P 234 
 .F8 KB 
 1922 
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America's Most Historic City 
 
 FREDERICKSBURG 
 
 A GUIDE TO 
 
 ITS POINTS OF INTEREST 
 
 " Proud of the marl^s and monuments it bears to testify 
 that its association with the country is such that her history 
 may not be Tvritten without the name of Fredericksburg. " 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 roBt. a. kishpaugh 
 
 FREDERICKSBURG, YA. 
 
 f COPYRIGHTED 1922 
 
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I FREDERICKSBURG | 
 
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 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 I ^I^HE visitor to Fredericksburg to-day finds, instead of the 
 
 ( JL easy-going town of ante-bellum days, an entirely new f 
 
 / place risen from the ruins of war and time, a modern city } 
 
 iof new buildings, up-to-date streets and other improvements. ] 
 
 The object of this little book is to furnish to the traveler j 
 
 i facts in the history of Fredericksburg, its many places of j 
 
 interest as well as up-to-date guide to the city, and to extend | 
 
 to all a " welcome to Fredericksburg." f 
 
 J The exact time the site of what is now Fredericksburg | 
 
 ( was visited by white men is not known, but the general | 
 
 i impression is that the first trip was in 1608 (one year after the | 
 
 landing at Jamestown). Capt. John Smith, the true founder J 
 
 iand father of Virginia, with a crew of twelve men and an 
 Indian of a Potomac tribe for a guide, came to the falls of the 
 . Rappahannock just above where Fredericksburg was afterward 
 
 f located, and had a severe fight with the Rappahannocks, whom 
 
 I he described as the most courageous and formidable savages 
 
 ] he had yet encountered, 
 
 [ The early history of Fredericksburg is full of events along 
 
 ithe general histor}- of the country, it being a center of trade, 
 the river being wider and deeper than at the present day, 
 J and ocean-going barges and schooners, laden with cargoes 
 
 . from the West Indies, Iviverpool and other ports came to 
 
 f Fredericksburg, and took on for their return voyage consign- 
 
 ( ments of tobacco and wheat to English and Scotch merchants. 
 
 } A fort was maintained near the falls of the Rappahannock, 
 
 I and with 250 men the town was legally founded in 1727, and 
 
 J was name for Frederick, son of George the Second. 
 
 I 
 
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 j i 
 
 1^ Before the introduction of railroads, trade was carried on by \ 
 
 what was known as " Road Wagons." These wagons were of i 
 
 huge dimensions, their curved bodies being, before and behind, f 
 
 I at least twelve feet from the ground. They had canvas ) 
 
 ] covers and were drawn by four and often six horses. Dur- i 
 
 \ ing the period from 1800 to the civil war, as many as three l 
 
 \ hundred was often seen on the streets and in the wagon yards \ 
 
 i of Fredericksburg at one time. The country to the Blue Ridge s 
 
 f Mountains, even to counties in the Valley of Virginia, was ( 
 
 I thus supplied from Fredericksburg. ) 
 
 I FREDERICKSBURG IN THE WAR | 
 
 iThe part which Fredericksburg played in the civil war is i 
 
 so well-known that we will be content with a brief reference. f 
 
 ) As soon as the Confederate capital was removed to Richmond, | 
 
 I it became at once, and continued during the entire war, the ] 
 
 j objective point of the Federal invasion of the South. It was i 
 
 ; apparent, therefore, from an inspection of the map, that \ 
 
 { Fredericksburg would necessarily witness a bloody act in that [ 
 
 ( direful drama, for she was situated half way on the direct [ 
 
 I route between Washington and Richmond. / 
 
 ) If ever anywhere grim-visaged war showed his horrid front, | 
 
 i it was at this foredoomed, devoted town. She was the im- ] 
 
 j mediate theater of one of the bloodiest battles of the war, on \ 
 
 ; December 13, 1862. In the cannonade that ushered in that \ 
 
 i battle, a hundred and eighty guns, some of them siege pieces, ( 
 
 I carrying sevent5'-pound projectiles, for ten mortal hours f 
 
 i poured a pitiless storm of shot and shell upon the helpless | 
 
 town. No such cannonade, save that which preceded Pickett's | 
 
 J charge at Gettysburg, was ever heard upon this continent. j 
 
 ; Four and a half months after that bloody baptism, the town \ 
 
 I witnessed the desperate, but unsuccessful endeavor of General [ 
 
 ( Sedgwick to march his corps of thirty thousand men to the f 
 
 I relief of Hooker, at Chancellorsville, and she was the hospital { 
 
 ] for fifteen thousand wounded men from Grant's Army in the ] 
 
