching a marching review of the brigade as it 
 passed by en route. 
 
800 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 General Humphreys was a regular ofificer, past middle life, educated at 
 West Point, deeply learned in engineering, long attached to the Topographical 
 Department, and so far during the war, had served on the staff of General 
 McClellan. 
 
 General Tyler was heartily liked and respected by all under him. He was 
 a large, soldierly-looking man. in the prime of life. He entered the army at the 
 outbreak of the war as Colonel of the Seventh Ohio, and served under Rosecrans 
 in West Virginia. The Regiment was fortunate in both its General officers. 
 
 Tyler's Brigade lay on the Monocacy, by the Frederick road, from the even- 
 ing of the 16th till the middle of the afternoon of the 17th of September during 
 which time a large body of paroled Union prisoners surrendered by Miles at 
 Harper's Ferry passed southward. About three o'clock the march was taken up 
 for Antietam, by way of Frederick, Middletown, and Boonsboro and the com- 
 mand was forced forward all night, halting but one hour on the top of South 
 Mountain for rest and at 8 a. m. on the 18th arrived on the battlefield, and re- 
 ceiving twenty additional rounds of ammunition, took position in reserve with 
 the rest of Porter's Corps. The men were much fatigued with the twenty-six 
 miles forced marching, but were in good heart at the prospect of making their 
 first fight near home. 
 
 The reinforcement which Humphreys' thus brought to McClellan numbered 
 about six thousand men. 
 
 The battle was not resumed, and the Brigade went into camp one mile from 
 Sharpsburg where it lay until the KJth of October. 
 
 At length on the 30th of October, 1863, McClellan having begun his move- 
 ment on Warrenton, the Regiment broke camp, crossed the river at Harper's 
 F"erry on pontoons, and continued the march to the top of the mountain at 
 Snicker's Gap. On the 5th, when the Brigade broke camp and passed through 
 White Plains, to the vicinity of Warrenton, where it encamped until the 17th of 
 November. Here McClellan, attended by Burnside, his successor of the com- 
 mand of the army bade farewell to all the corps in a grand and a brilliant review. 
 A day or two later Fitz John Porter also reviewed the Fifth Corps upon taking 
 leave of it. Hooker succeeding him. 
 
 Fredericksburg. 
 
 At 4 A. M. of the 11th of December the reveille was beaten, and the Regiment 
 moved out to the field of its first great battle. On Saturday the 13th of De- 
 cember, the Brigade crossed the Rappahannock on the upper pontoon bridge, 
 entered Fredericksburg at the northern end, and, turning to the left, moved down 
 to the center of the town. At 3:30 p. m. General Tyler moved his command to 
 the front and filing to the right from the telegraph road, entered a low meadow 
 at the far end of which stood a large brick tannery. Above this meadow over- 
 shadowing it, frowned the rebel redoubts and batteries. The command was 
 luassed in this enclosure, the Union and the Confederate batteries playing over 
 the heads of the men. The men were not in line of battle but were simply await- 
 ing orders. They could onlv watch the Confederate batteries on the heights above 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 801 
 
 them dropping shells into the throng, throwing the earth and mangled bodies 
 into the air, and shudder at the destruction. 
 
 At length the order came to move to the left of the Telegraph Road, and 
 fomi into lines of battle under cover of a hill, preparatory to a last charge upon 
 the rebel works on Marye's Heights. The road was swept by the enemy's shells 
 and the bullets of his sharpshooters. The right of the regiment was hurried 
 across: the left waited a moment at the edge of the road and then it also hastily 
 passed over, but not scathless. Lieutenant Fortescue, of Company G had scarcely 
 put foot into the road before a ball from a sharpshooter's rifle pierced his head 
 and he fell a corpse. 
 
 As rapidly as possible, for it was growing late, the column of assault was 
 formed in two lines. The men were ordered to rely solely upon the bayonet and 
 cautioned not to tire. The command, "officers, twelve paces to the front!" was 
 given, the bugle sounded the charge, and then, with cheer upon cheer, the hill 
 which protected the formation was ascended and the charge began. The ranks 
 were well kept, the men running steadily and in line. The brick house on Marye's 
 Hill was already reached. This was the fourth charge made that day over this 
 same ground by other corps of the army. Each charge had been repulsed after 
 fifteen immortal minutes. When the third charge had failed, Burnside, 
 riding down the Rappahannock and gazing over at those heights, exclaimed, 
 " That crest must be carried to-night ! " Humphreys had been at once ordered 
 across, and so far he had done his work well, but it was unsuccessful. 
 
 In front of the brick house at the foot of the crest, and along the raised 
 ground to the right and left lay a body of men in line thrown on the earth. They 
 were the men of the last preceding charge. Whether they did not wish to be 
 run over by the men and the officers on horseback, or from whatever cause, they 
 raised partly up, cried halt, and remonstrated with violent gesticulations as the 
 charging line came upon them, thereby very greatly disarranging the ranks and 
 breaking the force of the charge, but the column passed over them like a storm. 
 Colonel Elder led the right wing of the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth to the 
 right of the brick house. Lieutenant-Colonel Rowe sent part of the left wing 
 placed in his charge, also to the right, and led the two left Companies, H and K, 
 around on the other side. These latter companies having a clear field pressed 
 rapidly beyond the house quite near to the stone wall, blazing now with the 
 enemy's fire. 
 
 Charge — Marye's Heights. 
 
