(lass. F\Z% Book. .£ •/I 564 \$ I . gNEW YORK STANDARD GUIDE 1917 This is a New and Complete Handbooks New York.. With 100 Views Slcyline Panorama Up to Date Map and Street Directory. For Visitors and Residents. The Jtandard Guide has helped thousands to see New York, intelligently, it will help you. &ge FOSTER & REYNOLD$_CoAhlw!T^ NEVYORK STANDARD .GUIDE ,ASHINGlO„ STANDARD^ A PMCTtCAt guide to the I IBP,\I>.Y CAPITOL TPEA5LRV WHITE WOUSE .""ALL PUBLIC BUILDINGS: THE NONUMENT It's all in the STANDARD GUIDE *EAS0COAS¥*> ,, v [ififiS NASSAU,,, < Books That Have Helped Thousands The Standard Guides, published by Foster & Reynolds, hold an unique place among travel handbooks. Intelligently written and profusely illustrated, they have been of practical assistance to thousands, and are indispensable to one who would see with appreciation the places they describe. A Standard Guide is the best traveling companion. The series comprises the following : Standard Guide to the Florida East Coast and Nassau.— 100 pages, 100 pictures, with large map of Florida. 25 cents. Practical Guide to the Library of Congress.— 38 pages, with 72 key-pictures and other illus- trations. 10 cents. Standard Guide to Mackinac Island and North- ern Lake Resorts.— Describes the natural ob- jects and gives the legends which cling about them. The romantic history of the island is told. Fifty illustrations. 25 cents. New York Standard Guide.— a new and com- plete handbook for visitors to New York and for New Yorkers. Describes and illustrates the Sky- scrapers, Subways, Wall Street, Trinity Church, Brooklyn Bridge, Fifth Avenue, Central Park, Grant'sTomb and other salient features of the city of today. 90 pictures, 25 cents. Washington Standard Guide.— Describes in de- tail the Capitol, Library of Congress, Washington Monument, White House and Departments, Ar- lington and Mount Vernon. 200 illustrations and large map, 25 cents. (Cloth, $1.00. ) Standard Guide to Havana.— A prac- tical handbook for visitors. It gives defi- nite and complete information about travel and the ways of living. The town's romantic history is concisely told. The manual of English-Spanish conversation meets practical requirements. If one | shall make the Standard Guide a com- | panion in Havana, it will contribute to I the economy, convenience and pleasure * of a visit. 25 cents. (Cloth, 50 cents.) Standard Guide to Cuba.— A new, complete and thoroughly practical hand- book of the island, with map and a Span- ish-English manual of conversation. 110 | illustrations. 50cents. (Cloth, $1.00.) Sold everywhere Sent postpaid on receipt of price by the FOSTER & REYNOLDS CO. Standard Guib. 1 Madison Avenue New York The office of the Standard Guide is on the 28th floor of he Metropolitan Tower. 1 Just above the clock. METROPOLITAN TOWER. STATUE OF GENERAL SHERMAN. By A. St. Gaudens. The Plaza, Fifth Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street. NEW YORK THE METROPOLIS OF THE WESTERN WORLD With 90 Illustrations from Photographs NEW YORK: THE F< ISTER & kl YXOLDS CO. ,«£" BROOKLYN BRIDGE — MANHATTAN TOWER. Contents. See full index in back New York Skyscrapers 9 The New York and Brooklyn Bridge 20 Battery Park 26 The Statue of Liberty 3 2 The Produce Exchange 34 Customs House 36 Bowling Green 39 Trinity Church 40 Wall Street 4" St. Paul's Chapel 54 City Hall Park 59 Grace Church 65 I n ion Square 67 Madison Square 68 The Madison Square Garden 72 The Appei i \tk ( m rt I [ouse 75 Fifth Avenue 77 Central Park 9 2 Metropolitan Museum of Art 100 Herald and Times Squares 106 Riverside Drive 109 Grant's Tomb 112 morningside heights il6 The Harlem River and Beyond 120 Bron x Park 124 Van Cortlandt Park 125 The Subway 126 Tunnels and Terminals 129 Here and There in New York 132 Ss new York tbc metropolis. The City of New York is the most marvelous exemplifica- tion of those traits of the American people which have made ihe United States of to-day. Interest in New Vork does not lie in the mere magnitude of the city, but is found rather in the boundless enterprise, the hold conception and the amazing achievement, which have reared the mighty fabric of the Metropolis. The theme is one which might well challenge Lhe pen of him who would celebrate the America of the beginning of the Twentieth ( !entury. In describing New York none other than the superlatives will suffice. It is in area the largesl city in the world, and in population is exceeded onl) l>\ one. The boroughs are linked together with the greatesl of suspension bridges, and pierced throughout their length and breadth by the most extensive of subway systems. Broadway extending from the Battery north to Yonkers is the longest streel in the world. The sys win of parks is the largesl and costliesl in extent and in the sums devoted to maintain them unapproached in America or Europe. The gigantic office buildings of the business districts are among the modern wonders of the world: there are none to compare with them; their foundations are sunk deeper toward the center of the earth, their summits are uplifted higher toward the heavens. The largest steamships afloat make New York their port, and from the deck of the incoming ship the world-traveler beholds the towering bulk of Manhat- tan with amazement. The superb mansions of upper Fifth 8 NEW YORK. Avenue and Riverside Drive are among the most luxurious of the dwellings of man, as these streets are the grandest of residential avenues. The city's hotels and apartment houses are peerless in size and appointment; and each year witness their development, story added to story, luxury to luxury, magnificence to magnificence. The building operations char- acteristic of the day are audacious in their magnitude and in the engineering problems they involve. The statistics which express the activities of the Metropolis are in figures which are incomprehensible. The Post Office handles an average of 10,000,000 pieces of mail matter every twenty-four hours, and the city contributes $12,000,000 annually to the postal revenues. The surface cars carry 452,- 000,000 passengers in a year. On the floor of the New York Stock Exchange more than 3,000,000 shares of stock have changed hands in a single day. The banks of New York lead the world in volume of clearings. New York is the financial center of the world. Great and surpassing as the city is, each year adds to its material greatness and commanding influence. Underground railroads, viaducts, bridges, tunnels, terminals, and piers ; the Concourse of the Bronx to cost $12,000,000, the $4,000,000 Public Library on Fifth Avenue, the new Stock Exchange, Chamber of Commerce, Custom Plouse and Hall of Records; the new Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Cathedral of St. John the Divine — this is to name only some of the more con- spicuous features of the growing and expanding city of the present, the Metropolis of America, from which is emerging that city of the future which shall be the Metropolis of the World. ' PDotofirapD eopyriflM notice. The illustrations in this book are mainly, unless otherwise noted, from photographs copyrighted by Messrs. Geo. P. Hall & Son, of New York, and may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright owners neu 1 Vork Skyscrapers. When wc approach New York by river or bay, we sec in the view of the high buildings of Manhattan Island a picture winch lias no parallel in the cities of the world. Our firsl impression of the height ami magnitude of these architectural marvels is strengthened as we wander through the downtown streets, and passing from one shadowy canon into another make our way between the tremendous cliffs. The skyscrapers of New York constitute one of the most impressive and interesting features of the city. The high building is distinctly a modern and wholly American creation. It has grown out of the concentration of business and the ever-insistent demand for business office room in the closely congested business centers. The skyscraper provides business opportunity fur a thousand, two thou- sand, three thousand, where without it there would be room only for as many hundreds. Two factors have made it possible — the passenger eleva- tor, which gives immediate access to the upper stories, and the steel cage system of construction, which enables the architect to design his building of any desired height. The steel cage is a framework of steel beams, bolted together with hot rivets. In efTect it is a bridge set on end. The walls are simply weather shields, fastened to it. Under the old system the walls supported the floors ; in the new buildings, the walls serve merely as cur- tains to shut out the weather, and are themselves supported by girders which project at the levels of the floors. The steel frame goes up first, and the walls are put on afterwards; sometimes the upper stories are walled in before the lower ones. Under the old system of supporting walls, build- ings were limited to eight or ten stories ; the steel cage goes up twenty and forty stories, and the architects tell us that there are no mechanical obstacles to buildings of ioo stories. The steel cage system, moreover, has reduced the cost of construction from $5 a cubic foot under the old methods to thirty-seven cents under the new. With steel beams and steel ceiling arches, concrete floors and stone and metal stairways, the structures are considered to be fireproof. Wonderful as the high buildings appear to us as wc see them towering in the air, some of the greatest engineering achievements in their con- struction are below the ground, in the foundations contrived to sustain the prodigious superstructure- The foundations go down to bedrock, in some instances 100 feet below the surface. As the architect went to the bridge engineer to build his steel cage, so he has adopted the bridge engineer^ pneumatic caisson system of pier sinking. The caisson for high building foundation work was first adopted in the Manhattan Life Insurance Building, on Broadway, near Exchange Place, in 1894.. The weight of the structure was calculated at 21,600 tons; the pressure exerted upon the foundation by the force of the wind acting upon the sides nf the building and tending to overturn it was calculated at 2,400 tons; and the 9 NEW YORK. fill it 11111*1 Will* 1 1 IB a i 1 1 III p.; WtM 1 I IJ I" ir-WiBMM I i""F""" AMERICAN SURETY BUILDING. Showing plan of foundation. weight of the furniture and thf human beings who would occupy it was reckoned at 7,000 tons more — making a total weight of 31,000 tons or 62,000,000 pounds to be carried by the foundation:-- To pro- vide a foundation that would sus- tain this immense weight, the ar- chitects sunk their caissons down to. bedrock, 55 feet below the sur face. As each caisson descended, a brick pier was built up on it. When bedrock was reached, the rock was leveled inside the cais son, and the chamber was filled with concrete, so that caisson and masonry formed one solid pier resting on bedrock and rising to the surface of the ground. There were fifteen of these great piers, and their cost was nearly $150000. The Manhattan Life Building has eighteen stories, and is 350 feet in height from the sidewalk. The plot, fronting 67 feet on Broadway. cost $1,500,000, and the building itself $1,500,000. The foundations of the Ameri- can Surety Building, at Broad- way and Pine street, were sunk in the same way to bedrock 79 feet down. Our illustration, from the Scientific American, shows the caissons resting on the bedrock, the piers on the caissons, and the columns on the piers. Here, too. is an ingenious cantilever device, which may be seen in the right- hand pier, for distributing toward the center a portion of the weight of the outer walls. The plot of land. 85 feet square, cost $1,350,000; a portion of it, that on the corner, cost $267.67 a square foot (or at the rate of over eleven and one- half million dollars an acre). This was the record price for Broad- way real estate until the plot on the south corner of Broadway and NEW )'<>A'A' SKYSCRAPERS. Wall street was sold in 1906 at the price of $57(1 a square Eoot. The American Surety has twi ries, with a height of 308 feet. The United States Weather Bureau foi h 1m re has removed to the new Whitehall Building. The statues on the front arc by J. Massey Rhind. There is, by the way, a curious circumstance in relation to the cornice, which al the height of 308 feel projects beyond the building line and trespasses upon the air space which belongs to the Schermerhorn Building next door. When the trespass was discovered, the Astors, who own the Schermerhorn, threat- ened to put up a skyscraper which would of course cut off the south light and air of tin American Surety Building; the matter was adjusted by the American Surety Company taking a ninety-nine years' lease of the Schermerhorn Building at $75,000 a year. Many of the entrance halls are rich in marbles. Those deserving of inspection in buildings uptown are of the Constable (Fifth avenue and Eighteenth street) and tlte Metropolitan Life (Madison Square); and downtown on Broadway, the New York I. it'e (No. 346), Central Bank (No. Postal Telegraph (No. 253), Equitable (No. t2o), Empire ( No. 71 1. and Bowling Gre< n 1 No. 1 1 I. Some of the halls are arcades, with tele- | graph and messengi fices, news stands, flow > 1 Stands, and confection- ery counters about which the typewriters Hock at ^Hlj noon time like so many J butterflies. The hall I of the Kmpirc Building IBflV constitutes the ap- proach from Broadway to the Rector street sta- I tioii of the elevated rail- n iad, and huiidn d thousands of people pass I through it every day; it is lined with shops and H|fl is a veritable city street. ^^^ The Equitable, too, has ' ■■■ ' 1 l ■ THE PARK ROW BUTT-DING. 12 NEW YORK. a tamous arcade from Broadway to Nassau street. An office building is a city in itself, with its railway in the elevators, its water system, fire extinguishing apparatus on every floor, light, heat and power plants; post office and telegraph office, uniformed police force, restaurant, shops and a population running into the thousands. The tenant may supply his manifold wants without going from under the roof. He has at command telegraph, telephone and messenger service, and mails his letters in the mail chute, which extends through all the floors, carrying the letters to the mail box at the bottom, where the mail is collected by the postmen. He may lunch in the restaurant on one floor, take out a life insurance policy on another, cash his checks at his bank on a third, and put his valuables in safe-deposit in the basement. He may consult his physician, his broker or his lawyer; visit his tailor or shoeblack or barber; and buy his cigars, and paper, theater tickets, and flowers and a box of candy for his best girl. The prevailing rental for offices in the buildings below Chambers street is $2 per square foot per year above the fifth floor, and for the lower floors it goes as high as $11 a square foot. The rent includes light, heat and janitor service ; in the Vincent and Equitable buildings it also gives the lawyer tenant access to a law library maintained by the building; and in the Commercial Cable each individual office has a fire-proof safe. The Park Row, St. Paul, World, Times and other buildings are open day and night every day in the year. The cost of maintenance of the largest buildings approximates $100,000 a year. The single item of water supply amounts to $5,000. The Manhattan Life has an artesian well, and the Metropolitan Life draws water from a stream which was once an open brook from Madison Square to the East River, and being covered up still flows. The elevators in the high buildings are divided into local which stop at every floor, and express which stop only above certain stories. A fine illustration of the spirit of hurry which possesses the average downtown New Yorker is the impatience with which he resents a delay of a five-second elevator stop before he gets to his own floor. In some buildings, as the Amer- ican Tract Society, there are two sets of elevators, one above the other, so that one must change cars to go to the top. There are automatic brakes to stop the descent of the car in case of accident, and air wells at the bottom of the shaft to serve as cushions if the car should fall. The "high-speed" eleva- tors have a possible speed of 500 to 700 feet per minute, and in practice are runatsooto 600 feet. The elevator has been likened to a vertical railroad ; and when we come to think of it, it is quile as much an achievement of me- chanical skill to take us straight up smoothly and safely twenty stories in forty seconds as it is to carry us over the rails at express train speed. The highest development of the elevator is the electric, which is worked by electric motive power and is controlled from the car entirely by electricity. In the cellars and subcellars are the electric light, water and steam-heat- ing plants and the machinery which runs the elevators — an astonishing and bewildering maze of furnaces, boilers, steam engines, dynamos, pumps, pipes and tanks. Under direction of the superntendent of the building is a host of employes — uniformed police, elevator conductors, engineers, sweepers, scrub women and window cleaners. The men who clean windows hundreds of feet in the air wear belts with straps which are fastened to hooks on the outside of the window, so that if one should lose his footing . BBS rrr tfhhtttf r -- fff S ft 17- f- - TFF PF IT KF FT FP FFF rrr r^-r^T"^ """ rrr kcehee ■-..--:.T«--rir -..