 ] Wilderness campaign of May, 1864. j 
 
 .^^-^.a 
 

 If lines be drawn from Fredericksburg to Chancellorsville, 
 from Chancellorsville to the Wilderness battlefields, from 
 the Wilderness battlefield to the Bloody Angle, near Spotsyl- 
 vania Court House, and from there to the starting point at 
 Fredericksburg, these lines will include a space that is smaller 
 in area than the District of Columbia. On this area more blood 
 was shed, and more men killed, than upon any area of equal 
 dimensions in America, or in the world prior to the World 
 War. 
 
 On December 13, 1862, Burnside started to cross the 
 Rappahannock. Never did a general or army await the attack 
 of a more numerous enemy with greater confidence than did 
 L/ee and the Confederates at Fredericksburg. 
 
 When the two-prearranged signal guns announced that 
 the shelling of the town was about to begin, long streams of 
 carriages and wagons, bearing fugitive women and children, 
 
 Destruction at Fredericksburg 
 
 This view was taken at the intersection of Hanover and George Streets. 
 St. George's Church in distance 
 
^' 
 
and long processions on foot of those who could not procure 
 vehicles, all seeking temporary shelter in the woods and 
 wilderness,' passed the campfires of the Confederate soldiers 
 in the rear of the town. 
 
 Shortly after nine o'clock the sun shining out with almost 
 Indian Summer warmth quickly dispelled the mists which hid 
 the opposing armies, and as the white folds dissolved, Jackson's 
 men beheld the plains beneath them dark with a moving mass 
 of more than 40,000 foes, and from the array of batteries upon 
 the Stafford Heights a storm of shot and shell burst upon the 
 Confederate lines. The Federal army advanced within 800 
 yards of the foot of the opposing ridge, when suddenly the silent 
 woods awoke to life and the flash and thunder of more than 
 sixty guns revealed to the Federals the magnitude of the task 
 they had undertaken. Column after column advanced only to 
 be repulsed with terrible loss, until about 12 o'clock the Irish 
 Brigade, under General Meagher, advanced to the spot on the 
 
 Sunken Road at Foot of Marye's Heights 
 
 Showing Monument, Marking Spot Where Gen. Cobb Was Killed 
 
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— *f 
 
 Sunken Road, which is now marked by the monument to 
 General Cobb, he having fallen earlier in the day, and boldly 
 charging across the shot-swept plains, falling in their tracks, 
 like corn before the side, the ever-thinning ranks dashed on. 
 Of the 1,200 officers and men in this gallant charge, 937 had 
 fallen ; one body, that of an officer, was found within fifteen 
 feet of the parapet. 
 
 It is due to the truth of history to say that not in all the 
 annals of war, neither in the " charge of the six hundred " at 
 Balaklava, nor in Pickett's charge at Gettysburg, was there 
 ever displayed a more signal instance of dauntless courage 
 than was exhibited by the men who made these hopeless at- 
 tempts to carry Marye's Heights. 
 
 Under the cover of darkness and storm the Federals with- 
 drew across the river two days later and resumed their position 
 on Stafford heights. 
 
 Fredericksburg played an important part in the battle of 
 Chancellorsville, on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th of May, 1863. 
 When General Hooker marched ninety thousand men across 
 the Rapidan at Germanna and Ely's Ford and entrenched 
 themselves behind breastworks in the impenetrable jungle of 
 stunted growth that screened and protected the plateau in 
 front of the Chancellorsville House, he left 30,000 men under 
 General Sedgwick, on the Stafford heights, opposite Freder- 
 icksburg. General Lee left Early with 8,500 muskets (a part 
 of Jackson's corps) to hold back Sedgwick, while he marched 
 with the main body of Jackson's corps and two divisions of 
 Longstreet's corps to confront Hooker at Chancellorsville. 
 Jackson was mortally wounded at nightfall on Saturday, the 
 2nd of May, after routing and driving back, in wild panic, the 
 right wing of Hooker's army. The next morning (Sunday) 
 a union was affected between Jackson's divisions and the two 
 divisions of L/ongstreet's corps, and a combined, impetuous as- 
 sault carried the Federal position in front of Chancellorsville, 
 
