*5^#«- Class '^^4. Copyright N^ COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. THr tlBRARY CMf CONGRESS, Tuo Copies Received AUG. 14 1902 nCOPVTHQHT ENTHV Ci.*SS Ct- XXO. No. CDFY 8. » v?!^ Copyright, iqo2, BY The Kingston Board of Trade. "^Nets^ THE City of Kingston BIRTH PLACE OF HEW YORK STATE. A bit of its early hiistory, its rare qative attractions, ar\d its iTioderr\ advar^tages for busir^ess arid l^orr\e life, HOWARD HENDRICKS. I'URLISHliU HY THE KINGSTON BOARD OF TRADE. PREEMAN PRINT. o CO &^ Q "A < > C 1— I CO 1—1 "A O e (/) I— t o Proeaial WHILK this brochure is issued primarily to advance the interests of the City of King-ston in every ma- terial wav, no departure from the actual facts has been permitted on any pag-e of the work. Nothing- has been overdrawn or distorted to make a graphic or deceptive picture. If this descriptive enumeration of the advantages of King-ston as a manufacturing point and its many charms as a place of homes appears somewhat startling in allurement, to the average reader, it only emphasizes the importance and need of this little book all the more. Men and women do not stop often enoug-h to recount their blessings. Now for the first time in the history of this ancient and honored town are its varied attractions summarized and presented to the pub- lic in this concise and available form. For the lack of such information and statistics as have been g-athered especially for these pages and are here pre- sented for the first time, capitalists and home seekers may have been kept away in the past. Casual inquirers, who w^ere referred to this Board, received only such incomplete information as could be g-iven in an ordinary letter. But these pictures are the story of the camera and the sunlight, and the letter-press is designed to be alike accurate and truthful in the presentation of the facts, without any attempt to paint visionary ideals, or weave an\' filmy fabrics of a dream. < u O z I— I o o ^J z" o o I— I '^ CI. o o f— I P^ O Ph THE OT^D ELM. OVKR 250 YEAKS OLD. THIO OLDI<:ST INHABITANT. A VI'^CI'-.TAKIAN. Historical IT is now nearly thi-ee hundred years ag-o when Hendrick Hudson first stuck the prow of his old Dutch ship into the silvery mouth of the Hudson river. With favoring- .g-ales and mariner's skill, he cautiously proceeded up the beautiful stream, which was then known by the Indian tribes inhabiting- its banks as *' Cahohatatia," meaning-, river of the mountains. There is now some dispute among- historical writers as to whether this famous English navigator was reallv the first white man to visit this part of the New World. The probability is that Verrazano, the Italian navi- g-ator and explorer, preceded him by 85 years. But without stopping- to discuss that question, the records show that Hudson and his sailors found nothing but Indians during- this exploration of the Hudson river valley. They were in sole possession of the entire region, and remained so for long- years afterward. The next year, IhlO, the East India Company of Holland, sent a ship to trade with these aboriginal tribes. And soon after this, trading- posts were established at Manhattan, now New York, Fort Orange, now Albany, and at other interme- •diate points on the river, including Atkarkarton, at the mouth •of the Rondout creek. This was afterward called Esopus, and is now covered ])y the City of King-ston. It was the river outlet of one of the g-reat Indian trails, which led through the mountain forests west to the Delaware river. This vast wilderness then abounded with game and fur bear- 9 THE CITY HALL. ing- animals. For this reason Ksopus at once became one of the most important trading- posts on the river. Under a g-rant of Holland, in lhl4, the United New Netherland Company took possession of the Hudson river and valley and built forts or redoubts upon it, one at New York, one just below Albany, and the other at the mouth of the Rondout creek. The reg-ion was then occupied by the Alg-onquin Indians, the particular band or tribe in the Ksopus reg-ion, becoming- afterwards known as the " Esopus In- dians." In 162v), a few months prior to the landing^ of the PLAN OF STOCKADE, WILTWVCK, 1()5S. Outside lines represent stockade, i. The fortified part. 2. Block-house. 