HB m w ■ MM. m m m m m m ■■■■•"■■ ;-i m Wsflmm ■Hi aass UA ■;.- Book i i* J%^>\: •.■■■■- I> O XT & 1 AS J ^| ISLE OF MAN NEW GUIDE. THE HISTORY. The position of the Island will be better understood by reference to a map of Great Britain, than by any description we can give. It is in the middle of the Irish sea, and nearly at an equal distance from the English, Scotch, and Irish coasts. It is about 30 miles in length, and above 11 in breadth, in the widest part, and diminishes almost to a point at both extremities. Its superficies has been calculated to contain upwards of 130,000 square acres, more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation. Its ety- mology is a matter of mere conjecture. It has been called Mona, Monoeda, Monabia, Eubonia, Menaw, and Mannin, which latter is retained by the natives to the present day ; and by the English it is called Mann ; but its ancient name, Mona, is frequently used; still, from whatever its name may be derived, there is nothing but conjecture to guide us. B •• - Of the time the Island was first inhabited there is no recorded history, and its external affairs seem to have been regulated by whatever nation gained the ascendancy in the surrounding seas. Hence the changes in the executive government have been as numerous as the vacillations of power amongst the surrounding nations ; yet by means of passive obe- dience, the inhabitants have always preserved their original laws and primitive forms of government, without any essential alteration. From the number of druidical relics still existing in the country, it is almost certain that the inhabitants were of the stock of ancient Britons ; but as the his- tory of those periods have been written merely from hearsay, and not from positive information, and are known to contain errors and inconsistencies, we shall not swell out this little volume with statements which are only entitled to that degree of belief which tradi- tion and oral report generally deserve. Scarcely any thing certain is known of the Island until the tenth century, when it was taken possession of by Orry, a son of the King of Denmark and Nor- way, who, having subdued the Orcades and Hebrides, fixed his residence in the Isle of Mann, and enjoyed for many years a reign of uninterrupted tranquillity. From this time it is certain there were Kings of Mann. Guttred his son built Castle Rushen in 947, as appears by an inscription bearing that date on a beam discovered by some workmen, when repairing the Castle in 1816. His remains were interred in the Castle. From the death of Guttred until the year 1094, the Island was in a very unsettled state, and exposed to the attacks of neighbouring powers, when Olave, the next in succession, being in his minority, the inhabit- ants entrusted the regency to Mac Marus, a very pious man, of great prudence, moderation, and justice, who, in 1088, laid the foundation of Rushen Abbey, and continued for a time to preserve the peace and pro- mote the prosperity of the Island ; but a conspiracy being formed against him, internal dissensions were created, and he was killed in battle, and the Island became an easy prey to Magnus, King of Norway, who governed it six years, and made wars in Anglesea and Ireland, in which latter country he was slain, and all with him. Olave II. then assumed the purple, having the King of England, Henry I. for his patron. He had forty years of a peaceful reign, founded Rushen Abbey, arranged the tithes and the affairs of the church, and was treacherously slain near Ramsey, by Reginald, one of the sons of his rebellious brother Harrold, when a sanguinary conflict ensued, and many fell on both sides. This insidious act of treachery did not long remain unpunished, as the three sons of Harrold were delivered up to condign punishment, when Reginald was executed, and his two brothers deprived of their eyes. From this period, several attempts were made to usurp the government, and intestine war raged with great fury; the defenceless inhabitants were massa- cred, their houses plundered of every thing valuable, the churches were burnt, the southern part of the Island laid waste, and the shipping at anchor under Peel Castle, set fire to. In 1252, Magnus, the third son of Olave III. was crowned by the universal consent of the people, and went over to Norway, where, after two years' attend- ance, he was declared King of the Isles, and had his title confirmed to him and his successors. Notwith- standing which, Mary, the daughter of Reginald, who was a minor, set up a claim for the kingdom, and did homage for it to Edward I. Magnus conse- crated the Abbey Church of Rushen, which had been founded 130 years before. In 1256 he visited Eng- land, in order to secure the protection and assistance of Henry II. by whom he was hospitably entertained, and from whom he received the honour of knighthood. In 1265 he died without issue, and was buried in the Abbey Church in Rushen. In 1263 the Island was deprived of that protection which it had long received from Norway, and after the death of Magnus, Alexander, King of Scotland, hav- ing subdued all the out-isles, invaded Mann with a powerful army under Alexander of Paysley, and John Comyn, and after numerous battles fought with varied success, at length achieved the conquest of it in 1270, at Ronaldsway, near Derbyhaven, in which upwards of 500 of the flower of the Manx army, with Ivar their leader, were slain, and the Island was annexed to the Scottish dominions. THE SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT. Having completely conquered the Island, Alexander governed it by his Thanes, who used their power so tyrannically and oppressively that they provoked the people to rebellio-n, and they were resolved, if possible, to throw off the Scottish yoke. In order to prevent bloodshed, the Bishop of the Island interfered and prevailed upon them to end their differences by a species of single combat of thirty men selected from each party, and a spot was accordingly fixed upon for the combat ; much valour was displayed on both sides, and the battle terminated in favour of the Scots, who killed every one of their antagonists, whilst twenty-five of their warriors shared the same fate. After this the King of Scotland sent over governor* of greater moderation. During the dispute between Bruce and Baliol for the Scottish Crown, the Island was, for a time, again under the protection of Edward I. having been surrendered by Scottish Commissioners to that Monarch in 1289, who restored it the following year to John Baliol. On the death of Edward in 1307, Edward II. seized it, who granted it in one year to three favourites, Piers de Gaveston, Gilbert de Mac Gaskell, and Henricus de Bellemonte. In the sixth year of this King's reign, it was claimed by Simon de Monte Acuto Militi, on the strength of a deed of gift by "Aufrica de Connaght, heres terra de Mann;*' but with little success, for it appears that King Robert Bruce sat down before Rushen with a large army in 1313, and in the course of six months reduced it and the whole Island. In 1316 it was granted to Thomas Randolph Earl of Moray, during whose government the Island was over-run for a month by Richard Mandeville and a numerous body of Irish. THE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT. In the reign of Edward III. Sir Wm. Montacute^ an English Knight, who had married Mary, the daughter of Reginald, being; assisted by that king with ships and men, attacked the Scots, gained pos- session of the Island, and was crowned King of Mann in the year 1344 ; and, to the great joy of the natives, restored the ancient government in its right line. In prosecuting his claim to the Island, Sir Wm. Montacute had contracted so large a debt that he was obliged to mortgage it to Anthony Beck, Bishop of Durham, for seven years. It subsequently reverted to William de Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, who sold it in 1395 to Sir William Scrope, who became after- wards Earl of Wiltshire, and was beheaded by King Henry IV., who conferred the Island upon Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, who rebelling against his Sovereign, it was seized for the King's use by Sir Wm. and Sir John Stanley, to the latter of whom it was granted for one year, and subsequently to him and his heirs for ever, in as full and ample a manner as it ever had been granted, to be held of the Crown of England, " per homagium legem," paying to the king, his heirs and successors, a cast of falcons at the coronation. Hence John became King of Mann, and soon after married the heiress of Latham and Knowsley, and was made Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. He died in 1413, and was succeeded by his son, Sir John Stanley. From some records which appear to have been kept about this time, the House of Stanley began their sovereignty by taking measures calculated to settle the laws and the executive government, and to grant the deserted lands under favourable copy-hold tenures, to tenants, so as to induce them to cultivate and improve them ; the country being in a deserted and desolate state from the civil discord, frequent wars, and changes of masters it had undergone since the downfai of the Norwegian power; at this period fishing, and predatory warfare, appear to have been the principal pursuits of the inhabitants. Previous to this period the laws were not a written letter, but dispensed by the Lord and the Deemsters, or Judges of the Island, and by the House of Keys or Parliament, then called " Taxiaxe," by a law of hereditary equity, denominated "Breast Law," w 7 hich was doubtless the Druidical form of dispensing justice. The Lords and Kings of the Island of the Stanley family, made frequent visits to the Island, but chiefly governed it by Lieutenants, who occupied Castle Rushen and Peel Castle with garrisons. From their accession the Island enjoyed an uninterrupted succes- sion of peace under the protection of England, until that country itself became involved in civil w r ar. The second Sir John Stanley died in 1443, and was suc- ceeded by Thomas, his son, who was created a Baron, and died in 1460. Thomas, his son, succeeded him, and was created Earl of Derby the same year, for having joined Henry VII. with his forces at Bos- w^orth Field. Thomas, the second Earl of Derby, resigned the regal title of Mann, and contented him- self with that of Lord only, he died in 1522. Edw T ard, his son, the third Earl, was a favourite with King Henry the Eighth. He was wealthy and munificent, but does not appear to have done anything calculated to confer a lasting benefit on the country. He died in 1572. Henry, his son, the fourth Earl, was a man of learning and genius, beyond which w T e have nothing to record. He died in 1594, leaving two sons, Ferdinand and William, who in succession became Lords of Mann. Ferdinand died by poison. The title of William was disputed, but he obtained a new grant from James the First. He, however, resigned his dignities to his son in 1637. That son was James, commonly called the great Earl of Derby. He became deeply implicated in the civil war in England, on the part of the Crown, in which also the Island in a great measure participated. During the whole of the Parliamentary w T ar the Island re- mained steadily attached to the interests of the king 5 and was one of the last places that yielded to the usurped authority of Cromwell. General Ireton, on behalf of the Parliament, offered to the Earl the full re-possession of all his estates in England, upon condition of his surrendering the Isle of Mann ; but the Earl, in a most spirited reply, rejected the offer with indignation, and declared his determination to hang any future messenger who should be sent with similar proposals. After the relief of Latham House and the battle of Bolton, the Earl returned to the Isle of Mann, where he resided till 1651, taking care of the interest of his cause. In that year he again raised a force, and proceeded to England, where he was defeated at Worcester, was taken prisoner by 9 Colonel Edgar, and beheaded at Bolton-le- Moors, October W, 1651. After the death of the Earl, the Heroine Countess of Derby, who was then in Castle Rushen, defended the Island for the king with as much pertinacity as she had done Latham House. But Wm. Christian, Esq. deputy-governor and receiver - general at the castle, notwithstanding the considerable force he had at his command, and contrary to the express orders of the Countess, delivered it rip to the forces of the Parliament, and she was obliged to fly with her family and submit to great privations. For this cowardly and treacherous act of Christian, the end- less reproaches of the royalists have been heaped upon him. It was cowardly in him to surrender, and he justly merited the sentence that was subsequently passed upon him. During the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell, the Parliament bestowed the Island on Lord Fairfax, who held it by his Governors till 1661, in which year, after the restoration of King Charles II, Charles Lord Derby, son of Lord James, was re-instated in his rights. The principal event of his sovereignty, was the trial of Christian for treason committed against his family, for delivering up the Island without resistance. He was found guilty and shot at Hango Hill in January, 1662. He is said to have died penitently, but very coolly and courageously. At the place of execution, the soldiers wished to bind him to the spot on which he stood, to which he objected, saying, ** Trouble not yourselves nor me, for 1 that have faced death in whatever form it has come, will not start at 10 your fire and bullets;" and with the utmost composure, pinned to his breast a sheet of white paper, adding, "Hit this, and you do your own and my work." The following day he was buried in the chancel of Kirk Malew. Manxmen to this day consider him to have been a martyr, who was arbitrarily condemned. There are several Manx ballads still popular on this subject, in all of which " Illiam Dhone," or " Brown William' ' has ascribed to him all that is amiable, patriotic, and good. Soon after this period, Bishop Barrow founded several charitable institutions in the Island, the first of the kind that occur on record, excepting grants to the Church. Earl Charles died in 1672, and was succeeded by his son William, who was no courtier, and took little interest in his Manx domains, and dying without issue in 1703, he was succeeded by his brother James, at which time the Lordship of Mann was in a state rapidly approaching to destruc- tion, the leases, which had been granted for three lives, having nearly expired, and no provision having been made relative to the removal ; the neglect of Agriculture, therefore, had become so general, that seasons of scarcity, almost approaching to famine, had occurred ; the people being wholly given to fishing, or engaged in a contraband trade. The learned and pious Bishop Wilson, who had been promoted to the See in the year 1696, pointed out the injurious system that had been pursued, and then prevailed, and his strenuous efforts being seconded by a firm and powerful remonstrance from the Manx Legislature, it produced conviction in the mind of 11 His Lordship, who granted in 1703, that act of Settlement which is very properly called the Manx Magna Charta, and which may be very justly con- sidered one of the most important occurrences in the Civil History of the Island, as by it the Lessees of estates were finally established in possession of them, and their descent assigned in perpetuity on the payment of certain fines, rents, and duties to the Lords. For, before this act, although they had been in possession of their lands from time imme- morial, they were considered little better than tenants at will, holding under a species of vassalage, there being no statutes declaratory of the settled mode of descent. Of the two prelates mentioned above, a short, but faint sketch of their pious lives, and the benefits they conferred upon the Island, will be found in our account of the Ecclesiastical History. Earl William died childless in 1736, when the Lordship of Mann devolved, by the female line, on James Murray, first Duke of Athol, in right of his mother, Amelia Sophia, daughter of James, the great Earl of Derby, in whose line it continued until sold to the British Crown. Soon after his accession, the Duke visited his new sovereignty, attended by a numerous suite of gentle- men, and he and his successors exerted themselves in enacting new law T s, to keep pace with the growing improvements and increased wants of the people. Though the Island had been so long under the 'protection of the Kings of England as Lords Para- mount, they had never interfered with the administra- tion of its internal government. The sovereign rights 12 of the Kings and Lords of Mann had been exercised in their own little country, without control; they levied customs, coined money, raised soldiers, regu- lated the executive, and were entitled to all the ensigns of royalty, as if they had been entirely inde- pendent. In consequence of these privileges of an independent state, the Island had become an exten- sive depot for foreign goods, which, at convenient seasons, were smuggled into England, to the great detriment of the revenue of Great Britain. In order to put an end to that contraband trade, an act of par- liament was passed in 1726, authorising the Duke to sell the royalties and revenues of the Island, but the offers made by the government were always evaded by the Duke. On the decease of the Duke, without male issue, bis only daughter Charlotte, Baroness Strange, who was married to her cousin James, the heir to the Dukedom of Athol, conveyed the Lordship to him, when proposals from government were renewed, and in the year 1765, the sovereignty of the Island, toge- ther with all civil patronage, and the two fortresses of Peel and Rushen, were disposed of for £70,000, which was paid, and the sale ratified by an act of parliament. This deed of the Duke caused much alarm, and occasioned prognostications of ruin amongst all classes on the Island. The Duke reserved his title of Lord of Mann, all his manorial rights, the patronage of the bishopric, and the parochial livings, and also all mines, minerals, and other privileges which were considered as not interfering with the object government had in view, 13 namely, putting a check to the contraband trade. — Commissioners were sent over to examine and report upon the actual state of the Island, and enactments were passed to regulate its trade and revenue. After this act, which has been called the Act of Revestment, the Island became more closely allied to the parent country, and notwithstanding the alarm and dissatisfaction which the sale occasioned amongst the Manx people, the prosperity of the country has pro- gressively advanced; the form of government has ex- perienced no material change, and the legislature has gone on, uninterruptedly, in providing enactments to protect the peace, and improve the laws and institu- tions of the Island. In consequence of the British government claiming more than the Duke intended by the treaty to grant, a misunderstanding arose, when a further sum of £2000 per annum was settled upon him during his life, and that of the Duchess. On the ground of inadequate compensation, their son John presented petitions to parliament for a fur- ther grant, and obtained, after repeated refusals, one- fourth of the net revenue of the Island, and was ap- pointed Governor- General in 1798, at which time he was a member of his Majesty's Privy Council, and possessed considerable interest at court. In endea- vouring to arrange the dilapidated interests of his family in the Island, his Grace experienced consider- able opposition from the natives, who strenuously and effectually resisted his measures upon several occa- sions, as calculated to interfere with their interests ; and he became exceedingly unpopular. 