Class. rb'lfegJS 
 Book -Gg 
 
 SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT 
 
I 
 
 AN 
 
 ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 THE RADICALS AND DEFINITIONS OF WORDS 
 
 DERIVED FROM THE 
 
 GREEK, LATIN, AND FRENCH LANGUAGES; 
 
 AND ALL THE GENERALLY USED 
 
 TECHNICAL AND POLITE PHRASES, 
 
 ADOPTED FROM 
 
 THE FRENCH AND LATIN. 
 
 DESIGNED CHIEFLY AS A BOOK OF REFERENCE FOR PROFESSIONAL MEN, 
 AND THE CURIOUS IN LITERATURE, IN EXPLAINING WORDS AND 
 PHRASES, THE ORIGIN OF WHICH REQUIRES MUCH HIS- 
 TORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL RESEARCH J 
 
 AND ADAPTED ALSO TO BE USED AS 
 
 AN ACADEMICAL CLASS BOOK: 
 BY WILLIAM GRIMSHAW, 
 
 AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, HISTORY OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, ETC. 
 
 THIRD EDITION, CAREFULLY REVISED AND ENLARGED. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 GRIGG, ELLIOT & CO. 
 
 No. 14, NORTH FOURTH STREET, 
 1848. 
 

 Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1848, by 
 
 WILLIAM GRIMSHAW, 
 
 in the clerk's office of the District Court of the United States for the 
 Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 
 
 STEREOTYPED BY J. FAGAS. 
 PRINTED BY T. K. AND P. G. COLLINS. 
 
 (2) 
 
PKEFACE 
 
 xvx\^v^v\.v 
 
 Few sciences are more worthy of acquirement than Ety- 
 mology. Next to the being endowed by nature with a mind 
 of acute perception, large capacity, and correct judgment, 
 there is no more powerful aid, to philosophical inquiries, than 
 a precise understanding of the language in which knowledge 
 is conveyed. If the terms of scientific instruction be not 
 clearly understood by the pupil, his perceptions will at first 
 be imperfect, and in the end abortive : if not fully compre- 
 hended by the teacher, his manner will betray his ignorance ; 
 and, in place of developing his subject, he will involve it ; 
 instead of delighting, he will fatigue. 
 
 The English language, of the present day, with the ex- 
 ception of adverbial and conjunctive words, is twofold. It 
 consists of a dialect, which has emanated, without any mate- 
 rial change, through the Saxon, from the Gothic or Teutonic ; 
 and of another, derived immediately from the French.- Latin, 
 and Greek. The former is used by the common people, and 
 by children, and, occasionally, in familiar discourse, by the 
 higher classes : the latter, by the learned and polite, the 
 philosopher and historian, the orator and statesman. The 
 first has descended to us from the various northern tribes, 
 who, in the fifth century, drove the Britains into Wales and 
 Cornwall. The second, is of more recent birth. Additions 
 from the French tongue, commenced in the eleventh century, 
 on the accession of Edward the Confessor to the English 
 throne. This prince having been educated in Normandy, 
 where he had contracted many intimacies with the natives, as 
 well as a partiality for their manners, the court of England 
 was soon filled with Normans ; who, being distinguished by 
 the royal favour, and a superior degree of urbanity, rendered 
 not only their language, but their laws and customs, fashion- 
 
 A* (V) 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 able in the kingdom. The French tongue was very generally 
 studied, and was used, in their different writings, by the law- 
 yers. The subjection of the British people, by the Duke of 
 Normandy, almost immediately after the death of Edward, 
 served still more to intermingle the continental language. 
 William endeavoured to abolish the English tongue. He or- 
 dered that the youth should be instructed in French, that the 
 pleadings in the supreme court should be in that language, 
 the laws written in the same, and that no other should be 
 spoken at the royal court. 
 
 Nearly five centuries before, the Latin had been used in 
 England, in the service of the Roman church ; but, as few 
 of the clergy, even in the time of Alfred, (who ascended the 
 throne in 871,) could interpret what they were repeating, the 
 English language could not then have been rendered more 
 copious, by the introduction of Latin words. Its history is 
 involved in much obscurity. Even the additions, which had 
 undoubtedly been made to the colloquial tongue, by the use 
 of the Norman amongst the higher orders, are not easily 
 discovered, or reduced to a certain date. The nobility were 
 unlettered ; their discourse was, therefore, not committed to 
 writing ; the poets composed their rude verses in the homely 
 dialect of the lower classes, and the historians their chroni- 
 cles in Latin. So recently as the beginning of the last 
 century, theological disputations, as well as philosophical 
 inquiries, were frequently written in Latin. The national 
 tongue was not yet sufficiently dignified, nor sufficiently 
 copious, to gratify the pride, or express the ideas, of the 
 learned; nor were the readers", in any country, numerous 
 enough, to repay the expense of translating, and of printing 
 works of that kind in their own tongue. A reciprocal means 
 of communication was therefore adopted, which rendered the 
 original writings of the learned, in one country, intelligible 
 to those in every other. 
 
 Each succeeding year enlarges our verbal store. Every 
 new invention or discovery, every new modification or com- 
 bination, requires a new word. On these occasions, the 
 elementary parts are seldom drawn from the national stock. 
 The scientific terms, adopted by all modern nations, are almost 
 exclusively constructed from the Greek or Latin. These are 
 happily adapted to such a purpose. The elliptical form, re- 
 quired to express multum in parvo, much in a small compass, 
 
PREFACE. Vll 
 
 would be repugnant to the mind, and unpleasant to the ear, 
 if compounded from the native tongue ; because the ellipsis 
 would appear too violent ; a harshness which is avoided by 
 the use of foreign words. 
 
 There is little likelihood (though there is some,) of mis- 
 taking the true signification of our vernacular dialect, — the 
 Anglo-Saxon. That which we have been accustomed to do 
 from our childhood, we will do, almost instinctively, right. 
 Words, in the use of which we have had so early and long 
 continued experience, will be thoroughly understood. Their 
 various powers will be known, without a glossary. But this 
 cannot be said, of the modern portion of our language. Not 
 having been required in youth, it has been neglected ; and 
 we are hurried from the society who speak the other, into a 
 maturer and more refined, whose discourse is, in a great 
 measure, unintelligible to us. 
 
 Many years will elapse, before we are enlightened ; much 
 arduous application will be used, much painful degradation 
 suffered. Even when we conceive that we have dispelled tht 
 obstructing clouds, we are encompassed by a remaining mist, 
 — by an opacity, more dangerous than complete darkness, 
 because more deceitful. Without a previous classical edu- 
 cation, (which is attained by few males, and scarcely by any 
 females,) we are seriously perplexed : we know not which is 
 the literal, which the figurative import of a word ; how far 
 the former may be extended, — within what bounds the latter 
 should be confined. We have derived our knowledge from 
 those who were either not competent, or not willing to instruct ; 
 who have misled us through ignorance, or deceived us through 
 design. We resemble a vessel without a pilot, which is sub- 
 ject to the variable directions of her crew, and, in tracing the 
 windings of the channel, is wrecked upon its banks. 
 
 The best verbal pilot is Etymology. But, except to the 
 classical scholar, this guide has hitherto been wanting. This 
 is the first Etymological Dictionary that has ever appeared, 
 of any language, founded on a minute and regular system of 
 analysis. Each word is here resolved into its original ele- 
 ments. In words composed of a Preposition and a Verb, the 
 appropriate meaning of the former, out of its multifarious 
 significations, has been chosen, to suit its particular applica- 
 tion ; and the latter has been displayed, either in its primitive 
 shape, or the inflection used in its combination. The same 
 
Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 mode has been adopted with regard to foreign Nouns. These 
 generally come to us through their genitive case, whilst the 
 Verbs very frequently reach us in their participial form. 
 
 The present tense of the indicative mood, I consider as the 
 root of Greek and Latin verbs ; to which part, I have there- 
 fore referred, as the fountain head; though, in accordance 
 with academical usage, I have affixed to it the translation of 
 the infinitive. Thus, I write metreo, " to measure," whilst the 
 real meaning is " I measure ;" and facio, " to make," instead 
 of " I make." I have also substituted the Roman letters for 
 the Greek, as the best suited to the simplicity of my design ; 
 enabling the mere English scholar to produce the sound indi- 
 cated by the Greek characters, with sufficient accuracy ; 
 whilst the radicals are, notwithstanding, exhibited in such a 
 form, that a Greek scholar may easily find them in a lexicon. 
 
 The most philosophical treatise on the derivation of Eng- 
 lish words, is the Ertsa U-tsposvta, or Diversions of Purley, by 
 Home Tooke. Had his plan embraced words derived from 
 the learned languages, no occasion had offered for so inferior 
 a philologist, as the author of the present work, to undertake 
 this task. My labour would have been only manual. There 
 would have been required only a judicious selection, and 
 alphabetical arrangement. But he has confined his research- 
 es, with some desultory exceptions, to that portion of the 
 
 lancruao;e which is derived from the Saxon, and other barba- 
 
 . .... 
 
 rous dialects of the north. Several inquiring minds had 
 
 previously explored the remote sources of the English tongue. 
 Junius, in the sixteenth, and Skinner in the seventeenth 
 century, had exercised no small degree of ingenuity, in 
 ascending the intricate windings of the etymological stream : 
 but their various deductions of the same word, excite scep- 
 ticism and perplexity ; and their quaint subtleties, character- 
 istic of the age in which they lived, instead of now promoting 
 admiration, excite contempt. 
 
 The dictionary of Dr. Johnson, is, by many, thought to 
 combine etymology with definition. But this opinion, if the 
 work be rightly examined, will be found erroneous. Except 
 in occasional instances, the foreign words are neither analysed 
 nor translated ; nor is the mode shown, by which the mind 
 has compounded, or deduced them. A mere English scholar, 
 therefore, never acquires more than the exchange of one sound 
 for another ; but not always so much : for, as the Greek letters 
 
PREFACE. IX 
 
 cannot be pronounced by him, they afford no intelligence, 
 more lucid, than would be experienced by a Greek scholar, 
 when staring, with stupid vacuity, at Arabic. He is informed, 
 that cession is derived from cedo, accede, from accedo, geo- 
 metry, from yscofjLslpva ; information that confers no benefit, 
 on the learned, or on the unlearned. The latter has not, by 
 this exhibition, received a single new idea ; the former, none, 
 of which he was not possessed before. 
 
 The derivations have, in many instances, not been attempt- 
 ed by Dr. Johnson ; and the haste in which his voluminous 
 work was compiled, has prevented a uniformity of system. 
 
 A considerable number of phrases, wholly French or Latin, 
 are now interspersed throughout our language. They have 
 not been admitted into any English dictionary ; yet, it is not 
 less essential to know their meaning, than the signification of 
 words that we have fully naturalized. These have not been 
 excluded from the present work. There is no essay of the 
 scientific, nor interchange of sentiment amongst the polite, 
 that does not require them. Every newspaper exhibits them : 
 the lawyer employs them to elucidate his argument, the sen- 
 ator to adorn his oration, and the ambassador to unfold, in 
 technical phraseology, the intention of his government. 
 
 Much more might be adduced on this subject. But the 
 author refers, for practical illustration, to the work itself. A 
 liberal critic will make due allowance, on account of its pe- 
 culiar difficulty, — as well from its novelty, as its intricacy ; 
 and, if he discerns, upon examination of the whole, that the 
 author, notwithstanding some injudicious examples, possesses 
 abilities competent to the design, he will pronounce a favour- 
 able verdict, and expect that the errors left uncorrected in the 
 present, will be corrected in a future edition. 
 
 Philadelphia, July 31s£, 1848. 
 
ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 F. French. L. Latin. G. Greek. — v. verb, s. substantive, 
 adj. adjective, prep, preposition, part, participle.— p. part, a 
 passive participle, sup. supine.— pos. positive, compar. com- 
 parative, superl. superlative. — comp. compounded. — nom. 
 nominative, gen. genitive, dat. dative, accus. accusative, abl. 
 ablative.— dim. diminutive, incep. or incept, inceptive. 
 
 (10) 
 
ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. 
 
 ABA— ABJ 
 
 ABA'SE. v. To lower one's-self in rank ; to perform an act of self- 
 humiliation. F. abaisser ; comp. of a, to, and bas, low. L. ad, to, 
 
 and basis, the lower part or base of a pillar. 
 ABA'TE. v. To beat down ; to pull down ; to lessen ; to diminish ; to 
 
 quash. F. abattre ; L. a, from, and batuo, to beat. 
 AB'BOT. s. The chief of a convent or fellowship of canons. From 
 
 the Syriac word, abba, father, used also in the Greek language.. 
 ABBREVIATE, v. To shorten. L. abbrevio ; ab, from, and brevis, 
 
 short. 
 AB'DICATE. v. To relinquish ; to abandon ; to resign. L. abdico ; 
 
 ab, from, and dico, to declare. 
 AB'DITORY. s. A hiding place. L. abdo, to hide ; ab, from, and do, 
 
 to give. 
 ABDOMEN, s. The lower cavity of the body. L. abdomen ; from 
 
 abdo, to hide. 
 ABDU'CE. v. To draw away. L. abduco; comp. of ab, from, and duco, 
 
 to lead, or draw. 
 ABDU'CENT. adj. A term applied to those muscles which serve to 
 
 open or pull back certain parts of the body. L. abducens, part, of 
 
 abduco. Sse ABDUCE. 
 ABDUCTION, s. The act of drawing or carrying away; a particular 
 
 form of argument. L. abductio. See ABDUCE. 
 ABER'RANCE. s. Deviation. L. aberrans, part, of aberro; comp. of 
 
 ab, from, and erro, to wander. 
 ABERRA'TION. s. Act of deviating. L. aberratio. See ABER- 
 RANCE. 
 ABHOR', v. To detest ; to hate with acrimony. L. abhorreo ; comp. of 
 
 ab, from, and horreo, to tremble. 
 ABILTTY. s. Power ; mental efficiency. F. habilete ; L. habilitas . 
 
 from habeo, to have. 
 AB INITIO. From the beginning. L. ab, from, initio, abl. of ini. 
 
 tium, a beginning. 
 AB'JECT. adj. Worthless; mean; groveling. L. abjectus, p. part, of 
 
 abjicio, to cast out ; ab, from, and jacio, to throw. 
 ABJU'RE. v. To swear not to do, or not to have. L. abjuro ; comp. 
 
 of ab % from, and juro, to swear. 
 
 11 
 
ABL— ABS 
 
 ABLAC'TATE. v. To wean from the breast. L. ablacto; a6, from 
 
 lac, milk. 
 ABLAQUEA'TION. s. A laying bare of the roots of trees, in order 
 
 to expose them to the air and water — a practice amongst gardeners. 
 
 L. ablaqueatio ; ab, from, and laquear, a roof or covering. 
 AB'LATIVE. adj. Relating to that case in grammar, which, amongst 
 
 other significations, includes that from which something is taken. 
 
 L. ablativus ; from ablalus, p. part, oi'aufero, to take away. 
 ABLE. adj. Having ability. See ABILITY. 
 ABLU'TION. s. The act of cleansing. L. ablutio ; ab, from, and lau- 
 
 tus, part, of lavo, to wash. 
 ABOLISH, v. To make void; to annul; to abrogate. L. aboleo : ab, 
 
 from, and oleo, to grow. 
 ABOM'INATE. v. To hold in religious abhorrence ; to detest, in the 
 
 highest possible degree. L. abominor ; comp. of ab, from or against, 
 
 and ominor, to wish ill luck : omen, a presageful sign. 
 ABORIGINES, s. The earliest known inhabitants of a country. L. 
 
 aborigines ; comp. of ab, from, and origo, the beginning. 
 ABOR'TION. s. Premature birth ; produce of a premature birth ; 
 
 failure of design. L. abortio ; from aborto, to miscarry ; ab, from, 
 
 and ortus, part, of orior, to rise, or come suddenly. 
 ABOR'TIVE. adj. In the manner of an abortion. L. abortivus. See 
 
 ABORTION. 
 ABOUND', v. To have or possess in great quantity. L. abundo : ab, 
 
 from, and undo, to rise in surges, to spread : unda, a wave. 
 ABRA'DE. s. To rub off, or gradually wear away from the other 
 
 parts. L. abrado ; ab, from, and rado, to scrape. 
 ABRASION, s. Act of rubbing off, or of gradually wearing away 
 
 from the other parts. L. abrasio ; abrasus, p. part, of abrado. See 
 
 ABRADE. 
 AB'ROGATE. v. To repeal. L.abrogo; comp. ofab, from, and rogo, 
 
 to ask, or entreat. In Rome, no law was repealed, without asking 
 
 the consent of the people. 
 ABRUPT, adj. Broken ; craggy ; sudden ; unexpected. L. abruptus, 
 
 p. part, ofabrumpo : ab, from, and rumpo, to break. 
 AB'SCESS. s. A morbid cavity. L. abscessus ; comp. ofa&, from, and 
 
 cessus, p. part, of cedo, to retire. 
 ABSCIND', v. To cut off. L. abscindo : ab, from, and scindo, to cut. 
 ABSCIS'SION. s. The act of cutting off. L. abscissio ; from abscissus, 
 
 p. part, of abscindo. See ABSCIND. 
 ABSCOND', v. To hide ; to depart secretly. L. abscondo ; comp. of 
 
 abs, from, and condo, to hide. 
 AB'SENT. adj. Not present; inattentive. L. absens, part, ofabsum ; 
 
 ab, from, and sum, I am. 
 AB'SOLUTE. adj. Literally, in a general sense, free, independent 
 
 of anything extraneous ; hence, unconditional ; complete; not rela- 
 tive ; not limited. L. absolutvs, (p. part, of absolvo,) perfect, accom- 
 plished. See ABSOLVE. 
 ABSOLUTION, s. Acquittal ; remission of sins. L. absolutio ; from 
 
 absolutus, p. part, of absolvo. See ABSOLVE. 
 ABSOLVE', v. To free, or acquit. L. absolvo ; comp. of ab, from, and 
 
 solvo, to loosen. 
 
 12 
 
ABS— ACC 
 
 ABSO'NANT. adj. Not to the purpose; inconsistent. L. absonam ; 
 
 part, ofabsono; ab, from, and sono, to sound. 
 ABSORB', v. To draw in. L. absorbeo ; ab, from, and sorbeo, to 
 
 suck. 
 ABSTAIN', v. To forbear. L. abstineo ; ab, from, and teneo, to hold. 
 ABSTE'MIOUS. adj. Temperate in diet, &c. L. abstemius. See 
 
 ABSTAIN. 
 ABSTERGENT, adj. Cleansing. L. abstergens, part, of abstergeo, 
 
 to wipe clean. 
 AB'STINENCE. s. Act of abstaining. L. See ABSTAIN. 
 ABSTRACT', v. To take from ; to separate. L. abstractum, sup. of 
 
 abstraho ; abs, from, and traho, to draw. 
 ABSTRU'SE. adj. Hidden ; difficult. L. abstrusus, part, ofabstrudo, 
 
 to conceal ; abs, from, and trudo, to thrust. 
 ABSURD', adj. Contrary to reason. L. absurdus : abs, from, and 
 
 surdus, deaf, hearing to no purpose. 
 ABUN'DANT. adj. Plentiful ; exuberant. L. abundans, part, of 
 
 abundo ; comp. of ab, from, and undo, to flow. 
 ABU'SE. s. The act of using improperly; rude reproach. L. ab, from, 
 
 and usus, the custom, or practice. 
 ABYSS', s. A depth without bottom ; a prodigious gulf. L. abyssus ; 
 
 G. abussos ; a, without, and bassos, a bottom. 
 ACAD'EMY. s. A place where sciences are taught. Academus, of 
 
 Athens, whose house was converted into a school. 
 ACCE'DE. v. To agree to. L. accedo ; from ad, to, and cedo, to 
 
 yield, or go. 
 ACCELERATE, v. To hasten. L. accelero ; from ad, to, and celero, 
 
 to give speed. 
 ACCENT, s. Manner of speaking or pronouncing ; sound given to a 
 
 particular syllable ; mark of that sound. F. accent, a tune, or note ; 
 
 L. ad, to, and cantum, sup. of cano, to sing. 
 ACCEPT', v. To receive willingly; to admit with approbation. L. 
 
 acceptum, sup. of accipio ; ad, to, and capio, to take. 
 ACCESS, s. Means or liberty of approaching; increase. L. accessus f 
 
 from ad, to, and cessum, (sup. of cedo) to give way. 
 ACCESSARY, or ACCESSORY, s. One who, not being a chief 
 
 agent in an act, connives at, or contributes to it. L. From the same 
 
 roots as access; because aiding in gaining access. 
 ACCIDENT, s. The property or quality of any being, which may 
 
 be separated from it, at least in thought; casualty, chance. L. cc 
 
 cidens, part of accido ; from ad, towards, and cado, to fall. 
 ACCIP'IENT. s. A receiver. L. accipiens, part, of accipio ; to take, 
 
 or receive ; ad, to, and capio, to take. 
 ACCI'TE. v. To call; to summon. L. accitum, sup. of actio ; ad, to, 
 
 and cieo, to move. 
 ACCLAMA'TION. s. Shouts of applause. L. acclamatio ; from ad, 
 
 to, and clamo, to call loudly. 
 ACCLIMATE, v. To habituate to a new climate. L. ad, to, and 
 
 CLIMATE. 
 ACCLIVITY, s. Steepness, reckoned upwards. L. acclivitas ; from 
 
 ad, to, and clivus, a slope. 
 
 B 13 
 
ACC— ACH 
 
 ACCOLADE, s. A ceremony, formerly used in conferring knight- 
 
 hood ; but whether an embrace or a blow, seems not to be settled. 
 
 L. ad, to, and collum, the neck. 
 ACCOMMODATE, v. To render a convenience ; to make suitable ; 
 
 to compromise. L. accommodo ; ad, to, and commodo, to lend. 
 ACCOMTANY. v. To go with, as a companion; to escort. See 
 
 COMPANY. 
 ACCOMTLICE. s. A partner in crime. F. complice; L.. complex ; 
 
 con, together, and plico, to fold. 
 ACCOMTLISH. v. To complete ; to execute fully. F. accomplir ; 
 
 L. compleo ; con, with, and pleo, to fill. 
 ACCORD', v. To agree. F. accorder ; L. ad, to, and chorda, the 
 
 string of a harp. 
 ACCOST', v. To speak to. F. accoster ; from a, to, and cote, (for- 
 merly coste) the side ; meaning, to approach. 
 ACCOUCHEUR', s. A surgeon who attends a female during her con- 
 finement. F. from the L. accumho, to lie down. 
 ACCOUNT', s. A computation ; a narrative. F. accompt ; L. con, 
 
 together, and puto, to adjust. 
 ACCOU'TRE. v. To equip. F. accoutrer, to dress. 
 ACCRED'IT. v. To authorize by a written commission. L. accredo ; 
 
 from ad, to, and credo, to trust. 
 ACCRE'TION. s. Act of growing to another thing, so as to increase 
 
 it. L. accretio : accretum, sup. of accresco ; ad, to, and cresco, to 
 
 grow. 
 ACCRE'TIVE. adj. Increasing by growth. See ACCRETION. 
 ACCRU'E. v. Literally, to grow to ; hence, to arise, proceed, or come. 
 
 F. accroitre ; L. accresco; ad, to, and cresco, to grow. 
 ACCU'MULATE. v. To put one heap upon another ; to heap together. 
 
 L. accumulo ; from ad, to, and cumulus, a heap. 
 ACCURATE, adj. Exact ; very correct. L. accuratus ; from ad, to, 
 
 and cura, care. 
 ACCU'SATIVE. adj. Relating to that case in grammar, upon which 
 
 the action of the verb or preposition terminates. L. accusativus. 
 
 See ACCUSE. 
 ACCU'SE. v. To charge with a crime. L. accuso; from causa, a 
 
 cause, or trial. 
 ACE. s. One. L. acus, a small point ; or G. heis, one. 
 ACER'BITY. s. Sourness ; severity. L. acerbitas ; from acer, sharp, 
 
 or painful ; acer is from acus, a sharp point. 
 ACETOM'ETER. s. An instrument for measuring the strength of 
 
 vinegar. L. acetum, vinegar, and G. metron, measure. 
 ACE'TOUS. adj. Sour. L. acetum, vinegar. See ACID. 
 ACHE. s. Pain. G. aclws, pain. This word may be derived also 
 
 from the, Saxon. 
 ACHIEVE', v. To perform ; to accomplish. F. achever : from chef, 
 
 the head or end. 
 ACHROMATIC, adj. Destitute of colour. An achromatic telescope 
 
 is formed of a combination of lenses, which separate the variously 
 
 coloured rays of light to equal angles of divergence, at different 
 
 angles of refraction of the mean ray. G. a, without, and chroma, 
 
 colour. 
 
 14 
 
ACI— ADA 
 
 A'CID. s. A sour substance. L. acidus. G. akidos, gen. of akis, a 
 
 sharp edge, or point. 
 ACID'IFY. v. To convert into or become an acid. Acid, and L.Jio, 
 
 to be made. 
 ACIDIM'ETER. s. An instrument for ascertaining the strength of 
 
 acids. Acid, and G. ?netron, measure. 
 ACIDULATE, v. To make sour. L. From the same root as acid, 
 
 with the addition of latus, brought ; that is, brought to a state of 
 
 acidity. 
 ACME. s. The height, especially of a disease. G. akme, the point, 
 
 or edge. 
 ACOUS'TICS. s. The doctrine of sounds. G.akoustica; from akouo, 
 
 to hear. 
 ACQUIESCE', v. To be satisfied with, either really or apparently. 
 
 L. acquiesco ; from ad, concerning, and quiesco, to become quiet. 
 ACQUTRE. v. To gain ; to obtain. L. acquiro ; comp. of ab, from, 
 
 and quaro, to seek. 
 ACQUISI'TION. s. Act of acquiring ; thing acquired. L. acquisitio : 
 
 acquisitus, p. part, of acquiro. See ACQUIRE. 
 ACQUIT', v. To declare innocent. F. acquitter ; L. a d, to, and quie- 
 tus, p. part, of quiesco, to rest, or be quiet. 
 ACRID, adj. Of" a hot, biting taste ; bitter. L. acer, sharp. See 
 
 ACID. 
 ACRIMONIOUS, adj. Bitter ; severe. L. acrimonia, sharpness ; from 
 
 acer, sharp. 
 ACROMAT'ICAL. adj. Belonging to profound learning ; doctrines 
 
 anciently taught by private communication, and delivered viva voce. 
 
 Epoptic, of the same import, is a metaphorical term, borrowed from 
 
 the Eleusinian Mysteries ; in which, those who were admitted to see 
 
 their unhallowed rites, were denominated " EpoptcBy Under this 
 
 head, A. Gellius classes physics, metaphysics, and dialectics. G. 
 
 akromatikos : akros, highest, and mateuo, to seek. 
 ACROS'TIC. s. A poem, of which the first letter of every line being 
 
 taken, a particular name is found. G. akros, uttermost, and stichos, 
 
 a verse. 
 ACT. s. Something done; agency ; a certain part of a play. L. actus ; 
 
 from ago, to do. 
 ACTUAL, adj. Real. F. actuel. See ACT. 
 ACU'MEN. s. Acuteness of mental perception. L. acumen; from 
 
 acus, a needle, or sharp point. 
 ACUMINATED, adj. Sharpened to a point. L. acuminalus. See 
 
 ACUMEN. 
 ACUPUNCTURE, s. Amongst the Chinese, a surgical operation, 
 
 performed by pricking the part affected with a needle, as in head- 
 aches and lethargies. L. acus, a needle, and punctura, or punctus, 
 
 a pricking. 
 ACU'TE. adj. Ending in a point; of a penetrating mind. L. acutus ; 
 
 from acus. See ACUMEN. 
 ADAMAN'TINE. adj. Made of adamant; of impenetrable hardness, 
 
 and great durability. L. adamantinus : adamantis, gen. of adamas, 
 
 a diamond. G. adamas : a, not, and damao, to subdue. 
 ADAPT', v. To fit ; to suit. L. adapto ; from ad, to, and apfo, to fit. 
 
 15 
 
ADD— ADM 
 
 ADD. v. To join ; to perform addition. L. addo ; from ad, to, and 
 
 do, to give. 
 ADDENDA. Things to be added. L. addendvs, p. part of addo, to add. 
 ADDICT', v. To devote ; commonly taken in a bad sense. L. addic- 
 tion, sup. of addico : from ad, to, and dico, to say, or dedicate. 
 ADDRESS', s. Dexterity; petition; courtship; manner of addressing 
 
 another. F. addresse: L. ad, to, and directus, p. part, of dirigo : 
 
 from di, signifying separation, and rego, to rule, or guide. 
 ADDUCE, v. To offer in argument. L. adduco ; from ad, to, and 
 
 duco, to bring. 
 ADDU'CENT. adj. A term applied to those muscles which draw to- 
 gether the parts of the body. L. adducens, part, of adduco : ad, to, 
 
 and duco, to draw. 
 ADEMP'TION. s. Taking away; privation. L. ademptio ; a, from, 
 
 and demptus, p. part, of demo, to take away. 
 ADEPT', s. One completely skilled in a particular art. L. adeptus, 
 
 part, of adipiscor, to obtain. 
 ADEQUATE, adj. Equal to: proportionate. L. adequatus ; from 
 
 ad, for, and quilum, sup. of queo, to be able. 
 ADME'RE. v. To stick ; to continue firmly fixed. L. adhareo ; from 
 
 ad, to, and hccreo, to stick. 
 ADHE'SION. s. Act of adhering. Adhesion is used in the natural, 
 
 and Adherence in the figurative, sense. D. adhcesio ; from adhasus, 
 
 part, ofadhareo. See ADHERE. 
 ADIEU', int. Farewell. F. a Dieu, to God; that is, "I commend 
 
 you to God." 
 AD INFINITUM. Without end. L. ad, to, infinitum, accus. of in- 
 
 Jinitus, endless. 
 ADJACENT, adj. Lying near; neighbouring. L. adjacens ; from 
 
 ad, to, and jacens, part, ofjaceo, to lie. 
 ADJECT', v. To place to. L. adjectum, sup. of adjicio ; from ad, to, 
 
 and jacio, to throw. 
 ADJECTIVE, s. A word qualifying a noun. L. adjectivum; from ad, 
 
 to, and jactus, p. part, of jacio, to throw. 
 ADJOIN', v. To join to ; to be contiguous to. F. adjoindre : L. ad, 
 
 to, and jungo, to join. 
 ADJOURN', v. To put off to another day, or to another time of the 
 
 same day. F. adjourner ; from a, to, and jour, a day. 
 ADJUDICATION, s. The act of judging, or of granting something 
 
 by a judicial sentence. L. adjudicatio ; adjudico, to give sentence: 
 
 judex, a judge. 
 ADJUNCT, adj. Joined to ; assistant. L. adjunctus, p. part, of ad- 
 
 jungo. See ADJOIN. 
 ADJURE, v. To impose an oath, Sec. L. adjuro ; from ad, concern- 
 
 ing, and juro, to swear. 
 ADJUST, v. To regulate; to render conformable. F. adjuster: L. 
 
 ad, to, and Justus, right. 
 AD'JUTANT. s. An assistant military officer. F. adjutant : L. ad, 
 
 to, and juium, sup. of juvo, to help. 
 AD LIBITUM. At pleasure. L. ad, to, libitum, the will. 
 ADMINISTER, v. To give ; to perform. L. administro. See MIN- 
 ISTER. 
 
 16 
 
ADM— ADV 
 
 ADMI'RE. v. To regard with wonder, or pleasure. L. admirer ; from 
 
 ad, at, and miror, to wonder. 
 ADMISSIBLE, adj. That may be admitted. L. admissus,,\>. part. 
 
 ofadmitto. See ADMIT. 
 ADMIT, v. To let in, or grant. L. admitto ; from ad, into, and mitto, 
 
 to send. 
 ADMIX', v. To mingle. L. admixtum, sup. of admisceo ; comp. of 
 
 ad, to, and misceo, to mix. 
 ADMON ISH. v. To warn of a fault ; to reprove gently. L. admoneo ; 
 
 from ad, to, and moneo, to advise. 
 ADOLES'CENCE. s. The age succeeding childhood. L. adulescentia ; 
 
 from adolesco, to grow. 
 ADOPT', w. To receive as our own. L. adopto ; from ad, to, and opto, 
 
 to select. 
 ADO'RE. v. To worship with external homage. L. o^oro ; from ad, 
 
 to, and oro, to speak or entreat. 
 ADORN', v. To deck or decorate; to make beautiful. L. adorno : 
 
 ad, to, and orno, to deck ; probably from the G. ornis, a bird. 
 AD QUOD DAMNUM. The title of a writ of inquiry, to ascertain 
 
 what injury may possibly be done, by the erection of a new market, 
 
 &c, to another market already established. L. ad, concerning, quod, 
 
 what, damnum, loss. 
 ADROIT', adj. Dexterous ; skilful ; active. F. adroit ; a, to, and droit, 
 
 the right hand. 
 ADSTRIC TION. s. Act of binding together. L. adstrictio ; ad, to, 
 
 and strictus, p. part, of stringo, to bind. 
 ADULA'TION. s. Extreme flattery. L. adulatio, the fawning of a 
 
 dog; G. skulakion, gen. of kuon, a dog. 
 ADULT', s. A person full grown. L. adultus, (p. part, of adoleo) 
 
 grown up. 
 ADUL'TERATE. v. To corrupt, debase, or make impure, by the ad- 
 mixture of baser materials. L. adulter o : from adulter, mixed: ad, 
 
 to, and alter, another. 
 ADUM'BRATE. v. To give a faint shadow, or slight likeness. L. 
 
 adumhro : umbra, a shadow. 
 ADUST', adj. Burned up; scorched. L. adustus, p. part, of aduro, 
 
 lo burn. 
 AD VALOREM. According to the value. L. ad, according to, 
 
 valorem, accus. of valor, value. 
 ADVANCE', v. To go, or come, forward ; to bring forward ; to give 
 
 or to lend before the regular time. F. avancer ; avant, before. 
 ADVAN'TAGE. s. Gain ; superiority. F. avantage. See ADVANCE. 
 AD'VENT. s. A holy season, during four weeks immediately before 
 
 Christmas. L. advent us, the coming [of the Redeemer.] 
 ADVENTITIOUS, adj. Accidental; extrinsic. L. adveniitius ; from 
 
 ad, to, and vtntum, sup. ofvenio, to come. 
 ADVENTURE, s. A chance ; a hazard ; an enterprise. F. aventure ; 
 
 L. adventurus, about to happen ; from advenio : ad, to, and venio, to 
 
 comp. 
 
 ADVERB, s. A word joined to another word. L. adverbium ; from 
 ad, to, and vcrbum, a word. 
 
 b* 17 
 
ADV— AFF 
 
 ADVERSE, adj. Opposing ; hostile. L. adversus ; from ad, against, 
 
 and versus, p. part, of verto, to turn. 
 ADVERT', v. To attend to; to speak of. L. adverio ; from ad, to, 
 
 and vc.rto, to turn. 
 ADVERTISE, v. To inform ; to make public. L. ad, to, and verto, 
 
 to turn [attention.] See ADVERT. 
 ADVISE, v. To counsel; to consult ; to inform. F. aviser, (formerly 
 
 adviser ;) from ad, upon, and visum, (sup. of video) to see, or consi- 
 der. 
 ADVOCATE, s. One who pleads for another, or who speaks in favour 
 
 of any measure. L. advocatus ; from ad, for, and voco, to call out, 
 
 or speak. 
 ADVOLU'TION. s. The act of flying towards. L. advolo : ad, to, 
 
 and volo, to fly. 
 ADVOLU TION. s. The a.ct of rolling towards. L. advolutio ; from 
 
 ad, to, and volutus, p. part, of volvo, to roll. 
 ADVOW'SON. s. The right of presentation to a church, or ecclesias- 
 tical benefice. L. advocatio : ad, to, and voco, to call. 
 AERIFORM, adj. Gaseous; having the form of air. L. air, air, and 
 
 forma, shape. 
 2Ei ROLITE. s. A solid substance, that has fallen out of the air, as a 
 
 meteoric stone, &c. G. air, air, and lithos, a stone. 
 AEROL'OGY. s. The doctrine of the atmosphere. G. aer, air, and 
 
 logos, a description. 
 AEROM'ETRY. s. The art of measuring the air. G. aer, air, and 
 
 metreo, to measure. 
 A'ERONAUT. s. One who ascends in a balloon. L. air, the air, and 
 
 nauta, a sailor. G. aer, and nautes. 
 AEROSTATION, s. Aerial navigation; the science of guiding ma- 
 chines in the air. G. aer, air, and staios, sustaining : istemi, to 
 
 stand. 
 AFFABLE, adj. Aceostable; agreeable in discourse. F. affable; L. 
 
 ad, to, and fabulor, to speak; that is, an affable person is one who 
 
 may be spoken to. 
 AFFAIR', s. Business. F. affaire ; from faire, to do; L. facer e, infin. 
 
 of facio, to do. 
 AFFECT', v. To influence; to pretend. L. affectum, sup. of officio ; 
 
 comp. of ad, to, and facio, to do. 
 AFFECTION, s. Love : personal attachment ; state of being affected. 
 
 L. affectio. See AFFECT. 
 AFFIDAVIT, s. A declaration upon oath. L. This word is con- 
 tracted from an expression of the common law, — ad Jidem dedit ; 
 
 that is, he has given assurance concerning [this matter.] 
 AFFILTATE. v. To associate, ally, or unite with. L. ad, to, and 
 
 jilius, a son or child. 
 AFFINITY, s. Relation by marriage, opposed to consanguinity, or 
 
 relation by birth ; connexion with ; resemblance to. L. ajfinitas ; 
 
 from ad^ to, zndjinis, a boundary, or border. 
 AFFIRM', v. To ratify; to declare. L. afjirmo ; from ad, concerning, 
 
 and Jirpw, to establish. 
 AFFIX', v. To unite to the end; to subjoin; to connect with. L. 
 
 affixum, sup. of affigo ; from ad, to, andjSgo, to fasten. 
 
 18 
 
AFF— AID 
 
 AFFLA'TION. s. Act of breathing upon. L. afflatus, p. part, of 
 
 afflo: ad, to or upon, and jio, to blow. 
 AFFLICT', v. To cause pain. L. afflictum, sup. of affligo ; from ad % 
 
 against, and fligo, to dash. 
 AF FLUENT, adj. Flowing to any part ; abundant ; wealthy. L. 
 
 affluens, part. oT affluo ; from ad, to, a.nd Jluo, to flow. 
 AFFLUX, s. The act of flowing to; the thing which flows. L. 
 
 affluxus ; from affluo : ad, to, and fluo, to flow. 
 AFFRAY', s. The fighting of two or more persons, in some public 
 
 place, and causing terror to others. F. effrayer, (formerly effriger) 
 
 to terrify. 
 AFFRIC'TION. s. Act of rubbing one thing upon another. L. affric- 
 
 tus; ad, to, or against, and frico, to rub. 
 AFFRONT', v. Literally, to meet or encounter face to face : but this 
 
 sense is obsolete : — to offer abuse to the face ; to insult, dare, or 
 
 brave openly. F. affronter ; L. ad, to, and frons, the front or face. 
 AFFU'SION. s. The act of pouring one thing upon another. L. affu- 
 
 sio ; affusus, p. part, ofaffundo: ad, upon, andfundo, to pour. 
 A FORTIORI. With stronger reason. L. a, with, fortiori, abl. of 
 
 fortior, stronger. 
 A'GENT. s. One who transacts business for another ; that which acts. 
 
 L. a gens, part, ox ago, to act. 
 AGGERATE. v. To heap up. L. agger, a heap : ad, to, and gero, to 
 
 carry. 
 AGGLOMERATE, v. To come together, as a ball. L. agglomero ; 
 
 from ad, to, and glomus, a ball of yarn. 
 AGGLUTINATE, v. To join : (used chiefly in medical language :) 
 
 L. agglutino: ad, to, and gluten, glue. 
 AG'GRANDIZE. v. To make great ; to increase in power. F. ag- 
 
 grandiser ; from grand, great. L. grandis. 
 AGGRAVATE, v. To make heavier : (used only in a metaphorical 
 
 sense ;) to make worse. L. aggravo ; from ad, and gravo, to bur- 
 then. 
 AG'GREGATE. s. The entire ; the collective result. L. aggrego, to 
 
 accumulate; from grex, a flock. 
 AGGRES'SION. s. An unprovoked injury. L. aggressio ; from ad, 
 
 towards, and gradus, a step. 
 AGIL'ITY. s. Activity. F. agilite ; L. agilitas ; from ago, to act. 
 AGITATE, v. To shake violently. L. agito, freq. of ago, to act. 
 AGNA'TE. adj. Related or akin by the father's side. L. agnatus ; 
 
 ad, and nascor, to be born. 
 AGONIST, s. One who contends for the prize in public games. G. 
 
 ogonizo, to strive. 
 AGONY, s. Extreme pain. G. agon, a struggle, or contention. 
 AGRA'RIAN. adj. Relating to land. L. agrarius ; from ager, a field. 
 AGRES'TIC. adj. Rural ; rustic ; pertaining to fields, or the country, 
 
 in opposition to the citv. L. agrestis ; ager, a field. 
 AGRICULTURE, s. The art of cultivating the ground; tillage. L. 
 
 agricultural ager, a field, and cultus, p. part, of colo, to till. 
 AID. v. To help, to assist. F. aider: L. adjuto, to help. 
 AID-DE-CAMP. s. A.n officer who conveys the orders of a military 
 
 commander. F. aide, an assistant, de, of, camp, the camp. 
 
 19 
 
AIS— ALL 
 
 AISLE, s. The wing of a quire ; a walk in a church. F. axle, a wing ; 
 
 L. ala. 
 ALACRITY, s. Cheerful speed. L. alacritas ; from ala, a wing. 
 A-LA-MODE. F. a la mode, according to the fashion. 
 ALARM', s. Notice of danger. F. a Varmes I (aux armes .') to arms ! 
 AL A'TED. adj. Winged ; having dilations like Wings. L. alutus : 
 
 al-i, a wing. 
 ALBESCENT, adj. Becoming white. L. albescens, part, of albesco ; 
 
 ai'ous, white. 
 ALBINO, s. A descendant of coloured parents, unnaturally white. 
 
 L. albus, white. 
 AL'BUM. s. A book with unwritten leaves. L. albus, white. 
 AL'BUMEN. s. That which forms the serum of the blood, the white 
 
 of egg.s, &c. L. alburn, the white of an egg. 
 AL'CHEMY. s. Formerly signified the most abstruse part of che- 
 mistry, as the attempt to transmute common metals into gold ; but 
 
 it is no longer ranked amongst the sciences. Arabic. 
 AL'CHYMY. s. See ALCHEMY. 
 
 ALERT', adj. Brisk; watchful. Y.alerte; L. ala, a wing. 
 ALEXAN'DRINE. s. A kind of verse, consisting of twelve syllables, 
 
 or of twelve and thirteen alternately ; so called from a poem, written, 
 
 in French, on the life of Alexander. 
 A' LIAS. Otherwise ; or : — thus ; " Donnel, alias O'Donnell. 1 ' L. alias, 
 
 in another manner. 
 ALIBI. Means that the accused was absent when the crime was 
 
 committed. L. alibi, elsewhere. 
 A'LIEN. s. A foreigner. L. alienus, from alius, another. 
 A'LIENATE. v. To transfer to another ; to withdraw the affections. 
 
 L. alieno. See ALIEN. 
 ALIF'EROUS. adj. Having wings. L. ala, a wing, and gero, to bear. 
 ALFGEROUS. adj. Having wings. L. ala, a win g, and gero, to bear, 
 
 or carry. 
 ALTMENT. s. Food. L. alimentum ; from alo, to nourish. 
 ALTMONY. s. Legal allowance by a husband to his wife, after se- 
 paration. L. alimonia ; from alo, to nourish. 
 ALTQLOT. adj. Even ; without a remainder, — as 2 is an aliquot 
 
 part of 10. L. aliquot ; from aliquolies, certain times. 
 ALLEGA'TION. s. Affirmation ; thing alleged. L. allegatio. See 
 
 ALLEGE. 
 ALLE'GE. v. To affirm; to maintain; to declare. L. allego ; from 
 
 ad, to, and lego, to impute. 
 ALLEGIANCE, s. The duty of a subject. F. allegeance; L. ad, to, 
 
 and legem, accus. of lex, a law. 
 AL'LEGORY. s. A figurative relation. G. allegoria ; from alios, 
 
 another, and agora, a speech. 
 AL'LEY. s. A walk in a garden ; a narrow passage or way in a town. 
 
 F. allce : aller, to go. 
 ALLE'VIATE. v. To lighten. L. allevo ; ab, from, and leva, to lift. 
 ALLI'ANCE. s. Connexion ; a league. F. alliance. See ALLY. 
 ALLIGATION, s. The arithmetical rule which teaches to adjust the 
 
 price of compounds, formed of several ingredients of different value. 
 
 L. alligatio ; from alligo ; ad, together, and Ugo, to bind. 
 
 20 
 
ALL— AMB 
 
 ALLITERATION, s. Beginning several successive words with the 
 
 same letter. L. ad, and liter a [adhering] to a letter. 
 ALLOC ATION. s. Act of putting one thing to another. L. ad, to, 
 
 and locus, a place. 
 ALLODIAL, adj. Allodial lands are those which are not held under 
 
 any superior. In England, all lands are held under the crown. 
 
 The etymology of this word is uncertain. 
 ALLU'DE. v. To speak of indirectly ; to hint at. L. alludo ; from 
 
 ad, towards, and ludo, to play, — perhaps, originally used respecting 
 
 the episodes of a lively composition. 
 ALLU'RE. v. To entice. F. a, to, and leurre, a decoy, or bait. 
 ALLU'SION. s. Indirect reference ; a hint. L. See ALLUDE. 
 ALLU' VI AL. adj. Relating to alluvion ; consisting of alluvion. 
 ALLU'VION. s. That which is carried by a flood ; as land formed 
 
 near a river. F. alluvion : L. alluvio, an inundation of water ; aU 
 
 luo, to flow near to : ad, to, and luo, to wash away. 
 AL'LY. s. A confederate. F. allie ; a, to, and Her, (L. ligo) to tie. 
 AL'FHA TO OMEGA. From the beginning to the end: alpha is 
 
 the first, and omega the last letter, of the Greek alphabet. 
 AL'PHABET. s. The letters of a language. G. alpha and beta, the 
 
 first two letters of the Greek alphabet. 
 AL'TAR. s. A place raised for worship. L. altar e ; from alius, 
 
 high. 
 ALTER, s. To change. L. alter, another. 
 ALTERCA'TION. s. Dispute. F. altercation : L. altercatio ; from 
 
 alterco, to contend. 
 ALTERNATIVE, s. Choice of two things. F. alternatif ; L. alter, 
 
 another. 
 ALTER'NETER. s. An instrument for measuring altitudes by geo- 
 metrical principles. L. altus, high, and G. metron, measure. 
 AL'TITUDE. s. Height. L. altitudo ; from altus, high. 
 ALUMNI, s. Pupils ; youths who have been educated at any parti- 
 
 cular college. L. pi. of alumnus, a pupil, or foster child : from alo, 
 
 to nourish. 
 AMAL'GAM. s. A composition of metals. G. ama, together, and 
 
 gameo, to marry. 
 AMAL'GAM ATE. v. To form into amalgam; to unite intimately. 
 
 See AMALGAM. 
 AMANUEN'SIS. s. A writer employed by an author, &c. L. ama. 
 
 nuensis ; from ad, in place of, and manus, a hand. 
 AMASS', v. To accumulate. F. amasser ; L. ad, to, and massa, a 
 
 heap. 
 AMATEUR', s. A lover of any particular pursuit or system. F. ama- 
 
 tear ; L. amator, a lover ; from amo, to love. 
 AM'ATORY. adj. Relating to love ; containing sentiments of love. 
 
 L. amator, a lover; from amo, to love. 
 AM'AZON. s. One of the warlike nation of women who inhabited 
 
 Caucasus ; said to have cut off their right breast, that they might 
 
 the more easily use their weapons. G. a, not, and mazos, a breast. 
 AMBASSADOR, s. A person sent, in a public manner, from one 
 
 sovereign power to another. F. ambassadeur ; L. ambio, to go 
 
 about, or make interest for. 
 
 21 
 
A MB— AMP 
 
 AMBIDEXTROUS, adj. Expert with both hands. L. ambidexter ; 
 
 from ambo, both, and dexter, right-handed. 
 AM'BIENT. adj. Surrounding ; encompassing. L. ambiens, part, of 
 
 ambio, to go about or encompass. 
 AMBIG'UOUS. adj. Having a double meaning ; doubtful. L. ambu 
 
 guus ; from ambo, both. 
 AMBIL OQUY. s. Use of doubtful expressions. L. ambo, both, and 
 
 loquor, to speak. 
 AMBITION, s. Desire of eminence. L. ambitio ; from ambio, to go 
 
 about, or solicit. 
 AM'BLE. v. To move with an easy, peculiar pace. F. ambler : L. 
 
 ambulo, freq. of ambio, to go about. 
 AMBRO'SI A. s. The imaginary food of the gods. G. ambrosia ; from 
 
 ambrotos, immortal. 
 AMBULATE, v. To walk about. L. ambulo ; from ambio, to go 
 
 about. 
 AMBUSCA'DE. s. A hostile concealment ; ambush. F. embuscade ; 
 
 en, in, and bois, a wood. 
 AM'BUSH. s. An ambuscade. F. embuche : en, in, and bois, a wood. 
 AMEN' ABLE. adj. Responsible ; tractable. F. amesnable ; amener, 
 
 to lead. 
 AMEND', v. To reform ; to correct. L. emendo ; comp. of e, from, 
 
 and menda, a blemish. 
 AMELIORATE, v. To make better ; to improve ; to meliorate. See 
 
 MELIORATE. 
 AMENITY", s. Pleasantness; agreeableness. L. amoenitas ; G. ame- 
 
 nitos ; a, without, and menis, anger. 
 A MEN'SA ET THO'RO. From bed and board; a term used to 
 
 denote a partial divorce, distinguished from de vinculo matrimonii, 
 
 which signifies a total divorce. L. a, from, mensa, a table, et, and, 
 
 thoro, abl. ofthorus, a bed. 
 A'MIABLE. adj. Lovely ; virtuous. F. aimable : L. amo, to love. 
 AMTCABLE. adj. Friendly ; peaceable. L. amicabilis ; from amo, 
 
 to love. 
 AMTTY. s. Friendship ; peace. F. amitie ; L. amicitia : amo, to love. 
 AMMUNITION, s. Military stores ; materials for loading a gun. 
 
 L. ad, to, and munio, to fortify. 
 AM'NESTY. s. An act of oblivion. G. amnestia ; from a, not, and 
 
 mnesis, memory. 
 AM'OROUS. adj. Loving ; lustful. L. amor, love. 
 AMOR- PA' TRUE. The love of one's country. L. amor, love, pa. 
 
 trice, sfen. of patria, a country. 
 AMOTION, s. A term used, in law, to denote a violent removing, or 
 
 displacing. L. amotum, sup. of amoveo : a, from, and moveo, to 
 
 move. 
 AMPHIB'IOUS. adj. Capable of living on land, or in water. G. am. 
 
 phibious : amphi, opposite, and bios, life. 
 AMPHITHE'ATRE. s. A circular or oval building ; of which, the 
 
 area, or pit, is reserved for exhibitions, and surrounded by seats, one 
 
 above another. G. amphitheatron ; from amphi, around, and tliea- 
 
 tron, a theatre : from theotnai, to see or look. 
 AM'PLE. adj. Large; wide; sufficient. F. ample ; L. amplus, large. 
 
 22 
 
 
AMP— ANE 
 
 AMTLIFY. v. To enlarge. F. amplifier ; L. ampins, large, and Jio, 
 
 to \e made. 
 AMPUTATE, v. To cut off. L. amputo, comp. of ab, from, and 
 
 puto, to lop. 
 AMULET, s. A sort of charm, worn about the person. L. amu- 
 
 letum : probably, from amolior, to remove, or put away with diffi- 
 culty. 
 AMU'SE. v. To entertain; to deceive by artful management. F« 
 
 amuser ; L. musa, a song, or poem. 
 ANABAP'TIST. s. One who opposes the baptism of infants. G. ana, 
 
 again, and bapto, to wash; because the original followers of that 
 
 doctrine had been christened when children, and were again bap. 
 
 tized, when adults, by immersion. 
 ANA'CHRONISM. s. Error in computing time. F. anachronisme ; 
 
 G. ana, against, and chronos, time. 
 ANACREON'TIQUE. s. A poem in the manner of Anacreon, of 
 
 Jonia ; who wrote in Greek. 
 AN'AGRAM. s. A conceit, arising from the transposition of letters. 
 
 G. ana, opposite to, or backwards, and gramma, a letter. 
 ANALEC'TIC. adj. Selecting. G. ana, again, and lektos, collected. 
 ANALOGY, s. Resemblance, with regard to some circumstances or 
 
 effects. F. analogie; G. analogia; from ana, with, and logos, a word. 
 ANAL'YSIS. s. Separation. G. analusis ; from ana, separately, and 
 
 luo, to dissolve. 
 ANALYTTC, or ANALYTICAL. By analysis; examining mi- 
 nutely. See ANALYSIS. 
 ANARCHY, s. Want of government ; national confusion, G. anar- 
 
 chia ; from a, without, and arche, government. 
 ANA'THEMA. s. A curse, pronounced by ecclesiastical authority ; 
 
 excommunication. G. anathema : ana, denoting separation, and 
 
 tithemi, to place. 
 ANAT'OMY. s. The art of dissection. G. anatomia ; from ana, 
 
 through, and temno, to cut. 
 ANCESTOR, s. One from whom a person is remotely descended. L. 
 
 antecessor ; from ante, before, and cessum, sup. of cedo, to go. 
 ANCH'OR. s. An instrument for holding a ship in a certain place. L. 
 
 anchor a ; G. ankvros, a hook. 
 ANCH'ORET, or ANCH'ORITE. s. A hermit ; a recluse. G. ana- 
 
 choretes: ana, separately, and choreo, to go. 
 AN'CIENT. adj. Past ; former ; of great age. F. ancien ; L. ante, 
 
 before. 
 ANCIL'LARY. adj. Subservient. L. ancilla, a maid-servant. 
 ANDROI'D. s. x\n automaton of human form. G. aner, a man, and 
 
 eidos, form. 
 ANECDOTE, s. Secret history ; biographical incident. G. anekdo- 
 
 ton ; from a, not, and ekdidoni, to publish. 
 ANEMOG'RAPHY. s. Description of the cause of the winds. G. 
 
 anemos, the wind, and grapho, to write. 
 ANEMOM'ETER. s. An instrument for measuring the power or ve- 
 locity of the wind. G. anemos, the wind, and metreo, to measure. 
 ANEM'OSCOPE. s. An instrument to show the direction of the wind. 
 
 G. anemos, the wind, and skopeo, to view. 
 
 23 
 
ANE— ANO 
 
 AN'EURISM. s. An irregular dilation of an artery. G. aneuro, to 
 
 dilate. 
 AN'GEL. s. A celestial inhabitant, or messenger. G. angelos : an- 
 
 gello, to deliver a message. 
 ANG'ER. s. Severe displeasure ; wrath. L. ango ; G. ancho, to choke, 
 
 strangle, or vex. 
 ANG'LE. s. A term in geometry. L. angulus, a corner. 
 ANG'LICE'. In English. L. 
 
 ANG UISH. s. Excessive pain. F. angoisse ; L. ango, to strangle. 
 ANHELA'TION. s. Shortness of breath; a panting. L. anhelo: halo, 
 
 to breathe. 
 ANIL' IT Y. s. The state of being an old woman ; dotage. L. anili- 
 
 tas ; anus, an old woman. 
 ANIMADVERT', v. To consider; to observe; to censure. L. ani- 
 
 madverto ; from animus, the mind, ad, to, verto, to turn. 
 ANTMAL. s. A living creature. L. animal, a living creature ; G. 
 
 anima, breath. 
 ANIMATE, v. To give life ; to enliven. L. animo. See ANIMAL. 
 ANIMOSTTY. s. Vehement hatred. L. animositas ; from animus, 
 
 spirit, passion. 
 AN'NALS. s. History, in which the events are recorded in yearly 
 
 succession. L. annales ; from annus, a year. 
 ANNEX', v. To join to ; to unite. L. annezum, sup. of annecto ; ad, 
 
 to, and necto, to link or tie together. 
 ANNI'HILATE. v. To destroy. L. ad, to, and nihil, nothing. 
 ANNIVER'SARY. s. "Yearly return. L. anniversarius ; from anni, 
 
 of a year, and versus, a turning : annus and verto. 
 ANNO DOMINI, or A. D. The sign of the Christian era. L. anno, 
 
 in the year, Domini, of our Lord. 
 ANNO MUNDI, or A. M. A term in chronology, referring to the 
 
 creation. L. anno, in the year, mundi, of the world. 
 AN NOTATOR. s. One who writes notes ; a commentator. L. anno- 
 
 tator ; from ad, concerning, and noto, to mark. 
 ANNOUNCE', v. To proclaim. L. annuncio ; from ad, to, and nuncio, 
 
 to relate. 
 ANNO UR'BIS CONDITM, or A. U. C. A term in Roman chro- 
 nology. L. anno, in the year, urbis, of the city, (Rome,) condita, 
 
 being built. 
 ANNOY', v. To molest ; to teaze. F. nuire, to hurt ; L. ad, to, and 
 
 noceo, to hurt. 
 AN'NUAL. adj. Yearly. F. annuel : L. annus, a year. 
 ANNUITY, s. Yearly allowance. F. annuite ; L. annus, a year, and 
 
 itum, sup. of eo, to go, or proceed. 
 ANNUL', v. To make void. L. ad, to, and nullus, of no account. 
 ANNULAR, adj. In the form of a ring. L. annulus, a ring. 
 ANODYNE, s. A mitigator of pain. G. ana, against, and odune, 
 
 pain. 
 ANOINT', v. To pour oil upon ; to consecrate by unction, or the use 
 
 of oil. F. oint, part, of oindre ; L. ad, to, and unctus, p. part, of 
 
 ungo, to smear. 
 ANOM'ALOUS. adj. Irregular. G. a, without, and nomos, a 
 
 law. 
 
 24 
 
ANO— ANT 
 
 ANON'YMOUS. adj. Without a name. L. anonymus : G. anonumos : 
 
 a, without, and onuma, a name. 
 ANTAGONIST, s. An opponent. F. antagoniste : G. anti, against, 
 
 and agonizo, to contend. 
 ANTARCTIC, adj. A term in astronomy. G. anti, opposite, and 
 
 arctic. 
 ANTECE'DENT. s. That which goes before. L. antecedens ; from 
 
 ante, before, and cedens, part, of cedo, to go. 
 ANTECES'SOR. s. One that goes before. L. See ANTECEDENT. 
 AN'TECHAMBER. s. A chamber that leads to the chief apartment. 
 
 L. ante, before, and chamber. 
 ANTEDATE, v. To date earlier than the proper time. L. ante, be- 
 
 fore, and date. 
 ANTEDILUVIAN, adj. Existing before the flood. L. ante, before, 
 
 and diluvium, a deluge. 
 ANTEMERIDIAN, or A. M. L. ante, before, meridies, noon. 
 ANTEMUN'DANE. adj. Before the creation of the world. L. ante, 
 
 before, and mundus, the world. 
 ANTEN'NiE. s. In zoology, the horns or feelers of insects, projecting 
 
 from the head. L. antenna, a sail-yard. 
 AN'TEPENULT. s. The last syllable except two. L. antepenuHjma ; 
 
 ante, before, pene, almost, ultimus, the last. 
 ANTE'RIOR. adj. Going before; previous. L. anterior, the compar. 
 
 form of ante, before. 
 AN'THEM. s. A hymn, sung in alternate parts ; any holy song. G. 
 
 anthumnos ; from anti, opposite to, and humneo, to sing in verse, or 
 
 to praise. 
 ANTHOL'OGY. s. A collection of beautiful passages from authors ; 
 
 a collection of poems or epigrams. In the Greek church, a collection 
 
 of devotional pieces. G. anthos, a flower, and logos, a discourse, or 
 
 logia, a collection. 
 AN'THRACITE. adj. Composed chiefly of carbon ; not bituminous. 
 
 G. anthrax, a coal. 
 ANTHROPOPHAGI, s. Eaters of human flesh. G. anthropos, a 
 
 man, and phago, to eat. 
 ANTICHRIS'TIAN. adj. Opposed to Christianity. G. anti, against, 
 
 and Christian. 
 ANTI'CIPATE. v. To act or think before an event. L. anticipo ; 
 
 from ante, before, and capio, to take. 
 AN'TIC. adj. Strange ; ridiculous. L. antiquus, ancient. 
 ANTICLI'MAX. s. A sentence, of which the last part expresses some- 
 thing lower than the first. G. anti, opposite to, and climax. 
 ANTIDOTE, s. A remedy for poison. G. antidotos ; from anti, 
 
 against, and dotos, part, of didomi, to give. 
 ANTIFEB'RILE. adj. Efficacious against fever. G. anti, against, 
 
 and L. febris, a fever. 
 ANTIFED'ERALIST. s. A person who was opposed to the tenor of 
 
 the federal constitution of the United States of America. G. anti, 
 
 against, and federalist. 
 ANTIL'OGY. s. A contradiction between any words or passages in 
 
 ail author. G. anti, against, and logos, speech. 
 ANTIPATHY, s. Fixed dislike. G. anti, against, and pathos, feeling. 
 c 25 
 
ANT— APE 
 
 ANTI'PHONY. s. The answer of one choir to another, when an an- 
 them or psalm is sung by two choirs; alternate singing 1 ; the words 
 
 given out at the beginning of a psalm, to which both the choirs are 
 
 to accommodate their singing. G. anti, against, and phone, voice. 
 ANTI'PHRASIS. s. An expression in which the words are used in a 
 
 sense opposite to their just meaning. G. anti, opposite to, and 
 
 phrasis, a form of speech. 
 ANTIP'ODES. s. People who live on opposite meridians, and in op- 
 
 posite latitudes. G. anti, opposite to, and podes, feet. 
 ANTIPOL'OMIST. s. One opposed to war. G. anti, against, and 
 
 polemos, war. " 
 AN'TIQUARY. s. A searcher of ancient things. L. antiquarius ; 
 
 from ante, before, and qucero, to seek. 
 AN'TIQUATE. v. To make obsolete. L. antiquo. See ANTI- 
 
 QUARY. 
 ANTISCORBUTIC, adj. Efficacious against scurvy. G. anti, against, 
 
 and scorbutic. 
 ANTISEP'TIC. adj. Preventive of putrefaction. F. antiseptique : G. 
 
 anti, against, and sepo, to putrefy. 
 ANTISPASMODIC, adj. Efficacious against cramp. G. anti, against, 
 
 and spasmos, the cramp; spao, to draw. 
 ANTITH'ESIS. s. Contrast in words. G. antithesis; from anti, 
 
 against, and thesis, a position; tithemi, to place. 
 ANTIS'TASIS. s. In oratory, the defence of an action, from the con- 
 
 sideration that if it had been omitted, something worse would have 
 
 happened. G. anti, opposite, and stasis, station. 
 ANTISTROPHE'. s. In grammar, the changing of things mutually 
 
 depending on each other. Amongst the ancients, that part of a song 
 
 or dance, before the altar, which was performed by turning from 
 
 west to east, in opposition to the strophe. G. anti, opposite, and 
 
 strophe, a turning. 
 ANTITHETIC, adj. Placed in contrast. See ANTITHESIS. 
 ANTCE'CI. s. People who live in opposite latitudes, on the same me- 
 ridian. G. anti, opposite to, and oikeo, to dwell. 
 AN'TRILE. adj. Relating or belonging to a den or cavern. L. an- 
 
 trvm, a den. 
 ANXPETY. s. Trouble of mind, about a future event. L. anxietas ; 
 
 from angor, anguish : ango, to strangle. 
 A'ORIST. s. The name of certain tenses in the grammar of the Greek 
 
 language, which express time indeterminate, that is, either past, 
 
 present, or future. G. aoristos, indefinite. 
 APARTMENT, s. A separate room ; a chamber. F. apartement : 
 
 L. a, from, and pars, a part. 
 A'PATHY. s. Want of feeling, or of passion. G. a, without, and 
 
 pathos, feeling. 
 APEP'SIA, or APEPSY. s. Want of natural concoction ; vulgarly, a 
 
 heart-burn. G. apepsia ; from a, not, and pepto, to boil, or digest. 
 APERIENT, adj. Gentle purgative. L. aperiens, part, of aperio, to 
 
 open. 
 AP'ERTURE. s. An opening. L. apertura ; from aperio, to open. 
 AP'EX. s. The point. L. apex, the top. 
 
 26 
 
 
APH— APP 
 
 APHELION, s. That part in the orbit of any planet, which is the 
 
 most remote from the sun. G. apo, from, and helios, the sun. 
 APHCE'RISIS. s. A figure of speech, by which a letter or syllable is 
 
 taken from the beginning of a word. G. aphairesis ; comp, of apo, 
 
 from, and aireo, to take. 
 A'PHORISM. s. A maxim ; a precept contracted into a short sentence. 
 
 G. aphorismos ; comp. of apo, from, and orizo, to separate or define. 
 AP'IARY. s. A place for bees. L. apis, a bee. 
 APOCALYPSE, s. Revelation; the last book of the New Testament. 
 
 G. apokalupto, to uncover. 
 APOCRYPHAL, adj. Of uncertain authority. G. apo, far off, and 
 
 krupto, to hide. 
 AP'OGEE. s. A point in the heavens, in which the sun, or a planet, 
 
 is at the greatest distance from the earth. G. apo, from, and ge, the 
 
 earth. 
 AP'OLOGUE. s. A kind of fable. G. apologos ; from apo, far off, and 
 
 logos, a discourse ; alluding to the nature of fable ; which inculcates 
 
 one thing by the relation of another. 
 APOL'OGY. s. Excuse. G. apologia ; from apo, after, and logos, a 
 
 speech ; that is, an explanation subsequent to the offence. 
 APOPLEXY, s. A general deprivation of animal sensation. G. apo- 
 
 plexia ; from apo, from, and plesso, to strike. 
 APOSTATE, s. One who has deserted his former profession, either 
 
 in politics or religion. G. apostates ; apo, from, and estaotos, part. 
 
 ofistimi, to stand. 
 A POSTERIO' RI. From the latter ; a phrase, in logic, opposed to 
 
 a priori, and used in reasoning from an effect to its cause. L. a, 
 
 from, and posteriori, abl. of posterior, the latter. 
 APOS'TLE. s. A person deputed. G. apostolos ; from apo, from, and 
 
 stello, to send. 
 APOSTROPHE', s. A diversion of speech, to another person or thing. 
 
 G. apostrophe : comp. of apo, from, and strepho, to turn. 
 APOTHECARY, s. A compounder of medicines. L. apotheca, a 
 
 wine-cellar, or store-house : G. apo, from, and theke, a depository. 
 AP'OTHEGM, or AP'OPHTHEGM. s. A pointed sentiment; a 
 
 maxim delivered extempore. G. apophthegma : apo, without- [consi- 
 deration] , and phthengomai, to speak. 
 APOTHE'OSIS. s. Heathenish deification. G. apotheosis : from apo, 
 
 (a word of multifarious signification,) and theos, a god. 
 APPAL', v. To affright. F. appalir ; L. ad, at, palleo, to look 
 
 pale. 
 APT AN AGE. s. An appurtenance of land. F. apanage ; from ap- 
 
 pendre, to hang : L. ad, to, and pendo, to hang. 
 APPARATUS, s. Utgnsils; philosophical instruments. L. appara- 
 tus ; from ad, for, and paro, to prepare. 
 APPAR'EL. s. Dress ; habiliments. F. appareil, furniture. See 
 
 APPARATUS. 
 APPA'RENT. adj. Easily seen ; seeming, not real. L. apparens, 
 
 part, ofappareo; from ad, to, and pareo, to appear. 
 APPARITION, s. An ideal spectre. L. appareo, to appear. 
 APPEAL', v. To remove a cause from a lower, to a higher tribunal; 
 
 to refer. L. apcllo, to applv to : ad and pello. 
 
 27 
 
APP— APP 
 
 APPEAR', v. To come in view ; to be apparent. L. appareo, to ap- 
 pear ; ad and pareo. 
 APPE'ASE. v. To quiet. F. appetiser ; a, to, and paix, peace : L. 
 
 ad and pax. 
 APPEL'LATE. adj. Appellate jurisdiction is the power of hearing 
 
 appeals. See APPEAL. 
 APPELL A'TION. s. A name. L. appellatio ; appello, to call ; from 
 
 ad, to, and pello, to strike or effect : so as to draw attention. 
 APPEND', v. To hang or attach. L. appendo : ad, to, and pendo, to 
 
 hang. 
 APPEN'DIX. s. A supplement. L. appendix. See APPEND. 
 APPERTAIN', v. To belong (with to.) F. appartenir ; L. ad, to, 
 
 and perteneo, to belong : perteneo is from per, by, and teneo, to hold. 
 AP'PETENCE. s. Strong desire. L. appetens, part, of appeto, to de- 
 sire ; ad, for, and peto, to seek. 
 APPETITE, s. Desire; keenness of stomach. L. appetitio ; from 
 
 ad, for, and peto, to seek. 
 APPLAUD', v. To praise, by clapping the hands ; to praise aloud. 
 
 L. applaudo : ad, to, and laudo, or plaudo, to give praise. 
 AP'PLICABLE. adj. Suitable; attributable. F. applicable. See 
 
 APPLY. 
 APPLY', v. To join; to have recourse (with to.) L.applico; from 
 
 ad, to, and plico, to fold. 
 APPOINT, v. To fix, or mark out. F. appointer ; L. ad, to, and 
 
 punctum, sup. of pungo. See POINT. 
 APPORTION, v. To assign in just proportion. L. ad, to, and por- 
 tion. 
 AP'POSITE. adj. Proper ; appropriate. L. appositus ; from ad, to, 
 
 and positvs, p. part, of pono, to place. 
 APPOSITION, s. Addition of new matter ; agreement of nouns. L. 
 
 appositio. See APPOSITE. 
 APPRAISE, v. To fix a price on. F. apprecier ; L. ad, to, and pre- 
 
 tium, a price. 
 APPRECIATE, v. To value at a just rate or price. F. apprecier. 
 
 See APPRAISE. 
 APPREHEND', v. To seize; to understand. L. apprehendo ; from 
 
 ad, to or at, and prehendo, to catch. 
 APPRENTICE, s. One who is bound by covenant to remain with 
 
 another for a certain period, in order that he may acquire knowledge 
 
 of an art or trade. F. apprenti : apprendre, to learn : L. apprehendo. 
 APPRI'ZE. v. To inform. F. appris, part, of apprendre, to inform. 
 APPROACH', v. To come near. F. approcher ; from a, to, and 
 
 proche, near : L. ad, to, and proximus, next. 
 APPROBATION, s. Approval. L. approbatio. See APPROVE. 
 APPRO'PRIATE. v. To assign to some particular use. L. ad, to, 
 
 and proprius, special or particular. 
 APPRO'VE. v. To like; to be pleased with. F. approuver : L.ap. 
 
 probo, to approve. 
 APPROXIMATE, v.- To approach. L. ad, to, and proximus, next. 
 APPUL'SION. s. The act of striking against, by a moving body. L. 
 
 appulsus : ad, and pulsus, p. part, of pello, to drive. 
 APPURTENANCE, s. A thing appertaining. See APPERTAIN. 
 
APR— ARC 
 
 ATRIL. s. The fourth month. L. Aprilis ; from aperio, to open ; be- 
 cause, in April, the blossoms unfold. 
 A PRIORI. From the former ; in the first instance ; a phrase, in 
 
 logic, opposed to a posteriorly and used in reasoning- from a cause to 
 
 its effect. L. a, from, priori, abl. of prior, the former. 
 APROPOS. To the purpose ; well-timed. F. a, to, propos, the pur- 
 pose. 
 APT. adj. Fit ; inclined ; ready. L. aptus, p. part, of apto, to fit, or 
 
 adapt. 
 AP'TOTE. s. An indeclinable noun. G. a, without, and ptosis, a 
 
 case. 
 AQUAFORTIS, s. Sulphate of nitre. L. aqua, water, and fortis, 
 
 (gen. of fors) of strength. 
 AQUARE'GIA. «. Nitro-muriatic acid. L. aqua, water, and regia, 
 
 (fem. of regius,) royal : this mixture will dissolve gold ; hence, its 
 
 princely title. 
 AQUARIUS, s. A sign of the zodiac. L. aquarius, a water-bearer. 
 AQUAT'IC. adj. Relating to any thing that inhabits water. L. aqua- 
 
 ticus; from aqua, water. 
 AQUATIN'TA. s. A method of etching on copper, by which a beau- 
 • tiful effect is produced, resembling a fine drawing in water-colours 
 
 or Indian ink. L. aqua, water, and Italian, tenia, dye. 
 AQUAVI'TiE. s. A strong spirituous liquor. L. aqua, water, vita, 
 
 of life. (It should rather be named aqua mortis, the water of 
 
 death.) 
 AQUEDUCT, s. An artificial conveyance for water. L. aqu&ductus ; 
 
 aqua, water, and ductus, p. part, of duco, to bring. 
 A'QUEOUS. adj. Watery : partaking of the nature of water. L. 
 
 aqua, water. 
 A'QUILINE. adj. An aquiline nose resembles an eagle's beak. L. 
 
 aquilinus ; from aquila, an eagle. 
 A'RABLE. adj. Fit for cultivation. L. arabilis ; aro, to plough. 
 AR'BITER. s. A judge; one who has the power of direction. L. 
 
 arbiter, an arbitrator, or ruler. 
 ARBITRARY, adj. Despotic; independent of rules. L. arbitrarius. 
 
 See ARBITER. 
 AR'BITRATOR. s. A judg-e, chosen by mutual consent. L. arbitror, 
 
 to award. See ARBITER. 
 ARBORESCENT, adj. Growing in the form of a tree. L. arbore. 
 
 scens, part, of arboresco : arbor, a tree. 
 AR'BORIST. s. One who makes trees his study. L. arbor, a tree. 
 AR'BOUR. s. A bower. L. arbor, a tree. 
 
 ARC. s. Part of a circle. L. arcus, a bow or arch; because these de- 
 scribe only part of a circle. 
 ARCA'DE. s. A continued arch ; a walk covered with an arched roof. 
 
 F. arcade. L. arcus. See ARCH. 
 ARC A' NUM. s. A secret. L. arcanum ; from area, a chest, coffin, 
 
 or tomb : secrets are hidden, as in a chest. 
 ARCH. s. Part of a circle. L. arcus. See ARCH. 
 ARCH' ANGEL, s. One of the highest order of angels. G. archos, 
 
 chief, and angel. 
 ARCHBISHOP, s. A chief bishop. G. archos, chief, and bishop. 
 c* 29 
 
ARC— ARM 
 
 ARCHAIOL'OGY. s. A discourse on antiquity. G. archios, ancient, 
 and logos, a word. 
 
 ARCH'ER. s. One who uses a bow. L. arcus, a bow. 
 
 ARCHETYPE, s. The original. L. archetypus ; G. arche, the be. 
 ginning-, and tupos, a type. See TYPE. 
 
 ARCHIEPIS'COPAL, ARCHEPIS'COPAL. adj. Belonging to an 
 archbishop. G. archos, chief, and episkopos, an overseer. See 
 EPISCOPAL. 
 
 ARCHTTECT. s. A professor of the art of building. L. architectus : 
 G. archos, chief, and tekton, a builder. 
 
 ARCHTTRAVE. s. The moulding next above the capital of a column : 
 in timber buildings, it is called the master-beam. G. arche, chief, 
 and L. trabs, a beam. 
 
 ARCHTVES. s. A place for public records ; or the records themselves. 
 L. archiva ; G. arche, a government. 
 
 ARCHON. s. One of the nine chief magistrates of Athens. G. archon, 
 from arche, a chief. 
 
 ARCTIC, adj. Relating to the arctic circle, or to the north. G. arktos, 
 a bear ; the name given to the northern constellation. 
 
 ARCUA'TION. s. Act of bending; curvity. L. arcus, an arch or 
 bow. 
 
 AR'DENT. adj. Hot ; eager. L. ardens ; from ardeo, to burn. 
 
 AR'DUOUS. adj. Difficult. L. arduus, inaccessible; lofty; danger- 
 ous. 
 
 A'REA. s. A term in mathematics, and architecture. L. area, a va- 
 cant place. See ARENA. 
 
 ARE'NA. s. That part of a theatre which is left vacant for the con- 
 tests, or sports. L. arena, sand ; because the space was strewed 
 with sand. Area appears to be derived from arena. 
 
 AR'GENT. s. The white colour used in coats of arms, which is bright, 
 like silver. L. argenteus : argentum, silver. 
 
 ARGILLA'CEOUS. adj. Partaking of the nature of ciay. L. argil- 
 lacevs : argilla, white clay, such as potters use. 
 
 ARGUE, v. To reason ; to dispute. L. arguo, to show or prove. 
 
 ARGUMEN TUM AD HOMINEM. An argument which derives its 
 strength from its personal application. L. argumentum, an argu- 
 ment, ad, to, homincm, accus, of homo, a man. 
 
 ARTD. adj. Dry ; parched. L. aridus, dry, parched. 
 
 A'RIES. s. A sign of the zodiac. L. aries, a ram. 
 
 ARISTOCRACY, s. A government by nobles. G. aristos, best, or 
 most eminent, and krateo, to govern : meaning, where the most 
 powerful men govern. 
 
 ARITH'METIC. s. The science of numbers. L. arithmetica : G. 
 arithmos, a number. 
 
 ARITHMOM'ETER. s. An instrument for solving questions in arith- 
 metic. G. arithmos, a number, and metreo, to measure. 
 
 ARK. s. A large chest ; a vessel to swim on the water, as the Ark of 
 Noah. L. area, a chest. — The close rooms in which meal is kept in 
 some parts of Britain, and a species of vessels with which the people 
 of the United States descend their rivers, are called arks. 
 
 ARMIL'LARY. adj. Resembling a bracelet. L. armilla, a bracelet 
 — See Ferguson's description of the globes. 
 
 30 
 
ARM-ASP 
 
 ARMISTICE, s. A cessation of arms, for a short time, by conven- 
 tion; a truce. L. anna, arms, and sisto, to stand still. 
 AROMAT'IC. adj. Spicy ; fragrant. F. aromatique : L. aroma, spice, 
 ARRANGE', v. To place in order ; to settle. F. arranger ; from a, to, 
 
 and rang, a row or rank. 
 AR'RANT. adj. Bad, in a high degree. L. errans, part, of erro, to 
 
 wander. 
 ARRE'AR. s. That which is left unpaid, or not done. F. arriire, be- 
 hind. 
 ARREST', v. To obstruct; to stop; to seize and fix, as to arrest the 
 
 eyes or attention. F. arreter ; L. ad, and resto, to stop ; re, back, 
 
 and sto, to stand. 
 ARRIVE, v. To come ; to reach. F. arriver ; from a, to, and rive, a 
 
 shore, or sloping bank of a river : L. ripa. 
 AR'ROGANCE. s. Undue assumption ; haughtiness. L. arrogans, 
 
 part, of arrogo.— See ARROGATE. 
 AR'ROGATE. v>. To assume unjustly. L. arrogo ; comp. of ad, to, 
 
 and rogo, to demand. 
 ARROW, s. A dart. Derived, through the Saxon, from L. arundo, a 
 
 reed ; because, reeds were used for arrows. 
 ARSENAL, s. A military workshop or magazine. F. arsenal: L. 
 
 ars, an art or trade. 
 AR'SON. s. The malicious burning of another's property: (used by 
 
 lawyers ;) arsum, sup. of ardeo, to burn. 
 AR'TERY. s. A tube or canal which conveys the blood from the heart 
 
 to all parts of the body. G. arteria ; from airo, to take awaj'. 
 AR'TICLE. s. A part of speech ; a particular part. L. articulus, a 
 
 joint. 
 ARTICULATE, v. To pronounce distinctly. L. articulo ; from ar- 
 ticulus, a joint, or point. 
 AR'TIFICE. s. Trick ; stratagem. F. artifice : L. artijicium ; from 
 
 arte, (abl. of ars) by art, and facio, to do. 
 ARTIFICIAL, adj. Made by art; fictitious. See ARTIFICE. 
 ARTIL'LERY. s. Missive weapons ; cannon. F. artillerie ; from art, 
 
 art, and tirailler, to shoot. 
 ASBES'TOS. s. A kind of stone, indestructible by fire. G. asbestos : 
 
 a, not, sbennumi, to extinguish. 
 ASCEND', v. To go upwards. L. ascendo ; from ad, towards, and 
 
 scando, to climb. 
 ASCERTAIN', v. To know surely. L. ad, to, and certain. 
 ASCES'CENT. adj. Growing sour. See ACID. 
 ASCETTC. adj. Retired from the world ; rigid ; austere. F. ascetique : 
 
 G. asketos, exercised, hardened ; from asheo, to exercise. 
 ASCRI'BE. v. To attribute. L. ascribo ; ad, to, and scribo, to write, 
 
 or appoint: meaning, to assign an effect to a particular cause. 
 ASCRIP'TION. s. Act of ascribing. L. ascriptio. See ASCRIBE. 
 ASTECT. s. Appearance ; direction towards. L. aspectus ; from ad, 
 
 ■at, and specto, to look. 
 ASPERTTY. s. Roughness; severity. L. asperitas ; from asper, 
 
 rough. 
 ASPERSE', v. To calumniate. L. aspersum, sup. of aspergo : ad, 
 
 upon, and spargo, to sprinkle. 
 
 31 
 
ASP— ASS 
 
 ASTIRATE. s. A pronunciation formed by a full breathing ; as the 
 
 letter h. L, aspiratus, part, of aspiro, to breathe, or blow. 
 ASPI RE. v. To desire eagerly (with to, or after.) L. aspiro : ad, to, 
 
 and spiro, to breathe. 
 ASSAFGBT'IDA. s. A particular drug. L. assus, unmixed, and foeti- 
 
 dus, bad-smelling matter ; that is, entirely fetid. This word is some- 
 times improperly spelled asafoetida. 
 ASSAIL', v. To assault. F. assailir : L. assilio : ad, at, and salio, to 
 
 leap. 
 ASSAULT', s. An attack or violent onset; in law, an attempt or offer 
 
 to strike another, without touching his person. F. assaut, formerly, 
 
 assault : L. ad, to, and salto, to leap. 
 ASSAY', s. Examination. F. essayer, to try. 
 ASSEM'BLY. s. A meeting of people. F. assembUe; from a, to, and 
 
 semblable, like ; meaning, resembling each other, or of equal quality. 
 
 L. ad, to, and similis, like. Assembly is used in relation to persons 
 
 only ; Assemblage, chiefly in relation to things. 
 ASSENT', f. To agree. L. assentio; ad, with, and seniio, to think. 
 ASSERT', v. To affirm positively ; to aver. L. assertion, sup. of 
 
 assero, to claim or challenge : L. ad, and sero, to sow, — properly, to 
 
 throw or set. 
 ASSESS', v. To apportion, or tax. L. assessum, sup. of assideo ; from 
 
 ad, concerning, and sedeo, to sit; or ad, to, and cessum, sup. of cedo, 
 
 to yield. 
 ASSETS', s. Goods or estate of a deceased person, sufficient to pay 
 
 his debts. But the word sufficient, though expressing the original 
 
 signification of assets, is not, with us, necessary to the definition. 
 
 In the present usage, assets are the money, goods, or estate, of a 
 
 deceased person, subject, by law, to the payment of his debts and 
 
 legacies. F. assez, enough. 
 ASSEVERATE, v. To declare earnestly. L. assevero : ad, to, and 
 
 severiias, seriousness. 
 ASSID'UOUS. adj. Constant in application. L. assiduus : ad, at, and 
 
 sedeo, to sit. 
 ASSIGN', v. To mark out; to convey a right; to appoint, or depute. 
 
 L. assigno ; from ad, for, and signo, to mark. 
 ASSIGNEE', s. One to whom any thing is assigned. See ASSIGN. 
 ASSIM'ILATE. v. To convert to the same nature ; to cause resem- 
 blance. L. assimilo; from ad, to, and similis, like. 
 ASSIST', v. To help ; to aid. L. assisto : ad, to, and sisto, to stand up. 
 ASSI'ZE. s. Regulation: (assizes, meeting of provincial law-courts.) 
 
 F. assis, a sitting; pi. assises : L. ad, at, and sedeo, to sit. 
 ASSOCIATE, v. To join as a companion ; to unite. L. associo : ad, 
 
 to, and socivs, a companion. 
 ASSORT', v. To place in classes. F. assoriir : L. ad, to, and sors, a 
 
 kind. 
 ASSUAGE', v. To mitigate; to ease. L. ad, to, and suadeo, to per- 
 suade, or counsel. 
 ASSUA'SIVE. adj. Softening. L. ad, to, and sausio, a counselling. 
 
 See ASSUAGE. 
 ASSU'ME. v. To take ; to usurp. L. assumo : from ad, to, and sumo, 
 
 to take. 
 
 32 
 
ASS— ATT 
 
 ASSUMP'SIT. An action of assumpsit lies against a builder, or any 
 
 other person, who has failed to perform^his contract. L. assumpsit, 
 
 (from assumo,) he undertook. 
 ASSURE, v. To give confidence ; to insure. F. assurer : L. ad, to, 
 
 and securus, safe. 
 AS'TERISK. s. A mark (*) used in printing. G. asteriskos, dim. of 
 
 aster, a star. 
 ASTEROI'D. s. Something partaking of the form of a star. G. 
 
 aster, a star, and oidos, form. 
 AST'HMA. s. A difficult, short respiration. G. asthma : from ao, to 
 
 blow. 
 ASTONTSH. v. To confound ; to amaze. F. etonner, (formerly eston- 
 
 ner) : L. ad, at, and tono, to thunder. 
 ASTOUND', v. To astonish, (a vulgarism.) F. etonner, (formerly 
 
 estonner.) See ASTONISH. 
 AS'TRAL. adj. Relating to the stars. L. astrum, a star. 
 ASTRIC'TION. s. Act of contracting, by medical applications. L. 
 
 astrictio ; from astrictus, p. part, of astringo, to tie or bind. 
 ASTRIN'GENT. adj. Contracting. L. astringens, part, of astringo : 
 
 from ad, to, and stringo, to truss up, or bind. 
 AS'TROLABE. s. An instrument formerly used for ascertaining lati- 
 tudes. G. astron, a star, and lamhano, to take. 
 ASTROL'OGY. s. The pretended science of foretelling by the stars. 
 
 L. astrologia : G. astron, a star, and logos, a discourse. 
 ASTRON'OMY. s. Knowledge of the heavenly bodies. G. astrono- 
 
 mia ; from astron, a star, and nomos, a law or rule. 
 AS'TROSCOPE. s. An astronomical instrument, by means of which 
 
 the stars may easily be known. G. astron, a star, and skopeo, to 
 
 view. 
 ASTU'TE. adj. Subtle ; cunning. L. astutus, from astus, craft. 
 ASYLUM, s. Place of safety. L. asylum : G. a, without, and sulon, 
 
 part, of sulao, to plunder : meaning, free from robbery, or hnrt. 
 ATHEIST, s. One who denies the existence of God. G. a, without, 
 
 and Theos, God. 
 ATHLETIC, adj. Of a strong and vigorous body. L. athleticus : G. 
 
 athletes, a wrestler ; athleo, to contend. 
 AT'MOSPHERE. s. The air which surrounds the earth. G. atmos, 
 
 vapour, and sphaira, a sphere. 
 ATOM, s. A very small particle. G. atomos ; from a, not, and temno, 
 
 to cut : meaning, that it cannot be divided. 
 ATRO'CITY. s. Horrible wickedness. L. atrocitas ; atrox, cruel : 
 
 ater, black. 
 ATROPHY, s. Debility, for want of due nourishment. G. atrophia ; 
 
 from a, not, and trepho, to nourish. 
 
 ATTACH', v. To join ; to arrest. F. attacher : L. ad, at or to, and 
 
 tactum, sup. of tango, to touch. 
 ATTACK', v. To assault an enemy ; to begin a contest. F. attaquer : 
 
 L. ad, to or against, and tactus, p. part, of tango, to touch. 
 ATTAIN', v. To reach, come to, or arrive at. F. atteindre : L. at- 
 
 tingo : ad, to, and tango, to touch. 
 ATTAIND'ER. s. By attainder, the estate of the convicted person 
 
 33 
 
ATT— AUR 
 
 reverts to his superior lord ; and his blood is, in a legal sense, so 
 
 corrupted, as to be no longer inheritable. See ATTAINT. 
 ATTAINT', v. To disgrace ; particularly, by conviction of felony or 
 
 treason. L. attinctus, p. part, of attingo : ad, to, and lingo, to stain. 
 ATTEMPT', v. To endeavour. L. attento ; from ad, at, and tento, 
 
 to try. 
 ATTEND', v. To give attention, or aid ; to be present at. L. attendo ; 
 
 from ad, to, and tendo, to stretch out. 
 ATTEN'T ION. s. Act of attending to, or heeding ; act of civility. 
 
 See ATTEND. 
 ATTEN'UATE. v. To make thin, or slender. L. attenuo ; comp. of 
 
 ad, to, and tenuis, slender. 
 ATTEST', v. To sign as a witness ; to bear witness. L. attestor; from 
 
 ad, to, and testis, a witness. 
 ATTI'RE. v. To dress ; to habit; to array. F. attirer ; tirer, to draw : 
 
 L. ad, to, and traho, to draw. 
 ATTRACT", v. To draw towards. L. attractum, sup. of attraho ; from 
 
 ad, towards, and traho, to draw. 
 ATTRIB'UTE. v. To ascribe. L. attribuo: ad, to, and tribuo, to give. 
 ATTRIBUTE, s. The thing attributed, or belonging, to another. See 
 
 the verb. 
 ATTRI'TION. s. Act of wearing things by rubbing. L. attritio : ad, 
 
 against, and tritus, p. part, of tero, to rub. 
 AUBURN, adj. Brown ; of a dark colour. F. brun, brown. 
 AUCTION, s. A mode of sale. L. audio : auctus, p. part, of augeo. 
 
 to increase, (from a small, to a greater, price.) 
 AUDA'CIOUS. adj. Impudently daring. F. audacieux : L. audacis, 
 
 gen. of audax, bold ; audeo, to dare. 
 AUDIBLE, adj. Loud enough to be heard. L. audibilis; from audio, 
 
 to hear. -. 
 
 AU'DIENCE. s. The act of hearing ; hearers. F. audience : L. au- 
 
 diens, part, of audio, to hear. 
 AUDIT, v. To review or examine the accounts of another. See 
 
 AUDITOR. 
 AU'DITOR. s. A hearer ; an examiner of public accounts. L. auditor ; 
 
 from audio, to hear. 
 AU FAIT. " He is quite au fait, in those things;" a French phrase, 
 
 implying a certain familiarity with, or mastery of a subject. 
 AUGMENT', v. To increase ; to become larger, or more. L. augmen, 
 
 an increase : augeo, to create, or increase. 
 AU'GUR. v. Amongst the Romans, an officer whose duty was to fore- 
 
 tel future events, by the singing, chattering, flight, and feeding of 
 
 birds. L. augur : from avis, a bird. 
 AUGUST', adj. Great ; magnificent. L. augustus, venerable, noble. 
 AU'GUST. s. The eighth month. L. Augustus Ctesar. See AU- 
 GUST'. 
 AU'LIC. adj. Pertaining to a royal eourt. The epithet is probably 
 
 now confined to the German empire, where it is used to designate 
 
 certain courts, or officers composing the courts. L. aulicus : aula, 
 
 a hall. 
 AURE'LIA. s. The first apparent change of the maggot of insects. 
 
 L. aurum, gold. 
 
 34 
 
AUR— AVI 
 
 AURICULAR, adj. Within the sense or reach of hearing; secret. 
 
 L. auricularis : auris, the ear. 
 AU'RIST. s. An ear-surgeon. L. auris, an ear. 
 
 AURO'RA BOREA LIS. s. A luminous meteor, peculiar to the north- 
 ern latitudes. L. aurora, the morning, (meaning, light,) and borea- 
 
 lis, belonging to the north. 
 AUSTICE. s. An omen ; protection. L. auspicium ; from auspex, a 
 
 soothsayer or diviner, who observes the motion and number of birds : 
 
 from avis, a bird, and specio, to behold. 
 AUSPI'CIOUS. adj. Having omens of success ; favourable ; kind. 
 
 See AUSPICE. 
 AUSTE'RE. adj. Harsh; of a distant manner. L. austerus : G.aus- 
 
 teros : from auo, to dry up. 
 AUS'TRAL. adj. Southern. L. australis ; from auster, the south. 
 AUTHEN'TIC. adj. Proceeding from sufficient authority. L. au- 
 
 thenticus : G. authentes, an author. 
 AUTH'OR. s. One who first effects, or produces any thing. L. auc- 
 
 tor ; from auctus, p. part, of augeo, to increase, or create. 
 AUTHOR'ITY. s. Testimony; influence; power. From author : be- 
 cause, authority, in its various significations, must proceed from its 
 
 proper source, — the author. 
 AUTOBIOG'RAPHY. s. Memoirs of any person, written by himself. 
 
 G. autos, self, and BIOGRAPHY. 
 AU'TOCRAT. s. An absolute prince. G. autos, self, and kratos, 
 
 power. 
 AU'TOGRAPH. s. A particular person's own handwriting ; or the 
 
 original manuscript, in opposition to a copy. G. autographon ; from 
 
 autos, self, and grapho, to write. 
 AUTOM'ATON. s. A machine, which has a power of motion within 
 
 itself. G. automaton ; autos, self, and maomai, to be moved. 
 AUXIL'IARY. s. An assistant. L. auxiliarius : G. auxo, to increase. 
 AVAIL', v. To aid in promoting ; to profit. L. valeo, to be strong, or 
 
 to serve. 
 A'VALANCHES. s. Prodigious snow-balls, that frequently roll down 
 
 the mountains in Savoy. F. avalanches : avaler, to fall down. 
 AV ANT-COURIER, s. A messenger, sent forward to announce the 
 
 approach of some great personage. F. avant, before, and courier. 
 AVARICE, s. Insatiable desire of wealth. L. avaritia ; from aveo, 
 
 to covet. 
 AVENGE', v. To punish in behalf of another. F. venger : L. vinco, 
 
 to conquer or subdue. Revenge is to punish in behalf of one's-self. 
 AVENUE, s. A way of approach. F. avenue : L. ad, to, and venio, 
 
 to come. 
 AVER', v. To declare solemnly. F. averer : L. ad, to, and verum, the 
 
 truth. 
 AVERAGE, v. To fix one degree of value on things of various quali- 
 ties. L. averagium : ad, to, verum, truth, and ago, to bring. 
 AVERSE', adj. Unfavourable ; opposed. L. aversus. See AVERT. 
 AVERT', v. To turn from ; to turn aside. L. averto ; comp. of a, 
 
 from, and verto, to turn. 
 A'VIARY. s. A place inclosed for birds. L. avis, a bird. 
 AVID'IT Y. s. Greediness ; eagerness. L. aviditas : aveo, to desire. 
 
 35 
 
AVO— BAN 
 
 AVOCA'TION. s. Business which calls a person away from his usual 
 
 employment. L. avocatio ; a, from, and voco, to call. 
 AVOID', v. To shun ; to decline ; to escape. See VOID. 
 AVOIRDUPOI'S. adj. A kind of weight, having sixteen ounces in a 
 
 pound. F. avoir du poids, to have just weight : probably, the statute, 
 
 mercantile weight, introduced into England, by the Normans. 
 AVOUCH', v. To affirm ; to produce or call in. See VOUCH. 
 AVOW. v. To declare with confidence ; to own or confess. F. avouer : 
 
 L. advoveo : ad, to, and voveo, to vow. 
 AVUL'SION. s. Act of pulling one thing from another. L. avulsio : 
 
 a, from, and vulsus, p. part, ofvello, to pull or pluck. 
 AXIOM, s. A proposition evident at the first view, and which cannot 
 
 be made plainer by demonstration. G. axioma ; from axio-o, to be 
 
 thought worthy [of belief] 
 AXTS. s. The line, real or imaginary, that passes through any thing, 
 
 and on which it may revolve. L. axis : G. axon ; ago, to conduct, 
 AZOTE, s. Nitrogen ; that part of the atmospheric air which will not 
 
 support life. F. azote : G. a, not, and zao, to live. 
 A'ZURE. adj. Light blue. F. azur, a sky-coloured mineral. 
 
 B. 
 
 BACCHANALIAN, s. A riotous, drunken person. L. bacchanalia, 
 
 the feast of Bacchus, the god of wine. 
 BACCIF'EROUS. adj. Producing berries. L. baccifer : bacca, a berry, 
 
 and fero, to bear. 
 BADINAGE, s. Playful conversation. F. badinage ; from badin, 
 
 waggish, merry. 
 BAGATELLE', s. A trifle. F. bagatelle, dim. of baggage, goods of 
 
 any kind. 
 BAIL. s. In law, is derived from the F. battler^ to deliver ; because 
 
 the defendant is bailed or delivered to his sureties, upon their giving 
 
 security for his appearance ; and is supposed to continue in their 
 
 friendly custody, instead of going to jail. 
 BAL'ANCE. s. An instrument for weighing ; difference of weight or 
 
 amount. F. balance : L. bilanx : bis, double, and lanx, a broad plate, 
 
 or dish. 
 BALE. s. A large bundle. F. bale, a ball. 
 BALIS'TA. s. A warlike instrument, anciently used to throw stones 
 
 and darts. L. balista ; from the G. ballo, to throw. 
 BALL. s. An entertainment of dancing. F. bal : G. ballizo, to dance ; 
 
 from ballo, to throw, (meaning the legs.) 
 BALLOON', s. A spheroid, formed of silk ; which, when inflated by 
 
 hydrogen gas, or rarefied air, ascends. F. balloon ; from bale, a ball. 
 BALLOT, s. A mode of giving votes. F. balote, a little ball used at 
 
 elections. Balloting balls are of different colours ; a white ball de- 
 notes approbation ; a black one, dislike. In the United States, small 
 
 tickets are used. 
 BANK'RUPT. s. One who cannot pay his debts. Saxon, bane, a 
 
 heap, (alluding to the money accumulated in banks,) and L. ruptus, 
 
 p. part, of rumpo, to break. 
 
 36 
 
BAP— BEN 
 
 BAPTI'ZE. v. To administer baptism ; to christen. G. baptizo, to 
 wash, dip, or besprinkle. 
 
 BAR'BAROUS. adj. Uncivilized ; cruel. L. barbarus : G. barbaros, 
 foreign. The Greeks and Romans applied this term to denote want 
 of civilization, as we do at the present time. 
 
 BARB'ED. adj. Pointed as an arrow, or a fishing-hook. L. barba, a 
 beard. 
 
 BAR'BER. s. A man who. shaves beards for hire. F. barbier : L. 
 barba, a beard. 
 
 BAROM'ETER. s. An instrument for ascertaining the pressure of the 
 atmosphere. G. baros, weight, and metreo, to measure. 
 
 BASE. s. The lower part, as of a column. See BASIS. 
 
 BASE. adj. Mean, dishonest. See ABASE. 
 
 BA'SILISK. s. A kind of serpent, which is said to affright away by 
 hissing, and to kill by looking, G. basiliskos ; basileus, a king. 
 
 BAS'IS. s. The foundation ; first principle. G. and L. basis, the lower 
 part or base of a pillar. 
 
 BATCH'ELOR, BACHELOR, s. A man unmarried; a man who 
 takes his first degrees, at a university ; a knight of the lowest order. 
 The etymology of this word is uncertain. " The second and most 
 numerous class of chivalric heroes, consisted of knights, who were 
 originally called bas-chevaliers, in contradistinction to the first class ; 
 but, in process of time, the word batchelor designated the esquire, 
 rather than the cavalier himself." — Mills' Chivalry, 35. 
 
 BATH'OS. s. The art of sinking in poetry, or other literary composi- 
 tion. G. bathos, the bottom. 
 
 BATON, s. A marshal's staff. F. baton : L. batuo, to beat. 
 
 BATTERY, s. Act of battering; a number of cannon used for bat- 
 tering, or the frame upon which they are mounted ; a violent striking 
 or laying hold of any person. F. batterie : L. batuo, to 'strike. 
 
 BAWL. v. To cry aloud. L. balo, to bleat as a sheep. 
 
 BEAT. v. To strike, or conquer. L. batuo, to strike. 
 
 BEATIFY, v. To bless. L. beatifico; from beatus, happy, and facio, 
 to make : beo, to bless. 
 
 BEATITUDE, s. Superior degree of happiness. L. beatiludo ; from 
 beatus, happy : beo, to bless. 
 
 BE A U MONDE. The gay or fashionable world. F. beau, fine, and 
 monde, the world. 
 
 BEAUTY, s. An assemblage of graces, or an assemblage of proper- 
 ties in the form of the person or any other object which pleases the 
 eve. F. beaute : beau, handsome. 
 
 BEAUX ESPRITS. Men of wit. F. beaux, pi. of beau, pleasant, 
 and esprits, pi. of esprit, a spirit. 
 
 BEEF. s. Flesh of an ox, bull, or cow. F. boeuf: L. bovis, gen. of 
 bos, an ox, bull, or cow. 
 
 BELLES LETTRES. s. Polite Literature, (with the,) pronounced 
 bel-letter. F. les belles lettres, polite learning. 
 
 BELLI'GERENT. s. A party in a war. L. belligerans, part, of belli, 
 gero: bellum, war, and gero, to carry on. 
 
 BENEDICTION, s. A blessing. L. benedictio : bene, well, and dic- 
 tio, an expression : dico, to say. 
 
 o 37 
 
BEN— BIS 
 
 BENEFACTOR, s. One who confers a benefit. L. bene, well, and 
 
 facio, to do. 
 BENEFICE, s. An ecclesiastical living. . L. benejicium, an obliga- 
 tion. See BENEFACTOR. 
 BENEFTCENT. adj. Kind; doing good. L. benefaciens : part, of 
 
 benefacio. See BENEFACTOR. 
 BENEFIT, s. Favour conferred ; advantage ; profit. L. benejicium. 
 
 See BENEFACTOR. 
 BENEVOLENT, adj. Well-inclined; charitable. L. benevolens ; bene, 
 
 well, and volo, to wish. 
 BENIGNITY", s. Graciousness ; goodness. L. benignitas ; from bene, 
 
 well, happily. 
 BES'TIAL. adj. Resembling a beast ; belonging to the class of beasts ; 
 
 beastly ; carnal. L. bestia, a beast. 
 BE'VER. s. That part of the visor of a helmet which could be lifted 
 
 up. Italian, bevere, to drink. L. bibere, (infin. of bibo) to drink. 
 BEVERAGE, s. Drink. Italian, bevere, to drink. L. bibere, (infin. 
 
 of bibo) to drink. 
 BI'AS. s. Inclination, either of matter or mind. F. biais, an oblique 
 
 line, or slope : G. bia, force. 
 BIBBER, s. A tippler. L. bibo, to drink. 
 BTBLE. s. The sacred volume. G. biblion, a book : meaning, by way 
 
 of eminence, The Book. 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY, s. History of books. G. biblos, a book, and gra- 
 
 pho, to write. 
 BIBLIOMA'NIA. s. Book madness ; a rage for possessing rare and 
 
 curious books. G. biblion, a book, and mania, madness. 
 BIBULOUS, adj. Absorbing moisture. L. bibulus ; from bibo, to 
 
 drink. 
 BICOR'NOUS. adj. Having two horns. L. bis, double, and cornu, a 
 
 horn. 
 BIDEN'TAL. adj. Having two teeth. L. bidens : bis, double, and 
 
 dens, a tooth. 
 BIENNIAL, adj. Continuing two years ; occurring every two years. 
 
 L. biennis: from bis, double, and annus, a year. 
 BIF'EROUS. adj. Bearing twice a year. L. biferus ; bis, twice, and 
 
 fero, to bear. 
 BIG'AM Y. s. This word originally signified the having married twice ; 
 
 it now denotes the crime of having two wives, or of having two hus- 
 bands. G. bis, double, and gameo, to marry. 
 BI'NARY. adj. By couples. L. binus ; from bis, double. 
 BIOG RAPHY. s. Personal history. G. bios, life, and grapho, to write. 
 BI'PAROUS. adj. Having two at a birth. L. bis, double, and pario, 
 
 to bring forth. 
 BIPAR'TITE. adj. Having two parts. L. bipartitus, part, of bipar- 
 
 tior : bis, twice, and partior, to divide. 
 BITED. s. An animal having two feet. L. bipedis, gen. of bipes ; bis, 
 
 double, and pes, a foot. 
 BIPET'ALOUS. adj. Consisting of two flower leaves ; having two 
 
 petals. L. bis, twice, and petalon, a leaf. 
 BIS'CUIT. s. Hard bread. F. biscuit: L. bis, twice, and F. cuit, part 
 
 of cuire, to bake. 
 
 38 
 
BIS— BRA 
 
 BISECT', v. To divide into two parts. L. binus, by couples, and seco, 
 to cut. 
 
 BISHOP, s. One who is placed over several churches. Derived, 
 through the Saxon, from L. episcopus : G. epi, over, and skopeo, to 
 look. 
 
 BISSEX'TILE. adj. Relating to every fourth, or leap year. L. bis- 
 sextiles. In the Roman Calendar, both the 24th and 25th of Febru- 
 ary were denominated sexto Kalendas Mar lias ; hence, the redupli- 
 cative term, bis, twice, is prefixed to sextilis, which relates to the 
 sixth of the Kalends of March. See Adams's Rom. Ant. 330, 331. 
 
 BITUMINOUS, adj. Having the qualities of bitumen ; pitchy. L. 
 bitumen, a kind of fit clay or slime, like pitch. 
 
 BLANCH, v. To whiten. F. blanchir ; from blanc, white. 
 
 BLAND, adj. Mild ; gentle. L. blandus, kind. 
 
 BLANDIL'OQUENCE. s. Fair, mild, flattering speech. L. blandus, 
 mild, and loquor, to speak. 
 
 BLANDISHMENT, s. Act of fondness ; caresses. L. blanditia. See 
 BLAND. 
 
 BLANK, s. A space not written upon ; unproductive result of a lottery 
 chance. F. blanc, white : that is, having the white paper visible. 
 
 BLANK'ET. s. A woolen cloth used in a printing-press, or for cover- 
 ing a bed. F. blanchet : blanche, white. 
 
 BLASPHE'ME. v. To speak irreverently of religion. G. blasphemeo : 
 blax, impious, and phemi, to say. 
 
 BLEMISH, v. To mark with any deformity; to tarnish; to defame. 
 F. blemir : bleme, pale, wan. 
 
 BOIL. v. To be agitated by heat. F. bouillir : L. bullio ; from bulla, 
 a bubble. 
 
 BOIL. s. A vulgar term for a bile. From the verb, to boil ; alluding 
 to the form of a bile, — that of a bubble. 
 
 BO'LUS. s. A large pill. L. bolus, a lump. 
 
 BOMB. s. A hollow ball, filled with gunpowder. F. bombe : L. bom- 
 bus, a buzzing noise. 
 
 BOM'BAST. s. Inflated language. L. bombus, a buzzing noise. 
 
 BONA FIDE. Actually; really. The phrase is also used adjectively, 
 for actual, real. L. bona, (from bonus,) in good, and fide, (from 
 fides,) faith. 
 
 BON MOT. A witty expression. F. bon, good, and mot, a word, or 
 saying. 
 
 BONNE BOUCHE. A nice or sweet morsel. F. bonne, fern, of bon, 
 good, and bouche, the mouth. 
 
 BON VIVANT. A luxurious person. F. bon, well, and vivant, part. 
 ofvivre, to live. 
 
 BOTANY, s. The science of plants. G. botane, an herb. 
 
 BOUNTY, s. Generosity ; pecuniary encouragement. F. bonte : L. 
 bonitas ; bonus, good. 
 
 BOURN, s. A bound, a limit. F. borne, a limit. 
 
 BOX. s. A case rmide of wood or other substance. F. bois, wood. 
 
 BRACE, v. To make firm. F. embrasser, to embrace: en, in, and 
 bras, an arm. L. in, and brachium. 
 
 BRACE, s. That which holds any thing tight ; a couple : two in com- 
 pany. See the verb. 
 
 39 
 
BRA— CAB 
 
 BRACE'LET. s. An ornament for the arm. F. bracelet; from bras, 
 an arm. 
 
 BREVET', s. A brevet-officer is one, who holds a command higher in 
 rank, than that expressed in his commission. F. from the L. brevis, 
 short. 
 
 BRE'VIARY. s. An abridgment; a book containing the daily service 
 of the Roman church. F. breviare : L. breviarivm : brevis, short. 
 
 BREVITY, s. Conciseness. L. brevitas ; brevis, short. 
 
 BRIDE, s. A woman recently married. F. bride, part, of brider, to 
 restrain. 
 
 BRI'DLE. s. The reins, &c. used for governing a horse. F. bride ; 
 from brider, to restrain. 
 
 BRIEF, s. An abridged writing ; a lawyer's written instructions. F. 
 brief. See the adjective. 
 
 BRIEF, adj. Concise. F. brief: L. brevis, short. 
 
 BRILLIANT, adj. Shining; splendid. F. brillant : briller, to shine. 
 
 BRONZE, s. Brass ; a metal composed of copper and tin. F. bronze, 
 cast copper or brass. 
 
 BRUIT, s. Rumour; report. F. bruit: from bruire, to make a noise. 
 
 BRU'MAL. adj. Belonging to winter. L. brumalis : G. brugmos, a 
 roaring noise. 
 
 BRUNETTE', s. A pretty female, with a brown complexion. F. bru- 
 nette, (dim. of brun, brown,) a little girl who is brown. 
 
 BRUTE, s. An animal without reason. L. brutus, insensible, irra- 
 tional : G. barutes, heaviness ; baros, weight. 
 
 BUCOLTC. adj. Pastoral. L. bucolicus: G. boulcolika ; from boulcolos, 
 a cowherd. 
 
 BUFFET', s. A cup-board ; a place at a public entertainment, where 
 refreshments are kept. F. buffet, a cup-board. 
 
 BUL'BOUS. adj. Of a round shape, as the root of a tulip. L. bulbus, 
 an onion, or any round, laminated root. 
 
 BULL. s. In reference to the pope, a papal mandate. F. bulle ; from 
 the L. bulla;, ornaments, of the figure of a heart, formerly worn by 
 the nobility of the western empire, and afterwards attached to the 
 decrees of the popes. 
 
 BUL'LETIN. s. A military, or other public document. F. bulletin ; 
 bulle, authentic. See BULL. 
 
 BUOY. s. A piece of floating wood or cork, used by mariners and 
 fishermen. F. bouee : bois, wood. 
 
 BUOYANT, adj. Floating light. See BUOY. 
 
 BUR'SAR. s. The treasurer of a college. L. bursarius ; from bursa, 
 a purse. 
 
 BUTLER, s. A servant who takes care of the wines, and superin- 
 tends the table. F. bouteillier ; from bouteille, a bottle. 
 
 C. 
 
 CABTNET. s. A closet, a small room or retired apartment; the se- 
 lect or secret council of a prince or an executive government ; a 
 piece of furniture, consisting of a chest or box, with drawers and 
 doors. F. cabinet : cabane, a cabin or cottage. 
 
 40 
 
CAC— CAL 
 
 CAC'OCHYMY. s. An unhealthy state of the animal juices. G, kafco- 
 chumia ; from kakos, bad, and chumos, juice. 
 
 CACOETHES LOQUEN'DI, A too great fondness of speaking; 
 loquacity, L. cacoethes, an evil habit, loquendi, of speaking: cacoe- 
 thes is from G. kakos, bad, and ethos, a habit, 
 
 CACOE THES SCRIBEN'DI. A too great fondness of writing for 
 the public eye, L. cacoethes, an evil habit, scribendi, of writing : 
 cacoethes is from G. kakos, bad, and ethos, a habit. 
 
 CACOPH'ONY. s. A harsh sound of words. G. kakophonia ; kakos, 
 bad, and phonia, a sound. 
 
 CADAVEROUS, adj. Looking like a corpse, L. cadaver, a dead 
 body : cado, to fall. 
 
 CA'DENCE. s. Fall of the voice, &c. F. cadence : L. cadens, part. 
 of cado, to fall. 
 
 CADET', s. A person serving in expectation of an office. F. cadet : 
 L. cado, to be attached to. 
 
 C/ESU'RA. s. A term in prosody, referring to a pause. L. casura ; 
 from cado, to cut. 
 
 CMTERA DE'SUNT. The remainder is wanting. L. catera, pi. 
 of cater, the rest, desunt, (from desum,) are wanting. 
 
 CMTERIS PARIBUS. Other things being equal. L. abl. of cater, 
 and par. 
 
 CALAMTTY. s. Sudden misfortune. L. calamitas ; from calamus, 
 an arrow : because, a calamitous misfortune comes with the swift- 
 ness of an arrow. 
 
 CALCA'REOUS. adj. Of the nature of lime. See CALX. 
 
 CALCI'NE. v. To decompose by burning. F. calciner. See CALX. 
 
 CAL'CULATE. v. To numerate ; to conjecture. L. calculus, a pebble ; 
 by which, numbers were reckoned, by persons ignorant of arithme- 
 tic. 
 
 CAL'DRON. s. A pot ; a boiler. L. caldarium : calidus, hot ; from 
 caleo, to be hot. 
 
 CAL'ENDAR. s. A register of the year ; an almanack ; a list of pri- 
 soners in the custody of the sheriff. L. calendarum : See KA- 
 LENDS. 
 
 CAL'ENDER. v. To press between rollers, for the purpose of making 
 smooth and glossy ; originally, and frequently at the present day, 
 between hot rollers, F. calendrer : L. caleo, to be hot. 
 
 CAL'ENTURE. s. A distemper peculiar to sailors in hot climates. L. 
 caleo, to be hot. 
 
 CALI'BER. s. The diameter of a gun's bore. F. calibre, rate or size. 
 
 CALIDTTY. s. Heat. L. caliditas : calidus, hot. 
 
 CALTG'RAPHY. s. Beautiful writing. G. kaligraphia : kalos, beau- 
 tiful, and grapho, to write. 
 
 CAL'LOUS. adj. Insensible. L. callus, hardness, or hard flesh. 
 
 CAL'LOVV. adj. Without feathers. L. callus, roughness : very young 
 birds are unpleasingly rough, by reason of their projecting 
 quills. 
 
 CALOR'IC. s. The modern chemical name of heat. F. calorique : L. 
 color, heat. 
 
 CALORIFIC, adj. Producing heat. L. calorificus ; color, heat, and 
 facio, to make. 
 
 i>* 41 
 
CAL— CAN 
 
 CALORIM'ETER. s. An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of 
 heat disengaged from any substance that may be an object of expe- 
 riment. L. color, heat, and G. metreo, to measure, 
 CALUM'NIATE. v. To slander. L. calumnior ; from calumnia, a 
 
 false accusation. 
 CALX. s. A burned substance. L. calx, burned lime* 
 CAL'YX. s. The cup of a plant ; that part which surrounds and sup- 
 ports the petals. L, kalyx : G. kalux, that in which any thing is 
 enclosed. 
 CAM'ERA-OBSCU'RA. s. A species of optical machine. L, camera, 
 
 a chamber, and obscura, dark. 
 CAMP. s. A number of military tents. F. camp : L. campus, a field. 
 CAMPAIGN', s. The period of an army's operations in the field, dur- 
 ing one season. F. campagne : L. campus, a field. 
 CAMPESTRAL, adj. Growing in fields. L. campestris ; campus, a 
 
 field. 
 CANAILLE', s. The very lowest of the people ; the rabble. F. ca. 
 
 naille ; from canal, the kennel of a street : alluding to their filth. 
 CAN'CEL. v. To obliterate. F. canceller : L. cancelli, lattice- win- 
 dows : the marks in cancelled writings are often crossed in the form 
 of such windows. 
 CAN'CER. s. A corroding, incurable sore ; (also, a sign of the zodiac ;) 
 cancer, a crab : thus, comparing the gradual decay of the flesh, to 
 the slow motion of a crab. 
 CANDID, adj. Sincere. L. Candidas ; candeo, to shine. 
 CANDIDATE, s. A suitor for any place of honour or profit. L. can. 
 didatus ; from candidus, white : alluding to the custom, amongst 
 the Romans, of his wearing a white garment. 
 CANDLE, s. A light made of wax, spermaceti, or tallow. L. can- 
 
 dela : candeo, to be white, or glitter. 
 CANINE', adj. Relating or belonging to a dog. L. caninus ; canis, 
 
 a dog. 
 CANISTER, s. A case, now made generally of tin ; but formerly of 
 
 canes. L. canistrum ; canna, a cane : G. kanna. 
 CANK'ER. s. A cancerous sore. L. cancer, a crab. See CANCER. 
 CANNIBAL, s. A person who eats human flesh. L. canis, a doer. 
 CANNON, s. A great-gun. F. canon, formerly cannon : L. canna, 
 
 a large tube. 
 CAN'ON. s. A church law. G. kanon, a rule. 
 CAN'ONIZE. v. To declare any person a saint. From canon ; because 
 
 his name is placed in the canon for observing festivals. 
 CANOPY, s. A covering over a throne ; or over a bed ; more gene- 
 rally, a covering over the head. G. konopeion : from konops, a gnat. 
 CANT. v. To preach or talk as a hypocrite. L. canto, to repeat the 
 
 same thing often: cano, to sing. 
 CANTA'TA. s. A poem set to music ; a species of song. Italian ; 
 
 from L. canto, to sing, or repeat often the same thing. 
 CAN'TO. s. Part of a poem. This word is derived, through the Ita- 
 lian, from the L. cantus, a song : meaning, as much as would be 
 sufficient for a song, or for recital in one act. 
 CANTON', v. To distribute an army over a district. F. canton, a 
 province. 
 