3. Gates to fortified part. 4. Outside gates. Double lines inside show streets. Pilg^rims at Plymouth Rock, the West India Company suc- ceeded to the entire control of this river section. Sharp barg-ains were driven with the natives and a very proti table traffic ensued. The Island of Manhattan, now part of New York, was purchased for S24 by this Dutch Company, and Peter Minuit, its first ag^ent, built a house there, becoming- the first Governor of the Province. He cultivated friendly relations with the savag-es and matters went on amicably for II THE FIRST REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH, WALL AND MAIN STREETS. some years. But in 1638, under Governor Kieft, all was chang-ed. His despotic and dishonest rule aroused great hostility among- the Indian occupants and owners of the land. An attempt was made to levy tribute upon them which was bitterly opposed. Kieft then proposed a war of extermina- tion, and all manner of depredation upon their crops and lands Avas permitted without reg-ard to rig-ht or justice. This, of course, fired the savag-e blood to the last deg^ree and ■J -'*^'^- ^^^.. ^v^ OLD CHUKCH GROUP. FROM ANCIICNT SKETCHES. On the right is shown the first stone structure of this ancient Dutch people, built about 1679, which stood nearly upon the site now occupied by the edifice pictured on the opposite page. The other sketch presents its appearance after its restoration from the fire of the Revolution. their distrust and enmity of the white trespasser was never afterward removed. The scalping- knife and the firebrand were at once resorted to without mercy. Not a settler's hut was left standing-. This was in the winter of 1()43, and the conflict lasted for two years. If previous to this there had n !*^^>^ O o a H P o u en THE OLD COURT HOUSE. Built early in the eighteenth century. State Constitution promulgateJ here April 22, 1777, amid pealing bells and rejoicing. Governor Clinton inaugurated here July 27, 1777. Chief Justice Jay held first term Supreme Court here September, 9, 1777. been any white settlers in this P^sopus rcg-ion, all were now driven out. Thus it was not until 1(>5.> that the first permanent set- tlement was really established. Then 'J^homas Chambers, an Eng-lishman, Mattys Hendrix, Christopher Davis, Johan De Hulter, and several of their neig^hbors, " desiring- peace and comfort," removed from some disputed territory in the vicinity of Albany to this "exceeding-l}'^ beautiful land" of Esopus. Some 76 acres of land were given them by the natives, and more was afterward purchased. Other settlers came in rapidly. De Hulter boug-ht a thousand acres from the Indians in 1654, which were patented by his widow three 15 1. ELMENDORF TAVERN. Fair and Maiden Lane. Built 1723. Council of Safety met here. 2. EXECUTIVE CHAMBER AND HOME OF GOV. CLINTON. Wall and North Front. Built in 1710. 3. VAN STEENBERGH HOUSE, Wall and Franklin. 4. BOGARDUS TAVERN, Fair and Maiden Lane. First State Assembly met here. years later. This tract was claimed by some to have cov- ered the site of Kino^ston ^'illat^e. But the little settlement was again scattered in 1655, because of the recurrence of the bitter Indian wars upon the Dutch at New Amsterdam. They fled from their homes and flocks, but returned in the fall when peace was declared. Thus in Ma}', 1<)5S, there were some sixty or seventy white people left in the Esopus settlement when thev ap- pealed to Governor Stuyvesant for assistance. Under his advice and direction they formed a villag-e and built a Stock- ade of defense ag"ainst the savag-e marauders, which was maintained for many years, becoming- the old villag^e of Kingston, and, later, the upper business section of the city. The wisdom of this fortification was soon apparent, for, althoug-h professing- friendship with the settlers, mutual dis- trust continued, and the whites were in continual fear of their lives and property at the hands of the red men. This culminated in another bloody massacre in which many suf- fered brutal torture and death. Governor Stuyvesant came from Manhattan with reinforcements in the fall of 1()59, and the little g-arrison was maintained. A formal declaration of war was issued in March, but peace was again effected dur- ing the summer, which ended the first Esopus war. On May 16, 1661, a formal charter was granted by Stuy- vesant, " Wiltwyck " being the name conferred, because the land was a free gift from the Indians. The houses at that time were principally built of logs, one story high, with a g'arret or loft. The Indian depredations continued from time to time. Instinctively the untutored savages felt they were the victims of injustice, and it rankled in their bosoms. Thus after only two years of corporate existence the poor settlers were again plunged into a scene of blood. Many were brutally slain and several homes were burned. There were then only about fifty houses in the place. 