14 In 1825, an act was passed authorising the Lords *>f the Treasury to treat with the Duke for the pur- chase q£ his remaining interests in the royalty and revenue of the Island, and, after several years of nego- ciation, the valuation was left to arbitrators appointed by both parties, who in the year 1829 awarded to him the sum of ^6430,000, and her most gracious Majesty is now the sole guardian of our ancient laws and con- stitution ; and this once little barren spot has, through the regard its rulers have had to law and justice, and through the people's observance of true religion and primitive integrity, become a fertile and flourishing Island, with the most cheering prospects of a still more rapid increase of prosperity ; so that we may hope that that happy state of things which has com- bined to promote the welfare of the inhabitants in so marked a manner, may be continued, not only un- touched, but doubly and trebly secured to us. After having been Governor of this Island 56 years, the Duke died at Dunkeld in 1830, in the 76th year of his age. We shall now proceed to give a general outline of its ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, Of which little is known until after the Norwegian conquest, except that it was supplied by a succession of Bishops, as the ancient records were taken to Nor- way, where, it is said^ they were destroyed by fire : our present records commence in the beginning of the 15th Century, All ecclesiastical writers, however, of any credit, and the most ancient and authentic tradi- 15 tfbns, agree that St. Patrick was the first who planted the Christian religion in the Island, from whose time there has been a succession of Bishops ; yet as it was not certainly known who they were, or in what order they sate, we shall pass them over, and notice those only whose actions have rendered them worthy of record. The first of these is Dr. Isaac Barrow, who was appointed to the See in 1663. He was an eminently pious man, and the first and greatest benefactor of the clergy of his See, who at that period were exceedingly poor. He used his interest so effectually with his Majesty King Charles the Second, that he obtained a grant of £100 per annum, payable out of the excise for ever, for the better maintenance of the poor vicars and school- masters of his diocese. He also raised a subscription amongst the English nobility and gentry, which enabled him to purchase the impropriate tithes of the Island from Charles Earl of Derby, and added two estates of his own, which he placed under the man- agement of trustees, who have been enabled with assistance to erect a College near Castletown, which was founded in 1830 by the Hon. Cornelius Smelt, then Lieutenant-Governor, the Bishop of the diocese, and the other trustees, and which his late gracious Majesty King William IV. was pleased to permit to bear his name. It is an elegant and very fine builds ing, and forms a spacious cruciform structure, 210 feet in length from east to west, and 135 feet from north to south ; from the intersection rises an embattled tower, 115 feet high, strengthened with buttresses, surmounted by an octagonal lantern turret, intended 16 for an observatory, having in each of its faces an elegant lofty window, and crowned with a parapet. There is also a public lecture room, a large hall for a library, four large class rooms, and houses for the masters, containing numerous apartments for the ac- commodation of pupils, and every requisite arrange- ment for the purposes of the institution. The Principal and other masters must be members of the Church of England, and graduates of the Universities. The masters are allowed to receive pupils as boarders. The College was opened in 1833. The pupils are numerous. His Excellency the Governor, the Lord Bishop, and the i\ttorney- General have each founded prizes, to be contended for at midsummer. A chapel is annexed to the College, and two full services are performed in it every Sunday. The public are ad- mitted, and enjoy ample accommodation of free seats. Thus the pious intentions of the worthy prelate have heen fulfilled, after an interval of nearly two centuries. The name and good deeds, therefore, of that excel- lent prelate, will be remembered with gratitude, so long as any sense of piety remains. Dr. Barrow held the bishopric for only a few years, and was promoted to the see of St. Asaph. During Bishop Barrow's time, the people called Quakers, though very few in number on the Island, suffered some severe measure in common with the sectarian non-conformists throughout the empire. — They have never since attempted to form a society in the Island, and the only memorial extant of their having existed as a distinct body, is their burial-place in the parish of Maughold, called the " Rolick ny Quakeryn." 17 Bishop Barrow was succeeded by Dr. Henry Bridgeman, who was succeeded by Dr. John Lake ; after him followed Dr. Baptist Livinz, who died in 1693, and the see remained vacant five years, when, In 1698, that great prelate, that learned doctor, and holy confessor, Bishop Wilson, whose "praise is in all the churches," was consecrated. Whether we consider him in his study, in his family, in the cot- tage of the poor, in his pulpit, in his high episcopal ministrations, in the synod of his diocese, in the court of England, or in prison, he was, in all, the same admirable man. On his arrival, he beheld a people depressed by poverty and neglect, and with whose language he was unacquainted ; his residence at Bishop's Court was in ruin, the churches throughout his diocese were in a dilapidated state, and the prin- ciples of the inhabitants greatly debased by illicit traffic. Although the revenue of the bishopric did not exceed £300, by frugality arid economy he ac- complished much ; he rebuilt his house at Kirk Michael, and repaired the churches. In summing up the character of this truly great man, said one of his biographers, " every part of his life affords a display of the most genuine charity and benevolence. Whether we consider him as a son, a husband, a parent, a master, or a Bishop, we shall find few equal — no one superior to him. Hs had studied, an4 he practised physic with success. For some t\w& after he settled, he Was the only physician on ifi® Island; keeping a shop of drugs for general m&# which h& distributed, as well as his advice, gralk; foul wkefr somef gentlemen of the iaeukj @mm &&- 18 settle on the Island, he gave up to them that part of his practice which could alone conduce to their emo- lument — attendance on the rich — the poor he kept always to himself. He was so charitable, that it was not unaptly observed by a gentleman who knew him well, that i he kept beggars from every body's door but his own/ He was the divine, the scholar, and the gentleman. He was so fond of his flock, and so attached to his diocese, that no temptation could seduce him from their service, no bribe could remove him. Fie had been frequently offered an English Bishoprick, but he always declared that he w T ould not leave his wife in his old age, because she was poor." Some instances of his zeal involved him in difficulties, which, though well meant, perhaps, ex- ceeded the proper limits; a copy of the "Independent Whig," a publication which he considered subversive of the discipline of the established church, having been sent as a present to the public Library of the Island, the Bishop ordered it to be seized, for which the Governor committed the man to prison, who was not liberated until an unpleasant altercation had taken place. Soon after this a more serious difference between the civil and ecclesiastical head was the result of the Bishop's excluding from the communion of the Church the wife of the Governor, on account of an act of defamation, for which she refused to ask pardon of the injured party. The Governor's Chaplain hav- ing, by his own authority, admitted her to the com- munion, the Bishop suspended him for disobedience ; upon which the Governor, conceiving he had acted 19 illegally, laid a fine upon him and his two Vicars General. On their refusal of payment, they were committed close prisoners to Castle Rushen, where they lay nine weeks, till the Bishop, by petition to the Council in England, obtained the release of him- self and his companions ; and the Council afterwards reversed all proceedings. So much was the Bishop beloved in the Island, that his arrest was likely to have occasioned a serious tumult, had he not pacified the people by an address from the Castle wall, and he afterwards declined prosecuting the Governor, for damages. By living a righteous and godly life, this excellent divine attained the 93d year of his age and the 58th of his consecration, and expired on the 7th March, 1755, dying as he lived, praising God in Psalms, and detached sentences of the Te Deum, and was interred at the east end of Kirk Michael churchyard; over his grave is placed a small marble monument, sur- rounded with iron rails, through which may be read the following too modest inscription : SLEPING IN JESUS, HERE LYETH THE BODY OF THOMAS WILSON, D . D . LORD BISHOP OF THIS ISLE, Who died March the 7th, 1755, aged 93, and in the Fifty- eighth Year of his Consecration. THIS MONUMENT WAS ERECTED BY HIS SON, THOMAS WILSON, D. D. A NATIVE OF THIS PARISH, Who, in Obedience to the express Commands of his Father, declines giving him the Character he so justly deserved* LET THIS ISLAND SPEAK THE REST. 20 " And so it will ¥■ says the before-quoted biographer. " When turning to the stranger, or their children, the grateful Manksman will relate a tale of the wondrous goodness of their dear, their much-beloved, much- lamented Bishop. Telling them, (and witnesses they were) whose hunger he had satisfied ; to whose thirst he had given drink ; what strangers he had relieved ; whose nakedness he hud clothed ; whose sickness he had administered to ; and what prisoners he had visited. The widow, comforted by his bounty, with her lisping orphans, shall declare the praises of their pious benefactor. And perhaps some faithful minister of the Gospel may conclude the story, by saying that he was a Bishop 6 blameless as the steward of God ; not self-willed, not soon angry, not given to wine, no striker, not given to filthy lucre; but a lover of hos- pitality, a lover of good men, sober, just, holy, tem- perate; holding fast the faithful word as he had been taught; and that he was able by sound doctrine, both to exhort and to convince the gain-sayers.' " Bishop Wilson was succeeded by Dr. Mark Hil- desley, Vicar of Hitchin, in Hertfortshire, and when he came to the See he found that Church which, fifty years before, the then Governor of the Island had described as " fast falling into ruins," rebuilt and beautified, her breaches healed, and her discipline reformed ; so that nothing was left for him but to preserve and strengthen those things which he found. He made it the great and invariable rule of his con- duct to tread as nearly as possible in the steps of his excellent predecessor. On his coming to the diocese fee undertook the arduous task of getting the Scrip- 21 lures translated and printed in the Manx language ; a work which had heen begun by Bishop Wilson, and which he completed by distributing it among twenty-four of his clergy skilled in the Manx lan- guage ; with the assistance of the Society for Pro- moting Christian Knowledge, and many persons of eminence and distinction. At first he only printed the New Testament, the Common Prayer, the Christian Monitor, Lewis's Catechism, and Bishop Wilson's Form of Prayer for the Herring Fishery ; but the benefactions coming in beyond his expect- ations, he was encouraged to set on foot a translation of the Old Testament entire, which, with the assist- ance of his clergy, he also happily accomplished. The clergy of the Island were particularly active in this good work, apportioning out their several parts, which they finished with zeal and judgment. Bishop Hildesley had this work so much at heart, that he often said, " He only wished to live to see it finished, and then he should be happy, die when he would." He recieved the last part of the Bible on Saturday, the 28th of November, 1772, and emphatically sung his Nunc Dimiitis in the presence of his family; and next day, in the evening, •after family prayers^, he preached a lecture on the uncer- tainty of human life, how many instances were constantly happening in which people were deprived of their senses in a moment : Thus, in a prophetic manner, foretelling his own death ; for on Monday, after dining cheerfully at Bishop's-Court with his family and one of his clergy, he was seized with a stroke of the palsy, which in a moment deprived him. 22 of his senses, and in this situation he remained til! the Monday following, when he died. According to his own desire he was buried as near his predecessor as could be, wishing to be united in death with that man, whose example he had endeavoured to imitate while living. To him succeeded Bishops Richmond and Mason, the latter of whom, aided and assisted by voluntary subscriptions, erected St. George's Chapel in this town; he died in 1784, and was followed by Dr. C. Crigan, who filled the See for thirty years, during which time considerable strife existed between the House of Athol and the inhabitants, in consequence of the former frequently insisting upon some fresh impost which the people would not submit to. In these contentions Dr. Crigan took no part ; he died in 1813, when the Duke of Athol conferred the Bishoprick on his nephew, the Hon. Dr. George Murray; who became extremely unpopular in con- sequence of his endeavouring to collect the tithe on potatoes, and all the green crops on the Island. In resorting to this apparently harsh measure, in which he was legally justified, his lordship was charged with a desire to deprive the lower class of their principal staff of life 5 from selfish and interested motives, and much confusion and dissatisfaction, was thereby created. The Bishop, however, was stimulated by the best and purest feelings of the human mind j he saw that the incomes of the clergy, at that time did not equal the wages he was paying to his upper domestics, and that they were totally inadequate to the support and maintenance of their families ; he 23 felt, therefore, an anxious desire to render them more comfortable, and to place them in an independent station in society ; and his conduct and actions during the whole period of his episcopacy, clearly demon- strated that he was not actuated by mercenary motives. The passions of the people, however, were inflamed, and by a portion of the insular press they were incited to such a degree, that tumults and threats prevailed throughout the Island, and the assemblages of the people were so numerous and powerful, that the regular troops in the Island were unable to control them, and the disturbances and conflagrations which ensued, induced the Bishop to relinquish his claim. The British government, in order to pacify the Island, which had become much disturbed in con- sequence of this attempt, translated him to the See of Rochester. Although he rendered himself unpopular by press- ing too severely upon the poor for tithe, it is but justice to say the Church of Mann is much indebted to him, inasmuch as he purified the Ministry of several priests whose lives had been a scandal to their holy order, and to the Church in which they served ; this he did, by suspending some, and degrading others. He was a high churchman in every sense of the word, but exercised none of its authority against dissent. — On his translation to Rochester Dr. William Ward succeeded to the See. This was the first appointment by the Crown since the whole of the rights of the Island had been annexed to the British empire. This Divine did much during the nine years of bis Episcopate, to benefit his 24 diocese. He distinguished himself by the exertions which he made for the maintenance and elevation of his church, by endeavouring to remedy the defects in the incomes and education of the clergy, whom he w r as anxious to place on a footing of competence and comfort; and in the number and state of the churches which were in a most ruinous and dilapidated condition. He had recourse to English charity, and succeeded in raising funds sufficient for the building and re-building ten new churches and chapels, and obtained from Earl de Gray, a floating Chapel, which is regularly filled with mariners, who would enjoy no other means of attending divine service. When in 1837 the British Parliament suppressed the See, and annexed it to that of Carlisle, Bishop Ward used his utmost endeavours to get the Bishoprick restored. By his strong remonstrances to the govern- ment, — by the memorials of the clergy, — by the petitions of the inhabitants, — and by the exertions of the friends of the church throughout the empire, that part of the act which related to the Isle of Mann, was repealed, and the See was preserved. In a memorial to the commissioners, his lordship concluded with this strong, forcible, and energetic appeal : — " I will never cease to repeat the warning with the greater earnestness, as the approach of my death hastens the accomplishment of this measure. To avert this threatened calamity from my church, I am prepared to make any sacrifice ; for I believe most solemnly, that in a very few years after the removal of the Bishop, tha name only of a church will be left to her ; and her empty walls will stand as sad memorials 25 of an arrangement, needless and uncalled-for in itself, burdensome to Carlisle, and destructive to her own test interests/' The appeal of the clergy of the Island for the pre- servation of the See was equally forcible and ener- getic. "A diocese,'* they say, " which filled the hands of an apostolic Wilson, cannot reasonably be deemed too small, especially when its population is more than doubled since his day ; the duties of that diocese could not with propriety and adequacy be dis- charged by the Archdeacon ; and as to enriching its parochial Clergy by the spoils of their Bishoprick, your Petitioners dislike the principle, and dread the example; they affect not indeed to conceal that the vicars of the diocese are in straitened, in very strait- ened, in lamentably straitened circumstances, from which they humbly solicit, and would gratefully ac- cept, honourable relief; but they disclaim a wish to procure temporal advantage at the expense of spirit- ual loss."* Bishop Ward died in 1838, when Dr. James Bow- stead succeeded him, and held the See but a very short period, being translated to that of Lichfield, when it was conferred upon our present Bishop, * A very interesting little work, detailing the whole of the Bishop's proceeding", and containing copies of all the memorials, petitions, and protests from the clergy and laity, to avert the threatened calamity, collected with much care and industry, has been published by the Rev. Wm. Perceval Ward, M.A. the late Bishop's son. It contains much valnable information, and may be obtained at the publisher's of this guide. D 26 whose first act was nobly and generously to relinquish the surplus revenue of the See in favour of the poor clergy. Dr. Pepys took possession of the Bishoprick in April, 1840. In 1839 an act was passed by the Insular Legis- lature, to commute the tithes of the Island for £5050, which is thus apportioned amongst the clergy : To the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Mann . . . . £1515 To the Vicar of the Parish of Patrick 141 8 To the Vicar of the Parish of German 141 8 To the Vicar of the Parish of Marown 141 8 To the Vicar of the Parish of Michael 141 8 To the Rector of the Parish of Ballaugh . . . . 