 42 
 
CAN -CAR 
 
 CAN'VASS, or CANVAS, s. A kind of cloth. F. canevas : L. can- 
 
 nobis, hemp. 
 CAN'VASS. v. To solicit ; to examine. Etymology unknown : no 
 
 rational affinity appears with canvass, cloth. 
 CANZONET', s. A little song. Italian, canzonetta: L. cano, to 
 
 sing. 
 CA'PABLE. adj. Having a capacity for any particular object. F. ca- 
 pable : L. capio, to take, or contain. 
 CAPACIOUS, adj. Capable of containing much ; internally large. L. 
 
 capax ; from capio. See CAPABLE. 
 CAPE. s. A head-land; the termination of a promontory. F.cap: 
 
 from L. caput, the head. 
 CAP' IAS AD RESPONDENDUM. A writ issued to take the de- 
 fendant, that he may be answerable to the plaintiff. L. capias, that 
 
 you take, (from capio,) ad, for the purpose of, respondendum, (from 
 
 respondeo,) answering. 
 CAP' IAS AD SATISFACIENDUM. A writ issued, after judgment, 
 
 to arrest the defendant, until he shall satisfy the plaintiff. L. capias, 
 
 that you take, ad, for the purpose of, satisfaciendum, (from satisfa- 
 
 cio,) satisfying. 
 CAPIL'LARY. adj. Resembling hairs ; relating to very small tubes. 
 
 L. capillaris ; capillus, a hair. 
 CAPITAL, adj. Affecting the head, or life; chief. F. capital: L. 
 
 capiialis : caput, the head. 
 CAPTTAL. s. Head%f a pillar ; chief town ; stock of a trader or 
 
 company. See the adjective. 
 CAPITA'TION. s. A capitation -tax is laid on the person. L. caput, 
 
 the head. 
 CAPIT'ULATE. v. To surrender by agreement. L. capitulatim, by 
 
 heads, or chapters ; caput, the head : the terms of surrender being 
 
 written in the form of distinct heads or articles. 
 CA'PRICORN. s. A sign of the zodiac. L. capricornus : caper, a 
 
 goat, and cornu, a horn. 
 CAP'TAIN. s. A commander ; a term generally restricted to an offi- 
 cer who commands a single company of soldiers, or a single ship. 
 
 F. capitaine : L. caput, the head. 
 CAPTION, s. An arrest, &c. L. captio. See CAPTIVE. 
 CAP'TIOUS. adj. Caviling. L. captiosus : capto, to surprise, or 
 
 catch ; capio, to take. 
 CAPTIVATE, v. To delight highly; figuratively, to enslave. L. 
 
 captivo. See CAPTIVE. 
 CAPTIVE, s. One taken in war ; a prisoner. L. captivus : captus, 
 
 (p. part, of capio,) taken. 
 CAP'TOR. s. He that takes a prisoner, or prize. L. capio, to take. 
 
 See CAPTIVE. 
 CAP'UCMIN. s. A monk of the reformed order of Franciscans. F. 
 
 capucin : from capuce, or capuchon, a cowl, or large hood ; by which 
 
 that order are particularly distinguished. 
 CAR. s. A small vehicle, moved on wheels, usually drawn by one 
 
 horse ; a large carriage to convey passengers, &c. on a rail-road. L. 
 
 currus : curro, to run. 
 CAR'BON. s. The basis of charcoal. F. charbon : L. carbo, a coal. 
 
 43 
 
CAR— CAS 
 
 CAR'BUNCLE. s. A jewel which shines in the dark ; a red spot, or 
 
 pimple on the body. L. carbunculus, dim. of carlo, a coal. 
 CARD. s. Thick paper, formed of several layers pasted together. F. 
 
 carle: L. charta, (pronounced carta,) paper : also, an instrument used 
 
 in combing wool, &c. ; from the Dutch kaarde, 
 CARDINAL, adj. Principal. L. cardinalis, belonging to a hinge ; 
 
 cardo, a hinge ; because, inferior things are imagined to depend or 
 
 turn on the cardinal, as a door upon its hinge. 
 CAR'DINAL. s. One of the chief governors of the Roman church. 
 
 See the adjective. 
 CAREEN', v. To lay a vessel on one side, in order to repair the other ; 
 
 to incline to one side, as a ship under a press of sail. F. carener : 
 
 L. carina, the keel or bottom of a ship. 
 CARE'ER. s. Course of rapid action. F. carriere : L. carrus, a car : 
 
 from curro, to run. 
 CARESS', v. To treat in a kind, or loving manner. F. caresser : L. 
 
 carus, dear. 
 CARET, s. A grammatical point (a.) L. caret, there is [something] 
 
 wanting. 
 CARMIN'ATIVE. s. A medicine for expelling wind. L. cardiacus, 
 
 griped, and minuo, to lessen. 
 CAR'NAGE. s. Heaps of flesh ; immense slaughter. F. carnage : L. 
 
 carnis, gen. of caro, flesh. 
 CARNAL, adj. Fleshly ; not spiritual ; lustful. F. carnal : L. carnis, 
 
 gen. of caro, flesh. 
 CARNATION, s. The name of a pink flower. F. carnation : L. car- 
 
 nis, gen. of caro, flesh ; because, that species is flesh-coloured. 
 CARNIVAL, s. A feast before Lent. F. carnaval : L. carnis, gen. 
 
 of caro, flesh, and valeo, to take leave, or bid farewell. 
 CARNIVOROUS, adj. Having a natural inclination to eat flesh. L. 
 
 carnivorus : carnis, gen. of caro, flesh, and voro, to devour 
 CARP. v. To cavil. L. carpo, to pluck, or find fault. 
 CAR'PENTER. s. An artificer in wood. F. charpentier : carpe.ns, 
 
 part, of carpo, to carve, separate, or divide. 
 CAR'RION. s. Flesh unfit for the food of man. F. charogne : from 
 
 carter, to rot. 
 CARTE-BLANCHE, s. An unlimited commission. F. carte, a card, 
 
 and blanche, white, or unwritten. 
 CARTEL', s. A writing containing stipulations between enemies, 
 
 generally relating to an exchange of prisoners ; a vessel sailing 
 
 under those stipulations. F. cartel. See CHARTER. 
 CAR'TILAGE. s. A smooth, and solid body, softer than a bone, but 
 
 harder than a ligament. L. cartilago, a cartilage, or gristle. 
 CARTOON', s. A painting or drawing on large paper. F. carton : 
 
 L. charta, paper. 
 CARTRIDGE, s. A gun-charge, generally in paper. F. carte, strong 
 
 paper. L. charta. 
 CASCA'DE. s. A waterfall. F. cascade : L. casus, p. part of cado, to 
 
 fall. 
 CASE. s. State of any thing; event ; variation of a noun. L. casus: 
 
 from cado, to fall, or happen. 
 CASTANET', s. Small shells of ivory, or hard wood, which dancers 
 
 44 
 
CAS— CAU 
 
 rattle in their hands. Spanish castanela ; from the L. castanea, a 
 
 chesnut, because of their resemblance to two chesnuts. 
 CAS'TIGATE. v. To chastise; to. punish. L. castigo ; from castus, 
 
 pure, and ago, to make. 
 CASTRAME TA'TION. s. Science of measuring and laying out the 
 
 ground for an encampment. L. castra, a camp, and G. metreo, to 
 
 measure. 
 CAS'UAL. adj. Accidental. F. casuel: L. casus, a chance; cado, to fall. 
 CAS'UIST. s. One who justifies evil actions by argument. F. casu- 
 
 iste : L. casus, an event, occasion, or emergency. 
 CATACHRE'SIS. s. Abuse of words. G. katachresis : from kata, 
 
 against, and chresis, use. 
 CATACOMBS, s. Places for the dead. L. catacumba : G. kata, 
 
 against, and kumbos, a hollow place : alluding to the body being 
 
 placed perpendicularly in a niche. 
 CATALOGUE, s. A list. L. catalogus : G. katalogos : kata, accord- 
 ing to, and logos, a word, or description. 
 CATAPLASM, s. A poultice. G. kataplasma : kata, over, and plasso, 
 
 to spread. 
 CATARACT, s. A waterfall. L. cataracta: G. kataraktes : kata, 
 
 against, and rasso, to break, or cast down. 
 CATARRH', s. An issue of humour from the glands, about the head 
 
 and throat. G. katarrheo, to flow from. 
 CATASTROPHE', s. Terminating event; unhappy confusion. G. 
 
 katastroplie : kata, against, and strepho, to turn. 
 CAT'ECHISE. v. To question minutely. G. katechizo : kata, into, 
 
 and echeo, to sound. 
 CATEGOR'ICAL. adj. Absolute ; direct. G. kata, according to, and 
 
 agoreo, to speak. 
 CATEGORY, s. In logic, a series or order of all the predicates or 
 
 attributes contained under a genus. G. kategoria : kata, against, 
 
 and agoreo, to speak to an assembly. 
 CATENARIAN, adj. Resembling a chain. L. catena, a chain. 
 CATHAR'TIC. adj. Purgative. G. kathartikos : kathairo, to purge ; 
 
 kata, from, and airo, to remove. 
 CATHE'DRAL. s. The head church of a diocese. L. cathedra : G. 
 
 kathedra, a chair, in which declamations are made, or lectures read. 
 CATH'OLIC. adj. Universal. F. catholique : G. katholikos : kata, 
 
 throughout, and holos, the whole. 
 CATHOLTCON. s. Something of universal application or use. See 
 
 CATHOLIC. 
 CATOPTRICS, s. That part of optics which relates to vision by re- 
 flection. G. katoptron, a looking-glass : kata, against, and optomai, 
 
 to see. 
 CAU'DAL. adj. Relating or belonging to the tail. L. cauda, a tail. 
 CAU'DLE. s. A kind of warm drink, composed of wine and other 
 
 materials, prepared for the sick, and also given to the visiters of a 
 
 lady after her confinement. 
 CAUSE, s. That which effects; subject of litigation ; party. L. causa, 
 
 a cause. 
 CAUSIDTCAL. adj. Relating to a suit at law, or to a lawyer. L. cau. 
 
 sidicus, a lawyer : causa, a cause, or law-suit, and dico, to speak. 
 
 45 
 
CAU— CEN 
 
 CAUSTIC, adj. Destroying the texture of any thing, by its hot, cor- 
 rosive nature. G. kauslikos : kaio, to burn. 
 
 CAU'TERY. s. An iron used by. surgeons for burning the flesh; a 
 caustic substance. F. cautere : G. kauter : kaio, to burn. 
 
 CAU'TION. s. Regard to, or notice of, danger ; prudence ; foresight. 
 
 F. caution ; L. cautus, p. part, of caveo, to beware. 
 CAVALCA'DE. s. A procession of persons on horseback. F. caval- 
 cade. See CAVALRY. 
 
 CAVALI'ER. s. A horseman, or knight. F. cavalier; from cheval, 
 
 a horse. 
 CAVALRY, s. Men mounted on horses, and armed for war. F. ca- 
 
 valerie ; from cheval, a horse. 
 CAVE. s. A large hole under ground. L. cavum : cavo, to make 
 
 hollow. 
 CAVEAT, s. The name of a legal process, denoting a caution, or in- 
 junction. L. caveat, let him beware : from caveo. 
 CAVTL. v. To object without sufficient cause. L. cavillor: caveo, to 
 
 prevent. 
 CAVITY, s. A hollow place. L. cavitas. See CAVE. 
 CEASE, v. To stop. L. cesso ; from cedo, to retreat. 
 CEDE. v. To yield ; to assign by virtue of a treaty. L. cedo, to yield. 
 CEIL. v. To overlay or cover the inner roof of a building. F. ciel ; 
 
 L. ccelum, heaven. 
 CEL'EBRATE. v. To solemnize ; to make famous. L. celebro : ce- 
 
 leber, renowned. 
 CELERITY, s. Swiftness ; despatch. L. celcritas : celer, swift. 
 CELES'TI AL. adj. Heavenly ; relating to the upper regions. L. ce- 
 
 lestis : caelum, heaven. 
 CELTBACY. s. Unmarried state. L. Calebs, or coslebs, unmarried. 
 CEL'LAR. s. A subterranean apartment. L. cella ; (anciently cela ;) 
 
 from celo, to hide. 
 CEL'LULAR. adj. Having small cavities. L. cellula, a little cellar. 
 
 See CELLAR. 
 CEM'ETERY. s. A place for the dead. L. ccemeterium : G. koimete- 
 
 rion : from koimao, to put to sleep. 
 CEN'OBITE, or CCENOBITE. s. One of a religious order, who lives 
 
 in a convent, or in a community, under a certain rule ; in opposition 
 
 to a hermit, who lives in solitude. G. koinos, common, and bios, 
 
 life. 
 CEN'OTAPH. s. A monument for a person buried at another place. 
 
 G. kenotaphion : kenos, empty, and taphos, a sepulchre. 
 CEN'SER. s. A vessel in which incense is burned. F. encensoir : 
 
 L. incensus, p. part, ofincendo, to burn. 
 
 CEN'SOR. s. A corrector ; an examiner. L. censor : censeo, to judge. 
 
 CENSO'RIOUS. adj. Addicted to censuring with severity. See 
 CENSOR. 
 
 CEN'SURE. s. Blame. L. censura. See CENSOR. 
 
 CENSUS, s. An account of the inhabitants, &c, made by public au- 
 thority. L. census. See CENSOR. 
 
 CENT. s. A hundred; a coin, equal to the hundredth part of a dollar. 
 F. cent : L. centum, a hundred. 
 
 CEN'TAUR. s. In mythology, a fabulous being, supposed to be half 
 
 46 
 
CEN— CHA 
 
 man and half horse. L. centaurus ; G. kentauros : kenteo, to spur 
 
 or drive forward, and tauros, a bull. 
 CENTEN'NARY. adj. Relating to a hundred. L. centennarius : 
 
 centum, a hundred. 
 CEN'TIPEDE. s. An insect with many feet. L. centum, a hundred, 
 
 and pedes, (pi. of pes,) feet. 
 CENTRE, s. The middle; that which is equally distant from all ex- 
 tremities. L. centrum : G. kentron, a sharp point, or centre ; from 
 
 kenteo, to prick. 
 CENTRIF'UGAL. adj. Receding from the centre. L. centrum, the 
 
 centre, and fugio, to flee. 
 CENTRIP'ETAL. adj. Approaching the centre. L. centrum, the 
 
 centre, and peto, to seek. 
 CEN'TUPLE. adj. A hundred fold. L. centuplex : centum, a hun- 
 dred, and plico, to fold. 
 CENTU'RION. s. A Roman commander of a hundred men. L. cen- 
 
 turio ; from centum, a hundred. 
 CEN'TURY. s. A hundred ; a hundred years. L. centuria .- centum, 
 
 a hundred. 
 CEPHALTC. adj. Medicinal to the head. F. cephalique : G. kephale, 
 
 the head. 
 CE'RATE. s. An ointment composed chiefly of wax. L. ceratum : 
 
 cera, wax. 
 CERE'CLOTH. s. Cloth dipped in wax or gum. L. cera, wax, and 
 
 cloth. 
 CER'TAIN. adj. Determined; stated; regular; sure; indubitable. 
 
 L. certus ; from cerno, to sift, or separate. 
 CERTIFY, v. To make a formal attestation. F. certifier : L. certus, 
 
 sure, and facio, to make. 
 CERTIORARI, s. A writ to order the record of a cause to be brought 
 
 before a superior court. L. certiorari, to be made more certain. 
 CERU'LEAN. adj. Light blue. L. cceruleus : ccelum, the sky. 
 CER'UMEN. s. The wax formed in the ear. L. cerumen : cera, wax. 
 CESS. s. A tax levied, by its own officers, on a county or a parish. 
 
 L. cessum, sup. ofcedo, to yield. 
 CESSA'TION. s. A stop ; suspension of action. L. cessatio. See 
 
 CEASE. 
 CES'SION. s. Resignation ; assignment. L. cessio ; from cessum, sup. 
 
 of cedo, to vield. 
 CETACEOUS, adj. Of the whale kind. L. cctus : G.ketos, a whale. 
 CETOL'OGY. s. The doctrine or natural history of cetaceous animals 
 
 G. ketos, a whale, and logos, discourse. 
 CHAFE, v. To heat by rubbing; to make angry; to fret. F. chauf. 
 
 fer : L. calfacio : calidus, hot, and facio, to make. 
 CHALTCE. s. A sacramental cup. F. calice : L. calix : G. kulix, a 
 
 cup. 
 CHALYB'EATE. adj. Impregnated with iron or steel. L. chalybs : 
 
 G. clialvps, steel. 
 CHAMA'DE. s. The beat of a drum, indicating a desire for a parley. F. 
 CHAM'OIS. s. A kind of soft leather. F. chamois, a wild goat. 
 CHAMPAIGN', adj. Relating to a flat, open country. F. campagne ; 
 
 from champ : L. campus, a field. 
 
 47 
 
CHA-CHA 
 
 CHAM'PION. s. A warrior ; one who engages in single combat. F. 
 champion : champ : L. campus, a field. 
 
 CHANCEL, s. The place in a church where the altar stands. F, 
 chancel : L. cancelli, lattices ; referring to the enclosure. 
 
 CHAN'CELLOR. s. This word is not placed here for the purpose of 
 exhibiting its etymology ; but, on the contrary, of stating that its 
 derivation has not been satisfactorily ascertained, even by the great- 
 est lawyers. See Blackstone's Com. 
 
 CHANDELIER, s. A branch for candles. F. chandelier ; from chan- 
 delle, a candle. 
 
 CHAN'DLER. s. A maker of candles. F. chandelier : chandelle, a 
 candle. 
 
 CHAN'NEL. s. The hollow bed of running water. F. canal ; L. ca- 
 nalis, a trunk or pipe for the conveyance of water. 
 
 CHANT, v. To sing ; to sing, as in church-service. F. chanter ; L. 
 canto, fieq. of cano, to sing. 
 
 CHAN'TICLEER. s. A name given to the house-cock. F. chanter, 
 to sing, and clair, clear : L. canto, and clarus. 
 
 CHA'OS. s. A confused mass or mixture. G. chaos, signifying, pro- 
 perly, a vast chasm : from chao, to gape. 
 
 CHAOTIC, adj. Confused. See CHAOS. 
 
 CHAP'EL. s. A house for public worship. F. chapelle. It is said 
 that the kings of France, in war, carried into the field St. Martin's 
 hat, which was kept in a tent, as a precious relic ; whence the place 
 took the name capella, a little hat, and the priest, who had the cus- 
 tody of the tent, was called capellanus, now chaplain, 
 
 CHAPERON, v. To attend on a lady, in a public assembly. F. cha- 
 peron, a hood or cap anciently worn by men, women, nobles, and the 
 populace. 
 
 CHAPLAIN, s. Originally, an ecclesiastic, who performs service in 
 a chapel. See CHAPEL. 
 
 CHAP'LET. s. A garland or wreath for the head. F. chapelet : L. 
 caput, the head. 
 
 CHAP'TER. s. A division of a book ; (an assembly of the clergy of a 
 cathedral or collegiate church.) F. chapitre : L. capitulum, dim. 
 of caput, a head : hence we say, " the heads of a discourse ;" mean- 
 ing, the titles of each chapter. 
 
 CHAR' ACTER. s. A mark ; a stamp ; a letter used in writing or 
 printing ; representation ; reputation. L. character, a branding-, 
 iron : G. character : from karasso, to scrape, cut, or engrave. G. 
 charasso, to imprint, or stamp. 
 
 CHARGE D'AFFAIRES, s. A diplomatic agent, in rank inferior 
 to an ambassador. F. signifying, "charged with the business." 
 
 CHAR'IOT. s. A half-coach ; a carriage with four wheels, and one 
 seat behind. F. chariot. See CAR. 
 
 CHAR'ITY. s. Love, benevolence, good-will, liberality to the poor. 
 F. charitc ; L. charitas ; G. charis, grace, affection, kindness. 
 
 CHAR'LATAN. s. A quack, or mountebank. F. charlatan; from an 
 Italian word, signifying to chatter, 
 
 CHARM, s. Words, or characters, imagined to have some secret 
 power ; something which will please, irresistibly. F. charme : L, 
 carmen, a song or a verse. 
 
 48 
 
CHA-CHO 
 
 CHARM, v. To delight highly. See the noun. 
 CHAR'NELHOUSE. s. A depository of human bones. F. charncl, 
 
 relating to flesh, and house. L. carnis, gen. of car o, flesh. 
 CHART, s. A map for seamen. L. charta, paper, or a card. Sea- 
 
 charts were formerly, in England, called sea-cards. 
 CHAR'TER. s. A writing, containing a grant of privileges. L. charta, 
 
 paper. 
 CHASM, s. A cleft ; a place unfilled. G. chasma : chaino, to gape 
 
 widely. 
 CHASTE, adj. Pure ; undefiled. F. chaste : L. castus, pure. 
 CHASTI'SE. v. To punish with a design of amending. See CHASTE. 
 CHATEAU', s. A-stalely mansion. F. chateau, a castle. 
 CHEER, v. To salute with shouts of joy ; to dispel gloom or sorrow; 
 
 to encourage. G. chairo, to rejoice, hail, or salute. 
 CHEM'IST, or CHYMIST. s. A separater and examiner of matter; 
 
 and preparer of various compounds. F. chymiste : G. chumizo, to 
 
 boil, or heat in the fire. 
 CHER'ISH. v. To treat with tenderness and affection ; to foster and 
 
 encourage. F. cherir. See CARESS. 
 CHERSONE'SE. s. A peninsula. G. kersonesos : kersos, land, or 
 
 uncultivated land, and nesos, an isle. 
 CHEVALI'ER. s. A knight. F. chevalier ; from cheval, a horse ; be- 
 cause the knights were formerly distinguished, in battle, by being 
 
 mounted. See Rlackstone's Com. 
 CHEVAUX-DE-FRISE. s. A defensive instrument of war, made of 
 
 timber and iron spikes. F. This term denotes, in English, horses 
 
 of Friesland : the contrivance having been first used in the latter 
 
 country, as a substitute for cavalry. 
 CHICANE, s. Artifice. F. chicane, a quirk. 
 CHIEF, adj. Highest in office or rank; principal. F.chef; L. caput, 
 
 the head. 
 CHIMERIC AL. adj. Imaginary ; of extravagant conception. L. cha. 
 
 mera, one of the poetical monsters. G. chimaira, a goat, a monstrous 
 
 beast. 
 CHIROG'RAPHY. s. The art of writing. G. cheir, a hand, and gra- 
 
 pho, to write. 
 CHIROL'OGY. s. Talking by the hand. G. cheir, a hand, and logos, 
 
 a word. 
 CHIRO'MANCY. s. The pretended art of palmistry, or foretelling 
 
 the events of life by the lines of the hand. F. chiromance : G. cheir, 
 
 a hand, and mantis, a prophet. 
 CHIRUR'GERY. s. See SURGEON. 
 CHIVALRY, s. Knighthood ; the qualifications or actions of a 
 
 knight; the general system of knighthood. F. chevalerie. See 
 
 CHEVALIER. 
 CHLO'RINE. s. Chloric gas ; a new name given to what was origin- 
 ally called oxj'inuriatic gas. G. chloros, green. 
 CHOIR, s. A band of singers in a church ; the place where they sing. 
 
 F. chceur. See CHORUS. 
 CHOL'ERA MOR'BUS. s. A sudden effusion of the bile on the intes- 
 tines, so as to operate violently, both upwards and downwards. L. 
 
 cholera, the cholic, and morbus, a disease : G. chole, bile. 
 
 E 49 
 
CHO— CIR 
 
 CHOL'ERIC. adj. Bilious ; irascible. L. cholericus : G. chole, bile. 
 
 CHOL'IC. s. A painful disorder of the stomach or bowels. G. chole, 
 bile. 
 
 CHO'RAL. adj. Belonging to a choir. See CHOIR. 
 
 CHO'RUS. s. A band of singers ; part of a song in which the whole 
 company join. L. chorus ; G. choros, a company of dancers and 
 singers : from choreuo, to dance. 
 
 CHRISM, s. Holy ointment. G. chrizma, an ointment. 
 
 CHROMATIC, adj. Relating to the colour of light, and of natural 
 bodies, and to a species of ancient music now unknown. G. chro- 
 matids : chroma, colour. 
 
 CHROME, s. A species of metal, which takes its name from the va- 
 rious and beautiful colours which its oxyd and acid communicate to 
 minerals. G. chroma, colour. 
 
 CHRON'IC, or CHRONICAL, adj. Relating to diseases of long con- 
 tinuance. F. chronique : G. chronos, time. 
 
 CHRON ICLE. s. A brief history, with dates. G. chronos, time. 
 
 CHRONOL OGY. s. The science of computing relative time. F. chro- 
 nologie : G. chronos, time, and logos, a word, or discourse. 
 
 CHRONOMETER, s. An instrument for measuring time. G. chro- 
 nos, time, and metreo, to measure. 
 
 CHRY'SALIS. s. An insect, such as a butterfly, when changing from 
 its torpid state. L. chrysalis : G. chrusallis : chrusos, gold ; re- 
 ferring to its yellow hue. 
 
 CHRYSOLITE, s. A precious stone, of a dusky green, with a shade 
 of yellow. F. chrysolite : G. chrusos, gold, and lithos, a stone. 
 
 CHURCH, s. Originally, the collective body of Christians : in modern 
 times, a hcuse dedicated to the worship of God. G. kuriakon ; from 
 kuiios, a lord. 
 
 CHYLE, s. A white juice, firmed in the intestines, and afterwards 
 converted into blood. G. chulos, juice. 
 
 CHYM'IST. s. A professor of chemistry. See CHEMIST. 
 
 CIDEVANT. Formerly F. 
 
 CIMME'RIAN. adj. Pertaining to Cimmerium, a town at the mouth 
 of the Palus Mceotes ; the ancients pretended that this country was 
 involved in darkness; whence the phrase Cimmerian darkness. The 
 country is now called Crimea, or Krim-Tartary. 
 
 CINCTURE, s. Something worn round the body; a bandage. L. 
 cinctvra ; from cinctus, p. part, of cingo, to gird. 
 
 CINERATION. s. The act of reducing to ashes. L. cineres i 
 ashes. 
 
 CINQUE-PORTS, s. The cinque-ports, or Jive ports, as the F. numeral 
 cinque, denotes, were those in England, which, lying the nearest to 
 France, were the more vigilantly guarded against invasion; and 
 placed under the superintendence of a special governor. 
 
 CITHER, s. Any arithmetical figure; but, in general, denoting 0: 
 hence, the appellation to a person of no efficiency, "a mere cipher :" 
 it also means, a secret mode of corresponding. F. chiffre, an arith- 
 metical figure. 
 
 CIRCEN'SIAN. adj. Pertaining to the circus, in Rome, where were 
 practised games of various kinds, as running, wrestling, and com- 
 bats. L. circenses. See CIRCUS. 
 
 50 
 
CIR—CIT 
 
 CIR'CLE. s. A line every where equidistant from a common centre. 
 
 L. circulus : circum, around. 
 CIR'CUIT. s. Motion around ; comprehensive tour ; space ; extent. 
 
 L. circvitus: circum, around, and itus, a going : eo, to go. 
 CIR'CULATE. v. To move in a circle ; to flow around. L. circulo. 
 
 See CIRCLE. 
 CIRCUMAG'GERATE. s. To heap around. L. circumaggero .- cir- 
 cum, around, and aggero, to heap. 
 CIRCUMAMBIENT, adj. Going around. L. circum, around, and 
 
 ambiens, part, of ambio, to go about. 
 CIR'CUMCISE. v. To cut the foreskin. L. circumcisum, sup. of cir- 
 
 cumcido: circum, around, and cado, to cut. 
 CIRCUM'FERENCE. s. Boundary of a circle. L. circumferens, part. 
 
 of circumfero: circum, around, and fero, to carry. 
 CIRCUMFEREN'TOR. s. An instrument used in surveying. L. 
 
 circum, around, and fero, to carry. 
 CIR'CUMFLEX. s. In grammar, an accent, serving to denote or dis. 
 
 tinguish a syllable of an intermediate sound between acute and 
 
 grave ; used in the Greek, bat not in the English language. L. 
 
 circwmjlexus: circum, around, andjlecto, to bend. 
 CIRCUM'FLUENT. adj. Flowing around. L. circumfluens, part, of 
 
 circumfluo: circum, around, and Jluo, to flow. 
 CIRCUMFORA'NEOUS. adj. Wandering from house to house. L. 
 
 circum, around, and /oris, a door. 
 CIRCUM FUSE. v. To pour, or spread around. L. circumfusum, sup. 
 
 of circumfundo: circum, around, and /undo, to pour. 
 CIRCUMJA'CENT. adj. Surrounding. L. circumjacens, part, of cir. 
 
 cumj'iceo: circum, around, and jaceo, to lie. 
 CIRCUMLOCUTION, s. Indirect expression of words. L. circum, 
 
 about, and locutus, part, of loquor, to speak. 
 CIRCUMNA'VIGATE. v. To sail around. L. circum, around, and 
 
 navigate. 
 CIRCUMSCRI'BE. v. To limit, by a real or imaginary circle. L. 
 
 circum, around, and scribo, to write. 
 CIR'CUMSPECT. adj. Cautious. L. circumspectus, p. part, of dr. 
 
 cumspicio: circum, around, and specio, to view. 
 CIRCUMSTANCE, s. Something relative to a fact; incident; con- 
 
 dition. L. circumstantia; from circum, about, and starts, part, of 
 
 sto, to stand. 
 CIRCUMVALLA'TTON. s. A surrounding wall. L. circumvallatus, 
 
 part, of circumvallo : circum, around, and vallo, (from vallum, a 
 
 fence,) to enclose. 
 CIRCUMVENT', v. To defeat by stratagem. L. circumventum, sup. 
 
 of ciicumvenio: circum, around, and venio, to come. 
 CIRCUMVOLUTION, s. The act of rolling around. L. circumvolu. 
 
 ius, p. part, of circumvolvo. Soe CIRCUMVOLVE. 
 CIRCUMVOLVE'. v. To roll around. L. circumvolvo: circum, around, 
 
 nnd volvo, to roll. 
 CIR'CUS. s. An open place, or theatre, for equestrian exhibitions. L. 
 
 circus ; from circum, around. 
 CIT'ADEL. s. A fortress or castle, in or near a city, intended for its 
 
 defence. F. citadelle : L. civitas, a state or city. 
 
 51 
 ■Q 
 
CIT— CLE 
 
 CITA'TION. s. Act of summoning; a summons; a quotation. L. 
 cifatus, p. part, of ciio, to summon. 
 
 CIT' V. s. This term cannot be strictly defined : its application is ar- 
 bitrary. Tl is applied always to the capital town; and frequently, 
 but not universally, to any incorporated town. We may safely apply 
 it to. places of great importance. F. cite: L. civitas ; from civis, a 
 citizen. 
 
 CIV JL. adj. Relating to the community in general ; mild ; obliging ; 
 civil law, the law of ancient Rome. L. civilis ; from civis, a citizen. 
 
 CIVILIAN, s. One who is skilled in the Roman law ; one who is 
 versed in the science of law and government. See CIVIL. 
 
 CLAIM, v. To demand as a right. L. clamo, to call aloud. 
 
 CLAMOR, or CLAMOUR, s. Vehement outcry. L. clamor. See 
 CLAIM. 
 
 CLANDESTINE, adj. Secret; done in a manner to elude observa- 
 tion. L. clandestinus: clam, secretly, and destino, to design. 
 
 CLANG'OR. s. A loud, shrill sound. L. clangor, the sound of a trum- 
 pet. G. klange: Jclazo, to cry aloud. 
 
 CLARE-OBSCURE, s. Light and shade in painting. L. clarus, 
 bright, and ohscurus, dusky. 
 
 CLARIFY, v. To make clear. L. clarus, clear, and/o, to be made. 
 
 CLARTON. s. A kind of trumpet. F. clairon: L. clarus, clear. 
 
 CLARIONET', s. A kind of wind-instrument of music. See CLA- 
 RION. 
 
 CLAS'SIC, or CLASSICAL, adj. Relating to ancient literature, and 
 to architecture, and modern literature, of the highest rank. L. clas- 
 sicus. See CLASSICS. 
 
 CLASSICS, s. Ancient literature of the first rank ; modern literature 
 of uncommon merit. L. classis, a school-bench ; alluding to the seats 
 arranged in the ancient academies. 
 
 CLAUSE, s. Part of a discourse, or of a sentence. L. clausus, p. part, 
 of claudo, to enclose : meaning, that a clause is separated by punc- 
 tuation. 
 
 CLAUS'TRAL. adj. Relating to a cloister or religious house. L. 
 claustrum, an inclosure. See CLOSE. 
 
 CLAVICLE, s. The collar-bone. L. clavicula, a little key or bolt: 
 clavis, a key or bolt. 
 
 CLEF. s. A character in music, placed at the beginning of a stave. 
 F. clef ; L. clavis, a key. 
 
 CLEM'ENCY. s. Mercy ; humanity. L. dementia : clemens, quiet, 
 peaceable. 
 
 CLER'GY. s. The body of ecclesiastics, in distinction from the laity. 
 
 F. clerge. See CLERK. 
 
 CLERICAL, adj. ReLting or pertaining to the clergy. L. clericus ; 
 
 G. klerihos. See CLERGY. 
 
 CLERK, s. In the dark age?, preceding the revival of letters, the 
 clergy engrossed every branch of learning, and were peculiarly re- 
 markable for their knowledge of law. The English judges were, 
 therefore, usually created out of the sacred order, and all the infe- 
 ! rior offices were supplied by the lower clergy ; which has occasioned 
 their successors to be denominated clerks, to this day : and hence, 
 the same title is given to nearly all persons employed in any subor- 
 
 0-4 
 
CLI— COG 
 
 dinate office, that requires a knowledge of writing or accounts. L. 
 clericus, a clergyman : G. kleros, a lot, or office. 
 
 CLIMACTERIC, or CLIMACTRIC. s. A period of life, when some 
 great change is supposed to befall the body. F. climaterique ; L. 
 climactericus : G. klimakter, the step of a ladder. See CLIMAX. 
 
 CLI'MATE. s. A space measured from the equator to the p les ; a 
 certain temperature or situation, indicating a degree different from 
 another. L. clima : G. kit ma ; from kiino, to change, or incline. 
 
 CLI'MAX. s. Gradual ascent; a rhetorical figure, by which the words 
 gradually rise in importance. L. climax ; G. klimax, a ladder. 
 
 CLINIC, or CLINTCAL. adj. Relating to a person who, from sick- 
 ness, is compelled to remain in bed. A " clinical lecture" is delivered 
 by a medical professor at the bed-side. G. klinikos ; klino, to lie 
 down. 
 
 CLOIS'TER. s. A place of religious seclusion. L. clauslrum, an en- 
 closure, or closet. See CLOSE. 
 
 CLOSE, s. To shut; to conclude; to end. See the adjective. 
 
 CLOSE, adj. Shut fast; secret; confined; compact. L. clausus, p. 
 part, of claudo, to shut. 
 
 CLOSET, s. A small room for retirement, or for the preservation of 
 valuable things. See CLOSE. 
 
 CLOUD, s. An opaque assemblage in the sky. L. claudo, to shut. 
 
 CLOWN, s. A rustic ; a coarse ill-bred man ; one who makes sport at 
 a theatrical entertainment. L. colonus : colo, to till. 
 
 COAD'JUTOR. s. An assistant ; a partner. L. con, together, and ad~ 
 jutor, a helper : ad, to, and jutus, p. part, ofjuvo, to help. 
 
 COAG'ULATE. v. To curdle.. L. coagulo: con, together, and ago, 
 to go. 
 
 COALESCE', v. To unite. L. coalesce, to grow together : con, toge- 
 ther, and alo, to nourish or increase. 
 
 COALITION, s. Union. L. coalilvs, part, of coalesco. See COA- 
 LESCE. 
 
 COAST, s. The exterior line, limit, or border of a country ; the sea- 
 shore. F. cote, formerly coste : L. costa, a rib or side. 
 
 CODE. s. A system of laws or regulations. F. code : L, codex, the 
 ligneous part of a tree; by metonymy, a book: because, books were 
 occasionally made of thin boards. 
 
 CODTCIL. s. A supplement to a will. L. codicillus, diminutive of 
 codex. See CODE. 
 
 COEFFICIENT, adj. Uniting in action. L. con, together, and effi- 
 cient. 
 
 COERCE', v. To force ; to restrain. L. co'erceo : con, together, and 
 arceo, to stop, or hinder. 
 
 COETICR'NAL. adj. Equally eternal. L. con, with, and eternal. 
 
 COE VAL. adj. Equally ancient. L. cocbvus : con, together, and azvum, 
 an age. 
 
 COEXIST', v. To exist at the same time. L. con, together, and 
 exist. 
 
 COEXTEND'. v. To reach to an equal distance. L. con, together, 
 and extend. 
 
 CO'GENT. adj. Powerful; convincing. L. cogens, part, of cogo, to 
 assemble, or compel : con, with, and ago, to act. 
 
 e* 53 
 
COG— COL 
 
 CO'GITATE. v. To think. L. cogito ; from cogo, to assemble ; mean- 
 ing the mental faculties. 
 COG'NATE. adj. Allied by blood ; kindred by birth ; related in ori- 
 gin. L. cognatus : con, with, and natus, part, of nascor, to be born. 
 COGNFTION. s. Knowledge ; consciousness. L. cognitio : from cog' 
 
 nosco, to discover or understand. 
 COGNIZANCE, s. Judicial notice ; judicial authority. F. connois- 
 
 sance : L. cognosco, to discover. 
 COHAB'IT. v. To live together as husband and wife. L. cohabito : 
 
 con, together, and habito, to dwell. 
 COHABITANT, s. An inhabitant of the same place. L. cohabitans, 
 
 part, of cohabito : con, together, and habito, to dwell. 
 COHEIR', s. One of two or more persons who inherit the same estate. 
 
 L. con, together, and heir. 
 COHE'RE. v. To stick together. L. cohtzreo : con, together, and 
 
 hczreo, to stick fast. 
 COHE'SION. s. Act of cohering ; union of surfaces. L. cohasus, 
 
 part, of cohareo. See COHE.RE. 
 COIF. s. A hood ; a cap. Sir H. Spelman conjectures that coifs were 
 
 introduced amongst the clergy, to hide the tonsure of such as were 
 
 still tempted to remain in the secular courts, as advocates or judges, 
 
 notwithstanding their prohibition by canon. F. coiffe ; from couvrir, 
 
 to cover. 
 COIL. v. To wind into a ring, as a serpent, or a rope. F. cueiller, to 
 
 gather. 
 COIN. s. In architecture, a corner ; any thing standing out angularly. 
 
 F. coigne : G. gonia, a corner. 
 COINCI'DE. v. To meet in the same point ; to agree. L. coincido : 
 
 con, together, in, into, and cado, to fall. 
 COFTION. s. The act by which two bodies come together. L. coitio : 
 
 coitus, p. part, of coeo : con, together, and eo, to go. 
 COL'ANDER. s. A strainer. L. colo, to strain. 
 COLIC. See CHOLIC. 
 COL'LAR. s. A band for the neck. L. collare : from collum, the 
 
 neck. 
 COLLA'TE. v. To compare one copy or one thing with another of the 
 
 same kind ; to place in an ecclesiastical benefice, by the single act 
 
 of the ordinary, when patron. L. collatum, sup. of confero : con, 
 
 together, and/ero, to bring. 
 COLLAT'ERAL. adj. Running parallel ; not direct; equally related. 
 
 L. collateralis : con, together, and lutvs, a side : that is, side by side, 
 
 remaining together. 
 COLLA'TION. s. Act of collating; a species of repast. L. collatio. 
 
 See COLLATE. 
 COL'LEAGUE. s. An associate, or partner. L. con, together, and 
 
 league. 
 COLLECT', v. To gather; to assemble. L. collectum, sup. ofcolligo: 
 
 con, together, and lego, to gather. 
 COL'LEGE. s. A public place of study; a state-assembly. L. coZZe- 
 
 sivm ; from colligo. See COLLECT. 
 COLLIGATION, s. The act of binding together. L. colligatio : coU 
 
 ligatus, p. part, of colligo : con, together, and ligo, to bind. 
 
 54 
 
COL— COM 
 
 COLLISION, s. The act of striking together. L. collisio ; from coU 
 lido : con, together, and lado, to strike or hurt, 
 
 COLLOCA TION. s. The act of placing things together. L. collo. 
 catio : collocatus, p. part, of colloco : con, together, and loco, to 
 place. 
 
 COLLOQUIAL, adj. Relating or belonging to familiar discourse. 
 See COLLOQUY. 
 
 COL'LOQU Y„ s. Conversation ; conference. L. colloquium ; con, to- 
 gether, and loquor, to speak. 
 
 COLLU'DE. v. To play in concert, so as to cheat ; to conspire in a 
 fraud. L. colludo: con, together, and ludo, to play. 
 
 COLLUSION, s. Act of colluding; design of two or more persons to 
 defraud. L. collusio : collusum, sup. of colludo. See COLLUDE. 
 
 CO'LON. s. A grammatical point (:) ; one of the intestines. G. kolon, 
 a member. 
 
 COLONNA'DE. s. A peristyle, of a circular figure, or a series of co- 
 lumns, disposed in a circle, and insulated on the inner side; any se- 
 ries or range of columns. See COLUMN. 
 
 COL'ONY. s. A country planted by a foreign state ; the people inha- 
 biting, or intending to inhabit the plantation. L. volonia : G. kolon, 
 a member. 
 
 COLOS'SUS. s. A huge statue. L. colossus : G. kolossos. The most 
 celebrated colossal statue was that of Apollo, at Rhodes, which was 
 126 feet high. The name is derived from kollao, to join strongly 
 with cement ; alluding to the number of pieces of which it was com- 
 
 COLTER. See COULTER. 
 
 COLUM'BAR Y. s. A dove-cot ; a pigeon-house. L. columbarium : 
 
 columba, a pigeon. 
 COL'UMN. s. A round pillar, by which something is supported ; a 
 
 body of troops, formed into an oblong ; a section of a page, when 
 
 divided equally by a perpendicular line. L. columna : columen, a 
 
 prop ; from columis, whole, safe. 
 COL'URES. s. Two great circles, imagined to pass through the poles 
 
 of the world ; one through the equinoctial, and the other through the 
 
 solstitial points. L. coluri : G. kolouri ; from kolouros, cut short ; 
 
 because, a part of their circumference lies under the horizon. 
 COMB. s. An instrument to separate and adjust the hair ; the crest 
 
 of a cock. L. coma, the hair : the cavities in which bees lodge their 
 
 honey. G. kumbos, a cave, or hollow place. 
 COMBAT, v. To fight; to oppose. F. combattre : L. con, together, 
 
 and batuo, to beat. 
 COMBI'NE. v. To unite. F. combiner : L. con, together, and binus, 
 
 a couple. 
 COMBUS'TIBLE. adj. Susceptible of ignition. L. combustus, p. part, 
 
 of combxiro : con, with, and uro, to burn. 
 COM'EDY. s. An amusing drama. L. comedia : G. komodia : kome, 
 
 a village, and ode, a song. 
 COMET, s. A kind of planet. L. cometa ; from coma, hair : referring 
 
 to its apparent tail. 
 COM'FORT. v. To strengthen, to invigorate, to cheer or enliven. F. 
 
 conforter : L. con, with, and fort is, strong. 
 
 55 
 
COM— COM 
 
 COM'IC. adj. Relating to comedy ; fitted to excite merriment. L. 
 
 comicus. See COMEDY. 
 COM'ITY. s. Courtesy, civility. L. comitas ; from comis, gentle, 
 
 mild. 
 COM'MA. s» A grammatical point (,) denoting the shortest pause in 
 
 reading; in music, the ninth part of a tone, G.komma, a slice, or 
 
 very small part : from Tiopto, to cut. 
 COMMAND', s. Government; direction. F. commande : L. con and 
 
 mando, to intrust with : mando is from manus, a hand, and do, to 
 
 give; meaning, to commit to another's power. 
 COMMEMORATE, v. To preserve the memory of, by some public 
 
 act. L. commemoro : con, together, and memoro, to remember. 
 COMMEND', v. To recommend; to approve. L. commendo: con, 
 
 with, and mando, to intrust. 
 COMMEN'DAM. s. A church benefice, given in trust. See COM- 
 
 MEND. 
 COMMEN'SURATE. adj. Equal; proportionate. L. con, with, and 
 
 inensura, a measure. 
 COMMEJST'. v. To remark; to annotate. L. commentor ; from com. 
 
 meatus, part, of comminisco, to call to mind. 
 COM'MERCE. s. Extensive trade ; intercourse. F. commerce : L. 
 
 commercium : con, together, and mercor, to purchase. 
 COMMINGLE, v. To blend. L. con, together, and mingle. 
 COMMIS'ERATE. v. To pity. L. commiseror : con, with, misereor, 
 
 to be sorry. 
 COM'MISSARY. s. In military language, means a person who su- 
 perintends the supplying of an army with clothing, provisions, and 
 
 ammunition. Low L. commissarius. See COMMISSION. 
 COMMISSION, s. Act of committing ; authority given. F. commis- 
 sion: L. commissum : con, with, and missus, p. part, of mitlo, to 
 
 send. 
 CO?vIMIT'. ». To give in trust; to perpetrate. L. committo : con, 
 
 with, and mitto, to send. 
 COMMITTEE', s. Persons chosen by a larger number, to consider 
 
 some business, and report their opinion. See COMMIT. 
 COMMIX', v. To blend. L. con, together, and mix. 
 CO?>IMO DIOUS. adj. Convenient. L. commodus : con, with, and 
 
 modus, due proportion, a measure. 
 COMMODTTY. s. Something useful. Y.commodite: L. com.moditas. 
 
 See COMMODIOUS. 
 COM'MON. adj. General ; vulgar. L. communis : con, together, and 
 
 munus, a benefit, or right. 
 COM'MORANCE. s. The act of dwelling or inhabiting. L. commo. 
 
 rans, part, of commoror : con, together, and moror, to stay or dwell. 
 COMMO'TION. s. Tumult; disturbance; agitation. L. commotio: 
 
 commotus, p. part, of commvveo : con, together, and moveo, to move. 
 COMMO'RIENT. adj. Dying together ; dying at the same time. L. 
 
 commoriens : con, together, and moriens, part, of morior, to die. 
 COMMU'NE. v. To converse ; to impart sentiments mutually. L. 
 
 communico. See COMMON. 
 COMMIT NIB US ANNIS. On the annual average. L. communibus, 
 
 in common, annis, years : (communis and annus.) 
 
 58 
 
COM— COiVI 
 
 COMMUNICATE, v. To impart, or reveal. L. communico. See 
 
 COMMON. 
 COMMUNION, s. Intercourse; participation. L. communio. See 
 
 COMMON. 
 COMMUNITY, s. The state of being common ; people united into a 
 
 society, and having a common interest; that state which is opposed 
 
 to individuality of interest. L. communitas. See COiWMON. 
 COMMUTE, v. To change; to put one thing in the place of another. 
 
 L. commuto ; from con, with, and muto, to change. 
 COM' PACT. s. An agreement. L. con, with, and partus, part, of 
 
 paciscor, to bargain. 
 COMPACT', adj. Firm ; close. L. compactus, p. part, of compingo : 
 
 con, together, and pango, to strike, or drive in. 
 COMPANION, s. An associate. F. compagnon: L. compago, a joint ; 
 
 con, together, and pango, to fix. 
 COMPAR'ATIVE. adj. Relating to comparison. See COMPARE. 
 COMPA'RE. v. To judge or estimate, relatively, things which have 
 
 some resemblance, or are of the same nature. L. comparo : con, to- 
 gether, and par, a pair. 
 COM'PASS. v. To encircle; to surround; to attain. See the noun. 
 COM'PASS. s. Circle ; round ; limits ; an instrument with which a 
 
 circle is drawn ; an instrument whereby mariners steer. L. con, 
 
 with, and passus, p. part, ofpando, to spread or extend. 
 COMPAS'SION. s. Pity. F. compassion : L. con, with, and passus, 
 
 part, ofpatior, to suffer. 
 COMPATIBLE, adj. Suitable ; consistent. F. compatible : L. con, 
 
 together, and patibilis ; patior, to receive, or suffer to be mixed 
 
 with. 
 COMPATRIOT, s. One of the same country ; a fellow-patriot. F. 
 
 compatriote : L. con, together, and patria, a country. 
 COMPEL', v. To force. L. compello; from con, with, and pello, to 
 
 drive. 
 COMPENDIOUS, adj. Short ; abridged. See COMPENDIUM. 
 COMPENDIUM, s. An abstract ; an abridgment. L. compendium ; 
 
 from con, together, and pendo, to weigh, or deliberate on : meaning, 
 
 that care was used to admit only what was important. 
 COMPENSATE, v. To recompense. L. compenso : con, with, and 
 
 pensus, p. part, of pendo, to pay. 
 COMPE'TE. v. To seek or strive for the same thing as another ; to 
 
 strive or claim to be equal. L. competo : con, with, and peto, to seek. 
 COM'PETENT. adj. Suitable; adequate ; qualified. L. competens, 
 
 part, of competo : con, with, and peto, to desire, or obtain. 
 COMPETITION", s. Rivalship. L. con, together, and petitio, a desire. 
 COMPI'LE. s. To collect from the works of others. L. compilo ; from 
 
 con, and pilo, to pull off. 
 COMPLACENT, adj. Mild. L. complacens, part, of complaceo, to 
 
 please. 
 COMPLAIN, v. To murmur. F. complaindre : L. con, and plango, 
 
 to beat, (meaning the breast,) or bewail. 
 COMPLAISANT', adj. Civil ; desirous to please. F. complaisant : 
 
 L. complacens. See COMPLACENT. 
 COiVlTLEMENT. s. Generally signifies a just quantity. L. comple- 
 
 57 
 
COM— CON 
 
 menium, a filling up, or completion ; from compleo. See COM- 
 PLETE. 
 
 COMPLE'TE. adj. Perfect ; full. L. completus, part, of camplcor : 
 con, with, and pleor, to be filled. 
 
 COMPLEX, adj. Of many parts; entangled. L. complexus, part, of 
 complector : con, together, and plector, to be folded. 
 
 COMPLEX'ION. s. Appearance, (all the colours, or all the circum- 
 stances, being seen in one view ;) colour of the face. F. complexion : 
 L. complexio. See COMPLEX. 
 
 COMPLICATE, adj. Involved ; difficult. L. complicatus, part, of 
 complico : con, together, and plico, to fold. 
 
 COMPLIMENT, s. A flattering expression of civility. F. compli- 
 ment ; from compiler. See COMPLY. 
 
 COMPLY', v. To accord with ; to submit. F. compiler ; con, with, 
 and plier, to bend. 
 
 COMPO'NENT. adj. Composing ; constituting ; forming a compound. 
 L. componens. See COMPOSE. 
 
 COMPORT', v. To agree ; to suit ; (followed by with.) F. comporter : 
 L. con, together, and porto, to carry or bear. 
 
 COMPO'SE. v. To put together ; to invent ; to calm. F. composer : 
 L. compositum, sup. of compono : con, together, and pono, to place. 
 
 COM POSITE. adj. Of several kinds. L. compositus. See COMPOSE. 
 
 COMPOS MENTIS. Of sound and composed mind. L. 
 
 COM'POST. s. A mixture for manure. See COMPOSE. 
 
 COMPO'SURE. s. Calmness of mind; tranquillity. See COMPOSE. 
 
 COMPOUND', v. To mix; to combine. L. compono. See COMPOSE. 
 
 COMPREHEND', v. To include ; to understand. L. comprehendo : 
 con, together, and prehendo, to lay hold on. 
 
 COMPRESS', v. To press together; to condense. L. compressum, 
 sup. ofcomprhno: con, together, and premo, to press. 
 
 COMPRISE, v. To contain; to conclude. F. compris, comprised; 
 from comprendre. See COMPREHEND. 
 
 COM'PROMISE. s. Mutual abatement. F. compromis : L. compro- 
 missum : con, together, and promissus, p. part, of promitto, to pro- 
 mise. 
 
 COMPTROL'LER. s. A director ; a supervisor. F. compte, an ac- 
 count, and rolle, a list. 
 
 COMPUL'SION. s. Act of compelling. L. compulsio : compulsus, p. 
 part. oUompello. See COMPEL. 
 
 COMPUNCTION, s. Uneasiness of conscience. F. compunction : L. 
 punctus, p. part, ofpungo, to prick. 
 
 COMPURGATOR, s. One who bears his testimony to the credibility 
 of another : (compurgators are not, however, admitted in modern 
 times.) L. compurgator ; con, together, and purgo, to cleanse. — See 
 Hume's History of England; or Blackstone's Commentaries. 
 
 COMPU'TE. v. To calculate. L. computo ; con, together, and puto, 
 to consider. 
 
 COM'RADE. s. Literally, one who lodges in the same room ; hence, 
 in a more general sense, a fellow, a mate, or companion. F. cama- 
 rade : L. camera, a chamber. 
 
 CONCATENATION, s. A series of links; uninterrupted succession. 
 L. con, together, and catena, a chain. 
 
 58 
 
CON— CON 
 
 CON'CAVE. adj. Hollow ; opposed to convex. L. concavus ; from 
 cavea, a cave. 
 
 CONCEAL', v. To hide. L. concelo : celo, to hide. 
 
 CONCEDE, v. To yield, or grant. L. concedo: con, with, and cedo, 
 to yield. 
 
 CONCEIT', s. Thought; opinion; pride. F. concept: L. conceptus, 
 p. part, of concipio, to conceive. 
 
 CONCEIVE', v. To form in the mind ; to comprehend ; to think ; to 
 become pregnant. F. concevoir : L. concipio: con, with, and capio, 
 to take. 
 
 CONCENTRATE, v. To bring towards the centre; to bring toge- 
 ther. L. con, together, and centrum, the centre. 
 
 CONCEPTION, s. Act of conceiving ; thing conceived ; idea; know- 
 ledge; state of becoming pregnant. L. conceptio : conceptus, p. part. 
 of concipio, to conceive : con, together, and capio, to take. 
 
 CONCERN', s. Business; participation; regard. F. concerner, to re- 
 gard : L. con, with, and cerno, to separate, sift, divide ; to see. 
 
 CONCERT', v. To contrive and settle by mutual communication 
 of opinions or propositions. L. concerto: con, with, and certo, to 
 strive. 
 
 CON'CERT. s. Agreement of two or more in a design or plan ; the 
 music of a company of players or singers, or of both united ; ac- 
 cordance ; harmony. See the verb. 
 
 CONCESSION, s. Act of conceding. L. concessio ; from con, and 
 cessum, sup. of cedo, to yield. 
 
 CONCHOL'OGY. s. A description of shell-fish, or of shells ; the 
 science which treats of shell-fish. L. concha, a shell-fish, or shell, 
 and G. logos, a word. 
 
 CONCfiOI'DAL. adj. In mineralogy, resembling a conch or marine 
 shell : conch, and G. eidos, form. 
 
 CONCI'SE. adj. Brief. L. concisus, part, of concidor, to cut. 
 
 CONCLAVE, s. A close assembly. L. conclave, an inner apartment : 
 con, with, and clavis, a key. 
 
 CONCLUDE, v. To finish; to decide. L. concludo: con, and claudo, 
 to shut up. 
 
 CONCLUSION, s. Act of concluding ; termination; result. L. con- 
 clusio. See CONCLUDE. 
 
 CONCOCT', v. To digest ; to ripen. L. concoctum, sup. ofconcoquo, to 
 boil. 
 
 CONCOM'ITANT. adj. Accompanying. L. concomitans : con, toge- 
 ther, and comitans, part, of comitor, to accompany; comes, a compa- 
 nion. 
 
 CONCORD, s. Agreement. L. concordia : con, together, and cordia, 
 pi. of cor, the heart. 
 
 CONCOR'DAT. s. In the canon law, a compact, covenant, or agree- 
 ment, concerning some beneficiary matter, as a resignation, permu- 
 tation, or promotion. See CONCORD. 
 
 CONCOURSE, s. Assemblage. F. concours : L. concursus. See 
 CONCUR. 
 
 CONCRETE, s. A substance formed by the union of dry particles. 
 L. concretio : concretus, part, of concresco, to be joined together : con 
 and cresco. 
 
 59 
 
CON— CON 
 
 CON'CUBINE. s. A woman who cohabits with a man, without the 
 
 authority of a legal marriage ; the mistress of a married man. L. 
 
 concvbina : con, with, and cubo, to lie. 
 CONCUPISCENCE, s. Irregular desire; lust. L. concupiscentia : 
 
 concupisco, to covet : incep. from con, and cvpio, to desire. 
 CONCUR', v. To meet in one point; to agree. L. concurro: con, to- 
 
 gether, and curro, to run. 
 CONCUSSION, s. Sudden and great agitation. L. concussio : con, 
 
 together, and quassus, p. part, of quatio, to shake, or jolt. 
 CONDEMN', v. To pronounce guilty ; to censure ; to declare unfit for 
 
 use. L. condemno : con, with, and damnum, loss, or damage. 
 CONDENSE', v. To make closer. L. condenso : con, together, and 
 
 denseo, to thicken. 
 CONDESCEND', v. To stoop. L. condescendo: con, with, and de- 
 
 scendo, to come down. 
 CONDIGN', adj. Suitable ; deserved. L. condignus ; from con, with, 
 
 and dignus, worthy, fit. 
 CONDIMENT, s. Seasoning, sauce. L. condimentum : condio, to 
 
 season, pickle, or preserve. 
 CONDITION, s. Stipulation ; state. L. conditio : condo, to build. 
 CONDO'LE. v. To join in grief. L. condoleo : con, with, and doleo, 
 
 to grieve. 
 CONDU'CE. v. To aid in promoting ; to contribute. L. conduco : con, 
 
 together, and duco, to lead. 
 CONDUCT', v. To lead, or direct. L. conduco : con, together, and 
 
 ductus, p. part, of duco, to lead. 
 CON'DUCT. s. Management ; behaviour. See the verb. 
 CONDUIT, s. An aqueduct, formed of pipes ; a conductor for ^ny 
 
 fluid. F. conduit. See CONDUCT. 
 CONE. s. A solid body, having a circular base, and declining regu- 
 larly to a point. L. conus : G. konos, the seed of the pine ; or a cone. 
 CONFABULATION, s. Conversation. L. confabulatio : con, toge- 
 ther, and fabula, a discourse. 
 CONFECTIONER, s. A maker of sweetmeats. L. confectio, a pre- 
 paration : con, together, and facto, to make. 
 CONFEDERATE, s. An ally; an associate. L. con, together, and 
 
 fcederatus, allied : fcedus, a league. 
 CONFER', v. To consult : to bestow. L. confero : con, together, and 
 
 fero, to bring. 
 CONFESS', ik To acknowledge; to avow ; to hear the confession of a 
 
 penitent, as a priest. F. confesser : L. confiteor : con, with, andfateor, 
 
 to own or avow : fatus, p. part, of for, to speak. 
 CONFIDENCE, s. Belief ; trust; firmness. L. confidentia ; from con 9 
 
 with, and jWes, faith. 
 CONFINE, v. To limit ; to imprison. F. conjiner : L. con, with, and 
 
 finis, a boundary. 
 CONFINES, s. Borders. F. confins : L. confine, a place adjoining : 
 
 con, together, and finis, a boundary. 
 CONFIRM', v. To strengthen ; to establish. L. confirmo ; con, toge* 
 
 ther, and firmo, to strengthen. 
 CONFIS'CATE. v. To seize for public use. L. confiscor : fiscus, a 
 
 a public money-bag. 
 
 60 
 
CON— CON 
 
 CONFL AGRA'TION. s. An extensive fire. F. conflagration : L. con, 
 
 tog-ether, and flagro, to burn. 
 CON'FLICT. s. A violent collision ; a combat. L. conflictus ; from 
 
 conjiigo : con, together, and fligo, to dash. 
 CONFLUENCE, s. Meeting of streams. L. confluens, part, of con- 
 
 fluo : con, together, arnd fluo, to flow. 
 CON' FLUX. s. Concourse ; crowd. L. confluxus, part, of confluo. 
 
 See CONFLUENCE. 
 CONFORM', v. To assimilate; to comply with. L. conformo: con, 
 
 with, and formo, to shape. 
 CONFOUND', v. To perplex, or amaze. L. confundo : con, together, 
 
 and f undo, to pour. 
 CONFRONT', v. To bring face to face. F. confronter : L. con, toge- 
 ther, and frons, the forehead, or front. 
 CONFU'SE. v. To mix or blend things, so that they cannot be distin- 
 guished ; to disorder, or perplex. L. confusus, p. part, of confundo. 
 
 See CONFOUND. 
 CONFU'TE. v. To convict of error, or falsehood. L. confuto ; from 
 
 con, and futo, to argue. 
 CONGEAL', v. To become solid, as ice. L. congelo : gelu, ice. 
 CONGE', s. Act of reverence ; bow ; courtesy ; leave ; farewell. F. 
 CONGE' D'ELIRE. s. Signifies, in England, the king's permission 
 
 to a dean and chapter, to choose a bishop. F. conge, a license, 
 
 d'elire, to elect. 
 CONGE'NI AL. adj. Of the same kind ; agreeable. L. con, with, and 
 
 genus, a sort. 
 CONGES'TION. s. A collection of humours, or an accumulation of 
 
 blood, in some part of an animal body. L. congestio : conjestus, p. 
 
 part, ofconjero: con, together, and gero, to bear. 
 CONGLOMERATE, v. To become round. L. conglomero : con, and 
 
 glomus, a ball of thread. 
 CONGLU'TINATE. v. To cement. L. conglutino : gluten, glue. 
 CONGRATULATE, v. To rejoice with a person on account of his 
 
 good fortune. L. congratulor : con, with, and gratus, thankful. 
 CONGREGA'TION. s. A collection ; a religious assembly. L. congre- 
 
 gatio ; from con, together, and gregis, gen. ofgrex, a flock. 
 CONGRESS, s. A meeting ; a national assembly. L. congressio ; 
 
 from congredior : con, together, and gradior, to go : gradus, a step. 
 CONGRUTTY. s. Suitableness; the relation of agreement between 
 
 things. L. congruo, to agree. 
 CONICAL, adj. Having the form or properties of a cone. L. conicus ; 
 
 G. konikos. See CONE. 
 CONIF'EROUS. adj. Bearing cones. L. conus, a cone, and fero, to 
 
 bear. 
 CONJECTURE, s. Supposition. L. conjectura : con, together, and 
 
 jocio, to throw [our ideas.] 
 CON'JUGAL. adj. Matrimonial. L. conjugalis : conjugis, gen. of 
 
 conjux: con, together, and junctus, p. part, of jungo, to join. 
 CON' JUG ATE. v. To decline a verb through its variations, and with 
 
 a nominative prefixed ; so that the verb shall agree with the nomina- 
 tive, in number and person. L. conjugo: con, together, and^'w^o, to 
 
 join. 
 
 f 61 
 
CON— CON 
 
 CONJUNCTION, s. Act of conjoining; a connector of words. L. 
 
 conjunctio; from conjungo: con, together, and jungo, to join. 
 CONJURE', v. To call upon by a sacred name, or in a solemn man- 
 ner. L. conjuro : con, with, and juro, to swear. 
 CONJURE. (Pronounced kun'jur.) To practise the arts of a con- 
 jurer. See CONJURE. 
 CONNAS'CENCE. s. The common birth of two or more at the 
 
 same time. L. con, with, and nascor, to be born. 
 CONNATE', adj. Born with another ; united in origin ; growing from 
 
 one base. See CONNASCENCE. 
 CONNECT', v. To join. L. connecto ; from con, together, and necto, 
 
 to link, or knit. 
 CONNFVE. v. To aid, by pretending ignorance of another's design. 
 
 L. conniveo, to wink. 
 CONNOISSEU'R. s. A judge, or critic. F. connoisseur : L. cognosco, 
 
 to know. 
 CONNUBIAL, adj. Nuptial. L. connubialis : con, together, and nubo, 
 
 to cover, or marry. Amongst the Romans, it was customary for the 
 
 bride. to wear a veil. 
 CON'NUSANT. adj. Having knowledge of; apprised. L. cognosco : 
 
 con, with, and nosco, to know. 
 CO'NOID. s. A figure resembling a cone. G. konos, a cone, and 
 
 eidos, form. 
 CON'QUER. v. To gain by conquest; to overcome. L. conquiro, to 
 
 seek about, to get together. See CONQUEST. 
 CON'QUEST. s. What is now called purchase, the feudists called eon. 
 
 quest (conquestus, or conquisitio) : both signifying, in law, any means 
 
 of acquiring an estate, out of the common course of inheritance : 
 
 hence, the term was afterwards used to denote the act of subduing, 
 
 or placing in subjection. L. con, with, or together, and quasitus, 
 
 p. part, of qucero, to seek. 
 CONSANGUIN'ITY. s. Relation by blood. L. consanguinitas : con, 
 
 together, and sanguis, blood. 
 CON'SCIENCE. s. Self-knowledge ; moral feeling. L. conscientia : 
 
 con, with, and sciens, part, of scio, to know. 
 CONSCIEN'TIOUS. adj. Regulated by conscience ; exactly just. See 
 
 CONSCIENCE. 
 CON'SCIOUS. adj. Knowing any thing, from internal judgment, or 
 
 moral feeling. L. conscius. See CONSCIENCE. 
 CONSCRIP'TION. s. An enrolment or registering. L. conscriptio : 
 
 con, together, and scriptus, p. part, of scribo, to write. 
 CON'SECRATE. v. To make holy; to dedicate. L. consecro: con, 
 
 with, and sacro, to make sacred. 
 CONSECUTIVE, adj. Uninterrupted. F. consecutif: L. con, toge- 
 ther, and secutus, part, of sequor, to follow. 
 CONSENT', v. To agree; to admit. L. consentio : con, with, and 
 
 sentio, to think, or perceive. 
 CONSENTANEOUS, adj. Agreeable; accordant; consistent with. 
 
 L. consentaneous. See CONSENT. 
 CON'SEQUENCE. s. Erfect. L. consequentia ; from consequens, 
 
 following, or ensuing. Consequence is often improperly used for 
 
 62 
 
CON— CON 
 
 importance, — a person of consequence, instead of a person of import- 
 
 ance. 
 CONSERVA'TOR. s. A preserver of the public happiness. L. con- 
 
 servator ; from con, together, and servo, to keep. 
 CONSERVATORY, s. A place for holding delicate things. See 
 
 CONSERVATOR. 
 CONSIDER, v. To study ; to regard. L. considero : con, with, and 
 
 sedeo, to sit. 
 CONSID'ERABLE. adj. Worthy of consideration ; great. See CON- 
 SIDER. 
 CONSIGN', v. To assign, or intrust. L. consigno : con, with, and 
 
 signo, to mark. 
 CONSIST', v. To agree (followed by with) ; to be contained. L. con- 
 
 sisto : con, together, and sisto, to stand. 
 CONSIS'TENT. adj. According; proper. L. consistens, part, of con- 
 
 sisto : con, together, and sisto, to be set. 
 CONSISTO'RIAL. adj. Relating to an ecclesiastical court. L. con- 
 
 sisto, to remain in one place : that is, not circuitous, as some of the 
 
 common-law courts. 
 CONSOLE, v. To comfort. L. consolor ; from con, with, and solor, 
 
 to cheer. 
 CONSOLIDATE, v. To make firm ; to unite. L. con, together, and 
 
 solidus, firm. 
 CONSO'NANT. adj. According with. L. consonans, part, of consono : 
 
 con, with, and sono, to sound. 
 CONSONANT, s. A letter, such as b, c, d ; the name of which cannot 
 
 be articulated without the aid of a vowel ; therefore, sounded with 
 
 another letter. See CONSO'NANT. 
 CON'SORT. s. A companion ; a wife. L. con, together, and sors, a 
 
 lot. 
 CONSPICUOUS, adj. Obvious to the sight; distinguished. L. con- 
 
 spicuus ; from conspicio, (con, and specio,) to discern. 
 CONSPI'RE. v. To plot ; to join. L. conspiro : con, together, and 
 
 spiro, to breathe. 
 CON'STABLE. s. This officer was so called, because his duty was to 
 
 regulate all matters of chivalry, tilts, tournaments, and feats of arms, 
 
 that were performed on horseback. L. comes, an attendant or com- 
 panion, stabuli, (gen. of stabulum,) of the stable. 
 CONSTANT, adj. Perpetual; continent; assiduous. L. constans ; 
 
 from con, with, and stans, part, of sto, to stand. 
 CONSTELLATION, s. A cluster of stars. L. con, together, and 
 
 stella, pi. of Stella, a star. 
 CONSTERNATION, s. Amazement. L. consternatio : con, together, 
 
 and sterno, to spread, or throw down. 
 CON'STIPATE. v. To thicken ; to make costive. L. constipo : con, 
 
 together, and stipo, to stuff. 
 CONSTIT'UENT. s. A necessary part; one who appoints. L. con- 
 
 stituens. Soe CONSTITUTE. 
 CON'STITUTE. v. To form ; to appoint. L. constituo : con, together, 
 
 and statuo, to establish : sto, to stand. 
 CONSTITUTION, s. The act of constituting; established form of 
 
 government ; frame. L. consiitutio. See CONSTITUTE. 
 
 63 
 
CON— CON 
 
 CONSTRAIN', v. To compel ; to hinder by force. F. constraindre : 
 
 L. con, together, and stringo, to bind. 
 CONSTRICT', v. To bind, to cramp. L. constrictus, p. part, of con- 
 
 stringo: con, together, and stringo, to bind. 
 CONSTRUE', v. To arrange words in their natural order ; to inter- 
 pret ; to translate. L. constrvo. See CONSTRUCT. 
 CONSTRUCT', v. To frame ; to build ; to form in the mind. L. 
 
 construcius, p. part, of construo : con, together, and struo, to 
 
 pile up. 
 CONSTRUCTION, s. The act of constructing; structure; gramma- 
 
 tical, logical, or mathematical arrangement. L. constrvctio. See 
 
 CONSTRUCT. 
 CONSUBSTAN'TIATE. v. To unite in one common substance or 
 
 nature. L. con, with, and substantia, substance. 
 CON'SUL. s. A species of public officer. L. consul: from consulo, to 
 
 advise, or provide for. 
 CONSULT', v. To deliberate together ; to ask advice of; to search 
 
 into, or examine — as, to consult an author. L. consulto, frequent. 
 
 of consulo : con, together, and salio, to leap ; signifying, to run or 
 
 act in accordance. 
 CONSU'ME. v. To spend ; to destroy. L. consumo : con, with, and 
 
 sumo, to take. 
 CON'SUMMATE. v. To complete. L. consummo ; from summus, the 
 
 top. 
 CONSUMMATE, adj. Complete; accomplished. L. consummalus. 
 
 See the verb. 
 CONSUMPTION, s. The act of consuming; wasting; state of being 
 
 consumed. L. consumptio. See CONSUME. 
 CON'TACT. s. Touch; junction. L. contactus, p. part, of contingo : 
 
 con, together, and tango, to touch. 
 CONTA'GION. s. Infection, from contact. L. contagio. See CON- 
 TACT. 
 CONTAIN', v. To hold ; to comprise. L. contine.o : con, together, and 
 
 teneo, to hold. 
 CONTAMINATE, v. To corrupt. L. contamino, to mix one thing 
 
 with another. 
 CONTEMN', v. To despise. L. contem.no : con, and temno, to despise : 
 
 G. temno, to cut off. 
 CONTEM'PLATE. v. To study; to have in view. L. contemplor : 
 
 tern-plum, a recess. 
 CONTEMPORARY, or COTEMPORARY. adj. Existing at the 
 
 same time. L. con, together, and temporis, gen. of temp us, time. 
 CONTEMPT', s. Act of despising others; scorn. L. contemptio: 
 
 contemptus, p. part, of contemno. See CONTEMN. 
 CONTEND', v. To strive in opposition. L. contendo ; from con, to- 
 gether, and tendo, to stretch out. 
 CONTENT', adj. Satisfied. L. contentus, p. part, of contineo : con, 
 
 with, and teneo, to hold. 
 CONTENTION, s. Act of contending; strife. L. contentio. See 
 
 CONTEND. 
 
 64 
 
CON— CON 
 
 CONTEST, t». To dispute. L. contestor : eon, together, and testor, 
 
 to aver, or call evidence. 
 CONTEXT, s. General connexion or body of a discourse. L. con- 
 
 textus, woven together, 
 CONTIGUOUS, adj. Meeting, so as to touch. L. contiguus ; from 
 
 contingo. See CONTACT. 
 CONTINENCE, s. Self-restraint; chastity, F. continence : L. conti. 
 
 nentia. See CONTINENT. 
 CONTINENT, adj. Unchangeable ; chaste. F. continent : L. conti. 
 
 nens, part, of contineo : con, together, and teneo, to hold. 
 CONTINENT, s. A vast tract of land, not disjoined by the sea. F. 
 
 continent. See the adjective. 
 CONTIN'GENT. adj. Happening by chance ; accidental. L. contin. 
 
 gens, part, of contingo: con, together, and tango, to touch. 
 CONTINUE, v. To remain; to extend; to protract. L. continuo : 
 
 con, together, and teneo, to hold. 
 CONTINUITY, s. Connexion ; continuation. F. continuile. See 
 
 CONTINUE. 
 CONTORTION, s. Twist; contraction. L, contortio ; from con, to- 
 
 gether, and tortus, p. part, of tor queo, to twist. 
 CONTRACT', v. To draw together ; to lessen in extent ; to bargain. 
 
 L. contractum, sup. of contraho : con, together, and traho, to draw. 
 CONTRACT, s. A bargain. See the verb. 
 CONTRACTION, a. The act of shortening. L. contractio. See 
 
 CONTRACT'. 
 CONTRADICT', v. To deny, or oppose verbally. L. contradictum, 
 
 sup. of contradico : contra, against, and dico, to speak. 
 CONTRA DISTINGUISH, v. To distinguish, by qualities, not only 
 
 different, but opposite. L. contra, opposite to, and distinguish. 
 CONTRARY, adj. Opposite ; adverse. L. contrarius ; contra, against, 
 
 or opposite to. 
 CONTRAST, s. Opposition, in form, colours, &c. F. contraste : L. 
 
 contra, opposite to. 
 CONTRAVALLATION. s. A defence erected parallel with another. 
 
 L. contra, against, and vallum, a defence. 
 CONTRA VE'NE. v. To oppose ; to obstruct ; to baffle. L. contrave- 
 
 nio : contra, against, and venio, to come. 
 CONTRIB'UTE. v. To give aid, in conjunction with one or more 
 
 persons. L. contribuo : con, together, and tribuo, to give. 
 CONTRITE, adj. Penitent. L. contritus, p. part, of c outer o : con, to- 
 gether, and tritus, p. part, of tero, to rub, or break. 
 CONTRI'VE. v. To plan. F. controuver : comme, as or like, and 
 
 tr ouver, to find. 
 CONTROL', s. Check ; restraint. F. controle ; from contre, against, 
 
 and rolle, a list : meaning, a document capable of discovering the 
 
 errors of an account. 
 CONTROVERT', v. To dispute. L. controverto ; from contra, against, 
 
 and verto, to turn, 
 CONTUMACIOUS, adj. Haughty, disobedient, contemptuous. L. 
 
 contumax. See CONTUMELY. 
 CONTUMELY, s. Contempt; reproach. L. contumelia ; from con. 
 
 tra, against, against, and tumeo, to swell. 
 
 f* 65 
 
CON—COO 
 
 CONTUSION, s. Bruise. L. contusio: con, together, and tusus, p, 
 
 part, oftundo, to beat. 
 CONVALES'CENT, adj. Recovering strength, L. convalescens, part. 
 
 of convalesco, to grow strong : valeo, to be able. 
 CONVENE, v. To assemble. L. convenio : con, together, and venio, 
 
 to come. 
 CONVE'NIENT. adj. Suitable; commodious. L. conveniens, part, of 
 
 convenio : con, together, and venio, to come. 
 CON'VENT. s. A monastery, or nunnery. L, conventus, p. part, of 
 
 convenio. See CONVENE. 
 CONVENTICLE, s. A little assembly; a small congregation of 
 
 schismatics, or sectarians ; a secret assembly. L. conventiculum, 
 
 dim. of convenes, a meeting. See CONVENE. 
 CONVEN'TION. s. Act of convening ; an assembly; a contract. L. 
 
 conventio. See CONVENE. 
 CONVERGE', v. To tend towards one point. L. convergo : con, to- 
 gether, and vergo, to incline. 
 CONVER'SANT. adj. Acquainted with, in relation to things. F. 
 
 conversant, part, of converser. See CONVERSE. By this species 
 
 of conversation, things are personified. 
 CONVERSE', v. To talk together. L. conversor ; from con, together, 
 
 and verso, to turn often. 
 CON'VERSE. s. A term in geometry and logic, signifying opposition. 
 
 L. conversus, p. part, of converto. See CONVERT. 
 CONVER'SION. s. The act of converting. L. conversio. See CON- 
 VERT. 
 CONVERT', v. To change ; to appropriate. L. converto : con, with, 
 
 and verto, to turn. 
 CONVEY', v. To carry ; to impart. L. conveho : con, with, and veho, 
 
 to carry. 
 CONVICT', v. To prove guilty. L. convictum, sup. of convinco, to 
 
 vanquish, or convict. 
 CONVICTION, s. Proof of guilt; act of convincing; state of being 
 
 convinced. See CONVICT. 
 CONVINCE', v. To overcome or satisfy by argument. L. convinco, 
 
 to vanquish, or convince. 
 CONVIVIAL, adj. Festal ; social ; cheerful. L. convivialis : con, 
 
 together, and vivo, to live. 
 CONVOCA'TION. s. Act of convoking ; an assembly summoned by 
 
 authority. L. convocatio. See CONVOKE. 
 CONVO'KE. v. To assemble by authority. L. convoco: con, together, 
 
 and voco, to call. 
 CONVOLU'TION. s. The act or state of rolling together. L. convo. 
 
 lutio. See CONVOLVE. 
 CONVOLVE', v. To roll one part upon another. L. convolvo : con, 
 
 together, and volvo, to roll. 
 CONVOY, s. A guard, when passing by land or sea ; things guarded. 
 
 F. convoi : L. con, with, and F. voir, to see. 
 CONVULSE', v. To shake violently into disorder. L. convulsus, p. 
 
 part, of convello : con, together, and vello, to tug. 
 COOK. s. One who dresses and prepares food for the table. L. co- 
 
 quus ; from coquo, to boil. 
 
 66 
 
COO— COR 
 
 CO-OP'ERATE. v. To labour or act jointly. L. con, together, and 
 
 operate. 
 CO-OR'DINATE. adj. Having the same rank. L. con, together, and 
 
 ordinatus, p. part, of nrdino, to range. 
 CO'PIOUS. adj. Plentiful. L. copiosus ; from copia, plenty. 
 COP'ULA. s. In logic, signifies the word which unites the subject and 
 
 predicate of a proposition. L. copula ; from copulo, to couple. See 
 
 COUPLE. 
 COP'ULATIVE, adj. A term in grammar and logic. L. copulalivus. 
 
 See COPULA. 
 COP'Y. s. Exact resemblance. F. copie : L. copia, fulness ; because, 
 
 a copy contains the whole matter or form of the original. 
 COQUET', s. A female who assiduously endeavours to gain admirers. 
 
 F. coquette ; from queter, to search. 
 CO' RAM NON JUD'ICE. Before an improper tribunal. L. coram, 
 
 before, non, not, judice, abl. of judex, a judge. 
 CORDELI'ER. One of a celebrated order of monks, established in 
 
 France, in the reign of Louis VIII.; so called from a cord which 
 
 they wore around their waist. F. cordon, a string or cord. 
 COR'DIAL. s. A stimulating or comforting medicine. F. cordial : 
 
 L. cor, the heart. 
 COR'DIAL. adj. Comforting ; sincere ; friendly. F. cordial : L. cor, 
 
 the heart. 
 CORDON', s. An extensive line of soldiers, to prevent communication 
 
 between different places. F. cordon, a string. 
 CORE. s. The inner part, generally of vegetables. F. cceur : L. cor, 
 
 the heart. 
 COR'NEA. s. The horny coat of the eye. L. cornea ; from cornv, a horn. 
 COR'NEOUS. adj. Horny ; like horn. L. corneus : cornu, a horn. 
 CORNI'GEROUS. adj. Having horns. L. corniger : cornu, a horn, 
 
 and gero, to bear. 
 CORNUCO'PIA. s. A heathenish fiction, referring to the horn said to 
 
 have been broken off from Achelous, by Hercules. L. cornucopia : 
 
 Cornu, a horn, and copia, abundance. 
 CORNU'TED. adj. Horned. L. cornutus : cornu, a horn. 
 COR'OLLARY. s. Conclusion ; surplus of a train of reasoning. L. 
 
 corolla, a little crown : meaning, figuratively, that which crowns or 
 
 finishes the whole. 
 CORONA'TION. s. The act of crowning. L. corona, a crown. 
 COR'ONER. s. An officer whose chief duty is to inquire, on the part 
 
 of a sovereign, or state, how any violent or accidental death was 
 
 caused. F. coronaire : L. corona, a crown. 
 COR'ONET. s. The crown of a nobleman. L. corona, a crown ; 
 
 through the Italian dim. coronetta. 
 COR'PORAL. adj. Relating to the body. L. corporalis : corpus, a 
 
 body, or any substance. 
 CORPORA'TION. s. A chartered company ; persons embodied. L. 
 
 corpus, a body. 
 CORPO'REAL. adj. Havinp- a body ; not spiritual. L. corporeus. 
 
 See CORPORAL. 
 CORPS, s. A body of soldiers ; a professional body. (Pronounced 
 
 core.) F. corps : L. corpus, a body. 
 
 67 
 
COR— COS 
 
 CORPS DIPLOMATIQUE. The diplomatic body. F. corps, a 
 
 body, and diplomatique, diplomatic. 
 CORPSE, s. A dead human body. L. corpus, a body. 
 COR'PULENT. adj. Large in flesh. L. corpulentus ; from corpus, 
 
 the body, and lentus, heavy. 
 CORPUS'CLE. s. A particle of matter. L. corpusculum, a small 
 
 body ; dim. of corpus, a body. 
 CORRECT', adj. Revised or finished with correctness ; free from 
 
 faults. L. correctus, p. part, of corrigo ; con, and rego, to rule. 
 CORRELATIVE, adj. Having reciprocal relation. L. con, together, 
 
 and relative. 
 CORRESPOND', v. To communicate by alternate letters ; to fit. L. 
 
 con, together, and respondeo, to answer. 
 COR'RIDOR. s. A gallery or long aisle around a building. F. 
 COR'RUGATE. v. To wrinkle; to draw or contract into folds. L. 
 
 corrugo : con, with, and rugo, to wrinkle. 
 COR'RIGIBLE. adj. Relating to that which can be amended. F. cor- 
 rigible : L. corrigo, to set right ; con, and rego, to govern. 
 CORROB'ORATE. v. To strengthen by additional evidence. L. cor. 
 
 roboro ; from con, together, and roboro, to strengthen. 
 CORRO'DE. v. To consume slowly. L. corrodo, to gnaw. 
 CORRUPT', adj. Unsound ; infected ; depraved. L. corruptus, p. part. 
 
 of corrumpo : con, together, and rumpo, to break. 
 CORSAIR, s. A pirate. F. 
 CORSE, s. A term, used by poets, to denote a dead human body. See 
 
 CORPSE. 
 CORSE'LET. s. A light armour for the fore part of the body. F. 
 
 corselet ; from corps, a body : L. corpus. 
 COR'SET. s. A pair of stays for a woman. F. corset; from corps, a 
 
 body : L. corpus. 
 CORTEGE, s. A train or retinue of attendants or followers. F. 
 COR'TICATED. adj. Resembling the bark or rind of a tree. L. cor- 
 
 ticatus ; from cortex, bark. 
 CORUS'CANT. adj. Glittering. L. coruscans, part, of corusco, to 
 
 glitter. 
 COR YMBIF'E ROUS. adj. Producing corymbs ; bearing fruit, berries, 
 
 or flowers, in clusters. L. coryinbifer ; corymbus, a cluster of ivy 
 
 berries, and fero, to bear. 
 COSMETIC, adj. Beautifying. F. cosmetique: G. kosmetikos ; from 
 
 kosmeo, to adorn. 
 COSMOG'ONY. s. The formation of the world. G. kosmos, the world, 
 
 and gone, generation. 
 COSMOGRAPHY, s. A description of the world or universe. G. 
 
 kosmographia : kosmos, the world, and grapho, to write. 
 COSMOLOGY, s. The science of the general system of the world. 
 
 G. kosmos, the world, and logos, a word or description. 
 COSMOPOLITAN, or COSMOP'OLITE. s. A citizen of the world. 
 
 G. kosmos, the world, and polites, a citizen. 
 COS'TAL. adj. Pertaining to the side of the body, or the ribs. F. 
 
 costal ; from L. costa, a rib. 
 COS'TUME. s. In painting, the different customs of times and places, 
 
 with which a painter must conform, with regard to dress, &c. F, 
 
 68 
 
COT— COU 
 
 COTEM'PORARY. adj. Living or being at the same time. L. con, 
 
 with, and tempus, time. 
 COTER'MINOUS. adj. Terminating at the same point; ending at 
 
 the same time ; having a common boundary. L. con, together, and 
 
 terminus, a boundary or limit. 
 COTILLON, or COTILLION, s. A species of dance. F. cotillon ; 
 
 meaning, originally, a petticoat : that part of the dress being in the 
 
 dance, occasionally extended by the hands. 
 COUCH, s. A seat for repose ; a bed. F. couche, a bed. 
 COUCH ANT. adj. Couching ; squatting. F. couchant, part, of coucher, 
 
 to lie down. 
 COULTER, s. The sharp iron of the plough which cuts the earth, 
 
 L. cultus, p. part, of colo, to till. 
 COUN'SELLOR. -s. An adviser. L. consiliarius. See CONSULT. 
 COUNT, v. To number ; to reckon ; to impute or charge ; to depend 
 
 on. L. computo. See COMPUTE. 
 COUNT, s. One of a certain rank of nobility, on the continent of Eu- 
 rope. In Latin, the counts are called comites, (a title first used in 
 
 the German empire,) from being the king's attendants. L. comes, a 
 
 companion. 
 COUNTENANCE, s. Form of the face; patronage. F. contenance: 
 
 L. con, together, and tenens, part, of teneo, to hold, or remain : mean- 
 ing, that, all the features are contemplated in one view. 
 COUNTER, adj. Contrary ; opposite. F. contre : L. contra, against. 
 COUNTERACT', v. To labour against. See COUNTER and ACT. 
 COUNTERFEIT, s. A deceitful imitation. F. contrefait, part, of 
 
 contrefaire ; from contre, against, and faire, to make. 
 COUNTERMAND', v. To repeal a command. F. contremander : L. 
 
 contra, against, and mando, to give orders. 
 COUNTERMARCH', v. To march back, over the same ground. See 
 
 COUNTER and MARCH. 
 COUNTERMI'NE. v. To perforate an enemy's mine ; to defeat one 
 
 stratagem by another. See COUNTER and MINE. 
 COUNTERMO'TION. s. Contrary motion. See COUNTER and 
 
 MOTION. 
 COUNTERPOISE, v. To counterbalance. See COUNTER and 
 
 POISE. 
 COUNTERSIGN, v. To sign additionally, as secretary or clerk. See 
 
 COUNTER and SIGN. 
 COUNTERTENOR, s. A term in music. See COUNTER and 
 
 TENOR. 
 COUNTERVAIL', v. To oppose with an equal degree of power. L. 
 
 contra, ngainst, and valeo, to be able. 
 COUNTERWORK', v. To counteract. See COUNTER and WORK. 
 COUN'TY. s. That division of a country, formerly placed under the 
 
 jurisdiction of a count, now called, in England, a sheriff. See 
 
 COUNT. 
 COUP BE GRACE. The stroke which terminated the sufferings 
 
 of those who had been broken on the wheel. F. coup, a stroke, de, 
 
 of, grace, favour, or mercy. 
 COUP DE MAIN. A bold and sudden enterprise. F. coup, a blow 
 
 or action, de, of, main, the hand. 
 
 69 
 
COU— CRE 
 
 COUP D'ESSAI. First experiment; first trial. F. 
 
 COUP D03IL. The entire view, suddenly taken. F. coup, a stroke, 
 de, of, ceil, the eye. 
 
 COUPLE, s. A means of joining two things; two; a male and his 
 female. F. couple : L. copula ; from copulo, to join : con, together, 
 and pulsus, p. part, of pello, to drive. 
 
 COUR'AGE. s. Bravery, of the highest kind ; active fortitude. F. 
 courage : coeur, the heart : L. cor. 
 
 COURIER, s. A messenger, sent express. F. courier : L. cvrro, to 
 run. 
 
 COURSE, s. Race ; progress ; way. F. course : L. cursus, a race ; 
 from curro, to run. 
 
 COURT, v. To flatter ; to endeavour to please by civilities and ad- 
 dress ; a use of the word derived from the manners of a court; to 
 woo; to solicit for marriage; to solicit. See COURTEOUS. 
 
 COUR'TEOUS. adj. Having the refined manners of a court ; polite. 
 
 F. courtois ; cour, a court. L. curia. 
 
 COUSTN. s. Any one collaterally related, more remotely than a bro- 
 ther or a sister. F. cousin : L. consanguineus : con, together, and 
 sanguis, blood. See GERMAN. 
 
 COVE. s. A recess ; a circular bay. F. cove, a pigeon-hole ; couver, 
 to be hidden. 
 
 COVENANT, s. A contract. F. convenant, part, of convenir, to 
 agree : L. con, together, and venio, to come. 
 
 COVERT, s. A shelter ; a hiding place. F. couvert, shelter : couver, 
 to lurk. 
 
 COVERT, adj. Sheltered ; having the legal privileges of a married 
 woman. See the noun. 
 
 COVERTURE, s. In law, the condition of a woman during her mar- 
 riage. See FEME CO VER T. 
 
 COVEY, s. A brood of partridges. F. couvee ; from couver, to brood 
 or sit on. L. cubo. 
 
 COVIN, s. A collusive or deceitful agreement between two or more, 
 to defraud a third person. L. con, together, and venio, to come. 
 
 CRANIOL'OGY. s. A discourse or treatise on the cranium or skull. 
 
 G. kranion, the skull, and logos, discourse. 
 
 CRANIO METER, s. An instrument for measuring the skulls of ani- 
 mals. G. kranion, the skull, and metron, measure. 
 CRAPE, s. A thin transparent stuff, gummed and twisted on the mill. 
 
 F. crepe, and creper, to curl. 
 CRATE, s. A pannier and wicker basket. L. crates, a bundle of rods 
 
 wattled together. 
 CRAY'ON. s. A kind of pencil, or roll of paste, to draw lines with. 
 
 F. from craie, chalk. L. creta. 
 CRA'Z Y. adj. Shattered ; mentally deranged. F. ecraze, part, of ecra- 
 
 ser, to break into pieces. 
 CREA'TE. v. To originate ; to make. L. creatus, p. part, of creo, to 
 
 make. 
 CREAT'URE. s. Thing created. See CREATE. 
 CRE'DENCE. s. Belief. L. credens, part, of credo, to believe. 
 CREDEN'DA. Things to be believed ; articles of religious faith. L. 
 
 credenda ; to be believed : a part, of credo. 
 
 70 
 
CRE— CRU 
 
 CREDENTIAL, s. That which authorizes belief. See CREDENCE. 
 CREDIBLE, adj. Worthy of belief. L. credibilis. See CREDENCE. 
 CRED'IT. s. Belief; trust ; respectability ; allowance. F. credit : L. 
 
 creditus, p. part, of credo, to believe. 
 CREDITOR, s. One to whom another is indebted. L. creditor. See 
 
 CREDIT. 
 CREDU'LITY. s. Incautious belief. F. credulite. See CREDIT. 
 CREED, s. Form of belief. L. credo, I believe; which is the first 
 
 word in the apostles' creed. 
 CREMA'TION. s. The act of burning. L. crematio : cremo, to burn. 
 CREPITATION, s. The act of bursting- with a frequent repetition 
 
 of sharp sounds ; crackling. L. crepito, to crackle ; crepo, to creak 
 
 as a door. 
 CREPUS'CLE. s. Twilight ; a little burst or break of light. L. ere- 
 
 pusculum : crepo, to crack. 
 CRES'CENT. s. A resemblance of the moon, when apparently in- 
 creasing ; adj. increasing. L. crescens, part, of cresco, to increase. 
 CRES'CIVE. adj. Increasing. L. cresco, to increase. 
 CREST, s. A plume of feathers ; a term in heraldry ; curve of a 
 
 horse's neck. L. crista, a tuft, or plume. 
 CRETACEOUS, adj. Having the qualities of chalk. L. creta, chalk. 
 CREVICE, s. A cleft; a fissure. F. crevasse: from L. crepo, to 
 
 burst. 
 CRIMTNAL. adj. Faulty ; chargeable with a crime. L. crimen, a 
 
 crime. 
 CRI'SIS. s. The height, or turn of a disease; critical time. L. crisis : 
 
 G.krisis: Jcrino, to judge : because the symptoms have become more 
 
 evident, and an opinion is the more easily formed. 
 CRITE'RION. s. A mark ; a sign. G. Jcriterion ; from Jcrites, a judge. 
 CRIT'IC. s. One who is fond of examining and observing. G. krilikos : 
 
 krites, a judge ; krino, to judge. 
 CRIT'IC AL. adj. In the manner of a critic; exact; nicely judicious. 
 
 See CRITIC. 
 CROSIER, s. A bishop's staff. F. crosier : L. crux, a cross. 
 CRU'CIBLE. s. A chemist's melting-pot. Low L. crucibulum : G. 
 
 chrusos, gold ; alluding to its use in melting this metal. 
 CRU'CIFIX. s. A representation of Christ's death. L. crucifixus : 
 
 crucis, gen. of crux, a cross, and Jixus, fastened. 
 CRU'CIFORM. adj. Having the form of a cross. L. crusos, gen. of 
 
 crux, a cross, and forma, shape. 
 CRUDE, adj. Unfinished ; impure. L. crudus, raw. 
 CRU'EL. adj. Barbarous ; delighting to hurt others; inhuman. L. 
 
 crudelis ; from crudus, raw, rough, or untutored. 
 CRUISE, s. A sea-adventure. F. croise : L. crux, a cross. The first 
 
 cruisers displayed the cross, and plundered only infidels. 
 CRU'R AL. adj. Belonging to the leg. F. crural : L. cruris, gen. of 
 
 crus, a leg. 
 CRUSADE, s. An expedition against infidels. F. croisade. See 
 
 CRUISE. 
 CRUST A'CEOUS. adj. Covered with a shell, in joints, — not with one 
 
 continued, uninterrupted shell. A lobster is crustaceous ; an oyster, 
 
 testaceous. L. crustatus : crusta t a crust. 
 
 71 
 
CRY-CUR 
 
 CRYPTO'GRAPHY. s. The science of writing secret characters; 
 
 ciphers. G. krupto, to hide, and grapho, to write. 
 CRYPTOL'OGY. s. Enigmatical language. G. krupto, to hide, and 
 
 logos, a word. 
 CRYSTAL, s. A hard, transparent, colourless body. F. crystal : L. 
 
 cryslallus : G. krustallos, ice. 
 CUBA'TION. s. The act of lying down. L. cubatio : cubatus, p. part. 
 
 of cubo, to lie down. 
 CUBE. s. A regular, solid body, having six square and equal sides, and 
 
 all its angles right angles : hence, the arithmetical term, cube-root. 
 
 L. cubus : G. kubos, a die, such as that used in gambling. 
 CU'BIT. s. An ancient measure, equal to the length of a man's arm 
 
 from the elbow to the extremity of the fingers ; about eighteen 
 
 inches. L. cubitum ; from cubitus, an elbow. 
 CUBOI'DAL. adj. Cubiform ; in the shape of a cube. G. kubos, a 
 
 cube, and eidos, form. 
 CUI BO'NO. What advantage will result? L. cui, to what, bono, 
 
 good : (dat. of quis and bonus.) 
 CUI MA'LO. What mischief will result? L. cui, to what, malo, evil: 
 
 (dat. of quis and malus.) 
 CUI'RASS. s. A breastplate. F. from cosur ; L. cor, the heart. 
 CU'LINARY. adj. Relating to a kitchen. L. culina, a kitchen. 
 CULL. v. To choose. F. cueillir, to gather. 
 
 CULLIBILTTY. s. Credulity ; easiness of belief. F. cueillir, to ga- 
 ther. 
 CULMIFEREOUS. adj. Producing stalks. L. culmus, a stalk, and 
 
 fero, to bear. 
 CUL'MINATE. v. To be vertical; to be in the meridian. L. culmen t 
 
 the top. 
 CUL'PABLE. adj. Blamable; criminal. L. culpabilis : culpa, a fault. 
 CUL'PRIT. s. One accused. L. culpa, a fault. 
 CUL'TIVATE. s. To improve ; to till. F. cultiver : L. cultum, sup. 
 
 of colo, to till. 
 CUM'BROUS. adj. Burthensome ; oppressive. L. cumbo, to lie down. 
 CUM MULTIS ALUS. With many other persons, or things. L. 
 
 cum, with, multis, many, aliis, others : (abl. pi. of mult us and alius.) 
 CUMULATIVE, adj. Heaping one thing upon another ; adding one 
 
 things to another. L. cumulus, a heap. 
 CU'NEAL. adj. Relating to a wedge. L. cuneus, a wedge. 
 CU'NIFORM. adj. Having the shape or form of a wedge. L. cuneus, 
 
 a wedge, and forma, form. 
 CUPID'ITY. s. Unlawful desire. L. cupiditas : cupio, to desire. 
 CU'PREOUS. adj. Partaking of copper. L. cupreus : cuprum, copper. 
 CU'RATE. s. A clergyman paid to officiate for a superior. L. curator ; 
 
 from cura, care. 
 CURATOR, s. A superintendent. L. curator : cura, care. 
 CURB. v. To restrain. F. courbir, to bend. 
 CURE. v. To heal; to prepare for keeping. L. euro; from cura, 
 
 care. 
 CUR FEW. s. A signal made in England, by the Normans, at a cer- 
 tain hour in the evening, when every housekeeper must extinguish 
 
 his light. F. couvrez feu, cover the fire. 
 
 72 
 
CUR— DAT 
 
 CU'RIOUS. adj. Inquisitive; worthy of notice. L» curiosus ; from 
 cur a, care, or concern. 
 
 CUR RENT. adj. Passing from one to another ; circulating-. L. cur- 
 rens, part, of cm/to, to run. 
 
 CUK'RENT. s. A stream.— See the adjective. 
 
 CUR'SORY. adj. Hasty; slight; superficial. L. cursorius : curso, to 
 run backwards and forwards: freq. of curro, to run. 
 
 CURTAIL', v. To cut short; to diminish in length; to lessen. F. 
 courte, short, and tailler, to cut. 
 
 CURVE, v. To bend. L. curvo, to bend. 
 
 CURVET', v. To play, as a horse. L. curvo, to bend. 
 
 CURVILIN'EAR. adj. Relating to a curved line. L. curvus, bent, 
 and linen, a line. 
 
 CUSTODY, s. Charge ; confinement. L. custodia ; from custos, a 
 keeper. 
 
 CUS'TOS-ROTULORUM. s. An officer who has the custody of the 
 county-records. L. custos, a keeper, rotulorum, of the rolls [of 
 written parchment or paper.] 
 
 CUTA'NEOUS. adj. Relating or belonging to the skin. L. cutis, the 
 skin. 
 
 CU'TICLE. s. The outermost covering of the body ; that very tender 
 skin which rises in a blister. L. cuticula, dim. of cutis, the skin. 
 
 CUT'LER. s. One who makes, repairs, or sells knives. F. coutelier : 
 L. culler, a knife. 
 
 CY'CLE. s. A circle; a revolution of time. G. kuklos, a circle. 
 
 CY'CLOID. s. A species of geometrical curve. G. kukloeides : kuklos, 
 a circle, and eidos, a shape. 
 
 CYCLOPtE DIA. s. A book which treats of all the sciences. G. kuklos, 
 a circle, and paideia, instruction. 
 
 CY'CLOPS. s. A fabled race of men, of gigantic stature, who inha- 
 bited the western part of Sicily, and were said to have only one eye, 
 in the middle of the forehead. L. Cyclopes: G. kuklops : comp. of 
 kuklos, a circle, and ops, an eye. 
 
 CYGNET, s. A young swan. L. cycnus, or cygnus, a swan. 
 
 CYLINDER, s. A body having two flat surfaces, and one circular. 
 L. cylindrus: G. kulindreo, to roll. 
 
 CYL'INDROIDE. s. That which in form resembles a cylinder : comp. 
 of CYLINDER, and G. oidos, form. 
 
 CYM'BAL. s. A species of musical instrument. L. cymbalum ; from 
 cymha, a cup. G. kumbos, a cavity. 
 
 CYNTC. s. A follower of Diogenes; a disagreeable, snarling fellow. 
 L. cynicus : G. kunikos ; from kuon, a dog. 
 
 CY'NOSURE. s. The constellation near the north pole, consisting of 
 seven stars. As seamen are accustomed to steer by this constella- 
 tion, it is sometimes figuratively used for that which directs or at- 
 tracts attention. Gr. kunosoura, the tail of the dog; ursa minor, the 
 little bear. 
 
 D. 
 
 DAC'TYLE. s. A poetical foot, consisting of one long, and two short 
 syllables ; as numine. L. dactylus : G. daktulos, a finger : alluding 
 to the joints of a finger. 
 
 o > 73 
 
DAM— DEC 
 
 DAM'AGE. s. Injury, which lessens the value ; hurt. F. dommaget 
 L. damnum, loss. 
 
 DAM' ASK. s. A species of figured silk stuff, originally from Damas- 
 cus ; a kind of wrought- linen, in imitation of the damask silks; red 
 colours from the damask rose. 
 
 DAME. s. Literally, a mistress; hence, a lady ; a title of honour to a 
 woman. It is now applied generally to the mistress of a family, in 
 the common ranks of life. F. dame; L. domina, a mistress. 
 
 DAMN. v. To condemn; to curse. L. damino, to condemn : from 
 damnum, injury. 
 
 DAM'SEL. s. A young gentlewoman; a country lass. F. damoiselle, 
 or demoiselle, dim. of dame, a lady. 
 
 DAMSON, s. A species of small plum. Contracted from damascene, 
 the Damascus plum. 
 
 DATA. Things given, or premises, as grounds of argument. — Sing, 
 DA TUM. L. datus, p. part, of do, to give. 
 
 DATE. s. Period of time when an action is performed, or when an 
 event happened. L. datus, p. part, of do, to give, or make. 
 
 DA'TIVE. adj. A case in grammar, denoting to whom given. L. da- 
 trims: datus, p. part, of do, to give. 
 
 DAUNT, v. To intimidate. F. dumpier: L. domito, to tame. 
 
 DEA'CON. s. A person in the lowest degree of holy orders. L. dia- 
 conus ; G. konos: dia, through, and koneo, to serve. 
 
 DEAN. s. One of a certain order in the episcopal church ; the second 
 dignitary of a diocese; an officer of a certain rank in a university. 
 F. doyen: L. decanus : from the G. deka, ten ; because, a dean was 
 originally pl.ced over ten prebendaries. 
 
 DEBAR', v. To prevent. F. de, from, and barre, a bolt or bar. 
 
 DEBARK', v. To come on shore. F. debarquer: de, from, and barque, 
 a boat. 
 
 DEBA'SE. v To degrade; to adulterate. See BASE. 
 
 DEBA'TE. v. To dispute; to deliberate. F. debatre : L. de, concern- 
 ing, and batuo, to combat. 
 
 DEBENTURE, s. Written evidence of a debt, signed on account of a 
 state or public company. F. debenture: L. debeo, to owe. 
 
 DEBILTTY. s. Weakness: feebleness. L. debilitas : de, from, and 
 habilitas, ability. See ABILITY. 
 
 DEB IT. s. In mercantile language, signifies the debtor side of an ac- 
 count, or an item placed at the debtor side. L. debitus, p. part, of 
 debeo, to owe. 
 
 DEBOUCH', v. To issue or march out of a narrow place, or from de- 
 files, as troops. F. deboucher : de, from, and bouche, a mouth. 
 
 DEBT. s. Something due. L. debitum ; from debeo, to owe. 
 
 DECADE, s. The sum often. F. decade : G. deka, ten. 
 
 DECA'DENCE. s. Decline; fall. F. decadence: L. de, from, and ca- 
 dens, part, of cado, to fall. 
 
 DECAGON, s. A plain figure having ten sides and ten angles. G. 
 deka, ten, and gonia, a corner. 
 
 DECALOGUE, s. The Ten Commandments. G. dekalogos : deka, 
 ten, and logos, a word. 
 
 DECAL'VATE. v. To make bald. L. calms, bald. 
 
 74 
 
DEC— DEC 
 
 DECAMP', v. To go from the site of a camp ; to depart. F. decamper : 
 
 de, from, and camp, a camp. 
 DECANT', v. To pour off gently, by inclination. L. decanto ; de, 
 
 from, and canto, to sing, or repeat often the same thing. 
 DECAPTTATE. v. To behead. L. decapito : de, from, and caput, 
 
 the head. 
 DECAY', v. Tft become infirm ; to rot. F. dechoir : L. decado : de- 
 
 from, and cado, to fall. 
 DECEASE', s. Death. L. decessus : decedo, to depart : de, from, and 
 
 cedo, to go. 
 DEC E' DENT. s. In law, one who has died. L. decedens, part, of de. 
 
 cedo, to depart. 
 DECEIT', s. Fraud ; artifice. L. deceptio : from deceptus, p. part, of 
 
 decipio: de, from, and capio, to take. 
 DECEIVE', v. To use deceit. L. decipio. See DECEIT. 
 DECEMBER, s. The twelfth month ; but, formerly, the tenth, when 
 
 the year began in March. L. December ; from decern, ten. 
 DECEM'VIRATE. s. The office of the ten governors of Rome. L. 
 
 decemviratits : decern, ten, and viri, men. 
 DECEN'NARY. s. A civil division, comprising, by a law of Alfred, 
 
 ten freeholders and their families. L. decern, ten. 
 DE'CENT. adj. Becoming ; modest. L. decens, part, of deceo, to be- 
 
 come. 
 DECEP'TION. s. The act of deceiving. This word conveys a less 
 
 immoral meaning than deceit ; though it is derived from the same 
 
 word. L. deceptio. See DECEIT. 
 DECERPT', adj. Cropped. L. decerptus, p. part, of decerpo : de, from, 
 
 and carpo, to pluck. 
 DECES'SION. s. A departure ; act of going away. L. decessio : de. 
 
 cessus, p. part, of decedo : de, from, and cedo, to depart. 
 DECI'DE. v. To conclude ; to determine. L. decido : de, from, and 
 
 cado, to cut. 
 DECIDUOUS, adj. Losing the foliage at the end of a season. L. 
 
 deciduus : decido : de, from, and cado, to fall. 
 DE'CIMAL. adj. Numbered by ten. L. decimus, the tenth : decern, 
 
 ten. 
 DE'CIMATE. v. To take the tenth part. L. decimo : decern, ten. 
 DECISIVE, adj. Conclusive ; determined. F.decisif. See DECIDE. 
 DECLAIM', v. To harangue; to speak to the passions. L. declamo : 
 
 de, concerning, and oh mo, to call out. 
 DECLA'RE. v. To publish ; to assert. L. declaro ; from de, concern- 
 ing, and claro, to brighten. 
 DECLEN'SION. s. Act of declining ; declination; decay; inflexion 
 
 of nouns. L. declinatio. See DECLINE. 
 DECLINE, v. To bend from; to refuse; to decay. L. declino : de, 
 
 from, and clino, to brmd. 
 DECLIVITY, s. Inclination, reckoned downwards. L. declivitas : 
 
 de, from, and clious, a slnp>'. 
 DECOCTION, s. Act of boiling any thing; an extract by boiling. 
 
 F. decoction: L. decoctum : decoquo : de, from, and coqno, to boil. 
 DECOL'LATE. v. To cut through the neck. L. decoUo : de, from, 
 
 and collum, the neck. 
 
 75 
 
DEC— DEF 
 
 DECOMPOSE, v. To separate ; to disturb. L. de, from, and compose. 
 DECORATE, v. To adorn. L. decoro: decor, beauty. 
 DECOROUS, adj. Decent ; proper. L. decorus. See DECORUM. 
 DECO'RUM. s. Decency; propriety. L. decorum : decor, decency. 
 DECREA'SE. v. To diminish. L. decresco : de, signifying from, or 
 
 deprivation, and cresco, to grow. 
 DECREE', v. To enact; to resolve. L. decretum, sup. of decerno : 
 
 rfapcortcefning, and cerno, to see, or judge. 
 DECREMENT, s. Decrease ; the quantity lost by decreasing. L. 
 
 decrementum ; from descresco. See DECREASE. 
 DECREP'IT. adj. Infirm. L. decrepitus ; from de, and crepo, to 
 
 creak, or jingle. 
 DECRE'TAL. adj. Relating to a decree. F. decretal. See DECREE. 
 DECUPLE, adj. Tenfold. L. decuplus : G. deka, ten. 
 DEDECORATE. v. To strip of ornament; to disgrace. L. dedecoro : 
 
 de, from, and decorus, gen. of decus, honour. 
 DEDICATE, v. To assign or devote to a patron ; to appropriate. L. 
 
 dedico : de, from, and dico, to appoint. 
 DEDU'CE. v. To draw, in a connected series ; to infer. L. deduco : 
 
 de, from, and duco, to draw, or bring. 
 DEDUCT, v. To subtract. L. deductum, sup. of deduco : de, from, 
 
 and duco, to draw. 
 DEED. s. Written evidence of a grant, or of any legal act; action; 
 
 exploit; reality. L. dedi, I have given : perfect tense of do, to give. 
 DEFA'CE. v. To disfigure ; to erase. L. de, from, and face. 
 BE FACTO. From the fact. L. de, from, facto, abl. of factum, a. 
 
 thing done. See DE JURE. 
 DEFAL'CATE. v. To cut off; to take away or deduct a part ; used 
 
 chiefly of money, accounts, rents, &c. L. defalco : de, from, and 
 
 falx, a sickle. 
 DEFAME, v. To injure in character. L. de, from, and fame. 
 DEFEA'SANCE. s. Act of annulling a contract ; the written instru- 
 ment, in which the defeasance is contained. F. See DEFEASIBLE. 
 DEFEA'SIBLE. adj. Subject to be annulled or abrogated. F. defaire, 
 
 to undo. L. de, from, and facio, to make. 
 DEFEAT, s. Overthrow. F. defaite : defait, part, of defaire, to undo: 
 
 L. de, from, and facio, to make. 
 DEFECATE, v. To purge from lees or foulness ; to purify. L. de- 
 
 fceco : de, from, and fcscis, gen. of fax, dregs. 
 DEFECT', s. Absence of something necessary ; imperfection. L. de. 
 ■ feclus, p. part, of dejicio : de, from, and facio, to make. 
 DEFECTION, s. Desertion ; revolt. L. defectio. See DEFECT. 
 DEFEND', v. To protect; to vindicate. L. defendo : de, from, and 
 
 fendo, to guard. 
 DEFER', v. To put off; to delay. L. differ o : de, from, and fero, to 
 
 carry. 
 DEF'ERENCE. s. Respect. F. deference : L. de, from, and fero, to 
 
 carry, or incline : that is, to withdraw to a respectful distance. 
 DEFICIENT, adj. Defective; incomplete. L. deficiens. See DE- 
 
 FECT. 
 DEFI'NE. v. To describe precisely ; to explain. L. definio ; from de % 
 
 concerning, zndjinis, a boundary, 
 
 76 
 
DEF— DEL 
 
 DEFINITE, adj. Limited ; certain. L. definitus. See DEFINE. 
 DEFINI'TION. s. Act of defining; precise description ; explanation. 
 
 L. dejinilio. See DEFINE. 
 DEFLECTION, or DEFLEXION, s. Deviation. L. defiexus, p. 
 
 part, ofdejieclo: de, from, and Jlecto, to bend. 
 DEFLUOUS. adj. Flowing downwards. L. defluus : de, from, and 
 
 fluo, to flow. 
 DEFLUXTON. s. In medical language, the flow of humours down- 
 
 wards. L. dejiuxio : dejluxus, part, of defiuo : de, from, and Jiao, 
 
 to flow. 
 DEFRAUD', v. To cheat. L. defraudo: fraus, (gen. fraudis) deceit. 
 DEGEN ERATE. v. To become inferior to a progenitor. L. degerte- 
 
 ro : de, from, and genus, a race; that is, to tall from its own kind. 
 DEGLUTl'TION. s. The act of swallowing. L.deglutio: de, from, 
 
 and glulio, to swallow. 
 DEGRA'DE. v. To lower in rank ; to disgrace. F. degrader: L. de, 
 
 from, Hnd gradus, a step, or degree. 
 DEGREE', s. Relative situation ; rank, measure. F. degre : L. de, 
 
 from, and gradus, a step. 
 DEHIS'CEN'T. adj. Opening, as the capsule of a plant. L. dehiscens, 
 
 pnrt. oCdehhco : de, from, and hisco, to g.ipe. 
 DEHORTA'TION. s. Dis>uasion. L. de, from, and hortor, to advise. 
 DETFY. v. To invest with the title of a god; to adore as a god. F. 
 
 deifier : L. deus, a god, and jio, to be made. 
 DEIGN, v. To think worthy ; to vouchsafe. F. daigner. L. dignor : 
 
 dignus, worthy. 
 DEIN TEGRATE. v. To take from the whole ; to spoil. L. de, from, 
 
 and integer, a whole. 
 DETST. s. One who believes in God, but denies revelation. F. dmsle ; 
 
 from the L. deus, God. 
 DETTY. s. God; also a heathen god. F. deite ; L. deus, God, or a 
 
 god. G. Theos. 
 DEJECT', v. To depress in spirits. L. dejectum, sup. of dejicio: de, 
 
 from, and jacio, to throw. 
 DE JURE. From the law; by law. L. de, from, jure, abl. of jus, 
 
 right, or law. A king is said to be such de facto, when in possession 
 
 of the throne, however obtained; and dejure, when he has the heie- 
 
 ditary right. See DE FA C TO. 
 DELACTA'TION. s. Act of weaning from the breast. L. de, from, 
 
 and lac, milk. 
 DELAY', v. To prolong the time of acling or proceeding ; to put off; 
 
 to retard ; to detain. F. delai, to delay : L. dilatus, p. part, of dif- 
 
 fero, to scatter abroad, to put off. 
 DELECTABLE, adj. Delightful. L. delectnbilis : delecio, to allure. 
 DEL'EGATE. v. To depute for a special purpose. L. dtlego : de, 
 
 from, and lego, (legare,) to intrust. 
 DELE'TION. s. Act of blotting out. L. deletus, p. part, of deleo, to 
 
 blot out. 
 DELETERIOUS, adj. Destructive ; poisonous. L. deleterius : deleo, 
 
 to blot out, or destroy. 
 DELIB'ERATE. v. To weigh in the mind; to hesitate. L. ddibero; 
 
 de, concerning, and libra, a balance, 
 
 o» 7? 
 