} 
 
 and the beaten enemy retreated to their second line of breast- 
 works. Just as General Lee was preparing (on Sunday, at 
 noon) to renew the assault, word reached him that Sedgwick 
 had crossed the river and carried Marye's Heights, and was 
 marching on Chancellorsville to join Hooker. The Confederate 
 commander, in the exercise of what a great critic of the art of 
 war has characterized as the highest display of military genius, 
 paused in his pursuit of Hooker, and, leaving Stuart in com- 
 mand of Jackson's corps, in front of the disheartened Federal 
 troops at Chancellorsville, led the two divisions of Longstreet 
 down the Fredericksburg road to unite with Early in frus- 
 trating the purpose of Sedgwick to join his forces with those 
 of Hooker. This was accomplished on Monday, the 4th of 
 May, when Sedgwick was driven across the Rappahannock, at \ 
 
 Bank's Ford. There was a severe engagement that raged { 
 
 around the " Salem Church," four miles out from Fredericks- ( 
 
 burg, upon the old turnpike road. 
 
 Gen. R. E. Ivee, in speaking of the privations and sacri- 
 fices incurred by the citizens of Fredericksburg, said : 
 " History presents no instance of a people exhibiting a purer 
 and more unselfish patriotism, or a higher spirit of fortitude | 
 
 and courage than was evinced by the people of Fredericksburg. j 
 
 They cheerfully incurred great hardships and privations, and \ 
 
 surrendered their homes and property to destruction, rather i 
 
 than yield them in the hands of the enemies of their country." ( 
 
 For complete Histories of Fredericksburg we would 
 refer to : 
 
 Quinn's History, 350 pages, cloth bound, price ^1.25 post- 
 paid, or the beautifully written " Story of the Old Town " by 
 Judge John T. Goolrick, for |3.90 postpaid. 
 
 A book of sepia illustrations, 75c. postpaid ; also Post 
 Cards of all places. R. A. Kishpaugh, Fredericksburg, Va. 
 
 10 
 
THE MARY WASHINGTON HOUSE 
 
 This plain, old-fashioned one and one-half story dwelling 
 on the corner of Charles and I/ewis Streets, was the home of the 
 mother of our first President from 1775 to her death in 1789. 
 
 Up to the death of her husband she lived just across the 
 river, opposite Fredericksburg, at the "Washington Farm," 
 and it was in these two homes the illustrious George was 
 raised to manhood. 
 
 The building is owned by the Society for the Preservation 
 of Virginia Antiquities, who have put the same in thorough 
 condition, all the original features of architecture and general 
 appearance being preserved. 
 
 The front room in which she died is furnished as used by 
 her in her lifetime. The "Tester" bedstead is of the 1740 
 style, same as was used at Mount Vernon ; the old fireplace 
 with brass andirons, the spinning wheel and the old time furni- 
 ture will carrv vou back to colonial times. Over the mantel 
 
 11 
 
is a picture of General Washington presenting his mother at 
 the Peace Ball in Fredericksburg just after the surrender of 
 Cornwallis at Yorktown. 
 
 The old kitchen in the rear is of special interest. The old 
 fireplace, brick floor and crane are as used in Mary Washing- 
 ton's time. 
 
 In the yard the brick paved walk, box bordered, and the 
 sundial are relics of more than a century ago. 
 
 The building is open to visitors for a small sum. 
 
 KENMORE 
 
 Kenmore was built about 1752 by Colonel Fielding Lewis 
 for his bride Betty Washington (George's only sister). 
 Kenmore is a beautiful specimen of colonial architecture, with 
 its walls two feet thick and its handsome rooms with elaborately 
 ornamented ceilings and mantels, said to have been designed 
 by Washington himself, who sent two Hessian prisoners, 
 artisans, captured at the battle of Trenton, to carry out his 
 artistic conceptions. 
 
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 MARY WASHINGTON MONUMENT 
 
 About a stone's throw from Kenmore, Mary, the mother 
 of Washington, is buried. This spot was selected by herself, 
 declaring it to be preferable to any location, as it could never 
 be cultivated, being near a rocky crag, a part of the original 
 Kenmore land. 
 