17 FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, ALBANY AVENUE. In May, 1^)64, another peace was arrang-ed, and in the following- September, by the capitulation of New Amsterdam to the Eno-lish g-overnment, the control of the entire Ksopus reg-ion passed with it from the Dutch. This proved a lasting- treaty with the Indians as the Esopus chief, Sewackenamo, solemnly promised. It was ratified by the delivery of a Wampum belt, which is still treasured among the ancient 19 I p m I— ( O o o O < archives of Ulster county. It is believed that soon after this the name '' King-ston " was bestowed upon the settlement. In fact, on September 25, 1()()9, an ordinance was adopted chansring- the name from Esopus and Wiltwyck to Kingston. This was in compliment to Governor Lovelace, of Manhat- tan, whose mother's family had a seat at King-ston L'Isle, Berkshire, Eng-land. The Esopus burg-hers had now arrived at a season of prosperity. They were living- in what was then regarded as the greatest corn g-rowing region in the State of New York. Nearly all the settlers were Dutch, and their chag-rin over the prospect of Eng-lish domination may well be imagined. Thus it was that they were imbued with a ray of hope with the return of Dutch rule on the recapture of New York by the Dutch fleet in July, 1673. They hastened to chang-e the name of their village to '' Swanenburg-h." But their joy was short-lived for the province was restored to English rule in November, 1674, and remained thus until the Declaration of Independence, over a hundred years later. The Indian troubles were now over, councils and con- ferences wdth the red men taking- the place of war and mur- der. But there were other forms of oppression about to begin, which, thoug-h far less violent, w^ere destined to be- come even more serious and intolerable because of their o-reater injustice. But without referring- in detail to the history of the ancient settlement during the succeeding- cen- tury, under the various Governors sent here by King-s James 11. and Georg-e II., so carefully recorded in Schoonmaker's History of Kingston, with the incomplete data in existence, it mav be said that during all this time the oppression of the people at the hands of dishonest and selfish rulers, who were pliant tools of foreign potentates, g-radually became unbeara- ble. Nowhere else in the province of New York was this tyranny more bitterly resented than here in Kingston where the old Dutch burghers had been tried in the fiery crucibles I of war and Indian devastation. Thus it was that in the final battle for Liberty, that culminated soon afterward, this peo- ple became distinctly noted in history as among- the truest and bravest patriots of the Revolution. It was a " pestifer- ous nest of traitors," in the eyes of the British forces. '' No taxation without representation," was the watchword of these settlers which became the war-cry of the immortal Declaration of Independence, and it never died. The sub- terranean mine of royalty and despotic rule, however un- consciously planted, was sure to explode. And when it did, there were more frag^ments to the square inch in King-ston than anywhere else in the American provinces. Wanton sport with human rig-hts would be tolerated no longer. Thus from the battle of Lexing-ton, in April, 1775, to the dawn of Liberty and Independence in 1782, the people of King-ston bore a conspicuous and honorable share in the g-reat strug-g-le for national life and the cause of Freedom. Many stirring- and important events that occurred in that formative period of the nation were enacted here, and some of them are fitly and publicly commemorated to this day. Most of the old wooden houses had long- since been replaced by very substantial dwelling-s of native limestone. So firmly built and masoned tog-ether were they that the hug-e walls are still intact, defying- the elements not only, but proving- almost impervious to the tools of workmen in cases of alteration or remodelling-. They are visited and examined with interest by sightseers from far and near. A few of these historic structures will be found pictured in this book. THE OLD STONE HOUSES. THE old Senate House on Clinton avenue, where the first Senate of the State of New York was org-anized and held its sessions, is among the most important of these. It was built in U)7(), and used as a private residence of the better class until the close of the Revolution. Then 25 <: p <^ o o H (/) O at the org-anization of the State g-overnment, which took place at King-ston in 1777, this house was used for the meeting-s of the Senate, the first session being- held there September 10, of that year. On the l()th of October, when the entire villag-e was pillag-ed and burned by the British under General \'aughan, this house was reduced to bare walls, like every other structure in the place save one. But for this calamity King-ston would probably have been selected as the capital of the State, as all the official business was