 Colonel Elder, with those who went to the right of the house, was greatly 
 obstructed by fences in the way, which had to be broken down. Nevertheless 
 we pushed vigorously beyond the house and approached the stonewall. As the 
 line advanced beyond the house, the fire of musketry, which was severe before, 
 grew terrific. The long line of stone wall was a sheet of flame. From every 
 eminence, right and left, and in front, the rebel cannon were turned on the 
 charging column. Whatever was to be done, must be done quickly. In one 
 moment more the wall could be gained. How it came about is not known, but 
 
802 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 certain it is that the men lying in front of the house, who had been passed over, 
 began to fire at the enemy through our advancing hnes. Immediately there was 
 a halt. The fire in the front and the fire in the rear, every flash visible in the 
 twilight, astounded the soldiers. Bewildered, they stood for a moment irreso- 
 lute ; then in their excitement began to fire at the rebel line. This was fatal. The 
 charge was over. All its momentum was lost. It was folly to think of leading 
 men leisurely up to that blazing wall. It was still more hopeless to expect them 
 to stand still and endure that fire. The officers urged. Colonel Elder, gallantly 
 pushed forward, fell, badly wounded. General Tyler was struck on the breast 
 with a piece of shell. General Humphreys had already had two horses killed 
 under him and was raving in front of the lines, urging the men on while pulling 
 his hostlers from under his dead horse. 
 
 Colonel Elder Wounded. 
 
 Among the line officers of the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth, Doebler, 
 Pot, Whoarton, Walker, Fletcher, and Macay had been carried from the field. 
 Men were falling rapidly. Their feeble fire against the stone wall was futile. It 
 was growing dark. Lieutenant-Colonel Rowe was on the left of the Regiment, 
 on the other side of the house, ignorant that Colonel Elder had fallen. The Regi- 
 ment was without a major. It fell back with the rest of the Brigade to the pro- 
 tection of the house, and descending the acclivity up which the charge had been 
 made, reformed under the cover of the hill where the charge began. 
 
 Colonel Elder was carried from the spot where he fell to a hospital in Fred- 
 ericksburg and subsequently conveyed to Washington, where he remained until 
 the Regiment was mustered out. The Brigade went into action two thousand 
 strong, and lost in a few minutes of the charge thirty-three officers and four 
 hundred and twenty-three men. 
 
 Back to Camp Humphreys. 
 The morning of the 16th of December the Regiment breakfasted in the pine 
 woods where it had bivouacked the night of the 12th, and after noon settled down 
 in its former camp, where it remained for several weeks. 
 
 But now the time had come for Burnside to move again. On the morning of 
 the 20th of January, the brigade marched out of camp and journeyed two miles 
 on the famous " Mud march." The men were drenched with rain, and the roads 
 were made dreadful. It rained the next day, during which the command made 
 some four miles. There was no thought of going ahead, but how to get back was 
 the question. 
 
 At length, on Saturday, the 24th, the Brigade marched back over the cordu- 
 roy road it had helped to make to Camp Humphreys, and so the " AInd march " 
 ended. 
 
 Chancellorsville. 
 On Monday, the 27th of April, the march was taken up for Chancellorsville, 
 with twenty-nine officers and five hundred and seventy-seven men in the Regi- 
 ment. The Rappahannock was crossed on Wednesday by the Regiment at 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 803 
 
 Kelly's Ford, and the Rapidan at Ely's Ford on the 30th. On May 1st, the 
 direct road to Chancellorsville was taken, and shortly before noon the brigade 
 was massed by the side of the Chancellor House, on an open clearing. Pre- 
 cisely at 12 M. the first gun of the great fight opened. Slocum's Corps took the 
 plank road, Sykes' Division the turnpike, and Meade, with Griffin's and Hum- 
 phreys' Divisions, advanced on the river road for five miles and came in sight of 
 Bank's Ford. Thus this ford was uncovered, and a position obtained out of the 
 Wilderness on a commanding ridge. Suddenly and unaccountably the three 
 columns were ordered back to Chancellorsville. 
 
 Early on Sunday morning Tyler's Brigade was moved down from the 
 heights which it held, and hurried to the right, and reached the road running 
 from Ely's Ford to Chancellorsville. 
 
 The Brigade soon became actively engaged with the enemy, when after an 
 hour's hard fighting with severe losses, the amunition of the Regiment becom- 
 ing exhausted, and their right flank turned, the Brigade slowly fell back. Each 
 regiment of the Brigade was in turn compelled to fall back behind a battery along 
 the road to Ely's Ford. 
 
 On the morning of the 6th of May the Regiment received orders to fall 
 back across the river, and after a fatiguing march of twelve miles, through deep 
 mud, the site of Camp Humphreys was reached, and the Regiment henceforth 
 was done with fighting and marching. 
 
 Once More to Camp Humphreys. 
 
 A quiet week in camp succeeded the battle of Chancellorsville. The term 
 of service of the Regiment was about to expire. General Tyler assembled it, and 
 publicly e.xtolled the conduct of the men in both the great actions in which they 
 had participated. Tuesday, the 12th of May, was a day of leave-taking in camp. 
 There was great visiting among the regiments, and the Generals quarters were 
 crowded all day. At six o'clock in the morning of Wednesday, May 13, 1863, 
 the Regiment took cars at Stoneman's Station for Acquia Creek Landing, and 
 ceased to belong to the Army of the Potomac. At seven o'clock Friday morning, 
 the 1.5th, the Regiment marched with drums beating and flags flying through 
 Harrisburg to Camp Curtin. On Wednesday, the 20th of May, the companies 
 were mustered out of service, the men received their pay and discharges and, 
 with cordial hand-shaking, separated and started for home." 
 
 THE NINETY-FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 This regiment was recruited in the fall of 1861, and mustered into the 
 United States service at Camp Chase, on the Schuylkill, near Philadelphia, on 
 December 4, 1861, for three years. 
 
 The general officers of the Regiment were : Colonel, Edgar M. Gregory ; 
 Lieutenant-Colonels, Edward C. Wallace, Joseph H. Sinex, John D. Lentz, 
 Eli G. Sellers ; Majors, George W. Todd, John D. Lentz, Eli G. Sellers, John 
 P. Casner. 
 
