^^^>-0C¥ Class Book ' ^-^ £> Copyright N" COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. •1-^' THE CORNELL NAVY A REVIEW By C. V. P. YOUNG Professor of Physical Culture at Cornell University and Director of the Gymnasium 190 7 TAYLOR AND CARPENTER ITHACA. NEW YORK &:d^ LIBRARY of CONGRESS Two CoDles Reeelved /H'R 25 \907 /,«0Dynznt Entry CLAfeS /A XXCm No. COPY B COPYRIGHT, 1907, by TAYLOR AND CARPENTER All rights reserve J = c « c c c c c To the "Old Man," CHARLES E. COURTNEY whose coaching, and to the " ^oys," whose faithful training and earnest work, have combined to mal^e Cornell pre-eminent in Intercollegiate Rowing PREFACE In the following pages I have attempted to give, not so much a detailed account of the numerous events participated in by the Cornell Navy, as an accurate and brief survey of salient points in its history, beginning vv^ith its foundation in the Fall of 1871. The following record has been gleaned from the perusal of University records (Cornell Era, Magazine, Sun, etc.) from interviews with various interested alumni, and especially with Mr. Courtney, and also from correspondence with members of various crews. Its compila- tion is the result of a suggestion made by President Schurman, whose recognition of the value of manly outdoor sport as an important adjunct to University w^ork has been a constant source of encouragement to the w^riter in his efforts to promote the same at Cornell ; and also, I might add, whose public expression of his liberal and progressive views con- cerning physical training has done much to encourage aquatic sports among the students. Acknowledgment is due Mr. J. P. Troy, of Ithaca, N. Y., for the use of pictures of the 1 906 Races at Poughkeepsie, also to Messrs. W. T. Littig & Co., of New York, for the picture of the Cornell Univer- sity Campus appearing at the end of the book, also to Mr. C. W. Beck, Jr. of The Beck Engraving Co., Philadelphia, for valuable suggestions and special care in making the plates used in this book. C. V. p. YOUNG. CORNELL OF THE SEVENTIES THE CORNELL NAVY Interest in rowing at Cornell may be said to have begun almost with the founding of the University. That such should be the case is hardly to be w^ondered at, in view^ of its com- manding site overlooking the beautiful expanse of Cayuga Lake. The first manifestation of the boating spirit, perhaps, is to be found in the existence in '69 of an organization know^n as the Undine Boat Club, w^hich seems, how^ever, to have been little more than a social club w^ith an aquatic name. In the Fall of '70, as a result of the enthusiasm created by the visit of Mr. Thomas Hughes of England, a few^ students conceived the project of forming a University Boat Club, and by the beginning of the Spring trimester sufficient funds had been subscribed to w^arrant them in forming a permanent organization, w^hich they accordingly did under the title of the Cornell University Boat Club. At about the same time a rival organization w^as formed under the title of the Cornell University Boating Association. As neither club could claim to be the Univer- sity Boat Club, how^ever, at the suggestion of Professor Goldw^in Smith, the former club changed its name to the Tom Hughes Club, w^hile the " Association " took the name of the Cornell Navy. Mr. Hughes acknow^ledged the compliment by a letter, and also by the presentation of a Challenge Cup.* The letter is interesting, as characteristic of the w^riter's knowledge of and keen interest in the sport. Writing to the Secretary of the Tom Hughes Club, he says : "I have just found your letter, v^^hich I had stupidly mislaid. 1 hope, how^ever, that Mr. Goldw^in Smith has told you that I am very pleased and proud of the compliment you have paid me in naming the first Cornell boat club after me. He w^ill also have told you my view^s as to starting w^ith a good style (flat back, open knee, long reach forw^ard and sharp recovery, and getting the w^hole w^eight on the oar by making as much use of legs as arms), also as to pot- hunting and expensive prizes, wrhich spoil sport. There is no objection, how^ever, to a challenge cup, to be held by the cap- tain of w^inning boat for the year, and I w^ill try to pick up an old one and send it you over, if the club wrill accept it. I am afraid it w^ill be a long time before 1 have any chance of seeing Cornell again, but shall aWays retain a most happy memory of my first visit. Believe me most truly yours, THOS. HUGHES. House of Commons, June 30, 1871." *This cup and also the Sprague and Gluclc cups, offered a few years later for club and and class races, are now in the trophy room at Barnes Hall. Competition for them ceased when six-oared races w^ere abandoned, or soon thereafter. 11 Following upon the formation of these two clubs, the work of organization was energetic- ally pushed. The Navy, w^ith it larger enrollment of members, w^as soon able to raise sufficient funds for the purchase of lumber for a house, the students building the structure themselves, and also for the purchase of equipment. This equipment consisted of a queer looking six-oared barge, striped blue and w^hite, nicknamed the "Striped Pig;" an eight-oared gunw^ale barge, the " Cornell," to which w^as added a four-oared outrigger, called the " Buffalo." The Tom Hughes Club possessed at this time but a single boat, a six-oared outrigger called the Green Barge, w^hich was kept under an old shed on the Inlet. Active practice by both clubs began at once. The training of a Navy crew^ had been intrusted to Goldsmith, the one man w^ho had ever used a spoon oar, and w^hose instructions v^eie to " pull the stroke and then let the oar skim gracefully back over the water." A chal- lenge w^as soon received from the Tom Hughes crew^, but it w^as not deemed advisable to accept. In the follow^ing spring ('72), however, the two crew^s came together in the first regatta held by the Cornell Navy. The regatta w^as held on tw^o successive days. The first day's race w^as betw^een a crew from the Ithaca Row^ing Association in a four-oared boat called the " Biz," the Tom Hughes crew^ in their six-oared boat without a coxsw^ain, and the Navy crew^, made up from the Class of '73, in their six-oared boat, the "Striped Pig," and vsrith a coxsw^ain.* After tw^o false starts, they w^ere off, and the " Biz " w^as skimming along finely w^hen Number 2's (Treman) oar sud- denly snapped. He pluckily leaped out, however, and the crew^ of three continued on their wray, until a few^ minutes later, Number 3's oar broke, and then the " Biz " reluctantly yielded to adverse circumstances and turned shorew^ard. Meanw^hile, the Navy crew^ started off in good form but before many strokes had been taken, their boat, the " Striped Pig," began to push her nose under w^ater at each stroke, and soon after to fill, leaving her bold and muscular crew^ to flounder in the w^ater. The Tom Hughes Club row^ed the mile and back in eighteen minutes and ten seconds and w^on the race, although in view^ of all the circumstances they de- cided to forego their claim on the prize. This race w^as follow^ed by a race betw^een a Freshman crew^ made up of Schuyler (stroke), 2 Montague, 3 Millspaugh, 4 Walters, 5 Ostrom, 6 Gardner, 7 Nichols, 8 Knight, with Kiersted as coxsw^ain, and a " picked crew^ selected on the spot from the crow^d on shore." It w^as w^on by the Freshmen. On the second day of the regatta the principal race w^as between a University crew^ stroked by Dole, the trainer w^ho had been secured to prepare a crew^ for the Intercollegiate Regatta, w^ith Dutton, Gold- smith and Bean, the other members, and a Union Springs crew^ of w^hich the two Courtney brothers w^ere members. The race was won handily by the visiting four. The Old Boathouse as it was in 1893 * These crews were made up as follows : Ithaca Rowing Association — Doyle (stroke), 2 Treman, E. M. ("a man of song and muscle"); 3 Halsey, 4 Brown. Tom Hughes — Anderson (stroke), 2 Weeks, 3 Devin, 4 Chadwick, 5 Copeland, 6 Southard. Navy — Stoddard (stroke), 2 Dutton, 3 French, 4 Moses, 5 Ferriss, 6 Jayne. 12 Shortly before the holding of this regatta, the boating interest of Cornell had been har- monized and strengthened by the union of the Tom Hughes Club and the Navy, under the name of the latter. Through the efforts of James B. Edgerly, the secretary, admission was gained to the Rowing Association of American Colleges. A second-hand six-oared cedar shell w^as purchased from the Yale Navy, and a number of men w^ere placed under the charge of Bill Dole, a professional coach and trainer, in preparation for the Springfield races. Not- writhstanding the interest manifested in rowing, how^ever, and the vigorous steps taken to raise the necessary funds, the result w^as a humiliating failure, and at Commencement time the crew^, w^hich had been practicing diligently during the term, w^as forced to disband for w^ant of finan- cial support. Judging from the show^ing made in the local regatta, it was perhaps as w^ell that it w^as so, as far as any chance of w^inning at Springfield w^as concerned. Ferriss (capt.) Andei 73 CREW AT QUARTERS Phillips Coulter (coach) King Dutton (not in picture) Southard Ostr( In '73, a crew^ had to be sent to Springfield, or Cornell w^ould cease to be a member of the Association. After strenuous effort on the part of the Navy, the necessary $1500w^ere raised, and a trainer w^as secured in the person of Harry Coulter, former single scull champion of the United States. President White manifested his interest by the gift of a new^ cedar shell. Coulter w^as himself preparing for a race, and the quarters at the corner of the lake sheltered as hard w^orking a band of oarsmen as ever vv^ent into preparation for a race. A member of the crewr tells us vv^hat a serious business training w^as. It consisted, he says, of long daily row^s morning and afternoon, supplemented by an hour's jaunt