Tick **" 
 
 »* 
 
 ^^f^sL/ 
 
 ^V^ 
 
 ■fife-.' *Uf 
 
 <* 
 
LIBRARY OF (CONGRESS. 
 
 tjngljt Ixu- 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
83 
 
 rv 
 
 (foi^refifioiplisn? 
 
 m 
 
 iftlNNESOTA. 
 
 m 
 
Use Youth and Prosperity to prepare for 
 Old Age and Adversity. 
 
 Do you find it difficult to provide necessities for 
 3 r our famil}^ ? Would it be easier for your wife 
 to provide these unaided ? Would two thousand, 
 three thousand, or five thousand dollars cash 
 help your wife to support and educate your 
 children, should your life here cease soon? Would 
 such an amount of money make more comfort- 
 able your own old age, when you can no longer 
 plead, preach, practice, or buy and sell merchan- 
 dise ? 
 
 A small payment yearly will furnish you and yours 
 protection. 
 
 At age 30, from $13.35 to $100.30) 
 At age 40, from $17.80 to $102.14 per $1,000, 
 At age 50, from $28.85 to $106.45 J 
 according to the kind of contract, will secure 
 your family and your creditors such protection. 
 Can you afford to deprive them of their due? 
 
 Edward 0. Fiske, City Agent of the Provident Life 
 and Trust Company, of Philadelphia, Pa., can 
 furnish you (if you are healthy and have a good 
 family record) any form of Life Insurance or 
 Endowment Insurance. 
 
 When you are in Minneapolis call upon him, and 
 thus protect your most sacred interests. 
 
 EDWARD O. FISKE, 
 
 City Agent of The Provident Life and Trust Company, 
 of Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Rooms 600-601 Sykes Block (near the corner of Hennepin Ave. and Third St.) 
 
 office hours:/ =!o8 to ?-so p m Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
CONGREGATIONALISM 
 
 IN 
 
 MIN NESOTA 
 
 1851 = 1891. 
 
 By Archibald Hadden. 
 
 tf v 
 
 C OPYKIG ; 
 
 JAN 18 189? ] / 
 
 minneapolis: ^-" 
 
 The Beard-Hudson Printing Company, 
 10 North Fourth St. 
 1891. 
 
 For additional copies of this pamphlet at 25 cents each, and for the publi- 
 cations of the CONGREGATIONAL, S. S. AND PUBLISHING SOCIETY, 
 as well as for all CHURCH AND SUNDAY SCHOOL SUPPLIES, address 
 CLARK & MCCARTHY, Booksellers and Stationers, 622 Nicollet Avenue, 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
$1^w 
 
 **p 
 
 ''But when every good Christian shall be restored to his right in the 
 church, and not excluded from such place of spiritual government as his 
 Christian abilities and his approved good character in the eye and testi- 
 mony of the church shall prefer him to, this and nothing sooner will 
 open his eyes to a wise and true valuation of himself, * * * Then 
 would the congregation of the Lord soon recover the true likeness and 
 visage of what she is indeed, a holy congregation, a royal priesthood, a 
 saintly communion, the household and city of God."— John Milton, 
 Prose Works. 
 
 "And still their spirit in their sons with freedom walks abroad; 
 
 The Bible is their only creed; their only monarch, God ! 
 
 The hand is raised, the word is spoke, the solemn pledge is given, 
 And boldly on our banner floats, in the free air of heaven. 
 
 The motto of our sainted sires — and loud we'll make it ring; 
 
 A CHURCH WITHOUT A BISHOP, AND A STATE WITHOUT A KING." 
 
 "Our country received its first impulse in the homely meeting houses 
 of Puritanism. Each little band of Pilgrims under its chosen shepherd 
 was a free and independent state. There was assembled the future cau- 
 cus-loving nation. There preached the future patriot and there listened 
 the war-worn army of liberty. In a century, behold the meeting house 
 has swelled into the capitol and the church members have become cit- 
 izens of a stupendous empire." Oliver's Puritan Commonwealth, 
 
 "The Pilgrims brought with them to the New World a form of 
 Christianity which I cannot better describe than by styling it a demo- 
 cratic and republican religion. This contributed powerfully to the 
 establishment of a republic, and democracy in public affairs." 
 
 De Tocqueville, Democracy In America. 
 
 COPYRIGHT 1891, 
 ARCHIBALD HADDEN. 
 
3>ebication* 
 
 Go 
 IRicbaro Iball, Cbarles Seccombe, JEowaro 3Brown f 
 
 Cbarles Sbeoo, 2>a\uo JBurt 
 
 ano tbe 
 
 otber pioneers into wbose labors we bave enterefc 
 
 ano on 
 
 wbose foundation we are builoing, 
 
 tbese pages are oeoicateo. 
 
flntrobuctiorL 
 
 The forty years since the first Congregational Church was planted in 
 "Minnesota have been very eventful. In that period Congregation- 
 alism has discovered its own strength and learned to respect itself. 
 No churches in this country are more thoroughly American in principles, 
 history, sympathies and possibilities. 
 
 Impressed with the thought that Congregationalists in Minnesota, 
 owing to the lack of accessible literature, are unable to appreciate their 
 own history and the value of their own work, the material of this book 
 was collected. The State Association of Congregational Churches, 
 .assembled at Duluth, approved it, voted $100 toward its publica- 
 tion and appointed the following committee to see it through the press 
 and circulated : Reverends A. Hadden, G. R. Merrill, J. H. Morley, J. A. 
 Chamberlain and Mr. C. W. Hackett. It need hardly be added that the 
 object of this publication is not to glorify a sect, but to help one branch 
 of Christ's Church to a clearer consciousness of its part in bringing in 
 the unity of the church and the kingdom of God on earth. 
 
 A. H. 
 
CONGREGATIONALISM IN MINNESOTA. 
 
 I. CONGREGATIONALISM. 
 
 CONGREGATIONALISM is the most simple, broad 
 and democratic form of organized Christianity. 
 Each church is a republic whose members are on perfect equality and 
 control their own affairs. As such it differs from the aristocratic organi- 
 zation of Presbyterianism or monarchical Espicopacy or Romanism. It 
 has three great watch-words : Loyalty, Liberty, Fellowship, — Loyalty 
 to Christ, Liberty for the individual member, Fellowship between the 
 churches. 
 
 Historically this was the first form of organization of 
 the apostolic church; but later on by the end of the first 
 century a ruling class was developing and the Presbyterian methods- 
 appeared, which in turn became Episcopal as centralization went on until 
 at length we find the Papal government fully developed in the fifth and 
 sixth centuries. This power ruled the church for the next thousand years. 
 In the struggle for spiritual, intellectual and political freedom and the- 
 reformation of the church in the sixteenth century, the earlier forms of 
 church government reappeared, Episcopacy in England, Presbyterianism!. 
 on the continent and, towards the end of the century, Congregationalism. 
 in England. But the old world was not ready for democracy in either- 
 church or state, and so this "church without a bishop" was met b\ r per- 
 secution and martyrdom, and fled, first to Holland, and in 1620 to the 
 new world, where it brought, in the Mayflower, not only a free church but 
 a free government and free schools. In the old world it was obliged to> 
 fight for its life. In the new it had opportunity to grow in a congenial 
 soil and atmosphere. In England it has been allied with every move- 
 ment for freedom and such names as John Robinson, Sir Harry Vane, Rich- 
 ard Baxter, Cromwell and John Milton, honor its roll. In America it 
 shaped the organization of the Republic, and gave us our school system. 
 More than an\- other factor, Congregationalism was potent in the making 
 of New England. It has its martyrs, its prophets, its heroic leaders, 
 and its great victories. 
 
 In the vast development of popular government during the past 250 
 years, the tendency towards democracy in church organization has l>een 
 
<3 CONGREGATIONALISM: LOCATION, DOCTRINES. 
 
 very marked. The various species of Baptist churches,, the Friends, the 
 Adventists and the so-called Liberal churches are all organized in this 
 way. Baptists differ from Congregationalists only in their sacramental 
 exclusiveness ; the liberal churches in the failure to hold evangelical doc- 
 trines. It was estimated in 1886 that 53 per cent, of Protestant 
 Christendom was organized on the Congregational principle. 
 
 Congregationalism proper has made its greatest advances 
 Wh Found ^ in En S land > Wales > Scotland, Ireland, Scandinavia, Aus- 
 tralia, the United States and Canada, and wherever the 
 missions of the London Missionary Society or the American Board have 
 been planted — in the Pacific Islands, Japan, China, India, Turkey and 
 Africa. There are now in all the world 15,000 Congregational churches 
 ■with 1,500,000 members, of which 5,000 churches and 522,000 members 
 are in the United States. 
 
 Doctrinally Congregationalism was originally allied to 
 its Creed. the system of Calvin though it has always been 
 roomy enough for men of other schools. In this century 
 its Calvinism has been greatly modified, and now it stands on the broad 
 Toasisof the evangelical doctrines. In 1883 the National Council adopted 
 a. creed which has been largely accepted by the churches, and which while 
 not claiming to be authoritative fairly expresses the doctrinal position of 
 the denomination. This creed confesses the Trinity, God's providence and 
 man's freedom, human sinfulness, God's purpose of Redemption, the 
 authority of the Scriptures, the atonement of Christ, the work of the 
 Holy Spirit, man's regeneration and direct relations to Christ, the 
 churches as free yet in fellowship, the Lord's Day, and the final victory of 
 Christ and the prevalence of righteousness. Congregationalism is tied to 
 no theological system, and while using the historical creeds as conven- 
 ient and valuable statements of truth, it regards them of value only in 
 proportion to their truth. It stands for the broadest and most catholic 
 lorm of evangelical Christianity. 
 
 And now, after 300 years of struggle, growth and 
 its Features, achievement, we find the denomination characterized by 
 
 the following four main features that appear "wherever it 
 is well developed: Evangelical doctrine, missionary zeal, educational 
 ^enthusiasm, and strong desire for Christian union. 
 
 Congregationalism is not anchored to an ancient creed, 
 
 Evangelical, but adhering to the Bible, loyal to Christ and depending 
 
 on the Spirit that gives life and leads into the truth, it 
 
 is neither timidlyconservative nor rashly progressive. It emphasizes an 
 
 intelligent faith. It welcomes every ray of light that breaks from God's 
 
 word and is busy applying Christianity to present problems. Its tradi- 
 
CONGREGATIONALISM : ITS FEATURES. 7 
 
 tions,its unwritten constitution and its strong practical and missionary 
 bent keep it with all its freedom true to the evangelical position. It is 
 evangelical because it is evangelistic. 
 
 A true church of Christ must be apostolic, missionary, 
 Missionary, evangelistic. Its missionary zeal has been the life of Con- 
 gregationalism. In John Eliot the "Apostle to the In- 
 dians" it has the glory of the first Protestant foreign missionary. Except 
 the Moravians, it was the first church in America to reach the heathen 
 
 PILGRIM CHURCH, DULUTH. 
 
 world with the gospel; and in organizing the American Board in 1810, it 
 became the mother of modern missions on this continent. It has 
 produced such evangelists as Jonathan Edwards, Charles G. Finney and 
 
8 CONGREGATIONALISM: ITS FEATURES. 
 
 Dwight L. Moody. It has been most fruitful in inventing new organiza- 
 tions and devising new ways of bringing Christ to men and men to 
 Christ. Among these have been the following which stand today 
 among the great agencies of missionary work at home and abroad : 
 
 The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 1810, 
 
 The American Home Missionary Society, 1826. 
 
 The American Education Society, 1816. The College Society, 1843. 
 Consolidated as the Am. Col. & Ed. Society, 1874. 
 
 The Congregational Board of Publication, 1 854. The Sunday School 
 Society, 1832. Consolidated as the Congregational Sunday 
 School and Publishing Society, 1868. 
 
 The American Missionary Association, 1846. 
 
 The American Congregational Union, 1853. 
 
 The New West Education Commission, 1879. 
 
 Besides these, Congregationalists have had an important part in start- 
 ing and maintaining undenominational oi'ganizations,as the Bible Society ^ 
 the Tract Society, the Young Men's Christian Association, the Sunday 
 School Union; and it was a Congregational pastor who originated ancli 
 "fathered "the Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor. The Con- 
 gregationalists in the United States gave last year over $4.50 per mem- 
 ber for missions. 
 