transacted here, and PKES15VTEK1AN CHri\"CH, WUK IS SIKKKT. it was then reg-arded most central and easily accessible for the population. Tliis old house was (juickly restored, how- ever, and finally became the property of the State in 1887, to be preserved as a relic and memento of the historic past. It is daily visited by people from every land, who examine the rare collection of antiques and curios it contains wit'i absorb- 27 ^^ III I { II il iff !i !l 'j«s- ^- I * A^ -«- n CITY ALMS HOUSE, FLATBUSH AVENUE. r^: CITY HOSPITAL, BROADWAY. ing- interest. The only house which escaped the fire of 1777 is known as the VanSteenberg-h house, on Wall street. This is still standings in a g^ood state of preservation, thoug-h slig-htly remodelled. Another most important old structure is the stone Court House, also on Wall street. The orig-inal Court House and Jail were erected in 1782. This was afterward rebuilt and finally replaced by the present structure in 1818. To this extensive additions have been made of the most modern and substantial character in recent years. And today this old Court House is reg-arded as one of the finest and best preserved stone building-s erected in the beg-inning- of the last century. In front of this building-, on some plank-cov- ered barrels, the first constitution of the State was read to the people, who had assembled at the call of the bell in the old church tower. Here, also, Governor Clinton, the first State Executive, was inaug^urated July 27, 1777. And in this building- Chief Justice Jay held the first term of the Supreme Court, September 9, 1777. In the rear, on Crown street, a model Jail building-, of hug^e native limestone blocks, rock- finished with chilled-steel fitting-s, has just been completed at a cost of 875,000. Among- other noted old houses, still standing-, is the Elmendorf Tavern, corner of Fair street and Maiden Lane. Here the Council of Safety met and was in session on the 15th of October, 1777, when the first news of Burg-oyne's surrender was received. It was built in 1723, Diag-onally across the street was the old Bog-ardus Tavern, now replaced, where the first Assemljly of the State met and many important social functions were held. On the corner of Wall and North Front, stood another important stone house which was used by Governor Clinton as the first Executive Chamber of the State. Another old stone house, still standing- on the corner of Crown and John streets, was opened as an Academy school in May, 1774. This structure, tog-ether with those of the 29 -X^ »'i.*V-< =•*! •►jLji^ ,^ 1. RESIDENCE OF HON. S. B. SHARPE. MONUMENT TO THE 120tH NEW YORK REGIMENT, Erected by Gen. George H. Sharpe. SOLDIERS' AND SAILOKS" MONUMENT. old Dutch Church, have a history coeval with the settlement of King-ston itself, and will be referred to more in detail in another paragraph. In 1783 Cong-ress and the Nation were eag-erly looking- for a suitable site for the national Capital. The people of King-ston, supported by the Leg-islature of the State, sent a petition offering- two square miles of land within the town for this purpose. For a time there were hopes of success, 31 NORTH FRONT STREET. WALL STREET. LOWER BROADWAY. as the offer was reg-arded with favor. But each State put in a claim for the honor and the choice finally fell elsewhere. Kingston village, proper, was duly incorporated by an act of the Legislature in April, 1805. FAVORED LOCATION. THK wisdom and foresight of the early settlers of Kings- ton in selecting this site have never been questioned. No other spot in the eastern part of the State has ever presented so many advantages for the building and develop- ment of a large city. Situated nearly midway between the Capital at Albany and the great metroi)olis of the western continent, at the mouth of the finest navigable river in Amer- ica, which flows along the eastern boundary for over two miles, with one great trunk railway passing through its 3 33 MAIN STREET, EAST OF FAIR. BROADWAY, FROM WEST SHORE. centre, and another reached by ferry, and three other im- portant railways terminating- here and reaching- out into the interior sections of the State, with important connections, it would indeed be difficult to overestimate its value as a rail- way and commercial centre. As a deep tidewater port it has no equal on the Hudson, and it has long- been the most important commercial port on the river. More steamboats and other vessels are owned and 0})erated here than at any other point, and the facilities for shipment by water are thus unexcelled. Four ret^ular passenger and freight steamers leave the city daily for New York, Albany and intermediate points during- the season of navigation. It also enjoys the distinction