 After the remains 
 of the venerable ma- 
 tron had lain for 
 forty-four years, a 
 monument was par- 
 tially erected to her 
 memor}- by Silas R. 
 Burrows, a wealthy 
 New York merchant. 
 The cornerstone was 
 laid with imposing 
 pomp on May 7, 183vS. 
 Andrew Jackson, 
 President of the 
 United States, sev- 
 eral members of his 
 Cabinet, numbers of 
 distinguished citizens 
 from Washington, the 
 Marine Band and 
 military came to swell 
 the pageant. The 
 monument of white 
 Italian marble was 
 never finished, and 
 for more than sixty 
 years laid a prey to 
 the relic hunters and 
 ravishes of time. 
 
 MARY WASHINGTON MONUMENT 
 
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The women of America organized to erect a monument to 
 the memory of their fellow countrywoman, which they did, 
 unveiling Ma}' 10, 1894, a monument fifty feet high, and com- 
 prising a monolith of forty feet, standing on bases eleven feet 
 square and ten feet high. The whole shaft is of Barre granite 
 and of the finest workmanship. President Cleveland, man}- of 
 his Cabinet, the Governor of Virginia, the Marine Band, com- 
 panies of military and thousands of people witnessed the 
 ceremony. 
 
 MEDITATION ROCK 
 
 Just back of the monument is a ledge of rocks known as 
 "Meditation Rock," where Mary Washington used often to 
 resort for private reading, meditation and prayer, under the 
 shade of the beautiful grove of oak trees. 
 
 Meditation Rock 
 
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THE MERCER MONUMENT 
 
 General Hugh Mercer, killed at the battle of Princeton, \. 
 
 1777, while leading his men against the British. Over one ( 
 
 hundred years after an appropriation had been made by Con- ) 
 
 gress, it evidently being overlooked, in 1906 the United States 2 
 
 Government erected this monument to his memory. \ 
 
 Situated in the center of Washington Avenue, in the atti- » 
 
 tude of a patriot, drawn sword in hand, he stands on a pedestal, ( 
 
 ready to strike in defease of his country. ( 
 
 General Mercer conducted a drug store in the building j 
 
 now standing, corner Main and Amelia Streets, and lived at i 
 
 the " Sentry Box " with George Weedon, until the beginning » 
 
 of the Revolutionary War. f 
 
 CONFEDERATE CEMETERY 
 
 The first Toadies ' Memorial Association was organized at 
 Fredericksburg in 1865, and in response to liberal contributions 
 the present cemetery was laid out, and the Confederate dead 
 who were buried at various places were gathered together and 
 each grave marked. 
 
 In 1874 the cornerstone was laid of the monument erected 
 on a mound in the center of the space. This monument is 
 about 16 feet high, made of gray granite, and on top has a life- 
 size statue of a Confederate soldier at dress parade. On the 
 front of the monument is the inscription, " To the Confederate 
 Dead." 
 
 About 5,000 are buried here, of which about 1,500 are 
 know. 
 
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THE NATIONAL CEMETERY 
 
 Located on Willis Hill, a part of the historic INIar^-e's 
 Heights, overlooking Fredericksburg and the beautiful Rappa- 
 hannock Valley, the Union soldiers who were killed in the 
 various battles around Fredericksburg and those who died in 
 camp are interred. This cemetery has the largest number of 
 interments of any in the country, there being 15,295 ; of these, 
 about 2,500 are known and their names, regiment and State 
 are registered in a book' in the Superintendent's office. 
 
 Just to the left, entering the cemetery. General Daniel 
 Butterfield has erected a beautiful monumt-nt to the valor of 
 the Fifth Army Corps, which he commanded. 
 
 To the right, at the top of the hill, is a monument to the 
 127th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, Colonel 
 W. W. Jennings, Commanding. 
 
 In the center the State of Pennsylvania has erected a 
 monument to commemorate the charge of General Humphrey's 
 Division, Fifth Corps, in the l)attleof Fredericksburg, 1862. 
 
 *»• 
 
 19 
 
^ — 
 
 MARYE^S HEIGHTS 
 
 
 Brotnpton, Marye's Heights and the Sunken Road, where 
 the heaviest fighting in the battle of Fredericksburg was done. 
 