- -i.ur-r.m ,ni!! trr Hlfftf J ni iroririrsi flBB 111 II II IB Dili tec 111 asifllfiii Hi in ina n bb bis fi PARK ROW BUILDING. Photo copyright, 1899, by Reichert & Henius, New York. i 4 NEW YORK. on the window sill he could not fall. An interesting illustration of the specialization of industries in a great city is offered by the towel supply concerns, which make a business of supplying offices with clean towels, soap and other accessories. The Standard Oil Building, No. 26 Broadway, is remarkable for an engineering expedient for the support of the upper stories. The old building had nine stories, and when the addition of six new floors was contemplated it was found that the walls would not sustain the increased weight. Accordingly the lot adjoining on the north was acquired, and on this was erected a steel cage building with a cantilever projecting out over the old building, and of sufficient strength to sustain the weight of the new floors. The six upper stories, then, which appear to be a part of the old building and to rest upon its walls, are really, so far as sup- port is concerned, quite independent of it. The steel cage construction has been likened to a bridge ; here we have a Broadway office building which is in effect a cantilever bridge. The construction of the $2,500,000 annex of the Mutual Life Insurance Company's building at Liberty, Nassau and Cedar streets involved among other engineering feats the underpinning of an 18-story building adjoin- ing, in which were a safety deposit company's safes and vaults, the work- ing of the locks of which would have been stopped by a settlement of the sixteenth of an inch. The caissons of the annex rest on bed-rock 100 feet below the surface. The cellar floor is 55 feet below the sidewalk, and 35 feet below the line of standing water. The Singer Building. Most famous of New York's lofty structures is the Singer Building, erected by the Singer Manufacturing Company, at Broadway and Liberty street. At the time of completion in the spring of 1908 the highest office building ever erected, it rises forty-seven stories above the sidewalk, with pinnacle 612 feet in air. Other skyscrapers, with their 300 and 400 feet of altitude, are dwarfs in comparison. The Singer Building dominates the sky-line of New York. It has place among the big things of the earth, exceeding in height many of the celebrated edifices of the world. Compared with the highest structures abroad it is outranked only by the Eiffel Tower of France with a height of 984 feet. The Cologne Cathedral is 516 feet, the Rouen Cathedral 490 feet, the Great Pyramid 485 feet. In America the Washington Monument is 555 feet, the Phila- delphia City Hall 537 feet. The Singer is three times the height of Trinity steeple and twice the height of the Flatiron Building. The structure is noteworthy also for beauty of design and for features in- volved in the construction. It is of the modern French school of archi- tecture, and presents an unusually rich design. The materials of the fagades are pressed brick and Indiana lime stone. The tower shows on each side an immense bay window, extending from the fourteenth to the thirty-fourth story, each capped with an arch supporting a semi-circular balcony. The roof of the tower, of curved mansard type, includes three stories, the whole surmounted by a huge copper lantern. From the roof of the main building searchlights of the United States naval standard • if ii m I J-ip •;:: III till i l ili i^ SINGER BUILDING. Erected by the Singer Manufacturing Company. Forty-nine stories. Height, 612 feet i5 NEW YORK. are directed against the fagades of the tower, making it visible at night in bold relief for over twenty miles. The lantern crowning the tower contains a powerful searchlight, the rays of which may be seen from a distance of sixty to seventy-five miles. Further exterior illumination of the tower is accomplished by means of concealed incandescent lights. The Singer Building is a house founded on a rock. The weight of the vast structure, which is 90,000 tons, is supported upon caissons of solid concrete, resting on the bed-rock 92 feet below the curb. A novel feature of the construction is the provision of a system of "wind anchors," to withstand the tremendous wind pressure to which the build- ing is subjected during a gale. Assuming a wind pressure of 30 pounds per square foot, distributed uniformly over the face of the building, the engineers calculated the total overturning moment of the wind to be 128,000 foot-tons, a force which would give the building a tendency to lift on the windward side. To provide against this lift, a set of big steel rods was devised, running down fifty feet into the concrete piers on which, the building rests, and thus securely anchoring it to the founda- tion. Some details of the building are : Height from sidewalk to top of lantern, 612 feet; basement floor to top of flagstaff, 724 feet. Forty- nine stories; gy' 2 acres of floor space; 15 miles of steam and water pip- ing; 15,000 incandescent lamps. Not a cubic inch of wood is used in the construction or finish. The elevators rise 41 stories in one minute; express elevators 30 stories in 30 seconds. Adjoining the Singer Building is the City Investing Building, thirty stories in height, with roof 418 feet above the curb, and caisson founda- tions 80 feet below the surface. The amount invested in land and build- ing exceeds $10,000,000. It is interesting to note that long before the foundation caissons were sunk two entire floors of the building had been leased to a corporation for a lease of ten years of an aggregate value of $1,000,000. The Trinity Building (310 feet in height), overlooking Trinity Church- yard, has the advantage of a position which gives the vast Gothic fagade peculiar impressiveness. Adjoining is the United States Realty Build- ing (300 feet), a twin structure. Each building is of twenty-one stories, and the combined floor space is 552,873 square feet, an area which if one floor would cover seven blocks the size of the Madison Square Garden. The foundation caissons rest on bed-rock 80 feet below the sidewalk. The two buildings with the land cost $15,000,000. No. 1 Wall Steert, the eighteen-story office building, on the south- east corner of Wall street and Broadway, stands on a plot 30 x 30 feet, which was bought in 1906 for $654,456 or $576 per square foot, or $4 per square inch. The first floor and basement, 28 x 28 feet, rent for $40,000 a year. The Exchange Building, 36 to 42 Broadway, one of the largest in the city, is of 20 stories, fronts 116 feet on Broadway and 115 on New street, and has 350,000 square feet of rental space. The cost, including site, was $5,000,000. Another building of immense proportions is the 22-story $3,500,000 home of the Bank of the State of New York, at Exchange Place and William street. Adjoining it is the 18-story building of the NEW YORK SKYSCRAPERS. NO. I WALL STREET. Atlantic Mutual Insurance Company. The Hanover Bank Building, at Nassau and Pine streets, of twenty-three stories, 380 feet, is architecturally one of the most pretentious of the office buildings. The upper part is decorated with a series of Greek columns surrounded with an elaborate cornice, and the rounded edges give it the effect of a campanile. Th- intersection of Nassau and Pine streets is a banking and insurance center and the land is extremely valuable; the Hanover Bank site cost $22339 a square foot, and the northwest corner opposite was bought by the Equitable in 1896 for $250 a square foot. 18 NEW YORK. The Broad Exchange Building, at Broad street and Exchange Plac fronting 236 feet on Exchange Place and 106 feet on Broad street, wil a wing of 100 feet to Beaver street, has an area of 27,000 square fe to each of the twenty stories. There are forty offices on a floor, reach( by eighteen elevators. The cost of building and site was $7,500,000. The twin domes of the twenty-one-story Commercial Cable Buildi? on Broad street rise 317 feet above the curb, and the foundations § down 106 feet below the surface. The floor of the engineer's room 40 feet below the sidewalk. The letter carriers deliver mail to 3,$ people in the building, and the elevators carry 25,000 passengers a da Conspicuous by reason of their isolated situations and seen from tl harbor and the Jersey City ferries are the Whitehall Building facii Battery Park, and the West Street Building on West street. The Park Row Building, on Park Row, facing the Post-Office, h; thirty-one stories, with a height from sidewalk to cornice of 336 fee to top of towers 390 feet ; to top of flagstaff 447 feet ; depth of found tion below street line 75 feet ; total height from foundation to flagsts truck 552 feet. The weight of 20,000 tons or 40,000,000 pounds is carri< on 4,000 piers driven into the sand 40 feet down to bed-rock. The co of building and land was $4,000,000. There are 950 offices, 2,080 window 1,770 doors, 7,500 electric lights and 3,500 tenants. As shown by a cou for a week (six days of ten hours each), the ten elevator cars trav 16.38 miles an hour, and carry up an average of 814 persons an hot or 8,140 a day, or 48,860 a week. About the most interesting phenomenc connected with the building is the memory of one of the car startei wbo knows all the tenants and all the clerks and the floors they are < and the rooms they are in. The Park Row owners tell us that the building stands so firm that the highest gales a plumb line test fails to show the slightest tremor 1 the structure. All the skyscrapers are braced to withstand wind pre sures; in some of them vibration is perceptible in a storm, but as wi bridges this is not regarded as an indication of weakness. A pendulu clock on the top floor of the American Surety has been stopped by t' vibration of the building in a storm ; and the vibration of the top floo in a 20-story building has been sufficient to move the water in a bov The Hudson Terminal Building, on Church street, between Fultc and Cortlandt, is the terminal of the Hudson River tunnels to Jers City, and the nucleus of all the underground railway systems that co verge under lower Manhattan. It is the largest office structure in tl world. The twenty-two stories have 4,000 offices, with an estimated pop lation of 10,000. The building occupies 70.000 square feet of groun The cubic areas are 14,500,000 cubic feet above ground, 3,650,000 cut feet below ground, or a total of 18,150,000 cubic feet. Here are some the official figures that give an idea of the amount of material necessa in the construction. To build the walls above the curb, 16,300,000 brie were necessary; there are 1,300,000 square feet of tile partitions, 5,2 doors, 5,000 windows, and a total glass area of 120,000 square feet; 500,0 square yards of plastering, 16 miles of plumbing pipe, 29 miles of stea pipe, 56 miles of woodbase, 65 miles of picture moulding, 95 miles 1 BROADWAY AT THE POST OFFICE. 20 NEW YORK. conduits, 113 miles of electric wiring, and 30,000 electric lights. Spec: features of the building are perhaps the largest electric storage batte in the world, and an arcade which is a great glass-inclosed passagewj lined with shops and booths. It is larger than any of the famous Eur pean arcades. The white marble New York Life Building, at No. 346, has a porti which is one of the adornments of Broadway; the massive columns polished marble are monoliths 27 feet in height. The clock tower, wi its finial group, is one of the conspicuous features of the Broadway vis and is prominent in the sky-line of Manhattan Island as seen from t rivers. The company's counting room on the Broadway floor is deservec one of the show rooms of the town. A building which because of its conspicuous position, peculiarity construction and towering height is of commanding interest, is t Fuller Building, at the 23d street intersection of Broadway and Fif avenue, two of the most famous streets in the world. The building popularly called the Flatiron, because the plot on which it stands is flatiron shape, with the rounded point toward Madison Square. "T Ship" would be a sobriquet quite as fitting, for from Madison Square t structure has the semblance of an immense ship, bow on, about to pic its way through the Square. From viewpoints far up on Fifth aven the Flatiron towers up impressively. The land cost $800,721, and t building, including site, $4,000,000. It is 300 feet high, with twenty storii and 456 offices above the fourth floor. Cbe Dew Vork and Brooklyn Bridge. The New York and Brooklyn Bridge, which spans the East Riv< connecting the Boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn, has its Manhatt; terminal at the City Hall Park. The promenade is free; fare by troll* 5 cents ; by bridge cars, 3 cents one way, round trip 5 cents. To see t bridge, we should view it from the water, or walk across it, or at le? go out on the New York side as far as the tower. A good plan is cross the river by the Fulton Ferry and walk across the bridge (o: miie), or return from Brooklyn by trolley and walk back to the Nc- York tower. Only by actually going out upon the bridge may one ga any conception of its tremendous construction. We shall have too memorable prospect of river and harbor and city, east over Brooklj; west and north over New York to the Palisades. Here we begin realize the magnitude of the city, as we contemplate its vast expanse the north and the mountain of masonry in the south. The ridge of hij buildings on the lower end of Manhattan Island, as seen from the brid; in the afternoon, has much of the character of a mountain ; its heigh cast in shadow the district east of it just as a mountain shadows tl slopes and valleys behind it long before the sun sets. If we go out the middle of the river span, we shall have the novel experience of loo ing directly down upon the water craft 135 feet below. As seen fro here, even the largest steamboat takes on an appearance curiously su gestive of a toy boat. BROOKLYN BRIDGE. THE BROOKLYN TERMINAL. The bridge was begun in 1870 and opened to traffic in 1883. having consumed thirteen years in building, and cost $15,000,000. Subsequent alterations have increased the cost to $21,000,000. The third largest sus- pension bridge in existence, in the field of bridge engineering it is the crowning triumph of the nineteenth century, and is one of the wonders of the world. The bridge was designed by John A. Roebling, the builder of the Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge and others. While engaged in the preliminary work he mel his death. He was succeeded by his son, William A. Roebling, who in turn was injured by a fire in one of the caissons and became a permanent invalid. He was removed to a residence on the heights of Brooklyn, where, with indomitable resolution, he watched the details of construction from his window by the aid of a telescope and assisted by his wife directed the progress of the work to it^ successful completion. The bridge consists of a central river -pan from tower to tower, two land spans from towers to anchorages, and the land approach on either side. The channel span from tower to tower is 1,505 feet 6 inches — the third NEW YORK. THE NEW YORK TOWER. single span in the world. Each land span is 930 feet. The Manhattai approach is 1,562 feet 6 inches; the Brooklyn approach 971 feet. Th total length of the bridge is 5,989 feet, and with the extensions, 6,53; feet. (A miles is 5,280 feet.) The towers are 278 feet high above higl water, from water to roadway 119 feet, from roadway to roof coping 151 feet. The floor at the tower is 119 feet; the clear height at center o span 135 feet above the water. The width is 85 feet. The cables are 15^ inches in diameter, and 3,57s feet 6 inches in length. The towers rest upon caisson foundations. The Manhattan caisson rest on bed-rock 78 feet below high water mark, the Brooklyn one on a cla; BROOKLYN BRIDGb. 23 bottom 45 feet down. The caissons are of a si/.- which was before un- known: the Manhattan 171 x [02 feet, the Brooklyn [68 x 102 feet. Each weighs 7,000 tons, and is filled with X.000 tons of concrete. The towers are not solid masonry, bul consist of three buttressed shafts joined by con- necting walls up t" the roadway and arched above. At high water line the towers are 140 x. 159 feet, at the roof course [36 x 153 feet. The New York ends of the four cables are imbedded in an anchorage 930 feet hack of the tower; the other ends are fastened in the correspond- ing anchorage on the Brooklyn side. 24 NEW YORK. The volume of traffic is something of which the bare figures fail give any conception. One must see for himself the confluent streams humanity which at the day's end flow to the bridge through all the c< verging streets. The bridge cars carry from 135,000 to 140,000 p sengers a day, and 80,000 of these go over in the rush hours from 7 9 in the morning and 4 to 6 at night. In addition to the bridge c: there are 3,500 trolley cars which cross the bridge daily and carry th tens of thousands. The Williamsburg Bridge, from Williamsburg, Brooklyn, to Grs street, Manhattan, is the greatest suspension bridge in the world, w a channel span of 1,600 feet, a length of 7,200 feet between terminals height of 135 feet at the center, and towers 335 feet. The bridge is feet wide and carries four trolley and two cable tracks, two roadw; and two foot walks. The cost was $12,000,000. The Queensboro Bridge extends across the East River from E Fifty-ninth street, in the Borough of Manhattan, to Ravenswood, in 1 Borough of Queens, and is supported by two piers rising from Blai well's Island. In weight and carrying capacity it is the greatest cantile 1 bridge in the world. The length of the bridge proper is 3,724 feel inches ; the entire length, including the approaches, is 8,231 feet. 1 Manhattan approach, built chiefly of masonry, 1,051 feet in length, ( tends to a pier on the river edge. Here the truss construction beg with the shore arm, 470 feet in length, of the westerly cantilever. 