of w^alking and running in the mid- day sun, dressed in thick flannel shirts and swreaters. Upon returning to their quarters they w^ere put into bed for a half hour under several wrinter coverlets, preparatory to a thorough rubbing dov/n. The idea seems to have been to reduce every man in w^eight to the last possi- 13 ble extremity. Even the drinking of water was forbidden, and we are told that purgative w^ere at times resorted to in order to bring about the desired results. The crew left for Springfield the 24th of June, and at the outset their chances of victory, in spite of the ordeal through which they had passed, were thought by many to be equal to those of the favorites. Harvard and Amherst. But in the draw^ing Cornell drew^ a position from w^hich it w^as a foregone conclusion she could not w^in. As a religious journal had it, " When the pious lot w^as cast into the lap, the wicked crew^ (meaning Cornell) had the w^orst position." King Ferriss (capt.) VARSITY 1873 Southard Phillips (sub.) Ostrom Ande It is interesting to note the criticisms by the Era, directed at the members of the crew before they left for Spring- field : " No. 1 (stroke) keeps his position well, but is rather cramped by the boat ; his reach is good and he feathers gracefully — in fact, all his points are w^ell kept. No. 2 is the most graceful of the crew in rowing. His reach is splendid, and he has good command of his oar. No. 3 same, about, as No. 2 ; perhaps is a trifle cooler. No. 4 is good in all respects and a very graceful rower. No. 5 is rather stiff in the back, but is gaining rapidly. In other respects excellent. No. 6 is a good bow oarsman, but in the old shell, which is not large enough to hold the crew, he does not have a fair chance." In addition to eddies to be contended w^ith, a shoal must be crossed where the w^ater w^as only a foot deep. In the race Cornell w^as in the lead until this shallow^ part w^as reached, but in crossing it she fell to about ninth place. " The crew^ put all the strength of their braw^ny arms into their oars, as they seemed to creep along over the shallow^ part ; but the harder they pulled the more they seemed to drag until at last they w^ere in deep w^ater again, and their pow^- erful stroke began to tell. Passing one boat after another, they w^ere leading the second group of boats as they neared the grandstand, and crossed the line in fourth place, Yale w^inning, w^ith Wesleyan second, and Harvard third." Under the circumstances, and w^ith eleven crew^s competing, fourth place w^as regarded as very creditable, and the Cornellians felt that their crewr w^as one of the best on the river. This year it w^as decided at the convention of the Rowing Association not to allow in future the employment of professional trainers. The following winter w^as passed in desultory attempts at organization, and not until the opening of the rowing season w^as anything definite know^n about the crew, although quarters had been engaged for the race at Saratoga (Springfield having been given up as a place for holding the regatta). Throughout the spring training was continued very much as in the preceding year, Captain Ostrom acting as coach. At Commencement time the crew left for Saratoga. Here everything seemed to go against them, and what w^ith sickness of tw^o of the members and inability to take sufficiently long practice spins, they entered the race without hope of w^inning. Columbia w^as first this time, w^ith Wesleyan second. Harvard third, Wil- liams fourth, and Cornell fifth (nine competitors). In the fall of '74 the Sprague Boat Club was organized to act as a counterbalance, within the Navy, of the Tom Hughes Club. A Fall Regatta w^as held in which a race betw^een the four class crew^s w^as advertised. In this race, w^hen about half of the course had been cov- ered, the '77 boat filled with water and began to sink. The '76 crew, which happened to be Henderson VARSITY 1874 Ostrom Myers Corwin King Southard Clark nearest to them, stopped row^ing and w^ent to their assistance, thus putting tw^o crew^s out of the race. Then the '75 crew^, after gaining a clear lead of tw^elve lengths, started to sink just before reaching the line and it prow^ was hurriedly turned tow^ard the shore. Thus the '78 crew, w^hich w^ould have been last under normal conditions, actually v/on the race, and that, too, w^hen their bow^ oarsman had broken his oar v/ithin the first half mile and had partici- pated in the race only as a spectator. Nothing discouraged by previous defeats, John Ostrom, the " Old Man " of the early days, set the men vigorously to w^ork on the tw^o machines in the gymnasium through the w^inter of '74-' 75 (the "machines " consisted of sliding or greased seat, rope through pulley in floor and ceiling and w^eight in the cellar) and at the breaking up of the ice candidates^w^ere set to rowing in the Inlet, until in April a crew^ w^as selected. 15 Morse Jarvis WINNERS OF 74 CLASS REGATTA Thompson (coach) Camp Pain Heublln The success of the Freshmen in the Fall Regatta had encouraged them also to prepare a crew for Saratoga, and in this first Freshman crew appear the names of " Jack " Lew^is and " Al " Smith, now^ the director of Sibley College, and know^n as " Uncle Pete. " The coaching of a professional w^as denied, but fortunately Ostrom w^as well qualified for the w^ork. He w^as remarkable not only in devising a novel and effective style of row^ing in which a sharp, hard " catch " -was one of the principal features, but also remarkable in possessing great endurance and strength, and in being able to select men for the other seats in the tw^o boats w^ho vv^ere likew^ise enthusiastic, strong and determined. The methods of training a crew^ w^ere now entirely changed. The old w^alks and runs w^ere discontinued, the men were allow^ed to drink water freely, weight was kept up to the normal as far as possible, and training made a pleasure instead of a torture. In order that the Varsity and Freshman crews should gain as much experience as possi- ble, the Courtney crew of Union Springs was invited to a test of speed. This was looked upon 16 Ostrom (capt.) Barto Waterman VARSITY 1875 King Jarvis GiUis Gardn as inviting disaster, but in the race which followed the University crew^ v^on a splendid victory and an immense amount of enthusiasm w^as aroused among the students as a result. In the Saratoga races the Cornell Freshmen surprised everybody by w^inning from Harvard, Browm and Princeton. From last place Jack Lew^is' steady rowring and sturdy arm forced his creviT to third place, thence to second, and in the last quarter to victory. Thirteen contestants lined up in the Varsity race- From the time the wrord w^as given to the finish of the three miles the struggle for mastery betvs^een the leaders, Cornell, Columbia, and Harvard w^as a desperate one. Spurt followed spurt, until w^ith a final burst of speed, Cornell shot over the line a w^inner. The order of finish w^as as follow^s : Cornell, Columbia, Harvard, Dartmouth, Wesleyan, Yale, Amherst, Browm, Williams, Bow^doin, Hamilton, Union and Princeton (Princeton stopped row^ing at about the tw^o-mile point). Enthusiastic Cornellians rushed into the w^ater and lifting the oarsmen from the boat marched w^ith them upon their shoulders up and down in front of the grandstand. Upon their return to Saratoga the w^ildest demonstration ensued, and the Cornell oarsmen w^ere the heroes of the hour. A great dinner w^as given to them at w^hich w^ere present the captains of all the crews. A palace car w^as provided for the trip home, and the journey was like a triumphal procession. At Ithaca a great arch had been erected on the campus, and the tow^n turned out en masse to join in the w^elcome. There have been various versions given as to the origin of the present Cornell yell. One has it that it w^as first given at the finish of the Freshman race ; another that it burst forth spontaneously w^hen the new^s came to the stand in the Varsity race that Cornell w^as leading 17 at the half-mile stake. As a matter of fact, no organized yell was given by the thirty or forty Cornellians in the stand during the time of the races. It was while covering the three or four miles to Saratoga that various yells -were tried, one of w^hich, Smith FRESHMAN 75 Grave Carpenter Borden (sub.) Lewis Camp Palmer JOHN N. OSTROM The "Old Man" of the '70"s Cornell-ell-ell-ell, Cornell, was developed into Cornell, I yell, yell, yell, Cornell, and was publicly given for the first time as the two bus loads of Cornellians drew up before the hotel in Saratoga. It w^as mentioned in the newspapers as being the first time a Cornell yell had been heard.* * The above version was given to the writer by Mr. R. H. Treman "78, who was in the grandstand at the time, and was a participant in subsequent events. He wras in the leading bus on the return to Saratoga and called to those in the rear bus to come up and try a yell they had been practicing. 18 VARSITY RACE AT SARATOGA IN 1875 (Three MUes) 1 he centennial year brought a second series of sweeping victories. Lewis and Smith "were moved to the Varsity boat to replace the tw^o w^ho had graduated, and as thus made up, the crew^ reached even higher practice speed than had the one of the preceding year. The Freshman crew^ was no less promising, and to complete the list C. S. Francis, w^hose name for the next tw^enty years was to be closely associated w^ith Cornell row^ing, w^as selected to rep- resent Cornell in single sculls. In '73 C. S. Dutton had competed in singles and in '74 W. L. Phillips, but success had not attended their efforts. When the eventful day at last arrived, the very remarkable fact occurred that Cornell took the lead at the start in each event and maintained it to the finish. Francis w^on his race handily, being the great single sculler of his day among the colle- gians. His time for the two miles wras 1 3 minutes 42 3/4 seconds, w^hich established an inter- collegiate record for the distance, and has not since been equalled. In the Freshman race against Harvard and Columbia, the latter vsras hopelessly out of the race before tw^o miles had been covered, and Harvard lagged on many lengths in the rear. The Varsity w^on in a field of six contestants. The coaching of this crew^ w^as assisted in by E. Le B. Gardner '75, a substitute of the preceding year, w^ho w^as appointed to an instructor- ship in Sibley College after graduation. The unprecedented series of victories of '75 and '76 w^ere undoubtedly largely attributable, however, to the sound judgment and untiring efforts of John N. Ostrom, stroke and captain for the tw^o years. 