303 To the Vicar of the Parish of Jurby 141 8 To the Rector of the Parish of Andreas 707 To the Chaplain of a Chapel of Ease in the said Parish of Andreas 101 To the Rector of the Parish of Bride 303 To the Vicar of the Parish of Lezayre 141 8 To the Vicar of the Parish of Maughold 141 8 To the Vicar of the Parish of Lonan 141 8 To the Vicar of the Parish of Conchan 141 8 To the Vicar of the Parish of Braddan 141 8 To the Vicar of the Parish of Santon 141 8 To the Vicar of the Parish of Malew 141 8 To the Vicar of the Parish of Arbory 141 8 To the Vicar of the Parish of Rushed 141 8 To the Trustees nominated in conveyance of the Impropriate Tithes of Michael, made by Dr. Thomas Wilson, for the benefit of clergymen's widows 141 8 These sums are independent of the lands attached to the See, the yearly rental of which is about £500, and the glebes belonging to the vicarages. 27 In the Island there are twelve chapels of Ease 9 besides the seventeen parish churches and the Mariners' chapel, and the services of the church are not more solemnly performed, or so strictly in conformity with the rubric, in any diocese in England. In most country churches the service is performed alternately, in Manx and English, and it is truly gratifying to witness the devotion that is paid, and the respect which is shewn to the clergyman and every part of his family. Dissenting chapels are scattered over the Island in every direction, and they are generally well frequented. In no part of the world is religious toleration better established ; — no licence is required either for the preacher, or the place in which he ministers, and liberty of conscience is enjoyed by all ; and the best understanding prevails amongst the inhabitants what- ever their religious creeds and tenets may be. CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. When the Island was an independent feudal sove- reignty, under the Earls of Derby and Dukes of Athol, the government was administered by their officers, sent over expressly for that purpose, who acted according to the directions of the Lord for the time being. Since 1829, when it became the pro- perty of the Crown, there has been no Govemor-in- Chief. The present Lieutenant-Governor, Colonel John Ready, is the representative of her Majesty 9 and is vested with the same power as was held by any former Governor-in-chief, He is Captain-Ge- 28 neral of what military there may be upon the Island ; is judge in the Courts of Chancery and Exchequer, and president of the Courts of Common Law. The Council advise and assist him in legislation, and the administration of justice ; they consist of the Lord Rishop of the Diocese Rt. Rev. H. Pepys, D.D. Attorney-General James Clark, Esq. Northern Deemster John Christian, Esq. Southern Deemster John J. Heywood, Esq. Receiver-General & Water Bailiff, George Quirk, Esq. Clerk of the Rolls John M'Hutchin, Esq. Archdeacon Rev. Cecil Hall. Vicars General I T ' A ' Corlett ' Es ^ Vicars-uenerat . . -j. Rey p B Hartwelh These constitute the upper branch of the legislature. THE HOUSE OF KEYS constitute the lower branch of the Legislature, and consist of twenty-four of the most respectable gentle- men in the Island, one of whom is chosen Speaker or President. They join the Council in making all new laws, and in settling and determining the meaning of all the difficult ancient ones. It is supposed they were first called Keys, from their unlocking, or solv- ing the difficulties of the law. They were originally called " Taociaxi." The body is certainly self-elect- ed, a veto however being possessed by the Governor. On a vacancy occurring by death or resignation, two gentlemen are nominated by the remaining twenty- three, of whom the Governor selects one. This body have always possessed the confidence of a majority of the people, and, though self-elected, which has been the mode pursued since the year 1430, seem never to, 29 have abused their power. If any " discontent" were manifested by the majority of the people, or if the Governor considered it necessary for the 'real interest* of the Island, there can be no doubt that the Tynwald Court could, with her Majesty's consent, call another assembly, as was done many centuries ago ; but there is no necessity for disturbing the present legislative body. No ' discontent' of any magnitude has been observed amongst the people. It would be strange indeed, if in these revolutionary times a few Radicals should not obtrude themselves into our peaceful com- munity, and disseminate their pernicious principles, but they are few and powerless. Some petitions, privately and clandestinely procured, have been pre- sented to the Governor, and we believe forwarded to the Home Secretary, but they were too insignificant to carry weight, as it is the opinion of the most en- lightened inhabitants of the Island that the Constitu- tion is particularly good, and more likely to be injured than improved by change. The excellence of our laws, and the impartiality of their administration make the poorest man feel that his interests are fully repre- sented and carefully guarded. As no people are more blessed, so none are more happy and content, than the Manx under their venerable laws, and simple primitive constitution. Universal suffrage — vote by ballot — annual, triennial, or septennial parliaments, are terms scarcely ever heard amongst us ; and Heaven defend us from ever knowing them. Our flourishing and orderly state was well and truly described by a traveller on the Continent, a few years since;— " I have lately been visiting/* said he, u the Isle of 30 Mann, and I found there what I did not believe ex- isted — a legislature governing wholly and solely for the public good, a people desiring nothing less than to send members to parliament, and a Bishop happy in his freedom from the House of Lords." The services of the Keys are entirely gratuitous ; the office is attended with much trouble, loss of time, and heavy expense, unaccompanied with either power, patronage, or emolument. An appeal from their de- cision must be to the Queen in Council. The mem- bers at the present time are General Goldie Nunnery. John Moore The Hills: John C. Crellin Castletown ■ Caesar Tobin Middle. William Farrant Ballamoar. John Teare Glentrammon . John Goldie Taubraan London. Edward Moore Gawne Kentraugh. William Watson Christian Douglas. John Kneale Regaby. Thomas Moore Crescent Cottage. •Thomas Carran P«el. Edward Forbes Thornton. Colonel Murray Mount Murray. John Kelly Castletown. William Hinds Crowville. John Quayle Castletown. J. Anderson Cooley Lodge. William Christian Claughbane. Philip Garrett Douglas. William Kinley . Peel. John Bridson Ballavarvane. Francis Matthews Douglas. George William Dumbell Belmont. 31 The civil magistrates next in authority, are THE DEEMSTERS, or judges of the land ; these have generally been two, and divide the Island into two districts, one taking the southern, the other the northern part. They are stiled in the ancient court rolls " Justiciarii Domini Regis." They are appointed by the Crown at a salary of £800 each, per annum. Their courts are held alternately, at Douglas and Castletown, by the southern, and at Ramsey and Peel, or Kirk Michael, by the northern Deemster. To them every depart- ment of the Legislature and Government look for advice in all difficult parts of law. They take cognizance in a summary manner of all breaches of the peace, and can hold courts insianter on all criminal informations. Appeals from their decision can be made to the Governor in Council, styled the Staff of Government. The present Deemsters are, John Christian, Esq Northern District. John Joseph Hey wood, Esq.. Southern District. THE COURTS. The principal Courts are Tynwald — Chancery — Exchequer — Common Law — General Gaol Delivery — Admiralty — Deemsters — High Bailiffs — and the Ecclesiastical, viz. Consistory and Vicars- General. THE CHANCERY COURT. The Governor, as Representative of her Majesty presides in this Court, which, in matters of civil property, has the most extensive jurisdiction of all 32 the Courts in this Island, and is both a Court of law and of equity. He is assisted by the Deemsters, the Attorney- General, the Clerk of the Rolls, and the Admiralty judge. The Court is held at Castletown, the first Thursday in every Month. Its powers are similar to the English Court of Chancery, the pro* ceedings being conducted without the intervention of a jury. On the equity side the proceedings are carried on by bill and answer, as in the English Court. THE EXCHEQUER COURT. Here also the Governor presides, and determines all matters connected with the revenue, and right to tithes. Proceedings are here carried on for the re- covery of all penalties, or for forfeitures due to the Crown, incurred by frauds upon the Customs. An appeal from this Court, as also the Court of Chancery, lies to her Majesty in Council. THE COMMON LAW COURT is held at Castletown four times a-year. It takes cognizance of all actions that require to be determined by a jury, composed of respectable individuals from the different sheadings, from whose verdict an appeal lies to the House of Keys, who possess the power of affirming, reversing, or altering a verdict at Common Law ; subject to appeal to her Majesty in Council. THE GENERAL GAOL DELIVERY COURT consists of the Governor and his Council, and is held twice a-year for the trial of prisoners charged wit!* 33 felonies, or other offences against the laws. Formerly the Keys used to form a part of this Court, but their right having been questioned, some time since, by the then Governor-in-Chief, — the late Duke of Athol, — the Keys failed in establishing their claim, and it has since been abrogated, and the Keys no longer form a component part of the court. Formerly it was held in the open air, and after the proceedings were gone through, and the jury were about to return their verdict, one of the Deemsters demanded of the foreman, in the Manx language " Vod fir charree soie?" in- English: — "may he who ministers at the altar continue to sit?" or "whether such of the Council as are Ecclesiastics could remain in Court or not?" and if the foreman of the jury gave for answer, they could not, then the clergy withdrew : the reason being, that such a reply was the forerunner of a ver- dict implying a sentence of death — the form is still observed. No sentence in this Court, in case of treason, murder, or other capital offence, is ever carried into effect until the Royal assent be obtained. THE HIGH BAILIFFS' COURTS are held every Saturday, in the towns of Douglas, Castletown, Ramsey, and Peel, for the recovery of debts under 40s. Manx. The proceedings are similar to the Courts of Request in England. A High- Bailiff is appointed by the Governor, and holds his office during his Excellency's pleasure. He is conservator of the peace, and superintendent of police in his district* They are John Kelly. . . . Castletown. James Quirk Douglas, Richard Harrison. ... Peel. Frederick Tellett.. Ramsev* 34 THE ADMIRALTY COURT. The Water Bailiff, or High Admiral, is sole judge in this court, which is held every Saturday, at Castle- town. It takes cognizance of all matters connected with maritime affairs, and of ail offences committed against the laws within three miles of the Manx shore. The herring fishery, and the boats employed in it, are under his charge, and he is empowered to redress wrongs, and enforce the regulations of the fishery. He has also civil jurisdiction in questions of salvage. From his judgment, an appeal lies to the staff of government, and thence to her Majesty in Council. The office is held by George Quirk, Esq. , Castletown . THE ECCLESIASTICAL COURTS are the Consistorial Court, in which the Bishop presides, or one or both of his Vicars-general, and Episcopal Registrar. It takes cognizance of all matters relating to wills, administrations, minors, alimony, &c. The Vicar's-general Court takes cognizance of all offences against good morals and religion, and the interests of the Church. The Chapter or Circuit Courts are held by the Bishop or Archdeacon, for regulating all mat- ters connected with the See, the internal arrangements of the various churches, and the general affairs of the Diocese. THE SENESCHAL'S OFFICE. The Seneschal of the Lord of the Isle has his office in Douglas, which is an office of record, or deposit of all deeds of sale, mortgage or transfer of real property. 35 The Lord's Seneschal holds a circuit of Baronial Courts twice a-year, in the four towns, and at Kirk Michael, for the entry of sales, and transfer of pro- perty, and for the regulation of fines and quit rents of lands due to the Lord. The present Seneschal is James Quirk, Esq Douglas. THE ROLLS OFFICE in Castle Rushen, is also an office of record, con- nected with the Court of Tynwald, the Chancery Court, and the general affairs of Government. In it are deposited all the statutes and judgments of the Legislature, and all public deeds and examinations relating to the general affairs of the country. The Clerk of the Rolls is John M'Hutchin, Esq Castletown. THE TYNWALD COURT is one of legislation, consisting of the Governor and Council and the Keys. It is called the Tynwald from the Danish word " Ting," that is Forum Judiciale, " a court of Justice," and " wald," that is " fenced." Before any laws can become statutes of the land, they must be promulgated in Manx and English, before an open court, at Tynwald Mount, the form and ceremony of which will be described in another place. At this court, which is held on the 5th of July, annually, whether there be laws to promulgate or not, a Coroner for each of the six sheadings, or great divisions of the Island is appointed, who is vested with power in many respects, analogous to those of an English sheriff. He is both a ministerial 36 officer and a conservator of the peace, and according to an ancient statute holds his office for one year only. The duty of the coroner is highly important ; he is vested with the power of carrying into execution, both the civil and criminal laws of the Island. Besides the duty of holding inquests, in cases of violent and sudden death, all judgments for debt or damage are levied by him, from and out of the property of the debtor. A salary of only £20 is annexed to the office, but as he obtains a poundage upon all effects sold under execution, and has other emoluments, the situation must be a very lucrative one ; and none but respectable, intelligent men of education, ought to be appointed to fill the situation. In all the courts of the Island the parties are at liberty to plead their own cause in person, but it is seldom practised, as there are now so many able, in- telligent advocates to undertake the business. The enactment of laws, the levying taxes, and the superintendance of roads, constitute the various duties of the Legislature ; but they have become very light indeed. The laws are few and defined, and since the reformation of the code, have required little alteration. The expenditure of the Island consists chiefly in the cost of keeping the high-roads and bridges in repair, which is defrayed by taxes on wheeled carriages, dogs, and licenses. The superintendence of the above works is entrusted, by the Legislature, to a committee of their own body; and certainly their attention to this portion of their duty is highly meritorious, for in no part of the kingdom are there better roads than in the Isle of Man. The public 37 cost which they occasion is much lightened by the ancient custom of statute labour, which compels every land-holder to contribute an annual portion of labour to these works, and thus tolls are rendered un- necessary. The Committee of high-roads are : Colonel Murray Mount Murray. Matthew Dawson Castletown. Thomas Arthur Corlett Ramsey. Francis Matthews Douglas- John Kneale, Esqrs Regaby. John Moore, Esq., Surveyor General Douglas. MAGISTRATES. Additional Magistrates have lately been appointed in the Island. This measure was effected by the issuing of a commission of the peace under the great seal. The following gentlemen are named in it, and their powers have been enlarged by an act which has recently been passed by the insular legislature. Their duty however, is very small. Sir William Hillary, Bart Fort Anne. Sir George Drinkwater Kirby. John Goldie, [chairman] Nunnery. Richard Murray Mount Murray. John C, Crellin Michael. Thomas Carran Peel. John Anderson Cooley Lodge. William Farrant Ballamoar, Jurby. William Christian Claughbane. Godfrey Tate Ballameanagh. David Stewart Santon. James Campbell, Esqrs Ravensdale. G. W. Dumbell, Esq., Clerk to the Justices. ..... Belmont. E 38 The following are the Members of the Manx Bart Robert Kelly Douglas. William Corlett Ballamona. Thomas Arthur Corlett Ramsey. Frederick Tellett Ramsey. James Quirk Douglas. John Kelly . Castletown. Evan Gill Ramsey. William Stephen Douglas. Frederick L. Gelling Castletown. James Quirk, jun . . ^ Douglas. William Christian Kirk Andreas. William Kinley Peel. William Kewley Douglas: Philip Moore Douglas. Richard Harrison Peel. William Clague Peel. Edmund George Head Douglas. John Courtney Bluett Douglas. Mark H. Quayle Douglas. George William Dumbell. Douglas. Frederick J. D. La Mothe Ramsey. Henry B. Watts Douglas. Edward Wilmott Ceylon. Frederick B. Clucas Ramsey. John C. Stephen Ramsey. John D. Gelling Peel. James W. Moore . . * Castletown. A. C. Kayll Peel. Thomas Haining * Douglas. Edward Frizelle Peel. Senhouse Wilson Douglas. Robert Kelly, jun Douglas. R. J. Moore Peel. Thomas Howard Douglas. J. M. Jeffcott Castletown. E. C. Fleetwood Douglas. Laurence Craigie ^ . . . . Douglas. 