1 river span west of the island consists of two cantilever arms, each < feet in length, making a total westerly river span of 1,182 feet, dim< sions exceeded only by the other New York structures, the Brookl Bridge with a span of 1,595 f ee ^ the Williamsburg Bridge, 1,600 fe and Scotland's great bridge across the Frith of Forth, 1,710 feet. T span between the two piers on Blackwell's Island is 630 feet ; the rn span east of the island is 984 feet; the shore arm of the easterly car lever is 459 feet ; the Long Island approach is 3,455 feet. The sup structure is carried on masonry towers which are 185 feet in height abc the bottom chord. The clear height of the bridge above mean hi water is 135 feet. The carrying capacity is enormous. There are fr floors, the lower one 86 fet wide between railings, the upper one 67 fe The lower floor carries a roadway 56 feet wide for street and vehicu traffic, and having two trolley tracks ; and two other trolley tracks 1 carried on extensions of the floor beams. On the upper floor is pi vision for four elevated tracks and two 13-foot sidewalks. The susta: ing strength of the bridge has been calculated for the upbearing of 2 rapid transit cars carrying 30,000 passengers, 300 trolley cars with 30,c passengers, a congested traffic on the promenades of 55,000 persons, a on the roadway of 100,000 — a total of 215,000. The bridge was design bv Gustav Lindenthal. Its cost was $20,000,000. Battery Part Battery Park forms the southern termination of Manhattan Islan It is reached by all the elevated roads and by the Broadway, Six avenue, Eighth avenue and Belt lines, and by the Subway. The distinguishing feature of the Battery is the sea wall along tl water front, which affords an admirable view of New York Harbc Here the North (or Hudson) and East rivers join their currents, ai the outlook is south over the Upper Bay. On the right across t! North River is Jersey City, with the New Jersey shore stretching aw; to where the Standard Oil refineries send up their perpetual columns smoke. In the middle distance, five miles away, rise the wooded slop of Staten Island. Near at hand, on the left, is Governor's Island, and on t extreme left, across the East River, is Brooklyn with its warehouses ai church steeples. The Narrows, seven miles distant, are in line wi Governor's Island, which shuts off the view of them. The Statue of Liberty, on Liberty Island, is a conspicuous object. 1 the right of it on Ellis Island are the large buildings of the Immigrate Depot. The fort on the point of Governor's Island is Castle Willian If our visit is so timed, we may see the flash of its sunset gun, follow- by the kindling of Liberty's torch and the blink of the revolving lig on Robbins Reef, off Staten Island. But at whatever hour we stai here the scene is one of interest. Nowhere else in New York may i have such a diversified and animated marine picture. There are gigan' European steamships moving majestically to their piers, coastwise steai ers and Sound boats, excursion boats — if it be summer — with pici barges and floating hospitals ; ferryboats, lighters, freight car floats, lo {***Hi •i -3* i $#'~Ji r^m* guvernor's island and the upper bay. BATTERY PARK. 27 H THE AQUARIUM— FORMERLY CASTLE GARDEN. ows of canal boats bound up the Hudson, grotesque floating derricks and grain elevators, noisy tugs with tows and noisier ones without, revenu< utters, smart steam yachts and perhaps a war vessel, with sailing craft ml naphtha launches— all these coming and going and forming a marine ledley, with kaleidoscopic effects, ever full of motion, forever changing, nd a scene to stir the imagination. Mere we are looking upon one oi te most magnificent harbors in the world, whose sunsets challenge the rtist's brush and whose activities are significant of New York's com- lercial supremacy of the Western Hemisphere. Telling the same story, beyond the Park rise the tower of the Produce Exchange and the lofty office buildings, which are the beginning of that accession of skyscrapers for which New York is famous. Near by on .hate street are seen the Chesebrough and Battery Park buildings; where (roadway begins is the Washington, with the Bowling Green overtopping K and beyond is the Empire; on the right is the Standard Oil. 'I'm Aquarium, near the sea wall in the southwesl of the Park, is men daily from 9 to 5. admission free. !t contains large collection- of ishes and marine life. The large floor tanks are devoted to seals, sea 'ions, sturgeon and other large species; and the ioo wall tanks contain resh and sail water fishes The most striking exhibits are of I'.ernmda ngelfish, parrotfish, moonfish and other brilliantly colored die balanced aquaria tanks on the second floor should not he over- looked. There are shown in all some 3,000 living specimens. The daily upply of 300,000 gallons of salt water is furnished from a tidal well 28 NEW YORK. beneath the building, and there are heating and refrigerating plants t control the temperature of fresh and salt water. The Aquarium is main tained by the city. It has an average of over 5,000 visitors daily an 10,000 on Sundays. On August 20, 1898. the day of the reception c Admiral Sampson's fleet, the Aquarium visitors numbered 47,360. Castle Garden. — The circular building of the Aquarium was originall a fort, Castle Clinton, built for the defense of the city against the Britis in the war of 1812 ; and the spot where it stands was then an island 20 feet from the shore. When, in 1822, Congress ceded the property to th city, it was converted into a place of amusement, and was named Castl Garden. It became the home of opera, and was a place for great publi gatherings. Here on Lafayette's return to America in 1824 six thousan persons assembled to greet him ; and among the others who from time t time were given public receptions here were Louis Kossuth, President Jackson and Tyler and Van Buren, and the Prince of Wales. Here in 183 S. F. B. Morse, the inventor of the telegraph, publicly demonstrated b means of a wire coiled about the interior of the Garden the practicability c controlling the electric current. Here in 1850 Jenny Lind, the Swedis singer, made her American debut, under the management of P. T. Barnum her half of the profits of the first concert being $12,500, which sum sh donated to the charities of New York. From 1855 to 1890 Castle Garde was an immigrant bureau, through whose portals millions of immigrant entered America. The building was opened as an aquarium in 1896. Near the Aquarium is the station of the fireboat "New Yorker," whici may be seen at her dock. The city has ten of these boats. They ar equipped with powerful machinery and are of tremendous hose capacity Their mission is to quell fires in the shipping and on the water from Steam is always up and everything is in readiness for instant respons to the alarm which comes over the wire or is given by rapid, short blast of a steamer's whistle. When the "New Yorker's" siren answers th cail and the boat starts away, it is something to stir the blood even o one to whom a fire engine dashing through city streets is an old story THE FIRE BOAT "NEW YORKER." 30 NEW YORK. FROM THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE. Just beyond the Battery. Pier A, North River, is the headquarters the Harbor Police, with their fast steamers and patrol launches. Near the east end of the sea wall is the landing of the Liberty Stat ferry and of various summer excursion steamboats and others. The lit boat basin, to which steps lead down, is for the use of the Whitehall a Battery boatmen who furnish communication with the shipping in t harbor. The city provided this basin for the boatmen in recognition their heroic conduct at the time (July 30, 1871) when the Staten Isla: ferryboat Westfield blew up as she lay in her slip. Some of these B; tery boatmen hold records as life savers, having rescued numerous p< sons from drowning off the sea wall. The Battery affords an appropriate site for the statue of the famo marine engineer John Ericsson, which stands here. It is of bronze, 1 size, by Hartley, and was erected by the city, as the legend tells us, " the memory of a citizen whose genius has contributed to the greatne of the Republic and to the progress of the world." John Ericsson (bo in Sweden, 1803, died New York, 1889) invented the screw or propel as applied to steam navigation in 1836-41. In 1.863 he designed t turreted ironclad "Monitor," which met the Confederate ram "Mer mac" in Hampton Roads, Va., March 9, 1863, and by its successful pi formance revolutionized naval warfare. The "Monitor" is represented one of the panels of the pedestal. The granite building at the east end of the Battery was designed f BATTERY PARK. 31 a Revenue Barge Office, but is now used for the reception of immigrants. The scene here is often picturesque, with the throngs of newcomers, quaint of dress and unfamiliar in their ways. Near the high flagstaff in the Park a tablet marks the spot where stood the famous Revolutionary liberty pole. When the British evacuated the city in 17&3 they left their flag flying from this pole, which they had greased lo prevent climbing it. Bui an American soldier, David Van Vrsdale, achieved the feat, climbed the pole, tore down the British banner 1 i _6\"~ * ■ CASTLE WILLIAMS. and raised the American flag in its place. From that time to this, an- nually at dawn "t" Evacuation Day, November -'5, -"me descendant of Van Arsdale has hoisted the colors here on the Batten staff. lh. Batter) took its name from a battery which was erected here in J693 111 anticipation of the coming of a French fleet, Greal Britain and France being then at war. The Park was a favorite promenade in colonial days. At thai period and long afterward the vicinity was the ;" th< wealth and fashion of New York; and -lately homes fronted in Park mi the north. One "f these "Id h main-, No. 7 Stale now the Mission of Our Lady of the Rosary, for immigrant girls. Ju-i north of the Battery, at tin- beginning of Broadway, i- Bowling Green Easl of the Battery, ■'" 'he terminus "t' the elevated n>art-, is the .. whence boats ply to Brooklyn and Staten Island. It was ry and Staten Island that young Cornelius Vanderbill [afterward the Commodore) -ailed and rowed his ferry boat "Dread." W'e-i of th Battery at Pier 1, North River, are the Coney Island boats. rnor's [sland, which lies a thousand yards off the Battery, is Gov- ernment property, and is the headquarters of the Military Departmenl of the Atlantic. Its tree- and lawn add to the attractiveness of the harbor. The sunsel gun is fired from Castle William-. Other fortifications are the Antiquated Fort Columbus, in the center of the island, and the South ry. There arc officers' quarters, occupied by the Commanding Gen- eral and his staff, parade grounds, prison for military prisoners, ordnance and other usual features of a military establishment. Plans are under way to malce Governor's Island the chief military post of the country. Che Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World is on Bedloe's Island in the Upper Bay, i% miles from the Battery. It is reached by steam boat, which leaves the Battery hourly, on the hour, and returns on the half hour, from Q A. M. to 5 P. M. One may obtain a satisfactory view of tin exterior and return on the same boat, time from Battery and return three quarters of an hour ; if the ascent of the Statue is to be made, allow ai hour and three-quarters. The statue is the work of the eminent French sculptor, Auguste Bar tholdi, who in 1865 conceived the idea of a fitting memorial to be given b; the French people to the United States in commemoration of the long established good will between the two nations. Coming to America upoi this mission, Bartholdi was impressed by the eagerness with which th emigrants crowded to the rail to gaze upon the shores as the ship came u] the bay. and his artist's eye recognized in Bedloe's Island the ideal site fo the projected statue. Here, at the threshold of America, Liberty shouh meet the expectant gaze of the newcomers, and uplift her lighted tore] before them as an emblem of freedom and opportunity in the new world The situation was well chosen. The colossal figure is an imposing objec as seen not only from steamships coming up the harbor, but from ferryboa and bridge and rivers, and the encircling cities and hills and plains o New York and New Jersey. The statue is justly admired for its majestic proportions and the benevc lent calm of the countenance. It is said that Bartholdi modeled the figur from his mother. The tablet bears the date, "July 4, 1776." The statu consists of a shell of repousse copper (sheets of copper hammered int shape), riveted together and supported by an interior skeleton of iror which was designed by the French engineer, Eiffel, who built the Eiff( Tower. Provision is made for the expansion and contraction caused b variations of heat and cold; and an asbestos packing is employed to insu late the copper from the iron and prevent the corrosion which would othet wise be caused by the action of electricity induced by the salt air. Holdin her flaming torch 305 feet in air. Liberty is the greatest colossus in th world, and the pedestal rests securely upon a foundation which is monolith of concrete reputed to be the largest artificial single stone i existence. The dimensions are: Ft. In. Ft. In Height from base to torch 151 1 Right arm, greatest thickness... 12 Foundation of pedestal to torch. 305 6 Thickness of waist 35 Heel to top of head Ill 6 Width of mouth 3 Length of hand 16 5 Tablet, length 23 7 Index finger 8 Tablet, thickness 2 Circumference at second joint... 7 6 Height of pedestal 89 Size of finger nail 13xl0in. Square sides at base, each 62 Head from chin to cranium 17 3 Square sides at top, each 40 Head thickness from ear to ear.. 10 Grecian columns, above base 72 8 Distance across the eye 2 6 Height of foundation 65 Length of nose 4 6 Square sides at bottom 91 Right arm, length 42 Square sides at top 66 7 32 THE STATUE OF LIBERTY. Photo copyright, 1909, by Irving Underhill. CDe Produce exchange. The Produce Exchange, on Whitehall street (near the lower end Broadway), occupies a building which is one of the notable architectui features of New York. The exterior is of brick and terra-cotta. of ri red tones; the decorations are the Arms of the States, the prows of shi and the heads of domestic cattle. The structure is of immense si; 300 x 150 feet, and 116 feet in height, with a square tower rising 225 ft from the pavement. The foundation rests upon 15,037 New Engla spruce and pine piles driven down to bedrock and cut off below the lei of tide water. There are 2,000 windows, nearly 1,000 doors and 7^ aci of floor space. The elevators carry more than 27,000 passengers in a d; The clock face on the tower is 12 feet across. The flag is 50 x 20 fe The cost of ground and building was $3,178,645. The elevators convey visitors to the Visitors' Gallery overlooking t Exchange Room, an apartment 220 x 144 feet, and 60 feet in height the peak of the skylight. The floor space is, next to that of the Madis Square Garden, the largest in the city. It affords ample room for t 3,000 members, and could accommodate as many more, The business done here is the wholesale buying and selling of produi Grain, flour, lard, provisions, petroleum, oil, naval stores, seeds, bulb cheese, hops, hay and straw are the principal articles dealt in. The volui of business exceeds a billion dollars a year. The long tables are for t display of samples, upon which many of the transactions are based; and the corner is the oval "Wheat Pit," where wheat is bought and sold. Bi letins announce the prices current in other trade centers, and give otb information. "While on the floor a 1 buyer may receive from Europe a cal order for a cargo of grain, flour or provisions, may purchase what ordered, charter a vessel for shipment, engage an elevator to load t grain, or a lighter to move provisions or flour, effect insurance, sell e change, cable back the fact of his purchases, and write and mail his letters The membership is limited to 3,000, and is full. The initiation fee $2,500. An arbitration committee of five members settles disputes betwe members without recourse to the law courts. Fkaunces' Tavern, on the southeast corner of Broad and Pearl stree contains on the second floor the famous "long room," in which Genei Washington took affecting leave of his officers and aides Dec. 4, ijl before proceeding to Congress to surrender his commission. The Tave was built in 1700. It was opened as a tavern by Samuel Fraunces 1762. The building has been restored by the Sons of the Revolutic The first floor is still a tavern ; the second floor contains a display historical relics, opened Dec. 4, 1907. 