19 The return of the winning crew to Saratoga w^as a most elaborate and superb affair. TTie trip home was again one long ovation, being w^hat Dr. Potter termed " Cornell's annual parade." Ithaca simply w^ent wild upon their arrival, forming a proces- sion a mile long and assembling a crowd of several thousand persons in the park to hear speeches and join in the celebration. C. S. FRANCIS Harvard now w^ithdrew^ from the Row^ing Association of American Colleges as had Yale the previous year, these two deciding in the future to row^ by themselves. The New^ York Times in speaking of this w^ithdrawal on their part said, " It cannot be denied that the remark- able and altogether shameless conduct of Cor- nell in making a clean sweep of everything in the Centennial Regatta is an excellent proof of the sagacity of certain colleges in retiring from a conflict in w^hich apparently they consider they have no chance." Yale went so far as to say that the natural advantages at Cornell w^ere such that other colleges could not hope to beat them — which may or may not be true. •Jack" LEWIS 20 VARSITY 1876 Ostrom Smith Jarvis Waterman Barto Lewis (D.) King (sub.) Palmer (sub.) In '77 Cornell w^as un- successful in securing a sin- gle race. Harvard in the spring of '78 sent a chal- lenge for a University race, but too late to be consid- ered. Finally during this same spring, after all hope of a race had been given up and practice had been practically abandoned. Harvard accepted the Freshman challenge of ear- lier date, and a race was arranged to be held at Ensenore on Owasco Lake. A crew w^as immediately selected and whipped into shape by Varsity oarsmen, assisted at intervals by Gardner. As the race w^as to be row^ed in "eights," Ostrom (capt) VARSITY 1876 Jarvis Smith Barto Waterman 21 Gregory FRESHMAN 76 Warner Mason Baker Wilcox Dounce Doggett (sub.) and was Cornell's first venture in a boat of that description, a new boat w^as ordered and pending its arrival practice begun in an "eight " kindly loaned by Columbia. The Freshman crews of '75 and '76 w^ere extraordinary ones, but that of '78 w^as a phenomenal one. Shinkel the stroke, w^ho was afterwards to achieve an unenviable notoriety, w^as yet possessed of rare qualities as an oarsman ; a cool head and w^onderful strength of muscle, backed up by pure grit. The race proved to be one of the old time processions, as the Cornell crew^ w^as never headed and w^on by something over three lengths. The reception of the Freshman eight by students and tow^nspeople did not equal^ perhaps, those accorded to the crew^s of earlier dates, but as the Era comments, "the hospitable village of Ithaca again displayed its good w^ill tow^ards the victors in a w^ay that could leave no doubt as to the friendly relations between " tow^n and gow^n " in at least one American tow^n." In '79 a Cornell four-oared crew^ w^as defeated on Lake George by Columbia and Wes- leyan, which was the first University defeat since '74. Before this race the Era said : "Too 22 FRESHMAN 78 Cole Shinkel Allen Curtice Cowles Jayne Walerbury Foster Ellstun Arnold much confidence in the Cornell stroke, and overconfidence in Cornell muscle, has led to an indifference that cannot help but be disastrous, and we do not hesitate to declare that if Cornell is defeated in the coming regatta, it will be the best thing that could possibly happen for future crew^s at Cornell. " A premonition of coming disaster had come as the result of a defeat at the hands of a Watkins crew^ earlier in the term. By urgent request of the crew^ and others, Ostrom came back about commencement time full of hope as to the possibilities that might be developed by a few^ w^eeks of earnest, careful w^ork. He found the crew^ hope- lessly fixed in their ow^n style and methods of row^ing, however ; after he had vainly tried to urge upon them certain reforms, and even protested against the trip to Lake George because of their w^retched preparation, they entered the race, as he afterwards w^rote, " over-confident of their ow^n pow^ers, and indifferent to those of their competitors." In the Fall Regatta of this year another farcical race took place. The class of '80 w^as represented by a six-oared crew^ in an eight-oared boat and carrying a coxsw^ain, w^hile '8 1 and '82 row^ed in six-oared boats. The sport began by a collision betw^een '80 and '8 1 , shortly after w^hich '8 1 s shell suddenly broke in the middle, the tw^o ends going high up in the air. After rounding the stake, '82's boat sank about a quarter of a mile from the finish, w^hile the crew^ in the eight-oared shell crossed the line high and dry. 23 Ma Jayne VARSITY 1879 Ostrom Shinkel Lewis Allen Warner As a result of the defeat of the '79 crew, the opening of the season of 1 880 was inauspicious for the Navy. After the hardest kind of w^ork on the part of a few^ row^ing enthusiasts, a crew^ w^as again entered for the Lake George Regatta, this time to meet Columbia and Pennsylvania. Columbia w^as the favorite, having w^on the year before and having already defeated Pennsylvania in a race on the Schuylkill. The Pennsylvania four w^as a perfect row^- ing machine, having been coached by the veteran oarsman, Ellis Ward, but it lacked the dash and tremendous pow^er of the Cornell crew^, and lost the race by a narrow^ margin. Columbia came in a poor third. The Old Gymnasmm Remodeled 24 In 1 88 1 the victors of the Lake George Regatta were sent to compete in the Henley races, where after five weeks' training they lost the three contests in w^hich they ■were entered. They w^ere not allow^ed to row^ in the college race w^hich they especially desired to enter, and in the other races w^ere pitted against the best boat clubs in England. English oarsmen w^ere fair enough to give Cornell the compliment of sending out the best college crew^ in the w^orld. Read (sub.) Shinkel VARSITY 1880 and 1881 Lewis Cowle Alle The crew^ also row^ed in a regatta on the Danube at Vienna, in w^hich, after gaining a lead of four or five lengths, the stroke fainted or pretended to faint. It is hardly necessary to go into details of the w^retched affair. The Era summed the w^hole matter up by saying : " We w^ere beaten in England by the best crews in the world aided by circumstances very unfavorable to us. We w^ere beaten at Vienna through the treachery of a member of our crew^. Humiliating as this admission is, w^e believe it to be true, and in justice to the other members of the crew the facts should be known." As a result of this experience upon foreign w^aters and the debt entailed by the trip, the Fall and Winter of '8 1 w^as the darkest period of the Navy. It w^as not decided until six w^eeks before the Lake George Regatta that a crew^ could be sent. Practice w^as then being held in an " eight," and the four-oared shell that had been ordered w^as not delivered until tw^o w^eeks before the race. In the race, Cornell took the lead and held it for part of the first mile, from w^hich position she gradually fell to fourth place. Princeton w^as leading at the last quarter, but w^as forced to give w^ay to Wesleyan, when suddenly Pennsylvania by a burst of speed passed the tw^o and w^on the race, Cornell and Bow^doin coming in last. In '83 Cornell had one of the best " fours " in her history. In a regatta at Cazenovia, she defeated an Elmira four and Syracuse. In this race, shortly after the start, Cornell's rudder broke, but the bow^ oarsman simply told the men to foIlow^ his instructions, and pull light or strong as he directed. A spectator w^ould have observed nothing unusual, and the boat w^ent straight for the finish buoys, losing little distance by the mishap. 25 Reed Cowle VARSITY 1882 Swarwout TuthiU Holman At the Lake George Regatta, Cornell competed with what w^ere said to have been the strongest crew^s she had ever met. The Princeton " four " had defeated several boat clubs, and her trainer pronounced them " the fastest crew^ in America." Pennsylvania also had defeated the Crescents in record time on the Schuylkill. Cornell had received ten days coaching from Courtney, and final touches during the few^ days at Lake George by C. S. Francis, but otherw^ise w^ere self-taught. Nevertheless, they astonished the row^ing w^orld by defeating Princeton and Pennsylvania by 32 seconds, Pennsylvania coming in second, and the " fastest crew^ in America " third. The '84 crew vs^as again coached for a period by Courtney, and w^as thought to be faster even than the crew^ of the preceding year. Nevertheless, tw^o races w^ere loss to Pennsylvania, one on the Schuylkill by three-quarters of a second, after a quarter-mile spurt, and the other at Lake George, where only a foot separated the tw^o prow^s at the finish. For the last hundred yards of this race each boat had gone ahead w^ith the stroke, neither being able to gain an advantage, and in this position the line w^as crossed, making it the closest intercollegiate race on record. 