 As modern Congregationalism began among the intelli- 
 Education. gent middle class of English people, with Cambridge men 
 
 as its leaders and Ley den as one of its first homes, it has 
 naturally raised a high standard of education and taken a deep interest 
 in all educational movements. An intelligent membership is essential to 
 its prosperity. In 1640 it planted Harvard College, and it has been the 
 founder of Yale, Amherst, "Williams, Dartmouth, Bowdoin, Middlebury, 
 Oberlin, Marietta, Olivet, Beloit, Ripon, Illinois, Iowa, Drury, Washburne, 
 Carleton, Yankton, Fargo and many others. It has seven finely equip- 
 ped theological seminaries. It maintains one hundred and twenty 
 schools and colleges in foreign lands, sixty among the Freedmen and 
 thirty-one among the Mormons. No church has a prouder educational 
 record. 
 
 Finally", Congregationalism looks toward Christian 
 Christian TJnion. Its heart is in that and it is built for it. Practically 
 
 in its actual workings it is found to be remarkably adapt- 
 ed to be the meeting-place of Christians of many types and names. The- 
 church which shall gather all Christians into its bosom, must be demo- 
 cratic in organization, strong in intelligence and thought, simple in 
 creed and full of evangelistic force and fire. And such is a Congregation- 
 al Church. Congregationalism has just held in London its first inter- 
 national council. No subject there discussed awakened such interest as 
 that of Christian Union or Federation of the Churches. And this council 
 
MINNESOTA. 9> 
 
 led the way by voting for "a fraternal federation, without authority, of 
 all Christian bodies at such early date as the providence of God will per- 
 mit." In the past forty years there has come the "Renaissance of 
 Congregationalism." It is realizing as never before its place and mission* 
 in the world. 
 
 A Bird's Ej-e 
 
 II. MINNESOTA. 
 
 If from some Pisgah-height one could see Minnesota,, 
 what would the vision be ? A plateau, lying nearly 
 at the center and in the highest part of the continent,, 
 83,000 square miles in extent, dotted with 10,000 lakes and drained into 
 three great river systems, the Red, the St. Lawrence and the Mississippi. 
 Our observer, glancing to the northeast would see vast pine forests, 
 25,000 square miles in extent, mineral lands, with untold wealth of 
 iron, reaching around Lake Superior, and, crowning it all, the seaport city 
 of Duluth with its 40,000 people. Following the three trans-continental 
 lines of railroad, the Northern Pacific, the Great Northern and the Soo^ 
 he would see in the central region 5,000 square miles of hardwood tim- 
 ber, called the "Big Woods," and hundreds of beautiful lakes. To the 
 northwest would be seen the alluvial expanse of the Red River valley,, 
 level as the sea, of matchless fertility, bounding the state for 20O 
 miles. Southward, from west to east, he sees the older settled parts 
 of the state, cultivated prairie, well stocked farms, flourishing towns and 
 cities abounding in comfortable homes, churches, schools, colleges and 
 state institutions. 
 
 • But the eye naturally turns to that point on the eastern central border- 
 to which a score of railroad lines converge, and where the modern 
 miracle of chy-building has taken place, where in twenty years the twin 
 cities, Minneapolis and St. Paul, have grown from provincial towns with* 
 a combined population of not over 40,000 to a great commercial in- 
 dustrial, religious and educational center of at least 350,000 inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 This is Minnesota, peopled by 1,300,000 inhabitants, made acces- 
 sible with 5,000 miles of railroad and the great lakes and rivers,, 
 with its army of 10,000 educators, and its 1,800 churches. Clearly a. 
 great future is before this commonwealth. In the building up of this, 
 state Congregationalism has had a worthy part, and in shaping its 
 future it has a great responsibility. 
 
10 
 
 historical: ixdiax missions. 
 
 III. HISTORICAL, 
 
 Prehistoric. 
 
 In the days when the Indian agent, the soldier and the 
 fur trader wefe the only white people in the region, 
 the American Board had its missionaries at work here 
 among the Dakota or Sioux 
 Indians. No missionary 
 story is more romantic and 
 thrilling than that of the 
 Riggs, the Ponds and the 
 Williamsons, who met the 
 war-like Sioux with the 
 story of divine love by 
 the Falls of St. Anthony 
 and wherever their tepees 
 were pitched in this land 
 of "sky-tinted water." In 
 1835, thirteen years after 
 Fort Snelling was built, 
 and twelve years after the 
 first steamer had sailed 
 up the Mississippi to the 
 fort, these missionaries 
 began their work of mast- 
 ering the Dakota lang- 
 uage, reducing it to writ- 
 ing and preaching in it the 
 everlasting Gospel. The 
 record of their work be- 
 longs to the history of 
 missions among the Ind- 
 ians rather than to that of the State of Minnesota. 
 
 In 1849 the territory of Minnesota was admitted and 
 Its Advent. settlers were appearing along the eastern border. At 
 this time Congregationalists in this country were in- 
 volved in the "plan of union." They had accepted the fallacy that 
 Congregationalism could not flourish west of the Hudson river, and in 
 the interior states they were dallying with Presb\ r terianism, and instead 
 of organizing Congregational churches in New York, Ohio and Illinois 
 were going into the Presbyterian fold. It was a mistake for which they 
 had only themselves to blame. Hence the earliest annals of the denom- 
 ination in the state reveal a confused blending of the two polities, 
 
 FIRST CONG. CHURCH, MINNEAPOLIS. 
 
The 
 First Decade 
 
 historical: the early days. 11 
 
 •which continued for the first ten years. But "the renaissance of Congre- 
 gationalism "was at hand, and already there were clear-headed leaders 
 on the ground who appreciated their heritage and believed in the Con- 
 gregational polity. 
 
 We may date the advent of Congregationalism among 
 The Pioneers, the white people of the state from the coming to Minne- 
 sota of two young men under commission of the American 
 Home Missionary Society, the Rev. Richard S. Hall and the Rev. Charles 
 Seccombe. The former was afterwards, and till 1874, our superintendent of 
 home missions; the latter was the founder of the First Church of St. An- 
 thony, now the First Congregational Church of Minneapolis, and the first 
 to be organized in the state. Both of these pioneer leaders are still living 
 and bearing fruit in an honored old age. Their work and that of others 
 who soon came into the state was of very great value. 
 
 This was the pioneer period when the territory be- 
 came a state, when its 6,000 people became 172,000, 
 *iS50^6o" '" when the population settled along the eastern borders, 
 in the southern part of the state and up the river 
 "valleys, asfarwestasGlencoe,andasfarnorthasSauk Rapids, before rail- 
 roads had reached the state. Then our churches grew from nothing to 
 forty-three, and some of the strongest of them were planted, as Minne- 
 apolis First (St. Anthony) in '51, Excelsior in '53, Winona in '54, Fari- 
 bault, Northfi eld, Lake City, Spring Valley in '56, Austin, Minneapolis 
 Plymouth, Glencoe, Owatonna, Wabasha, Zumbrota in '57, Rochester, 
 St. Paul Plymouth in '58, and others. The "hard times" of '56 and '7, 
 the great revival and the anti-slavery agitation were the events of 
 prominence. We may call this period that of the planting and training 
 of our churches in Minnesota. 
 
 This brings us to the time of darkest shadows and 
 
 ^ he „ brightest lights. The years '61-5 were made tragical bv 
 Second Decade, , e _. ., * 1 , ~ „. , , „ T1 , te 
 
 1860-70. the Civil War and the Indian outbreak. Whenthetroops 
 
 were mustered out in 1865, there were 250,000 people 
 in the state; yet one in every ten, or 25,000 men had served in the 
 Avar. We do not expect to find much church growth in this time. But 
 The next five } r ears were exceedingly prosperous. Immigration -was re- 
 sumed ; new towns sprang up, and every kind of business was rushing — 
 in fact, too much so. B\- 1870 there were over 400,000 people here. The 
 records show a number of important churches started, such as Plainview 
 in '63, St. Cloud in '64, Alexandria, Fairmont, Minneapolis Second (now 
 Park Ave.) and Waseca in '68, Mankato, Glen wood and Hutchinson 
 in '70. 
 
 The most important event for Congregationalism in 
 
 Carieton College, this decade was the founding of Carleton College, by 
 
 the State Association at Faribault in 1866. It was 
 
 literalh' the child of the churches, born in a revival; and its equipment 
 
12 historical: carleton college. 
 
 was the prayers and small gifts made with great selfsacrifice of those 
 pioneers and home missionaries. The preparatory school was opened 
 in 1867; but it was not till 1870-71, after many struggles that the col- 
 lege department was organized and placed in a position to begin its be- 
 neficent work, when Dr. J. W. Strong was made president, and Wm. Carle- 
 ton of Massachusetts gave it $50,000, and it received his name. 
 
 The An epoch of inflated values followed by financial prostra- 
 
 Third Decade, tion, of the grasshopper scourge, of continued immigra- 
 1870-80. tion and of returning prosperity. The population al- 
 most reached 800,000. Railroads were built across the state and church 
 extension followed them ; for the bulk of the immigration was now into 
 the newer parts of the state, west and northwest. In 1874 Rev. L. H_ 
 Cobb, D. D., took charge of the home missionary work and new organ- 
 izations began to multiply. By 1880, 130 churches were enrolled. They 
 are too numerous now to specify, but we see the growth reach north to 
 Duluth, Brainerd and Glyndon, westward to Morris, Montevideo, Or- 
 tonville, Marshall and Worthington. The state is now fairly opened up 
 for settlement ; government lands are becoming scarce, the frontier line- 
 has disappeared and the immigration is flowing over into theDakotas. 
 
 The The great features of this recent period are the increase 
 
 Fourth Decade, and enlargement of our city churches and missions to cor- 
 1880-90. respond with the great growth of the cities, the begin- 
 nings of work among the foreign population, the Scandinavians, Bohe- 
 mians and Germans, and the great development of our Sunday School 
 work. No decade has seen such all-around increase, not less than eighty- 
 churches having been planted. But as the great growth in population 
 has been in the cities there we find the church growth. Winona has two 
 Congregational churches, Duluth with its suburbs has three. In 1880> 
 St. Paul had 41,473 people with one Congregational church, while in 
 1890 it had 133,156 people and eight Congregational churches and 
 ten missions. Minneapolis in 1880 had 46,887 people and four Con- 
 gregational churches. In 1890 it had 164,738 people, sixteen Congrega- 
 tional churches, and twelve missions. During this time there has also de- 
 veloped a flourishing church in Stillwater. Of the twenty-five cities of the 
 state having a population of 2,000 and over, there are Congregational 
 churches in all except Albert Lea, Hastings, Moorhead, Red Wing and St. 
 Peter. W T e need not emphasize the importance of the city work in view 
 of the rapid centralization of population the world over. 
 
 This is a very important phase of the new Congrega- 
 
 The Foreign tionalism that believes in itself and has courage and ener- 
 Work 
 
 gy. In 1881 Dr. L. H. Cobb was called to another po- 
 sition and the Rev. M. W. Montgomery became the superintendent o 
 home missions. He was no sooner fairly at work than he discovered 
 the close connection between our work and the great Evangelical move- 
 
CARLETON COLLEGE. 
 
14 
 
 THE CHURCHES LOCATED. 
 
 ment in Scandinavia, known as the Swedish Mission Friends. In history 
 polity, doctrine and purpose they are essentially Congregationalists. 
 In 1S84 Mr. Montgomery was made superintendent of Scandinavian 
 work in this country and the Rev. J. H. Morley took his place in this 
 state, and is still at the helm. This work among the Scandinavians is 
 one of great promise. There are now eleven Scandinavian Congrega- 
 tional churches in the state. There is a flourishing Bohemian church at 
 Silver Lake, and a mission in St. Paul. Work has also been started 
 among the Germans. 
 
 The No aggressive denominational Sunday school work had 
 
 Sunday School been done previous to this decade. But new life has 
 Work. come into this department resulting in the appoint- 
 
 ment in 1S88 of the Rev. R. P. Herrick as superintendent of state Sun- 
 da}" school work. An assistant is now working with him. Our schools 
 more than doubled their enrollment during this period and they now 
 number 273 schools with 25,645 members. 
 
 IV. THE CHURCHES LOCATED. 
 
 Anoka Conference. 
 