39 CEOCRAPH Y, *c. CLIMATE. The climate of the Island is pure and mild, varying often from dry to wet, and may be denominated moist ; but only a small proportion of days occurs in which some hours of exercise in the open air may not be comfortably taken. In the generality of winters, the frost does not continue longer than a few days, and is always much checked by winds from the sea. Summer heat is also moderated by the sea breeze, and it is by no means uncommon for the night to be warmer than the day. Hence, the win- ters are mild and open, and the temperature at all seasons, in a very considerable proportion, is softer and more equable than in the neighbouring kingdoms. It is, therefore, well suited for those conditions of health and constitution that are benefited by such circumstances, and a more healthy climate than that of the Isle of Mann, can no where be found. MOUNTAINS. The mountains are numerous and lofty, and though not fringed with ornamental plants and shrubs, as the mountains in Devonshire^ and other parts of England are, they are adorned with heath, gorse, and fern, which present a very picturesque scene, and the out- line of the whole is fine in perspective. They range from South Barule at the southern extremity of the Island, to North Barule at the northern. Snafield is the loftiest, it being nearly 2,000 feet above the 40 level of the sea. It is verdant to the summit, and bears the snowy tufts of cotton grass. On a fine clear day, from the summit of this mountain a grand and magnificent panoramic view of the coasts of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, extending to Solway Frith, Ailsa Crag, the Mull of Gallo- way, and the noble mountains of Morne presents itself to the eye. Pen-y-pot is the next highest. The two Barules, Garrahan, Greba, and Colderan, are nearly of equal height, being about 200 feet lower than Snafield. The mountains are the Crown's waste, and are stocked as commons by the landed proprietors with numerous flocks of sheep, from all parts of the Island. They also contain vast quantities of excellent turf, which annually supplies the country people with fuel. SOUTH BARULE is an object of interest to the sportsman, as near its summit the earliest and latest woodcocks of the season are found. These birds do not in these Islands fre- quent strong covers ; indeed they are seldom found in cover except in very bad weather, but amongst the heath which covers many of the mountains, and par- ticularly the one in question ; they are tolerably nu- merous. South Barule is of considerable extent, intersected with numerous small running streams, many of which require very severe frost to close them. It is a favourite calling place for woodcocks on their journey southward, in October and Novem- ber, and also on their return to the northern regions, in February and March. Snipes are found on its 41 sides and summit in great numbers, and the Golden Plover is plentiful in July and iVugust. It is the best beat a sportsman, who is a stranger to the Island, can select. A small public-house with convenient stabling is situated at the foot of the mountain. The distance from Douglas, by way of St. John's, is 11 miles. — The road from St. John's to Castletown divides South Barule and the Mica Mountain, which also occa- sionally affords good cock shooting. The walking is very bad on this mountain, which is covered with immense blocks of shining white and grey stones, with deep heath growing between them ; notwith- standing which it is very wet. On the northern side of this mountain are situated the Foxdale Mines. GREBA is on the right of the road from Douglas to St. John's,, and is of very rugged and precipitous ascent. On the northern side of the mountain is an amphitheatre or valley, surrounded by high hills. One of the best trout streams in the Island has its source from hence, running down Renais Glen, and forming the beautiful waterfall known by that name. The name of the mountain forming the northernmost side of this^ amphitheatre is Blaibaox Blaylal, a name little known except to shepherds and sportsmen. Blaiba is a capital exposure for woodcocks, and second only to Barule or Ingebreck. At the foot of Renais Glen and Craig Willie Syl, is a comfortable roadside pub- lic-house, where refreshments may be procured at a reasonable rate, and, if not served up in first-rate sty le^. very clean and neat. This house is a much betierr 42 rendezvous for the angler and the shooter than any in the Island; it is nine miles from Douglas, by the highroad to Ballaugh and Ramsey, and six and a half across the mountains. The land on each side of the river in Renais Glen, belongs to Mr. Marsden, of Liverpool, who is about to plant in the glen many thousand forest trees, which will very considerably enhance its beauty. just mentioned, is the property of A. Spittal, Esq.; ft is situated in an immense amphitheatre, formed by the mountain of Garrahan on the north and east, and Colderan on the northwest, the sides of which are covered with plantations of larch — the favourite haunt of woodcocks. It is one of the prettiest places in the Island. The mountain-road to Ballaugh and Sulby pass through Ingebreck. At the southern extremity of the Island is the pro- montory of Spanish Head, consisting of bold precipi- ces, rising perpendicularly from the level of the beach to the height of more than 200 feet, and divided by extensive chasms, into pyramidal and conical masses, which overhang the shore. In one of these recesses, which penetrate many yards into the solid rock, is a circle of erect stones, appearing to have been a druidical temple, for which, from the solitude and sublimity of the situation, no place could be more appropriate. Grandeur i& confined to the coast ; and the rude 43 magnificence of its lofty precipices contrasts strikingly with the softer scenery of expanding harbours, shelving shores, towns, and villages. The interior of the Island is somewhat boggy, but the hills are on all sides perforated by glens, which are partially adorned with wood, fast rising into tim- ber, and watered by torrents, forming in several places picturesque waterfalls. The northern part of the Island is flat, but richly cultivated, RIVERS. No country is better watered ; the rivers and springs are numerous, and the water good. Every little ravine has its stream, but the ocean being near at hand ; the rivers are short in their courses. Sulby is the largest and longest in the Island, it rises in the northern part of Snafield, and the mountains adjoining, it takes a course along the base of the mountains, and after running about nine miles, discharges itself into the sea at Ramsey. The lover of trout fishing will be amply gratified by throwing the fly in this stream. Douglas river is formed of two branches, one rising in the bogs of Marown, and the other in the moun- tain above Ingebreck, joined by a stream fro-m the foot of Pen-y-pot, which form a junction- immediately above the town, one named the Dhoo, the other the Glas — hence the name Douglas. In this river also, the Piscator may, at times, meet with much diversion. Peel river, anciently called the Neb, rises in the northern side of Greba, and is joined by several tributary streams uniting to form Renais Waterfall. When it reaches the base of Mount Sliewallyn,, a 44 stream from the northern side of South Barule adds much to its volume of water, and dividing the parishes of German and Patrick, empties itself into the Irish Channel through Peel Harbour. As a trout stream, it is inferior only to Sulby river, and is a convenient distance from Douglas. Hundreds of salmon are destroyed in this river by poachers, who spear the fish at illegal seasons of the year, when ascending the fresh water for the purpose of spawning. Laxey river, formerly the best fishing stream in the Island, is now comparatively worthless, owing to the lead washing at the Laxey mines. Woodcocks are abundant in Laxey Glen, the upper part of which, (Glen Roy) is preserved by John Banks, Esq. NATURAL CURIOSITIES. These consist principally of remnants of antiquity, such as — 1. Mounds of earth, which are thought to have been thrown up for judicial purposes, the pre- sent Tynwald being one so used to this day — 2. Cairns, or circular heaps of stones, supposed to be burying places — 3. Long stones, set end-ways ; they are thought to be of Danish origin, and meant to per- petuate the memory of some warriors, or some warlike events — 4. Stones placed circularly; these are con- jectured to be places of worship, but some writers have conceived them to have been used as civil courts of justice. The cloven stones, near Laxey, having had bones dug up within them, seem to have been intended as a sepulchral monument, unless it may be conjectured that the ancients used their places of wor- ship as we do ours, for places of interment likewise. 45 Most of the curiosities will be noticed and alluded to in the different tours throughout the Island. The bones of the gigantic Elk, now extinct, the Cervus Alces of Linnaeus, are frequently found in the pits of shell marl at Ballaugh. The largest head of this species ever found here is now in the British Museum ; it measures from the tip of the highest antler to that of the other, 8 feet 6 inches ; largest horn, 5 feet 8 inches long ; and its broadest palmative part, 14 inches. A skeleton of this animal, nearly complete, was found in 1819, fifteen feet below the surface, and ingeniously put up by Mr. Kewish (of which the following cut is a representation). DIMENSIONS. Distance between the tip of the horns. ... 8 ft. in. Length of horn 5 10 From the ground to the tip of the horns. 13 46 It was presented to the University of Edinburgh by the late Duke of x\tholl, and is now in the Museum there. The head and horns of one found atBallaugh, may be seen in the shop of Mr. Gell, druggist, Douglas. AGRICULTURE. Before the time of the revestment, the exertions of the mass of the peasantry were devoted to the herring- fishery, and the contraband trade; and agriculture was almost entirely neglected, the task of cultivating just as much land as would supply the wants of the family, and pay the Lord's rents, being performed entirely by the women. Since that period, however, great improvements have taken place, and the natives have turned their hands with much spirit and diligence to the cultivation of the soil. Industry and sobriety have, since that demoralising period, diffused their influence over the Island, and the advantages have been annually increasing, and are very apparent. Still, at the present day, the herring fishery, during the summer months, engages so much of the attention of the men, that the getting in of the harvest is left al- most entirely to the women, who are expert reapers, and perform many other parts of husbandry. Thresh- ing is frequently performed by them on the Upland farms ; and in digging up of potatoes, they are little inferior to men. Many large farms, cultivated by enterprising natives, or by experienced agriculturists from England and Scotland, demonstrate the great capabilities of the soil, when properly managed, and produce crops which 47 amply repay the cultivators ; but the small proprietors are much indisposed to the adoption of plans of im- provement; they pursue the beaten track of their forefathers, and regard projects of improvement, if suggested to them, as innovating upon established practice, and will not incur the isk of what they conceive to be merely experiment. They are in- capable of adopting any enlarged system of manage- ment ; the land is therefore inadequately cultivated, and the breed and growth of cattle are neglected. Near the towns, where the means of enriching the lands are at hand, the most luxuriant crops are pro- duced, and exhibit a wonderful difference from those where manure is scarce. Sea weed is extensively used by farmers near the shore, and with much ad- vantage, if mixed with dung. Lime has also become a general dressing for land, but the expense of carriage prevents the small farmers from applying it so very bountifully as they should do. The following lines are extremely applicable to the subject : "The prudent farmer all manure provides, The mire of roads, the mould of hedge-row sides, For him their mud the stagnant ponds supply ; For him their soil, the stable and the stye. For this the swain on Rennet's winding shore, Digs sulpherous peat along the sable moor, For this, where ocean bounds the stormy strand, They draw dank sea-weed to the neighb'ring land." LIVE STOCK. Every year produces a greater attention to the breed and rearing of stock of every description ; many hun- dred head of fine fat beasts and sheep are sent annu- 48 ally to Liverpool, and the meat exhibited in our market will vie with that produced in any part of England. The cattle on the Island are short-horned and soon fatten, but much attention has been bestowed by some landed proprietors, and the breed has been successfully crossed. The native sheep are of the usual mountain kind — small, hardy, sweet-flavoured, but coarse woolled. They endure the severest wea- ther with little loss. The Leicestershire and other sheep have been introduced. Pigs abound, and are very large. Poultry of every kind is plentiful. The Island yields a race of very hardy ponies, capable of much labour with little food. They are exported, and horses of a larger size, for draught and other purposes, are imported, as well as bred upon the Island. MINES AND MINERALS. The principal minerals are lead and copper ore, veins of which are found in various parts of the moun- tains. The largest are at Foxdale and Laxey, and are carried on to a great extent by companies of gen- tlemen. Those at Foxdale, between Castletown and St. John's, have several powerful steam engines and water wheels. The ore at these mines contains from 15 to 20 ounces of silver in the ton of lead. In one of the mines (Bethwick's vein) is to be seen one of the largest bodies of ore ever discovered in Great Britain ; the depth of the present level is 43 fathoms, which has been driven through in a horizontal direc- tion for a length of sixty fathoms, and the ore is setting down equally as strong on the sole of the 40 present deep level. The great Foxdale vein, of which a very small portion has yet been explored, although upon it the principal mines are now working, runs nearly east and west, and extends across the Island from sea to sea. A lead vein has recently been discovered and opened on the Ellerslie estate, in the Bishop's Barony. It is a continuation of the great Foxdale vein (Beckwith's) and contains about the same quantity of silver to the ton as Foxdale ; but the ore appears to be of bette? quality. It is worked by a number of gentlemen, calling themselves the " Mona Mining Company." The first cargo was shipped in April, 1840. About a mile and a half from the village of Laxey* up the glen, are other valuable mines ; — they are worked in two levels, and contain copper, and lead ore rich in silver, varying from 80 to 120 ounces of silver in the ton of lead. The mines are rented from her Majesty, as Queen of Man, the lessees paying one-tenth part of the produce. F. Gelling, Esq. of Castletown, lias recently dis- covered a vein of marble, from which he has had manufactured some beautiful columns, slabs for hall tables, vases, and candlesticks of chaste design and fine workmanship. A cylinder of large dimensions has been forwarded to the Geological Society for their museum. Specimens of the marble may be seen at the shop of Mr. Gell, druggist, on the Quay. Limestone of excellent quality is found in various parts of the Island. On the south of Poolvash bay there is a deposit of black limestone of sufficient fineness of grain to be worked as marble, and is used F 50 for tombstones. The steps at the entrance of Saint Paul's Cathedral, in London, are from these quarries, and were presented by Bishop Wilson. At Spanish Head, below high water mark, there is a quarry of very strong clay slate of a dark grey colour, from which are raised blocks 12 feet long, and of sufficient thickness to be used as lintels, gate posts, piles, and for various other useful purposes. Excellent veins of slate, fit for covering houses, have been found at North Barule and South Barule, and other parts of the Island ; but coal, we regret to say, has hitherto baffled every search that has been made after it. A valuable body of Manganese has been recently discovered at Foxdale, which will be worked by a company in Douglas. This mineral, which is some- what similar in appearance to the Black Jack found at Laxey, is much used in bleaching, and is very valuable, producing, we understand, from £'16 to £18 per ton. Black Jack, which is scarcely half the value of it, is used in the manufacturing of Zinc. FISHES. The coasts of the Island abound with a variety of fine fish. The salmon frequents the bays at certain periods, but the Island is supplied chiefly from Scot- land. Cod fish is plentiful, and of superior flavour. Turbot, skate, soles, blockins, eels, lobsters, crabs, oysters, and almost every kind of fish are to be met with, and the prices in general are very moderate. — ■ The shell fish are not abundant, except crabs and lobsters, the latter of which are, to a great extent, exported to the Liverpool and Dublin markets ; but 51 HERRINGS are the staple commodity of the Island, and the chief food of the poor. It is these fish that rouse the dormant energy of the Manxman's mind, stimu- late him to industry, and enliven the whole Island. — The herring fishery is a fountain from whence flows great private benefit and public good. In its season^ its novelty inspires sensations of astonishment and delight; the boundless ocean on which is displayed a beauteous fleet, composed of 500 sail, some steering north, others south, east and west, all in search of the finny tribe, and heaving gently its majestic bosom, as if proud of its burthen, and willing to exhibit Mona's industrious, dauntless, and intrepid sons to her view, is a sight truly grand and imposing. The herrings appear off the coast in June and remain till the end of September, when they deposit their spawn, and after November they are no more seen. They are first met with on the western side of the lsland> and are there very prime and remarkably fat. As the season approaches the fish are looked for and their arrival indicated by the quantity of gulls that hover around them, no less eager than the Manxmen to feast on the delicious fare. The boats engaged in the fishery are from fifteen to thirty tons burthen, and not fewer than from four to five thousand men are employed. The produce is divided into nine shares, two for the owner of the boat, one for the proprietor t>f the nets, the other six for the fishermen. The nets are buoyed up by inflated bags of dog-skin, dried in the sun, and smeared over with tar, which are found to be much better adapted to the purpose than thoss 52 of sheep. The season for fishery, by Manxmen, commences on the 5th of July, and they shoot their nets invariably at the close of day ; the Englishmen, however, who frequent the coasts in the herring season, commence in June, and shoot their nets whilst the Sun is up, and there is no law to prevent them. On leaving the harbour, the fishermen invoke the blessing of Providence, and Bishop Wilson's form of prayer for herring fishery is used. Upon no consideration whatever would the fishermen go out on the Saturday, or the Sunday nights. The fishery is subject to the jurisdiction of the Water Bailiff or the Admiralty Judge, who delegates the immediate superintendence of it to an admiral and vice-admiral, nominated by himself ; these are masters of boats, themselves fisher- men ; they direct the time of sailing, and of casting the nets, and adjudge all disputes amongst the fisher- men. Their decisions are subject to the appellate jurisdiction of the Water Bailiff, but that officer seldom or ever receives complaints respecting them. Mr. Quirk, the present Water Bailiff, has, by his judgment, and conciliatory conduct, greatly checked their former litigious disposition. On the return of the little fleet to the harbour, women and children are employed to convey the fish to the several receiving houses, where the operation of salting is immediately performed, as much of the excellence of the herring is thought to depend on the speedy performance of this process. The fish are rubbed with salt as soon as brought in, and left in heaps till the following morning, when they are regularly packed in barrels, with a layer of salt between each row* Those de-. 