SOi UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 The Regiment reached Washington January 21, 1862, doing guard and 
 patrol duty there until April 27th following, when it was assigned to provost 
 guard duty at Alexandria, remaining there until August 21, 1862. The Regiment 
 was then assigned to active service in the field with the Fifth Corps. On Sep- 
 tember 15, 1862, as part of Tyler's Brigade, Humphreys' Division, it started on 
 the forced marches of the Marj-land campaign, and on the morning of September 
 18 reached the Antietam battlefield where the corps took position in reserve. The 
 Regiment participated in the reconnoissance in October across the Potomac at 
 Shepardstown. It subsequently moved with the Army of the Potomac to near 
 Falmouth. 
 
 On December 11th, General Burnside, having succeeded to the command of 
 the army, the Regiment was ordered to prepare for battle, and laid upon their 
 arms until the opening of the battle of Fredericksburg. On the 13th of Decem- 
 ber, the Regiment, with Humphreys' Division, met its baptism of fire. Upon the 
 repulse of the veteran troops under Couch, Hancock, and Sumner, Humphreys' 
 Division was selected to lead the " forlorn hope " in a bayonet charge upon 
 Marye's Heights, lead by General Humphreys in person. In the assault the 
 Regiment lost two officers and eighty-seven men killed and wounded. 
 
 The Regiment shared in Burnside's famous " Muddy march," and did picket 
 duty until May 1st, when General Hooker led the Army of the Potomac to the 
 Chancellorsville battlefield, still serving under General Tyler as Brigade Com- 
 mander and General Humphreys as Division Commander. 
 
 At Chancellorsville, Captain Thomas W. Parsons and Lieutenant George 
 Black received mortal wounds, and Colonel Gregory received a wound in the 
 leg. 
 
 The engagement at Chancellorsville ended the service of the Regiment under 
 General Humphreys, whose Division was disbanded and the general assigned to 
 the command of a division in the Second Corps. The Ninety-first and the One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiments were transferred to the Third Brigade, 
 Second Division, commanded by General Sykes and participated in all the subse- 
 quent battles of the Fifth Corps of the Army of the Potomac, under Generals 
 Sykes, Warren, and Griffin, from Gettysburg, until the final surrender of Con- 
 federate Army at Appomattox. 
 
 THE ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Colonel, Jacob G. Frick : Lieutenant-Colonel, W. H. Armstrong ; Major, 
 Joseph Anthony ; was recruited in Schuylkill, Northampton, and Montgomery 
 counties, and was mustered into the United States service on August 15, 1862, at 
 Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, for a nine-months" term. The Regiment was ordered 
 to Washington on August 16, and after various detached duties, was assigned to 
 the First Brigade, Third Division, Fifth Corps. At Fredericksburg, the first battle 
 of the Regiment, the men participated in the gallant but futile charge upon Mar\'e's 
 Heights, winning high praise from Generals Hooker and Tyler. In this action the 
 Regiment lost one hundred and forty-two in killed and wounded. \\'inter quarters 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 805 
 
 were established in Camp Humphreys, near 
 Falmouth, which were occupied until the bat- 
 tle of Chancellorsville, in which the Regiment 
 participated, suffering heavy loss. General 
 Tyler said of the One Hundred and Twenty- 
 ninth in this battle, that "' No one ever saw 
 cooler work on field drill than was done by this 
 Regiment." The Regiment was mustered out 
 at Harrisburg on May 18, 1863. 
 
 COL. JACOB G. FEICK. 
 
 THE ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY- 
 FOURTH INFANTRY. 
 
 Colonels, IMatthew S. Quay, Edward 
 O'Brien ; Lieutentnt - Colonels, E d w a r d 
 O'Brien, John M. Thompson, William H. 
 Shaw; Majors, John M. Thompson, William 
 H. Shaw, Cyrus E. Anderson. This Regiment 
 was recruited under the call of July, 1863, for 
 nine months. Companies A, B, D and H 
 were raised in Lawrence county ; C, F. G and 
 K in Butler, and E and I in Beaver. The Regiment was mustered into service 
 at Camp Curtin. Harrisburg, in the early part of August, 1SG"2, and left for 
 Washington on August 50. It was assigned to Humphreys' Division, and par- 
 ticipated in the battle of Fredericksburg as part of Tyler's Brigade. Colonel 
 Quay's resignation was accepted on December 10. 186"?. Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Edward O'Brien was, on same date, commissioned as Colonel, and assumed 
 command in the charge on Marye's Heights, December 13th. He was com- 
 plimented in General Humphreys' official report. The Regiment was on the right 
 of the first line in the final charge on the stonewall, in which it lost four- 
 teen killed, one hundred and six wounded, and nineteen missing. Major Thomp- 
 son was among the wounded, having had his horse 
 shot under him. The Regiment remained in Camp 
 Humphreys until April "27. when it moved upon the 
 Chancellorsville campaign. It was active on the third 
 day of the battle, and it was highly commended in 
 • leneral Tyler's official report of the engagement. Its 
 loss was forty-eight killed, wounded and missing. The 
 Regiment was mustered out at Harrisburg on May 
 •?(;. 1863. 
 