 TURNING to the work now in hand, we shall best 
 grasp the present situation by studying the fol- 
 lowing maps, diagrams and figures. Assuming that the 
 reader knows the general geography of the state and cities, these sketch 
 maps are intended only to locate the churches approximately. 
 
 Conference boundaries are marked with heavy lines and are desig- 
 nated by Roman numerals. In each conference the counties are given 
 and the churches denoted by Arabic numerals. The population is given 
 with each county. 
 
 1 Sandstone (Swedish). 
 
 1 New Brighton. 
 
 2-9 See map of Twin 
 
 Cities. 
 1 Elk River. 
 
 (See Central Conf.) 
 1 "Winthrop. 
 
 1 Afton. 
 
 2 Areola. 
 
 3 Cottage Grove, 
 
 4 Lakeland. 
 
 5 Marine. 
 
 6 Stillwater. Grace. 
 Total Population, 429,448. 
 Churches, 49. 
 
 II Central Conference. 
 
 Benton, 1 East St. Cloud. 
 6,290 2 Sauk Rapids. 
 
 3 " " (Swedish). 
 
 Anoka, 
 
 9,906 
 C arver, 
 
 16,519 
 Chisago, 
 
 10,369 
 
 Hennepin, 
 185,294 
 
 Anoka. 
 
 Ham Lake (Swedish). 
 
 Mc Leod, 
 17,028 
 
 1 North Branch. 
 
 2 Rush City (Swedish). 
 
 3 Sunrise. 
 
 1 Excelsior. 
 
 2 Groveland. 
 
 3 Hopkins, Mizpah. 
 
 4 Long Lake. 
 
 5 Wayzata. 
 
 6-21 See map of Twi 
 Cities. 
 
 1 Brown ton. 
 
 2 Glencoe. 
 
 3 Hutchinson. 
 
 4 Preston Lake. 
 
 5 Stewart. 
 
 Pine, 
 
 4,052 
 Ramsey, 
 
 139,796 
 
 Sherburne, 
 
 5,764 
 Sibley, 
 
 14,832 
 Wash'gton 
 
 25,888 
 
THE CHURCHES LOCATED. 
 
 Douglas, 
 
 1 
 
 Alexandria. 
 
 Waseca, 
 
 1 
 
 Freedom. 
 
 14,596 
 
 2 
 
 Osakis. 
 
 13,232 
 
 2 
 
 Jaynesville. 
 
 Isanti, 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 New Richland. 
 
 7,590 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Waseca. 
 
 Kandiyohi 
 
 
 * 
 
 Watonwan, 
 
 
 13,960 
 
 
 
 7,746 
 
 
 
 Kanabec, 
 
 
 
 Total population, 162,548. 
 
 1,577 
 
 
 
 Churches, '. 
 
 29. 
 
 Meeker, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 15,567 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mille Lacs, 
 
 1 
 
 Princeton. 
 
 IV Minn. Valley Conference 
 
 2,845 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Morrison, 
 
 1 
 
 Green Prairie. 
 
 Big Stone, 
 
 1 
 
 Graceville. 
 
 13,325 
 
 2 
 
 Little Falls. 
 
 5,705 
 
 2 
 
 Ortonville. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Swanville. 
 
 Chippewa, 
 
 1 
 
 Montevideo. 
 
 
 4 
 
 Upsala (Scandinav'n). 
 
 8,548 
 
 
 
 Pope, 
 
 1 
 
 Glenwood. 
 
 Grant, 
 
 
 
 10,025 
 
 2 
 
 Hudson. 
 
 6,868 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Yillard. 
 
 Lac Qui 
 
 
 
 Sherburne, 
 
 1 
 
 Big Lake. 
 
 Parle, 
 
 1 
 
 Dawson. 
 
 5,764 
 
 2 
 
 Cable. 
 
 10,368 
 
 2 
 
 Madison. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Snake River and Becker 
 
 
 3 
 
 Marietta. 
 
 
 
 (Scandinavian) . 
 
 Stevens, 
 
 1 
 
 Hancock. 
 
 
 
 (See Anoka Conf.) 
 
 5,246 
 
 2 
 
 Lake Emily. 
 
 Stearns, 
 
 1 
 
 Paynsville. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Morris. 
 
 34,843 
 
 2 
 
 Sauk Center. 
 
 
 4 
 
 Rendsville. 
 
 
 3 
 
 St. Cloud. 
 
 Swift, 
 
 1 
 
 Appleton. 
 
 Todd, 
 
 1 
 
 Grey Eagle. 
 
 10,137 
 
 2 
 
 Benson. 
 
 12,921 
 
 2 
 
 Hansen. 
 
 Traverse, 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Pillsbury. 
 
 4,510 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 W. Union. 
 
 Wilkin , 
 
 1 
 
 Campbell. 
 
 
 
 (See N. P. Conf.) 
 
 4,343 
 
 2 
 
 Tintah. 
 
 "Wright, 
 
 1 
 
 Clearwater. 
 
 
 
 (See N. P. Conf.) 
 
 24,139 
 
 2 
 
 Hasty. 
 
 Yellow 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Monticello. 
 
 Medicine, 
 
 1 
 
 Granite Falls. 
 
 Total Population, 154,833. 
 
 9,585 
 
 
 
 Churches, 
 
 26. 
 
 Total Population, 65,310. 
 
 III Mankato Conference. 
 
 Churches, 
 
 15. 
 
 Blue Earth 
 
 ,1 
 
 Mankato. 
 
 
 
 
 29,143 
 
 2 
 
 " (Swedish). 
 
 V Northern Pacific Conferenc 
 
 
 3 
 
 Mapleton. 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Mc Pherson. 
 
 Aitkin, 
 
 1 
 
 Aitkin. 
 
 
 5 
 
 South Bend. 
 
 2,458 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 Sterling. 
 
 Becker, 
 
 1 
 
 Audubon. 
 
 Cotton- 
 
 
 
 9,289 
 
 2 
 
 Detroit. 
 
 wood, 
 
 1 
 
 Westbrook. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Lake Park. 
 
 7,353 
 
 
 (Scandinavian) . 
 
 
 4 
 
 Lake View. 
 
 Faribault, 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Osage. 
 
 16,638 
 
 
 
 Beltrami, 
 
 
 
 Freeborn' 
 
 1 
 
 Freeborn. 
 
 312 
 
 
 
 17,952 
 
 2 
 
 Hartland. 
 
 Cass, 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Manchester. 
 
 1,247 
 
 
 
 Jackson, 
 
 
 
 Clay, 
 
 1 
 
 Barnesville. 
 
 8,922 
 
 
 
 11,458 
 
 2 
 
 Georgetown. 
 
 La Sueur, 
 
 1 
 
 Kasota (Scandina- 
 
 
 3 
 
 Glyndon. 
 
 19,044 
 
 
 vian). 
 
 
 4 
 
 Hawley. 
 
 
 
 (See Owatonna Conf.) 
 
 Crow Wing, 1 
 
 Brainerd, 1st. 
 
 Martin, 
 
 1 
 
 Bethany. 
 
 8,800 
 
 2 
 
 2nd. 
 
 9,401 
 
 2 
 
 Center Chain. 
 
 Hubbard, 
 
 1 
 
 Hubbard. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Fairmont. 
 
 1,412 
 
 2 
 
 Park Rapids. 
 
 
 4 
 
 Huntley. 
 
 Itasca, 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Sherburne. 
 
 743 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 Triumph. 
 
 Kittson, 
 
 
 
 Murray, 
 
 
 
 5,370 
 
 
 
 6,690 
 
 
 
 Lake, 
 
 
 
 Nicollet, 
 
 1 
 
 Belgrade. 
 
 1,299 
 
 
 
 13,324 
 
 2 
 
 Goshen. 
 
 Marshall, 
 
 1 
 
 Stephen. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Salem. 
 
 9,103 
 
 
 
 Nobles, 
 
 1 
 
 Ellsworth. 
 
 Norman, 
 
 1 
 
 Ada. 
 
 7,945 
 
 2 
 
 Worthington. 
 
 10,598 
 
 
 
 Pipe Stone 
 
 , 1 
 
 Edgerton. 
 
 Otter Tail, 
 
 , 1 
 
 Dora. 
 
 6,797 
 
 
 
 34,181 
 
 2 
 
 Fergus Falls. 
 
 Rock, 
 
 1 
 
 Ash Creek. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Pelican Rapids. 
 
 5,068 
 
 2 
 
 Martin. 
 
 
 4 
 
 Scambler. 
 
16 
 
 THE CHURCHES LOCATED. 
 
 Tolk, 
 
 1 
 
 Crookston. 
 
 Lyon, 
 
 1 
 
 Custer. 
 
 30,201 
 
 2 
 
 Fertile. 
 
 9,501 
 
 2 
 
 Garvin. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Fosston. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Marshal. 
 
 
 4 
 
 Maple Bay. 
 
 
 4 
 
 Tracy. 
 
 
 5 
 
 Mentor. 
 
 Redwood, 
 
 1 
 
 Lamberton. 
 
 
 6 
 
 Mcintosh. 
 
 9,386 
 
 2 
 
 Walnut Grove. 
 
 •St. Louis, 
 
 1 
 
 Duluth, Pilgrim. 
 
 Renville, 
 
 
 
 4-L 4-80 
 
 2 
 
 New Duluth. 
 
 17,160 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 West Duluth. 
 
 Total Population, 57,494. 
 
 Todd, 
 
 1 
 
 Bertha. 
 
 Churches. 14. 
 
 12,921 
 
 2 
 
 Staples. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (See Central Conf.) 
 
 VIII Winona Conference. 
 
 Wadena, 
 
 1 
 
 Verndale. 
 
 
 
 
 4,048 
 
 2 
 
 Wadena. 
 
 Dakota, 
 
 1 
 
 Douglas. 
 
 Wilkin. 
 
 1 
 
 Breckenridge. 
 
 20,210 
 
 
 
 4,343 
 
 
 (See Minn.Val. Conf.) 
 
 Fillmore, 
 
 1 
 
 Rushford. 
 
 Total Population, 171,999. 
 
 26,338 
 
 
 (See Owatonna Conf.) 
 
 Churches. 34. 
 
 Goodhue, 
 
 1 
 
 Cannon Falls. 
 
 
 
 
 28,783 
 
 2 
 
 Zumbrota. 
 
 
 
 
 Houston, 
 
 
 
 "VI Owatonna Conference. 
 
 14,638 
 Olmstead, 
 
 1 
 
 High Forest. 
 
 
 
 
 19,434 
 
 2 
 
 Rochester. 
 
 Dodge, 
 
 1 
 
 Claremont. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Stewartville. 
 
 10,864 
 
 2 
 
 Dodge Center. 
 
 Wabasha, 
 
 1 
 
 Elgin. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Mantorville. 
 
 16,970 
 
 2 
 
 Lake City. 
 
 3Pillmore, 
 
 1 
 
 Hamilton. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Plainview. 
 
 26,338 
 
 2 
 
 Spring Valley. 
 
 
 4 
 
 Mazeppa. 
 
 
 
 (See Winona Conf.) 
 
 
 5 
 
 Wabasha. 
 
 ILe Sueur, 
 
 1 
 
 Waterville. 
 
 
 6 
 
 Zumbro Falls. 
 
 19,044 
 
 
 (See Mankato Conf.) 
 
 Winona, 
 
 1 
 
 St. Charles. 
 
 Mower, 
 
 1 
 
 Austin. 
 
 33,788 
 
 2 
 
 Saratoga. 
 
 18,018 
 
 2 
 
 Dexter. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Winona 1st. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Grand Meadow. 
 
 
 4 
 
 " 2nd. 
 
 
 4 
 
 Lyle. 
 
 
 5 
 
 Wiscov. 
 
 
 5 
 
 Rose Creek. 
 
 Total Populai 
 
 
 6 
 
 Taopi. 
 
 Churches, : 
 
 18. 
 
 Kice, 
 
 1 
 
 Cannon City. 
 
 
 
 
 23,940 
 
 2 
 
 Faribault. 
 
 Summary of Churcl 
 
 
 3 
 
 Morristown. 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Northfield. 
 
 Anoka, 
 
 49 Churches. 
 
 Steele, 
 
 1 
 
 Medford. 
 