34 Cbe Customs Rouse. In the new Custom House, fronting on Bowling Green, New Yorl possesses the largest and most beautiful custom house in the world. Th( building was designed by Cass Gilbert; it is of Maine granite, sever stories in height, and cost $4,500,000. It is embellished with a wealtl of exterior decoration, the motives of which are found in the work wide commerce of the United States, of which seventy-five per cent enters through the port of New York. Dolphin masks, rudders, tridents the caduceus of Mercury, the winged wheel, the conventionalized wave and other suggestions are of the sea and ships and transportation. A series of forty-four Corinthian columns surrounding the building arc crowned with capitals from which look out the head of Mercury, ancient god of commerce ; and in the keystones of the window arches are carved heads typical of the eight types of mankind — the Caucasian, with acces- sory of oak branches ; Hindu, lotus leaves ; Latin and Celt, grapes ; Mongol, poppy; Eskimo, fur hood; coureur de bois, pine cones; African Extending across the sixth floor of the Bowling Green fagade is a series of twelve statues carved from Tennessee marble. The figures are of heroic size and represent twelve sea-faring powers, ancient and modern, which have had part in the commerce of the globe. The subjects from left to right are: Greece (by F. E. Elwell) is typified by Pallas-Athene, with cuirass and shield. Rome (by F. E. Elwell) is a soldier of the Empire, bearing the mace, and crushing to his knees a barbarian captive. Phoenicia (by F. M. Ruckstuhl) with ancient oared galley. Genoa (by Augustus Lukeman) is represented by Columbus; the Great Discoverer is clad in armor, with two-handed sword, and at his feet crouches an open-jawed dragon, typifying the triumph of Columbus over ignorance, superstition and bigotry. Venice (by F. M. L. Tonetti) is represented by the Doge Mariano Falieri, in magnificently embroidered robe, and holding the prow of a gondola. Spain (by F. M. L. Tonetti) is represented by Isabella the Catholic, wearing the regal crown and royal robe on which are embroidered the castles and lions of Castile and Arragon, and the Collar of the Golden Fleece. Her right hand rests on a globe, the left on sculptured arms, with the little Santa Maria of Columbus's fleet. Holland (by Louis St. Gaudens) is represented by Admiral van Tromp, with characteristic broad-brimmed and plumed hat, heavy boots and long sword. Portugal (by Louis St. Gaudens) is represented by Prince Henry the Navigator, clad in mediaeval armor. Denmark (by Johannes Gelert) is a woman Viking carrying a board- ing pike. Other suggestions are rope and tackle. Germany (by Albert Jaegers) is a noble idealization of Germania. On her cuirass is the royal eagle, and her shield bears the name Kiel. France (by Charles Graby), wearing the liberty cap, holds a statue 36 & NEW YORK. to indicate pre-eminence in the fine arts, and a crowing cock proclaims the Frenchman's challenge to the world. England (by Charles Graby) is personified as Britannia with hand on steering wheel, and bearing a shield embossed with the image of St. George. On pedestals advanced from the building, to the right and left of the main entrance, are sculptured marble groups by Daniel Chester French, representing the four continents. Each is personified as a woman, and the allegory is an epitome of the development of the racial type. Asia holds the lotus flower and in her lap is a figure of the Buddha. Beneath her feet are the skulls of the victims of oppression. Her eyes are closed ; with passive countenance she is heedless of the prayers of the kneeling Hindu, the Chinese coolie, whose arms are bound, and the suppliant women bound by the injustice of the ages. A tiger glares into her face. Behind her shines the illuminating cross of the Christian religion. Africa, reclining against an Egyptian pillar, is seated between a lion and a sphinx. Her attitude is of drowsiness and hopelessness. Europe is seated on a throne carved with the emblems of achievement. The open book is of the mighty past, the globe is the sphere of empire, the ships' prows stand for daring exploration. America, seated on a stone covered with barbaric inscriptions, holds in one hand the lighted torch of progress; the other is extended pro- tectingly above a figure signifying labor. An Indian peers over her shoulder, the eagle is by her side, on her knees rest sheaves of grain. The attitude is alert, energetic, expectant. In the center of the attic of the Bowling Green front is a cartouche by Karl Bitter, displaying the shield of the United States, supported by two female figures and surmounted by an American eagle with outstretched wings. The sheathed sword typifies power and the security of peace; the bound bundle of reeds is emblematic of the strength of the States united. A female head is carved above the entrance arch by Alfano, and under the arch are the Arms of the City by the same sculptor. The Custom House occupies an historic site. Tn the reception room of the Collector's office a memorial inscription reads: "'On this site Fort Amsterdam was erected in 1626. Government House was built in T700 for President Washington. Here George Clinton and John Jay lived. Used as Custom House from 1733 to 1875." Bowling Green. The diminutive oval erf Bowling Green, at the fool of Broadway, is i st park, its story goes back to the beginning. When the Dutch came to Manhattan Island in [626, they built Fort Amsterdam, which stood where the new U. S. Custom House now stands, and the Green was the Plaine reserved as a drill ground in front of the fort. A hundred years later in [732 this was in British times — the plot was bj resolution of the Corporation leased "to some of the inhabitants of the said Broadway, in order to be enclosed to make a Bowling Green thereof, with walks therein, for the beauty and ornament of said street, as well as for the recreation and delight of the inhabitants of the city." Thus the park got its name, lint it has been the scene of more exciting events than the most warmly contested game of bowls. In 1705, on tin- evening of the day when the Stamp Act went into effect, the indignant citizens gathered here, and using the wooden fence of the Green for fuel, burned the Lieutenant Governor in effigy. When the act wa> repealed in [766, the people showed their rejoicing by bonfires here, ami afterward ordered from England an equestrian statue of King George III., which was set up in the center of the Bowling Green; and the park was inclosed with an iron fence, which had been imported from England at a cost ,,f £800. .Inly 9, 1776, after listening to the reading of the Declaration of Independence, the came down to the Green, threw the statue from its pedestal and dragged it through the Streets. Then, since it was leaden and represented much useful ammunition, it was shipped to Litchfield, Connecticut, where it was melted down and rim into bullets, i'.mmm of them, for Patriot use; and it is recorded that in subsequent engage- ments 400 British soldiers were killed with these bullets. 'Idle posts of the iron railings of the Green were ornamented with crowns, which were broken off that July night; ami thus mutilated the railing is h,re to day. The statue which now adorns the park IS of \braham de Peyster, an ancient worthy of Manhattan, of whom most of us would never have heard if he had not had a descendent, John Watts de Peyster, of the seventh generation in direct descent, to erect this monument in his memory. \i Bowling Green we are in the midst of one of the most important business (Miters of the city. To the south, occupying an entire square, is the new U. S. Custom Mouse. The Produce Exchange is just across the street, and on either side of Broadway tower the im- mense office buildings. Those on the right are the Welles and the Standard Oil; on the left the Washington, Bowling Green, Columbia, Aldrich Court and Empire. The Standard is the home of the Standard ( hi Company. The Washington was built by Cyrus W. Field, founder of the Atlantic (able Company. The Bowling Green, of Byzantine architecture, should be visited for the magnificent marbles of its en- trance hall; at the further end of the hall a screen of stained glass quaintly pictures the old-time bowling on the green. Crinity €burcb. The chief architectural adornment of lower New York is the nobh Gothic pile of Trinity Church, set in its churchyard on Broadway at the head of Wall street. Its proportions have been dwarfed by the surround- ing office buildings, which tower above the spire, but the dignity and beauty of Trinity have in no wise been diminished; the contrast between its rest- ful repose and the turmoil of Broadway is as grateful to-day as ever; and the open gate still as persuasively invites us to turn aside for a moment within the twilight of its aisles, or to stroll amid the headstones where so many thousands are sleeping the long sleep. The church is the third of those which have stood here since 1697. The first one was burned in the great fire of 1776, which destroyed 500 buildings, and the second one, having become unsafe, was pulled down to make way for the present edifice, which was completed in 1846. It is of brown sand- stone, and is regarded as a fine specimen of the Gothic style. Thousands of visitors to New York have in years past climbed Trinity's steeple for the view, but the skyscrapers have changed that. The finial cross is 284 feet above the pavement, while the American Surety Building across Broadway is 306 feet, the Manhattan Life Building 348 feet, and the Empire Building 300 feet. In the belfry is the famous chime of bells. On New Year's Eve thousands of people come down to Trinity to hear the chimes ring out the old year and welcome the new. The Bronze Doors which adorn the entrances were given by William Waldorf Astor as a memorial of his father, John Jacob Astor. Their cost was $40,000. The Central Door is by Carl Bitter. The subjects of the panels are drawn from the Bible : Genesis III. : 23-24— The Expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden. Genesis XXVIII.: 10-13 — Jacob's Dream of the Ladder ascending to Heaven. St. Luke I. : 28-38 — The Annunciation. St. Matthew XXVIII. : 1-8— The Resurrection. (The two Marys at the tomb.) Revelation IV.: 6, 10, 11 — The Vision of the Throne. Revelation VI. : 15, 16, 18 — The Opening of the Sixth Seal. In the borders and tympanum are statuettes of the Twelve Apostles. The North Door is by J. Massey Rhind. The subjects are: Exodus XII. : 23 — The Passover in Egypt. (A Hebrew is anointing the lintel and door post with blood that his first born may be spared.) Deuteronomy XIX. : 1-6 — The City of Refuge (to the gate of which a fugitive from vengeance has just come). Acts III.: 1, 2 — The miraculous cure by St. Peter and St. John of the man lame from his birth. Acts XVI. : 25-28 — Paul and Silas leaving the prison after the earth- quake. Domine quo vadis — The legend, as told in a sermon attributed to St. / \mbrose, is that as St. Peter was fleeing from Rome to escape persecu- TRINITY CHURCH. 42 NEW YORK. tion, he met his Master going into the city; and to the Apostle's Domine quo vadis — "Lord, whither goest Thou?" the answer was given, "I go to Rome to be crucified again." Revelation XXII. : 14 — The blessed "enter in through the gate into the city." The South Door is by Charles H. Niehaus. The subiects are historical : Hendrik Hudson off Manhattan Island, Sept. 11, 1609. Dr. Barclay Preaching to Indians, 1738. Barclay was one of the early missionaries supported by Trinity. Washington at St. Paul's Chapel after his Inauguration, April 30, 1789. Consecration of Four Bishops in St. Paul's Chapel, Oct. 31, 1832. Consecration of Trinity Church, May 21, 1846. Dedication of the Astor Reredos. June 29, 1877. The interior is of impressive size. Rows of sculptured stone columns support the groined roof; the light comes in subdued and warmed by the stained glass windows, and tbe chancel is magnificent with the superb altar and reredos which were given by John Jacob Astor and William Astor in memory of their father, William B. Astor. The altar is of pure white marble; its face is divided by shafts of red stone into three panels; in the center panel is a Maltese cross in mosaic set with cameos, with a Christ head, and the symbols of the Evangelists. The reredos is of Caen stone and alabaster. The three panels on each side and the large one in the center contain sculptures of scenes in the life of Christ ; and above are statuettes of the Twelve Apostles. The reredos is 20 feet high, and fills almost the entire width of the chancel. Its cost was $100,000. Trinity Churchyard. — There was a graveyard here (the site was then beyond the city limits) before the first church was built in 1697. The oldest grave that can be identified is in the northern section on the left of the first path; it is that of a little child. Richard Churcher, "who died . the 5 of . April 1681 . of . age . 5 years and . 5 . months" ; and whose name, engraved on the sandstone slab, has endured through the centuries with an immortality singularly in contrast with the brief span of his child life. Near the porch on the north side of the church is the grave of William Bradford, Printer, who printed the first newspaper in New York — the New York Gazette in 1725. He died in 1752, aged ninety-two years. The stone bears the injunction: Reader, reflect how soon you II quit this Stage; Yon'll find but few attain to such an Age. Life's full of Pain Lo ! Here's a place of Rest, Prepare to meet your GOD, then you are blest. Following the path to the right, we come to a slab, lying flat in thr turf, inscribed with the name of Charlotte Temple. But Charlotte Temple was a creation of fiction, the heroine of Mrs. Rowson's "Charlotte Temple: A Tale of Truth," written in 1790. The story was of an English school girl, who eloped with her lover, a British officer; came to New York; was betrayed and deserted, and died of a broken heart. The pathetic tale took THE TRINITY BUILDING. Photo copyright, 1906, by Irving Underbill. 44 NEW YORK. strong hold upon the tender sympathies of the maids and matrons of that day, and has had vogue among readers of "Tales of Truth" ever since. By many Mrs. Rowson's heroine has been accepted as a real person. It was no wonder, then, that when, in the 40s, one of the stonecutters employed in the erection of the church carved on this slab the name of Charlotte Temple, the imitation tombstone laid here above the imaginary grave of a fictitious character in due time became a shrine of sentimental pilgrimage. Countless flowers have been laid upon "the grave of Charlotte Temple ;" we may find such tributes here to-day. The Richard Churcher headstone is directly across the path from here ; on the back of the stone is carved the emblem of a winged hour-glass with skull and cross-bones. A few steps beyond, on the left, is the curious tombstone of Sidney Breese, merchant and officer in the British army, who died in 1767. The epitaph runs : Sidney Breese June 9 1767 Made by himself Ha Sidney Sidney Lycst thou here I here Lye Till time is flown To its Eternity Tn the northern part of the ground near Broadway stands the handsome Gothic memorial commonly called the Martyrs' Monument: Sacred to the Memory of those brave and good Men, who died whilst im- prisoned in this City, for their devotion to the cause of American Independence. During the Revolution, the regular jails of the city not sufficing to contain the American prisoners, churches and sugar houses were converted into prisons. Crowded into these, the patriot prisoners were subjected by their British jailers to such cruelties and privations that thousands died of disease and starvation; and day by day the dead were carried out and thrown into trenches. Tradition has it that many were so buried here; and the monument was erected at a time when the city proposed to cut a street through the churchyard at this point. On the left, as we enter at the lower Broadway gate, is the monument. "In memory of Captain James Lawrence, of the United States Navy, who fell on the 1st day of June, 1813, in the 32d year of his age, in the action between the frigates Chesapeake and Shannon." The tribute on the pedestal reads: The heroick commander of the frigate Chesapeake, whose remains are here deposited, expressed with his expiring breath his devotion to his country. Neither the fury of battle, the anguish of a mortal wound, nor the horrors of approaching death could subdue his gallant spirit. His dying words were, "DON'T GIVE UP THE SHIP." The wife of Captain Lawrence, who survived her husband for more than fifty years, lies beside him. Just beyond is the bronze statue of Judge John Watts, who was Recorder of the City in Colonial days. TRINITY CHURCHYARD. 45 Alexander Hamilton's tomb is marked by the conspicuous white marble monument in the south grounds near the Rector street railing. On the pedestal is inscribed : To the memory of Alexander Hamilton the Corporation of Trinity Church has erected this monument in testimony of their respect for the Patriot of Incorrupt- ible Integrity, the Soldier of Approved Valour, the Statesman of Consummate Wisdom, whose talents and virtues will be admired by grateful posterity long after this marble shall have mouldered : nto dust. He died July 12, 1804, aged 47. Here too is the grave of his wife, who died in 1854, after a widowhood of fifty years. But we cannot begin to catalogue the names of the distinguished dead who repose here— Livingston and Lewis, signers of the Declaration of Independence ; Albert Gallatin, who succeeded Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury; Robert Fulton, inventor of the steamboat; General Philip Kearney, hern of Chantilly, whose death evoked Boker's noble "Dirge for a Soldier," beginning: Close his eyes; his work is done! What to him is friend <>r foeman, Rise of moon, or set of sun. Hand of man or kiss of woman? If we were to tell them all. whose monuments and headstones are legible to-day, there would yet remain the host whose names have been eaten from the stones by the tooth of time, and the yet greater host whose resting places are unmarked and whose names are unknown. Trinity's dead number many tens of thousands. From various points in the churchyard we get glimpses through the trees of the great office buildings on Broadway, chief among them the American Surety Building, with its gilded cornice shining against the blue of the sky. On the south the stupendous fagade of the Empire Building extends from Broadway to Church street; on the west is the United States Express Company's Building, and on the other side of Broadwaj are the Manhattan Life and the Union Trust. On the north rises the twenty-one-story Trinity Building, its facade stretching from Broadway to Church street and rising 280 feet in the air. The statues of the Evangelists, above the doors on the north and south, wire presented by William Fitzhugh Whitehouse. Trinity Church, established in 1697, is the richest church society in America. From its income of $775,000 a year it supports the parent church and eighl chapels (St. Paul's among them), contributes regularly to twenty-four congregations, and maintains schools, a dispensary, a hospital and a long list of charitable enterprises. The two plots of real estate occupied by Trinity and St. Paul's would bring a fabulous price Ulan Street Wall street took its name from the wall which once defended New Amsterdam at this point.