53 signed for red-herrings are differently treated ; they are, after being well salted, washed, and hung up by the gills on small rods, placed in houses built for the purpose, suspended in rows from the roof, to within eight feet of the floor ; underneath are kindled large fires made of oak wood, which are kept constantly burning, until the fish are sufficiently dry and smoked, after which they are barrelled for exportation. A very beautiful poeng on the herring fishery, has been written by a Manx lady ; it is too lengthy for this little work, but the following is an abridgment of it :— THE HERRING FISHERY. Hail ! mystic myriads 1 Mona's pride and boast, From Arctic regions pouf'd upon lier coast ; Whose annual visits since the world began, Have cherish'd and enrich'd the sons of man ; Your praise I sing: Ye guardians of our Isle,* Deign on my native patriot muse to smile, Welcome with me the kind aquatic band, And greet this blessing to a grateful land. • # * # # Spread on the moss-crown'd rock, prepar'd and dry'd, The nets made ready for the next kind tide ; The expectant fleet, five hundred strong and more, With sails expanded quit Eubonia's shore, Then cheerful scud, the curling billows rend — Tho' first a fervent pray'r to Heav'n they send, Uncover'd each — not more intent to guide The bark, than Heav'n invoking on their side. The historic muse instructs that priests of old, Consulted birds, their myst'ries to unfold ; So here the crews, that would by fishing thrive, Steer to the spot where gulls and gannets dive ; *Tho Governor and Council, 54 With truth, concluding that the ground to fish on, And leave to pagans — pagan superstition. The station gain'd — when sable night has spread, Her gloomy curtain o'er the Manxman's head ; The signal made — each to his bus'ness gets, Some gently ply the oar, some drop the nets. • » # • • The master now inclines his nets to try, Attention's fix'd — hope sparkles in each eye ; They haul I — What luck ? The spangled net is seen, Glowing with glitt'ring fish in guillotine ;f All hands are eager, kept in full employ, Successive heaps now multiply their joy. Now morn appears, — the crews, as each have sped, Find schemes of Interest floating in each head ; Some steer their cargoes for Hibernia's shore, To British markets some convey their store, But eager homeward bend the major part, Joy in their looks, and pleasure in their heart. Herring's the toast through all our happy isle, And when you meet a face, you meet a smile. Tis true my friend, fresh herring on the dish, Would leave no Roman epicure!) a wish ; When drest with all our garnishes of art, Proud might an Alderman play well his part : But cloth remov'd — o'er port I hear him sing, Of viands delicate— herring is the King, Now busy factors cure, and smoke, and dry- To distant climes export the scaly fry ; While foreign marts the welcome bounty own, And send back treasures of the Torrid zone, May commerce, then, still flourish round our coast, And Mora's Glory be our heartfelt toast. ♦The Governor and Council. fThe herring was unknown to the ancients. I Herrings are caught by their gills. 55 TRADE AND COMMERCE. The commerce of the Island before the act of re- vestment consisted, principally, of importing and ex- porting contraband goods ; the average returns of which, amounted to nearly £500,000. During that period the Island was the grand shelter for smugglers. On the act of revestment, the Customs of the Ports became vested in the British Crown, and are placed under the control of the British government. By an act recently passed, a new code of revenue laws was framed, the principal feature of which is the system of licensing the importation of certain goods charged with high duties, by this means confining them to an extent proportionate to the consumption of the inhabitants, and preventing the Island from again becoming a depot for smugglers ; but the in- crease of population, and the number of visitors who favour us with their company in the summer, and who generally furnish themselves with a bottle on their return, render the quantity allowed, particularly brandy, very insufficient. Distilleries of all kinds are dis- allowed, under a penalty of £200, with forfeiture of all implements employed in the process. The fol- lowing is a list and amount of the principal articles for which the commissioners of customs are authorised to grant licences for importation into the Island:- — ALLOWANCE. DUTY. £ s. d. Brandy 10,000 gallons 4 6 per gallon . Geneva 10,000 04 6 ■ Rum 60,000 3 6 Wines. . (French) 110 tans of 225 gals. 16 per tun. Wines. . (other sort) 12 ■ 56 =£ s. d. Bohea Tea 70,000 lbs, 6 per lb. Green Tea 5,000 lbs 10 Coffee 8,000 lbs 4 Muscovado Sugar.10,000 cwt 1 per cwt. Refined Sugar.... 800 cwt 10 Tobacco 60,000 lbs 1 6 per lb. Playing Cards.. . . 4,000 packs There is a duty of £2 10s. per £100, on the im- portation of other merchandise, which causes great dissatisfaction, as the articles are chiefly English manufactured goods, and have paid the English duties. With very trifling exceptions the exportation is confined to goods that are the produce or manufacture of the Island, on which no duty is paid; they consist chiefly of herrings, corn, cattle, lead ore, paper, linen, butter, poultry and eggs. The English Corn-laws extend to this Island. The local taxes arise from a duty upon all Bankers ^20 Brewers 5 Hawkers 2 Ale and Spirit Merchant 3 Wine Merchant 2 Do. Do. in the Country -» Wine, and Spirit Do. wholesale 4 Four-wheeled Vehicle 1 Two Do. Do Pointer or Hound 1 Bull-dog or Spaniel 1 Terrier or Quester Cur.. For every House License to kill Game. ,,.,..,,., 2 10 L0 1 1 6 2 6 4 57 and the amount so raised is expended in keeping in repair, altering and improving the high roads and bridges. The public roads in every part of the Island will be found equal to the finest turnpike roads in England, and the improvements yearly progressing reflect the greatest credit upon those who have been appointed to the arduous situation. THE CIRCULATING MEDIUM consists chiefly of One Pound local notes, issued from three banks in the town of Douglas, which notes are confined to the Island, not being payable elsewhere* The silver coinage of England is plentiful: but of late years much inconvenience has arisen to shop- keepers, in consequence of a scarcity of copper, none having been coined since 1786. In 1733, 4*300 in pence, and £200 in halfpence were put in circulation. They bore on one side the Derby crest, an eagle and child, with the date below, on the reverse, the three legs of Mann, with J. D. between the bend, and the motto quocunque jeceris stabit. In 1758, £250 in pence, and £150 in halfpence, were put in cir- culation ; the impression then was, the Ducal coronet, with a cipher A.D., and the date under; the reverse as before, without the initials J,D. 58 Tn 1786, the impression was the King's head, with the date under, the motto round it Georgius III. Dei Gratia; the reverse as before. The above coinage passed current fourteen pence to the English shilling. In the winter of 1833 — 4, the Island being inundated with base metal from every part of the Globe, the merchants attempted to remedy the evil by importing the English copper currency, twelve pence to the shilling. This measure was decidedly opposed by the country people in the market, and by the lower orders in the towns, who became ripe for riot on the occasion, and who opposed the change on the ground that it would be to their disadvantage. The insular legislature, for a considerable time objected to pass a Bill to assimilate the Manx currency with that of England, and the Lords of the Treasury refused a coinage until they were assimilated ; in consequence of which, the retail trade was materially obstructed. From the many petitions forwarded to the Governor, a Bill was brought into the House of Keys, which, after much procrastination, was passed into a law, and a coinage of pence, halfpence, and farthings, to the amount of £1000, having on one side the head of her Majesty, and on the reverse the three legs, was struck off at the mint, and it arrived on the Island in April 1840. ARMORIAL ENSIGN. The ancient Armorial bearing of the Island was a ship, and its motto Rex Mannzce et Insularum ; but when the Scots obtained possession, the legs w T ere substituted. It is said of the three legs that with the 59 toe of the one they spurn at Ireland, with the spur of the other they kick at Scotland, and with the third they hend to England. The subjoined cut is a re- presentation of the arms at the present day* 60 INTERIOR OF THE COUNTRY. " I love thee, dear Isle ; my affections are wound Round thy glens and thy mountains, thy oceans and streams; A thousand endear'd recollections surround The land where my childhood indulged its fond dreams." DOUGLAS. Though Castletown derives, from the circumstance of its being the seat of government, a sort of metro- politan importance, Douglas is the principal, most populous, and greatest commercial town in the Island, and the place at which nearly all the visitors arrive. It is situated in the corner of a bay, enclosed by two bold promontories, more than two miles apart, and is an asylum from the tempests of the north-west and south, but is greatly exposed to storms from the east; notwithstanding which, the bay affords the best an- chorage and securest refuge in St. George's Channel. Douglas harbour is an excellent one for its size, and admits vessels drawing eighteen feet of water* To improve the harbour, and render it secure during any wind, Sir William Hillary, Bart, first drew the atten- tion of the public to the important subject of con- structing a grand central harbour for the Irish sea ; 61 and some years afterwards, Sir John Rennie surveyed the proposed site, and drew up a report, approving of the project, and suggesting a plan for carrying it into effect. Other eminent engineers have subsequently been engaged in similar undertakings. Sir J. Rennie estimated the cost at £200,000. Sir William Hillary, in a more recent publication on the same subject, has suggested that the expense might be defrayed out of the surplus revenues of the Isles, amounting to be- tween £15,000 and £20,000 annually. On approaching the Island from the sea, the lover of the picturesque must be truly gratified with the per- spective presented to his view. The first object which meets his eye, after turning either of the heads, is the Tower of Refuge, built on Conister, or St. Mary's Rock ; it Was projected by Sir Wm. Hillary, Bart., and the first stone was laid by Lady Hillary in April, 1832. Independent of its great utility, the tower is highly ornamenal, and adds considerably to the beauty of the bay. " E'en rocks, those inmates of the main, Within whose region dangers reign, On which the seaman's fears attend, May sometimes prove the seaman's friend. Here rising boldly from the sea, A rock boasts its utility : It ne'er o'erlooks the seaman's grave, But offers to protect and save ; And while the billows round it roar, It guides the ship to Mona's shore." Beyond the 1;ower the eye takes in at one view the shore, sloping upwards to the mountains edge, studded with the residences of the principal inhabitants, 62 amongst which Mona Castle stands pre-eminent, on the beach, beneath a cliff covered with flourishing plantations. In a recess at the south side, rises the town of Douglas, with a handsome pier, and a light-house of classical elagance, both built of yellow free-stone, at an expense to government of £25,000. The fol- lowing is a model of the light-house. Another light-house has been erected by the Com- missioners of Harbours, on the lower projection of Douglas Head, and on the larboard hand on entering the bay. The light is stationary, of the natural co- lour, and appears like a star of the first magnitude at the distance of 15 miles. On the south side of the harbour, opposite the light-house, stands Fort Anne, the picturesque seat 63 of Sir Wm. Hillary, Bart, the founder of the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck, and the projector, and principal con- tributor to the erection of, the Tower of Refuge. ADDRESS TO DOUGLAS,— By a Visitor, Thy lovely bay, thy grand and noble pier, Thy woodland scenes, thy waters pure and clear ; Thy breezes soft, imparting health's sweet balm, To cheer the mind, the body's pain to calm ; Thy lofty hills, with em'rald verdure crown'd ; Thy cattle feeding on the sloping ground ; Thy peaceful valley, dotted o'er with sheep ; Thy own pure river, flowing to the deep ; These, and a thousand charms my heart beguile : Oh, how I love thee ! Douglas of the Isle. Thy rock of refuge, too, with beacon tow'r, For hapless seamen, wreck'd in peril's hour : What words can tell the thoughts within me rais'd, Of bliss bestow'd, as on it I have gaz'd : To soothe each being who the storm outlives, This little tow'r a welcome refuge gives : Where oft the home-bound skiff, in times of yore, Hath struck upon the rock in sight of shore J Oh, Hillary ! thy philanthropic heart In love hath rais'd this magic piece of art ; The bay's chief ornament, with use combin'd, It stands the beacon, too, of thy great mind I In chaste simplicity it rears its head, Nor heeds the spray, nor wildest storm doth dread I Secure within its sea-girt islet rock, Its modest walls may brave Time's latest shock. Thy scenes I still retrace, they still beguile My heart to love thee— Douglas of the Isle I 64 Nearer the Head is Harold Tower, a very handsome mansion, occupied by James Quirk, Esq. the High Bailiff. The tower over the Head serves only as a land-mark for mariners. The Quay is spacious, and well adapted to the purposes of trade. All vessels having license goods are, by act of parliament, compelled to deliver their cargoes exclusively at this port. The Custom-house 1 is conveniently situated for business ; it was erected during the prevalence of the contraband trade by one of those persons who had realised a considerable pro- perty in that pursuit; but in the panic following the revestment of the Island, it was sold to the Duke of Athol, who made it for some time his residence. It is rented by the Board of Customs, of Messrs. Scott,, whose property it now is. The streets, as in most old sea-port towns are ir- regular, crowded, and confused, but contain many excellent comfortable houses ; the shops are large,, some very splendid, especially in Duke Street, and are well furnished with goods and merchandize of all sorts, more so indeed, than is usually to be met with in a country town of the same size. Doirglas con- tains about 8,000 inhabitants, and has become a place of considerable bustle and traffic* In the vicinity of the town, many large mansions, numerous beautiful villas, rural seats, and genteel residences, have recently been erected, and are occupied by wealthy individuals,, and buildings are progressing at a rapid rate. GAS COMPANY. As a Gas Company has been established, it is 65 much to be regretted that the town is not lighted, ex- cept, along the quay during the winter, and that at the expense of the harbour trust ; but most of the principal shops are fitted up with gas, which adds much to the respectability of their appearance. As nothing tends so much to preserve the peace and quietness of a town, and protect the property of the inhabitants from nightly depredations, as lighted streets at night, we are surprised at the apathy of the Douglas gentry and tradesmen ; still we do hope shortly to see a measure so essentially necessary, carried into effect. WATER COMPANY. Formerly the inhabitants were supplied with water carried about in carts ; a Water Company has, how- ever, within these few years past, been formed by a set of spirited gentlemen, and which has nearly an- nihilated the abominable nuisance which had so long, and so disgracefully annoyed the people. The main reservoir is situated above the Crescent, is ninety feet higher than the level of the sea at high water, and capable of supplying every house in the town. The water is clear and excellent, and the establishment of the company has been of great benefit to the town. STEAM PACKET COMPANY. But the greatest advantage which has been con- ferred upon the Island, and is likely to continue such, was the formation of a Steam Packet Company. Before that company was established, the communi- cation with the Island was kept up by means of sail- ing packets from Liverpool and Whitehaven ; and it Has not infrequently occurred, that all intercourse wish'* the Island and the parent country has been stopped for- a month or six weeks,, and scarcely a stranger would then ever think, of visiting the Island for pleasure. Now^.bowever, as the passage is generally made in eight hours, and the packets come daily, and are worked in the roughest weather with the most astonishing precision, the visitors during the season, are indeed numerous. The packets, the Monas Isle and Queen, of the Isle, (the former of which, when first launched^, was considered by competent judges, the handsomest model that ever appeared in the Clyde or the Mersey,) are each commanded by experienced; seamen, thoroughly acquainted with the Manx coast,, and by whom every attention is paid to th& comfort aaad accommodation of the passengers. . ACROSTIC. Q^u-ick through the waves her headlong course she speeds^. U ncurb'd and free, no useless sail she needs ; E nough for her is thy Herculean ppw'r E xpanding Steam f— When clouds look black and low'r, » Hay, when the tempest sweeps along the deep, r. mountain waves t' oppose her fiercely- sweep,-r-- M irnv aad*secure, their fury she'll defy, ^Through all* their hostile strife she 5 It onward fly. — H ar beauteous form, her majesty and graces ILaeh^ ornament^ so suited to- its place, T fain would tell of— but her noble crew* SKome praise demand — to them our praise is due.-— 33-orig' may-ber brave* and gallant Captain *€?HI s mr When the tide answers the packet invariably cermet into the harbour, at other times it anchors inside of< Douglas head, about 100 yards from the Pier, and the passengers are immediately brought ashore, with care and safety, free of any charge, by boatmen stationed for the purpose. The landing boats are regularly numbered,, and each boatman has also his respective number attached to ' the arm by means- of a brass plate, without- which, TjO porter or boatman is allowed to approach the vessel, and the police are always in attendance, on the arrival of the packet, to put in force these regulations, aneb to prevent confusion and imposition* The trip on a fine day, is really delight- ful ; except to a few the effect of the motion of the vessel, steadily directed by powerful machinery, is- much less than that usually produced by the swell caused by the wind. and the -tides irt sailing packets. The mails are conveyed by these packets; every day in the summer, and twice a week in winter ; and owe of them carries goods^ which is* found to< be a great ascommodation* to^ persons in business; The fase from Liverpool to « Douglas, . during the summer is only 7s. 6d. cabin, 3s. steerage. There is also a* steam communication kept up with Whitehaven, Douglas, and Dublin, during the summer season ; and the Scotch packets call at Ramsey on their passage to and from Liverpool. There are also several regular trading vessels to Liverpool,- W>hitehaven 4 and the- Scotcb and Irish por^ts^ STEAM PACKET AGENTSV Qfieen oF the Isle and Mona's Isle. . Mr. E. Moore, Douglato - Whitehaven Packet Mr. J. Clark, Douglas^ Saniscy^ldTerjgeal, and Glasgow. ..Mr. J; HeelLr, Ramsey m The Isle of Man district association of the Royal National Institution, for the preservation of life from shipwreck, which institution originated in this Island, under the auspices of Sir W. Hillary, Bart., is held in this town. It was founded in 1824, under the im- mediate patronage of the King, the princes of the blood royal, and many of the leading men in the state; it provides good clothing, medical assistance, and the means of returning to their homes, the destitute sufferers of all nations, and has life boats, and a com- plete set of Captain Hanby's apparatus, in constant readiness, at all the principal ports. This district as- sociation is under the immediate superintendance of his Excellency the Governor, as patron ; Sir William Hillary, Bart., president. There is a National Daily and Sunday Free School in the town ; it is a substantial building in Athol- street, and was erected in 1812, by subscriptions and donations, at a cost of £'1,118 8s. 8d. It has edu- cated 4580 children since its establishment. At the present time 300 children are in attendance daily, re- ceiving instruction according to the national plan of education. Mr. James Cretney is the master, and Mrs. Jane Kneale the mistress, at salaries very inade- quate to the duties they have to fulfil. This school is wholly supported by subscriptions and donations, and the contributions after two sermons annually preached at St. George's Church. A sub- scriber is entitled to send two scholars for every guinea. There are also Infant Schools, and Sunday Schools at all the Chapels. There are various benefit societies also, which 69 establish this great truth, of infinite national import- ance, that the people in general we competent to their own maintenance) the nation, no boubt, has saved millions by these beneficial institutions, and they cer- tainly deserve much praise and encouragement. Two Lodges of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of the Manchester Unity, have been opened in the town, and the number of members is about 260, and are rapidly increasing. mechanics' institution. A Mechanics' Institute had been some years established, and was liberally encouraged. The whole library was consumed by fire about eighteen months back; it is rising rapidly, however, out of its own ashes, and is very generously supported by many respectable inhabitants ; the books are selected with much care and judgment, and the working community derive much benefit from it. The subscription is only 6s. per annum. BANKS. There are three good Banks in Douglas ; Messrs- Holmes', on the South Quay, Mr. James Haining Cashier, draw on Masterman and Co. ; the Isle of Man Joint Stock, !N orth Quay, Edw. Forbes, Esq., Manager, Mr. John C. Charles, Cashier ; draw on Williams, Deacon, and Co. ; Isle of Man Com- mercial, Prospect Hill, Wm. Dickie, Esq., Manager, Mr. Henry Johnson, Cashier; draw on Prescott^ Grote, and Co. There is also a Saving's Bank* in Great George's Street. 