 Central, 
 
 26 
 
 13,232 
 
 2 
 
 Owatonna. 
 
 Mankato 
 
 , 29 \ "■ 
 
 Total 
 
 Population, 92,292. 
 
 Minnesot 
 
 a 
 
 
 Churches 
 
 Valley, 
 
 li3 
 
 
 
 
 Northern 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pacific, 
 
 34 
 
 "VII Western Conference. 
 
 Owatonn 
 Western, 
 
 a, 18 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 Winona, 
 
 18 
 
 Brown, 
 
 1 
 
 New Ulm. 
 
 15,812 
 
 2 
 
 Sleepy Eye. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Springfield. 
 
 Xincoln, 
 
 1 
 
 Aetna. 
 
 5,635 
 
 2 
 
 Lake Benton. 
 
 
 3 
 
 Lake Stay. 
 
 
 4 
 
 Tyler. 
 
 
 5 
 
 Verdi. 
 
 203 
 
 Population, 1,300,017. 
 
 One Congregational church to 6,500 
 people. 
 
 There are 17 counties with a com- 
 bined population of 140,567 in which 
 there is no Congregational church. 
 
 Comparing the Year Books for 1891 of the five leading 
 Congregation- p ro testant denominations of Minnesota, we reach the 
 other Christians following result, as showing their comparative strength 
 at the end of last vear. 
 
 1. Methodists, - - 287 Churches, 
 
 2. Baptists, - - - j. 97 " 
 
 3. Presbyterians, - - 184 " 
 -4. Congregationalists, - 182 " 
 5. Episcopalians, - 132 " 
 
 20,270 Members. 
 
 - 14,073 
 13,028 
 
 - 13,250 
 
 9,047 
 
THE CHURCHES LOCATED. 
 
 17 
 
 DISTRIBUTION OF CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES 
 IN MINNESOTA. 
 
THE CHURCHES ORGANIZED. 19 
 
 111 the United States there is one Congregationalist to less than one 
 Episcopalian, more than two Presbyterians, eight Baptists and nine 
 Methodists. In Minnesota the ratio is somewhat different, viz.; one 
 Congregationalist to three-fourths of an Episcopalian, one Presbyterian, 
 one Baptist and one and one-half Methodists. The data are not at 
 hand for a comparison with the Lutherans. The Roman Catholics claim 
 a constituency of 300,000 in Minnesota, but their method of computa- 
 tion reckons families where we reckon individuals. The Year Book for 
 1890 reports over 10,000 Congregational families. We have over 14, 
 000 church members and 25,645 in our Sunday schools. We may safely 
 say that the Congregational constituency of Minnesota is not less than 
 60,000 On this basis the Roman Catholics outnumber us five to one. 
 As a Congregational state Minnesota ranked last year twelfth, in the 
 Union, in the number of churches, eleventh in church membership, tenth 
 in Sunday school enrollment and fifth in benevolent contributions. 
 
 V. THE CHURCHES ORGANIZED. 
 
 The r~p\0 learn more definitely the features of church work 
 
 JL and organization in the local churches, circulars 
 were sent out to the pastors asking a number of questions. Re- 
 plies were received from eighty-two, which may be taken as thoroughly 
 representative, if not complete. From these it appears : 
 
 1st. That the greater part of our churches are incorporated without 
 an ecclesiastical society. Fifty-four churches are incorporated and 
 twenty-four have ecclesiastical societies. Only three rent pews and two 
 of them are in the larger cities. 
 
 2nd. That the Sunday School work is improving in quality as well 
 as in quantity. Teachers meetings are held in thirty-two churches. 
 Normal work and Inductive Bible study is increasing. 
 
 3rd. That the Christian Endeavor Society has taken a strong hold 
 in our churches and is being extensively utilized. Of the 457 Endeavor 
 Societies in the state, 123 are in Congregational churches. Of the 
 eighty-four replies, seventy-five report Endeavor Societies, and twenty- 
 one have junior societies. To the question, "Are your young people do- 
 ing any work outside of the prayer meeting?" forty-one report, Yes.- 
 Twelve pastors say their societies are doing missionary work. Five are 
 in temperance work, one sustains a cottage prayer meeting, one keeps 
 up a reading room, several have literary societies. To the question, 
 "Have you any criticism on the society?" the answers are almost 
 unanimously "No." The few criticisms are very guarded and do not 
 touch the central work and principle of the societj-. 
 
'20 
 
 THE CHURCHES ORGANIZED. 
 
 4-th. That the women's organizations are indispensible to modern 
 -church work. Twenty churches report woman's Foreign Missionary 
 societies, seventeen have Home Missionary societies and forty -four com- 
 bine their organization for both home and foreign work. The Ladies' 
 Aid Society is ever3 r where, seventy-two being reported. No well regu- 
 lated church can do without it. Fort^^-two children's missionary socie- 
 ties are reported and eighteen young peoples. 
 
 5th. That of the eighty-two churches heard from, seventy-seven con- 
 tributed to the American Board, eighty-two to home missions, sixty-four 
 to the American Missionary Association, sixty-eight to the Congrega- 
 tional Union, fifty-six to the New West Education Commission, forty- 
 six to the College and Education Society and seventy to the Sunday 
 School and Publishing Societ}-, while thirty-five say they give to other 
 objects more or less numerous. 
 
 umif 
 
 GROWTH OF POPULATION OF 
 MINNESOTA. 
 
 <wm 
 
 itso 
 
 6th. That three maintain a local church paper; thirty-nine say the 
 "denominational papers are largely taken in their churches. Fifteen have 
 literary societies, or boy's clubs, or young men's societies. Sixteen have 
 temperance societies. 
 
 7th. Among the special features of the churches we note : Faribault 
 supports a pupil in an A. M. A. school. Medford sustains four Sunday 
 schools. Owatonna maintains a missionary in Japan; Glyndon a student 
 in India. Many churches in the cities have mission schools. Elk River 
 has a branch church. The First Church and Plymouth, Minneapolis, 
 
THE CHURCHES ORGANIZED 21 
 
 and Pilgrim Church, Duluth, have missionaries in foreign lands. Pilgrim 
 Church, Duluth, has a club for young men; a mid-week church night, 
 which is a combination of an evening for church business, social enjoy- 
 ment and the prayer meeting. The First Church, Minneapolis, is espec- 
 ially strong in its social organization and in Bible study. Plymouth, Min- 
 neapolis, is thoroughly organized. The young men have a club; the 
 various branches of women's work are unified through a central organi- 
 zation ; free kindergarten work is maintained in connection with 
 its missions. The church at Wabasha helps support a teacher in Japan. 
 Magazine clubs and paper exchanges are in several churches. Many 
 churches district their parishes and put calling committees over each 
 section. 
 
 GROWTH OF CONGREGATIONAL 
 CHURCHES IN MINNESOTA. 
 
 Note. — The apparent standstill from 
 1880-5 is due to the effort made then 
 to drop some churches, that were 
 not active, most of which are still 
 living. 
 
 16$ 
 
 ISSO 
 
 Conclusion. 
 
 On the whole there is here a live and as a rule well organ- 
 ized body of churches. The organization must depend of 
 course on local needs and the strength of the church. In general, 
 even the weakest church must have a Sunday school and Ladies 1 
 Aid society. The only excuse for not having an Endeavor society is the 
 lack of young people. By no means all the efficient work is in the large 
 cities. Some exceedingly successful service is being done by churches in 
 the smaller towns. Not a multiplicity of intricate tools, but the use that 
 is made of the ordinary ones, proves the workman's skill. Nothing 1 re- 
 veals more the intelligence and consecration of a church than the use it 
 makes of the Sunday school, the Endeavor society, the Ladies' Aid so- 
 ciety and the missionary organizations. The seven benevolent societies 
 stand ready to help the weakest as well as the strongest churches to 
 preach the gospel to every creature, and very many churches contribute 
 to them all. The door of opportunity is open and the pressure of the 
 
THE CHURCHES ORGANIZED: THE CONFERENCES 
 
 The 
 Conferences. 
 
 world's need is very intense on the strong and weak alike. Dare we yet 
 say, we are doing the best we can? 
 
 For purposes of fellowship ■ and mutual helpfulness, the 
 churches are banded together in district conferences and 
 also in a State Association. Of the eight conferences a 
 Few words may be said. At the head of the column and first in wealth, 
 members, gifts and responsibilities, because embracing the "twin 
 cities," is the Anoka conference. It has forty-eight churches and twenty- 
 two missions or Sunday schools. A proposition to divide this body is 
 now before the conference. The two oldest and best trained conferences 
 are the ones lying in the southeastern quarter of the state, and known 
 as the Winona, reaching along the river from the southern state line to 
 Lake City, and the Owatonna reaching from Austin on the south to 
 Northfield on the north. In many respects, the strongest and best de- 
 veloped churches are in these conferences. 
 
 GROWTH OP CONGREGATIONAL 
 CHURCH MEMBERSHIP AND 
 SUNDAY SCHOOL EN- 
 ROLLMENT. 
 
 S ffflO** 
 
 Central conference covers a largi region in the northern central part 
 of the state. It has some of the oldest churches, as Princeton, Clearwater, 
 Sauk Centre and some of the newest, as Pillsbury. It has five self- 
 supporting churches. We have now reached the home missionary fields, 
 which are to be found pre-eminently in this and the four remaining dis- 
 tricts. The Northern Pacific conference reaches from Duluth to Brecken- 
 ridge, embracing the vast, partially developed iron, pine, hardwood and 
 prairie lands and numbering thirty-nine churches of which but five are 
 self-supporting. South of this are the three remaining conferences, the 
 
THE CHURCHES ORGANIZED : OTHER FEATURES. 
 
 23 
 
 Minnesota Valley covering seven counties and numbering fifteen churches, 
 only two of which are self-supporting; the Western with five counties 
 and fourteen churches, but one of which is unaided, and the Mankato 
 at the south-west corner of the state, embracing twelve counties and 
 twenty-three home missionary churches, with six unaided churches. 
 These conferences are the picket line of our force. Nowhere in the state 
 is more needed or better work being done than in these home missionary 
 fields. 
 
 Meeting once a year is the State Association, with a 
 The state j-^ e p Ur p 0se) but larger scope and numbers than the 
 
 district conference. Each church is entitled to represen- 
 tation by its pastor and one delegate, and one additional delegate for 
 •everv fiftv members after the first hundred. 
 
 5ECORD OF BENEVOLENT GIFTS OF CON- 
 
 GREGATIONALISTS OF MINNESOTA 
 
 FOR 40 YEARS. 
 
 topj}& 
 
 nso ^ oo .r 70 jr gb . j~ j^q 
 
 Besides this there are other lines of organization, as the Minnesota 
 -Congregational Club, meeting monthly in Minneapolis or St. Paul. Its 
 •object is, to promote the spiritual, intellectual and social welfare of its 
 members and to help the Congregational churches of Minnesota and 
 the kingdom of Christ at large. The -woman's state Missionary So- 
 cieties, are two in number, the Foreign, auxilliary to the Woman's 
 Board of the Interior, and the Home, lending its aid to the six benevo- 
 lent societies that are working in this country. There are local organ- 
 
24 THE CHURCHES AT WORK. 
 
 izations as the St. Paul Congregational Union, which has done much to> 
 promote the spread of our work in St. Paul, by fostering home mis- 
 sionary churches and mission Sunday schools at favorable points* 
 Several of the newer churches have felt its efficient influence. "Church 
 Work," a local paper, is published in its behalf. The Minnesota Home 
 Missionary Society was organized in 1878. It is auxilliary to the Ameri- 
 can Home Missionary Society. Its office is at 408 Nicollet Avenue,. 
 Minneapolis, where the superintendent may be found. 
 
 This is a distinctive feature of the Congregational polity 
 Church Councils, that is extensively used. The ecclesiastical council has 
 
 no authority except advisory. It meets, does its work 
 and dissolves. But in expressing fellowship, in settling trying cases of 
 church discipline, in ordaining or installing ministers, and in other im- 
 portant matters of church life, it is of very great value, and Minnesota 
 Congregationalists make large use of it. 
 
 VI. THE CHURCHES AT WORK. 
 
 TO THE question, what is now the peculiar mission of Congregation- 
 alism, we have only to say. To be true to its traditions and to con- 
 tinue to be an evangelical, missionary, educating and unity-loving 
 church. And such we believe is true of Congregationalism in Minne- 
 sota today. 
 