* The wall outlived its usefulness and disap- peared 200 years ago, but the name it gave to the street which ran beside it has become the most famous street name in the world. Wall Street the place is the financial center of the country. Wall Street the name is synonymous with securities, stocks, bonds and shares, trust certificates, goid, money, investment, speculation, fortune, ruin. We shall find here a succession of imposing bank and office buildings whose archi- tectural effect is of solidity, strength and durability — qualities which have their ultimate expression in the massive constructions of the Sub-Treasury and the Custom House. Facing the street and filling the vista on Broad- way, stands Trinity Church, its melodious belfry chiming the hours of the Wall Street day. The sidewalks and the street itself are crowded with alert, intent, hurrying, jostling throngs of bankers, brokers, lawyers, clerks, expressmen, messenger boys, ubiquitous here as everywhere throughout the city ; and now and then, if we recognize him. a detective. A few steps from Broadway, New street opens to the south in a veri- table Rocky Mountain canon between towering cliffs. A few doors below is the New York Stock Exchange, the greatest market of stocks, bonds, and other securities in the world. The exchange has 1,100 members; seats have sold as high as $05,000 Admission to the visitors' gallery is by card from a member. The chief external feature of the million-dollar building is the Broad street faqade. The Consolidated Exchange occupies a monumental building at the corner of Broad and Beaver streets. The Curb Market of the "curb- stone brokers" is in Broad street in front of the Mills Building. It is a meeting place for trading in stocks, Standard Oil among them, which are not dealt in on the regular exchanges. On the northwest corner of Wall and Nassau towers the magnificent building of the Bankers' Trust Company. This is distinguished by mas- siveness of construction and the elegance of the interior; and is further notable as an example of that astonishing system of tearing down and building up, which is characteristic of the development of the city. The Bankers' Trust building here occupies the site of the Gillender build- ing, a twenty-story structure which was in its day one of the archi- *The wall was built by command of Gov. Peter Stuyvesant in lt>53. The palisades, or stockade, extended along the East River, from near the present head of Coenties Slip, on the north line of Pearl Street, crossing the fields to the North River, on the present north side of Wall Street fwhence its name), and then along the North River to the fort, just east of Greenwich Street, which was then under water. In digging the foundation of the new Bowling Green offices, 5-il Broadway, a large number of these old posts were found many feet under the surface. Although nearly 250 years old, the portions found were in a wonderful state of preservation. Canes and other mementoes have been made from these.— Spencer Trask in Historic New York. WALL STREET. tectural marvels <>f the town, and which was in i < >i t demolished to make way for the presenl building. Opposite is the United Staies Si b i eu vsi ry, a branch of the Treasury at Washing- ton, and second in importance only to the parenl institution. Two thirds of the direcl monej dealings of the Treasury arc transacted through the New York branch. The vaults contain immense deposits of coin; the sum stored here has reached $225,000,000 at one time. (Nol open to in- spection.) The building occupies the site where stood in Colonial times Hall ami the Capitol of the Province, which afterward became- Federal Hall, in which assembled the firsl Congress. The furniture used then i^ preserved in the City Hall. In fronl of the Wall street portico stands Ward's statue of Washington, erected under the auspices of the Chamber of Commerce, and unveiled Nov 26, [883, the centennial anni- versary of Evacuation May The bronze Washington stands when the living Washington when he took the oath. Jusl inside the Treasury preserved under glass a brown-stone slab inscribed: "Standing on this stone, in the balcony of Federal Hall, April 30th, 1789, George Washington took the oath as the first President of the United States of America." 4S NEW YORK. THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE— THE BROAD STREET FAgADE. Of the statuary on the pediment, the central figure, of a woman in flowing robes represents "Integrity, the Bulwark of Sound Finance." The two groups to the right represent "Primitive Agriculture and the Products of the Soil," and "Mining " 1 he two groups to the left represent "Motive Power, Scientific and Mechanical Appliances, ' and "The Designer and the Mechanic." Ihe work of constructing the massive building "extended over a period of about ten years. Solidity and impenetrability seem to have been the basic principles upon which it was built. From foundation to WALL STREET. 49 roof it is an ingeniously welded mass of stone and iron. Its essential parts do not include a stick of timber. The building stands on solid rock, and its roof is <>t" stone. Its walls are from three to five feet thick, with windows iron-barred ami protected by steel shutters. Be- neath the main floor, which is of solid masonry, there are a basement twelve i'eet high and a sub-basemenl aboul ^i\ feel in height. This sub-basement is a perfect catacomb "i heavy brick arches resting on solid reck. I'm- all purposes of defense the Sub-Treasury is a fort- ress. Housed within its almosl impregnable walls too men could resist the assaults of armed thousands a- long as the provisions held out. In the upper part of the building there is an arsenal which con- tains an adequate equipment for at least 100 men. There are three Gatling ^in\ stacks of rifles, cabinets of huge navy revolvers, and, moreover, a magazine full of deadly hand-grenades, lor the effective WASHINGTON ON THE SUB-TREASURY STEPS. .so NEW YORK. THE UNITED STATES SUI'.-TK I'.ASU K V. use of these weapons provision lias also been made. Each one of the steel shutters at the doors and windows contains loopholes through which shots may lie fired, and on the roof are three bullet-proof tur- rets, ten feet high, from which riflemen could in safety shower cold lead down upon a mob. As an additional safeguard, the ceilings of the stone porches at the two ends of the building are perforated, and from these points of vantage, inaccessible from the streets, the de- fenders of the building would be able to drop explosives upon the heads of any foolhardy assailants who might try to batter down the doors." — New York Times. Adjoining the Sub-Treasury is the United States Assay Office, a branch of the Mint. The squat and dingy building which stood here so long has been supplanted by a modern structure. Here are great refining furnaces, where $50,000,000 worth of the precious metals are melted in a year; hydraulic press, with a pressure of 200 tons to the square foot, which compresses the refined gold into $20,000 cheeses; delicate scales, which register weights ranging from a thousand pounds to a single hair from one's head, and piles of gold bricks. WALL STREET. 51 Further down the street, on the opposite side, is seen the National City Bank Building, with its double tier of immense granite columns. This is the old Custom House, which was built at a cost of $1,800,000. No longer serving for the growing volume of the customs business, it was sold by the Government for $3,500,000. The streets which arc near Wall street and open out from it — Cedar, Pine, Broad, Nassau, William, Exchange Place and lower Broadway arc in all essentials a pari of it. I he term "Wall Street" as meaning a financial center includes them all. Though we cuter the Stuck Ex- change from Wall street, the Exchange fronts on Broad street. Oppo- site the Sub-Treasury at the corner of Broad ami Wall is the white marble Drexel Building, with the offices of J. I'. Morgan & Co. Next to it on Broad street is the Mills Building. South rises the twenty- story Broad Exchange, which cost $7,500,000, and in lloor space is one of the largesl office buildings in the world. Notable structures on the west of the street are the twentj one story Commercial Cable with it- twin domes, the fifteen st< »ry Johnston and the Edison, deserv- ing of attention for the richness and dignitj of 11- facade. Turn which way we may from Wall street, we shall find ourselves in a maze ol deep and narrow canons, for here we are 111 the heart of New York's high buildings. The Clearing House, on Cedar streef mar Broadway occupies a building which is one of the handsomest in New York. In design and adornment, the white marble structure is in tit keeping with the dig- nity and importance of an institution whose daily transaction- are regarded as a barometer of the financial condition of the country. The cost was $1,100,000. Visitors arc not admitted. The Clearing House Association comprises int> three banks (these representing also numerous others), which meet here to settle their account- with one another. I n the course of it- business, each one ol the fifty three hank-, receives checks and drafts drawn against some or all of the fifty-two others. Instead of each one sending to colled these check- from the fifty two others, all the hanks come together in the Clearing House and turn in the check-, drawn on each. After a system of exchange, a balance 1- -truck and the sum is ascertained which each hank nm-t pay in or which must be paid to it to clear its account. By this system of paying differences it is practicable to Settle enormous account- in a way extremely simple and expeditious and involving the actual payment of amount- which are compara- tively small. Thus for a certain year the average daily clearings (i.e., the sum of the checks presented by all the banks) was $189,961,029, while the average daily balances, paid in cash, were $10,218,448, or 5 , per cent. The clerk- representing the hank- meet in the < learing House at 10 o'clock, and tin balances are ascertained by 12:30. A hank which is a debtor to the Clearing House must pay its balance by 1:30 of the same day, either in cash or Clearing House certificates. Hanks which are creditor- receive checks for the balance due them the same day. 52 NEW YORK. The largest daily transaction on record was the enormous total of $622,410,525.56, following the Northern Pacific corner. The Chamber of Commerce is a massive pile of white marble,, in the Renaissance style, with decorations in bronze. Between the columns are statues of Alexander Hamilton by Martini, De Witt Clinton by French, and John Jay by Bitter, and above the entrance are groups symbolical of Commerce. The vestibule admits to a monumental hall and broad stairway of Caen stone. Admission is by card of a member. The Cham- ber is a magnificent apartment ninety feet long, sixty feet in width and thirty feet high. It is lighted through an enormous skylight in the ceiling; and the walls, unbroken to a height of twenty feet, are hung ^V THE NEW YORK CLEARING HOUSE. WALL STREET. THE CHAMBER OF From photo copyright IM MERCK — LIBERTY STREET, by James 13. Baker, An ht. with the Chamber's large collection of portraits of New York merchants. The Chamber of Commerce, organized in 1768, is an association of merchants which concerns itself with questions affecting domestic and foreign commerce, the welfare of the city and national interests. It lias had large influence in the development of the port of New York and the city's growth and commercial expansion. The annual dinner given by the Chamber of Commerce is an occasion of discussion of public questions. $t. Paul's Chapel. St. Paul's Chapel is on Broadway between Vesey and Fulton streets, just below the City Hall Park and the Post Office. Curiously enough, the Broadway end of the building is the rear, for the church was built fronting on the river; and in the old days a pleasant lawn sloped down to the water's edge, which was then on the line of Greenwich street. One effect of St. Paul's thus looking away from Broadway is to give us at the portal an increased sense of remoteness from the great thoroughfare and of isola- tion from its strenuous life, so that all the more readily we yield to the pervading spell of the churchyard's peaceful calm. St. Paul's is a cherished relic of Colonial days. Built in 1766 as a chapel of Trinity Parish, it is the only church edifice which has been preserved from the pre-Revolutionary period. After the burning of Trinity in 1776, St. Paul's became the parish church; here worshiped Lord Howe and Major Andre and the English midshipman who was afterward King George IV. After his inauguration at Federal Hall in Wall street. President Washington and both houses of Congress came in solemn procession to St. Paul's, where service was conducted by Bishop Provoost, Chaplain of the Senate, and a Te Dcum was sung. Thereafter, so long as New York remained the Capital, the President was a regular attendant here; his diary for Sunday after Sunday contains the entry: "Went to St. Paul's Chapel in the forenoon." Washington's Pew re- mains to-day as it was then ; it is midway of the church on the left aisle, and is marked by the Arms of the United States on the wall. Across the church is the pew which was reserved for the Governor of the State, and was occupied by Governor Clinton ; above it are the State Arms. The pulpit canopy is ornamented with the gilded crest of the Prince of Wales, a crown surmounted by three ostrich feathers. It is the only emblem of royalty that escaped destruction at the hands of the Patriots when they came into possession of the city in 1783. In the wall of the Broadway portico, where it is seen from the street and 13 observed by innumerable eyes daily, is the Montgomery Monument, in memory of Major-General Richard Montgomery, of Revolutionary fame. It consists of a mural tablet bearing an urn upon a pedestal sup- ported by military accoutrements. General Montgomery commanded the expedition against Canada in 1775, and on Dec. 31 of that year, in com- pany with Colonel Benedict Arnold, led the assault upon Quebec. Just after the exclamation, "Men of New York, you will follow where your General leads!" he fell, mortally wounded. Aaron Burr bore his body from the field, and the Englishmen gave it soldier's burial in the city. Forty-three years later, in 1818. Canada surrendered the remains to the United States. -The monumert had been ordered by Congress as early as 1776. It was bought by Benjamin Franklin in Paris, and was shipped to America on a Qrivateer. A British gunboat captured the privateer, and in turn was taken 54 ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL AND CHURCHYARD. 5 o NEW YORK. by an American vessel, and so at last the monument reached its destina- tion. The inscriptions read : This Monument is erected by order of CONGRESS, 25th Janry, 1776, lo transmit to Posterity a grateful remembrance of the patriotic conduct, enterprise and perseverance of MAJOR GENERAL RICHARD MONTGOMERY, who after a series of successes amidst the most discouraging Difficulties Fell in the attack on QUEBEC 31st Decbr, 1775. Aged 37 years. The State of New York caused the remains of Majr. Genl. Richard Mont- gomery to be conveyed from Quabecand deposited beneath this monument the 8tn day of July, 1818. At that time Mrs. Montgomery, in the forty-third year of her widow- hood, was living near Tarrytown on the Hudson. Governor Clinton had told her of the day when the steamboat Richmond bearing her husband's remains would pass down the river ; and sitting alone on the piazza of her house, she watched for its coming. With what amotions she saw the pageant is told in a letter written to her niece : "At length they came by wuh all that remained of a beloved husband, who left me in the bloom of manhood, a perfect being. Alas ! how did he return? However gratifying to my heart, yet to my feelings every pang I felt was renewed. The pomp with which it was conducted added to my woe; when the steamboat passed with slow and solemn movement, stopping before my house, the troops under arms, the Dead March from the muffled drums, the mournful music, the splendid coffin canopied with crepe and crowned with plumes, you may conceive my anguish. I cannot describe it." The most conspicuous monuments in the churchyard near Broadway are those of Thomas Addis Emmett and Dr. William J. MacNevin both of whom participated in the Irish rebellion of 1798, came lo New York and achieved distinction, Emmett at the bar and MacNevin in medicine. The inscriptions are in English, Celtic and Latin. West of the church is die nrn with flames issuing from it, which marks the resting place of George Frederick Cooke, the distinguished tragedian; born in England 1756; died in New York 1812. The monument was erected in 1821 by the great English actor, Edmund Kean, and has been the subject of pious care by Charles Kean, who restored it in 1846, Edward A. Sothern in 1874 an:' Edwin Booth in 1890 The epitaph is by Fitz-Greene Halleck: Three Kingdoms claim his birth, Botn hemispheres pronounce his wonh. In the high building which looks down upon St. Paul's Churchyard from the south is the home of the Evening Mail ; and across the church- yard on Vesey street is the Evening fast. The twenty-five-story St. Paul Building occupies the site of the old Herald Building, and before that of Barnum's Museum. The Park Bank, adjoining, is one of the largest banks in the country. On the north is the Astor House, which was built in 1836 by the original John Jacob Astor. It was the Waldorf- Astoria of the day, the pride of the city and the admiration of visitors, and for more than fifty years held place as the most famous hotel in the country. It is one of the landmarks of old New York. BROADWAY LOOKING SOUTH FROM CITY HALT- PARK. ■~*m City Ball Park. THERE arc some of us to whom this little park is very dear; it is our bit of nature- not the real country, but a symbol of it. which, as we see it from day to day, tells us in miniature of the pageant of the seasons. We watch the tender green of its grass in the spring, and note the swelling buds and the unfolding leaves, and when the robin and the oriole stop here on their northward migration we know that the birds arc nesting in the orchards and the village elms. When the crumpled leaves strew the lawns we see in fancy the painted panorama oi the autumn hills; and in winter the diminutive expanses of snow are magni- fied into illimitable fields shrouded in white and still in the moonlight. I his is the City Hall Park of suggestion. The actual City Hall Park is the center and head of the official life of Xew York. 1 1 ere arc the municipal and county buildings; the City Hall, with the offices of Mayor. Marshal and Sheriff, the halls of the Council and Assembly; and here are the cants with judges, jurors, lawyers and litigants. Here congregate the politicians, sleek, rotund, silk-hatted. Here to the Mayor's office come the Italians to be married, hundreds of couples every year. The park is the stamping ground- theirs from time immemorial— of the newsboy and the bootblack, and lure, too, we shall meet the gentleman who requests us to lend him two cents to get a night's lodging. (in the west Broadway rolls its ceaseless course; on the east is Park Row; on the north runs Chambers street, and on the south the Pos1 Office occupies a site which was taken for it from the original Park area. Looming up above the Post Office rises the tremendous bulk of the Park Row Building. Fronting the park on the east is th< Building; adjoining is No. 39 Park Row; above and beyond it the American Tract Society Building, with a r« -taurant on the twenty-third floor, giving -rand views from the windows. To the north is the home of tin- Tribune, founded by Horace Greeley; Ward's bronze statue of Greeley stands in front of the publication office. Adjoining the Tribune the Sun "shines for all" from the building which was, in i8ll, the first Tammany Hall. High above its contemporaries, the World occupies offices in the dome of tlie Pulitzer Building. The Brooklyn Bridge here interrupts the succession of Newspaper Row, hut we may see beyond it the German Hcrold, with the herald sounding his trumpet on the roof. The open space upon which the Tribune fronts is Printing House Square. Over it presides Benjamin Franklin, the patron saint of Printer- dom. The bronze statue is by Plassman. 