 THE ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-FIRST 
 REGIMENT. 
 Colonel, Peter H. Allabach ; Lieutenant-Colonel, 
 William B. Shaut : Major, Robert W. Patton, was re- 
 COL EDWARD O'BRIEN cruitcd in the counties of Northumberland, Lycoming, 
 
806 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Mifflin. Union and Snyder, and mustered in at Harrisburg early in August, 1S62, 
 for nine months. After a few weeks of detached service, the Regiment was made 
 a part of the Third Division, Fifth Corps (Humphreys' Division). Its first 
 battle was Fredericksburg, where it made a desperate charge on Marye's Heights, 
 reaching to within thirty feet of the famous stonewall, losing in an hour and a 
 half one hundred and seventy-seven killed, wounded, and missing, the men fight- 
 ing with the steadiness of veterans. Winter quarters were established in Camp 
 Humphreys, where the Regiment remained until spring. On May 3 it participated 
 in the battle of Chancellorsville, and after the action returned to its former camp. 
 Its term of service expiring on May 15, the Regiment was ordered to Harrisburg, 
 where it was mustered out on the 33d. 
 
 THE ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 The Rev. John B. Clark, D. D., pastor of the Second United Presbyterian 
 church, of Allegheny city, a clergj-man of eleven years standing, at the close of 
 his services on Sunday, August .5, 1863, requested those of his congregation who 
 were willing to enlist in the National armies to meet him in the basement of the 
 church the next evening. Many came, and in three days three companies were 
 organized, of one of which Mr. Clark was elected captain. In ten days the re- 
 maining seven companies were organized in the county of Allegheny. 
 
 A regimental organization one thousand strong was effected by the election 
 of Captain John B. Clark as Colonel ; Frederick Cast, and Richard C. Dale as 
 Lieutenant-Colonels; and Hugh Danver and Charles D. Wiley as Majors. 
 
 REV. JOHN B. CLARK. D.D. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 807 
 
 The Regiment was mustered into the United States service in August, 1862, 
 for nine months. The Regiment left Harrisburg for Washington on August 21, 
 and was at once ordered to Camp Stanton, where it was assigned to Humphreys' 
 Division. Its first battle was the charge on Alarye's Heights at Fredericksburg, 
 December 13, 1862, losing in that action one hundred and fifty-two killed and 
 wounded. In January', 1863, the Regiment moved to Camp Humphreys, where 
 it remained until the following spring. On April 28th it marched for Chancellors- 
 ville, and on May 1st was posted on the left of the line, which was not engaged. 
 On the 3d of May it was placed in support of the artillery and met with a few 
 losses. The One Hundred and Twenty-third and its gallant commander. Colonel 
 John B. Clark, was complimented by General Humphreys for gallantry in the 
 celebrated charge on Marye's Heights at Fredericksburg. The Regiment was 
 mustered out of the service at Harrisburg on Mav ]3, 1863. 
 
 THE ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 
 
 Colonel, Franklin B. Speakman ; Lievitenant-Colonels, Abraham Kopelin, W. 
 A. McCartney.; Major, Edward M. Schrock. was composed of men recruited from 
 the counties of Cambria, Perry, Bedford, and 
 Somerset, and was mustered into the United 
 States service at Harrisburg by companies, 
 from August 5 to 15, 1862, for nine months. 
 It left for the front on the 19th, and during 
 the progress of the second Bull Run IJattle 
 was posted at Fort Ward on picket duty. 
 Later it was assigned to Allabach's Brigade 
 of Humphreys' Division, Fifth Corps. In 
 charging the works on Marye's Heights at 
 Fredericksburg, its casualties were one hun- 
 dred and eighty-four killed, wounded anil 
 missing, including three officers killed and 
 eight wounded. The Regiment remained in 
 Camp Humphreys until it moved on the Chan- 
 cellorsville campaign. It was actively en- 
 gaged on the third day of that battle, losing 
 one killed and nine wounded. The Regiment 
 was mustered out of service at Harrisburg, 
 May 21 to 26, 1863. (.ql frank b. speakman. 
 
 All the regiments of Humphreys' Division endured the forced march to 
 Antietam, not arriving there, however, until the day after the battle. The 
 Division remained in camp near Sharpsburg until the close of October, when it 
 moved to Falmouth just previous to the battle of Fredericksburg. 
 
 Humphreys' Division also took part in Burnside's celebrated " Mud March " 
 campaign, in January, 1863. 
 
808 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Ill justice to the men of the regiments named who followed General Hum- 
 phre3S to the " sheet of fire " from behind the famous stonewall at the base of 
 Marye's Heights, this official report of the battle is here published, without 
 abridgement : 
 
 " BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG." 
 
 REPORT OF 
 
 BRIGADIER-GENERAL ANDREW A. HUMPHREYS, U. S. ARMY. 
 
 COMMANDING 
 
 THIRD DIVISION, FIFTH CORPS. 
 
 Headquarters Third Division, Camp near Fredericksburg, \'a. 
 
 December IG, 1863. 
 Gcncnil: 
 
 I beg leave to submit the following brief report of the part taken in the 
 action of the 13th instant at Fredericksburg, by the division under my command. 
 
 My division (about -t.-SOO strong) being massed in the vicinity of the 
 Phillips House, received orders at 2 : 30 in the afternoon to cross the river and 
 enter Fredericksburg, which being done, it occupied, by your orders, in quick 
 succession three positions in that time. My troops were yet in the act of forming 
 for the third time when I received an urgent request from Major-General Couch 
 to support that part of his corps on the left of the Telegraph Road and almost 
 at the same moment a staff officer rode up and informed him that General Griffin 
 would reinforce him. A few minutes later I was directed to do so. and without 
 an instant's delay the Second Brigade, commanded by Colonel Allabach, the near- 
 est to the field, was moved to the front and orders sent by me at the same time 
 to General Tyler, commanding the First Brigade, to follow and form on its right. 
 Subsequently, when forming the troops for the attack. Captain Randol, First 
 U. S. Artillery, Chief of Artillery of my division, whom I had ordered to keep 
 the Artiller}' in some sheltered place, reported to me on the field for further 
 instruction. 
 