70 THE POST OFFTCE is situate in one of the narrowest and most inconvenient lanes in the town ; the mails arrive and depart every day in summer, and twice a week in winter. It is much to be regretted that some other site is not chosen for the Post-office, for since the reduction in the charge for postage, the increase of letters has been of so great a magnitude, that from the confined and contracted situation of the office, and the smallness of the internal department, it has become exceedingly burthersome to the distributor, and sorely annoying to the receiver. In winter the approach to it on a dark night is dan- gerous, and the confusion that ensues is indescribable, for, to the shame of the Post-office surveyor, the place is left in total darkness. The utmost civility and at- tention is manifested by Mr. Graves, and every one engaged in the delivery of the letters. LIBRARIES. There are several in the town ; that established by Mr. Jefferson, in Duke Street, is the oldest and best in the Island, for choice selection and variety ; it contains double sets of all Sir Walter Scott's novels, and the productions of all the popular and fashionable novelists of the age: to which has been recently added, several publications of Voyages and Travels, by the latest and most celebrated authors. Mr. Dillon has one on the North Quay, besides which there is the Mechanics' and the Isle of Mann Libraries. PRINTING OFFICES. There are five Offices in Douglas, at four of which, 71 newspapers are printed. The one in Duke-street, under the title of the "Advertiser" has been estab- lished upwards of thirty-nine years , during the whole of which period, it has been conducted by the present proprietor, Mr. G. Jefferson. The principles of the Advertiser are, and have from its commencement been strictly Conservative. It has not only ever been a strenuous supporter of the throne, and the established religion of the realm, but has always advocated, and not unsuccessfully, the continuance of those ancient Insular laws and institutions, which have raised the little Island to its present state of respectability and splendour. An Almanack is annually printed at the Advertiser office ; the edition for 1840 was the 38th impression. The Sun, which is printed on the North Quay, is the property of Mr. James Grellier and Mr. John Quiggin, the publisher; it has been in their possession about fourteen years. The principles of the Sun, are professedly, conservative, but its editorial articles are generally of a luke-warm nature. An Almanack is also printed by Mr. Quiggin. The Herald is printed at the top of Post Office Lane, by R. Faragher and Co. It has been established about six years ; its principles are Radical, and it is a strong opponent of the ancient Insular institutions, and a strenuous advocate for innovations of a dangerous tendency. The " Liberal" is the property of, and is printed by Mr. J. R. Wallace, the proprietor of the Museum, in Great George Street ; its principles are what its title represents Liberal, profusely Liberal. If we are to be guided in our judgment by the editorial articles in that paper, we must infer that the proprietor 72 is decidedly hostile to a monarchical Government, and not remarkable for his support of the Holy Scriptures. The other office is in Great Nelson Street, and the proprietor of it is Mr. William Walls. THE MUSEUM in Great George's-street, is worthy the inspection of the visitor; it contains an immense quantity of very choice and scarce curiosities from every quarter of the globe. A great number of the articles, we understand, were collected by the proprietor himself, during several voyages that he made in his youthful days to foreign climes, and the collection has been greatly augmented by many valuable presents since its estab- lishment, in 1835. It would be folly in us to attempt to give even an epitome of the collection of curiosities which will there meet the eye of the admirers of the products of nature and art, and as the admission is no more than one shilling, we do not know how a visitor can pass a few hours better, than in inspecting the various curiosities that he will there meet with. Mona is, we believe, the only Island attached to the British dominions, that can boast of having a col- lection of curiosities, worthy the appellation of a Museum. the public baths Consist of hot and cold sea- water, shower and vapour baths, fitted up in a neat and comfortable manner at the end of the Parade. Bathing-machines are al90 to be met with in great numbers along the shore. The sands afford a fine ride, extending near two 73 miles, terminated by romantic rocks, down which in winter run two beautiful cascades ; the sea-water is peculiarly clear, and the view of the bay is delighful, and the swelling sails that so often solicit attention break the fatigue which the eye would otherwise feel from the vast expanse of water. As a sea-bathing place Douglas is not surpassed by any in the United Kingdom. For the salubrity of the air — the clearness and strength of the water — the numerous suitable residences and lodging - houses erected along the shore and in the town, for the ac- commodation of visiters — and the moderation in all charges, are strong inducements for genteel families to take up their residence here. PLACES OF WORSHIP. Besides the parish church of Braddan, which is nearly two miles from the town, there are three chapels belonging to the Established Church ; one of them is situate on one side of the Market-place, and is dedi- cated to St. Matthew ; it contains about 300 sittings, and was consecrated by Bishop Wilson in 1708. To it is attached a Library, established by Bishop Wilson, and augmented by Bishop Hildesley. On an emi- nence to the west of the town, just above Athol-street, is St. George's Chapel, a large, modern, and elegant building, erected by subscription ; it has spacious pews and galleries, which will comfortably accom- modate 800 persons, and it has also a handsome fine toned organ. A new chapel, capable of accommo- dating 1,500 persons, has been erected in Fort-street, and is dedicated to St. Barnabas. This is one of the H 74 chapels constructed out of the funds obtained for that purpose in England, by Bishop V^ard and the Rev, Hugh Stowell. One-third of the sittings are free. At the upper end of the harbour is moored a vessel, formerly employed as a transport, granted by Lord de Grey, — then first Lord of the Admiralty, — at the re- quest of Bishop Ward, in which service is regularly performed on the Sabbath. There is also a place of worship erected in Finch Road, for the adherents of the Scotch Church, and a Chapel in Athol-street for the Independents. The Wesleyan Methodists have two large Chapels, one in Thomas-street, which seats a thousand persons, and another in Well Road that will contain six hun- dred ; underneath the latter are spacious school-rooms. The Primitive Methodists have also a Chapel in Factory Lane, which is capable of containing seven hundred persons. The Roman Catholics, who formerly occupied a small building on the Castletown Road, about a mile from Douglas, as a Chapel, which was dedicated to St. Bridges, the founder of the Nunnery, have re- moved into Athol-street. We believe there has never been on the Island the conversion of a single native to Popery ; so deeply rooted is the attachment of the Manx to the Established Church. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. A few years ago there were no asylums for distress of any kind in this town ; the indigent had no house to shelter them in age ; the sick had no hospital ; the poor married woman no watchful nurse or doctor to 75 attend her, and administer to her sufferings ; but now there has sprung up, by the exertions of the clergy, and the humanity of the affluent, institutions of the noblest nature. Douglas can now boast of having a House of Industry for the relief of the aged indigent, but deserving of both sexes ; — a Dispensary, for af- fording medical assistance to those who may require it ; — a Ladies' Society, for the distribution of soup and other nourishment to the poor; — a Lying-in Charity, for providing baby-linen and other neces- saries for the use of deserving married women, whose circumstances require a little aid and assistance at that period ; besides many other beneficial societies truly honourable to the projectors. And all these institu- tions are upheld and supported by the voluntary con- tributions of the inhabitants, and sums collected after sermons preached in their behalf at the different churches and chapels in the town. SHIP BUILDING is carried on to a fair extent in the town. The " Bath" yard, near the Parade, the property of James Aikin, Esq. is by far the largest establishment ; many beautiful vessels have here been launched from their stocks, and have reflected great credit on the builder ; the concern is under the entire management of Mr. J. Winram. Several pretty small craft have also been built by Messrs. Quiggin and Co., and Messrs. John Moore and Co. THE MARKET. The market has, from time immemorial, been held 76 in the open air, and such is the attachment of the lower class of the Manx people to the old customs, that it may be said to resemble superstition, for al- though a most excellent market-house has been erected, and they were offered gratuitous standings in it, they will not desert their ancient " Old Cross" ; thus are respectable families compelled to stand in the open air during the most boisterous and tempestuous weather, to purchase their poultry, eggs, and butter. The market- house, therefore, which is a model in miniature, of St. John's, at Liverpool, and creditable to the unfortunate speculators, is entirely deserted. — The market is on a Saturday, and is well supplied with provisions, and vegetables of all kinds. HOTELS AND TAVERNS. There is no watering place in the United Kingdom where there is better accommodation for visitors, than in this little Island ; or where more respect is paid, or greater civility, liberality, and attention are shewn to them by the proprietors of Hotels and respectable Lodging Houses. Castle Mona, situated a little more than half a mile from the town, is the largest Hotel in the Island ; it is a princely mansion, mag- nificent for its size, and the grounds around it, (which are very extensive, prettily laid out, and planted with a variety of exotics and native shrubs) are reserved ex- clusively for the inmates of the Hotel; Mr. Heron, formerly of the Porto Bello, Dublin, is the proprietor. The York Hotel, on the Parade, has been long established, and has ever been conducted in the most creditable and respectable manner ; it is an e$- 77 cellent residence for visitors, and the present proprietor is Mr. J. Mc.Kenzie, to whom, for a number of years, had been confided the sole and entire management of the British Hotel, during the life of the late Mrs. Dixon. His establishment has lately been increased by the addition of a comfortable private hotel, for the accommodation of families who wish to avoid the noise and bustle of a public hotel. Here the visitor may enjoy the ease and quiet of a private mansion, with the comforts and luxuries of an hotel, on very liberal terms. This establishment is within one hundred yards of the hot and cold baths ; about the same distance from the shore and the pier, which is the grand promenade in Douglas. The only public billiard table in the town is at the York. The British, and the Victoria, are also very ex- cellent and convenient Hotels ; the former is situate in the market-place, the proprietor of which is Mr. J. Nelson ; the latter near the pier, and is kept by Mr. Thomas Statham. Very good accommodation and civil treatment w T ill be met with at Robinson's, (late Redfern's,) in St. James's-street ; Cain's, Queen-street ; Poole's, on the Parade ; Braid's, in Moore's-court ; Crelley's, Church- street ; Hodgson's, in Heywood-place ; Proctor's, in Lord-street ; and Lewis's, in Mucklesgate. HORSE AND CARRIAGE ESTABLISHMENTS. The largest and oldest in the Island, is at the com- mencement of the pier ; many of the vehicles are real <* Bang ups," and the " turns out" are dashing, stylish, and elegant. The concern is carried on by Mr. John 78 Dale, and the visitor will experience here, what is not met with at every establishment of the kind even in England, viz. * civility, attention, and good language/ There is also an extensive establishment, connected with Castle Mona Hotel, which is conducted by Mr. Hensley. Mr. Braid, of the Cumberland, has also a very excellent horse and carriage concern. Capital vehicles, and good horses may also be had at Robinson's, (late Redfern's,) Fort-street, and at Cain's, Saddle Inn, Queen's-street. THE PIER. The pier forms the principal evening promenade for the townspeople ; it is 500 feet long and 40 broad ; at its termination it expands to a breadth of 90 feet, of much greater elevation, and which is ascended by a flight of steps. From this spot the stranger must, With raptur'd eye, and mind serene, Admire the grandeur of the scene ; Pleased he'll survey the placid main, The beauties of the liquid plain, And listen to the murmurs bland, Of ripp'ling waves that wash the strand, While stately ships in gallant pride, Smooth o'er its lucid bosom glide, And to the raptur'd sight display Their swelling sails, and streamers gay. From this spot too he will find The landscape's varied charms display, Romantic hills, and prospects gay. On the pier is a small building, in which the Deemster, the High Bailiff, the Vicar-General, and 79 the Magistrates transact business; adjoining which is a filthy hole for the confinement of disorderlies and culprits, previous to their being examined. It is a disgrace to the town of Douglas, and a proper place of confinement is very much wanted. Formerly, an ancient fort, or round tower, which stood at the bight of Pollock's rock was used as a place of con- finement for common offences, but it has been pulled down about twenty years. The following is a de- lineation of it. The United Service Club, established in 1829, hold their meetings in a room at the end of the pier. It is the daily resort of the half-pay naval and military gentlemen in Douglas ; a very short distance from which is the Isle of Man Library, and a Sub- scription News Room. ENVIRONS. The Head, or what is called the Howe, of Douglas, is the first spot a stranger should visit, as a view, from it will convey a general and accurate idea of the town so and of the Island. To arrive at it, he will cross the bridge at the end of the harbour, and, turning to the left, will pass the large Iron Foundry of Mrs. Gelling and Sons, and the Gas Works; on ascending the hill he will go by Fort Anne, the residence of the philan- thropic Hillary, and Harold Tower, a mansion oc- cupied by the Acting Attorney-General of the Island; on arriving at the summit, the sea view, as well as that along the shore, will be found magnificently grand. From hence the eye delighted will rove over the vast expanse of water which foams around the rude, broken precipices, and if the visitor be of a philo- sopjiic turn he will exclaim, Ocean ! I love to view thy dark blue face, To hear thee rippling on the shelvy shore : To me, thy form hath greatness, grandeur, grace — To me, there's more than music in thy roar. Yet thou art false and fickle ; and though now Thy billows beat but softly on their bounds, Anon, convuls'd and toss'd tempestuous, thou Wilt, foaming furious, batter down thy mounds — Thy soft smooth wave the sailor's view beguiles, With sunny surface hiding oft the storm, Like Friends who flatter when fair fortune smiles, To hate the more when frowns her brow deform. A spirit reigns within thee, and his will Sighs in the breeze and thunders in the blast ; Telling of things invisible, yet still 'Tis formless, viewless, voiceless, dark and vast. Spending, but never spent, man marks in thee And thy deep billows, that no force can lull, A Type of Time hid in Eternity, For ever flowing, yet for ever fullj 81 Having glutted himself with a view of the ocean, the high lands of Wales, and a long extent of the Cum- berland coast, crowned with distant mountains, on casting his sight inward he will be struck with the unrivalled beauty of the panorama before him. At one glance his eye will take in nearly every gentle- man's residence in the neighbourhod. But the scene itself must be viewed — its sublimity cannot be de- scribed. The walk up by the river, through the grove of the Nunnery, is much frequented as a promenade. The visitor, after crossing the bridge at the end of the harbour, will take the right-hand road until he arrive at the Nunnery Lodge, the gate of which he will enter, and proceed along the gravel path until he arrive at the mansion, the beautiful seat of General Goldie, Speaker of the House of Keys, and which takes its name from an ancient structure formerly occupying the same site, but of which scarcely a vestige remains. The Nunnery is much admired by all visitors, the saloon and other apartments are fine, and elegantly furnished. The grounds are extensive, and the gardens, which are laid out with much taste, contain a great variety of shrubs, and evergeens remarkable for their size. Proceeding from the Nunnery the visitor will enter a grove, and by pursuing its track or footpath, will arrive at a mill, through the yard of which he will pass, and after crossing two meadows will arrive at Mill Mount, some beautiful modern villas erected by Mr. J. Donaldson, who is also the owner of the mill, as well as of the bridge house 82 and cottage near it. On crossing the road which leads to Castletown, and continuing his walk, the visitor will pass Ballaughton, the pretty mansion of John Wulff, Esq., on the left, and Kirby, the de- lightfully situated summer residence of Sir George Drinkwater, on the right, soon after which he will arrive at BRADDAN CHURCH, The situation of which creates a romantic effect, and presents several objects highly interesting to the ima- gination. It is surrounded with trees, and the Church- yard is crowded with tombstones and monuments. — The date of the erection of the Church is not known ; but Bishop Wilson says, — " Rendered, flagged, and put a new east window to the Chancel, 1704; I gave six pounds to Kirk Braddan vicarage house, 1705; 1739, I gave £20 towards paying a glebe to Kirk Braddan, with £35 of Mr. Thomson's; 1741, I gave £15 towards building a new house for the vicarage/' The church was rebuilt in 1773. It is neatly pewed, contains 400 sittings, and service is performed every third Sunday morning in Manx, and in the afternoons exclusively in English. In front of the church, nearly in the centre of the church-yard, stands a stone with the following inscription : Durlifr nsaci risti crus dono Aftfiac sunfin fudar sun Safrsag* Which has been thus translated, — " For Admiral Durliff, this cross was erected by the son of las brother, the son of Safrsag." 