26 VARSITY 1883 Raht Scofield Chase Courtney Swartwout (capt.) Wilcox Beginning with the year 1 885, Cornell entered upon a series of victories, Varsity and Freshman, which is perhaps w^ithout parallel in the history of college row- ing. As a matter of fact, after the '78 race with Harvard there wras no Freshman crew^ sent out from Ithaca until 1 890 and the first Freshman crew^ to be defeated w^as in the year 1897, when Yale and Har- vard both crossed the line ahead of her. But between the years 1 884 and 1 895, no Varsity crew^ w^as defeated, although row^ing in every year except '86. This may be said to have been largely due to the excellent coach- ing of Charles E. Courtney. Although his position as permanent coach did not begin until the year 1 889, yet he assisted in the train- ing for five or six years ilTnfWrit iiiiiiiiiiiilil' COURTNEY, IN RACING TRIM 27 Corndl Barney VARSITY 1884 Scofield Raht Howland Church previous to that time, and his advice had been a determining factor. His methods, it need hardly be said, were those suggested by common-sense. He was constantly learning, and this know^ledge backed up by skill in building and rigging boats, and splendid judgment in the selection of crew^s from the available candidates, soon combined to establish at Cornell a system w^hich w^ill probably continue as long as intercollegiate rowing exists. In 1 885 Cornell w^on from Pennsylvania on the Schuylkill, lowrering the record for the course. In a regatta held upon Lake Quinsigamond, at Worcester, Mass., her crew^ finished first in a field of four, but was ruled out on account of fouling w^ith Bow^doin. Bowdoin's course w^as a very irregular one and it appeared to impartial critics that she was the offender if blame vs^ere to be placed upon any one. At any rate, at one point in the race the oars of the tw^o boats interlocked ; neither lost but a second, and both started again, Cornell winning, ■with Brow^n second, Bov/doin third, and Pennsylvania fourth. Bowdoin protested the race, how^ever, and much to everybody's surprise, Cornell and Pennsylvania w^ere barred out entirely (the former for coming in first, probably, and the latter for coming in last), and Brown and Bow^doin told to row again to decide the v^inner. This race w^as w^on by Bowdoin. In '86 a crev/ w^as selected and w^ent into training, but at the last moment its entry was v^ithdrawn, w^hether because of lack of funds or for other reasons is not clearly stated. The reputation of the Navy w^as upheld by the victory of H. S. Howland in the Junior single scull 28 VARSITY 1885 Scofield Olmstead Howland Holman event at the National Regatta. He was pitted against severalof the fastest amateurs in the country, but crossed the Une well in the lead, after a "stern chase" throughout almost the entire length of the course. In 1887 Cornell w^on a race at New^ark, on the Passaic, against three boat clubs, and at Worcester defeated Bow^doin by less than three feet over a mile and a half course, after a struggle w^hich left both crew^s completely exhausted and hardly, able to maintain their seats. The Cornell crew had been coached by Albert Hamm and John Teemer, tvvro professional oarsmen w^ho w^ere preparing for the National championship. 29 Peck VARSITY 1887 Stianahan Balch Teemer (coach) Psotta Fieldei The following year Cornell row^ed her last Varsity race in a " four, " defeating Pennsylva- nia and the New York Row^ing Club at Philadelphia. The crew^ w^as accompanied by Court- ney, and because of their diminutive size as compared w^ith other crews, had been nicknamed before the race " Courtney's babies. " In the first race (two heats w^ere row^ed on successive days) one of the " babies " slipped his seat at the start and they w^ere five lengths in the rear w^hen they finally got off. Nevertheless, the " babies " w^on the race, and within a few^ seconds of the best record ever made on the course. For the first time in the history of American boating a college student, Commodore Psotta of the Cornell Navy, this year w^on the amateur championship of America in Senior singles at the National Regatta. The next year he row^ed at the Henley Regatta, w^inning the two pre- liminary heats, but losing in the finals. In one of the heats, Psotta's opponent ran into some skiffs, but Psotta stopped rov/ing, w^aited for him to catch up, and then spurted ahead and w^on the race. He entered the finals a sick man, having lost thirty pounds during his six vvreeks' stay in England, and his pluck and skill w^ere everywhere commented upon. In '89 Cornell w^as represented by her first Varsity "eight." TTie historic crews of the '76 period w^ere six-oared and, w^ith the exception of a Freshman " eight, " from that time on -were four-oared. A three-mile race w^as arranged w^ith Columbia and Pennsylvania at Ne-w London. Cornell w^on, but the Cornell and Columbia boats lapped each other almost the entire distance, and only nine seconds separated them from Pennsylvania. Cornell also -won the Sharpless cup against two boat clubs at Philadelphia, and on the following day won the Child's cup against Pennsylvania, in which race a w^orld's record of 6 minutes 40 seconds was established for one and a half miles. 30 McComb VARSITY 188 Thayer Dolla Tobey (capt.) VARSITY 1889 Barker (sub.) Marston Hagerman Healey (sub.) Colnon Tobey Courtney Thayer (capt.) Benedict Ross Dole Ejnerick 31 The success of the '89 crew created great enthusi- asm, and for the following year a Freshman crew^ in addition to the Varsity w^as decided upon. The Varsity crew^ had no difficulty in de- feating Bow^doin in a race on Cayuga Lake. They also w^on from Pennsylvania at New^ London, establishing a record of 14 minutes 43 seconds for the three miles. Entering upon the second mile of this race, stroke Dole's oar struck a w^ave, and it flew^ from his grasp, striking him on his chest and knocking him back- w^ard. No. 7 (Upton) row^ed one stroke over his prostrate form and at the next pushed him back into place, so that he caught his oar and w^ent on w^ithout a break, the boat meanw^hile maintaining its lead and w^inning by tw^o lengths. VARSITY 1890 Emerick Dole Upton Hagerman Marslon Hill Wolfe Benedict (capt.) Osgood A Freshman race was arranged with Columbia and, ow^ing to a misunderstanding on the part of Yale and Harvard, Yale w^as admitted to a triangular contest. The Yale Freshmen were a staWart crew^, and w^ere expected by their partisans to give a good account of them- selves. The race attracted a good deal of attention as being the first opportunity to compare the Courtney and Cook methods. From the start the Cornell Freshmen jumped into the lead, increasing it to tw^o lengths over Yale at the end of the first mile and three at the finish, establishing a record of I I minutes 16 1/4 seconds for Freshman crew^s. Yale led Columbia by one length. Bob Cook is reported to have said as the flag dropped at the finish, " I never w^ant to see that stroke again." In '91 both Varsity and Freshman crew^s w^ere up to the usual standard, the Freshman defeating Columbia at New^ London, and the Varsity w^inning from Pennsylvania and Colum- bia in the w^orld's record time of 14 minutes 27 1/2 seconds. As the Columbia Freshmen defeated Yale and Harvard, Cornell held the undoubted supremacy in the Freshman crew^s. CORNELL BOATHOUSE (AS BUILT IN 1890) CORNELL LAUNCH 32 VARSITY 1891 Allen Wltherbee Marston Kelley Wagner Hill Wolfe (capt.) Benedict Young Both races were held on Cayuga Lake the next year. The Columbia Freshmen were de- feated by 7 1 /2 lengths and the Pennsylvania Varsity by 5 lengths. The New^ York Athletic Club w^as also defeated by the Varsity on the Passaic River, in w^hich race the record for the course w^as low^ered by tw^elve seconds. Through a misunderstanding of the signal, Cornell w^as tw^o lengths behind at the start, but the distance w^as made up in the first half mile. VARSITY 1892 Kelley Barr Wagner Dole Marston (capt.) Witherbee Gilson Hall Allen In '93 the Columbia Freshmen w^ere defeated at New London by 1 1 lengths, and the Pennsylvania Varsity, coached by Mr. Woodruff, Yale's famous oarsman, w^as defeated at Lake Minnetonka, in Minnesota, by 2 1 /2 lengths in the first four-mile contest. The Cornell crew^ row^ed in an aluminum boat by w^ay of experiment, the metal being manufactured by Cow^les of the '8 1 Henley crew^, but the change did not commend itself as being advantageous. 33 VARSITY 1893 Sherman Hall Gilson Troy Shape Robbins Hagar Ban (capl.) Freeborn The Pennsylvania Varsity was again defeated in '94 at Philadelphia, while the Freshmen defeated the Dauntless Boat Club of New^ York on Cayuga Lake. Dow^n to this time, Cornell had w^on 1 9 Varsity races at home and lost 6. George Pease Witherbee, to whose memory the With- erbee Club House on Percy Field was erected, was drow^ned on Lake Champlain in the summer of '92. While out sailing with a party of boys, the yacht was capsized by a sudden squall. The boat was heavily ballasted with iron, and immediately sank. Witherbee, true to the manly spirit which always characterized him, endeavored to save one of his companions and lost his life in the attempt. " One of Cornell's best students, ablest athletes (captain of the Football Team for the following year), and a true gentleman." GEORGE PEASE WITHERBEE 34 Hagar Shape Carver Brown (Com.) Robbins Hall (capt.) AUe Freeborn (F. W.) Hamilton (sub.) Dyer Troy (sub.) Freeborn (A. C.) ' Walt " Fowler Because of her long list of victories, it was decided in 1 895 to send a crew to compete in the Henley Regatta. The Henley course is one mile 550 yards in length. The crew^ left about six w^eeks before the time of the races. The first heat w^as against Leander and w^as w^on on a Huke, the Leanders not row^ing more than a half dozen strokes and protesting the start, w^hich protest, how^ever, w^as not allow^ed. The second heat w^as against Trinity Hall, a Cambridge eight, and at about the mile post, w^hen in the lead, a Cornell man caught a crab w^hich knocked the oar out of his hand, and the crew^ w^ent to pieces, thus ending another ex- cursion to foreign w^aters in