59 60 NEW YORK. The scene in Printing House Square is characteristic of a newspaper center. Crowds gather about the bulletin boards ; great rolls of paper are unloading for the cylinder presses; yellow delivery wagons are scurrying away with yellower extras, and newsboys and newswomen obstruct the sidewalk and assail us with their shrill but not unmusical cries. If we cross over to Frankfort street, between the Sun and World, in the late afternoon, we shall see, in the clamorous swarms of newsboys awaiting their papers, one of the sights of New York — -one wonders where they all come from and where they all go to after they have passed beyond the newsboy stage. But the great spectacle of Printing House Square comes only once in four years. It is the scene of election night, when Square and Park are one surging mass of humanity gathered to read the returns dis- played on newspaper office transparencies ; to shout and hurrah with delight or groan and hoot in disgust as another county is heard from ; to be enter- tained meanwhile by the newspaper brass bands and to entertain themselves with a thousand hideous, braying horns. It is a typical New York crowd, which means a good-natured crowd, an orderly crowd and a crowd of which it is good to be a part. Southwest of the Park, on Broadway, opposite the Post Office, is the Woolworth Building, its tower rising to a height of 750 feet above the sidewalk — the highest inhabited building in the world. West is the Postal Telegraph Building, and next to it is that of the Home Life, whose white marble front is one of the most beautiful in town. Beyond on the corner of Chambers street rise the square towers of the Shoe and Leather Bank. Beside it is the new Chemical Bank, with its deposits of over $25,000,000, and its shares of capital stock, which, with a par value of $100, sell for more than $4,000. On the upper side of Chambers street is the seventeen- story Broadway Chambers. The white marble office building opposite was formerly the wholesale store of A. T. Stewart, built on the site of an old negro graveyard. Rising above it is the handsome Dun Building; back of it is the Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank, and east is the tremendous bulk of the new Municipal Building. The special architectural feature of the Park in which New Yorkers take just pride is the Citv Hall, much admired by architects for the well-balanced and symmetrical design and the purity of its classic details. It was completed in 1812. The Goddess of Justice, holding her even scales on the cupola, is not so ancient as that; the statue is the successor of the original one which was burned when the Hall caught fire from the fireworks during the great celebration of the laying of the Atlantic Cable in August, 1858. The Hall is built of white marble, but the rear wall is of freestone, for the builders of that day imagined that the city would never go beyond this. To-day the city limits are sixteen miles north The Mayor's room is on the first floor. Under one of its windows on the outside is a tablet recording: "Near this spot in the presence of a •_~u» /J^o C »I;}U.» AT ■i • «I30E. JT. P*UL 1UILDIN0. LOOKING UP PARK ROW. 62 NEW YORK. General George Washington the Declaration of Independence was read and published to the American Army, July 9th, 1776." The halls of the Council and Assembly are on the second floor, and may be visited. The Governor's Room, originally intended for the use of the Governor of the State, is on the second floor. Across the hall from it is a statue of Thomas Jefferson, by David d' Angers, a replica of the one in the Capitol at Washington. The Governor's Room, which is open to the public from 10 to 4 daily (Saturday to noon), contains Trumbull's full- length equestrian portrait of General Washington, and a series of portraits of New York's Governors and other worthies. That of Governor Dix, by Anna M. Lea, represents him as author of the historic dispatch sent by him as Secretary of the Treasury to Win. Hemphill Jones in New Orleans, Jan. 29, 1861 : "If any one attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot." An easel bears a portrait of Washington woven in silk in Lyons, France, at a cost of $10,000. Here, too, are preserved the desk and table used by President Washington during his first term. The table is inscribed in letters of gold : "Washington' writing table, 1789." The fine old mahogany furniture is that which was used by the first Congress of the United States in Federal Hall, in Wall street. A mammoth punch bowl, presented to the city by General Jacob Mor- ton, and bearing the exhortation, "Drink deep ! You will preserve the city and encourage canals," commemorates the celebration of the opening of the Erie Canal. On that occasion. Nov. 4. 1825, Mr. Chas. H. Haswell tells us. "The city fairly 'broke loose' with every possible official and popular rejoicing. At the City Hail fifteen thousand fire balls were ignited and projected." The City Hall has been the scene of many festal celebrations and of solemnities as well. Here in April of 1865 the martyred Lincoln lay in state to receive a tribute of affection and sorrow from a half-million people ; and here in 1885, for a day and a night, the unbroken lines passed reverently by the bier of Grant. Here in 1881 rested the body of the explorer, De Long, rescued from the desolation of the Arctic wastes; and hither, in 1882, from the ship which had brought him from the alien soil of Tunis, they bore the remains of John Howard Payne, to the measured strains of his own "Home, Sweet Home." Back of the City Hall is the County Court House, which was built during the Tweed regime, and cost $12,000,000. The bill for the plastering was $3,000,000. and for the furniture $1000,000. It is a very rich and beautiful specimen of Corinthian architecture, particularly the handsome portico on Chambers street, but it would be built for much less money now. The walk between the City Hall and the Court House is called "Hand-Shaking Alley," so many politicians meet and greet one another here. The dingy little building east of the Court House was formerly the Criminal Court, where tens of thousands have awaited the verdict that was to set them free or send them to prison. Across Chambers street is the new $6,000,000 Hall of Records, in which provision is made for the safe keeping of the deeds of all the rea' estate of Manhattan Island. The building is one of a group which will in the future provide for the city a scries of municipal buildings worthy of the Metropolis. The exterior sculptures of the Hall by Bush-Brown and Macm Poet, ■- :, pan ig (ieveloj lion in United ° ; Net CITY HALL PARK. 63 NATHAN HALE. Macmonnies, include figures of Commerce, Industry, Navigation, History, Poetry, Inscription, Preservation, Law, Maternity and Heritage; groups of the races-Indian, Dutch, English, and Huguenot— which have had Part in the city's past; and statues of twenty-four men prominent in its development. In the southwest corner of the Park, near Broadway, stand-, the .Mac- monnies bronze statue erected by the Society of the Sons of the Revolu- tion in memory of Nathan Hale, a Captain of the Regular Army of the United States of America, who gave his life for his Country in the City of New York, Sept. 22, 1776. In 1776, when the American troops had evacuated New York and were *4 NEW YORK. encamped on Harlem Heights, Captain Hale volunteered to enter the British lines on Long Island and secure for General Washington informa- tion as to the strength and disposition of the enemy's forces. He was arrested, without trial sentenced to death as a spy, denied the presence of a clergyman or the use of a Bible in his last hours, and the letter lit had written to his mother and sisters was destroyed before his face by his executioner. In all the annals of American history it would be difficult to find a more exalted sentiment of patriotism than his dying words, set here in letters of enduring bronze for Broadway's passing throng to read : " I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country." The Park has always been a common. A bronze tablet in the corridor of the Post Office, erected by the Mary Washington Colonial Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, records that "On the common of the City of New York, near where this building now stands, there stood from 1766 to 1776 a liberty pole erected to commemorate the repeal of the Stamp Act. It was repeatedly destroyed by the violence of the Tories, and as repeatedly replaced by the Sons of Liberty, who organized a constant watch and guard. In its defense the first martyr blood of the American Revolution was shed on Jan. 18. 1770." There are two Subway stations in the Park, the City Hall Station and the Brooklyn Bridge Station, which is the largest on the line. A tablet in the pavement in front of the City Hall commemorates the breaking of ground for the tunnel construction by the Mayor on March 24, 1900. 6 ' i;j M Mm';;;, HAT.T. OF RECORDS — CHAMBERS STREET. ... - ^H ■- ••" u ■ : 11 itSJhii ill ' * '* '**• III I. tc lit PJ ~* it ■ ! .i •■« ft J ijii,».;si r. »ii r, r dfck* WOOLWORTE BUILDING — BROADWAY, BARCLAY STREET AND PARK Fifty-five stories; height 750 feet. Photo, copyright. NEW YORK MUNICIPAL BUILDING. There are thirty-four stories of which eight are in the tower. Height from sidewalk to top of the twenty-four foot figure surmounting the tower, 539 feet. Height of tower, from twenty-sixth story, 210 feet. Height from Subway station arcade, 559 feet. Office space 651,000 square feet. The foundation contract was the largest ever given in the country; cost of foundation $1,500,000. Depth of foundation 130 feet, of which 90 feet is below water level. Area of basement over two acres. Area of first floor, 43,000 square feet. Frontage on Center street, 448 feet; Park Row, 361 feet; Duane street, 339 feet; Tryon Row, 71 feet. Cost estimated $7,000,000; probably $10,000,000 when completed. Grace Church. Grace Church, set in the bend at ioth street and closing the vista from the south, is one of the most familiar and most highly cherished of the landmarks of Broadway. It is a beautiful structure of white limestone, with marble spire, in the Decorated Gothic, and was designed by James Renwick, the architect of St. Patrick'-; Cathedral, Clustered about the church is a group of buildings, which arc harmonious with it in design; even the high wall of the business building adjoining has been made to comport with the rest, and all these, with the rectory yard with its lawn and shrubbery, make a picture very grateful to thousands of eyes every day. The church door is always open, and to turn from the bustle of Broadway into the hush of the aisles is like finding the shelter of a great rock where the uproar of the wind is stilled. The interior is rich in sculptured decora- tion, and the memorial windows are exquisite examples of stained glass. The great chancel window has for its subject the Te Deum; in the trans- septs are the Saint-, and the Patriarchs and Prophets. The altar and reredos were given by Miss Catherine L. Wolfe. The porch is a memorial, and so is each one of the ten bells of the chimes in the tower; the great bell hears the name of Rev. Thomas House Taylor, for thirty-three years the rector. The rectory is connected with the church by Grace House, in which are the vestry and clergy rooms and a library and reading room; on the south is the Chantry, where a week-day afternoon service is held. Grace House and the Chantry were given by Miss Wolfe. In the rear is the Grace Memorial House, given by Hon. Levi P. Morton, in memory of his wife; a flay nursery for small children is maintained here. In the rectory yard the greal terra cotta vase was brought from Rome, where it was discovered 40 feel below the surface in excavations for St. Paul's 65 66 NEW YORK. Church. The sun dial has a pedestal fashioned from two of the pin- nacles of Grace Church as first built at Broadway and Rector street in 1809. The present edifice was completed in 1846. A tablet in the right entrance records that the church stands on ground which was owned by Henry Brevoort (died 1841), who had derived it in unbroken descent from the earliest colonists of the New Netherlands. It was this Henry Brevoort who in 1836 prevented the cutting through of nth street from Broadway to Fourth avenue: his house stood in the line of the pro- posed street, and he successfully resisted the projected opening. The bend in Broadway at this point was caused by a deflection of the street to meet the old-time junction of the Bowery and the Bloomingdale road at a point now at Broadway and 17th street. On the south of the building is Grace Church Open Air Pulpit, over- looking the Huntington Close, a bit of greensward and garden, dedi- cated to the memory of Rev. Dr. William R. Huntington, who was for many years rector. Services are held here every Wednesday at 12:30 P. M., to which the public is invited. THE RECTORY YARD OF GRACE CHURCH. Union Square. For the pauper and the stranger dead there must be potter's fields. To the successive reservation of such burial places on Manhattan Island we owe Washington, Union and Madison squares and Bryant Park. Each of them lay originally beyond the city limits, was overtaken by the growth of the town, and its use was abandoned; then each in time became a public park with trees and lawns and winding walks and foun- tains and flowers and statues and nursemaids and children. Union Square lies between Broadway and Fourth avenue. Fourteenth and Seventeenth streets. Broadway makes a bend here, and the cars go around a sharp curve, to which the disasters of the early days of the cable system gave the significant name of "Deadman's Curve." Here southeast of the park stands H. K. Browne's bronze statue of Abraham Lini OLN. The curb bears the words of the Gettysburg speech: "With malice toward none, with charity for all." Across the Square, the equestrian bronze statue of Washington (by the same sculptor) stands close by the spot where General Washington was received by the citizens when he entered the city on its evacuation by the British, Nov. 25, 1783. The Blackfoot Indian, Bear Chief, when he looked upon this statue, saw in Washington's outstretched hand the Indian warrior's sign for "Peace." Facing south on Broadway is the statue of LAFAYETTE, which was erected by French residents in 1876, with the dedication: "To the City of Xew York, France, in remembrance of sympathy in time of trial. 1870-71." The reference is to the period of the Franco-Prussian War. Lafayette is represented as offering his sword to America, 1776; and his words are engraved on the pedestal: "As soon as I heard of American [ndependence, my heart was enlisted." The bronze statue is bj Bartholdi, of Statue of Liberty fame. In the west of the Square 1- the James Fountain, designed by Dunndorf and given to the city by I). Willis James. It is a much admired bronze group of a mother and her two children. The fountain in the center of the Square flowed for the first time Oct. 14. iS4_>. on the occasion of the Croton Water Celebration, when a procession seven miles long filed pasl it in review by Governor Seward. In season there is in the basin a fine display of water lilies. Fourteenth street leads west to the Fifth avenue and Sixth avenue shopping districts; east to the Academy of Music and Tammany Hall TAMMANY HALL is owned by the Tammany Society, a benevolent or- ganization founded in 1789. It took the name from Tammany, a friendly and popular chief of the Delaware tribe of Indians; and it was this chief, who gave to one of the tribes for a totem the tiger, which was afterward adopted by the Tammany Society. The Tammany Hall Gen- eral Committee is a political organization which occupies Tammany Hall as headquarters: it is distinct from the Tammany Society. 