 Brompton was the head- 
 quarters of the commander 
 of the Confederate center 
 during the battle. From 
 behind the stonewall just 
 below it, the Confederates 
 repulsed, with great 
 slaughter, the succession 
 of brilliant charges of 
 Meagher's Irish Brigade. 
 A small stone here marks 
 the place where General T. R. R. Cobb, C. S. A., was killed. 
 
 FEDERAL HILL 
 
 Federal Hill (overlooking the field of the battle of 
 Fredericksburg December, 1862) . Built about 1739 presumably 
 by Governor Spottswood. Purchased after the Revolution by 
 Governor Brooke, who renamed it "Federal Hill " after the 
 Federalist Party of which he was one of the founders. Sold by 
 him in 1795 to Thomas Reade Rootes, Esq., grandfather of 
 General T. R. R. Cobb, who was killed at the battle of 
 Fredericksburg. 
 
 MATTHEW FONTAINE MAURY 
 
 Home of Matthew Fontaine Maury, Pathfinder of the Seas, 
 whose genius made possible the laying of the Atlantic Cable. 
 He was author of Maury's Physical Geography and founder 
 of the United States Naval Observatory. Charlotte Street, 
 between Princess Anne and Prince Kdward. 
 
 20 
 
THE MASONIC LODGE 
 
 The Masonic Lodge, in which George Washington was 
 initiated, raised and passed as a Mason, November 4, 1752, and 
 later conferred an honorary degree on General LaFayette in a 
 meeting attended by that gallant Frenchman. The Lodge has 
 
 a cabinet of some rare and 
 valuable relics, some of 
 which are the Bible that 
 George Washington was 
 obligatedon (printed 1668), 
 a lock of his hair, auto- 
 graph passes given him 
 during the Revolutionary 
 War, the old minute book 
 giving his initiation, pass- 
 ing and raising, an oil 
 portrait of George Washington, painted by Gilbert Stuart; 
 the old parlor chairs of his mother, Mary Washington, and 
 many others, which can be seen by applying to the Master of 
 the Lodge. 
 
 HOME OF JAMES MONROE 
 
 President of the United States and author of the Monroe 
 Doctrine. Monroe practiced law in Fredericksburg where he 
 received his first political office, that of town councilman, 
 which started him on a career that gave him more public offices 
 than ever has been held, before or since, by a single American. 
 Princess Anne Street, near Depot. Monroe's Law Offices is 
 on Charles Street, just off Commerce. He was a vestryman 
 in St. George's Church. 
 
 PAUL JONES HOUSE 
 
 The only home in America of John Paul Jones, the father 
 of the American Navy, on Main Street, near depot. 
 
 21 
 
HOME OF MRS. D. D. WHEELER 
 
 On the east side of lower Main Street. Built about 1765. 
 Was the home of Dr. Charles Mortimer, who was physician to 
 Mary Washington ; also the first Mayor of Fredericksburg. 
 
 THE ^^ SENTRY BOX" J 
 
 On lower Main Street was the residence of General George I 
 
 Weedon of Revohitionary fame, and afterwards occupied by , 
 Colonel Hugh Mercer, a son of General Hugh Mercer, who 
 was killed at the battle of Princeton. 
 
 The name Sentry Box " being applied on account of the 
 unobstructed view for some distance. It being used during 
 the Revolutionary War, War of 1812 and Civil War, as a place 
 to watch and give the alarm of the approach of the enemy. 
 
 THE WASHINGTON FARM 
 
 Ivooking directly across the river from the " Sentry Box" 
 can be seen the Washington Farm, on the King's Highway in 
 Stafford county. This is where George Washington was raised 
 to young manhood, and it is said where he threw a silver 
 dollar across the Rappahannock ; also where he chopped the 
 famous cherry tree. One of the pontoon bridges used in 1862 
 was built from this farm. 
 
 GUNNERY SPRING 
 
 Where first small arms manufactory in America was estab- 
 lished just prior to the outbreak of the Revolution. The 
 tradition is that all whom drink from this Spring will return 
 to drink again. lyower end of town. 
 
 22 
 
THE RISING SUN TAVERN 
 
 One of the oldest buildings in Fredericksburg. General 
 George Weedon, 3'ears before the Revolutionary War, kept hotel 
 in this house, and it was the stopping place of Washington, 
 L/aFayette, George Mason of Gunston, and other Colonial 
 dignitaries. I^ooking across the river at the corner a good view 
 of Chatham can be had. 
 