 On this point there is not much to be said except to call 
 Evangelical, attention to the fact that we have had no heresy trials 
 and little or no heresy hunting in Minnesota, and that 
 not because of indifference, but because the churches have been better em- 
 ployed. There have been very few defections from the ranks of the 
 ministry. This region has never been a theological storm center. The 
 churches have demanded and have had an intelligent and able ministiw, 
 and in the rapid development of the state the burden of work has been 
 so heavy and so constant as to demand a strong faith and firm grasp of 
 the fundamentals of Christian truth. Without boasting of our ortho- 
 doxy, we are glad to state the fact that our churches are evangelical. 
 Only an intelligent and working faith could have done the work that 
 the denomination has done in the Northwest. The creed referred to on 
 page 6 is the doctrinal basis of the majority of churches organized in 
 the past seven years. But the best proof of faith is its works. Churches 
 do not give their money and their children to missions except as they 
 are loyal to Christ as the Son of God. That our churches are doing 
 this the following paragraphs will show. 
 
THE CHURCHES AT WORK. 25 
 
 The relation of Minnesota Congregationalism to mis- 
 
 issionary. s [ ons may be best understood by considering its relations 
 The American , J , , . J ,,„ , & 
 
 Board. to ^ ne seven benevolent societes. What have they done 
 
 for Minnesota ? And -what has Minnesota done for them? 
 Starting with the oldest and most world-wide society, we find 
 that the American Board began work among the Indians of Minnesota 
 in 1835, and continued it until about ten years ago when it trans- 
 ferred all its Indian work to the American Missionary Association. 
 On the other hand, Minnesota has given twenty-seven of its sons 
 and daughters to the foreign field, as follows: Turkey, Rev. and 
 Mrs. Americus Fuller, Charlotte D. Spencer, Mrs. Martha A. Ball, 
 Susan Hawley Olmstead, Lizzie Emma Kirtland, Newton H. Bell,. 
 Mrs. Emily H. Bell, Daniel M. B. Thorn, M. D., Helen Louise Dewey, 
 John A. Ainslie, Henry K. Wingate; North China, Mrs. Isabella Riggs- 
 Williams; Shansi, Miss D'Etta Hewett; Dakota, John Page Wil- 
 liamson, Thomas L. Riggs, Margaret Louise Irvine; India, Anna 
 Love Millard, Mrs. Abbie Snell Burnell; Japan, Franklin Bassett, 
 Emily Marie Brown, Susan Annette Searle, Nina Stewart; Micro- 
 nesia, Lillie S. Cathcart, Mrs. Mary Goldsbury Channon ; East Central 
 Africa, Mrs. Ida Clary Wilcox; Persia, Hannah M„ Griffith. The con- 
 tributions to the American Board from this state, from the first gift in. 
 1849 of $2.50, to the $10,839.68 given this year, amount in all to 
 $109,707.07, including $5,921.12 in legacies. 
 
 American It may be news to some that Plymouth Church, Minne- 
 
 isiissionary Asso- apolis, began its life in 1857 under the fostering care of 
 this society, and was its ^beneficiary to the amount of 
 $800, which it has repaid many times over. This society was oper- 
 ating here at that time because the American Home (Missionary Society- 
 was then in covenant with the Presbyterians to organize no Congre- 
 gational church where a Presbyterian church already existed. 
 
 Thirty-six Minnesota people have worked or are now working- 
 under this society. In the field today are the following: North Dakota, 
 Lillian Smith, Roanna F. Challis, Fort Berthold. Kentucky, Mr. and 
 Mrs. H.E. Sargent, Mary A. Bye, Williamsburg. Tennesee, Mr. and Mrs.. 
 W. F. Cameron, Crossville ; Mrs. Julia B. Nelson, Jonesboro ; Pres. E. 
 M. Cravath, Fisk University, Nashville. North .Carolina, Ida Wells, 
 Wilmington; Miss C. P. Lewis, Beaufort; Annette Jackson, Blowing- 
 Rock; Walter P. Rogers, Saluda. Alabama, Rev. E. M. Sloan, Nat; 
 Chas. P. Stevens, Mobile; Miss L. S. Downs, Athens. For over twenty 
 years Minnesota has been giving to the A. M. A., the first gift being- 
 $971.86 in 1871; its largest contribution being $3,848.90, in 1886; 
 and its last 3 r ear's offering being $2,336.44. Total for twenty j^ears, 
 $36,214.90. 
 
26 THE CHURCHES AT WORK. 
 
 New West This latest born of the societies that labors to overcome 
 Education Mormonism and Jesuitism by means of Christian educa- 
 
 Commission. tion, and whose field is Utah, New Mexico, Indian Terri- 
 tory and adjacent regions, has employed a number of lady teachers from 
 Minnesota, as Etta F. and Julia A. Hunt, Ellen A. Martin, Lydia Sedgers, 
 Josephine and Bertha Hegman. It has received since 1880 from this 
 state, $15,431.38, including $1,520.63 given this year. 
 
 College As an organization to help struggling colleges and young 
 and Education me n preparing for the ministry, this is doing a large and 
 Society. often unappreciated work. Nineteen students in Minne- 
 sota colleges, and other young men from this state studying in the theo- 
 logical seminaries, thirty in all, were on its list last year. It has given 
 our students, in all, $5,715, and Minnesota has contributed to this 
 work $2, 123.36. 
 
 Sunday School Besides furnishing denominational literature, this organi- 
 and Publishing zation has done some very well planned and executed 
 Society. Sunday School missionary work. It is but little over three 
 years since it began to assist us in Minnesota, and a glance at the dia- 
 gram on page 22 shows the result. It has put into Minnesota about 
 $7,000, and has received from us about $3,000. 
 
 American To help put the roof over churches by gifts and loans to 
 Congregational those that need help, and to assist in building parson- 
 Union, ages, is this society's mission. It began work in Minne- 
 sotain 1855 and '6. It has helped build 122 meeting houses and twenty- 
 seven parsonages at a cost of $87,454.61, of which $8,881 was for par- 
 sonages. In return it has received from our churches $47,500, $7,500 
 being for parsonage building. 
 
 American Home We come finally to what has well been called "the mother 
 Missionary of us all." It is the great agency for home evangeliza- 
 Society. tion. It has had the care of nearly all our churches and 
 is now helping much more than half of them. It is assisting in paying 
 the salaries of 121 ministers. It gave to Minnesota this year $25,672.20. 
 and received $11,609.96 in return. In forty years it has placed in our 
 work $609,413.13 and received in return $116,354.15. These figures 
 are eloquent in declaring the interest that Congregationalists take in 
 Christianizing America. 
 
 We thus see that six of the seven societies have done 
 Summary. work in Minnesota. The totals given and received by 
 Minnesota in forty years are shown in the following 
 diagram. 
 
THE CHURCHES AT WORK. 27 
 
 MINNESOTA'S GIFT TO MISSIONS IN FORTY YEARS. 
 
 " Col. and Ed. Society, $2,613.36. 
 Cong. S. S. and Pub. Society, about $3,000. 
 
 N. W. Ed. Com., $15,431.38. 
 
 A. M. A., $36,214.90. 
 
 A. C. U., $47,500.00. 
 
 A. B. C. F. M., $109,707.07. 
 
 A. H. M. S., $110,354.15 
 
 Total, $324,820.86. 
 
 MINNESOTA'S DEBT TO MISSIONS IN FORTY YEARS. 
 "a. M. A., $800. 
 
 Col. and Ed. Societv, $5,715. 
 
 S. S. and Pub. Society, about $7,000. 
 
 A. C. XL, $87,454.61. 
 
 A. H. M. S., $609,413.13. 
 
 Total, $710,382.74. 
 
 Not less than fifteen men have been called from the pastorate in 
 Minnesota to prominent places in general missionary, reformatory, edu- 
 cational or evangelistic work. 
 
 From these facts and the additional one that over 14,000 persons, 
 equal to our entire present membership, have been received into our 
 chvirches on confession of faith in forty years, show plainly that Minne- 
 sota Congregationalists believe in a missionary gospel. 
 
 With New England people, love for education seems to 
 Education. be inborn, and so they have furnished a host of edu- 
 cators. Minnesota being the newer New England, we 
 find here the traditional educational fervor. Congregationalists in 
 Minnesota, as in New England, are found to be closely identified with 
 the best school work. We find them on school boards, in president's 
 and professor's chairs, in teacher's positions in city and country, and 
 their children are numerous in schools and colleges. They are loyal 
 
28 THE CHURCHES AT WORK. 
 
 friends of the public schools and are keenly alive to am'thing that affects 
 their welfare. But to supplement, stimulate and elevate the public 
 schools they have from the beginning recognized the need of schools for 
 higher education on an independent and Christian foundation. Hence 
 there arose the Christian colleges and academies of New England and 
 the western colleges that Congregationalists have fostered. 
 
 Hence Carleton College, at Northfield, was founded in 
 or i n the earl}' da}^, and its story is an integral part of the 
 
 life of Congregationalism in Minnesota. It has never 
 been a sectarian school; but the Congregationalists founded, it and they 
 have been, and are today its natural constituents. It has now behind it 
 twenty years of college work. Of its about 160 graduates, over forty are 
 doing educational work; at least fifteen are preaching or preparingto; ten 
 are continuing their studies; five graduates and three others, formerly 
 connected with the institution, are in the foreign mission fields. One 
 graduate in the foreign field is entirely supported and another partly 
 supported by contributions of the faculty and students of the college. Over 
 2,500 young people have been in attendance for longer or shorter periods, 
 and it is said that 90 per cent of the students are Christians or become so 
 before leaving the school. In its teaching force, buildings, equipment, 
 students and standards the college has grown with the passing years. 
 It has welcomed the "new education," and adopted the latest improve- 
 ments in methods. With its able teachers, broad and liberal intellectual 
 standard and earnest Christian tone, it is a worthy contribution of 
 Minnesota Congregationalists to the cause of Christian education. It 
 represents the best two features in college work, viz.: love for learning, 
 for purely scientific investigation, seen especially in its school of 
 pure mathematics and astronomy, and a strong practical bent 
 attested bj r its sending forth so many young men and women, enriched 
 and strengthened and inspired with a purpose to be of use to their fellow 
 men. Carleton College still needs the prayers, gifts and patronage of 
 its constituents. They have dealt generously with her in the past, and will , 
 no doubt, in days to come. From Minnesota $228,501.42 has been 
 given to Carleton, of which $89,612.83 came from Northfield. Besides 
 this there are pledges from people in the state not yet due, but bear- 
 ing interest, amounting to $105,000.00, of which, $4,694.08 is from 
 Northfield. 
 
 Theological The time has not yet come for a theological school in 
 Training. Minnesota, and so our students for the ministry attend 
 the eastern seminaries. Naturally the seminary at Chicago attracts 
 the young men from Minnesota. Minnesota funds have helped ma- 
 terially to build up this excellent school of the prophets. The recently 
 organized Scandinavian department, with its five teachers and fifty-six 
 students is closely related to the Scandinavian work in Minnesota 
 which is so full of promise. The Slavic department at Oberlin also touches 
 
30 
 
 THE CHURCHES AT WORK. 
 
 our Bohemian missions. An annual theological institute, held at North- 
 field, is all that is now being done in Minnesota along the line of theo- 
 logical training. 
 
 Academies. * n ^ ne ear b' days an effort was made to found a college 
 
 The Windom at Excelsior, which was relinquished when the school 
 
 institute. was located at Northfield by the state association. 
 
 Afterwards an academy was started at Excelsior but was given up 
 
 for lack of financial support. We now have two academies in the state. 
 
 PROPOSED EXTENSION. PRESENT BUILDING. 
 
 WINDOM INSTITUTE. 
 
 (EDWIN S. JONES HALLj 
 
 At Northfield, that which was formerly the preparatory school, is now 
 organized as an academy with seven instructors and an attendance of 146. 
 Here is done thorough work in fitting students for college ; it is in 
 intimate relations to the college, both being under the same management. 
 In 1885 an academy was founded at Montevideo which has grown into 
 a school of much promise. It has a good brick building, located 
 on a bluff, overlooking a beautiful country. Last year it had five 
 teachers and 130 pupils. Its original name was the Western Minnesota 
 Seminary, but this was lately changed to the Windom Institute, in honor 
 
THE CHURCHES AT WORK. 31 
 
 of the late Hon. William Windom . An effort is now on foot to secure for it 
 an ample endowment, which will enable it to do a much needed work in 
 western Minnesota. Two classes have graduated, and its former stu- 
 dents are now doing college work at Carleton and elsewhere. Its field 
 is a large Scandinavian and American population. 
 