BEL— DEM 
 
 DEL'IBLE. adj. Capable of being destroyed, or effaced. L. deleo, to 
 
 blot out. 
 DELICATE, adj. Pleasing; soft; weak. F. deiicat : L. delicatus : 
 
 delicia, delights. See DELIGHT. 
 DELICIOUS, adj. Sweet ; pleasant. F. delicieux. See DELICATE. 
 DELIGHT', v. To please highly. L. delecto : de, from, and lacto, to 
 
 allure. 
 DELIN'EATE. v. To draw the lines of any thing ; to describe. L. 
 
 delineo ; from de, concerning, and linea, a line. 
 DELINQUENT, s. One who commits a breach of trust. L. delin- 
 
 quens, part, of delinquo, to omit: linquo, to forsake. 
 DELIQUESCE', v. To become fluid. L. deliquesco: deliqueo, to melt. 
 DELIRIUM, s. An alienation of mind, connected with fever. L. 
 
 from deliro, to rave. 
 DELIVER, v. To release ; to relate ; to assign. F. delivrer : L. de, 
 
 from, and libero, to free. 
 DEL'PHINE. adj. Pertaining to the dolphin. L. delphinus, a dol- 
 phin ; pertaining to the dauphin of France, as the delphine edition 
 
 of the classics. 
 DEL'TA. s. A portion of land in the form of a triangle ; so called, 
 
 from its resemblance to the G. letter, delta, a. 
 DEL'TOID. s. A term applied to a triangular muscle, for raising the 
 
 arm; delta, (A) a letter of the Greek alphabet, and eidos, shape. 
 DELUDE, v. To beguile. L. deludo ; from de, concerning, and ludo, 
 
 to play, or mock. 
 DELUGE, s. An immense, overwhelming flood. L. diluvium : diluo, 
 
 to wash away. 
 DEM'AGOGUE. s. A leader of the rabble. G. demagogos ; from de- 
 mos, the people, and agogos, a leader. 
 DEMAND', v. To claim; to ask. F. demand er : L. de, from, and 
 
 mando, to order. 
 DEMEAN', v. To behave ; to conduct. F. demener, to lead. 
 DEMEN'TATE. v. To render insane. L. demento: de, from, and 
 
 mens, mind. 
 DEMERIT, s. The opposite to merit. L. de, from, and merit. 
 DEMESNE', s. That part of an estate which is occupied by the lord 
 
 himself. Old F. : from the L. dominus, a lord. 
 DEM'IGOD. s. Haifa god ; a fabulous hero, produced by the cohabi- 
 tation of a deity with a mortal. F. demi, from the L. dimidium, 
 
 signifying half, and god. 
 DEMI'SE. s. In law, a species of conveyance. The king of England's 
 
 death, is, in law, termed the demise of the king, to his successor, of 
 
 his crown and dignity, &c. F. dtmis, removed : L. demissus, p. 
 
 part, of demitto : de, from, and mitto, to send away. 
 DEMOCRACY, s. Government by the people. G. demokratia ; from 
 
 demos, the people, and krateo, to govern. 
 DEMOLTSH. v. To throw down ; to destroy. L. demolior : de, from, 
 
 and ?noles, a heap. 
 DE'MON. s. A spirit, either good or bad; a devil. G. daimon, a 
 
 spirit : daio, to know. 
 DEMONSTRATE, v. To prove with the highest degree of certainty. 
 
 L. demonstro : de, concerning, and monstro, to show. 
 
 78 
 
DEM— DEO 
 
 DEMOR'ALIZE. v. To destroy or corrupt the morals. L. de, from, 
 
 and moral. 
 DEMUL'CENT. adj. Softening; mollifying-; lenient. L. de mule ens, 
 
 pirt. of detnulceo : de, and mulceo, to stroke or soften. 
 DEMUR', v. To delay a process in law, by some technical objection, 
 
 F. demeurer ; L. demoror, to stop. 
 DEMU'RE. adj. Grave; of studied gravity. F. de, of, and moeurs, 
 
 manners, or behaviour. 
 DEMUR'RAGE. s. Allowance, by a merchant, for the detention of a 
 
 ship beyond the time appointed. See DEMUR. 
 DENDRITE, s. A stone or mineral, on or in which are the figures 
 
 of trees or shrubs. G. dendrites : dendron, a tree. 
 DEN'DROLITE. s. A petrified or fossil shrub, or plant. G. dendron, 
 
 a tree, and lithos, a stone. 
 DENDROL'OGY. s. Natural history of trees. G. dendron, a tree, 
 
 and logos, a discourse. 
 DENTZEN. s. A stranger admitted to residence and certain rights in 
 
 a foreign country. F. de-mi, half, and citizen. 
 DENOMINATE, v. To distinguish by a name. L. denomino : de, 
 
 from, and nomino, to name : nomen, a name. 
 DENOTE, v. To signify. L. denoto : de, concerning, and noto, to 
 
 mark. See NOTE. 
 DENOUEMENT, s. The clearing up of a plot. F. denouement; 
 
 from denouer, to untie. 
 DENOUNCE', v. To threaten, or accuse, publicly. L. denuncio ; 
 
 comp. of de, concerning, and muntio, to acquaint. 
 DE NO' VO. Afresh ; over again. L. de, from, and novo, abl. of no- 
 
 vus, new. 
 DENSE, adj. Set closely together ; compact. L. densus ; probably 
 
 from dens, a tooth, or denies, teeth : alluding to the close arrange- 
 ment of the teeth. 
 DENT. s. A gap or notch, or rather a depression or small hollow in 
 
 a solid body, caused by a stroke or pressure. F. dent : L. dens, a 
 
 tooth. 
 DEN'TAL. adj. Relating to the teeth. L. dentis, gen. of dens, a 
 
 tooth. 
 DEN'TATED. adj. Having teeth, or the resemblance of teeth. L. 
 
 dentafus. See DENTAL. 
 DENTIFORM, adj. Having the form of a tooth. L. dentis, gen. of 
 
 dens, a tooth, and forma, shape. 
 DENTIFRICE, s. Tooth powder. L. dens, a tooth, and frico, to rub. 
 DENTIST, s. A tooth-surgeon. See DENTAL. 
 DENTI'TION. s. The breeding or cutting of teeth, in infancy. L. 
 
 dentilio : dens, a tooth. 
 DENU'DATE. iv. To make naked; to strip. L. denudo: de, from, 
 DENUDE. ( and nudo, to make naked. 
 DENUNCIATION, s. Act of denouncing. L. denunciatio. See 
 
 DENOUNCE. 
 DENY', v. Not to grant; to refuse; to contradict an accusation; to 
 
 disown. F. denier : L. denego : de, concerning, and nego, to deny : 
 
 ne, not, and ago, to act. 
 DE'ODAND. s. In England, a personal chattel which is the imme- 
 
 79 
 
D£P— BEH. 
 
 diate instrument of the death of a rational creature, and for that 
 
 reason, given to God, that is, forfeited to the king, to be applied to 
 
 pious uses. Thus, if a cart runs over a man, and kills him, the 
 
 cart is forfeited, as a deodand. L. Deo, to God, and dandus, given. 
 
 DEPART', v. To go away. F. departir : L, de, from, and partio, to 
 
 divide. 
 DEPEND', v. To hang ; to be connected ; to rely. L. dependeo : de, 
 
 from, and pendeo, to hang. 
 DEPICT', v. To paint, to describe. L. depictum, sup. of depingo ; de, 
 
 from, and pingo, to paint. 
 DEPILATION. s. Act of stripping off the hair. L. de, from, and 
 
 pilus, a hair. 
 DEPLE'TION. s. The act of emptying. L. depletus, p. part, of de. 
 
 pleo, to empty. 
 DEPLO'RE. v. To lament. F. deploro ; from de, concerning, and 
 
 ploro, to bewail. 
 DEPLOY', v. A military term, signifying to display, or spread out. 
 
 F. deployer : L. dis, asunder, and plico, to fold. 
 DEPLU'ME. v. To strip of its feathers. L. de, from, and pluma, a 
 
 feather, 
 DEPO'NENT. s. One who deposes. L. deponens, part, of depono : 
 
 de, concerning, and port o, to place or allege. 
 DEPOPULATE, v. To unpeople. L. depopulor : de, from, and po- 
 
 pulus, people. 
 DEPORT, v. To transport; to carry off. L. deporto: de, from, and 
 
 porto, to carry. 
 DEPORT' M EN T. s. Behaviour. F. deportement : L. porto, to 
 
 carry, 
 DEPO'SE. v. To remove, as a monarch from his throne; to attest. 
 
 L. depositum, sup. of depono : de, from, and pono, to place ; or de, 
 
 concerning, and pono, to allege, 
 DEPOSTT. v. To lay down; to lay up; to leave for security, or as a 
 
 pledge. L. depositum, sup. of depono : de, from, and pono, to place. 
 DE'POT. s. A public storehouse. F. depot. See DEPOSIT. 
 DEPRA'VE. v. To corrupt. L. depravo : pravus, crooked, or knavish. 
 DEPRECATE, v. To pray against. L. deprecor : de, from, and pre. 
 
 cor, to pray. 
 DEPRE'CIATE, v. To undervalue ; to lower in price. L. depretio ; 
 
 comp. of de, from, and pretio, [its usual] price. 
 DEPREDA'TION. s. Act of plundering. L. depradatio : de, from, 
 
 and praedor, to rob. 
 DEPRESS', v. To press down ; to deject. L. depressum, sup. of de. 
 
 primo : de, from, and premo, to press. 
 DEPRI'VE. v. To bereave ; to prevent from enjoying. L. de, from, 
 
 and privo, to take away. 
 DEPUL'SION. s. Act of driving or thrusting away. L. depulsio : 
 
 from depulsus, p. part, of depello : de, from, and pello, to drive. 
 DEPUTE, v. To send with a special commission ; to empower one to 
 
 act instead of another. L. deputo : de, from, and pulo, to lop. 
 DEP'UTY. s. One deputed; one acting in place of another. F. de- 
 
 putt : L. deputatus, p. part, of deputo. See DEPUTE. 
 DERANGE', v. To put out of its accustomed rank or place ; to dis. 
 
 80 
 
DER— DES 
 
 order ; to render insane. F. deranger : de, from, and rang, a row 
 
 or place. 
 DERELICTION, s. Desertion. L. dereliclio : de, from, and relictus, 
 
 p. part, of relinquo, to leave behind : re, back, and linquo, to leave. 
 DERIDE, v. To mock or scorn. L. derideo ; from de, concerning, 
 
 and video, to laugh. 
 DERISION, s. Mockery; scorn. L. derisio ; from derisus, p. part. 
 
 of derideo. See DERIDE. 
 DERIVE, v. Originally meant to turn the course of water from its 
 
 natural channel ; but it now means to deduce, or receive by trans- 
 
 mission. L. derivo : de, from, and rivus, a river. 
 DER'NIERERESSORT. Last resource. F. dernier, the last, and 
 
 essort, a spring or wheel. 
 DER'OGATE. v. To detract. L. derogo : de, from, and rogo, to de. 
 
 sire, or borrow. 
 DESCANT', v. To discourse at large. L. dis, separately, and canto, 
 
 to repeat often. 
 DESCEND', v. To go downwards ; to sink ; to fall, in order of inherit- 
 ance, to a successor. L. descendo : de, from, and scando, to climb. 
 DESCEN'SION. s. The act of descending. L. descensio. See DE- 
 SCEND. 
 DESCRI'BE. v. To delineate. L. describo : de, concerning, and scribo, 
 
 to write. 
 DESCRIP'TION. s. Act of describing; definition; peculiar quality. 
 
 L. descriplio. See DESCRIBE. 
 DESECRATE, v. To divert from the purpose to which any thing was 
 
 originally consecrated. L. de, from, and sacro, to consecrate. 
 DESERT', v. To forsake. L. desertum, sup. of desero: de, from, and 
 
 sero, to sow ; meaning to leave as a place unsown. 
 DESERT, s. A wilderness. L. desertus, forsaken. See the verb. 
 DESERT'. s. That which is deserved ; merit. L. deservitus, part, of 
 
 deservio. See DESERVE. 
 DESERVE', v. To merit. L. deservio : de, for, and servio, to serve. 
 DESICCATE, v. To dry. L. desicco, to dry. 
 DESIDERA'TUM. s. Something which inquiry has not yet been able 
 
 to ascertain or discover ; something desired, (pi. desiderata.) L. de- 
 
 sideratus, p. part, of desidero, to desire. 
 DESIGN', v. To intend, or invent. L. designo : de, out of, and signo, 
 
 to mark. 
 DESIGNATE, v. To point out, by some particular mark ; to name. 
 
 L. designation, sup. of designo. See DESIGN. 
 DESI'RE. v. To long for ; to wish ; to ask ; to entreat. F. desirer : 
 
 L. desidero, freq. of desido : de, concerning, and sedeo, to sit, remain, 
 
 or continue. 
 DESIST', v. To cease. L. desisio: de, from, and sisto, to stop. 
 DESOLATE, v. To depopulate ; to lay waste. L. desolo ; from de, 
 
 and solus, alone. 
 DESPAIR, v. To be without hope. L. despero : de, signifying de- 
 privation, and spero, to hope. 
 DESPERATE, adj. Without hops; without care of safety; rash; 
 
 irretrievable. L. desperatus. See DESPAIR. 
 DES'PICABLE. adj. Contemptible. L. despicabilis. See DESPISE. 
 
 81 
 
DES—DET 
 
 DESPI'SE. v. To contemn ; to disrespect. Old F. despiser : L. des. 
 
 picio : de, from, and specio, to look. 
 DESPOIL', v. To strip; to plunder. L. dtspolio: de, from, and spolio, 
 
 to plunder. 
 DESPOND', v. To despair. L. despondeo : de, signifying privation, 
 
 and spondeo, to promise. 
 DES'POT. s. An absolute monarch ; a tyrant. G. despotes, a ruler : 
 
 deo, to bind, and podes, pi. of pous, a foot. 
 DES'TINE. v. To doom ; to design. L. destino, to bind fast together, 
 
 fix, or appoint. 
 DESTITUTE, adj. In want; friendless. L. destitutus, p. part, of 
 
 destituo ; from de, without, and statuo, to place. 
 DESTROY', v. To lay waste ; to consume. L. destruo : de, from, and 
 
 struo, to build. 
 DESTRUCTIVE, adj. Causing destruction. L. destructivus ; from 
 
 destructus, p. part, of dcstrvo. See DESTROY. 
 DESUDA'TION. s. A profuse and inordinate sweating. L. de, from, 
 
 and sudor, sweat. 
 DES'UETUDE. s. Cessation to be accustomed ; discontinuance of 
 
 practice or habit. L. desuetudo : de, from, and suetus, p. part, of 
 
 suesco, to use or accustom. 
 DES'ULTORY. adj. Roving from place to place ; inconstant ; imme- 
 
 thodical. L. desultorius : desultum, sup. of desilio : de, from, and 
 
 salio, to leap. 
 DETACH', v. To separate ; to send away. F. detacher : L. de, from, 
 
 and tactum, sup. of tango, to touch. 
 DETAIL', v. To relate minutely ; to detach. F. detailler ; de, from, 
 
 and tailler, to cut. 
 DETAIN', v. To restrain from departure; to hold. L. detineo : de f 
 
 from, and teneo, to hold. 
 DETECT, v. To discover. L. defectum, sup. of delego, to uncover. 
 DETENTION, s. The act of detaining. L. detentio. See DETAIN. 
 DETER', v. To intimidate. L. deterreo : de, from, and terreo, to 
 
 affright. 
 DETER'GENT. adj. Cleansing. L. detergens, part, of detergo ; de, 
 
 from, and tergo, to wipe. 
 DETE'RIORATE. v. To make worse ; to degenerate ; to grow worse. 
 
 F. deteriorer : L. de, from, and tero, to rub or wear. 
 DETER'MINE. v. To conclude ; to resolve. L. determino ; de, con- 
 
 cerning, and termino, to bound, or finish. 
 DETER SIVE. adj. Cleansing. F. detersif. See DETERGENT. 
 DETEST', v. To abhor. L. detestor ; de, from, or against, and leslor % 
 
 to attest, or bear witness. 
 DETHRONE, v. To deprive of regal power. L. de, from, and 
 
 throne. 
 DETONATE, v. To make a loud noise, by explosion. L. detono ; 
 
 comp. of de, from, and tono, to thunder. 
 DETORT. To twist; to pervert; to wrest from the original meaning 
 
 or design. L. detortum, sup. of detorqueo ; de, from, and torqueo, to 
 
 twist. 
 DETOUR', s. An excursion ; a military term, denoting a turning off 
 
 from the direct road. F. detour ; de, from, and tour, a journey. 
 
 82 
 
DET— DIA 
 
 DETRACT', v. To take away ; to derogate. L. detractum, sup. of 
 
 detraho ; de, from, and traho, to draw. 
 DETRIMENT, s. Loss; damage. L. detrimentum ; from detero, to 
 
 bruise or beat out ; de, from, and tero, to rub. 
 DETRI'TION. s. The act of wearing away. L. detritus, popart, of 
 
 detero ; de, from, and tero, to rub. 
 DETRU'DE. v. To thrust out; to thrust down. L. detrudo ; de, from, 
 
 and trudo, to thrust. 
 DETRUNCATE, v. To lop off. L. detrunco ; de, from, and trunco, 
 
 to cut. 
 DETRU'SION. s. The act of detruding. L. detrusio ; from detrusus, 
 
 p. p.rt. of detrudo. See DETRUDE. 
 DEUCE, s. Two. F. dews; L. rf«o, two. 
 DEUTERONOMY, s. The second book or repetition of the law; fifth 
 
 book of Moses. G. duteros, the second, and nomos, a law. 
 DEVASTATE, v. To lay waste. L. devasto ; vastus, waste. 
 DEVEL'OP. v. To uncover; to make known; to explain. F. devel- 
 
 opper : L. de, from, and velum, a veil. 
 DEVEST, or DIVEST', v. To strip; (with of) F. devester : L. de, 
 
 from, and vestis, a garment. 
 DEVEXTTY. s. Incurvation downwards ; declivity. L. devexitas : 
 
 de, from, and vectus, p % part. of veho, to carry. 
 DEVIATE, v. To go out of the usual way ; to err. L. de, from, and 
 
 via, a way. 
 DEVIOUS, adj. Out of the usual track; erring. L. devius. See 
 
 DEVIATE. 
 DEVISE, v. To contrive ; to consider; to grant by will. F. deviser : 
 
 L. de, from or concerning, and video, to see. 
 DEVOCA'TION. s. A calling away ; a seduction. L. de, from, and 
 
 voco, to call. 
 DEVOI'R. s. Primarily, service or duty. Hence, an act of servility 
 
 or respect ; respectful notice due to another, as we paid our devoirs 
 
 to the queen, or to the ladies. F. devoir, duty. 
 DEVOLU'TION. s. Act of devolving. L. devolutio : devolutus, p. part. 
 
 of devolvo. See DEVOLVE. 
 DEVOLVE', v. To roll from ; to pass from. L. devolvo ; de, from, 
 
 and volvo, to roll. 
 DEVO'TE. v. To dedicate ; to appropriate ; to consign. L. devotum, 
 
 sup. of devoveo, to vow. 
 DEVOUR', v. To eat ravenously. L. devoro, to devour. 
 DEVOUT, adj. Pious; devoted to holy duties. L. devotus. See 
 
 DEVOTE. 
 DEX'TEROUS. adj. Expert. L. dexter ; from dextra, the right hand. 
 DEX'TRAL. adj. Relating to the right. L. dextra^ the right hand. 
 DIABE'TES. s. A morbid copiousness of urine. G. diabaites ; dia, 
 
 through, and baino, to go. 
 DIABOLICAL, adj. Atrocious. L. diabolicus : G. diabolos ; dia, 
 
 across, and ballo, to throw. 
 DIACH'YLUM. s. A medical preparation, composed of the juices of 
 
 certain plants. G. dia, through, and chulon, juice. 
 DIACOUS'TICS. s. The science or doctrine of refracted sounds ; called 
 
 also diaphonics. G. dia, and akono, to hear. 
 
 83 
 
DIA— DIC 
 
 DIADEM, s. A royal crown. L. diadema ; G. diadema ; dia, around, 
 
 and deo, to bind. 
 DJiE'RESIS. s. The disjunction of syllables; (••) as, in cooperate ; G. 
 
 diairesis ; from dia, through, and aireo, to cut. 
 DIAGONAL, adj. Reaching from one corner or angle to another, so 
 
 as to divide a parallelogram into two equal parts. G. diagonios ; dia, 
 
 through, and gonia, a corner. 
 DIAGRAM, s. Delineation of a geometrical figure. G. dia gramma ; 
 
 dia, through, and gramma, a letter, or thing written. 
 DIAGNOSTIC, adj. Distinguishing; characteristic; indicating the 
 
 nature of a disease. G. diagnostikos : dia, through, and ginosko, to 
 
 know. 
 DI'AL. s. A plate marked with the hours. L. dies, a day. 
 DI'ALECT. s. The subdivision of a language, as the Attic or Doric 
 
 forms of the Greek ; a mode of speech which a people have chosen 
 
 or adopted ; language in general. G. dialektos ; dia, through, and 
 
 lego, to speak. 
 DIALECTICS, s. The science of dialects; logic. See DIALECT. 
 DIALEIP'SIS. s. The cavity or space formed by a wound. G. dia, 
 
 between, and leipo, to leave. 
 DI'ALOGUE. s. Formal conversation between two or more persons. 
 
 G. dialogos ; from dia, through, and logos, a discourse. 
 DIAMETER, s. A right line which divides the area of a circle into 
 
 two equal parts. G. dia, through, and metreo, to measure. 
 DIAMET'RICAL. adj. Describing a diameter; crossing in the man- 
 
 ner of a diameter, and hence denoting division or opposition. See 
 
 DIAMETER. 
 DIAPASON, s. A musical chord which includes all the tones. G. 
 
 dia, through, and pas, all. 
 DlAPHON IC. adj. Having the power to transmit light; transparent. 
 
 G. dia, through, and phaino, to shine. 
 DIAPHRAGM, s. The midriff which divides the upper cavity of the 
 
 body from the lower. G. diaphragma ; dia, between, and phragma, 
 
 a fence. 
 DIARRHCE A. s. A flux of the body. L. diarrhoea : G. diarrhoia ; 
 
 comp. of dia, from, and rheo, to flow. 
 DIARRHGE TIC. adj. Purgative. See DIARRHCEA. 
 DIARY, s. A daily register. L. diarium ; from dies, a day. 
 DI'ASTOLE. s. Amongst physicians, a dilatation of the heart, auri- 
 cles, and arteries, opposed to systole or contraction. In grammar, 
 
 the extension of a syllable. G. diastole : dia, and stello, to set or 
 
 send from. 
 DIATONIC, adj. In music, ascending or descending in sound, in 
 
 certain intervals. G. dia, by or through, and tonos, sound. 
 DI'ATRIBE. s. A disputation or continued discourse. G. diatribe : 
 
 dia, through, and tribo, to wear. 
 DICTATE, v. To speak as one having authority; to direct. L. freq. 
 
 v. dicto, to speak often : dico, to speak. 
 DICTION, s. Language; expression. F. diction: L. dictio ; dico, to 
 
 •speak. 
 DICTIONARY, s. A book containing the form and explanation of 
 
 words. See DICTION. 
 
 84 
 
DID— DIM 
 
 DIDACTIC, or DIDACTICAL, adj. Instructive; adapted to teach. 
 
 G. didalctikos ; didasko, to teach. 
 DIES NON. A day on which no legal proceedings can take place, or 
 
 on which public offices are shut. L. dies, a day, and non, not. 
 DI'ET. s. Food ; food regulated by a physician. F. diete. L. diosta. 
 
 In the middle ages, this word was used to denote the provision or 
 
 food for one day, and also for a journey of one day ; hence, it seems 
 
 to be from L. dies, a day. 
 DIFFER, p. To disagree; to vary. L. differo ; dis, asunder, and fero, 
 
 to carry. 
 DIF'FICULTY. s. Trouble; opposition. L. difficulias ; from difficilis ; 
 
 dis, meaning deprivation, and facilis, easy. 
 DIFFIDENT, adj. Not confident; distrustful. L. diffidens, part, of 
 
 diffido ; dis, without, and fides, faith. 
 DIFFUSE, v. To pour out and spread as a fluid ; to spread. L. dif- 
 
 fusum, sup. of d iff undo ; dis, asunder, and fundo, to pour out. 
 DIGEST', v. To arrange ; to dissolve, as in the stomach. L. digestum, 
 
 sup. of digero, to divide: di, asunder, and gero, to carry. 
 DIGIT, s. Three-fourths of an inch. L. digitus, a finger, or finger's 
 
 breadth. G. daktulos. 
 DIG'NIFY. v. To exalt; to honour. L. dignus, honourable, and fio, 
 
 to be made. 
 DIGNITARY, s. A clergyman of high rank. F. dignitaire : L. 
 
 dignilas, dignity : from dignus, worthy, or honourable. 
 DIGRESS', v. To turn aside. L. digressus, part, of digredior ; dis, 
 
 from, and gradus, a step. 
 DILA'CERATE. v. To rend. L. dilacero ; dis, asunder, and lacero, 
 
 to tear. 
 DILAPIDATE, v. To go to ruin ; to fall by decay ; to pull down. 
 
 L. dilavido : di, asunder, and lapis, a stone. 
 DILATATION, s. The act of dilating. See DILATE. 
 DILA'TE. v. To extend ; to enlarge. L. dilato : dis, asunder, and 
 
 latum, sup. of fero, to carry. 
 DIL'ATORY. adj. Slow ; late ; tardy ; prone to defer ; tending to de- 
 lay. L. dilatarius. See DILATE. 
 DILEMMA, s. An argument equally conclusive by contrary suppo- 
 sitions; a difficult choice. G. dilemma; dis, double, and lemma, a 
 
 thing assumed ; lambano, to take. 
 DIL'IGENT. adj. Constant in application; zealously industrious; 
 
 assiduous. F. diligent : L. diligens, part, of diligo, to favour or love 
 
 greatly : di, from, and lego, to choose. 
 DILU'CIDATE. v. To make clear. L. dilucido ; from di, signifying 
 
 through, and lucidus, bright: lucis, gen. of lux, light. 
 DILU'ENT. adj. Having the power of diluting. L. diluens, Dart, of 
 
 diluo. See DILUTE. 
 DILU'TE. v. To make thin ; to render liquid, or more liquid. L. di. 
 
 latum, sup. of diluo, to temper, or mix. 
 DIME. s. A coin of the United States of America, in value the tenth 
 
 of a dollar. Derived, through the F., from L. decimus, a tenth. 
 DIMENSION, s. That which any thing measures; extent. L. di- 
 
 mensio: dimensus, part, of dimetior, to measure. 
 DIMINISH, v. To lessen. L. diminuo : minor, less. 
 
 h 85 
 
DIM— DIS 
 
 DIMIS'SORY. adj. Sending away ; dismissing 1 to another jurisdic- 
 tion. A letter dimissory is one given by a bishop to a candidate for 
 
 holy orders, having a title in his diocese, directed to some other 
 
 bishop, and giving leave for the bearer to be ordained by him. L. 
 
 dimissorius. See DISMISS. 
 DI'OCESE. s. The circuit of a bishop's jurisdiction. G. dia, through, 
 
 and oikesis, a habitation. 
 DIOP'TRIC. adj. Affording a medium for the sight; assisting the 
 
 sight in viewing distant objects. G. dia, through, and opiomai, to 
 
 view. 
 DIPHTHONG, s. A coalition of two vowels in one sound. G. diph- 
 
 thongos : dis, twice, and phthongos, a sound. 
 DIPLO MA. s. Anciently, a letter or other composition, written on 
 
 paper or parchment, and folded; afterwards, any letter, literary 
 
 monument, or public document. G. diploma ; from diplo-o, to fold. 
 DIPLOMATIC, adj. Privileged; relating to the office of an ambas- 
 sador. F. diplomatique. See DIPLOMA. 
 DIPLOMATIQUE, adf. Relating to the office of an ambassador. 
 
 F. See DIPLOMATIC. 
 DIP'TOTE. s. A noun having only two cases. G. diptota : dis, twice, 
 
 and ptosis, a case. 
 DIRECT, adj. Straight; immediate; express. L. directus, p. part, of 
 
 dirigo: di, signifying through, and rego, te guide. 
 DIRUP'TION. s. Act of rending, h.diruptio: diruptus, p. part, of 
 
 dirumpo ; from dis, or di, asunder, and rumpo, to break. 
 DISA'BLE. v. To deprive of ability. L. dis, signifying deprivation, 
 
 and able. 
 DISBURSE', v. To pay ; to expend. L. dis, from, and bursa, a purse. 
 DISASTER, s. Originally meant the supposed blast or stroke of an 
 
 unfavourable planet ; it now denotes misfortune. F. disastre : G. 
 
 dus, evilly, and aster, a star. 
 DISCARD', v. To lay aside or throw away cards, when playing a 
 
 game; to dismiss. L. dis, asunder, and CARD. 
 DISCERN', v. To distinguish ; to descry. L. discerno : dis, asunder, 
 
 and cerno, to perceive. 
 DISCI'PLE. s. A scholar ; a follower. L. discipulus ; from disco, to 
 
 learn. 
 DIS'CIPLINE. s. Education ; rule or method of government, &c. 
 
 L. disciplina. See DISCIPLE. 
 DISCLAIM', v. To disown : to disavow. L. dis, meaning separation, 
 
 and claim. 
 DISCLOSE', v. To uncover ; to discover ; to make known. L. dis, 
 
 asunder, and close. 
 DISCON'SOLATE. adj. Comfortless; sorrowful. L. dis, meaning 
 
 deprivation, and consolatus, part, of consolor, to comfort. 
 DIS'CORD. s. Disagreement. L. discordia : dis, asunder, and corda, 
 
 (pi. of cor,) hearts. 
 DISCOURSE', s. Conversation ; dissertation. F. discours ; from the 
 
 L. discursus, a running backward and forward: discurso : dis, from, 
 
 and curro, to run. 
 DIS'COUS. adj. Broad ; flat ; wide ; used of the middle, lain, and 
 
 flat part of some flowers. L. discus, a quoit. 
 
 86 
 
DIS— DIS 
 
 DISCOVER, v, To find out ; to make known. L. dis, from, and 
 cover. 
 
 DISCREET', adj. Prudent; modest. F. discret. See DISCRETION". 
 
 DISCRETION, s. Prudence ; liberty of acting at pleasure. L. dis- 
 credo: discretus, p. part, of discerno. See DISCERN. 
 
 DISCRE'TIVE. adj. In logic and grammar, denotes disjunction, or 
 opposition. L. discretus, severed, p. part, of discerno. See DISCERN. 
 
 DISCRIMINATE, v. To distinguish. This word, in accordance 
 with its derivation, should refer to the distinguishing of degrees of 
 crime. L. discri?nino : dis, asunder, and crimen, a fault. 
 
 DISCUR'SIVE. adj. Moving or roving about; desultory. L. discurso. 
 See DISCOURSE. 
 
 DISCUSS', v. To examine ; to argue. L. discvssum, sup. of discutio : 
 dis, asunder, and vuatio, to shake. 
 
 DISDAIN', v. To scorn. L. dis, not, and F. daigner, to condescend. 
 L. dignor, to think worthy. 
 
 DISEA'SE. s. Distemper. L. dis, meaning deprivation, and ease. 
 
 DISEMBOGUE', v. To pour out or discharge at the mouth, as a 
 stream. L dis, asunder, and F. en, in, and bouche, a mouth. 
 
 DISFRANCHISE, v. To deprive of a civil privilege. L. dis, denoting 
 deprivation, and franchise. 
 
 DISGRA'CE. v. To put out of favour; to dishonour; to bring a re-- 
 proach upon. L. dis, denoting deprivation, and gratia, favour. 
 
 DISGORGE', v. To discharge through the mouth. L. dis, from, and 
 F. gorge, the throat. 
 
 DISGUISE, v. To conceal, by a counterfeit appearance. L. dis, de- 
 noting deprivation, and F. guise, manner. 
 
 DISGUST', s. Disrelish ; distaste ; strong aversion. L. dis, from, and 
 gustus, the taste. 
 
 DISHABILLE', s. Undress. F. deshabille : L. dis, not, and F. ha- 
 bill'e, dressed. 
 
 DISHEVEL, v. To spread [the hair.] F. decheveler : L. dis, asun- 
 der, and F. cheveu, hair. 
 
 DISINGENUOUS, adj. Uncandid ; unfair. L. dis, meaning depriva- 
 tion, and ingenuous. 
 
 DISINHERIT, v. To cut off from hereditary right. L. dis, asunder, 
 and inherit. 
 
 DISJUNCTIVE, adj. Denoting separation, or opposition. L. dis- 
 junclivus : disjungo, to separate. 
 
 DISK. s. The face of the sun, or of a planet, as it amaears to the eye; 
 a quoit. L. discus, a dish or quoit. 
 
 DIS'LOCATE. v. To put out of the proper place ; to disjoint. L. dis, 
 asunder, and loco, to place. 
 
 DISMISS', v. To send away ; to discharge. L. dis, from, and missum, 
 sup. ofmitto, to send. 
 
 DISPARAGE, v. To match unequally ; to injure by comparing with 
 something of less value. L. dispar, unequal : dis, denoting separa- 
 tion, nnd par, a pair or couple. 
 
 DISPART VY. s. Inequality; unlikeness. F. disparite : L. dispar, 
 unlike : coinp. of dis, denoting separation, and par, equal. 
 
 DISPEL', v. To drive away, by scattering ; to dissipate. L. dispello: 
 dis, asunder, and pello, to drive. 
 
 87 
 
DIS— DIS 
 
 DISPEN'SARY. s. A place from which medicines are given. F. dis- 
 
 pensaire. See DISPENSE. 
 DISPENSE', v. To distribute, (to dispense with, to excuse.) F. dis- 
 
 penser : L. dis, asunder, and pensum, sup. of pendo, to weigh. 
 DISPEN'SATORY. s. A pharmacopoeia, or book in which the com- 
 
 position of medicines is described and directed. See DISPENSE. 
 DISPERSE', v. To scatter. L. dispersum, sup. of dispergo : dis, 
 
 asunder, and spargo, to scatter. 
 DISPLAY', v. To spread wide ; to exhibit. L. dis, asunder, and 
 
 plico, to fold. 
 DISPOSE, v. To distribute ; to arrange ; to incline. F. disposer : 
 
 L. dis, asunder, and posilvm, sup. ofpono, to place. 
 DISPU'TE. v. To controvert; to contest by argument; to debate. 
 
 L. dispvto : dis, signifying separation or opposition, and puto, to 
 
 think. 
 DISQUISI'TION. s. Examination ; disputative inquiry. L. disquisi- 
 
 tio ; from disquisitus, p. part, of disquiro : dis, signifying separation, 
 
 and qucBro, to seek. 
 DISRUPTION, s. Act of rending. L. disruplio. See DIRUPTION; 
 
 a word which is more elegant than disruption. 
 DISSECT', v. To cut into parts. L. dissectum, sup. of disseco : dis, 
 
 asunder, and seco, to cut. 
 DISSEM'BLE. v. To hide under a fictitious appearance. Old. F. dis- 
 
 sembler : L. dissimulo : comp. of dis, noting deprivation, and similis, 
 
 like. 
 DISSEMINATE, v. To scatter like seed ; to spread every way. L. 
 
 dissemino : dis, asunder, and semwo, to sow : semen, seed. 
 DISSEN'SION. s. Act of dissenting ; disagreement ; discord ; quarrel. 
 
 L. dissensio. See DISSENT. 
 DISSENT', v. To disagree in opinion. L. dissentio ; from dis, asun- 
 der, and sentio, to think. 
 DISSERTATION, s. A disquisition ; a treatise. L. dissertatio; from 
 
 the frequentative v. disserto, to argue. 
 DISSIMULATION, s. Act of dissembling. L. dissimulatio. See 
 
 DISSEMBLE. 
 DISSIL'IENT. adj. Starting asunder ; bursting and opening with an 
 
 elastic force, as the dry pod or capsule of a plant. L. dissiliens, 
 
 part, of dissilio : dis, asunder, and salio, to leap. 
 DIS'SIPATE. v. To disperse ; to squander. L. dissipo, to scatter. 
 DISSO'CIATE. v. To separate ; to disunite. L. dissocio : dis, signi- 
 fying separation, and socius, a companion. 
 DISSOL'UBLE. adj. Capable of being dissolved, or melted. L. disso. 
 
 lubilis. See DISSOLVE. 
 DIS'SOLUTE. adj. Unrestrained ; wanton. L. dissolutus, p. part, of 
 
 dissolvo. See DISSOLVE. 
 DISSOLUTION, s, Separation; death. L. dissolutio. See DIS- 
 SOLVE. 
 DISSOLVE', v. To unbind ; to melt. L. dissolvo : dis, asunder, and 
 
 solvo, to untie. 
 DIS'SONANT. adj. Discordant. L. dissonans, part, of dissono ; from 
 
 dis, noting opposition, and sono, to sound. 
 
DIS-DIV 
 
 DISSUADE', v. To advise against. L. dissuadeo: dis, from, and 
 sundeo, to persuade. 
 
 DISS YL'L ABLE. s. A word of two syllables. G. dis, twofold, and 
 syllable. 
 
 DIS'TANCE. s. Intervening space ; remoteness ; respect ; reserve. 
 F. distorts : L. dislantia ; from dis } asunder, and starts, part, of sto, 
 to stand. 
 
 DISTEND', v. To stretch out in breadth. L. distendo : dis, asunder, 
 and tendo, to spread. 
 
 DISTENTION, s. Act of distending ; breadth. L. distensio. See 
 DISTEND. 
 
 DISTICH, s. A couplet ; a couple of lines. L. distichon : G. dis, 
 twofold, and stichos, a verse. 
 
 DISTIL', v. To fall in drops; to make spirituous liquors. L. distillo : 
 dis, asunder, and stillo, to drop or trickle down. 
 
 DISTINCT', adj. Having a marked and visible difference ; apart ; 
 clear ; unconfused. L. distinctus, p. part, of distinguo : dis, signi- 
 fying separation, and tinctus, p. part, of lingo, to dye or colour. 
 
 DISTINGUISH, v. To mark out by some external sign ; to see ob- 
 jects separately. L. distinguo ; from dis, separately, and tingo, to 
 dye or colour. 
 
 DISTORT', v. To writhe ; to deform. L. distortion, sup. of distor- 
 queo: dis, from, and lorqueo, to twist. 
 
 DISTRACT', v. To divide ; to perplex; to make insane. L. dis- 
 tractum, sup. of distraho : comp. of dis, asunder, and traho, to draw. 
 
 DISTRAIN', v. To seize as an indemnity or security. L. distringo, 
 to bind fast. 
 
 DISTRESS', s. Act of distraining; thing distrained ; calamity ; misery. 
 F. distresse : L. distr ictus, p. part, of distringo. See DISTRAIN. 
 
 DISTRIB'UTE. v. To divide amongst more than two. L. distribuo : 
 dis, asunder, and tribuo, to bestow. 
 
 DISTRICT, s. Circuit of authority ; province ; division. L. distric- 
 tus, p. part, of distringo, to bind. 
 
 DISTURB', v. To disquiet. L. dislurbo : dis, separately, and turbo, 
 to disorder : turba, a crowd. 
 
 DITHYRAM'BIC. s. A kind of song, in honour of Bacchus ; a drink- 
 ing song. G. ditharos, having a double door, and embaino, to enter. 
 See the heathen Mythology. 
 
 DITTO, s. A mercantile term, equivalent to the relative said, used 
 by lawyers, and signifying the same as that which preceded. Ita- 
 lian ; from the L. dictus, p. part, of dico, to say. 
 
 DIURETIC, adj. Promoting urine. F. diuretique: G. diouretikos : 
 com p. of dia, from, and oureo, urinam reddo. 
 
 DIURNAL, adj. Daily. L. diurnus ; from dies, a day. 
 
 DIVERGE', v. To tend various ways from one point. L. diver go : 
 di, from, and vcrgo, to decline, or bend. 
 
 DIVERS. See DIVERSE. 
 
 DIVERSE', adj. Different; in various directions. L. diversus, p. 
 part, of diverto : di, asunder, and verto, to turn. 
 
 DIVERSION, s. Act of diverting; sport. Sec DIVERT. 
 
 DIVERT', d. To turn aside; to amuse. L. diverto ; comp. of di, from, 
 and verto, to turn. 
 
 h* 89 
 
DIV-DOM 
 
 DIVEST', v. See DEVEST; which is more conformable with the 
 derivation, and more generally used. 
 
 DIVIDE', v. To part or separate; to make partition. L. divido : di, 
 asunder, and iduo, that is, viduo, to part. 
 
 DIVIDE ETIMPERA. Divide and govern:— the maxim of nearly 
 all monarchal governments. L. divide, (imperative of divido,) di- 
 vide, et, and impera, (imperative of impero,) govern. 
 
 DIVIDEND, s. In arithmetic, the number to be divided ; a share as- 
 certained by division. L. dividendus, to be divided : part, of divido. 
 See DIVIDE. 
 
 DIVI'NE. adj. Partaking of the nature of God ; heavenly. L. divinus : 
 divi, the gods. The fables of poets (says Bossu) were originally em- 
 ployed in representing the Divine nature, according to the notion 
 then conceived of it. This sublime subject caused the first poets to 
 be called divines, and poetry the language of the gods. 
 
 DIVINE, v. To foretel, as by divine inspiration. See the adjective. 
 
 DIVINITY, s. The state of being divine ; a divine being. L. divini- 
 tas. See the adj. DIVINE. 
 
 DIVISTON. s. The act of dividing ; partition; disunion. L. divisio : 
 divisus, p. part, of divido. See DIVIDE. 
 
 DIVORCE', s. Legal separation of husband and wife. F. divorce : L. 
 divorsus, p. part, of divorto, (synonymous with diverto,) to turn away 
 from. 
 
 DIVULGE', v. To make public. L. divulgo ; di, meaning amongst, 
 and vulgus, the common people. 
 
 DIVUL'SION. s. Act of plucking away ; laceration. L. divulsus, p. 
 part, of divello : de, from, and vello, to pluck. 
 
 DOCILE, adj. Easily taught ; tractable. F. docile : L. docilis : doceo, 
 to teach. 
 
 DOCTOR, s. One who has received a collegiate diploma for his skill 
 in divinity, law, physic, &c. L. doctor, a teacher ; from doceo, to 
 teach. 
 
 DOCTRINE, s. That which is taught. L. doctrina. See DOCTOR. 
 
 DOCUMENT, s. Written evidence, or means of information. L. 
 docvmentum ; from doceo, to teach. 
 
 DOGMA, s. A settled opinion ; established principle ; doctrinal no- 
 tion. G. dogma : dokeo, to think. 
 
 DOGMATICAL, adj. Authoritative. See DOGMA. 
 
 DOLEFUL, adj. Sorrowful. L. doleo, to grieve. 
 
 DOLOROUS, adj. Sorrowful : gloomy. L. dolor, pain, or sorrow. 
 
 DOMAIN', s. Dominion ; estate ; demesne. F. domaine : L. dominium ; 
 from dominus, a master ; domus, a house. 
 
 DOME. s. A house ; a large cupola. F. dome : L. domus, a house. 
 
 DOMES'TIC. adj. Relating or belonging to home. L. domesticus : 
 domus, a house. 
 
 DOMICILTARY. adj. A domiciliary visit is an intrusion, by govern- 
 mental authority, into a dwelling house. F. domicile, a habitation : 
 L. domus, a house. 
 
 DOMINANT, adj. Predominant; ascendant. F. dominant, part, of 
 dominer. See DOMINEER. 
 
 DOMTNATE. v. To predominate ; to govern. L. domino. See DO- 
 MINANT. 
 
 90 
 
DOM— DUA 
 
 DOMINE'ER. v. To rule, or command with insolence. F. dominer : 
 
 L. dominor, to govern : dominus, a master ; domus, a house. 
 DOMINTCAL. adj. That which marks Sunday. L. dominicalis : 
 
 Dominus, the Lord. 
 DOMIN'ION. s. Sovereign power ; territory. L. dominium : dominus, 
 
 a master. 
 DONA'TION. s. A gift, for some general purpose. L. donatio: dono, 
 
 to give. 
 DO'NOR. s. A giver. L. dono, to give. 
 DOR'MANT. adj. Sleeping; inoperative; concealed. F. dormant, 
 
 part, of dormir, to sleep : L. dormio, to sleep. 
 DOR'MITIVE. adj. Promoting sleep. F. dormitif: L. dormio, to 
 
 sleep. 
 DORMITORY, s. A sleeping-room. L. dormitorium : dormio, to 
 
 sleep. 
 DOR'MOUSE. s. A mouse which sleeps during part of winter. L. 
 
 dormio, to sleep, and mouse. 
 DOSE. s. A prescribed quantity. F. dose : G. dosis : didomi, to 
 
 give. 
 DOSOL'OGY. s. A treatise on the quantity of medicine to be taken 
 
 at one time. G. dosis, a dose, and logos, a discourse. 
 DO'TAL. adj. Pertaining to dower. L. dotalis ; from dotis, gen. oT 
 
 dos, dower. 
 DOTA'TION. s. Act of endowing. L. dotalus, p. part, of doto, to en- 
 dow : dotis, gen. of dos, a dowry or portion ; from do, to give. 
 DOUBLE, s. Twice as much ; being in a two-fold state ; a turn in 
 
 running, to escape pursuers; a trick. L. duplex: duo, two, and 
 
 plico, to fold. 
 DOUBLE ENTENDRE, s. An obscene allusion in disguise. F. 
 
 double, double, and entendre, to understand. 
 DOUCEUR', s. A bribe ; compensation. F. douceur, sweetness. 
 DOWER, s. A wife's marriage-portion, or a widow's possession. F. 
 
 douaire : douer, to bestow. 
 DOXOL'OGY. s. A form of glorifying God. G. doxa, glory, and logos, 
 
 a word. 
 DOZ'EN. s. The number of twelve. F. douzaine : douze, twelve : L. 
 
 duodecim. 
 DRAM' A. s. A theatrical representation ; a play. G. dra?na : drao, 
 
 to act. 
 DRA'PER. s. One who sells cloth. F. drapier ; from drap, cloth. 
 DR APERY, s. Cloth ; ornamental part of curtains ; imitation of dress 
 
 by a painter or statuary. F. draperie : drap, cloth. 
 DRESS, v. To adjust to a right line ; to put into good order ; to apply 
 
 medicaments; to prepare; to clothe; to adorn. F. dresser; from 
 
 the L. rectus, p. part, of rego, to rule, or make straight. 
 DROP'SY. s. A collection of water in the body. L. hydrops : G. hit- 
 dor, water, and ops, an appearance. 
 DRU'ID. s. One of the priests who worshiped in groves; called, by 
 
 Caesar, druides ; supposed from the G. drus, an oak. 
 DRY' ADS. s. Wood-nymphs. L. dryades : G. druades ; from drus, 
 
 an oak. 
 DU'AL. adj. Expressing the number two. L. dualis ; duo, two. 
 
 91 
 
DUB-EBR 
 
 DU'BIOUS. adj. Doubtful; uncertain. L. dubius ; from dubium, & 
 doubt ; duo, two. 
 
 DUCTILE, adj. Flexible ; easily extended. L. ductilis ; from duco, 
 to draw. 
 
 DUE. adj. Owing; that which one has a riarht to demand; proper; 
 fit. F. da, p. part, of devoir, to owe. L. debeo. 
 
 DU'EL. s. A combat between two persons. F. duel : L. duellum : 
 duo, two. 
 
 DUKE. s. One of the highest order of nobility in England ; a title 
 originally signifying a chief or leader. F. due : L. dux; from duco, 
 to lead. 
 
 DUL/CET. adj. Sweet ; harmonious. L. dulcis, sweet. 
 
 DULCIMER, s. A kind of musical instrument. L. dulcis, sweet. 
 
 DUODECIMAL, adj. Numbered by twelve. L. duodecim, twelve. 
 
 DUODECIMO, s. A book formed by folding a sheet of paper into 
 twelve leaves. (12mo.) L. duodecimus, the twelfth. 
 
 DUODE CUPLE. adj, Consisting of twelves. L. duo, two, and decu. 
 plus, tenfold. 
 
 DU'PLICATE. s. A copy, generally the first. L. duplicatus, p. part, 
 of duplico, to double. 
 
 X>UPLFCITY. 5. Deceit, by using two appearances. F. duplicite : L. 
 duplicis, gen. of duplex, double : duo, two, and plico, to fold. 
 
 DURABLE, adj. Lasting. L. durabilis : duro, to continue. 
 
 DURANCE, s. Imprisonment. L. durans, part, of duro, to remain. 
 
 DURANTE BENE PLA'CITO. At the will of the person grant- 
 ing; — literally, "our decree, or pleasure happily continuing." L. 
 
 DURESS', s. Duress, in law, is either by imprisonment, or threats ; 
 and is inflicted for the purpose of causing a person to do some act 
 against his will. L. durities : durus, hard, rigorous. 
 
 DURING, prep. For the time of the continuance of L. duro, to con- 
 tinue. During is often improperly used : it is ungrammatical to say, 
 that an event occurred "during the war," or "during his confine- 
 ment," because the term during includes the whole period of the 
 war, or the whole period of the confinement, and an evenl happens 
 in only apart of that period. 
 
 DUTY. s. That which is due ; that to which a man is, by any natural 
 or legal obligation, bound; tax; impost. See DUE. 
 
 DUUM'VIRATE. s. The union of two men in the same office ; or the 
 office, dignity, or government of two men thus associated. L. duo, 
 two, and vir, a man. 
 
 DYNAM'ICS. s. The science of moving powers. G. dunamis, power. 
 
 DY'NASTY. s. Sovereignty. F. dynastie : G. dunasteia ; from dunas- 
 tes, a ruler. 
 
 DYS'ENTERY. s. A disorder of the bowels. L. dysentcria : G. dusen- 
 teria : dus, with difficulty, and enteron, a bowel. 
 
 DYSPEPSIA, or DYSPEP'SY. s. Imperfect digestion. G. duspepsia : 
 dus, with difficulty, and pepto, to boil or digest. 
 
 E. 
 
 EBRI'ETY. s. Drunkenness. L. from ebrius, soaked ; drenched ; G. 
 brecho, to moisten or drench. 
 
 92 
 
EBU— EDI 
 
 EBULLITION, s. Act of boiling up with heat; effervescence. F. 
 
 ebullition : L. ebullio, to boil, or bubble up : e, from, and bulla, a 
 
 bubble. 
 EC'CE HOMO. Behold the man. L. ecce, Lo ! homo, the man. 
 ECCEN'TRIC. adj. Deviating from the centre ; irregular ; uncommon. 
 
 L. eccentricus : ex, from, and centrum, a centre. 
 ECCLESIAS'TICAL. adj. Relating to the church. L. ecclesiastic us : 
 
 G. ekklesia, an assembly. 
 EC'CE SIG'NUM. Behold the sign, or mark. L. ecce, Lo ! signum, 
 
 the sign. 
 ECHELON', s. In military tactics, the position of an army in the form 
 
 of steps. F. from echelle, a ladder. 
 ECH'O. s. The return or repercussion of any sound ; the sound re- 
 turned. L. echo : G. echo ; from echos, a sound. 
 ECHOM'ETER. s. (In music;) a kind of scale, serving to measure 
 
 the duration of sounds. G. echos, sound, and metreo, to measure. 
 ECLAIR' CISSEMENT. s. Explanation. F. eclaircissement : eclair cir, 
 
 to clear : eclairer, to give light. 
 E'CLAT. s. Publicity ; lustre. F. eclat, a crack. 
 ECLECTIC, adj. Selecting. G. eklektikos : ek, out of, and lektos, 
 
 chosen ; from lego, to choose. 
 ECLIPSE', s. The obscuring of a heavenly luminary, by interposition. 
 
 G. ekleipsis : ekleipo, to fail or desert. 
 ECLIP'TIC. s. A great circle of the sphere, supposed to run through 
 
 the middle of the zodiac, making an angle with the equinoctial of 
 
 about 23 J degrees ; which is the sun's greatest declination, and in 
 
 which his eclipses happen. G. ekleiptikos. See ECLIPSE. 
 ECLOGUE, s. A pastoral poem. G. ekloge, choice, ek, out of, and 
 
 logos, a word. According to the etymology, eclogue should be no 
 
 more than a select or choice piece ; but custom has assigned it a 
 
 further signification ; viz. a little elegant composition, in a simple 
 
 and natural style. 
 ECON'OMY. s. Management of a family ; frugality. L. mconomia : 
 
 G. oikonomia : oikos, a house, and nomos, a law. 
 ECSTACY, or EXTASY. s. Rapture. G. ekstasis ; from ek, out, and 
 
 stasis, standing. 
 EDA'CIT Y. s. Voracity ; greediness. L. edacitas ; from edo, to eat. 
 EDTBLE. adj. Proper to be eaten. L. edo, to eat. 
 E'DICT. s. A proclamation or command issued by an absolute sove- 
 reign ; a law. L. edictum : e, from, and dico, to say. 
 EDIFICE, s. A building ; a house. L. adijicium : cedis, a building, 
 
 and facio, to make. 
 ED'IFY. v. This word originally signified to build. It now signifies 
 
 to instruct, or improve. L. edifico. See EDTFICE. 
 E'DILE. s. A Roman officer, whose original office was to take care 
 
 of temples and other public buildings. L. adilis ; from cedis, a 
 
 temple. 
 EDI'TION. s. Publication ; meaning, the whole number of copies of a 
 
 book printed from one arrangement of the types. L. editio : edo, to 
 
 publish : e, from, and do, to give. 
 EDITOR, s. Publisher; one who superintends a publication. L, 
 
 editor. See EDITION. 
 
 93 
 
EDU— ELA 
 
 ED'UCATE. v. To instruct. L. educo ; e, out of, (meaning forward,) 
 
 and dnco, to lead. 
 EDUCE, v. To bring or draw out ; to extract. L. educo : e, from, 
 
 and duco, to lead. 
 EF'FABLE. adj. Expressive ; utterable. L. ex, out of, or from, and 
 
 fabulor, to speak. 
 EFFA'CE. v. To erase. F. effacer : L. ex, from, and fades, a face. 
 EFFECT', s. Consequence ; success ; design ; reality. L. effectus, p. 
 
 part, of efficio : ex, from, and facio, to make. 
 EFFECTS', s. Whatever will effect, produce, or bring forth, money 
 
 by sale. See EFFECT. 
 EFFEMINATE, adj. Unmanlike; womanish. L. effeminatus : fe- 
 
 rnina, a woman. 
 EFFERVESCE', v. To boil gently ; to bubble. L. effervesco, to fer- 
 ment; from ferveo, to be hot. 
 EFFE'TE. adj. Barren ; worn out with age. L. effaslus or effetus : 
 
 ex, from, and foetus, big with young. 
 EFFICA'CIOUS. adj. Having the power to effect ; remedial. L. effi- 
 
 cax. See EFFECT. 
 EFFICIENT, adj. Producing an effect. L. efficient. See EFFECT. 
 EF'FIGY. s. An image. L. effigies ; from effingo, to fashion. 
 EFFLORESCENT, adj. Shooting out in the form of flowers. L. efflo- 
 
 rescens ; part of effioresco : Jloris, gen. of Jios, a flower. 
 EFFLUENCE, s. That which issues from some other principle. L. 
 
 effluens, part, of effiuo : ex, from, -and Jluo, to flow. 
 EFFLUVIA, s. Ascending particles; smell. L. pi. of effluvium; 
 
 from effiuo. See EFFLUX. 
 EF'FLUX. s. Act of flowing out; thing which flows out. L. effluxus, 
 
 p. part, of effiuo ; comp. of ex, from, and Jluo, to flow. 
 EFFORT, s. Laborious endeavour. F. effort : L. ex, out of, and fors, 
 
 strength. 
 EFFRONTERY, s. Impudence ; shamelessness ; contempt of re- 
 proach. F. effronterie. See AFFRONT. 
 EFFULGENT, adj. Shining ; luminous. L. effulgent, part, of efful- 
 
 geo ; ex, out of, and fulgeo, to shine. 
 EFFU'SION. s. Act of pouring out ; thing poured out. L. effusio : 
 
 effusus, p. part, of effundo : ex, from, and fundo, to pour. 
 E'GOTIST. s. One who talks much concerning himself. L. ego, I. 
 EGREGIOUS, adj. Remarkable; eminently bad: the latter is the 
 
 usual sense. L. egregius : e, out of, and grege, abl. of grex, a flock, 
 
 or multitude. 
 E'GRESS. s. Departure ; means of departure. L. egressus, part, of 
 
 egredior : e, from, and gradior, to proceed : gradus, a step. 
 EJACULATE, v. To utter suddenly. L. ejaculor: e, from, and jacu. 
 
 lor, to dart : jacio, to throw. 
 EJECT', v. To throw out; to expel. L. ejectum, sup. of ejicio : c, 
 
 from, and jacio, to throw. 
 ELABORATE, adj. Finished with great labour. L. elaboratus, p. 
 
 part, of elaboro, to labour : e, from, and labor, labour. 
 ELAPSE', v. To pass away. L. elapsus, part, of elabor : e, from, and 
 
 labor, to glide. 
 
 94 
 
ELA— EMA 
 
 ELASTIC, adj. Having the power of a spring. F. elastique : G. elao, 
 
 to repel. 
 ELA'TE. adj. Elevated by success ; joyful. L. elatus, p. part, of ef- 
 
 fero : ex, from, and fero, to carry. 
 ELECT', v. To choose. L. electum, sup. of eligo : e, from, and lego, 
 
 to choose. 
 ELECTRIC, adj. Relating to electricity ; having electric matter. L. 
 
 electrum, amber, (which is attractive;) G. elektron : elko, to draw. 
 ELECTROM'ETER. s. An instrument which indicates the strength 
 
 of the electric fluid. G. elektron, the electric fluid, and metreo, to 
 
 measure. 
 ELECTUARY, s. In pharmacy, a form of medicine composed of 
 
 powders, or other ingredients, incorporated with some conserve, 
 
 honey, or syrup. Low L. electuarium : from G. leicho, to lick. 
 ELEEMOS'YNARY. adj. Given through charity. G. eleemosune, 
 
 compassion : eleeo, to pity. 
 ,EL'EGANT. adj. Pleasing ; handsome. L. elegans ; comp. of e, from 
 
 and lego, to choose. 
 EL'EGY. s. A funeral song. L. elegeia : G. elogos ; from eleos, pity. 
 EL'EVATE. v. To raise ; to enliven. L. elevo : e, from, and levo, to 
 
 lift. 
 ELE'VE. s. A disciple ; one brought up, or protected by another. F. 
 
 eleve : elever, to raise. See ELEVATE. 
 ELI'CIT. v. To strike out. R. elicio, to draw, or strike out. 
 ELTGIBLE. adj. Desirable. L. eligibilis : e, from, and lego, to choose. 
 ELIS'ION. s. The act of cutting out ; as in walk'd, for walked. L. 
 
 elisio : elisus, p. part, of elido, to strike out: compounded of e and 
 
 laedo. 
 ELI'TE. s. In military language, the choice or select: from elire, to 
 
 choose: L. e, from, and legere, infin. of lego, to choose. 
 ELLIP'SIS. s. A figure of rhetoric, by which something is left out; 
 
 in geometry, an oval figure, generated from the section of a cone : 
 
 G. elleipsis : en, in, and leipo, to fail. 
 ELLIPTIC, or ELLIPTICAL, adj. Having the form of an ellipsis; 
 
 oval. See ELLIPSIS. 
 ELOCU'TION. s. Art of speaking with elegance and force. L. elo- 
 
 cutio : e, out, and loquor, to speak. 
 EL'OQUENT. adj. Having the power of fluent, elegant, and convinc- 
 ing language. L. eloquens. See ELOCUTION. 
 ELUCIDATE, v. To make clear ; to explain. L. elucido : e, from, 
 
 and luceo, to give light: lux, light. 
 ELUDE, v. To avoid; to escape. L. eludo : e, from, and ludo, to 
 
 play, or mock. 
 ELYSIUM, s. The place assigned, by the heathens, to happy souls ; 
 
 any place exquisitely pleasant. L. elysium : G. elusion: ek, from, 
 
 and lusis, a dissolution. 
 EMA'CIATED. adj. Wasted ; lean. L. emacio, to make lean : macies, 
 
 leanness. 
 EM' AN ATE. v. To issue or flow from. L. emano : e, from, and 
 
 mono, to run in a small stream, to distil. 
 EMANCIPATE, v. To set free. L. emancipo : e, from, and mancipo, 
 
 to give away ; manu, (abl. ofmanus,) from the hand, and capio, to take. 
 
 95 
 
EMA-EMP 
 
 EMAS'CULATE. v. To deprive of virility ; to render effeminate. Low 
 
 L. emasculo : e, from, and mas, a male. 
 EMBARK', v. To go on shipboard ; to adventure. F. embarquer : en, 
 
 into, and barque, a large boat. 
 EM'BASSY. s. A public message. F. ambassade. See AMBASSA- 
 DOR. 
 EMBEL'LISH. v. To adorn. F. embellir : en, into, and belle, hand- 
 
 some. 
 EM'BLEM. s. A distinguishing sign. G. emblema, a kind of inser- 
 tion work, — alluding to the embroidery of a standard, or coat of 
 
 arms : from emhallo, to throw in. 
 EMBOSS', v. To embroider ; to engrave with relief. F. en, into, and 
 
 bosse, a protuberance. 
 EMBRA'CE. v. To fold in the arms; to include. F. embrasser ; from 
 
 en, in, and bras, an arm. L. in, and brachium. 
 EMBRASU'RE. s. An aperture in a wall, through which a cannon is 
 
 pointed ; a battlement. 
 EMBROCATION, s. The act of rubbing with medicinal liquors; the 
 
 lotion with which any diseased part is washed. G. en, in, and bre- 
 
 cho, to moisten. 
 EM'ERYO. s. The incipient formation in the womb : (foetus, signifies 
 
 the child in the womb, after it is perfectly formed.) G. embruyon : 
 
 en, in, and bruo, to grow. 
 EMEND A'TION. s. Correction. L. emendatio : e, from, and menda, 
 
 a fault. 
 EMERGE', v. To rise out of. L. emergo: comp. of e, from, and 
 
 mergo, to plunge. 
 EMER'GENCE, or EMERGENCY, s. Sudden occasion. See 
 
 EMERGE. 
 EMER'SION. s. The act of emerging ; opposed to immersion. See 
 
 EMERGE. 
 EMETIC, adj. Of a vomiting quality. G. emetikos : emeo, to vomit. 
 EMTGRATE. v. To change the place of abode, from one country, to 
 
 another. L. emigro : e, from, and migro, to remove. 
 EMINENCE, s. Height ; a high place ; dignity. L. eminens, part. 
 
 ofemineo, to stand above others : e, from, and mineo, to hang ready 
 
 to fall. 
 EMINENT, adj. High ; conspicuous. See EMINENCE. 
 EMTSSARY. s. One sent out on secret business ; a spy. L. emissa- 
 
 rius ; from emissus, p. part, of emitto ; comp. of e, from, and mitto, 
 
 to send. 
 EMISSION, s. Act of emitting ; thing emitted. L. cmissio. See 
 
 EMIT. 
 EMIT', v. To send forth ; to issue. L. emitto : e, from, and mitto, to 
 
 send. 
 EMOL'LIENT. adj. Softening. L. emolliens : mollis, soft. 
 EMOL'UMENT. s. Profit. L. emolumentum ; comp. of e, from, and 
 
 molimentum, an enterprise : molior, to toil. 
 EMO'TION. s. Disturbance of mind ; vehemence of passion. L. emo- 
 
 tio : emotus, p. part, of emoveo : e, out of, and moveo, to move. 
 EMPALE. See IMPALE. 
 
 EM'PEROR. s. A monarch, generally supposed to reign over many 
 
 96 
 
EMP— END 
 
 countries. F. emperevr : L. imperator, meaning originally a com- 
 
 mander or ruler : from impero, to rule. 
 EM'PHASIS. s. Remarkable stress, laid upon a word, or a sentence. 
 
 G. emphasis : en, in, and phaino, to show or appear. 
 EMPHATIC, adj. Forcible ; impressive ; requiring- emphasis ; uttered 
 
 with emphasis. See EMPHASIS. 
 EM'PIRE. s. Government; territory governed. F. empire. See EM- 
 PEROR. 
 EMPIRIC, s. A quack. F. empirique : G. empeirikos : en, in, and 
 
 peira, an endeavour, or experiment. 
 EMPLOY', v. To occupy the time, attention, and labour of; to use 
 
 as an instrument or means. F. employer : L. in, in, and plico, to 
 
 fold. 
 EMPO'RIUM. s. A place of merchandise ; a commercial city. G. 
 
 emporion : emporos, a merchant. 
 EMPYR'EAN". s. The highest heaven. G. empuros : en, in, and pur, 
 
 fire. 
 EMPYR'EUM. s. The disagreeable burned taste and smell, which 
 
 sometimes remains after boiling or distillation. G. empureuma : en, 
 
 in, and pur, fire. 
 EMULATE, v. To rival. L. cemulor, to rival. 
 EMULSIVE, adj. Softening; milk-like. L. emulsus, p. part, of 
 
 emulgeo : e, from, and mulgeo, to milk. 
 ENAM'EL. v. To inlay ; to variegate with colours, properly with 
 
 colours fixed by fire. 
 ENAM'OUR. v. To inflame with love. F. en, into, and amour, love : 
 
 L. in and amor. 
 ENCHANT, v. To practise sorcery or witchcraft upon ; to delight to 
 
 the highest degree ; to charm. F. enchanter : L. in, upon, and canto, 
 
 to sing often. 
 ENCHASE, v. To enfix; to enclose in any body, so as to be held fast. 
 ENCLITICS, s. Particles which are closely united with other words, 
 
 and throw back the accent upon the foregoing syllable. G. enkli- 
 
 tica : en, in, or upon, and Iclino, to recline. 
 ENCLOSE, v. To envelop ; to surround. F. enclos, part, of enclorre, 
 
 to enclose. See INCLOSE. 
 ENCO'MIUM. s. Praise. G. enkomion ; from komazo,io celebrate in 
 
 song. 
 ENCORE. Again. F. 
 
 ENCOUN'TER. s. Conflict. F. encontre : L. contra, against. 
 ENCOUR'AGE. v. To give courage; to incite; to raise confidence. 
 
 F. en, in, and COURAGE. 
 
 ENCROACH', v. To invade another's right ; to pass bounds. F. ac~ 
 crochet, to catch : croc, a hook. 
 
 ENCUMBER, v. F. encombrer. See INCUMBER. 
 
 ENCYCLOPiE'DIA. s. The circle of sciences; a work containing 
 information on every science. G. enkuklopaideia. See CYCLO- 
 PAEDIA. 
 
 ENDEM'IC. adj. Relating to a disease which is natural to a country. 
 
 G, endemos : en, in, and demos, the people. 
 
 ENDORSE', v. To write on the back of a bill, &c. F. endosser, (for- 
 merly endorser ;) en, in, and dos, the back : L. in, and dorsum. 
 i 97 
 
END— ENS 
 
 ENDOW, v. To give a dower; to enrich by a gift. F. endouaire. 
 See DOWER. 
 
 ENDU'RE. v. To continue ; to sustain. F. endurer : L. in, in, and 
 duro, to continue. 
 
 ENEMY, s. A foe ; an antagonist. F. ennemi : L. inimicus ; in, not, 
 and amicus, a friend. 
 
 ENERGY, s. Natural power ; force. G. energeia : en, in, and ergon, 
 work. 
 
 ENER'VATE. v. To weaken ; to effeminate. L. enervo : comp. of 
 e, from, and nervus, a nerve or sinew. 
 
 EN FAMIL'LE. In the usual family mode; without ceremony. F. 
 en, according a.s,famille, the family. 
 
 ENFILA'DE. v. To pierce from flank to flank. F. enfiler : en, in, 
 andjile, a row. 
 
 EN FLUTE. A vessel is said to be armed enjlute, when she carries 
 only her upper tier of guns ; her hold being filled with stores. Flute 
 is a kind of long vessel, serving chiefly for the carrying of provisions 
 in fleets of ships of war ; and is supposed to be derived from a Ger- 
 man word, signifying to float. F. en, in the manner of, flute, a flute. 
 
 ENFRANCHISE, v. To admit to all the privileges of a freeman ; to 
 invest with the elective privilege. F. en, into, and franchise, free- 
 dom. 
 
 ENGA'GE. v. To empawn; to stake; to embark in an affair; to at- 
 tack ; to bind by appointment or contract, &c. F. engager : comp. 
 of en, in, and gage, a pawn or pledge. 
 
 ENGENDER, v. To beget between different sexes ; to produce ; to 
 form. F. engendrer : en, in, and genus, a race. 
 
 ENGINE, s. A machine. F. engin : L. ingenium, a contrivance : in, 
 in, and geno, to beget. 
 
 ENGRA'VE. v. To cut figures in any substance. F. engraver : G. 
 en, into, and grapho, to write. 
 
 ENGROSS', v. To monopolize ; to copy in a larger character. F. 
 grossir, to enlarge. 
 
 ENIG'MA. s. An obscure question ; a riddle. G. ainigma : ainisso. 
 mai, to hint. 
 
 ENJOIN', v. To lay an injunction upon; to order; to prescribe. F. 
 enjoindre. See INJUNCTION. 
 
 EN MASSE. In a body : a military levy en masse, includes the whole 
 population capable of bearing arms. F. en, in, masse, a mass. 
 
 ENNUI, s. Weariness. F. 
 
 EN'MITY. s. The quality or state of being an enemy. F. inimitie ; 
 in, meaning not, and amitie, friendship. 
 
 ENORMOUS, adj. Irregular ; extremely large. L. enormis : e, out 
 of, and norma, a rule. 
 
 ENROL', v. To write in a roll or register ; to record. F. enroler : en, 
 in, and role, a roll or register. 
 
 ENSHRI'NE. v. To enclose in a chest or cabinet ; to preserve as a 
 thing sacred. F. en, in, and shrine. 
 
 EN SIGN. s. The flag or banner of a military band ; the officer who 
 carries the banner; naval ensign; a larger banner, hoisted on a 
 staff, and carried over the poop or stern of a ship. F. enseigne : L. 
 insignia ; from signum, a mark. 
 
 98 
 
ENS-EPA 
 
 ENSUE, v. To follow as a consequence; to succeed in a train of 
 events, or course of time. F. ensuivre : L. insequor : in, upon, and 
 sequor, to follow. 
 
 ENTAIL', v. To settle and limit the inheritance of an estate, so that 
 it cannot, by any subsequent possessor, be disposed of at his pleasure. 
 See TAIL. 
 
 ENTANGLE, v. To involve ; to confuse. F. en, (used for the L. in,) 
 and L. tangor, to be beaten together. 
 
 ENTEROL'OGY. s. An anatomical description of the intestines. G. 
 enteron, an intestine, -and logos, a description. 
 
 EN'TERPRISE. s. Arduous attempt. F. enterprise : entreprendre, 
 to undertake. 
 
 ENTERTAIN', v. To amuse ; to treat hospitably ; to cherish in the 
 mind. F. entretenir : L. inter, amongst, and teneo, to hold, or retain. 
 
 ENTHUSIASM, s. A vain belief of private revelation ; heat of ima- 
 gination ; violence of passion ; elevation of fancy. G. enthousiasmos : 
 en, in, and Theos, a god. Enthusiasm may be considered as an in- 
 ternal burning of oneself in sacrifice ; as a passion which induces 
 one to believe any thing, or attempt any thing, through a violent 
 love of some object. . 
 
 ENTI'RE. adj. Whole ; complete. F. entier : L. integer, whole. 
 
 EN'TITY. s. Existence; a real being, or species of being. F. entite: 
 L. ens, from esse, to be. 
 
 ENTOMOL'OGY. s. The science which treats of insects; a treatise 
 upon insects. G. entoma, an insect, (en, in, and temno, to cut,) and 
 logos, a word, or discourse. 
 
 EN'TRAILS. s. The intestines; the bowels. G. entera; from entos, 
 within. » 
 
 EN'TRANCE. s. The act of entering ; the power of entering ; the 
 door, &c, by which a place may be entered. F. entrans, part, of 
 entrer, to enter : L. intro, within. 
 
 ENTREAT', v. To petition ; to solicit. L. in, into, and TREAT. 
 
 ENTRE NO US. Between ourselves ; in secrecy. F. entre, between, 
 nous, us. 
 
 EN'TREPOT. s. An intermediate place of deposit. F. entrepot : L. 
 inter, between, and positus, p. part, of pono, to place. 
 
 ENUMERATE, v. To mention singly; to reckon. L. enumero: c, 
 out of, and numero, to reckon. 
 
 ENUNCIA'TION. s. Act of announcing. L. enunciatio. See AN- 
 NOUNCE. 
 
 ENVEL'OP. v. To inwrap ; to conceal. F. enveloper : L. in, in, and 
 velo, to cover. 
 
 ENVI'RON. v. To surround. F. cnvironner ; virer, to go around. 
 
 EN'VOY. s. A public minister, in dignity below an ambassador, sent 
 from one government to another. F. envoye ; envoyer, to send. 
 
 EN'VY. v. To feel uneasy or mortified at the view of another's happi- 
 ness, or success ; to grudge. F. envier : L. invideo ; in, into, and 
 video, to see. 
 
 E'PACT. s. A number by which we note the excess of the common 
 solar year above the lunar, and ascertain the age of the moon. G. 
 cpakte, a supplement. 
 
 99 
 
EPA— EPI 
 
 EP'AULET. s. A military shoulder-ornament. F. epaulette ; epaule, 
 
 the shoulder. 
 EPAULE' MENT. s. In fortification, a side- work, or work to cover 
 
 side wise, made of gaboons, fascines, or bags of earth. F. epaule, a 
 
 shoulder. 
 EPHEM'ERAL. adj. Of one day's continuance. G. ephemerios ; epi, 
 
 through, and hemera, a day. 
 EPHO'RI. s. Five magistrates of Sparta, who inspected the conduct 
 
 of the kings and the people. G. ephoroi ; ephoros, an inspector : epi, 
 
 over, and horao, to see. 
 EP'IC. adj. Relating to a narrative, not acted, as the drama, but 
 
 merely read or spoken by one person : in its general sense, it now 
 
 refers to an heroic poem. L. epicus : G. epos, a word, or song. 
 EPICURE, s. A person fond of luxury. Epicurus, a Grecian, the 
 
 founder of the Epicureans. But that philosopher did not teach that 
 
 pleasure arose from sensual gratification ; but from intellectual en- 
 joyment. 
 EPIDEMIC, adj. Generally prevailing. G. epidemos ; epi, through, 
 
 and demos, the people. 
 EPIDERMIS, s. In anatomy, the cuticle or scarf-skin of the body. 
 
 G. epidermis : epi, upon, and derma, a skin. 
 EPIGLOT'TIS. s. In anatomy, one of the cartilages of the larynx, 
 
 which covers the glottis. G. epiglottis : epi, over, and glotta, the 
 
 tongue. 
 EP IGRAM. s. A short poem, treating of only one subject, and ending 
 
 in some point of wit. G. epi, upon, and gramma, a letter. 
 EPIGRAPH, s. A title; an inscription. G. epi, upon, and grapho, to 
 
 write. 
 EP'ILEPSY. s. A convulsive fit. G. epilepsia ; epi, upon, and lam- 
 
 bano, to seize. 
 EP'ILGGUE. s. A poem or speech after the conclusion of a play. G. 
 
 epilogos ; epi, upon, or after, and logos, a word. 
 EPIPHANY, s. A church festival on the twelfth day after Christmas. 
 
 G. epiphaneia ; epi, upon, and phaino, to appear, 
 EPISCOPAL, adj. Relating or belonging to a bishop. L. episcopalis : 
 
 G. episkopos, an overseer : epi, over, and skopeo, to look. 
 EP'ISODE. s. A digression in a poem or fable. G. episodion : epi, 
 
 beside, and ode, a song. 
 EPIS'TLE. s. A solemn letter. G. epistole ; epi, upon, and stello, to 
 
 send. 
 EP'ISTYLE. s. In ancient architecture, a term used by the Greeks 
 
 for what is now called the architrave. G. epi, upon, and stulos, a 
 
 column. 
 EP'ITAPH. s. Inscription on a tomb. G. epitaphion ; epi, upon, and 
 
 taphos, a tomb. 
 EPITHALA'MIUM. s. A marriage song. G. epithalamion ; epi, upon, 
 
 and thalamos, a bridal chamber. 
 EP'ITHET. s. An adjective denoting any quality, good or bad. G. 
 
 epitheton ; epi, upon, tithemi, to place. 
 EPIT'OME'. s. An abridgment. G. epitome ; epi, into, and temno, to 
 
 cut. 
 
 100 
 
EPO— ERE 
 
 EP'OCH, or EPOCH' A. s. The time at which a new computation is 
 
 begun. L. epocha : G. epoche ; epi, upon, and echo, to hold, or stop. 
 EP'ULARY. adj. Belonging to feasts or banquets. L. epularis : epu- 
 
 lum, a feast. 
 EQUANIMTTY. s. Evenness of mind. L. aquanimitas ; from cequus, 
 
 equal, and animus, the mind. 
 EQUA'TION. s. A term in algebra and astronomy, denoting equali- 
 sation. L. (zquatio ; from eequus, equal. 
 EQUA'TOR. s. The imaginary circle which divides the globe into 
 
 two equal parts, called the northern, and southern hemispheres. L. 
 
 (equator ; from tequus, equal. 
 EQUER'RY. s. Master of the horse. L. equarius, pertaining to a 
 
 horse : equus, a horse. 
 EQUES'TRIAN. adj. Pertaining to horses or horsemanship ; being 
 
 on horseback. L. equester : from equus, a horse. 
 EQUILAT'ERAL. adj. Having all sides equal. L. aqua latera, equal 
 
 sides : oequus, and latus. 
 EQUILIBRATE, v. To balance equally. L. cequus, equal, and libra, 
 
 a balance. 
 EQUILIBRIUM, s. Equipoise; equality of weight. L. equilibrium ; 
 
 cequus, equal, and libra, a balance. 
 EQUINOX, s. The time when the sun crosses the equator, and the 
 
 night is of the same length as the day. L. aquus, equal, and nox, a 
 
 night. 
 EQUIP', v. To furnish for a horseman; to furnish in general. F. 
 
 equiper : L. equus, a horse. 
 EQUIPAGE, s. Furniture of a horseman ; but, more generally a 
 
 splendid carriage and the horses ; or table furniture. F. equipage. 
 
 See EQUIP. 
 EQUIPOISE', s. Equilibrium; equality of weight, or of power. L. 
 
 cequus, equal, and F. poids, weight. 
 EQUIPOLLENT, adj. Having equal power or force. L. cequus, 
 
 equal, and pollens, part, of polleo, to be able. 
 EQUIPON'DEROUS. adj. Equal in weight. L. cequus, equal, and 
 
 pondero, to weigh. 
 EQ'UITY. a. Justice ; mode of decision in a court of justice, accord- 
 ing rather to the spirit, than the letter, of the law. L. tequilas ; from 
 
 csquus, equal. 
 EQUIVALENT, adj. Of equal value, or power. L. eequus, equal, and 
 
 valens, part, of valeo, to avail. 
 EQUIVOCAL, adj. Capable of being construed in different senses; 
 
 uncertain. L. cequivocus ; aquus, equal, and vox, a voice. 
 EQUIVOROUS. adj. Feeding or subsisting on horse-flesh. L. equus, 
 
 a horse, and voro, to eat. 
 ERA'DIATE. v. To shoot as rays of light. L. c, from, and radio, to 
 
 beam. 
 ERADICATE, v. To pull up by the root; to destroy entirely. L. 
 
 eradico ; e, from, and radix, a root. 
 ERA'SE. v. To scrape out; to expunge. L. c, from, and rasum, sup. 
 
 of rado, to scrape. 
 ERECT', adj. Upright : directed upwards. L. erectus ; p. part, of 
 
 erigo : e, from, and rego, to rule, or make straight, 
 
 i* 101 
 
ERE— ESQ 
 
 ER'EMITE. s. A hermit. See HERMIT. 
 
 EREP'TION. s. A taking or snatching away, by force. L. ereptio : 
 ereptus, p. part, of eripio : e, from, and rapio, to take by violence. 
 
 ERR. v. To deviate ; to mistake. L. erro, to wander. 
 
 ER'RAND. s. A message ; something to be told or done by a messen- 
 ger. L. errans, part, of erro, to wander. 
 
 ERRA'TA. s. Errors. L. pi. of erratum ; from erratus, part, of erro. 
 See ERR. 
 
 ERRATTC. adj. Wandering. L. erraticus. See ERR. 
 
 ERRO'NEOUS. adj. Incorrect. L. erroneus. See ERR. 
 
 ERUBES'CENT. adj. Red, or reddish ; blushing. L. erubescens, part, 
 of erubesco : rubeo, to be red. 
 
 ERUDI'TION. s. Knowledge obtained by learning. L. eruditio ; 
 from eruditus, p. part, of erudio, to instruct; corap. of e, from, and 
 rudis, untaught. 
 
 ERUP'TION. s. Ereaking forth ; a cutaneous disease. L. eruptio ; 
 eruptus, p. part, of erumpo ; e, from, and rumpo, to break. 
 
 ERYSIP'ELAS. s. An eruption of a hot, acrid humour, chiefly in the 
 face. G. erusipelas ; eruo, to draw, and pelas, adjoining ; because, 
 the neighbouring parts are drawn closer by the eruption. 
 
 ESCALA'DE. s. Act of scaling the walls of a fortified place. F. esca- 
 lade ; from echelle, a ladder. 
 
 ESCHEAT', v. To result back, in consequence of some unforeseen 
 contingency, to the lord of the fee. F. escheoir, to happen. 
 
 ESCORT', v. To convoy. F. escorter : L. cohors, a cohort or band of 
 soldiers. 
 
 ESCRITOF RE. s. A writing-desk. F. ecritoir, (formerly escritoire ;) 
 L. scriptum, sup. of scribo, to write. 
 
 ESCULENT, adj. Eatable. L. esculentus ; esum, sup. of edo, to eat. 
 
 ESCUT'CHEON. The shield on which a coat of arms is represented. 
 
 F. ecvsson : from L. scutum, a shield. 
 
 ESOT'ERIC. adj. Private ; an epithet applied to the private instruc- 
 tions and doctrines of Pythagoras ; opposed to exoteric, or public. 
 
 G. esoteros : from eso, within. 
 
 ESPALI'ER. s. A row of trees planted about a garden, or in hedges, 
 and trained up to a lattice of wood-work, or stakes. F. from the L. 
 palus, a stake or pole. 
 
 ESPE'CIAL, adj. Particular. See SPECIAL. 
 
 ESPIONAGE', s. Act of a spy ; inspection, with a design of informing 
 against. F. espionnage. See ESPY. 
 
 ESPLANA'DE. s. In fortification, the glacis of the counterscarp, or 
 the sloping of the parapet of the covered way, towards the country ; 
 or the void spaces between the glacis of a citadel, and the first houses 
 of the town. Spanish, esplanada ; from L. planus, a plane. 
 
 ESPOU'SE. v. To marry ; to abet. F. epouser ; (formerly espouser ;) 
 epouse, a wife. 
 
 ESPY', v. To see any thing at a distance ; to discover a thing intend- 
 ed to be hidden, &c. F. espier : L. e, from, or out, and specio, to 
 behold. 
 
 ESQUIRE', s. The attendant, or armour-bearer, of a knight ; a title 
 applied, also, to some of the younger sons of noblemen, and to ma- 
 gistrates, military officers, &c. Old F. escuer ; escu, a shield. 
 
 102 
 
ESS— EVA 
 
 ESSAY', s. To attempt. F. essayer, to attempt. 
 
 ES'SAY. s. An attempt ; a dissertation. See the vero. 
 
 ES'SENCE. s. Physical basis ; essential oil. F. essence : L. essentia, 
 
 the existence : esse, to be. 
 ESSENTIAL, adj. Having the essence ; indispensable. L. essentialis. 
 
 See ESSENCE. 
 ESTAB'LISH. v. To render stable ; to settle firmly ; to confirm ; to 
 
 found. F. etablir, formerly establir. See STABLE. 
 ESTATE, s. Condition of life ; property. F. etat ; (formerly estat ;) 
 
 L. status ; from sto, to stand. 
 ESTEEM', s. Regard ; respect. See ESTIMATE. 
 ES'TIMATE. v. To rate ; to conjecture. L. cestimo ; ces, money. 
 ESTRANGE', v. To withdraw the affections. F. etranger, (formerly, 
 
 estranger ;) L. e, from, and stringo, to draw. 
 ESTREAT, v. To extract or take out from the other records, (in the 
 
 case of a recognizance,) for the purpose of putting in suit. See EX- 
 TRACT. 
 ES'TUARY. s. An arm of the sea ; a frith ; a narrow passage, or the 
 
 mouth of a river or lake, where the tide meets the current, or flows 
 
 and ebbs. L. cestuarium : (Bstuo, to boil or foam. 
 ET CETERA. Abbreviated etc. or SfC. And the rest ; and others of 
 
 the same kind. L. et, and, and catera, others. 
 E'THER. s. An imaginary air ; a volatile distilled spirit. L. ather : 
 
 G. aither ; ailho, to burn. 
 ETH'ICS. s. The doctrine of morality. G. ethike ; ethos, a manner. 
 ETH'NIC. adj. Gentile ; neither Jewish nor Christian. G. ethnikos ; 
 
 ethnos, a nation. See GENTILE. 
 ETHNOG'RAPHY. s. A treatise upon nations. G. ethnos, a nation, 
 
 and grapho, to write. 
 ETIQUETTE, s. Established ceremony or mode, F. etiquette, a 
 
 ticket, upon which the forms of court ceremonies, &c. are written. 
 ETYMOL'OGY. s. The derivation of a word from its original ; that 
 
 part of grammar which treats of the different sorts of words and 
 
 their various modifications. L. etymologia : G. etumologia ; etumos, 
 
 true, and logos, a word. 
 ETYMON, s. Origin ; primitive word. G. etumon. 
 EU'CHARIST. s. The Lord's Supper. G. cucharistia, thanksgiving : 
 
 eu, well, and charis, favour. 
 EUDIOM'ETER. s. An instrument, invented by Priestley, for ascer- 
 taining the purity of atmospheric air. G. eu, good, dios, air, and 
 
 metron, measure. 
 EU'LOGY. s. Praise. G. euhgia ; comp. of eu, good, and logos, a 
 
 word. 
 EU'PHONY. s. Agreeable sound. G. euphonia ; eu, well, and phoneo, 
 
 to sound. 
 EVACUATE, v. To make empty : to retire from. L. evacuo ; vacuus, 
 
 empty. 
 EVA'DE. v. To elude, or avoid. L. evado ; e, from, and vado, to 
 
 march, or move. 
 EVANESCENT, adj. Vanishing ; imperceptible. L. evanescens, part 
 
 of evanesco, to disappear : from vanus, empty. 
 
 103 
 
EVA— EXC 
 
 EVANGELIST, s. A writer of the history cf Christ. L, evangelus : 
 
 G. evangelos ; from ey, good, and angelo, to declare, 
 EVAPORATE, v. To ascend in vapour. L. evaporo ; e, from, and 
 
 vapos, vapour, 
 EVASION, s. Act of evading ; subterfuge ; equivocation ; shift. L. 
 
 evasio. See EVADE. 
 EVENT', s. Occurrence. L. eventus ; e, out of, and ventum, sup, of 
 
 venio, to come. 
 EVICT', v. To dispossess by a judicial process. L. evictum, sup. of 
 
 evinco : e, from, and vinco, to conquer. 
 EVIDENCE, s. Proof; testimony ; the person who testifies. F. evi- 
 dence : L. evidentia. See EVIDENT. 
 EVIDENT, adj. Proved; clear. F. evident: L. evident; e, out of, 
 
 and video, to see. 
 EVINCE', v. To prove ; to manifest. L. evinco ; e, from, and vinco, to 
 
 conquer. 
 EVISCERATE, v. To embowel. L. eviscero ; e, from, and viscera, 
 
 the bowels. 
 EVTTABLE. adj. Avoidable ; that may be escaped or shunned. L. 
 
 evitabalis : evito, to shun. 
 EV'OCATE. v. To call forth. L. evoco. See EVOKE. 
 EVO'KE. v. To call forth. L. evoco: e, from, and voco, to call. 
 EVOLA'TION. s. The act of flying away. L. evolo ; e, from, and 
 
 volo, to fly. 
 EVOLUTION, s. Act of unfolding ; military field-exercise. L. evolu- 
 
 tus, p. part, of evolvo. See EVOLVE. 
 EVOLVE', v. To unfold ; to throw off by chemical effect. L. evolvo ; 
 
 e, from, and volvo, to roll. 
 EVUL'SION. s. The act of plucking away. L. evulsio : evulsus, p. 
 
 part, of evello : e, from, and vello, to pluck. 
 E'WER. s. A vessel in which water is brought, for washing the hands. 
 
 F. eau, water. 
 EXACT', adj. Without defect or omission ; according to rule ; metho- 
 dically ; very accurate. F. exacte : L. exactus, p. part, of exigo ; ex, 
 
 out, and ago, to do. 
 EXACT', v. To demand as a right ; to require authoritatively ; to en- 
 force ; to extort. See the adjective. 
 EXAGGERATE, v. To heighten beyond truth. L. exaggero ; ex, 
 
 above, and aggero, to heap: agger, a heap: ad, to, and gero, to 
 
 carry. 
 EXANIMATE, adj. Lifeless ; inanimate. L. ex, from, and anima, 
 
 the breath, or soul. • 
 
 EXALT', v. To raise ; to dignify. F. exalter : L. ex, above, and altus, 
 
 high. 
 EXAM'PLE. s. A pattern ; a copy ; a model ; precedent. L. exem- 
 
 plum : ex, and similis, like. 
 EXASPERATE, v. To enrage. L. exaspero ; ex, above, (meaning in 
 
 a high degree,) and aspero, to make rough : asper, rough. 
 EX'CAVATE. tf. To make hollow. L. excavo ; ex, from, and cavo, to 
 
 make hollow. 
 EXCEED', v. To go beyond ; to surpass. L. excedo ; ex, from, and 
 
 cedo, to depart. 
 
 104 
 
EXC-EXE 
 
 EXCEL', v. To be eminent; to surpass. L. excello; ex, from, and 
 
 cello, to lift up. 
 EXCEPT', v. To leave out. L. exceptum, sup. of excipio ; ex, out of, 
 
 and capio, to take. 
 EXCEKP'TA. s. Extracts. L. excerpta ; from excerptus, part, of ex- 
 
 cerpo ; ex, from, and carpo, to pluck. 
 EXCESS', s. More than sufficient ; surplus. L. excessus, p. part, of 
 
 excedo. See EXCEED. 
 EXCISE, s. A tax, formerly paid by a part of the article assessed. L. 
 
 excisvs, p. part, of excido. See EXCISION. 
 EXCISION, s. Act of cutting out. L. excisio ; from excisus, p. part. 
 
 of excido ; ex, from, and c&do, to lop. 
 EXCITE, v. To rouse; to animate; to encourage; to put in motion. 
 
 L. excito; ex, out of, and cito, to call. 
 EXCLAIM', v. To call loudly. L. exclamo ; ex, from, and clamo, to 
 
 call. 
 EXCLU'DE. v. To shut out ; to debar. L. excludo ; comp. of ex, from, 
 
 and claudo, to shut. 
 EXCLU'SION. s. Act of excluding. L. exclusus, p. part, of excludo. 
 
 See EXCLUDE. 
 EXCOMMU'NICATE. v. To expel from communion. L. ex, from, 
 
 and communico, to impart, or share with another. 
 EXCO'RIATE. v. To strip off the skin. L. ex, from, and corium, a 
 
 skin. 
 EXCORTICA'TION. s. Act of stripping off the bark. L. ex, from, 
 
 and cortex, the bark. 
 EXCRESCENCE, s. Irregular protuberance. L. excrescens ; part, of 
 
 excresco ; ex, from, and cresco, to grow. 
 EXCRUCIATING, adj. Extremely painful. L. excrucio, to torture : 
 
 ex, from, and cruce, abl. of crux, a cross ; alluding to the torments 
 
 of crucifixion. 
 EXCUL'PATE. v. To exonerate from a criminal charge. L. ex, from, 
 
 and culpa, blame. 
 EXCURSION, s. A ramble out of the prescribed path. L. excursio ; 
 
 ex, from, and curro, to run. 
 EXCUSE, v. To disengage from an obligation; to pardon. L. excuso ; 
 
 ex, from, and causa, a cause, or suit at law. 
 EXECRATE, v. To curse ; to detest. L. execror, or exsecror ; ex, 
 
 from, and sacrum, a holy rite : meaning, to debar from the benefit 
 
 of religious ceremonies. 
 EX'ECUTE. v. To perform ; to put to death. L. executus, part, of 
 
 exequor ; ex, according to [direction,] and sequor, to follow. 
 EXECUTIVE, adj. Relating to the power which performs, but does 
 
 not deliberate. See EXECUTE. 
 EXEMPLI GRATIA. As an example; for instance; usually ab- 
 breviated ex. gr., or e. g. L. 
 EXEMPT', adj. Free by privilege. L. exemptus, p. part, of eximo ; 
 
 ex, from, and emo, to purchase. 
 EX'EQUIES. s. Funeral rites ; the ceremonies of burial. L. exequies ; 
 
 from exequor, to follow. 
 EX'ERCISE. s. Use ; practice ; performance ; exertion ; task. L. 
 
 exercitum ; from exerceo, to exercise : G. ergon, work. 
 
 105 
 
EXE— EXO 
 
 EXERGUE, s. F. See EXERGUM. 
 
 EXER'GUM. s. The circular space between the work and the edge of 
 a coin or medal, on which the inscription is usually placed. G. ex, 
 from, and ergon, work. 
 
 EXERT', v. Literally, to thrust forth ; to emit. (An unusual applica- 
 tion.) To thrust forth, as strength, force, or ability ; to put into ac- 
 tion ; to strive. L. exero : ex, from, and sero, to throw, to thrust. 
 
 EXEUNT OM'NES. Used, in theatrical pieces, to mark the de- 
 parture, from the stage, of all the characters. L. omnes, all, exeunt, 
 go out : omnis, and cxeo. 
 
 EXFOLIATE, v. To separate in layers. L. ex, from, and folium, a 
 leaf. 
 
 EXHA'LE. v. To emit or draw out vapour or fumes. L. exhalo ; ex, 
 from, and halo, to breathe. 
 
 EXHAUST', v. To draw away; to fatigue. L. exhaustum, sup. of 
 exhavrio ; ex, from, and haurio, to draw. 
 
 EXHIB'IT. v. To display. L. exhibeo ; comp. of ex, from, and habeo, 
 to have or hold. 
 
 EXHILARATE, v. To enliven. L. exhMaro. See HILARITY. 
 
 EXHORT', v. To advise from an evil, or to a virtuous action. L. ex- 
 hort or ; ex, from, and hortor, to advise. 
 
 EX'HUMATE. v. To raise out of the earth, that which has been 
 buried ; to unbury. L. ex, out of, and humus, earth. 
 
 EX'IGENCE, or EXIGENCY, s. Sudden occasion. L. exigens, part, 
 of exigo, to drive out : ex, from, and ago, to move. 
 
 EXTLE. s. Banishment, either voluntary or compulsive ; person ba- 
 nished. L. exilium ; exilio, to depart hastily : ex, from, and salio, 
 to leap. 
 
 EXIST', v. To be ; to have a being. L. existo : ex, out of, and sisto, 
 to stand still or continue. 
 
 EX'IT. A term used to mark the time at which a player leaves the 
 stag;e ; departure. L. exit, he (or she) goes out : exeo. 
 
 EX-MINISTER, s. One who has been a minister of state. L. ex, out, 
 and minister. 
 
 EX'ODUS. s. The second book of Moses, which describes the journey 
 of the Israelites from Egypt. G. exodos ; ex, out of, and odos, a way. 
 
 EX OFFI'CIO. By the power of his office. L. ex, according to, 
 officio, abl. of qfficium, an office. 
 
 EXONERATE, v. To disburthen; to exculpate. L. exonero ; ex, 
 from, and onus, a burthen. 
 
 EX OR ABLE, adj. Possible to be moved or persuaded by entreaty. 
 L. exorabilis : ex, from, and oro, to pray. 
 
 EXOR'BITANT. adj. Irregular ; enormous. L. ex, out of, and orbita, 
 a track. 
 
 EX'ORCISE. v. To pretend to drive away an evil spirit. G. ex, out 
 of, and orkizo, to adjure. 
 
 EXOR'DIUM. s. In oratory, the beginning; the introductory or pre- 
 paratory part. L. from ex, and ordior, to begin. 
 
 EXOT'ERIC. adj. External ; public ; opposed to esoteric, or secret. 
 The exoteric doctrines of the ancient philosophers, were those which 
 were openly professed and taught : the esoteric were secret, or taught 
 onlv to a few chosen disciples. G. exoteros, exterior. 
 
 106 
 
EXO— EXP 
 
 EXOTIC, adj. Foreign. G. exolikos ; exo, out of doors ; abroad. 
 EXPAND', v. To-open wide. L. expando ; ex, from, and pando, to open. 
 EX-PAR' TE'. On one side only; ex-parte evidence is that testimony, 
 
 which, as before a grand jury, is delivered in the absence of the 
 
 party against whom it is to operate. L. ex, from, parte, abl. of pars, 
 
 a part. 
 EXPA'TIATE. v. To enlarge on, in language. L. expatior ; ex, from, 
 
 and paten, to spread out. 
 EXPATRIATE, v. To send into exile ; to go into exile. F. expatrier : 
 
 L. ex, from, and patria, a country. 
 EXPECT', v. To anticipate, in the mind ; to wait for. L. expecto ; ex, 
 
 from, and specto, to look. 
 EXPECTORATE, v. To eject matter from the breast. L. ex, from, 
 
 and pectus, the breast. 
 EXPEDIENT, adj. Advantageous; fit. L. expediens, part, ofexpedio. 
 
 See EXPEDITE. 
 EXPEDITA'TION. s. The act of cutting off the feet. L. ex, from, 
 
 and pedes, pi. of^es, a foot. 
 EXPEDITE, v. To facilitate; to hasten. L. expedio, to free: ex, 
 
 from, and pede, abl. of pes, a foot. 
 EXPEL', v. To drive out. L. expello ; comp. of ex, from, and pello, 
 
 to drive. 
 EXPEND', v. To spend; to disburse. L. expendo ; ex, from, and 
 
 pendo, to weigh, or pay. 
 EXPENSE', s. Expenditure; cost. L. expensum. See EXPEND. 
 EXPE'RIENCE. s. Practice. L. experientia. See EXPERT. 
 EXPERIMENT, s. Trial. L. experimentum. See EXPERIENCE. 
 EXPERT, adj. Skilful ; dexterous. L. expertus, part, of experior : 
 
 ex, from, and perior, to be skilful. 
 EX'PIATE. v. To atone for. L. expio; comp. of ex, from, and pio, 
 
 to worship, or purge. 
 EXPI'RE. v. To breathe out; to die; to terminate. L. expiro : ex, 
 
 from, and spiro, to breathe. 
 EXPLAIN', v. To make plain; to render intelligible. L. explano: 
 
 ex, out, and planus, smooth or even. 
 EXPLE'TIVE. s. In grammar, means something inserted, more to 
 
 please the ear, than to illustrate. L. expletivum : expleo, to glut; 
 
 ex, in a superabundant degree, and pleo, to fill. 
 EXPLICABLE, adj. Explainable; capable of being made intelligible. 
 
 L. explicabilis : ex, from, and plico, to fold. 
 EXPLI'CIT. adj. Emphatically clear; not merely implied. L. explu 
 
 citus, p. part, of explico, to unfold. 
 EXPLO'DE. v. To drive out, with open marks of disapprobation ; to 
 
 make a loud noise like ignited gunpowder. L. explodo : ex, from, 
 
 and plaudo, to make a noise by clapping. 
 EXPLO'RE. v. To view with care ; to try; to search or pry into; to 
 
 examine closely. L. exploro : ex, out of, and ploro, to cry out, to 
 
 wail, to bawl. 
 EXPLO'SION. s. The act of exploding. L. explosio : explosvs, p. 
 
 part, of explodo. See EXPLODE. 
 EXPORT', v. To send out of a country, in the way of traffic. L. ex- 
 
 porto : ex, out of, and porto, to carry. 
 
 107 
 
EXP— EXT 
 
 EXPO'SE. v. To lay open ; to put in danger. F. exposer : L. exposi- 
 tvm, sup. of expono : ex, out of, and pono, to place. 
 
 EX POST FACTO. Made or done after the act; retro-active, L. 
 
 EXPOS'TULATE. v. To reason earnestly with a person, on some 
 impropriety of his conduct, &c. L. expostulo : ex, from, and postulo, 
 to require. 
 
 EXPOUND', v. To explain. L. expono: ex, out of, and pono, to 
 place. 
 
 EX-PRESTDENT. s. One who has been a president. L. ex, out, and 
 president. 
 
 EXPRESS', v. To press out ; to represent ; to declare. L. expressum, 
 sup. ofexprimo: ex, from, and premo, to press. 
 
 EXPRESS', adj. Exactly alike, (as if taken by an impression ;) expli- 
 cit ; particularly declared. See the verb. 
 
 EXPRESS', s. An extraordinary messenger. See the verb. 
 
 EXPUG'NABLE. adj. Possible to be taken or subdued by a siege, or 
 an assault. L. ex, out of, a.nd pugno, to fight. 
 
 EXPUL'SION. s. Act of expelling. L. expulsio ; from expello. See 
 EXPEL. 
 
 EXPUNGE', v. To erase. L. expungo : ex, from, and pungo, to prick. 
 
 EXPUR'GATE. v. To expunge ; to purge away. L. expurgo : ex, 
 from, and purgo, to cleanse. 
 
 EX'QUISITE. adj. Consummate; excellent. L. exquisitus, p. part. 
 of exquiro, searched out; ex, out of, and qucero, to seek. 
 
 EXSCIND', v. To cut from. L. ex, from, and scindo, to cut. 
 
 EXSICCATE, v. To dry. L. exsicco, to dry. 
 
 EX'TANT. adj. Before the public; now existing. L. exstans, part. 
 of exsto, to stand out: ex, from, and sto, to stand. 
 
 EX'TASY, or ECSTACY. s. Any emotion, by which the thoughts 
 are absorbed, and in which the mind is for a time lost; excessive 
 joy, or excessive grief. F. extase : G. ekstasis ; from ek, out, and 
 stasis, part, ofistemi, to stand. 
 
 EXTEM'PORE. adj. Without preparation. L. ex, from, and tempore, 
 abl. oi'tempus, time ; meaning the present time. 
 
 EXTEND', v. To reach (with to ;) to enlarge. L. extendo ; comp. of 
 ex, from, and tendo, to stretch. 
 
 EXTEN'UATE. v. To lessen ; to palliate. L. extenvo : ex, from, and 
 tenuis, thin, or small. 
 
 EXTERIOR, adj. Outward. L. exterior, compar. deg. of extra, with- 
 out: pos. extra; compar. exterior; sup. extremus. 
 
 EXTER'MINATE. v. To destroy. L. extermino : ex, out of, and ter- 
 mino, to end : terminus, a boundary. 
 
 EXTER'NAL. adj. Outward; foreign. L. externus : exter, foreign : 
 comp. of ex, out of, and terra, a territory. 
 
 EXTINCT', adj. Extinguished ; abolished. L. extinctus, p. part, of 
 exiinguo, to extinguish. 
 
 EXTINGUISH, v. To quench ; to destroy. L. extinguo, to extin- 
 guish. 
 
 EXTIR'PATE. v. To take out the stem or stalk ; to eradicate ; to de- 
 stroy. L. extirpo : ex, from, and slirps, a stem. 
 
 EXTOL', v. To praise highly. L. extollo : ex, from, and tollo, to 
 lift up. 
 
 108 
 
EXT— FAC 
 
 EXTORT', v. To obtain by force, or by the passion of avarice. L. 
 
 extortum, sup. of extorqueo : ex, from, and torqueo, to twist. 
 EXTRA, adj. Additional. L. extra, besides. 
 EXTRACT', v. To draw from ; to take out a part. L. extractum, 
 
 sup. of extralio ; comp. of ex, from, and traho, to draw. 
 EXTRAJUDICIAL, adj. Out of the regular course of legal procedure. 
 
 L. extra, beyond, and judicial. 
 EXTRANEOUS, adj. Foreign; of a different kind. L. extraneus : 
 
 ex, out of, and terra, the land. 
 EXTRAORDINARY, adj. Uncommon ; unusual ; eminent. L. 
 
 extraor dinar ius ; extra, beyond, and ordinarius, ordinary: ordo, a 
 
 rule. 
 EXTRAVAGANT, adj. Irregular ; wild ; prodigal. L. extravagans : 
 
 extra, beyond, and vagor, to wander. 
 EXTREME, adj. Greatest ; utmost. L. extremus, superl. of extra, 
 
 beyond. 
 EX'TRICATE. v. To disentangle. L. extrico : ex, out of, and trices, 
 
 hairs wrapped round the feet of fowls, to hinder them from es- 
 caping. 
 EXTRU'DE. v. To thrust out; to push off with violence. L. exlrudo : 
 
 ex, out, or from, and trudo, to thrust. 
 EXTRU'SION. s. Act of extruding. L. extrusus, p. part, of extrudo. 
 
 See EXTRUDE. 
 EXU'BERANT. adj. Overabundant. L. exuberans, part, of exubero : 
 
 extra, beyond, and uber, plentiful. 
 EXU'DE. v. To issue in sweat. L. exudo : ex, out of, and sudo, to 
 
 sweat. 
 EXULT', v. To rejoice greatly. L. exulto ; comp. of ex, from, [the 
 
 ground,] and salto, to dance, or leap. 
 EXU'VLE. s. Cast skins, shells, or coverings of animals; any parts 
 
 of animals which are shed or cast off. L. from exuo, to throw off, 
 
 to strip. 
 
 F. 
 
 FA'BLE. s. A fictitious story, written for amusement. L. fabula ; 
 
 for, to speak, or tell. 
 FABRIC, s. Something made. L. fabrica : faber, a workman. 
 FAB'RICATE. v. To construct; to invent. L.fabrico. See FABRIC. 
 FAB'ULOUS. adj. Fictitious; false. L. fabulosus. See FABLE. 
 FACA'DE. s. Front, (pronounced fasad', or fasa'de.) F.fagade, the 
 
 front: L. fades, the face. 
 FACE. s. In a general sense, the surface of a thing, or the side which 
 
 presents itself to the view of a spectator; as the face of the earth; 
 
 the face of the water. L. fades ; from facio, to make. 
 FACETIOUS, adj. Witty. L.facetice, raillery. 
 FACILITATE, v. To make easy. L.facilis, easy : facio, to do, or 
 
 cause. 
 FAC SIMTLE. s. An imitation, as nearly resembling the original as 
 
 possible. L. factum, a thing done, and simile, neuter of similis, like: 
 
 the word factum has been here abbreviated to fac. 
 FACT. s. A thing done ; reality. L. factum ; facio, to do. 
 
 K 109 
 
FAC— FAS 
 
 FACTION, s. A party, active in opposing another. L. factio : facio, 
 
 to do. 
 FACTI'TIOUS. adj. Made by art, in distinction to what is produced 
 
 by nature ; artificial. L. factitius : facio, to make. 
 FACTOR, s. An agent, employed to buy or sell for another. L. fac- 
 tor ; from facio, to do, or make. 
 FACTORY, s. A house, or district, inhabited by the foreign traders 
 
 of a particular nation, in. a distant country ; the traders themselves : 
 
 a manufactory. See FACTOR. 
 FACULTY, s. Power derived from nature; learned professors. L. 
 
 facultas : facio, to do, or make. 
 FACUN'DITY. s. Eloquence ; readiness of speech. L. facundilas, 
 
 probably from L. for, to speak, and undo, to flow. 
 FAIR. s. An annual or other stated meeting of buyers and sellers. 
 
 F. faire, to do. 
 
 FAITH, s. Belief; assent of the mind; fidelity, confidence ; promise 
 
 given ; sincerity ; honesty. h.Jides: Jido, to trust. 
 FAL'LACY. s. Deceit; untruth. L. fallacia : j alio, to slip or slide; 
 
 to deceive. 
 FAL/LIBLE. adj. Liable to error, or to failure. ~L.fallo, to slip. 
 FALSE, adj. Not morally true; not physically true ; perfidious; not 
 
 real, h.falsus, p. part, offallo, to slip, or deceive. 
 FAL'TER. v. To hesitate ; to stammer ; to fail, tremble, or yield in 
 
 exertion. L./aZZo. See FAULT. 
 FAME. s. Rumour; report; celebrity ; renown, h.fama: G. phama ; 
 
 phemi, to speak. 
 FAMILIAR, adj. Domestic ; affable ; unceremonious ; well-known ; 
 
 too nearly acquainted. L. fa miliar is : familia, a family. 
 FAMTNE. s. Distressful scarcity of food. F. famine: L. fames, 
 
 hunger. 
 FAMTSH. v. To starve. Ti. fames, hunger. 
 
 FA'MOUS. adj. Renowned. L. famosus : fama, report. See FAME. 
 FANATTC. adj. Wild and extravagant in opinions, particularly in 
 
 religious opinions ; excessively enthusiastic. L. fanaticus ; from the 
 
 G. phainomai, to appear. 
 
 FANCY, s. Imagination ; caprice ; liking. This is a contraction of 
 phantasy. See FANTASM. 
 
 FAN'TASM. s. Something which appears real, but is only in the ima- 
 gination. G. phantasma, an apparition : phaino, to appear. 
 
 FANTAS'TIC. adj. Irrational ; whimsical. F.fantastique. See FAN- 
 TASM. 
 
 FARCE.s. A dramatic afterpiece, of a ludicrous kind. F.farcir: L. 
 farcio, to fill up, or stuff. 
 
 FARINACEOUS, adj. Mealy. L. farina, meal. 
 
 FARRA'GO. s. A rude or confuted mixture. L. farrago : far, all 
 kinds of corn. 
 
 FAR'RIER. s. A horse-doctor, (a profession usually followed by horse- 
 shoers.) F. ferrier : L. ferrarius, belonging to iron : ferrum, 
 iron. 
 
 FAS'CES. s. Rods, with an axe bound up in the middle, anciently 
 carried before the Roman consuls. L. fasces, pi. of fascis, a bundle 
 of twigs. 
 
 * 110 
 
FAS— FEL 
 
 FAS'CINATE. v. To influence, as if by supernatural power ; to de- 
 light highly, h.fascino, to bewitch. 
 
 FAS'CINE. s. The military name of a fagot : fascines are used gene- 
 rally for filling up a ditch. F. fascine : L.fascis, a bundle of twigs. 
 
 FASH'ION. s. Form ; make ; manner ; general practice. F. facon : 
 from the L./acio, to make. 
 
 FASTI DTOUS. adj. Disdainful ; overdelicate ; disagreeably method- 
 ical. L. fastidious ; from fastidium, pride, reluctance. 
 
 FATE. s. Destiny ; event predetermined. L. fatum : fatus, p. part. 
 of for, to speak; — alluding to the responses of the ancient oracles. 
 
 FATUT TY. s. Foolishness ; weakness of mind. F. fatuite : L. fa- 
 tuus, silly. 
 
 FAULT, s. Offence; slight crime; defect; difficulty. Y.faute: L. 
 falsus, p. part, of fallo, to slip, or deceive. 
 
 FAUN. s. A kind of rural deity. Faunus, (a son of Picus, an Italian 
 king,) whose attachment to agriculture induced his subjects to revere 
 him, after his death, as one of their country deities. See the heathen 
 mythology. 
 
 FAUX PAS. A false step; a deviation from rectitude. F. faux, 
 false, and pas, a step. 
 
 FEALTY, s. Duty or fidelity to a superior lord ; loyalty. F. fide- 
 lite: L. fidelitas : fides, faith. 
 
 FEASIBLE, adj. Practicable. Y.faisible: faire, to do. 
 
 FEAST, s. An anniversary day of rejoicing; an entertainment of the 
 table, &c. Jj.fastus, lucky, lawful : from fas, piety, justice, right. 
 
 FEAT. s. Act; deed; exploit. F. fait, part, of faire, to do : h.facio. 
 
 FEA'TURE. 5. The make, form, or cast of any part of the face ; any 
 single lineament; outline; prominent part. L. factura, a making; 
 from facio, to make. 
 
 FEB'RIFUGJE. s. A medicine serviceable in a fever. L. fehris, a fe- 
 ver, and fugo, to drive away. 
 
 FEBRILE, adj. Relating to fever. L. f chilis : fehris, a fever. 
 
 FEB'RUARY. s. The second month. L. Februarius. The luperca- 
 lia, says Plutarch, appears to have been a feast of purification, being 
 solemnized on the dies nefasti, or non-court days of the month of 
 February, which derives its name from februo, to purify ; and the 
 very day of the celebration was anciently called Februaca. 
 
 FECULENT, adj. Foul ; excrementitious. L. fceculentus ; from f<B- 
 cula, small dregs ; fcex, dregs. 
 
 FECUNDITY, s. Fruitfulness. L.fcecunditas, fruitfulness. 
 
 FED'ERAL. adj. Relating to a contract; united. ~L.fasdus, a league. 
 
 FED'ERALIST. s. Originally meant an American citizen who voted 
 for the new federal constitution of the United States : — since the be- 
 ginning of the French war, in 1792, it has had no relative meaning ; 
 but, like the term democrat, is used only to serve the interested views 
 of a parly. See FEDERAL. 
 
 FEIGN, v. To invent; to pretend. F.feindre: ~L.fi.ngo, to make or 
 frame. 
 
 FELI'CITATE. v. To congratulate. L. felicito : felicitas, happiness; 
 felix, happy. 
 
 FELINE, adj. Resembling, or pertaining to, a cat. L.felinus : felis, 
 a cat. 
 
 Ill 
 
FEL— FIE 
 
 FE'LO DE SE'. A person of sound mind who commits suicide. L. 
 
 felo, a felon, de, of, se, himself. 
 FEMALE, s. Amongst animals, one of that sex which conceives and 
 
 brings forth young. F.femclle. See FEMININE. 
 FEMININE, adj. Relating or belonging to a female. L. femininus : 
 
 femina, a woman. 
 FEMME COV'ERTE. In law, signifies a woman covered or pro- 
 
 tected, by marriage, from the payment of debt, and, in some cases, 
 
 from criminal prosecution. F.femme, a woman, couverte, covered. 
 FEMME SOLE. A spinster ; an unmarried woman. F. femme, a 
 
 woman, and old F. sole, alone. 
 FEND. v. To keep off; to guard. From Defend. 
 FENES'TRAL. adj. Pertaining to a window. L. fenestralis : fenestra, 
 
 a window. 
 FERJE NATU'RjE. Of a wild nature; unreclaimed :— usually ap- 
 plied to animals not domesticated. L. 
 FERMENT', v. To exalt or rarefy, by internal motion of parts ; to 
 
 have the parts put into intestine motion. L. fermento : ferveo, to 
 
 grow hot. 
 FEROCIOUS, adj. Fierce. L. ferocis, gen. of ferox, fierce. 
 FERRUGINOUS, adj. Partaking of the particles and the quality of 
 
 iron. L. ferrugineus : com p. of ferrum, iron, and genus, a sort. 
 FER'TILE. adj. Fruitful. L. fertilis : fero, to bear, or produce. 
 FERVENT, adj. Hot; ardent. L. fervens, part, of ferveo, to boil. 
 FER'VID. adj. Hot ; vehement ; zealous. L. fervidus : ferveo, to 
 
 boil. 
 FER'ULE. s. A little wooden pallet or slice, used to punish children 
 
 in school. Under the Eastern Empire, the ferula was the emperor's 
 
 sceptre. L. fervla ; from ferio, to strike. 
 FES'TIVAL. s. A feast, or the period of a feast. L. festivus. See 
 
 FEAST. 
 FETE CHAMPE'TRE. An entertainment, given in the country, in 
 
 the open air. F. fete, a feast, and champ etre, rural. 
 FETID, adj. Rancid ; having an offensive smell. L. foetidus : fosteo, 
 
 to have an ill scent. 
 FE'VER. s. A disease, characterized by an increase of heat, &c. ; 
 
 heat; agitation; excitement. F. Jievre ; h.febris: from ferveo, to 
 
 be hot. 
 FI'AT. s. In law, a writ containing a peremptory order. L. fiat, let 
 
 it be done ; from fio. 
 FIB. s. A lie ; a falsehood. L. fabula, a fable. 
 FICTION, s. Invention; falsehood. L. fictio : from fictus, p. part, 
 
 of Jingo, to frame. 
 FICTITIOUS, adj. Counterfeit ; not real. L. fictitius. See FIC- 
 TION. 
 FIDELTTY. s. Faithful adherence ; honesty. L. fidelitas : fides, 
 
 faith, or truth. 
 FIDU'CIARY. adj. Given in trust ; confiding ; undoubting. L. fidu- 
 
 ciarius : fides, faith. 
 FIERCE, adj. Savage ; ravenous ; easily enraged ; passionate ; vio- 
 lent ; furious. F. fier ; L. ferus, ferox, wild, savage, cruel. 
 