83 The following lines are extracted from a beautiful poem written some years ago by Miss E. S. Craven : I linger'd o'er the silent characters Of a forgotten language, darkly. gone With those who traced them to their sepulchres* Until it seemed their shadowy lore was won. ***** And Thou ! O silent dweller in the dust, Was this fair earth as full of bliss for thee ? Hadst thou as bright a hope, as firm a trust, A heart of such euthusiastic fervency ? Thou answerest not ! — the silent mystery Of the grave has no voice, or will not show The secret of its power ; and such shall be My resting place, as nameless, and as low. Didst thou come proudly o'er the ocean foam To the lone Island of the storms to reign A northern Sea-king in thy desert home— The dark usurper of the trackless main ? Or woke thy spirit in this lonely Isle First to the light — child of the wilderness — Free as its stormy waters, by the smile Of sunbeams seldom blest, (not loved the less For all their tempests ?) Was it there to press With the first wind of morn, amid the still And shadowy mists, from thy lone cave's recess, To wake the red deer on their silent hill ? Tired hunter of the Isle — thy chase is past: Dark ruler of the waters — we can trace The shadow of thy course o'er ocean cast ; It is forgotten, like thy resting place ! Where is the legend of thy name or race ? Far in the midst of ages time has shed Oblivion o'er thy glory or disgrace — We know but this — thy rest is with the dead. 84 Tradition relates that a Danish chief was interred beneath this stone, and his family or exploits are sup- posed to be recorded on it. Another stone, bearing marks of great antiquity, stands against the tower of the steeple. Close to the principal entrance to the church is a stone with the following remarkable inti- mation : — " Here underlveth the body of the Rev. Mr. Patrick Thompson, minister of God's word forty years, at 'present Vicar of Kirk Braddan, aged 67, anno 1678, deceased anno 1689. " The reverend gentleman, it would appear, had the stone engraved eleven years before he died. Amongst the monu- ments is one of a splendid kind, erected to the memory of Lord Henry Murray, brother to the late Duke of Athol ; near its base is the following inscription : — ■ M This sincere testimonial of affection, and deep re- gret for their commander and friend, is erected by the officers of the regiment : e His saltern accumulem donis et fungar inani manere! " If the visitor have a taste for rural scenery, he will hardly find that taste more amply gratified than by viewing that hallowed spot, where lie in deep silence thousands and tens of thousands who once trod the busy stage of life. He can scarcely behold the vener- able sanctuary with the solemn surrounding scenery, without being forcibly reminded of those beautiful lines of Gray : — " Beneath these rugged elms, that yew trees shade, Where heaves the turf in many a mouldering heap, Each in his narrow cell for ever laid, The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep." 86 Closely adjoining the stone with the Runic cha- racters is a flat one with the following inscription : Ayns Coonaghtyn * Jeh Elizabeth Cain hoor baaso yn cheid Iaa j' October, Vlein hogh cheeadyoig as ananejeig as feed Jeih Meeghynd cash. Near the top of the Church-yard is a marble tablet with the following : In memory of William Scott, Esq., Receiver- General and Collector of the Customs in this Island > Ob. August 28th, 1818, Etat. 52. During an arduous, zealous, and attentive exertion of twenty-eight years in the execution of official duty in the public service, his conduct was eminently distinguished and approved. The affection and esteem of his family and friends during life, and the mani- festation of their deep regret upon his decease, may be considered the best testimonials of the excellence of his private character. Leaving the church-yard, and returning to Douglas, by the Peel-road, the pedestrian will pass Port-e-chee, or the harbour of peace ; it is situate at the end of an extensive flat meadow on the left, and was formerly the residence of his Grace the Duke of Athol, but is now the property of Sir George Drinkwater. At Port-e-chee bridge, or the Quarter- bridge, by which name it is generally called, (and where .the pedestrian can rest and refresh himself, if he think proper,) the road on the right leads to the Castletown road, and that on the left to the pretty village of 86 Onchan, or to the sands of Douglas bay. Proceed- ing onward by the main road, the visitor will come to Ballabrooie, the castellated villa of Robert M'Guffog, Esq. ; many years Comptroller of the Customs, for the port of Douglas, but recently ap- pointed Collector of Fowie, in Cornwall; not far from which, is Mount Vernon, the seat of Doctor Curran, very pleasantly situated, but almost secluded from the eye of the traveller; adjoining which is Burleigh, the beautiful villa of F. Byne, Esq., near which is Thornton Lodge, the admired residence of Edw. Forbes, Esq. ; at the foot of the hill, on an eminence on the left, stands Belmont, the splendid demesne of G. W. Dumbell, Esq. ; at the summit of the hill on the left, are extensive strawberry gardens, kept by Mr. J. Jolly, where our pedestrian may walk in and regale himself at a moderate expense ; a few yards from the gardens on the opposite side of the road, is the handsome seat of Colonel Goldie, quite concealed from view by a heavy wall ; it is occupied by John Duggan, Esq. Having brought our visitor safe back to Douglas, we recommend him to amuse himself for the remainder of the day in any manner most congenial to his habits and inclination, and make us his companion in his SECOND DAY/'s RAMBLE, Like Dr. Syntax, in search of the picturesque. If the tide be out, it should be along the shore, but otherwise by the Commercial Bank, up Prospect Hill, and along Finch Road, in which there are many respectable mansions, with fine sea-views ; and here we recom- 87 mend our companion to visit the " House of In- dustry," which rears it crest upon an elevation on the left hand, having more the appearance of a place of worship than a receptacle for the destitute, and he will there see what Manxmen, aided and assisted by the kind, generous, and open-hearted inhabitants of the parent country, who have selected this happy, salubrious and peaceful Island for their residence, have been able to effect without a compulsory tax. The site on which the premises are erected was pur- chased ; the building reared from the foundation, and furnished ; and the inmates 80 in number, are annu- ally supported by the contributions of the humane and affluent. Returning into Finch Road, at the ex- tremity of which is a beautiful marine villa, erected by the late R. Steuart, Esq., many years Receiver-General of the Island. Since the decease of that gentleman, it has been purchased by the Misses Dutton, and con- verted into a Seminary for young ladies, under their immediate superintendance. For its size, it is one of the most complete things of the kind to be met with. The villa, and grounds, which are extensive and laid out with great taste, are enclosed by lofty walls. Proceeding onward, the visitor will arrive at Castle Mona Lodge, where he will find excellent accom- modation, and where there is, as we before stated, a very large horse and carriage establishment. Passing through the gates, our visitor can take either the right or left hand road, down to the princely fabric. The saloon is splendid and magnificent ; the other apart- ments are lofty and elegantly furnished ; the spirited proprietor has recently added to the Castle, the much 88 desired accommodation of a spacious general coffee and news-room for the reception of parties frequenting the grounds, where steaks, chops, soups, dinners, &c, may be had on moderate terms; the surrounding pleasure grounds are planted and cultivated so as to draw forth and embellish all their natural advan- tages, and are so truly picturesque and romantic, that to wander over them must afford gratification, and be highly interesting to the stranger. In the Castle is a good billiard table ; hot, cold, and shower baths ; as well as bathing machines for such as prefer laving in the ocean. Having viewed the exterior, we recommend our friend to go into the saloon, and after having refreshed himself, to ascend the heights above, which he can do by a winding path, which, by looking around him he cannot fail to discover. On arriving at the summit he will have a view of Woodville, formerly the pro- perty of the "Isle of Man Building Company," whose original intention was to erect villas, and form a little town, of which the annexed plate is a repre- sentation ; unfortunately, however, the company was dissolved before the object was carried into effect, and the property has been disposed of in lots ; but as the major part has fallen into the hands of affluent and spirited gentlemen, there is still reason to hope that the undertaking will arrive at maturity. From this elevated station, many delightful residences are in view on the hill, as well as on the lawn beneath. The prospect has none to vie with it on the Island* Descending from the heights, and proceeding along the road which is now fenced off from the sea, the $ o o o pp 89 visitor will arrive at Rock Villa, a beautiful and romantic residence erected by the late J. Mc. Crone, Esq., and now occupied by his widow ; immediately after which at Marion Ville, the handsome summer residence of — Simpson, Esq. ; and then at an elegant Crescent of respectable dwelling houses, erected at the foot of the Cliff, amongst which is a very comfortable and respectable hotel, now occupied by Mr. Scruton, long known as Cloke's Crescent Hotel ; and a large Academy, or Boarding School for young gentlemen, conducted with great success by Mr. Steele ; farther on is Strathallan Crescent, a number of very beautiful cottages; and at the termination of the sands is Derby Castle, the property of Captain Pollock, a magnificent mansion, fit for the reception of any family of dis- tinction. From hence, the visitor may retrace his steps along the shore, or if he prefer extending his walk, he can ascend the hill, on the brow of which is Summer Hill, the property of Deemster Heywood, and in a very short space of time, he will enter the village of Onchan. From the eminences in this parish, there are some charming sea views, and beautiful landscapes, and various parts of the English coast are distinctly seen on a fine day. The eye delighted roves over the vast expanse of water, and admires it under all its fluctuations. ADDRESS TO THE OCEAN. When calm thou seem'st, as Phoebus' flickering gleams With glitt'ring brilliance on thy glassy brow, Like earthly glory, transient as its beams, That shine as fiercely and as false as thou. 90 Thjr boUt'rous billows batter the rude rock, That, tow'ring proudly, dares tby fiercest storms, While thunders sound the charge to every shock, And banner'd lightnings rear their forked forms. A world of elemental pow'r art thou, An agitated universe of soul : — What are a million Caesars to thee now — Ten million hosts to thy tremendous roll ? Methinks thy wild waves speak the track of time, A rapid, rolling, and resistless stream, Terribly swift, yet solemnly sublime, No power can reign, no penitence redeem. From these eminences the vessels coming into, and going out of the bay, present a pretty appearance. A great variety of marine plants and mosses, tinged with the most beautiful shades are to be met with in the creeks and bays of the coast around this village; and there are also some curious caves scooped out of the rocky shore, which are frequently the resort of pic-nic boating parties from Douglas. The land about Onchan is exceedingly fertile, and there are immense nursery grounds, and a remarkably large green-house. The church and church-yard, are generally the first objects that attract the attention of the stranger, who seems instinctively to take a comprehensive range over the mouldering ashes of those, who, though once alive to the sweetest emotions of the mind, are now removed to a heavenly mansion, where " Scenes of love, and joy, and bliss immortal reign." A new church, with a tower and spire, has lately been erected out of the funds raised in England, by 91 Bishop Ward, and the Rev. H. Stoweil ; it is capable of containing 500 persons. In the church-yard is a specimen of an ancient cross ; and on the highest step of the old church, was a rude carving of a warrior? with some Runic characters thereon. Having introduced our stranger into the village by the low or shore road, we shall conduct him hack by the high or main one ; he will pass Bemahague, the seat of Deemster Heywood, and shortly afterwards Glencrutchery, the admired and romantic residence of Calcot Heywood, Esq. ; after which, there is no seat until he arrive at the mansion of J. Schaw, Esq., nearly opposite the lodge of w T hich, the road branches off, and he will pass Woodbourne, the beautiful villa of Mrs. Harrison, and soon arrive again at Douglas. Should he, however, prefer the strait road from Mr. Schaw's lodge, he will arrive at a very pleasant spot, on which have been erected a great number of con- venient houses, constituting "Stanley Terrace,'' after which he will again reach the shore. We have been minute in our description, (perhaps, tediously so,) but we w T ere anxious to render this little publication, what its title represents it to be; " a guide to conduct visitors round the Island/ 5 without sub- jecting them to the inconvenience and unpleasantness of applying to strangers on the road for information, and we trust that our intention will be duly and pro- perly appreciated. EXCURSIONS. We recommend the visitor to make Peel his first visit; the ruins of the castle, &c. cannot fail to repay 92 every expectation formed of them. The castle, for its situation, antiquity, strength, and beauty, may justly be styled one of the wonders of the world, art and nature having seemed to vie with each other in its formation ; it is built on a high rock, which rears itself a stupendous height above the level of the sea, by which it is surrounded, and is fortified by several of less magnitude. The insulated rock on which this ruin stands is called Sodor; the etymology of which word has given rise to much discussion, and the origin of the title has been a long time a disputed question ; some contend that the Hebrides being divided into two sections, the northern were called Nordureys, and the southern Sudereys ; the latter of which constituted the Isle of Man. The Sudereys, one writer says, were latinized into Insula? Soderenoes, and that Sodor comes from Soderenses is as clear as the light of the noon-day sun." Camden, Buckingham, and all the early writers assert that the rock on which the castle stands was called Sodor, and as it was the seat of the bishopric, and the site of the cathedral, it was suf- ficiently important in any ecclesiastical point of view, to give an additional title to the bishoprick, as a spot, "from which savage clans and roving barbarians derived the light of knowledge," it merits being rank- ed with Iona; for hither Scottish Kings were sent for education by their laws, and Mann was the foun- tain of all honest learning and erudition. In this conjecture Lord Teignmouth fully concurs. Part of the road to Peel, as far as Kirk Braddan church, has been described in page 85th ; about half- w £ HHb •'•• 93 a-mile from which church, are the Union Mills, where there is a manufactory for woollen cloths, conjoined with a corn mill. A short distance from the Union Mills on the right, is Ballavar, Mrs. Howard; and accompanied by many in- telligent Manx gentry, but neither he nor they were aware of the fact, until, on one occasion, an experi- enced old man happening to be one of the hands, named the existence of this singular passage, which was not known to his fellow boatmen, and through it he and his friends accordingly went. Some years afterwards the same gentleman was again visiting the Calf, and desired the boatmen to pass through the opening, when, to his great surprise, not one of thera knew of its whereabout and even declared it impossible to exist concealed from their knowledge, as each had been bred and born upon the coast. The gentleman, however, being known to the boatmen, and having declared that he had passed through it himself, was desired to point out the opening, and accordingly took the party through, there being in fact not the smallest danger in perfectly smooth water ; though it would be madness to risk the attempt under any other cir- cumstances. The entrance is extremely narrow, not much ex- ceeding a boat's width ; after pushing in for some yards, the cavern becomes perfectly dark, and so con- tracted, though very lofty, as to bring the boat's sides almost in contact with the rock, in fact she must be guided along by shoving with the hands on either side. After passing in this mode for very many yards, a star-like appearance becomes visible at a great height over head, which is but the light breaking through a kind of eye in the rock ; towards this the adventurous h no tourist approaches, and when he arrives under it, he will find himself in a vast opening underneath Spanish Head, in a light as clear as noon-day ; the arch over his head towering to an enormous altitude, and the water underneath him many fathoms greater in depth, yet clear as crystal ; the outlet from thence cannot be mistaken, as the tourist can see his way throughout. The Calf is nearly five miles in circumference, and comprises an area of 600 acres, part of which is under cultivation ; it is the property of Mrs. Drink- water, whose late husband purchased it from the late Duke of Athol; it is in the occupation of Mr. Wm. Shepherd, who has fitted up a comfortable house, where visitors may be accommodated not only with refreshments, but with the use of fishing tackle and guns and ammunition, for the destruction of sea- fowl and rabbits, with which the Island abounds, nearly 1200 couple of the latter being killed, on the average, during the winter season. Falcons used to abound much in the Island, and Falconry, in all probability, was practised here, as the Lord was obliged to present a cast of them to the Monarch on his coronation ; besides which, the de- struction of them was prohibited by law. The Fal- cons of Mann were celebrated and exported, probably trained in the Island. There are still a few remain- ing ; and Lord Teignmouth accounts for this, by their most voracious enemies, foxes and 400 feet in height, on the top of which two hand- some lighthouses have been very advantageously erect- ed for the protection of vessels. Opposite these, at the distance of about a mile and a half, is a reef of rocks called the Chickens, which is covered at high- water, and presents a very dangerous obstacle to ves- sels, as the current of the ebb from the sound sets full upon it. There is also a conical rock called the Stack, the position of which is delineated in the map. Tradition says that the Calf has, at different times, been the retreat of two hermits. The first in the reign of Elizabeth, who imposed upon himself a residence in that dreary solitude, as a penance for hav- ing murdered a beautiful woman in a fit of jealousy. 