 Christian Since the coming together of divided Christendom has 
 Union. been the dream and hope of earnest Christians, Congre- 
 gationalists have done what they could to hasten its approach. The 
 efforts and plans have moved along several lines. It was once thought 
 that it would be brought about by undenominational agencies — union 
 efforts outside of the churches — and into these went much of Congrega- 
 tional effort and mone}'. It is a notable fact that all but two of our 
 benevolent organizations have the name American, not Congregational, 
 and that they were originally union efforts, but have been left to the 
 Congregationalists by the withdrawal of other co-operating churches 
 within the past thirty years. But the Bible society, the Young Men's 
 Christian Association, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 
 the Sunday School Union and city missions do not do this work, 
 and this method of obtaining Christian union is a failure. The 
 hope then arose that by organizing Union Churches the sects would 
 disappear. In the nature of the case a Union church that gives equal 
 rights to all must be simple and broad in creed and democratic in polity, 
 which is really Congregationalism. Many churches have been so organ- 
 ized and with most happy results. We have a number of such churches 
 in Minnesota, as the churches at Hawley, Elk River, Glyndon and St. 
 Louis Park. Congregationalism is adapted to just this thing, and we 
 expect to see more and more of it. But it does not do away with the 
 evil, and something else must be done. 
 
 The plan now advocated is that of Federation. This asks no branch of 
 the church to commit suicide for the good of the kingdom. It demands 
 respect for each denomination's work and worth. It puts each of the 
 sisterhood of churches on perfect equality. Then it proposes a plan of 
 co-operation. In this federation no evangelical church is to trespass on 
 another's work. No sect is to feel itself indispensible to a community, if 
 that place is already supplied with evangelical churches. Believing that 
 there is enough for all the churches to do without crowding, this plan 
 would remove the evils of over-organized towns and villages, and of 
 bitter feeling between Christians of different churches, and of the pitiful 
 struggle for existence on the part of small churches, by means of mutual 
 concessions, fraternal conferences, arbitration of disputed points by 
 some mutually satisfactory committee. For such a plan as this the 
 Congregationalists of Minnesota stand heart and soul, and have so 
 pledged themselves. In the conferences held in St. Paul and Minneapolis 
 in 1890 by representatives of the leading denominations, steps were taken 
 in this direction, and in our associations of 1S90 and '91 resolutions in 
 
32 THE CHURCHES AT WORK. 
 
 favor of it were adopted and all other steps taken that were possible. 
 We wait now for our sister denominations to do likewise. We are here 
 to stay. We are growing and full of hope and courage. But we are not 
 liere to tear down another's work or to make war on our brethren. Let 
 xis have peace — a peace that is self-respecting, and that is the basis of 
 aggressive Christian work. Our present hope of Christian union is not in 
 submission to hierarchical authority, nor in the consolidation of all 
 churches into one, nor in all uniting on the restoration of some primitive 
 customs and forms, but in such a federation of existing churches as shall 
 put all methods and polities and churches holding to evangelical creeds in 
 practical, friendty working order. Before the union of the American 
 colonies came the federation of the colonies. Is not federation of the 
 American churches the next step ? 
 
 In conclusion, we as Congregationalists, looking back 
 Advance over our rapid but solid development and forward to a 
 
 mighty work in this great state, may well remember two 
 things: First, that our polity is pliable and capable of many uses and 
 adaptations, as the needs for such shall arise. The true ring of Congre- 
 gationalism in individuals, churches, schools, or missionary societies, is 
 discovered by sounding the seven notes: Loyalty, liberty, fellow- 
 ship, evangelical faith, missionary zeal, educational enthusiasm and 
 love for Christian union. Any change not inconsistent with these 
 is allowable. Secondly, Minnesota, in more than one sense the high- 
 land of America, has a great service to render. It is a city set 
 on a hill. It is to be Christianized. There is to be built up here 
 a Christian civilization. Christ is to be glorified by filling 
 churches, schools, homes, business and institutions with His Spirit. 
 A great responsibility in this work rests with Congregationalists. 
 Among the advance steps to be taken as soon as possible are: to push 
 forward evangelistic work in city and ountry, not among a favored 
 middle class, but with the highest and the lowest, Americans, Scandina- 
 vians, Bohemians and Germans, till all have been reached by His power 
 4 'who tasted death for every man;" to continue to increase the gifts to 
 missions, not only to the point of self-support, but as long as the world 
 needs our help; to endow our colleges and academies till they rank with 
 the best in the land in means and facilities ; and to work for a practical 
 federation with other evangelical churches, that our Lord's prayer 
 may be realized : 
 
 "Gbat tbeg mag all be one, as tbou, afatber, art in me, ano H In 
 tbee, tbat tbeg also mag be one In us; tbat tbe worlo mag believe 
 tbat tbou bast sent me." 
 
"OUR HOME PAPER." 
 
 Resolution adopted by the Minnesota General Association, 
 Sept. 17, 1891: 
 
 "The Association recognizes with gratitude the service rendered our com- 
 mon work by the Northwestern Congregationalist; and its able manage- 
 ment, its close touch with the things that are nearest to us, its wisdom of atti- 
 tude toward questions of present importance, commend it to us for a still larger 
 use and increased circulation in the churches." 
 
 The Northwestern Congregationalist, 
 
 PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT 
 
 18 Jlorth Fourth Street, JWinneapolis, JVIinn., 
 
 Represents, to the largest extent and -with the fullest sympathy, all 
 
 the work of the Congregational churches of the 
 
 Northwest. 
 
 Hdbat a few of its frfenbs sap about it: 
 
 •'I prize it next to my Bible." 
 
 "The paper as a whole is a model." 
 
 "Better and better pleased -with it." 
 
 41 Congratulations on its splendid success." 
 
 "We need just such a spicy, fearless journal." 
 
 "It is a continual and gratifying surprise to me." 
 
 " It is doing a work which no other paper can do." 
 
 "I would not do without it if its price was $5.00 a year." 
 
 " Brightly and wisely edited and doing the churches good." 
 
 "Its development has far exceeded even its abundant promise." 
 
 " It has more life in it than any other paper of the kind which conies into 
 my house." 
 
 "I regard it as a most important element in the building up of God's king- 
 dom in the West." 
 
 "It is a first-class religious paper. I would not be without it for any- 
 thing." — Pres. Cyrus Northrop. 
 
 "I know of no better without exception. I wish it could extend its constit- 
 uency throughout all the western churches." 
 
 "It is actually the only religious paper, among the many which I take, 
 which I read through every week." — A Boston Pastor. 
 
 "I enjoy reading the paper very much, and am instructed and refreshed by 
 its weekly visits. The whole tone of it is admirable." — Dr. R. S. Storrs. 
 
 "I heartily endorse the Northwestern, and wish that a copy of it might 
 find its way into every Congregational family in Minnesota." — Supt. J. H. 
 
 AlORLEY. 
 
 "It pleases me greath^, not only because of the local flavor it carries and the 
 detailed news it gives us of our own work and churches, but also because of the 
 strength and timeliness of its contributed articles and its live editorial character. 
 It ought to grow into a large and well-established place in the Northwest." — 
 Dr. Albert Shaw. 
 
 IT SPEAKS FOR ITSELF. 
 
 SAMPLE COPIES SENT EREE TO ANY ADDRESS. 
 
 Subscription price, $1.50 per year. If paid wholly in advance, $1.00 
 per year. In clubs of ten, $1.00 each. 
 
 THE CONGREGATIONAL PUBLISHING CO, 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 
 
Y. M. C. A. BUILDING, MINNEAPOLIS, 
 
 PARK AVE. CONG'L CHURCH, ANDREW PRESB. CHURCH, 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS ACADEMY, COMO AYE. CHURCH, 
 
 LARGE NUMBER OF FINE RESIDENCES- 
 
 CHAS. S. SEDGWICK 
 
 ARCHITECT. 
 
 MANY YEARS' EXPERIENCE IN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. CAREFUL 
 
 PREPARED DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS AND SUPERINTENDENCE. 
 
 Office Room, 19 Collom Block, 
 MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA. 
 
 REFERENCES BY PERMISSION! 
 
 Smith Baker, D. D. Geo. H. Miller, Esq. Rev. Wm. Kincaid. 
 
 D. C. Bell, Invt Co. J. E. Bell, Esq. Geo. R. Lyman, Esq. 
 T. B. Janney, Esq. Wyman Elliott, Esq. 
 
 OLDEST AND LARGEST MANUFACTURERS IN THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 BROWN & HAYWOOD CO., 
 
 Stained 
 Glass Works, 
 
 DEALERS 
 IN 
 
 JPtefo flnb SHinbofo (Jlass, 
 
 124-126-128 Nopth 3d Street, Minneapolis, 
 133 East 5th Street, St. Paul. 
 
 SEND FOE CATALOGUES AND 00L0EED SPECIAL DESIGNS. 
 
J. W. PE$$Y, 
 
 A. 11. RAIEY, 
 
 Electrotyping, 
 
 Stereotyping, 
 
 PHOTO-ENGRAVING, 
 
 DEALER IX 
 
 WflllL 
 
 PflPEH 
 jBrtorations. 
 
 Printers' Supplies, 
 
 
 
 
 Work Nicely and Promptly Done. 
 
 18 fl. Fourth Street, 
 
 SAMPLES MAILED. 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS. 
 
 No. 323 Nicollet Ave. R 4 °r 
 
 ^^Jp^^w^ 
 
 J-iigrp-Glass Photographs, 
 
 fpee-Jland Crayon and fi§|p=^5$i 
 
 au ««S5.S2o""eJ h Water-Color Portraits. 
 
 Studio opposite Lumber Exchange Building. 
 
 BOOK BUYERS 
 
 are invited to call and 
 look over our large stock 
 
 of good books in every department of literature. 
 
 Bibles, Prayer Books. Books for Sunday Schools at 
 
 low rates. 
 
 We are not undersold by anybody. Send for List. 
 
 WILLIAMS' BOOK STORE 
 
 25 4th Street S. 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS. 
 
DAVID P. JONES. WILLIAM O. JONES. 
 
 E. S. Jones & Son, 
 
 Investment © 
 Agents, 
 
 213 Hennepin flVe., 
 
 JVIinneapolis. 
 
 Mortgage Loans in Minneapolis and Vicinity at 
 Current Rates. 
 
 AGENTS FOE SUN FIRE OFFICE OF LONDON. 
 
 REGAN'S BAKERY, 
 
 325 NICOLLET AVENUE, 
 
 is kept clean and caterers to a high class trade. 
 
 THE BEST AND THE BEST ONLY, 
 
 is the only quality of goods we offer our customers. 
 Ask your Grocers for 
 
 REGAN'S 
 
 They will get it for you, if you in- 
 sist on it. Many grocers prefer to 
 sell other bread because they make 
 more on it, but insist on getting 
 Regan's tin-tag bread, and you will 
 
 F% W^ W^ Mk ^^ have something that will please 
 
 your whole family. 
 
WILLIAM JENNINGS, lately connected 
 -with the "Mill Wood Company," can 
 hereafter be found in business at 
 No. 323 Hennepin Avenue, 
 where he would be pleased 
 to see his old cus- 
 tomers and many 
 new ones, 
 and he 
 
 WM. JENNINGS. 
 W. J. SILAS. 
 
 would also 
 call attention to 
 the pure water which 
 the FOUNTAIN SPRING 
 WATER AND JENNINGS 
 COAL CO. is now selling and! 
 which can be delivered to customers 
 dailv at reasonable rates. 
 
 B 
 
 enjamm 
 
 D. P 
 
 rice, 
 
 Send for my 
 Catalogue of 
 Church Plans 
 Free to Ministers; 
 To others the 
 Price is 24 cents. 
 
 Architect, 
 
 Lock Box 1236, 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Benjamin B. Price's Paper Imitation of Stained Glass, 
 
 For Small Churches and Old Churches having plain glass windows. 
 1850 CHURCHES HAVE USED IT. 
 