humiliating failure. Concerning the Leander incident, there is no question but that the crew^ acted under its legal rights in accepting the deci- sion of the Stewards as final, but it failed never the less to do 35 Colsi Hall HENLEY CREW ON THE THAMES 1893 Dyer Fennell Freeborn (capt.) Hagar Spillman Roe the right thing, whatever may be urged in extenuation. The crew and its advisers certainly failed accurately to appreciate the sentiment of English row^ing men regarding the extent to w^hich courtesy as opposed to law^ or technicality should prevail in such an emergency. A great opportunity w^as sacrificed in not at once insisting upon another start, or at least offering Leander the chance to row^ in another race. HENLEY— BETWEEN HEATS 36 HENLEY-FINISH OF COURSE In explanation of their position, the members of the crew gave out the following state- ment prior to their departure from England : " In view of the discussion over the action of the Cornell crew in Tuesday's race, w^e believe the position of the Cornell crew in the matter should be clearly defined. The umpire, as w^e interpret the rules of racing, has entire control of a race after it has been started, and to disregard his command is sufficient reason to disqualify a crew^. On Tuesday the usual question ' Are you ready ? ' w^as asked, and as no negative reply was heard by the umpire from either crew, the w^ord ' Go ' w^as given. Cornell started and Leander also drew^ aw^ay from the post. We soon discovered that Leander had stopped row^ing, but the umpire did not recall us, nor did he in any -way indicate his desire to have us return. Had he done so w^e v^ould have stopped at any point on the course. He follow^ed us to the finish, and aw^arded us the heat. " Under the rules governing racing as w^e understand them, had Cornell not row^ed over the course, ^ve w^ould have been liable to disqualification from entry into any subsequent heat, and thereby debarred from further competition for the grand challenge contest. No one can regret the outcome of this lamentable affair more than the members of the Cornell crew^. They certainly did not come to England to claim a race from Leander or any other crev^r by default. " The crew^ has never authorized any statement to the effect that Cornell wrould not consider a proposition for another trial betwreen Leander and ourselves. How^ever, w^e did 37 not feel at liberty to suggest a contest until after the subsequent heats had been decided. It certainly would have been premature on the part of Cornell to take any action in the matter before the result of the subsequent heat in which Cornell w^as to row^, since Leander w^ould undoubtedly not care to row^ us had w^e been defeated by another crew^. So far as Cornell is concerned in connection w^ith the grand challenge cup, w^e acknow^ledge our defeat after a hard race with Trinity Hall. We have no excuses to offer ; w^e w^ere fairly beaten, and w^e take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to the English public for the many courtesies extended to us during our five w^eeks' sojourn in their country." (Signed) " Freeborn." Thus closes a second chapter in the history of Cornell rowing. May the third have a more auspicious ending ! POUGHKEEPSIE CREW 1895 Slade Chriswell Moore Crawford Johnston Sanborn Tatum Troy Richardson At home, in the initial regatta held at Poughkeepsie, Cornell also suffered defeat. The race vv^as row^ed in very rough w^ater, Pennsylvania's shell sinking at the three mile point, and Cornell's just after crossing the line live lengths behind Columbia. The Freshman crew^ w^on from Pennsylvania on Cayuga Lake.* There has been considerable discussion as to w^hether or not the Cornell stroke w^as materially altered as a result of the Henley experience. A very illuminating letter from President B. I. Wheeler of California University, formerly professor at Cornell, and, w^ith the exception of the trip abroad, in charge of Cornell boating interests for many years, may be cited on this point : " There is no doubt, " he says, " that our crew in the Henley year tried a sharper, quicker stroke, having some regard to the shortness of the Henley course, and that in following years the stroke w^as gradually lengthened out. Mr. Courtney at the time told me that the stroke accommodated itself to the convenience and pow^er of the men w^ho *During Courtney's absence abroad with the Henley crew, his place w^as ably filled by Fred R. White of Cleve- land, Ohio, a senior in the Law School and Manager of the Football team. He had also directed the work of the Freshman crew the previous year. 38 happened to be in the boat, particularly the stroke oar. There can be no doubt, however, that the Cornell stroke vvras a much longer and slower stroke in the years succeeding Henley, but it must be remembered that in 1897 and 1898 a stroke oar of characteristic figure sat in the boat, and he w^as not unlikely to be a very determining factor in w^hat the crew^ did. In training his crew^s Mr. Courtney rarely paid attention to the number of strokes a minute, further than to note the fact. He rarely, if ever, gave any directions as to the length of the stroke or the time. I have been w^ith him so much on the coaching launch that I can vouch for this much. If you can solve the riddle of the fact of the lengthened stroke you can certainly do more than I can." This view^ w^ould seem to bear out the contention of Cornell oarsmen and of Mr. Courtney himself, that the stroke has aWays been fundamentally the same w^ith the exception of slight modifications, but that its length or rapidity is largely deter- mined by the individual characteristics of the members of the crew^. In '96, ow^ing to another interruption of athletic relations betw^een Yale and Harvard and largely through the efforts of Professor H. S. White of the Cornell Faculty (Harvard '73), a tw^o year row^ing agreement w^as made w^ith Harvard, and Pennsylvania and Columbia w^ere invited to join in a four cornered race, Poughkeepsie being agreed upon as the place for holding the regatta. Casper Whitney conceded this race to Harvard, as being the fastest and smoothest row^ing crew^ on the river. How^ever, if Columbia, w^ith seven of her last year's crew^, improved as she had the power of doing, she might surprise them all, w^hile Cornell, he said, could hardly be expected to maintain her excellent form and speed after tw^o miles. The Freshmen won their race in magnificent form, although at the second stroke, her bow^ oarsman's lock spread and for the greater part of the tw^o miles his attention w^as con- centrated upon the oar for fear that contact w^ith the rough w^ater w^ould throw^ it from the lock. In the Varsity race. Harvard led for the first mile, and was even with Cornell at the Ludla Chri VARSITY 1896 (Immediately after race at Poughkeepsie) Moore Freeborn (capt.) Savage Spillman Talum Briggs 39 second, but from that point, Cornell gradually forged to the front, winning by something over two lengths, and establishing a record of 19 minutes 29 seconds for the four miles. Harvard was second, Pennsylvania third and Columbia fourth. VARSITY 1897 Colson Briggs Savage Spillman Odell King Moore Bentley Wakeman The follow^ing year athletic relations w^ere resumed betw^een Harvard and Yale. At Harvard's suggestion, Cornell acquiesced in a three-cornered race to be held at Poughkeepsie, the request of the Cornell Council that Pennsylvania and Columbia be also invited to participate, not being assented to. The Harvard crew^ w^as this year coached by Mr. Lehman, the famous English oarsman. At the time of the race, he regarded the Harvard crew^ as a fair average of a good Oxford or Cambridge crew^. Bob Cook, the Yale coach, considered Harvard's crew^ the fastest she had ever had, and that the race w^as in doubt as betw^een Harvard and Yale. TTie race itself was described by a metropolitan paper somewhat as follows : Yale started behind Harvard, but after a dozen strokes they w^ere as nearly level as possible. Cornell was half a length in the rear and w^ould of course disappear entirely, then for a minute all were even. At the mile, it looked as if Cornell w^ere leading; at the mile and a half Yale w^as half a length ahead of Harvard, and from that point it w^as a continual struggle betw^een the two for second honors. Cornell w^as rowring w^ith perfect smoothness and ease, but she seemed constantly to gain. At the tw^o mile and a half point she led Yale by tw^o lengths, w^hich w^as gradually increased to four at the finish, with Harvard 3-12 lengths behind Yale. Harvard's stroke fainted as the line vsras reached, and several others were on the point of collapse, but the other crews seemed little the worse for the four mile struggle. One correspondent said that Cornell won the race with so little seeming effort that one could hardly believe she wasn't rowing in a steam launch. Bob Cook said it was, with the exception of Henley, the first real race Yale had rowed in for ten years, and that it was a contest in which Yale might well feel proud to have come in second. 