 112 
 
FIE—FLA 
 
 FIERI FACIAS. A judicial writ, directing a sheriff to levy the 
 
 amount of a debt, or of damages recovered. L. facias, you must 
 
 cause it, fieri, to be made : facio, and Jio. 
 FIG'MENT. s. A fiction* L. figmentum : Jingo, to frame. 
 FIG'URE. s. Form ; an image ; a character denoting a number ; a 
 
 trope, L, Jigura ; from Jingo, to shape, or frame. 
 FILAMENT, s. A body, long and slender, like a thread. L, Jila* 
 
 menta i filum, a thread. 
 FIL'IAL. adj. Regarding a child, in relation to its parents. F. filial : 
 
 L. Jilius, a child. 
 FIL'IATE. v. To acknowledge as a son j to adopt as one's child. L. 
 
 Jilius, a son, or child. 
 FILLE DE CHAM'BRE. s. A chamber-maid. F. 
 FILLE DE JO IE. s. A prostitute. Y.Jille, a daughter, de, of,joie, 
 
 pleasure. 
 FIL'LET. s. A little band, to tie about the hair of the head ; meat 
 
 rolled together, and tied round. F. Jilet : L, Jilum, a thread. 
 FIL'LY. s. A. young mare. F. Jille : L. Jilia, a daughter. 
 FIL'TER. v. To purify by straining. Low L. Jiltro : comp. of Jilum, 
 
 a thread, and traho, to draw ; referring to the original mode of filter-. 
 
 in?, by suspended threads. 
 FI'NAL. adj. Last ; conclusive. L. Jinalis : from finis, the end. 
 FINANCE', s. Revenue. F.Jinance : L. Jinio, to accomplish. 
 FINE. s. A fine, in law, is an amicable composition or agreement of 
 
 a suit, by leave of the court; and is so called because it puts an end 
 
 to the suit. L. Jinis, an end, 
 FINESSE', s. A species of artifice, in which art and cunning are em- 
 ployed. F. finesse : from Jin, fine ; that is, small, subtle. 
 FINISH, v. To terminate; to complete ; to make perfect, Y.finir; 
 
 L. Jinio : from finis, an end. 
 FINITE, adj. Limited. L. Jinitus : finis, an end. 
 FIS'CAL. adj. Relating to the public revenue. F. fiscal : L. fiscus, 
 
 a treasury : G. phiskos, a basket. 
 FIS'SILE. adj. Having the laminae, or grain, in a direction to admit 
 
 of being cleft. L. Jissilis. See FISSURE. 
 FIS'SURE. s. A cleft. L. Jissura : from fissus, p, part, offindo, to 
 
 cleave. 
 FIS'TULA. s. A sinuous ulcer. L. fistula, a pipe. 
 FIX. v. To fasten ; to settle. L. fix win, sup. of figo, to fasten. 
 FLACCID, adj. Limber; soft, L. Jlaccidus : fiacceo, to wither. 
 FL AGELLA'TION. s. Use of the scourge ; a flogging. L. Jlagellum., 
 
 a scourge. 
 FLAGI'TIOUS. adj. Atrocious. L. fiagitius. See FLAGRANT. 
 FLA'GRANT. adj. Sometimes means flushed, but commonly, noto- 
 rious, or atrocious. L. fiagrans, part, of Jiagro, to be on fire. 
 FLAMBEAU, s. A torch. F. Jiambeau: cornp. of Jlamme, flame, 
 
 and beau, handsome. 
 FLAiME. s. Light emitted from fire. L. Jlamma : G. phlegmo, to 
 
 burn. 
 FLAM'MABLE. adj. Capable of being set on fire. See FLAME. 
 FLAN'NEL. s, A soft, nappy woollen cloth, of loose texture. T.Jlan* 
 
 elle : L. lana, wool. 
 
 k* 113 
 
FLA— FOR 
 
 FLATULENT, adj. Windy. L. flatulentus : flatus, a puff; flatus, 
 p. part, offlo, to blow. 
 
 FLEXIBLE, adj. Possible to be bent; pliant. L. flexibilis : flexus, 
 p. part, of fleclo, to bend. 
 
 FLOCK, s, A company, usually a company of birds or beasts. L. 
 fluctus, p. part, of fluo, to flow. 
 
 FLORID, adj. Bright in colour ; flushed with red; embellished. L. 
 floridus ; from floris, gen. of flos, a flower. 
 
 FLORIST, s. A cultivator* of flowers; a maker or vender of artifi- 
 cial flowers. L. floris, gen. of flos, a flower. 
 
 FLOUR'ISH. v. To have vigour ; to boast. L. floreo ; floris, gen. of 
 flos, a flower. 
 
 FLU' ATE. s. A weak salt, which, by means of strong sulphuric acid, 
 yields a vapour, and when condensed forms liquid fluoric acid. L. 
 fluo, to flow. 
 
 FLUCTUATE, v. To flow backwards and forwards; to vary often. 
 L. fluctuo : fluctus, a wave : fluo, to flow. 
 
 FLUE. s. A passage for smoke. L. fluo, to flow, or pass away. 
 
 FLU'ENT. adj. Flowing; having a ready command of words. L. 
 fluens, part, of fluo, to flow. 
 
 FLUID, adj. Liquid. L. fluidus : fluo, to flow. 
 
 FLUTE, s. A tubated musical instrument. F. flute : L. fluto, to flow 
 gently : fluo, to flow. 
 
 FLU'TED. adj. Resembling the shape of a flute. See FLUTE. 
 
 FLUVIATTC. adj. Belonging to rivers. L. fluviaticus : fluvius, a 
 river ; from fluo, to flow. 
 
 FLUX. s. Act of flowing; thing which flows ; dysentery. L. fluxus : 
 from fluo, to flow. 
 
 FLUXTONS. s. A species of arithmetic, invented by Newton. L. 
 fluxio, a flowing. 
 
 FO'CUS. s. The point where the rays of heat are collected by a burn- 
 ing-glass ; a certain point in the axis of a curve. L. focus, a fire- 
 hearth, or the fire. 
 
 FOI'BLE. s. A weak side ; a failing. F. foible, weak. 
 
 FO'LIAGE. s. Leaves. F. feuillage : L. folium, a leaf. 
 
 FO'LIATE. v. To put forth leaves ; to beat into laminas or leaves, as 
 in beating gold. L. foliatus, having leaves : folium, a leaf. 
 
 FO'LIO. s. A book, the leaves of which are formed of sheets of paper 
 once doubled. L. abl. of folium, a leaf. 
 
 FOMENT', v. To cherish with heat ; to bathe with warm lotions ; (in 
 an evil sense) to encourage. L. fomentor : from foveo, to keep 
 warm. 
 
 FONT. s. A large bason or stone vessel, in which water is contained, 
 for baptizing children or other persons, in a church. L. fons, a foun- 
 tain : fundo, to pour out. 
 
 FONT. s. A complete assortment of printing types, of one size. F. 
 fonte ; from fondre, to melt or cast ; L. fundo, to pour out. 
 
 FOR' AGE. v. To go out in search of provisions. F. fourrager : four- 
 rage, fodder : fourrer, to stuff in. 
 
 FORCE, s. Strength ; active power. F. force : L. fors, strength. 
 
 FOR'CEPS. s. Surgical tongs. L. forceps, a pair of tongs. 
 
FOR— FRA 
 
 FOR'EIGN. adj. Not of this country ; not allied ; without relation. 
 
 F. forain : L. foris, abroad. 
 FOREN'SIC. adj. Belonging, or appropriate to, a court of judicature. 
 
 L. forensis. See FORUM. 
 FORGE, v. To form by hammering ; to imitate, F. forger, to ham- 
 
 mer. 
 FOR'FEIT. s. Something lost by the commission of a crime, and 
 
 thereby gone away, or departed from the owner ; a fine. F. forfait : 
 
 L. foris, abroad, and f actus, part, of Jio, to be made, or become. 
 FOR'MIDABLE. adj. Apt to excite fear ; terrible; tremendous. L. 
 
 formidabilis : formido, fear. 
 FOR'MULA. s. A prescribed order. L. formula : forma, a form. 
 FORT. s. A fortified place ; usually a small fortified place. F. fort ; 
 
 L. fortis, strong. 
 FOR'TIFY. v. To strengthen. F. fortifier : L. fortis, strong, and 
 
 facto, to make. 
 FOR' TITER IN RE. With promptness and determination in the 
 
 execution of an affair. L. ; an expression opposed to suaviter in 
 
 modo. 
 FOR'TITUDE. s. Bravery in resisting, or in suffering. L. fortitudo : 
 
 from fortis, hardy, strong. 
 FOR'TRESS. s. A fortified building. F. fortresse : L. fortis, strong. 
 FORTUITOUS, adj. Accidental. L. fortuities : fortis, gen. of for » 
 
 chance, and itus, the act of going. 
 FOR'TUNATE. adj. Lucky ; successful. L. forlunatus : fortuna, 
 
 fortune. 
 FO'RUM. s. The market-place of Rome, where great judicial causes 
 
 were tried. L. forum, a market-place. 
 FOSSE, s. A military ditch. F. fosse : L. fossa : fossus, p. part, of 
 
 fodio, to dig. 
 FOS'SIL. s. Something dug out of the earth. L. fossilis. See 
 
 FOSSE. 
 FOUND, v. To originate, as a town or a colony. ~L.fundo, (funddre,) 
 
 to lay the groundwork : fundus, land. 
 FOUND, v. To cast, as at a foundry. L. fundo, (fundere,) to pour 
 
 out. 
 FOUND A'TION. s. The basis or lower part of an edifice ; the prin- 
 ciple or ground upon which any notion is raised. F. fondation. See 
 
 FOUND, to originate. 
 FOUN'DER. v. To cause such a soreness and tenderness in a horse's 
 
 feet, that he is unable to set them to the ground ; to sink to the bot- 
 tom. F. fondre : L. fundere (infin. of fundo) to pour out, or throw 
 
 down. 
 FOUND'RY. s. A place where articles are formed of melted metals. 
 
 See FOUND, to cast. 
 FOUNTAIN, s. A visible spring; a spout of water; origin; first 
 
 cause. F. fontaine : L. fons : from fundo, to pour out. 
 FRACTION, s. An arithmetical part of an integer. L.fractio: frac- 
 
 tus, p. part, of frango, to break. 
 FRACTURE, s. Breach ; separation of a bone. L. fractura. See 
 
 FRACTION. 
 
 115 
 
* FRA— FUE 
 
 FRAGILE, adj. Easily broken ; uncertain. L. fragilis : frango, to 
 
 break. 
 FRAG'MENT. s. A part broken off; an imperfect part, L. frag. 
 
 menlum : from frango, to break. 
 FRA'GRANT. adj. Sweet-smelling. L, fragrans, part of fragro, to 
 
 smeil sweetly : fragum, a strawberry, 
 FRAIL, adj. Weak ; decaying easily ; easily destroyed ; weak of re- 
 solution. F. frele : L. fragilis. See FRAGILE. 
 FRANCHISE, s. Privilege. F. 
 
 FRAN'GIBLE. adj. Easily broken. L. frango, to break. 
 FR AN'TIC. adj. Mad ; outrageously mad. (Corrupted from phrenetic.) 
 FRATER'NAL. adj. Brotherly; relating to brothers. F.fralernel; 
 
 L. f rater, a brother. 
 FRATRICIDE, s. Murder of a brother. L. fratricidium : f rater, a 
 
 brother, and c&do, to kill. 
 FRAUD, s. Deceit; dishonesty. F. fraude : L. fraudis, gen. of fraus, 
 
 deceit. 
 FRAY. s. See AFFRAY. 
 FRENETIC, adj. Originally, Phrenetic. Mad ; distracted. G. phre- 
 
 netikos. See FRENZY. 
 FRENZY, s. Temporary madness ; mental distraction. G. phrenetis, 
 
 madness ; (from phren, the mind) whence, phrenetisy — phrenetsy — 
 
 phrenzy — frenzy. 
 FRIABLE, adj. Easily reduced to powder. F. friaole : L. friabilis : 
 
 frid, to crumble. 
 FRIAR, s. A brother of some religious order. F. frere : L. f rater, a 
 
 brother. 
 FRICTION, s. The act of rubbing. L. frictio : frico, to rub. 
 FRIGID, adj. Cold; unfeeling; stiff; formal; lifeless. L. frigidus ; 
 
 from frigeo, to be or grow cold : rigeo, to be stiff or frozen. 
 FRIGORIF'IC. adj. Producing cold; or, in chemical language, de- 
 priving of heat. L. frigorijicus : comp. of fr igor, cold, and facio, 
 
 to make. 
 FRISEUR'. s. A hairdresser. F. friseur : friser, to curl. 
 FRIT'TER. v. To cut small ; to destroy gradually. F. friture, a piece 
 
 of meat cut small : L. frictus, p. part, of frico, to rub. 
 FRIVOLOUS, adj. Slight; trifling; trivial. L. frivolus : frio, to 
 
 break into small pieces. 
 FRONT, s. The face: the forepart of any thing. F. front: L. frons, 
 
 the forehead. 
 FRONTAL, adj. Relating to the forehead. F. frontal. See FRONT. 
 FRUCTIFY, v. To make fruitful. F. fructijier : L. fructus, fruit, 
 
 and facio, to make. 
 FRU'GAL. adj. Sparing ; economical. L. frugalis : from frugcs, fruit, 
 
 or corn : meaning, careful of provisions. 
 FRUIT, s. That part of a plant which is taken for food ; produce ; 
 
 effect, &c. L. fructus: fructus, part, offruor, to enjoy, to take the 
 
 profit of. 
 FRUI'TION. adj. Enjoyment of what one possesses. ~L. fruitus, part. 
 
 offruor, to enjoy. The miser has possession, but not fruition. 
 FRUSTRATE, v. To defeat. L.frustro, to disappoint. 
 FU'EL. s. Material for burning. F.feu, fire. 
 
 116 
 
FUG— GAL 
 
 FUGA'CTTY. s. Volatility ; quality of flying away ; a term used by 
 chemists. ~L.fugacis,gen.offugax. See FUGITIVE. 
 
 FUGITIVE, adj. Escaping ; unstable ; volative. L. fugitivus: fugio, 
 to flee or escape. 
 
 FUGITIVE, s. One who runs from his station or duty. See the ad- 
 jective. 
 
 FUGUE, s. In music, a chase or succession in the parts ; that which 
 expresses the capital thought or sentiment of the piece, in causing it 
 to pass, successively and alternately, from one part to another. F. 
 fvgue ; from the L. fugo, to chase. 
 
 FUL'CRUM. s. That on which a lever rests and moves. L. fulcrum: 
 fulcio, to prop. 
 
 FULI'GINOUS, adj. Sooty; smoky. L. fuliginosus : fuligo, soot. 
 
 FUL'MINATE. v. To make a loud crack ; to issue ecclesiastical cen- 
 sure. ~L.fulm.ino; from fulmen, thunder. 
 
 FUME. s. Smoke; vapour. L. fumus, smoke. 
 
 FUMIGATE, v. To fill with smoke or vapour. See FUME. 
 
 FUNCTION, s. Performance; employment. L. funclio : functus, 
 part, offungor, to execute. 
 
 FUND. s. A stock or capital ; money lent to government, constituting 
 a national debt, used in the pi. as the public funds. F. fond : L. 
 fundus, ground, bottom, foundation. 
 
 FUNDAMENTAL, adj. Relating to the foundation or origin ; essen- 
 tial. L. fundamentalis : fundamentum, a foundation; fundo, to 
 found. 
 
 FUNG'OUS. adj. Excrescent. L. fungus, a mushroom. 
 
 FUNERAL, s. The solemnity which attends the consignment of a 
 body to the grave. L. funeris, gen. offunus, a funeral : from funis, 
 a cord ; because lighted cords or torches were carried, by the Ro- 
 mans, before the bodies which were interred by night. 
 
 FUR'TIVE. adj. Stolen. L.furtivus: fur, a thief. 
 
 FUSE. v. To melt. ~L.fusum, sup. of fundo, to pour out. 
 
 FUSE. s. A small pipe, inserted in a bomb-shell, through which the 
 exploding fire passes. Y.fuseau, a spindle. 
 
 FUSIBLE, adj. Capable of being melted. See the verb FUSE. 
 
 FUTILE, adj. Of no effect. L. futilis : futio, to pour out. 
 
 FU'TURE. adj. Relating to time to come. Ju.futurus, about to be: 
 part, of the irreg. v. sum, I am. 
 
 G. 
 
 GAIN. s. Profit, advantage, interest. F. gain ; from gagne, to ac- 
 quire : L. gigno, to beget. 
 
 GAL' AX Y. s. A stream of light in the sky, called the milky way. G. 
 galaxia : galaxias ; from gala, milk. See the heathen mythology. 
 
 GAL'EATED. adj. Covered as with a helmet. L. galeatus : galea, 
 a helmet. 
 
 GAL'LICISM. s. A mode of speech peculiar to the French language. 
 
 F. gallicisme : L. Gallia, the ancient name of France. 
 GALLINA'CEOUS. adj. Denoting birds of the pheasant kind. L. 
 
 gallinaceus : gallina, a hen. 
 
 117 
 
GAN-GEN 
 
 GAN'GRENE. s. A cancerous sore. L. gangrcena : G. gangraina t 
 graino, to feed upon ; meaning, to destroy. 
 
 GAR'GLE. v. To wash the throat. F. gargouiller : G. gargareon, 
 the throat. 
 
 GARNISH, v. To adorn; to decorate with appendages; to furnish. 
 F. garnir, to adorn or furnish. 
 
 GAR'RISON. s. The soldiers of a fortified town or castle; the town 
 or castle having defenders. F. garnison : garnir, to furnish. 
 
 GAR'RULOUS. adj. Talkative. L. garrulus ; from garrio, to prate. 
 
 GASCONA'DE. s. A boast ; a bravado. F. from Gascon, an inhabit- 
 ant of Gascony, in France ; a province remarkable for boasting. 
 
 GASOM'ETER. s. In chemistry, an instrument or apparatus, intended 
 to measure, collect, preserve, or mix different gases. Gas, and G. 
 melron, measure. 
 
 GASTRIC, adj. Relating to the stomach. G. gaster, the belly, or 
 stomach. 
 
 GELATINOUS, adj. Of the nature of jelly. L. gelatus, p. part, of 
 gelo, to freeze : gelu, frost. 
 
 GEL'ID. adj. Extremely cold ; frozen. L. gelidus : gelu, frost. 
 
 GEM. s. A jewel. L. gemma, a jewel. 
 
 GEMTNI. s. A sign of the zodiac, represented by figures of the twin 
 brothers, Castor and Pollux. L. gemini, twins. 
 
 GEN'DER. s. A natural sex ; a grammatical sex. F. gendre : L. 
 generis, genitive of: genus, a kind. 
 
 GENEAL OGY. s. History of the succession of families. G. genea- 
 logia : genea, a generation, and logos, a description. 
 
 GENERA, s. Classes. See GENUS. 
 
 GENERAL, s The totality; the main, without descending to parti- 
 culars : — adj. comprehending many species or individuals ; not re- 
 strained by narrow or distinctive limitations ; public ; common. F. 
 general: L. generalis ; from generis, gen. of genus, a kind. 
 
 GENERATE, s. To beget; to produce. L. genero: genus, a race. 
 
 GENERTC. adj. Relating to a genus or class. F. generique : L. ge- 
 neris, genitive of genus, a race. 
 
 GEN'EROUS. adj. The primary meaning of this word, " of high birth" 
 or "good extraction," is long since obsolete. It now signifies noble- 
 minded, open-hearted, liberal ; — when applied to animals, faithful, 
 courageous; — when applied to wines, soils, &c, strong, rich, nutri- 
 tive. F. genereux : L. generosus, noble : from generis, gen. of genus > 
 a race. 
 
 GEN'ESIS. s. The first book of Moses, which describes the creation 
 of the world and the lives of the first patriarchs. G. genesis : from 
 genea, a generation. -V 
 
 GE'NIAL. adj. Contributing to propagation ; natural. L. genialis : 
 genus, a race. 
 
 GEN'ITALS. s. The members of generation. L. genitalis. See 
 GENIAL. 
 
 GENTTTVE. adj. A case in grammar, called by the Latins, genitivus : 
 from gigno, to beget, because, it, in a manner, generates other cases 
 depending on it, and is chiefly used in the formation of compounded 
 words. 
 
 GE'NIUS. s. The protecting or ruling power of men, places, or things ; 
 
GEN— GLA 
 
 mental power or faculties ; a man endowed with superior faculties. 
 
 It appears that by the word genius, the ancients denoted a quality, 
 
 a. generative power. L. from the root of gigno : G. gennao, to beget. 
 GENTEEL', adj. Polite ; graceful ; fashionable. F. gentil : L. gen- 
 
 tilis, of the same family, or one to whom the estate would descend : 
 
 from gentis, gen. of gens, a nation, or family. 
 GENTILE, s. A term applied, by the Israelites and Christians, to 
 
 distinguish a foreigner, or one who knew not the true God. L. gen- 
 
 tilis ; from gentis, gen. of gens, a nation. 
 GENTLE, adj. Formerly meant well-born; hence, the term gentle- 
 man; but it now signifies mild. See GENTEEL. 
 GENUFLEXION, s. The act of bending the knee. L. genu, a knee, 
 
 and Jlectio, or flexio, a bending; from jtecto, to bend. 
 GENUINE, adj. Not spurious ; unmixed ; natural. L. genuinus ; 
 
 from genus, a kindred, or sort. 
 GE'NUS. s. In science, a class, comprehending many species. L. 
 
 genus, a race, or sort : pi. genera, from geno, to beget. 
 GEOCENTRIC, adj. Applied to a planet or orb having the earth for 
 
 its centre, or the same centre with the earth. G. ge, the earth, and 
 
 L. centrum, the centre. 
 GEOGRAPHY, s. Description of the earth, according to its natural 
 
 or political divisions. G. ge, the earth, and graplio, to describe. 
 GEOL'OGY. s. The doctrine of the formation and composition of the 
 
 earth. G. ge, the earth, and logos, a word or description. 
 GEOM'ETRY. s. Originally signified the art of measuring the earth, 
 
 or certain divisions of it; but it is now used for the science of quan- 
 tity or extension, abstractedly, without any regard to matter. G. 
 
 geomelria : comp. of ge, the earth, and metreo, to measure. 
 GEOR'GIC. adj. Relating to the culture of land, as treated by Virgil. 
 
 L. georgicus : G. georgikon : ge, the earth, and ergon, work. 
 GER'MAN. adj. A cousin-german, is one related to another by con. 
 
 sanguinity, or blood, not by affinity, or marriage. L. germanus : 
 
 germen, a sprout. 
 GER'MINATE. v. To sprout. L. germino: germen, a branch, or 
 
 bud. 
 GESTATION, s. The act of carrying the young before birth. L. 
 
 gestatio ; from gestus, p. part, of gero, to carry. 
 GESTICULATION, s. Various artificial gestures. L. gesticulatio. 
 
 See GESTURE. 
 GES'TURE. s. Expressive motion and carriage of the body. L. ges- 
 tus : gero, to carry. 
 GI'ANT. s. A man of size above the ordinary rate. L. gigantis, gen. 
 
 of gigas, a giant : G. gigas ; comp. of ge, the earth, and gao, to be 
 
 born. See the heathen mythology. 
 GIB'BOUS. adj. Convex ; protuberant. L. gibbus : G. kuphos : kupto, 
 
 to bend. 
 GIGANTIC, adj. Of very large stature. L. gigantis, gen. of gigas, 
 
 a giant. 
 GLACIERS, s. Huge masses of mountain ice. F. glaciers : glace, 
 
 ice : L. glacies. 
 GLA'CIS. s. In fortification, is a smooth, sloping fence. F. glacis : 
 
 glace, ice : L. glacies. 
 
 119 
 
GLA— GRA 
 
 GLAD'IATOR. s. A Roman prize-fighter, with or without a sword. 
 L. gladiator ; from gladius, a sword. y 
 
 GLAND, s. A term in anatomy. F. gland : L. glandula, a kernel in 
 the flesh. 
 
 GLAN'DERS. s. A glandular disorder peculiar to horses, and creating 
 a purulent discharge from the nostrils. See GLAND. 
 
 GLEBE, s. Land; church-land. L. gleba, a lump of earth. 
 
 GLOBE, s. A round body ; the earth. L. globus, a ball. 
 
 GLOB'ULAR. adj. Having the form of a globe. See GLOBE. 
 
 GLOB'ULE. s. Around particle of matter. L. globulus. See GLOBE. 
 
 GLOM'ERATE. v. To gather into a ball or sphere. L. glomero: 
 glomus, a ball of thread. 
 
 GLOS'SARY. s. A dictionary of antiquated or obscure words. L. 
 glossarium : G. glossa, a tongue, or language. 
 
 GLOSSOG'RAPHER. s. A writer of glossaries; a commentator upon 
 words. G. glossa, a tongue, and grapho, to write. 
 
 GLOT'TIS. s. The narrow opening at the upper part of the aspera 
 arteria, or windpipe. G. glotta, the tongue. 
 
 GLUTINOUS, adj. Of the nature of glue. L. glutinosus : gluten, glue. 
 
 GLUT'TON. s. One who indulges too much in eating. F. glduton : 
 L. glutio, to swallow. 
 
 GNOMON, s. The hand or stile of a dial. G. gnomon : ginosko, to 
 know. 
 
 GNOMONTCS. s. The art of dialling. G. gnomonike. See GNOMON. 
 
 GNOS'TIC. s. One of a numerous sect of Christians of the first cen- 
 tury, who pretended to a high degree of knowledge, and held extra- 
 vagant notions of religion. G. gnostikos : ginosko, to know. 
 
 GORGE, s. The throat; the gullet; in architecture, the narrowest part 
 of the Tuscan and Doric capitals, between the astragal, above the 
 shaft of the column and the annulets: in fortification, the entrance 
 of the platform. F. gorge, the neck or throat. 
 
 GOR'GET. s. A piece of armour, which defends the throat ; an orna- 
 ment worn by military officers, suspended from the neck, so as to 
 reach the breast. F. gorge, the throat or neck. 
 
 GOR'MANDIZE. v. To eat greedily. F. gourmand, a glutton. 
 
 GOVERN, v. To direct; to rule as a chief magistrate. F. gouverner : 
 L. guberno, to steer a ship : G. kubernao : kupto, to bend, and naus, 
 a ship. 
 
 GRADA'TION. s. Regular progress from one degree to another. L. 
 gradatio ; from gradus, a step. 
 
 GRADE, s. Rank ; class : — a word used only in the United States. 
 L. gradus, a step. v. To reduce to a proper level, or rank. 
 
 GRADUAL, adj. Proceeding by degrees. F. graduel : L. gradus, a 
 step. 
 
 GRAD'UATE. v. To mark with degrees; to obtain a collegiate de- 
 gree. L. gradus, a step. 
 
 GRAMINEOUS, adj. Grassy. L. gramineus : gramen, grass. 
 
 GRAMINIVOROUS, adj. Grass-eating ; living on grass. L. gramen, 
 grass, and voro, to eat. 
 
 GRAMMAR, s. The art of using a language correctly ; a book which 
 teaches the science of grammar. F. grammaire : G. grumma, a 
 letter. 
 
 120 
 
GRA— GYR 
 
 GRAN'ARY. s. A store for corn. L. granarium ; from granum, a 
 
 grain of corn. 
 GRANDILOQUENCE, s. High, lofty, big speaking. L. grandis, 
 
 gre.it, and loquor, to speak. 
 GRAN 1TE. s. A sort of stone, formed of distinct grains or particles. 
 
 F. gravit : L. granum, a grain. 
 
 GRAN1V OROUS. adj. Living on grain. L. granum, a grain of corn, 
 and voro, to eat. 
 
 GRANT, v. To assign with a warranty or assurance of title and quiet 
 enjoyment; to concede; to admit; to allow. F. garantir, to war- 
 rant. 
 
 GRAN'ULATE. v. To form into grains. L. granum, a grain, and 
 latum, sup. offero, to bring. 
 
 GRA'PHIC adj. Relating to the art of delineating, or of engraving. 
 
 G. grapho, to write, or engrave. 
 
 GRATIFY, v. To indulge ; to please. L. gratificor : comp. of gra- 
 
 tus, agreeable, and facio, to make. 
 GRATIS, s. Without requiring payment. L. gratis: gratus, wel- 
 come. 
 GRATTTUDE. s. Desire to repay benefits. Low L. gratitudo ; from 
 
 grator, to thank. 
 GRATUITOUS, adj. Voluntary ; as a gift. L. gratuitus. See GRA- 
 TIS. Gratuitous is sometimes used to denote without proof; but, 
 
 this sense is erroneous. 
 GRATUITY, s. A gift. F. graluite. See GRATIS. 
 GRATU'LATORY. adj. Expressing congratulation. L. gratulor, to 
 
 congratulate : gratvs, welcome. 
 GRAVE, adj. Solemn. L. gravis, weighty. 
 GRAYER, s. An engraving tool. See ENGRAVE. 
 GRAVITATE, v. To tend, by intrinsic weight, towards the centre 
 
 of attraction. See GRAVITY. 
 GRAVITY, s. Weight; solemnity. L. gravitas : gravis, heavy. 
 GRE'CISM. s. A mode of speech peculiar to the Greek language. L. 
 
 gr&cismus ; from Gratia, Greece. 
 GREGA'RIOUS. adj. Living in flocks. L. gregarius ; from greges, 
 
 pi. ofgrex, a flock. 
 GROSS, adj. Bulky ; palpable ; unrefined ; indelicate. F. gros, thick, 
 
 coarse. 
 GUARANTEE', s. One who insures the fulfilment of a contract. F. 
 
 garantie : from garantir, (formerly guarantir,) to warrant. 
 GUBERNATORIAL, adj. Relating to the office of a chief magistrate. 
 
 L. gubernator, a governor. 
 GUTTURAL, adj. Pronounced in the throat. L. gutturalis : guttur, 
 
 the throat. 
 GYMNAS'TIC. adj. Relating to athletic exercises. L. gymnasticus : 
 
 G. gumnastikos : from gumnos, unclothed. 
 GYMNOS'OPHIST. s. One of a sect of Indian philosophers, who 
 
 thought it conformable with the law of nature to go naked. F. 
 
 gymnosophist : G. gumnos, naked, and sophistes, a philosopher. 
 GYRA'TION. s. The act of turning any thing about. L. gyratus, 
 
 turned about. G. guros, a circuit. 
 
 L 121 
 
HAB—HEI 
 
 H. 
 
 IIAB'EAS COR'PUS. The name of a judicial writ, which commands 
 
 a jailer, or other person having ;iny one in custody, or under restraint, 
 
 to bring him beiinre the court. L. habeas, you must have, corpus, the 
 
 body [before us.] 
 HA BE' RE FACIAS. If a person recovers a chattel interest, in 
 
 land, the writ of execution is an habere facias possessionem ; which 
 
 directs the sheriff to give actual possession. L. 
 HABIL IMENT. s. Dress. F. habillement : L. habeo, to have. 
 HAB'IT. s. The effect of custom; dress. L. habitus; habeo, to 
 
 have. 
 HABITABLE, adj. Capable of being dwelt in. L. habitabilis. See 
 
 HABITATION. 
 HABITATION, s. Place of abode. L. habitatio: habito, to dwell; 
 
 from habeo, to have. 
 HAGIOG'RAPHY. s. Sacred writings. G. hagios, holy, and grapho, 
 
 to write. 
 HAL'CYON. adj. Happy. L. halcyoneus : from Halcyone, daughter 
 
 of iEolus; who, (according to a heathen fiction,) drowned herself in 
 
 the sea : whence, birds of the same name arose ; during whose hatch- 
 ing, there is always a calm. 
 HALLUCINATE, v. To stumble; to blunder. L. hallucinor, to 
 
 blunder. 
 HAL'O. s. A coloured circle around the sun, moon, or any of the 
 
 larger stars. G. halos, an area. 
 HAMADRYAD, s. According to the heathen mythology, nymphs 
 
 who presided over trees, with which they lived and died. G. hama % 
 
 together with, and drus, an oak. 
 HAM'ATED. adj. Hooked. L. hamatus : hamus, a hook. 
 HAN'APER. s. The clerk of the hanaper receives the fees due to the 
 
 king of England, for charters and patents. Low L. hanaperium, a 
 
 large basket, or a treasury. 
 HAR'MONY. s. Agreement ; musical concord. G. harmonia : comp. 
 
 of ha ro, to fit. 
 HAR'PY. s. According to the heathen mythology, a winged monster, 
 
 which had the face of a woman, the body of a vulture, and its feet 
 
 and fingers armed with sharp claws; a rapacious monster. L. har- 
 
 pia : G. harpax, rapacious. 
 HAUGHTY, adj. Proud; arrogant; contemptuous. F. haul, high; 
 
 or Irom a Saxon word of the same meaning. 
 HAUTEUR', s. Pride; haughtiness. F. hauteur: haut,h\gh. 
 UAUT-GOUT. s. Any thing with a strong relish. F. haut, high, and 
 
 gout, taste. 
 HEBDOMADAL, adj. Weekly. L. hebdomada : G. hebdomas, a 
 
 week : hepta, seven. 
 HECATOMB, s. An ancient heathen sacrifice of a hundred head of 
 
 cattle. L. hecatombes : G. hekatombe : hekaton, a hundred, and baus t 
 
 an ox. 
 HECTIC, adj. Constitutional. F. hectique : G. hexis, a habit. 
 HEIN'OUS. adj. Atrocious. F. haineux : from haine, ill-will. 
 
 122 
 
HEI— HER 
 
 HEIR, s, One to whom an estate or any property has descended. L. 
 
 hares : from hcereo, to stick or continue. 
 HELIOCEN'TRIC. adj. The heliocentric phce of a planet, is the 
 
 place of the ecliptic in which the pi met would appear, to a spectator, 
 
 at the centre of the sun. G. helios, the sun, and keatron, the 
 
 centre. 
 HE'LIOSCOPE. s. A kind of telescope, or glass, contrived to enable 
 
 one to look at the sun, without injury to the eye. G. helios, the sun, 
 
 and skopco, to view. 
 HELIOTROPE, s. The sun-flower; a flower which keeps its face 
 
 always towards the sun. G. helios, the sun, and trepho, to turn. 
 HELLEN'lAN. iadj. Pertaining to the Hellenes, or inhabitants oi 
 HELLEN'IC. \ Greece ; so called from Hellas, in Greece, or from 
 
 Hellen, G. hellenikos, hellenios. 
 HEMT. A word used in composition, signifying half. G. hemisu, 
 
 half. 
 HEMISPHERE, s. Haifa sphere; half of the earth. G. hemisphai- 
 
 rion : comp. of hemisu, half, and sphaira, a globe, or sphere. 
 HEM'ISTIC. s. Haifa verse of poetry. G. hemistichion : hemisu, half, 
 
 and stichos, a verse. 
 HEMORRHAGE, s. A violent flux of blood. G. haimorrhagia : 
 
 haima, blood, and rhegnumi, to burst. 
 HEMORRHOIDS, s. The piles. G. haimorrhois : haima, blood, and 
 
 rheo, to flow. 
 HEPAT'IC. adj. Relating or pertaining to the liver. L. hepaticus : 
 
 G. hepatos, gen. of he par, the liver. 
 HEPTACHORD, s. A system of seven sounds; an instrument with 
 
 seven strings. G. hepta, seven, and chorde, a chord. 
 HEP'TAGON. s. A figure having seven sides and angles. G. hepta, 
 
 seven, and gonia, a corner, or angle. 
 HEPTAN'DRIA. s. A genus of plants with hermaphrodite flowers 
 
 and seven stamina. G. hepta, seven, and andria, virility. 
 HEPTAN'GULAR. adj. Having seven angles. G. hepta, seven, and 
 
 L. angulus, a corner, or angle. 
 HEPTARCHY, s. A federal government, consisting of seven states. 
 
 G. hepta, seven, and arche, government. 
 HERBIVOROUS, adj. Naturally inclined to eat herbs. L. herha, an 
 
 herb, and voro, to devour. 
 HERCULEAN, adj. Having great strength, or large bodily frame ; 
 
 laborious. See Hercules, in the heathen mythology. 
 HEREDITARY, adj. Descending by inheritance. L. hereditarius. 
 
 See HEIR. 
 
 HERE'SIARCH. s. A leader in heresy. F. heresiarque : G. hairesis, 
 
 heresy, and archos, a chief. See HERESY. 
 HER'ESY. s. An opinion different from the tenets of the catholic 
 
 church. F. heresie : G. hairesis : from hairco, to choose or adopt [an 
 
 opinion.] 
 HER'E TIC. s. One who propagates or is inclined to heresy. F. here- 
 
 tique: G. hairetikos. See HERESY. 
 
 HERTTAGE. s. Inheritance ; that which is or may be inherited. See 
 HEIR. 
 
 123 
 
H'ER-HIE 
 
 HERMA'PHRODITE. s. An animal, or a plant, which unites the 
 
 two sexes. G. hermaphrodites ; Hermes, Mercury, and Aphrodite, 
 
 Venus, See Lempriere's Classical Dictionary, title Hermaphro- 
 dites. 
 HERMETICALLY, adv. In a manner practised by chemists, (as 
 
 hermetically sealed.) G. Hermes, Mercury, the fabled inventor of 
 
 chemistry. 
 HER' MIT. s. A person who lives in solitude. F. hermite : G. hermites : 
 
 eremift, a desert. 
 HER'NI A. s. A corporeal rupture. L. hernia ; G. hernos, a sprout ; 
 
 alluding to its protuberance. 
 HE'RO. s. A man eminent for bravery; chief personage in a poem or 
 
 drama. L. heros, a hero : G. heros, a demigod. 
 HER'PES. s. A species of cutaneous inflammation. L. herpes : G. 
 
 herpo, to creep. 
 HERPETOL'OGY. s. A description of animals that creep. G. herpo, 
 
 to creep, and logos, a description. 
 HESTTATE. v. To pause. L. hasito : from hareo, to stick fast. 
 HESPE'RIAN. adj. Western ; situated at the west. L. hesperius ; 
 
 from hesperus ; vesper, the evening star : G. hesperos. 
 HETEROCLITE. adj. Irregular; varying from the common modes 
 
 of declension ; deviating from the common rule. L. heteroclitum : 
 
 G. heteros, another, and klino, to incline or turn away. 
 HET'ERODOX. adj. Differing from an established opinion. G.heteros, 
 
 another, and doxa, an opinion. 
 HE TEROGE'NEOUS, adj. Dissimilar in natural qualities. G. heteros, 
 
 another, and genos, a kind. 
 HEX'ACIIORD. s. A system of six sounds ; an instrument with six 
 
 strings. G. hex, six, and chorde, a chord. 
 HEX' AGON. s. A figure having six sides and angles. G. hex, six, 
 
 and gonia, a corner, or angle. 
 HEXAMETER, adj. Relating to verse of six feet. L. hexameter: G. 
 
 hex, six, and metron, a measure. 
 HEXAN'GULAR. adj. Having six angles. G. hex, six, and L. angulus, 
 
 a corner, or angle. 
 HEX' APOD. s. An animal with six feet. G. hex, six, and podes, (pi. 
 
 of prms,) feet. 
 HEX'ASTILE. s. A building with six columns in front. G. hex, six, 
 
 and stulus, a style, pin, or pillar. 
 HIA'TUS. s. A chasm ; an omission in writing. L. hiatus : hio, to 
 
 gape. 
 HIBER'NAL. adj. Relating to winter. L. hibernus, relating to winter. 
 HIBERNATE, v. To winter ; to pass the season of winter in close 
 
 quarters, or in seclusion, as birds or beasts. L. hiberno : hibernus, 
 
 winterly. 
 HI'ERARCH. s. The chief of a sacred order. G. hieros, holy, and 
 
 archos, a chief. 
 HIEROGLYPHIC, s. An emblem by which an idea or word is signi- 
 fied. L. hieroglyphicus : G. hieros, sacred, and glupho, to carve : 
 
 because, used anciently in religious writings. 
 HIEROG'RAPHY. s. Holy writing. G. hieros, sacred, and grapha, 
 
 to write. 
 
 124 
 
HTE— HOR 
 
 HIEROL'OGY. s. A discourse on sacred things. G. hieros, sacred, 
 
 and logos, a word. 
 HILAR'ITY. s. Mirth. L.hilaiitas: G. hilaros, joyful. 
 HIPPOCEN'TAUR. s. In ancient fable, a supposed monster, half man 
 
 and half horse. The hippocentaur differed from the centaur, in this, 
 
 that the latter rode on an ox, the former en a horse, as the name 
 
 imports. G. hippokentauros : hippos, a horse; kenteo, to spur, and 
 
 tauros, a bull. 
 HIP'PODROME. s. Anciently, a circus, or place in which horse- 
 
 races and chariot-races were performed, and horses exercised. G. 
 
 hippodromos : hippos, a horse, and drotnos, a course ; dremo, to run. 
 HIP'POGRIFF. s. A winged horse, imagined by the Italian poet, 
 
 Ariosto. G. hippos, a horse, and grups, a griffin. 
 HIPPOPOTAMUS, s. The river-horse. L. hippopotamus : G. hippos, 
 
 a horse, arid potumos, a river. 
 HISTORIOGRAPHER, s. A writer of history. G. historia, history, 
 
 and grapho, to write. 
 HISTORIOL'OGY. s. Knowledge of history ; explanation of history. 
 
 G. historia, history, and logos, a word. 
 HIS'TORY. s. A dignified narration of events; narration. L. historia: 
 
 G. historia : histor, a witness. 
 HISTRIONIC, adj. Theatrical. L. histrio, a stage-player. 
 HOM'AGE. s. Service paid, and fealty professed, to a sovereign or 
 
 superior lord, by his tenant or vassal; who, holding up his hands, 
 
 both together, between those of the lord, professed that he became 
 
 his man, from that day forth, &c. ; respect shown, by external ac- 
 tion. F. hommage : L. homagivm : homo, a man. 
 HOM'ICIDE. s. The unpremeditated killing of any human being. L. 
 
 homicidium : comp. of homo, a man, or human being, and ccedo, to 
 
 kill. 
 HOMILY, s. A religious discourse read to a congregation. G. homi- 
 
 lia : from homileo, to associate. 
 HOMOGE'NEAL. adj. Having the same nature or principles. G. 
 
 homos, like, and genos, a kind. 
 HON'EST. adj. Upright ; sincere ; just ; chaste. L. honestus : honor, 
 
 honour, respect. 
 HON'OUR. s. Dignity; reputation; nobleness of mind; reverence. 
 
 L. honor, honour. 
 HON'ORARY. adj. Done in honour; having honour without gain. 
 
 L. honorarius. See HONOUR. 
 HORIZON, s. The line which terminates the view. G. horizon : 
 
 horizo, to limit. 
 HORTZON'TAL. adj. Parallel to the. horizon ; level. See HORIZON. 
 HOROLOGTCAL. adj. Relating or pertaining to the hours. G. hora, 
 
 an hour, and logos, a word or descripiion. 
 HOROM'ETRY. s. The art or practice of measuring time by hours 
 
 and subordinate divisions. G. hora, an hour, and rnelreo, to measure. 
 HOROSCOPE, s. A configuration of the planets, by an astrologer, at 
 
 any particular hour. G. horoskopos : hora, an hour, and skopeo, to 
 
 view. 
 
 l* 125 
 
HOR—HYD 
 
 HOR'RID. adj. Hideous ; dreadful. L. horrid us ; horreo, to be' rough ; 
 
 to tremble through fear. 
 HORS DE COMBAT. A French term, denoting wounded, or ren- 
 
 dered, by some other accident, in battle, unfit for immediate service : 
 
 hors, out, df, of, combat, battle. 
 HORTATIVE, adj. Exhortive. L. hortativus : from hortor, to advise. 
 HORTICULTURE, s. The art of cultivating gardens. L. horti, gen. 
 
 of hortus, a garden, and culture. 
 HOSAN'NA. s." Exclamation of praise to God. G. hosavna ; from two 
 
 Hebrew words ; signifying, I pray salvation, I wish prosperity. 
 HOSPITABLE, adj. Kind to strangers. L. hospitabilis : hospitiu?n, 
 
 an inn : hospes, a guest, or an entertainer. 
 HOS'PITAL. s. A place built for the reception of the sick, or poor. 
 
 L. hospitalis, belonging to strangers. See HOSPITABLE. 
 HOST. s. One who entertains in his own house ; the landlord of ah 
 
 inn. F. hoste : L. hospes, an entertainer. — An army assembled for 
 
 war; a multitude: hoslis, an enemy. — The consecrated wafer in the 
 
 Roman church : hostia, a sacrifice lor having obtained a victory over 
 
 enemies; or a sacrifice in general. 
 HOSTILE, adj. Adverse ; opposed. L. hostilis : from hostes, a fo- 
 reigner, a public enemy. 
 HOTEL', s. A lodging-house, for the accommodation of occasional 
 
 lodgers, who are supplied with apartments, hired for the night, or 
 
 by the week. F. hotel ; L. hospes, an entertainer. 
 HUE. s. Hue and Cry, is the old common-law process of pursuing, 
 
 with horn and with voice, all felons, and such as have dangerously 
 
 wounded another. F. huer, to hoot at, or shout. 
 HU'MAN. adj. Having the qualities of a man ; relating or belonging 
 
 to mankind. L. humanus ; homo, a man. 
 HUM A'NE. adj. Charitable; merciful. F. humaine. See HUMAN. 
 HUM'BLE. adj. Low ; unassuming. F. humble : L. humilis : from 
 
 humus, the ground. 
 HU'MID. adj. Moist; watery. L. humidus : humus, the ground. 
 HUMILTTY. s. Humbleness; freedom from arrogance. F. humility : 
 
 L. humilkas. See HUMBLE. 
 HU'MOUR. s. Bodily moisture; temper of mind; a sort of wit. L. 
 
 humor. See HUMID. 
 HY'DRA. s. A monstrous water-serpent, with many heads, said to 
 
 have been slain by Hercules ; a complicated mischief. L. hydra : 
 
 G. hud or, v^ater. 
 HY'DRANT. s. A pipe, with a turncock attached, from which water 
 
 issues for the convenience of the public, or of a private family. G. 
 
 hudor, water. 
 HYDRAUL'ICS. s. The art of conveying water through pipes. G. 
 
 hudor, water, and aulos, a pipe. 
 HYDROCETHALOUS. s. A dropsy in the head. L. pydrocephalos : 
 
 G. hudor, water, and kephale, the head. 
 HY'DROFUGE. s. A preservative against moisture. G. hudor, water, 
 
 and/ug-o, to drive away. 
 HY'DROGEN. s. One of the constituent parts of water. G. hudor^ 
 
 water, and gennao, to generate. 
 
 126 
 
HYD-HYP 
 
 HYDROG'RAPHY. s. The art and practice of measuring 1 and de- 
 scribing the sea, lakes, rivers, and other waters. G. hudor, water, 
 and grapho, to write. 
 
 HYDROM'ETER. s. An instrument for ascertaining the weight of 
 liquids. G. hudor, water, and metreo, to measure. 
 
 HYDRONAM'ICS. s. Laws relating to the motion of water. 
 
 HYDROPHO'BIA. s. Canine madness; the most striking evidence 
 of which is a dread of water. L. hydrophobia : G. hudrophobia : hu- 
 dor, water, and phobos, dread. 
 
 HYDROPIC, adj. Dropsical. L. hydropicus : G. hudrops, the dropsy : 
 hudor, water, and ops, an appearance. 
 
 HYDROSTATICS, s. The science of the weight and pressure of 
 water. G. hudor, water, and statos, part, of istemi, to stand or sus- 
 tain. 
 
 HYGROM'ETER. s. An instrument for denoting the humidity of the 
 atmosphere. G. hugros, moist, and metreo, to measure. 
 
 HY'GROSCOPE. s. An hygrometer. G. hugros, moist, and skopeo, 
 to view. 
 
 HYGROSTATTCS. s. The science which ascertains degrees of mois- 
 ture. G. hugros, moist, and statos, part, of istemi, to stand or sustain. 
 
 HYMENE'AL. adj. Relating to marriage. L. Hymen, the god of 
 marriage. 
 
 HYMN. s. A song of praise ; a divine song. F. hymne : G. humnos, 
 a song of praise. 
 
 HYMNOL'OGY. s. A collection of hymns. G. humnos, a song of 
 praise, and logos, a word. 
 
 HYPERBOLA, s. A term in mathematics. G. huper, over, and ballo, 
 to throw. 
 
 HYPER'BOLE. s. A rhetorical figure, by which any thing is in- 
 creased or diminished beyond the truth. L. hyperbole : G. huperbole : 
 com p. of huper, over, and ballo, to throw. 
 
 HYPERBO'REAN. adj. Northern. L. hyperboreus : G. huper, be- 
 yond, and Boreas, the north. 
 
 HYPERCRITICAL, adj. Captiously exact as a critic ; critical be- 
 3^ond use. G. huper, above, and critical. See CRITIC. 
 
 HY'PHEN. s. A mark (-)'used to join words, and parts of words. G. 
 huphen, together. 
 
 HYPOCHON'DRIAC. adj. Melancholy; disordered in the imagina- 
 tion ; a state in which a person is bound down, as by some animal 
 cord. E. hxjpochondriaque : G. hupo, under, and chondros, a cartilage. 
 
 HYPOCRISY, s. Dissimulation, with regard to moral or religious 
 sentiments. G. hupokrisis : hupo, under, and krisis, a judgment, or 
 opinion : meaning an appearance under a mask. 
 
 HYPOGAS'TRIC. adj. Seated in the lower part of the belly. F. hy- 
 pogastrique : G. hupo, under, and gaster, the belly. 
 
 HYPOTENUSE, s. The longest side of a right-angled triangle. G. 
 hupotenousa ; comp. of hupo, under, and teino, to stretch out. 
 
 HYPOTHECATE, v. To deposite as a pledge. L. hypotheca, a 
 
 pledge : G. hupo, from, and theke, a place of deposite, 
 HYPOTHESIS, s. A supposition ; or a proposition or principle which 
 is supposed or taken for granted. L. hypothesis: G. hupothesis ; 
 hupo, before, and thesis, a position. 
 
 127 
 
HYP— IGN 
 
 HYPOTHETIC, or HYPOTHETICAL, adj. Including a supposi- 
 tion ; conditional. See HYPOTHESIS. 
 
 HYSTERIC, or HYSTERICAL, adj. Subject to a species of fits. 
 G. husierikos : hustera, the womb ; from which region, the cause of 
 this female weakness is supposed to issue. 
 
 I. 
 
 IAM'BUS. s. A poetical foot, consisting of a short syllable followed by 
 a long one. L. iambus : G. iambos ; from iambizo, to rail or revile ; 
 the iambic measure having been originally used only in satire. 
 
 ICH'OR. s. A thin, watery humour. G. ichor, raw or immature blood. 
 
 ICHTHYOL'OGY. s. The science of the nature of fishes. G. ichthu- 
 ologia ; comp. of ichthus, a fi>h, and logos, a description. 
 
 ICH THY'OPHAGY.s. Diet offish. G.ichtus, a fish, and ph a go, to eat. 
 
 ICON'OCLAST. s. An image-breaker ; a term applied to a sect of the 
 early Christians, who considered the worship of images in the Ro- 
 man Catholic churches as idolatry. G. eikon, an image, and klao, 
 to break. 
 
 ICONOG'RAPHY. s. A history or description of images. G. eikon t 
 an image, and grapho, to write. 
 
 ICTER'ICAL. adj. Afflicted with jaundice. L. ictericus : G. ikteros, 
 the jaundice. 
 
 IDEA, s. A mental conception. G. idea ; from eido, to see; that is, 
 in the mind. 
 
 IDEN'TITY. s. Sameness. L. identitas : idem, the same. 
 
 IDES. s. A term in the Roman kalendar, denoting the 13th day of 
 each month, except of March, May, July, and October, in which it 
 relates to the 15th. L. idus. The ides were generally about the 
 middle of the month ; and therefore we may derive the word from 
 iduare, an obsolete verb, signifying to divide. Kennett's Rom. Ant. 
 107. 
 
 IDIOM, s. A mode of speech peculiar to a language. G. idioma; 
 from idios, peculiar. 
 
 IDIOT, s. One born a fool. L. idiota, an illiterate, simple person; a 
 private man, not in office : G. idios, private. 
 
 I'DOL. s. An image worshipped as God ; one loved or honoured almost 
 to adoration. L. idolmn : G. eidolon, an image : from eido, to see. 
 
 IGNEOUS, adj. Containing fire. L. igneus : ignis, fire. 
 
 IGNIF'LUOUS. adj. Flowing with fire. L. ignijluus : ignis, fire, 
 undfluo, to flow. 
 
 IGNIPOTENT. s. Presiding over fire. L. ignipotens : ignis, fire, 
 and potens, able. 
 
 IG'NIS-FAT'UUS. s. A meteor arising from marshes or stagnant 
 waters ; will-o-the-wisp. L. ignis, fire, and fatuus, foolish or flashy. 
 
 IGNI'TE. v. To kindle. L. ignis, fire. 
 
 IGNIV'0?flOUS. adj. Vomiting fire. L. ignis, fire, and vomo, to vomit. 
 
 IGNOMINIOUS, adj. Disgraceful. L. ignominiosvs ; from ignomi- 
 nia, properly a mark of disgrace prefixed to a man's name by the 
 Roman censors : ignavus, slothful or cowardly, and nomen, a name. 
 
 IGNORA'MUS. s. Signifies "we are ignorant of it;'- "we do not 
 
 128 
 
IGN— IMM 
 
 a verdict of acquittal given by a grand jury. 
 L. ignoro, to be ignorant. 
 
 IG'NORANT. adj. Wanting knowledge; untauglit. F. ignorant : L. 
 ignorons, part, of ignoro, not to know : in, not, and gnarus, skilful, 
 
 IGNORE, v. To quash a bill of indictment, by writing on it the word 
 ignoramus. See IGNORAMUS. 
 
 ILLATIVE, adj. Relating to inference or conclusion. L. Hiatus, p. 
 part, of infer o ; comp.- of in, into, and few, to bring. 
 
 ILLAU'DIBLE, adj. Not deserving praise or approbation. L. illau- 
 dabilis ; comp. of in, not, and laudabilis, praiseworthy: laudo, to 
 praise. 
 
 ILLE'GAL. adj. Not lawful. L. in, not, and legal. 
 
 ILLE'GIBLE. adj. Impossible to be read. L. in, not, and legible. 
 
 ILLEGITIMATE, adj. Irregular ; not born in wedlock. L. in, not, 
 and legitimate. 
 
 ILLIB'ERAL. adj. Not liberal; not generous; sparing. L. illibe. 
 ralis : in, not, and liberalis, genteel, liberal : liber, free. 
 
 ILLICIT, adj. Unlawful. L. illicitus ; from in, not, and liceo, to be 
 lawful. 
 
 ILLIT'ERATE. adj. Unlearned ; untaught. L. illiteratus ; comp. of 
 in, without, and litera, letters. 
 
 ILLU'MINATE. v. To enlighten ; to adorn with lights. L. illumino : 
 in, into, and lumen, light. 
 
 ILLU'DE. v. To deceive, or mock. L. illudo : in, against, and ludo, 
 to sport. 
 
 ILLU'SION. s. Deception ; error. L. illusio. See ILLUDE. 
 
 ILLUS'TRATE. v. To explain. L. illustro : in, concerning, and 
 lustro, to purify ; that is, to free from obscurity. 
 
 ILLUS'TRIOUS. adj. Conspicuously eminent for good qualities ; no- 
 ble. L. illustris, bright. 
 
 IM'AGE. s. A corporeal representation ; a statue ; a picture ; sem- 
 blance ; appearance. L. imago ; from imitor, to imitate. 
 
 IMA'GINE. v. To fancy ; to paint in the mind ; to contrive. L. ima- 
 ginor. See IMAGE. 
 
 IM'BECILE. adj. Weak ; ineffectual. L. imbecillis, weak. 
 
 IMBI'BE. v. To draw in; to absorb; to acquire. L. imbibo ; comp. 
 of in, into, and bibo, to drink. 
 
 IM'BRICATED. adj. Indented with cavities ; hollowed like a gutter- 
 tile. L. imbricis, gen. of imbrex, a small canal or gutter to carry 
 off rain : imber, a shower of rain. 
 
 IMBUE', v. To tincture deeply ; to furnish completely. L. imbuo, to 
 dye, or soak. 
 
 IMMACULATE, adj. Spotless ; pure ; without a moral blemish. L. 
 immaculatus : from in, without, and macula, a spot. 
 
 IMMAS'CULATE. v. To deprive of virility. L. in, not, and mas, a 
 male. 
 
 IMMATU'RE. adj. Unripe; unfinished; hasty. L. in, not, and ma- 
 ture. 
 
 IMME'DIATE. aaj. Without any cause or event intervening; proxi- 
 mate ; instant. L. in, not, and medius, a middle. 
 
 IMME?vIO'RlAL. adj. Beyond human remembrance, or tradition. L. 
 in, not, or without, and memorial. 
 
 129 
 
IMM— IMP 
 
 IMMENSE', adj. Unlimited ; huge. L. immensus : in, not, and men- 
 sus, (part, of metior,) measured. 
 
 IMMERGE'. v. To immerse. L. immergo : in, within, and mergo, to 
 plunge. 
 
 IMMERSE', v. To din; to engage deeply. L. immersum, sup. of 
 immergo. See IMMERGE. 
 
 IM'MIGRATE. v. To migrate into; to enter as an emigrant. L. 
 immigro: in, into, and migro, to shift the habitation. 
 
 IM'MINENT. adj. Impending ; threatening. L. imminens : in, upon, 
 and minor, to threaten. 
 
 IMMISCIBLE, adj. Not capable of being mingled. L. in, not, and 
 miscible. 
 
 IMMOBILITY, s. Immovableness ; resistance to motion. F. immo- 
 bility : L. in, without, and mobilitas, mobility, or activity ; jnoveo, to 
 move. 
 
 IM'MOLATE. v. To sacrifice. L. immolo ; comp. of in, upon, and 
 mola, meal or flour, which was anciently mixed with salt, and sprin- 
 kled upon the head of the beast at the time of the sacrifice. 
 
 IMMOR'AL. adj. Against the laws of natural religion ; dishonest; 
 L. in, not, and moral. 
 
 IMMORTAL, adj. Exempt from death; everlasting. L. in, not, and 
 mortal. 
 
 IMMU'NITY. s. Privilege ; exemption. F. immunite : L. immunitas : 
 in, without, mnnus, a gift, charge, or duty. 
 
 IMMURE, v. To imprison. L. in, within, and murus, a wall. 
 
 IMMUTABLE, adj. Unchangeable; unalterable. L. in, not, and 
 mutable. 
 
 I?*IPA'LE. v. To enclose with stakes ; to put to death, by fixing upon 
 a stake. F. empaler : en, in or upon, and L. palus, a stake. 
 
 IMPAL'PABLE. adj. Imperceptible by touch. L. in, not, and pal- 
 pable. 
 
 IMPARTIAL, adj. Free from regard to party; just. L. in, not, and 
 partial. 
 
 IMPEACH', v. To accuse ; to accuse by public authority. F. empe- 
 cher, to hinder; because, the accused is supposed to be arrested, or 
 obstructed in his usual employments and rights. 
 
 IMPECCABLE, adj. Exempt from possibility of sin. L. in, not, and 
 pecco, to sin. 
 
 IMPEDE, v. To delay ; to obstruct. L. impedio ; from in, against, 
 and pedes, (pi. of pes,) the feet. 
 
 IMPEL', v. To drive on towards a point; to urge forward. ~L.impello: 
 in, upon, and pello, to drive. 
 
 IMPEND', v. To hang over, as if threatening. L. impendeo : in, 
 upon, and pendeo, to hang. 
 
 IMPENITENT, adj. Unrepenting; obdurate. L. in, not, and penitent. 
 
 IMPEN'NOUS. adj. Without wings. L. in, without, penna, a quill, 
 or wing. 
 
 IMPER'ATIVE. adj. Commanding; absolutely required. L. impera- 
 tivus : irnpero, to command. 
 
 IMPE'RIAL. adj. Relating to empire, or to an empire, in the same 
 manner as regal, or royal, relates to a kingdom. L. imperialis : irn- 
 pero, to rule. 
 
 130 
 
IMP— IMP 
 
 IMPE'RIOUS. adj. Arrogant ; powerful. L. imperiosus ; from xm- 
 pero, to rule or command. 
 
 IMPE'RIUM IN IMP E' RIO. One government within, or subject 
 to, another; exemplified in the relation which the several states of 
 America bear to the federal government. L. imperium, a govern- 
 ment, in, witliin, imperio, a government. 
 
 IMPERTINENT, adj. Of no relation to the matter in debate; intru- 
 sive. L. in, not, and pertinent. 
 
 IMPER'VIOUS. adj. Impenetrable. L. impervius ; com p. of in, with- 
 out, and pervium, a passage : per, through, and via, a way. 
 
 IMPETUOUS, adj. Violent; passionate. F. impetueux. See IM- 
 PETUS. 
 
 IM'PETUS. s. Violent tendency to any point; violent effort. L. im- 
 petus, natural desire or instinct: impeto, to invade; in, into, and 
 peto, to urge, to rush. 
 
 IMPINGE', v. To strike or fall against. L. impingo ; from in, against, 
 and pango, to strike. 
 
 IMPIOUS, adj. Irreligious; wicked, L. impius ; in, not, and pius, 
 religious, or just. 
 
 IMPLACABLE, adj. Not to be appeased. L. implacabilis ; in, not, 
 and placo, to appease. 
 
 IM'PLEMENT. s. Something that supplies a want; a utensil ; a tool. 
 L. implernentum ; from irnpleo, to fill. 
 
 IMPLE TION. s. The act of filling, or state of being full. L. impleo, 
 to fill. 
 
 IMPLICATE, v. To entangle ; to involve. L. implico ; in, together, 
 and plico, to knit, or fold. 
 
 IMPLICIT, adj. Inferred; not expressed; resting upon another; 
 trusting without reserve or examination. L. implicitus ; p. part, of 
 implico ; in, in, and plico, to fold. 
 
 IMPLO'RE. v. To solicit in a suppliant manner. L. imploro ; in, to- 
 wards, and ploro, to weep, or cry out. 
 
 IMPLY', v. To include as a consequence or concomitant. L. implico ; 
 •in, into, and plico, to fold. 
 
 IMPLU'MOUS. adj. Without feathers. L. implumis ; in, without, 
 and pluma, a feather. 
 
 IMPORT', v. To bring from abroad ; to imply. L. imporlo ; comp. 
 of in, into, and porto, to carry. 
 
 IM'PORT. s. Tendency; meaning : pi. merchandise imported. See 
 the verb. 
 
 IMPOR'TANT. adj. Momentous ; considerable. L. importans, part, 
 of imporlo ; in, into, and porto, to carry ; meaning, to carry some- 
 thing weighty or effective. 
 
 IMPORTU'NE. v. To tease ; to solicit unceasingly. L. importunitas, 
 importunity, unreasonableness : in, towards, and porto, to carry ; 
 meming, to carry a solicitation frequently. 
 
 IMPOSE', v. To lay upon as a burthen or penalty ; to exact ; to cheat. 
 F. imposer : L. impositum, sup. of impono ; in, upon, and pono, to 
 place. 
 
 IMPOS'SIBLE. adj. Impracticable. L. in, not, and possible. 
 
 IM'POST. s. A tax. F. impost : L. impositus. See IMPOSE. 
 
 131 
 
IMP— INC 
 
 IM'POTENT. adj. Powerless ; weak. L. Impotens ; in, not, and po- 
 
 tens, (part, of possum,) able. 
 IMPOUND', v. To put into a pound, or place for receiving - cattle that 
 
 have strayed, or been stolen. L. in, into, and pono, to place. 
 IMPRECATE, v. To pray for evil. L. imprecor ; in, against, and 
 
 precor, to pray. 
 IMPREGNABLE, adj. Not to be entered, or subdued. F. imprenable, 
 
 (formerly impregnable ;) L. in, not, and prcegno, lo fill. 
 IMPREG'NATE. v. To saturate ; to make pregnant. L. in, into, and 
 
 pr&gno, to fill. 
 IMPRESS', v. To imprint; to constrain. L. impressum, sup. of i?n- 
 
 primo ; comp. of in, into, and premo, to press. 
 IMPRIMA'TUR. A term used to give permission to print, in countries 
 
 where the press is not free, but subject to a censor. L. imprimatur, 
 
 " let it be printed :" imprimo, to print. 
 IMPRINT', v. To mark by pressure. See PRINT. 
 IMPROMPTTJ. A witticism, produced without preparation. L. im- 
 promptu, in readiness. 
 IMPUDENT, adj. Immodest; intrusive. L. impudens ; in, without, 
 
 and pudor, shame. 
 IMPUGN', v. To attack ; to oppose. L. impugno ; in, against, and 
 
 pvgno, to fight. 
 IMPULSE, s. Communicated force ; motive. L. impulsus, p. part. 
 
 of impello ; in, against, and pello, to drive. 
 IMPUNITY, s. Freedom from punishment. F. impunite : L. impu- 
 
 nitas ; in, not, and punio, to punish. 
 IMPUTE, v. To attribute. L. imputo ; comp. of in, concerning, and 
 
 puto, to suppose. 
 INACCESSIBLE, adj. Not accessible ; not to be reached. L. in, not, 
 
 and accessible. 
 INACCURATE, adj. Not accurate ; incorrect. L. in, not, and accu- 
 rate. 
 INADVER'TENCE. s. Carelessness ; inattention. L. in, not, and ad- 
 
 vertens, part, of adverio, to turn to: ad, towards, and verto, to turn. 
 INALIENABLE, adj. Not to be granted or given away to another. 
 
 L. in, not, and alienable. See ALIENATE. 
 INANIMATE, adj. Without life; dull. L. inanimatus ; from in y 
 
 without, and anima, breath, or souL 
 INANITY, s. Emptiness; void space, h.inanitas; inanis, empty. 
 INAUDIBLE, adj. Not possible to be heard. L. in, not, and audible. 
 INAU'GURATE. v. To invest with a new office, by solemn rites. L. 
 
 inauguro ; comp. of in, into, and augur, a soothsayer; alluding to 
 
 the ancient ceremony of consulting omens, as to the future success 
 
 of the person invested. 
 INCANTA'TION. s. Charms uttered by singing; pretended enchant- 
 ment. F '. incantation : L. incanto, to enchant; in, into, and canto, 
 
 to repeat often the same thing : cano, to sing. 
 INCAR'CER ATE. v. To imprison. L. incarcero ; from in, into, and 
 
 career, a prison. 
 INCARNATE, adj. Embodied with flesh. L. incarnatus, p. part, of 
 
 incarno, to embody with flesh : in, into, and carnem, accus. of caro, 
 
 flesh. 
 
 132 
 
INC— INC 
 
 INC ARNA'TIQN. s. The assumption of body. F. incarnation. See 
 
 INCARNATE. 
 INCEN'DIARY. s. One who burns any thing maliciously ; a conspi- 
 rator. L. incendiarius ; incendo, to set on fire. 
 IN'CENSE. s. Perfume exhaled by fire, in honour of a deity ; flattery. 
 
 L. incensutn ; incendo, to set on fire. 
 INCENSE', v. To enrage, to provoke. L. incensum, sup. of incendo, 
 
 to set on fire. 
 INCEN'TIVE. s. Provocation ; incitement. L. incentivutn ; from in. 
 
 cendo. See INCENSE'. 
 INCEP'TIVE. adj. Noting a beginning. L. inceptivus ; from incipio. 
 
 See INCIPIENT. 
 INCESSANT, adj. Unceasing. L. in, not, and cessans, part, of cesso, 
 
 to cease. 
 IN'CEST. s. Criminal connexion of persons within prohibited degrees 
 
 of consanguinity. L. incestum ; in, not, and castus, chaste, or pure. 
 INCHOATE, adj. In an incipient state; just, begun; imperfect. L. 
 
 inckoatus, p. pirt. o? inch 00 ; comp. of in, not, and coquo, to boil. 
 IN'CIDENT. adj. Casual ; fortuitous ; apt to happen. L. incidens, 
 
 part, of incido ; in, into, and cado, to fall. 
 INCINERATE, v. To burn to ashes. L. in, into, and cineres, 
 
 ashes. 
 INCIPTENT. adj. State of commencement; proceeding after a be- 
 
 ginning; early; immature. L. incipiens, part, of incipio ; in, into, 
 
 and capio, to take. 
 INCISION, s. Act of cutting into ; a cut. L. incisio ; incisus, p. part. 
 
 of incido ; in, into, and caido, to cut. 
 INCI'TE. ». To urge on. ~L.incito; in, to, and citum, sup. of cieo, to 
 
 move. 
 INCLEMENT, adj. Unmerciful ; severe. L. in, not, and clemens, 
 
 merciful. 
 INCLI'NE. v. To bend, or lean ; to be favourable. L. inclino ; in, to- 
 wards, and clino, to bend. G. klino. 
 INCLUDE, v. To comprise. L. includo; in, in, and claudo, to shut. 
 INCLUSIVE, adj. Comprised. F. inclusif : L. inclusus, p. part, of 
 
 includo. See INCLUDE. 
 INCOG' NIT A. Unknown ; applied to a single thing of the feminine 
 
 gender, — as, terra incognita, the unknown country : the fair incog. 
 
 nita, or unknown female : or to several things of the neuter gender. 
 
 L. incognitas ; in, not, and cognosco, to know. 
 INCOG' NITO. A term, abbr. incog., which denotes a concealment 
 
 of the proper person or rank, when travelling, or in any public place 
 
 of amusement. See INCOGNITA. 
 INCOHERENT, adj. Unconnected; inconsistent. L. in, not, and 
 
 coherent. 
 INCOMMO'DE. v. To inconvenience. L. incommodo ; in, not, and 
 
 commodo, to help. 
 INCOMPATIBLE, adj. Inconsistent. L. in, not, and compatible. 
 INCONTINENT, adj. Variable ; inconstant ; unchaste. L. in, not, 
 
 and continent. 
 INCORPORATE, v. To unite ; to form into a corporation. L. in, 
 
 into, and corporate. 
 
 m 133 
 
INC— IND 
 
 INCORPO'REAL. adj. Not corporeal ; spiritual. L. in, not, and cor- 
 poreal. 
 
 INCORRIGIBLE, adj. Bad beyond amendment. L. in, not, and cor- 
 rigible. 
 
 IN'CREMENT. s. Increase; produce. L. incrementum ; from in- 
 cresco, to increase. 
 
 INCUBA'TION. s. Hatching - . L. incubatio ; incubo, to lie or sit on : 
 in, upon, and cumbo, to lie down. 
 
 INCUBUS, s. The night-mare ; an inflation of the members of the 
 stomach, which causes the sensation of a weight, oppressing the 
 breast. L. from incurnbo, to lie upon. 
 
 INCUL'OATE. v. To impress on the mind, by frequent repetitions. 
 L. inculco ; in, into, and calco, to tread : calx, the heel. 
 
 INCUL'PATE. v. To charge with a fault; to criminate. L. in, upon, 
 and culpa, a fault. 
 
 INCUM'BENT. adj. Lying on; imposed as a duty. L. incumbens, 
 part, of incurnbo. See INCUMBER. 
 
 INCUM'BENT. s. One who is in the enjoyment of an office. See the 
 adjective. 
 
 INCUM BER. r. To oppress ; to inconvenience. , F. encombrer : L. 
 incurnbo, to lean upon : in, upon, and cumbo, to lie down. 
 
 INCUR', v. To become liable to ; to cause. L. incur ro ; in, into, and 
 curro, to run. 
 
 INCUR'SION. s. Hasty and sudden invasion ; inroad. L. incursio ; 
 comp. of in, into, and cursum, sup. of curro, to run. 
 
 INDECOROUS, adj. Indecent ; unbecoming. L. in, not, and de- 
 corous, 
 
 INDEFATIGABLE, adj. Not to be wearied. L. indefatigabilis ; in, 
 not, and defatigo, to weary. 
 
 INDEFEIS'IBLE. adj. Not to be annulled ; irrevocable. F. indefai- 
 sible ; in, signifying, not, and defaire, to undo. 
 
 INDEFINITE, adj. Unlimited; undetermined. L. in, not, and de- 
 finite. 
 
 INDELIBLE, adj. Not to be blotted out or effaced ; never to be for- 
 gotten. L. indelibilis ; in, not, and deleo, to blot out. 
 
 INDEM'NIFY. v. To secure against loss. L. in, not, and an obsolete 
 English word, damnify ; damnum, hurt, loss. 
 
 INDENT, v. To mark or cut in the form of a row of teeth. L. in, 
 after the manner of, and dentes, (pi. of dens,) teeth. 
 
 INDENTURE, s. A written document, of which there is at least one 
 counterpart: from indent; because, the several writings, placed one 
 upon another, were formerly indented, with a knife; so that, when, 
 at any future time, laid together again, a forgery could be detected, 
 if there appeared any disagreement in the parts indented. 
 
 IN'DEX. s. A discoverer; a pointer; table of contents. L. index ; 
 indictus,p. part, of indico. See INDICATE. 
 
 INTRICATE, v. To show. L. indico; in, concerning, and dico, to 
 say. 
 
 INDICATIVE, adj. Showing; simply affirming, as, " I love." L. 
 indicalivus. See INDICATE. 
 
 IN' DICES, s. Algebraic quantities. L. indices, pi. of index. See 
 INDEX. 
 
 134 
 
IND— INE 
 
 INDICT'MENT. s. (Pronounced indilement.) A written accusation, 
 preferred to, and presented on oath by, a grand jury. L. in, against, 
 and dico, to say. 
 
 INDIGENOUS, adj. Originally produced in a country ; not exotic. 
 L. indigena, a native : G. endon, within, and gennao, to produce. 
 
 IN'DIGENT. adj. Needy; poor. L. indigens, part, of indigeo, to be 
 needy. 
 
 INDIGNA'TION. s. A sentiment of anger, awakened by the atrocious 
 or unworthy conduct of another. L. indignatio ; from indignor, to 
 think unworthy. 
 
 INDISPENSABLE, adj. Not to be spared ; essentially necessary. L. 
 in, not, and dispensable. See DISPENSE. 
 
 INDIVID'UAL. adj. Separate from others of the same kind ; single. 
 L. individuus ; in, not, and divido, to divide; meaning, one that 
 cannot be subdivided. 
 
 INDIVISIBLE, adj. Not possible to be divided. L. in, not, and divi- 
 sible. 
 
 IN'DOLENT. adj. Careless ; lazy. L, in, not, and dolens, part, of 
 doleo, to feel or fret. 
 
 INDU'BITABLE. adj. Unquestionable ; certain. L. indvbitabilis ; 
 comp. of in, not, and dubium, a doubt. 
 
 INDU'CE. v. To persuade; to influence; to cause. L. induco ; in, 
 towards, and duco, to lead. 
 
 INDUCTION, s. A term in logic, expressing a mode of argument 
 more tedious than a syllogism ; by which, from several particular 
 propositions, we infer one general proposition. It is used also to de- 
 note the giving corporal possession of a church, to a new minister. 
 L. induclio ; from in, into, and ductus, p. part, of duco, to lead. 
 
 INDUE', v. To invest ; to furnish. L induo, to put on, or cover over. 
 
 INDULGE', v. To be favourable to; to encourage by compliance; to 
 gratify with concession; to fondle. L. indulgeo ; comp. of in, to- 
 wards, and dulcis, sweet. 
 
 INDURATE, v. To harden. L. induro ; from in, into, and durus, 
 hard. 
 
 INEB'RIATE. v. To intoxicate ; to make drunk. L. inebrio ; in, 
 into, and ebrius, soaked, drenched, drunk. 
 
 INEBRIATION, s. Intoxication. L. in, in, and ebrieias, drunken- 
 ness. 
 
 INEF'FABLE. adj. Unspeakable ; unutterable. F. ineffable : L. in. 
 effabilis ; in, not, ad, with regard to, and for, to speak. 
 
 INEPT', adj. Trifling ; foolish ; useless. L. ineptus ; in, not, and 
 aptus, fit. 
 
 INERT', adj. Inactive ; sluggish ; motionless. L. iners ; in, without, 
 and ars, power, or art. 
 
 INES'TIMABLE. adj. Invaluable. L. inestimabilis ; in, not, and 
 tsstimo, to value. 
 
 INEVITABLE, adj. Unavoidable ; certain. L. ineviiabilis ; in, not, 
 and evito, to shun. 
 
 INEX'ORABLE. adj. Not to be entreated ; inflexible. L. inexorabilis ; 
 in, not, ex, from, and orari, (infin. oforor,) to be entreated. 
 
 INEX'PLICABLE. adj. Incapable of being explained. L. inexplica- 
 hilis / in, not, and explico, to unfold. 
 
 135 
 
INE— INF 
 
 IN EXTEN'SO. At large ; without any curtailment or abridg- 
 ment. L. 
 INFAL'LIBLE. adj. Free from the possibility of error ; certain. L. 
 
 in, not, and fallible. 
 IN'FAMOUS. adj. Publicly branded with guilt. L. infamis ; in, with- 
 out, and/a?rca, reputation. 
 IN'FANT. s. A young child ; in law, a minor. L. infans, without 
 
 speech : in, not, and for, to speak. 
 IN'FANT. adj. In a state of commencement. See the noun. 
 INFANTICIDE, s. The murder of a child. L. infanticidium ; comp. 
 
 of infans, a child, and ccedo, to kill. 
 IN'FANTRY. s. Foot soldiers. F. infanterie ; enfant, an infant, mean- 
 
 ing, that those soldiers are small, in comparison with cavalry. 
 INFAT'UATE. v. To strike with folly ; to deprive of understanding. 
 
 L. infatuo ; in, into, wci&fatuus, silly, 
 INFECT', v. To taint ; to pollute. L. infectum, sup. of injicio, to 
 
 stain : in, into, and facio, to make. 
 INFER', v. To deduce. L. infero ; from in, into, and fero, to bring. 
 INFE'RIOR. adj. Lower in place ; subordinate. L. inferior, lower : 
 
 positive, infra, beneath ; comp. inferior, lower ; sup. infimus, lowest. 
 INFER'NAL. adj. Relating to hell ; atrocious. L. infernus ; infra, 
 
 below. 
 INFEST', v. To disturb ; to vex ; to harass. L. infeslo ; in, not, and 
 
 festus, joyous or happy. 
 IN'FIDEL. s. An unbeliever in regard to religious tenets. L. infidelis ; 
 
 in, without, fides, faith, or belief. 
 INFINITE, adj. Unlimited ; very large. L. infinitus ; in, not, and 
 
 finis, an end. 
 INFIRM', adj. Tottering; weak. L. in, not, and firm. 
 INFLA'ME. v. To kindle ; to provoke. L. infiammo ; in, into, and 
 
 flamrna, a flame. 
 INFLA'TE. v. To swell with wind ; to fill with the breath ; to make 
 
 turbid. L. infiatum, sup. of inflo ; from in, into, and fio, to blow. 
 INFLECTION, or INFLEXION, s. The act of bending ; variation 
 
 of a noun or verb. L. infiectio, or injlexio ; from infiecto ; in, in, or 
 
 towards, -dndfiecto, to bend. 
 INFLEXIBLE, adj. Not possible to be bent, or prevailed on. L. in- 
 
 fiexibilis ; in, not, and flecto, to bend. 
 INFLICT', v. To impose as a punishment. L. infiictum, sup. of in- 
 
 fiigo ; in, upon, and fligo, to beat, 
 IN'FLUENCE. s. Power of effecting. L. influens, part, of infiuo ; 
 
 comp. of in, into, or against, and^ito, to flow, or proceed. 
 IN'FLUX. s. Act of flowing into. L. infiuxus, part, of infiuo ; in, 
 
 into, and^wo, to flow. 
 INFO'LIATE. v. To cover with a resemblance of leaves. L. in, upon, 
 
 folium, a leaf. 
 INFORM', v. To communicate what has lately happened; to instruct. 
 
 L. informo ; in, into, and formo, to frame : forma, a shape. 
 IN FORMA PAUPERIS. In the form of a poor man; a law 
 
 phrase, to denote a certain exemption, granted, in the English courts, 
 
 to those who cannot afford the expense of a lawsuit. L. in, in, 
 
 forma, the form, pauperis, (gen. of pauper.) of a poor man. 
 
 136 
 
1NF-INN' 
 
 IN FORO CONSCIEN' TIM. " In a court of conscience j" with a 
 
 clear conscience. L. 
 INFRACTION, s. Breach. L. inf radio ; in, into, and fractus, p. part. 
 
 of frango, to break. 
 INFRANGIBLE, adj. Not possible to be broken. L. in, not, and 
 
 frangible. 
 INFRINGE', v. To violate. L. infringo ; from in, into, and frango, 
 
 to break, 
 INFURIATE, v. To enrage. L. in, into, and furia, a fury or fiend. 
 INFUSE, v. To pour into ; to extract without boiling. F. infuser : 
 
 L. infusum, sup. of inf undo ; from in, into, and fundo, to pour. 
 INGENIOUS, adj. Having genius ; inventive. L. ingeniosus : inge- 
 
 nium, capacity, wit : in, in, and gigno, or ge.no, to beget. G. gennao. 
 INGENUOUS, adj. Candid ; generous. L. ingenuus, free-born ; of 
 
 good extraction ; honest. See INGENIOUS. 
 INGRA'TIATE. v. To recommend to kindness. L. in, into, and 
 
 gratia, affection, or favour. 
 IN'GRESS. s. Entrance. L. ingressus : in, into, and gressus, part. 
 
 of gradior, to step. 
 INGUINAL, adj. Relating to the groin. L. inguinis, gen. of inguen, 
 
 the groin. 
 INHABIT, v. To dwell in permanently. L. in, in, and habito, to 
 
 dwell : habeo, to have, hold, or occupy. 
 INHA'LE. v. To draw in [to the lungs.] L. inhalo ; comp. of in, into, 
 
 and halo, to breathe. 
 INHERENT, adj. Naturally conjoined ; innate. L. inhcerens, part. 
 
 ofinhcereo : in, in, and hcereo, to stick. 
 INHERIT, v. To receive or possess by inheritance. F. inheriter. 
 
 See HEIR. 
 INHIBIT, v. To retrain; to prohibit. L. inhibeo : in, against, and 
 
 habeo, to have or hold ; meaning, some obstruction. 
 INHUME, v. To bury. L. inhumo ; from in, into, and humus, the 
 
 -ground. 
 INIMTCAL. adj. Hostile. L. inimicus : in, not, and amicus, a. friend. 
 INI'QUITY. s. High degree of injustice; crime. F. iniquit6 : L. in. 
 
 iquitas : iniquus, unequal: in, not, and (Bquus, equal. 
 INI'TIAL. adj. At the beginning. L. inilialis : initium, a beginning ; 
 
 in, into, and it.io, a going: itum, sup. of eo, to go. 
 INI'TIATE. v. To enter; to introduce. L. initio. See INITIAL. 
 INJECT', v. To throw in. L. injectum, sup. of injicio : in, into, and 
 
 jacio, to tbrow. 
 INJUDI'CIOUS. adj. Unwisely judged, or designed. L. in, not, and 
 
 judicious. 
 INJUNCTION, s. Act of enjoining; command or rule, associated 
 
 with some business or duty. L. injunctio: injunctus, p. part, ofira- 
 
 jungo: in, with, andjunoo, to join. 
 INJURE, v. To hurt unjustly ; to damage. L. injuria : in, against, 
 
 and juris, gen. of jus, right. 
 IN LIM'INE. At the threshold ; inceptively ; at the commencement. 
 
 L. in, in, limine, abl. of limen, the threshold of a door. 
 INNATE, adj. Born with ; inherent. L. innalus, part, of innascor : 
 
 in, and nascor, to be born. 
 
 m * 137 
 
INN— INS 
 
 IN'NOCENT. adj. Guiltless; innocuous. L. innocens ; from in, noi, 
 
 and nocens, part, of noceo, to hurt 
 INNOCUOUS, adj. Harmless in effect. L. innocuus : in, not, and 
 noceo, to hurt. 
 
 INNOVATE, v. To introduce something new or uncommon, (which 
 is thought inconvenient or dangerous.) L. innovo ; from in, into, 
 and novas, new. 
 
 INNOXIOUS, adj. Free from mischievous effects, or from crimes. 
 L. innoxius : in, not, and noceo, to hurt. 
 
 INNUEN'DO. s. Oblique hint. L. innuendo, by nodding ; abl. gerund 
 of innuo: in, towards, and nuo, to nod. 
 
 INNUMERABLE, adj. Not possible to be counted ; extremely nume- 
 rous. L. innumerabilis ; comp. of in, not, and numero, to reckon. 
 
 INOCULATE, v. To insert a bud or cutting of one plant in another; 
 to insert the virus of the small pox, or to vaccinate. L. inoculo : in, 
 into, and oculus, an eye ; meaning the eye of the bud. 
 
 INO'DOROUS. adj. Without smell; not affecting the nose. L. ino. 
 dorosus : in, without, and odos, smell. 
 
 INOR'DINATE. adj. Irregular ; disorderly. L. inordinatus : in, 
 without, and or do, a rule. 
 
 IN PRO'PRIA PERSONA. In his (or her) own person ; in per- 
 sonal attendance. L. 
 
 IN'QUEST. s. Inquiry authorized by law. F. enqueste : L. in, into, 
 and quaisitvs, p. part, of qu&ro, to seek or inquire. 
 
 INQUIRE, v. To ask a question; to search. L. inquiro: in, into, 
 and qu<zro, to seek. 
 
 INQUISITION, s. Inquest; prison, established under papal autho- 
 rity, for the examination and punishment of heretics. L. inquisitio. 
 See INQUEST. 
 
 INSA'NE. adj. Of unsound mind. L. insanus ;*comp. of in, not, and 
 sanus, healthy. 
 
 INSATIABLE, adj. Greedy, so as not to be satisfied. L. insatiabilis : 
 in, not, and satio, to satisfy. 
 
 INSA'TIATE. adj. Insatiable. L. insaliatus. See INSATIABLE. 
 
 INSCRI'BE. v. To write in, or upon, or to dedicate. L. inscribo; 
 from in, in, on, or to, and scribo, to write. 
 
 INSCRIPTION, s. Something inscribed. L. inscriptio : inscriptus, 
 p. part, of inscribo. Sae INSCRIBE. 
 
 INSCRUTABLE, adj. Unsearchable ; undiscoverable. L. inscruta- 
 bilis : in, not, and scruto, to explore. 
 
 IN'SECT. s. A small animal, having a separation in the middle of its 
 body, joined by a ligature; as in a common fly. L. insecius, cut or 
 notched : in, into, and seco, to cut. 
 
 INSERT', v. To place in, or into, or amongst. L. insertum, sup. of 
 insero : in, in, and sero, to plant. 
 
 INSIDIOUS, adj. Sly; treacherous. L. insidiosus ; from insideo ; 
 comp. of in, in or upon, and sedeo, to sit. 
 
 INSIGNIFICANT, adj. Without a meaning; unimportant; con- 
 temptible. L. in, not, and_ significant. 
 
 INSIN'UATE. v. To introduce gently ; to hint. L. insinuo ; from in, 
 into, and sinus, the bosom. 
 
 138 
 
INS-INT 
 
 INSIPID, adj. Not affecting the palate ; uninteresting, L. insipidus : 
 
 in, without, and sapor, savour. 
 INSIST', v. Not to recede from terms or assertions ; to persist in. L. 
 
 insisto : in, in, and sisto, to stand. 
 IN'SOLENT. adj. Contemptuous ; haughty. L. insolens : in, not, and 
 
 solens, part, of soleo, to be accustomed : (the derivation of this word 
 
 cannot easily be explained.) 
 INSOL'UBLE. adj. Not soluble ; not possible to be made fluid. L. in, 
 
 not, and soluble. 
 INSOL' VABLE. adj. Not solvable; inextricable. L. in, not, and 
 
 solvable. 
 INSOL'VENT. adj. Unable to pay. L. in, not, and solvent. 
 INSPECT', v. To examine. L. inspecto : in, into, and specto, to eye 
 
 carefully : spectu?n, sup. of specio, to see. 
 INSPER'SION. s. A sprinkling upon. L. inspersio : inspersus, p. 
 
 part, ofinspergo: in, upon, and spargo, to strew, or sprinkle. 
 INSPIRE, v. To breathe into; to animate. L. inspiro: in, into, and 
 
 spiro, to breathe. 
 INSPIS'SATE. v. To thicken. L. in, into, and spissus, clammy. 
 INSTALL', v. To perform a particular ceremony of admitting to an 
 
 office or dignity. F. installer : en, into, and stalle, a seat for digni- 
 fied clergymen : stalle, is from a Saxon word, denoting an enclosed 
 
 place or bench. 
 IN'STANT. s. A point of time ; adj. noting the present month. F. 
 
 instant: L. instans, part, of insto : in, in, and sto, to stand. 
 INSTAN'TER. adv. Instantly. L. See INSTANT. 
 IN STATU QUO'. In the former state ; without any change. L. in, 
 
 in, statu, abl. of status, the state, quo, abl. of qui, in which [it was.] 
 IN'STIGATE. v. To urge or incite [to a crime.] L. instigo : in, 
 
 into, and stigo, to goad. 
 INSTIL', v. To infuse by drops ; to insinuate imperceptibly. L. in- 
 
 stillo : in, into, and stillo, to drop, or trickle down. 
 INSTINCT, s. The desire or aversion which causes action without 
 
 the use of reason. L. instinctus, p. part, of instinguo : in, in, and 
 
 stinguo, to move. 
 IN'STITUTE. v. To establish, appoint, or enact. L. instituo : from 
 
 in, in, and statuo, to erect. 
 INSTRUCT', v. To teach ; to direct ; to inform. L. instructum, sup. 
 
 of instruo : in, in, and struo, to pile up, or build. 
 INSTRUMENT, s. A tool ; a machine ; a written document. L. in- 
 
 strumentum ; from instruo. See INSTRUCT. 
 IN SULAR. adj. Relating to an island. L. insularis : insula, an island. 
 IN'SULATE. v. To make like an island ; to remove all connexion. 
 
 See INSULAR. 
 INSULT', v. To treat with insolence or contempt ; scornfully to tri- 
 umph over. L. insulto : in, against, and saltus, p. part, of salio, to 
 
 leap or dance. 
 INSUPERABLE, adj. Not to be overcome ; insurmountable. L. in- 
 
 superabilis : in, not, and supero, to climb over : super, above, and eo, 
 
 to go. 
 IN'TEGER. s. A whole ; a whole number. L. integer, entire. 
 INTE'GRAL. adj. Whole; complete. F. integral. See INTEGER. 
 
 139 
 
INT-INT 
 
 INTEG'RITY. s. State of being undivided ; honesty. L. integritas. 
 See INTEGER. 
 
 IN'TELLECT. s. The understanding. L. intellectus: iruelligo, to 
 understand ; intus, within, and lego, to gather. 
 
 INTEL'LIGIBLE. adj. Possible to be understood. L. intelligibilis : 
 intelligo, to understand. 
 
 INTEND', v. To purpose; to design. L. intendo ; comp. of in, to- 
 wards, and tendo, to stretch. 
 
 INTEN'DANT. s. In France, means a superintending officer. F. in- 
 tendo nt. See INTEND. 
 
 INTENSE', adj. Denoting an extreme degree. L. intensus, p. part, 
 of intendo : in, into, and tendo, to stretch. 
 
 INTENT', adj. Anxiously attentive, or diligent. L. intentus, p. part. 
 of intendo. See INTENSE. 
 
 INTEN'TION. s. Purpose, or design. L. intentio. See INTEND. 
 
 INTER', v. To bury. F. erderrer : L. in, into, and terra, the earth. 
 
 INTERCALAR, or INTERCALARY, adj. Additional, to preserve 
 the equation of time ; as, the 29th of February, in a leap year. L. 
 intercalarius ; from intercalo, to insert. 
 
 INTERCE'DE. v. To mediate. L. intercedo, to come between. 
 
 INTERCEPT', v. To stop on the way. L. interceptum, sup. of inter- 
 cipio : inter, between, and capio, to take. 
 
 INTERCESSION, s. Mediation. L. intercessio: intercessum, sup. 
 of. intercedo. See INTERCEDE. 
 
 INTERC1PTENT. adj. Intercepting. L. intercipiens, part, of inter- 
 cipio. See INTERCEPT. 
 
 INTERCOS'TAL. adj. Between the ribs. F. intercostal : L. inter, 
 between, and costa, a rib. 
 
 IN'TERCOURSE. s. Communication; commerce. F. entrecours : L. 
 inter, between, and carro, to run. 
 
 INTERDICT', v. To restrain pendente lite; to prohibit; to forbid. 
 L. inter dictum, sup. of interdico : inter, between, and dico, to say, 
 or object. 
 
 IN'TEREST. s. Concern; regard to private profit; advantage; parti- 
 cipation ; money paid for the use of money : from inter sum, to be 
 present: comp. of inter, between, or amongst, and sum, I am. 
 
 INTERFE'RE. v. To interpose ; to come into collision. L. inter, be- 
 tween, and fero, to bring. 
 
 IN'TERIM. s. Intervening time. L. interim, in the meantime : from 
 inter, between, 
 
 INTE'RIOR. adj. Internal; inner. L. comparative of intra, within : 
 pos. intra; comp. interior ; sup. intimus. 
 
 INTERJACENT, adj. Lying between. L. interjacens, part, of inter- 
 jaceo : inter, between, and jaceo, to lie. 
 
 INTERJECTION, s. Interposition ; a word used, without premedi- 
 tation, to denote some passion or emotion of the mind. L. interjec- 
 lio : inter jectus, p. part, of inter jicio ; comp. of inter, between, and 
 jacio, to throw. 
 
 INTERLAP'SE. v. To intervene (in regard to time.) L. inter, be- 
 tween, and lapse. 
 
 INTERLI'NE. v. To write between lines. L. inter, between, and 
 line, 
 
 140 
 
INT-INT 
 
 INTERLOCUTORY, adj. Consisting of dialogue ; preparatory to a 
 
 final decision. F. interlocutoire : L. inter, between, and locutus, 
 
 part, ofloquor, to speak. 
 IN'TERLUDE. s. An intervening entertainment. L. inter, between, 
 
 and ludus, an entertainment. 
 INTERMEDIATE, adj. Intervening; interposed. F. inter mediat ; 
 
 L. inter, between, and medius, the middle. 
 INTER' MINABLE. adj. Never ending; immense. L. in, not, and 
 
 terminable. 
 INTERMIS'SION. s. Act of intermitting; pause. L. intermissio ; 
 
 inlermissus, p. part, of intermilto. See INTERMIT. 
 INTERMIT, v. To stop, but not finally. L. intermitto ; comp. of 
 
 inter, between, and miito, to send. 
 INTER'NAL. adj. Interior. L. internus ; infra, within. 
 INTERNATIONAL, adj. Relating to the reciprocal intercourse or 
 
 commerce of one nation with another. L. inter, between, and na- 
 tional. 
 INTERPOLATE, v. To insert, with an evil design. L. interpolo; 
 
 inter, between, and polio, to make smooth ; meaning, to remove, by 
 ' forgery, something which opposes our own designs. 
 INTERPOSE', v. To place between; to interfere; to mediate. L. 
 
 inter posit um, sup. of interpono ; inter, between, and pono, to place. 
 INTERPRET, v. To explain ; to translate. L. interprelor ; interpres, 
 
 an interpreter : inter, between. 
 INTERREGNUM, s. The term during which a throne is vacant. L. 
 
 interregnum ; comp. of inter, between, and regnvm, a reign. 
 INTERROGATE, v. To question ; to put questions in writing, be- 
 
 tween the commencement and conclusion of a suit in chancery. L. 
 
 interrogo ; inter, between, and rogo, to ask. 
 IN TERRO'REM. As a threat, or warning. L. in, for the purpose 
 
 of, and terror em, accus. of terror, fear. 
 INTERRUPT', v. To hinder, by interposition ; to separate. L. inter- 
 
 ruptum, sup. of interrumpo ; inter, between, and rumpo, to break. 
 INTERSECT', v. To cut, or pass between. L. intersectum, sup. of 
 
 interseco; comp. of inter, between, and seco, to cut. 
 INTERSPERSE', v. To scatter amongst. L. inter, amongst, and 
 
 sparsum, sup. of spar go, to sprinkle. 
 INTER'STICE. s. Intervening space, between matter. F. interstice : 
 
 L. interslitium ; from inter, between, and status, part, of sto, to 
 
 stand. 
 IN'TERVAL. s. Intervening space, as regards either matter or time. 
 
 L. inter vallum ; inter, between, and vallum, a wall. 
 INTERVE'NE. v. To interpose ; to elapse. L. intervenio ; from inter, 
 
 between, and venio, to come. 
 INTERVENTION, s. Interposition ; lapse of time. L. intenqntio ; 
 
 inter, between, and ventum, sup. of venio, to come. 
 INTESTATE, adj. Without having made a will. L. intestatus ; in, 
 
 without, and testatus, part, of testof, to witness. 
 INTES'TINE. adj. Internal. L. intestinus ; intus, within. 
 IN'TTMATE. adj. Familiar ; near. L. intimus, innermost. See IN- 
 TERIOR. 
 
 141 
 
INT— INV 
 
 IN'TIMATE. v. To hint ; to mention indirectly. Low L. intimo ; 
 
 intimus, very deep, or secret. 
 INTIM'IDATE. v. To make fearful. L. in, into, and timidus, fear- 
 
 ful : timor, fear. 
 INTI'RE. adj. See ENTIRE. 
 
 INTOLERABLE, adj. Insufferable. L. in, not, and tolerable. 
 INTONA'TION. s. Act of thundering-; an inward tone, peculiar to 
 
 the speech, of some nations. L. intono, to thunder. 
 IN TO' TO. Entirely ; wholly. L. in, in, and toto, abl. of lotus, whole, 
 
 or wholly. 
 INTOXICATE, v. A word which originally signified to imbue with 
 
 poison ; but now, to deprive of one's reasoning faculties, by success 
 
 or joy ; also, to make drunk. L. in, into, and toxicum, poison. 
 INTRANSITIVE, adj. A verb intransitive signifies an action, but 
 
 conveys no effect to any object; as, " I walk." L. in, not, and tran- 
 sitive. 
 IN TR AN' SITU. On the passage ; whilst passing from one place to 
 
 another. L. in, in, and transitu, abl. of transitus, a passage. 
 INTREPID, adj. Fearless; daring. L. intrepidus ; from in, not, and 
 
 trepidus, trembling, fearful. 
 IN TRICATE. adj. Perplexed ; obscure. L. intricatus ; in, in, and 
 
 tricatus, part, of tricor, to baffle. 
 INTRINSIC, adj. Inherent; independent of external relation. L. 
 
 intrinsecus ; intra, within, and se, itself. 
 INTRODU'CE. v. To conduct or usher into a place, or to a person ; 
 
 to bring into notice or practice. L. introduce* ; intra, within, and 
 
 duco, to lead. 
 INTROSPECTION, s. The act of looking- within. L. introspectus, 
 
 p. part, of introspicio : intro, within, and specio, to see. 
 INTRU'DE. v. To enter without permission or invitation ; to inter- 
 
 pose with rudeness. L. intrudo ; comp. of in, into, and trudo, to 
 
 thrust. 
 INTRUSION, s. The act of intruding. L. intrusio ; intrusum, sup. 
 
 of intrudo. See INTRUDE. 
 INTUITIVE, adj. Seen by the mind, without the agency of testi- 
 mony or argument. Low L. intuitivus ; intus, within. 
 IN UNDATE. v. To overflow. L. inundo ; in, into, and unda, a 
 
 wave. 
 INU'RE. v. To accustom ; to harden. L. inuro ; to brand, or print 
 
 into : from in, into, and uro, to burn. 
 INVA'DE. v. To enter hostilely ; to encroach upon. L. invado ; in, 
 
 into, and vado, to march. 
 INVALTD. adj. Weak; of no force. L. invalidus ; in, not, and valeo, 
 
 to be strong. 
 INVALID', s. One disabled by sickness or a wound. See the ad- 
 jective. 
 INVALTD ATE. v. To weaken, with regard to evidence ; to annul. 
 
 See INVALID. 
 INVA'SION. s. The act of invading. L. invasio ; invasum, sup. of 
 
 invado. See INVADE. 
 INVECTIVE, s. Censure; repronch. F. invective: L. invectio ; in- 
 
 vectvs, p. part. oHnveho. See INVEIGH. 
 
 142 
 
INV— IRO 
 
 INVEIGH', v. To utter an invective. L. inveho ; from in, against, 
 and veho, to carry. 
 
 INVENT', v. To produce something new and ingenious; to fabricate. 
 L. inventum, sup. of invenio, to find : in, upon, and venio, to come. 
 
 INVENTORY, s. A catalogue of moveable property, made by a judi- 
 cial officer, in pursuance of legal process; a list; an account. F. 
 intentoire : L. inventarium ; invent am, sup. of invenio, to find: in, 
 to, and venio, to come. 
 
 INVERSE', adj. Inverted. L. inversus, p. part, of inverto. See IN- 
 VERT. 
 
 INVERT', v. To reverse ; to place upside-down. L. inverto ; comp. 
 of in, opposite to, and verto, to turn. 
 
 INVEST', v. To dress ; to install ; to adorn ; to enclose, or surround. 
 L. investio ; in, into, and vestis, a garment. 
 
 INVES'TIGATE. v. To examine. L. investigo ; in, into, and vestigo, 
 to trace : vestigium, a track or footstep. 
 
 INVET'ERATE. adj. Obstinate from long continuance. L. invetera- 
 tus ; p. part, of invetero ; in, in, and veteris, gen. of vetus, old. 
 
 INVIDTOUS. adj. Envious; malignant; producing envy or malig- 
 nancy. L. invidiosus ; invidia, envy : in, into, and video, to see or 
 look. 
 
 INVIG'ORATE. v. To strengthen, or enliven. L. in, into, and vigour. 
 
 INVINCIBLE, adj. Unconquerable; insuperable. F. invincible : L. 
 in, not, and vinco, to conquer. 
 
 INVIOLATE, or INVI'OLATED. adj. Uninjured ; unbroken. L. 
 inviolatus ; from in, not, and violatus, (p. part, of violo,) hurt. 
 
 INVISIBLE, adj. Imperceptible by the sight. L. in, not, and visible. 
 
 INVI'TE. v. To allure; to ask ; to intreat. L. invito ; in, to, and via, 
 a way. 
 
 INVOCATION, s. Supplication ; invitation. L. invocatio. See IN- 
 VOKE. 
 
 INVO'KE. v. To supplicate ; to invite. L. invoco ; comp. of in, to, 
 and voco, to call. 
 
 INVOL'UNTARY. adj. Not desired ; not intended. L. in, not, and 
 voluntary. 
 
 INVOLUTION, s. Inwrapment ; entanglement. L. involutio ; invo- 
 lutus, p. part, of involvo. See INVOLVE. 
 
 INVOLVE', v. Toinwrap; to comprise; to entangle. L. involvo ; in, 
 in, and volvo, to roll. 
 
 IO'TA. s. A jot ; a tittle ; the least quantity imaginable. Iota, (t) the 
 smallest letter in the Greek alphabet. 
 
 IPSE DIXIT. The ipse dixit of any person, denotes his mere, un- 
 supported assertion. L. ipse, he, dixit, said : dico, to say. 
 
 IP SO FACTO. By the act itself; by the mere doing of a thing. L. 
 
 IRAS'CIBLE. adj. Easily enraged. L. irascibilis. See IRE. f 
 
 IRE. s. Wrath ; anger. L. ira ; from the G. eir, a tempest. 
 
 I'RIS. s. The rainbow; resemblance of a rainbow; the circle around 
 the pupil of the eye; the fleur-de-luce. L. iris, the rainbow. G. 
 iris ; eiro, to announce. 
 
 IRONTCAL. adj. Expressing irony. See IRONY. 
 
 I'RONY. s. A mode of speech, in which the meaning is contrary to 
 the words. L. ironia : G. eironeia : eiron, a dissembler. 
 
 143 
 
IRR— JET 
 
 IRRA'DIATE. v. To illumine; to brighten. L. ir radio ; in, into, and 
 
 radius, a ray of light. 
 IRREFRAGABLE, adj. Not possible to be confuted. L. irrefraga- 
 
 bilis ; ir., not, and refractus, p. part, of refringo, to break open : re, 
 
 again, and frango, to break. 
 IRREF'UTABLE. adj. Not to be overthrown by argument. L. in, 
 
 not, and refutable. See REFUTE. 
 IRREL'ATIVE. adj. Without relation ; unconnected. L. in, not, and 
 
 relative. 
 IRREL'EVANT. adj. Unassisting ; not aptly adduced. L. in, not, and 
 
 relevant. 
 IRREMEABLE, adj. Admitting no return ; not to be repassed. L. 
 
 irremeabilis : from in, not, and reineo, to return : re, back, and eo, 
 
 to go. 
 IRRESISTIBLE, adj. Superior to opposition. L. in, not, and re- 
 sistible. 
 IR'RIGATE. v. To overflow with water, as a means of fertilizing. L. 
 
 irrigo : in, upon, and rigo, to water. 
 IRRIG'UOUS. adj. Moist. See IRRIGATE. 
 
 IR'RITATE. v. To excite anger ; to provoke. L. irrito. See IRE. 
 IRRUP'TION. s. Violent invasion; inroad. L. irruptio : irruptus, p. 
 
 part, of irrumpo : from in, into, and rumpo, to break. 
 IS'OLATED. adj. Detached. F. isole : L. solus, alone. 
 ISOSCELES, adj. Relating to an angle which has only two sides 
 
 equal. L. isosceles : G. isos, equal, and skelos, a leg. 
 IST'HMUS. s. A neck of land which joins a peninsula to a continent. 
 
 L. isthmus : G. isthmos : istemi, to append. 
 I'TE.VJ. adv. Also; s. an individual thing. L. item, also. 
 IT'ERATE. v. To repeat. L. ilero : ito, to go often. 
 ITINERANT, adj. Wandering. F. itinerant : L. itineris, gen. of 
 
 iter, a journey : from itum, sup. of eo, to go. 
 ITINERARY, adj. Relating to a journey. L. itinerarius. See 
 
 ITINERANT. 
 
 J. 
 
 JACOBIN, s. A member of a noted faction in Paris, to whose designs 
 the execution of Louis XVI. is attributed ; so called, from their meet- 
 ing at a monastery which had belonged to Jacobine friars. 
 
 JACOBITE, s. A partisan of James II. of England, after his dethrone- 
 ment; and also of his descendants. L. Jacobus, James. 
 
 JACULA'TION. s. The action of darting, throwing, or lancing, as of 
 missive weapons, lu.jaculor, to dart. 
 
 JANTTOR. s. A porter ; a gale-keeper. L. from janua, a gate. 
 
 JANUARY, s. The first month. L. Januarius : from Janus, a hea- 
 then god ; to whom, it was consecrated by the Romans. 
 
 JAUNDICE, s. A distemper which changes the skin and eyes to a 
 yellow colour. F. jaunisse : jaun, yellow. 
 
 JEJUNE, adj. Deficient in matter ; unaffecting. L. jejunus, bare, 
 hungry. 
 
 JEL'LY. s. A glutinous substance. F. gelee : geler, to freeze. L. 
 gelu, frost. 
 
 JET. s. A small rapid issue of any fluid. F. jet : from jetter, to throw. 
 
 144 
 
JET— JUR 
 
 JET VEAU. s. An artificial water-spout. Y.jet, a spout, de, of, eau, 
 water. 
 
 JEU D' ESPRIT, s. A witticism. F. jeu, play, de, of, esprit, hu- 
 mour. 
 
 JOCO'SE. adj. Facetious ; merry. L. jocosus : jocus, a jest. 
 
 JOCULAR, adj. Facetious. L. jocularis : jocus, a jest. 
 
 JOCUND, s. Merry; gay. L. jocundus : jocus, a jest. 
 
 JOINT, adj. Shared amongst two or more ; united in the same pos- 
 session ; combined. F. joint: L. junctus, p. part, of jungo, to join. 
 
 JOINTURE, s. Strictly, signifies a joint estate, limited to both hus- 
 band and wife j it also denotes a sole estate, limited to the wife only. 
 See JOINT. 
 
 JOKE. s. A jest. L. jocus, a jest. 
 
 JOL'LY. adj. Cheerful ; agreeable. F. joli : L. jovialis. See JOVIAL. 
 
 JOT. s. An iota ; the least quantity imaginable. Iota, (t) the smallest 
 letter in the Greek alphabet. 
 
 JOUR'NAL. s. A diary ; a compendium from a merchant's daj'-book. 
 F. journal : jour, a day. 
 
 JOUR'NEY. s. Passage by land. F. journee, a day's work, or day's 
 travel : jour, a day. 
 
 JOUR'NEYMAN. s. Strictly, any man hired to work by the day, but, 
 in fact, any mechanic who is hired to work for another, whether by 
 the month, year, or other term. See JOURNEY. 
 
 JO' VIAL. adj. Merry. L. jovialis; from Jovis, gen. of Jupiter. See 
 the heathen mythology. 
 
 JU'BILEE. s. Amongst the Jews, every fiftieth year, at which time 
 all the slaves were liberated, &c. ; a season of great public joy and 
 festivity. Li.jubilum, a joyful shout. 
 
 JUDGE, s. One authorized to determine any cause or question, ac- 
 cording to right, and the law, &c. L. judex : jus, right, and dico, 
 to say. 
 
 JUDICATURE, s. Power of distributing justice ; court of justice. 
 F. judicature. See JUDICIAL. 
 
 JUDICIAL, adj. Relating or belonging to courts of law. L.judicia- 
 lis: judex, a judge. 
 
 JUDICIARY, adj. Relating or belonging to judicature, lu.judicia- 
 rius. See JUDICIAL. 
 
 JUDICIOUS, adj. Wisely judged ; prudent. F.judicieux: Jj.judicis, 
 gen. of judex, a judge. 
 
 JUG'ULAR. adj. Belonging to the throat. L. jugulum, the throat. 
 
 JUNCTION, s. Act of joining ; point of contact ; union, h.junctio : 
 junctus, p. part, of jungo, to join. 
 
 JUNCTURE, s. Tiie critical point of time in which two events seem 
 to meet. L. junctura : juncturus, future part, of jungo, to join. 
 
 JUNE. s. The sixth month. L.Junius; from Juno, the imaginary 
 wife of the heathen deity, Jupiter. 
 
 JU'NIOR. adj. The younger. L. junior, younger; compar. of juvenis, 
 young. 
 
 JURE D I VI' NO. By divine law. L. abl. of jus, and divinus. 
 
 JURE HUM A' NO. By human law. L. abl. of jus, and humanus. 
 
 JURID'ICAL. adj. Acting, or used, in the distribution of justice. L. 
 juridicalis : juridicus, a judge : juris, gen. of jus, right. 
 
 n 145 
 
JUR— LAC 
 
 JURISDICTION, s. Legal authority ; limited extent of power. L. 
 jurisdictio ; from juris, gen. of jus, law, and dictio, a declaration. 
 
 JURISPRUDENCE, s. The science of law ; the knowledge of the 
 laws, &c, in a state or community, necessary for the due adminis- 
 tration of justice. L. jurisprudentia : juris, gen. of jus, law, and 
 prudentia, science. 
 
 JURIST, s. One who professes the science of law. F.juriste: juris, 
 gen. of jus, law. 
 
 JURY. s. An assembly of persons sworn to discover and declare the 
 truth. L. juro, to swear. 
 
 JUS'TICE. s. St ict legal right; equity; punishment, (opposed to 
 mercy;) a judge. F. justice: la. jus, right. 
 
 JUS'TIFY. v. To clear from imputed guilt ; to defend. Y.justifier : 
 L. Justus, right, and facio, to make. 
 
 JUVENILE, adj. Youthful; relating or belonging to youth. L. ju- 
 venilis : juvenis, young. 
 
 JUXTAPOSITION, s. Proximity. L. juxta, near to, and position. 
 
 K. 
 
 KALEIDOSCOPE, s. An optical instrument, invented by Brewster 
 of Edinburgh, which gives to substances placed within it, an almost 
 unlimited variety of beautiful appearances. G. kalos, beautiful, eidos, 
 form, and skopeo, to view. 
 
 KAL'ENDS. s. A term in the Roman kalendar. — The Romans used 
 to reckon the days of their months by the kalends, nones, and ides. 
 Romulus began his months always upon the first day of the moon ; 
 and was followed in this by the authors of the other accounts, to 
 avoid the altering of the immoveable feasts ; therefore, every new 
 moon, one of the inferior priests used to assemble the people, in the 
 capitol, and call over as many days as there were between that and 
 the nones ; and so from the old word cnlo, or the Greek kaleo, to call, 
 the first of these days had the name of kalend. KennetVs Rom. Ant. 
 107. 
 
 KIL'OGRAM. s. In the new system of French weights and measures, 
 a thousand grains. G. kilioi, a thousand, and gramma, a grain. 
 
 KILOMETER, s. In the French system of measures, a thousand 
 meters. G. kilioi, a thousand, and metron, a meter. 
 
 KNAVE, s. This word, now signifying a cunning rogue, originally 
 signified an idle, ignorant clown. L. ignavus, idle, slothful. 
 
 LAB'IAL. adj. Uttered by the lips ; relating or belonging to the lips. 
 
 L. labialis ; from labium, a lip. 
 LABOR' ATORY. s. A chemist's work-room. F. labor atoire: L. Za. 
 
 boro, to labour. 
 LABO'RIOUS. adj. Fatiguing; diligent. L. laboriosus ; from labor, 
 
 labour. 
 LA'BOUR. s. Painful exertion of strength; work; travail. F. labeur: 
 
 L. labor, labour. 
 LACERATE, v. To tear. L. lacero, to tear. 
 
 146 
 
LAC— LAT 
 
 LACH'RYMAL. adj. Generating tears. L. lachryma, a tear. 
 
 LACHRYMATORY, s. A vessel in which tears were gathered, in 
 honour of the dead. L. lachryma, a tear. 
 
 LACON'IC. adj. In few words ; brief. L. laconicus ; from Laconia, 
 the country of the Spartans, who delivered their sentiments in few 
 words. 
 
 LAC'TARY. adj. Milky ; having milk. L. lactarius : lac, milk. 
 
 LACTATES, s. Salts formed from the lactic acid. L. lac, milk. 
 
 LACTEAL, adj. Milky ; conveying chyle of the colour of milk. s. L. 
 lac, milk. 
 
 LACTEOUS. adj. Milky. L. lacteus : lac, milk. 
 
 LACTES'CENT. adj. Producing milk, or a white juice resembling 
 milk. L. lactescens, part, oflactesco: lac, milk. 
 
 LACTOM'ETER. s. An instrument which shows the quantity of milk 
 contained in any fluid. L. lac, milk, and G. metreo, to measure. 
 
 LATTY. s. The people, as distinguished from the clergy. See LAY. 
 
 LAM'BENT. adj. Gliding over gently. L. lambens, part, of lambo, 
 to lick. 
 
 LAMBOTDAL. adj. Having the form of the Greek letter A, lambda. 
 