of having the fleetest river steamboat in the world, the Mary Powell, which makes daily trips to New York and return for five months in the year, swallowing- the intervening- miles at a marvelous rate. There are also numerous yachts plying- between local river points almost hourly. Something- over fifty regular trains either arrive at or leave the King-ston Union Depot daily during- the summer season, in addition to those on the New York Central road reached by ferr\^ All trains stop for lunch at Kingston. The palatial steamers, New York and Albany, of the Hudson River Day Line, land daily at King-ston Point, bring-ing- thousands for the Catskill Moun- tain trains, the suburban resorts and the noted River Park, at the Point, during- the summer. King-ston is the g-reat river g-ateway to the romantic Catskills where the only all- rail facilities are provided by the trains on the Ulster & Del- aware Railroad, which passes through and over the south- western portion of the rang^e to Oneonta, where connection is made with the Delaware & Hudson system, one hundred and eight miles from the Hudson. Solid throug-h trains are also run to the famous Greene county section, and much the larg-er share of this g-reat summer mountain traffic is by this route. 35 SCENIC ATTRACTIONS AND SANITARY ADVANTAGES. A LARGE part of the city is built upon a level, elevated plateau, about one hundred and fifty feet above the river, and sufficiently above the lowlands bordering^ the Esopus creek on the north to obviate all dang-er from floods or hig-h water. Its scenic environment, nestled here between the great mountains and the broad, deep flowing- river, with the terracing hills sloping gently to its margin, is famed at home and abroad for its beauty and attractiveness. Nobody with a spark of sentiment or love of nature can look out from the windows of the fine City Hall, which stands on a rockv knoll near the centre of the city, in any direction, with- out a thrill of admiration. The towering- mountain peaks of the eastern Catskills, that pierce the sky in the blue distance of the northwest, the Shawangunk range on the southwest, the Berkshire Hills over across the Hudson on the east, and right in the foreground, the city itself, with its many build- ing's, broad, shaded streets, tall spires, massive brick factory walls with chimneys and smoke stacks belching- smoke and steam, moving- trains, trolley cars, long- lines of freig-ht cars, and the low hum of industry floating- in the air. All this and more comes to the beholder at this municipal centre of King-ston. The fertile soil, the broad lawns and gardens that surround the homes of rich and poor, are all conducive to health and comfort. The air comes direct from the Cats- kills, distilled afresh each day in the mysterious laboratories of the skies. T THE WATER SUPPLY. HE citv water is also obtained from that great health lul mountain region, being gathered there among the foot- hills into three large reservoirs, and led to the city by g-ravitation through nearly seventeen miles of main pipes, and then distributed by forty-two miles of street mains. I'he 37 o e C/3 CO o O O P Oh I— ( < < z Z o 1 I RESIDPZXCE OP^ MKS. J. L. VAX DKUSEN. " CLOVIOKLV. '' storag-e supply is about 305,000,000 g-allons, and the averag^e daily consumption 3,076,830 g-allons. There is a double line of mains from the storage supply, one of twenty inches, the other eighteen. The mechanical filtration ])lant has a capacit}- of (),00O,U0(i gallons daily. The water is delivered at an average pressure uptown of one hundred pounds to the square inch, and in the lower portion of the city at one hundred and twentv pounds. The water shed embraces an area of tliirty-five s({uare miles. The total cost of the system was about SS40,000, and it is regarded as one of the most complete in the State. The water is exceptionally pure and wholesome. A general system of sanitary sewers is provided in most parts of the city, and it is gradually being extended throug-h the different wards. The first, second and ninth wards already have complete systems. 