 I directed him to hold the Artillery within supporting distance on the heights, 
 so that in the event of any aid being required or disaster occurring, he would be 
 at hand to support or cover us. 
 
 This direction he carried out promptly, so far as the ground that was not 
 already occupied by artillery admitted. I had not as yet seen any part of the 
 ground occupied by the enemy or our own troops, and the necessity was so 
 urgent that I could not take time to examine it. At my request an officer of 
 General Hancock's Staff ( Captain Hancock ) accompanied me to the ground, first 
 to a ravine crossing the Telegraph Road, where the troops could form imder par- 
 tial cover : then to the high ground above, on which, some 300 yards in advance, 
 were the troops I was to support, slightly sheltered by a small rise in the ground. 
 One hundred and fifty yards in advance of them was a heavy stone wall, a mile 
 in length, which was strengthened by a trench. This stone wall was at the foot 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 809 
 
 of the lieights in rear of Fredericksburg, the crest of which, running 400 yards 
 distant from the wall, was crowned with batteries. The stone wall was heavily 
 lined with the enemy's infantry. The Second Brigade was quickly formed under 
 my direction by Colonel Allabach, and then led by him and myself, it moved 
 rapidly and gallantly up to General Couch's troops under the artillery and mus- 
 ketry fire of the enemy. The nature of the enemy's line of defense could not 
 be clearly perceived by me until I reached our line. The troops I was to support, 
 as well as those on their left ( I could not see those on their right from the in- 
 terruption of the line by a road and the thick smoke) were sheltering themselves 
 by lying on the ground. This example Colonel Allabach's Brigade immediately 
 followed, in spite of an efi'ort to prevent it, and opened fire upon the enemy. A 
 part onh' of his men were able to reach the front rank, owing to the numbers 
 already occupying the ground. The continued presence of the troops I was to 
 support or relieve proved a serious obstacle to my success. As soon as I ascer- 
 tained the nature of the enemy's position, I was satisfied that our fire could have 
 but little efifect upon him, and that the only mode of attacking him successfully 
 was with the bayonet. This I resolved to do. although my command was com- 
 posed of troops that entered the service in August. With great difficulty their 
 firing was arrested, chiefly by tlie exertions of myself and stafif and Colonel 
 Allabach, aided by Colonel E. Jay Allen, Colonel John B. Clark and Captain 
 H. K. Tyler. While this was being done, I sent a staff officer to General Tyler 
 with instructions to bring his command to the left of the road in the ravine, and 
 prepare it to support or take the place of Allabach's brigade, as the event might 
 recjuire. The charge was then made, but the deadly fire of musketry and artillery 
 broke it, after an advance of 50 yards. Colonel Allabach re-formed the brigade, 
 a portion in the line from which the charge was made, and the remainder in the 
 ravine from which they originally advanced. 
 
 The greater part of my staff were now on foot, having had their horses killed, 
 or disabled, my own being in the latter condition from two wounds. Mounting 
 the horse of my special orderly (Damond, Sixth U. S. Cavalry), I rode to Gen- 
 eral Tyler's brigade to conduct it to the enemy, and while doing so received three 
 successive orders from General Butterfield to charge the enemy's line, the last 
 order being accompanied by the message that both General Burnside and General 
 Hooker demanded that the crest should be taken before night. It was already 
 growing dusky. General Tyler's brigade was not yet entirely formed, and was 
 impeded in doing so by a battery of six guns, whose limbers occupied a part of 
 his ground, and whose fire would have rendered it impossible for him to advance. 
 With great difficulty I brought this battery to cease firing. Then riding along the 
 two lines, I directed them not to fire ; that it was useless ; that the bayonet alone 
 was the weapon to fight with here. Anticipating, too, the serious obstacle they 
 would meet with in the masses of men lying under the little shelter afforded by 
 the natural embankment in front, before mentioned, who could not be got out 
 of the way, I directed them to disregard these men entirely and to pass over them. 
 1 ordered the officers to the front, and with a hurrah, the brigade, led by General 
 Tyler and myself, advanced gallantly over the ground ; under the heaviest fire 
 yet opened, which poured upon it from the moment it rose from the ravine. 
 
810 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 As the brigade reached the masses of men referred to, every effort was 
 made by the latter to prevent our advance. They called to our men not to go 
 forward, and some attempted to prevent by force their doing so. The effect upon 
 my command was what I apprehended, and, in part, forced to form in column, 
 but still advanced rapidly. 
 
 The fire of the enemy's musketry and artillery, furious as it was before, now 
 became still hotter. The stone wall was a sheet of flame, that enveloped the head 
 and flanks of the column. Officers and men were falling rapidly, and the head 
 of the column was at length brought to a stand when close up to the wall. Up 
 to this time not a shot had been fired by the column, but now some firing began ; 
 it lasted but a minute, when, in spite of all our efforts, the column turned and 
 began to retire slowly. I attempted to rally the brigade behind the natural em- 
 bankment so often mentioned, but the united efforts of General Tyler, myself, our 
 staffs and the other officers could not arrest the retiring mass. My efforts were 
 the less eft'ective, since I was again dismounted, my second horse having been 
 killed under me. The only one of my staff now mounted was Lieutenant 
 Humphreys, whose horse had been three times wounded. All the rest had their 
 horses either killed or disabled, except one officer, who had been sent off with 
 orders. 
 