 LAMTNiE. s. Thin plates or layers. L. lamina, plural of lamina, a 
 thin plate of metal. 
 
 LAN'GUAGE. s. Human speech ; national tongue ; expression. F. 
 langage : L. lingua, a tongue. 
 
 LAN'GUID. adj. Faint; feeble. L. languidus ; from langueo, to lan- 
 guish. 
 
 LANIF'EROUS. adj. Bearing or producing wool. L. lanifer : lana, 
 wool, and fero, to bear. 
 
 LANIG'EROUS. adj. Bearing wool. L. laniger ; from lana, wool, 
 and gero, to bear. 
 
 LANUGTNOUS. adj. Downy; covered with soft hair. L. lanugino- 
 sa ; from lanugo, down. 
 
 LAPTDARY. s. One who deals in gems, or finishes them. F. lapi- 
 daire : L. lapis, a stone. 
 
 LAPID'EOUS. adj. Stony; of the nature of stone. L. lapideus : lapi- 
 dis, gen. of lapis, a stone. 
 
 LAPIDES'CENT. adj. Growing or turning to stone. L. lapidescens, 
 part, of lapidesco : lapis, a stone. 
 
 LAPSE, s. Flow ; period passed ; small error. L. lapsus, part, of la- 
 bor, to glide, or slip. 
 
 LARCENY, s. Theft, committed without violence. F. larcin: L. 
 latrocinium : latro, a servant, a hired soldier, (anciently held in dis- 
 repute,) a robber. 
 
 LARGESS', s. A present ; a gift ; a bounty. F. largesse : L. largio, 
 to give liberally, to bestow. 
 
 LARVA, s. An insect in the caterpillar state; the state of an insect 
 when the animal is masked, and before it has attained its winged or 
 perfect state. L. larva, a mask. 
 
 LARYNX, s. The windpipe or trachea. G. larunx, the throat. 
 
 LASCIVIOUS, adj. Lewd. L. lascivus : laxus, loose. See LAX. 
 
 LASSITUDE, s. Weariness. L. lassiludo ; from laxus, loose, un- 
 strung. 
 
 LATENT, adj. Concealed. L. latens, part, of latco, to lurk. 
 
 147 
 
LAT— LEG 
 
 LAT'ERAL. adj. Relating to the side ; or to a motion from side to 
 side. L. lateralis; from laius, a side. 
 
 A LATE' RE. A legate, a latere, is a pope's legate or envoy, so called 
 because sent from his side, from amongst his favourites and coun- 
 sellors. 
 
 LAT'INISM. s. A mode of speech peculiar to the Latin language. 
 
 LATITAT, s. A writ, issuing from the King's Bench, in England ; 
 which supposes the defendant to be concealed. L. latitat, (from la- 
 tito,) he lurks. 
 
 LATTTUDE. s. Breadth ; extensive range ; distance from the equa- 
 tor. L. latitudo ; from latus, broad : latus, (p. part, of fero,) borne, 
 or carried ; that is, extended. 
 
 LATITUDINA'RIAN. s. One who thinks or acts without restraining 
 himself. L. latitudo. See LATITUDE. 
 
 LAUD. v. To praise highly ; to extol. L. laudo, to praise. 
 
 LAUD'ABLE. adj. Praiseworthy. L. laudabilis ; from laudo, to 
 praise. 
 
 LAUN'DRY. s. A house, or room, in which clothes are washed. F. 
 lavanderie : L. lavo. to wash. 
 
 LAUR'EAT, or LAUREATE, adj. Decked with a laurel, or sup- 
 posed to be so honoured. L. laureatus : laurea, a laurel-tree, or 
 garland of laurels. 
 
 LAVATORY, s. A medicinal wash. See LAVE. 
 
 LAVE. v. To wash ; to bathe. L. lavo, to wash. 
 
 LA'VER. s. A vessel for washing ; a large bason. F. lavoir : laver, 
 to wash. L. lavo. 
 
 LAVISH, adj. Prodigal. L. lavo, to throw or shake off. 
 
 LAX. adj. Loose ; slack ; vague, s. A looseness, or diarrhoea. L. 
 laxus, loose. 
 
 LAXTTY. s. Looseness; slackness; want of precision. L. laxitas. 
 See LAX. 
 
 LAY. adj. Regarding the laity. G. laos, the people. 
 
 LAYMAN, s. One who is not a clergyman. See LAY. 
 
 LEAGUE, s. A confederacy ; a combination, either of interest or 
 friendship. F. ligue : L. ligo, to bind. 
 
 LEASE, s. A contract, by which a temporary possession is granted, 
 of houses, lands, &c. F. laisser : L. laxo, to unloose, or set at 
 liberty. 
 
 LEAVEN, s. That which raises bread, and is usually called yeast or 
 barm ; something which makes a general change in the mass ; in 
 general, denoting corruption. F. levain : L. levo, to raise. 
 
 LECTURE, s. An instructive discourse. F. lecture : L. lego, (legere,) 
 to select, or to read. A lecture, as distinguished from a sermon, 
 seems to denote selection : being explanatory of several passages of 
 Scripture, and not referring to a particular text. In general, the 
 term alludes to reading. 
 
 LEG' AC Y. s. Chattel property bequeathed by a last will. L. legatum : 
 from lego, (legare,) to send, to bequeath. 
 
 LE'GAL. adj. Lawful ; relating or belonging to law. L. legalis ; 
 from legis, gen. of lex, a law. 
 
 LEG' ATE. s. An ambassador; a papal ambassador or commissioner. 
 L. legatus ; from lego, to send, or intrust. 
 
 148 
 
LEG— LET 
 
 LEGATEE', s. One to whom a legacy has been willed. L. Icgatum, 
 
 a legacy. See LEGACY. 
 LE'GEND. s. A chronicle of the lives of saints ; any memorial or re- 
 lation ; nny inscription, particularly on coins and medals. L. le- 
 
 genda, [tiling-] to be read; from lego (legere.) 
 LEGERDEMAIN', s. Sleight of hand. F. legerete, nimbleness, de, of, 
 
 main, the hand. 
 LEGIBLE, adj. Such as can be read. L. legibilis ; from lego, to 
 
 read. 
 LE'GION. s. A Roman battalion, consisting of about five thousand 
 
 men. L. legio ; from lego, to collect. 
 LEGISLATOR, s. One who makes laws. L. legislator : leges, laws, 
 
 and latum, sup. offero, to carry, or propose. 
 LEGITIMATE, adj. Regular; proper; born in wedlock. L. legitu 
 
 mvs, lawful; from legis, gen. of lex, a law. 
 LEGU'MINOUS. adj. Of the pulse kind, as beans and peas ; such as 
 
 are not reaped, but gathered by the hand. L. legumen, pulse ; from 
 
 lego, to gather. 
 LEISURE, s. Freedom from business or hurry ; convenience of time. 
 
 F. loisir ; from the L. laxus, loose. 
 LENIENT, adj. Assuaging; mild; merciful. L. leniens, part, of 
 
 lenio, to assuage ; lenis, mild. 
 LENITIVE, s. Something to ease pain. F. lenitif. See LENITY. 
 LENITY, s. Mildness ; tenderness. L. lenitas : lenis, mild. 
 LENS. s. An optical glass which is convex on two sides. L. lens, a 
 
 kind of pulse, called lentil, — from a resemblance of that glass to the 
 
 form of its seed. 
 LENTICULAR, adj. Of the form of a lens. F. lenticulaire : L. len- 
 
 tis, gen. of lens. See LENS. 
 LEN'TIFORM. adj. Having the shape of a lens. L. lentis, of a lens, 
 
 and forma, figure. 
 LENTIG'INOUS. adj. Scurfy ; partaking of the lentigo. L. lentigu 
 
 nosus. See LENTIGO. 
 LEN'TIGO. s. A freckly or scurfy eruption on the skin. L. from 
 
 lends, gen. of lens, a kind of pea or pulse, called a lentil. 
 LE'O. s. One of the twelve signs of the zodiac. L. leo, a lion. 
 LE'ONINE. adj. Belonging to or resembling a lion. L. leoninus : 
 
 leo, a lion. 
 LEPER, s. One having the leprosy. See LEPROSY. 
 LEPROSY, s. A disorder which covers the body with a kind of white 
 
 scales. L. lepra : G. lepra : lepros, scabby. 
 LEP'ROUS. adj. Infected with leprosy. L.'leprosus. See LEPROSY. 
 LES'SON. s. Any thing read or repeated to a teacher ; precept ; por- 
 tion of scripture read in divine service. F. legon : L. lectio : lego, 
 
 to read. 
 LETHARGY, s. A morbid drowsiness. G. leihargia ; from lethe, 
 
 forg-etfulness, and argos, slothful, dull. 
 LET'TER. s. One of the elements of a syllable ; an epistle ; literal 
 
 meaning. F. lettre : L. litera, a letter. 
 LETTRES DE CACHET. Private letters or mandates, (sealed 
 
 letters) formerly issued by the kings of France, under the royal sig- 
 net, for the apprehension of persons obnoxious to the court. F. 
 n* 149 
 
LEV— LIS 
 
 LEVA'RI FA' CI AS. A writ which commands the sheriff (o levy 
 the plaintiff's debt, whereby that officer may seize the real estate of 
 the defendant, and receive the rents and profits, till satisfaction be 
 made to the plaintiff. L. 
 
 LEVATOR, s. A surgical instrument, for raising depressed parts of 
 the skull. L. levator : from levo, to lift. 
 
 LEVEE', s. An assemblage of persons at a court ; an artificial bank 
 of a river. F. levee : from lever, to raise. 
 
 LEV'EN. s. — See LEAVEN; which is the most common, though not 
 the most correct, mode, of spelling the word. 
 
 LEVER, s. One of the mechanical powers. F. levier : L. levo, to lift. 
 
 LEVIGATE, s. To reduce to very fine powder ; to mix until a liquor 
 becomes smooth and uniform. L. Icevigo : from lavis, or levis, 
 smooth. 
 
 LEVITY, s. Lightness ; unsteadiness ; trifling gayety. L. levitas : 
 from levis y light. 
 
 LEVY. v. To raise, — applied to money, or an army. F. lever : L. 
 levo, to raise. 
 
 LEXICOGRAPHER, s. A writer of dictionaries. G. lexicon, a dic- 
 tionary, and grapho, to write. 
 
 LEXTCON. s. A dictionary. G. lexicon : lexis, a word, and eikon, a 
 representation, or image. 
 
 LEX MERC ATO'RIA. The law of merchants. L. 
 
 LEX NATU'RJE. The law of nature. L. lex, a law, and naturcB, 
 gen. of natura, nature. 
 
 LEX NON SCRIP' TA. Unwritten law; the Common Law of Eng- 
 land. L. lex, a law, non, not, scripla, (from scribo,) written. 
 
 LEX SCRIP' TA. Written or statute law. L. lex, a law, scripta, 
 (from scribo,) written. 
 
 LEX TALIO NIS. The law of retaliation ; as, " an eye for an eye, 
 a tooth for a tooth." L. lex, a law, and talionis, gen. of talio, like 
 for like. 
 
 LIBATION, s. Wine poured upon the ground, in honour of a hea- 
 then god. L. libatio : G. leibo, to pour out. 
 
 LI'BEL. s. A defamatory writing ; a species of proceeding in law. L. 
 libellus, a little book, a lampoon ; from liber, a book. 
 
 LIB'ERAL. adj. Becoming a gentleman ; munificent ; generous. L. 
 liberalis : from liber, free. 
 
 LIB'ERATE. v. To set free. L. libero : from liber, free. 
 
 LIBER'TICTDE. s. A traitor to the liberties of his country ; a de- 
 stroyer of liberty. L. libertas, liberty, and ccedo, to kill. 
 
 LIB'ERTINE. s. A licentious person. F. libertin : L. liber, free, un- 
 controlled. 
 
 LIB'ERTY. s. Freedom ; privilege ; a district privileged or exempted. 
 L. libertas : from liber, free. 
 
 LIBIDTNOUS. adj. Lustful ; lewd. L. libidinosus : libido, lust. 
 
 LI'BRA. s. One of the signs of the zodiac. L. libra, a balance. 
 
 LIBRARY, s. A place for books ; a large collection of books. L. 
 liber, a book. 
 
 LIBRATION. s. The state of being balanced. L. libratio : libra, a 
 balance. 
 
 150 
 
LIC— LIT 
 
 LI'CENSE. s. Permission; permission allowed by on e's-self beyond a 
 
 proper limit. L. licentia : from liceo, to be lawful. 
 LICENTIATE, s. One who has obtained a collegiate degree. L. 
 
 licentia, permission. 
 LICEN'TIOUS. adj. Unrestrained by law or moral feeling. L. licen- 
 
 tiosus : from licentia, arbitrary license. 
 LIC'TOR. s. A person who attended the Roman consuls, to apprehend 
 
 or punish criminals. L. lictor : probably from ligo, to bind. 
 LIEGE, adj. Subject; sovereign. F. lige : L. ligo, to bind. 
 LI'ENTERY. s. A species of bodily looseness, or diarrhoea. F. lien. 
 
 terie : G. leion, smooth, and enteron, an intestine. 
 LIEU. In lieu, means in the place of. F. lieu, place, stead. 
 LIEUTENANT, s. A deputy; an officer next in rank to a captain. 
 
 F. from lieu, place, or stead, and tenant, part, oftenir, to hold. 
 LIG'AMENT. s. That which unites or connects ; bond. L. ligamen- 
 
 tum : from ligo, to bind. 
 LIG'ATURE. s. A bandage. L. ligatura : from ligo, to bind. 
 LIGNEOUS, adj. Partaking of wood. L. ligneus : lignum, wood. 
 LIMIT, s. Boundary ; utmost reach. F. limile : L. limes, a boundary. 
 LIMTID. adj. Transparent. L. limpidus. See LYMPH. 
 LIN'EAL. adj. Composed of lines; descending in a direct family line. 
 
 L. linealis : from linea, a line. 
 LIN'EAMENT. s. Feature. L. lineamentum : from tinea, a line. 
 LINEN, s. Cloth made of flax or hemp. L. linum, flax. 
 LINGUA DENTAL, adj. Uttered by the combined action of the 
 
 tongue and teeth. L. lingua, a tongue, and dens, el tooth. 
 LINGUIST, s. One skilled in languages. L. lingua, a tongue or 
 
 language. 
 LIN'JMENT. s. A species of ointment. L. linimenlum : from linio, 
 
 to rub softly. 
 LIPOTH'YMY. s. A swoon. G. leipothemia : comp. of leipo, to fail, 
 
 and ihumos, the mind. 
 LIQUATION, s. The act of melting ; capacity to be melted. L. liquo, 
 
 to melt. 
 LIQ'UEFY. v. To become liquid ; to make liquid. L. liquefio : from 
 
 liquor, a fluid, and ,/io, to become. 
 LIQUES'CENT. adj. Melting ; of a melting nature. L. liquescens, 
 
 part, of liquesco, to grow liquid : liquo, to melt. 
 LIQ'UID. adj. Melted; fluid; soft. L. tiquidus : liqueo, to melt. 
 LIQ'UIDATE. v. To lessen a debt by degrees. L. liqueo, to dissolve. 
 LIQ'UOR. s. Any thing fluid ; vulgarly, intoxicating drink. L. liquor. 
 
 See LIQUID. 
 LIT' ANY. s. A form of prayer. G. litaneia, a supplication. 
 LIT'ERAL. adj. Not figurative ; following the words precisely ; con- 
 sisting of letters. L. lit era, a letter. 
 LIT'ERARY. adj. Relating to letters, or learning. L. literarius : from 
 
 literal, letters, or learning : litera, a letter. 
 LIT'ERATE. adj. Learned; instructed in learning and science. L. 
 
 literatus : litera, a letter. 
 LITER A'TI. s. The learned. L. pi. of literatus, learned; from litera, 
 
 letters. 
 LITERATIM, s. Letter by letter. L. literatim : from litera, a letter. 
 
 151 
 
LIT-LON 
 
 LITHOGRAPHY. *. The art of engraving, or of tracing letters, 
 
 figures, or other designs, on stone, and of transferring them to paper, 
 
 by impression. G. lithos, a stone, and grapho, to write. 
 LITHONTRIP'TIC. adj. Medicine for dissolving the stone in the 
 
 kidneys or bladder. G. lithos, a stone, and tribo, to waste or digest. 
 Ll'i'tlO l'OMY. s. The art of cutting for the stone. G. lithos, a stone, 
 
 and tem.no, to cut. 
 LITIGATE, v. To contest in law. L. litigo : comp. of litis, gen. of 
 
 lis, strife, and ago, to make. 
 LITIGIOUS, adj. Inclined to judicial contest ; given to the practice 
 
 of contending in law ; disputable; controvertible. L. litigios us. See 
 
 LITIGATE. 
 LIT'TER. s. Straw for cattle to lie on ; a bed for carrying a sick or 
 
 luxurious person ; a brood of young, (supposed to be in a bed.) F. 
 
 litiere : lit, a bed. 
 LITURGY, s. Form of prayers; form of public devotion. G. leitour- 
 
 gia : litos, public, and ergon, a work. 
 LIVERY, s. The act of giving possession; release from wardship; 
 
 the state of being kept at a certain rate ; the clothes given to ser- 
 vants ; a particular dress. F. livrer, to deliver : L. libero. At the 
 
 meeting of the plenary courts, Pepin was obliged to give dresses to 
 
 the officers of his household : thence, came the word livery, because 
 
 these dresses were delivered at the king's expense. 
 LIVID, adj. Discolour.ed, as with a blow. L. lividus : from liveo, to 
 
 be black and blue, or pale and wan. 
 LIXIVIUM, s. A fluid impregnated with a salt. L. lixivium ; from 
 
 lix, ley made with ashes. 
 LOBE. s. In anatomy, any fleshy, protuberant part, as the lobes of the 
 
 lungs, the lobes of the ears. G. lobos, the lower part of the ear. 
 LOCAL, adj. Relating to place; in a particular place. F. local: L. 
 
 locus, a place. 
 LOCA'TE. v. To establish in a particular place. L. loco : from locus, 
 
 a place. 
 LOCOMOTION, s. Act of moving from one place to another. L. loco, 
 
 (abl. of locus,) from a place, and motion. 
 LO'CUM TE'NENS. A deputy ; a temporary substitute. L. locum, 
 
 a place, and tenens, holding : (locus and teneo.) 
 LO'CUS SIGIL'LI, or L.S. The place of the seal. L. locus, a place, 
 
 and sigilli, gen. of sigillum, a seal. 
 LOG' ARITHMS. s. A species of arithmetic, invented by lord Napier. 
 
 G. logos, a ratio, and arithmos, a number. 
 LOGIC, s. The art of reasoning. L. logice : G. logos, a word, speech, 
 
 or thought. 
 LOGOM'ACHY. s. A contest in, or about, words. G. logomachia : 
 
 comp. of logos, a word, and mache, a battle. 
 LONGEVITY, s. Length of life. L. longcevus, long-lived ; from 
 
 longus, long, and <zvum, time. 
 LONGIM ETRY. s. The art of measuring distances. L. longus, long, 
 
 and G. metreo, to measure. 
 LON'GITUDE. s. Length ; distance from east to west. L. longitudo : 
 
 from longus, long. 
 
 152 
 
LOQ— LUS 
 
 LOQUA'CIOUS. adj. Talkative. L. loquacis, gen. of loquax, talkative i 
 
 loquor, to speak. 
 LOR'ICATED. adj. Plated over, in the manner of a crocodile. L. 
 
 lorica, a coat of mail. 
 LO'TION. s. A medicinal wash. L. lotio : from lotum, sup. of lavo, to 
 
 wash. 
 LOUIS-D'OR. s. A golden coin of France. F. Louis, (the king's 
 
 name,) de, of, or, gold. 
 LOYAL, adj. Obedient to a prince, or to the national laws ; faithful. 
 
 F. loyal : from loi, a law. 
 LUBRICITY, s. Slipperiness, or smoothness ; instability. F. lubricite : 
 
 L. lubricus, gliding : labor, to slide. 
 LU BR I FACTION, s. The act of making slippery or smooth. L. 
 
 lubricus, gliding, and facio, to make. 
 LU'CENT. adj. Shining; splendid. L. lucens, part, of luceo, to 
 
 shine. 
 LU'CID. adj. Shining; perspicuous. L. lucidus : from lucis, gen. of 
 
 lux, light. 
 LUCIF'EROUS. adj. Giving light. L. lucis, gen. of lux, light, and 
 
 fero, to bring. 
 LU'CIFORM. adj. Having the form of light. L. lucis, gen. of lux, 
 
 light, and forma, form. 
 LUCRATIVE, adj. Profitable. L. lucrativus : from lucrum, gain. 
 LU'CRE. s. Gain ; money. This is a vulgar word, and always used 
 
 in a degrading sense. F. lucre : L. lucrum, gain. 
 LUCUBRATION, s. Nocturnal study. L. lucubratio : from lucis, 
 
 gen. of lux, light ; — meaning candlelight. 
 LUC'ULENT. adj. Lucid ; clear. L. luculentus : luceo, to shine. 
 LU'DICROUS. adj. Exciting laughter. L. ludicer : from ludus, 
 
 sport. 
 LUGUBRIOUS, adj. Mournful. L. lugubris : lugeo, to mourn. 
 LUMBA'GO. s. Pain in the loins and small part of the back. L. 
 
 lumbi, the loins, and ago, to move. 
 LUMINARY, s. That which emits light. L. luminare : from lumen, 
 
 light. 
 LU'NACY. s. A species of intermitting mental derangement, erro- 
 neously supposed to be influenced by the moon ; madness in general. 
 
 L. luna, the moon. 
 LU'NAR. adj. Relating or belonging to the moon. L. lunaris : from 
 
 luna, the moon. 
 LUNA' RI AN. s. An inhabitant of the moon. L. luna, the moon. 
 LUNATIC, s. One afflicted with lunacy. See LUNACY. 
 LUNA'TION. s. A revolution of the moon. L. luna, the moon. 
 LU'PERCAL. s. A feast observed at Rome, at the place where Romu- 
 lus and Remus were said to have been suckled by a wolf. L. luper- 
 
 cal : from lupa, a female wolf. 
 LUSTRA'TION. s. Religious purification by water, or other sacrifice. 
 
 L. lustratio. See LUSTRUM. 
 LUS'TRE. s. Brightness, or glitter ; renown ; a chandalier. F. lustre; 
 
 L. lustro, to purify. 
 LUS'TRUM. s. The religious purgation or cleansing of Rome, every 
 
 fifth year ; hence, lustrum is used to denote a period of four years. L, 
 
 153 
 
LUS— MAI 
 
 LU'SUS NATURAE. An irregular production of nature; as an ani- 
 mal born with five legs, instead of four. L. lusus, a play or freak, 
 natures, (from natura,) of nature. 
 
 LUTA'RIOUS. adj. Living in mud. L. lutarius : from lut urn, mud. 
 
 LU'TING. s. Clay, or a composition, with which the joints and aper- 
 tures of chemical utensils are closed. F. lut : L. luium, clay. 
 
 LU'TULENT. adj. Muddy ; turbid. L. lutulentus : lutum, mud. 
 
 LUXURIANT, adj. Exuberant. L. luxurians : from luxo, to loosen ; 
 that is, to grow beyond the proper limit. 
 
 LYMPH, s. A transparent, colourless fluid. L. lympha, a poetical 
 term for water. 
 
 LYMTHEDUCT. s. In anatomy, a vessel which conveys the lymph. 
 L. lympha, lymph, and ductus, a guidance : duco, to lead. 
 
 LYRE. s. A harp. F. lyre : L. lyra : G. lura. 
 
 LYRTC. adj. Relating to poems intended for the harp; sentimental 
 pieces of music. L. lyricus. See LYRE. 
 
 M. 
 
 MACERATE, v. To make lean; to wear away. L. macero; from 
 
 macer, lean. 
 
 MACHINA'TION. s. Artifice; malicious design. L. machinatio; 
 from machina, an engine. See MACHINE. 
 
 MACHINE, s. An engine of complicated workmanship. F. machine: 
 L. machina : G. machane, a project or endeavour ; quickness or ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 MACULA, s. A spot. L. (pi. macules.) 
 
 MAD'RIGAL. s. A pastoral song; any light, airy, short song. F. 
 madrigal : L. mandra, a hovel for cattle. 
 
 MAGAZINE, s. A store-house, generally for munitions of war ; a 
 miscellaneous pamphlet, (imagined as a literary store-house.) F. 
 magazin: G. magos, wise. 
 
 MA'GIC. s. Pretended sorcery or enchantment. L. magia : G. magos, 
 wise. 
 
 MAGISTE'RIAL. adj. Relating to or resembling a magistrate. See 
 MAGISTRATE. 
 
 MAGISTRATE, s. A man invested with legal authority. L. magis- 
 trates : magister, a master : from major, greater. 
 
 MAGNA CHAR'TA. s. The charter of English liberties, obtained 
 from king John, by the barons, in 1215. L. magna, (fern, of mag- 
 nus,) great, and charta, (pronounced carta,) paper. 
 
 MAGNANIMTTY. s. Greatness of mind ; bravery. L. magnanimi- 
 las: comp. of magnus, great, and animus, the mind or soul. 
 
 MAGNIFICENT, adj. Grand ; splendid. L. magnijicus ; from mag- 
 nus, great, and facio, to make. 
 
 MAGNIFY, v. To make great; to increase to the eye ; to exaggerate. 
 L. magnijicio ; from magnus, great, and facio, to make. 
 
 MAGNITUDE, s. Bulk; dimension. L. magnitudo ; from magnus, 
 great. 
 
 MAIL. s. A coat of steel network, to protect the body ; any armour ; 
 a postman's bag, or that which covers and protects the letters ; a 
 carriage in which the mail is conveyed. F. maille, the mesh of a net 
 
 154 
 
MAI— MAN 
 
 MAIN. adj. Principal ; chief; leading. Old F. magne : L. magnus, 
 
 great. 
 MAIN. s. A continent, or great tract of land ; an ccean, or great sheet 
 
 ofw.iter. See the adjective. 
 MAIN'PRISE. s. Delivery into the custody of a friend, upon security 
 
 given for appearance ; bail. F. main, a hand, and prise, possession; 
 
 prendre, to take. 
 MAINTAIN', v. To preserve; to keep; to support. F. maintenir : 
 
 main, a hand, (that is, in the hand,) and tenir, to hold : L. manus, 
 
 and teneo. 
 MAJES'TIC. adj. August; grand; splendid. L. majestas, superior- 
 ity, majesty : from major, compar. of magnus, great. 
 MA'JOR. adj. Greater ; used generally before part. L. major, greater ; 
 
 compar. of magnus, great. 
 MAJOR, s. An officer next above a captain. L. major, greater. 
 MAJORTTY. s. The greater number; commission or rank of major. 
 
 See MAJOR. 
 MAL'ADY. s. Disease. F. maladie : mal, evil: L. malum. 
 MA'LA FIDE. With a design to deceive. L. abl. of malus, bad, and 
 
 Jides, faith. 
 MAL'ATES. s. Salts formed by a combination of any base with the 
 
 malic acid. See MALIC. 
 MAL'CONTENT. s. A discontented or dissatisfied person. . F. mal- 
 
 content: mal, ill, and content, contented. 
 MALEDICTION, s. Curse. L. maledictio; from malus, evil, and 
 
 dictio, an expression. 
 MALEFACTOR, s. A criminal. L. male, wickedly, and facio, to do. 
 MALEVOLENT, s. Ill-disposed ; malignant. L. malevolus ; from 
 
 male, wickedly, and volo, to wish. 
 MALTC. adj. Malic acid is obtained from the juice of apples. L. 
 
 malum, an apple. 
 MALICE, s. Evil design. F. malice : L. malitia ; from malum, wick- 
 edness. 
 MALTCE PREPENSE'. Evil intention, previously cherished. See 
 
 MALICE and PREPENSE. 
 MALIFTCENT. adj. Malign; injurious; causing evil. L. malum, 
 
 evil, and facio, to make. 
 MALIGN, adj. Evil- disposed ; malicious ; pestilential. F. maligne : 
 
 L. malignus : malus, evil. 
 MALIGNANT, adj. Intending or effecting ill; malicious; hostile to 
 
 life. F. malignant : L. malignus ; from malum, evil. 
 MALLEABLE, adj. Capable of being spread by hammering. F. 
 
 malleable: L. malleus, a hammer. 
 MAL'LET. s. A wooden hammer, with two heads. F. maillet : L. 
 
 malleus, a hammer. 
 MALUM IN SE. Evil in itself, as murder. Some actions are evil 
 
 only when prohibited by law, as the killing of game, if unprivileged, 
 
 which is malum prohibitum. L. malum, (neuter of malus,) evil, in, 
 
 in, sp, itself. 
 MALVERSATION, s. Fraudulent conduct. F. malversation: L. 
 
 malum, evil, and verso, (freq. of verto,) to turn often. 
 MAN'ACLES. s. Handcuffs. F. manicles : L. manic<s : manus, a hand. 
 
 155 
 
MAN— MAR 
 
 MAN' AGE. v. To conduct ; to make tractable. F. tnenager : main, 
 
 the hand, and agir, to act. L. manus, and ago. 
 MANDA'MUS. s. A writ, requiring the person to whom it is directed, 
 
 to do some particular thing, therein specified. L. mandamus, (from 
 
 mando,) we command. 
 MAN'DATE. s. A command ; a commission. L. mandatum ; from 
 
 mando, to command, or give in charge : manus, a hand, and do, to 
 
 give. 
 MANE'GE. s. A place for training horses; a riding-school. F. ma- 
 nege. See MANAGE. 
 MAN'ES. s. The immortal part, or spirit. L. manes : which appears 
 
 to be derived from maneo, to remain. 
 MANEUV'RE. s. Finesse ; artful and subtle expedient ; military move- 
 ment. F. manoeuvre : comp. of main, the hand, and oeuvre, work. 
 MANGE, s. A scorbutic disease amongst brutes. F. manger, to eat ; 
 
 meaning to penetrate the skin. 
 MANGER, s. The trough or vessel in which cattle are fed. F. man- 
 
 geoire : manger, to eat. 
 MAN'IA. s. Raving or furious madness ; generally prevailing adoption 
 
 of something new. G. mania, rage. 
 MA'NIAC. s. One highly deranged in mind. See MANIA. 
 MANOEUVRE. See MANEUV'RE. 
 MAN'OR. s. Land granted by a sovereign to a person of great merit, 
 
 as an estate or permanent place of residence. Old F. manoir : L. 
 
 maneo, to remain. 
 MAN'SION. s. The house erected on a manor ; a house adapted for 
 
 a permanent residence ; place of abode. L. mansio, a continuance : 
 
 mansum, sup. of maneo. See MANOR. 
 MANTELET', s. A kind of pent-house, used by a besieging army, to 
 
 cover the miners and pioneers from the enemy's shot. F. mantelet : 
 
 Old F. mantel, a cloak. 
 MANUAL, adj. Performed by the hand. L. manualis : from manus, 
 
 a hand. 
 MAN'UAL. s. A small book, such as may be easily carried in the 
 
 hand. See the adjective. 
 MANUFACTURE, v. To form by art and labour. F. manufacturer: 
 
 L. manu, (abl. of manus,) by the hand, and facio, to make. 
 MANUMIT', u. To release from slavery. L. manumitto : comp. of 
 
 manu, abl. of manus,) from the hand, and mitto, to send away. The 
 
 ceremony of manumission was thus performed by the Romans : — 
 
 The slave was brought before the consul, and, in after times, before 
 
 the prsstor, by his master ; who, laying his hand upon his servant's 
 
 head, said, to the praetor, " hunc hominem, liberum esse volo ;" and 
 
 then let him go out of his hand ; which was termed e manu emitlere. 
 
 Kennett's Rom. Ant. 1 14. 
 MAN'USCRIPT. s. Something written by the hand, — not printed. 
 
 L. manuscriptum : manu, (abl. of manus,) by the hand, and scriptus, 
 
 p. part, of scribo, to write. 
 MARCH, s. The third month. L. Martius ; from Mars, the god of 
 
 war; to whom, it was dedicated by the Romans. 
 MARGIN, s. The brink, or border. L. margo, the brink. 
 MARI'NE. adj. Belonging to the sea. L. marinus; from mare, the sea. 
 
 156 
 
MAR— MAT 
 
 MARINER, s. A seaman. See MARINE. 
 
 MAR'ITAL. adj. Relating to a husband. F. marital : L. maritus, a 
 husband. 
 
 MARITIME, adj. Relating to the sea. L. maritimus ; from mare, 
 the sea. 
 
 MARQUE, s. "Letters of marque and reprisal ;" (words used as syno- 
 nymous, and signifying, the latter, a taking in return, the former, 
 the passing of the frontiers, in order to such taking:) are granted, 
 in order to seize the bodies or goods of offending foreigners, until 
 satisfaction be made. F. from marche, a boundary. 
 
 MARQUIS, or MAR'QUESS. s. Now denotes a nobleman, next in 
 rank below a duke ; but originally signified a person whose office 
 was to guard the frontiers and limits of the kingdom of England. 
 F. marche, a boundary, or limit. 
 
 MAR'RY. v. To perform the ceremony of marriage; to take in mar- 
 riage. F. marier : L. marito, to wed. 
 
 MAR'TIAL. adj. Warlike ; relating to war. F. martial : L. martialis: 
 Mars, the god of war. 
 
 MAR'TYR. s. One who is put to death for holding a particular opi- 
 nion. F. martyr : G. martur, a witness ; because, by his death, he 
 bears witness to the truth of his belief. 
 
 MARTYROL'OGY. s. A register of martyrs. F. martyr, a martyr, 
 and G. logos, a description. 
 
 MARYELLOUS. adj. Wonderful. F. merveilleux : merveille, won- 
 der, meriter, to deserve, and veiller, to notice. 
 
 MASCULINE, adj. Relating or belonging to males. L. masculinus ; 
 from mas, a male. 
 
 MAS'SACRE. s. Extensive and indiscriminate slaughter ; cruel butch- 
 ery of the unarmed or defenceless. F. massacre : L. macto, to kill, 
 and sacrum, a sacrifice. 
 
 MAS'SIVE, or MASSY, adj. Bulky ; ponderous. F. massif: L. 
 massa, a heap. 
 
 M ASTER, s. One who has a servant ; a ruler ; a director ; one who 
 teaches, &c. F. maistre: L. magister ; from major, (compar. of 
 magnus„) greater. 
 
 MATE'RIAL. adj. Consisting of matter ; corporeal, not spiritual; im- 
 portant; essential; necessary. L. materialis. See MATTER. 
 
 MATERIALIST, s. One who denies the existence of spiritual sub- 
 stances. See MATERIAL. 
 
 MATE'RIA MEDTCA. A general name for all substances used in 
 medicine; a book which treats of these substances. L. materia, 
 matter, and medica, (fern, of medicus,) pertaining to physic. 
 
 MATER'NAL. adj. Motherly ; pertaining to a mother. L. maternus : 
 mater, a mother. G. mater, a mother. 
 
 MATHEMATICS, s. That science which contemplates whatever 
 can be numbered or measured. G. mithematike ; from mathema, 
 instruction ; manthano, to learn. 
 
 MATIN, adj. Relating to the morning. F. matin, morning. 
 
 MATINS, s. Morning worship. F. matines. See MATIN. 
 
 MAT'RICE. s. A mould ; an instrument used by engravers and letter- 
 founders, on which is engraved a figure to be stuck into the metal, 
 or the letter to be cast. See MATRIX. 
 
 o 157 
 
MAT— MED 
 
 MATRICIDE, s. Murder of a mother ; one who murders a mother. 
 
 L. matricidium ; comp. of mater, a mother, and ccsdo, to kill. 
 MATRICULATE, v. To admit as a member of a university; to enrol. 
 
 L. matrix, a womb, and latum, sup. of fero, to bring. A college is 
 
 thus compared to a mother. 
 MATRIMONY, s. Wedlock. L. matrimonium ; from mater, a mother. 
 MATRIX, s. The womb; also, an instrument used in the formation 
 
 of letters, &c, by engravers and type-founders. L. matrix : G. ma- 
 
 ter, a mother. 
 MA'TRON. s. An elderly lady ; a wife. L. matrona ; from mater, a 
 
 mother. 
 MATTER, s. Substance ; purulent discharge ; subject ; consequence ; 
 
 importance. L. materia ; from mater, a mother : G. mater. 
 MATURE, adj. Ripe. L. maturus, mellow. 
 MATURA'TION. s. The process of ripening, or coming to maturity. 
 
 L. maturus, ripe. 
 MAUSOLE'UM. s. A splendid tomb. L. from Mausolus, king of Ca- 
 
 ria ; for whom, a famous funeral monument was erected by his 
 
 queen, and called The Mausoleum. 
 MAUVAISE HONTE. Excessive bashfulness. F. mauvaise, evil, 
 
 honte, shame, or confusion. 
 MAX'IM. s. An axiom; a general principle; a leading truth. F. 
 
 maxime : L. maximus, greatest. 
 MAX'IMUM. s. The highest rate, opposed to minimum. L. maxi- 
 mum, (neuter of maximus,) the superl. of magnus, great : pos. mag. 
 
 nus, great; compar. major, greater; superl. maximus, greatest. 
 MAY. s. The fifth month. L. Maius ; from Maia, the mother of 
 
 Mercury. 
 MAY'OR. s. The chief magistrate of a town. F. maire : L. major, 
 
 greater. 
 MEAGER, adj. Lean ; weak ; emaciated. Y.maigre : L. macer : G. 
 
 mikros, small. 
 MEANDER, v. To move in a serpentine course. Meander, a river in 
 
 Phrygia, remarkable for its winding. 
 MEASURE, s. Standard of measurement; degree, or quantity; 
 
 means ; musical time ; metre. F. mesure : L. mensura : mensus, 
 
 part, of metior, to measure : G. metreo. 
 MECHANICS, s. The science of the power and construction of ma- 
 chines. G. mechane, art. 
 MED'AL. s. A piece of metal, bearing a memorial of some meritorious 
 
 or remarkable performance ; and intended as a present to the 
 
 achiever. F. medaille : from the Saxon, med, signifying reward. 
 MEDAL'LION. s. Something resembling a medal. F. medallion. See 
 
 MEDAL. 
 ME'DIATE. v. To intercede. L. medius, middle ; — a mediator stands 
 
 between two persons. 
 ME'DIATELY. adv. By a secondary cause. See MEDIATE. 
 ME'DIATOR. s. An intercessor. See MEDIATE. 
 MEDICAL, adj. Relating to the art of healing. L. medicus : G. me- 
 
 deo, to govern. 
 MEDIOCRITY, s. Middle rate. L. mediocrilas : from medius, 
 
 m 
 
 iddle. 
 
 158 
 
MED— MER 
 
 MED'ITATE. v. To contemplate. L. meditor : G. medeo, to govern, 
 
 or take care of. 
 ME'DIUM. s. Anything intervening; a middle degree ; means. L. 
 
 medium, the middle. 
 MEL'ANCHOLY. s. A disease, arising from a heavy state of the 
 
 blood ; a gloomy, pensive temper. G. melanos, gen. of melas, black, 
 
 and chole, bile. 
 ME'LIORATE. v. To improve ; to ameliorate. L. melior, better. 
 MELLIF'EROUS. adj. Producing honey. L. mellifer : mel, honey, 
 
 and fero, to bring. 
 MELLIFLUOUS, adj. Sweetly flowing. L. mel, honey, and fluo, to 
 
 flow. 
 MEL'LOW. adj. Pleasingly ripe ; soft. L. mel, honey. 
 MEL'ODY. s. Sweetness of musical sound. G. melodia : from meli, 
 
 honey, and ode, a song. Musical harmony relates to the agreement 
 
 of sounds. 
 MEM'BRANE. s. A delicate web used in the human structure. L. 
 
 membrana, a film. 
 MEMEN'TO. v. Remember ; s. a memorial. L. memento, remember ; 
 
 imper. of the defective v. memini. 
 MEM'OIR. s. A familiarly written history. F. memoire : L. memoro, 
 
 to remember. 
 MEMORAN'DUM. s. A note to aid the memory. L. memorandum, to 
 
 be remembered ; part, of memoro, to remember. 
 MEMO'RIAL. s. A monument; a remembrancer ; a written address, 
 
 such as reminds of services and solicits a reward ; a remonstrance. 
 
 F. memorial: L. memorialis : memoro, to remember. 
 MEM'ORY. s. The faculty of recollecting things past; recollection. 
 
 L. memoria : from memoro, to remember. 
 MEN' ACE. v. To threaten. F. menacer : G. menio, to be angry. 
 MENAGE', or MENAGERIE, s, A place for wild animals. F. from 
 
 menager, to manage, or take care of. 
 MENDACITY, s. Falsehood. L. mendax, lying. 
 MEN'DICANT. adj. Begging. L. mendicans, part, of mendico, to 
 
 beg. 
 MENDICITY, s. The state of a beggar. See MENDICANT. 
 ME'NIAL. adj. Belonging to the retinue or train of common or low 
 
 servants ; befitting a servant. According to Blackstone, menial ser- 
 vants are so called, because being intra m&nia ; within the walls, or 
 
 domestics. 
 MEN'SAL. adj. Relating to the table. L. mensalis : mensa, a table. 
 MENSTRUAL, adj. Monthly; relating to a menstruum. F. men- 
 strual : L. mensis, a month. 
 MENSURATION, s. The science or act of measuring. L. mensura, 
 
 a measure. See MEASURE. 
 MEN'TAL. adj. Intellectual. F. mentale : L. mentis, gen. of mens, 
 
 the mind. 
 MEN'TION. s. A hint ; a suggestion ; a brief notice or remark. L. 
 
 mentis, gen. of mens, the mind. 
 MEPHIT'IC. adj. Ill-smelling ; noxious. L. mephitis, a bad smell. 
 MER'CANTILE. adj. Commercial. L. mercans, part, of mercor, to 
 
 buy. 
 
 159 
 
MER-MET 
 
 MERCENARY, adj. Venal; hired; too studious of recompense. L. 
 
 mercenaries : from merces, wages. 
 MER/CER. s. A dealer in cloths. F. merrier: L. mercor, to buy. 
 MER'CHANT. s. One who traffics. F. marchand : L. mercans : mer- 
 cor, to purchase. 
 MER'CY. s. Tenderness ; goodness ; pity, &,c. F. merci : L. miseri- 
 
 tus, part, of miserccor, to pity. 
 MERETRICIOUS, adj. Alluring by false show. L. meretricius : 
 
 from meretrix, a harlot. 
 MERCURY, s. Quicksilver. L. Mercurius, called, in English, Mer- 
 cury ; the most subtle of all the heathen gods. 
 MERGE, v. To unite; to be included. L. mergo, to immerse. 
 MERID'IAN. s. The point of noon ; a geographical line,drawn from 
 
 north to south, and passing through all tho?e places which have noon 
 
 at the same time. F. meridien : L. meridies, noon ; probably, from 
 
 medius, middle, and dies, a day. 
 MERTT. s. Desert. L. meritum : from mereo, to earn. 
 MER'MAID. s. An animal resembling the human form, said to exist 
 
 in the sea. F. mer, the sea, and maid. 
 MERSION. s. The act of sinking or plunging below the surface. L. 
 
 mersio : from mersum, sup. of mergo, to plunge. 
 MESSAGE, s. An errand ; any thing committed to another, to be 
 
 told to a third. F. message : L. missus, p. part, of mitto, to send. 
 MES'SIEURS. s. Sirs; gentlemen. F. plural of monsieur, sir. 
 MESSUAGE, s. (Pronounced mess-wage.) In law, the house and 
 
 ground set apart for domestic uses; also a garden, shop, mill, &c. 
 
 Law L. messuagium : supposed to be derived from mansio. See 
 
 MANSION. 
 MET'ALLURGY. s. The art of working or preparing metals. L. 
 
 metallum, metal, and G. ergon, work. 
 METAMORPHOSE, v. To change the form. G.metamorphoo: comp. 
 
 of meta, against, and morphe, form. 
 MET'APHOR. s. A similitude; a simile, usually comprised in one 
 
 word. G. metaphora : meta, signifying from one place, or thing, to 
 
 another, and phoreo, to carry. 
 MET'APHRASE. s. A strict, verbal translation. G. metaphrasis : 
 
 meta, signifying from one place, or thing, to another, and phrasis, a 
 
 phrase. 
 METAPHYSICS, s. That part of philosophy which considers the 
 
 nature and properties of thinking beings, &c. G. metaphusike ; from 
 
 meta, through, and phusis, nature, 
 MET'APLASM. s. In grammar, a transmutation or change made in 
 
 a word, by transposing or retrenching a syllable or letter. G. mcta- 
 
 plas?nos : meta, over, and plasso, to form. 
 METAS'TASIS. s. Translation or removal. G. metastasis : from 
 
 meta, across or opposite to, and stasis, a situation. 
 METE. v. To measure. L. metior : G. metreo, to measure. 
 METEMPSYCHOSIS, s. Transmigration of the soul from one body 
 
 to another. G. metempsuchosis : from meta, from one place to an- 
 other, and psuche, the soul. 
 ME'TEOR. s. A transitory body passing through the air. G. meteora : 
 
 from meta, from one place to another, and aeiro, to raise. 
 
 160 
 
MET— MIL 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL, adj. Relating to the doctrine of meteors ; and 
 to the changes of weather. Meteor, and G. logos, a description. 
 
 METH'OD. s. The placing of several things, or performing several 
 operations, in the most convenient manner; mode, or manner. G. 
 methodos : meta, with, and odos, a way. 
 
 METONYMY, s. A rhetorical figure, founded on the several relations 
 of cause and effect, container and contained, sign and thing signi- 
 fied : as, when we say, "he is reading Locke," the cause is put for 
 the effect : meaning, " the works of Locke. 1 " G. metonumia : meta, 
 against, and onoma, a name. 
 
 ME'TRE, s. Language confined to a. certain number, and harmonic 
 disposition, of syllables; verse. G. metron, a measure. 
 
 METROL'OGY. s. A discourse on measures or mensuration. G. 
 metron, measure, and logos, discourse. 
 
 METROP'OLIS. $. A chief city. L. metropolis : G. meter, a mother, 
 and polls, a city. 
 
 METROPOLITAN, s. An archbishop. G. from metropolis : sup- 
 posing that the chief city was the principal see. 
 
 MEUM AND TUUM. Mine and yours: — a technical expression, 
 used to mark the distinction of property, as belonging to one person 
 or another. L. 
 
 MIAS'MA. s. Contagious effluvia, arising from distempered or poison- 
 ous bodies. G. miasma : from miaino, to infect. 
 
 MICOG'RAPHY. s. The description of objects too small to be discern- 
 ed without the aid of a microscope. G. mikros, small, and grapho, to 
 write. 
 
 MICROCOSM, s. The little world. Man is so called, from a fanciful 
 analogy to the world itself. G. ?nikros, little, and kosmos, the world. 
 
 MICROM'ETER. s. An instrument for measuring small spaces. G. 
 mikros, small, and metreo, to measure. 
 
 MICROSCOPE, s. An instrument for viewing small objects. G. 
 mikros, small, and skopeo, to view. 
 
 MI'GRATE. v. To remove to another country. L. migro, to shift the 
 habitation. 
 
 MIL^ s. The Roman mile was called mille passus, a thousand paces 
 or sxeps, each about five feet ; hence, the English mile, though it 
 contains 1760 yards. 
 
 MILTARY. adj. In medical language, means small, resembling a 
 millet-seed : a miliary fever produces small eruptions. F. miliaire : 
 L. milium, a millet-seed. 
 
 MILITANT, adj. Fighting; engaged in spiritual warfare. L. mill- 
 tans, part, of milito, to go a fighting: from ?niles, a soldier. 
 
 MILTTARY. adj. Belonging to the profession of a soldier; relating 
 to war. L. militaris : from miles, a soldier. 
 
 MILI'TIA. s. Citizens and peasantry trained for national defence. L. 
 militia, soldiery; from miles, a soldier. 
 
 MILL. s. In the federal, arithmetic of the United States of America, 
 a mill is the thousandth part of a dollar. F. mille: L. mille, a thou- 
 sand. 
 
 MTLLEN'NIUM. s. A thousand years; a certain period of time, an- 
 ticipated by some Christians. L. mille, a thousand, and annus, a 
 year. 
 
 o* - 161 
 
MIL— MIS 
 
 MILLESIMAL, adj. Relating to, or containing a thousand. L. mil- 
 lesimus ; from mille, a thousand. 
 
 MIL'LIGRAM. s. In the system of French weights and measures, 
 the thousandth part of a grain. L. mille, a thousand, and gramma, 
 a grain. 
 
 MILLIM'ETER. s. A French lineal measure, containing the thou- 
 sandth part of a meter. L. mille, a thousand, and metrum, a measure. 
 
 MIM'IC. s. A ludicrous, or servile imitator. L. mimicus : G. mimos, 
 an imitator. 
 
 MIN'ATORY. adj. Threatening. L. minor, to threaten. 
 
 MINCE, v. To cut or chop into very small pieces. L. minuo, to 
 lessen. 
 
 MINERAL'OGY. s. The science of minerals: coinp. of the Eng. mi- 
 neral, and G. logos, a description. 
 
 MIN'IATURE. s. A representation in a small compass. F. miniature. 
 This word, in accordance with the size of the painting, &c, appears 
 to come from the L. minvo, to lessen ; but, in relation to its ortho- 
 graphy, and to the mode of execution, the French word may have 
 been derived from miniatus, part, of the L. minio, to colour with 
 vermilion. 
 
 MINIMUM, s. The lowest rate; opposed to maximum. L. minimum, 
 (neuter of minimus,) the superl. of parvus, little ; compar. minor, 
 less ; superl. minimus, least. 
 
 MINTON. s. A court-favourite ; a mean dependant. F. mignon, a 
 darling. 
 
 MINISTER, s. An agent ; one who acts under another ; a clergyman, 
 or high civil officer. L. minister, a servant, or assistant : minor, less. 
 
 MINISTER, v. To attend ; to manage ; to perform ; to supply. L. 
 minisiro. See the noun. 
 
 MI'NOR. adj. Petty ; less ; smaller. L. minor, less. 
 
 MI'NOR. s. One under the age when he can lawfully manage his own 
 affairs. L. minor, less, or younger. 
 
 MINOTAUR, s. A monster imagined by the poets, half man and 
 half bull. L. Minotaurus : from Minos, a king of Crete, and taurus, 
 a bull. See Ovid's Metamorphoses. 
 
 MI'NUS. s. Less ; insufficient ; in electricity, opposed to plus. L. 
 minus, less. 
 
 MINUTE', adj. Small ; precise. L. minutus, diminished ; from mi- 
 nuo, to lessen. 
 
 MINUTE, s. The sixtieth part of an hour. L. minutus. See MI- 
 NUTE'. 
 
 MINUTE, v. To record briefly. See MINUTE'. 
 
 MINU'TIiE. s. Minute parts ; trifles. L. pi. of minutia : minutus,^. 
 part, of minuo, to make less ; minor, less. 
 
 MIR'ACLE. s. A wonder; something above human power. F. mira- 
 cle : L. miracuhim : from miror, to wonder. 
 
 MIR'ROR. s. A looking-glass. F.miroir: L. miror, to admire. 
 
 MIS'ANTHROPE. s One disgusted with mankind. G. misanthropos : 
 miseo, to hate, and antkropos, a man. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS, adj. Various. L. miscellaneus ; from misceo, 
 to mix. 
 
 MIS'CIBLE. adj. Possible to be mingled. L. misceo, to mix. 
 
 182 
 
MIS— MOL 
 
 MIS'CREANT. s. Now signifies a vile wretch : it anciently denoted 
 
 an unbeliever, or one who worshipped false gods : — modern F. mis- 
 creant ; old F. mescroyantz. 
 MI'SER. s. Originally, signified a wretched or unhappy person, in 
 
 general ; but now, means one who is extremely covetous of money, 
 
 and wretched from the fear of poverty. L. miser, wretched. 
 MISERABLE, adj. Wretched. F. miserable. See MISER. 
 MISNO'MER. s. In law, signifies a wrong name. F. from mis, de- 
 noting error, and worn, a name. 
 MISOG'AMIST. s, A marriage-hater. G. miseo, to hate, and garnos, 
 
 marriage. 
 MISPRISION, s. In law, signifies neglect, negligence, or oversight. 
 
 Old F. mespriser, to disdain ; or mesprendre, to mistake. 
 MIS'SILE. adj. Thrown ; designed to be thrown. L. missilis ; from 
 
 missus, p. part, of mitto, to send. 
 MIS'SION. s. Commission ; the office of persons commissioned or 
 
 employed. L. missio ; from missus, p. part, of mitto, to send. 
 MITIGATE, v. To assuage ; to soften. L. mitigo; from mitis, meek. 
 MI'TRE. s. A bishop's crown. L. mitra, a bonnet, or turban. 
 MITTIMUS, s. A magistrate's order for imprisonment. L. mittimus, 
 
 we send ; being the first word in the old Latin writs. 
 MIXTILIN'EAR. s. Consisting of a line, or lines, partly straight and 
 
 partly curved. L. mixtus, mixed, and linealis. See LINEAL. 
 MNEMON'ICS. s. The science of artificial memory. G. mnemonikes, 
 
 relating- to the memory : mnaomai, to remember. 
 MOBILITY, s. Capacity of being moved; activity; in cant language, 
 
 the populace. F. mobilite : L. mobilitas : moveo, to move. 
 MOCK. v. To imitate in an ill-natured and vulgar manner ; to laugh 
 
 at ; to tantalize ; to defeat. F. moquer : G. mokao, to laugh at. 
 MODE. s. Manner; method; form; fashion. F. mode : L. modus, a 
 
 due proportion, method, manner. 
 MODEL, s. A pattern. F. modele : L. modulus, a little measure. 
 
 See MODE. 
 MOD'ERATE. adj. Not excessive; temperate; middling. L. mode- 
 
 ratus. See MODE. 
 MOD'ERN. adj. According to the present mode ; in conformity with 
 
 the present mode ; recent ; not ancient. F. moderne. See MODE. 
 MOD'EST. s. Having a proper deportment; not impudent; chaste. 
 
 F. modeste: L. modestus : modus, a measure, a due proportion. 
 MOD'IFY. v. To shape, so as to fit or conform to another thing ; to 
 
 qualify. F. modifier: L. modus, a manner, and facio, to make. See 
 
 MODE. 
 MOD' UL ATE. v. To form sound to a certain key, or to certain notes. 
 
 L. modulor ; from modulus, a measure : modus, a rule. 
 MO' DUS. s. A due proportion, neither more nor less ; measure ; lim- 
 its ; rule. L. 
 MO DUS OPERANDI. The , method or manner of operating. L. 
 
 modus, a method, operandi, (gerund, of operor,) of working. 
 MOI'ETY. s. Half. F. moitiiijirom moyen, the middle. 
 MOLE'CULE. s. The molecules of bodies are those ultimate particles 
 
 which cannot be decomposed by any chemical means. F. moUcule, 
 
 a dimin. formation, from the L. moles, a mass. 
 
 163 
 
MOL— MON 
 
 MOLEST', v. To disturb, or vex. F. molester : L. molestia, trouble s 
 
 moles, a mass, or heap. 
 MOL'LIENT. adj. Softening-. L, molliens, part, of niollio, to soften, 
 MOL'LIFY. v. To soften. L. mollis, soft, and Jio, to be- made. 
 MO'MENT. s. Force; importance; consequence; indivisible particle 
 
 of time. L. momentum: moveo, to move. 
 MOMEN'TOUS. adj. Important ; of consequence. L. momentosus. 
 
 See MOxMENT. 
 MON'ACHISM. s. State of a monk. F. See MONK. 
 MONAN'DRIA. s. A genus of plants, distinguished by one male sta- 
 mina. G. monos, single, and andria, virility. 
 MON' ARCH. s. An emperor, or a king. G. monarchos ; from monos, 
 
 alone, and arche, government. 
 MONASTERY, s. A habitation for monks. L. monasterium : G. 
 
 monos, alone. 
 MONI'TION. s. Advice. L. monitio ; from moneo, to advise. G. 
 
 monos, alone ; that is, in private. 
 MON' ITOR. s. One who gives advice; a scholar appointed to watch 
 
 over his fellows. L. monitor ; from moneo, to advise. 
 MONK. s. A man secluded in a monastery. Derived, through the 
 
 Saxon, from the G. monachos, solitary ; monos, alone. 
 MON'OCHORD. s. A musical instrument, of one string. G. monos, 
 
 alone, and chorde, a chord. 
 MONODY, s. A poem in which only one person is introduced as 
 
 speaking. G. monos, alone, and ode, a song. 
 MONOG'AMY. s. Marriage of one wife ; opposed to polygamy. G. 
 
 monos, one, and gameo, to marry. 
 MONOLOGUE, s. A soliloquy. G. monos, alone, and logos, a word, 
 
 or speech. 
 MONOM'ACHY. s. A duel, a single combat. G. monomachia : monos, 
 
 alone, and mache, combat. 
 MONOPET'ALOUS. adj. Having only one petal. G. monos, only, 
 
 and petalon, a flower-leaf. 
 MONOP OL1ZE. v. To engross. G. monos, alone, and poleo, to 
 
 sell. 
 MONOP'TOTE. s. A noun used only in one oblique case. G. monos, 
 
 one, and ptosis, a case. 
 MONOSYL'LABLE. s. A word of one syllable. G. monos, one, and 
 
 syllable. 
 MONOSTROPHTC. adj. Having only one strophe; not varied in 
 
 measure. G. monos, only, and strophe, a turning. 
 MONOT'ONY. s. Disagreeable repetition of the same sound. G. 
 
 monotonia : monos, one, and tonos, a tone or note. 
 MONSTER, s. The primary meaning of this word was, something 
 
 ominous ; something which w 7 as supposed to show or foretel ; as, an 
 
 eclipse of the sun, a comet, or an unusual colour of the moon : but, 
 
 the word Monster now denotes something formed contrary to the 
 
 general rules of nature, or any th|^ extremely large. F. monstre : 
 
 L. monstrum : monstro, to show. 
 MON'UMENT. s. Any thing by which the memory of persons or 
 
 things is preserved. L. monumentum ; from moneo, to bring to re- 
 
 membrance. 
 
 164 
 
MOO— MUL 
 
 MOOD, or MODE. s. Manner; a term of logic and of grammar. See 
 
 MODE. 
 MOR'AL. adj. Relating to human conduct; proper; honest. L. mo- 
 
 ralis ; from maris, gen. of mos, a manner. 
 MOR'BID. adj. Diseased; sickly. L. morbidus ; from morbus, a 
 
 di?ease. 
 MORBIF'IC. adj. Causing disease. F. morbifique : L. morbus, a 
 
 disease, and facio, to make. 
 MOR'DANT. s. A substance, such as alum, or iron, which has a 
 
 chemical affinity for another substance ; and with which cloth or 
 
 yarn is prepared before dyeing. F. mordant, sharp, acrid ; from 
 
 mordre, to bite : L. mordeo. 
 MOROSE', adj. Peevish; sullen. L. morosus ; from mordeo, to 
 
 bite. 
 MOR'SEL. s. A mouthful ; a piece ; a meal. L. morsus ; from the 
 
 p. part, of mordeo, to bite. 
 MOR'TAL. adj. Subject to death ; causing death. L. morlalis ; from 
 
 mors, death. 
 MORT'GAGE. s. Security on lands, &c, by the terms of which, the 
 
 land pledged for the repayment of money borrowed, is, in law, in 
 
 case of non-payment at the time limited, for ever dead and gone from 
 
 the mortgagor. F. mort, dead, and gage, a pledge. 
 MORTIF'EROUS. adj. Causing death. L. mortiferus : mortis, gen. 
 
 of mors, death. 
 MORTIFY, v. To destroy the vital principle ; to subdue inordinate 
 
 passions ; to vex. F. mortijier : L. mors, death, and facio, to make, 
 
 or cause. 
 MORT'MAIN. s. Such a state of possession as makes it unalienable ; 
 
 whence, it is said to be in a dead hand. F. morte, dead, and main, 
 
 a hand. 
 MORTUARY, s. A sort of ecclesiastical heriot ; a burial-place. F. 
 
 mortuaire : L. mortis, gen. of mors, death. 
 MO'TIVE. s. That which incites. L. motivus : moto, to move. 
 MU'CILAGE. s. A slimy or gummy substance. F. mucilage. See 
 
 MUCUS. 
 MUCILAGINOUS, adj. Having the quality of mucilage : from mu- 
 cilage, and the L. genus, a sort. 
 MUCOUS, adj. Viscous ; slimy. See MUCUS. 
 MU'CULENT. adj. Viscous; slimy. See MUCUS. 
 MUCUS, s. That which issues from the nose ; a viscous fluid. L. 
 MULCT, v. To punish by fine. L. mulcto, to fine. 
 MULCTUARY. adj. Imposing a fine. See MULCT. 
 MULIEB'RITY. s. Womanhood ; the state of being a woman, corre- 
 sponding with virility in man. L. mulier, woman. 
 MULTIFARIOUS, adj. Having great diversity ; various. L. multi- 
 
 fcr; comp. of multus, many, and fero, to bear. 
 MUL'TIFORM. adj. Having various forms. L. multiformis; from 
 
 multus, many, and forma, a shape. 
 MULTILATERAL, adj. Having many sides. L. from multus, many, 
 
 and latus, a side. 
 MULTIP'AROUS. adj. Producing many at a birth. L. multiparus ; 
 
 from multus, many, and pario, to bring forth young. 
 
 165 
 
MUL— MYT 
 
 MUL'TIPEDE. s. An insect with many feet. L. multipeda ; from 
 multus, many, and pedes, pi. of pes, a foot. 
 
 MUL'TIPLY. v. To increase; to find the product of arithmetical fac- 
 tor?. L. multiplico ; from multus, many, and plico, to fold. 
 
 MUL'TITUDE. s. A great number ; the vulgar. L. muitilvdo : mul- 
 tus, many. 
 
 MUL'TUM IN PAR'VO. Much in little space. L. multum, neuter 
 of multus, much, in, in, par vo, abl. of parvus, little. 
 
 MUM'MERY. s. Masking, sport, farcical show. F. momerie : from 
 Mo?nus, the god of sport and ridicule. 
 
 MUN'DANE. adj. Belonging to the world. L. mundanus ; from 
 mundus, the world. 
 
 MUNICIPAL, adj. Belonging or relating to a corporation. L. muni- 
 cipalis ; from municipium, a privileged city, — munus, a gift, and 
 capio, to hold. 
 
 MUNIFICENCE, s. Splendid liberality. L. munijicentia ; from mu- 
 nus, a gift, and facto, to make. 
 
 MUNI'TION. s. Ammunition; materials for war. L. muniiio ; from 
 munio, to strengthen. 
 
 MURAL, adj. Pertaining to a wall. L. muralis ; from murus, a wall. 
 
 MU'RIATES. s. Salts formed by the combination of any base with 
 muriatic acid. See MURIATIC. 
 
 MURIATTC. adj. Having a chemical basis of salt. L. muria, salt 
 water. 
 
 MUSETJM. s. A repository of curiosities. L. museum : G. mouseion, 
 a place dedicated to the Muses : from mousa, a Muse. 
 
 MUSIC, s. Instrumental or vocal harmony. L. musica : G. mousike ; 
 from mousa, a Muse. 
 
 MU'TABLE. adj. Changeable; inconstant. L. mutabilis ; from muto, 
 to change. 
 
 MUTATIS MUTANDIS. After making the necessary changes: 
 (inflections of the L. muto, to change.) 
 
 MUTE. adj. Silent. L. mutus : G. muttos ; from muo, to shut. 
 
 MUTILATE, v. To deprive of some essential part. L. mutilo : muto, 
 to change, or transform. 
 
 MU'TINY. v. To form a plan of insurrection ; to rise against autho- 
 rity. F. mutiner : L. mutus, silent ; because mutinies are organized 
 in silence. See MUTE. 
 
 MUT'TON. s. The flesh of a sheep. F. mouton, a sheep. 
 
 MUTUAL, adj. Reciprocal. L. muluus ; from muto, to change. 
 
 MYRTAD. s. Ten thousand ; a vast number. G. murias, ten thousand. 
 
 MYR'MIDON. s. A ruffian ; a mercenary bravo. G. murmedon ; from 
 the Myrmidones, a people who followed Achilles to the Trojan war. 
 
 MYS'TERY. s. Something shut or hidden from the knowledge of the 
 people, and known only by the ancient priests ; something beyond 
 human comprehension. L. mysterium : G. musterion : muo, to shut. 
 
 MYS'TIC, or MYSTICAL, adj. Sacredly obscure, as distinguished 
 from mysterious, which applies to common obscurities ; secret ; em- 
 blematical. L. mysiicus. See MYSTERY. 
 
 MYTHOL'OGY. s. System of fables; explication of the fabulous his- 
 tory of heathen gods. F. mylhologie : G. muthos, a fable, (from muo, 
 to shut,) and logos, a description. 
 
 166 
 
NAR— NEM 
 
 N, 
 
 NARCOT'IC. adj. Promoting sleep. G. narko-o, to stupify. 
 
 NARRA'TE. v. To relate. L. narro, to tell. 
 
 NASAL, adj. Relating to the nose. L. nasus, the nose. 
 
 NAS CENT. adj. Rising into existence. L. nascens, part, of nascor, 
 
 to be born. 
 NA'TAL. adj. Native; relating to nativity. L. natalis; from naius, 
 
 part, of nascor, to be born. 
 NA'TION. s. A people, distinguished from another people, by place 
 
 of birth, &c. F. nation : L. natio. See NATAL. 
 NATIVE, adj. Produced by nature ; natural ; relating to the place 
 
 of birth, or production : s. one born in a particular country. L. na- 
 
 tivus. See NATAL. 
 NATURE, s. The native state or properties of any thing; an imagi- 
 nary being, supposed to preside over the material and animal world. 
 
 L. natura ; from natus, part, of nascor, to be born. 
 NAUS'EOUS. adj. Loathsome. L. nauseosus : G. nausia, sea-sick- 
 
 ness ; from naus, a ship. 
 NAUTICAL, adj. Relating to sailors ; naval. G. nautikos ; from 
 
 naus, a ship. 
 NAVAL, adj. Relating to ships ; pertaining to a navy. L. navalis. 
 
 See NAVY. 
 NAVIGATE, v. To pass by water ; to steer. L. navigo ; from navis, 
 
 a ship, and ago, to move. 
 NAV'Y. s. A national fleet. L. navis, a ship. G. naus ; from nao, to 
 
 glide. 
 NEBULOUS, adj. Cloudy ; misty. L. nebulosus : G. nephos, a cloud. 
 NE'CESSARY. adj. Needlul; essential. L. necessarius ; from ne, not, 
 
 and cessum, sup. of cedo, to depart, or resign. 
 NECROMANCER, s. One who pretends to converse with the dead ; 
 
 a conjurer. G. nekros, dead, and mantis, a prophet. 
 NECTAR, s. A delightful drink. G. nektar, the fabled beverage of 
 
 the gods. 
 NEFA'RIOUS. adj. Highly criminal; abominable. L. nefarius ; from 
 
 nefas, a wicked action : which is from ne, not, and /as, right. 
 NEGATIVE, adj. Not affirmative ; not positive. L. negativus ; from 
 
 nego, to deny : ne, not, and ago, to do. 
 NEGLECT', v. To omit by heedlessness ; to slight. L. neglectum, 
 
 sup. of negligo : nee, not, and lego, to choose. 
 NEGLIGE' E. s. A sort of gown, worn as an undress. F. neglige, 
 
 part, of negliger, to neglect. 
 NEGLIGENCE, s. Habit of neglect; carelessness. F. negligence. 
 
 See NEGLECT. 
 NEGOTIATE, v. To traffic ; to treat. L. negoiium, time of business ; 
 
 comp. of nee, not, and otium, leisure. 
 NE'GRO. s. A black man. Spanish, negro: Li. niger, black. 
 NEM. CON. An abbreviation of nemine contradieente ; " no person 
 
 opposing or disagreeing." L. nemo, no one, and oontradico, to speak 
 
 against. 
 NEM. DISS. An abbreviation of nemine dissentiente, and expressing 
 
 167 
 
NEO— NOL 
 
 the same meaning as nem. con. L. nemo, no one, and dissentio, to 
 
 disagree in opinion. 
 NEOL'OGISM. s. A new mode of expression. G. neos, new, and logos, 
 
 a word. 
 NE'OPHYTE. s. One regenerated ; a convert ; a novice. G. neos, 
 
 new, and phuton, a plant. 
 NEPHRIT'IC. adj. Belonging to the organs of urine; troubled with 
 
 the stone; remedial against the stone. G. nephritikos ; from nephros, 
 
 a rein or kidney. 
 NEPHROTOMY:, s. The operation of opening the kidneys; the ope- 
 
 ration of cutting for the stone. G. nephros, a kidney, and temno, to 
 
 cut. 
 NE PLUS ULTRA. Utmost degree. L. we, not, plus, more, vltra, 
 
 beyond. 
 NEPOTISM, s. Fondness for nephews. F. nepotisme : L. nepos, a 
 
 nephew. 
 NES'CIENCE. s. Ignorance. L. nesciens, part, of nescio, to be igno- 
 rant: ne, not, and scio, to know. 
 NEUROL OGY. s. Description of the nerves. G. neuron, a nerve, and 
 
 logos, a description. 
 NEUROT'OMY. s. The anatomy of the nerves. G. neuron, a nerve, 
 
 and temno, to cut. 
 NEU'TER. adj. Neutral; indifferent; neither masculine nor feminine. 
 „ L. neuter, neither. 
 NEU'TRAL. adj. Indifferent ; not concerned in a war between other 
 
 states ; chemically inactive. L. neutralis. See NEUTER. 
 NID'IFICATION. s. The act of building nests. L. nidus, a nest, and 
 
 facio, to make. 
 NID ULATION. s. The time of remaining in the nest. L. nidulatus, 
 
 p. part, of nidulor, to sit on a brood : nidus, a nest. 
 NIGRESCENT, adj. Growing black. L. nigrescens ; part, of nigresco : 
 
 niger, black. 
 NI'SI-PRI'US. In England, a judicial writ, by which a sheriff is to 
 
 assemble a jury at Westminster Hall, on a certain day ; unless, be- 
 
 fore that day, the king's judges go into the sheriff's county, to deter- 
 mine causes. This intention may now be considered as a mere 
 
 fiction. L. nisi, unless, prius, before. 
 NI'TROGEN. s. The principle of nitre ; the chief ingredient of atmo- 
 spheric air. L. nitrum, nitre, and G. gennao, to generate. 
 NIVEOUS, adj. Snowy; resembling snow. L. niveus : nivis, gen. 
 
 of nix, snow. 
 NO'BLE. adj. Of an ancient and illustrious family; great; worthy; 
 
 exalted. F. noble : L. nobilis ; from notus, (part, of nosco,) known. 
 NOCTAM'BULIST. s. One who walks in his sleep. L. noctis, gen. 
 
 of nox, night, and ambulo, to walk about. 
 NOC'TUARY. s. An account of what passes in the night. L. noctis, 
 
 gen. of nox, night. 
 NOCTURNAL, adj. In the night. L. nocturnus ; from nox, night. 
 NO' LENS VO'LENS. Willing or unwilling. L. nolens, (part, of 
 
 nolo,) unwilling; and volens, (part, of volo,) willing: the conjunction, 
 
 signifying or, is understood, and the order of the Latin is inverted in 
 
 the English translation. 
 
 168 
 
NOL— NOT 
 
 NOLLE PROSEQUI. To be unwilling to proceed ; a form used in 
 law, when the plaintiff declines proceeding- further; or when the 
 Attorney- General wishes to withdraw a prosecution. L. nolle, to be 
 unwilling, prosequi, to proceed, or prosecute : from nolo, and prosc- 
 quor. 
 
 NOMENCLATURE, s. Mode of giving names; a vocabulary. L. 
 nomenclatura : nomen, a name. 
 
 NOMINAL, adj. Referring to names, rather than things ; titular ; not 
 real. L. nominalis ; from nomen, a name. 
 
 NOMTNATE. v. To appoint by name. L. nomino, from nomen, a 
 name. 
 
 NOMTNATIVE. s. First case in grammar. L. nominativus ; from 
 nomen, a name ; because it primarily displays the original word, or 
 name of any thing. 
 
 NONAGE, s. Minority of years. L. non, not, and age. 
 
 NON'AGON. s, A figure having nine sides and nine angles. L. nonus, 
 nine, and G. gonia, an angle. 
 
 NON ASSUMPSIT. He did not assume, or undertake ; a plea, in 
 law, opposed to assumpsit. L. 
 
 NONCHALANCE', s. Carelessness ; supineness ; indifference. F. 
 
 NON COMPOS MENTIS. Not of sound mind ; a phrase opposed 
 to compos mentis. L. 
 
 NONCONDUCTOR, s. In philosophy, that which does not conduct 
 the electric fluid, heat, sound, &c. L. non, not, and conductor. 
 
 NONCONFORMIST, s. A dissenter. L. non, not, and conform. 
 
 NONEN'TITY. s. A creature of the imagination. L. non, not, and 
 ens, a being. 
 
 NONES, s. Certain days of the Roman Kalendar,— the 7th day of 
 March, May, July, and October, and the 5th of the remaining 
 months. L. nonce : novem, nine. The nones were so called, because 
 they reckoned nine days from the ides : the ides were generally 
 about the middle of the month. 
 
 NON ESI 1 INVENTUS. In law, signifies, " he has not been found :" 
 the phrase is familiarly used to denote a sudden disappearance, or 
 concealment. L. est, he is, non, not, inventus, found: {non, sum, and 
 invenior.) 
 
 NONEXISTENCE, s. Negation of existence ; a thing not existing. 
 L. non, not, and existence. 
 
 NONFEA'SANCE. s. The omission to do a lawful act. L. non, not, 
 and Y.faisant, p. part, of fair e, to do. 
 
 NONJUROR, s. One who refuses to swear allegiance. L. non, not, 
 and juro, to swear. 
 
 NONPAREIL', s. That which cannot be matched; excellence un- 
 equalled. F. non, not, and pareil, a match : L. non, and par. 
 
 NON'PLUS. s. Inability to proceed; a low word. L. non, not, and 
 plus, more. 
 
 NON'SUIT. v. To deprive of the benefit of a legal process, in conse- 
 quence of some failure in the management. L. non, not, and suit. 
 
 NOSOL'OGY. s. Doctrine of diseases. G. nosos, a disease, and logos, 
 a discourse. 
 
 NOT A BENE, or N. B. "Observe this particularly." N. B. is often 
 p 169 
 
NOT— NUM 
 
 used instead of P. S. or postscript ; but a careful writer will avoid 
 this impropriety. L. nota, (imper. of noto,) mark, bene, well. 
 
 NOT' ABLE. adj. Remarkable. — (vulgarly, careful.) L. nolabilis ; 
 from noto, to mark. 
 
 NO'TARY. s. An official recorder. L. notarius ; from noto, to mark. 
 
 NOTATION, s. The art of recording or describing by scientific 
 marks, as in arithmetic and music. L. notaiio ; from noto, to 
 mark. 
 
 NOTE. v. To observe ; to record. L. noto, to mark. 
 
 NO'TIFY. v. To make known. L. notijico ; comp. of notus, known, 
 (p. part, of nosco,) and facio, to make. 
 
 NO'TION. s. Idea; conception of the mind ; sentiment; opinion. F. 
 notion ; from the L. notus, part, of nosco, to know. 
 
 NOTO'RIOUS. adj. Extensively known. (Used mostly in relation to 
 a bad action.) L. notorius ; from noto, to mark. 
 
 NOURTSH. v. To support by food ; to promote growth or strength ; 
 to encourage; to foment. F. nourrir : L. nutrio, to nurse. 
 
 NOVEL, adj. New and uncommon. L. novellus, dim. of novus, new. 
 
 NOVEM'BER. s. The eleventh month, formerly the ninth, when the 
 year began in March. L. novembris ; novem, nine. 
 
 NOVICE, s. An inexperienced person ; one who has entered a con- 
 vent, but has not yet taken the vow. F. novice : L. novus, new. 
 
 NOVI'TIATE. s. The state of a novice ; the time in which the rudi- 
 ments are learned ; the time spent in a religious house, by way of 
 trial, before the vow is made. F. noviciat : L. novitius, newly made. 
 See NOVICE. 
 
 NO' VUS HOMO. A term used to denote a man recently emerged 
 from obscurity, or from a state of comparative indigence. L. novus, 
 new, and homo, a man. 
 
 NOX'IOUS. adj. Hurtful. L. noxius ; from noceo, to hurt. 
 
 NU'BILE. adj. Marriageable. L. nubilis ; nubo, to marry. 
 
 NUCIFEROUS, adj. Nut-bearing. L. nucis, gen. of nux, a nut, and 
 fero, to bear. 
 
 NU'CLEUS. s. A kernel ; something about which matter is collected. 
 L. nucleus, a kernel. 
 
 NUDE. s. A female who exposes her person by the lightness or scan- 
 tiness of her dress. L. nudus, naked. 
 
 NU'DITY. s. Nakedness. F. nudite : L. nudus, naked. 
 
 NUGATORY, adj. Trifling ; futile ; insignificant. L. nugatorius ; 
 from nugor, to trifle. 
 
 NUIS'ANCE. s. Something noxious or offensive ; something that in- 
 commodes the neighbourhood. F. nuisance : L. nocens, part, of 
 noceo, to hurt. 
 
 NULL. adj. Of no force ; extinct. L. nullus, none. 
 
 NUMERAL, adj. Relating to number. F. numeral: L. numerus, a 
 number. 
 
 NUMER'ICAL. adj. Containing number ; relating to the number, but 
 not the quality. See NUMERAL. 
 
 NU'MEROUS. adj. Great in number ; many. L. numerosus ; from 
 
 * numerus, a number. 
 
 NUMISMAT'ICS. s. The science of coins and medals. L. numisma- 
 tis, gen. of numisma, money. 
 
 170 
 
NUN— OBL 
 
 NUNCU'PATIVE. adj. Verbally pronounced ; not written. L. nun- 
 cupates : from nuncio, to tell. 
 
 NUP'TIAL. adj. Relating to marriage. L. nuptialis ; from nubo, to 
 veil, because the Roman ladies were veiled at the time of mar- 
 riage. 
 
 NURSE, s. A woman that has the care of a child, or of a sick person ; 
 one who rears, educates, or protects. F. nourrice. See NOURISH. 
 
 NURTURE, v. To feed ; to bring to maturity ; to educate. F. nour- 
 riture, sustenance. See NURSE. 
 
 NUTATION, s. Act of nodding or inclining. L. nutatio ; nuto, to 
 nod. 
 
 NUTRIMENT, s. Food. L. nutrimentum ; from nutrio, to nurse. 
 
 NUTRI'TIOUS. adj. Nourishing. L. nutritius ; from nutrio, to nurse. 
 
 NYMPH, s. A goddess of the woods, meadows, or waters ; in poetry, 
 a young female. L. nympha : G. numphe, a bride. This sense does 
 not, however, accord either with the heathen, or the present applica- 
 tion of the word. 
 
 O. 
 
 OB'DURATE. adj. Hard of heart; stubborn; impenitent. L. obdura- 
 
 tus, part, of obduro ; ob, against, and duro, to harden. 
 OBE'DIENT. adj. Submissive to authority ; obsequious. L. obediens. 
 
 See OBEY. 
 OBEIS'ANCE. s. An act of submission, or reverence ; a bow, or 
 
 courtesy. F. obeisance. See OBEY. 
 OB'ELISK. s. A monument, generally of four sides, and pyramidical ; 
 
 a mark (t) referring to the margin. L. obeliscus : G. obeliskos, dim. 
 
 of obelos, a spit, or species of weapon used in war. 
 OBESITY, s. High degree of fatness. L. obesus, fat. 
 OBEY', v. To submit to authority ; to comply with. L. obeo, to go to, 
 
 or be ready at : ob, according to, and eo, to go. 
 O'BIIT. v. He (or she) died. L. obeo, to go to, or die. See OBEY. 
 OBTT'UARY. adj. Relating to the decease of a person, as an obituary 
 
 notice. F. obituaire : obeo, to die. 
 OB'JECT. s. Something thrown or placed before the eye ; something 
 
 in view; something acted upon. L. objectus, p. part, of objicio ; from 
 
 ob, before, or against, and jacio, to throw, or place. 
 OBJECT', v. To oppose ; (with to or against.) See the noun. 
 OBJECTIVE, adj. Relating to the object; s. the third case in the 
 
 majority of English grammars. See OB'JECT. 
 OBLATE', adj. Partaking of flatness. L. oblatus, (p. part, of qffero,) 
 
 struck, or forced : ob, against, and fero, to bear. 
 OBLA'TION. s. A religious sacrifice. L. oblatus, p. part, of qffero, to 
 
 offer. 
 OBLIGA'TION. s. Binding power; contract; duty; favour conferred. 
 
 L. obligatio. See OBLIGE. 
 OBLIGE, v. To bind ; to compel ; to do a kind action, and thus bind 
 
 the person favoured, by a lie of gratitude. F. obliger : L. obligo : 
 
 ob, according to, or by reason of, and ligo, to bind. 
 OBLIQUE', adj. Not direct ; not parallel ; not perpendicular. L. 06- 
 
 liquus ; from ob, against or, about and lictus, p. part, of linquo, to 
 
 leave, or forsake. 
 
 171 
 
OBL— OCC 
 
 OBLITERATE, v. To blot out ; to destroy. L. oblitero ; comp. of 
 
 ob, against, and litera, a letter. 
 OBLIVION, s. Forgetfulness ; amnesty. L. oblivio ; from oh, against, 
 
 and lavo, to wash. 
 OBLOQUY, s. Censure ; slander; reproach. L. obloquor, to reproach; 
 
 comp. of ob, against, and loquor, to speak. 
 OBNOXTOUS. adj. Injurious; considered with aversion. L. obnoxius : 
 
 ob, against, and ncceo, to hurt. 
 OBSCURE, adj. Dark; abstruse; little known. L. obscurus : G. 
 
 skieros, shady ; skia, a shadow. 
 OB'SEQUIES. s. Funeral solemnities. F. obseques ; from the L. ob. 
 
 sequium, attendance on some great person : obsequor, to follow. 
 OBSEQUIOUS, adj. Meanly compliant. L. obsequiosus ; from ob % 
 
 according to, and sequor, to follow. 
 OBSERVE', v. To watch ; to regard attentively; to note; to keep re- 
 ligiously. L. observo : ob, opposite to, and servio, to keep. 
 OBSERVAN'DA. s. Things to be observed. See OBSERVE. 
 OBSOLESCENT, adj. Growing obsolete. L. obsolescens, part, of ob- 
 
 solesco. See OBSOLETE. 
 OBSOLETE, adj. Disused. L. obsoletus ; from obsoleo : ob, against, 
 
 and soleo, to use. 
 OB'STACLE. s. Obstruction ; hindrance. F. obstacle : L. ob, against, 
 
 and sio, to stand. 
 OBSTETRIC, adj. Relating to midwifery. L. obstetrix, a midwife. 
 OB'S TINATE. adj. Stubborn. L. obstinalus, part, of obstino : comp. 
 
 of ob, against, and teneo, to hold. 
 OBSTRUCT', v. To place an obstacle in the way ; to impede; to hin- 
 der. L. obstruction, sup. of obstruo ; from ob, against, and struo, to 
 
 pile up. 
 OBTAIN', v. To gain; to acquire; to procure. L. obtineo: ob, against, 
 
 and teneo, to hold. 
 OBTRU'DE. v. To thrust one's-self in the way ; to offer intrusively. 
 
 L. obtrudo ; from ob, against, and trudo, to thrust. 
 OBTRU'SION. s. The act of obtruding. L. obtrusus, p. part, of ob- 
 trudo. See OBTRUDE. 
 OBTU'SE. adj. Blunt; — opposed to acute. L. obtusus, p. part, of ob. 
 
 tundo ; comp. of ob, against, and tundo, to beat; — that is, made blunt 
 
 by being beaten. 
 OB'VIATE. v. To avert or remove, by meeting the obstruction in its 
 
 way or passage. L. ob, against, and via, a way. 
 OB'VIOUS. adj. Easily perceived. L. obvius, meeting in the way ; 
 
 comp. of ob, against, and via, a way. 
 OCCA'SION. s. Occurrence ; incident ; opportunity. L. occasio ; from 
 
 ob, for, or against, and casus, a chance. 
 OCCIDENTAL, adj. Western. L. occidentalis : occidens, the west : 
 
 from occido, to fall down ; alluding to the setting of the sun. 
 OCCLU'SION. s. Act of shutting up. L. occlusio ; from ob, against, 
 
 and clausum, sup. of cloudo, to shut. 
 OCCULT', adj. Hidden ; abstruse. L. occultus, p. part, of occulo, to 
 
 hide. 
 OCCUPY, v. To hold. L. occupo ; comp. of ob, before, and capio, to 
 
 take. 
 
 172 
 
OCC— OLI 
 
 OCCUR', u. To enter into the mind ; to happen. L. occurro ; from ob, 
 
 against, and curro, to run. 
 OC'ELLATED. adj. Resembling the eye. L. ocellaius : oculus, an eye. 
 OCTAGON, s. A figure containing eight sides and angles. G. okto, 
 
 eight, and gonia, a corner. 
 OCTANGULAR, adj. Having eight angles. L. octo, eight, and an- 
 
 gulus, an angle. 
 OCTAVE, s. In music, an eighth, or an interval of eight sounds. L. 
 
 octavus, eight. 
 OCTA'VO. s. A book, each leaf of which is equal in size to the eighth 
 
 part of a sheet. L. a.bl. of octavus, the eighth. 
 OCTENNIAL, a J;'. Happening every eighth year; lasting eight 
 
 years. L. octo, eight, and annus, a year. 
 OCTO'BER. s. The tenth month ; formerly the eighth, when the year 
 
 began in March. L. October ; from octo, eight. 
 OCTUPLE, adj. Eight fold. L. octuplus ; from octo, eight. 
 OCULAR, adj. Relating to a perception by sight. F. oculaire : L. 
 
 oculus, an eye. 
 OCULIST, s. An eye-surgeon. L. oculus, an eye. 
 ODE. s. A poem intended to be sung. G. ode ; from aeido, to sing. 
 O'DIOUS. adj. Hateful; detestable. L. odiosus. See ODIUM. 
 O'DIUM. s. Quality of provoking dislike; disgrace. L. odium; from 
 
 odi, I have hated. 
 ODOM'ETER. s. An instrument for measuring the length of roads. 
 
 G. odos, a way, and metreo, to measure. 
 ODORIFEROUS, adj. Fragrant. L. odorifer ; from odor, scent, and 
 
 fero, to bring. 
 OFFEND', v. To displease; to transgress. L. offendo, to strike 
 
 against. 
 OFFENSIVE, adj. Offending ; assailing ; opposed to defensive ; dis- 
 pleasing; disgusting; painful. F. offensif: L. offensus, p. part, of 
 
 offendo. See OFFEND. 
 OF'FER. v. To present; to attempt. L. offero ; comp. of oh, for, or 
 
 against, and fero, to bring. 
 OF'FICE. s. A public charge^or employment; agency; business; a 
 
 place for transacting business. F. office : L. officium ; comp. of ob, 
 
 for, and facio, to do. 
 OFFI'CIAL. adj. Relating to an office ; published by the proper office, 
 
 and thus made authentic. F. official. See OFFICE. 
 OFFICIATE, v. To perform the business of an office. See OFFICE. 
 OFFICIOUS, adj. Though this word originally expressed doing good 
 
 offices, which meaning is in exact accordance with its etymology, it 
 
 is now rarely used except to denote intrusively active. F. officieux : 
 
 L. officiosus. See OFFICE. 
 OIL. s. The expressed juice of olives ; any thin, greasy matter. L. 
 
 oleum : olea, an olive tree. 
 OLEAGTNOUS. adj. Oily. L. oleaginus ; from olea, an olive tree, 
 
 and genus, a kind. See OIL. 
 OLFACTORY, adj. Having the sense of smelling. F. olfactoire : 
 
 L. olfacio, to smell to. 
 OLTGARCHY. s. Government by a few. G. oligarchia ; from oligos, 
 
 a few, and arche, government. 
 
 v * 173 
 
OLY-OPP 
 
 OLYM'PIAD. s. A period of four years, or that space of time which 
 
 elapsed between the periodical celebration of the Olympic games. 
 
 The first of these great celebrations, at Olympia, in Peloponnesus, 
 
 occurred 779 years before Christ, and 22 before the foundation of 
 
 Rome. 
 O'MEN. s. A prognostic. L. omen : G. oimai, to consider, or suppose. 
 OM'INOUS. adj. Prognosticating ; betokening ; generally considered 
 
 inauspiciously, or in an unfavourable sense. L. ominosus. See 
 
 OMEN. 
 OMIS'SION. s. The act of omitting ; thing omitted. L. omissus, p. 
 
 part, ofomitto. See OMIT. 
 OMIT. v. To leave out; to neglect. L. omitto : 06, signifying aside, 
 
 and mitto, to send. 
 OMNIGENOUS, adj. Of every kind. L. omnes, all, or every, and 
 
 genus, a kind. 
 OMNIP'OTENT. adj. Almighty. L. ojnniputens ; comp. of omnis, 
 
 all, and potens, (part, of possum,) being able. 
 OMNIPRES'ENT. adj. In every place. L. omnis, all, and prcesens, 
 
 being present. 
 OMNISCIENT, adj. Knowing every thing. L. omnis, all, and sciens t 
 
 part, of' scio, to know. 
 OMNIUM, s. The aggregate of certain portions of different stocks in 
 
 the English funds. L. omnium, of all ; gen. pi. of omnis. 
 ONEROUS adj. Burthensome ; oppressive. L. onerosus ; from onus, 
 
 a burthen. 
 ON'OMANCY. s. Pretended divination by a name. G. onoma, a name, 
 
 and manteia, a foretelling. 
 ONTOL'OGY. s. The doctrine of being or existence. G. on, being, 
 
 and logos, a description. 
 ONUS PKOBANDI. The burthen of proving. L. onus, a burthen, 
 
 and probandi, gen. gerund of probo, to prove. 
 OPACITY, s. Cloudiness; want of transparency. F. opacite : L. 
 
 opacitas. See OPAQUE. 
 OPAQUE', adj. Cloudy ; not transparent. F. opaque : L. opacus ; 
 
 from opaco, to shade. 
 OP'ERATE. v. To act; to produce effect. L. operor ; from opus, 
 
 work. 
 OP'EROSE. adj. Requiring much labour. L. operosus. See OPE- 
 
 RATE. 
 OPHIOL'OGY. s. That part of natural history which treats of ser- 
 pents. G. ophis, a serpent, and logos, discourse. 
 OPHIOPH'AGOUS. s. Eating or feeding on serpents. G. ophis, a 
 
 serpent, and phago, to eat. 
 OPHTHAL'MIA. s. A disorder of the eyes. G. ophthalmos, an eye. 
 O'PIATE. s. A medicine that promotes sleep. G. opion, the juice of 
 
 poppies. 
 OPIFTCER. s. One that performs any work ; an artist. L. opifex : 
 
 opus, work, and facio, to do. 
 OPINION, s. Conjecture ; sentiments ; judgment. L. opinio ; from 
 
 opinor, to think. 
 OPPO'NENT. s. One who opposes. L. opponens, (part, of oppono,) 
 
 opposing. See OPPOSE. 
 
 174 
 
OPP— ORG 
 
 OPPORTUNITY, s. Convenient point of time ; convenience. L. 
 
 opportunitas ; from ob, in the way of, and porto, to carry. 
 OPPOSE', v. To stand in front ; to act against ; to obstruct; to hinder. 
 
 L. opposilum, sup. ofoppono; from ob, against, and pono, to place. 
 OP'POSITE. adj. Standing in front ; contrary. See OPPOSE. 
 OPPRESS', v. To crush; to tyrannise over. L. oppressum, sup. of 
 
 opprimo : ob, against, and premo, to press. 
 OPPROBRIOUS, adj. Reproachful; scurrilous. L. opprobrium, dis- 
 grace : ob, against, and probrum, deformity. 
 OPPUGN', v. To oppose; to resist. L. oppugno : ob, against, and 
 
 pug no, to fight. 
 OPTICIAN, s. One skilled in optics ; a maker of optical instruments. 
 
 See OPTICS. 
 OP'TICS. s. The science of the laws of vision. G. ops, an eye. 
 OP'TUVySM. s. The doctrine that every thing is ordered for the best. 
 
 F. optimisme ; from the L. optimus, best. 
 OP'TION. s. Power of choosing ; choice. L. optio ; from opto, to 
 
 choose. 
 OP'ULENT. adj. Wealthy. L. opulens : opes, riches ; from opis, 
 
 power. 
 OR'ACLE. s. One who conveys information by supernatural wisdom ; 
 
 or by pretended supernatural wisdom, as the oracle at Delphos ; the 
 
 place where the information is delivered ; a person famed for wisdom. 
 
 L. oraculum : oro, to speak. 
 O'RAL. adj. Delivered by the mouth ; not written. F. oral : L. oris, 
 
 gen. of os, the mouth. 
 ORATOR, s. A petitioner; a public speaker; a man of eloquence. 
 
 L. orator ; from oro, to entreat. 
 ORATO'RIO. s. A performance of sacred music. Italian, from the 
 
 L. oro, to entreat. 
 ORB. s. A sphere ; circular body ; circle ; line described by a planet. 
 
 L. orbis, a round thing of any kind. 
 ORBICULAR, adj. Spherical ; circular. See ORB. 
 OR'BIT. s. The line described by the revolution of a planet. L. orbita. 
 
 See ORB. 
 OR'CHESTRA, or OR'CHESTRE. s. The place where the musi- 
 cians sit in a theatre, or ball-room. G. orchestra ; from orcheomai, 
 
 to dance, — alluding to the dancing choristers of a Greek theatre. 
 ORDAIN', v. To appoint; to decree; to invest with the sacerdotal 
 
 office. L. ordino ; from ordo, a rule or law. 
 OR'DINAL. adj. Relating to numerical position; as, first, second, 
 
 third. L. ordinalis ; from ordo, order or rank. 
 OR'DINANCE. s. A law; appointment. F.ordonnance. See ORDAIN. 
 OR'DINARY. adj. Established; common; of low rank. L. ordina~ 
 
 rivs. See ORDAIN. 
 ORDINA'TION. s. Established order or tendency ; investment of the 
 
 sacerdotal office. L. ordinatio. See ORDAIN. 
 OR'GAN. s. Natural instrument; as the ear, which is the organ of 
 
 hearing, — the eye, of sight; a sort of musical instrument. F. or- 
 
 gane : G. organon, an instrument : orge, force ; or ergon, work. 
 ORGANIZE, v. To arrange, so that all the parts may co-operate. 
 
 See ORGAN. 
 
 175 
 
0RG-0X1 
 
 QR'GIES. s. Frantic revels. G. orgia ; from orge, vehement ardour. 
 ORIEN'TAL. adj. Eastern. F. oriental : L. oriens, the east; from 
 
 orior, to arise. 
 OR'IFICE. s. An opening, or perforation. L. orificium ; from oris, 
 
 gen. ox os, a mouth, or gap, and facio, to make. 
 OR'IGIN. s. Beginning; source. L. origo : from orior, to arise. 
 ORIG'INAL. adj. Primitive; not copied from another. L. originalis. 
 
 See ORIGIN. 
 OR'ISONS. s. Prayers. F. oraisons : L. oro, to entreat. 
 OR'NAMENT. s. Embellishment. L. ornamentum ; orno, to adorn. 
 ORNITHOL'OGY. s. A description of birds. G. ornithos, gen. of 
 
 ornis, a bird, and logos^ a word or description. 
 OR'PHAN. s. A child who has lost both of its parents, or one of its 
 
 parents. G. orplianos, destitute. 
 OR'THODOXY. s. Supposed infillibility of opinion and doctrine. G. 
 
 orthodoxia ; orthos, right, and dokeo, to perceive. 
 ORTHOEPY, s. The science of right pronunciation. G. orthos, right, 
 
 and epos, a word. 
 ORTH'OGON. s. A rectangular figure. G. orthos, right, and gonia, 
 
 an angle. 
 ORTHOGRAPHY, s. Knowledge of spelling. G. orthos, right, and 
 
 grapho, to write. 
 OSCILLA'TION. s. The act of moving backward and forward like a 
 
 pendulum. L. oscillum, an image, suspended and swung in the air, 
 
 by the heathen worshipers. G. ossio-o, to render holy. 
 OS'SEOUS. adj. Bony ; resembling a bone. L. osseus : os, a bone. 
 OS'SIFY. v. To change to bone. L. os, a bone, andjio, to become. 
 OSTEN'SIVE. adj. Avowed; shown. F. ostensif : L. ostensus, p. 
 
 part, of ostendo ; ob, opposite to, and tendo, to stretch forth. 
 OSTENTA'TION. s. Ambitious display ; vain show. L. ostentatio. 
 
 See OSTENSIVE. 
 OS'TRACISM. s. Public sentence inscribed, by each voter, upon a 
 
 shell. G. ostrakismos ; from ostrakon, a shell. 
 OUTRE', adj. Uncommon; different from the usual mode. F. 
 O'VAL. adj. Not quite round, but oblate at the ends or poles. F. ovale ; 
 
 L. ovum, an egg. 
 OVA'TION. s. A lesser Roman triumph. L. ovatio ; from ovis, a 
 
 sheep ; because, on this occasion, the victor sacrificed a sheep ; but, 
 
 in the greater triumph, he sacrificed a bull. 
 O'VERPLUS. s. Surplus. Compounded of over, and L. plus, more. 
 O'VERT. adj. Open ; public. F. ouvert, part, of ouvrir, to open. 
 O'VERTURE. s. First proposal; musical prelude. F. ouverture ; from 
 
 ouvrir, to open ; — that is, to begin. 
 O'VIFORM. adj. Having the form of an egg. L. ovum, an egg, and 
 
 forma, shape. 
 OVIP'AROUS. adj. Bringing forth eggs. L. ovum, an egg, and pario, 
 
 to bring forth. 
 OXAL'IC. adj. The acid denominated oxalic, is found in the juice of 
 
 sorrel. L. oxalis, wild sorrel. 
 OX'IDE. s. Any substance combining oxygen, in a proportion not 
 
 sufficient to produce acidity. See OXYGEN. 
 
 176 
 
OXY— PAL 
 
 OX'YGEN. s. The principle of acids, and of combustion, and a ne- 
 cessary agent in the support of animal life. G. oxus, an acid, and 
 gennao, to generate. 
 
 OXYGON, s. A triangle, having three acute angles. G. oxus, sharp, 
 and gonia, an angle. 
 
 OYER AND TERMINER. A judicial commission given "to hear 
 'and determine." F. oyer, to hear, and terminer, to end or determine. 
 
 P. 
 
 PAB'ULUM. s. Food ; support. L. from pasco, to feed. 
 
 PACE. s. A step made by projecting or expanding the foot ; progress. 
 F. pas. See PASS. 
 
 PACIFY, v. To appease. F. pacifier: L. pacifico ; comp. of pax, 
 peace, and facio, to make. 
 
 PACT. s. A contract ; a bargain. L. pactum : pactus, part, of pas- 
 ciscor, to bargain. 
 
 PACTION, s. A bargain ; a covenant. L. pactio. See PACT. 
 
 PAINT, v. To form a figure or likeness in colours ; to cover or be- 
 smear with colouring matter. F. peindre : L. pingo, to draw out the 
 shape and form of an} 7 thing ; to stain. 
 
 PAIR. s. Two things, suiting one to another, as a pair of gloves ; a 
 male and female; two of a sort. Y.paire: L. par; from the adjec- 
 tive par, even in number, two. 
 
 PAL' ACE. s. A royal house ; a house eminently splendid. The Pala. 
 tinus Mons, or Mount Palatine, was the site upon which Romulus 
 laid the first foundation of Rome ; where also he kept his court ; as 
 did Augustus, and all the succeeding emperors of Rome : from which 
 circumstance, the word palatium, or palace, has, ever since, been ap- 
 plied to the residence of a monarch, or prince. 
 
 PALE. s. A rail or post; an enclosure; district. L. palus, a post. 
 
 PALTMPSEST. s. A piece of parchment, twice prepared for writing, 
 first by rubbing* with pumice-stone, when in a state of manufacture, 
 and again by the same process, after the original writing had been 
 taken away. G. palimpsestos : palin, again, and psecho, to scrape 
 or rub. 
 
 PALTNDROME. s. A word or sentence, which is the same, read 
 backward or forward, as " madam.'''' G. palindromia ; palin, again, 
 or backwards, and dromos, a running. 
 
 PALTNODE. s. A recantation. G. palinodia ; palin, again, and ode, 
 a song. 
 
 PALISADE, s. A defence made of pales. F. palisade : L. palus, a 
 post. 
 
 PALLA'DIUM. s. Properly, a statue of Pallas, (Minerva,) which, it 
 was said, fell from heaven, and on the preservation of which, it was 
 imagined, depended the safety of Troy : it was accordingly stolen 
 from the city, by Ulysses and Diomedes. Palladium is generally 
 used to denote some great preserver of a country's liberty ; as the 
 trial by jury, or freedom of the press. 
 
 PALLEAS'SE. s. A bed made of straw, firmly compressed, and in- 
 closed in ticking. F. paillasse ; paille : L. palea, straw. 
 
 PAL'LET. s. A small bed. F. paille, straw. 
 
 177 
 
PAL— PAR 
 
 PA L'LIATE. v. To cloak ; to cover with excuse. L. paUio ; from 
 pallium, a cloak. 
 
 PAL'LI D. adj. Pale. L. pallidus, pale. 
 
 PALMISTRY, s. The pretended art of predicting, by viewing the 
 lines of the hand. L. palma, the palm of the hand. 
 
 PAL'PABLE. adj. Perceptible by the touch; easily detected. F. 
 palpable ; from palpor, to feel in the dark, or grope. 
 
 PAL'PITATE. v. To beat as the heart. L. palpito, to pant. 
 
 PAL'SY. s. An abbreviation of Paralysis. 
 
 PANACEA, s. A universal medicine. G. panakeia ; pan, all, and 
 akos, a cure. 
 
 PANA'DO. s. Food made of bread and water. L. panis, bread. 
 
 PAN DECT. s. A treatise which comprehends the whole of any 
 science ; the digest of the civil law. L. pandecta : G. pan, all, and 
 dechomai, to contain. 
 
 PANEGYRIC, s. An encomiastic composition ; praise. F. panegy. 
 riqve : G. paneguris ; pan, all, and agureo, to collect; meaning, to 
 rehearse all worthy deeds. 
 
 PAN'NEL. s. A square, or piece of any matter, inserted between 
 other bodies ; an oblong piece of parchment, (or little pane,) in which 
 the sheriff returns the names of jurors. Dim. of the F. panneau, a 
 pane. 
 
 PANOPLY, s. Complete armour. G. panoplia ; from pan, all, and 
 opla, armour. 
 
 PANORA'MA. s. Avery large painting, extended in a kind of theatre, 
 and exhibiting a view of a city, or of some grandly interesting oc- 
 currence, such as a conflagration or a battle. G. pan, all, and orama, 
 a view. 
 
 PANTHE'ON. s. A temple of all the heathen gods ; a book describing 
 the heathen gods. G. pantheion ; comp. of pan, all, and theos, a 
 god. 
 
 PANTOM'ETER. s. An instrument for measuring all sorts of eleva- 
 tions, angles, and distances. G. panta, all, and metreo, to measure. 
 
 PANTOMIME, s. A theatrical drama of action, without speech. F. 
 pantomime: G. pan, all, and mimos, a mimic. 
 
 PANTRY, s. A closet for provisions. F. panetrie ; pain, bread : L. 
 panis, bread. 
 
 PAPAL, adj. Relating to the Pope. L. papa, a fond name for father. 
 G. pappas. 
 
 PAPAVEROUS, adj. Resembling poppies. L. papaver, a poppy. 
 
 PATER, s. In French, papier ; from papyrus, an Egyptian shrub ; of 
 which, paper was originally made. 
 
 PAPIL'LARY. adj. Having vessels resembling teats. L. papilla, a 
 nipple, or teat. 
 
 PAR. s. State of equality ; equal value. L. par, equal. 
 
 PAR' ABLE. s. A similitude. G. para bole ; comp. of para, alike, and 
 hullo, to deliver, or teach; — that is, to teach one thing, by another 
 which resembles it. 
 
 PAR'ACHUTE. s. In aerostation, an instrument to prevent the rapidi- 
 ty of descent. G. para, against, and F. chute, a fall. 
 
 PAR'ACLETE. s. Properly, an advocate ? one called to aid or sup- 
 port. G. parakletos ; para, to, and kaleo, to call. 
 
 178 
 
PAR— PAR 
 
 PARA'DE. s. Show; review or exercise of a military corps ; place of 
 military exercise. F. parade : L. pareo, to appear. 
 
 PARADISE, s. Garden of Eden ; celestial abode. G. paradeisos, a 
 garden : from a Hebrew word, denoting a place set with fruitful 
 trees. 
 
 PAR'ADOX. s. A position seemingly absurd, because contrary to 
 some received opinion, — yet, true in fact. G. paradoxos ; para, con- 
 trary to, and doxos, an opinion. 
 
 PAR'AGOGE. s. A figure, by which a letter or syllable is affixed to a 
 word, without adding any thing to its sense. G. paragoge : parago, 
 to extend. 
 
 PAR' AGON. s. A model ; something extremely well formed. G. para, 
 from, and ago, to form. 
 
 PARAGRAPH, s. A distinct part of a discourse. G. paragraphe ; 
 from para, through, and grapho, to write : meaning, through the 
 subject. 
 
 PARALEP'SIS. ) s. In rhetoric, a pretended or apparent omission. 
 
 PARALEP'SY. \ G. paraleipsis : para, beyond or by, and leipo, 
 to leave. 
 
 PAR'ALLAX. s. The distance between the true and apparent place 
 of the sun, or any star, viewed from the earth. G. parallaxis, a 
 difference : para, through, and allato, to change. 
 
 PAR'ALLEL. adj. Extended in the same direction, and preserving 
 always the same distance ; equal ; like. G. parallelos ; from para, 
 by the side, and alios, another. 
 
 PARALLEL'OGRAM. s. A right-lined quadrilateral figure, the oppo- 
 site sides of which are parallel and equal. G. parallelos, (see Pa- 
 rallel,) and gramma, a figure. 
 
 PARALOGY, s. False . reasoning. G. para, against, and logos, 
 reason. 
 
 PAR'ALYSE. v. To effect by a paralysis ; to enfeeble by contention. 
 See PARALYSIS. 
 
 PARAL'YSIS. s. A palsy. G. paralusis ; from para, through, and luo, 
 to untie ; meaning the sinews, &c. 
 
 PARAMOUNT, adj. Superior. G. para, above, and F. monter, to 
 go up. 
 
 PAR' AMOUR, s. A lover, or wooer; a mistress. F. par, for, and 
 amour, love, or a love intrigue. 
 
 PARAPHERNALIA, s. Goods in which a wife has a legal property, 
 besides her dower ; suitable apparel and ornaments of a wife. G. 
 para, besides, and pherne, a dower. 
 
 PAR'APHRASE. s. A loose translation. G. para, alike, or resem- 
 bling, and phrasis, a speech. 
 
 PAR'ASITE. s. One who frequents the tables of the rich, and earns 
 his welcome by flattery. But, in the early ages, the name of para- 
 site, was venerable, for it properly signified a messmate at the table 
 of sacrifices. There was in Greece a college of persons, particu- 
 larly honoured with this title, whose business it was to select the 
 grain, &c. for the public offerings. G. parasitos ; from para, over, 
 and sitos, corn. 
 
 PARASOL', s. A portable shelter from the sun. G. para, against, and 
 L. sol, the sun. 
 
 179 
 
PAR— PAR 
 
 PAR'CEL. s. A part ; a small bundle or package. F. parcelle : L. 
 pars, a part. 
 
 PAR'DON. v. To excuse an offender; to forgive a crime. F. par- 
 do nner ; from the L. per, by or through, and dono, to give. 
 
 PAREGOR'IC. s. An assuaging medicine. G. paregoreo, to miti- 
 gate. 
 
 PARENT; s. A father or mother. F. parent : L. parens ; from pario, 
 to beget, or bring forth. 
 
 PARENTHESIS, s. A word or sentence, so included within another 
 sentence, as that it may be omitted, without injuring the sense of 
 that which encloses it. Marked thus ( ). G. para, with, en, in, and 
 thesis, a position. 
 
 PAR EXCELLENCE. By way of eminence. F. par, by, and ex. 
 cellence, excellence. 
 
 PARHELION, s. A mock sun, or contiguous resemblance of the 
 sun. G. para, near, and helios, the sun. 
 
 PARIETAL, adj. Relating to the parietes. See PARIETES. 
 
 PARI'ETES. s. In anatomy, a term used for the enclosures, or mem- 
 branes, which stop up or close the hollow parts of the body ; such as 
 those of the heart and thorax, L. pi. of paries, a wall. 
 
 PARI PASSU. With an equal pace ; by an equal gradation. L. 
 pari, with an equal, passu, pace : abl. of par, and passus. 
 
 PARTSH. s. The particular charge of a secular priest; the district 
 which contributes to the support of a clergyman of the established 
 church. Low L. parochia : F. paroisse : G. paroikia : para, near to, 
 and oikeo, to dwell ; — referring to an ancient convent : the inhabitanta 
 of which had the charge of a district, such as we now denominate a 
 parish. 
 
 PARITY, s. Equality. F.paritc: L. paritas ; from par, equal. 
 
 PAR'LEY. s. Conference; short treaty. F. parler, to speak. 
 
 PAE/LIAMENT. s. The ancient legislative assembly of the states of 
 France; the present British legislature. F. parlement, (formerly, 
 parliament,) from parler, to speak. 
 
 PAR'LOUR. s. Primarily, the apartment in a nunnery where the 
 nuns are permitted to meet and converse with each other ; hence, 
 with us, a [domestic] sitting-room. F. parloir ; from parler, to 
 speak, or converse. 
 
 PAROCHIAL, adj. Relating to a parish. See PARISH. 
 
 PAR'ODY. s. A literary imitation. G. parodia ; para, opposite to, 
 and ode, a song; that is, a different subject, in the same style. 
 
 PAROLE', s. Words spoken, not written ; a verbal pledge of honour. 
 F. parole, a word. 
 
 PAR'OXYSM. s. Periodical action of a disease; a fit. G. paroxusmos ; 
 from para, through, and oxuno, to sharpen. 
 
 PARRICIDE, s. The murder of a parent, or any near relation. L. 
 paricidium : — one who has murdered a parent, or any near relation : 
 paricidia : from parens, a parent, and c<zdo, to kill. 
 
 PARSE, v. To analyze a sentence, into the several parts of speech. 
 L. partio, to divide. 
 
 PAR SIMONY, s. Extreme frugality ; sordid inclination for hoarding. 
 L. parsimonia ; from parco, to spare or save. 
 
 PAR'SON. s. The priest of a parish. See PARISH. 
 
 180 
 
PAR— PAT 
 
 PART. s. A portion ; member ; share, &c. L. pars ; partio, to 
 divide. 
 
 PARTAKE', v. To have a part of. Comp. of part, and take. 
 
 PARTERRE', s. A selected piece of ground, separated by a fence. F. 
 parterre ; parti, divided, and terre, land. 
 
 PARTIAL, adj. Favouring- one party ; affecting- only one part F. 
 partial. See PART. 
 
 PARTICIPATE, v. To partake ; to share. L. participo ; from pars, 
 a part, and capio, to take. 
 
 PARTICIPLE, s. A word which, besides its primary quality of verb, 
 partakes occasionally of the quality of a substantive and adjective. 
 L. participium. See PARTICIPATE. 
 
 PAR'TICLE. s. Any small portion of a greater substance ; a (little) 
 word unvaried by inflection. L. par tic ula, dim. of pars, a part. 
 
 PARTICULAR, adj. Single ; distinct ; not general ; uncommon, &c. 
 L. particula, a small part. See PARTICLE. 
 
 PAR'TISAN. s. An adherent to a faction; a commander of a body of 
 troops, who, through patriotism, or some private motive, acts in con- 
 cert with the regular army. See PARTY. 
 
 PARTITION, s. Act of dividing ; that which divides. L. partitio ; 
 partitus, p. part, of partio, to divide. 
 
 PARTITIVE, adj. In grammar, signifies distributive; as each, or 
 every. L. partio, to part or divide : pars, a part. 
 
 PARTURITION", s. State of travail, or labour. L. parturio, to be in 
 travail ; from partus, p. part, of pario, to bring forth young. 
 
 PARTY, s. A number of persons confederated in opposition to others ; 
 a faction ; one, of two or more litigants : a select assembly, &c. F. 
 partie. See PART. 
 
 PASCHAL, adj. Relating to the passover. G. pascha, a passing 
 over. 
 
 PASS. v. To go ; to move from one place to another ; to be at an end, 
 &c. F. passer : L. passus, a step. 
 
 PASSIM. In various places ; here and there ; a term used by authors, 
 when referring generally to the writings of another, without seve- 
 rally quoting the pages. L. passim, every where. 
 
 PASSIVE, adj. Unresisting ; suffering ; not active, but being the ob- 
 ject of action. L. passivus ; from potior, to suffer. 
 
 PAST. adj. Neither present nor future ; gone through. See PASS. 
 
 PASTOR, s. A shepherd ; a clergyman. L. pastor ; pasco, to feed. . 
 
 PASTURE, s. Grazing land. F. pasture : L. pastus : from pasco, to 
 feed. 
 
 PAT'ENT. s. An exclusive privilege. Letters patent, or " open let- 
 ters," are so called, because they are not sealed up, but exposed to 
 open view, with the great seal pendant at the bottom. From L. 
 
 PATER'NAL. adj. Relating or pertaining to a father. L. paternus ; 
 from pater, a father. 
 
 PAT'ER-NOSTER. s. The name of the Lord's Prayer, by the Ro- 
 man Catholic church; because, pater and nosier, (our father,) are 
 the first two words of that prayer. L. pater, a father, and nosier, 
 our. 
 
 PATHETTC. adj. Affecting the finer passions. G. pathetikos. See 
 PATHOS. 
 
 q 181 
 
PAT— PEC 
 
 PATHOL'OGY. s. That part of medical science which treats of the 
 distempers incident to the human body, with their differences, causes, 
 and effects. G. pathos, a disease, and logos, a description. 
 
 PATH'OS. s. Strong feeling ; the feeling or expression of some pas- 
 sion ; energy. G. pathos, passion. 
 
 PA'TIENT. adj. Not easily provoked ; calm under affliction. L. pa. 
 tiens ; from patior, to suffer. 
 
 PA'TIENT. s. A person suffering pain, in consequence of disease. 
 See the adjective. 
 
 PATRIARCH, s. The father of a tribe. G. patriarches ; comp. of 
 patria, a family, and archos, a chief. 
 
 PATRICIAN, adj. Senatorial; noble; not plebeian. L. patricius ; 
 pater, a father. 
 
 PAT'RICIDE. s. Murder of a father. L. patris, gen. of pater, a. father, 
 and cczdo, to kill. 
 
 PA'TRIMONY. s. An estate possessed by inheritance. L. patrimo- 
 nium ; pater, a father. 
 
 PA'TRIOT. s. An active lover of his country. L. patria, one's coun- 
 try, or native soil. 
 
 PA'TRON. s. One who countenances, supports, or protects ; one who 
 has the appointment to an ecclesiastical preferment. F. patron : L. 
 patronns ; pater, a father. 
 
 PATRONYMIC, s. A name expressing that of the father or ancestor : 
 as, Tidides, the son of Tydeus ; s Neil, the son of Neil, Mac Gregor, 
 the son of Gregor. G. patronumikos ; from paler, a father, and 
 onoma, a name. 
 
 PAU'CITY. s. Smallncss of number. L. paucitas ; from pauci, few, 
 
 PAU'PER. s. A poor person ; one who receives alms. L. pauper, 
 poor. 
 
 PAUSE, s. A stop ; cessation. F. pause : L. positus, p. part, of pono, 
 to place, or lay, or set down. 
 
 PEACE, s. Reconciliation of differences ; respite from war ; rest ; 
 quiet. F. paix : L. pax : from pactus, p. part, of pango, to agree 
 upon, or contract. 
 
 PEAS' ANT. s. One whose business is rural labour. Y. pay san: pays, 
 a country. 
 