40 In the Freshman race, Cornell lost for the first time in the history of her Freshman crews, Yale and Harvard both crossing the line in front of her and all three crews breaking the record for two miles. A week later the Freshmen defeated Pennsylvania and Columbia in a terrific struggle, w^hile the Varsity defeated Columbia by ten lengths, Pennsylvania sw^amping at about the tw^o and a half mile point. Earlier in the year the Cornell second Varsity defeated the Naval Cadets at Annapolis over a tw^o mile course by about two lengths. VARSITY 1898 Colson Briggs Savage Beardslee Moore Bailey Walceman Bentley Dalzell 'Freddie" Briggs at New London 1898 (Before the Race) In '98, the arrangement of the preceding year continued, except that the race vv^ith Yale and Harvard w^as held at Ne-w London. Mr. Lehman returned to coach Harvard, and Yale joined in the race. The struggle for first place w^as again betw^een Yale and Cornell, the latter w^inning by I 4 seconds. The Freshman race w^as also a repetition of the previous year's contest, the result being in doubt until the very last, and the three boats lapping as they crossed the line, Yale first. Harvard second, and Cornell third. A wreek later came the Saratoga Regatta in w^hich the Var- sity race w^as won by Pennsylvania by three lengths, Wisconsin third, but fighting it out writh Cornell for second place, and Columbia fourth. At the mile point Wisconsin led slightly, but the four boats w^ere neck and neck. Cornell gained on 41 FINISH AT NEW LONDON 1898 (Cornell) (Yale) (Harvard) Wisconsin, but before the two mile post was reached the Pennsylvania boat w^ent ahead w^ith a rush, w^hile Columbia w^as gradually dropping to the rear. The Pennsylvania men responded gamely to the calls of their coxsw^ain and from the beginning of the last mile slow^ly increased their lead. There w^as a glorious sprint dow^n the stretch betvs^een Wisconsin and Cornell, the former being slightly in the lead as they entered on the last quarter but losing out by three quarters of a length. Columbia w^as about four lengths behind Wisconsin. The Freshmen w^on from Columbia and Pennsylvania by eight lengths. On Decoration Day in 1 899 a race w^as held on Cayuga Lake betw^een the Junior Varsities of Pennsylvania and Cornell, the latter winning by three-quarters of a length. Yale and Harvard this year resumed their dual contests at New^ London, w^hile Cornell continued her races on the Hudson in the Poughkeep- sie Regatta. Three events w^ere held — Varsity, Freshman, and Four-oared. The first w^as largely betw^een Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, the splendid rowing of the latter being sacrificed by the bad steering of her coxsw^ain. Cornell w^as third and Colum- bia fourth. Pennsylvania also w^on the Four-oared race but lost the Freshman to Cornell. Freddie" Briggs at New London 1898 (After the Race) 42 ^ ^H^^^^^7;:::: '^-: -^ mm ^^■■r^^ ~-sJI& - Var ■j^a^^M^ssafc'SnwHP' Smallwood Hartley derhoef DalzeU VARSITY 1899 Beardslee Lyon Sweetland King Fisher (capt.) Gould (com.) Robbins Courtney Wakeman It was felt throughout the season of '99 that the Varsity crew w^as not up to the standard, and its defeat at the hands of Pennsylvania and Wisconsin was not so much of a surprise. Such -was not the case the year following, however, when Cornell failed to win a race. At the Decoration Day Regatta in Philadelphia she was represented by her Freshman crew, and came in second, w^ith Pennsylvania first and Columbia third. The Varsity race at Poughkeepsie "was again w^on by Pennsylvania, w^ith Wisconsin second, Cornell third, Columbia fourth, and Georgetow^n fifth. The Freshman race w^as w^on by Wisconsin, w^hile the four-oared went to Pennsylvania in the record time of I minutes 31 1/5 seconds. The years of 1900 and 1901 w^itnessed a revival of interest in college aquatics. Not since the Saratoga days of '75 and '86 had so many Varsity crew^s been training for the Poughkeepsie Regatta. In 1901 Syracuse w^as represented by a Varsity " eight," bringing the number of con- testants in this event up to six. Cornell this year resumed her position of supremacy, w^inning the main event in the w^orld's record time of 18 minutes 53 1/5 seconds; also the four-oared lace against Columbia and Pennsylvania, and losing the Freshman race only through one of her oars jumping the lock, she being w^ell in the lead at the mile and three-quarter point, -where the accident occurred. The winter of 1900 witnessed the presentation of a magnificent cup by the Chicago Alumni for class competi- tion, w^hich has been annually contested for in a fall regatta. 43 VARSITY 1900 Long Robbins Dalzell Ccapt.) Francis Smallwood Beardslee Petty Vanderhoef Hartley The Decoration Day Regatta on Cayuga had also been won by Cornell, -with Columbia second and Pennsylvania third. On Decoration Day of 1 902 crews w^ere entered in tw^o regattas, one against Syracuse and the New^ell Club of Harvard on Cayuga, w^hich w^as w^on by Cornell ; and one against Penn- sylvania and Columbia on the Schuylkill, "which w^as w^on by Pennsylvania, with Cornell third. Cornell w^on first place in the three events at the Poughkeepsie Regatta, being represented by a Varsity crew w^hich Courtney said -was the finest row^ing crew he had ever seen and capable of going faster than any crew^ that had ever represented Cornell. The fall of '99 was marked by the appointment of Fred D. Colson, B. L. '97, LL. B. '98, as assistant coach to Mr. Courtney. He has continued in that capacity until the present, at the same time carrying on the work of an instructorship in the Law School, with the excep- tion of the spring term of 1904, when he was given a leave of absence to enable him to assist in coaching the crew at Harvard University. F. D. Colson 44 WORLD'S RECORD CREW (18: 5 3 'A) VARSITY 1901 Smith Robbins Petty Vanderhoef (capt. ) Lueder Van Alstyne Kuschke Merrill Hazelwood In 1 903 the performance of the previous year was repeated, Cornell winning the Junior event on Decoration Day against Pennsylvania and Harvard, and the Poughkeepsie races in one, tw^o, three order. The Freshman crew^ broke the intercollegiate record made by Yale at Poughkeepsie in '97 by row^ing the tw^o miles in 9 minutes 18 seconds. The Poughkeepsie Regatta in 1 904 was w^on in both Varsity and Freshman events by Syracuse, a comparative novice in intercollegiate row^ing. The Syracuse crew^s had been coached by the veteran oarsman. Ten Eyck. Ow^ing to the contingency occasioned by sickness of two of the men in the Cornell boat it w^as decided to row^ the Foote boys in two successive races, the four-oared and Varsity. Although the Varsity w^as undoubtedly w^eakened by this policy, the loss of the race has not generally been attributed to that fact. The four-oared race w^as w^on by Cornell by eight or nine lengths. The Decoration Day race w^as against Harvard on Cayuga, Cornell w^inning by three lengths. 45 VARSITY 1902 Smith Coffin Hazelwood Frenzel Lueder Van Alstyne Petty (capt.) Merrill Sebring Decoration Day 1905 is one long to be remembered by Cornellians. On that day the Harvard Varsity vv^as defeated at Cambridge by six lengths in a two-mile race, with banks and housetops thronged by a tremendous crow^d. At the same time the Junior Varsity, w^ith a stroke taken from the Freshman crew^ at the eleventh hour, -was clipping tvs^o seconds from the record of the American Henley course on the Schuylkill, defeating the Yale and Pennsylvania representatives ; w^hile in other branches Manhattan -was defeated in baseball 2 to 0, and the Inter- collegiate Track Meet w^as won at Philadelphia by a close margin. The 1 905 Varsity crew^ w^as easily the best of the long line of Cornell crew^s, many experts agreeing that it w^as the fastest crew that ever sat in an American shell. The time of the four-mile race at Poughkeepsie w^as not fast, ow^ing to unfavorable conditions at the time, but previously the crew had rowed over the course in 18 minutes 33 seconds and had rowed up-stream in 18 minutes 24 1/2 seconds. 46 VARSITY 1903 Buchanan Coffin ELdmonston Nutting Foote Van Alstyne Brandow Wadsworth Lueder SAGE COLLEGE CREW (Undisputed Champions of Beebe Lake) 47 VARSITY 1904 Heggem Nutting Stone Ballinger Foote (G. W.) Wadsworth Fernow Foote (E. T.) Boesch When the starting signal was given Cornell was not headed straight, and it required three or four quick splashing strokes to turn the boat into its course. After that, how^ever, the crew^ settled dow^n to a long, slow^ thirty-two to the minute stroke, which was not varied for a The Oaks CORNELL QUARTERS AT POUGHKEEPSIE 48 VARSITY 1905 Taylor Foote (E, T.) Lee Fernow Foote (G. W.) Dods Boesch (Com.) Barton Stowell moment throughout the course. At the half-mile Cornell w^as comfortably in the lead ; at the mile, six lengths of open water separated her from her nearest competitor, and from there on a length was gained w^ith each minute of the race. While the other crew^s engaged in a terri- ble nerve-racking struggle for supremacy, Cornell just row^ed on and on in the distance. As someone expressed it, it seemed like a dream, or like a farce comedy concocted for the enter- tainment of those tw^enty thousand spectators. The order of finish w^as, Cornell, Syracuse, (Other Crews) F1.NISH OF 1905 VARSITY RACE 49 (Cornell) Georgetown, Columbia, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin. The Freshman race 'was won by Cornell by eight lengths, w^ith Syracuse second, Columbia third, and Pennsylvania fourth. Syracuse w^on the four-oared from Cornell by three-quarters of a length in record time, with Pennsylva- nia, Columbia and Wisconsin follow^ing. - M^H J^ ^- L..