 Directing General Tyler to re-form his brigade under cover of the ravine, I 
 returned to the portion of Allabach's brigade still holding, with the other troops, 
 the line of natural embankment. At this moment some one brought me Colonel 
 Elder's horse, the Colonel having been dangerously wounded a short time before. 
 My force being too small to try another charge, I communicated the result of the 
 contest to General Butterfield, and received directions in return to bring the re- 
 mainder of my troops to the ravine. This was accordingly done, the One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty-third and One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiments, com- 
 manded by Colonels Clark and Allen, retiring slowly and in good order, singing 
 and hurrahing. Colonel Allabach brought off' the other regiments in equally 
 good order. Our loss in both brigades was heavy, exceeding 1,000 in killed and 
 wounded, including in the number officers of high rank. The greater part of the 
 loss occurred during the brief time they were charging and retiring, which scarcely 
 occupied more than ten or fifteen minutes for each brigade. I beg leave to sub- 
 mit herewith the reports of Brigadier-General E. B. Tyler, commanding First 
 Brigade, and Colonel P. H. Allabach, commanding Second Brigade, and to bring 
 to your notice the officers mentioned by them who distinguished themselves by 
 their gallant bearing. Among them are Colonel Gregory (slightly wounded), 
 Colonel Frick, Colonel Elder (dangerously wounded), and Colonel Edward 
 O'Brien, commanding regiments; Lieutenant-Colonels Armstrong and Rowe ; 
 Majors Thompson and Anthony, and Major Todd (who had his leg shattered 
 and has since died) ; Colonels Allen and Clark, commanding regiments; Captain 
 Porter, Assistant Adjutant-General (dangerously wounded), and Captain Tyler 
 and Lieutenant Noon, Adjutant One Hundred and Thirty-third Regiment, killed 
 on the field. 
 
 I also transmit the report of the Acting Chief of Artillery, Captain Randol, 
 to whom mv acknowledgements are due for the prompt and skillful manner in 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 811 
 
 which he executed the duties assigned him. The cool courage of Colonel Allen, 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Regiment ; of Colonel Clark, One Hundred and 
 Twenty-third Regiment, and of Captain Tyler, One Hundred and Twenty-third ■ 
 Regiment, in bringing up the men to the charge and in conducting them from 
 the field, fell particularly under my own observation, and I desire to bring their 
 conduct to your notice. I cannot express in too warm terms my indebtedness 
 to the officers of my staff for the services they rendered me. The cool gallantry 
 Vi'ith which they aided in forming the troops, leading them to the charge and 
 rallying them when retiring; in conveying my orders over the field, and in 
 seconding all mv efforts to accomplish the object of our presence there, entitles 
 them to some mark of approbation from some authority higher than mine. I 
 beg leave, therefore, to mention their names : Captain Carswell McClellan, 
 Assistant Adjutant-General; Lieutenants Humphreys and Christiancy, Aides-de- 
 Camp ; Captain Herbert Thomas, One Himdred and Twenty-ninth Pennsyvlania 
 Volunteers, Acting Inspector-General ; Captain Knowles, Commissary of Sub- 
 sistence; Captain A. Cavada, Twenty-third Pennsylvania Volunteers, Additional 
 Aide-de-Camp, and Captain Rehrer, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteers, Additional Aide-de-Camp. Captain Thomas, when his horse 
 was killed in the charge, joined his company, and, while leading it, was severely 
 wounded. Captains Knowles and Rehrer and Lieutenant Humphreys were 
 slightly wounded. 
 
 Li conclusion, I cannot refrain from expressing the opinion that one of the 
 greatest obstacles to my success was the mass of troops lying on my front line. 
 They ought to have been withdrawn before mine advanced. The troops on their 
 right and left would have prevented the enemy from advancing. Finding them 
 lying there, the men of Allabach's brigade, who had never before been in battle, 
 instinctively followed their example. Besides, they disordered my lines and were 
 greatly in the way when I wished to bring the brigade to a charge. When General 
 Tyler's brigade advanced, they, together with some of my own men of Allabach's 
 brigade, not only impeded its progress, but converted it, as I have already stated, 
 into a massive column too large to be managed properly. 
 
 As soon as the troops were placed in the new positions they were directed 
 to occupy, parties were sent out to bring in the wounded and the dead, and the 
 division ambulances and stretcher-bearers were dispatched upon the same errand. 
 The latter, however, had scarcely any stretchers, the repeated requisitions for the 
 same never having been filled. They were obliged to use shutters. The wounded 
 were nearly all brought in before daylight, and some of the dead, but many of the 
 latter were left upon the field. I ordered out burying parties on the following 
 night, but it was extremely difficult to distinguish ours, and utterly impossible for 
 the parties to bring off all who were lying there. The bodies of many of the men 
 were, therefore, left there. Surgeon McKinney, One Hundred and Thirty-fourth 
 Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Acting Medical Director of the Division dur- 
 ing the sickness of Surgeon Knight, prepared hospitals in the town, and made 
 every arrangement possible for the care of the wounded. They received prompt 
 and skillful treatment, and the most careful attention at his hands, as fast as they 
 were brought in. His conduct deserves great praise. The detailed report of 
 
812 
 
 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 killed, wounded and missing, with the statement of accounts, is not yet com- 
 pleted, but will be prepared and transmitted as soon as possible. 
 
 For the present, I present a tabular statement of casualties, with a list of 
 officers killed, and wounded. The missing, of the tabular statement, are un- 
 doubtedly killed. 
 
 Recapitulation of Casualties in the Division. 
 
 Command 
 First Brigade. 
 
 Officers 
 Killed. 
 
 Enlisted 
 
 Men 
 
 Killed. 
 
 Officers 
 Wounded. 
 
 Enlisted 
 
 Men 
 
 Wounded. 
 
 Officers 
 Missing. 
 
 Enlisted 
 
 Men 
 Missing. 
 
 Aggregate 
 
 91st Pennsylvania . . . 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 43 
 
 
 20 
 
 75 
 
 136th Pennsylvania... 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 59 
 
 
 14 
 
 93 
 
 129th Pennsylvania... 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 9r3 
 
 
 23 
 
 140 
 
 ISlth Pennsylvania... 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 99 
 
 
 36 
 
 148 
 
 Second Brigade Staff.. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 1 
 
 133rd Pennsylvania... 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 5 
 
 101 
 
 
 13 
 
 134 
 
 131st Pennsylvania.... 
 