 Rising Sun Tavern 
 
 MARY WASHINGTON HOSPITAL 
 
 Frected by the ladies of Fredericksburg. Cornerstone 
 was laid April 14th, 1899, a day to commemorate George 
 Washington's last visit to Fredericksburg, and his dying 
 mother. The cornerstone is a portion of the old Mary 
 Washington monument begun in 1833. Situated overlooking 
 the river and directly opposite Chatham. One of the pontoon 
 bridges of 1862 was directly in front of the hospital. 
 
 23 
 
CHATHAM 
 
 One of the most interesting points of historical interest to 
 all who visit Fredericksburg is the magnificent old Colonial 
 estate of Chatham, beautifully situated upon Stafford Heights 
 overlooking the town. 
 
 The house was built in 1721 by William Fitzhugh, upon a 
 small grant of a few hundred thousand acres from King George 
 of England. 
 
 The architect is believed to have been the famous Sir 
 
 Christopher Wrenn, to 
 whom is due the adaptation 
 of the English renaissance 
 of the Grecian period to 
 our Southland needs, and 
 which has resulted in the 
 type now knowm as Co- 
 lonial. Chatham is con- 
 ceded to be the purest and 
 most beautiful specimen 
 of the Georgian Colonial 
 architecture in America. 
 
 Through its lordly halls have trod the beauty and chivalry 
 of generations of the most famous families of Virginia. 
 
 At Chatham General Washington paid his addresses to the 
 widow of Curtis ; General Robert E. Lee met and wooed the 
 beautiful Nellie Curtis, a granddaughter of Gen. Washington, 
 and the immortal Ivincoln reviewed the Army of the Potomac 
 before the battle of Fredericksburg, 1862. 
 
 General Burnside established his headquarters at Chatham, 
 and at the foot of its terraced lawns one of the pontoon bridges 
 was thrown across the river over which many a brave man 
 passed never to return. 
 
 24 
 
OTHER POINTS OF INTEREST 
 
 I CITY HAIvIv— Built in 1813. Used in 1824 for a grand 
 
 f ball and reception to General LaFayette. 
 
 j ST. GEORGE'S BURYING GROUND-Colonel John 
 
 j Dandridge, the father of Martha Washington, was buried here 
 
 \ in 1756. Win. Paul, a brother of John Paul Jones, buried 1773. 
 
 ^ It is said that Fielding Lewis is buried under the steps of the 
 
 1 church. A number of remarkable tombstones can be found in 
 
 / the yard, the inscription of one of which has puzzled all who 
 
 ihave seen it, *' Charles M. Rathrock, departed this life 
 Sept. 29th, 1084, aged three years." 
 
 CITY COURT HOUSE, containing the will of Mary 
 Washington and many other important documents and records 
 of earl}' American life. Princess Anne Street. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH- Built in 1833. Used as 
 hospital during the War. Two cannon balls can be seen in 
 the wall. 
 
 OLD MASONIC BURYING GROUND, where rest the 
 remains of Lewis Littlepage, confidential advisor to King 
 Stanislaus, of Poland, and officer in the Polish Imperial Army, 
 and was with him when he was captured by the Russians. He 
 also held the post of Polish Ambassador to the Court of the 
 Tzar of Russia, an honor never before or since accorded to a 
 foreigner. Corner of George and Charles Streets. 
 
 25 
 
OLD SIvAVE BLOCK at the corner of Commerce and 
 
 ! Charles Streets, in front of what was known in war times as 
 
 the Planters HoteL It was placed there many years before the 
 f Civil War, it is said, for the sale and annual hire of slaves. 
 
 The slave to be sold was required to stand on this block in the 
 presence of the gathered traders, when he or she was "cried I 
 
 out" by the auctioneer to the highest bidder. Those slaves 
 who were publicly hired out for the year also took their stand 
 on this block and were hired out at the highest price bid. 
 There is probably no relic in Fredericksburg that calls back 
 more vividly the days of slavery than does this stone block. 
 