 Twelve years experience and many testimonials prove it to be ' durable, easily- 
 applied and a perfect substitute for shutters and sunshades. 
 
 Price: — Six cents per Square foot, 
 surface measure of the window. 
 Send for circulars and testi- 
 monials. 
 
 I employ no agents. 
 
 BENJAMIN D. PRICE, 
 
 Lansdowne, 
 
 Del Co., Penna. 
 
/- -«*> 
 
 "llChe Housekeeper" 
 
 "The Ladies' Leading 
 Home Paper." 
 
 In its Literary Department it is Al- 
 ways Entertaining, Pure, Y/holesome, 
 Refining and Elevating. 
 
 As to all affairs pertaining to Dom- 
 estic Economy it is Practical, Thor- 
 oughly Helpful and Instructive . ' 
 
 Sample Copy (also our Hew 24-page 
 Premium List, if desired) will he Sent 
 Free to anyone on application. 
 
 THE HOUSEKEEPER, 
 
 16, 18 and 20 N. 4th St. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 
 
■ • - Ifakeuiood - - 
 
 GR^/MTE and WRBLE \\>ORK§, 
 
 A. M. HIGGINS, Prop. 
 
 Granite and Marble Monuments and Cemetery Memorials. 
 
 GRANITE WORK A SPECIALTY. 
 
 OFFICE AND WORKS: CITY OFFICE! 
 
 3515 HENNEPIN AVENUE, 6I4 NICOLLET AVENUE, 
 
 Near Lakewood Cemetery. With Johnson-Landis Undertaking Co. 
 
 Twenty Years' Experience in the Granite Business. 
 
 ^T- DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES SENT ON APPLICATION. 
 
 wisdom institute! 
 
 FOR BOTH SEXES. 
 
 Located at Montevideo, Chippewa Co., Minnesota. 
 
 ■f OCATION picturesque and healthy. Buildings commodious, comfortable, steam- 
 j^v heated Associations morally and intellectually elevating and stimulating. 
 }£J The Institute furnishes in English branches, ancient and modern languages, 
 
 the sciences, vocal and instrumental music, and art. |It has a normal training 
 department, and teaches book-keeping, stenography and type-writing. It fits for Col- 
 lege, teaching and business life. Tuition and board low. For Catalogues and inform- 
 ation, address 
 
 WINDOM NSTITUTE, Montevideo, Minn. 
 
 Laudes Domini 
 
 for the Sunday School. 
 
 By the author of i( Songs for the Sa?ictuary." 
 
 The great success — already in use in 
 more than a thousand schools. Its music 
 is bright, crisp, and yet dignified. 
 
 In full cloth, strongly bound, printed on the best 
 pap^r from new type; half as large again as most simi- 
 lar books and costing no more. A single sample copy, 
 postpaid, for 35 cents, and money refunded if book is 
 returned. Take no new book without examining this. 
 
 THE CENTURY CO., 
 
 33 E. 17th St. , New York. 
 
 Our zest-pocket book of Lessons and Golden Texts 
 for 'qi-Q2 free 071 reqztest. 
 
 TWIN CITY SCHOOL SUPPLY CO., 
 
 16 South Second Street, 
 
 Minneapolis, Mircrc. 
 
 Globe 
 Furniture Co., 
 
 Kindergarten Material 
 
 A SPECIALTY. 
 
 All Kinds of Educational Publications. 
 
 JNCINNATI BELLfOUNDRY GO 
 
 SUCCESSORS in"blymyer"bells to the 
 "BLYMYER MANUFACTURING CO 
 
 ' y CATALOGUE WITH 2200 TESTIM ONIALS. 
 
 ftM«WHiMWIiM«fli'i'l 
 
 Northville, fflich. 
 
 Church Pews, Pew Ends, Pulpits, Chairs, 
 Communion Tables, Rails, Etc. 
 
 We furnished the Lyndale 
 
 Congregational Church 
 
 of Minneapolis. 
 
 C 
 
 L 
 O 
 
 B 
 E 
 
 F 
 U 
 R 
 N 
 
 a 
 
 T 
 U 
 R 
 
 E 
 
 E SOLICITEO 
 
-THE- 
 
 fllnibFFsftg of (JoranifrrF anil yinanrF, 
 
 (EMBRACING SIX COLLEGES.) 
 
 flos. 619-621 JJicollet flVenue, Minneapolis, jVIinn., 
 
 Has complete equipment, teachers and material appliances for furnishing- 
 
 R THOROUGH BUSINESS EDUCATION 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEW OF OFFICE AND RECEPTION ROOM. 
 
 Branches of Study : 
 
 PENMANSHIP, SPELLING, GRAMMAR, 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING, CORRESPONDENCE, POLITICAL ECONOMY, 
 
 TYPE-WRITING, SHORTHAND, ARITHMETIC, COMMERCIAL LAW. 
 
 CIVIL GOVERNMENT, OFFICE PRACTICE. 
 
 725 Students last year. 136 female pupils. 1 76 learned Stenography. 
 
 22 Teachers. 11 Lecturers. 
 
 The University's strong Advisory Board, excellent location and equipment, and 
 large number of students commend it to the patronage of the public. 
 
 Arrangements can be made for board and room at Eleven Dollars a month. 
 Terms for tuition moderate. Correspondence solicited. 
 
 LAWRENCE C. HAY, 
 
 Principal. 
 
 HOWARD L. RUCKER, 
 
 President* 
 
H. W. HUNT, 
 
 iVLerchant 
 
 first Class TOorft 
 
 at /IDo&erate prices 
 
 bailor, 
 
 jour Patronage Solicited. 
 
 112 East Fourth St., 
 
 ST. PAUL, MINN. 
 DO NOT FAIL TO READ THIS ! 
 
 Saturday ™ Spectator 
 
 <.<. 
 
 of Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 AND 
 
 THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS" 
 
 Both for One Year, for Only $2.00. 
 
 Are you Interested in the City of Minneapolis, Minn. ? If you are vou should 
 read the" SATURDAY EVENING/ SPECTATOR. It is a twelve-page, illu- 
 strated, weekly newspaper, containing all the local news, as well as combining 
 Social, Literary and Business Features. It is now in its thirteenth year. 
 Subscription price, $2.00 per year. 
 
 Are you taking "THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS," monthly, illustrated; 
 "The Busy Man's Magazine," published simultaneously in the United States 
 and Great Britain, which everybody is talking about ? Dr. Albert Shaw, who 
 was for several years the editor of the Minneapolis Tribune, is the editor of the 
 American edition. The subscription price is $2.00 per year, until Jan. 1st, 1892, 
 After that it will be advanced to $2.50. We have made arrangements with the 
 publishers of " The Review of Reviews " whereby we are enabled to make the 
 following very remarkable offer. We will send 
 
 PUBLICATION. 
 
 DATU PUBLICATIONS <fc O f\f\ 
 DvJ I rl ONE YEAR FOR yJ>^m\JKj 
 
 ition is received by us before January 1st, 1892 
 will be $2.50. Address 
 
 SATURDAY EVENING SPECTATOR, Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 if the subscription is received by us before January 1st, 1892. After that 
 date the price will be $2.50. Address 
 
Cfli^LiETOjM COIiLEGE, 
 
 CLASSICAL, LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, 
 
 ECLECTIC AND POST-GRADUATE 
 
 COURSES. 
 
 Special Facilities for Advanced Study in Astron- 
 omy and Pure ]V[ at hematics. 
 
 The Academy. 
 
 Preparatory and Special Courses. 
 
 The School of Music. 
 
 Organ, Piano, Violin and Voice. 
 
 Instruction in Drawing and Painting, and in Type- 
 Writing and Stenography. 
 
 ALL DEPARTMENTS OPEN TO 
 
 BOTH GENTLEMEN AND LADIES. 
 
 21 Instructors. Wide Range of Elective Studies. 
 
 ITS AIM: To provide an education broad and thorough. To 
 secure mental discipline, moral culture and Christian character. 
 Not sectarian, but thoroughly Christian and evangelical. 
 
 Catalogues and circulars containing information as to courses of 
 study, calendar, expenses, etc., sent on request. 
 
 JAMES W. STRONG. President. 
 
The Congregationalist. 
 
 77th Year. 
 
 Albert E. Dunning, D.D., Editor. 
 
 'THE BEST RELIGIOUS NEWSPAPER in 
 
 the world." This is the unsolicited testimony 
 of many of the most prominent ministers and 
 laymen in this country. It aims to chronicle 
 all important religious movements of our time 
 and to show their relation to the social, business 
 and political life of to-day. 
 
 A FAMILY PAPER. By counsel, story, incident, 
 poem, conversation, adapted to all ages and 
 conditions, it seeks to set forth and foster the 
 highest and purest ideal of the home, and to 
 help families to make the ideal actual. 
 
 DENOMINATIONAL PAPER, represent- 
 ing the 4-, 800 Congregational churches in the 
 United States, with an able staff of editors, a 
 thoroughly organized corps of correspondents 
 in this country and a number in other lands. 
 Many of the ablest and most attractive writ- 
 ers contribute to its columns. 
 
 Published Weekly at $3.00 per year, in advance, 
 
 Or 2 years, $5.50; 3 years, $7.50; 5 years, $10.00. 
 
 a um • i o -u • *.• ,, Twelve weeks, 25 cents, or six 
 
 A "Trial Subscription," { , _ ' 
 
 ' | months, $1.00. 
 
 Sample Copies Free. 
 
 175 ,000 COPIES ALMOST UNIVERSALLY USED . 
 
 The Congregationalist Handbook for 1892 again enlarged to 56 pages. It 
 contains, Daily Bible Readings, Prayer Meeting Topics, Sunday School Lessons, 
 Y. P. S. C. E. Topics, Religious Statistics, The Creed and Confession of 1883; 
 Our Seven Societies, (official statements); Historical Land Marks of Congrega- 
 tionalism and other important features, making it an invaluable pocket com- 
 panion for every Christian. Postpaid, 4 cents; 100 copies, $1.25. (First edi- 
 tion of 175,000 ready 1st December, 1891.) 
 
 W. L. GREENE & CO., Proprietors., 
 
 I Somerset St., Boston, Mass. 
 
Sl Hxuxury! 
 
 IBread 
 
 MADE FROM 
 
 pnnehaha Flouts 
 
 TRY IT. 
 
 The Northwestern Consolidated Milling Co. 
 
 MANUPACTUEEKS, 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS, 
 
The Advance. 
 
 OUR DENOMINATIONAL FAMILY PAPER. 
 
 (Twenty-Fifth Year.) 
 
 FORTUNATELY located in the very heart of the com- 
 mercial, social, political and religious activities of 
 i:imes, in the midst of our aggressive practical Christianity, 
 at the 
 
 Recognized Center of Congregationalism. 
 
 The Advance has grown with the passing years, until 
 the influence of these stimulating environments, it is al- 
 xead\ r 
 
 The Largest Paper in Our Denomination 
 and is now increasing in circulation and influence at such 
 a rate that it must inevitably come to be universally rec- 
 ognized as in every respect, 
 
 Our National Representative Journal. 
 
 Sie* PLANS FOR 1892 ARE MORE COMPREHENSIVE THAN EVER. -«s 
 
 REV. B. FA Y MILLS has agreed to furnish The Advance a series 
 of articles on "Victory by Surrender," besides frequent contributions 
 j?i ring personal experiences and interesting incidents in connection with 
 liis revival work. 
 
 REV. F. N. PELOUBET, the great Sunday-school expositor, will 
 continue to furnish lesson notes for at least one half the year. 
 
 PANSY'S new long serial, "John Remington — Martyr," begins 
 November 1st. 
 
 Price for 14 mos. or until January, 1893, $2. Trial offer, 3 mos., 25 cts. 
 
 Advance Publishing Co., 
 
 153 and 155 La Salle St., 
 
 CHICAGO, ILL. 
 
= = THE = = 
 
 University of Minnesota 
 
 Contains the following Colleges and Schools: 
 
 A College of Science, Literature and Arts, 
 
 A College of Mechanic Arts, 
 
 A College of Agriculture, 
 
 A College of Law, 
 
 A College of Medicine and Surgery, 
 
 A College of Homeopathic Medicine & Surgery. 
 