 2 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 133 
 
 
 19 
 
 177 
 
 133rd Pennsylvania. . . 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 8 
 
 133 
 
 . . 
 
 24 
 
 184 
 
 155th Pennsylvania. . . 
 
 1 
 11 
 
 5 
 98 
 
 1 
 53 
 
 57 
 715 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 143 
 
 68 
 
 Total 
 
 1020 
 
 Very respectfully your obedient servant, 
 
 A. A. Humphreys, 
 Brigadier-General Commanding Division. 
 Brigadier-General Daniel Butterfield, 
 
 Commanding Fifth Corps. 
 
 REPORT OF MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER, ON PART TAKEN 
 BY HUMPHREYS' DIVISION IN BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG. 
 
 (Extract.) 
 
 Washington, D. C, Sept. 5, 1863. 
 Colonel: 
 
 I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the operations of the Center 
 Grand Division of the Army of the Potomac under my command. 
 
 I determined it to be my duty to the troops under my command to give 
 General Burnside a fuller explanation and dissuade him, if possible, from what 
 I considered a hopeless attack. Accordingly I did so. 
 
 The General insisted upon the attack being made. I returned and brought 
 up every available battery with the intention of breaking their batteries to enable 
 the attacking column, Humphreys' Division, to carry the crest. This artillery 
 fire was continued with great vigor until near sunset, when the attack with the 
 bayonet was made by Humphreys' Division. The attack zvas made zvith a spirit 
 and determination seldom, if ever, equalled i)i ivar. The impregnable position 
 of the enemy had given them so strong an advantage that the attack was almost 
 immediately repulsed. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 813 
 
 HUMPHREYS' DIMSION IN THE CHANCELLORSVTLLE CAMPAIGN. 
 
 The following official reports of Brigade Commanders of Humphreys' Di- 
 vision describe so fully the operation of the respective commands in the battle 
 cf Chancellorsville, that they are submitted herewith to the reader: 
 
 REPORT OF BRIGADIER-GENERAL E. B. TYLER, COMMANDING 
 FIRST BRIGADE, BATTLE OF CHANCELLORSVILLE. 
 
 Camp near Falmouth, Va., May 10, 1863. 
 Captain : 
 
 I have the honor to transmit herewith a list of casualties of my command in 
 action of the 3rd instant ; and also to submit the following report of the part 
 
 taken by my brigade in the engagement : 
 About 9 A. M., I received an order from 
 Major-General ]\Ieade to put my command in 
 motion, and go to the support of General 
 French, Lieutenant-Colonel Webb to indicate 
 the position we were to occupy. That officer 
 in person pointed out the line we were to take 
 possession of directly in the face of the enemy, 
 and on the right of General French's com- 
 mand, in the woods. The regiments were 
 scarcely in position before the enemy opened 
 fire upon us, which was promptly and ef- 
 fectively returned by our men. I at once saw 
 the enemy outnumbered us, as they were in 
 double line and extended beyond our right. I 
 immediately asked for reinforcements, but 
 was informed they could not be furnished. 
 Colonel Well, who had remained in front for 
 some moments, started back, promising to 
 bring up reinforcements if he could obtain 
 them, but he returned in a short time without 
 them. The rapid and incessant fire of our men prevented the enemy from ad- 
 vancing, although they made several efforts to do so. After holding our posi- 
 tion for nearly or perhaps quite an hour, reports reached me that our am- 
 munition was being exhausted, many of the men supplying themselves from 
 the dead and wounded. About this time, I discovered that the enemy was 
 receiving reinforcements. Another double line was plainly seen advancing 
 and extending farther to our right. I sent for ammunition twice without 
 being able to obtain it, as I afterward understood it had not come up from 
 the rear. I reported that fact to General French, with the further informa- 
 tion that the enemy were pressing us, and asked for orders. He replied, 
 that he could not furnish me with ammunition, and that we should retire in as 
 good order as we could, when we had exhausted what we had. The moment 
 our fire slackened, the enemy pushed forward with at least twice our number. 
 
 GEN. E. B. TYLER. 
 
814 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 As near as I can tell, we were in position from an hour to an hour and three- 
 quarters before we were forced to retire. During this time the whole line was 
 under my eye, and I have to say that I never saw officers and men behave with 
 more bravery and coolness than did the entire command. The officers were 
 very active, and I saw many of them aiding the men by preparing their cartridge^ 
 for the guns. The field officers were passing up and down the lines, encouraging 
 their men with great spirit and coolness. 
 
 The Ninety-first Pennsylvania Volunteers was on the right and received the 
 first fire of the enemy. They are entitled to great credit for their conduct during 
 the action. Colonel Gregory received a slight woimd early in the engagement 
 and left the field, yet the men kept well at their work under Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Sinex. 
 
 The One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 Colonel O'Brien, was second in line, and no set of men could have behaved bet- 
 ter. The officers, one and all, following the example of their Colonel (who was 
 constantly on the alert), were very active, and not a man shirked his duty. The 
 One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Lieutenant-Colonel D. 
 W. Rowe, was the third in line and for earnest, spirited work it could not be 
 excelled. Colonel Rowe exhibited the true characteristics of the soldier, brave, 
 cool and determined, and this spirit was infused into every officer and soldier 
 of his command. The One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Regiment Pennsylvania 
 Volunteers was on our left, and no man ever saw cooler work on field drill than 
 was done by this regiment. Their firing was grand, by rank, by company and 
 by wings, in perfect order. 
 