 PECCANT, adj. Criminal ; corrupt ; injurious to health. F. peccant : 
 L. peccans, part, of pecco, to sin. 
 
 PECCA'VI. s. "I have sinned." To make a person " cry peccavi," 
 is, in cant language, to compel him to acknowledge his transgres- 
 sion. L. from pecco, to sin. 
 
 PECTORAL, adj. Relating or pertaining to the breast. L. pectoralis : 
 pectus, the breast. 
 
 PECULATION, s. Robbery of the public; theft of public money. L. 
 peculor, to rob the public : probably from pecunia, money. 
 
 PECULIAR, adj. Appropriate ; belonging to any one, with the ex- 
 clusion of others. L. peculiaris : peculium, that which a son, or a 
 slave, holds of his own, under a father, or a master, which is distinct 
 from either of their stocks: pecu, cattle. 
 
 PECUNIARY, adj. Relating to money. L. pecuniarius ; from pecu- 
 nia, money. Pliny says, that the first Roman coins, bearing an im- 
 pression, were made by order of Servius Tullus, and stamped with 
 
 182 
 
PED— PEN 
 
 the resemblance of sheep and oxen ; hence, pecunia is derived from 
 pecus, a flock of sheep, or other cattle. 
 
 PED'AGQGUE. s. Originally signified a teacher of children, gene- 
 rally ; but now it refers only to a pedantic teacher. L. pedagogus : 
 G. paidagogos : pais, a boy, or girl, and ago, to guide. 
 
 PED'AL. s. Something designed to be acted upon by the foot; as the 
 pedal of an organ, harp, or piano-forte. L. pedalis : pedis, gen. of 
 pes, a foot. 
 
 PED' ANT. s. Originally meant one who taught children ; but the 
 term is now applied to a man vain of low knowledge, or awkwardly 
 ostentatious of his literature. F. pedant : G. paidos, gen. of pais, a 
 boy, or girl. 
 
 PEDESTAL, s. The base of a statue or pillar. F. piedestal : L. pe- 
 dis, gen. of pes, a foot. 
 
 PEDES'TRIAN. s. One who travels on foot. L. pedesler, performed 
 on foot : pes, a foot. 
 
 PEDTCLE. s. That by which the leaf or fruit is fixed to the tree. L 
 pediculus, dim. of pes, a foot. 
 
 PED'LER. s. A pedestrian dealer. See PEDESTRIAN. 
 
 PEDOBiVP'TIST. s. One who adheres to the practice of infant bap- 
 tism. G. paidos, gen. of pais, a child, and baptizo, to baptize. 
 
 PEDOM'ETER. s. An instrument for showing how far a person has 
 walked. L. pedis, gen. of pes, a foot, and G. metreo, to measure. 
 
 PEER. s. An equal ; a nobleman, (the several degrees of peers having 
 the same privileges.) F. pair : L. par, equal. 
 
 PELISSE', s. A kind of coat or robe. F. from the L. pellis, a skin. 
 
 PEL'LICLE. s. A thin skin; a film. L. pellicula, dim. of pellis, a 
 skin. 
 
 PELLU'CID. adj. Transparent. L. pellucidus ; from per, through, 
 and luceo, to shine. 
 
 PEL'TRY. s. Skins. L. pellis, a skin. 
 
 PEN. s. An instrument for writing. L. penna, a quill-feather, or a 
 pen. 
 
 PEN AL. adj. Denouncing or enacting punishment ; used for punish- 
 ing. F. penal: L. poena, punishment. 
 
 PEN'ALTY. s. Punishment; fine. See PENAL. 
 
 PEN'ANCE. s. Punishment inflicted or suffered as an expression of 
 repentance. L. poena, punishment. 
 
 PENCHANT, s. Inclination ; desire. F. from pencher, to incline. 
 
 PENCIL, s. A small brush, used by painters for laying on co- 
 lours ; any instrument for writing without ink. L. penicillus. See 
 PAINT. 
 
 PEN'DANT. s. Something suspended; a small naval flag. F. pen- 
 dant : L. pendco, to hang. 
 
 PENDENT, adj. Hanging. L. pendens, part, of pendeo, to hang. 
 
 PENDENTE LITE. Whilst the suit or contest is pending and 
 undelermined. L. from pendeo, to hang, and lis, a dispute, or action 
 at law. 
 
 PENDING, adj. Remaining undecided; during. See PENDENT. 
 
 PENDULUM, s. Any weight suspended, so that it may perform os- 
 cillations of equal time ; the vibrating movement of a clock. L. 
 pendeo, to hang. 
 
 183 
 
PEN— PER 
 
 PEN'ETRATE. v. To pierce ; to enter ; to reach the meaning. L. 
 
 penetro : penitus, within. 
 PENINSULA, s. A tract of land almost surrounded by water. L. 
 
 pene, almost, insula, an island. 
 PENITENT, adj. Repentant. L. poenitens, part, of pasniteo ; from 
 
 poena, punishment, pain, remorse. 
 PEN'NATED. adj. Winged: — pennated, in botanical language, refers 
 
 to those leaves which grow directly, one against another, on the 
 
 same rib or stalk. L. pennatus : penna, a feather, or wing. 
 PEN'SION. s. Pecuniary allowance, given at regular periods, as a 
 
 reward of service, or through charity. F. pension : L. pensus, p. 
 
 part, of pendo, to pay. 
 PENSIVE, adj. Sorrowfully thoughtful. Y.pensif; from penser, to 
 
 think. L. penso : pendo, to weigh, or consider on. 
 PEN'TAGON. s. A figure with five angles. G. pente, five, and gonia, 
 
 a corner, or angle. 
 PENTAMETER, s. A Latin verse of five feet. L. pentametrum : 
 
 G. pente, five, and metron, measure. 
 PENTAN'GULAR. adj. Five cornered. G. pente, five, and angular. 
 PEN'TARCHY. s. A government in the hands of five persons. G. 
 
 pente, five, and arche, rule. 
 PEN'TATEUCH. s. The five books of Moses. G. pente, five, and 
 
 teuchos, a volume. 
 PEN'TECOST. s. One of the Jewish feasts ; Whitsuntide. G. pente. 
 
 coste, fifty ; because celebrated fifty days after the passover. 
 PENULTIMATE, adj. Last except one. L. penultimus ; comp. of 
 
 pene, almost, and ultimus, the last. 
 PENUM'BRA. s. An imperfect shadow. L. pene, almost, and umbra, 
 
 a shadow. 
 PENURIOUS, adj. Niggardly ; sordidly mean. L. penuria, scarcity. 
 PEN'URY. s. Poverty; indigence. L. penuria, want. 
 PEP'TIC. adj. Promoting digestion. G. pepto, to boil or digest. 
 PERADVENTURE. adv. Perhaps. L. per, by, and ndventure ; 
 
 meaning, a chance. 
 PERAM'BULATE. v. To walk through ; to visit the boundaries. L. 
 
 perambulo : per, through, and ambulo, to walk. 
 PER AN'NUM. By the year; for every year. L. per, by, and annum, 
 
 accus. of annus, a year. 
 PERCEIVE', v. To know, through the medium of the senses ; to ob- 
 serve. F. appercevoir : L. percipio : per, through, and capio, to take. 
 PER CENT. By the hundred ; for every hundred. L. per, by, and 
 
 centum, a hundred. 
 PERCEPTION, s. The faculty or act of perceiving. L. perceptio : 
 
 perceptus, p. part, of percipio. See PERCEIVE. 
 PERCIPTENT. adj. Having the power of perception. L. percipiens, 
 
 part, of percipio, to perceive. 
 PER'COLATE. v. To strain, or filter. L. percolo, to filter : per, 
 
 through, and colo, (colore,) to strain. 
 PERCUS'SION. s. The act of striking, or shaking violently. L. per- 
 cussio ; from percutio, to strike : per, through, and quatio, to shake. 
 PER DIEM. By the day ; for every day. L. per, by, and diem ac- 
 cus. of dies, a day. 
 
 184 
 
PER—PER 
 
 PERDITION, s. Destruction : eternal damnation. L. per ditio ; from 
 
 per do, to lose. 
 PEREGRINATION, s. Travel. L. peregtinatio ; from per, through, 
 
 and ager, a field, or country. 
 PEREMPTORY, adj. Absolute ; dictatorial. L. peremptorivs ; from 
 
 perimo, to take away wholly : that is, to remove all excuse for non- 
 performance, 
 PEREN'NI AL. adj. Lasting through the whole year ; perpetual. L. 
 
 perennis ; comp. of per, through, and annus, a year. 
 PER'FECT. adj. Complete ; without blemish. L. perfectus, p. part. 
 
 ofperjicio, to finish : comp. of per, throughout, and/acto, to make. 
 PERFIDY, s. Treachery. L. perfidia ; from per, through, and fides, 
 
 trust. 
 PERFLATION, s. Act of blowing through. L. perjiaius, p. part, of 
 
 perjio : per, through, a.ndJlo, to blow. 
 PERFORATE, v. To bore ; to pierce. L. perforo ; from per, through, 
 
 and foro, to bore. 
 PERFORM', v. To finish ; to execute ; to do. L. per, throughout, 
 
 and for mo, to frame. 
 PERFUME, v. To impregnate with sweet scent. F. parfume : L. 
 
 per, throughout, and fumus, smoke, or vapour. 
 PERICAR'DIUM. s. A membrane which envelops the heart. G. 
 
 peri, about, and Jcardia, the heart. 
 PERICAR'PIUM. s. A membrane which envelops the fruit or grain 
 
 of a plant; or that part of the fruit which encompasses the seed. G. 
 
 peri, about, karpos, fruit. 
 PERICRANTUM. s. A membrane which covers the skull. G. peri, 
 
 about, and kr anion, the skull. 
 PERTGEE. s. A point in the heavens, where a planet is in its nearest 
 
 distance from the earth. G. peri, towards, and ge, the earth. 
 PERIHE'LIUM, or PERIHELION, s. That point of a planet's orbit, 
 
 wherein it is nearest to the sun. G. peri, towards, and helios, the sun. 
 PERIL, s. Danger ; hazard. F. peril : L. periculum. See PERISH. 
 PE'RIOD. s. A round of time ; a conclusion ; a point of time ; a gram- 
 
 matical point (.). G. periodos ; comp. of per?, through, or around, 
 
 and odos, a w;iy. 
 PERIPATETIC, adj. Relating to the peripatetics ; to the philosophy 
 
 of Aristotle and his followers, who taught whilst walking. G. peri, 
 
 about, and pateo, to walk. 
 PERIPH'ERY. s. Circumference. G. peri, around, and phero, to 
 
 carry. 
 PERIPH'RASIS. s. Circumlocution. G. periphrasis ; from peri, around, 
 
 and phrasis, a speech. 
 PERIPNEUMONIA, s. Inflammation of the lungs. G. peri, about, 
 
 and pneumon, the lungs. 
 PERTSH. v. To cease to have existence ; to die; to decay : L. pereo : 
 
 per, through, and eo, to go. 
 PERISTALTIC, adj. Spiral; vermicular and wormlike. G. peris- 
 
 tallikos : peristello, to involve. 
 PERITONE'UM. s. The soft, thin membrane, which lies immediately 
 
 under the muscles of the lower abdomen. G. peri, about, and teino, 
 
 to stretch out. 
 
 ci* 185 
 
PER— PER 
 
 PER'JURE. v To swear falsely and corruptly. L. perjuro ; comp. 
 
 of per, through, or under pretence, and juro, to swear. 
 PER'MANENT. adj. Durable; lasting. L. permanens, part, of per- 
 
 maneo : per, through, and maneo, to remain. 
 PERMISSION, s. Leave ; allowance. F. permission ; L. pennissus, 
 
 p. part, of permitto. See PERMIT. 
 PERMIT', v. To allow. L. permitto ; from per, through, and mitto, 
 
 to send ; that is, to allow a passage, or entrance. 
 PERNI'CIOUS. adj. Highly injurious; destructive. L. perniciosus ; 
 
 from per, through, and noceo, to hurt; meaning, to injure largely. 
 PERORA'TION. adj. Tiie concluding division of a formal speech. 
 
 L. peroratio >; from per, throughout, and oro, to speak ; meaning, to 
 
 recapitulate. 
 PERPENDICULAR, adj. Hanging or being in a direction towards 
 
 the centre of gravity ; placed so as to form right angles, h.perpen- 
 
 dicularis : per, by, and pendeo, to hang from. 
 PERTETRATE. v. To commit; thoroughly to effect; (always taken 
 
 in a criminal sense.) L. perpetro : per, through, and petro, to effect, 
 
 or bring about. 
 PERPET'UAL. adj. Never ceasing. L. perpetuus : perpetuo, to con- 
 tinue : from per, through, and peto, to seek. 
 PERPLEX', v. To puzzle ; to entangle. L. per, through, and plexus, 
 
 p. part, of plecto, to twist. 
 PERQUISITE, s. Something gained by a place or office, besides the 
 
 regular wages. L. perquisitus, p. part, of perquiro, to make diligent; 
 
 per, through, and qiuzro, to seek. 
 PER SAL' TUM. At a leap ; all at once ; without any intermediate 
 
 stage. L. 
 PER SE. By itself; by himself, or herself; by themselves. L. per, 
 
 by, se, itself, himself herself, or themselves. 
 PERSECUTE, v. To pursue with malignity; to tease. L. persecutus, 
 
 part, of persequor ; Worn per, through, and sequor, to follow. 
 PERSEVE'RE. v. To persist. L. persevero, from per, through, and 
 
 severus, serious, steady. 
 PERSIST', v. To persevere. L. persisto ; from per, through, and sisto, 
 
 to continue. 
 PERSPECTIVE, s. View ; the science by which objects are properly 
 
 delineated. F. perspectif : L. perspectus, p. part, of perspicio ; per, 
 
 through, and specio, to see. 
 PERSPICACITY, s. Quickness of sight. L. perspicax, quick-sighted; 
 
 from per, through, and specio, to see. 
 PERSPICUITY, s. Clearness of discourse or writing. L. perspi- 
 
 cuitas ; from per, through, and specio, to see. 
 PERSPI'RE. v. To pass through the pores of the skin. L. from per, 
 
 through, and spiro, to breathe, or exhale. 
 PERSUADE', v. To influence by argument or expostulation ; to bring 
 
 to any particular opinion. L. persuadeo ; per, through, and suadeo, 
 
 to advise. 
 PERTAIN', v. To belong. L. periineo ; from per, by, and teneo, to 
 
 hold. 
 PERTINA'CIOUS. adj. Obstinate; resolute. L. perlinax ; from per, 
 
 by, and teneo, to hold. 
 
 186 
 
PER-PHE 
 
 PERTINENT, adj. Suiting the purpose. L. pertinens. See PER- 
 TAIN. 
 
 PERTURB', v. To disquiet; to disturb; to disorder. £,. perturbo ; 
 per, through, and turbo, to disorder : turba, a crowd. 
 
 PERTU'SED. adj. Pierced through ; pierced with holes. L. pertusus, 
 p. part, of perlundo : per, through, and tundo, to beat. 
 
 PERU SE. v. To read. L. from per, through, and usvs, part, of uior, 
 to use or be conversant with. 
 
 PERVA'DE. v. To extend throughout. L. pervado ; from per, through, 
 and vado, to march, or move. 
 
 PERVERSE', adj. Perverted ; stubborn. F. pervers. See PERVER- 
 SION. 
 
 PERVER'SION. s. The act of perverting. F. perversion : ~L. perversus, 
 p. part, ofperverto. See PERVERT. 
 
 PERVERT', v. To turn from the original or proper design. L. per- 
 verto ; from per, across, and verto, to turn. 
 
 PER'VIOUS. adj. Admitting a passage. L. pervius ; from per, through, 
 and via, a way. 
 
 PEST. s. Plague ; something teasing. F. pesle : L. pestis, infection, 
 mischief. 
 
 PESTER, v. To disturb ; to perplex. See PEST. 
 
 PESTIFEROUS, adj. Pestilential ; destructive ; infectious. L. from 
 pestis, a pest, or infection, and fero, to carry. 
 
 PETAL, s. The leaf of a flower. G. petalon, a leaf. 
 
 PETTT, or PETTY, adj. A petit jury consists of twelve, and is of 
 inferior rank to a grand jury. F. petit, small. 
 
 PETITION, s. Request ; prayer. L. petitio ; from peto, to ask. 
 
 PETTT-MAIT'RE. s. A coxcomb ; a beau. F. petit, little, and maitre, 
 a master. 
 
 PET'RIFY. v. To change to stone. L. petra, a rock, and Jio, to be- 
 come. 
 
 PETTY, adj. Small ; mean. See PETIT. 
 
 FET'ULANT. adj. Quickly and suddenly impatient; saucy; per- 
 verse. L. petitions ; from peto, to seek. 
 
 PHANTASM, s. Something appearing only in the imagination. G. 
 phantasma ; from phaino, to appear. 
 
 PHANTASMAGORIA, s. An optical exhibition of figures, resembling 
 the supposed form of spectres, &c. by means of a sort of magic lan- 
 tern. G. phantasma, a spectre, and agora, an assembly. 
 
 PHANTOM, s. The appearance of a thing otherwise than what it is; 
 a false apparition. F. phantome ; from G. phaino, to appear. 
 
 PHARMACEUTIC, or PHARMACEUTICAL, adj. Relating to 
 pharmacy. G. pharmakeutikos. See PHARMACY. 
 
 PHARMACOPOEIA, s. A dispensatory; a book containing rules for 
 the composition of medicines. G. pharmakon, medicine, and poieo, 
 to make. 
 
 PHAR'MACY. s. The art of preparing medicines. G. pharmakon, a 
 medicine. 
 
 PHA'SES. s. Appearances exhibited by any body ; as the changes of 
 the moon. G. phasis, an appearance. 
 
 PHENOM'ENON. s. Appearance ; extraordinary appearance. G. 
 phainomenon ; from phainomai, to appear. 
 
 187 
 
PHI— PHY 
 
 PHILANTHROPY, s. Love of mankind. G. phileo, to love, and an* 
 
 thropos, man. 
 
 PHILIP'PIC. s. An invective declamation : — from the speeches of 
 Demosthenes against Philip, king of Macedon. 
 
 PHILOL'OGY. s. Grammatical learning; criticism. G. phileo, to 
 love, and logos, a word, — meaning, language. 
 
 PHIL'OMEL. s. A nightingale. G. Philomela, a Grecian female, who 
 is fabulously related to have been changed into a bird. 
 
 PHILOSOPHY, s. Knowledge, natural or moral ; study of nature, 
 &c. G. and L. philosophia ; G. phileo, to love, sophia, wisdom. 
 
 PHILTER, s. Something to excite love. G. philtron ; from phileo, 
 to love. 
 
 PHLEBOT'OMY. s. The science or practice of bleeding. G. phlebo- 
 tomia ; phlebos, gen. ofphleps, a vein, and temno, to cut. 
 
 PHLEGM, s. Watery humour of the body, supposed to produce slug- 
 gishness. G. phlegma ; pldego, to burn : hence, the word must have 
 originally expressed the matter formed by suppuration. 
 
 PHLEGMATIC, adj. Abounding in phlegm; generating phlegm ; 
 dull. G. phlcgmaiikos. See PHLEGM. 
 
 PHLOGISTON, s. An exploded chemical name for an imaginary 
 substance, thought to be a constituent part of all inflammable bodies. 
 G. phlogizo, to burn. 
 
 PHOSPHORUS, s. A chemical substance, which ignites when ex- 
 posed to the air. G. phos, light, and phero, to bring. 
 
 PHRASE, s. An expression; a mode of speech. G. phrasis ; phrazo, 
 to speak. 
 
 PHRASEOL'OGY. s. Style; diction. G. phrazo, to speak, and logos, 
 a word. 
 
 PHRENETIC, adj. G. See FRENETIC. 
 
 PHRENOL'OGY. s. The science which teaches the discovery of the 
 passions and affections of the mind, by inspecting the human skull. 
 G. phren, the mind, and logos, a word, or discourse. 
 
 PHREN'SY. s. G. See FRENZY. 
 
 PHTHISICAL, adj. Consumptive. See PHTHISIS. 
 
 PHTHT'SIS. s. A consumption. G. phthisis ; from phthio, to waste. 
 
 PHYLACTERY, s. A bandage worn by the Jews, on which was in- 
 scribed some remarkable sentence, as a charm. G. phulacterion ; 
 phulake, a guardian. 
 
 PHYSIANTHROPY. s. The philosophy of human life, or the doc- 
 trine of the constitution and diseases of man, and the remedies. G. 
 phusis, nature, and anthropos, a man. 
 
 PHYSTC. s. The science of healing ; medicine. G. phusike, natural 
 philosophy : phusis, nature. 
 
 PHYSTCAL. adj. Relating to nature or to phvsic ; relating to natural 
 power. See PHYSIC. 
 
 PHYS'ICS. s. The study of nature. See PHYSIC. 
 
 PHYSIOG'NOMY. s. The fallacious science of discovering the pas- 
 sions in the features of the face. G. phusiognomonia ; from phusis, 
 nature, and ginosko, to know. 
 
 PHYSIOL'OGY. s. The doctrine of the constitution of the works of 
 nature. G. phusis, nature, and logos, a description. 
 
 188 
 
PHY— PLA 
 
 PHY'TOLITE. s. A plant petrified, or fossil vegetable. G. phuton, a 
 
 plant, and lithos, a stone. 
 PHYTOL'OGY. s. A discourse or treatise on plants. G. phuton, a 
 
 plant, and logos, discourse. 
 PICTURE, s. A delineated resemblance. L. pictura ; from pictus, 
 
 p. part, of pingo, to paint. 
 PIG'MENT. s. Paint. L. pigmentum ; from pingo, to paint. 
 PIG'MY. s. A diminutive person. Derived from a nation of dwarfs, 
 
 recorded by the ancients. L. pygmceus : G. pugmaios ; from pugme, 
 
 a measure of length from the fist to the elbow. 
 PILAS'TER. s. A square column, sometimes insulated : but usually 
 
 pilasters are set within a wall, projecting only one quarter of their 
 
 diameter. F. pilastre. See PILLAR. 
 PIL'LAR. s. Literally, a pile or heap ; hence, a kind of irregular co- 
 lumn round an insulate, but deviating from the proportions of a just 
 
 column ; a supporter. F. pilier ; from the L. pila, a pile or pillar. 
 PILOS'ITY. s. Hairiness. L. pilosus, hairy : pilus, hair. 
 PI'QUANT. adj. Sharp or pungent; severe. F. piquant, part, of 
 
 piquer, to pierce. 
 PIQUE, s. Ill will ; offence taken. F. pique ; piquer, to pierce. 
 PIRATE, s. A sea-robber. L. pirata : G. peirales ; from peirazo, to 
 
 try, or to seize. 
 PIS'CARY. s. Common of piscary, is the right of fishing in another 
 
 man's waters. L. piscis, a fish. 
 PIS'CES. s. A sign of the zodiac. L. pisces, pi. of piscis, a fish. 
 PISCIVOROUS, adj. Living on fish. L. piscis, a fish, and voro, to 
 
 devour. 
 PISCOL'OGY. s. A description of the several sorts offish. L. piscis, 
 
 a fish, and logos, a word, or discourse. 
 PITTANCE, s. A very small portion. F. pitance, an allowance for 
 
 one meal in a monastery. 
 PIVOT, s. A pin on which any thing turns. F. pivot, a hinge or axis. 
 PLACARD', s. An advertisement placed against a wall, &c. F. pla- 
 card ; from placer, to place. 
 PLA'CID. adj. Gentle ; kind. L. placidus ; from placeo, to please. 
 PLA'GIARY. s. A thief in literature ; one who steals the thoughts or 
 
 writings of another. L. plagiarius : G. plagiarios ; from plagios, 
 
 oblique, sly. 
 PLAN'ET. s. One of the heavenly bodies which move around the 
 
 sun. L. planeta : G. planao, to wander. 
 PLANIMETRY, s. Mensuration of plane surfaces. L. planus, a 
 
 plane, and G. metreo, to measure. 
 PLANISPHERE, s. A map of one or both hemispheres, drawn on a 
 
 flat surface. L. planus, level, and sphaira, a sphere. 
 PLANOCON'VEX. adj. Flat on one side, and round on the other. L. 
 
 planus, level, and convexus, crooked, or arched. 
 PLAS'TER. s. An adhesive composition. F. pldtre : G. plasso, to 
 
 daub, or to fashion, mould, or shape. 
 PLAS'TIC. adj. Having the power to give form. G. plastikos ; from 
 
 plasso, to form. 
 PLATONTC. adj. Platonic love is purely mental; not sensual. Plato % 
 
 the Athenian philosopher. 
 
 189 
 
PLA— FLU 
 
 PLAUD'IT. s. Loud applause. L. plaudo, to make a noise by clap- 
 ping. 
 PLAUS'IBLE. adj. Such as gains approbation ; right in appearance; 
 
 specious. L. plausibilis. See PLAUDIT. 
 PLEAS'URE. s. Delight ; gratification ; loose gratification ; approba- 
 tion ; choice. L. placeo, to please. 
 PLEBEIAN, adj. Relating or belonging to the common people; vul. 
 
 gar. L. plebes, the common people. 
 PLE'IADES. s. A northern constellation. G. Pleiades; a name 
 
 given to seven daughters of Atlas, who are fabulously related to have 
 
 been placed in the heavens, after death. 
 PLEN'ARY. adj. Full ; without any exception. L. plenus, full. 
 PLENIPOTENTIARY, s. A negotiator invested with full power to 
 
 conclude a treaty. F. plenipotentiare : L. plenus, full, and potentia, 
 
 power. 
 PLENITUDE, s. Fulness ; completeness. F. plenitude : L. pleni- 
 
 tudo ; plenus, full. 
 PLENTY, s. Abundance; sufficiency. L. plenus, full. 
 PLEONASM, s. The using of more words than are necessary. L. 
 
 pleonasmus : G. pleonazo, to abound. 
 PLETH'ORA. s. Injurious abundance of the humours in the human 
 
 vessels. G. plethora ; from plethos, fulness. 
 PLEURISY, s. An inflammatory disorder near the breast. G. pleura, 
 
 a membrane which girds or surrounds the ribs. 
 PLI'ABLE. adj. Flexible. F. pliable ; from plier, to bend. 
 PLICATION, PLICATURE. s. Fold ; double. L. plico, to fold. 
 PLI'ERS. s. An instrument used for bending wire, &c. F. plier, to 
 
 bend. 
 PLINTH, s. A fiat, square member, which serves as a foundation to 
 
 the base of a pillar ; a square projection at the bottom of a wall. G. 
 
 plinihos, a tile. 
 PLU MAGE, s. Feathers. See PLUME. 
 
 PLUMB , s. A plummet ; a leaden weight suspended to a cord, in or- 
 der to mark a line perpendicular to the horizon. — adj. Perpendicular 
 
 to the horizon. L. plumbum, lead. 
 PLUME, s. A feather ; a bunch of feathers. L. pluma, a feather. 
 PLUME, v. To adorn with plumes ; to feel pride. See the substantive. 
 
 When it is said that a man plumes himself, it is figuratively denoting 
 
 that he dresses himself in gaudy feathers, as a reward of his assumed 
 
 merit. 
 PLUMIG'EROUS. adj. Feathered. L. pluma, a feather, and gero, to 
 
 carry. 
 PLU'MIPEDE. s. A fowl that has feathers on its feet. L. plumipedis ; 
 
 gen. of plumipes : pluma, a feather, and pes, a foot. 
 PLUMMET, s. A leaden weight, suspended to a cord, to ascertain 
 
 depth and perpendicularity. See PLUMB. 
 PLUPERFECT, adj. The name of a grammatical tense. L. plus, 
 
 more, and perfect. 
 PLU'RAL. adj. Implying more than one. L. pluralis ; from pluris, 
 
 gen. of phis, more. 
 PLURALTTY. s. A number more than one ; majority. See PLURAL. 
 PLUS. More ; opposed to m in us. L. 
 
 190 
 
PLU— POL 
 
 PLU'VIAL, PLU'VIOUS. adj. Rainy ; relating to rain. L. pluvialis, 
 
 pluvius : pluvia, rain. 
 PLUVIOMETER, s. An instrument for showing the quantity of rain 
 
 that falls. L. pluvia, rain, and G. metreo, to measure. 
 PNEUMATICS, s. The science of the density and pressure of the 
 
 atmosphere. G. pneuma, wind. 
 POACHER, s. One who steals game. F. poche, a pocket or bag. 
 POD'AGRAL. adj Afflicted with the gout. G. podagra, the gout : 
 
 podos, gen. ofpous, the foot, and agra, a catching, or weakness. 
 PO'EM. s. The work of a poet; a metrical composition, h.po'ema: 
 
 G.poiema. See POET. 
 POET. s. An author of fiction, generally in measured verses or 
 
 rhyme. L. po'eta : G. poieo, to do, or invent. 
 POI'GNANT. adj. Sharp ; painful. F. poignant : L. pungo, to prick. 
 POFGNARD. s. A sort of dagger. F. poignard ; from the L. pungo, 
 
 to prick. 
 POINT, s. The sharp end; moment; grammatical stop ; degree, &c 
 
 F. point :■ L. punctus or punctum, from pungo, to prick. 
 POLEMTCAL. adj. Controversial. G. polemikos ; from polemos, war. 
 POLI'CE. s. The regulation or government of a city or country, so 
 
 far as respects the inhabitants; a guard under the orders of the po- 
 lice government. F. police : G. polis, a city. 
 
 POLTCY. s. The art of government; prudence; management of af- 
 fairs ; stratagem. See POLICE. 
 
 POLTSH. v. To make smooth and bright ; to make elegant in man- 
 ners. L. polio, to make smooth. 
 
 POLI'TE. adj. Elegant in manners ; refined. L. politus, p. part, of 
 polio. See POLISH. 
 
 POLITICAL, adj. Relating to national affairs. G. politikos : polis, 
 a city or state. 
 
 POLLU TE. v. To defile ; to corrupt. L. polluo, to infect ; from G. 
 polu, much, and L. lues, pestilence or blight. 
 
 POL'YCHORD. s. A musical instrument, having many chords or 
 strings. G. polus, many, and chord. 
 
 POLYGAMY, s. Plurality of wives. G. polugamia ; from polus, 
 many, and gameo, to marry. 
 
 POLYGLOT, s. A book which has many languages. G. poluglottos ; 
 from polus, many, and glotta, a tongue. 
 
 POLYGON, s. A figure of many angles. G. polus, many, and gonia, 
 a corner, or angle. 
 
 POL'YGRAM. s. A figure consisting of many lines. G. polus, many, 
 and gramme, a line. 
 
 POLYPET' ALOUS. adj. Having many petals. G. polus, many, and 
 petalon, a petal. 
 
 POL'YPUS. s. Signifies, in general, any thing with many roots, or 
 feet. It is used to denote also a particular excrescence on the nose. 
 
 G. polupous : polus, many, and pous, a foot. 
 POLYSYL'LABLE. s. A word containing more than three syllables. 
 
 G. polus, many, and syllable. 
 POLYTEC'NIC. adj. A polytecnic school is an institution where 
 many sciences are taught. G. polus, many, and techne, an art or 
 science. 
 
 191 
 
POL— POR 
 
 POLY'THEIST. s. One who believes in a plurality of gods. G.polus, 
 
 many, and tkeos, a god. 
 POM'ACE. s. The substance of apples or of similar fruit, crushed by 
 
 grinding-. L. pomum, an apple. 
 POMIF'EROUS. adj. Apple-bearing ; an epithet applied to plants 
 
 which bear the larger fruits. L. pomum, an apple, and fero, to 
 
 bear. 
 POMOL'OGY. s. A description of fruit ; the science of cultivating 
 
 fruit-trees. L. pomum, an apple, and G. logos, a description. 
 POMP. s. Splendour; pride. L. pompa : G. pompe; from pempo, to 
 
 send forth. 
 PON'DER. v. To consider. L. pondero, to weigh. 
 PONDEROUS, adj. Heavy. L. ponderosus : pondus, a load. 
 PON'TAGE. s. Duty paid for the reparation of bridges. L. pontes, 
 
 gen. of pons, a bridge. 
 PONTON', s. A military bridge. F. ponton : L. pons, a bridge. 
 POP'ULACE. s. The common people. F. populace : L. populus, the 
 
 people. 
 POPULAR, adj. Suitable to the common people ; beloved by the peo- 
 ple. L. popularis ; from populus, the people. 
 POPULOUS, adj. Thickly inhabited. L. populosus ; from populus, a 
 
 people. 
 PORCELAIN, s. Fine earthen-ware. F. porcelaine ; from the Por- 
 tuguese, porcellana, a cup. 
 PORE. s. Spiracle of the skin ; passage of perspiration ; any narrow 
 
 spiracle or hole. G. poros, a passage. 
 PORE. v. To inspect with minute attention. Derived from the noun; 
 
 meaning, to look into the smallest cavity, or examine for the least 
 
 defect, &c. 
 PORT. s. A harbour for ships, made convenient for receiving and dis- 
 charging merchandise. L. portus : — (an aperture for cannon : porta, 
 
 a gate :) from porto, to carry. 
 PORTABLE, adj. That may be easily carried. F. portabilis ; from 
 
 porto, to carry. 
 PORT' AGE. s. Price of carriage ; land-road, between two navigable 
 
 waters. F. portage : L. porto, to carry. 
 PORTCUL'LIS. s. A gate, in a fortified place, suspended in a groove. 
 
 F. portcoulisse : port, a gate, and coulisse, a groove : couler, to glide. 
 PORTEND', v. To give notice, by some appearance. L. portendo ; 
 
 from porto, to carry : that is, to carry a sign. 
 PORTER, s. A common carrier. L. porto, to carry : a gate-keeper ; 
 
 porta, a gate. See PORT. 
 PORTFO'LIO. s. A case for large papers. L. porto, to carry, and fo- 
 lium, a leaf. See FOLIO. 
 POR'TION. s. A part ; a share. F. portion : L. portio : partio, to 
 
 divide. 
 PORT'LY. adj. Stately. L. porto, to carry ; meaning to carry or 
 
 hold the person erectly. 
 PORTMANTEAU, s. A bag for carrying clothes. F. portmanteau : 
 
 from porter, to carry, and manteau, a cloak. 
 POR'TRAIT. s. A picture, generally of a human being. F. portrait. 
 
 See PORTRAY. 
 
 192 
 
POR— POS 
 
 PORTRAY', v, To describe by picture. F. portraire : pour, for, and 
 
 L. traho, to draw. 
 POSI'TION. s. Situation; posture; principle laid down. li.p)sitio; 
 
 from positus, p. part, of pono, to place. 
 POS'ITIVE. adj. Absolutely fixed; dogmatical. L. positivus ; from 
 
 pono. See POSITION. 
 POS SE. s. An attendant crowd ; a vulgar abbreviation of posse comi. 
 
 tatus, 
 POSSE COMITA' TUS. The power of the inhabitants of a county ; 
 
 which the sheriff is authorized to call forth, when opposition is made 
 
 to the execution of justice. L. posse, (infin. of possum,) to have the 
 
 power, comi tut us, of the county. 
 POSSESSION, s. The state of having in one's own hands or power ; 
 
 property. L. possessio ; from possessus, p. part, of possideo, to pos- 
 sess : potis, able, and sedeo, to sit. 
 POSSIBLE, adj. Practicable. L. possibilis ; from posse, to be able, 
 
 to have power. 
 POST. s. Station; employment; office; a hasty messenger, who has 
 
 the advantage of horses, placed at convenient stations ; quick man- 
 ner of travelling; (a piece of timber, &c, set upright; L. postis.) 
 
 F. poste : L. positus, p. part, of pono, to place. 
 POSTDATE, v. To date after the real time. L. post, after, and date. 
 POSTDILU'VIAN. adj. After the Flood. L. post, after, and diluvium, 
 
 a deluge. 
 POSTERIOR, adj. Subsequent; hinder. L. posterior; from post, 
 
 after. 
 POSTERTTY. s. Succeeding generations. L. posteritas ; from post, 
 
 after, and hares, an heir. 
 POS'TERN. s. A back-gate ; a little private gate or door. L. post, 
 
 behind. 
 POSTHUMOUS, adj. After death. L. posthumus ; from post, after, 
 
 and humo, to bury : humo is from humus, earth. 
 POSTLIMINTAR. \ adj. Contrived, done, or existing subsequently ; 
 POSTLIMTNOUS. ( opposed to preliminary. L. post, after, and ti- 
 
 men, a threshold or entrance. 
 POSTIL'LION. s. One who guides the leading horses of a post-chaise; 
 
 one who guides a post-chaise. F. postilion. See POST. 
 POSTMERIDIAN, or P. M. adj. After noon. L. post, after, and 
 
 meridian. 
 POST MORTEM. After death. L. post, after, mortem, accus. of 
 
 mors, death. 
 POST O BIT. A post-obit bond is that which promises payment of 
 
 money after the death of a certain person ; generally by his heir. 
 
 L. post, after, obit, he dies : from obeo. 
 POSTPO'NE. v. To place after (with to) ; to adjourn ; to delay. L. 
 
 postpono : comp. of post, after, and pono, to place. 
 POS 1 'SCRIPT, or P. S. s. A paragraph added to the end of a letter, 
 
 «&c. L. post, after, and scriptus, p. part, of scribo, to write. 
 POSTULATE, s. A position supposed or assumed without proof. L. 
 
 postulatus, part, of postulo, to will, or demand. 
 POS'TURE. s. State; position. F. posture: L. positura. See PO- 
 SITION. 
 
 a 193 
 
PUT— PRE 
 
 PO'TABLE. adj. Such as may be drunk. L. potabilis ; from poto, to 
 drink. 
 
 POTA'TION. s. Draught; species of drink. L. potatio : poto, to drink. 
 
 PO'TENT. adj. Having power ; strong ; efficacious. L. potens, part. 
 of possum, to be able. 
 
 PO'TENT ATE. s. A sovereign. F. potentat. See POTENT. 
 
 POTEN'TIAL. adj. The potential mood denotes the power or possibi- 
 lity of acting. L. potentialis. See POTENT. 
 
 POUND, s. In law, an inclosure for the safe keeping of cattle dis- 
 trained ; from the L. ponendo, abl. gerund of pono, to put or place. 
 
 POVERTY, s. Indigence; meagerness. F. pauvrete: L. pauper, 
 poor. 
 
 PRACTICAL, adj. Relating to action ; not theoretical. See PRAC- 
 TICE. 
 
 PRACTICE, s. Use; custom; habit; performance; medical treat- 
 ment; professional employment. L. practicus, practical: G. prak- 
 tike : prasso, to act. 
 
 PRjECOG' NIT A. s. Things previously known. L. pra, before, and 
 cognitus, p. part, of cog nose o, to know. 
 
 PRAGMATTC. adj. Meddling ; intrusive. F. pragmalique : G. prag- 
 ma, business. 
 
 PRA'IRIE. s. In the United States, a natural meadow, covered with 
 long, coarse grass. F. 
 
 PRAVTTY. s. Badness of heart ; malignity ; corruption. L. pravitas ; 
 from pravus, crooked, wicked. 
 
 PRE' AMBLE, s. Preface. F. preambule : L. pra, before, and ambulo, 
 to walk. 
 
 PREB'END. s. The stipend or maintenance, granted out of the estate 
 of a cathedral or collegiate church. F. prebende ; from L. prabeo, 
 to afford or allow. 
 
 PREB'END ARY. s. A stipendiary of a cathedral. L. prebendarius ; 
 from prabeo, to allow. 
 
 PRECARIOUS, adj. Dependent ; uncertain, because depending on 
 the will of another. L. precarius ; from precor, to supplicate. 
 
 PRECATORY, adj. Suppliant. L. precatus, part, of precor, to 
 pray. 
 
 PRECAU'TION. s. Preventive measure. L. pra, before, and caution. 
 
 PRECE'DE. v. To go before. L. pracedo : comp. of pra, before, and 
 cedo, to go. 
 
 PRE'CEDENT. s. A rule or example to future times. L. pracedens, 
 part, of pracedo. See PRECEDE. 
 
 PRECENTOR, s. Leader of a choir. L. pracentor ; from pracinor, 
 to sing before : comp. of pra, before, and cano, to sing. 
 
 PRE'CEPT. s. Rule; commandment. L. praceptum ; from pra, be- 
 fore, and capio, to take or design. 
 
 PRECEPTOR, s. A teacher.. L. praceptor. See PRECEPT. 
 
 PRECESSION, s. The act of preceding. F. precession: L. prcecessus, 
 part, of pracedo. See PRECEDE. 
 
 PRE'CINCT. s. Boundary; suburb. L. pracinctus ; from praecingo, 
 to enclose. 
 
 PRECIOUS, adj. Of great price ; valuable. L. pretiosus ; from pre- 
 Hum, a price. 
 
 194 
 
PRE— PRE 
 
 PRECIPICE, s. A perpendicular declivity. L. pracipitium. See 
 PRECIPITATE. 
 
 PRECIPITATE, v. To throw head-foremost; to fall head-foremost ; 
 to hurry forward. L. pracipito : pra, before, and caput, the head. 
 
 PRECI'SE. adj. Exact; formal. L. pracisus, p. part, of pracido, to 
 pare off: pra, before, and cado, to cut. 
 
 PRECLUDE, v. To shut out, or hinder. L. pracludo ; from pra, 
 before, and claudo, to shut. 
 
 PRECLUSION, s. Act of precluding ; state of being precluded. L. 
 praclusus, p. part, of pracludo. See PRECLUDE. 
 
 PRECOC ITY. s. Early maturity. L. pracox : from pro;, before, and 
 coquo, to boil, or ripen. 
 
 PRECOGNITION, s. Previous knowledge. L. pra, before, and cog- 
 nition. 
 
 PRECONCEIVE', v. To conceive previously. L. pra, before, and 
 conceive. 
 
 PRECURSOR, s. Forerunner. L. precursor ; from pra, before, and 
 curro, to run. 
 
 PRE' DAL. adj. Plundering. L. prada, plunder. 
 
 PREDATORY, adj. Plundering; ravenous. L. pradatorius ; from 
 prada, plunder. 
 
 PREDECESSOR, s. One that preceded another. F. predecesseur : 
 L. pra, before, and decessus, part, of decedo, to depart. 
 
 PREDES'TINATE. v. To appoint beforehand. L. pra, before, and 
 destino, to design. 
 
 PREDETERMINE, v. To determine previously. L. pra, before, and 
 determine. 
 
 PRE'DIAL. adj. Consisting of farms; the produce of a farm. L. pra- 
 dium., a farm. 
 
 PREDICAMENT, s. In logic, a category ; a series or order of all 
 the predicates or attributes contained under any genus ; class or kind 
 described by any definite marks ; hence, condition, particular situa- 
 tion, or state. We say the country is in a singular predicament. L. 
 pradicamentum : from pradico, to affirm. See PREDICATE. 
 
 PREDICATE, v. To affirm any thing of another thing. L. pradico : 
 from pra, before, and dico, to say. 
 
 PREDICT', v. To foretel. L. pradictum, sup. of pradico : from pra, 
 before, and dico, to say. 
 
 PREDOMINANT, adj. Having the ascendancy ; prevalent. Y. pre- 
 dominant : L. pra, before, and dominant. 
 
 PRE-EMINENT, adj. Supremely eminent. L. pra, before, and emi- 
 nent. 
 
 PRE-EMPTION, s. The right of purchasing before another. L. pra, 
 before, and emptio, a purchasing : emptus, p. part, of emo, to pur- 
 chase. 
 
 PRE-EXIST', v. To exist previously. L. pra, before, and exist. 
 
 PREF'ACE. s. Introductory discourse. L. prafatio : from pra, before, 
 and fatus, part, of for, to speak. 
 
 PREFATORY, adj. Introductory. L. See PREFACE. 
 
 PREFECT, s. A governor ; a commander. L. prafectus : from pra- 
 ficio, to put in authority: pra, before, and facio, to make. 
 
 195 
 
FRE— PRE 
 
 PREFER', v. To regard more than another ; to advance. L. jprasfero : 
 
 from prce, before, and fero, to bring or carry. 
 PREFIX', v. To place before. L. from prce, before, and fix. 
 PREG'NABLE. adj. That may be won by force. L. prcegno, to fill. 
 PREG'NANT. adj. With young; teeming; full. F. pregnant: L. 
 
 prcsgnans : pr<e, before, and gigno, to engender, or bring forth. 
 PRE HEN SIGN. s. Act of laying hold of, or seizing. L. prehensio : 
 
 prehensus, p. part, o! prehendo, to take. 
 PREJUDGE', v. To judge previously, without waiting for proper evi- 
 dence L. prce, before, and judge. 
 PREJUDICE, s. Judgment formed without examination ; (injury : 
 
 but this sense is improper ;) L. pro, judicium ; from prce, before, and 
 
 judicium, judgment. 
 PR EL' ATE. s. An ecclesiastic of the highest order. L. prcelatus : 
 
 from prce, before, and laius, part, of feror, to be borne. 
 PRELA'TION. s. Preference ; the setting of one before another. L. 
 
 pralatio : prcelatus, p. part, of prceferor : prce, before, and fero, to 
 
 bring. 
 PRELECTION, s. Reading; lecture. L. prcelectio : prce, before, and 
 
 lectio, a reading. 
 PRELIBA'TION. s. Taste beforehand. L. prce, before, and libo, to 
 
 taste. 
 PRELIMINARY, adj. Introductory. L. prce, before, and limen, a 
 
 threshold or entrance. 
 PREL'UDE. s. Introductory entertainment; precursor. L. pr<B. 
 
 ludium : from pr<z, before, and ludo, to play. 
 PRELUSIVE, adj. In the manner of a prelude. See PRELUDE. 
 PREM'ATURE. adj. Unfinished ; immature. L. prcematurus ; from 
 
 prcB, before, and maturus, ripe. 
 PREMEDITATE, v. To think upon previously; to design. L. prce, 
 
 before, and meditate. 
 PREMTER. s. A chief; a prime minister. F. premier: L. primus, 
 
 first. 
 PREMI'SE. v. To make a previous explanation, or proposition. L. 
 
 pra, before, and missum, sup. ofmitto, to send. 
 PREMTSES. s. Propositions antecedently supposed or proved ; also, 
 
 by a perversion of language, house, or lands. See PREMISE. 
 PRE'MIUM. s. Something given to invite a loan or bargain ; a re- 
 ward. L. prmnium. See PROEM. 
 PREMON'ISH. v. To forewarn ; to admonish previously. L. prtc- 
 
 moneo : prce, before, and moneo, to warn. 
 PREMONSTRA'TION. s. The act of showing previously. L. prce, 
 
 before, and monstro, to show. 
 PRENO'MEN. s. Amongst the Romans, a name prefixed to the family 
 
 name, corresponding with our Christian name, as Caius, Lucius, 
 
 Marcus, &c. L. pr&nomen : prce, before, and nomen, a name. 
 PRE-OC'CUPY. v. To occupy previously. L. prce, before, and occupy. 
 PREPA'RE. v. To make ready. L. pr&paro : from prce, before, and 
 
 paro, to make or shape. 
 PREPENSE', adj. Preconceived; contrived before-hand; as malice 
 
 prepense. L. prcepensus : prce, before, and pensus, p. part, of pendo, 
 
 to weigh or deliberate on. 
 
 196 
 
PRE— PRE 
 
 PREPONDERATE, v. To outweigh ; to overpower by superior in- 
 fluence. L. prapondero : pra, before, and pondero, to weigh. 
 
 PREPOSI'TION. s. In grammar, an indeclinable word, governing a 
 case. L. prapositio : from pra, before, and positus, p. part, of pono, 
 to place. 
 
 PREPOS'ITIVE. adj. In grammar, signifies placed before; and, in 
 this sense, is opposed to subjunctive. L. propositus, p. part, of pra- 
 pono. See PREPOSITION. 
 
 PREPOSSESS . v. To impress an opinion before due examination ; to 
 prejudice. L. pros, before, and possess. 
 
 PREPOS'TEROUS. adj. Having that first, which ought to be last ; 
 perverted ; absurd. L. praposterus : pra, before, and posterus, the 
 following : post, after. 
 
 PREROGATIVE, s. Peculiar privilege ; something required or de- 
 manded before, or in preference to, all others. L. prarogativa : from 
 pr<B, before, and rogo. to demand or propose: — alluding to a privi- 
 lege enjoyed by some persons in Rome, of giving their votes the 
 first. 
 
 PRES'AGE. s. Prognostic. L. prasagium: from pra, before, and 
 sagax, quick-scented, or cunning. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN, s. An advocate for the government of. the church 
 by presbyteries, composed of elders. G. presbuteros, an elder. 
 
 PRES'CIENCE. s. Foreknowledge. L. prcesciens, part, of prascio : 
 from pra, before, and scio, to know. 
 
 PRESCRIBE, v. To order ; to direct, &c. L. prascribo ; from pra, 
 before, and scribo, to write, or appoint. 
 
 PRESCRIPTION, s. Custom which has become law ; medical recipe. 
 L. prascriptio. See PRESCRIBE. 
 
 PRESENT, adj. Not ;ibsent; not past, nor future. F. present: L. 
 prasens, part, of prasum : comp. of pra, before, (meaning in pre- 
 sence of,) and sum, I am. 
 
 PRESENT', v. To place in the presence of; to exhibit to view or no- 
 tice ; to offer as a gift. See the adjective. 
 
 PRESENT, s. A complimentary gift; pi. presents, things written, 
 and presented or offered in the manner of evidence, — as in a lease, 
 &c. See the verb. 
 
 PRESERVE', v. To keep with care; to save ; to prepare fruits, &c. 
 so that they may be kept from spoiling. L. praservo : comp. of pra, 
 before, and servo, to keep. 
 
 PRESI'DE. v. To sit as president. L. prasideo : from pra, before, 
 and sedeo, to sit. 
 
 PRES'IDENT. s. One who presides, or occupies the highest place. 
 L. prasidens, part, of prasideo. See PRESIDE. 
 
 PRESS, v. To squeeze ; to crush ; to distress ; to constrain ; to urge, 
 &-c. F. presser : L. pressvs, p. part, of premo, to press. 
 
 PRESUME, v. To assume before permission, or proof. L. prasumo : 
 from pra, before, and sumo, to take. 
 
 PRESUMP'TION. s. Assumption without permission. L. prasumptus, 
 p. pirt. of prasumo. See PRESUME. 
 
 PRETEND', v. To make a false representation; to claim. L. pra- 
 tendo : from pra, before, and tendo, to stretch forth [something as a 
 deception.] 
 
 k * 197 
 
PRE— FKL 
 
 PRETERIMPER'FECT. adj. An irrational term, applied, by some 
 grammarians, to one of the past tenses. L. prater, beside, and im- 
 perfect. 
 
 PRE TERIT. adj. Past. L. prateritus, p. part, ofpratereo; from pra- 
 ter, beside, and eo, to go. 
 
 PRETERNAT'URAL. adj. Not natural; miraculous. L. prater, more 
 than, and natural. 
 
 PRETERPER'FECT. adj. An irrational term, applied, by some 
 grammarians, to one of the past tenses. L. prater, beside, and 
 perfect. 
 
 PRETERPLUPER'FECT. adj. An irrational term, applied, by some 
 grammarians, to one of the past tenses. L. prater, beside, and plu- 
 perfect. 
 
 PRE'TEXT. s. Pretence. L. pratextus, p. part, of pratexo, to cloak 
 or cover : pra, before, and tectus, p. part, of tego, to cover. 
 
 PREVAIL', v. To overcome ; (with on, over, or against,) to predomi- 
 nate; to have influence. L. pravaleo : from pra, before, and valeo, 
 to be strong. 
 
 PREVALENT, adj. Predominant ; common. L. praoalens, part, of 
 pravaleo. See PREVAIL. 
 
 PREVARICATE, v. To vary in giving evidence. L. prevaricor : from 
 prce, concerning, and vario, to vary. 
 
 PREVENT', v. To obstruct. L. praventum, sup. of pravenio : pra y 
 before, and venio, to come. 
 
 PRE'VIOUS. adj. Antecedent. L. pravius : pra, before, and via, a 
 way ; that is, being before another, in proceeding. 
 
 PRIMA FACIE. On the first view ; without referring to any thing 
 subsequently. L. prima, on the first, facie, face, or figure : primus, 
 and fades. 
 
 PRI'MATE. s. The chief bishop. L. pri?nas : from primus, first. 
 
 PRIME, adj. The first ; the best. L. primus, first. 
 
 PRIME, v. To put powder into the pan of a gun; to lay on the first 
 paint. Sec the adjective. 
 
 PRIM'ER. s. A child's school-book. L. primus, first. 
 
 PRIME'VAL. adj. Such as was at first. L. primavus : from primus, 
 first, and cevum, an a^e. 
 
 PRIMTTIVE. adj. Original; ancient; uncompounded. h.primiiivus: 
 primus, first. 
 
 PRIMOGEN ITURE. s. Seniority. F. primogeniture : L. primus, first, 
 and genitus, begotten. 
 
 PRIMORDIAL, adj. Original. L. primordium, the beginning ; from 
 primus, first, and or do, a rule. 
 
 PRIMROSE, s. An early flower. L. primus, first, and rose. 
 
 FRI'MUM MOB'ILE'. That which gives motion to all the other 
 parts. L. primum, the first, mobile, moved : primus and mobilis. 
 
 PRINCE, s. A sovereign ; son of a king. F. prince : L. princeps, 
 first, chief: primus, first, and capio, to take. 
 
 PRINCIPAL, adj. Chief; essential; important. F. principal: L. 
 principalis. See PRINCIPLE. 
 
 PRINCIPIA NON HOMINES. Principles, not men: the motto 
 chosen by Mr. Monroe, when elected president of the United 
 States. 
 
 198 
 
PHI— PRO 
 
 PRINCIPLE, s. Element ; constituent part ; rule ; moral guide. F, 
 principe : L. principium : principis, gen. of princeps, first, original : 
 primus, first, and capio, to take. 
 
 PRINT, v. To mark by pressing ; to use the art of typography, &c. 
 L. imprimo : in, into, or upon, and premo, to press. 
 
 PRIOR, adj. Former ; anterior. L. prior, the former. 
 
 PRIOR'ITY. s. Precedence, in time or place. See PRIOR. 
 
 PRIS'ON. s. A jail. F. prison : pris, part, of prendre, to seize. 
 
 PRIS'TINE. adj. Ancient ; former. L. pristinus : prior, the former. 
 
 PRI'VATE. adj. Retired; secret; individual. L. privatus, p. part, of 
 privo, to take away. 
 
 PRIVATION, s. Removal of something desired. L. privatio : from 
 privo, to take away. 
 
 PRIVILEGE, s. Peculiar advantage ; something, of w r hich others are 
 deprived ; private right. F. privilege : L. privilegiurn : privus, par- 
 ticular, and legis, gen. of lex, a law. See PRIVATE. 
 
 PRIVITY, s. Private communication ; private concurrence. F. pru 
 vault. See PRIVY. 
 
 PRIVY, adj. Private ; secret ; admitted to secrets of state, (as the 
 privy council :) Y.prive. See PRIVATE. 
 
 PRIZE, s. A reward gained by a contest with competitors ; a vessel 
 or merchandise captured at sea ; gain in a lottery. F. prix, or prise, 
 from prendre, to take. 
 
 PRO AND CON. A vulgar abbreviation of pro and contra, for and 
 against. 
 
 PROBABLE, adj. Apparently true. L. probabilis : from probo, to 
 prove or allow. 
 
 PROBATE, s. Proof of a will. L.probatus: from probo, to prove, or 
 allow. 
 
 PROBATIONER, s. One who is upon trial ; a novice. L. probatio, 
 
 ^ a trial ; from probo, to prove. 
 
 PROBATORY, adj. Serving for trial. L. probo, to prove. 
 
 PROBE, v. To examine a deep wound with an instrument. L. probo, 
 to try. 
 
 PROBITY, s. Honesty; veracity. L. probitas : from probatus, (p. 
 part, of probo,) proved. 
 
 PROB'LEM. s. A question proposed. G. problema : proballo, to pro- 
 pose : pro, before, and ballo, to throw. 
 
 PRO BONO PUBLICO. For public benefit. L. 
 
 PROCEED', v. To move forward; to act; to issue. L. procedo : from 
 pro, forward, and cedo, to go. 
 
 PROCESS, s. Progressive course ; operation ; course of law. F. pro- 
 ces : L. processus : from procedo. See PROCEED. 
 
 PROCESSION, s. A train moving in ceremonious solemnity. F. 
 procession : L. processio. See PROCESS. 
 
 PROCLAIM', v. To make public. L. proclamo : pro, before, and 
 clamo, to call. 
 
 PROCON'SUL. s. A deputy consul. L. pro, for, and consul. 
 
 PROCRASTINATE, v. To defer through idleness. L. procrastinor : 
 from pro, for, eras, to-morrow, and teneo, to hold. 
 
 PROCREATE, v. To generate; to produce. L. procreo: pro, for- 
 ward, and creo, to create. 
 
 199 
 
PRO— PRO 
 
 PROCTOR, s. A manager of another's affairs; an attorney of the 
 spiritual court; the magistrate of a university. L. procurator. See 
 PROCURE. 
 
 PROCURATION. 8. Power giyen to transact business for another. 
 L. procuratio. See PROCURE. 
 
 PROCURE, v. To obtain ; to cause. L. procuro ; from pro, for, and 
 euro, to take care of. 
 
 PROD IGAL. adj. Lavish. L. prodigus ; from prodigo, to drive forth : 
 pro, before, and ago, to drive or act. 
 
 PRODIGY, s. Something out of the ordinary course of nature. L. 
 prodigium. — This word seems to have an affinity with prodigal. 
 
 PRODUCE, v. To exhibit; to bring forth. L. produco ; from pro, 
 signifying forward, and duco, to bring. 
 
 PRODUCE, s. That which any thing yields, of a material nature. 
 It is different in its meaning from product, which is an arithmetical 
 result. See the verb. 
 
 PRO'DUCT. s. Result; sum; of an arithmetical, rather than of a 
 material kind. It is used in a different sense from produce, which 
 is a material result. L. produclus, p. part, of produco. See PRO- 
 DUCE. 
 
 PRODUCTION, s. The act of producing ; the thing produced ; pro- 
 duce. F. production. See PRODUCT. 
 
 PROEM, s. Preface ; introduction. Old F. proline : L. procemium : 
 G. prooimion : pro, before, and oime, a way. 
 
 PROFANE, adj. Irreverent to sacred things; not sacred. L. pro- 
 fanus : pro, before, and fanum, a temple. 
 
 PROFESS', v. To declare openly ; to follow as a profession. F. pro- 
 fessus, part, of projiteor : from pro, before, and fateor, to confess. 
 
 PROFI'CIENT. adj. Highly advanced in the knowledge of any thing. 
 L. projiciens, part, of proficio, to go forward : pro, before, and facio, 
 to do. 
 
 PROFTT. s. Gain ; pecuniary advantage; accession of good. F. profit: 
 L. profectus ; from proficio: pro, forward, and facio, to make. 
 
 PROFLIGATE, adj. Abandoned; completely lost to virtue and de- 
 cency. L. profiigatus : pro, forward, andfiAgo, to dash or beat. 
 
 PROFOUND', adj. Very deep ; humble; intellectually deep. L. pro- 
 fundus : pro, before, or far off, and fundus, the bottom. Profound 
 may be applied to great learning, by supposing that a scholar has 
 examined deeply : and to humility, from the posture in bowing. 
 
 PROFUNDITY, s. Depth. See PROFOUND. 
 
 PROFU'SE. adj. Prodigal; exuberant. L. proj usus, part, of profundo y 
 to pour out. 
 
 PROGENITOR, s. A forefather; a person, either male or female, 
 from whom another has descended. L. progenitor ; from pro, before, 
 and genn, to beget. 
 
 PROG'ENY. s. Offspring. L. progenies : pro, forward, and genus, a 
 race. 
 
 PROGNOS'TIC. s. Something by which we may foretel ; an omen. 
 G. prognostikos : pro, before, and ginosJco, to know. 
 
 PROGRESS, s. Motion forward ; advancement. L. progressus ; from 
 pro, forward, and gressus, part, of gradior, to go: gradus, a step. 
 
 PRO H AC VICE. For this turn ; for the present occasion. L. 
 
 200 
 
PRO— PRO 
 
 PROHIB'IT. v. To forbid ; to hinder. L. prohibeo ; from pro, before, 
 and habeo, to have or hold -.meaning - , some obstruction. 
 
 PROJECT', v. To throw forward; to jut out; to contrive. L. pro- 
 jectum, sup. of projicio ; from pro, before, and jacio, to throw. 
 
 PROLATE, adj. Extended beyond an exact round. L. prolatus, p. 
 part, of profero, to thrust out : pro, before, and fero, to carry. 
 
 PROLEGOMENA, s. Preliminary observations. G. pro, before, and 
 lego, to speak. 
 
 PROLEP'SIS. s. A form of rhetoric, by which objections are antici- 
 pated; an error in chronology, by which events are dated too early. 
 G. prolepsis : pro, before, and lambano, to take. 
 
 PROLIFIC, adj. Fruitful ; productive. F. prolifiaue : L. proles, a 
 race, and facio, to make. 
 
 PROLIX, adj. Long ; not concise. L. prolixus ; from pro, and laxus, 
 loose. 
 
 PROLOCUTOR, s. Speaker of a convocation. L. prolocutor ; from 
 pro, for, and loquor, to speak. 
 
 PROLOGOM'ENA. s. Prefatory matter. G. pi. of prologomenon. See 
 PROLOGUE. 
 
 PRO'LOGUE. s. Preface ; something spoken before the beginning of 
 a play. G. prologos ; from pro, before, and logos, a word. 
 
 PROMENA'DE. s. A walk ; a place for walking. F. from promener, 
 to walk ; pro, signifying forward, and metier, to carry, or lead. 
 
 PROMTNENT. adj. Projecting ; conspicuous. L. prominens, part, 
 of promineo, to jut out. 
 
 PROMISCUOUS, adj. Mingled ; confused. L. promiscuus ; from pro, 
 and misceo, to mix. 
 
 PROM'ISE. s. Declaration of design ; expectation ; hope. L. promis- 
 sum ; from pro, before, and mitto, to send : that is, to send out the 
 declaration before the performance is accomplished. 
 
 PROM'ONTORY. s. High land, jutting into the sea; a cape or head- 
 land. L. promontorium : pro, before, and mons, a mountain. 
 
 PROMO'TE. v. To forward ; to advance. L. promotum, sup. of pro. 
 move.o ; from pro, forward, and moveo, to move. 
 
 PROMPT, adj. Ready ; quick ; instant. F. prompt : L. promptus, p. 
 part, of promo, to draw out, or bring forth. Prompt payment is 
 money drawn out. 
 
 PROMP'TER. s. One who aids the memory, as at a theatre. See 
 PROMPT. 
 
 PROMUL'GATE. v. To make public. L. promulgo : — the primitives 
 seem to be pro, before, and vulgus, the common people. 
 
 PRONE, adj. Lying with the face downward, as in the act of wor- 
 shipping; bending downward ; inclined. L. pronus, downward. 
 
 PRO'NOUN. s. A word used instead of a noun. L. pro, instead of, 
 and noun. 
 
 PRONOUNCE', v. To utter; to declare. L. pronuntio ; from pro, be- 
 fore, (in presence of,) and nuntio, to tell. 
 
 PROP'AGATE. v. To continue to increase the kind, by generation 
 or successive production. L. pro, forward, and ago, to go or drive. 
 
 PROPEL', v. To drive forward. L. propello ; from pro, forward, and 
 pello, to drive. 
 
 201 
 
PRO— PRO 
 
 PROPEN'SITY. s. Strong inclination; desire. L. propensio; from 
 propensus, part, of propendeo : pro, forward, and pendeo, to hang. 
 
 PROPER, adj. Peculiar; not common ; natural; suitable. F. proprc : 
 L. proprius, peculiar. 
 
 PROP'ERTY. s. Peculiar quality ; disposition ; thing possessed in 
 one's own right. See PROPER. 
 
 PROPH'ET. s. One who foretels by divine inspiration. G. prophetes ; 
 from pro, before, and phemi, to say. 
 
 PROPHETIC, or PROPHETICAL, adj. Foreseeing or foretelling 
 future events. See PROPHET. 
 
 PROPHYLACTIC. ( adj. In medicine, preventive; defending 
 
 PROPHYLACTIC AL. £ from disease. G. prophulaktikos : pro, 
 before, and phulasso, to preserve. 
 
 PROPI'TIATE. v. To gain the favour of. L. propilio : probably from 
 piope, near; because the heathens always solicited their deities to 
 be near or present, to give their aid in favour of their designs. 
 
 PROPORTION, s. Comparative relation; symmetry. L. proportio ; 
 from pro, according to, and portio, a part: that is, one part agreeing 
 with another. 
 
 PROPOSE, v. To offer for consideration. L. propositum, sup. of pro- 
 pono ; from pro, before, and pono, to place. 
 
 PROPOUND', v. To propose. L. propono. See PROPOSE. 
 
 PROPRIETOR, s. An owner. L. See PROPERTY. 
 
 PROPRIETY, s. Accuracy ; justness. L. proprietas ; from proprius, 
 fit. See PROPER. 
 
 PROPUL'SION. s. Act of propelling. L. propulsus, p. part, of pro- 
 pello. See PROPEL. 
 
 PRO RATA. Proportionally ; according to a prescribed rate. L. 
 
 PRO RE NAT A. For the thing as it arises; for the occasion as it 
 happens. L. 
 
 PRORO'GUE. v. To prorogue a parliament is to continue it from one 
 session to another. L. prorogo, to defer ; from pro, forward, and 
 rogo, to desire or request. 
 
 PROSCEN IUM. s. The large open space, in front of the scenes of a 
 theatre, in which the actors perform their parts. L. comp. of pro, 
 before, and scena, a scene. 
 
 PROSCRIBE, v. To doom to destruction ; to forbid. L. proscribo ; 
 from pro, concerning, and scribo, to write. 
 
 PROSCRIPTION, s. Act of proscribing. L. proscriptio : proscriptus, 
 p. part, of proscribo. See PROSCRIBE. 
 
 PROSE, s. Language not restrained to harmonic sounds or regular 
 number of syllables. F. prose: L. prosa ; from prorsus, straight for- 
 ward ; by way of opposition to versus, (hence verse,) a turning back- 
 ward. See VERSE. 
 
 PROS'ECUTE. v. To pursue ; to continue. L. prosequor ; from pro, 
 forward, and seqvor, to follow. 
 
 PROS'ELYTE. s. A convert; one brought over to a new opinion, 
 such as from the Jewish or Mahomedan, to the Christian faith. But 
 a. proselyte must be distinguished from a convert : — the latter con- 
 forms with the heart ; the former, only by outward action. L. pro- 
 sclytus : G. proselutos ; from proserchomai, to be come to, or be 
 added to. 
 
 202 
 
PRO— PRO 
 
 PROS'ODY. s. That part of grammar which teaches the just sound 
 and quantity of syllables, and the measures of verse. G. prosodia : 
 pros, for, and ode, a song. 
 
 PROSOPOPOEIA, s. Personification. G. prosopopoiia ; from prosopon, 
 a person, and poieo, to make. 
 
 PROSPECT, s. View of something distant. L. prospectus, part, of 
 prospicio ; from pro, forward, and specio, to see. 
 
 PROSPECTIVE, adj. Relating to a distant view. See PROSPECT. 
 
 PROSPECTUS, s. Plan, generally of a proposed literary work. L. 
 prospectus. See PROSPECT. 
 
 PROSPER, v. To favour; to render or be successful, h.prospero: 
 G. pros, towards, and phero, to bear. 
 
 PROSPI'CIENCE. s. The act of looking forward. L. prospiciens, 
 part, of prospicio : pro, forward, aud specio, to see. 
 
 PROSTERNA'TION. s. Act of overthrowing. L. pro, forward, and 
 sterno, to spread, or prostrate. 
 
 PROS'TITUTE. v. To expose to crime, or commit sin, for a reward. 
 L. prostituo ; from pro, forward, and statum, sup. of sto, to stand; 
 meaning, to offer one's services in a public market. 
 
 PROSTRATE, adj. Lying at length ; thrown down. L. prostratus, 
 p. part, of prosterno ; from pro, before, and sterno, to spread. 
 
 PROSTYLE, s. In architecture, a range of columns in the front of a 
 temple. G. prostulos : pro, before, and stulos, a column. 
 
 PRO TAN' TO. For so much ; for that quantity. L. 
 
 PROTECT', v. To shield ; to defend. L. protectum, sup. of protego ; 
 from pro, before, and tego, to cover. 
 
 PRO- TEMPORE. For a time ; not permanently. L. pro, for, tem- 
 pore, abl. of temp us, time, or a time. 
 
 PROTER'VITY. s. Peevishness. L. prater vitas : protervus, saucy, 
 peevish. 
 
 PROTEST', v. To record in the manner of a notary ; to object. L. 
 protestor ; from pro, for, and testor, to bear witness : testis, a witness, 
 
 PROTHON OTARY. s. Chief notary, or register. G. protos, first, 
 and notary. 
 
 PROTOCOL, s. The original copy ; a record or registry. G. protos, 
 first, and kolla, glue ; so called, perhaps, from the gluing together of 
 pieces of paper, or from the spreading of it on tablets. It was for- 
 merly the upper part of the leaf of a book, on which the title or name 
 was written. 
 
 PROTOMAR'TYR. s. The first martyr ; a term applied to St. Ste- 
 phen. G. protos, first, and MARTYR. 
 
 PROTOPLAST, s. The original ; the thing first formed as a copy to 
 be imitated. G. protos, first, and plastos, formed. 
 
 PROTOTYPE, s. The original. F. prototype : G. prototupon ; from 
 protos, first, and tvpos, a mark or form. 
 
 PROTRACT, v. To lengthen ; to prolong a continuation ; to delay. 
 L. protractum, sup. of protraho ; from pro, forward, and traho, to 
 draw. 
 
 PROTRU'DE. v. To thrust forward. L. protrudo ; from pro, before, 
 and trudo, to thrust. 
 
 PROTRUSION, s. Act of protruding. L. protrusus, p. part, of pro- 
 trudo. See PROTRUDE. 
 
 203 
 
PRO— PUI 
 
 PROTU BERANCE. s. A swelling ; prominence. L. pro, before, (on 
 
 the surface,) and tuber, a bunch or excrescence. 
 PROVERB, s. A short moral sentence. L. proverbium ; from pro, 
 
 for, and verbum, a word ; meaning an expression used for something 
 
 particular. 
 PROVERBIAL, adj. Mentioned as a proverb; resembling a proverb. 
 
 See PROVERB. 
 PROVI'DE. v. To make ready beforehand ; to supply ; to stipulate. 
 
 L. provideo ; from pro, before, and video, to see. 
 PROVIDENCE, s. The act of providing; divine superintendence. 
 
 F. providence. See PROVIDE. 
 PROVINCE, s. Originally, a conquered country ; generally, a large 
 
 district. L. provincia ; from pro, before, and vinco, to conquer. 
 PROVIS'ION. s. Something provided : stipulation. L. provisio ; from 
 
 provideo. See PROVIDE. 
 PROVISO, s. Stipulation; condition. L. proviso, abl. of provisus, p. 
 
 part, of provideo. See PROVIDE. 
 PROVOCATION, s. Act or cause by which anger is excited. L. pro- 
 
 vocalio. See PROVOKE. 
 PROVO'KE. v. To enrage ; to promote. L. provoco : from pro, for- 
 ward, and voco, to call. 
 PROW. s. The forepart of a ship. F. proue : G.prora: from pro, be- 
 
 fore, and rheo, to proceed. 
 PRO'WESS. s. Bravery ; valour ; courageous excitement which places 
 
 a man forward, or in the front of a battle. F. prouesse. See 
 
 PROW. 
 PROXIM'ITY. s. Nearness. L. proximitas : from proximus, nearest. 
 PROX'Y. s. The agency of another ; the agent employed. Abbrevia- 
 tion of L. proximus, a neighbour. See PROXIMITY. 
 PRU'DENT. adj. Provident ; discreet. F. prudent : L. prudens, an 
 
 abbreviation of providcns. See PROVIDE. 
 PRU'RIENCE. s. Great desire or appetite for any thing. L. pruriens, 
 
 part, ofprurio, to itch. 
 PSALM, s. A holy song. G. psalmos, a tune for a musical instru- 
 ment ; from psallo, to strike [the harpstrings] : psallo, signifies also, 
 
 to praise in song, — the harp being originally used for songs of praise ; 
 
 as by David. 
 PSAL'TER. s. The volume of psalms. G. psalterion : from psallo. 
 
 See PSALM. 
 PSEU'DO. adj. False ; counterfeit. G. pseudos, false. 
 PU'BERTY. s. Sexual maturity. L. pubertas : from puber, of ripe 
 
 age. 
 PUBLISH, v. To make public ; to issue from the press. L. publico, 
 
 to make public. 
 PU'CELAGE. s. State of virginity. Y.pucelage: pucelle, a maid. 
 PU'ERILE. adj. Boyish; childish. L. pucrilis ; from puer, a boy. 
 PUER'PERAL. adj. Relating to childbirth. L. puer, a child, and 
 
 pario, to bring forth. 
 PfjGNA'CITY. s. Quarrelsomeness ; inclination to fight. L. pugna- 
 
 cilas : pugna, a fight. 
 PUISNE', adj. A puisne (puny) judge, is one of inferior rank. F. 
 
 puisne, younger : puis, afterwards, and ne, part, of naitre, to be born. 
 
 204 
 
PUI— PUR 
 
 PUISSANT, adj. Powerful. F. from pouvoir, to be able. 
 
 PUL'CHRITUDE. s. Beauty. L. pulchritudo : pulcher, beautiful. 
 
 PUL'MONARY. adj. Relating to the lungs. L. pulmo, the lungs. 
 
 PULSA'TION. s. The act of beating or moving rapidly against some- 
 thing opposing ; the beating of the pulse. L. pulsalio : pulsus, p. 
 part, ofpello, to strike. 
 
 PULSE, s. The perceptible action of the blood, in certain parts of the 
 body. L. pulsus : from a part, of pello, to strike. 
 
 PUL'VERIZE. v. To reduce to powder. L. pulveris, gen. of pulvis^ 
 dust. 
 
 PUNCTILIO, s. A nice point of exactness; etiquette. See PUNC- 
 TUAL. 
 
 PUNCTILIOUS, adj. Extremely exact. See PUNCTUAL. 
 
 PUNCTUAL, adj. Attentive to the time appointed ; exact. F. punc- 
 tuel : L. punctum, a point. See POINT. 
 
 PUNCTUA'TION. s. The act or method of pointing, or placing stops. 
 L. punctum, a point. See POINT. 
 
 PUNCTURE, s. A hole made by a sharp point. L. punctum, a point. 
 See POINT. 
 
 PUNGENT, adj. Sharp on the tongue ; piercing ; acrimonious. L. 
 pungens, part, of pungo, to prick. 
 
 PUNISH, v. To pain; to afflict with pain. L. punio : posna, pain. 
 
 PU'NITIVE. adj. Awarding or inflicting punishment. L. punio, to 
 punish. 
 
 PU'NY. adj. Inferior ; weak. See PUISNE'. 
 
 PU'PIL. s. A scholar. L. pupillus, a male orphan ; papilla, a female 
 orphan : from papa, a baby : also, the apple of the eye ; alluding to 
 the small image reflected by the eye. 
 
 PUP'PET. s. A small image, moved by wires, in a mock drama. L. 
 pupus, a young child. 
 
 PURCHASE, v. In law, to acquire an estate, by any method except 
 by descent : — to obtain at an expense, as of labour or danger ; to buy 
 for a price. F. pour, for, and chasser, to chase or pursue. 
 
 PUR'GATORY. s. A temporary hell, or place of purgation from sin, 
 believed to exist by the Roman Catholics. L. purgatorium : from 
 purgo. See PURGE. 
 
 PURGE, v. To cleanse. L. purgo, to cleanse. 
 
 PUR'LIEU. s. Besides the creation of new forests, the Norman kings 
 of England made great additions to the Saxon forests, by encroach- 
 ing upon the lands of their subjects. These encroachments, called 
 purlieus, were afterwards disafforested, as far as regarded the rights 
 of the land-owner ; but they continued subject to the forest laws, in 
 respect to all other persons. F. pur, pure, or unmixed, and lieu, 
 place. 
 
 PUR'PORT. s. Design; tendency. F. pourporte : from pour, for, and 
 porter, to carry. L. pro, and porto. 
 
 PUR'POSE. s. Intention; effect of the intention. F. pour, for, and 
 poser, to place : L. pro, and pono. 
 
 PURSUE', u. To chase ; to continue. F. poursuivre : from pour, for, 
 and suivre, to follow. 
 
 PURSUIVANT, s. An attendant on the heralds. F.poursuivant, part, 
 of poursuivre, to follow. 
 
 s 205 
 
PUR— QUA 
 
 PURULENT, adj. Consisting of corrupted matter. L. purulentus : 
 from puris, gen. of pus, corruption. 
 
 PURVEYOR, s. One who collects provisions ; a procurer. F. pur- 
 voyeur : from pour, for, and voir, to see. 
 
 PUS. s. Matter issuing from a sore. L. pus, corruption. 
 
 PUSILLANIM'ITY. s. Cowardice. F. pusillanimite : L. pusillus, 
 weak, and animus, the soul, or mind. 
 
 PUSTULE, s. A small swelling. F. pustula : pus, matter, or cor- 
 ruption. 
 
 PUTATIVE, adj. Supposed; reputed. F.putatif: L. puto, to think. 
 
 PUTREFY, v. To rot ; to become foul. F. putrifier : L. putris, rotten, 
 and Jio, to become. 
 
 PUTRESCENT, adj. Growing rotten or foul. L. putrescens, part. 
 ofputresco : from putris, rotten. 
 
 PUTRID, adj. Rotten; foul. L. putridus, rotten. 
 
 PYG'MY. See PIGMY. 
 
 PYRAMID, s. A solid figure, the sides of which are plain triangles, 
 meeting in a point F. pyramide : G. puramis ; from pur, fire : be- 
 cause fire ascends in a similar form. 
 
 PY'RITES. s. A mineral, sometimes called ^re-stone. Some of its 
 varieties are sulphurets of iron, and others, sulphurets of copper, with 
 a portion of alumine and silex. G. pur, fire. 
 
 PY'ROFUGE. s. A machine, by which persons may escape from fire. 
 G. pur, fire, and L. fugio, to flee. 
 
 PYROL'ATRY. s. The worship of fire. G. pur, fire, and latreia, 
 worship. 
 
 PYROLIG'NOUS. adj. The acid called pyrolignous, resembles the 
 acetous ; and is obtained by exposing wood, confined in a cylinder 
 of iron, to the action of fire. G. pur, fire, and L. lignum, wood. 
 
 PYROL'OGY. s. A treatise on heat ; the natural history of heat, latent 
 and sensible. G. pur, fire, and logos, discourse. 
 
 PYR'OMANCY. s. Divination by fire. G. pur, fire, and manteia, 
 divination. 
 
 PYROM'ETER. s. An instrument, invented by Wedgewood, for ascer- 
 taining the heat of ovens, furnaces, and intense fires. G. pur, fire, 
 and metreo, to measure. 
 
 PYROPH'ORI. s. Compound substances, which ignite on the admis- 
 sion of atmospheric air. G. pur, fire, and phero, to bear. 
 
 PYROTECHNICS, s. The art of making fireworks. G. pur, fire, and 
 techne, art. 
 
 PYRR'HONISM. s. Scepticism ; universal doubting. Pyrrho, a Gre- 
 cian philosopher, the founder of the Sceptics. 
 
 Q. 
 
 QUAD'RANGLE. s. A square ; a surface with four right angles. L. 
 
 quadravgulus : quadratus, (from quatuor, four,) squared, and angu- 
 
 lus, an angle. 
 QUAD'RANT. s. A quarter; the quarter of a circle; an instrument 
 
 for measuring altitudes. L. quadrans, the fourth part : qualuor, 
 
 four. 
 
 206 
 
QUA— QUA 
 
 QUAD'RATE. adj. Square ; divisible into four equal parts. L. quad. 
 
 ratus, part, of quadro, to square : quatuor, four. 
 QUADRATIC, adj. Square; denoting a square, or pertaining to it. 
 
 See QUADRATE. 
 QUADRATURE, s. The act of squaring; state of being square; the 
 
 first and last quarter of the moon. L. quadratura. See QUAD- 
 RATE. 
 QUADREN'NIAL. adj. Lasting four years; happening once in four 
 
 years. L. quadriennium, the space of four years; comp. of quatuor, 
 
 four, and annus, a year. 
 QUAD'RIBLE. adj. Capable of being squared. L. quadro, to square : 
 
 quatuor, four. 
 QUADRILATERAL, adj. Having four sides. L. quatuor, four, and 
 
 Uteris, g-en. of latus, a side. 
 QUADRILLE', s. A kind of game at cards, and also a dance in which 
 
 four partake. F. from the L. quatuor, four. 
 QUADRIPAR'TITE. adj. Having four parts. L. quatuor, four, and 
 
 partitus, p. part, of partio, to divide : pars, a part. 
 QUADRUPED, s. An animal which has four feet. L. quadrupedis, 
 
 gen. of quad 'rupes : from quatuor, four, and pes, a foot. 
 QUADRU'PLE. adj. Fourfold ; four times told. L. quadruplus : qua- 
 
 tuor, four. 
 QUADRIPLICATE, v. To double twice ; to make fourfold. L. 
 
 quadrnplico : quatuor, four, and plico, to fold. 
 QUALIFY", v. To adapt ; to furnish with what is necessary for a par- 
 
 ticular state or profession ; to abate. F. qualifier : L. qualis, such 
 
 as, and facio, to make. 
 QUALITY, s. Sort, relatively considered; property; rank. L. qua- 
 
 litas : qualis, of what kind; such as. 
 QUAMDI'U SE BENE GES'SERIT. As long as he shall conduct 
 
 himself properly ; a condition on which the English judges hold their 
 
 offices. L. quamdiu, as long as, gesserit, (from gero,) he shall con. 
 
 duct, se, himself, bene, well. 
 QUAN'TITY. s. Indeterminate weight or measure ; portion ; proso- 
 
 dial measure. L. quantitas. 
 QUAN'TUM. s. Quantity; amount; proportion assigned. L. quan- 
 titas, from quantus, how much, or as much as. 
 QUAN'TUM MERUIT. As much as he has earned, or deserved. L. 
 
 quantus, and mereo. 
 QUAN'TUM SUFFI'CIT. As much as is sufficient. L. quantus and 
 
 sufficio. 
 QUA' RE IMPE'DIT. The name of a writ, which lies for the patron 
 
 of a church -living, against the person who has disturbed his right 
 
 of advowson. L. quare, wherefore, i/npedit, (from impedio,) he 
 
 hinders. 
 QUAR'ANTINE. s. Originally, the space of forty days, in which a 
 
 ship, suspected of infection, was obliged to forbear intercourse with 
 
 the port to which she was bound ; but the duration of quarantine is 
 
 now variable. F. quarantaine : quarante, forty. 
 QUAR'REL. s. A breach of concord ; a brawl ; a dispute. F. que- 
 
 relle ; L. querela, a complaint : quero, to complain. 
 
 207 
 
QUA— QUI 
 
 QUART, s. The fourth part of a gallon. F. quart : L. quartus, the 
 fourth ; from quatuor, four. 
 
 QUART' AN. adj. A quartan ague occurs every fourth day. L. qvar- 
 tanus : quartus, the fourth : quatvor, four. 
 
 QUARTA'TION. s. A chemical operation, by which, three parts of 
 silver are fused with a fourth part of gold, in order to purify the 
 latter. L. quartus, the fourth. 
 
 QUART'ER. s. A fourth part ; a region of the skies, as denoted by 
 the mariner's compass ; a particular region of the town or country, 
 without regard to arithmetical division : hence, the term quarters, 
 for military. F. quartier : L. quartus : quatuor, four. 
 
 QUART I LE. s. An aspect of the planets, when they are ninety de- 
 grees (the fourth of a circle) distant from each other. L. See 
 QUARTER. 
 
 QUARTO, s. A book in which every sheet of paper makes four leaves. 
 L. abl. of quartus, the fourth. 
 
 QUASH, v. To crush ; to subdue suddenly ; to annul ; to abate. L. 
 quatio, to shake or shatter. 
 
 QUA'TERCOUSINS. s. Those within the first four degrees of kin- 
 dred. F. quatre, for, and cousins. 
 
 QUATERNITY. s. A term which includes four. L. quaterni : qua- 
 tuor, four. 
 
 QUE'RENT. s. The complainant. L. querens, part, ofqueror, to com- 
 plain. 
 
 QUERIST, s. An inquirer. L. qucero, to seek. 
 
 QUER'ULOUS. adj. Mourning; whining; habitually complaining. 
 L. querulus : querela, a complaint; queror, to complain. 
 
 QUE'RY. s. A question ; an inquiry to be resolved. L. qucsre, imper. 
 of qucero, to seek. 
 
 QUEST, s. Search. F. queste : L. qucesitus, p. part, of qucero, to 
 seek. 
 
 QUES'TION. s. Interrogatory; subject of inquiry or debate; doubt. 
 F. question : L. questio : qucesitus, p. part, of qucero, to seek. 
 
 QUID-NUNC. s. A news-hunter, or coffee-house politician. L. quid, 
 what, nunc, now. 
 
 QUIESCENT, adj. Not moving ; reposing. L. quiescens, part, of 
 quiesco, to be quiet. 
 
 QUIET, adj. Still ; free from disturbance ; inoffensive. L. quietus, 
 part, of quiesco, to be quiet. 
 
 QUIETUS, s. A cant word, denoting something to render a person 
 tame or submissive. L. quietus, p. part, of quiesco, to rest. 
 
 QUI'NARY. adj. Consisting of five. L. quinarius : quinque, five. 
 
 QUINQUAGES'IMA. adj. "Quinquagesima, or Shrove Sunday, is the 
 fiftieth day before Easter, reckoned by whole numbers. L. fern, of 
 quinquagesimus, the fiftieth. 
 
 QUINQUENNIAL, adj. Lasting five years; happening once in five 
 years. L. quinquennis : quinque, five, and annus, a year. 
 
 QUINTESSENCE, s. An imaginary fifth being of the old philoso- 
 phers ; an extract from any thing, containing all its virtues, in a 
 small bulk. L. quinta, fem. of quintus, the fifth, and essence. 
 
 QUINTUPLE, adj. Fivefold. L. quintuplus : quinque, five. 
 
 QUIRE, s. A body of singers. F. choeur. See CHOIR. 
 
 * 208 
 
QUI— RAD 
 
 QUIT. u, To relinquish; to leave off; to abandon; to resign. F. 
 quitter : L. quietus, p. part, of quiesco, to rest. 
 
 QUI TAM. An action in the manner of an information on a penal 
 statute. L. qui, who, tarn, as well : that is, the informer, who as 
 well, for the king- as for himself, sues, &c. 
 
 QUIT-RENT. s. Quit-rents, quieti reditus ; so called because thereby 
 the tenant goes quit and free of all other services. See QUIT. 
 
 QUO' AD HOC. As far as this [point of the argument, &c] L. 
 quoad, as much as, or, as far as, hoe, this. 
 
 QUO AN'IMO. " With what mind," or with what design or intention. 
 L. abl. of qui, and animus. 
 
 QUO JURE, By what right. L. abl. of qui, a.nd jus. 
 
 QUO MO' DO. In what manner. L. abl. of qui, and modus. 
 
 QUON'DAM. Having been formerly. L. quondam, in time past. 
 
 QUORUM, s. A term used to distinguish a magistrate of a certain 
 rank; a bench of magistrates ; a number of any members sufficient 
 to transact business. The term is thus used, from the words of the 
 commission, — " quorum, A. B. unurn esse volumus,'''' {of whom, A. B. 
 we wish you to be one.) Where a commission is directed to seven 
 persons, or to any three of them, whereof A. B. and C. D. are to be 
 two ; in this case, they are said to be of the quorum {of whom ;) be- 
 cause, the rest cannot proceed to business without them ; — so, " a 
 justice of the peace and quorum," is one, without whom the rest of 
 the justices, in some cases, cannot proceed ; and a quorum of any 
 deliberative assembly has the same relation. 
 
 QUO'TA. s. Share ; proportion assigned to each. L. fern, of quotus ; 
 from quot, as many as. 
 
 QUOT1DTAN. adj. A quotidian fever returns every day. L. quolidi- 
 anus : quot, every, and dies, a day. 
 
 QUO'TIENT. s. A number produced by the division of two other 
 given numbers, the one by the other : as, the quotient of 50, divided 
 by 10, is 5. F. quotient: L. quoties, as many times. 
 
 QUO WARRANTO. By what warrant, or authority. L. 
 
 R. 
 
 RAB'BLE. s. A tumultuous crowd ; the lowest of the populace. L. 
 
 rabula, a wrangler : rabo, to rave, or be mad. 
 RAB'DOMANCY. s. Pretended divination by means of rods. G. rab- 
 
 dos, a rod, and manteia, a foretelling. 
 RA'DIANT. adj. Emitting rays ; shining. L. radians, part, of radio, 
 
 to emit beams and rays, or to glitter : radius, a ray : G. rabdos, a 
 
 small branch, or rod. 
 RA'DIATED. adj. Adorned with rays. L. radiatus. See RADIANT. 
 RADTCAL. adj. Affecting the root ; primitive; implanted by nature. 
 
 F. radical: L. radicis, gen. of radix, a root. 
 RADTCATE. v. To form a root ; to plant deeply and firmly. L. ra. 
 
 dicor : radix, a root. 
 RADTCLE. s. That part of the seed, which, after its vegetation, be- 
 comes its root. L. radicula, dim. of radix, a root. 
 RA'DIUS. s. The semidiameter of a circle ; (pi. radii.) L. radius, a 
 
 ray : G. rabdos, a small branch, or rod. 
 
 s* 209 
 
RAG-RAT 
 
 RAGOUT', s. Meat stewed and highly seasoned. F. from gout, taste, 
 RAL'LY. v. To re-assemble and put in order dispersed forces. F. 
 
 rattier : re t again, and oilier, to join : — to tease by frequent attempts 
 
 of satire; railler, to jeer. 
 RAMBLE, v. To wander at large, without any fixed object in view. 
 
 L. re, back, or again, and ambulo, to go about. 
 RAMTFY. v. To separate into branches. F. ramijier : L. ramus, a 
 
 branch, and facio, to make. 
 RA'MOUS. adj. Branchy. L. ramus, a branch. 
 RAMTART. s. In fortification, an elevation of earth around a place, 
 
 capable of resisting cannon. F. rempart ; from remparer, to fence. 
 RAN'CID. adj. Emitting a putrid smell. L. rancidus, musty, stale. 
 RANCOUR, s. Inveterate malignity. F. rancoeur : ranee, rusty, and 
 
 coeur, the heart : L. rancidus and cor. 
 RANGE, v. To place in a row, or in order; to rove at large, as if 
 
 along the entire row. F. ranger : rang, a row. 
 RANK. s. A row ; a class or order ; degree, as if denoting in what 
 
 row. F. rang, a row. 
 RANSOM, s. Price of redemption, from captivity or punishment. F. 
 
 rangon. 
 RAPA'CIOUS. adj. Addicted to plunder, or seize by violence. F. 
 
 rapace : L. rapax. See RAPINE. 
 RAPACITY, s. Inclination to plunder; exercise of plunder. F. ra- 
 
 pacite : L. rapacitas : rapax, ravenous ; rapio, to pull, or take by 
 
 violence. 
 RAPTD. adj. Swift. F. rapide : L. rapidus : raptus, p. part, of rapio, 
 
 to take by violence. 
 RA'PIER. s. A species of sword. F. rapiere : L. rapio, to take by 
 
 violence. 
 RAPTNE. s. Act of plundering; violence. F. rapine: L. rapina : 
 
 rapio, to pull, or take by violence. 
 RAP'TURE. s. Extasy ; violence of any pleasing affection or passion. 
 
 L. rapturus, (part, of rapto,) about to take, or hurry away, by vio- 
 lence. 
 RA'RA A'VIS. A rare bird ; something singular or wonderful. L. 
 
 rara, fern, of rarus, rare, and avis, a bird. » 
 
 RARE. adj. Scarce ; uncommon ; unfrequent. F. rare : L. rarus, 
 
 thin, or not thick set. 
 RAREFACTION, s. Act of rarefying. L. rarus, thin, and /actio, a 
 
 power of making : facio, to make. 
 RA'REFY. v. To make thin, or less dense. F. rarejier : L. rarus, 
 
 thin, and facio, to make. 
 RA'RITY. s. Uncommnnness ; a thing valued for its scarcity. F. 
 
 rarite : L. raritas. See RARE. 
 RAS'URE. See RAZ'URE. 
 
 RATE. s. Assigned value; allowance; degree; rank; mode of ac- 
 tion ; degree to which any thing is done ; tax. L. ratus, part, of 
 
 rear, to suppose. 
 RATIFY, v. To confirm; to sanction. F. ratifier : L. ratus, (part. 
 
 ofreor,) established, and facio, to make. 
 RA'TIO. s. Rate ; proportion. L. from ratus, part, of reor, to suppose. 
 RATIOCINATION, s. The act of reasoning, or of deducing conse- 
 
 210 
 
RAT-REC 
 
 ^aenees from premises. L. ratiocinatio : ratiocinatus, part, of ratio* 
 cinar, to cast an account, or reckon. See RATIO. 
 
 RATIONAL, adj. Having the power of reasoning ; in conformity 
 with reason ; judicious. L, rationalis : ratio, reason* See RATE. 
 
 RAVAGE, v. To plunder; to lay waste. F. ravager : L. rapio, to 
 take by violence. 
 
 RAY. s. A beam of light ; any lustre, corporeal or intellectual. F. 
 rale; from the L. radius. See RADIUS. 
 
 RAZE. v. To make level with the ground ; to ruin ; to efface. F. 
 raser : L. rasus, p. part, of rado, to shave. 
 
 RA'ZOR. s. A knife for shaving the beard. L. rasor ; from rasus, p. 
 part, of rado, to shave. 
 
 RA'ZURE. $. Erasure; act of erasing. F. rasure : L. razura. See 
 RAZE. 
 
 RE'AL. adj. Not fictitious, but actually existing; genuine; consisting 
 of things immovable, as land, — not transitory, as furniture or money. 
 L. realis : res, a thing. 
 
 RE' ALIZE. v. To make real ; to acquire beyond the reach of contin- 
 gency ; to induce one's mind to believe any extreme happiness or 
 affliction. See REAL. 
 
 REALM, s. A kingdom ; a king's dominions. F. roiaulme ; roi, a king. 
 
 REANTMATE. v. To revive. L. re, again, and animate. 
 
 REAS'ON. s. Rational faculty; mind; cause; motive; justice; mode- 
 ration. F. raison : L. ratio ; from ratus, part, of reor, to suppose, oy 
 judge. 
 
 REAS'ONABLE. adj. Rational ; just ; moderate. F. raisonnable. See 
 REASON. 
 
 REASSU'ME. v. To resume ; to take again. L. re, again, and assume. 
 
 REASSURE, v. To assure again. L. re, again, and assure. 
 
 REBAPTI'ZE. v. To baptize again. L. re, again, and baptize. 
 
 REBEL', v. To revolt, after being conquered ; to rise against lawful 
 authority. L. rebello : comp. of re, again, and hello, to wage war : 
 helium, war. 
 
 REBUILD', v. To build again. L. re, again, and build. 
 
 RE'BUS. s. A word represented by a picture. L. rebus, (abl. pi. of 
 res,) by things. 
 
 REBUT'. To repel. F. rehuter : L. re, back, and hatuo, to beat. 
 
 RECANT', v. To retract ; to contradict one's former professions. L. 
 recanto: comp. of re, again, and canto, to sing. 
 
 RECAPIT'ULATE. v. To repeat the heads of a former discourse ; to 
 capitulate again. F. recapituler : L. re, again, and capitulatim, by 
 heads or chapters : caput, a head. 
 
 RECE'DE. v. To fall back ; to retreat. L. recedo : re, back, and 
 cedo, to depart. 
 
 RECEIPT', s. The act of receiving ; written evidence of a thing re- 
 ceived. L. receptum : receptus, p. part, of recipio. See RECEIVE. 
 
 RECEI'VE. v. To take or get into one's possession; to embrace intel- 
 lectually ; to admit. F. recevoir : L. recipio : re, back, or again, 
 and capio, to take. 
 
 RE'CENT. adj. New ; late ; fresh. L. recens, new. 
 
 RECEPTACLE, s. A vessel or place into which any thing is received. 
 L. receptaculum. See RECEIPT. 
 
 211 
 
REC-REC 
 
 RECEPTION, s. Act of receiving ; state of being received, See 
 
 RECEIPT. 
 RECEP'TIVE. adj. Having the faculty of receiving. See RECEIPT. 
 RECESS', s. Retirement ; secession ; place of retirement, or secrecy ; 
 
 a niche. L. recessus, part, of recedo. See RECEDE. 
 RECESSION, s. Act of receding. L. tecessio. See RECESS. 
 RE'CIPE. s. A medical prescription ; a direction for apportioning the 
 
 ingredients of any compound. L. imper. of recipio, See RECEIPT. 
 RECIPIENT, s. The thing which receives. L. recipiens, part, of rc- 
 
 cipio. See RECEIVE. 
 RECIPROCAL, adj. Alternate; mutual. L. reciprocus, going, or 
 
 flowing, backward and forward ; comp. of re, back, capio, to take, 
 
 and pro, forward. 
 RECITATIVE, or RECITATI'VO. s. Chaunt ; a kind of tuneful 
 
 pronunciation, more musical than common speech, and less musical 
 
 than song. See RECITE. 
 RECI'TE. v. To rehearse ; to repeat ; to enumerate. L. recito ; from 
 
 re, again, and cito, to call [into the memory.] 
 RECLAIM', v. To recall ; to reform ; to correct ; to restore to a state 
 
 of arahility. L. rcclamo : re, back, and clamo, to call. 
 RECLAMATION, s. Act of reclaiming. See RECLAIM. 
 RECLI'NE. v. To lean back ; to repose. L. reclino : re, back, and 
 
 clino, to bend. 
 RECLU'SE. adj. Secluded. F. rectus : L. re, back, and clausus, p. 
 
 part, of claudo, to shut. 
 RECOG'NISANCE. s. Acknowledgment ; bond of acknowledgment, 
 
 with regard to a debt, or to a penalty that may accrue by non-ap- 
 pearance in a court of law. F. reconnoissance, (formerly recogni- 
 sance.) See RECOGNISE. 
 RECOGNISE, v. To know again. L. re, again, and cognosco, to 
 
 know. 
 RECOGNITION, s. x4.ct of recognising ; renovation of knowledge. 
 
 L. recognitio. See RECOGNISE. 
 RECOIL', v. To rush back ; to retire rapidly from some opposing 
 
 danger. F. reculer : re, back, and cul, the breech. 
 RECOIN'. v. To coin over again. L. re, again, and coin. 
 RECOLLECT', v. To collect again ; to restore to the memory. L. re, 
 
 again, and collect. 
 RECOMMEND', v. To commend, to another, that which is already 
 
 commended to one's-self; to make acceptable. L. re, again, and 
 
 commend. 
 RECOMMIT', v. To commit again. L. re, again, and commit. 
 RECOMPENSE, v. To requite; to give an equivalent. F. recom- 
 
 penser : L. re, back, and compenso, to recompense : con, with, and 
 
 pensus, p. part, of pendo, to pay. 
 RECONCILE, v. To cause a renewal of affection or regard ; to make 
 
 consistent. L. reconcilio : re, again, and concilio, to join. See CON- 
 CILIATE. 
 RECONNOITRE, v. To view ; to explore. F. comp. of re, again, 
 
 and connoitre, to know. 
 RECORD', v. To cause to be remembered; to register L. recordor: 
 
 re, again, and cor, the heart, or mind. 
 
 212 
 
REC— RED 
 
 RECOUNT', v. To relate in detail ; to reckon again. F. recontre : 
 
 re, again, and conter, to count, or reckon. 
 RECOURSE', s. Return; access. F. recours : L. recursus : from re- 
 
 curro : re, back, and curro, to run. 
 RECREANT, adj. Cowardly ; crying out for mercy ; recanting 
 
 through fear. F. recriant, part, of recrier : from re, back, or again, 
 
 and crier, to cry out. 
 RECREATE, v. To refresh after toil ; to amuse or divert. L. recreo : 
 
 re, again, and creatus, p. part, of creo, to make. 
 RECREMENT, s. Superfluous or useless parts; dross. L. recremen- 
 
 tum : re, back, and cresco, to increase, or creo, to create ; meaning, 
 
 the reverse of increment. See INCREMENT. 
 RECRIMTNATE. v. To charge, with another crime, the person who 
 
 has made the first charge. L. re, back, and criminate. 
 RECRUIT', v. To repair by a new supply ; to restore in number a 
 
 wasted army. F. recruter : re, again, and croitre, to increase : L. 
 
 cresco, to grow. 
 RECTANGLE, s. A figure which has one angle or more, of ninety 
 
 degrees. L. rectus, straight, and angulus, an angle. 
 RECTIFY, v. To make right ; to correct ; to refine or strengthen by 
 
 repeated distillation. F. rectifier: L. rectus, straight, or just, and 
 
 facio, to make. 
 RECTILINEAR, adj. Consisting of right lines. L. rectus, straight, 
 
 and linea, a line. 
 RECTITUDE, s. Honesty ; freedom from moral curvity or obliquity. 
 
 F. rectitude : L. rectum : from rectus, (p. part, of rego,) ruled or or- 
 dered : meaning that which is ordered to be done. 
 RECTOR, s. A governor ; a clergyman who receives higher tythes 
 
 than a vicar. L. rector : rectus, p. part, of rego, to rule. 
 RECUM'BENT. adj. Lying, or leaning. L. recumbens, part, of re- 
 
 cumbo : re, back, and cumbo, to lie down. 
 RECUR', v. To happen again ; to come back to the memory ; to have 
 
 recourse to. L. recurro : re, again, or back, and curro, to run. 
 RECUR' VO US. adj. Bent backwards. L. recurvus : re, back, and 
 
 curvus, crooked, or bent. 
 REDEEM', v. To purchase again ; to ransom ; to pay the penalty of; 
 
 to rescue. L. redimo : re, back, or again, and emo, to buy. 
 REDEMP'TION. s. Ransom ; release ; rescue. L. rcdemptio : re- 
 
 demplus, p. part, of redimo. See REDEEM. 
 RED'OLENT. adj. Sweet-smelling. L. redolens, part, of redoleo : 
 
 from re, back, and oleo, to yield a smell. 
 REDOUB'LE. v. To double again ; to renew with increased assiduity. 
 
 L. re, again, and double. 
 REDOUND', v. To be sent back by reaction ; to conduce; to proceed. 
 
 L. redundo : re, back, and undo, to spread as waves, or abound: 
 
 unda, a wave. 
 REDRESS', v. To amend; to remedy; to relieve; to ease. F. re- 
 
 dresser : L. re, again, and directus, p. part, of dirigo, to direct or 
 
 range : di, separately, and rego, to rule or set right. 
 REDU'CE. v. To bring to the former state ; to reform ; to bring to a 
 
 state of diminution ; to degrade; to subdue. L. reduco : re, back,, 
 
 and duco, to lead. 
 
 213 
 
RED— REF 
 
 REDUCTION, s. Act of reducing ; science of reducing. F. reduc- 
 tion : L. reductio : from reductus, p. part, of reduco. See RE- 
 DUCE. 
 REDUN'DANT. adj. Superabundant; superfluous. L. redundans, p. 
 
 part, of redundo, to overflow : comp. of re, back, and undo, to spread 
 
 as waves, or abound : unda, a wave. See REDOUND. 
 REDUPLICATE, v. To double. L. re, again, and duplicate. 
 REFECTION, s. Refreshment. F. refection: L. refectio : refectus, 
 
 p. part, ofreficio, to repair : re, again, and facio, to make. 
 REFECTORY, s. Room of refreshment ; eating room. F. refectoire. 
 
 See REFECTION. 
 REFER', v. To direct one person to another, or to some document, 
 
 for information or judgment; to direct the mind to, as the ultimate 
 
 object or end. L. refero : re, back, and fero, to carry. 
 REFINE, v. To make doubly fine ; to purify. L. re, again, and 
 
 fine. 
 REFLECT', v . To throw back ; to bend back ; to turn the thoughts 
 
 upon the past ; to throw reproach or censure. L. rejlecto : re, back, 
 
 and Jlecto, to bend. 
 RE FLEX, adj. Directed backward. L. reflexus, p. part, of rejlecto. 
 
 See REFLECT. 
 REF'LUENT. adj. Flowing back. L. rejiuens, part, of rejluo : re, 
 
 back, andj^M.0, to flow. 
 RE'FLUX. s. Backward course. L. refluxus, part, of rejluo. See 
 
 REFLUENT. 
 REFORM', v. To remodel ; to free from impurity. L. re, again, and 
 
 form. 
 REFRACT', v. To break the natural course (of rays.) L. refractum, 
 
 sup. of refringo : from re, back, and frango, to break. 
 REFRACTORY, adj. Obstinate; contumacious; rebellious. L. re- 
 
 fractarius : refractus, p. part, of refringo : comp. of re, back, and 
 
 frango, to break. This word should be written Refractory. 
 REFRAGABLE. adj. Capable of confutation. ~L.refragabilis : refra. 
 
 gor, to resist, or deny : re, again, and frango, to break. 
 REFRAIN', v. To hold back ; to restrain. F. refrener : L. re, back, 
 
 and fraino, to curb : fr&num, a bridle. 
 REFRANGIBLE, adj. Rays of light are refrangible, because they 
 
 can be refracted or turned out of their way, in passing from one 
 
 transparent body to another. L. re, back, and frango, to break. 
 REFRIGERATE, v. To cool ; or rather to bring to a former state 
 
 of coolness. L. refrigero : re, back, or again, and frigus, cold. 
 REF'UGE. s. Shelter from danger or distress ; protection. F. refuge : 
 
 L. refugium : re, back, and fugio, to flee. 
 REFUGEE', s. One who seeks or has obtained a place of refuge. F. 
 
 refugie. See REFUGE. 
 REFUL'GENT. adj. Shining back ; glittering; bright; splendid. L. 
 
 refulgens, p. part, of refulgeo : re, back, and fulgeo, to shine. 
 REFUND', v. To repay; to restore. L. refundo : re, back, and j 'undo, 
 
 to pour. 
 REFU'SE. v. To reject ; to deny what is solicited or required ; not to 
 
 comply with. F. refuser: L. refusum, sup. of refundo : re, back, 
 
 and fundo, to pour. 
 
 214 
 
REF— REL 
 
 RE'FUSE. s. That which is rejected ; remainder after the rest is 
 taken. See the verb. 
 
 REFU'TE. v. To prove false or erroneous. L. refuto : re, back, and 
 futo, to disprove. 
 
 REGAL, adj. Royal. F. regale : L. regalis : regis, gen. of rex, a 
 king : rego, to rule. 
 
 REGALIA, s. Ensigns of the regal office ; things to which a king 
 claims a right, independent of the state. L. See REGAL. 
 
 REGARD', v. To feel an interest in ; to observe ; to consider ; to re- 
 spect or esteem. F. regarder : re, back, and garder, to keep, or pre- 
 serve. 
 
 REGEN'ERATE. v. To reproduce ; to give a new nature. L. re, 
 again, and generate : (regenero.) 
 
 REGENT, s. A governor ; a vice-king. F. regent : L. regens, part, 
 of rego, to rule. 
 
 REG'ICIDE. s. Murderer of his king, — regicida : murder of his king, 
 — regicidium : regis, gen. of rex, a king, and cado, to kill. 
 
 REG'IMEN. s. Mode ; mode of diet and living, suitable to a particu- 
 lar course of medicine or state of body. L. from rego, to rule. 
 
 REGTMENT. s. A body of soldiers having a name or a number, and 
 commanded by a colonel. Old F. regiment : L. rego, to rule, or 
 govern. 
 
 REGION, s. Tract of land ; tract of space ; part of the body. F. 
 region : L. regio ; from rego, to rule ; meaning that portion which is 
 subject to one ruler. 
 
 REGTSTER. s. A record, or regular account; the officer who re- 
 cords. F. registre : L. registrum : regestus, p. part, of regero : re, 
 back, or again, and gero, to carry. 
 
 REGNANT, adj. This term, when applied to a queen, must be dis- 
 tinguished from the word regent. A queen-regnant reigns in her 
 own right, as did Elizabeth ; a queen-regent is appointed to reign in 
 the place of another. See REIGN. 
 
 RE'GRESS. s. Passage back ; power of returning. L. regressus : from 
 regredior : re, back, and gradior, to go : gradus, a step. 
 
 REGULAR, adj. Agreeable to rule ; orderly ; relating to a certain 
 species of geometrical figures. L. regularis : rego, to rule. 
 
 REGUR'GITATE. v. To flow back with violence. L. re, back, and 
 gurges, a whirlpool. 
 
 REIGN, v. To enjoy or exercise sovereign authority ; to be predomi- 
 nant. L. regno : from rego, to rule. 
 
 REIMBURSE', v. To repay. L. re, back, in, into, and bursa, a purse. 
 
 REINTEGRATE, v. To repair; to restore. L. re, again, and integro, 
 to renew : integer, entire. 
 
 REIT'ERATE. v. To repeat again and again. L. re, again, and 
 iterate. 
 
 REJECT', v. To throw back; to throw aside; to cast off; to refuse. 
 L. rejeclurn, sup. ofrejicio: re, back, andjacio, to throw. 
 
 REJUVENES'CENCE. s. State of growing young. L. re, again, and 
 juvenescens, part, of juvenesco, to grow young. 
 
 RELAPSE', v. To slip or fall back ; to return to any former state ; to 
 return to a former opinion or profession. L. relapsus, part, of rela- 
 tor : re, back, and labor, to slide. 
 
 215 
 
REL— REM 
 
 RELA'TE. v. To tell; to recite; to have reference. L. relatum, sup. 
 of refero: re, back, or again, and fero, to bring 1 . 
 
 RELAX', v. To slacken ; to make less tense ; to make less severe ; to 
 ease. L. relaxo : re, back, or again, and laxo, to loosen. 
 
 RELAY', s. Horses on a road to relieve others. F. relais : re, again, 
 and laisser, to leave : L. laxo, to loosen. 
 
 RELEASE', v. To set free ; to free from obligation or penalty ; to 
 lease again. F. re, again, and laisser, to leave, let, or yield. L. laxo, 
 to loosen. 
 
 RELENT', v. To soften in temper ; to feel compassion. F. relenlir : 
 L. re, again, and lenitus, p. part, of lenio, to soften. 
 
 REL'EVANT. adj. Relieving; aiding. F. part, of relever : L. relevo ; 
 com p. of re, again, and levo, to lift. 
 
 REL'IC, or RELIQLE. s. That which remains; (in the plural, 
 bodily remains ;) something retained in memory of a person, with a 
 religious, or superstitious veneration. F. relique : L. reliqucB : re- 
 liclus, (p. part, of relinquc,) left behind: re, back, and linquo, to 
 leave. 
 
 REL'ICT. s. A woman left desolate by the death of her husband ; a 
 widow. L. relictus, p. part, of relinquo. See RELIC. 
 
 RELIEVE', v. To ease from pain, sorrow, or oppression ; to ease from 
 military or other duty ; to improve the appearance, by contrast. L. 
 relevo : re, again, and levo, to lift. 
 
 RELIG'ION. s, Reverence of a Supreme Being; united, especially in 
 Christians, with a solemn and awful expectation of everlasting hap- 
 piness, in a future state, as the reward of obedience to God, — or of 
 torment, as the reward of sin : particular species of religious opin- 
 ions. F. religion: h.religio: from religo, to bind fast: re, back, 
 and ligo, to bind. 
 
 RELIN'QUISH. v. To leave with reluctance ; to quit ; to desert. L. 
 relinquo : re, back, and linquo, to leave. 
 
 RELU'CENT. adj. Shining ; transparent. L. relucens, part, of relu- 
 ceo : re, back, and luceo, to shine. 
 
 RELLC'TANT. adj. Unwilling. L. reluctans : re, back, and luclo, 
 to wrestle. 
 
 RELUME, or RELU'MINE. v. To relight; to rekindle. L. re, again, 
 and lumen, light. 
 
 RELY', v. To lean or rest upon with confidence ; to put trust in, (with 
 on.) F. re, back, and Her, to tie, or unite : L. ligo. 
 
 REMAIN', v. To be left ; to be left out; to stay ; to continue. L. re. 
 maneo ; comp. of re, back, and maneo, to stay, or wait. 
 
 REMAINDER, s. That which remains; in law, the last chance of 
 inheritance. See REMAIN. 
 
 REMAND', v. To call back ; to send back. L. re, back, and mando, 
 to bid, or send away. 
 
 REMARK', v. To note ; to observe. F. remarquer : re, again, and 
 marquer, to mark. 
 
 REM'EDY. s. Means of cure; means of counteracting any evil; re- 
 lief. L. remedium : G. medos, care, advice. 
 
 REMIGRA'TION. s. Removal back again ; a migration to a former 
 place. L. re, back, and inigro, to migrate. 
 
 21G 
 
REM— REP 
 
 REM INIS'CENCE. s. Recollection ; recovery of ideas. L. reminis- 
 
 cens : re, again, and memini, to remember. 
 REMISS', adj. Careless : slothful. L. remissus, p. part, of remitto. 
 
 See REMIT. 
 REMISSION, s. Act of remitting. L. remissio ; remissus, p. part. 
 
 of remitto. See REMIT. 
 REMIT', v. To send back ; to release from ; to pardon ; to defer; to 
 
 refer ; to abate. L. remitto ; com p. of re, back, and mitto, to send. 
 REM'NANT. s. Remainder. L. remanens, part, of remaneo. See 
 
 REMAIN. 
 REMON'STRATE. v. To show reasons, in strong terms, accompanied 
 
 by expressions indicating a sense of injury. L. remonsiro : re, back, 
 
 or again, and monstro, to show. 
 REMORSE', s. Pain, from guilt; sorrow, arising from a sense of 
 
 having injured. L. remorsus, part, of remordeo ; from re, b^ck, or 
 
 again, <ind mordeo, to bite. 
 REMOTE, adj. Far removed ; distant. L. remotus, p. part, of remo- 
 
 veo : re, back, and moveo, to move. 
 RE VIO'VE. v. To displace; to go to another place; to transplant; to 
 
 place at a distance. L. re moveo : re, back, or again, and moveo, to 
 
 move. 
 REMU'NERATE. v. To repay ; to reward. L. remunero : re, again, 
 
 and munero, to gift: munus, a gift, or service. 
 RENASCENT, adj. Rising again into being. L. renascens, part, of 
 
 renascor : re, again, and nascor, to be born. 
 RENCONTRE, or RENCOUN'TER. s. Collision or opposition ; bat- 
 tle. F. rencontre ; re, again, and encontre, a chance or adventure : 
 
 €7?, into, and contre, against : L. in, and contra. 
 RENDEZVOUS, s. Assembly; place appointed for assembling. F. 
 
 rendezvous : rendez, imper. of rendre, to return, and vous, you. 
 RENOUNCE', v. To disown ; to relinquish ; to quit upon oath. L. 
 
 renuntio : re, again, and nuntio, to tell, or declare. 
 REN'OVATE. v. To renew ; to refresh. L. renovo : re, again, and 
 
 novo, to make new : from novns, new. 
 RENOWN'. 5. Reverberation of a name ; great and established repu- 
 tation. F. renommee : L. re, back, or again, and nomen, a name. 
 RENT. s. Revenue; money paid, or service rendered, for any thing 
 
 held of another. L. reditus ; from redeo, to return : re, back, and eo, 
 
 to go. 
 RENUNCIATION, s. Act of renouncing. L. renuntiatio. See RE- 
 NOUNCE. 
 REPAIR', v. To amend ; to replace, or restore. L. reparo : re, again, 
 
 and paro, to make, or shape. 
 REP' ARABLE, adj. Capable of being repaired. L. reparabilis. See 
 
 REPAIR. 
 
 REP ARA'TION. s. Act of repairing ; amends. L. reparatio. See 
 REPAIR. * 
 
 REPARTEE', s. Smart reply. F. repartie ; from repartir, to divide 
 
 again, or reply : L. re, and partio. 
 REPAST', s. A meal ; food ; refreshment. F. repas : L. re, again, 
 
 and pastus, p. part, of pasco, to feed. 
 
 t 217 
 
REP— REP 
 
 REPEAL', v. To revoke ; to annul. F. rappeller : L. re, back, and 
 appello, to call. 
 