„.. ... j^ tLA., ik. Mi 4^ N* Hjgnii SPBS ■i • ■ ^^i^s^ ■ ^g[^^^_^' r «' 1 M -Mil V ^.yHFlHMilllJ^^H ^^ (Cornell) JUNIOR VARSITY RACE (Cayuga Lake 1906) (Pennsylvania) In ] 906, Cornell w^as still supreme, w^inning the Poughkeepsie regatta in Varsity and four-oared events, but losing to Syracuse in the Freshman. In the Varsity race, soon after the start, the six boats divided into tw^o groups with Cornell leading Syracuse and Penn- sylvania in the first group, and Wisconsin, Columbia and Georgetow^n making up the second. At the end of the mile, Cornell w^as leading slightly with Pennsylvania second, w^hich lead v^as maintained throughout and increased to a length and a half at the finish. Syracuse struggled w^ith Pennsylvania for second place, w^ith Wisconsin, Columbia and Georgetow^n follow^ing. The four-oared w^as w^on by Cornell, in a runaw^ay race, w^hile the Freshman w^as the spectacular race of the day, Syracuse w^inning by a length, Cornell second, Wisconsin third, by probably less than five feet, and Columbia and Pennsylvania follow^ing. On Deco- ration Day, at Cambridge, defeat had again been administered to the Harvard crew^, which later w^on from Yale at New^ London and lost to Cambridge University in England. This ends the record of the Cornell Navy to date (January I, 1907). What the future holds in store for her w^e can only surmise; but if a system firmly established upon a broad common sense basis, a long and creditable list of victories, determination on the part of an enthusiastic and ever increasing body of " grads " and " undergrads," count for anything, Cornell will continue to w^in a fair share, and perhaps something more than a fair share, of victories on the water. In the fall of 1905 an intra-college challenge cup was offered by Mr. J. H. Barr, a former professor, and at the time an Alumni Trustee of the University. The first regatta for that trophy was held in May, 1906, on the Inlet, over a quarter-mile course, and was won by the College of Civil Engineering. The races were rovjred in eight-oared gigs, two crews rowing at a time, and five colleges competing. It promises to be one of the popular rowing events of the year. 50 Taylo Foote Lee VARSITY 1906 Gavat Dods Stowell Barton Newman If asked to analyze the causes of her past success, I should perhaps say with Mr. C. S. Francis, in a letter written some years ago, that it has been the result of the exercise of good judgment in the selection of the personnel of the crew^s, of faithful training on the part of those selected, and a determination not to admit the possibility of defeat. "While not taking from the oarsmen one tittle of credit, how^ever," he goes on to say, " and w^hile appreciating at their proper value advantages of good w^ater, and the big hill, w^hich does much tow^ard developing leg muscle and lung pow^er, yet to the intelligent and careful coaching of Mr. Charles E. Courtney more than to all other causes combined, is the Cornell Navy indebted for her long list of victories." A SPEED TRIAL ON THE HUDSON 51 THE "OLD MAN" AND COXSWAINS (1906) 52 A DAY AT THE POUGHKEEPSIE RACES 1906 GETTING ON THE OBSERVATION TRAIN 53 THE START OF THE FOUR-OARED Pennsylvania (4) Syracuse (3) Columbia (2) Cornell (1) AT THE MILE Syracuse (2) Cornell (1) AT THE MILE AND A HALF Cornell (1) 54 Wisconsin (5) START OF THE FRESHMAN Pennsylvania (4) Cornell (3) Syracuse (2) Columbia ( 1 ) Pennsylvania (5) HALF MILE Columbia (4) Wisconsin (3) Cornell (2) Syracuse ( I ) Columbia (5) Pennsylvania (4) MILE Wisconsin (3) Cornell (2) Syracuse ( 1 ) Columbia (4) FINISH Wisconsin (3) Cornell (2) Syracuse ( I ) 55 START OF THE VARSITY Pennsylvania (6) Gccrgetown (5) Cornell (4) Wisconsin (3) Columbia (2) Syracuse (I) HALF MILE Columbia (6) Georgetown (5) Wisconsin (4) Syracuse (3) Pennsylvania (2) Cornell (!) <*■«*-«■>■«*< f •4'iHi i i i i MILE Columbia (6) Wisconsin (5) Georgetown (4) Syracuse (3) Pennsylvania (2) Cornell CI) Columbia (6) Georgetown (5) Wisconsin (4) MILE AND ONE HALF 56 Syracuse (3) Pennsylvania (2) Cornell (I) Georgetown (6) Columbia (5) Wisconsin (4) TWO MILES Syracuse (3) TWO AND ONE HALF IVIILES Pennsylvania (2) Syracuse (3) Cornell (1) THREE MILES Syracuse (3) Pennsylvania (2) Cornell ( 1 ) THREE AND ONE HALF MILES Syracuse (3) Pennsylvania (2) Cornell (I) 57 FINISH POUGHKEEPSIE '06 (Just after Crossing the Une) Syracuse (3) Pennsylvania (2) Cornell (I) CORNELL NAVY RECORD MEMBERS OF THE CREWS 1873 Varsity 1874 Varsity Bow R. Anderson J. N. Ostrom (Captain) 2 J. N. Ostrom L. F. Henderson 3 J. H. Southard P. Clark 4 C. S. Dutton M. M. Carver 5 F. B. Ferriss (Captain) R. W. Corv/in Stroke C. C. King C. C. King Substitute E. L. Phillips * J. H. Southard 1875 Varsity 1875 Freshman Bow J. S. Waterman * L. Palmer 2 D. O. Barto J. L. Camp, Jr. 3 A. R. Gillis V. De Loss Grave 4 J. L. Jarvis A. W. Smith 5 C. C. King H. 1. Carpenter ''' Stroke J. N. Ostrom (Captain) John Lewis (Captain) Substitute E. Le B. Gardner 1876 Varsity 1876 Freshman Bow^ J. S. Waterman * F. N. Wilcox 2 D. O. Barto G. T. Baker 3 A. W. Smith W. Doggett 4 J. L. Jarvis E. W. Gregory 5 John Lewis J. W. Warner Stroke J. N. Ostrom (Captain) J. P. Mason (Captain) Substitutei » L. Palmer G. A. Dounce D. W. King 1877 and 1878, No Varsity 1877, No Freshman 58 1878 Freshman E. O. Curtice C. E. Foster H. T. Waterbury A. H. Cowles J. G. Allen D. L. D. Jayne E. H. Cole J. N. D. Shinkel (Captain) Bow 2 3 4 5 6 7 Stroke Coxsw^ain V. Elstun Substitute B. Arnold* 1879 Varsity Bow J. W. Warner 2 J. G. Allen 3 J. N. D. Shinkel Stroke John Lew^is Substitutes D. D. Jayne G. M. Mann* 1880 Varsity A. H. Cowles John Lewis J. G. Allen J. N. D. Shinkel 1881 Varsity (Henley Crew) 1882 Varsity Bow 2 3 Stroke Substitute A. H. Cowles John Lew^is J. G. Allen J. N. D. Shinkel J. E. Read J. F. Tuthill A. H. Cowles S. S. Holman H. B. Swartwout E. C. Reed 1883 Varsity 1884 Varsity Bow^ 2 3 Stroke Substitute C. A. Raht F. G. Scofleld C. C. Chase H. B. Swartwout (Captain) F. E. Wilcox C. A. Raht A. L. Cornell H. S. Howland F. G. Scofield (Captain) W. G. Barney W. Church 1885 Varsity 1886, No Varsity Bow 2 3 Stroke H. S. Howland S. S. Holman E. M. Olmstead F. G. Scofield (Captain) 1887 Varsity 1888 Varsity Bow^ 2 3 Stroke W. Stranahan G. L. Fielder (Captain) W. H. Peck A. C Balch W. B. Tobey (Captain)* W. M. Dollar G. H. Thayer R. L. McComb Substitute J. D. Ross 59 1889 Varsity Bow J. D. Ross 2 H. A. Benedict 3 A. G. Colnon 4 W. B. Tobey * 5 A. W. Marston 6 P. Hagerman 7 G. H. Thayer (Captain) Stroke W. S. Dole Coxsw^ain L. W. Emerich Substitutes H. L. Baker L. W. Healy 1890 Varsity Bow W. D. Osgood * 2 H. A. Benedict (Captain) 3 J. M. Wolfe 4 T. W. Hill 5 A. W. Marston 6 P. Hagerman 7 D. Upton Stroke W. S. Dole Coxsw^ain L. W. Emerich 1891 Varsity Bow W. Young 2 F. W. Kelley 3 J. M. Wolfe (Captain) 4 T. W. Hill 5 G. F. Wagner 6 G. P. Witherbee * 7 A. W. Marston Stroke H. A. Benedict Coxsw^aiE lE. P.Allen* Substitutes C. J. Barr E. A. Griffith 1892 Varsity Bow^ F. W. Kelley 2 C. J. Barr 3 C. F. Wagner 4 W. S. Dole 5 A. W. Marston (Captain) 6 G. P. Witherbee * 7 E. G. Gilson Stroke T. Hall Coxsw^ain , E. p. Allen 1= Substitutes F. S. Root 1890 Freshman G. P. Symonds F. W. Kelley (Captain) C. B. Hadden A. T. Baldwin G. V. Fowler C. J. Barr W. Young G. P. Witherbee * E. P. Allen * Substitute E. A. Griffith 1891 Freshman R. B. Daggett W. H. Dole (Captain) F. S. Root W. H. Dunham A. H. Place T. Hall E. G. Gilson W. G. Kranz T. S. Clark . S. G. Higley 1892 Freshman A. C. Freeborn P. A. Robbins E. C. Hagar W. B. Sanborn H. C Pitcher H. C. Troy (Captain) R. L. Shape G. W. Collins N. N. Sherman * J. A. Nichols, Jr. E. Heitman, Jr. Juan Zaldvondo 60 1893 Varsity Bow A. C. Freeborn 2 C. J. Barr (Captain) 3 E. C. Hagar 4 P. A. Robbins 5 R. L. Shape 6 H. C. Troy 7 E. G. Gilson Stroke T. Hall Coxswain N. N. Sherman* Substitute G. W. Collins 1894 Varsity Bow A. C. Freeborn 2 T. Hall (Captain) 3 E. C. Hagar 4 G. P. Dyer 5 T. N. Carver 6 F. W. Freeborn 7 R. L. Shape Stroke P. A. Robbins Coxswain E. P. Allen * Substitutes H. C Troy R. B. Hamilton L. L. Tatum 1895 Varsity Bow^ F. C. Slade 2 W. B. Chriswell 3 C S. Moore * 4 E. Johnston 5 C H. Smith 6 W. B. Sanborn 7 L. L. Tatum Stroke H. C. Troy (Captain) Coxsw^ain R. T. Richardson Substitutes E. A. Crawford J. H. Taussig F. A. Briggs 1893 Freshman F. B. Matthews * E. H. Bingham E. F. Guilford G. P. Dyer H. L. K. Shaw^ (Captain) W. How^ard F. C. Slade R. B. Hamilton J. H. Hall M. W. Roe Z. W. Wheland 1894 Freshman J. H. Taussig W. B. Chriswell C. A. Louis E. A. Craw^ford D. C. Scott L. Kinney L. Dillingham E. O. Spillman (Captain) F. D. Colson W. H. Squire 1895 Freshman E. J. Savage (Captain) C. K. Conrad * I. C. Ludlam J. Fuller, Jr. E. Johnson J. C. Inslee* C. S. Moore * F. A. Briggs E. A. Boyd H. W. Jeffers W. C White 61 189£ 1 Varsity (Henley Crew) Bow^ M . W. Roe 2 E. o. Spillman 3 E. c. Hagar 4 F. w . Freeborn (Captain) 5 T. E. Fennell 6 G. P. Dyer 7 C. A. Louis Stroke T. Hi ill Coxsw^ain F. D. Colson Substitutes R. L. Shape W . B. sntley R. B. Hamilton F. B. Matthews * 1896 Varsity 1896 Freshman Bow I. C. Ludlam W. B. Stamford 2 W. B. Chriswell T. L. Bailey 3 C. S. Moore* S. W. Wakeman (Captain) 4 F. W. Freeborn (Captain) C M. Oddie 5 E. J. Savage P. Russell 6 E. O. Spillman A. C. King 7 L. L. Tatum W. C Dalzell, Jr. Stroke F. A. Briggs E. B. Carter Coxswain F. D. Colson S.L.Fisher* Substitutes E. Johnston H. C. Troy F. C. Slade 1897 Varsity G. O. Wagner A. B. Raymond 1897 Freshman Bow S. W. Wakeman P. Will 2 W. Bentley C. B. SmalWood 3 C. S. Moore * P. B. Windsor 4 A. C. King R. H. Gamw^ell 5 M. M. Odell L. F. Hanmer 6 E. O. Spillman (Captain) C. W. Coit 7 E. J. Savage A. R. Ayers Stroke F. A. Briggs J. W. Ihlder Coxsw^air 1 F. D. Colson E. T. Magoffin Substitutes W. C. Dalzell, Jr. C. M. Oddie E. B. Carter T. L. Bailey H. E. Halloway R. W. Beardslee 62 1898 Varsity 1898 Freshman Bow W. C. Dalzell, Jr. C. H. Fay 2 W. Bentley H. E. Vanderhoef 3 S. W. Wakeman E. C. King 4 T. L. Bailey C. W. Cross 5 C. S. Moore * A. Ball 6 R. W. Beardslee L. S. Lyon (Captain) 7 E. J. Savage S. W. Hardey Stroke F. A. Briggs C. B. English Coxswain I F. D. Colson (Captain) N. L. Ritchie Substitutes A. B. Raymond E. R. Sweetland 1899 Varsity D. R. Thomas R. W. Robbins T. B. Taylor C. A. Tryon 1899 Freshman Bow S. W. Hartley A. F. Brinckerhoef 2 H. E. Vanderhoef H. L. Chase 3 S. W. Wakeman L. S. Haskin 4 A. C. King F. H. Teagle 5 E. R. Sw^eetland A. S. Petty 6 R. W. Beardslee E. H. Powley (Captain) 7 W. C Dalzell E. D. Toohill Stroke R. W. Robbins J. M. Francis Coxswain S. L. Fisher (Captain) G. E. Long Substitutes L. S. Lyon C. B. Smallwood W. O. Beyer E. L. Walker 1899 Four-Oared Bow A. R. Ayers 2 L. S. Lyon 3 L. F. Hanmer Stroke C. B. Englis ;h 1900 Varsity 1900 Freshman Bow S. W. Hartley H. M. Longyear '■= 2 H. E. Vanderhoef P. F. Ballinger 3 A. S. Petty C. R. Osborne 4 R. W. Beardslee J. P. Frenzel, Jr. 5 C. B. SmalWood R. L. Hutton 6 J. M. Francis