 OLD EXCHANGE PIOTEL- (now known as the Maury 
 
 ?1)— Built in 1837 
 not used as a hote 
 war used as a hospital 
 
 STEVENS HOUSE— Situated on the "Sunken Road," 
 the Confederate line of battle, 1862-63, in front of fence. 
 General Thos. R. R. Cobb killed just inside the yard. 
 
 OLD STONE HOUSE, supposed to have been place where 
 slaves brought direct from Africa were confined after being 
 unloaded from ships. At Fredericksburg end of City Bridge. 
 
 THE OLDEST BUILDING-The old, one and a half 
 story frame building at the corner of Prince Edward and 
 Fauquier Streets, now the home of Mrs. Moncure, is about the 
 oldest building in the town. It was the birthplace of 
 Hon. John Forsythe, who made such a brilliant record as a 
 statesman from Georgia, to which State he moved while a 
 young man. 
 
 26 
 
 / 
 
 « Hotel) — Built in 1837; part destroyed by fire, 1850; rebuilt, t 
 
 but not used as a hotel until after the Civil War. During the f 
 
THE BATTLEFIELDS 
 
 A Route Covering the Principle Points of Interest, Enabling 
 the Trip to be Made Without a Guide 
 
 0.0 Leaving Princess Anne Hotel, turn left into Commerce 
 Street. On right, one block out, old Block where 
 slaves were sold before the War. Straight ahead on 
 old Plank Road. 
 
 3.8 Monument to 15th Regiment N. J. \"ols. on right. 
 
 4.0 SALEM CHURCH (Battle May 3-4, 1863) and Monu- 
 ment to 23rd N. J. Vols. 
 
 5.0 Fork of road. Take right. 
 
 9.7 CHANCELLORSVILLE HOUSE. (Rattle May 1-3,1863) 
 
 10.3 Monument to Collis' Zouaves. Just off road in woods 
 to left. 
 
 10.5 "STONEWALL" JACKSON MONUMENT, marking 
 spot where he was mortally wounded on May 2, 1863. 
 
 To Wilderness Church, straight ahead about 1 mile. j 
 
 To Hay's Monument (about 2 miles) , turn left at Wilder- ] 
 
 ness Church, at second cross ro«d turn right about 1 
 
 one-fourth mile. * 
 
 11.3 Retracing to Chancellorsville House, turn to right. i 
 
 12.3 Marker (on right). Spot where Lee and Jackson held f 
 
 conference night of May 1st, 1863, few hours before [ 
 
 Jackson was shot by his own men. ] 
 
 13.1 Fork of road, turn sharp to right. ' 
 
 13.5 Alrich Railroad Crossing. 
 
 27 
 

 On the Battlefields Within 
 Driving Distance 
 
 28 
 
1 THE BATTLEFIELDS— Continued 
 
 I 15.3 Turn left, leaving the improved road. Store in fork. 
 
 J 15.6 Note well on right, to be sure you are on right road. 
 
 r 18.0 Fork, take right. 
 
 j 18.4 Straight ahead, down hill. 
 
 I 18.9 GEN. SEDGWICK MONUMENT (on left) marking 
 
 f spot where he was killed in action May 9th, 1864. 
 
 i^ 19.1 BIvOODY ANGLE. Ask at store for best road through 
 
 woods to Landram Farm, where monuments are 
 erected to 15th Regt. N.J. Vols., 45th New York Inf. 
 iand 126th Regt. N. J. Vol. Inf. 
 Note stump of the white oak tree which was completely 
 f shot down by minnie balls. This tree in falling killed 
 
 I three North Carolina soldiers. Breastworks and gun 
 
 ] pits can be seen in every direction. 
 
 j 20.8 SPOTSYLVANIA COURT HOUSE— Gen. Lee's head- 
 
 f quarters May 10-ll-12th, 1864. Spottswood Inn. 
 
 Turn left. 
 
 22.3 Monument to Massachusetts' First Regiment Heavy 
 Artillery (on farm to left) . 
 
 29.5 Marker, Gen. Lee's Headquarters Battle of Fredericks- 
 burg. 
 
 30.6 NATIONAL CEMETERY, Fredericksburg. Part of 
 Marye's Heights where 15,295 are buried. Straight 
 ahead. 
 
 Marye's Heights and Cobb's Monument on left. 
 
 Section of old Stone Wall still standing on right. 
 