 REPEAT', v. To speak, use, or try, again ; to recite; to denote the 
 time of day, (as a repeating watch.) L. repeto, to ask again : comp. 
 of re, again, and peto, to beseech, ask, seek after, &c. 
 
 REPEL', v. To drive back; to rebut. L. repello: re, back, and pello, 
 to drive away. 
 
 REPENT', v. To think on any thing past with sorrow ; to express 
 sorrow for something past; to change the mind. F. repentir : Li. re, 
 again, and penitus, within. 
 
 REPERCUS'SION. s. Rebound. L. repercussio : repercussus, p. part, 
 of repercutio : re, back, and percutio, to strike : per, through, and 
 quatio, to shake. 
 
 REPERTORY, s. A magazine ; a book in which information on cer- 
 tain subjects is to be found. F. repertoire : L. repertorium ; from 
 repertus, p. part, of reperio, to find, or discover. 
 
 REPETITION, s. Act of repeating ; thing repeated. L. repetitio. 
 See REPEAT. 
 
 REPLENISH, v. To refill. L. re, again, and plenus, full. 
 
 REPLE'TE. adj. Full, — meaning in a high degree. F. replete : L. 
 repletus, p. part, ofrepleo: re, again, or in a high degree, and pleo, 
 to fill. 
 
 REPLE'TION. s. Act of rendering too full ; state of being too full. 
 F. repletion. See REPLETE. 
 
 REPLEVIN, or REPLEVY, v. To take back, or recover, on secu- 
 rity given to the proper officer, any thing seized. Law F. replevir : 
 re, again, and old F. plevir, or plegir, to give a pledge. 
 
 REPLICATION, s. A formal reply ; answer to a plea in law. L. re- 
 plicatio, an unfolding : from replicalus, p. part, of replico. See 
 REPLY. 
 
 REPLY', v. To answer; to make a return to an answer. L. replica, 
 to unfold, or reply : re, back, or again, and plico, to fold. 
 
 REPORT', v. To carry back the result of any inquiry, from a com- 
 mittee, to the whole assembly deliberating ; to make public ; to ru- 
 mour ; to make a loud noise. L. reporto : re, back, and porto, to 
 carry. 
 
 REPO'SE. s. Rest ; quiet ; sleep. F. repos : L. repositus, p. part, of 
 repono : re, back, and pono, to place. 
 
 REPREHEND', v. To reprove; to censure. L. reprehendo ; from re, 
 again, and prchendo, to take, or lay hold on. 
 
 REPREHEN'SIBLE. adj. Reprovable; censurable. F. reprehensible : 
 L. reprehensus, p. part, of reprehendo. See REPREHEND. 
 
 REPRESENT', v. To show as a likeness; to describe; to make 
 known ; to personate. L. represento : re, again, and prcesens, pre- 
 sent. See PRESENT. 
 
 REPRESS', v. To crush ; to subdue. L. repressum, sup. of reprimo : 
 re, back, and premo, to press. 
 
 REPRIEVE', v. To respite. F. repris, part, of reprendre: re, back, 
 or again, and prendre, to take. 
 
 REPRISAL, s. Act of seizing, by way of retaliation ; thing seized. 
 F. represaille. See REPRIEVE. 
 
 218 
 
REP— RES 
 
 REPROACH. 0. To eensure in opprobrious terms ; to upbraid. F. 
 reprocher : re, again, and approcher, to come near. 
 
 REPROBATE, v. To disallow, or reject; to censure; to think of 
 with feelings of much disapprobation. L. reprobo ; comp. of re, back, 
 and probo, to approve, or allow. 
 
 REPROVE', v. To blame, chide, or reprehend. F. reprouver : L. re- 
 probo : re, back, and probo, to approve, or allow. 
 
 REP'TILE. s. A creeping animal. L. reptile ; from repo, to creep, 
 or crawl. 
 
 REPUB'LIC. s. A commonwealth; a state in which the happiness 
 and advantage of all the people are considered and provided for; and 
 in which the people govern through their representatives. L. respub- 
 lica : res, an affair, or advantage, and publicus, public. 
 
 REPUDIATE, v. To divorce; to put away. L. repudio : re, back, 
 and G. pudarizo, to spurn. 
 
 REPUGNANT, adj. Contrary ; inconsistent. F. repugnant : L. re- 
 pugnans, part, of repugno : re, back, and pugno, to fight. 
 
 REPULSE', s. Act of repelling ; condition of being repelled, or de- 
 feated. F. repulse : L. repulsus, p. part, afrepello. See REPEL. 
 
 REP'UTABLE. adj. Honourable; respectable. See REPUTE. 
 
 REPU'TE. v. To esteem ; to account; to think. L. reputo : re, again, 
 and puto, to think, or consider. 
 
 REQUEST', s. Petition; entreaty; state of being desired. F. re- 
 quete : L. requisitus, p. part, of requiro. See REQUIRE. 
 
 REQUIEM, s. A hymn, in which rest is implored for the dead. L. 
 comp. of re, again, and quies, rest. 
 
 REQUI'RE. v. To demand ; to ask as a right; to need. L. requiro : 
 re, back, and quaro, to ask, or seek. 
 
 REQUISITE, adj. Required ; necessary. L. requisitus, p. part, of 
 requiro. See REQUIRE. 
 
 REQUITE, v. To repay; to retaliate. F. requiter : re, again, and 
 quitter, to quit, or part with. 
 
 RESCIND', v. To cut off; to abrogate ; to repeal. L. rescindo : re, 
 again, and scindo, to cut. 
 
 RESCIS'SION. s. Act of rescinding. F. rescission; from L. rescissus, 
 p. part, of rescindo. See RESCIND. 
 
 RESCRI'BE. v. To write back ; to write over again. L. rescribo : re, 
 back, or again, and scribo, to write. 
 
 RE'SCRIPT. s. Edict, generally of a Roman emperor, or a pope. 
 When any doubt arose upon the construction of the Roman laws, 
 the usage was, to state the case to the emperor, in writing, and take 
 his opinion upon it. His answers were called rescripts ; which had, 
 in succeeding cases, the force of perpetual laws. L. rescriptum : re- 
 scriptus, p. part, of rescribo. See RESCRIBE. 
 
 RESCUE, v. To set free from any violence, danger, or confinement. 
 F. re, b.ick, or again, and escheoir, to avoid, or shun : hence, the ob- 
 solete word, eschev). 
 
 RESEM'BLE. v. To be similar. F.resembler : L. re, back, (meaning 
 reflection,) and similis, like. 
 
 RESENT, v. To consider as an injury or affront, and act in conform- 
 ity with that sentiment. F. resentir : L. re, again, and sentio, to be 
 sensible of, or resent. 
 
 219 
 
RES— RES 
 
 RESERVE', v. To keep in store ; to retain ; to hold. L. feservo : 
 comp. of re, back, and servo, to keep. 
 
 RESETTLE, v. To settle again. L. re, again, and settle. 
 
 RESIDE, v. To dwell; to be present. L. resideo, to sit down: re, 
 back, and sedeo, to sit, or stay. 
 
 RESIDENT, adj. Redding, or having abode. L. residens, p. part. 
 ofresideo. See RESIDE. 
 
 RESIDUARY, adj. A residuary legatee is a person to whom the re- 
 mainder of an estate is willed, — all that is left after paying the lega- 
 cies particularly specified. See RESIDUE. 
 
 RESIDUE, s. Remainder. F. residu : L. residuum. See RESIDE. 
 
 RESID UUM. s. That which subsides, or remains after the more valu- 
 able part has been drawn off. L. from resideo, to sit down : re, back, 
 and sedeo, to sit, or stay. 
 
 RESIGN', v. To relinquish a claim or possession ; to submit. L. re- 
 signo : re, back, and signo, to mark, declare, or signify. 
 
 RESONANT, adj. Resounding. L. resonans. See RESOUND. 
 
 RESORT, v. To have recourse ; to visit frequently. F. ressortir : re t 
 again, and sortir, to go out. 
 
 RESOUND', v. To echo ; to sound back ; to celebrate by sound. L. 
 resono : re, back, and sono, to sound. 
 
 RESPECT, s. Regard; attention; reverence; honour; feeling of 
 compassion. F. respect: L. respectus, p. part, of respicio : re, back, 
 or ajjain, and specio, to see, or behold. 
 
 RESPECTIVE, adj. Particular; individual; viewed with regard to 
 each. See RESPECT. 
 
 RESPIRE, v. To breathe; to rest. L. respiro : re, again, and spiro, 
 to breathe. 
 
 RESPITE, s. Repose; pause; reprieve. F. respit, or repit : L. respi- 
 ratus, p. part, of respiro : re, again, and spiro, to breathe. 
 
 RESPLENDENT, adj. Shining ; bright; illustrious. L. resplendens, 
 part, of resplendeo ; comp. of re, back, and splendeo, to shine. 
 
 RESPOND', v. To answer; to correspond; to suit. L. respondeo, to 
 answer : re, and spondeo. 
 
 RESPONDEN TIA. s. Security for money lent on a cargo of mer- 
 chandise. For a full definition of this term, see Black. Com. 11 vol. 
 458. L. respondentia, pi. of respondens, a part, of respondeo. See 
 RESPOND. 
 
 RESPONSE', s. Answer ; answer made by the congregation, speaking 
 alternately with the minister in public worship. L. responsum. See 
 RESPOND. 
 
 RESPONSIBLE, adj. Answerable; accountable; capable of answer- 
 ing to, or discharging an obligation. L. responsus, suitableness. 
 See RESPOND. 
 
 REST. s. Repose; state of being undisturbed; absence of motion; 
 prop, or support, — meaning that on which any thing reposes, or by 
 wijich motion is prevented ; remainder, or that which is left behind, 
 or undisturbed. L. restitus, part, ofresto : re, back, and sto, to stand. 
 
 RESTAURA'TiON. s. Act of recovering to the furmer state. L. re. 
 stauro, to restore. 
 
 RES TIFF, or RESTIVE, adj. Unwilling to go forward; stubborn. 
 F. restif. Sec REST. 
 
 220 
 
RES-RET 
 
 RESTRAIN', v. To hold back; to repress. F. restreindre: L. re- 
 stringo : re, back, and stringo, to bind. 
 
 RESTRICT', v. To limit; to confine. L. restrictum, sup. of restringo. 
 See RESTRAIN'. 
 
 RESULT', v. The primary signification of this word is to leap back; 
 but this meaning is scarcely used now, even by the poets. The 
 proper sense of result, at the present day, is, to follow as a conse- 
 quence, or as the effect of concurring causes. L. resulto : resultum, 
 sup. ofresilio: re, back, and salio, to leap. 
 
 RESU'ME. v. To take back; to take again. L. resumo ; comp. of re, 
 back, or again, and sumo, to take. 
 
 RESUMP'TION. s. Act of resuming. L. resumptus, p. part, of re- 
 sumo. See RESUME. 
 
 RESURRECTION, s. Return from the grave ; revival. F. resurrec- 
 tion : L. resurrectum, sup. of resurgo : re, again, and surgo, to arise. 
 
 RESUSCITATE, v. To rouse ; to restore animation, after being sus- 
 pended by drowning, &c. L. resuscito: re, again, and suscito, to 
 awake : sub, under, and cito, to call. 
 
 RETAIL', v. To sell, in small quantities, something purchased from 
 another ; to relate, amongst one's neighbours, that which one has 
 heard from another. F. retailler : re, again, and tailler, to cut. 
 
 RETAIN', v. To keep; to detain. L. retineo ; from re, back, and 
 teneo, to hold. 
 
 RETALIATE, v. To return like for like. L. re, back, and talio, like 
 for like. 
 
 RETARD', v. To delay; to hinder. L. retardo: re, back, and tarda, 
 to delay : tardus, slow. 
 
 RETENTION, s. Act of retaining. L. retentio : retentus, p. part, of 
 retineo. See RETAIN. 
 
 RETEN'TIVE. adj. Having the power of retaining ; recollective. F. 
 retentif. See RETENTION. 
 
 RETICLE, or RETICULE, s. A small bag, made of net-work, or 
 some other material, (erroneously called a ridicule.) L. reticulum, 
 a little net; dim. of rete, a net. 
 
 RETICULATED, adj. Made of net- work, or in the form of the 
 meshes of a net. L. reticulatus ; from rete, a net. 
 
 RET'INUE. s. A number of persons retained by, and attending on, a 
 superior ; a train. F. retenue, part, of retenir, to retain. See RE- 
 TAIN. 
 
 RETIRE, v. To withdraw, or retreat; to go to a place of privacy. 
 F. reiirer : re, back, and tirer, to draw. 
 
 RETORT, s. A censure or incivility returned ; a witty or satirical 
 reply : a glass vessel, with a bent neck, used by chemists in distilling. 
 F. retorte : L. retorlus, p. part, of retorqueo : re, back, and torqueo, 
 to writhe, bend, or hurl. 
 
 RETRACT', v. To recall ; to recant, or change the mind. L. re- 
 tractum, sup. ofretraho: re, back, and traho, to draw. 
 
 RETREAT, s. Act of going back, or retiring; place of retirement or 
 privacy. F. retraite : L. retractus, p. part, ofretraho: re, back, and 
 trulio, to draw. 
 
 RETRENCH', v. To pare off; to lessen. F. retrancher : L. re, again, 
 and trunco, to lop off, 
 
 t* 221 
 
RET— REV 
 
 RETRIBUTION, s. Repayment ; atonement. F. retribution : L. re- 
 
 tributus, p. part, of retribuo : re, back, and tribuo, to give, or bestow, 
 
 RETRIEVE', v. To recover; to restore; to repair; to regain. F. 
 retrouver ; comp. of re, again, and trouver, to find. 
 
 RETROACTIVE, adj. Having a backward action ; acting upon the 
 past. L, retro, backward, and ACTIVE. 
 
 RETROCE'DE. v. To go back ; to reassign. L. retrocedo: retro, back- 
 ward, and redo, to depart, or yield. 
 
 RETROCESSION, s. Act of retroceding. L. retrocessum, sup. of 
 retrocedo. See RETROCEDE. 
 
 RET'ROGRADE. v. To go backward ; to decline from a state of im- 
 provement. L. retrogradior : retro, backward, and gradior, to go, 
 or walk : gradus, a step. 
 
 RETROGRESSION, s. Act of retrograding. L. retrogressus, part. 
 or retrogradior. See RETROGRADE. 
 
 RETROPUL'SIVE. s. Driving back ; repelling. L. retro, back, and 
 pulsus, part, of pello, to drive. 
 
 RET ROSPECT. s. Backward view ; view of the past. L. retro, back- 
 ward, and spectum, sup. of specio, to see, or view. 
 
 RETROVERT'. v. To turn back. L. retro, backwards, and verto, to 
 turn. 
 
 RETURN', v. To turn back ; to come, cr go back ; to give back ; to 
 reply. L. re, again, and turn. (F. retourner.) 
 
 REUNION, s. Return to a state of junction, cohesion, or concord. 
 L. re, again, and union. 
 
 REVEAL', v. To uncover ; to disclose ; to inform from Heaven. L. 
 revelo ; from re, back, and velum, a veil, or curtain. 
 
 REVELA'TION. s. Act of revealing; knowledge revealed. See RE- 
 VEAL. 
 
 REVENUE, s. Income ; annual return of profits, or amount of na- 
 tional imposts or rents. F. revenu : L. re, back, and venio, to come. 
 
 REVER'BERATE. v. To beat back; to rebound; (used in relation 
 to sound, or heat.) L. reverbero : re, back, and verbero, to whip, or 
 beat: verber, a. whip. 
 
 REVERBERA'TORY. s. An oven or furnace in which the flame is 
 confined by a dome, which occasions it to rebound before it passes 
 into the chimney. See REVERBERATE. 
 
 REVE'RE. v. To reverence; to honour; to venerate. L. revereor: 
 re, meaning again, or in a great degree, and vereor, to reverence, or 
 fear. 
 
 REVERENCE, s. Veneration; respect; act of obeisance : — title of a 
 clergvman. F. reverence: L. reverentia : reverens, part, of revereor. 
 See ^REVERE. 
 
 REVEREND, adj. Venerable; deserving reverence; also, an epithet 
 applied to a clergyman. F. reverend: L. reverendus, (part, of reve- 
 reor,) to be revered. See REVERE. 
 
 REVERSE', s. Change; vicissitude; misfortune; an opposite. L. 
 reversus, p. part, ofreverto. See REVERT. 
 
 REVER'SION. s. Act of reverting ; contingent interest in the return 
 of land to the grantor or his heirs. F. reversion : L. reversio. See 
 REVERSE. 
 
 REVERT', v. To return. L. reverto : re, back, and verto, to turn. 
 
 £22 
 
REV-RIG 
 
 REVEST', v. To vest again ; to reinvest. L. revestio : re, again, and 
 vestio, to clothe. 
 
 REVILE, v. To vilify; to treat with contumely. L. re, backhand 
 vilis, vile. 
 
 REVI'SE. v. To review ; to re-examine. L. revisum, sup. of revideo ; 
 com p. of re, again, and video, to see. 
 
 REVI' VE. v. To return to life ; to reanimate ; to renew. L. revivo : 
 re, again, and vivo, to live. 
 
 REVOCATION, s. Act of revoking ; state of being revoked ; repeal, 
 or reversal. L. revocatio : revocatus, part, of revoco. See RE- 
 VOKE. 
 
 REVOKE, v. To recall, or repeal ; to reverse. L. revoco : re, back, 
 and voco, to call. 
 
 REVOLT', v. To desert ; to refuse obedience ; to turn away in dis- 
 gust. F. revolter : L. revolutus, p. part, of revolvo : re, back, and 
 volvo, to roll. 
 
 REVOLUTION, s. Course of any thing that returns to the point at 
 which it began to move; rotation ; change of government. F. revo- 
 lution : L. revolutus, p. part, of revolvo. See REVOLVE. 
 
 REVOLVE', v. To roll in a circle; to roll around; to consider. L. 
 revolvo ; from re, back, or again, and volvo, to roll. 
 
 RHABDOL'OGY. s. Gomputation by Napier's rods. G. rhabdos, a 
 rod, and logos, a word. 
 
 RHAP'SODY. s. A kind of poem, written without necessary con- 
 nexion. G. rhapsodia : rhapto, to weave, or make, and ode, a song. 
 
 RHET'ORIG. s. The art of speaking with propriety and elegance ; 
 oratory. G. rhetorike ; rhetor, an orator : from rheo, (dico) to speak. 
 
 RHEUM, s. A thin watery matter, oozing through the glands. G. 
 rheuma ; from rheo, (Jluo) to flow. 
 
 RHEU'MATISM. s. A painful distemper, supposed to proceed from 
 acrid humours, or rheum. G. rheumatismos. See RHEUM. 
 
 RHOMB, s. A term in geometry. G. rhombos ; from rhembo, to turn 
 or whirl round. 
 
 RHOM'BOID. s. A figure having some resemblance to a rhomb. G. 
 rhombos, a rhomb, and eidos, form. 
 
 RHYME, s. Harmonical succession of sounds ; generally applied to 
 that species of poetry, in which the last sound of one line corresponds 
 with the last sound or syllable of another : but, the etymology of 
 the word includes even what is called blank verse. See RHYTH- 
 MUS. 
 
 RHYTH'MTCAL. adj. Harmonical; having one sound proportioned 
 to another. See RHYTHMUS. 
 
 RHYTH'MUS. s. Metre ; harmonical succession of sounds, either in 
 prose or verse. L. rhythmus : G. rhuthmos, a rule. 
 
 RIDTCULE. s. Wit, or jeering, of that species which excites disre- 
 spectful laughter. F. ridicule : L. ridiculum ; from rideo, to laugh. 
 
 RIDICULOUS, adj. Promoting ridicule ; worthy of contemptuous 
 laughter. L. ridiculus. See RIDICULE. 
 
 RIGHT, adj. According to rule; straight; proper; just; true: — the 
 right hand is so called, because it is that which is used according to 
 rule or usual custom. Derived, through the Saxon, from the L. rectus, 
 p. part, ofrego, to rule. 
 
 223 
 
RIG-RUI 
 
 RIGTD. adj. Stiff; inflexible ; severe ; extremely strict. F. rigide : 
 L. rigidus ; from rigeo, to be very cold, or frozen. 
 
 RIGOROUS, adj. Extremely cold ; rigid ; severe ; extremely strict. 
 See RIGOUR. 
 
 RIGOUR, or RIG'OR. s. Severe coldness; severity; extreme strict- 
 ness. L. rigor ; rigeo, to be very cold, or frozen. 
 
 RISIBLE, adj. Having the faculty or power of laughing ; exciting 
 laughter. F. risible : L. risibilis : rideo, to laugh. 
 
 RITE. s. Solemn act of religion ; external observance. L. ritus, a 
 rite, or religious ceremony. 
 
 RITUAL. s. A book in which are written the rites and observances 
 of religion. L. ritualis. See RITE. 
 
 ROBUST', adj. Strong : sinewy ; vigorous. L. robustus, made of 
 oak ; robur, oak, of the hardest kind. 
 
 RODOMONTA'DE. s. A vain, noisy, bluster or boast; a rant. F. 
 rodomontade ; from a boasting, boisterous hero, of the Italian poet, 
 Ariosto, called Rodomonte. 
 
 ROGA'TION. s. Supplication ; church-litany, L. rogatio ; from rogo, 
 to entreat. 
 
 ROS'TRUM. s. The scaffold from which the Roman orators ha- 
 rangued. When Camillus overcame Antium, the capital of the 
 Volsci, he carried the prows or beaks of their ships to Rome, and 
 placed them in the Forum, on a tribunal, — thence called Rostrum, 
 signifying the beak of a ship. 
 
 RO'TARY. adj. Moving around as a wheel. L. rota, a wheel. 
 
 ROTA TION. s. The act of turning round like a wheel ; succession, 
 so that when the last has completed a duty, the first will recom- 
 mence, and each will continue to repeat in his turn. L. rotatio ; 
 from rotatus, p. part, of roto, to turn round like a wheel : rota, a 
 wheel. 
 
 ROTUNDA, or ROTUN'DO. s. A circular building, such as the Pan- 
 theon of Rome. L. rotundus, round : rota, a wheel. 
 
 ROTUNDITY, s. Roundness. L. rotunditas ; rotundus, round; rota, 
 a wheel. 
 
 ROUGE, s. Red paint, for the face. F. rouge, red. 
 
 ROUND, adj. Circular ; spherical ; sounding smoothly ; not precisely 
 expressed, but denoted, through convenience, chiefly by round num- 
 bers, or figures ; — as, 5000, instead of 5123. F. rond : L. rotundus ; 
 from rota, a wheel. 
 
 ROUTE, s. Way; road; order, and direction for marching. F. route, 
 
 ■ a way. 
 
 ROUTINE, s. Established mode, or practice. F. See ROUTE. 
 
 ROY'AL. adj. Kingly ; regal. F. from roi, (formerly roy,) a king. 
 
 RU'BRIC. s. Directions, printed in books of law, and in prayer-books; 
 originally distinguished by being in red ink. L. rubrica ; ruber, red. 
 
 RU'EY. s. A precious stone, of a red colour. L. ruber, red. 
 
 RUDE. adj. Untaught; in a state of nature ; barbarous; of coarse 
 manners; uncivil; unpolished; boisterous. L. rudis, new, or fresh. 
 
 RUDIMENTS, s. First principles ; elements of science ; first parts 
 of education. L. rudimentum, the first rules : rudis, new, or fresh. 
 
 RU'IN. s. Fall or destruction ; remains of something demolished. F. 
 ruine ; L. ruina, from ruo, to fall. 
 
 224 
 
RUL— SAL 
 
 RULE. s. Government ; sway ; precept ; an instrument by which lines 
 
 are drawn. L. regula ; from rego, to govern. 
 RU' MI NATE. v. To chew the cud ; to consider again and again. L. 
 
 rumino, to chew over again. 
 RUMOUR, s. Popular report. L. rumor ; ruo, to rush. 
 RUP'TURE. s. Act of breaking or bursting; state of being broken or 
 
 burst ; breach of peace ; open hostility. F. rupture : L. ruptus, p. 
 
 part, of rumpo, to break or burst. 
 RURAL, adj. Relating or pertaining to the country. F. rural : L. 
 
 ruralis ; from ruris, gen. of rus, the country. 
 RUSE DE GUERRE. A trick of war; a stratagem. F. ruse, a 
 
 trick, de, of, guerre, war. 
 RUS'TIC. adj. Rural ; clownish. L. rusticus ; from rus, the country. 
 RUS'TICATE. v. To reside in the country ; to acquire the manners 
 
 of the country. L. rusticor. See RUSTIC. 
 
 S. 
 
 SACCHARINE, adj. Having the qualities of sugar. L. saccharum, 
 sugar. 
 
 SACERDO'TAL. adj. Relating or pertaining to the priesthood. L. 
 sacerdotalis ; sac erdos, a priest; comp. of sacer, sacred, and dos, a 
 portion. 
 
 SACRAMENT, s. A religious ceremony ; the eucharist. L. sacra- 
 mentvm; sacer, sacred. 
 
 SA'CRED. adj. Holy ; devoted to religious uses ; not to be violated ; 
 consecrated. L. sacer, sacred. 
 
 SACRIFICE, v. To offer to Heaven ; to kill, at the altar, as an atone- 
 ment or propitiation ; to destroy or give up, for the sake of some- 
 thing else, or through rashness or misconduct. L. sacrifico ; sacer, 
 sacred, and facto, to make. 
 
 SACRILEGE, s. The crime of appropriating to one's-self, what is 
 devoted to religion ; or of violating or profaning sacred things. L. 
 sacrilegium ; comp. of sacer, holy, and lego, to gather, or steal. 
 
 SACRISTY, s. An apartment, in which are deposited the consecrated 
 vessels or moveables of a church. F. sacristie : L. sacris, gen. of 
 sacer, sacred. 
 
 SAFE. adj. Free from danger; free from hurt; conferring security : — 
 s. a place for meat, &c. F. sauf: L. salvus, safe. 
 
 SAGA'CIOUS. adj. When applied to mere animals, denotes quick of 
 scent, or having a more extended mental faculty than is usually 
 possessed by brutes, — Men are sagacious when they are quick of 
 thought, or acute in discovering. L. sagax, quick-scented. 
 
 SAGE. s. A philosopher ; a man of gravity and wisdom. F. See 
 SAGACIOUS. 
 
 SAGIT TA'RIUS. s. One of the twelve signs of the zodiac. L. Sagit- 
 tarius, an archer : sagitta, an arrow. 
 
 SAINT, s. A person revered for piety and virtue. F. saint: L. sanc- 
 tus, holy, or pious : from the p. part, of sancio, to make sacred. 
 
 SALAMMO'NIAC. s. A species of salt, formerly dug from the sands 
 in some parts of Africa ; an artificial salt, named muriate of ammo- 
 nia. L. sal, salt, and G. aminos, sand. 
 
 225 
 
SAL— SAN 
 
 SAL'ARY. s. Stated hire ; annual or stated payment. F. salaire : L. 
 solarium ; from sal, salt ; because the Roman soldiers were origi- 
 nally paid in salt. — This is the derivation given of salary, by both 
 ancient and modern writers ; but the author of this work is inclined 
 to question its correctness. 
 SALT ANT. adj. In heraldry, denotes in a leaping posture. F. See 
 
 SALIENT. 
 SAL'IENT. adj. Leaping ; moving by leaps ; — in fortification, pro- 
 jecting. L. saliens, part, of salio, to leap. 
 SALIFIABLE, adj. Capable of combining with acids, and forming 
 
 salts. L. sal, salt, and Jio, to become. 
 SALI'NE. adj. Partaking of the properties of salt. L. salinus ; from 
 
 sal, salt. 
 SALIVA, s. That which flows from the mouth ; juice separated by 
 
 the salival glands. L. saliva, spittle. 
 SALTVATE. v. To purge by the salival glands. L. salivo. See 
 
 SALIVA. 
 SAL'LY. s. Sortie ; rapid egress, as from a place besieged ; volatile or 
 
 sprightly exertion of wit. F. saille : L. salio, to leap. 
 SALUBRIOUS, adj. Wholesome; promoting health. L. salubris ; 
 
 salus, health. 
 SALUTARY, adj. Contributing to safety ; advantageous. L. salutaris ; 
 
 from salutis, gen. of salus, health, or safety. 
 SALU'TE. v. To greet; to hail; to honour in a military way, by a 
 
 discharge of guns, a present' of arms, &c. L. saluto ; salus, health. 
 SALUTIFEROUS. adj. Bringing health or safety. L. salulifer : sa- 
 lutis, gen. of salus, health, and fero, to bring. 
 SAL'VABLE. adj. Possible to be saved. L. salvo, to save. 
 SAL'VAGE. s. Recompense for saving goods from a wreck, or a ship 
 
 from being lost, when found at sea without any living person on 
 
 board. F. from the L. salvo, to save. 
 SALVATION, s. Preservation; saving of the soul from eternal 
 
 misery. L. salvo, to save. 
 SALVE, s. A remedy ; a remedial plaster. L. salvo, to save. 
 SAL'VO. s. An exception; a reservation. L. abl. of salvus, safe; that 
 
 is, saved, or excepted. 
 SANATIVE, adj. Curing ; healing. L. sano, to heal. 
 SANCTIFY, v. To make holy. F. sanctifier : L. sanctifico ; sanctus^ 
 
 holy, and facio, to make. 
 SANCTIMONY, s. Holiness ; appearance of holiness. L. sanctimonia : 
 
 sancfus, holy. See SAINT. 
 SANCTION, s. Solemn confirmation; countenance. L. sanctio ; 
 
 sanctus, p. part, of sancio, to make sacred. 
 SANCTITY, s. Holiness ; purity. L. sanctitas. See SAINT. 
 SANCTOL'OGY. s. A history of saints. L. sanctus, holy, and G. 
 
 logos, a word. 
 SANCTUARY, s. A sacred or holy place ; properly the most retired 
 
 and awful part of a temple ; sacred asylum. L. sanctuarium ; sanc- 
 tus, p. part, of sancio, to make sacred. 
 SANCTUM SANCTORUM. The Holy of Holies, or most holy 
 
 place ; that part of a temple which is prohibited to be entered, or 
 
 looked into. L. 
 
 226 
 
SAN— SAT 
 
 SANE. adj. Healthy ; of sound mind. L. sanus, whole, or sound. 
 
 SANG FROID'. s. Coolness ; indifference ; apathy. F. sang, blood, 
 and j void, co'd. 
 
 SANGUINARY, adj. Bloody; cruel; murderous. L. sanguinarius : 
 sanguinis, gen. of sanguis, blood. 
 
 SAN'GUINE. adj. Red; having - the colour of blood; abounding with 
 blood; warm; ardent; confident. L. sanguineus ; from sanguinis, 
 gen. of sanguis, blood. 
 
 SANITARY, adj. Conducive to health. See SANITY. 
 
 SANTTY. s. Soundness of mind; opposed to insanity. L. sanitas, 
 See SANE. 
 
 SANS. prep. Without. F. 
 
 SANSCULOT'TES. s. A reproachful name given to one of the parties 
 of France, in the period which succeeded the revolution of 1789. F. 
 sans, without, culotte, breeches. 
 
 SAP'IENT. adj. Wise. L. sapiens, part, of sapio, to be wise. 
 
 SAPONA'CEOUS. adj. Soapy ; having the qualities of soap. L. sa- 
 ponis, gen. of sapo, soap. 
 
 SARCASM, s. Bitter and personal satire ; a taunt. F. sarcasme : L. 
 sarcasmus : G. sarkasmos ; from sarkazo, to pluck or pull away the 
 flesh : sarx, flesh. 
 
 SARCOPH'AGUS. s. Originally signified a stone, in which dead bo- 
 dies, when inclosed, consumed and wasted away, bones and all, ex- 
 cept the teeth, in about forty days. It now signifies a sepulchre, of 
 the usual kind. L. sarcophagus : G. sarx, flesh, and phago, to eat. 
 
 SARCOTTC. adj. Incarnative ; having the quality of filling up sores 
 with new flesh. G. sarx, flesh. 
 
 SARDONTC. adj. This word, when applied to grinning or laughter, 
 means forced or affected. — An herb grows in Sardinia, of so bitter 
 a taste, as to cause convulsive laughter, according to the ancients ; 
 hence, the L. expression, Sardonicus risus. 
 
 Into ego Sardois videar tibi amarior herbis. 
 
 Virg. Buc. Eel. vii. Line 41. 
 
 SATED, part. adj. Satiated ; glutted. See SATIATE. 
 
 SAT'ELLITE. s. An attendant, (in an evil sense;) a small planet re- 
 volving around a larger. L. salelles, a species of soldiers, or a par- 
 tisan. 
 
 SATIATE, v. To satisfy ; to glut, or fill beyond natural desire. L. 
 satio : G. satto, to burthen. 
 
 SATFETY. s. Fulness, beyond desire or pleasure ; more than enough. 
 L. satietas. See SATIATE. 
 
 SATTRE. s. A poem, (or prosaic discourse,) in which wickedness or 
 folly is censured. L. satyra, or satira: G. saturos, a sylvan god. 
 This kind of poem is of very ancient date; and (according to Horace) 
 was introduced, into the Greek tragedies, by way of interlude, to re- 
 lieve the audience from the force of those strokes which were thought 
 too'deep and affecting. In these satirical interludes, the scene was 
 laid in the country, and the persons were rural deities, satyrs, pea- 
 sants, &c. 
 
 SATISFACTION, s. Act of fully satisfying, or state of being satis- 
 fied ; release from suspense ; recompense for an injury. L. satisfactio. 
 See SATISFY. 
 
 227 
 
SAT— SCH 
 
 SAT'ISFY. v. To content; to recompense; to appease by punish- 
 ment ; to free from doubt, perplexity, or suspense ; to convince. L. 
 satisfacio ; comp. of satis, enough, and facio, to make. 
 
 SATURATE, v. To impregnate, until no more can be received or 
 imbibed. L. saturo ; from satur, full-fed. 
 
 SATUR'NIAN. adj. Happy ; golden ; used by the poets in relation to 
 times of felicity, such as are fabulously related to have been in the 
 days of Saturn, when he is said to have reigned in Italy. 
 
 SATUR'NINE. adj. Gloomy ; grave ; of severe temper ; supposed to 
 be born under the dominion of the planet Saturn. L. saturninus. 
 
 SAVAGE, adj. Wild ; uncultivated ; uncivilized ; barbarous ; cruel. 
 
 F. sauvage : L. sylva, a wood. 
 
 SAVE. v. To preserve from danger or destruction ; to reserve or lay 
 by ; to except. F. sauver : L. salvo, to preserve. 
 
 SAVE. prep. Except; not including. Imperative of the verb save. 
 
 SCALA DE. s. Entry of a fortified place by means of ladders. F. from 
 the L. scala, a ladder. 
 
 SCALE, v. To enter by means of a ladder ; to climb as by a ladder. 
 L. scala, a ladder. 
 
 SCALE, s. Regular gradation ; regular series, rising like a ladder ; a 
 figure subdivided by lines like the Bteps of a ladder, used in mea- 
 suring proportions ; series of harmonic proportions, &.c. L. scala, a 
 ladder. 
 
 SCANDAL, s. Offence given by the faults of others; reproachful as- 
 persion; infamy. L. scandalum : G.skandalon: skazo, to halt, or 
 be maimed. 
 
 SCENE, s. Originally signified that part in front of a theatre, assigned 
 for the decorations. It now denotes a painted representation, on 
 boards or canvas ; also a division of the play, &c. L. scena : G. skene, 
 a small wooden house or tent. See Rollin's An. His. 1 vol. 89. 
 
 SCENT, v. To smell ; to perceive by the nose; to perfume. F. scentir ; 
 from the L. sentio, to perceive. 
 
 SCEP'TIC. s. One who assents or believes only after seeing unques- 
 tionable evidence. F. sceptique: G. skeptikos ; from skeptomai, to 
 look around. 
 
 SCEP'TRE. s. A kind of royal staff, or batoon, now used only on 
 solemn occasions. L. sceptrum : G. skeplron ; from skepto, to lean 
 upon. 
 
 SCHED'ULE. s. A piece of paper or parchment, containing an inven- 
 tory or list of goods, &c, and in general annexed to a larger writing. 
 L. schedula: G. schede, a sheet or leaf of paper; from schizo, 
 to cut. 
 
 SCHEME, s. Plan; project; contrivance. G. schema, a form, or 
 figure. 
 
 SCHISM, s. Separation, or division, arising from discordant opinions. 
 
 G. schisma ; from schizo, to split. 
 
 SCHISMATIC, s. One who has separated in consequence of holding 
 
 a different opinion. See SCHISM. 
 SCHOLAR, s. Member of a school; one who learns of a master; a 
 
 disciple; a man of letters. See SCHOOL. 
 SCHO'LIUM. s. A note ; an explanatory observation : pi. scholia. L. 
 
 from the G. scholion. See SCHOOL. 
 
SCH— SCR 
 
 SCHOOL, s. A place of discipline and instruction ; system of doc. 
 
 trine, peculiar to any teacher. L. schola : G. schole, retirement, 
 
 leisure. 
 SCIA'TER. s. An instrument used in designing. G. skia, a shadow. 
 SCI'ENCE. s. Knowledge ; any species of knowledge. Science is 
 
 theoretical knowledge ; Art is practical knowledge. Botany is a 
 
 science ; Gardening, an art. F. science : L. scientia : sciens, part. 
 
 of scio, to know. 
 SCIENTIFIC, or SCIENTIFICAL. adj. Producing demonstrative 
 
 or certain knowledge; philosophical; not mechanical. F. scienti- 
 Jique: L. scientia, knowledge, and facio, to make. See SCIENCE. 
 SCIN'TILLA. s. A spark ; an iota. L. scintilla, a spark. 
 SCIN'TILLATE. v. To emit sparks. L. scintillo : scintilla, a spark : 
 
 scindo, to break off, or divide. 
 SCIOLIST, adj. One who knows many things superficially. L. scio, 
 
 to know. 
 SCIOP'TIC. adj. Pertaining to an instrument used in the camera ob- 
 
 scura. G. skia, a shadow, optomai, to see. 
 SCIRE FA' CIAS. The name given to a judicial writ, ordering the 
 
 defendant to show cause, why the execution should not be made out 
 
 of a judgment which has passed, &c. L. facias, you must cause, 
 
 scire, to know : scio, a.nd facio. 
 SCIS'SORS. s. A sort of instrument for cutting. L. scissus, p. part. 
 
 of scindo, to cut. 
 SCLEROTTC. adj. Hard ; an epithet applied to one of the coats of 
 
 the eye. F. sclerotique : G. skelos, hard. 
 SCOPE, s. Aim ; intention ; room, &c. L. scopus : G. skeptomai, to 
 
 look. 
 SCO'RIA. s. Dross; recrement. L. scoria : G. skoria : skor, dung. 
 SCOR'PIO. s. One of the twelve signs of the zodiac. L. scorpio, a 
 
 scorpion. 
 SCOT'OMY. s. A dizziness of the head, which causes dimness of 
 
 sight. G. skotoma : skoto-o, to darken. 
 SCOURGE, s. A whip; an instrument of punishment ; a punishment; 
 
 one that harasses, or destroys. F. escourgee : L. corrigia ; from 
 
 corrigo, to correct : con, with, and rego, to rule. 
 SCRIBBLE, v. To write without use or elegance ; to write carelessly 
 
 or ill. L. scribillo : scribo, to write. 
 SCRIBE, s. A writer. This term was much used before the invention 
 
 of printing. L. scriba: scribo, to write. 
 SCRIPTURE, s. Sacred writing; (plural,) the Bible. L. scriptura : 
 
 scribo, to write. 
 SCRIVENER, s. One who writes contracts; one who writes under 
 
 the superintendence of an attorney. L. scribo, to write. 
 SCRU'PLE. s. Doubt; difficulty of determination, generally respecting 
 
 minute things ; twenty grains ; proverbially, any small quantity. 
 
 L. scrvpulus ; from scrutor, to search diligently, or explore. 
 SCRU'TABLE. adj. Discoverable by scrutiny. See SCRUTINY. 
 SCRU'TINY. s. Minute search, or examination. L. scrutinium: 
 
 scrutor, to search diligently, or explore : from scruta, lumber ; mean- 
 ing to search amongst rubbish. 
 
 v 229 
 
SCR— SEC 
 
 SCRU'TOIRE. s. A cabinet for writings. F. ecritoire, (formerly es. 
 
 criioire :) ecrire, to write. 
 SCULPTOR, s. A carver; one who cuts wood or stone into images. 
 
 L. sculptor : sculptus, p. part, of sculpo, to carve, or grave. 
 SCURRILOUS, adj. Grossly opprobrious ; vile ; low. L. scurrilis : 
 
 scurra, a scoffer, or buffoon. 
 SEBACIC. adj. Sebacic acid is procured from animal fat. L. seba- 
 
 ceus : sebum, tallow. 
 SEBATES. s. Salts formed by the sebacic acid, when combined with 
 
 alkalies, earths, and metallic oxides. See SEBACIC. 
 SE'CANT. s. A right line drawn from the centre of a circle, meeting 
 
 and cutting another line, without it, called the tangent. L. secans, 
 
 part, of seco, to cut. 
 SECE'DE. v. To withdraw, in consequence of holding a different 
 
 opinion. L. secedo : se, denoting separation, and cedo, to depart. 
 SECES'SION. s. Act of seceding. L. secessio. See SECEDE. 
 SECLUDE, v. To shut up, or confine from ; to withdraw ; to exclude. 
 
 L. secludo ; comp. of se, denoting separation, and claudo, to shut. 
 SECOND, adj. Following next in order to the first; the ordinal of 
 
 two; inferior. F. second: L. secundus ; from sequor, to follow. 
 SECOND, s. One who is not a principal, but a supporter or abettor ; 
 
 one who accompanies another in a duel ; a sixtieth part of a minute, 
 
 formerly called a second minute. See the adjective. 
 SECONDARY, adj. Not primary ; following the first ; subordinate ; 
 
 not of the first order. L. secundarius. See SECOND. 
 SE'CRET. adj. Retired ; private ; unseen ; hidden ; unrevealed. F. 
 
 secret : L. secretus, part, of secerno, to put asunder : se, asunder, and 
 
 cerno, to sift, or separate. 
 SECRETARY, s. One intrusted with the secrets, or the management 
 
 of business ; one who writes for another ; a writing desk, or cabinet 
 
 for holding valuable papers. L. secretarius. See SECRET. 
 SECRETE', v. To hide ; (in the animal economy,) to separate. See 
 
 SE'CRET. 
 SECRE'TION. s. That agency in the animal economy which consists 
 
 in secreting or separating the various fluids of the body; the fluid 
 
 secreted. See SECRETE. 
 SECT. s. A separate body, or subdivision of persons, holding an opi- 
 nion different from the society from which they have separated. F. 
 
 secte : L. secta. See SECTION. 
 SECTION, s. A part divided from the rest; a division, h.sectio: 
 
 sectus, p. part, of seco, to cut. , 
 
 SECTOR, s. In geometry, a mathematical instrument, for describing 
 
 or -measuring angles. L. from sectus, p. part, of seco, to cut, or 
 
 divide. 
 SECULAR, adj. Relating to affairs of this world ; not spiritual : — in 
 
 the church of Rome, not bound by monastic rules. L. secularis : 
 
 seculum, an age or period of man's life : secula, a scythe, (from seco, 
 
 to cut ;) alluding to the emblematical scythe of Time. 
 SECUNDUM ARTEM. According to art. L. 
 
 SECU'RE. adj. Using no care to avert danger ; without fear ; confi- 
 dent; safe; sufficiently confined to prevent escape. L. securus : se, 
 
 asunder, and cura, care. 
 
 230 
 
SED— SEN 
 
 SEDA'TE. adj. Still ; calm ; serene ; grave. L. sedatus, p. part, of 
 
 sedo, to allay : sedeo, to sit. 
 SED'ENTARY. adj. Passed in sitting still; without motion or action. 
 
 L. sedentarius : sedeo, to sit. 
 SEDIMENT, s. That which subsides to, or rests at the bottom. F. 
 
 sediment : L. sedimentum : sedeo, to sit, or rest on. 
 SEDITION, s. Mutiny; treasonable conspiracy. L. seditio ; from 
 
 sedeo, to sit : that is, to sit together, or convene. 
 SEDU'CE. v. To lead from duty, or allegiance; to allure; to betray; 
 
 to dishonour. L. seduco : se, asunder, and duco, to lead. 
 SEDUCTION, s. Act of seducing. F. seduction: L. seductus, p. part. 
 
 of seduco. See SEDUCE. 
 SED'ULOUS. adj. Being in the habit of close and regular application 
 
 to any business ; assiduous ; very industrious. L. sedulus : sedeo, to 
 
 sit. 
 SEEM. v. To make or have a show or semblance ; to have the appear- 
 
 ance ot truth or fact. F. sembler ; from the L. similis, like. 
 SEG'MENT. s. A figure contained between a chord and an arch of a 
 
 circle, or so much of a circle as is cut off by the chord. F. segment : 
 
 L. segtnentum ; from seco, to cut. 
 SELECT', adj. Chosen ; chosen on account of superior excellence. 
 
 L. selectus, p. part, of selego : se, asunder, and lego, (legere,) to 
 
 choose. 
 SELENOG'RAPHY. s. A description of the moon. G. selene, the 
 
 moon, and grapho, to write. 
 SEM'BLANCE. s. Likeness ; resemblance ; figure. F. semblance : 
 
 L. similis, like. 
 SEM'I. A word which, used in composition, signifies half; as, semi- 
 diameter, half the diameter. L. 
 SEM'INAL. adj. Relating or pertaining to seed. L. seminalis : semi- 
 
 nis, gen. of semen, seed. 
 SEMTNARY. s. The ground in which seeds are sown, with a design 
 
 of transplanting their produce ; place of education, where the seeds 
 
 of knowledge, and of future usefulness and good conduct, are sown. 
 
 L. seminarium ; from semen, seed. 
 SEN'ATE. s. An assembly of state counsellors or legislators, chosen 
 
 on account of their mature age, and consequently greater experience, 
 
 wisdom, and prudence. L. senatus : senex, an old man. 
 SENESCENCE, s. The state of growing old. L. senescens, part, of 
 
 senesco : senis, old. 
 SENTLE. adj. Relating or pertaining to old age. L. senilis : senium, 
 
 old age. 
 SE'NIOR. adj. The elder, (opposed to junior.) L. senior, compar. of 
 
 senex, old. 
 SENSA'TION. s. Perception or feeling through the senses. L. sen- 
 
 satio. See SENSE. 
 SENSE, s. Faculty or power by which external objects are perceived 
 
 or felt by the mind. The senses are five in number : sight, touch, 
 
 hearing, smell, and taste. But this term is applied more generally 
 
 in common discourse, though restricted, as here denned, by meta- 
 physicians. L. sensus ; from a part, of sentio, to discern by the 
 
 senses. 
 
 231 
 
SEN— SER 
 
 SEN'SIBLE. adj. Having the power of perceiving by the senses ; 
 perceptible by the senses; state of having perceived by the senses. 
 See SENSE. 
 
 SEN'SITIVE. adj. Having sense or perception, but not reason , af- 
 fected by contact, or the touch, as a sensitive plant. F. sensitif. 
 See SENSE. 
 
 SENSO'RIUM, or SENSORY, s. That part whence the senses 
 transmit their perceptions to the mind ; the seat of sense. L. See 
 SENSE. 
 
 SEN'SUAL. adj. Affecting or pertaining to the senses, but not to the 
 mind; carnal; luxurious; lewd. F. sensuel. See SENSE. 
 
 SEN'TENCE. s. Determination or decision, as of a judge; doom; so 
 many words as express a sentiment or occurrence iully, and accord- 
 ing to the rules of grammar. F. sentence : L. sententia ; from sen- 
 tio, to be sensible of' or think. 
 
 SENTENTIOUS, adj. Abounding with sentences, axioms, and max- 
 ims, — short and energetic. L. sententiosus. See SENTENCE. 
 
 SENTIENT, adj. Perceiving ; having perception. L. sentiens, part. 
 of sentio, to perceive through the senses. 
 
 SENTIMENT, s. Conception of the mind; notion; opinion; mean- 
 ing, considered distinctly from the language. F. sentiment : L. sen. 
 tio, to feel, or think. 
 
 SENTINEL, s. One who watches or guards, to prevent surprise or 
 theft. F. sentinelle : L. sentio, to discern. 
 
 SENTRY, s. A sentinel. See SENTINEL. 
 
 SEPARATE, v. To sever a part from the rest ; to disunite : to with- 
 draw. L. separo : se, asunder, and paio, to make, or dispose. 
 
 SEPTANGULAR, adj. Having seven angles. L. septem, seven, and 
 angulus, an angle. 
 
 SEPTEM'BER. s. The ninth month ; formerly, the seventh, when the 
 year began in March. L. from septem, seven. 
 
 SEPTEN'NIAL. adj. Lasting seven years ; happening once in seven 
 years. L. septennis : septem, seven, and annus, a year. 
 
 SEPTIC, or SEPTICAL. adj. Corrupting ; causing putrefaction. L. 
 seplicus : G. septikos ; from sepo, to putrefy. 
 
 SEPTUAGINT. s. The ancient Greek version of the Old Testament; 
 so called, as being the work of about seventy (seventy-two) inter- 
 preters. L. septuaginta, seventy. 
 
 SEPTUPLE, adj. Sevenfold. L. septuplex ; comp. of septem, seven, 
 and duplex, double. 
 
 SEP'ULCHRE. s. A place inclosed for burial. L. sepulcrum : sepul- 
 tus, p. part, of sepelio, to bury ; from sepio, to inclose, or hedge in. 
 
 SEPULTURE, s. Burial in a sepulchre. F. sepulture : L. sepultura. 
 See SEPULCHRE. 
 
 SEQUA'CIOUS. adj. Following ; attendant ; pliant. L. sequacis, gen. 
 ofseqvax: sequor, to follow. 
 
 SE'QUEL. s. Succeeding part; consequence; event. F. sequelle : 
 L. sequor, to follow. 
 
 SEQUENCE, s. Order of succession ; series. L. sequens, part, of 
 sequor, to follow. 
 
 SERE'NE. adj. Calm ; placid ; unruffled. L. serenus, clear, without 
 clouds. 
 
 232 
 
SER-SEX 
 
 SERIAT'IM. According to place or seniority. L. from series, an 
 
 order, concatenation, or course. 
 SE'RIES. s. Connected succession ; order ; course. L. series ; from 
 
 sero, to lay in order, or join. 
 SERIOUS, adj. Grave; solemn; in earnest; important. L. serins: 
 
 sero, to lay in order. 
 SER'MON. s. A religious or moral discourse, pronounced or composed 
 
 generally by a clergyman. F. sermon: L. sermo, discourse, talk. 
 SEROUS* adj. Thin ; watery ; relating or pertaining to the serum, 
 
 L. serosus : serum, whey. 
 SERTENT. s. An animal that moves by undulation, without legs. 
 
 L. serpens, part, of serpo, to creep. 
 SERPENTINE, adj. Resembling a serpent; winding like a serpent. 
 
 L. serpentinus. See SERPENT. 
 SER'RATE, or SERRA'TED. adj. Indented like the edge of a saw. 
 
 L. serratus : serra, a saw. 
 SE'RUM. s. In anatomy, a thin, transparent, saltish liquor, which 
 
 makes a considerable quantity of the mass of blood. L. serum, 
 
 whey. 
 SER'VANT. s. One who is under an obligation to work for another. 
 
 F. servant. See SERVE. 
 SERVE, v. To work for ; to attend at command ; to obey ; to supply 
 
 with food or table furniture, ceremoniously; to supply; to aid; to 
 
 promote; to content ; to deliver, as in the case of a summons. L. 
 
 servio : servus, a bond servant : servo, to keep, heed, or defend. 
 SER'VICE. s. Act of serving ; time of serving ; public office of devo- 
 tion ; employment; benefit, &c. F. service: L. servitium. See 
 
 SERVE. 
 SER'VILE. adj. Slavish; relating to a slave; dependent; mean; 
 
 fawning or cringing, L. servilis. See SERVE. 
 SER'VITOR. s. One who acts under another; one of the lowest order 
 
 in a university. F. serviteur. See SERVE. 
 SESQUIPEDA'LION. s. Containing a foot and a half. L. sesqui, 
 
 so much and half as much, and pedis, gen, of pes, a foot. 
 SESS. s. See CESS. 
 SES'SION. s. A stated assembly of magistrates, legislators, divines, 
 
 &c. ; the space during which the assembly sits. F. session : L. 
 
 sessio ; from sedeo, to sit. 
 SETA'CEOUS. adj. Bristly ; set with strong hairs ; consisting of 
 
 strong hairs. L. seta, a bristle. 
 SE'TON. s. A hair, or thread of silk, inserted in the flesh, to cause a 
 
 discharge of humour. F. seton : L. seta, a bristle, or strong hair. 
 SEVER, v. To separate ; to disjoin. F. sevrer : L. separo : se, asun- 
 der, and paro, to make. 
 SEVERAL, adj. Different; distinct; particular; single; divers; 
 
 many. See SEVER. 
 SEX. s. The property by which any animal or plant is male or female ; 
 
 gender, as regards male and female. F.sexe: L. sezus : sectvs, p. 
 
 part, of seco, to cut, or divide. 
 SEXAGES'IMA. adj. Relating to the second Sunday before Lent; so 
 
 called as being about the sixtieth day before Easter, L. fem of 
 
 sexagesimuSy the sixtieth. 
 
 u* 233 
 
SEX— SIM 
 
 SEXAN'GULAR. adj. Having six angles. L. sex, six, and angulus, 
 
 an angle. 
 
 SEXEN'NIAL. adj. Lasting six years ; happening once in six years. 
 L. sex, six, and annus, a year. 
 
 SEX'TANT. s. The sixth part of a circle ; an astronomical instru- 
 ment formed like a quadrant, (of 90 degrees,) but the limb ef which 
 comprehends 60 degrees, or the sixth part of a circle. L. sextans, a 
 sixth part : sex, six. 
 
 SEX'TILE. adj. Relating to the position of two planets, when at 60 
 degrees distance (the sixth of a circle,) from each other. L. sextilis ; 
 from sex, six. 
 
 SEXTUPLE, adj. Sixfold ; six times told. L. sexiuplus : sex, six, 
 and duplex, double. 
 
 SIB'ILANT. adj. Hissing. L. sihilans, part, of sibiJo, to hiss. 
 
 SICCA'TION. s. Act of drying. L. siccatus, p. part, of sicco, to dry. 
 
 SI'DERAL. adj. Starry; astral. L. sideralis : sideris, gen. of sidus, 
 a star. 
 
 SIDEROGRAPH IC. adj. Relating to the art of engraving or im- 
 pressing letters and other figures on iron or steel ; an art brought to 
 a very high state of perfection, if not invented, by Perkins &. Co. of 
 Philadelphia. G. sideros, iron, and grapho, to write. 
 
 SIGN. s. A mark ; that by which any thing is shown ; an omen. F. 
 signe : L. signum,a mark. In the age of darkness, when the clergy 
 purposely held the laity in the grossest ignorance, writing was con- 
 fined chiefly to the cloisters ; and persons who could not write made 
 the sign of the cross, in place of their name, in confirmation of any 
 legal deed : hence, the phrase signing, instead of subscribing a paper. 
 
 SIGN. v. To affix or subjoin one's hand-writing or seal, as evidence 
 of identity or ratification ; to signify. See the substantive. 
 
 SIG'NAL. s. Notice given by a sign ; a sign that gives notice ; adj. 
 conspicuous ; remarkable. F. signal. See SIGN. 
 
 SIG'NATURE. s. A sign or mark impressed upon any thing ; sign- 
 manual. F. signature : L. signatura. See SIGN. 
 
 SIG'NET. s. A sea!, generally used for the seal manual of a prince. 
 F. signette, dimin. of signe, a mark. See SIGN. 
 
 SIG'NIFY. v. To declare by some sign or token ; to express ; to im- 
 port. F. signifter : L. significo ; comp. of signum, a sign, and/ac70, 
 to make. 
 
 SILEX. s. Flint. L. 
 
 SILICEOUS, adj. Having the nature of silex, or flint. L. siliceus, 
 or silicius : silicis, gen. of silex, a flint stone. 
 
 SIL'VAN, or SYL'VAN. adj. Woody ; shady; relating or pertaining 
 to woods. L. silca, or sylva, a wood. 
 
 SIMTLAR. adj. Like ; resembling. F. similaire : L. similis, like. 
 
 SIMILE, s. A comparison, by which any thing is illustrated or made 
 more striking- to the understanding. L. similis, like. 
 
 SIMILTTUDE. s. Likeness; resemblance; comparison. L. simili. 
 tudo ; from similis, like. 
 
 SI'MONY. s. The crime of buying or selling church preferments, or 
 of corruptly ordaining or licensing any person for the church ; so 
 called, from the resemblance it is said to bear to the sin of Simon 
 Magus, who, upon seeing the miraculous effects of the laying on of 
 
 234 
 
SIM— SOC 
 
 the apostles' hands, offered them money; saying, "Give me, also, 
 this power," &c. — Acts, viii. 18. 
 
 SIM'PLE. adj. Single; uncompounded ; plain; artless; unskilled; 
 silly. F. simple: L. simplex: comp. of sine, without, and plico, to 
 fold. 
 
 SIMULA'TION. s. Act of assuming- the appearance of some particular 
 character, with the intention of deceiving. F. simulation: L. simu- 
 latio : simulatus, p. part, of simulo : sirnilis, like. 
 
 SIMULTANEOUS, adj. Acting together ; acting at the same time. 
 L. simultaneus ; from simul, together, and teneo, to hold. 
 
 SIN'ECURE. s. An office which has revenue, without any care or 
 employment. L. sine, without, cava, care. 
 
 SINE DTE. When a business is adjourned sine die, no day is ap- 
 pointed for its reconsideration. L. sine, without, die, (abh of dies,) 
 a day. 
 
 SINE QUA NON. A sine qua non (without which, not,) is an indis- 
 pensable condition, — without which being acceded, one of the parties 
 is predetermined not to sign a treaty or compact : thus, the " acknow- 
 ledgment of the independence of the United States" was a sine qua 
 non, proposed and obtained by the American commissioners at Paris 
 in 1782-3. L. 
 
 SIN'GLE. adj. Not more than one; unconnected; particular; indi- 
 vidual ; alone ; unmarried. L. singulus, every, each one, one by one. 
 
 SINGULAR, adj. Single ; expressing only one; not plural; unexam- 
 pled ; remarkable ; unique. L. singularis. See SINGLE. 
 
 SINISTER, adj. Left, as opposed to right; evil designed ; unfair. L. 
 
 SINIS'TROUS. adj. Absurd ; perverse ; evil designed. See SINIS- 
 TER. 
 ~SIN'UATED. adj. Bent in and out. L. sinuatus, p. part, of sinvo, to 
 wind : sinus, a bosom, or bay. 
 
 SINUOUS, adj. Bending in undent. L. sinus, a bosom, or bay. 
 
 SIR. s. A word of respect, used in addressing a man above the vulgar 
 class ; the title of a baronet, or of a knight. F. sire. See SIRE. 
 
 SIRE. s. A father ; a word of respect, used in addressing a prince. F. 
 sire : L. senior, elder. 
 
 SI'REN. s. A goddess, (one of three,) who is fabulously related to have 
 enticed men by singing, and then devoured them ; any mischievous 
 enticer. L. siren. The name, according to Bochart, who derives it 
 from the Phenician language, implies a songstress. Its meaning is, 
 therefore, synonymous with the G. surizzo, to play on a pipe. 
 
 SITE. s. Situation ; local position. L. situs ; from situs, (p. part, of 
 sino,) set,i or placed. 
 
 SITUA'TION. s. Place ; position ; state. F. situation. See SITE. 
 
 SKEL'ETON. s. The bones of a body, preserved or remaining, as 
 nearly as possible, in their natural position ; the frame of any thing, 
 in an unfinished or decayed state ; officers of a regiment which has 
 been wasted in service. G-. from skelo, to dry. 
 
 SKEP'TIC. s. See SCEPTIC. 
 
 SO'CIAL. adj. Fond of society ; relating to society ; familiar; cheer- 
 ful ; agreeable. L. socialis ; from socius, a companion. 
 
 SOCI'ETY. s. Union of many in one general interest; people thus 
 united ; company. F. societe : L. societas ; socius, a companion. 
 
 235 
 
SOI— SOL 
 
 SOI DISANT'. Self-called ; as, the soi-disant baronet. F. 
 
 SOJOURN', v. To dwell only for a time ; to live as from home. F. 
 sejourner ; journee, a journey : jour, a day. 
 
 SOL ACE. v. To comfort; to cheer. L. solor, to comfort. 
 
 SO'LAR. adj. Relating or pertaining to the sun. L. Solaris ; sol, the 
 sun. 
 
 SOLD'ER. v. To unite or fasten with metallic cement. L.solido; 
 from solidus, solid. 
 
 SOL'DIER. s. A warrior. Originally, one who served for pay. L. 
 soldurius. The most rational derivation of the word Soldier, is to be 
 found in Caesar's Com. De Bell. Gall. Lib. iii. xxii. — "Atque in ea re, 
 omnium nostrorum intentis an i mis, alia ex parte oppidi Adscantuan- 
 nus, qui summam imperii tenebat, cum DC devotis, quos illi (Galli) 
 Soldurios appellant : quorum hsec est conditio, ut omnibus in vita 
 commodis una cum his fruantur, quorum se amicitiaa dediderint: si 
 quid iis per vim accidat, aut eundem casum una ferant, aut sibi 
 mortem consciscant : neque adhuc hominum memoria repertus est 
 quisquam, qui, eo interfecto.cujus se amicitife devovisset, mori recu- 
 saret." — "And, when the attention of all was turned to that affair, 
 Adscantuannus, who held the chief command, came out, from an- 
 other part of the town, with 600 determined men, whom they (the 
 Gauls) call SOLDURII : whose condition is this, that, in every cir- 
 cumstance of life, they enjoy the same lot with them to whom they 
 have attached themselves in friendship. If any violence is done to 
 them, they either suffer the same misfortune, 01 devote themselves 
 to death for them : nor as yet, within the memory of man, has any 
 one been found, who, the person being slain, to whom he had devoted 
 himself in friendship, had refused to die." 
 
 SOLE. s. That part which touches the ground. L. solu?n, that which 
 sustains or bears any thing on it; the ground. 
 
 SOLE. adj. Single; only; (in law,) not married. Old F. sole: L. 
 solus, alone. 
 
 SOL'ECISM. s. Unfitness of one word to another; impropriety in 
 language. L. soloecismvs : G. soloikismos : Solas, a Grecian city of 
 Cilicia, in Asia Minor, the inhabitants of which degenerated, in lan- 
 guage, from the purity of the Attic dialect ; hence, the Athenians 
 applied the term, soloikoi, to all people of barbarous speech, and to 
 all barbarians. 
 
 SOL'EMN. adj. Religiously grave ; awful ; serious. L. solemnis, or 
 solennis, yearly, or appointed: that is, done every year, at an ap- 
 pointed time, in the manner of a religious ceremony : solus, only, 
 and annus, a vear. 
 
 SOLICIT, v. To entreat ; to implore ; to ask. L. solicito, to stir or 
 dig up the ground, to disturb, to be busy, to trouble, to press, to be 
 urgent : solum, the ground, and cito, to excite, or stir up. 
 
 SOLICITOUS, adj. Anxious; anxiously desirous; concerned. L. 
 solicitus. See SOLICIT. „ 
 
 SOLTD. adj. Not liquid ; compact ; not hollow ; full of matter ; strong ; 
 firm ; having all the geometrical dimensions ; sound ; real ; grave. 
 L. solidus, substantial. 
 
 SOLIDUNG'ULOUS. adj. Whole-hoofed, not cloven. L. solidus, solid, 
 and uvgulus, a hoof. 
 
 236 
 
SOL— SOR 
 
 SOLILOQUY, s. A discourse made by one, in private, to himself. F. 
 
 soliloque : L. sgIus, alone, and loquor, to speak. 
 SOL'IPEDE. s. An animal whose feet are not cloven. L. solidi, and 
 
 pedes, pi. of solidus, solid, and pes, a foot. 
 SOLITARY, adj. Alone ; retired ; done or passed without company ; 
 
 single. L. solitarius ; solus, alone. 
 SOL'ITUDE. s. Solitary life ; state of being alone ; retirement ; a de- 
 sert. L. solitudo ; solus, alone. 
 SO'LO. s. A tune designed for a single instrument, or a single voice. 
 
 Italian ; from the L. solus, alone. 
 SOL'STICE. s. A point in the ecliptic, beyond which the sun does not 
 
 go ; or, rather, beyond which the earth does not proceed, in its an- 
 nual motion around the sun. L. solstitium ; comp. of sol, the sun, 
 
 and status, part, of sto, to stand. 
 SOLSTITIAL, adj. Relating or pertaining to the solstice. L. solsti- 
 
 Halis. See SOLSTICE. 
 SOL'UBLE. adj. Capable of being dissolved. L. solubilis ; from solvo, 
 
 to loosen, or melt. 
 SOLUTION, s. Act of dissolving ; matter dissolved ; explanation. F. 
 
 solution : L. solutio ; solutus, p. part, of soho, to loosen, untie, or 
 
 melt. 
 SOLVE, v. To explain ; to make intelligible. L. solvo, to loosen, or 
 
 untie. 
 SOL'VENT. adj. Having the power of dissolving ; having the means 
 
 of paying debts contracted, and thus dissolving an obligation. L. 
 
 solvens, part, of solvo, to loosen, discharge, or melt. 
 SOMNAM'BULATE. v. To walk while asleep. L. somnus, sleep, and 
 
 ambulo, to walk. 
 SOMNIF'EROUS. adj. Causing sleep. L. somnifer : comp. of somnus, 
 
 sleep, and fero, to bring. 
 SOMNIFIC, adj. Causing sleep. L. somnus, sleep, and facio, to 
 
 make. 
 SOMNOLENCY, s. Sleepiness ; inclination to sleep. L. somnolentia : 
 
 somnus, sleep. 
 SONATA, s. A tune. Italian ; from the L. sono, to sound. 
 SON'NET. s. A short poem, or species of song. F. sonnet : L. sono, 
 
 to sound. . 
 SOPHISM, s. A fallacious argument, ingeniously framed ; an un- 
 sound subtlety. G. sophisma, something invented : sophia, wisdom. 
 SOPHTST. s. A professor of philosophy ; a framer of sophisms, or 
 
 prating caviller. G. sophistes ; sophia, wisdom. 
 SOPHTSTER. s. A disputant, fallaciously subtle ; one who frames 
 
 sophisms; a particular rank in some universities. See SOPHIST. 
 SOPHISTICATED, part. adj. Fallacious ; spurious ; adulterated. See 
 
 SOPHIST, and SOPHISTER. 
 SOPHISTRY, s. Fallacious argumentation; logical exercise. See 
 
 SOPHIST. 
 SOPORIFTC. adj. Causing sleep. L. sopor, sleep, and facio, to make. 
 SOR'CERER. s. A pretended enchanter or magician. L. sortiarius ; 
 
 from sortis, gen. of sors, a lot, or chance. 
 SOR' DID. adj. Mean ; vile ; base ; covetous ; niggardly. L. sordidus ; 
 
 from sordes, filth. 
 
 237 
 
SOR-SPE 
 
 SORO'RICIDE. s. Murder of a sister. L. soror, a sister, and ctedo, 
 to kill. 
 
 SORT. s. A kind ; a species ; rank. F. sorte : L. sors, a lot, chance, 
 condition, kind. 
 
 SOURCE, s. Spring; head; origin. F. source : L. surgo, to arise. 
 
 SOVEREIGN, adj. Supreme in power ; chief; supremely efficacious. 
 F. souveraine : L. super, above, and regno, to reign. 
 
 SPACE, s. Room; quantity of time ; the relation of distance between 
 any two bodies or points. L. spatium, a space of ground or time ; 
 but, properly, a stage or distance in racing. 
 
 SPA'CIOUS. adj. Wide ; extensive ; roomy. L. spatiosus. See 
 SPACE. 
 
 SPARSE, adj. Scattered ; far apart. L. sparsus, p. part, of spargo, 
 to sprinkle. 
 
 SPASM, s. Convulsion ; violent and involuntary contraction. G. 
 spasma ; from spao, to draw, or pluck. 
 
 SPASMOD'IC. adj. Convulsive. See SPASM. 
 
 SPECIAL, adj. Particular; peculiar; appropriate; designed for a 
 particular purpose; extraordinary; uncommon. L. specialis. See 
 SPECIES. 
 
 SPECIES, s. A sort ; a subdivision of a general term ; single order 
 of beings. L. species, a form, figure, or sort; from specio, to see. 
 
 SPECIFIC, adj. Relating or pertaining to the qualities which make 
 or distinguish a species ; appropriated to the cure of some one spe- 
 cies of distemper. F. specifique : L. species, a sort, and facio, to 
 make. 
 
 SPECIFY, v. To mention a species or sort by some particular marks 
 of distinction ; to show or declare particularly, not generally. F. 
 specifier : L. species, a sort, and facio, to make, or delineate. 
 
 SPECIMEN, s. A sample; a part of any divisible species, exhibited, 
 that the rest may be known. L. See SPECIES. 
 
 SPECIOUS, adj. Showy ; plausible ; apparently, but not really right 
 or valuable. L. speciosus ; from specio, to see. 
 
 SPECTACLE, s. Any tiling perceived by the sight; a show; some- 
 thing exhibited to the view as eminently remarkable ; (in the plural,) 
 glasses to aid the sight. F. spectacle : L. spectaculum ; spectum, sup. 
 of specio, to see. 
 
 SPECTATOR, s. A looker-on ; a beholder. L. spectator. See SPEC- 
 TACLE. 
 
 SPECTRE, s. An apparition ; a phantasm. F. spectre : L. spectrum; 
 specio, to see. 
 
 SPECTRUM, s. An image ; a visible form. Ocular spectra are images 
 presented to the eye, after removing them from a bright object, or 
 closing them. L. from specio, to see. 
 
 SPECULAR, adj. Having the qualities of a mirror or looking-glass. 
 L. specularis ; specio, to see. 
 
 SPECULATE, v. To look forward with the mind ; to conjecture ; to 
 purciiase any thing under the impression of a future advance in its 
 value, — or to sell in expectation of a decline. L. speculor : from 
 specio, to see. 
 
 SPECULUM, s. A mirror; a looking-glass; that in which represen- 
 tations are formed by reflexion. L. speculum; specio, to see. 
 
 238 
 
SPE— SPL 
 
 SPERM, s. Seed ; that by which a species is continued. G. sperma ; 
 
 speiro, to sow. 
 SPERMATTC. adj. Seminal : consisting of seed ; belonging to or 
 
 containing sperm. See SPERM. 
 SPERMOL'OGIST. s. One who gathers and treats of seeds. G. sper- 
 
 mologos ; comp. of sperma, seed, and logos, a description. 
 SPHACELUS, s. A gangrene ; a mortification of the flesh. G. spha- 
 
 kelos ; from sphazo, to destroy. 
 SPHERE, s. A globe ; a solid body, contained under one, uniform, 
 
 round surface, every point of which is equally distant from a certain 
 
 point in the middle, called its centre ; orb ; circuit of motion ; indi- 
 vidual compass of knowledge or action ; particular employment. L. 
 
 sphaira : G. sphaira, a bowl, or any thing that is round. 
 SPHE'ROID. s. A solid body, oblong or oblate, approaching the form 
 
 of a sphere. G. sphaira, a sphere, and eidos, a shape. 
 SPHINCTER, s. A muscle, which binds up or draws together any 
 
 passage or duct of the body. G. sphingo, to shut up. 
 SPINE, s. The back-bone. L. spina, a thorn, a prickle, a pin, the 
 
 back-bone, [or that which pins the body together.] 
 SPINAS, s. In botany, thorns or rigid prickles. L. pi. of spina, a 
 
 thorn. 
 SPINIF'EROUS. adj. Bearing thorns. L. spina, a thorn, and fero, to 
 
 bear. 
 SPI'NOUS. adj. Thorny ; full of thorns. L. spinosus : spina, a 
 
 thorn. 
 SPIR'ACLE. s. A breathing hole ; a vent; a small aperture. L. spu 
 
 raculum : spiro, to breathe. 
 SPI'RAL. adj. Curve ; winding ; circularly formed, like a screw. See 
 
 SPIRE. 
 SPIRE, s. A curved line ; a curl ; a wreath ; a building of a taper 
 
 form on the outside or inside of which winding stairs are built ; any 
 
 building of a taper form, without winding stairs. L. spira ; from 
 
 the G. speira, a rope ; alluding to the winding convolutions of the 
 
 several plies of a rope. 
 SPIR'IT. s. Breath; principle of animal life; an immaterial sub- 
 stance; an intellectual being ; the human soul; a spectre ; temper; 
 
 ardour; courage; enterprise; desire; eharacteristical likeness; an 
 
 inflammable and intoxicating liquor, obtained by distillation. L. 
 
 spiritus : spiro, to breathe. 
 SPIRTTUAL. adj. Distinct from matter; incorporeal; relating to the 
 
 soul ; not temporal ; relating to eternity ; ecclesiastical. F. spirituel: 
 
 L. spiritualis. See SPIRIT. 
 SPIRITUOUS, adj. Having the quality of distilled spirit. F. spiri- 
 
 tueux. See SPIRIT. 
 SPLEEN, s. The milt ; one of the intestine members, the use of which 
 
 is scarcely known. It is fancied to be the seat of anger, melancholy, 
 
 and mirth ; hence, the application of the term, in relation to these 
 
 passions. L. and G. splen. 
 SPLEN'DID. adj. Showy; magnificent; sumptuous; pompous. F. 
 
 splendide : L. splendidiis : splendeo, to shine. 
 SPLENETIC, adj. Troubled with the spleen ; fretful ; peevish. F. 
 
 splenetique. See SPLEEN. 
 
 239 
 
SPO— STA 
 
 SPOIL, v. To carry away by force; to plunder; to injure; to grow 
 useless. L. spolio ; from the G. spao, to draw, or pluck off. 
 
 SPOLIATION, s. Act of spoiling or plundering. L. spoliatio. See 
 SPOIL. 
 
 SPON'SOR. s. One who makes a promise or gives security for an. 
 other. L. sponsor : sporisus, p. part, of spondeo, to promise willingly. 
 
 SPONTANEOUS, adj. Voluntary ; natural ; without cultivation. L. 
 spontaneus ; from spondeo, to promise willingly. 
 
 SPOUSE, s. One joined in marriage ; a husband or wife. F. epouse, 
 (formerly espouse :) L. sponsa : sponsus, p. part, of spondeo, to pro- 
 mise willingly. 
 
 SPRIGHT, or SPRITE, s. A spirit ; an apparition. This word is a 
 contraction of Spirit. 
 
 SPRTGfiT'LY. adj. Airy; with spirit; lively. See SPRIGHT. 
 
 SPUME, s. Foam, or froth. L. spuma : spuo, to spit: and, from the 
 same root, is derived the verb spew. 
 
 SQUAD, s. A company of armed men ; a party learning military ex- 
 ercise ; any small party. F. escouade. See SQUADRON. 
 
 SQUAD'RON. s. Originally, signified a body of troops drawn up 
 square. It now denotes part of an army, or part of a fleet, and 
 sometimes, a small fleet. F. escadron : Italian, squadrone : L. quad, 
 ratus, squared. 
 
 SQUALID, adj. Foul ; nasty ; filthy. L. squalidus : squaleo, to be 
 filthy. 
 
 SQUAMOUS, adj. Scaly ; covered with scales. L. squameus : squama, 
 the scale of a fish, &c. 
 
 SQUIRE, s. This word, a contraction of Esquire, is used, by the pea- 
 santry of England, to denote a country gentleman ; and signifies, in; 
 some parts of the United States of America, a justice of the peace. 
 
 STABILITY, s. Capability of standing; steadiness; firmness. F. 
 stabilite : L. stabilitas. See STABLE. 
 
 STA'BLE. adj. Capable of standing ; steady ; firm. L. stabilis : sto, 
 to stand. 
 
 STA'BLE. s. A house for beasts. L. stabulum : sto, to stand. 
 
 STAG'NANT. adj. Motionless ; not flowing. L. stagnans, part, of 
 slagno, to stand still : sto, to stand. 
 
 STAGNATE, v. To become motionless ; to have no course or stream. 
 L. stagnatus, p. part, of stagno, to stand still. 
 
 STALACTITE, s. Spar, in the shape of an icicle, formed by water 
 dropping from the fissures of a rock. G. stalazo, to drop. 
 
 STAM'INA. s. First principles ; solids of the human body ; (in botany,) 
 little threads or capillaments, which grow up within the flowers of 
 plants, and encompass the style. L. pi. of stamen, hemp, flax, &c, 
 placed on a distaff for spinning, — or a thread : G. istemi, to place, 
 or build. 
 
 STAMIN'EOUS. adj. In botany, consisting of stamina, or threads. 
 L. stamineus. See STAMINA. 
 
 STAN'NARY. s. The stannary courts, in Devonshire and Cornwall, 
 are for the administration of justice amongst persons working or 
 concerned in the tin mines. L. stannarius ; from stannium, tin. 
 
 STATE, s. Condition; circumstances of nature or fortune; degree; 
 
 240 
 
STA— STI 
 
 ceremonious order, or position ; rank ; grandeur ; nation or com- 
 monwealth. L. status : status, p. part, of sto, to stand. 
 STATE, v. To represent the state or condition, in all the circum- 
 stances of modification ; to explain. See tue noun. 
 STA'TED. part. adj. Established: ordained; regular. L. status, p. 
 
 part, of sto, to stand, or continue. 
 STAT'ICS. s. That branch of mechanics which treats of bodies at 
 
 rest ; opposed to dynamics, which treats of bodies in motion. In 
 
 medicine, a kind of epileptics, or persons seized with epilepsies. G. 
 
 statike: statos, part, of istemi, to stand, or sustain. 
 STA'TION. s. Appointed place of standing or assembling; session at 
 
 an appointed place; post; office; situation; rank; condition of life. 
 
 F. station : L. statio : status, p. part, of sto, to stand. 
 STA'TION ER. s. A vender of books, &c, who remains in one station 
 
 or fixed place, but does not sell as an itinerant, or pedler. See 
 
 STATION. 
 STAT'UE. s. A standing image. F. statue : L. statua : status, p. 
 
 part, of sto, to stand. 
 STAT U QUO. In its (his, her, or their,) former state. L. statu, in 
 
 the state, quo, in which ; status and qui. 
 STAT'URE. s. The height of any ammal, measured when standing. 
 
 F. stature : L. slalura : status, p. part, of sto, to stand. 
 STAT' US QUO. The "status quo ante bellum," the state in which 
 
 [the several belligerents were] before the war. L. 
 STAT'UTE. s. A law, intended to be permanent and general, not 
 
 made for a temporary or particular purpose. F. statut : L. slatutum : 
 
 status, p. part, of sto, to stand, or continue. 
 STEGANOG'RAPHY. s. The art of writing secretly, in ciphers. G. 
 
 steganos, secret, and grapho, to write. 
 STEGNO'SIS. s. An obstruction of the pores of the body ; the sup- 
 pression of any evacuation. G. stegno-o, to bind. 
 STEGNOTTC. adj. Binding; rendering costive. G. stegnotikos ; from 
 
 % stegvo-o, to bind. 
 STELLAR, adj. Astral ; relating to the stars. L. Stella, a star. 
 STEL/LATE. adj. Pointed in the manner of an irradiating star. L. 
 
 stellatus, part, of stellor : Stella, a star. 
 STENOG'RAPHY. s. Short-hand. G. stenos, short, and grapho, to 
 
 write. 
 STERCORA'CEOUS. adj. Relating to dung; partaking of the nature 
 
 of dung. L. stercoraceus : stercoris, gen. of stercus, dung. 
 STEREOGRAPHY, s. Art of drawing the forms of solid bodies on a 
 
 plane. G. stereos, solid, and grapho, to write. 
 STEREOMETRY, s. The art of measuring solid bodies. G. stereos, 
 
 solid, and nietreo, to measure. 
 STEREOTYPE, s. Stereotype printing is by types cast together, in 
 
 a solid plate ; not by types, each of which can be separated from the 
 
 others. G. stereos, solid, and tupos, a type. 
 STERILE, adj. Barren; unfruitful, h.steiilis; from the G. stereo, 
 
 to take away. 
 STETH ESCOPE. s. A tubular instrument, for distinguishing diseases 
 
 of the stomach by sounds. G. stethos, the breast, and skopeo, to view. 
 STIG'MA. s. A mark of infamy. G. stigma ; from stizo, to brand, 
 v 241 
 
STI— STR 
 
 STIGMATIZE, v. To brand, or distinguish by a mark of infamy. 
 
 See STIG'MA. 
 STILL, s. A vessel used in distilling. See DISTIL. 
 STIM'ULATE. v. To excite forward; to influence by some pungent 
 
 motive ; to increase the animal spirits. L. stimulo, to prick : G. 
 
 stigme, a point. 
 STIPEND, s. Salary ; settled pay. L. stipendium ; from stipis, a 
 
 piece of money, with which the Roman soldiers were anciently paid, 
 
 by weight, and pernio, to pay. 
 STIPENDIARY, s. One who receives a stipend. See STIPEND. 
 STIP TIC. adj. See STYPTIC. 
 STIP'ULATE. v. To bargain ; to contract ; to settle terms. L. stipiu 
 
 lor ; from stipo, to fill up close. 
 STOTC. s. One who holds the doctrines of the heathen philosopher, 
 
 Zeno. L. stoicus : G. stoikos ; from stoa, a porch, in which Zeno 
 
 taught. 
 STOMACH, s. The ventricle in which food is digested ; appetite. L. 
 
 stomachus : G. stoma, a mouth, and echo, to have. 
 STO'RY. s. History ; a small tale ; a petty fiction. See HISTORY. 
 STRAIGHT, adj. Not crooked ; turning neither to the right nor left ; 
 
 direct. See STRAIT. 
 STRAIN, v. To squeeze through something ; to filter ; to sprain ; to 
 
 put to its utmost strength. F. estreindre : L. stringo, to tighten, or 
 
 bind. 
 STRAIT, adj. Narrow ; close ; confined ; strict, s. A narrow pass ; 
 
 distress ; difficulty. F. etroit, formerly estroit. L. strictus, p. part. 
 
 of stringo, to tighten, or bind. 
 STRANGER, s. A foreigner ; one unknown ; a guest ; one unac- 
 quainted. F. etranger ; from the L. extraneus, foreign: extra, 
 
 without. 
 STRAN'GLE. v. To choke ; to suffocate ; to kill by intercepting the 
 
 breath ; to hinder from birth or appearance. L. strangulo : G. 
 
 strangulo-o, to writhe, or twist. 
 STRANGURY, s. A painful difficulty in passing urine. L. strangu- 
 ria : G. strangouria : comp. of Strang x, a drop, and ouron, urine. 
 STR AT' A. s. Layers. Plural of Stratum. L. 
 
 STRATAGEM, s. An artifice in war ; a trick, by which some ad- 
 vantage is endeavoured to be gained. L. stratagema : G. strategema : 
 
 from strategeo, to command an army : comp. of stratos, an army, 
 
 and ago, to lead. 
 STRAT'AGY. s. The art of conducting a war. See STRATAGEM. 
 STRATEOL'OGY. s. A discourse on the art of conducting a war ; 
 
 the art of conducting a war. G. stratos, an army, and logos, a word, 
 
 or discourse. 
 STRATIFY, v. To arrange in strata, or layers. F. stratifier : L. 
 
 stratum, a bed, or layer, and facio, to make. 
 STRATOG'RAPHY. s. Description of whatever relates to an army. 
 
 G. stratos, an army, and grapho, to write. 
 STRA'TUM. s. A layer. L. stratum : stratus, p. part, of sterno, to 
 
 spread. 
 STREET, s. A w r ay (properly a paved way,) between two rows of 
 
 houses; the houses which bound the way. Derived, through the 
 
 242 
 
STR— SUB 
 
 Saxon, from stratum ; which is from stratus, p. part, of sterno, to 
 spread. 
 
 STRENUOUS, adj. Active ; zealous ; ardently laborious. L. sirenuus, 
 brisk. 
 
 STRESS, s. Violence ; force ; importance imputed. L. strictus, p. 
 part, of stringo. See STRAIN. 
 
 STRI'tE. s. In natural history, the small grooves or channels in the 
 shells of cockles, scallops, &c. L. pi. of stria, a groove. 
 
 STRI'ATE, or STRI'ATED. adj. Formed in stria. L. striatus, p. 
 part, of strio, to groove. 
 
 STRICT, adj. Exact ; accurate ; rigorously attentive to rules ; severe ; 
 confined; tight. L. strictus, p. part, of stringo, to tighten, or bind. 
 
 STRICTURE, s. Contraction ; critical remark. L. strictura : strictus, 
 p. part, of stringo, to grasp, or hold fast. 
 
 STRUCTURE, s. Act of building ; practice of building ; that which 
 is built ; form ; arrangement of words. F. structure : L. structura : 
 structus, p. part, of struo, to pile up. 
 
 STU'DENT. s. One who is studying. L. studens, part, of studeo, to 
 study. 
 
 STUDY, s. Earnest application of the mind to books and learning ; 
 deep cogitation ; any particular kind of learning ; a room for studying 
 in. L. studium : studeo, to apply the mind to, or desire eagerly. 
 
 STUL'TIFY. v. To turn to a fool ; to stupefy. L. stultus, foolish, and 
 Jio, to become. 
 
 STUPEFACTION, s. Act of stupefying ; state of being stupefied. 
 F. stupefaction : L. stupefactus, p. part, of stupefacio. See STU- 
 PEFY. 
 
 STU'PEFY. v. To make stupid. L. stupefacio ; comp. of stupor, sense- 
 lessness, and facio, to make. 
 
 STU'PID. adj. Dull ; wanting sensibility ; wanting apprehension ; 
 sluggish. L. stupidus. See STUPOR. 
 
 STU'POR. s. Suspension or diminution of sensibility. L. stupor ; from 
 the G. stupho, to tie fast. 
 
 STYGTAN. adj. Relating or pertaining to the river Styx ; hellish ; 
 infernal. L„ stygius ; Stygis, gen. of Styx, the poetical infernal 
 lake. G. Stux ; from Stugeo, to tremble. 
 
 STYLE, s. A pointed iron, used anciently in writing on tables of wax; 
 manner of writing, with regard to the language ; manner of execut- 
 ing, effecting, or acting, in general ; title ; appellation ; the pin of a 
 dial, &c. L. stylus : G. stulos, a column. 
 
 STYPTIC, or STYPTTCAL. adj. Astringent ; efficacious in stopping 
 a flow of blood. L. stypticus : G. stuptikos ; stupho, to tie fast, or 
 bind. 
 
 SUA'SIVE. adj. Persuasive. L. suadeo, to persuade. 
 
 SUAV ITER IN MO' DO. Gently in the manner; an expression 
 opposed to fortiter in re : which see. L. 
 
 SUAVITY, s. Agreeableness ; amiability. F. suavite : L. suavitas ; 
 suavis, sweet. 
 
 SUB. A Latin preposition, signifying under, or in a subordinate de- 
 gree. 
 
 SUBAL'TERN. adj. Subordinate ; of rank below that of a captain. F. 
 subalterne : L. sub, under, and alter, another. 
 
 243 
 
SUB-SUB 
 
 SUBAQ'UEOUS. adj. Existing under water. L. sub, under, and aqua ; 
 water. 
 
 SUBDIVI'DE. v. To divide that which has been already divided. L. 
 sub, under, (meaning-, in a subordinate degree,) and divide. 
 
 SUBDIVISION, s. Act of subdividing ; thing subdivided. L. sub, 
 under, (meaning, in a subordinate degree,) and division. 
 
 SUBDU'CE, or SUBDUCT, v. To withdraw; to take away; to sub. 
 tract. L. subduco, (sup. subductum ;) sub, under, and duco, to lead. 
 
 SUBDUC'TION. s. Act of subducing, or subducting. L. subduciio. 
 See SUBDUCE. 
 
 SUBDU'E. v. To bring under the yoke ; to subjugate ; to conquer. L. 
 subjugo. 
 
 SUBDu'PLE. or SUBDU PLICATE, adj. Containing one part of 
 two. F. subduple ; from the L. sub, under, and duplex, double, or 
 duplicatus, doubled. 
 
 SU'BERATES. s. Salts formed by the combination of any base, with 
 the suberic acid! See SUBERIC. 
 
 SUBER'IC. adj. Suberic acid is obtained from cork. L. suber, the 
 cork tree, or cork. 
 
 SUBJACENT, adj. Lying under. L. subjacens, part, of subjaceo ; sub, 
 under, and jaceo, to lie. 
 
 SUBJECT', v. To reduce to submission ; to make subordinate; to en- 
 sl ve ; to expose ; to make liable. See SUB'JECT. 
 
 SUB'JECT. s. One who lives under the dominion of another; that on 
 which any operation, either mental or material, is performed; that 
 in which any thing inheres or exists ; (in grammar,) the nominative 
 case to a verb. L. subject us, p. part, of subjicio ; sub, under, and 
 jacen, to he. 
 
 SUBJOIN'. ». To add at the end. L. sub, under, and join. 
 
 SUB JUGATE, v. To bring into a state of permanent submission ; to 
 subdue. L. subjugo ; svb, under, and jugum, a yoke. An enemy, 
 when beaUn by the Romans, were actually compelled to march un- 
 der the jugum, or yoke, formed of three spears, erected in the man- 
 ner of a ga Hows. 
 
 SUBJUNCTIVE, adj. Subjoined; dependent; contingent. L. sub. 
 junctivus ; from subji/nsro ; sub, under, and jungo, to join. 
 
 SUB'LIMATE, or SUBLIME, u. To raise by the force of fire ; to ele- 
 vate. See the adj. SUBLIME. 
 
 SUBLI'ME adj. High in place ; high in excellence ; indescribably 
 grand. L. sublimis, lofty* 
 
 SUBLING'UAL. adj. Placed under the tongue. L. sub, under, and 
 lingua, the tongue. 
 
 SUBLUNAR Y. adj. Terrestrial ; of this world. L. sub, under, and 
 luna, the moon. 
 
 SUBMARI'NE. adj. Lying or acting under the sea. L. sub, under, 
 and mare, the sea. 
 
 SUBMERGE', v. To put under water. L. submergo ; comp, of sub, 
 und r, tnd mergo, to sink. 
 
 SUB W KR'SION. s. Act of submerging ; state of being submerged. F. 
 submersion : L. suhmvrsus, p. part, ol submergo. See SUBMKR(*E. 
 
 SUBMISSION, s. Act of submitting. L. submissio ; submissus, p. 
 part, of submitto. See SUBMIT. 
 
 244 
 
SUB— SUB 
 
 SUBMIT', v. To resign ; to leave to discretion ; to refer to judgment ; 
 
 to be subject; to acquiesce in the authority of another ; to yield. L. 
 
 submitto ; comp. of sub, under, and mitto, to send, or throw; 
 SUB MO DO. In a qualified manner. L. 
 SUBORDINATE, adj. Inferior in order, in nature, in dignity, or in 
 
 power. L. sub, under, and ordinatus, p. part, of ordino, to put in 
 
 order : ordo, an order, or rule. 
 SUBORN', v. To procure the aid or favour of, by secret and dishonest 
 
 means ; to seduce from duty. L. suborno ; sub, under, (meaning 
 
 secretly,) and orno, to deck, or furnish. 
 SUBPQE'NA. s. A writ commanding attendance, under a penalty. L. 
 
 sub, under, poena, punishment. 
 SUBSCRI'BE. v. To write under ; to give consent to, or promise by 
 
 underwriting the name ; to assent. L. subscribo ; sub, under, and 
 
 scribo, to write, 
 SUBSCRIPTION, s. Act of subscribing ; amount, &c. subscribed ; 
 
 written contribution. L. subscriptio ; subscriptus, p. part, of sub. 
 
 scribo. See SUBSCRIBE. 
 SUBSECTION, s. A subdivision of a larger section. L. sub, under, 
 
 and section. 
 SUBSEQUENT, adj. Following. L. subsequens, part, of subsequor ; 
 
 comp. of sub, under, or next after, and sequor, to follow. 
 SUBSERVE', v. To serve in subordination ; to serve instrumental^. 
 
 L. subservio ; sub, under, and servio, to serve. 
 SUBSI'DE. v. To sink ; to fall to the bottom ; to cease. L. subsido ; 
 
 sub, under, and sido, to perch, or settle ; or subsideo ; comp. of sub, 
 
 under, and sedeo, to sit. 
 SUBSIDIARY, adj. Assistant ; aiding. L. subsidiarius. See SUB- 
 
 SIDY. 
 SUB'SIDY. s. Aid, in a general, national, or military way. L. subsi. 
 
 dium ; sub, under, and sedeo, to sit. 
 SUB SILEN'TIO. In silence; without any notification. L. sub, 
 
 under, silentio, abl. of silentium, silence. 
 SUBSIST', v. To be ; to have existence ; to retain the present state 
 
 or condition ; to continue. L. subsisto ; from sub, under, and sisto, 
 
 to stand still, or stay. 
 SUB'STANCE. s. Something existing ; something tangible ; the essen- 
 tial part; means of life. L. substantia ; substans, part, of substo, to 
 
 stand still : sub, under, and sto, to stand. 
 SUBSTAN'TIAL. adj. Having substance ; real ; actually existing ; 
 
 material; solid; firm; strong; durable ', moderately wealthy. See 
 
 SUBSTANCE. 
 SUBSTANTIATE, v. To prove real ; to prove, as in giving evidence. 
 
 See SUBSTANCE. 
 SUB'STANTIVE. s. A noun ; the name of a person, or of a thing, 
 
 real or imaginary. L. subsiantivum. See SUBSTANCE. 
 SUBSTITUTE, s. One person acting in the place of another ; any 
 
 thing used instead of some other thing. L. subslitutus, p. part, of 
 
 subsiitio ; sub, under, and statuo, to set, or place. 
 SUBS IRUC'TURE. s. Foundation; that part of any building which 
 
 is under the surface of the ground, (opposed to superstructure.) L. 
 
 sub, under, and structure. 
 
 v * 245 
 
SUB— SUD 
 
 SUBTAN'GENT. s. In any curve, is the line which determines the 
 
 intersection of the tangent in the axis prolonged. L. sub, under, and 
 
 tangeus, part. o\ tango, to touch. 
 SUBTEND', v. To bo exiendtd under. L. sub, under, and tendo, to 
 
 stretch. 
 SUB i ENSE'. s. That which is extended under ; the chord of an arch. 
 
 L. sub, under, and tensus, p. part, of tendo, to stretch. 
 SUBTERFLU'ENT, or SUBTER'FLUOUS. adj. Flowing unrler. L. 
 
 subterfluens, part, of subterjluo ; subter, under, and^uo, to flow. 
 SUBTERFUGE, s. A shift ; an evasion ; a trick. F. subterfuge : L. 
 
 subter, under, and fugio, to run away. 
 SUBTERRA'NEOUS, or SUBTERRA'NEAN. adj. Lying under 
 
 (within,) the earth; placed under the earth. L. subterraneus ; from 
 
 sub, under, and terra, the earth. 
 SUBTILE, or SUBTLE, adj. Thin; not dense; vaporous; nice; 
 
 fine; piercing; acute: — also, cunning ; artful; refined or acute be- 
 yond necessity. In these senses, it is generally written subtle. L. 
 
 subtilis, finely spun ; sub, under, (meaning in a low degree,) and 
 
 tela, a web. 
 SUBTRACT', v. To withdraw a part from the rest; to diminish ; to 
 
 deduct, by arithmetic, a less sum from a greater, and place the re- 
 mainder underneath. L. subtractum, sup. of subtraho ; sub, under, 
 
 and traho, to draw. 
 SUB'URB. s. Building without the walls of a city ; precinct. L. sub. 
 
 urbium : sub, under, and urbs, a city. 
 SUBVERSION, s. Act of subverting; state of being subverted. F. 
 
 subversion : L. subversus, p. part, of subverto. See SUBVERT. 
 SUBVERT', v. To overthrow ; to overturn ; to lurn upside down ; to 
 
 corrupt; to confound. L. subverto ; from sub, under, and verto, to 
 
 turn. 
 SUCCEDA'NEUM. s. A substitute. L. from succedo, to follow. 
 SUCCEED', v. To follow in order; to come into the place of one who 
 
 has quitted or died ; to obtain one's desire ; to terminate prosperously, 
 
 &c. L. succedo; sub, under, or next after, and cedo. to depart. 
 SUCCESS', s. The termination of any affair, fortunate or unfortunate, 
 
 — but often used in a happy sense, without any qualilying term. L. 
 
 successus ; from a part, ot succedo. See SUCCEED. 
 SUCCESSION, s. Act of succeeding ; regular order ; series. L. sue- 
 
 ci'ssio ; successus, p. part, of succedo. See SUCCEED. 
 SUCCINCT, adj. Concise; brief. L. succinctus, p. part, of succingo ; 
 
 comp. of sub, under, ;>nd cingo, to gird. 
 SUCCOUR, v. To aid ; to relieve. L. succurro ; sub, under, and curro, 
 
 to run. 
 SUCCULENT, adj. Juicy; moist. L. succulentus ; succus, juice. 
 SrCCUMB'. v. To yield ; to sink under any difficulty. This word is 
 
 inelegant. L. succumbo ; sub, under, and cumbo, to lie. 
 SUDA'TION. s. Sweat; a sweating. ~L.suda.tio; sudo, to sweat. 
 SU'DATORY. s. A sweating chamber. L. sudatorius ; from sudo, to 
 
 sweat. 
 SUDORIFTC. adj. Promoting sweat. F. sudorifique: L. sudor, sweat, 
 
 and facio, to make. 
 
 246 
 
SUF— SUF 
 
 SUFFER, v. To bear ; to undergo ; to feel, with sense of pain ; to 
 
 allow; to be injured. L. svffero ; sub, under, and fero, to bear. 
 SUFFICE, v. To be sufficient; to satisfy. L. sujficio ; sub, under, or 
 
 near to, and facio, to make. 
 SUFFI'CIENT. adj. Equal to the proposed end ; enough ; competent; 
 
 L. sufficiens, part, of sufficio. See SUFFICE. 
 SUF FOCATE. v. To choke, or prevent respiration, by the exclusion 
 
 or interception of air. L. suffoco ; from sub, under, and focus, a fire- 
 hearth, or a fire. 
 SUFFRAGAN, adj. A suffragan bishop is subject to his metropolitan 
 
 or superior bishop. L. suffraganeus. See SUFFRAGE. 
 SUFFRAGE, s. Vote ; voice given upon a controverted point. F 
 
 suffrage : L. suffragium ; from suffero. See SUFFER. 
 SUFFUS'ED. part. adj. Spread. L. suffusus, p. part, of suffundo ; sub, 
 
 under, and /undo, to pour out. 
 SUGGEST', v. To hint privately; to intimate; to propose. L. sug- 
 
 gestinn, sup. of suggero ; comp. of sub, under, and gero, to carry. 
 SUICIDE, s. Self-murder. L. suicidium ; sui, of himself or herself, 
 
 and cades, slaughter : c&do, to kill. 
 SUI GENERIS. Of its own kind ; not to be classed under any or- 
 
 dinary description. L. gen. of suus, and genus. 
 SUIT. s. A set ; a number of things corresponding one to another ; a 
 
 petition or address of entreaty ; courtship; action at law. F. suite: 
 
 suivre, to follow. L. secutus, part, of sequor, to follow. 
 SUIT'ABLE. adj. Fitting ; according with ; agreeable. See SUIT, 
 
 and ABLE. 
 SUITE, s. Series; retinue; (pronounced sweet.) See SUIT. 
 SUM. s. The whole ; many particulars conjoined, so as to form a total ; 
 
 the result of reasoning or computation; quantity of money ; comple- 
 tion ; height. L. summa : summus, highest. 
 SUMMARY, adj. Containing the chief heads ; short ; brief; last ; 
 
 immediate ; compendious. L. summarium, an abridgment. See SUM. 
 SUM'MON. v. To call with authority ; to admonish to appear ; to cite ; 
 
 to excite ; to raise. L. summoneo : sub, under [subject to a penalty,] 
 
 and moneo, to put in mind, or warn. 
 SUM' MUM BO NUM. The chief good. L. 
 SUMP'TER. s. An animal which carries provisions on a journey. L. 
 
 sumplus, p. part, of sumo, to take. 
 SUMP'TUARY. adj. Relating to expense; regulating expenditures; 
 
 promoting economy. L. sumptuarius : sumptus, expense ; from 
 
 sutno, to take, or procure. 
 SUMP'TUOUS. adj. Costly ; expensive ; splendid. L. sumptuosus ; 
 
 sumptus, expense, from sumo, to take, or procure. 
 SU'PER. In composition, denotes above, over, more than another, 
 
 more than enough. L. 
 SU'PERABLE. adj. Conquerable ; that may be overcome. L. super- 
 
 alrilis : super, above. 
 SUPER ABUN' DANCE, s. Overabundance; more than enough. L. 
 
 super, above, and abundance. 
 SUPERADD', v. To add over and above ; to add to what has been 
 
 added. L. superaddo : super, above, and addo, to add. 
 
 247 
 
SUP—SUP 
 
 SUPERANNUATED, part adj. Impaired or disqualified by age. L. 
 super, above, or beyond, and annus, a year. 
 
 SUPERB', adj. Grand ; pompous; splendid. L. superhus ; from super, 
 above. 
 
 SUPERCAR'GO. s, A person sent in a ship, to superintend the dis- 
 posal or purchase of the merchandise. L. super, over, and cargo. 
 
 SUPERCILIOUS, adj. Haughty ; dogmatical ; dictatorial ; arbitrary ; 
 overbearing. L. superciliosus, of a sour countenance ; from super- 
 cilium, the brow. 
 
 SUPEREROGATION, s. Performance of more than duty requires. 
 L. super, beyond, or above, and erogatio, a bestowing ; from erogo ; 
 com p. of e, from, and rogo, to ask. 
 
 SURERFI'CIAL. adj. Lying on the surface ; not reaching below the 
 surface ; shallow ; not profound ; insufficient ; smattering ; not 
 learned. F. superficiel. See SUPERFICIES. 
 
 SUPERFI'CIES. s. Outside ; surface. L. comp. of super, above, and 
 fades, a face. 
 
 SUPERFI'NE. adj. Eminently fine. L. super, above, and fine. 
 
 SUPER'FLUOUS. adj. Exuberant ; more than enough ; unnecessary. 
 L. superjluus, flowing over : super, over, and^uo, to flow. 
 
 SUPERGLA'CIAL. adj. Resting on ice. L. super, above, and glacies, 
 ice. 
 
 SUPERINCUM'BENT. adj. Lying on the top. L. super, above, and 
 incumbent. 
 
 SUPERINDU'CE. v. To bring in as an addition ; to bring in some- 
 thing extrinsic. L. super, over, and induce. 
 
 SUPERINTEND', v. To oversee ; to conduct. L. super, over, and 
 intend. 
 
 SUPE'RIOR. adj. Higher; greater in dignity or excellence; upper; 
 (with to,) not to be conquered or overcome by. L. com par. of super, 
 or supra, above. 
 
 SUPERLATIVE, adj. Implying or expressing the highest degree; 
 superior; paramount. L. superlativus : superlatus, p. part, of super- 
 fern : super, beyond, or above, and fero, to carry. 
 
 SUPERNATANT, adj. Swimming above ; floating. L. supernatans, 
 part, of supernato ; comp. of super, above, and nato, to swim. 
 
 SUPERNATURAL, adj. Above the powers of nature ; unusual. L. 
 super, above, and natural. 
 
 SUPERSE'DE. v. To make void or inefficacious by superior power; 
 to set aside ; to displace. L. supersedeo : super, over, and sedeo, to 
 sit. 
 
 SUPERSTITION, s. Unnecessary fear or scruples in religion ; ob- 
 servance of unnecessary and uncommanded rites or practices; false 
 religion or worship ; too scrupulous exactness. L. superstitio : super, 
 beyond, or above, and sto, to stand. 
 
 SUPERSTRUCTURE, s. That which is built or raised upon some- 
 thing else ; that which is raised above the surface of the ground : 
 (opposed to substructure.) L. super, above, and structure. 
 
 SUPERVENE, v. To come as an extraneous addition. L. supervenio ; 
 super, above, or besides, and venio, to come. 
 
 SUPERVENTION, s. Act of supervening. L. superventus, p. part. 
 of supervenio. See SUPERVENE. 
 
 248 
 
SUP— SUR 
 
 SUPERVTSE. v. To oversee ; to examine the general conduct or ac- 
 counts of others. L. super, over, and visum, sup. of video, to see. 
 
 SUPPLANT', v. To displace by stratagem ; to overcome. L. sup- 
 planto ; from sub, under, and planla, the foot. 
 
 SUPPLE, adj. Pliant; flexible; flattering; fawning. L. supplex : 
 sub, under, and plico, to fold. 
 
 SUP'PLE.VIENT. s. Addition to any thing, by which its defects are 
 supplied. L. supplementum : suppleo, to fill up. 
 
 SUP'PLIANT. adj. Humbly entreating; praying; submissive. F. 
 suppliant: L. supplicans, part, of supplier). See SUPPLICATE. 
 
 SUP PLICATE, v. To entreat ; to implore ; to petition submissively 
 and humbly. L. supplico, to beg on one's knees: sub, under, and 
 plico, to fold [the hands.] 
 
 SUPPLY', v. To fill up, as any deficiencies happen ; to give some- 
 thing wanted ; to serve instead of; to bring ; to furnish. L. suppleo : 
 sub, under, or near to, and pleo, to fill. 
 
 SUPPORT', v. To sustain ; to prop ; to bear up ; to endure ; to aid ; 
 to defend ; to supply with the necessaries of liie. L. supporto : sub, 
 under, and porto, to carry, or bear. 
 
 SUPPO SE. v. To advance, by way of argument or illustration, with- 
 out maintaining the truth of the position; to admit without proof; 
 to conjecture ; to imagine. F. supposer : L. suppositus, p. part, of 
 suppono : sub, under, and pono, to place. 
 
 SUPPOSI'TION. s. Act of supposing ; thing supposed. F. supposi- 
 tion. See SUPPOSE. 
 
 SUPPRESS', v. To crush ; to overpower ; to subdue ; to conceal ; to 
 withhold. L. suppressum, sup. of supprimo : sub, under, and premo, 
 to press. 
 
 SUP'P URATE, v. To generate pus or matter ; to be in a state of dis- 
 charging matter. L. suppuro : sub, under, and pus, (puris,) cor- 
 rupted matter. 
 
 SUPREM'ACY. s. Highest place ; highest authority ; state of being 
 supreme. See SUPREME. 
 
 SUPRE'ME. adj. Highest in authority or dignity; chief. L. su- 
 premus, superlative of super, or supra, above. 
 
 SURCHARGE', s. Additional charge; additional quantity. F. sur, 
 (L. super,) over, and charge. 
 
 SUR'CINGLE. s. Exterior girth ; that which binds down a saddle, by 
 passing over it and the ordinary girths; the girdle of a cassock. F. 
 sur, (L. super,) over, and L. cingula, a girth : cingo, to gird. 
 
 SURE. adj. Certain; infallible; confident; safe ; firm. F. sur: L. 
 securus : se, denoting separation or absence, and cura, care. 
 
 SUR'FACE. s. Superficies ; outside. F. sur, (L. super,) above, and 
 face. 
 
 SURFEIT, s. Sickness or satiety, caused by over-fulness or repeti- 
 tion. F. from sur, over, and fait, past part, of faire, to do: L. super, 
 and facio. 
 
 SURGE, s. A rough, swelling sea; a billow; a foaming wave. L. 
 surgo, to arise. 
 
 SUR GEON. s. One who cures by manual operation. F. chirurgeon, 
 or chirurgien : G. cheir, the hand, and ergon, work. 
 
 SURMI'SE. v. To suspect ; to imagine imperfectly ; to conjecture. 
 
 241) 
 
SUR— SUS 
 
 F. surmise: svr, over, upon, or towards, (L. super,) and L. mitto, to 
 send, or put forth. 
 
 SURMOUNT', v. To rise above ; to conquer ; to overcome. F. sur- 
 monter ; comp. of sur, above, and monter, to get up, or rise : L. su- 
 per, above, and mons, a mountain. 
 
 SURNAME, s. Additional name ; family name ; the name which a 
 person has besides his Christian name. F. sur, (L. super,) over, and 
 name. 
 
 SUR'PLICE. s. The outer, or white gown, worn by some ministers 
 of religion, during a part of the church-service. F. surplis : sur, 
 over, and plisser, to fold : L. super, and plico. 
 
 SUR'PLUS. s. Supernumerary or extra part; superabundant remain- 
 der. F. sur, over, and plus, more : L. super, and plus. 
 
 SURPRISE, v. To take unawares ; to attack unexpectedly ; to asto- 
 nish by something wonderful ; to confuse or perplex by something 
 sudden. F. surpris, p. part, of surprendre : L. super, over, and 
 prendo, to take, or lay hold on. 
 
 SURRENDER, v. To yield ; to deliver to another ; to resign. F. sur- 
 rendre : L. sub, under, and F. rendre, to return. 
 
 SURREPTITIOUS, adj. Done by stealth ; obtained or produced fraud- 
 ulently. L. surreptitius : surrepo : sub, under, and repo, to creep. 
 
 SUR'ROGATE. s. A deputy; the deputy of an ecclesiastical judge. 
 L. surrogatus, p. part, of surrogo : sub, under, and rogo, to demand, 
 or inquire. 
 
 SUR TOUT', s. A large coat worn over all the rest. F. comp. of sur, 
 over, and lout, all. 
 
 SUR'VEILLANCE. s. Overseeing ; overlooking ; having an eye upon. 
 F. surveiller, to oversee. 
 
 SURVEY', v. To look over; to view as from a higher place; to ex- 
 amine; to measure the contents, and ascertain the relative position 
 of lands, &c. Old F. surveoir : sur, (L. super,) over, and voir, to 
 see. 
 
 SURVI'VE. v. To outlive, or live after the death of another ; to live 
 after any thing. F. survivre : L. super, beyond, and vivo, to live. 
 
 SUSCEP'TIBLE. adj. Capable of receiving or admitting ; subject to 
 receive or admit. F. susceptible : L. susceptus, p. part, of suscipio ; 
 comp. of sub, under, and capio, to take. 
 
 SUS'CITATE. v. To rouse ; to excite. L. suscito, to awake ; from 
 sub, under, and cito, to call. 
 
 SUSPECT', v. To imagine, with a degree of fear and jealousy, what 
 is not known ; to suppose guilty, without proof; to conjecture ; to 
 doubt. L. suspectum, sup. of suspicio : sub, under, and specio, to 
 behold. 
 
 SUSPEND', v. To hang; to make to stop for a while; to delay; to 
 debar for a time from the execution of an office, or the enjoyment of 
 a revenue. L. suspendo : sub, under, and pendeo, to hang up. 
 
 SUSPENSE', s. Uncertainty; doubt; delay. F. suspens : L. suspen- 
 sus, p. p.irt. of suspendo. See SUSPEND. 
 
 SUSPENSION, s. Act of suspending; state of being: suspended. L. 
 suspensio : suspensus, p. part, of suspendo. See SUSPEND. 
 
 SUSPICION, s. Act of suspecting; state of being suspected. L. sus- 
 picio. See SUSPECT. 
 
 250 
 
SUS-SYN 
 
 SUSTAIN', v. To bear; to prop; to support; to endure; to suffer 
 without yielding. L. sustineo : sub, under, and teneo, to hold. 
 
 SUSTENANCE, s. Support; maintenance; food. F. soustenance : 
 L. sustinens, part, of sustin-eo. See SUSTAIN. 
 
 SYCOPHANT, s. A deceitful parasite ; a designing flatterer ; a mean, 
 insinuating fellow. L. sychophanta : G. suko pliant es : suke, a fig, 
 and phao, to tell. " By a law of Solon," says Plutarch, " no produc- 
 tion of the Attican binds, except oil, was allowed to be sold to stran- 
 gers, — and, therefore, it is not improbable, what some affirm, that 
 the exportation of jigs was formerly forbidden, and. that the informer 
 against the delinquents was called a sycophant." 
 
 SYL'LABLE. s. A sound, pronounced by a single impulse of the 
 voice, and constituting a word, or part of a word. L. syllaba: G. 
 sullabe : sullambano, to contain : suji, with, and lambano, to take. 
 
 SYL'LABUS. s. An abstract; a compendium, containing the heads 
 of a discourse. G. sullabos : sullambano, to contain : sun, with, and 
 lambano, to take. 
 
 SYL'LOGISM. s. An argument composed of three propositions: as, 
 Everyman thinks; Henry is a man; therefore, Henry thinks. L. 
 syllogismus : G. sullogis7nos : sun, with, and logos, reason. 
 
 SYL' VAN, or SILVAN, adj. Woody ; shady ; relating or pertaining 
 to woods. L. sylva, or silva, a wood. 
 
 SYM'BOL. s. A comprehensive form ; a type ; a figurative represen- 
 tation ; a sign. L. symbolum : G. sumbolon ; from sumballo, to bring 
 together : sun, with, and ballo, to throw. 
 
 SYMMETRY, s. Harmony of parts; proportion. L. symmetria : G. 
 sun, with, and metron, measure. 
 
 SYMPATHETTC. adj. Having mutual sensation ; feeling in conse- 
 quence of what another feels ; producing an effect by having some 
 relative quality. F. sympathetique. See SYMPATHY. 
 
 SYM'PATHY. s. Mutual sensibility; fellow feeling ; the quality of 
 being affected by the affection of another. F. sympathie : G. sumpa- 
 theia ; sun, with, and pathos, passion : pascho, to suffer. 
 
 SYM'PHONY. s. Harmony of sound ; that part of a tune, composed 
 in the same style, which is sung or played before or after the main 
 part, or in the intervals. L. symphonia : G. sun, with, and phone, a 
 sound. 
 
 SYM'PHYSIS. s. Act of growing together ; union of two bones ; a 
 mode of membral articulation, in which there is no motion. G. sun, 
 with, and phuo, to grow. 
 
 SYMPTOM, s. That which happens with something else ; a sign. F. 
 symptone : G. sumptoma ; comp. of sun, with, and pipto, to fall. 
 
 SYNAGOGUE, s. A religious assembly of Jews; a Jewish place of 
 worship. F. synogogue : G. sunagoge ; sun, with, and ago, to lead, 
 or bring. 
 
 SYNALE'PHA. s. A contraction or excision of a syllable, in scanning 
 Latin verse: as, ilVet, for ille et. G. sunaloiphe ; sun, with, and 
 aleipho, to mix. 
 
 SYNARTHROSIS, s. A close conjunction of two bones. G. sun, 
 with, and arthro-o, to form. 
 
 SYNCHONDROSIS, s. A union, by gristles, of the sternon to the 
 ribs. G. sun, with, and chondros, a cartilage. 
 
 251 
 
SYN— TAB 
 
 SYNCHRONIC, or SYNCHRON'ICAL. adj. Happening at the same 
 
 time. G. sun, with, and chronos, time. 
 SYN'COPE. s. Fainting fit ; contraction of a word, by cutting off a 
 
 part in the middle. F. syncopie : G. sunkope ; sun, with, and kopto, 
 
 to cut. 
 SYN'DIC. s. The chief magistrate of a corporation, or of a commu- 
 nity. G. sundikos ; sun, with, and dike, justice. 
 SYNECDOCHE, s. A figure,' by which a part is substituted for the 
 
 whole, or the whole for a part. G. sunekdoke ; comp. of sun, with, 
 
 ek, out of, and dechomai, to take. 
 SYN'OD. s. An assembly, particularly of ecclesiastics. L. synodus : 
 
 G. sunodos ; sun, with, and odos, a way. 
 SYNON'YMOUS. adj. Expressing the same thing ; of the same mean- 
 ing. G. sunonumos ; sun, with, and onuma, or onoma, a name. 
 SYNOP'SIS. s. A general view ; all the parts brought under one view. 
 
 G. sunopsis ; sun, with, and ops, a view. 
 SYNTHESIS, s. The act of joining; the act of forming a compound 
 
 body by the union of elements : opposed to analysis. G. sunthesis : 
 
 sun, with, and tithemi, to put. 
 SYNTHETIC, adj. Conjoining ; compounding : opposed to analytic. 
 