F. E. Benedict 7 W. C. Dalzell, Jr. (Captain) H. T. Kuschke Stroke R. W. Robbins W. Merrill Coxsw^ain 1 G. E. Long J. G. Smith Substitutes T. J. Van Alstyne S. Hazlew^ood 63 1900 Four-Oared Bow A. F. Brinckerhoe ;f 2 E. A. Burrow^s 3 W. O. Beyer 4 A. E. Flowers 1901 Varsity 1901 Freshman Bow S. Hazlew^ood J. W. Schade 2 W. Merrell E. A. Wadsworth 3 H. T. Kuschke W. A. Whittelsey, Jr. 4 T. J. Van Alstyne R. W. Nutting 5 C. A. Lueder H. W. Torney 6 H. E. Vanderhoe f (Captain) R. M. Thompson 7 A. S. Petty J. F. Borden (Captain) Stroke R. W. Robbins A. R. Coffin Coxswain J. G. Smith E. G. Atkin Substitutes B. H. Smith C A. Lyford E. D. Sebring 1901 Four-Oared G. W. Walker Bow^ E. D. Toohill 2 P. F. Ballinger 3 C. L. Edmonston Stroke J. P. Frenzel, Jr. 1902 Varsity 1902 Freshman Bow E. D. Sabring J. L. White 2 W. Merrill J. Snyder (Captain) 3 A. S. Petty (Captain) J. W. Fisher 4 T. J. Van Alstyne F. Miller 5 C. A. Lueder G. W. Foote 6 J. P. Frenzel, Jr. H. S. Munroe 7 S. Hazlewood * L. G. Gates Stroke A. R. Coffin W. C. Shephard Coxsw^ain 1 J. G. Smith 1. V. Buchanan Substitutes P. F. Ballinger C D. Ruland H. W. Torney 1902 Four-Oared C. E. Boesch Bow E. D. Toohill 2 P. F. Ballinger 3 C. L. Edmonston Stroke C. A. Lyford 64 1903 Varsity 1903 Freshman Bow C. L. Edmonston W. F. Lee 2 E. A. Wadsworth R. C. Barton 3 E. E. Brandow C. P. Johnson 4 T. J. Van Alstyne P. Folger 5 G. W. Foote J. H. Whitehead 6 R. W. Nutting H. L. Aller 7 C. A. Lueder W. H. Forbes Stroke A. R. Coffin E. T. Foote Coxswair 1 I. V. Buchanan R. R. Slocum Substitutes J. P. Frenzel (Captain) H. F. Locke C. C. Adams H. S. Krauter A. Whittemore 1903 Four-Oared Bow J. W. Schade 2 J. Snyder 3 A. Stone Stroke L. F. Bruce 1904 Varsity 1904 Freshman Bow C. E. Boesch J. H. Graham 2 E. T. Foote J. A. Ostos 3 B. E. Fernow F. D. Hooper 4 E. A. Wadsworth R. H. Bishop 5 G. W. Foote J. Q. Newton 6 P. F. Ballinger R. E. Coulson 7 A. Stone W. S. Stowell Stroke R. W. Nutting G. C. Sumner Coxsw^air I C. R. Heggen W. G. Taylor Substitutes A. R. Coffin (Captain) G. W. Nasmyth W. H. Forbes C. J. Goodier 1904 Four-Oared Bow W. F. Lee 2 R. C. Barton 3 G. W. Foote Stroke E. T. Foote 1905 Varsity 1905 Freshman Bow^ W. S. Stowell T. Earle 2 R. C. Barton A. A. Allen 3 C. E. Boesch (Commodore) G. C. Hanson 4 J. P. Dods S. C Nedham 5 G. W. Foote L. W. Gavett 6 B. E. Femow, Jr. J. W. Holt 7 W. F. Lee T. W. Welsh Stroke E. T. Foote C. P. Cox Coxsw^ain I W. G. Taylor G. D. Ellsworth, Jr. Substitutes G. M. Chapman J. H. Bromley O. W. Roats. J. A. Carman 65 1905 Four-Oared Bow F. D. Hooper 2 C. D. Barnhardt 3 J. M. Acklin Stroke C. J. Goodier 1906 Varsity 1906 Freshman Bow^ W. S. Newman S. S. Bullen 2 R. C. Barton F. E. Wurst 3 W. S. Stowell E. H. Clark 4 J. P. Dods H. N. Simpson 5 L. W. Gavett R. W. Conant 6 C. P. Cox G. H. Walder 7 W. F. Lee A. G. Vail Stroke E. T. Foote (Commodore) R. W. Weed. Jr. Coxswain W. G. Taylor W. C Sloan 1906 Four-Oared Bow^ T. W. B. Welsh 2 L. R. Gracy 3 J. M. Acklin Stroke C. J. Goodier De 66 CORNELL NAVY RECORD Place Contestants in Order of Finish 1872 Ithaca, May 11 Union Springs, Cornell 1873 Springfield, July 16 Saratoga, July 18 , Yale, Wesleyan, Harvard, Cornell, Columbia, Dart- mouth, Amherst, Bowdoin, Mass., Agriculture, Trinity, Williams 1874 Columbia, Wesleyan, Harvard, Williams, Cornell, Dart- mouth, Princeton, Trinty, Yale 1875 Ithaca, May 22 Cornell, Union Springs Saratoga, July 13 (Freshman) Cornell, Harvard, Brown, Princeton . . . Saratoga, July 14 Cornell, Columbia, Harvard, Dartmouth, Wesleyan, Yale, Amherst, Brown, Williams, Bow^doin, Hamilton, Union, Princeton 1876 Ithaca, June 12 Cornell, Watkins Saratoga, July 19 (Freshman) Cornell, Harvard, Columbia " " (Single) Cornell (C. S. Francis) Harvard, Columbia, Pennsylvania " " Cornell, Harvard, Columbia, Union, Wesleyan, Prince- ton 1878 Ensinore (Ow^asco Lake) July 1 7 . (Freshman) Cornell, Harvard 1879 Ithaca, May 30 Watkins, Cornell Lake George, July 18 Columbia, Wesleyan, Cornell 1880 Lake George, July 16 Cornell, Pennsylvania, Columbia 1881 Henley, Eng., June 30 London, Thames, Cornell . . , " July 2 Hertford College, Cornell .... London, Eng., July 14 London, Thames, Cornell Vienna, Austria, Aug. 11 ... Cornell defeated . . . . 1882 Lake George, July 4 Pennsylvania, Wesleyan, Princeton, Cornell, Bowdoin 67 Time Distance Boat 16.54 16.59 16.42 11.14 17.32i 16.53i 17.131 13.25 8.26 9.12 8.56 8.19 9.35 2 6 3 6 13.30 2 6 1 7.23 J 3 6 13.421 3 6 17.01i 3 6 2 4 li 4 H 1 mi. 4 550 yds. 1 mi. 4 550 yds. If 4 4 14 Pla Cazenovia Lake, May 25 Lake George, July 4 . . Contestants in Order of Finish 1883 Cornell, Elmira, Syracuse Cornell, Pennsylvania, Princeton, Wesleyan Time Distance Boat Philadelphia, June 19 Saratoga, July 6 . . . Philadelphia, June 19 . . Worcester, Mass., July 4 . 1884 . Pennsylvania, Cornell, Princeton . Pennsylvania, Cornell, Bowrdoin, Princeton, Columbia 1885 . Cornell, Pennsylvania . . . Cornell, Brown, Bowdoin, Pennsylvania 1886 Saratoga (Junior Singles) Cornell (H. S. Hov^rland) 1887 Newark, June 11 Cornell, three Boat Clubs Worcester, Mass. July 5 . , . . Cornell, Bow^doin 1888 Philadelphia, July 4 Cornell, Pennsylvania, New York Rowing Club 1889 Newr London, June 27 Cornell, Columbia, Pennsylvania Philadelphia, July 4 Cornell, Crescents, Fairmounts " "5 Cornell, Pennsylvania 1890 Ithaca, June 18 Cornell, Bow^doin New London, June 24 . ... (Freshman) Cornell, Columbia, Yale " "26 Cornell, Pennsylvania .... 1891 New London, June 20 (Freshman) Cornell, Columbia "25 Cornell, Pennsylvania, Columbia 1892 Ithaca, June 9 . . (Freshman) Cornell, Columbia Newark, May 31 Cornell, New York Athletic Club Ithaca, June 15 Cornell, Pennsylvania 1893 New^ London, June 20 (Freshman) Cornell, Columbia Lake Minnetonka, Minn., July 8 . Cornell, Pennsylvania .... Torresdale, Pa., June 16 Ithaca, June 18 ... . 1894 . . Cornell, Pennsylvania . . (Freshman) Cornell, Dauntless R. C. 11.35 11.57 9.06J 8.39i 8.51 9.10^ 10.8 8.13J 9.38 8.19J 10.38 14.274* 10.56 7.21* 17.26 10.08 23.40 2I.I2J 11.152 2 1i \h 2 H 3 4 4 5.30 3 6 7.03 li 8 6.40* li 8 17.30 3 8 1I.16J 2 8 14.43* 3 8 8 8 8 68 Pla Ithaca, June 14 ... . Poughkeepsie, June 24 Henley, Eng., July 10 . Poughkeepsie, June 26 Annapolis, May 30 . . Poughkeepsie, June 23 " 25 " 30 July 2 Newr London, June 23 . Saratoga, July 2 . . . Ithaca, May 30 . . . Poughkeepsie, June 26 Philadelphia, May 30 . Poughkeepsie, June 30 Ithaca, May 30 . . . Poughkeepsie, July 2 Ithaca, May 30 . . Philadelphia, May 30 . Poughkeepsie, June 21 Contestants in Order of Finish 1895 (Freshman) Cornell, Pennsylvania . Columbia, Cornell, Pennsylvania Trinity Hall, Cornell 1896 (Freshman) Cornell, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Columbia Cornell, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Columbia 1897 Cornell, Naval Cadets (Freshman) Yale, Harvard, Cornell Cornell, Yale, Harvard, Columbia (Freshman) Cornell, Pennsylvania Cornell, Columbia, Pennsylvania 1898 (Freshman) Yale, Harvard, Cornell .... '. . . Cornell, Yale, Harvard . . . (Freshman) Cornell, Columbia, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, Cornell, Wisconsin, Columbia .... 1899 (Junior) Cornell, Pennsylvania . (Freshman) Cornell, Columbia, Pennsylvania .... Pennsylvania, Cornell .... Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Cornell, Columbia .... 1900 (Junior) Pennsylvania, Cornell, Columbia (Freshman) Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, CornelI,Columbia Pennsylvania, Columbia, Cornell Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Cornell, Columbia, George- town 1901 (Junior) Cornell, Columbia, Pennsylvania ... (Freshman) Pennsylvania, Cornell, Columbia, Syracuse Cornell, Pennsylvania, Columbia Cornell, Columbia, Wisconsin, Georgetowrn, Syracuse, Pennsylvania 1902 (Junior) Cornell, Syracuse, Harvard (Newell Club) . . (Junior) Pennsylvania, Columbia, Cornell (Freshman) Cornell, Wisconsin, Columbia, Syracuse, Pennsylvania Cornell, Pennsylvania, Columbia Cornell, Wisconsin, Columbia, Pennsylvania, Syracuse, Georgeto-wn 69 Time 11.18? 21.25 7.15 10.18 19.29* Distance Boat 8.17 9.45f 10.31i 19.44 J 2 4 1 mi. 550 yds. 14 2 2 11.15 2 8 9.19i* 2 8 20.34 4 8 9.2 H 2 8 20.474 4 8 11.22! 2 8 23.48 4 8 10.574 2 8 15.51i 3 8 11.26i 2 8 9.55 2 8 11.12 2 4 20.04 4 8 8 4 10.52 2 8 10.20i 2 8 11.39i 2 4 18.53i* 4 8 10.48 2 8 2 8 9.39.i 2 8 10.434 2 4 19.051 4 8 Place Contestants in Order of Finish Time Distance Boat 1903 Ithaca, May 30 (Junior) Cornell, Pennsylvania, Harvard 1 1.14J 2 8 Poughkeepsie, June 26 . . . (Freshman) Cornell, Syracuse, Wisconsin, Columbia, Pennsylvania 9.18* 2 2 " "... Cornell, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Columbia .... 10.34 2 4 " " .... Cornell, Georgetown, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Syra- cuse, Columbia 18.57 4 8 1904 Ithaca, May 28 (Junior) Cornell, Harvard 11.27i 2 8 Poughkeepsie, June 28 .... Cornell, Columbia, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, George- town 10.50:1 2 4 " " . . . . (Freshman) Syracuse, Cornell, Pennsylvania, Columbia 10.01 2 8 " "... Syracuse, Cornell, Pennsylvania, Columbia, George- town, Wisconsin 20.22§ 4 8 1905 Cambridge, May 30 (Varsity) Cornell, Harvard Philadelphia, May 30 (Junior) Cornell, Pennsylvania, Yale Poughkeepsie, June 28 . . . . (Freshman) Cornell, Syracuse, Columbia, Pennsylvania ... Syracuse, Cornell, Pennsylvania, Columbia, Wisconsin " " . . . . Cornell, Syracuse, Georgetown, Columbia, Pennsyl- vania, Wisconsin 20.29 1906 Ithaca, May 30 (Junior) Cornell, Pennsylvania Cambridge, May 30 (Varsity) Cornell, Harvard Poughkeepsie, June 23 .... (Freshman) Syracuse, Cornell, Wisconsin, Columbia, Georgetow^n ... Cornell, Syracuse, Columbia, Pennsylvania " "... Cornell, Pennsylvania, Syracuse, Wisconsin, Columbia, Georgetow^n 19.36 *Record established. i0.09i 2 8 6.34 I^ 8 9.39i 2 8 10.I5P 2 4 11.011 2 8 10.41^ li 8 9.5 U 2 8 10.35! 2 4 70 CORNELL OF THE PRESENT 71 APR 25 1907