 29 
 
ACROSS THE RAPPAHANNOCK 
 
 LACY HOUSE (now known as Chatham), built 1721. This is 
 directly opposite the City on the Stafford Heights. Used 
 by General Burnside as headquarters. At the foot of its 
 terraced lawns one of the pontoon bridges was thrown 
 across the river. 
 
 FAIvMOUTH (one mile). This is where President Ivincoln 
 reviewed the troops before the battle of Fredericksburg. 
 
 SCOTT'S HILL (to the right), the highest point around 
 Fredericksburg. It was from this hill that the first gun 
 was fired on Fredericksburg, April 18th, 1862, the shell 
 hitting where the Woolen Mills are now located, then 
 known as Tackett's Mill, as a Confederate Battery was 
 back of the factory. Immense gun pits on this hill. 
 
 PHILLIPS HOUSE, about one mile. To left up grade at 
 Stafford end City Bridge. Used by General Sumner as 
 headquarters. 
 
 WHITE OAK CHURCH, about five miles from Fredericks- 
 burg. Used as a hospital for Federal wounded. 
 
 HAMILTON'S CROSSING 
 
 A monument of unhewn granite, twenty-five feet in height 
 and thirty-five feet square at the base, is erected at Hamilton's 
 Crossing, four miles from Fredericksburg. It stands im- 
 mediately opposite the point where General Meade made his 
 famous charge up the heights, which were defended by General 
 Gregg's brigade, in the battle of December 13th, 1862. This 
 can be seen from train, left side going south. \ 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 30 
 
SOME INTERESTING FACTS 
 
 The first resolution declaring American Independence was 
 passed in Fredericksburg April 29th, 1775, twenty-one days 
 before the next earlier. 
 
 Seven Presidents and three of the greatest military leaders 
 were born at Fredericksburg or within a short distance. 
 
 It was John Paul Jones, a Fredericksburg man, who raised 
 the first flag over our infant nav)- in 1775. 
 
 At Fredericksburg, and within fifteen miles more great 
 armies manouevered, more great battles were fought, more 
 men were engaged in mortal combat and more officers and 
 privates were killed and wounded than in any similar territory 
 in America or the world, prior to the World's War. 
 
 The tallest and most imposing monument erected to a 
 woman is erected at Fredericksburg to the memory of Mary 
 Washington. 
 
 James Monroe, for many years a citizen of Fredericksburg, 
 announced the American principle known as the Monroe 
 Doctrine. 
 
 James Madison, born near Fredericksburg, gave to the 
 country the Constitution of the United States. 
 
 It was Fredericksburg that gave to the country the head 
 of the Armies in the Great War for Independence and the 
 first President, in the person of the peerless Washington. In 
 addition to Washington, also sent to the field during the 
 Revolution five other generals. 
 
 31 
 
CLOSE DRIVING DISTANCE 
 
 Sedgwick Monument 12 miles 
 
 " Stonewall" Jackson Monument 11 " 
 
 INIassachusetts Monument 10 " 
 
 Hays Monument 14 " 
 
 Spotsylvania C. H 11 " 
 
 Salem Church 4 " 
 
 Chancellorsville , . . 10 " 
 
 Wilderness 15 " 
 
 Bloody Angle 12 " 
 
 Hamilton's Crossing 4 " 
 
 Falmouth 1 mile 
 
 Lac}' House (Burnside's Headquarters) ^ " 
 
 Phillips House (Sumner's Headquarters 1 " 
 
 LOSSES ON THE SIX BATTLEFIELDS 
 
 FREDERICKSBURG-HAMILTON'S CROSSING 
 
 Fed. Con, Total 
 Fred'sburg Dec. 13, '62. May 3-4,'63 { ^ 
 
 Hamilton's Crossing, Dec. 13, 1862 \ -^^-'^^^ ^'•^'' i»,u>5U 
 
 CHANCELLORSVII,I,E-SAI,KM CHURCH 
 
 j Chancellorsville, May 1-3, 1863 } 
 
 Salem Church, May 3-4, 1863 \ ' • •-^^^^'^ 1^,463 29,750 
 
 WILDERNESS 
 
 Wilderness, May 5-6, 1864 17,666 10,641 28,307 
 
 SPOTSYLVANIA 
 Spotsylvania, May 8-21, 1864 15,577 11,578 27,155 
 
 Total . .63,183 40,059 103,242 
 
 32 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
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