 G. sunlhetikos. See SYNTHESIS. 
 SYRINGE, s. An instrument for squirting liquids. G. suringx, {fis- 
 tula,) a pipe. 
 SYRINGOT'OMY. s. The act or practice of cutting fistulas or hollow 
 
 sores. G. suringx, (fistula,) a pipe, and temno, to cut. 
 SYR'TIS. s. A quick-sand, or shelf of sand, caused by the motion of 
 
 a whirlpool ; a bog. L. syrtis : G. surtis, a whirlpool : from suro, 
 
 to draw. 
 SYS'TEM. s. Combination of many things acting together ; a scheme 
 
 which reduces many things to regular dependence or co-operation ; 
 
 organization; scheme; mode. F. systeme : G. sustema ; sun, with, 
 
 and istemi, to stand. 
 SYS'TOLE. s. In anatomy, the contraction of the heart ; in grammar, 
 
 the shortening of a long syllable. F. systole : G. sustole ; sun, with, 
 
 and stello, to draw together. 
 SYS'TYLE. s. A building, in which the pillars stand near together. 
 
 G. sun, with, and stulos, a pillar. 
 
 T. 
 
 TAB'ERNACLE. s. A temporary habitation ; a sacred place ; a place 
 
 of worship. L. tabernaculum, a little house made of boards ; from 
 
 tabula, a board. 
 TAB'ID. adj. Wasted by disease ; consumptive. L. tabidus ; tabeo, 
 
 to consume. 
 TA'BLE. s. Any flat or level surface ; a flat board, stone, &c. used 
 
 for meals and other purposes ; a tablet ; a surface on which any 
 
 thing is written or engraved ; an index ; a catalogue ; a synopsis, 
 
 &,c. F. table : L. tabula, a board, or table. 
 TA'BLE D'HO' TE. A public table ; table of an inn. F. table, a 
 
 table, de, of, hote, an innkeeper. 
 
 252 
 
TAB— TAU 
 
 TAB'ULAR. adj. Delineated or described in the form of tables, or a 
 synopsis. L. labularis. See TABLE. 
 
 TAB'ULATED. adj. Tabular; having flat surfaces. See TABLE. 
 
 TACTT. adj. Silent ; implied ; not expressed by words. L. tacitus : 
 from taceo, to be silent. 
 
 TACITURNITY, s. Habitual silence. L. taciturnitas. See TACIT. 
 
 TACT. s. Technical character ; something which marks a particular 
 trnde or profession. L. tactus, p. part, of tango, to touch. 
 
 TACTICS, s. The science or art of arranging armies and fleets for 
 battle. G. taktike : tasso, to put in order. 
 
 TJE'DIUM VI'TM. Weariness of life. L, 
 
 TAIL. s. In law, the term fee-tail signifies any truncated or mutilated 
 inheritance, cut out of the fee-simple. F. tailler, to cut. 
 
 TAI'LOR. s. One whose business is to make clothes. F. tailleur : 
 tailler, to cut. 
 
 TAINT, v. To stain or sully [the reputation ;] to infect ; to corrupt ; 
 to putrefy. F.teindre, to dye. 
 
 TAL'ENT. s. A talent anciently signified a certain weight, or a sum 
 of money ; the value differing, in different ages and countries. By a 
 metaphor, taken from the talents mentioned in the New Testament, 
 Matt. xxv. 15, the term is now used to express faculty, power, or gift 
 of nature. L. talentum. 
 
 TAL'LY. s. A stick, notched in conformity with another stick, with 
 the units of an account ; a single notch or mark of any sort, to re- 
 present one. F. taille : from tailler, to cut. 
 
 TAL'LY. v. To fit ; to be suitable ; to conform ; to mark one. From 
 the substantive. 
 
 TAN'GENT. s. A right line, perpendicularly raised on the extremity 
 of a radius, and touching a circle, so as not to cut it. F. tangent : 
 L. tangens, part, of tango, to touch. 
 
 TAN'GIBLE. adj. Perceptible by the touch ; possible to be realized, 
 so as to be made a subject of inquiry. L. tango, to touch. • 
 
 TANGLE, v. See ENTANGLE. 
 
 TAN'TALIZE. v. To torment by a show of pleasure, which cannot 
 be readied. Derived from Tantalus, a king of Lydia ; who is re- 
 presented, by the poets, as punished in hell by an insatiable thirst, 
 and placed up to his chin in a pool of water, which flows away as 
 soon as he attempts to taste it. 
 
 TANTAMOUNT, adj. Equivalent. F. tantamount; tant, as^much 
 as, and monter, to mount, or go up. 
 
 TAP'IS. s. "On the tapis," — on the carpet; having become the sub- 
 ject of debate. F. 
 
 TAR'DY. adj. Slow ; sluggish. L. tardus ; from tardo, to stop. 
 
 TARTA'REAN. adj. Hellish. L. tartarus: G. tartar os ; from tarasso, 
 to trouble. 
 
 TAU'RUS. s. A sign of the zodiac. L. taurus, a bull. 
 
 TAUTOL'OGY. s. Unnecessary and disagreeable repetition of the 
 same words, or of the same sense, in different words. G. tautologia ; 
 tautos, the same, and logos, a word. 
 
 TAUTOPH'ONY. s. Frequent and disagreeable repetition of the same 
 sound ; monotony. G. tautos, the same, and phone, a sound. 
 w 253 
 
TAV— TEN 
 
 TAVERN, s. An inn. or, rather, a house in which refreshments are 
 sold. F. taverne : L. taberna, a small house made of boards : tabula, 
 a board. 
 
 TECHNICAL, adj. Belonging to arts ; pertaining to some mechani- 
 cal or professional business, and therefore not commonly understood. 
 G. technikos ; from techne, an art. 
 
 TECHNOL OGY. s. A description of arts ; a treatise on mechanics. 
 G. techne, art, and logos, a word, or description. 
 
 TECTON'IC. adj. Pertaining to building. G. tektoniko/t ; tekton, a 
 builder. 
 
 TE DE'UM. s. A particular hymn, so called because it begins with 
 the words, Te Deum laudamus, we praise thee, God : — tu Deus 
 laudo. 
 
 TE'DIOUS. adj. Wearisome by continuance, or by reason of prolixity ; 
 slow. L. t&dium, weariness. 
 
 TEG'UMENT. s. In anatomy, a cover. L. iegumentum ; tego, to 
 cover. 
 
 TEL'EGRAPH. s. An instrument which answers the purpose of 
 writing, by conveying intelligence to a distance, by means of signals. 
 G. tele, far off, and grapho, to write. 
 
 TEL'ESCOPE. s. An optical tube for viewing distant objects. G. tele, 
 far off, and skopeo, to view. 
 
 TEMER'ITY. s. Rashness ; unreasonable contempt of danger. L. 
 temeritas ; from temno, to despise. 
 
 TEM'PER. v. To mix, so as that one part qualifies another ; to bring 
 to due proportion ; to moderate ; to form metals to a proper degree 
 of hardness. L. temper o ; from temporis, gen. of ternpus, time, a 
 convenience, suitableness to the time present, &c. 
 
 TEM'PER. s. Due mixture of different or contrary qualities ; consti- 
 tution of body ; disposition of mind ; frame of mind ; moderation; 
 state to which metals are reduced, particularly as to hardness. See 
 the verb. 
 
 TEM'PERATE. adj. Not excessive ; moderate. L. temperatus, part, 
 of tempero. See TEMPER. 
 
 TEM'PEST. s. Extreme violence of wind; an excessively destructive 
 storm ; tumult ; perturbation. L. tempeslas, time, season, weather, 
 boisterous weather: from tempus, time. 
 
 TEM'PORAL. adj. Measured by time; not eternal; secular; not ec- 
 clesiastical ; worldly ; not spiritual. L. temporalis ; temporis, gen. 
 of tempos, time. 
 
 TEMTORARY. adj. Lasting or continuing only a limited time: op- 
 posed to permanent. L. temporarius ; temporis, gen. of tempus, 
 time. 
 
 TEMPT, v. To incite, by presenting some pleasure or advantage ; to 
 entice ; to provoke. L. tentus, p. part, oftento, to stretch, or try. 
 
 TEN'ABLE. adj. Such as may be held against attacks ; such as may 
 be maintained against opposition. F. tenable : L. teneo, to hold fast. 
 
 TENACIOUS, adj. Adhesive; inclined to hold fast; retentive; ob- 
 stinate. L. tenax ; teneo, to hold fast. 
 
 TENACITY, s. Adhesiveness; glutinosity ; retentiveness ; obstinacy. 
 F. ienacite : L. tenacitas ; teneo, to hold. 
 
 TEN'ANCY. s. Possession as a tenant. See TENANT. 
 
 254 
 
TEN— TEP 
 
 TEN' ANT. s. One that holds by the authority of another ; one that 
 
 has temporary possession of lands, &c. under a landlord. F. tenant: 
 
 L. tenens, part, ot'teneo, to hold. 
 TEND. v. To move towards ; to be directed to any end or purpose ; 
 
 to contribute ; to nurse, or guard. L. tendo, to stretch out. 
 TEN'DENCE, or TEN'DENCY. s. Motion or direction towards ; in- 
 
 clination towards. L. tendens, part, of tendo. See TEND. 
 TENDER, adj. Soft; easily impressed or injured ; delicate; sensitive; 
 
 compassionate ; gentle. F. tendre : L. tendo, to stretch out, spread, 
 
 or bend. 
 TEN'DER. v. To offer; to propose for acceptance, s. an offer, or pro- 
 posal. F. tendre : L. tendo, to stretch out. 
 TENDINOUS, adj. Sinewy ; containing tendons. L. tendinis. See 
 
 TENDON. 
 TEN'DON. s. A sinew ; a ligature, by which the joints are stretched 
 
 out, or contracted. F. tendon : L. tendo, to stretch out. 
 TEN'DRIL. s. The clasp of a vine, or other climbing plant. F. ten- 
 
 drillon : L. tendo, to stretch out. 
 TEN'EBROUS. adj. Dark ; gloomy. L. tenebrosus ; tenelrce, dark- 
 ness. 
 TEN'EMENT. s. Any thing held by a tenant. F. tenement : L. tene- 
 
 mentum ; teneo, to hold. 
 TEN'ET. s. Principle ; position. L. teneo, to hold. 
 TEN'ON. s. The end of a piece of timber, cut so as to be fitted into 
 
 another piece. F. tenon : L. teneo, to hold. 
 TEN' OR, or TENOUR. s. Continuity of state; constant mode; gene- 
 ral currency ; meaning ; design ; also, a term in music. L. tenor ; 
 
 from teneo, to hold. 
 TENSE, adj. Stretched ; tight. L. tensus, p. part, of tendo, to stretch 
 
 out. 
 TENSE, s. In grammar, the variation of a verb, to signify time. F. 
 
 temps: L. lemptis, time. 
 TENSILE, adj. Capable of being stretched, or extended. L. tensilis. 
 
 See TENSE. 
 TENSION, s. Act of stretching or extending; state of being stretched 
 
 or extended. F. tension. See TENSE. 
 TENT. s. A moveable lodging-place or cabin, commonly made by 
 
 stretching canvass over poles. F. tente : L. tentorium ; from tendo, 
 
 to stretch. 
 TEN'TER. s. A hook on which things are stretched. L. tentus, p. 
 
 part, of tendo, to stretch. 
 TENUITY, s. Thinness; smallness. F. tenuite : L. lenuitas : tenuis, 
 
 slender : from teneo, to hold ; that is, to hold easily. 
 TENUOUS, adj. Thin ; small. L. tenuis ; from teneo, to hold ; that 
 
 is, to be held easily. 
 TENURE, s. The conditions on which tenements are held, in relation 
 
 to the service to be rendered, extent of the lease, amount of rent, 
 
 mode of payment, &c. ;, period or conditions of holding things in 
 
 general. F. tenure : L. teneo, to hold. 
 TEPEF ACTION, s. The act of moderately warming. L. tepefactus, 
 
 p. part, of tepefacio : tepidus, (from tepeo,) moderately warm, and 
 
 facio, to make. 
 
 255 
 
TEP-TES 
 
 TEPTD. adj. Moderately warm : L. tepidus ; from tepeo, to be mode- 
 
 rately warm. 
 TERGIVERSATION, s. Change: fickleness. L. tergiversatio : ter- 
 
 gu?n, the back, and verso, (from verto y ) to turn often. 
 TERM. s. Limit; a word having a specific or limited meaning ; appel- 
 lation ; condition; stipulation; period; time of being assembled for 
 
 the transaction of business. L. terminus, a boundary. 
 TER'MINATE. v. To limit ; to end ; to stop. L. termino. See 
 
 TERM. 
 TERMINOL'OGY. s. A description or explanation of technical words. 
 
 L. terminus. 
 TER'NARY. adj. Proceeding by threes ; consisting of three. L. ter- 
 
 narius ; from ties, three. 
 TER'RACE. s. A small mount of earth, covered with grass ; a balco- 
 ny ; an open gallery. F. terrace : L. terra, earth. 
 TERRA'QUEOUS. adj. Composed of land and water. L. terra, land, 
 
 and aqua, water. 
 TERRE'NE. adj. Earthly ; terrestrial. L. terrenus : terra, the earth. 
 TERRESTRIAL, adj. Earthly; not celestial. L. terrestris : terra, 
 
 the earth. 
 TER'RIER. s. A dog that follows his game under ground. F. terrier : 
 
 L. terra, the earth. 
 TERRIFTC. adj. Dreadful ; causing terror. L. terrijicus : terror, 
 
 terror, and facio, to make. 
 TER'RITOR Y. s. Land ; dominion ; district. L. territorium : terra, 
 
 land. 
 TERROR, s. Fear ; dread. L. terror : lerreo, to affright. 
 TERSE, adj. Neat ; elegant ; without pompousness. F. ters : L. tersus, 
 
 p. part, of tergeo, to make clean. 
 TERTIAN, adj. A tertian fever intermits every third day. L. ter- 
 
 tiana : lertius, the third : tres, three. 
 TERTIARY, adj. Relating to third formation, &c. L. tertius, the 
 
 third. 
 TES'SELATED. adj. Variegated by squares. L. tessella, a small 
 
 square stone, or piece of wood, &c. G. tessara, four : (a square has 
 
 four sides.) 
 TEST. s. Proof; trial, or examination. F. test : L. testis, a witness. 
 TESTA'CEOUS. adj. Consisting of shells ; composed of shells: having 
 
 continuous, not jointed shells. L. testaceus : testa, a shell-fish. 
 TESTAMENT, s. Evidence of a will, or intention, as to the disposal 
 
 of property after death ; evidence of Divine revelation and command. 
 
 ments, contained in the sacred volumes, called the Old and New 
 
 Testaments. F. testament: L. testamentum : testis, a witness. 
 TESTAMENTARY, adj. Given by testament or will ; contained in 
 
 a will. See TESTAMENT. 
 TESTATE, adj. Having made a will. L. testatus, part, of testor, to 
 
 bear witness : from testis, a witness. 
 TESTATOR, s. One who has made a will. L, from testis, a witness. 
 TESTIFY, v. To witness ; to give evidence. F. testifier : L. tesiiji- 
 
 cor : comp. of testis, a witness, and facio, to make. 
 TESTIMONY, s. Evidence given ; proof by witness. L. testimonium ; 
 
 testis, a witness, and moneo, to put in mind. 
 
 256 
 
TES— THE 
 
 TESTU'DINOUS. adj. Resembling the shell of a tortoise. L. icsiu. 
 
 dineus ; from testudo, a tortoise. 
 TETA'NUS. s. A contraction ; a kind of stiffness or rigidity in any 
 
 part of the body. G. letanos : teino, to stretch. 
 TETE A TETE. "Head to head;" a familiar discourse. F. 
 TETRAG'ONAL. adj. Square ; consisting of four sides and angles. 
 
 G. tetra, four, and gonia, a corner. 
 TETRAMETER, adj. Consisting of four poetical measures. G. te- 
 
 trametros : tetra, four, and me.tr eo, to measure. 
 TETRAN'DRIA. s. A genus of plants with hermaphrodite flowers 
 
 and four male stamina. G. tetra, four, and aner, a male. 
 TETRAPET'ALOUS. adj. Having four leaves around the style. G. 
 
 tetra, four, and petalon, a leaf. 
 TET'RAPLA. s. A bible in four columns, by Origen, each column 
 
 containing a different Greek version. G. tetraplobs, fourfold. 
 TET'RAPTOTE. s. A noun with only four cases. G. tetra, four, and 
 
 ptosis, a case. 
 TET'RARCH. adj. One who governed the fourth part of a Roman 
 
 province. L. tetrarcha : G. tetrarches : tetra, four, and archos, a 
 
 chief. * 
 
 TETRAS'TIC. s. An epigram or stanza of four verses. G. tetrasti- 
 
 chos : tetra, four, and stichos, a verse. 
 TET'RASTYLE. s. A building with four columns in front ; a build- 
 
 ing with four pillars on a side. G. tetra, four, and stulos, a pillar. 
 TEXT. s. That on which a comment is written or spoken ; a sentence 
 
 of scripture. F. texte : L. textus, p. part, of texo, to weave, or build. 
 TEX'TILE. adj. Woven ; capable of being woven. L. textilis ; textus, 
 
 p. part, of texo, to weave. 
 TEX'TURE. s. Something woven ; manner of weaving ; combination 
 
 of parts. L. textura ; textus, p. part, of texo, to weave. 
 THE'ATRE. s. A place of exhibition ; a playhouse. F. theatre ; L. 
 
 theatrum : G. theatron ; from fkeaomai, to behold. 
 THE' 1ST. s. One who believes in God. G. Tkeos, God. 
 THEME, s. A subject on which a person speaks or writes; a short 
 
 scholastic dissertation ; the radical, or original word from which 
 
 another is derived. G. thema ; from tkeo, \pono,) to place, or lay 
 
 down. 
 THEOCRACY, s. Government immediately superintended by God. 
 
 F. theocratie ; G. Theos, God, and krateo, to govern. 
 THEOG'ONY. s. Fabulous generation of the gods. G. theogonia ; 
 
 theos, a god, and gone, offspring. 
 THEOL'OGY. s. The science of divinity. G. theologia ; Theos, God, 
 
 and logos, a description. 
 THEOPHILAN'THROPIST. s. A lover of God and man. G. Theos, 
 
 God, philo, a lover, and anthropos, a man. 
 THE'OREM. s. A position laid down as an acknowledged truth. G. 
 
 theorema ; then, (pono,) to place, or lay down. 
 THEORETIC, or THEORETICAL, adj. Speculative ; depending on 
 
 theory or speculation ; not practical. G. theoretikos. See THEORY. 
 THE'ORY. s. Speculation ; knowledge obtained by looking on, or 
 
 from books, not from practice ; scheme or plan. G. theoreia ; from 
 
 theoreo, to view. 
 
 r* 257 
 
THE— TOP 
 
 THERAPEU'TIC. adj. Teaching the cure of diseases. G. therapeu> 
 
 tikos ; therapeuo, to heal. 
 THERMOMETER, s. An instrument for measuring degrees of heat. 
 
 G. ther?ne, heat, and metreo, to measure. 
 THE'SIS. s. A position ; something laid down, either affirmatively or 
 
 negatively. G. thesis ; tithemi, (pono,) to place, or lay down. 
 THORACIC, adj. Belonging to the breast. L. thoracis, gen. of tho- 
 rax, the inner part of the breast. G. thorax. 
 THO'RAL. adj. Relating to a bed. L. thorus, ovtforos, twisted grass 
 
 or straw, on which the ancients laid their bed-furniture, for the con- 
 
 venience of sleeping. G. toros, a rope. 
 THRONE, s. A royal seat; the seat of a bishop. L. thronus : G. 
 
 thronos ; from thrao, to sit. 
 TIM'ID. adj. Fearful ; timorous ; wanting courage. L. timidus ; 
 
 timeo, to fear. 
 TIMOROUS, adj. Fearful; timid. L.timor, fear. 
 TINCTURE, s. Portion of extrinsic quality ; extract of some drug, 
 
 made in spirits. L. tinctura ; tinctus, p. part, of tingo, to dye. 
 TINGE, v. To touch lightly with a colour ; to affect lightly with some 
 
 quality. L. tingo ; G. tengo, to sprinkle. 
 TINT. s. Delicate shade of colour. F. teinte : L. tinctus, p. part, of 
 
 tingo, to dye. See TINGE. 
 TITLE, s. A general head, comprising particulars ; an appellation 
 
 of honour; a name ; a claim of right. L. titulus. 
 TIT'ULAR. adj. Nominal ; having or conferring only the title. F. 
 
 titulaire. See TITLE. 
 TOAST, s. Bread, scorched before a fire, and generally eaten with 
 
 butter, but sometimes sopped or immersed in a liquor for drinking; 
 
 a celebrated woman, whose health is often drunk ; any person or 
 
 sentiment expressed before drinking. L. tostus, p. part, of torreo, to 
 
 roast, or scorch. 
 TOGA VIR1LIS. "The manly robe;" the dress assumed by the 
 
 Roman youth, on reaching a certain period of life. L. toga, a gown, 
 
 or robe, and virilis, (from vir,) manly. 
 TOMB. s. A sepulchral monument, or grave, anciently marked by a 
 
 heap of earth or stones. F. tombe : L. tumulus, a little hill ; from 
 
 tumeo, to swell. 
 TOMETTCA. s. Medicines for opening the pores, and dispersing 
 
 viscous humours. G. temno, to cut. 
 TON. s. Fashion. F. 
 
 TON'SOR. s. A barber. L. ionsor ; tonsus, p. part, of tondco, to clip. 
 TON'SURE. s. The act of clipping or shaving the hair ; the part 
 
 shaven. F. tonsure : L. tonsura ; tonsus, p. part, of tondeo, to clip. 
 TOP' ARCH. s. The chief man of a place ; a lord or governor of a 
 
 small country. G. topos, a place, and archos, a chief. 
 TOPTC. s. Subject of discourse ; a general head, to which other things 
 
 are referred ; an external remedy, applied to some particular part. 
 
 F. topique : G. topos, a place. 
 TOPTCAL. adj. Relating to some general head ; local ; confined to 
 
 some particular place; applied, as a remedy, to some particular part 
 
 See TOPIC. 
 
 258 
 
TOP— TRA 
 
 TOPOG'RAPHY. s. Description of particular places. F.iopograpkie : 
 
 G. topos, a place, and grapho, to write. 
 TORNA'DO. s. A whirlwind; a hurricane. Spanish; from the L. 
 
 tornatus, p. part, of tomo, to turn as a wheel. G. torno-o. 
 TORPE'DO. s. A fish, which, when living, is said to communicate 
 
 numbness by an electric shock ; a submarine engine, invented by 
 
 Robert Fulton of Pennsylvania, for destroying an enemy's ships. L. 
 
 torpedo ; torpeo, to be numbed. 
 TORPES'CENT. #dj. Becoming torpid. L. torpescens, part, of tor- 
 
 pesco, to grow numb, 
 TORPID, adj. Benumbed; motionless; inactive. L. torpidus. See 
 
 TORPOR. 
 TOR'POR. s. Numbness; inability to move; dulness of sensation. L. 
 
 torpor ; from torpeo, to be numb. 
 TORREFAC'TION. s. Act of roasting, or drying by the fire. F. tor. 
 
 refaction : L. torrefactus, p. part, of torrefacio ; comp. of torreo, to 
 
 roast, and facio, to make. 
 TOR'RID. adj. Parched ; scorching. L. torridus ; from torreo, to 
 
 roast. 
 TORT. s. A wrong committed ; an injury. F. tort : L. tortus, p. part. 
 
 of torqueo, to twist. 
 TORTIOUS, adj. Wrongful ; injurious. See TORT. 
 TOR'TUOUS. adj. Twisted ; winding. L. tortuosus ; tortus, p. part 
 
 of torqueo, to writhe. 
 TORTURE, s. Infliction of pain ; pain, by which guilt is punished, 
 
 or confession extorted ; extreme pain. L. tortura ; torturus, (future 
 
 part, of torqueo,) about to writhe. 
 TO'TAL. adj. Whole; complete; full. L. totalis; tot, so many, just 
 
 so much. 
 TOT IDEM VERBIS. In just so many words. L. 
 TOUPET. s. A little tuft of hair. F. from toupier, to whirl about. 
 TOUR. s. A journey, comprehending many places, and requiring va- 
 rious turnings. F. from tourner, to turn, or wind around : L. tomo. 
 TOURNAMENT, s. Tilt ; joust; mock encounter. F. tournoyement: 
 
 tournoyer, tourner, to whirl about. L. tomo. 
 TOUR'NIQUET. s. A surgical instrument, used in amputation, &c. 
 
 capable of being straitened or relaxed by turning a handle. F. from 
 
 tourner, to turn. 
 TRACE, s. Mark left by any thing passing ; appearance of what has 
 
 been ; harness by which a beast draws a carriage, &c. (verb, — to 
 
 follow by the trace or remaining mark ; to delineate, &c.) F. trace. 
 
 See TRACK. 
 TRACK, s. Trace ; mark impressed on a road, by any thing drawn 
 
 over it; impression; beaten path. L. tractus ; from the p. part, of 
 
 traho, to draw. 
 TRACT, s. A region, the boundaries of which are supposed to be 
 
 traced out, or defined ; a treatise ; a small book. L. tractus ; from 
 
 a part, of traho, to draw. 
 TRACTABLE, adj. Manageable; docile; compliant. L. tractabilis : 
 
 tractus, p. part, ot traho, to draw. 
 TRACTILE, adj. Capable of being drawn out; ductile. See TRACT- 
 
 ABLE. 
 
 259 
 
TRA-TRA 
 
 TRACTION, s. Act of drawing ; state of being drawn. L. tractuS, 
 
 p. pait. of traho, to draw. 
 TRADE, s. Traffic; mutual delivery or exchange of merchandise; 
 
 species of traffic. L. trado, to deliver : comp. of trans, across, and 
 
 do, to give. 
 TRADl'TION. s. Delivery or oral communication of occurrences, 
 
 from one age to another ; an occurrence thus communicated. L. 
 
 traditio ; from trado, to deliver. 
 TRADUCE, v. To censure, or calumniate. L. traduco: trans, across, 
 
 and duco, to carry ; meaning, to bear about, from one to another, 
 
 that which is unfavourable. 
 TRADU'CIBLE. adj. Deliverable ; derivable. L. traduco : trans, 
 
 across, or from one place to another, and duco, to lead. 
 TRAF'FIC. v. To trade in person, or by means of an agent, abroad. 
 
 Italian, traffico : L. trans, across, or from one place to another, and 
 
 facio, to make, or do. 
 TRAG'EDY. s. A dramatic representation of a serious and affecting 
 
 kind; a mournful event; a dreadful catastrophe. L. tragoedia : G. 
 
 tragodia ; from tragos, a mule-goat, and ode, a song. Tragedy, 
 
 which has attained so high dignity, was, at first, only a trial of iam- 
 bics between two peasants, and a goat was the prize: thus, Horace 
 
 calls it, vile certamen ob hircum, — " a mean contest for a he-goat." 
 TRAGTC, or TRAGICAL, adj. Relating to tragedy; mournful; ca- 
 lamitous; dreadful. L. tragicus. See TRAGEDY. 
 TRAIN, v. To educate; to teach; to exercise. F. trainer: L. tra- 
 
 hendus, p. future part, of traho, to draw. 
 TRAIN, s. That which is designed to be drawn after any thing, — 
 
 as, the tail of a bird, the tail of a gown, or cannon accompanying an 
 
 army ; a connected series, in which one thing is followed by another ; 
 
 process ; method ; retinue ; a trail or line of powder, reaching to a 
 
 mine, &c. F. train : L. trahendus, (to be drawn,) p. future part, of 
 
 traho, to draw. 
 TRAIT, s. Sketch ; moral picture ; moral feature ; action, or striking 
 
 occurrence in human life, (sometimes pronounced tray.) F. trait, 
 
 (formerly traict :) L. tr actus ; from the p. part, of traho, to draw. 
 TRAITOR, s. One who c?eZiuers,to an enemy, that with which he has 
 
 been intrusted ; one who, being trusted, betrays. F. traitre : L. tra- 
 
 ditor : trado, to deliver, or yield. 
 TRA'JECT. s. A ferry ; a means of passing across a river. L. tra- 
 
 jectus ; from the p. part, of trajicio : trans, across, and jacio, to 
 
 throw. 
 TRAJECT'. v. To throw across ; to cast. See the substantive. 
 TRAM'MEL. s. A net; a kind of shackles, in which horses are taught 
 
 to pace; a human snare; an impediment or obstruction. F. tramail : 
 
 L. trames, a cross way ; tramissus, p. part, of trarnitto, (for trans- 
 
 mitto :) trans, across, and mitto, to send. 
 TRANCE. See TRANSE. 
 TRANSACT', v. To negotiate ; to manage ; to perform ; to do. L. 
 
 transactum, sup. of transigo ; comp. of trans, across, or from one 
 
 place to another, and ago, to do. 
 TRANSCEND', v. To surpass ; to exceed, or excel ; to surmount. L. 
 
 transcendo : trans, beyond, and scando, to climb. 
 
 260 
 
TRA— TRA 
 
 TRANSCRI'BE. v. To copy in writing. L. transcribo : trans, across, 
 or from one place to another, and scribo, to write. 
 
 TRANSCRIPT, s. A written copy. L. transcriptus, p. part, of trans- 
 cribo. See TRANSCRIBE. 
 
 TRANSE. s. State of apparent death ; sleep, unusually prolonged. F. 
 trans : L. transitus, p. part, of transeo : trans, beyond, and eo, to go. 
 
 TRAN'SEPT. s. A cross aisle. L. trans, across, and septus, p. part, 
 of sepio, to enclose. 
 
 TRANSFER', v. To convey ; to remove. L. transfero : trans, across, 
 and/ero, to carry. 
 
 TRANSFIGURATION, s. Change of form. L. tra nsjiguratio ; from 
 transfiguro : trans, across, or from one to another, and Jiguro, to 
 shape. See FIGURE. 
 
 TRANSFIX', v. To pierce through. L. transjixum, sup. of transjigo ; 
 trans, across, and Jigo, to stick, or fasten. 
 
 TRANSFORM', v. To metamorphose ; to change the shape. L. 
 transform*) : trans, across, or from one to another, and forma, shape. 
 
 TRANSFU'SE. v. To pour out of one into another ; to spread. L. 
 transfusum, sup. of transfundo : trans, across, or beyond, and fundo, 
 to pour. 
 
 TRANSGRESS', v. To pass beyond ; to violate ; to offend, by violating 
 a law. L. transgressum, sup. of transgredior : trans, beyond, and 
 gradior, to walk : gradus, a step. 
 
 TRAN'SIENT. adj. Soon past ; soon passing ; momentary. L. tran- 
 siens, part, of transeo: trans, across, and eo, to go. 
 
 TRANSIL'IENCE. s. Leap from one thing to another. L. transiliens, 
 part, oftransilio : trans, across, and salio, to leap. 
 
 TRAN'SIT. s. Passage ; the passage of any planet over the sun, moon, 
 or stars. L. transitus. See TRANSITION. 
 
 TRANSI'TION. s. Removal ; passage from one state or thing to an- 
 other ; change. L. transitio: transitus, part, of transeo: trans, 
 across, and eo, to go. 
 
 TRANS'ITIVE. adj. Having the power of passing ; (in grammar,) a 
 verb transitive is that which signifies an action, conceived as having 
 an effect upon some object. L. transitivus. See TRANSITION. 
 
 TRANS'ITORY. adj. Continuing only a short time ; speedily vanish- 
 ing. L. transitorius. See TRANSITION. 
 
 TRANSLA'TE. v. To remove ; to convey ; to change into another 
 language. L. translatum, sup. of transfero : trans, across, or from 
 one to another, and fero, to carry. 
 
 TRANSLOCATION, s. Change of place. L. trans, across, or from 
 one to another, and locus, a place. 
 
 TRANSLUCENT, or TRANSLU'CID. adj. Transparent; clear; af- 
 fording a passage to the light through its pores. L. translucens, 
 part, of transluceo, to shine through : comp. of trans, across, and 
 luceo, to shine. Translucid is derived from translucidus. 
 
 TRANSMARINE, adj. Situated on the other side of the sea ; found 
 beyond sea. L. transmarinus : trans, across, or beyond, and mare, 
 the sea. 
 
 TRANSMIGRATION, s. Passage from one place or state into an- 
 other. L. transmigratus, p. part, of transmigro ; from tians, across, 
 meaning from one to another, and migro, to remove. 
 
 261 
 
TRA— TRE 
 
 TRANSMISSION, s. Act of transmitting. L. transmissio ; trans- 
 missus, p. part, of transmitto. See TRANSMIT. 
 TRANSMIT, v. To send from one person or place to another. L. 
 transmitto : trans, across, and mitto, to send. 
 
 TRANSMON'TANE. adj. Beyond the mountain. L. trans, across, 
 and mons, a mountain. 
 
 TRANSMU'TE. v. To change from one nature to another. L. trans- 
 muto ; from trans, across, meaning from one to another, and ?nulo, 
 to change. 
 
 TRANSPARENT, adj. Allowing the light to pass through its pores ; 
 clear; pellucid; not opaque. F. transparent : L. trans, across, and 
 parens, part, of pareo, to appear. 
 
 TRANSPIERCE', v. To pierce through ; to transfix. L. trans, across, 
 and pierce. 
 
 TRANSPI'RE. v. To perspire ; to escape from secrecy to publicity. 
 L. transpiro : trans, across, or beyond, and spiro, to breathe. 
 
 TRANSPLANT/ v. To remove, and plant in another place ; to re- 
 move and settle. L. trans, across, or beyond, and plant. 
 
 TRANSPORT', v. To carry from one place to another, at a consider- 
 able distance; to hurry by violence of passion ; to put into extasy. 
 L. transporto : trans, across, or beyond, and porto, to carry. 
 
 TRANS'PORT. s. Conveyance ; a vessel in which soldiers or muni- 
 tions of war are conveyed ; extasy. See the verb. 
 
 TRANSPO'SE. v. To alter, interchangeably, the position of things or 
 words. F. transposer : L. transposition, sup. of transpono ; trans, 
 across, and pono, to place. 
 
 TRANSUBSTANTIA'TION. s. A miraculous operation, believed in 
 the Church of Rome, by which the bread and wine of the eucharist 
 are supposed to be changed into the real body and blood of Christ. 
 F. transubstantiation : L. trans, across, or from one to another, and 
 substantia, substance. 
 
 TRANSU'DE. v. To pass through in sweat, or vapour. L. trans, 
 across, or beyond, and sudo, to sweat. 
 
 TRANSVERSE', adj. In a direction across. L. transversus, p. part, 
 of transverto : trans, across, and verto, to turn. 
 
 TRAVAIL', v. To labour; to toil; to harass; to be in labour; to suf- 
 fer the pains of childbirth. F. iravailler, to trouble. 
 
 TRAVEL, v. To make a journey ; to pass ; to move. This verb is 
 generally supposed to be the same as travail ; though it is now dif- 
 ferently spelled, when expressing the toil of a journey, &c. 
 
 TRAVERSE', adj. Lying across ; — s. that which lies across; a thwart- 
 ing obstacle, &c. F. traverse. See TRANSVERSE. 
 
 TRAVERSE', v. To cross; to thwart; to oppose, or cross by an ob- 
 jection ; to travel over. F. traverser. See TRANSVERSE. 
 
 TRAVESTY, s. A burlesque imitation. F. travesti, part, of travestir, 
 to disguise. L. trans, across, meaning contrariety or opposition, 
 and vestis, a garment. 
 
 TREACHERY, s. Perfidy; breach of faith. F. tricherie ; from tri- 
 cher, to cheat. L. tricor, to trifle, or baffle. 
 
 TREA'SON. s. An offence committed against the safety of a people, 
 or of a sovereign or state. F. trahison ; from trahissant, part, of 
 trahir, to betray. L. iraho, to draw, or entice. 
 
 262 
 
TRE— TRI 
 
 TREAS'URY. s. A place in which money is deposited. F. tresorerie : 
 
 L. thesaurus : G. thesauros ; comp. of thesis, a place, and awros, 
 
 riches. 
 TREAT, v. To negotiate ; to discourse on ; to use in any manner, 
 
 well or ill; to conduct; to manage; to entertain gratuitously. F. 
 
 trailer : L. tracto ; from tractum, sup. of traho, to draw, or stretch 
 
 out, lead, allure, or contract. 
 TREATISE, s. Written discourse ; tract. See TREAT. 
 TREATY, s. Negotiation; compact. See TREAT. 
 TREBLE, adj. Threefold ; (in music,) of a sharp sound. F. triple. 
 
 See TRIPLE. 
 TRE'FOIL. s. A species of clover, or three-leaved grass. L. trefo- 
 
 lium: tres, three, and folium, a leaf. 
 TREM'BLE. v. To shake as with fear or cold ; to quake ; to quaver; 
 
 to shudder; to totter. F. trembler : L. tremo, to shake. 
 TREMEN'DOUS. adj. Dreadful ; astonishingly terrible. L. tremen- 
 
 dus ; from tremo, to shake. 
 TREM'OR, or TREM'OUR. s. State of trembling ; quivering or vi- 
 bratory motion. L. tremor : tremo, to shake. 
 TREMULOUS, adj. Trembling; fearful; quivering; vibratory. L. 
 
 tremulus. See TREMOR. 
 TRENCH, s. A pit or ditch. F. tranche : trancher, to cut. L. trunco, 
 
 to chop off. 
 TRENCH' ANT. adj. Cutting; sharp. F. tranchant, part, of trancher : 
 
 L. trunco, to chop off. 
 TRENCHER, s. A wooden plate, on which meat is cut at table. F. 
 
 trenchoir : trencher, to cut : L. trunco, to cut into pieces. 
 TREPAN', s. An instrument used for cutting circular pieces out of 
 
 the skull. F. trepan : G. trepo, to turn. 
 TREPID A'TION. s. State of violent trembling, or quivering ; state of 
 
 being terrified. L. trepidatio ; trepido, to quake for fear, or be 
 
 amazed. 
 TRESPASS, v. To transgress ; to offend ; to enter unlawfully into 
 
 another's ground. F. trespasser : L. trans, across, and passus, a 
 
 step. 
 TREV'ET. s. Any thing that stands on three legs; as a stool. F. 
 
 trepied : L. tres, three, and pedis, gen. of pes, a foot. 
 TREY. s. A three, of cards, dice, &.c. L. tres, three. 
 TRI'AD. s. Three united. L. trias ; tres, three. 
 TRF ANGLE, s. A figure of three angles. L. triangulum ; tres, three, 
 
 and angulum, an angle. 
 TRIBE, s. A distinct body of people, as distinguished by nation, 
 
 family, or fortune. In the reign of Romulus, after a treaty had been 
 
 made with the invading Sabines, it was agreed, that Rome should 
 
 be inhabited by Romans and Sabines, in common; and that they 
 
 should be divided into three sections, (tribus,) called Rhamnanses, 
 
 Talienses, and Lucrenses. The word tribe is, therefore, derived from 
 
 an inflexion of the L. adj. tres, three. 
 TRIBULA'TION. s. Persecution ; distress ; vexation. F. tribulation : 
 
 L. tribulo, to thresh. 
 TRIBU'NAL. s. The seat of a judge; a court of justice. L. tribunal. 
 
 See TRIBUNE. 
 
 263 
 
TRI— TRI 
 
 TRIB'UNE. s. Originally, the chief officer of a Roman tribe ; after- 
 wards, an officer of Rome, chosen by the people, to guard their liber- 
 ties ; or the commander of a cohort. L. tribunus. See TRIBE. 
 
 TRIBUTARY, adj. Subject to pay tribute ; relating to tribute ; paid 
 in tribute ; subordinate. L. tributarius. See TRIBUTE. 
 
 TRIBUTE, s. Payment made by a subjected people to their victors ; 
 acknowledgment. L. tribulum; tribuo, to give, or grant. 
 
 TRICHO'PHYLLON. s. A plant with leaves resembling hair. G. 
 frichion, hair, phullon, a leaf. 
 
 TRI'COLOURED. adj. Having three colours. L. tres, three, and co- 
 loured. 
 
 TRIDENT, s. The three-pronged sceptre of Neptune. L. tridens ; 
 tres, three, and dens, a tooth. 
 
 TRIB'UAN. adj. Lasting three days ; happening every third day. L. 
 triduum ; tres, three, and dies, a day. 
 
 TRIENNIAL, adj. Lasting three years; happening once in three 
 years. L. triennes ; tres, three, and annus, a year. 
 
 TRIFO'LIATE. adj. Having three leaves. L. tres, three, and folium, 
 a leaf. 
 
 TRIFORM, adj. Having a triple shape. L. triformis ; tres, three, 
 and forma, a shape. 
 
 TRIGLOT, s. A literary work, exhibiting the same matter in three 
 different languages. G. treis, three, and glotta, a tongue. 
 
 TRIGONAL, adj. Triangular ; three-cornered. G. trigonon, a trian- 
 gle : treis, three, and gonia, a corner, or angle. 
 
 TRIGONOM'ETRY. s. The art of measuring triangles. G. trigonos, 
 a triangle, and metreo, to measure. 
 
 TRILATERAL, adj. Having three sides. F. trilateral: h.tria, (neu- 
 ter of tres,) three, and latera, pi. oflatus, a side. 
 
 TRIM'ETER. adj. Consisting of three poetical measures. G. trime- 
 tros ; treis, three, and melron, a measure. 
 
 TRI'NAL. adj. Threefold. L. trinus ; tres, three, and unus, one. 
 
 TRINITY, s. Three in one. L. trinitas ; tres, three, and unitas, 
 unity : unus, one. 
 
 TRIP'ARTITE. adj. Divided into three parts; having three corres- 
 pondent copies ; relating to three parties. L. tripartitus ; comp. of 
 tres, three, and partitus, p. part, ofpartio, to divide. 
 
 TRIP EDAL. adj. Having three feet. L. tripedis, gen. of tripes ; tres, 
 three, and pes, a foot. 
 
 TRIPET'ALOUS. adj. Having a flower consisting of three leaves. 
 G. treis, three, and petalon, a leaf. 
 
 TRIPHTHONG, s. The coalition of three vowels to form one sound. 
 G. treis, three, and phlhongos, a sound. 
 
 TRIP'LE. adj. Threefold; treble. F. triple : L. triplex ; comp. of 
 tres, three, and plico, to fold. 
 
 TRIPLET, s. Three of a kind; three verses rhyming together. See 
 TRIPLE. 
 
 TRIP'LICATE. s. Made thrice as much ; a second copy, or third of 
 three of the same kind. L. triplicatus. See TRIPLE. 
 
 TRIP'OD. s. A seat with three feet. G. tripous, (gen. tripodos ;) from 
 treis, three, and pous, a foot. • 
 
 264 
 
TRI— TRU 
 
 TRIP'TOTE. s. A noun used only in three cases. L. triptoton : G. 
 treis, three, and ptosis, a case. 
 
 TRI'REME. s. A galley with three benches of oars. L. triremis ; from 
 tres, three, and remits, an oar. 
 
 TRISECT', v. To cut into three parts. L. tres, three, and seco, to 
 cut. 
 
 TRISYL'LABLE. s. A word consisting of three syllables. L. trisyU 
 laba ; tres, three, and syllaba, a syllable. 
 
 TRIT-33'US. s. The tertian ague. G. tritaios, tertian : treis, three. 
 
 TRITE, adj. Worn out; common. L. tritus, p. part, of tero, to rub. 
 
 TRIT'URATE. v. To levigate or reduce to powder by friction. L. 
 trituro : from triturus, (future part, of tero,) about to rub. 
 
 TRI'UMPH. s. Pomp with which a victory is celebrated ; state of be- 
 ing victorious ; conquest. L. triumphus : G. thriambos : thrion, a leaf, 
 (meaning, of laurel,) and embaino, to go in state. 
 
 TRIUM'VIRATE, or TRIUMVIRI, s. Coalition of three men, as of 
 Cassar, Pompey, and Crassus. L. triumviratus, or triumviri : tres, 
 three, and viri, (pi. of vir,) men. 
 
 TRIUNE, adj. Three and one, at the same time. L. tres, three, and 
 unvs, one. 
 
 TRIVIAL, adj. Vulgar; trifling; unimportant; inconsiderable. L. 
 trivialis : trivium, a place where three ways meet, (therefore,) a 
 place of common resort : tres, three, and via, a way. 
 
 TROCHOL'ICS. s. The art of wheel-work. G. trochos, a wheel. 
 
 TROPE, s. Figurative change of a word from its original significa- 
 tion. G. tropos : from trepo, to turn. 
 
 TROPH'Y. s. Something shown or treasured up in proof of victory. 
 L. tropceum, or trophaum : G. tropaion ; from trepo, to turn ; allud- 
 ing to the flight or turning of the enemy. 
 
 TROPTC. s. The line at which the sun appears to return, in his decli- 
 nation to the north or to the south. L. tropicus : G. trepo, to turn. 
 
 TROPICAL, adj. In grammar, figurative : from Trope : — In astro- 
 nomy, within or belonging to the tropics. See TROPIC. 
 
 TROVER, s. In the common law, an action which one person has 
 against another, who has found, (or has, by any means, in his pos- 
 session) any of the plaintiff's goods, and refuses to. deliver them. F. 
 trouver, to find. 
 
 TROY. adj. A species of weight, of which there are 12 ounces in a 
 pound. — The fair of Troyes, in Champaign, (says Adam Smith) was, 
 in the reign of Henry VIII. of England, (by whom this weight was 
 introduced into the mint,) frequented by all the nations of Europe, 
 and its weights and measures generally known and esteemed. 
 
 TRUCK, s. A kind of carriage, with low wheels, for carrying heavy 
 weights. G. trochos, a wheel. 
 
 TRUCK'LE. s. A small wheel ; the moveable part of a pulley. G. 
 trochos, a wheel. 
 
 TRUN'CATE. v. To lop ; to cut short ; to maim. L. trunco. See 
 TRUNK. 
 
 TRUN'CHEON. s. A short staff; a cudgel ; a staff of command. F. 
 trongon : L. truncus, cut short. 
 
 TRUNK, s. The body of a tree, exclusive of the branches ; the body 
 of an animal, without the limbs ; a hollow piece of timber, for con- 
 x 265 
 
TUB-TYP 
 
 veying fluids ; a species of chest ; the proboscis of an elephant. L. 
 truncus, cut short. 
 
 TU'BERCLE. s. A small swelling or excrescence ; a pimple. L. tu- 
 ber culum ; dim. of tuber, a puff, growing in the ground like a mush- 
 room. 
 
 TU'BEROUS. adj. Having prominent knots or excrescences. L. tu- 
 berosus : tuber, a puff growing in the ground like a mushroom. 
 
 TUBULAR, adj. Resembling a pipe; consisting of a pipe or pipes; 
 fistular. L. tubus, a conduit-pipe. 
 
 TU'BULE. s. A small pipe, or fistular body. L. tubulus, dim. of tubus, 
 a conduit-pipe. 
 
 TUI'TION. s. Guardianship ; care exercised by a guardian or tutor ; 
 general instruction. L. iuitio : tutus, p. part, of tueor, to behold, or 
 defend. 
 
 TUMEFACTION, s. Swelling. L. tumef actio ; from tumef actus, p. 
 part, of tumef acio ; comp. of tumeo, to swell, and facio, to make. 
 
 TUMID, adj. Swelled ; protuberant ; pompous ; falsely sublime. L. 
 tumidus : tumeo, to swell. 
 
 TU'MOUR. s. A morbid swelling. L. tumor : tumeo, to swell. 
 
 TUMULO'SE. adj. Full of little hills. L. tumulosus : tumulus, a hil- 
 lock : from tumeo, to swell. 
 
 TUMULT, s. Promiscuous commotion in a multitude ; popular dis- 
 turbance. L. tumultus ; from tumeo, to swell. 
 
 TU'NIC. s. Part of the Roman dress ; (in anatomy,) a natural cover- 
 ing or integument. L. tunica. 
 
 TU'NICLE. s. Natural cover ; integument. L. tunicula, a little coat. 
 See TUNIC. 
 
 TUR'BID. adj. Muddy. L. turbidus : turbo, a whirling round. 
 
 TURBULENCE, s. Tumult; confusion; disorder. L. turbulentia : 
 turba, a crowd : turbo, a whirling round. 
 
 TURGES'CENCE. s. The act of swelling; the slate of being swelled ; 
 vain magnificence. L. turgescens, part, of tur'gesco. See TURGID. 
 
 TUR'GID. adj. Swelling ; bloated ; pompous ; vainly magnificent. L. 
 turgidus ; from turgeo, to swell. 
 
 TURPITUDE, s. Vileness ; badness. L. turpitudo : turpis, filthy. 
 
 TUR'RET. s. A small eminence, or little tower, raised above the rest 
 of a building. L. turris, a tower. 
 
 TU'TELAGE. s. Guardianship ; state of being under a tutor or guard- 
 ian. F. tutelage : L. iutela. See TUITION. 
 
 TU'TELAR, or TU'TELARY. adj. Protecting ; guarding. F. tute- 
 lage. See TUTELAGE. 
 
 TU'TOR. s. One who has the care of another's learning and morals ; a 
 teacher. L. tutor ; from tutus, p. part, of tueor, to behold, or defend. 
 
 TYMPA'NUM. s. A part of the ear, which is supposed to be the im- 
 mediate organ of hearing ; so called, from its resemblance to a drum. 
 L. tympanum : G. tumpanoh, a drum. 
 
 TYM'PANY. s. A kind of obstructed flatulence, which swells the 
 body like a drum. L. tympanum : G. tumpanon, a drum. 
 
 TYPE. s. A mark ; an emblem ; prefiguration ; a printing letter. L. 
 typus : G. tupos, a mark ; from tupto, to beat. 
 
 TY'PHUS. s. A species of continued fever. G. tuphos, stupor, sense- 
 lessness. 
 
 266 
 
TYP— UN 
 
 TYP'ICAL. adj. Emblematical ; figurative. L. typicus. See TYPE. 
 
 TYP'IFY. v. To figure ; to show by an emblem. L. typvs, a type, 
 and facio, to make. See TYPE. 
 
 TYPOG'RAPHY. s. Emblematical or hieroglyphical representation ; 
 art of printing with types. L. typographia : G. tupos, a type, and 
 grapho, to write. See TYPE. 
 
 TYRANNICIDE, s. The act of killing a tyrant ; one who has killed 
 a tyrant. L. tyrannus, a tyrant, and cado, to kill. 
 
 TY'RANT. s. Originally meant one who had gained the ascendency, 
 or absolute rule, in a republic ; it now denotes an imperious mon- 
 arch ; a cruel and severe master ; an oppressor. L. tyrannus : G. 
 turannos, regal : teiro, to subject. 
 
 TY'RO. s. One not yet master of his art; a beginner. L. tyro, or tiro. 
 
 U. 
 
 UBIQ'UITY. s. Omnipresence ; existence, at the same time, in all 
 places. L. ubique, in every place. 
 
 TJL'CER. s. A hollow sore, from which matter issues. F. ulcere : L. 
 ulcus : G. ulx, a furrow. 
 
 ULIGINOUS, adj. Oozy ; slimy ; muddy. L. uliginosus : uligo, the 
 natural moisture of the earth. 
 
 ULTE'RIOR. adj. Further. L. compar. of ultra, beyond : ultra, ulte- 
 rior, ultimus. 
 
 UL'TIMATE. adj. Intended as the last resort; last in a train of 
 consequences. L. ultimus, the last ; superl. of ultra, beyond. 
 
 ULTIMATUM, s. Ultimate or last offer or decision. See ULTI- 
 MATE. 
 
 UL'TIMO, abbreviated ult°. or ult. The last preceding [month] . L. 
 abl. of ultimus, last. 
 
 ULTRAMARI'NE. adj. Situated beyond the sea ; foreign. L. ultra, 
 beyond, and mare, the sea. 
 
 ULTRAMON'TANE. adj. Situated beyond the mountains. L. ultra, 
 beyond, and mons, (gen. montis,) a mountain. 
 
 ULTRAMUN'DANE. adj. Beyond the world. L. ultra, beyond, and 
 mundus, the world. 
 
 UMBRAGE, s. Shade ; shadow : — resentment ; offence ; suspicion of 
 injury. — The last three uses of this word, umbrage, may be explain- 
 ed, by supposing, that the person giving an offence, is thrown, as it 
 is said, in the shade, or out of the favourable aspect of the other's 
 countenance. F. ombrage : L. umbra, a shadow, or shade. 
 
 UMBRA'GEOUS. adj. Shady; yielding shade. F. ombragieux : L. 
 umbra, a shadow, or shade. 
 
 UMBREL'LA. s. A portable screen, used as a shelter from the sun, 
 or from the rain. L. umbra, a shade. 
 
 UM'PIRE. s. One, to whose sole judgment, the decision of a contro- 
 versy is referred. L. imperator : impero, to rule. 
 
 UN. A Saxon privative or negative particle, having the same effect 
 as the L. in, when this preposition is used to mark privation or ne- 
 gation : thus, imconnected, means not connected, and incapable, not 
 capable. 
 
 267 
 
UNA— URN 
 
 UNAN'IMOUS. adj. Of one mind; without any discordance. L. una- 
 ni?nus, or unanimis ; comp. of units, one, and animus, the mind. 
 
 UNCTION, s. Act of anointing; rite of anointing; ointment. L. unc- 
 tio : unctus, p. part, of ungo, or unguo, to smear. 
 
 UNCTUOUS, adj. Fat; clammy; oily. L. unctus. See UNCTION. 
 
 UN'DULARY. adj. Moving as waves; moving with intermission. 
 See UNDULATE. 
 
 UN'DULATE. v. To move as waves ; to move with intermission. L. 
 undulo : unda, a wave. 
 
 UNGUENT, s. Ointment. L. unguentum ; from unguo, or ungo, to 
 smear. 
 
 U'NICORN. s. A beast that has naturally only one horn. L. unicornis : 
 unus, one, and cornu, a horn. 
 
 U'NIFORM. adj. Similar to itself; preserving the same tenor; con- 
 forming to one rule ; acting in the same manner ; agreeing with each 
 other. L. unus, one, and forma, shape. 
 
 U'NION. s. Junction, so as out of two or more, to make one ; concord. 
 F. union; from the L. unus, one. 
 
 UNIP'AROUS. adj. Bringing forth one at a birth. L. unus, one, and 
 pario, to bring forth. 
 
 UNIQUE, adj. When we say a thing is unique, we mean that it is 
 the only thing of its kind. F. unique : L. unicus : unus, one. 
 
 U'NIT. s. One ; the least number, or the root of numbers. See 
 UNITY. 
 
 UNITARIAN, s. One who does not believe in the doctrine of the 
 trinity. L. unus, one. 
 
 UNI'TE. v. To join two or more, so as to make one; to act in con- 
 cert ; to be cemented, &e. See UNITY. 
 
 U'NITY. s. The state of being one ; concord ; conjunction ; uniform- 
 ity ; species of dramatic propriety. L. unitas : unus, one. 
 
 UNIVERSAL, adj. General; extending to all; total; whole; not 
 particular. L. universalis : unus, one, and versus, p. part, of verto, 
 to turn. 
 
 U'NIVERSE. s. The general system of things ; the whole creation. 
 See UNIVERSAL. 
 
 UNIVER'SITY. s. A college, incorporated for the education of youth, 
 in all the liberal arts, sciences, &c, and empowered to confer de- 
 grees. A university generally comprehends many colleges, as is 
 exemplified in those of Oxford and Cambridge, in England. L. uni. 
 versitas. See UNIVERSAL. 
 
 UNIVO'CAL. adj. Having one meaning ; certain ; regular. L. uni~ 
 vocus ; comp. of unus, one, and vox, (gen. vocis,) a voice. 
 
 URBANITY, s. Civility ; elegance ; politeness ; agreeableness. L. 
 urbanitas, a city life, civility, courtesy : urbs, a city. 
 
 URGE. v. To incite ; to push ; to drive ; to press by motives, or by 
 argument ; to enforce ; to importune or solicit. L. urgeo, to press on. 
 
 UR'GENT. adj. Inciting ; pressing ; importunate or solicitous. L. 
 urgens, part, of urgeo. See URGE. 
 
 URN. s. A water-pot, the mouth of which is narrower than the body; 
 a vessel of similar form, in which the remains of burned bodies were 
 deposited ; an ornament of the same shape. L. urna, a water- 
 pitcher. 
 
 268 
 
USA— VAG 
 
 U'SAGE. s. Custom ; long-continued practice ; treatment. F. usage : 
 L. vsus. See USE. 
 
 USE. s. Application to any purpose ; proper designation or instrumen- 
 tality ; agency ; help ; benefit ; practice, &c. L. usus ; from a part, 
 of utor, to use. 
 
 USH'ER. s. One whose business is to introduce strangers, or walk 
 before persons of high rank ; an under-teacher, or one who intro- 
 duces young scholars to higher learning. F. huissier ; from huis, a 
 door. 
 
 USTULA'TION. s. The roasting of ores, to separate the arsenic and 
 sulphur from the metal. L. ustulaius, p. part, of ustulo, (from uro,) 
 to burn. 
 
 U'SUFRUCT. s. Temporary use ; enjoyment of the profits, without 
 power to alienate. L. usus, use, and fructus, fruit. 
 
 USURP', v. To possess by force or intrusion ; to seize or possess with- 
 out right. L. usurpo, the frequentative form of ut or, to use. 
 
 U'SURY. s. Money paid for the use of money : interest ; the, practice 
 of taking interest. But the term usury, is now used only to denote 
 a higher rate of interest than is allowed by law, or the practice of 
 charging it. F. usure : L. usura ; from utor, to use. 
 
 UTENSIL, s. An instrument for use. F. utensile : L. utor, to use. 
 
 U'TERINE. adj. Relating or belonging to the womb. L. uterinus. 
 See UTERUS. 
 
 U'TERUS. s. The womb. L. 
 
 UTILE DUL'CI. The useful with the pleasant. L. 
 
 UTILTT Y. s. Usefulness ; profit ; convenience. L. utilitas : utor, to 
 use. 
 
 U'TI POSSIDETIS. A diplomatic phrase, used when two or more 
 states desire to make peace, on the terms that each shall retain the 
 possessions which it then holds: opposed to status quo ante bellum. 
 L. uli, as, possidetis, (from possideo,) you possess. 
 
 UXO'RIOUS. adj. Submissively fond of a wife ; infected with connu- 
 bial dotage. L. uxorius ; uxor, a wife. 
 
 V. 
 
 VA'CANT. adj. Empty; unoccupied; thoughtless; unintelligent. L. 
 vacans, part, of vaco, to be empty. 
 
 VACA'TE. v. To make vacant, or void ; to quit possession of. L. 
 vaco, to be empty. 
 
 VACA'TION. s. Recess from a place of business ; intermission of 
 stated employments. L. vacatio: vacatus, p. part, of vaco, to be 
 empty. 
 
 VACCINE, adj. Vaccine inoculation (an important substitute for the 
 variolus,) was perfected by Dr. Jenner of England, about the year 
 1800, and received its name from the infectious matter having been 
 first taken from the teats of cows. L. vacca, a cow. 
 
 VACUITY, s. Emptiness; space unfilled, or unoccupied; want of 
 reality. L. vacuitas. See VACUUM. 
 
 VACUUM, s. Space unoccupied by matter, or from which the atmo- 
 spheric air has been exhausted. L. from vaco, to be empty. 
 
 VAG'ABOND. adj. Wandering, without any settled habitation ; (al- 
 x» 261) 
 
VAG— VAS 
 
 ways, now, considered in a reproachful sense.) F. vagabond: L. 
 
 vagabundus : vagor, to wander. 
 VAGARY, s. A freak ; a capricious frolic. L. vagor, to wander. 
 VA'GRANT. adj. Wandering ; unsettled ; vagabond. L. vagor, to 
 
 wander. 
 VAGUE, adj. Unfixed ; unsettled ; undetermined ; indefinite. F. 
 
 vague : L. vagus : vagor, to wander. 
 VAIL. s. A curtain ; a cover. See VEIL. 
 VAIN. adj. Unreal; shadowy; showy; fond of admiration ; useless; 
 
 fruitless ; ineffectual, &c. F. vain : L. vanus, empty. 
 VALE. s. A valley ; a hollow between hills. L. vallis ; from vallo, to 
 
 enclose. 
 VALEDICTION, s. A farewell. L. vale, farewell, and dictio, a say- 
 
 ingf : dico, to speak. 
 VALEDICTORY, adj. Bidding farewell. See VALEDICTION. 
 VALETUDINARIAN, s. One who, through infirmity of body, is 
 
 compelled to nurse himself, in order to restore his constitution. L. 
 
 valetudo, health, or sickness. 
 VALIANT, adj. Strong ; brave. F. vaillant : L. valeo, to be strong. 
 VALTD. adj. Efficacious; convincing ; conclusive. L. validus ; from 
 
 valeo, to be strong. 
 VAL'LEY. s. A vale ; a hollow between hills. L. vallis : vallo, to 
 
 enclose. 
 VAL'OUR. s. Strength ; bravery. L. valor : valeo, to be strong. 
 VAL'UE. s. Price ; worth ; rate. F. value : valoir, to have worth : L. 
 
 valeo, to be strong. 
 VAN. s. The front division of an army or fleet. F. avant, before. 
 VANISH, v. To lose perceptible existence; to disappear; to pass 
 
 away. L. inceptive, vanesco ; from vanus, empty. 
 VAN'ITY. s. Emptiness ; fruitless endeavour ; vain pursuit ; presump- 
 tion ; idle show ; fondness of admiration. L. vanitas. See VAIN. 
 VANQUISH, v. To conquer. F. vaincre : L. vinco ; from vincio, to 
 
 bind. 
 VAPTD. adj. Spiritless ; having the spirit evaporated. L. vapidus. 
 
 See VAPOUR'. 
 VA'POUR. s. Fluid in an aeriform state ; steam. L. vapor. 
 VA'RL\NCE. s. Disagreement; discord; dissension. See VARY. 
 VA'RIEGATE. v. To diversify ; to stain with various colours. From 
 
 vary, with the addition of the L. verb ago, to make. 
 VARIETY, s. Change; difference; dissimilitude; deviation. L. va- 
 
 rietas. See VARY. 
 VARI'OLOID. s. A new species of disorder, resembling the small- 
 pox. L. variola ; from varus, a spot, and G. eidos, form. 
 VARIOUS, adj. Changeable; uncertain; different; several. L. va- 
 
 rius. See VARY. 
 VA'RY. v. To change ; to diversify ; to be changeable ; to deviate ; 
 
 to disagree. L. vario, to draw with, (or be of,) various colours : va- 
 rus, a spot. 
 VAS'CULAR. adj. Consisting of little vessels ; full of little vessels. 
 
 L. vasculum, dim. of vas, a vessel. 
 VASE. s. A domestic vessel, rather for show than use. F. vase : L. 
 
 vas, a vessel (of any kind, for domestic use.) 
 
 270 
 
VAS— VEN 
 
 VAS'SAL. s. One who holds of a superior lord ; a dependant ; one 
 
 who acts by the will of another. F. vassal : L. vas, a pledge, or 
 
 hostage. 
 VAST. adj. Very large ; very great ; immensely spacious. L. vastus, 
 
 waste, desolate, wide, huge, &c. 
 VATICINATION, s. Act of prophesying ; a foretelling. L. vaticu 
 
 natio ; from vates, a prophet. 
 VAUDE'VILLE. s. A ballad ; a musical drama. F. 
 VEAL. s. The flesh of a calf. F. veau : L. vitulus, a calf. 
 VEDETTE', s. A mounted sentinel, who observes the movements of 
 
 an enemy. F. vedette ; from the L. video, to see. 
 VE'GETABLE. s. Any thing that grows as a plant. L. vegetaoilis. 
 
 See VEGETATE. 
 VE'GETATE. v. To grow as plants ; to grow without sensation. L. 
 
 vegeto ; from vegeo, to be strong and healthy, to stir or move up. 
 VEHEMENT, adj. Violent ; forcible ; ardent. L. vehemens : veho, to 
 
 carry. 
 VE'HICLE. s. That in which any thing is carried ; that by means of 
 
 which any thing is conveyed. L. vekiculum : veho, to carry. 
 VEIL. s. A small curtain for concealing the face ; means of conceal- 
 ment ; a disguise. L. velum : velo, to cover. 
 VELOCIPEDE, s. A small carriage, driven by the feet. L. velox, 
 
 (gen. velocis,) swift, and pes, (gen. pedis,) a foot. 
 VELOCITY, s. Speed ; swiftness. L. velocitas : velox, swift : from 
 
 volo, (volare,) to fly. 
 VENAL, adj. Mercenary; prostitute. F. venal: L. venalis; from 
 
 veneo, to be sold. 
 VENAT'IC. adj. Used in hunting. L. venaticus : venatus, part, of 
 
 venor, to seek after, or hunt. 
 VEND. v. To sell. L. vendo, to sell. 
 
 VENDTBLE. adj. Saleable. L. vendibilis : vendo, to sell. 
 VENDITIONI EXPONAS. The name of a judicial writ, directing 
 
 a sheriff to sell certain property therein described. L. exponas, you 
 
 must expose, venditioni, to sale : expono, and venditio. 
 VEN' DUE. s. Public sale, generally by auction. F. from vendre : L. 
 
 vendo, to sell. 
 VEN'ENATE. v. To poison ; to infect with poison. L. veneno : G. 
 
 pheno, to kill. 
 VENERABLE, adj. To be regarded with awe; to be treated with 
 
 reverence ; deserving the highest degree of respect. L. venerabilis. 
 
 See VENERATE. 
 VEN'ERATE. v. To regard with awe ; to reverence. L. veneror, to 
 
 worship. 
 VENESECTION, s. Act of opening a vein ; blood-letting. L. vena, 
 
 a vein, and sectus, p. part, of seco, to cut. 
 VE'NIAL. adj. Pardonable; excusable; permitted. F. veniel : L. 
 
 venia, leave. 
 VENIRE FACIAS. The name of a judicial writ, by which a she- 
 riff is directed to summon a jury. L. facias, you must cause, [them,] 
 
 venire, to come : venio, and facio. 
 VEN'ISON. s. The flesh of deer. F. venaison: L. venor, to hunt. 
 VENOM, s. Poison. L. venenum. See VENENATE. 
 
 271 
 
VEN— VER 
 
 VENT. $. An aperture through which any thing comes out; emis. 
 
 sion ; passage, &c. L. ventum, sup. of venio, to come. 
 VENT. s. Sale. F. vente : L. venditio : venditus, part, of vendo, to sell. 
 VEN'TIDUCT. s. A passage for the wind. L. ventus, wind, and ductus, 
 
 a guidance 2#from the p. part, of duco, to lead. 
 VEN'TILATE. v. To cool or purify, by the admission of wind. L. 
 
 ventilo ; from ventus, wind. 
 VEN'TRAL. adj. Relating or belonging to the belly. L. venter, the 
 
 belly. 
 VEN'TRICLE. s. The stomach ; any small cavity in an animal body, 
 
 particularly of the heart. L. venlriculus, dim. of venter, the belly. 
 VENTRIL'OQUIST. s. One who pretends that he speaks from his 
 
 belly, but who has acquired the art of articulating his words without 
 
 using the proper organs of speech ; and can so modify his tones, as 
 
 to induce a belief that the sound issues from any place to which he 
 
 directs the attention of his auditors. L. venter, the belly, and loquor, 
 
 to speak. 
 VEN'TURE. s. A hazard ; an undertaking of chance and danger ; the 
 
 thing put to hazard, &c. F. avanture : L. venturus, (future part, of 
 
 venio,) about to come. 
 VERACITY, s. Moral truth ; honesty of report. L. veracis, gen. of 
 
 verax, true of speech. 
 VERB. s. A part of speech, defined as signifying " to be, to do, or to 
 
 suffer." L. verhvm, a word : thus, making the verb pre-eminent, as 
 
 being the radical, from which is formed the greater portion of the 
 
 other parts of speech. 
 VER'BAL. adj. Spoken ; not written ; oral ; consisting of mere words ; 
 
 referring to mere words, not to the matter or general style ; literal ; 
 
 having word corresponding to word ; derived from a verb. L. ver- 
 
 balls ; verbum, a word. See VERB. 
 VERB AT IM. Word for- word. L. from verbum, a word. 
 VERBATIM ET LITERATIM. Word for word, and letter for 
 
 letter ; without the smallest variation. L. adverbs, verbatim, word 
 
 for word, and literatim, letter for letter : verbum, a word, and litera, 
 
 a letter. 
 VER'BERATE. v. To beat ; to strike. L. verbero ; from verber, a 
 
 whip. 
 VERBO'SE. adj. Exuberant in words ; tedious, by a multiplicity of 
 
 words. L. verbosvs ; verbum, a word. 
 VER'DANT. adj. Green. F. verdoyant (formerly, verdoiant ;) L. viri- 
 
 dans ; vireo, to flourish, or to be green : vires, pi. of vis, strength. 
 VER'DERER. s. An officer of a forest. F. verdier : L. viridarium, a 
 
 green place, enclosed for beasts and fowls : from viridis, green. 
 VER'DITER. s. Chalk made green. F. verd, green, and terre, earth. 
 VER'DICT. s. The determination of a jury, declared to the judge ; de- 
 cision ; judgment. Law L. veredictum ; L. verum, neuter ofverus, 
 
 true, and dictum, a saying. 
 VER'DURE. s. Green ; green colour. F. verdure. See VERDANT. 
 VERGE, s. A rod, or something resembling it, carried as an emblem 
 
 of authority ; the mace of a dean. F. verge : L. virga, a rod. 
 VERGE, s. The brink ; the edge ; the utmost border. L. vergo, to 
 
 decline, or bend towards. 
 
 272 
 
VER— VER 
 
 VER'GER. s. He that carries the verge or mace before a dean. See 
 
 VERGE. 
 VERIFY, v. To confirm ; to prove true. F. verifier : L. verus, real, 
 
 or true, and facia, to make. 
 VERILY, adj. Truly ; certainly ; with great confidence. See VERY. 
 VERISIMILITUDE, s. Probability; resemblance of truth. L. veri. 
 
 similitudo ; comp. of veri, gen. of verum, truth, and similitudo, a 
 
 likeness. 
 VERITABLE, adj. True; in accordance with fact. F. veritable. 
 
 See VERITY. 
 VERTTY. s. Truth. L. Veritas : verus, real. 
 VERMICULAR, adj. Acting like a worm ; continued from one part 
 
 to another. L. vermiculus, dim. of vermis, a worm. 
 VER MICULE. s. A little worm. L. vermiculus, dim. of vermis, a 
 
 worm. 
 VERMIFORM, adj. Having the shape of a worm. L. vermis, a 
 
 worm, and forma, shape. 
 VERMIFUGE, s. A medicine for expelling or destroying worms. L. 
 
 vermis, a worm, and/wg-o, to drive away. 
 VER'MIN. s. Noxious animals ; a term used commonly in relation to 
 
 small creatures of a disagreeable or destructive nature. F. vermin : 
 
 L. vermis, a worm, grub, &c. 
 VERNACULAR, adj. Native; of one's own country. L. vernaculus ; 
 
 from verna, a bond-servant, or one born in the house. 
 VER'NAL. adj. Relating or pertaining to the spring of the year. L. 
 
 vernus : ver, the spring. 
 VER'SATILE. adj. Changeable; variable; easily applied to a new 
 
 task. L. versatilis : verso, to turn often : verto, to turn. 
 VERSE, s. Language restrained to harmonic sounds, or a regular 
 
 number of syllables ; a line of verse ; a portion of Scripture, con- 
 tained in one numerical division. This species of composition is 
 
 generally called poetry ; though, a poem is not always written in 
 
 verse, nor is verse always poetry, — which denotes an exertion of 
 
 genius, and a captivating display of originality. L. versus ; from 
 
 verto, to turn. See PROSE. 
 VERS'ED. adj. Skilled (in ;) acquainted (with.) L. verso, to turn 
 
 often, or consider : verto, to turn. 
 VER'SIFY. v. To make verses. F. versifier : L. versifico : comp. of 
 
 versus, a verse, and facio, to make. 
 VERSION, s. Translation. L. versio: versus, p. part, of verto, to 
 
 turn. 
 VERSUS, prep. Against. L. 
 VER'TEBRAL. adj. Relating to the joints of the spine. L. vertebra, 
 
 a turning joint in the body ; verto, to turn. 
 VER'TEX. s. The zenith, the point over head ; the top. L. vertex, 
 
 the top of any thing : verto, to turn. 
 VER'TICAL. adj. Placed in the zenith ; placed in a direction perpen- 
 dicular to the horizon. L. verticis, gen. of vertex. See VERTEX. 
 VERTIGINOUS, adj. Turning round ; rotary ; giddy. L. vertigi- 
 
 nosus : vertiginis, gen. of vertigo, turning round : from verto, to turn. 
 VER'TIGO. s. A giddiness, or sense of turning, in the head. L. from 
 
 verto, to turn. 
 
 273 
 
VER— VIC 
 
 VER' Y. adj. True ; real ; same or precise : adv. emphatically ; in a 
 high degree. Old F. veray, (modern, vrai,) true : L. versus, real. 
 
 VESICATE, v. To blister. L. vesica, a bladder, or (figuratively,) a 
 blister. 
 
 VESTCLE. s. A small cuticle, filled or inflated. L. vesicula, dim. of 
 vesica, a bladder. 
 
 VESICULAR, adj. In anatomy, hollow ; full of small interstices. See 
 VESICLE. 
 
 VES'PERS. s. Evening service of the Roman church. L. vesper, the 
 evening. 
 
 VEST. v. To dress ; to deck ; to enrobe ; to make possessor of; to 
 invest with ; to place under the authority of. L. vestio ; from vestis, 
 a garment. 
 
 VESTAL, adj. Consecrated to Vesta ; having virgin purity. L. ves- 
 talis. See the heathen mythology. 
 
 VESTTGE. s. Mark left behind in passing ; trace. L. vestigium, a 
 trace. 
 
 VEST'MENT. s. Garment; part of dress. L. vestimentum : vestis, a 
 garment. 
 
 VESTRY, s. A room, belonging to a church, in which the sacerdotal 
 garments, &c, are deposited ; a parochial assembly, usually convened 
 in the vestry-room ; an assembly of the elders and pew-holders of 
 any church. L. vestiarium, a wardrobe : vestis, a garment. 
 
 VEST'URE. s. Garment ; robe ; dress. Old F. vesture : L. vestis, a 
 garment. 
 
 VETERAN, adj. Long practised in war ; long experienced. L. vete. 
 ranus : veteris, gen. of vetus, old. 
 
 VE'TO. s. Refusal ; rejection; invested power or privilege of rejecting 
 or annulling. L. veto, I forbid. 
 
 VEX. v. To disturb ; to plague ; to lament ; to fret. L. vexo, to toss 
 up and down ; freq. from vexus, p. part, ofveho, to carry. 
 
 VIA. By the way of. L. abl. of via, a way. 
 
 VIANDS, s. Food ; meat dressed. F. viande, food. L. vivendo, ge- 
 rund, of vivo, to live. 
 
 VIATTCUM. s. Provision for a journey ; in the Roman church, the 
 last rites used to prepare the passing soul for its departure ; pecu- 
 niary compensation to a witness, for having come to a court of jus- 
 tice. L. from via, a way, and itus, a going : eo, to go. 
 
 VI'BRATE. v. To move backward and forward, or upward and down- 
 ward, with a quick motion ; to quiver. L. vibro, to shake. 
 
 VICAR, s. A substitute ; a clergyman of the episcopal church, in de- 
 gree below a rector. L. vicarius : vicis, stead, place. 
 
 VICARIOUS, adj. Deputed ; delegated ; acting in the place of an- 
 other. L. vicarius. See VICAR. 
 
 VICE. In the place of. L. abl. of vicis, stead, place. 
 
 VICE-ADMIRAL, s. The second, commander of a fleet ; an admiral 
 of the second rank. L. vice, in the place, (instead,) and admiral. 
 
 VICEGE'RENT. s. A lieutenant; one who possesses delegated power. 
 L. vice, in the place, (instead.) and gererts, part, of gero, to bear. 
 
 VI'CEROY. s. One who governs in place of a king, with regal autho- 
 rity. L. vice, in the place, (instead,) and F. roi, a king. 
 
 274 
 
VIC— VIN 
 
 VICINAGE, s. A neighbourhood ; places adjoining. L. vicinia ; from 
 
 vicus, a village. 
 VICIN'ITY. s. Nearness; state of being near; neighbourhood. L. 
 
 vicinitas. See VICINAGE. 
 VICIS'SITUDE. s. Change ; revolution. L. vicissitudo ; comp. of 
 
 vicis, change, stead, and ito, to go frequently : Hum, sup. of eo, to go. 
 VICTIM, s. A sacrifice ; something slain for a sacrifice ; something 
 
 destroyed. L. victima, a beast killed in sacrifice, for victory : viclus, 
 
 p. part, of vinco, to overcome. 
 VICTOR, s. Conqueror. L. from vinco, to conquer. 
 VICTUALS, s. Food. F. victuailles : L. victus, p. part, of vivo, to 
 
 live. 
 VI'DE. v. See. L. imper. of video, to see. 
 VIDELTCET, or its contraction, VIZ. That is; to wit; namely; 
 
 comp. of videre, infinitive of video, to see, and licet, it is lawful — you 
 
 may if you will, &c. 
 VI ET ARM' IS. By force and arms ; by a force not sanctioned by 
 
 law. L. abl. of vis, and arma. 
 VIEW. s. Prospect, sight, &c. F. vue : vu, past part voire : L. vi- 
 
 dere, (infin. of video,) to see. 
 VIGIL, s. Watch ; devotion performed in the customary hours of 
 
 rest ; a fast observed before a holiday, &c. L. vigil, a watchman. 
 VIGILANT, adj. Watchful; circumspect. L. vigilans, part, of vigilo : 
 
 vigil, a watchman. 
 VIG'OROUS. adj. Strong ; lively ; energetic ; full of strength and life. 
 
 See VIGOUR. 
 VIGOUR, s. Strength ; health ; energy. L. vigor ; from vigeo, to 
 
 flourish ; vi, (abl. of vis,) with strength, and agendo, abl. gerund of 
 
 ago, to do, or move. 
 VILE. adj. Worthless ; mean ; sordid ; base ; wicked. L. vilis, of no 
 
 value. 
 VILTFY. v. To debase ; to degrade ; to defame. L. vilis, of no value, 
 
 and/ado, to make. 
 VIL'LAGE. s. A small collection of houses in the country, less than 
 
 a town. F. village : L. villa, a country-house. 
 VIL'LAIN. s. This word, according to the present popular meaning, 
 
 has almost entirely changed its signification. It formerly denoted 
 
 one who held lands on very dependent conditions, under the feudal 
 
 system ; one who was bound to do any sort of service for his supe- 
 rior lord. It now signifies a base, wicked rogue. F. vilain : vil, 
 
 mean, contemptible; L. vilis ; or else, from villa, a village. Consult 
 
 Blackstone's Commentaries. 
 VIL'LANAGE. s. The state of that species of tenants formerly called 
 
 villains ; or the nature of their tenure. See VILLAIN. 
 VIL'LOUS. adj. Shaggy ; rough ; furry. L. villosus : villus, wool, or 
 
 hair. 
 VIMIN'EOUS. adj. Made of twigs. L. vimineus : vimen, a twig. 
 VIN'CIBLE. adj. Conquerable ; superable. L. vincibilis : vinco, to 
 
 conquer. 
 VINDICATE, v. To revenge ; to avenge ; to justify ; to support, or 
 
 maintain ; to assert ; to claim with efficacy. L. vindico : vi, (abl. 
 
 of vis,) with strength, and indico, to declare : in and dico. 
 
 275 
 
VIN— VIS 
 
 VINDICTIVE, adj. Revengeful. L. vindicta, vengeance. See VIN- 
 DICATE. 
 
 VIN'EGAR. s. Wine grown sour ; a vegetable acid, called acetous. 
 F. vinaigre : vin, wine, and aigre, sour : L. vinum, and acer. 
 
 VI'NOUS. adj. Having the qualities of wine ; relating to a species of 
 fermentation. L. vinosus : vinum, wine. 
 
 VIN'TAGE. s. Season of gathering the grapes, and making them into 
 wine. F. vin : L. vinum, wine. > 
 
 VINT'NER. s. One who sells wine. F. vin : L. vinum, wine. 
 
 VI'OLATE. v. To infringe ; to hurt; to injure, by irreverence or sa- 
 crilege ; to deflower. L. violo, to force : vi, abl. of vis, force. 
 
 VIOLENT, adj. Acting with great force ; produced or continued by 
 force; unseasonably vehement; outrageous. L. violentus : violo, to 
 force : vi, abl. of vis, force. 
 
 VI'PER. s. A serpent of that species which brings forth its young 
 alive. L. vivus, alive, and pario, to bring forth. 
 
 VIRA'GO. s. A blustering woman ; a woman with the qualities of a 
 man. L. vir, a man, and ago, to act. 
 
 VIRGO, s. One of the twelve signs of the zodiac. L. virgo, a 
 virgin. 
 
 VIRILITY, s. Manhood ; power of procreation. L. virilitas : vir, a 
 man. 
 
 VIR'TUAL. adj. Having the efficacy, without the material part ; hav- 
 ing the power, without the regular authority, of acting. F. virtuel : 
 L. virtus, force, faculty. 
 
 VIR'ULENT. adj. Poisonous ; venomous ; bitter ; malignant. L. vi- 
 rulentus. See VIRUS. 
 
 VIRUS, s. Infectious principle ; poison. L. 
 
 VIS' AGE. s. Countenance ; face. F. visage : L. visus : visus, (p. part. 
 of video,) seen. 
 
 VIS-A-VIS. s. A species of carriage, in which the passengers sit oppo- 
 site to each other. F. vis a vis, over against : visage, a face, a, 
 against, visage, a face. 
 
 VIS'CERA. s. The entrails. L. pi. of viscus, a bowel, or entrail. 
 
 VISCERATE, v. To disembowel. See VISCERA. 
 
 VIS'CID, or VIS'COUS. adj. Glutinous; sticky; tenacious. L. vis- 
 cidus : viscus, properly a species of shrub, which yields a glutinous 
 substance, called birdlime. 
 
 VISCOUNT, s. The term viscount, w T as formerly the French name 
 for sheriff, in England, as vicecomes, is now the Latin : vice, in the 
 place of, and comes, a count. The title of viscount, was first con- 
 ferred by Henry VI. without any office pertaining to it ; and now 
 signifies one of the order of nobility next below an earl. See COUNT. 
 
 VISIBLE, adj. Perceptible to the eye; apparent; open ; conspicuous. 
 L. visibilis. See VISION. 
 
 VIS INER'TIJE. In physics or mechanics, this is applied to the 
 power of a stationary body, resisting that which would set it in mo- 
 tion. In morals, it is a figurative application, and another name for 
 sluggishness, or indolence. L. vis, the power, inertia, (gen. of in- 
 ertia,) of lying still. 
 
 VISION, s. Sight ; the faculty of seeing ; a supernatural appearance ; 
 something shown in a dream ; a rhetorical figure, by which past 
 
 276 
 
VIS— voc 
 
 events are represented as present. F. vision : L. visio : visus, p. 
 part, of video, to see. 
 
 VIS'IONARY. adj. Affected by phantoms ; disposed to receive im- 
 pressions on the imagination; imaginary. F. visionaire. See 
 VISION. 
 
 VIS'IT. v. To go to see ; to be in the habit of mutual salutations at 
 the houses of each other ; (in scriptural language,) to send good or 
 evil judicially. L. visito, to go often to see : visum, sup. of video, to see. 
 
 VISIT A'TION. s. Formal or tedious visit ; judicial good or evil sent 
 by God. L. visito. See VISIT. 
 
 VI'SOR. s. A mask for disguising the face. See VISAGE. 
 
 VIS'TA. s. View through an open space, as between trees, &c. Ita- 
 lian ; from the L. visus, p. part, of video, to see. 
 
 VIS'UAL. adj. Relating or pertaining to the sight. F. visuel : L. vi- 
 sus, sight : from video, to see. 
 
 VI'TAL. adj. Contributing to life ; necessary to life ; relating to life ; 
 essential, &c. L. vitalis : vita, life. 
 
 VI'TALS. s. Parts essential to life. See VITAL. 
 
 VITIATE, v. To corrupt; to make less pure. L. vitio: vitium, 
 faultiness, or deformity. 
 
 VI'TIOUS, or VI'CIOUS. adj. Corrupt ; wicked ; prone to vice. L. 
 vitiosus ; from vitium, faultiness, deformity. 
 
 VIT'REOUS. adj. Consisting of glass; resembling glass. L. vit reus : 
 vitrum, glass. 
 
 VIT'RIFY. v. To become glass : to change into glass. F. vitrifier : 
 L. vitrum, glass, and facio, to make. 
 
 VIT'RIOL. s. This term, which refers to a glassy appearance, is no 
 longer used by chemists, but is superseded by that of sulphate : thus, 
 Roman or blue vitriol is called sulphate of copper ; and green vitriol, 
 or copperas, sulphate of iron. F. vitriol : L. vitrum, glass. 
 
 VIT'ULINE. adj. Belonging to a calf. L. vitulinus : vitulus, a male 
 calf. 
 
 VITUTERATE. v. To blame, or censure. L. vitupero, to blame. 
 
 VIVA'CIOUS. adj. Long-lived ; lively ; gay. L. vivacis, gen. of vivax : 
 from vivo, to live. 
 
 VIVA'CITY. s. Liveliness ; gayety ; sprightliness. F. vivacite : L. 
 vivacis, gen. of vivax, lively : vivo, to live. 
 
 VIVA VO'CE. By oral declaration or testimony, as opposed to 
 written. L. viva, by a living, voce, voice : abl. of vivus, and vox. 
 
 VIVID, adj. Lively ; striking ; sprightly ; active. L. vividus : vivo, 
 to live. 
 
 VIVIFY, v. To endue with life. F. vivifier : L. vivifico : vivus, alive, 
 and facio, to make. 
 
 VIVIP'AROUS. adj. Bringing forth the young alive : opposed to 
 oviparous. L. vivus, alive, and pario, to bring forth. 
 
 VIZ. See VIDELICET. 
 
 VI'ZOR. See VISOR. 
 
 VOCAB'ULARY. s. A sort of dictionary ; a glossary, or explanation 
 of obscure terms ; a stock of words. L. vocabularium : vocabulum, 
 a name : voco, to call. 
 
 VO'CAL. adj. Uttered by the voice ; intended for the voice. L. vocalis : 
 vocis, gen. of vox, the voice. 
 
 v 277 
 
VOC— VOM 
 
 VOCA'TION. s. A calling ; the employment to which any one is called 
 by the will of God. L. vocatio : vocatus, p. part, of voco, to call. 
 
 VOC' ATI VE. adj. Relating to the grammatical case used in calling 
 or speaking to. L. vocativus ; from voco, to call. 
 
 VOICE, s. Sound emitted by the mouth ; vote ; suffrage. F. voix : 
 L. vox ; from vocatus, p. part, of voco, to call. 
 
 VOID. adj. Empty; vacant; vacated; null; ineffectual. F. vuide: 
 L. viduus, bereft, deprived. 
 
 VOIR DIRE. A preliminary oath, administered to a witness, (veru 
 tatem dicere ;) to make true answers to such questions as the court 
 shall demand of him, to ascertain his competency, age, &c, previous 
 to his being sworn in chief, to testify as to the merits of the question. 
 Voire seems to be a Norman corruption of the L. verus, true ; dire, 
 is from the L. dicere, to say. 
 
 VO'LANT. adj. Flying ; passing through the air ; nimble. F. volant : 
 L. volans, part, of volo, (volare,) to fly. 
 
 VOL'ATILE. adj. Having the power to pass off by spontaneous eva- 
 poration ; overlively ; fickle ; of changeable mind. L. volatilis : volo, 
 (volare,) to fly. 
 
 VOLCANO, s. A burning mountain. Italian, from the heathen deity, 
 Vulcan, who is poetically related to have had his forge in Mount 
 iEtna, where his workmen, the Cyclops, made thunderbolts. 
 
 VOLI'TION. s. Will ; the act of willing ; the power of willing exerted. 
 L. volitio : volo, (velle,) to will, or be willing. 
 
 VOL'LEY. s. A flight of shot ; a discharge of many guns at once ; an 
 emission of many at once. F. volee : L. volo, (volare,) to fly. 
 
 VOL'TIGEUR, s. One of a kind of troops intended for rapid move- 
 ments. F. from the L. volito, (freq. of volo,) to fly about. 
 
 VOLUBIL'ITY. s. Act or power of rolling; activity or fluency (ap- 
 plied to the tongue, or speech.) L. volubilitas. See VOLUBLE. 
 
 VOL'UBLE. adj. Formed so as to roll easily, or be easily put in mo- 
 tion ; rolling ; moving quickly ; active or fluent, (applied to the 
 tongue, or speech. L. volubilis : volutus, p. part, of volvo, to roll. 
 
 VOL'UME. s. Something rolled, or convolved ; a book ; so called, be- 
 cause books were anciently rolled on a staff; circumference. L. 
 volumen ; volvo, to roll. 
 
 VOLUMINOUS, adj. Consisting of many volumes ; extensive ; co- 
 pious. See VOLUME. 
 
 VOL'UNTARY. adj. Acting by one's own will, not by compulsion, or 
 entreaty ; willing ; spontaneous. L. valuntarius ; volo, (velle,) to be 
 willing. 
 
 VOLUNTEER', s. One who enters upon any service of his own ac- 
 cord. F. volontaire. See VOLUNTARY. 
 
 VOLUP'TUOUS. adj. Freely indulging one's desires ; given to excess 
 of pleasure ; luxurious. L. voluptuosus ; voliiptas, pleasure : volo, 
 to wish. 
 
 VOLU'TE. s. That part of the capital of a column which is supposed 
 to represent the bark of trees twisted into spiral lines, or, according 
 to others, the long twisted hair of a female. F. volute : L. volutus, 
 p. part, of volvo, to roll. 
 
 VOM' IT. v. To throw up from the stomach ; to emit, as a volcano. L. 
 vomito, frequentative of vomo, to spew or cast up. 
 
 278 
 
VOR— WID 
 
 VORA'CIOUS. adj. Greedy to eat ; ravenous ; rapacious. L. vorax, 
 (gen. voracis :) from voro, to devour. 
 
 VOR'TEX. s. A whirlwind, or whirlpool; pi. vortexes. In the Carte- 
 sian philosophy, a system or collection of particles of matter, moving 
 the same way, and round the same axis ; pi. vortices. L. vortex ; 
 from verto, to turn. 
 
 VO'TARY. s. One devoted, as by a vow, to any particular service, 
 worship, study, or state of life. See VOTE. 
 
 VOTE. s. Suffrage ; wish expressed in favour of any person or thing. 
 L. votum ; votus, p. part, of voveo, to vow, or wish for. 
 
 VO'TIVE. adj. Given by vow. L. voiivus. See VOTE. 
 
 VOUCH, v. To vouch, in law, signifies to call upon a person to defend 
 a title to lands, which he is supposed to have warranted : it also sig- 
 nifies to bear witness, to warrant, &c. L. voco, to call. 
 
 VOW. v. To consecrate, by a solemn dedication ; to promise with so- 
 lemnity. F. vouer : L. voveo, to pray, or wish for. 
 
 VOWEL, s. A letter which can be fully sounded by itself. F. voyelle : 
 L. vocalis ; from vocis, gen. of vox, a voice, or sound. 
 
 VOX POP'ULI. The voice of the people. L. 
 
 VOY' AGE. s. A journey of discovery ; but, in general, a long passage 
 by sea : it is also used to express the ascension and passage of an 
 ffironaut. F. from voir, to see. 
 
 VUL'GAR. adj. Plebeian ; suiting or practised amongst the common 
 people ; (in relation to a language,) national : — also, mean ; un- 
 fashionable. L. vulgaris ; valgus, the common people. 
 
 VUL'NERABLE. adj. Susceptible of wounds ; liable to external in- 
 juries ; not impregnable. L. vulnerabilis ; vulnera, pi. of vulnus, a 
 wound. 
 
 VUL'NERARY. adj. Relating or belonging to wounds. L. vulnera- 
 rius ; vulneris, gen. of vulnus, a wound. 
 
 VULPINE, adj. Belonging to a fox. L. vulpinus ; vulpes, a fox. 
 
 W. 
 
 WARD. v. To guard ; to protect ; to fence off. s. guard ; act of guard- 
 ing ; district in a town ; custody ; that part of a lock, which, cor- 
 responding to the proper key, hinders, or guards it from being 
 opened by another ; one in the hands of a guardian, &c. F. garder, 
 to guard. 
 
 WAR'RANT. v. To support or maintain ; to attest ; to authorize ; to 
 justify; to secure. F. garaniir, to indemnify, or defend. See 
 GUARANTEE'. 
 
 WAR'RANT. s. A writ conferring some right or authority ; a secure, 
 inviolable grant; a justificatory commission; evidence. See the 
 verb. 
 
 WAR'REN. s. A kind of park for rabbits. F. garenne. See WARD. 
 WASTE, v. To destroy ; to diminish ; to consume, &c. L. vasto, to 
 
 destroy, or ravage. 
 WID'OW. s. A woman whose husband is dead. L. vidua ; from 
 
 viduus, bereft. 
 
 279 
 
ZEA-ZOO 
 
 ZEAL. s. Passionate ardour. L. zelus : G. zelos ; from zeo, to be hot. 
 
 ZEAL'OT. s. One passionately ardent in any cause : — generally used 
 in dispraise. G. zelotes. See ZEAL. 
 
 ZEAL'OUS. adj. Passionately ardent in any cause. See ZEAL. 
 
 ZEPH'YR. s. The west wind ; any calm, pleasing wind. L. zephyrus: 
 G. zephuros ; zoe, life, and phero, to bring. 
 
 ZE'RO. s. A term used to signify 0. In thermometers, the or zero 
 of Reaumur indicates the freezing point; but in the instruments 
 made according to Fahrenheit, the zero is 32 degrees below it. This 
 word is not in any English dictionary ; but, in the French, is ex- 
 plained as a cypher or nought. G. xeros, (vacuus,) void, vacant. 
 
 ZEUGMA, s. A figure in grammar, by which a verb, agreeing with 
 several nouns, or an adjective with several substantives, is referred 
 to one expressly, and understood before the rest: as, "lust overcame 
 shame, — boldness, fear, — and madness, reason." G. zeugma, a 
 joining. 
 
 ZODIAC, s. The track of the sun through the twelve signs, (the ram, 
 bull, &c. ;) a great circle of the sphere, representing the twelve signs. 
 L. zodiacus : G. zodiakos ; zodioa, (pi. of zodion,) living creatures : 
 zao, to live. 
 
 ZONE. s. A girdle ; a division of the earth, marked by an imaginary 
 girdle or circle. G. zone ; zonnuo, to gird. 
 
 ZO'OGO'NIA. s. The production of living creatures : pronounced 
 zo-ogonia. G. zoos, living, and gone, an offspring. 
 
 ZO'OG'RAPHY. s. A written description of animals : pronounced 
 zo-ography. G. zoos, living, and grapho, to write. 
 
 ZO'OL'OGY. s. That part of natural history which relates to animals : 
 pronounced zo-ology. G. zoos, living, and logos, a word, or descrip- 
 tion. 
 
 ZO'OPHYTE. s. A natural production, which partakes of the nature 
 of both a vegetable and animal : pronounced zo-ophyte. G. zoos, 
 living, and phuton, a plant. 
 
 ZO'OT'OMY. s. Dissection of the bodies of animals : pronounced zo- 
 otomy. G. zoos, living, and temno, to cut. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 280 
 
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 " After a careful examination of this book, we can conscientiously recommend 
 it to parents and teachers as a most meritorious performance. There are here 
 collected, within a narrow compass, the most striking examples of individual virtue 
 and vice which are spread forth on the pages of history, or are recorded in per- 
 sonal biography. The noblest precepts are recommended for the guidance ol 
 youth; and in the most impressive manner is he taught to conquer the degrading 
 impulses which lower the standard of the human character. We have not lately 
 met with a volume which, in design and execution, seemed so acceptable as this. 
 The book, moreover, is handsomely got up, and illustrated with wood engrav. 
 ings." 
 
 THE GLEMYMAN'S ASSISTANT. 
 
 Or, Guide in Reading the Liturgy; containing Directions for Reading Cor- 
 rectly with the Pronunciation. By Rev. W. H. Odenheimer ; of Phila* 
 delphia. 
 
LIFE OF PAUL JONES. 
 
 In one vol. 12mo., with 100 Illustrations. 
 
 •* Life of Rear Admiral John Paul Jones," &c. &c, by James Hamilton. The 
 work is compiled from his original journals and correspondence; and includes an 
 account of his services in the American Revolution, and in the war between the 
 Russians and Turks in the Black Sea. There is scarcely any Naval Hero of any 
 age who combined in his character so much of the adventurous, skilful and daring, 
 as Paul Jones. The incidents of his life are almost as startling and absorbing as 
 those of romance. His achievements during the American Revolution — the fight 
 between the Bon Homme Richard and Serapis, the most desperate naval action on 
 record, and the alarm into which, with so small a force, he threw the coasts of 
 England and Scotland, are matters comparatively well known to Americans; but 
 the incidents of his subsequent career have been veiled in obscurity, which is dis- 
 sipated by this Biography. A book like this, narrating the actions of such a man, 
 ought to meet with an extensive sale, and become as popular as Robinson Crusoe 
 in fiction, or Weems' Life of Marion and Washington, and similar books in fact. 
 It contains 400 pages — has a handsome portrait and medallion likeness of Jones, 
 and is illustrated with numerous original wood engravings of naval scenes and 
 distinguished men with whom he was familiar. 
 
 L. G. Curtis, Esq., editor of The Commercial, Cincinnati, 0hio, speaking of this 
 work, &c, observes: — " Life of Rear Admiral Paul Jones, illustrated with nume- 
 rous engravings from original drawings." This book we prize above any in our 
 possession. John Paul Jones was truly an extraordinary man. He had the honor 
 to hoist with his own hands the flag of freedom, the first time it was displayed in 
 the Delaware, and in after life declared that he attended it with veneration ever 
 after. To Paul Jones the honor of raising up an American navy belongs. He was 
 the first commander in the world who made the proud flag of England "come 
 down." His life, as printed by Messrs. Grigg, Elliot & Co., should be in the 
 hands of every intelligent American. 
 
 WALKER'S SCHOOL AND FAMILY GIOTIOHARIT. 
 
 NEW EDITION. 
 
 FROM NEW STEREOTYPE PLATES, GREATLY IMPROVED, AND PRINTED 
 ON WHITE PAPER. 
 
 A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Expositor of the English language, 
 in which the meaning of every word is explained, and the sound of 
 every syllable distinctly shown. To which are prefixed an Abstract of 
 English Pronunciation, and Directions to Foreigners for Acquiring a 
 Knowledge of the Use of this Dictionary. By John Walker, author of 
 "Elements of Elocution,' 7 "Rhyming Dictionary," &c. &c. Abridged 
 for the use of Schools, by an American Citizen. 
 
 P. S. This is a new edition, on fine paper, and improved in printing and bind- 
 ing. Parents and Teachers will please examine and order Grigg, Elliot & Co.'s 
 Improved Edition. 
 
 An eminent writer, and a good judge of the value of Dictionaries, observes ac 
 follows: — 
 
 We have received from the publishers, Messrs. Grigg, Elliot & Co., No. 14 
 North Fourth Street, a copy of their new and handsome edition of Walker's Criti- 
 cal Pronouncing Dictionary for Schools. The present edition is decidedly the 
 best and most convenient we have ever seen, both in regard to the size of the 
 type on which it is printed, and the style and form in which it is issued. It has been 
 "got up" in a handsome and substantial manner, expressly for schools — has been 
 greatly improved and made better in every respect for teachers and scholars. Ail 
 teachers who have any regard for their eyes and the eyes of their scholars, would 
 find it to their advantage to use this edition, printed as it is from new stereotype 
 plates and on clean white paper. The edition is for salo by booksellers and coun- 
 try merchants generally throughout the United States. 
 
 7 
 
BOLLES' PHONOGRAPHIC PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY. 
 
 IN ONE VOL. ROYAL 8VO. 
 
 This valuable work has met with the most favorable reception from the Ameri- 
 can public. It contains more words than the Svo. edition of Webster, and has the 
 pronunciation attached according to the best authorities, which is a very import- 
 ant addition, and renders the work much more desirable for general use and 
 reference than of any of the large dictionaries now in use. No man of business 
 or family should be without this valuable Dictionary. 
 
 The same work abridged, in 1 vol. 12mo., we have just published also, which 
 will be found an invaluable class book for academies, seminaries, and higher order 
 of schools, as well as an important companion to the education of every young 
 person. 
 
 BIGLAND'S NATURAL HISTORY 
 
 Of Animals, Birds, Fishes, Reptiles and Insects, illustrated with nume- 
 rous and beautiful engravings. By John Bigland, author of a " View 
 of the World," "Letters on Universal History," &c. Complete in i 
 vol. 12mo. 
 frCT This work is particularly adapted for the use of Schools and Families, 
 
 forming the most elegantly written and complete work on the subject of Natural 
 
 History ever published, and is worthy of the special attention of the teachers of 
 
 all our schools and academies. 
 
 BIGLAND'S NATURAL HISTORY OF ANIMALS 
 
 Illustrated with 12 beautifully colored engravings. 
 
 BIGLAND'S HISTORY OF BIRDS. 
 Illustrated with 12 beautifully colored engravings 
 
 IMUBSHJ^o Jl MSffl(SIBniPffln®BJ ®IFo 
 
 By Shoberl, with 12 colored plates. 
 These works are got up in a very superior style, and well deserve an introduc- 
 tion to the shelves of every family library, as they are very interesting, and par- 
 ticularly adapted to the juvenile class of readers. 
 
 GRIfflSHAW'S POPULAR HISTORIES, 
 
 FOR SCHOOLS AND FAMILY LIBRARIES, 
 
 GRIMSHAW'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 Recently brought up by the author to the present time. 
 Also, Questions adapted to the above History; and a Key, adapted to the 
 Questions, for the use of Teachers and Families. 
 
 GRIMSHAW-'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Recently brought up by the author to the present time. 
 Also, Questions adapted* to the above History; and a Key, adapted to the 
 Questions, for the use of Teachers and Families. . 
 
 GRIMSHAW'S IMPROVED EDITION OF GOLDSMITH'S HISTOKV 
 OF GREECE, 
 
 With a Vocabulary of the Proper Names contained in the work, and the 
 Prosodial Accents, in conformity with the Pronunciation of Lempriere 
 
 Also, Questions adapted to the above History; and a Key, adapted to the 
 Questions, for the use of Teachers and Families, 
 8 
 
GRIMSHAW'S IMPROVED EDITION OF GOLDSMITH'S HISTORY 
 
 OF ROME. 
 
 Revised and Corrected ; and a Vocabulary of Proper Names appended) 
 with Prosodial Marks to assist in their Pronunciation. 
 
 Also, Questions adapted to the above History; and a Key, adapted to the 
 Questions, for the use of Teachers and Families. 
 
 GRIMSHAW'S HISTORY OF FRANCE, with Key and Questions. 
 GRIMSHAW'S HISTORY AND LIFE OF NAPOLEON. 
 
 The editor of the North American Review, speaking of these Histories, ob- 
 serves, that — 
 
 Among the Elementary Books of American History, we do not remember to 
 have seen any one more deserving approbation than Mr. Grimshaw's History of 
 the United States. It is a small volume, and a great deal of matter is brought 
 into a narrow space; but the author has succeeded so well in the construction of 
 his periods, and the arrangement 6f his materials, that perspicuity is rarely sacri- 
 ficed to brevity. 
 
 The chain of narrative is skilfully preserved ; and the author's reflections are 
 frequently such as to make the facts more impressive, and lead the youthful mind 
 to observe causes and consequences which might otherwise have been overlooked. 
 As a school book it may justly be recommended. 
 
 What has been said of this volume will apply generally to his other historical 
 works. They are each nearly of the same size as the one just noticed, and de- 
 signed for the same object, that is, the use of classes in schools. 
 
 The History of England is an original composition; but the Grecian and Roman 
 Histories are Goldsmith's, improved by Grimshavv, in which he has corrected the 
 typographical errors with which the later editions of Goldsmith's Abridgements 
 so much abound ; and removed any grossness in language, which, in some few 
 instances, render these valuable compends less useful in the schools to which 
 youth of both sexes resort. He has also added a Vocabulary of Proper Names, 
 accentuated, in order to show their right pronunciation, which is a valuable ap- 
 pendage to the History. 
 
 All these .books are accompanied with very full and well-digested Tables of 
 Questions, for the benefit of Pupils, and also with Keys to the same, for the con- 
 venience of Teachers. 
 
 GRIMSHAWS LADIES' LEXICON, 
 And Parlor Companion; containing nearly every word in the English 
 language, and exhibiting the plurals of nouns and the participles of 
 verbs; being also particularly adapted to the use of Academies and 
 Schools. By William Grimshaw, Esq. 
 
 In the Nashville Republican, we observe the following notice of this very useful 
 book: — 
 
 In recommending the " Ladies' Lexicon," therefore, to all our readers, male 
 and female, who ha've ever experienced the difficulties which it is so admirably 
 calculated to remedy, we but do an ordinary act of justice to the author and pub- 
 lisher. We consider the "Ladies' Lexicon," and recommend it to our readers as 
 a work that possesses superior claims on their attention and patronage. 
 
 THE GENTLEMEN'S LEXICON. 
 Or, Pocket Dictionary: containing nearly every word in the English lan- 
 guage, and exhibiting the plurals of nouns and the participles "of verbs; 
 being also particularly adapted to the use of Academies and Schools. 
 By William Grimshaw. 
 
 The public are again indebted to the talents of Mr. Grimshaw, for the very use- 
 ful books which he has called "The Ladies' and Gentlemen's Lexicons." The 
 peculiarity and advantages of these works maybe collected from the following 
 portion of the preface: — 
 
 9 
 
They differ from all preceding works of the kind in this, that they exhibit the 
 plurals of all nouns which are not formed by the mere addition of the letters, 
 and also the participles of every verb now generally used, and unless accompa- 
 nied by a particular caution. No word has been admitted which is not now of 
 polite or popular use; and no word has been excluded which is required either in 
 epistolatory composition or conversation. 
 
 In giving the above extracts we take occasion to say, that teachers will find the 
 " Ladies' and Gentlemen-s Lexicons" works admirably adapted to take the place, 
 with advantage to their pupils, of the different works recently put into their hands 
 under the name of Expositors, &c. 
 
 ftCr The above work has been introduced as a Classbook into many of our 
 academies and schools, with great approbation. 
 
 Ruschenberger's First Books of Natural History. 
 
 FOR SCHOOLS, ACADEMIES, COLLEGES, AND FAMILIES. 
 
 DR. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF ANATOMY AND 
 
 PHYSIOLOGY. 
 
 For the use of Schools and Families; with 45 illustrations. 1 vol. 12mo. 
 
 This is a most valuable work, by Dr. Ruschenberger: and most admirably are 
 the plates, representing all the different parts of the body, done. It is cheap 
 and every parent should place one in the hands of his children. — N. Y. Herald. 
 
 DR. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF MAMMALOGY. 
 The Natural History of Quadrupeds; for beginners; 75 illustrations. 1 
 
 vol. 12 mo. 
 
 This number treats of all animals that in infancy feed on the milk of their 
 mothers, from the human being down to the musquito-catching bat. Like the 
 Ci First Book," it is divided into Questions and Answers, and a Glossary; and is 
 illustrated by six plates. It is very cheap ; and contains an abundance of useful 
 information. There are thousands of persons in this country, and millions in 
 Europe, who do not know that whales give milk. — New York Era. 
 
 We do not know a more useful set than this promises to be — and IS. — New York 
 Aurora. 
 
 DR. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF ORNITHOLOGY. 
 
 The Natural History of Birds; for beginners; 81 illustrations. 1 vol. 12mo. 
 
 New York, Feb. 9, 1846. 
 
 Sir — I have received your note of the 3d instant, together with the " Elements 
 of Ornithology," prepared for the use of Schools and Colleges, by W. S. W. 
 Ruschenberger, M. D., &c, and have read the work, in compliance with the re- 
 quest of the American Institute, that I should examine and report upon it. 
 
 I have great pleasure in highly recommending it. To say the truth, although I 
 am somewhat blanched by the hand of time, and have many years been a student 
 of Ornithology, I consider the present the very best introduction to that science 
 that I have ever seen ; and I might add as full praise to the other works of the 
 series of Ruschenberger's text- books of Natural History, as far as I am acquainted 
 with the subjects they relate to. 
 
 Dr. Ruschenberger has, in giving this series to the public, rendered a benefit to 
 all seekers after science, as both old and young may profit by the well-arranged 
 and valuable information these volumes contain. Your obedient servant, 
 
 To H. Meigs, Esq., JOHN J. AUDUBON. 
 
 Recording Secretary of the American Institute, New York City. 
 
 We wish we could induce our teachers generally to examine this, as well as the 
 earlier works of Dr. Ruschenberger; they are admirably arranged, and just the 
 very books needed for schools. The work before us, on the Natural History of 
 Birds, is an admirable one; and no teacher should neglect to introduce the series. 
 
 Cincinnati Gazette. 
 10 
 
We have much pleasure in commending this series of works — the third of 
 which, now before us, is on Ornithology. It will be found useful in the school- 
 room, or the private study. — U. S. Gazette. 
 
 DR. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF HERPETOLOGY AND 
 ICHTHYOLOGY. 
 
 The Natural History of Reptiles and Fishes- for beginners; 66 illustra- 
 tions. 1 vol. 12mo. 
 
 Ruschenberger's Series of Books on Natural History are among the most valu- 
 able and useful works, for the use of Schools, that have ever been published. A 
 knowledge of Natural History is not only valuable, but deeply interesting ; and no 
 one's education can, with such facilities as these works afford, be considered com- 
 plete without it. — National Intelligencer. 
 
 DR. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF CONCHOLOGY. 
 
 The Natural History of Shells and Mollusca; for beginners; 119 illustra- 
 tions. 1 vol. 12mo. 
 
 " We have no hand-books equal to these ; and we think Dr. E,. has conferred 
 an obligation upon teachers and learners by producing them in an English dress, 
 with all the advantages of well-engraved illustrations. The whole set of this 
 work, which is furnished at a low price, will prove an invaluable acquisition to the 
 school library." 
 
 DR. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 The Natural History of Insects ; for beginners ; 9 1 illustrations. 1 vol. 12mo. 
 
 The subjects are well treated; and from the exceeding cheapness and admirable 
 arrangement of these elementary works, they are well fitted for general use in 
 Public Schools, Academies, and in every private library. — New York American. 
 
 DR. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. 
 
 The Natural History of Plants; for beginners; 194 illustrations. 1 vol. 
 12mo. 
 
 We do not hesitate to say, that this is the best work of the kind and dimensions 
 that has ever fallen under our notice. We hope all will embrace the first oppor- 
 tunity of procuring a copy, as we are sure they will prize it highly. — Botanic 
 Recorder. 
 
 We regard this series as eminently useful, supplying adequately the instruction 
 in Natural History necessary to a proper school education.— Nort h American. 
 
 DR. RUSCHENBERGER'S ELEMENTS OF GEOLOGY. 
 
 The Natural History of the Earth's Structure; for beginners; illustrated 
 with 300 beautiful Wood-cuts, designed to assist the learner in the 
 course of his studies. 1 vol. 12mo. 
 
 "We agree with a competent judge in the opinion, that it is the most complete 
 and beautiful Elementary Treatise on the subject which has been published in this 
 country. The subject of Geology is now attracting a great deal, and will continue 
 to excite still more attention in the United States, as our vast mineral resources 
 are becoming more fully developed; and this work exactly suits the wants of the 
 public, in training up the young for future study in this branch of knowledge." 
 
 The series of books of which this forms a part has been highly and justly com- 
 mended by the ablest judges, as furnishing rare facilities for the acquisition of 
 branches of knowledge, but too much neglected in our schools. We have ex- 
 amined the volumes with much care, and we find them well deserving all the 
 praise bestowed on them. — Godey's Lady's Book. 
 
 11 
 
« e The above series, taken separately or collectively, is considered one of the 
 most valuable contributions to the cause of education which has ever been pub- 
 lished in this country." 
 
 This interesting Series of Books has already met with the most flattering recep- 
 tion from the American press. They have been introduced into the public schools 
 of Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Ohio, Maine, New York, Tennessee, Alabama, 
 Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, the Carolinas, &c, and many of the first class Semi- 
 naries of Learning in the United States. The moderate price of this series is a 
 great recommendation, being half the price of the common school books in use, 
 on the same subject. 
 
 Yale College, Bee. 19, 1845. 
 
 I think this an excellent work — condensed, lucid, exact, and comprehensive — a 
 safe guide for the pupil, and a useful review for the teacher. The illustrations 
 are numerous and exact. B. SILLIMAN. 
 
 Extract of a Report to the American Institute. 
 
 Your committee with much pleasure recommend this highly valuable book to 
 the attention of those who conduct our Schools, Academies, and Colleges, as a 
 work excellently calculated to give the first outlines of the very important study 
 of Geology to students. Nor do we hesitate to say, that all men, except learned 
 Geologists alone, will feel, after its perusal, that they have received a great re- 
 ward for a very small expense of time and money. JAMES J. MAPES. 
 
 GRIGG & ELLIOT'S NEW SERIES OP 
 
 COMMON SCHOOL READERS, 
 
 Numbers First, Second, Third and Fourth. 
 
 These books are particularly adapted for an introduction into the Schools gene- 
 rally in the South and West; and Teachers who feel a deep interest in promoting 
 the welfare of their pupils, will, no doubt, after a careful examination, give them 
 the preference over all other Readers now in use. 
 
 Parents and Teachers will please read the following notice of this invaluable 
 series of Elementary School Books. 
 
 We called attention to the above-named series of Common School books several weeks 
 since, when publishing an advertisement for the sale of them by some of our merchants. 
 Since that time we have had opportunity to give them a thorough examination, and we 
 feel it due to the community in which we live, and the proprietors of those interesting pub- 
 lications, to notice them more particularly. They certainly contribute a valuable addition 
 to our stock of elementary literature; in their plan and details presenting an intimate 
 acquaintance with the necessities that demanded their production, and developing, in their 
 prosecution, a wisdom and zeal in adapting the material at hand to the attainment of the 
 object in view, every way worthy of commendation and confidence. 
 
 The First Class reader is exactly such a book as would interest and impress the minds 
 and hearts of little boys and girls. Composed of short and easy words, embodying plea- 
 sant and profitable instruction, it is just the thing for infant learners, who find in it such 
 words as they can readily pronounce, and such ideas as they can easily comprehend. In 
 the Second and Third Class Readers the style increases in the intricacy of diction and the 
 elevation of sentiment, in beautiful consistency with the progress of attentive and studious 
 pupils, in the more advanced stages of primary school education. The Fourth Class 
 Reader is an invaluable compendium of deeply interesting and instructive facts, argu- 
 ments and inferences, drawn from that unfailing repository of truth, the history of the men 
 and manners of by-gone times. It is a reprint of the " Beauties of History," consisting of 
 anecdotes of men and women made illustrious by the splendor of their talents and virtues, 
 or rendered eternally infamous by the vileness of their characters and crimes. It is, there- 
 fore, a fit companion for those who are completing their term of study, preparatory to 
 entering the great arena of life ; inviting and encouraging them by the bright example of 
 the good, to walk in wisdom's narrow path, and warning them, by the wretchedness and 
 ruin of the vicious, from entering the broad road of sin and death. 
 
 After the table of contents of the Second Reader, is a chapter giving directions for the 
 attainment of a correct and elegant style of reading, the great importance of which all 
 know the value of, but few attain. For the truth of these remarks, we refer to the book? 
 themselves. 
 
 *** Public, private and social libraries, and all who purchase to sell again, supplied or 
 the most reasonable terms with every article in the Book and Stationery line ; including 
 new novels, and all new works in every department of literature and science. 
 
 f£7=* Particular attention will also be paid to all orders, through country merchants, or 
 by mail, for Law, Medical and Miscellaneous Books, for public and private libraries, an<? 
 so effort will be spared to complete all such orders on the most reasonable terms. 
 
 U