 Colonel Frick's stentorian voice was heard above the roar of the musketry, 
 and, with the aid of his Lieutenant-Colonel and Major, his regiment was splen- 
 didly handled, doing its duty well. Too much credit cannot be given the officers 
 and men of this brigade ; not a single neglect came under my notice during the 
 engagement. The colors of the different regiments show that they were carried 
 well to the front, and I saw them repeatedly waved in the face of the enemy. 
 The officers of my staff. Captains Henry C. Ranney and William H. Davidson, 
 and Lieutenants James B. Diehl and Stearns E. Tyler, rendered me every assist- 
 ance in their power, under an incessant fire. 
 
 Among the officers seriously wounded I have with regret to mention J\Iajor 
 Anthony, of the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, a 
 true soldier and dutiful officer. Lieutenant-Colonels Rowe and Shaw were 
 slightly wounded, as was also Lieutenant Diehl, Aide-de-Camp. 
 
 I am very respectfully, etc., 
 
 E. B. Tyler, 
 Brigadier-General, Commanding Brigade. 
 Captain Carswell McClellan, A. A. G. 
 
 Third Division. 
 
TMDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 .BACH COMMANDING SECOND BRIGADE 
 REPORT OE P^/,^^\\^^?cSnCELLORSVILLE. 
 
 Can,p Hun,pl,r.ys, Va., Ma, 9, 1863. 
 
 V ..., from Division Headquarters, 
 Gnicm!' ^necial Orders No. "■>- rro" . j ^aken 
 
 In accordance w> h Spe-a ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ 7°e eh d^^- ^^"^^^^'"^ 
 dated May 7, 1 have the bono ^^^^ ,^^^ ^^^^^^ ,\' f e o-d in mass in 
 
 hne of battle, in the oP-j^ ^^^orders from you to >-- .^^^T^ t Jr to the 
 '" line a short t""e^ -e v ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^, ,„, F f^y hf ^^^^ .^ ^^^^^^ 
 One Hundred ^"^ Thuty ^^^^^^ ^^^^ p^^,,,,„ to t^ ^^^^ ^,^^^^k, 
 
 ,,,, - order^l^at h h,tt^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ rTrtt raiments perpendicular 
 of my hue. U"der u J^ throw the two lett r ^ ^^ ^^^ 
 
 when I received orders f om yo ^^ ^^^^^^ ^.^,^ ^^'™"^Hou This move- 
 
 to the road, and ^ V^^^^^f ^oUermg near the Chancellor Hous^ 
 ' , as to the edge of the ^ood bo ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^.Id the enemy u. heck o, g 
 
 ,,ent was explau.ed to "- ^ ^f ^,,,, and Sickles to get fy^^f.e enemy 
 \ for the Corps of Ma3or-Gen^^^ls ^ ^^ ^^^.^ . and shou d ^^^^^^ 
 
 -^ -' .%re%:"aXti:iy until I arr.ve. on t^ edge^oUh^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ 
 dvance m force, to id ,^, , ,_ „„ick to the rear, taav ^^j^. 
 
 ::r:v:r'^jrs9^ris:„s::t:e5£-t:^; 
 
 a severe fire of sl.eU. „rai. ^^^^^ ,,,j ,„ 5,ate ma ^^^^„ 
 
 „e,r .he farther edge of the «o ^^^^^ g„,„ „„ »■'«' "»™f„,i„„ dosed 
 ,„. .„e„, »"« -fj viMis .cod. and ,o,,,.ed b,,ga<l. V^^;^_^ „ ,,. ,,,. 
 
 desire Pa^^'^"^!'''^ Tvler Inspector-General, and ^lem ^^d m 
 
 seeing them executed. Colonels p 
 
 " ---S;:::^«"*"'^" o«eers a„d t.r. .ivates 
 One officer and three pn 
 
 wounded. ,. t am 
 
 j With much -spec. J^ -^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^.^dient s^rva^.. ^^^^^^ 
 
 Colonel, Commanding Second Brigade. 
 
 B.^o^.^^^-^----■%^^^^''^^:;,, Fifth Army Corps. 
 Commandmg Ihira ui 
 
FEB 2C 191 t 
 
 816 UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 
 
 Casualties. 
 
 The total losses killed and wounded at Chancellorsville in Humphreys' 
 Division, were as follows: 
 
 FIRST BRIGADE. 
 
 91st Pennsylvania Volunteers 76 
 
 126th Pennsylvania Volunteers 7" 
 
 129th Pennsylvania Volunteers 4v 
 
 134th Pennsylvania Volunteers 4 
 
 Total First Brigade 24u 
 
 SECOND BRIGADE. 
 
 123rd Pennsylvania Volunteers 
 
 131st Pennsylvania Volunteers 
 
 133rd Pennsylvania Volunteers 1, 
 
 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers ] ' 
 
 Total Second Brigade 
 
 
 I 
 
 Total casualties Humphreys" Division in Chancellorsville campaigr 
 to 277. 
 
 Division Thanked in Army Orders. 
 
 A. 
 
 Before the departure of the nine months' regiments serving in *^° '<bove 
 
 brigades for their homes. May 10, 1863, both Generals Humphrey? ...jn 
 
 Commander, and General George G. Meade, commanding the Fifth Corps, i<-.sued 
 
 addresses eulogizing in the highest terms the bravery and gallant serv" the 
 
 commands in the great battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, •■•- 
 gratulated them on the honors their deeds had won for the great State ( 
 sylvania, as well as for the cause of the American Union. 
 
UNDER THE MALTESE CROSS. 817 
 
 m visaged ^va^ has smoothed his wrinkled 
 front, 
 are 
 " bruised arms hung up for monuments; 
 *^ stern alarums turned to merry greetings. 
 And dreadful marches to delightful measures." 
 
 One copy del. to Cat. Div.