 A College of Dentistry, 
 
 A Department of Veterinary Medicine, 
 
 A Dairy School, 
 
 A School of Practical Mechanics, 
 
 A School of Design, 
 
 A School of Mining and Metallurgy. 
 
 The Scientific Eqviipment is most admirable. Tuition is free to all except in 
 the Professional Schools. Special advantages offered for study of Electricity in 
 the newly equipped department of Electrical Engineering. Send for a Catalogue. 
 
 CYRUS NORTHROP, L. L. D. 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. PRESIDENT. 
 
 ^Che ■ ■ ■ ■ - Ag 
 
 IRorthurestem 
 
 Conservatory 
 
 608y 2 Nicollet JWe., ~ j*~ 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS. OX lYl/ULSlC* 
 
 P IANO, ORGAN, VOICE, VIOLIN, HARMONY. All 
 J. Band and Orchestral Instruments. Complete Musical 
 Education. ELOCUTION, DBLSARTE, MODERN LAN- 
 GUAGES. The only complete Conservatory in the North- 
 west. 500 Pupils last year. The Faculty includes twenty- 
 two of the best teachers in the Northwest. Numerous 
 Free Classes, Lectures, Recitals, etc. 
 
 TUITION LOW. SEND FOR CATALOGUE. 
 
 GLARANCE A. MARSHALL, Director, 
 
NLintieapolis £kcademij« 
 
 FOR BOTH SEXES. 
 
 CPECIAL ATTENTION is given to preparing 
 Students for the University of Minnesota 
 and for College. An able corps of teachers. 
 Buildings and furnishings new. The library 
 contains six hundred volumes. The Academy 
 is not a tutoring school, but an institution 
 aiming to hold in the West a position similar 
 to that enjoyed by the leading academies in the 
 East. The Academy is readily accessible from 
 the west side and from the inter-urban parks. 
 170 students in attendance during the past 
 year. Graduates aire admitted to the Fresh- 
 man class of the University without examination. Students admitted at any 
 time. For catalogue and full information, address 
 
 EUGENE D. HOLMES, M. A., Principal, 
 Harvard. Street, S. E., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 MOTHERS do you wish $1,000 with which to 
 educate your child when it arrives at the age 
 of 12 or 14? 
 
 If so, you can receive that sum by paying a small 
 quarterly premium to THE CHILDREN'S 
 ENDOWMENT SOCIETY, of Minneapolis, 
 Minn. 
 
 For particulars address 
 
 K. F\ FRENCH, Sec'y, 
 
 607-609-6 1 1 Guaranty Loan Building, 
 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 
 
SEND lOc IN STAMPS FOR THREE WEEKS' TRIAL. 
 
 UBLIC OPINIO 
 
 is an attractive weekly publication of 36 pages, and the only one in 
 
 America giving a broad, well classified and 
 
 perfectly unbiased 
 
 DIGEST OF THE CURRENT THOUGHT OF THE WORLD, 
 
 as expressed by the Leading Reviews, Magazines and Newspapers. 
 
 $1000 
 
 spent] a year for 
 periodicals, 
 and 18 hours 
 work a day read- 
 ing them, 
 would not give 
 you what you 
 can get in 
 PUBLIC OPINION 
 for 
 $3 per year 
 and 15 minutes 
 a day. 
 
 IT KEEPS 
 
 THE READER 
 
 THOROUGHE\ 
 
 IN TOUCH 
 
 WITH 
 
 THE THOUGHT 
 
 OF THE DAY 
 
 ON ALL 
 
 SUBJECTS 
 
 OF INTEREST. 
 
 Its corps of editors and translators read carefully all the principal daily papers of the Nation 
 and the magazines, reviews, and prominent weeklies of this country and Europe. From this grea 4 
 mass of contemporaneous matter the most noteworthy articles and opinions upon topics chief!; 
 occupying the public attention in the fields of 
 
 POLITICS, SOCIOLOGY, SCIENCE, FINANCE, LITERATURE, ART, and RELIGION, 
 
 are gathered into PUBLIC OPINION, and so arranged that the reader may catch the trend of pubhc f 
 
 thought with but a slight expenditure of time, and at a cost of a fraction over 5 CENTS A WEEK 
 PUBLIC OPINION is in the tenth volume of its successful existence. It is taken by thousands c 
 
 the most intelligent people. Its circulation is world-wide, and its popularity universal. I 
 
 trality in all things has never been questioned. 
 
 HON. ERASTUS WIMAN, says: "No greater boon could be afforded to a busy man than to hav 
 some process constantly going on for him of winnowing and condensing information and idea 
 regarding public questions. This want it seems to me, PUBLIC OPINION more completely 
 fills than anything I know of. I spend an evening every week over the paper with a profit which 
 I get nowhere else. I gladly give this testimony to its excellence, sagacity and good taste which 
 are shown forth on every page." 
 
 REV. JAS.McCOSH, D.D..LL.D., says: The best 
 journal existing for those who have not 
 money to buy or time to read a great number 
 of newspapers. 
 
 REV. CHAS. F. DEEMS, D. D., says: If I could 
 take but one paper it would be PUBLIC 
 OPINION. If I took a hundred I should still 
 need it. 
 
 MR. F. B. THURBER, OF NEW YORK, says: 
 
 HARPER'S WEEKLY: Whoever wishes to know 
 the movement of public opinion will find it 
 happily summarized in this publication. 
 
 BOSTON TRANSCRIPT says: The large circu- 
 lation of PUBLIC OPINION is one of the 
 the surest signs of a high civilization in the 
 United States. 
 I consider PUBLIC OPINION a necessity to busy 
 men who desire to keep au courant with "the topics of the day. Many persons are so crowded 
 for time in the struggle for existence that they can not do more than digest the cream of passing 
 thought, and PUBLIC OPINION gathers it and presents it with rare patience and discrim- 
 ination." 
 
 TO BE R READER Of PUBLIC OPINION IS TO BE WELL INFORMED. 
 
 SEND 10c. FOB 3 WEEKS' TRIAL SUBSCRIPTION. | 
 
 If you are not already a subscriber to PUBLIC OPINION send 10 cents in stamps for three 
 weeks trial. Yearly subscriptions, $3 per year. Subscription to January 1, '92, free to those wh<* 
 subscribe before that time for one year. 
 
 Mention CONGREGATIONALISM 
 
 IN MINNESOTA. 
 
 THE PUBLIC OPINION CO., Washington, D.C. 
 
The$EVIEW°'KEVlEWS 
 
 "A MAGAZINE FOR BUSY PEOPLE." 
 
 IS A NEW ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE, not two years old 
 (American Edition only six months old) with an international circulation 
 of Over 200,000 Copies. Among the regular departments are: 
 
 "The Progress of the "World," "Current History in Caricature,'' 
 
 "Record of Current Events," "Leading Articles of the Month," 
 
 "Character Sketches," "Magazines Reviewed," Etc. 
 
 All numerously illustrated, and together making the most intelligent, complete 
 and condensed history ever published of the world's progress from month to 
 month. It contains the largest amount of choicest reading at the lowest price. 
 
 HOW IT IS ENDORSED. 
 
 Cyrus Northrop, President University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. — 
 The Review of Reniews is invaluable. More than any other publication it 
 brings the reader into communication with the whole thinking world at once. 
 
 James W. Strong, President Carleton College, Northfield, Minn. — The Re- 
 view of Reviews is so admirable in plan, so complete in its presentation of the 
 world's literary life, and such a necessity in this busy age that one cannot 
 wonder at its instant success, but only that it did not appear at an earlier date. 
 
 Chas. F. Thwing, President Adelbert College, Cleveland, Ohio. — As I read 
 The Review of Reviews, I am impressed with the fullness of the presentation 
 of the world's history. It is a picture of life, and yet it has a life itself, which 
 most pictures do not have. 
 
 Miss Francis Willard. — This magazine has the brightest outlook window 
 in Christendom for busy people who want to see what is going on in the great 
 world. 
 
 Two Dollars a Year. Trial Subscription 7 months for $1.00. After 
 January 1st, $2.50 a Year. 
 
 Desirable Agents wanted in every com- The Review of Reviews, 
 munity. Mention this publication. 13 ASTOR PLACE, NEW YORK. 
 
 JYierchant 
 
 bailor. 
 
 pit\e Jpailorinc 
 
 l^easor\able 
 
 prices. 
 
 at 
 
 40 South Fourth St. 
 
 One door from 
 
 Nicollet Avenue. 
 
 flIMnneapolie, flIMnn, 
 
FlRSPCONGRGATICmL- CM VRCH 
 5t-Joshph/ v \o- 
 
 
 Twenty years constant prac- 
 tice in chtirch architecture 
 as a specialt3'. 
 
 WARREN H.HAYES, Architect, 
 
 254 Hennepin Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Designs for churches from $500 to $150,000. 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS, ST. PAUL 
 AND 
 SAULT STE. MARIE RAILWAY. 
 
 DULUTH, SOUTH SHORE 
 
 AND 
 
 ATLANTIC RAILWAY. 
 
 Soo- South Shore Lines, 
 
 OVER 100 MILES SHORTER THAN ANY OTHER ROUTE. 
 
 SOLID TRAINS TO THROUGH SLEEPERS TO 
 
 MONTREAL BOSTON 
 
 DAILY. DAILY. 
 
 DIRECT LINE TO ALL POINTS IN 
 
 New England, Canadian and Maritime Provinces, 
 Michigan and New York. 
 
 For full information regarding- rates, routes, map folders, etc., apply to 
 
 TICKET offices: 
 
 185 East Third Street, St. Paul; Guaranty Building, Minneapolis; 
 
 426 Spalding House Block, Duluth, or UNION DEPOTS. 
 
IMPROVED SLEEPING CARS on SHORT LINE to CHICAGO. 
 
 WHOLE TRAIN LIGHTED WITH GAS. 
 
 Interior view of Ladies' Toilet Room in the magnificent new Pullman 
 Sleepers now running on the Vestibule Limited Trains between Minneapolis, 
 St. Paul and Chicago, over "The North-Western 
 Line" — Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Ry. 
 Hot and cold water is provided in both Ladies' and 
 Gentlemen's Toilet Rooms, and the Gentlemen's 
 Smoking Room is furnished with movable easy chairs 
 in addition to the customary stationary seat. 
 
 The Vestibule Limited Trains are now lighted with 
 the celebrated Pintsch Gas. This gas gives a soft, 
 steady and brilliant light, and is absolute^ safe and 
 unchangeable under all conditions. It is pronounced 
 by competent judges to be the best system of car light- 
 ~ \ . ■ ■ ^ ing now in use. 
 
 " The North- Western Line " is also the only Pullman 
 Car line from St. Paul and Minneapolis to Duluth, 
 pintsch lamp. Ashland, Sioux City, Omaha and Kansas City. 
 
 Buy your tickets over "The North- Western Line." No extra charge for fast 
 service and superior accomodations. 
 
 For map folder and any information, address 
 
 E. W. WINTER, T. W. TEASDALE, 
 
 General Manager. General Passenger Agent, 
 
 St. Paul. 
 

 H I IVlinneapolis, 
 
 and 148-150 E. Third Street, 
 
 St. Paul. 
 
 SHjoIfshIf anb JBLriflil JlZnsir BfhIfps. 
 
 the World's Best 
 
 Pianos at Lowest Prices, and upon very Easy Terms, if desired. 
 
 STEINWAY, 
 
 MEDJXJM PRICED 
 PIANOS 
 
 of Highest Grade are an es- 
 pecial feature of our business, 
 and we can certainly 
 suit you. 
 
 Chickering. 
 
 'Iters fcPood. 
 Gabler. 
 
 Everett. I 
 
 pg^* We take old pianos as part payment upon New Uprights or 
 Grands. 
 
 Do you realize that Square Pianos are rapidly going out of style and use. 
 It certainly will be to your 
 
 Advantage to Make an Exchange 
 
 before the value of your old square shrinks out of sight. Let us know 
 what you have and we will give you a valuation. 
 
 CALL UPON OR WRITE US FOR PARTICULARS. 
 
*3B?y : 
 
 ..jr'BRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 021 066 409 9 
 
 ja 
 
 *gg*6* 
 
 - 
 
 1m 
 
 
 V .J 
 
 SL'^J 
 
 ■}