67 madisott Square. Madison Square is in the heart of New York. Its boundaries arc Broadway, here at a most brilliant point; Fifth and Madison avenues, names synonymous with wealth and fashion, and Twenty-third street, the most important crosstown thoroughfare in the central part of the city. Beautiful as a park, with its trees and lawns and fountain and statues, the Square is set amid distinguished surroundings. On the west and north are the Fifth Avenue Building, on the Fifth Avenue Hotel site, the Albemarle Hotel and the Hoffman House, and the Croisic and Brunswick buildings. On the northeast the Madison Square Garden lifts its graceful tower 357 feet in air, with the gilded Diana poised on the pinnacle. On the east is the Appellate Court House, described on a following page. The new edifice of the Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church (the pulpit of Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst) with its massive columned portico, tiled dome and gold lantern is in design and liberal use of color a noteworthy departure from the Gothic style of the old church, with spire dwarfed by the surrounding skyscrapers. The Metro- politan Life's stately home is one of the largest office buildings in existence; one should not fail to see the white marble court at the Madison Square entrance and the great central hall. The Square is dominated by the Metropolitan Tower, one of the architectural wonders of the city. On the south, at Broadway and Twenty-third street, is the "Flatiron" Building, described on a previous page. Across Broadway is the Hotel Bartholdi, and adjoining it the American Art Galleries. On Twenty- sixth street, at Madison avenue, are the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the Manhattan Club, a leading Democratic or- ganization. North on Broadway are seen the lofty Townsend and St. James buildings. In the northeast corner of the Square is Bissell's bronze statue of Chester Alan Arthur, Twenty-first President of the United States of America. Vice-President Arthur succeeded to the Presidency after the assassination of President Garfield in 18S1. In the southwest, near Twenty-third street, is the statue of Roscoe Conkling, Senator from New York, 1867-81. The figure is of bronze, by Ward, and represents the orator in the attitude so familiar to his audiences; we may hear him as when in a political convention he stilled the opposition uproar with the words, "The shallow murmur, but the deep are dumb." The memorial was erected by friends on the spot where bewildered and overcome in the terrible blizzard of March 12, 1888, he fell exhausted, and suffered exposure which resulted in his death. Conklin and Arthur were closely associated in public life and were warm friends; it is a suggestive fact that the chance circumstance of a winter's storm should have caused their memorials to lie given place here so near together. The drinking fountain at the southeast corner, designed by Miss Emma Stebbins, was given by Miss Catherine Lorillard Wolfe, whose benefactions to New York's religious, educational, art and charitable objects aggregated $2,000,000. The memorial of William II. Seward occupies a conspicuous position in the southwest facing Broadway. It is of bronze, by Randolph Rogers, 68 Broadway. Fifth Avenue. 'THE FLATIKON"— MADISON SQUARE, BROADWAY AND FIFTH AVENUE. 70 NEW YORK. A m> fi: i^-- -J i ^^^a»lor who hoisted the colors of the flagship as she entered the engagement, dis- played an admiral's flag as a signal for an admiral's salute of seventeen guns. Opposite the Farragut statue, in the triangular plot at the parting of Broadway and Fifth avenue, is the Worth Monument erected by the city in 1857 over the tomb of Major-General William Jenkins Worth, a hero of the War of 1812 and the Mexican War. General Worth was the first to plant the flag of the United States on the Rio Grande, and the first to enter the City of Mexico. He died in Texas in 1849; in 1857 his 72 NEW YORK. remains were interred here. The granite monument bears a bronze por- trait, the legends Ducit amor patricc ("Love of country guides") and "Honor the Brave," and the names of the battles in which General Worth had part. The crossing at Twenty-third street is one of the most crowded and difficult in the city. Here, where the currents of Broadway and Fifth avenue unite, and to them is added that of Twenty-third street, the flood of New York life flows at full tide. One who has looked upon the picture here presented — the incessant crush of business traffic, the stream of equipages on Fifth avenue, the throngs of shoppers and promenaders — one who has seen this has seen New York. Fifth avenue is the route of the great civic and military parades, and the reviewing stand is usually placed opposite the Worth Monument. metropolitan Cower. Metropolitan Tower. — The observation balcony of the Tower is open to visitors during the day (admission fee 50 cents). From the booklet given to visitors we quote: "The dimensions of the Tower are 75 feet on Madison avenue and 85 feet on 24th street; and the total height is 700 feet. In general design and outline it is modeled after the famous Campanile of St. Mark at Venice, which was taken as a prototype, but with such deviations as were necessary to have the Tower in architectural harmony with the main building. "The highest lookout is reached at the balcony of the fiftieth story, 660 feet above the sidewalk level, from which vantage point a most comprehensive and unique panoramic view may be obtained. Within range are visible the homes of over one-sixteenth of the entire popu- lation of the United States." Tower Clock. — One of the interesting and unique features of the building is the mammoth clock, the largest four-dial tower clock in the world, located 346 feet above the sidewalk, and visible far and wide over the city. The dials are built up of reinforced concrete faced with vitreous blue and white mosaic tile. Each dial is 26 feet 6 inches in diameter. The figures on the dial are 4 feet high and the minute marks io l / 2 inches in diameter. The minute-hand measures 17 feet from end to end, 12 feet from center to point, and weighs 1,000 pounds; the hour-hand measures 13 feet 4 inches from end to end, 8 feet 4 inches from center to point, and weighs 700 pounds. The hands are built on iron frames, sheathed with copper, and revolve on roller-bearings. The driving-power of this huge mechanism is electricity, none of the many devices connected therewith requiring any manual operation, the entire installation being automatic. The master clock, located in the Directors' Room on the second floor, not only controls the entire tower clock outfit, but about 100 other clocks throughout the building, as well as several program instruments for sounding various schedules of bells in the different departments. MAD J SON SQUARE. 7.', Through the medium of a special transmitter, minute impulses are sent i" the tower clock mechanism on the twenty-sixth floor, keeping them iu exact synchronism with the master clock; and at each quarter- lectrical impulses are transmitted to the electric hammers on the Fortj sixth story, and simultaneously are heard the notes of the old historic Cambridge chimes, composed by Handel. Following the fourth or last quarter the hours are sounded on the 7,000-pound bell, with an impact of about 200 pounds. This blow, struck on such a large bell, may be heard many miles away. The chime comprises tour hells, the largest weighing 7.000 pounds B flat I : the second, 3,000 pounds ( E flat); the third, 2.000 pounds (F natural), and the smallest. 1.500 pounds (key of G). They are 3 *-"Q u&rter — - — -^ isppiipp riiE METROPOLITAN TOWER CHIMES. mounted on pedestals between the marble columns outside the forty- sixth st,,ry. and are said 1" he twice as high above the sidewalk as any other large hells in the world. A.S the evening darkness draws near, at any predetermined hour for which the mechanism may be adjusted, hundreds of electric lights ap- pear hack of the dial numerals, the minute-marks and the entire length of the hands, all of which are brilliantly illuminated with splendid effeel —a feature never produced by any other clock in the world. Simultaneously with the illumination of the hands and dials, an auto- matically actuated switch lights up a great electric octagonal lantern. eight feet in diameter, located at the top of the Tower, from which powerful electric flashlights, marking the hours in the evening, may 1 distance, far beyond any possible transmission 01 sound, the time beii d therefrom as follow s: Each of the quarter hours is dashed in red and the hours in white light. <>ne red Hash for the quarter, two red dashes for the half, three red flashes for three quarters, and four red Hashes fur the even hour — these latter flashes followed by a number of white flashes marking the hour. 74 NEW YORK. madi$on Square Garden. The Madison Square Garden occupies the block bounded by Fourth and Madison avenues and Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh streets. Its dimensions are 465 X200 feet, and it is the largest amusement building in America. It was completed in 1890 at a cost of $3,000,000. The building material is of pale yellow brick with decorations in white terra-cotta. On the Madison avenue front and extending on either side is an arcade whose arches rest on pillars of polished marble. A colon- nade with polished marble pillars extends around the top story; and there are cupolas, domes, towers and gilded finials. The finest feature of all is the tower which springs from the Twenty-sixth street front, rising 249 feet with unbroken lines, and then by a succession of belfry stages of diminishing size tapering to the pinnacle upon which rests the shining figure of Diana with flying draperies and crescent bow, 356 feet above the sidewalk. The tower is an adaptation (but not a copy) of the Giralda in Seville. The Diana, modeled by Augustus St. Gaudens, is of copper gilded, 13 feet high. The statue is a weather vane, and rests upon ball bearings (forty polished steel balls about the size ot billiard balls), which enable the figure to turn readily, the arrow always pointing into the wind. Electric lights are so disposed as to illuminate the figure at night. The Garden contains a vast amphitheater, 300 x 200 feet and 80 feet in height. It has a permanent seating capacity of 6,000. This may be increased by using the arena floor to 13,000, with standing room in addition. An audience of 14,000 heard Grover Cleveland here in 1892. The Garden is lighted by 7,000 incandescant lights. The Garden is the place of great meetings and expositions and enter- tainments. Here have been held the Horse Show, Dog Show, Poultry Show, Sportsmen's Show, American Institute Fair, Barnum's Circus, Arion Ball, political gatherings and mass meetings. ■ i m - MADISON SQUARE. the Appellate Court Bouse. The Court House oi the Appellate Division oi the Supreme Court oi -he City oi New York is on the east of Madison Square at Madison avenue and Twenty-fifth street. It was completed in 1000 at a cost, including the furnishing, of $750,000. The exterior is decorated with sculptures, and the interior is rich in marbles and mural paintings. The caryatides, by T. S. Clarke, which support the cornice of the Madison avenue front represent the Four Seasons. The group above (by Karl Bitter) represents Peace. The statues on the pedestals of the balustrade are of the Great Law Givers! Alfred, Confucius, Justinian, Lycurgus, Mahomet, Manu Vaivasvata, Moses, St. Louis, Solon, Zoroaster. Flanking the entrance on Twenty-fifth street are two large seated statues of Wisdom and Force, by F. W. Ruckstuhl. The pedestals hear the inscriptions: Every law not based on wisdom is a menace to the State. We must not use force till just laws are defied. The bas-relief of the pediment (by C. H. Niehaus) represents the Triumph of Law over Anarchy; and above is a group (by D. C. French) symbolizing Justice. Reclining on the window pediments are figures of Morning, Noon, Evening, Night, by M. M. Schwartzott. The entrance hall has a wainscoting of Sienna marble and pilasters of the same material, with bronze gold capitals. The frieze spaces are filled with paintings, and the ceiling is modeled in two shades of gold. The Cov' Room is treated in the same manner. The bench, screen and dais are of lark oak, very richly carved. The stained glass dome and windows are inscribed with the names of these eminent jurists: Butler. Choate, Clinton. Fish, Hamilton, Jay, Kent, Legare, Livingston, Marcy, Marshall, O'Conor, Ogden, Pinckney, Shaw, Spencer, Story, Taney. Van Buren Webster. The mural paintings of the two apartments are symbolical and allegorical. The following description of the series is adapted from one published by the architect of the building: In the Entrance Hall the frieze on the north wall, facing the entrance (by H. S. Mi twbray >. represents the Transmission of the 1 .aw. The subjeel is illustrated by eight groups in the following order: Mosaic, Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Norman. Common Law and Modern Law. representing distinct periods that have had their influence on our own. The groups are united in each case by an allegorical winged figure to represent their transmission from one age to another. The frieze on the right-hand side, on the easterly wall of the entrance hall (by Robert ReicH, represents Justice, supported by the Guardians of •.he Law with sword and fasces. She gives Peace and Prosperity to the Arts ttid Sciences. She holds the symbols of the Law, sword, hook and scales. Peace is followed by Education teaching the youth, the book being b'phted by a lamp held by Religion. Prosperity is followed by Drama 76 NEW YORK. THE APPELLATE COURT. (Tragedy holding the mask of Comedy), and Music with harp. The panel on the south wall is the same subject continued. From the left, in order, are Poetry, Painting, Sculpture, Architecture and Fame. The frieze to the left, on the westerly wall (by W. L. Metcalf), repre- sents Justice. The two lunettes between the entrance doors on the southerly wall (by C. Y. Young) represent Law and Equity. In the Court Room the central panel (by H. O. Walker) represents W : sdom, attended by Learning, Experience, Humility and Love; and by Fa.th, Patience, Doubt and Inspiration. The figure of Wisdom is intended to personify Biblical or spiritual wisdom. The figure of Love is meant to carry out the sentiment of the figure o f Wisdom. The panel to the right (by E. H. Blashfield) represents, The Powers of the Law. The panel to the left (by Edward Simmons) represents Justice of the Law The two frieze panels to the right and left (by George W. Maynard), represent the seals of the City and State. The long frieze on the west wall, behind the dais of the Justices (by Kenyon Cox) represents gener- ally the Reign of Law. The small frieze panels between the pilasters and the windows (by Joseph Lauber) represent Moderation, Veneration, Per- spicuity, Eloquence, Reticence, Research, Unity, Fortitude, Justice, Truth, Philosophy, Courage, Patriotism, Logic, Knowledge and Prudence. The four end panels represent the four Cardinal Virtues. fifth Avenue. Fifth \venue is New York's fashionable thoroughfare, famed for its costly residences and the people who live in them, its hotels, clubs, churches and libraries, and the brilliant social display which gives to the street its dominant air. Beginning at Washington Square on the south, it extends north six miles, past the Central Park to the Harlem River. The double-decked electric stages which ply from Washington Square north afford a convenient means of seeing the avenue. Washington Square has a statue of the Italian patriot Giuseppe Garibaldi, presented by Italian residents of the United States. A bronze bust erected by engineers of America and Europe commemorates Alex ander L. Holley as "foremost among those whose genius and energy established in America and improved throughout the world the manu- facture of Bessemer steel." A conspicuous feature of the Square's sur- roundings is the Judson Memorial Baptist Church, its campanile sur- mounted by a cross, which is illuminated at night and makes a pretty picture seen through the Washington Arch. The large building the Square belongs to the New York University, which has here certain of its schools. The Washington Arch, spanning the drive at the beginning of Fifth avenue, is a perpetuation of the one designed by Stanford White for the tion in 1889 of the centennial of Washington's Inauguration a? firsl President. It is of white marble. 77 feet in height, and has a span of 30 f( ost of $128,000 was defrayed by popular subscription. The words from Washington's Inaugural Address are engraved upon it: "Let us raise a standard to which the wise and honest can repair. The event is in the hands of I The aristocratic mansions on the north occupy part of the Randall farm, which in 1N01 Capt. Roberj Richard Randall bequeathed for a Snug Harbor for superannuated sailors. The Harbor is situated on Staten 1 viand, and is still supported by the old farm, which, extending north to Tenth street and east to Fourth avenue, yields a rental income of $500,000 a year. These North Washington Square houses have about them a fine flavor of yesterday, and preserve an old-fashioned air which accentuates their dignity as conservers of the old-time gentility. This small section at the beginning of the Avenue has maintained a resi- dential character and exclusiveness, of which the Avenue to the north lias been robbed by the inexorable encroachment of business, At 23d street the Avenue cros and borders Madison On the right at 23d street is the huge Flatiron Building. On the left is the Fifth Avenue Building, and the vista of Broadway stretches away to the north. 