41 o o "A There is a perfectly equipped Gas and Electric plant which supplies lig-ht, fuel and power to all parts of the city at very reasonable rates. There are at present about twenty- live miles of street ^'•as mains, and the averag-e daily con- sumption is about ()(),0i»(» cubic feet. residi:nce of johx k. cokdts. Good local traveling- facilities to most any part of the city are afforded by two trolley lines to the extent of eight miles in the city limits. Both are under one manag-ement, with a convenient system of transfers. The overhead trol- ley wire is employed. The Fire Department consists of ten separate companies with a full and complete modern ecjuip- ment that is well kept. There are three hundred and sixty- nine street tire hydrants, from which water is received at a force sufficient to reach the hig-hest structures. There is 43 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. No. 7. No. 6. No. 8. No. 5. also an effective Electric Alarm system by which fires are definitely located at once. Damage from destructive fires is therefore reduced to the minimum by effective fighting appliances. There are about seventy-two miles of streets regularly laid out. Of these about forty-seven miles have been im- proved, either by Telford, granite block, asphalt block, shale- RESIDENCIC OF HON. CHAKF.ES M. PKKSTON. brick or cobblestone pavement, or firm stone Macadam, t.>p- dressed and smoothly rolled. The present average cost of maintaining and improving the city streets is about 822,000 a year. The total assessment of property in the city, by the as- sessor's roll of 1901 is S11,2')S,2'»4. There are twenty-five churches, representing eight sep- arate religious sects or denominations. There is a well managed and modernly equipped Public Hospital, built on an 45 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. No. 2. No. 3. No. 9. No. 4. THK OLD ACADEMY, CORNHR JOHN AND CROWN STREETS. This ancient school was in full operation during the Revolution. Some of the most distinguished men of the country were educated here. KINGSTON ACADEMY, l'»()3. ACADEMY PARK. < O O I— t P < KINGSTON SAVINGS BANK. eminence near the City Hall; also a Free Public Library having- nearly five thousand volumes, for which a fine new building, costing- S3l 1, 000, the grift of Andrew Carnegfie, is now being- erected. The Young- Men's Christian Association has an eleg-ant new building in the central part of the city, erected at a cost of S4f),000. It includes a large public hall, a well fitted gym- nasium, reading room, parlors, and other convenient rooms. The association has over five hundred members and is under careful and progressive management, which labors efi^ec- tively for the welfare of the young men. 49 AMERICAN CIGAR FACTORY. .i r 1 RESIDENCE OF GEORGE J. SMITH. .1 MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. TllK character and extent of the industrial operations of Kingston are pointed to with pride in view of the fact that so large a share has come into existence or been developed within very recent years. Its peculiar advantages as a manufacturing- location have gradually come into public notice, and without any very aggressive effort on the part of the municipality or its conservative citizenship. There are a goodly number of wealthy residents, de- scendants of the good old Dutch stock, who, possessing enough of this world's goods for the comfort of themselves and their families, and finding the place most desirable for permanent residence, rarely stopped to consider the benefits which would ensue from an increase of population and the in- troduction of a large amount of live, new^ capital. But with the advent of the West Shore Railway came an important impetus in the development of the city in every way. and especially in manufacturing pursuits. New mechanical plants were constructed in different parts of the city, and new elements of social life were introduced. The population was increased nearly one-third in a few years and new build- ings went up in every direction. The two old villages of Kingston and Rondout, which had recently joined hands into the present city, now began to grow together in the centre and soon obliterated all appearance of the old division lines. Thus today, nearly two hundred and thirty-three years after the first adoption of the name Kingston, and thirty years since its incorporation as a city, the manufacturing interests represent a total capital of over three and a half million dollars, employing 4,S70 persons, with a weekly pay- roll aggregating over $37,000, producing articles annually valued'at over $5,000,000. It will thus be seen that at the present time nearly one-tifth of the people in Kingston are eno-atred in manufacturing pursuits within the limits of the 51 city, and they are receiving-, on an averag^e for men, women and children, a little over SI. 21 per dav in wag^es. It should be said, however, that a few of these operatives live outside the city, and fui-tluT. that a larg-e number are young- g-irls. Something- over thirtv separate industries are included in this list, and some fifty or more different plants. The larg-est single industry is that of cig-ar-making-. One of the larg-est cigar factories in the United States is in full operation here in the centre of the city, turning- out an V ■MT niv. AUG. 15 1902 AUG. 20 1902