112 In one of the recesses is a small circle of erect stones, which appears to have been the temple of some lonely hermit. " Perch'd on a cliff that awes the astounded sight? In darkness and in storm he found delight, Where angry billows rouse the fearful deep, And far below the foaming waters sweep." " And oft the craggy cliff he lov*d to climb, When, all in mist, the world below was lost ; What dreadful pleasure I there to stand sublime, Like shipwrecked mariner, on the desert coast ; And view the enormous waste of vapour toss'd In billows lengthening to the horizon round." The other a Mr. Thomas Bushel, who took up his residence upon the highest precipice, in the time of James the 1st, in order to try the experiment how far a life of severe abstinence would promote longevity. There is still an old ruin called Bushel's House; it bears the outline of a small building, apparently con- sisting of two rooms. The following is stated to be the cause of his retirement from the world : w The embrions of my mines proving abortive, by the fall and death of Lord Chancellor Bacon, in James's reign, were the motives which persuaded my pensive retirements to a three years solitude, in the desolate isle called the Calf of Mann, where, in obe- dience to my dead Lord's philosophical advice, I re- solved to make a perfect experiment upon myself, for the obtaining of a long and healthy life, most neces- sary for such a repentance as my former debauched^ ness required, by a parsimonious diet of herbs, oil, mustard, and honey, with water sufficient^ most like 113 to that of our long-lived fathers before the flood, ai was conceived by that lord ; which I most strictly observed, as if obliged by a religious vow, till Divine Providence called me to a more active life." Whether this extraordinary ascetic died in his melan- choly retreat, tradition gives us no certain information, but as there is a place called Bushel's grave, we are led to suppose that he did so. In returning, the tourist should visit Fairy Hill, a noble barrow, which tradition reports was raised to perpetuate the memory of Reginald, King of Mann, who, on this spot, was killed in single combat with Ivar ; but from its situation, and its summit being flat, and surrounded by a parapet, it is more likely to have been one of the fortified hills of the early age. On his return our tourist may either take the road to Douglas, or proceed to Peel ; if he select the former, he can accomplish it without any further in- structions from us ; if the latter, he will pass Balla- gawne and Ballachurry, both seats of Edw. Gawne^ Esq. At the latter place may be seen, on the pillars of the entrance gate, two immense cannon balls, bearing the following inscription : — " Fired into His Majesty's ship Superb, while passing the Dardanelles, in 1806. " Also, Bell Abbey, that of A. Dawson, Esq. then Colby ; after which the pretty village of Arbory, which derives its name from having once abounded with trees ; then Parville, the handsome villa of G. Quirk, Esq. ; a little further on, Kirk Malew, and the limestone quarries ; three miles beyond which, considerably to the right of the road, is St. Mark's Chapel ; then passing between the mountains of South 114 Barule and Cordoman, he will arrive at the Foxdale Mines, which are described at page 48 ; and at about three miles further he will fall into the road at Balla- craine. THIRD DAY'S EXCURSION, To the northern part of the Island ; the first part of the road to which, viz. to St. John's, our tourist is well acquainted with ; at that place he will turn to the right, and proceed through a deep and solitary glen, and then ascend a steep tiresome hill, of more than a mile in length, called Craig Willie's Hill, after which the country possesses no attraction for several miles ; but as the beautiful village of KIRK MICHAEL is approached the scenery is greatly improved, and several pleasant cottages meet the view. At the en- trance to the village is a small Court-house, in which the Northern Deemster occasionally transacts business, nearly adjoining which is the Crown and Mitre, a comfortable hotel, kept by Mr. Stacey Gee, an agri- culturist to a great extent ; the tourist will experience from the fascinating hostess, and every one under her control, the most polite and attentive consideration. Kirk Michael is a place, independent of the beautiful scenery around it, interesting, as having been the borne scene of Bishop Wilson's active benevolence for more than half a century. The Church is nearly in the centre of the village ; it is a newly erected building, being one of those raised principally from funds obtained for the purpose 115 in England, by the late Bishop Ward and the Rev, Hugh »S to well. There are no records to prove when the old church was built, but the register begins in 1611. The first thing which attracts attention in the Church-yard is the plain tomb to the memory of Bishop Wilson, for a description of which seepage 18. In and near the church-yard are various stones and monumental relics, on which are chiselled numerous devices of horses, riders, dogs, and stags, with runic characters, which being differently translated by various antiquarians, we decline inserting, but substi- tute instead the following lines of Southey : " Thus o'er some antique ruin, time defaod, The sons of science oft delight to stray, To trace the inscription on the desert waste, And pierce time's dark veil by its lucid ray. " But vain the labours of th' enquiring sage, If thence the mind no moral truth sublimes ; Nor learns from heroes of a distant age, To love their virtues, and to shun their crimes." Bishops Hildesley, Mason, and Crigan, were also buried in this church-yard. The vicarage house is pleasantly situated at the end of the village, the present incumbent is the Rev. J. Brown, the Episcopal Registrar. About one mile from Kirk Michael is the Episcopal palace, or bishop's court. The arms of the Bishoprick are, on three as- cents the Virgin Mary 3 her arms extended between 116 two pillars ; on the dexter, a church ; in base the ancient arms of Mann. are, J. Duke street. Kewley, H: Fort street. CABINET MAKERS. Bell, J. Castle street. Cleator, C. North Quay. CowJe, T. Lord street. Edgar & Caley, Prospect hill. Maxwell, J. Athol street. Moore, P. Peel road. CARVER & GILDER. Cashen, P. South Quay. CHEMISTS & DRUGGISTS. Atkinson, W. Duke street, Buttervvorth, — North Quay. Corrin R. H. Duke street. Gell, W. Quay. Kelly, R. G. Market Place. Moore & Co. Market Place. CHINA, GLASS, &C. Ormerod, P. Duke street. Swales, Thomas, Fort street. Thompson, W. H. Duke st. COACH BUILDERS. Bell,W. Fort street. Cannell & Perry, Castle st. Dale, J. & Co. Parade. CONFECTIONERS. Callow, Miss, Duke street. Christian, W. Sand street 127 Greaves Mr*. New Bond st. Jordan, Mrs. Lord street. Oates, Miss E. Gt George street. Shipley, J. Duke street. COAL FACTORS. Clague, N. Sand street. Hogg, John, North Quay. Torrance Gavin, Duke street. COOK SHOP. Hamilton, J. Duke street. CORN CHANDLERS. Boscow, N. Church street. Whiteside, H. South Quay. DRAPERS. Cubbin, Messrs. Duke street. Hallawell, — King street. Harris, S. Custom house quay Luckman, F. Lord street. Nowlin, Wm. Duke street. Smith, Mrs. Duke street. Stephen & Kissack, Duke st. Wilson, Messrs. Duke street. Wood, M. Duke street. DRESSMAKERS. Cannell, Miss, Moore's place. Caren, Miss, John street. Cain, Miss, Bigwell street. Crebbin, Miss, Duke street. Clague, Mrs. Shaw's Brow. Clarke, Miss, Drumgold strt. Collister, Mrs. Church street. Cottier, Mrs. George street. Cowley, Miss, Fairy ground. Craughan, Miss, Sand street. Fenton, Miss, George st. Hey wood, Miss, Factory lane. Healis, Miss, Church street. Iuche, Misses, Hanover st. Kennaugh, Misses, Queen st. Kerruish, Miss, Church st. Killey, Mrs. Athol street. Kneale, Mrs. Drumgold st. Kneale, Miss J. Wellington square. Kewley, Miss, Hanover st. Lewin, Miss, Fancy street. Morrison, Miss, Mucklesgate. Quayle, Miss, St. George's P. Quayle, Miss, Victoria place. Qiliggin Miss, James st. Quirk, Miss, Cambrian PI. Smith, Miss, Shaw's Brow. Stephen, Misses, Gt. George street. Tattersall, Misses. Athol st. Watterson, Miss Factory lane Wallace, Misses, Sand street. White, Miss, North John st. DYERS. Grandin, S. Church street. Wright, G. Great Nelson st. GLOVERS. Bevan, J. Duke street. Kewin, T. Factory lane. GREEN GROCERS. Jolly, John, Peel Road. M'Clean, Mrs. Sand street. Preston, Mrs. Post Office L. GROCERS, WINE AND SPIRIT DEALERS. Marked thus * are also Pro- vision Dealers. *Boscow, N. Lord street. *Cain, D. New Bond street. Calvin, J. Duke street. Clarke, A. King street. Clarke, J. Quay. Cowen, T. Church street. Clague, N. Sand street. Clague, Mrs. Chapel Row. Crebbin, Messrs. Duke street. Craughan, Miss, Duke street Duff, W. k Co. Duke street, Duff, R. Market place. ♦Fell J. Castle street. Gelling, E. New Bond street. Heelis, L. & S. Chapel Row. Hogg* J- North quay. •Killey, J. Queen street. 128 *Killip, — Church street. Laurence, H. Duke street. ♦Laurence, H. Sand street. Lewin, James, Duke street. •Magtath, J. Duke street. *Moore P. Sand street. *RadcIiife, J. Sand street. *Roney, R. Duke street. Roskell, R. & J. Market pi. •Shimrain, R. Great Nelson street. Torrance, G. & Co. Duke st. Thompson, W. H. Duke st. "Thompson, W. H. Sand st. GUNSMITH. Killey, P. Lord street. HAIR DRESSERS. Brew, R. Quay. Cubbon, R. James's street. Fielding", J. North Quay. Hampton, — Sand street. Kewley, C. Factory lane. Moore, J. New Bond street. Owen, R. Quaj'. Sloan, W. Duke street. Younghusband, J. James st. HATTERS. Callow, T. Lord street. Cannell, R. King street. Kerruish, J. Duke street. Kinrade, T. Queen street. Luckman, F. Lord street. HERRING CURERS. Holmes, J. South quay. Hogg, J. North quay. Stowell, H. Post Office lane. Quiggin, W. & Co. Bridge, HORSE SHOER. Wilson, — Fort street. See also Blacksmiths. HOTELS. Crelley, T. (King's Arms,) Church street. Heron, G. (Castle Mona). M'Kenzie, J; (York), Parade. Nelson, J. (British) Market p! . Poole, W. (Albion), Parade, Robinson, (late RedfernY), James street. Scruton, W. (late Cloke's), Crescent. Statham, T. (Victoria) Quay. INNS. Braid, T. Moore's Court. Cain, P. Queen street. Lewis W. Mueklcsgate. Miller, Mrs. Drune's lane. Lane, L. Factory Lane. Saqui, J. Steam-packet quay. INSURANCE AGENTS. Clark, A. (Union), King st. Cleator, C. (West Middlesex;, North quay. Dickie, Wis. "(Caledonian), Prospect Hill. Dickenson, J. (Pelican, &c.) Stanley Terrace. Duggan, J. (Marine), Quay. Harris, J. (Standard Life As- surance,) Mount Pleasant. Moore, James & Son, (Sun), Factory lane, Whiteside, H. (Clerical, &c), South Quay. IRON FOUNDER. Gelling-, Mrs. South quay. IRON MONGERS. Gelling, Mrs. Market place. Ormerod, P. Duke street. Shear wood, R. Duke street. JEWELLERS. Lemon, A. & M. Duke street. See also watchmakers. LAND SURVEYORS. . Blake* J. Post Office Lane. Corteen, R. Peel Road. Jefferson andKayll, Duke st LIVERY STABLES. Braid, T. James Street. Cain* P. Queen Street. 120 Dale, J. and C**. Parade. Hensley, — Cattle Mbua. Hunter, J. Prospect Hill. Jo wilt, G. South Quay. Oniric, P. Great Nelson Street. Robinson, — Fort Street. Starkey, P. Sand Street. LODGING HOUSES. Andrew, J. Stanley Terrace. Bate in an, Mrs. Prospect Hill. Brittain, John, MonaTer. Callow, G. Duke Street. Cancel!, R. Great Nelson St. Car ran, W. J. IV! on a Terrace. Claque, T. Great Nelson St. ('ebb, Mrs. Castle Street. Cot teen, R. Peel Road. Cowle, R. Lord Street. Crctney, J. Athol Terrace. Creer, Mrs. Athol street. Cubbon, Mrs. King- Street. Curphey, Mrs. North Quay. Curphey, J. Thomas Street. Curpli ey , Miss, M o n a Terr ac p . Curphey, — Great Nelson St. Currin, Miss, Quay. Davis, John, Peel Road. Duff, Mrs. Finch Road. Edgar, Edward, Athol street. Ferguson, Capt. South Quay. Garrett, J. Castle Lawn. Gawne, Mrs. James Street. Gell, R. New Bond street. Greaves, Mrs. Mona Terrace. Hannah, Miss, Castle Lawn. Harrison, Mrs. Hanover St. Hart, Mrs. Athol Street. Howarth, R. Thomas Street. Imeson, C. Stanley Terrace. Jolly, J. Peel Road. Kelly, Mrs. Mona Terrace. Kennaugh, Misses, Queen St. Kermode, J. Duke's Lane. Kerruish, J. Duke street. Kneale, J. Crooked Lane. Kneale, D, Great George st. Laurence, Mrs. Duke street. Maxwell, J. Mona Terrace. Meldau, Mrs. North Quay. Moore, Mrs. Sand street. Moore. Miss, Athol street. M'Qailliftit, Mrs. i"i^\ Road. Gates, R. Athol street, Pearson, Mrs. South Quay. Penrice, J. South Quay. Quayie, Miss, St. George pi. Quine, Mrs. Gt. George st. , Red fern, J. Athol street. Sandford, N. Mona Terrace. Steward, E. Factory Lane. Tattersali, Mrs. Athol street. Tear, Mrs. Athol street. Vernon, W. H. Crescent. Walls, W. New Bond street. Whiteside, H. South Quay. White, J. Mount Pleasant" Williams, Mrs. Parade. MERCHANTS. Ducrsran, J. Quay, (Wines, Spirits and Tea J , Fleetwood, E. North Quay, (Wines, Spirits, and Tea.) Green, H. Parade, (Wines, Spirits and Tea,) Karris, S. Quay, (Wines, Spirits and Tea.) Jefferson, G. Duke street, — (Wines, Spirits and Tea.) Matthews and Son, Quay, — (Wines, Spirits, and Tea.) Moore, and Co. Bridge, — (Timber, &c.) Quiggin, W. and Co. Bridge, (Timber, &fcL) Spittall, A. New Bond street, (Wines, Spirits and Tea.) MILLERS. Boscow, A. Church street, Dalrymple, J. Union Mills. Donaldson, R. Bailaughton. Lewin, R. Corrau's Mill. - Tate, J, Nunnery Mill; 130 MILLINERS AND STRAW BONNET MAKERS. Marked thus * sell Toys. Bonny man, Miss, Athol st. Cain, Misses. John street. Cain, Miss, Great Georges st. Callow, Miss, N. John street. Carran, Misses. Fancy street. Clark, Misses, Sand street. Claras, Miss, Castle street. *('oole, Mrs. Lord street. *Craughan, Miss, Duke street. Corran, Miss, Duke street. Cretney, Miss, Athol Place. Cunin. Miss, Quay. Currin, Mrs. John street. Davies. Mrs. Sand street. *Hart, Miss, Duke street. Kelly, Miss, Church street. Lane, Misses, Well Road. *Lewthwaite, Miss, Duke st. Meldau, Miss, North Quay. Nicholson, Mrs. Sand street. Quiggin, Mrs. King street. Quilliam, Miss, John street. *Robertson, Miss, Doke st. Stewart, Misses, Church st. *Taggart, Misses, Duke strt. Tate, Mrs. Sand street. MINISTERS. Ashworth, J. (P. Methodist), Duke street. Brown, R. (Kirk Braddan), Braddan. Cannell, J. (St. Matthew's), Stephen's place. Cannell, John, (Methodist), fiew Bond street. Carpenter, Wm. (St. Barna- bas'), Finch Road. Drake, T. R. (Curate ditto), Gt. Georges street. Craine, E. (Kirk Onchan), Onchan. Hartwell, F. (St. George's), Piacb Road. Day, F. M. (Curate ditto), Finch Road. Raining, S. (Independent), Athol street. Heys, Robert, (Methodist), Harris Terrace. Jobling, T. (P. Methodist), Athol Court. M'Lean, W. (Scotch Kirk), Finch Road. Magrath, P. (R. Catholic), Athol street. Stevenson, Henry, (Mariner's Church)? Harris Terrace. MUSEUM. Wallace, J.R. George street. NEWSPAPERS. See page 71. PAINTERS AND GLAZIERS. Bell, C. Fort Street. Caren, J. Prospect Hill. Crellv, T. Church street. Fell and Son, Peel Road. Gell, Matthew, South Quay. Gill & Nicholson, Church st* Hudson, C. Fort street. Quilleash and Kaye, North Quay. PHYSICIANS. Cookson, — Castle Lawn. Hulme, J. H. Finch Road. Hutchinson, — Finch Road. PLASTERERS. Garrett, J. Castle Lawn. Moore, R. Duke street. M'Kenzie, W. Prospect Hill. Tyson, T. Shaw's Brow. PLUMBERS. Adams, G. Hanover street. Gelling, Mrs. Market place Wallace, Henry, George's st. PRINTERS. See page 71. PROFESSORS. Biffi, S. (Piano Forte,) Strang. 131 Davis, J. (Organ & Piano,) Athol street, Webbe, J. (Piano, Singing 1 , &c.) Finch Road. Williss, Miss, (Piano & Sing- ing-,) Finch Road. PROVISION DEALERS. See also Grocers and Bakers. Anderson, T. Drumgold st. Bevan, J. Duke street. Covvle, E. Sand street. Curphey, P. Hanover street. Egan, W. Duke street, Kelly, Miss, Drumgold st. Kelly, — Great Nelson st. Kneale, — Drumgold street. Muncaster, Mrs. Factory lane Moore, N. King* street. Saurey, M. Bigwell street. Shirnmin, R. Sand street. Shimmin, Miss, Fancy street. PUBLICANS. Baines, W. Parade. Bell, Mrs. Duke street. Bridson, — Quay. Callow, W. Peel Road. Christian, Mrs New Bond st. Clarke, T. Quay. Clague, J. King- street. Clague, J. Drurie's lane. Cowen, T. Duke street. Cowen, W. Sand street. Cowen, Thomas, Chapel row. Cowell, J. Sand street. Crellin, John Mueklesgate. Cubbon, Miss, Post Office P. Dixon, Mrs. Quayle's lane. Edwards, John, Sand street. Fell, Mrs. Hanover street. Forster, G. Big well street. Gell, M. South Quay. Gelling, Thos. Chapel row. Hennedy, M. Quay. Hensley, — Castle Mona Lodge. Kelly, W. Drumgold street. Kelly, J. Quay. Kinrade, T. Queen street. Lowe, Thomas, Mueklesgate, Lowe, A. Gt Nelson street. Mitchell, — North Quay, Mylrea, Mrs. New Bond st. M'Clelland. — Queen street. Proctor, J. Lord street. Redfern, W. Quay. Robinson, Mrs. King street. Sayle, — Sand street. Seddons, S. Quay. Skiilicorn, J. Lord street.' Skillirorn, Mrs. Fairy ground Spring, Mrs. ditto. Starkey, P. Sand street. Stephen J. Church street. Taubman, C. James street. Tatlock, J. Bigwell street. Topliss, W. North Quay. Wallace, Mrs. Sand street. White, J. Queen street. Younghusband, J. Quay. ROPERS. Aiken, J. & Co. Woodbourne. Craughan, A. Duke street. Moore and Co. Bridge. Quiggin and Co. Bridge. SADDLERS. Corran, W. King street. Cubbon, J. Market Place. Kennaugh, C. Sand street. SAIL MAKERS. Aiken, J. and Co. Baths. Kermode and Co. Quay. Moore, P. North Quay. SHIP-BUILDERS. Aiken, J. and Co. Baths. Moore and Co. Bridge. Quiggin, W. & Co. Bridge. Williamson, — Tongue. STEAM PACKET AGENTS. See page 67* SURGEON'S. Elliott, — Athol street, 132 Garrett & Harrison, Athol sjt. Greer, — Athol street. Nelson, T. Quay. Oswald, II. H. Finch Road. Quine, W. Church street. Sayle, — Athol street. Scarff, H. Athol street. Spencer, F. H. Athol street. . TAILORS. Marked thus * are also Drapers. *Carran, J. Duke street. *€reer, W. Duke street. Cain, R. Lord street. ' Cain, T. Muckies' Gate. Cain, D. Lord street. Cain, J. Thomas street. Cretney, J. Thomas street. Curphey, J. Thomas street. Gamhel, J. Sand street. *Hales, J. Duke street. Kelly, R. Factory lane- Kelly, — Sand street. *Kerruish, IJ. Duke street. *Kneale, J. Duke street. Kneale, H. Barrack street. ^Morrison, G. Lord street. TALLOW CHANDLERS. HaininpT, J. Prospect Hill. Kelly, W. Hanover street. TANNERS. Sevan, J. Well Road. Cain, T. Finch Road. Corran, Mrs. Thomas street. Craine, C. King street. Gell, R. Back street. Kennangn, C. Sand street. Killey, P, North John street. TEACHERS. Armstrong-, Mrs. Market Pla. CanViell, Rev. J. Woodbourne Terrace, (Grammar.) Cannell, C. Bath Place. Christians Miss, B. Castle st. Cool, Mrs. North John street, (Infant.) Corteen, R. Peel Road. Costain, Miss, Athol street, Cretney, J. Athol street, — (National.) Cubbon, W. Post Oiliee Place. Cubbon, J. Society Lane. Clucas, Misses, Fort street. Button, Misses, Marina, — (Boarding) Dutton, Miss E. Athol street, (Day and Boarding.) Forrester; W. Shaw's "Brow. Garvin, J. H. a.m. Oak Hill, (Boarding). George, Mrs. Victoria Terrace (Day and Boarding.) Hodgson, Miss, Athol street, (Day and Boarding.) I.meson, C. Stanley Terrace. Kneale, Mrs. Athol street, (National.) Steele, A\ex f Crescent, (Day and Boarding). Stoweil, Misses, Prospect H. (Day and Boarding). Thomson, Misses, Athol str. (Day and Boarding). Vernon, W. H. WelfRoad, (Wes. Methodist Day). TINMEN. Green, I. King street. Mills, J. Duke street. Mills, J. Barrack street. Seddons. T. Quay. TOYSELLERS. Sevan, James, Duke street. Green, 11. North Quay. See also Milliners. TURNERS. Qualtrough, T. Lorci street. Tear, R. Queen street. WATCHMAKERS. Clucas, W. North Quay. Cottier, W. Duke street. Curphey, W. Duke street. Muncaster & Son, Factory I. FEB 15 1902 I