77 78 NEW YORK. '; \ftUW ' I ~n\ ^^^^9*p-< ""™T^^'' f WASHINGTON ARCH — LOOKING UP FIFTH AVENUE. At 25th street the Farragut statue is on the right and the Worth monument on the left. At 27th street is the Victoria Hotel, and on the northwest corner the Reform Club; at 28th the Knickerbocker apart- ments; at 29th the Calumet Club on the southeast, and the Marble Collegiate Church; at 30th street the Holland House; at No. 319 the Knickerbocker Club, and extending from 33d to 34th the Waldorf- Astoria, an impressive and picturesque structure in the German Ren- aissance style, owned by William Waldorf Astor and Colonel John Jacob Astor. The estimated cost was $12,000,000. Opposite the Waldorf- Astoria is the white marble building of the Knickerbocker Trust Com- pany; next to it yEolian Hall. On the east, 34th to 35th streets, is the Altman store. At 36th street is the Gorham Company, and at 37th street Tiffany's. FIFTH AVENUE. 79 Murray Hill begins at 34th street. The district so designated, in- cluding the Avenue and the side streets, was long the most fashionable residence section of New York. The name was derived trom the (arm of Robert Murray, a Pennsylvania Quaker, who came here before the Revolution, and whose housi ..." «as on the Boston High Road, at the present intersection of Thirty-sixth street and Madison avenue, one block east from Fifth avenue. The Murrays are remembered also for a signal service to the American troops in 1776. On Sept. L5, 1776, Wa I forces being in retreat from the lo the city, and the British seel them, Genera] Howe and his staff halted at "Inclenberg" to inqu long since the Americans had passed. As a matter of fact, it was only ten minutes. but the good old Quaker lady assured the British officers that so much time had elapsed that pursuit was hopeless; and the day being insufferably hot, she invited them to alight and refresh themselves. Then with cake and wine and wit si tained them and detained them two hours, during which time the Americans made good their retreat to Harlem Heights. A s,.n of these Murray-, of Murray Hill was Lindley Murray, who published a famous "Grammar <>t the English Language" in 1795, and of whom it is often colloquially said that some lap "would make Lindley Murray turn in his grave." At 39th street is the Union League Club, organized by Republicans in 1863 to assist the Union cause. It is perhaps the New York club which has the widest, national reputation. It is one of the largest in the city, with a membership oi [,800. The Queen Anne club house cos) $400,000. The New York Public Library occupies the site of the old Croton distributing reservoir extending from Fortieth street to Forty-second street. The building contains the general administration offices, the central reference collection of over a million volumes, and a circula- tion collection of 30,000 volumes. It was built by the city at a cost of about $9,000,000. Carrere and Hastings wore the architects. The cornerstone was laid on Nov. 10, 1902; the building was opened to the public on May 23. 191 1. The building is in form of a rectangle, 390 feet long and 270 feet deep, built around two inner courts, each about eighty feet square. The area covered is about 115,000 square feet. The material is largely Ver- mont marble. There are seats for 768 readers in the main reading room, and seats in other public rooms bring the total capacity up to 1,760. In the main stack room are 334,530 feet (63.3 miles) of shelving, with capacity for about 2,500,000 volumes. Book stacks in the special read- ing rooms amount to about 70,000 feet, with capacity for about 500.000 volumes. The main reading room is on the third (topi floor of the building, on the west or Bryant Park side. It is reached by stairs leading from the Fifth avenue entrance or, more easily, by the elevators in the hall to the left of the Forty-second street entrance on the street level. Subject to a few simple regulations, any well-behaved, unobjectionable person may have brought to him, for consultation within this room, practically any book in the building. For detailed investigation special reading rooms are provided in various parts of the building, where a reader may have direct access to the books there shelved To these special reading rooms admission will he granted on a single occasion by the librarian in charge of each; for admission for an extended period tickets granting this privilege must be obtained from the librarian in charge 80 NEW YORK. of the public catalogue room (315) or from the director (room 210). A visitor who wishes a definition, direction or similar brief summary will probably find it most convenient to use the few reference books in the circulation room (80) opposite the Forty-second street entrance. If these fail he will have to go to the main reading room. A visitor who wishes to spend an hour in casual or aimless browsing may do so in the circulation room (80), or among the books on open shelves in the main reading room, or among the current periodicals in the room at the southeast corner of the first floor (in). West is Bryant Park, much resorted to by nurse maids and children. It has a bust of Washington Irving and a statue of Dr. J. Marion Sims, paid for by dollar contributions from 10,000 of the great surgeon's patients and friends. 42d street leads east to the Grand Central Station, and the Manhattan and Belmont hotels. The Temple Emanu-El at 43d street is one of the largest Jewish synagogues in the city, and is regarded as a fine example of Saracenic architecture. West of the Avenue in 43d street is the Century Club. On the northeast corner of 44th street is Delmonico's, and diagonally across from it is Sherry's. Delmonico's is the most famous restaurant in America, and one of the best known in the world. Sherry's is a younger establishment of the same character, and each is the scene of many social functions — dinners, receptions, society debuts and balls. "Delmonico and Brothers," records Mr. Chas. H. Haswell, "opened a coffee, cake and confectionery shop in the year 182S at No. 23 William street, in a single room, in which they and the female members of their family dispensed bon-bons, coffee, liquor, pates and confections." In 1842 John Delmonico, then the head of the house, died of apoplexy, caused by his excitement at firing at a deer; and the "bereft" but thrifty family caused to be printed this notice: "A CARD: The widow, brother and nephew Lorenzo of the late much respected John Delmonico tender their heartfelt thanks to the friends, Benevolent societis and Northern Liberty Fire Engine Com- pany, who accompanied his remains to his last home. The establishment will be re- opened to-day, under the same firm of Delmonico Brothers, and no pains of the bereft family will be spared to give general satisfaction. Restaurant, bar-room, and private dinners, No. 2 South William Street; furnished rooms No. 76 Broad Street, as usual." In 44th street west of the Avenue are the Harvard, Yale, St. Nicholas, Twelfth Night, and New York Yacht Clubs, and Bar Asso- ciation. The Windsor Arcade site between 46th and 47th was occupied by the ill-fated Windsor Hotel, which was destroyed by fire in 1899 with a terrible loss of life. The house on the northeast corner of 47th street, No. 579, is the home of Miss Helen Gould. At No. 617 is the Demo- cratic Club, the social headquarters of the leaders of Tammany Hall. At 50th street is the Buckingham Hotel. St. Patrick's Cathedral occupies the block from 50th to 51st street; in the rear of the Cathedral is the Archiepiscopal Residence, the home of the Archbishop. The Union Club has a sumptuous new home on the corner, fronting on 51st street. St. Patrick's Cathedral is the largest and most beautiful church edifice in America, and holds high rank as an example of the decorated and geometric style ot (Jothic architecture to which belong the cathedrals of Rheims, Amiens and Cologne, .Ml the Continent; and the naves of York, Westminster and Exeter in England. The 82 NEW YORK. architect was James Renwick, who designed the Smithsonian Institution in Wash- ington. The corner-stone was laid by Archbishop Hughes, August 15, 1858, in the presence of 100,000 people; and the edifice was dedicated May 25, 1879, by Cardinal McCloskey, with thirty-six Archbishops and Bishops and more than 450 priests parti- cipating in the rites. The material above the granite base course is white marble from Westchester county, N. Y., and Lee, Mass. The cost of the land was over $60,000, and of the building $2,000,000. The seating capacity of the pews is 2,500. The plan is cruciform. The exterior length is 332 feet, breadth 174 feet, towers at base 32 feet, height of central gable on the Fifth avenue front 156 feet, height of spires 330 feet. Interior height 306 feet, breadth of nave 96 feet (with chapels 120 feet), length of transept 140 feet. The interior is divided into a nave, two transepts and a choir or sanctuary. The roof is supported by massive white marble columns, clustered, 35 feet in height; the arches between the columns rising to a height of 54 feet, and the ceiling of the center arch to a height of 77 feet. The ceilings are groined and richly moulded. Of the seventy windows thirty-seven are figured, their subjects drawn from Scripture and the lives of the saints; and twenty more are filled with cathedral stained glass. The principal one of the figured series is the six-bayed window of St. Patrick. The High Altar at the east end of the central aisle, has a reredos 33 feet in width and 50 feet in height, of carved Poitiers stone; in the center tower of the reredos is a statue of Christ, and in the flanking towers are statues of St. Peter and St. Paul. The altar is of purest Italian marble inlaid with alabaster and precious marbles. The front is divided into panels representing in bas-reliefs the Last Supper, the Carrying of the Cross, the Agony in the Garden; and niches contain statues of the Four Evan- gelists. The altar tabernacle is of marble richly decorated, and has a door of gilt bronze set with emeralds and garnets. The high altar was a gift from Cardinal McCloskey, who, dying in 1SS5, was entombed beneath it; and here also lies Arch- Dishop Hughes. Under the floor of the sanctuary near the high altar is a crypt for the entombing of the Archbishops of New York. The Cathedral is open during the day. On the west side, between 51st and 52d streets, are the brown stone -esidences known as the Vanderbilt twin-houses. In the lower one, No. 640, owned by George Vanderbilt, lives Henry C. Frick; and in the other one, No. 642, William D. Sloane. On the upper side of S2d street is the residence of W. K. Vanderbilt. At 53d street is the site of the ultra-fashionable St. Thomas's Church (Protestant Episcopal, burned in 1905; to be rebuilt at a cost of $500,000). On the lower side of 54th street are the two houses (Nos. 680 and 684) built for daughters of Wm. H. Vanderbilt. Mrs. W. Seward Webb and Mrs. H. McK. T womb ley. On the upper side of 54th street is the University Club. The mem- bership is composed of graduates of universities and colleges. The sculptured seals of eighteen colleges are employed for the exterior decorations. On the Avenue side in the lower tier are the seals of Williams, the Naval Academy, West Point, and Brown; in the upper tier, Cornell, Hamilton, Dartmouth and New York University. ( >n the 54th street front, in the lower tier, Columbia, Yale, Harvard, Princeton; and in the upper tier the College of the City of New York, Trinity, Kutgers, the University of Pennsylvania, Union, and Amherst. In 54th street, in the first house on the lower side, lives John D. Rockefeller. The Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church is at 55th street. On the east is the Hotel St. Regis, on the West the Hotel Gotham. At 57th street, on the four corners respectively are the homes of Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt (northwest), Herman Oelrichs (northeast), Harry Payne Whitney (southwest), Mrs. C. P. Huntington (southeast).- The Whitney House, now occupied by Harry Payne Whitney, was formerly owned by his father, William C. Whitney, Secretary of the Navy under Cleveland. It was here that President Cleveland received Li Hung Chang; and the story went that Earl Li was so impressed by the magnificence of the spacious interior that he found it ST. PATRICK S CATHEDRAL. 8 4 NEW YORK. difficult to believe that this was simply a private house. The Oerlichs House was formerly owned by Mrs. Paran Stevens. The Huntington House, which has the exterior of a penal institution, is of rich construction within; there are an onyx and statuary marble staircase that cost $190,000, a grand ball room and other costly features. The house was built by the late C. P. Huntington, at a cost of $2,000,000. For a long time after it was finished Mr. Huntington hesitated to move into it, because, as was explained, he was superstitious enough to believe the old saying that it is not safe for an old man to move into a new house, for it is likely that he will soon die in it. Not until after his adopted daughter had been married in the house would he consent to live in it. Mr. Huntington died in 1900. The Cornelius Vanderbilt House is for size and grandeur one of the most notable on the Avenue. It extends from 57th to 5Sth streets, and has a frontage on the side streets of 125 feet. The style is that of the Chateau de Boise in France; and the exterior effect is much enhanced by the garden which borders the Avenue side and by the porte-cochere on the 5Sth street end. The main entrance is on 58th street, and a feature of the interior is the great hall, finished in highly carved Caen stone, 42 feet broad, 50 feet long, and extending to the top of the house, with a winding staircase also of Caen stone. The rooms on the first floor include the large salon decorated in the style of Louis XV., a smaller salon in the style of Louis XVI., the library finished in mahogany, the grand ball room, which occupies a space 61 by 50 feet and is 40 feet high, and dining, breakfast, and smoking rooms. The house has been described as "a veritable palace, being built on the plan of those in Europe, and its grand magnificence becomes apparent only on fete occasions. The main floor, adapted especially for entertainment, with its grand stone hall, its great ball room, which is said to outshine in elegance and grandeur the state apartments of royalty, and its series of large connecting rooms, discloses an arrangement architecturally per- fect and harmonious. The elaborate carvings, decorations and furnishings have been made and selected by experts in the various branches of architecture and decoration, with a view to artistic effect and elegance, and the result is a vast floor of magnifi- cent stateliness." Cornelius Vanderbilt died in 1899. THE METROPOLITAN CLUB. FIFTH AVENUE. BS UNIVERSITY CLUB. At 58th and 59th streets is the Plaza, an open square which is remarkable for its architectural and social surroundings On the east are the great hotels Savoy and Netherland; on the south the Cornelius VanderMt house; on the west is the Plaza Hotel, and on the north antral Pari, The principal entrance to the Park is here; this is the town > s fashionable drive, and in the afternoon we shall fi » d here a ^"; stant stream of equipages coming and going, and crowds of pedestrians and promenaders on the Avenue and in the Park. NEW YORK. CORNELIUS VANDERBILT HOUSE. The Metropolitan Club's House at 6oth street occupies a site which was once owned by the Duchess of Marlborough. The building, of white marble, with Numidian marble halls, cost with the ground $1,500,000, and is one of the finest club houses in the world. On ac- count of the enormous fortunes possessed by its members, the club is known as the "Millionaires' Club." Next to the Metropolitan Club is the residence of Elbridge T. Gerry, founder of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Mr. Gerry's is the first one in the long succession of palatial residences fronting the Park above 60th street, which constitute what is popularly called "Millionaires' Row." They are houses remarkable for size, diversified style, and the impressive architectural effect of the exteriors; and yet more for the costliness, lavish luxury and magnificence of the interiors. Among the many notable residences we have space to men- tion but a few. At 65th street the double house was the home of Mrs. William Astor and Colonel John Jacob Astor; and at 66th street the house built for the late H. O. Havemeyer. Colonel Oliver H. Payne lives in No. 852. No. 855 is Perry Belmont's, and No. 856 H. O. Armour's. The house on the north corner of 67th street is George Gould's. No. 858, the double house long occupied by the late Isaac Stern, is noted for the rich interior effects, which are secured with choice marbles, rare woods and tapestries and hangings from the most famous looms. No. 864, which was owned by the late C. T. Yerkes, cost $3,000,000, and its FIFTH AVENUE. *7 RESIDENCE OF ANDREW CARNEGIE. $2,000,000 collection of paintings and art treasures constituted the largest private art gallery in America. On the north side of 68th street, No. 871, was the home of William ('. Whitney, who. after paying $650,000 for the house, remodeled and rebuilt the interior, and made it one which for beauty and costliness of decoration is believed to be without a rival in this country. It 1- furnished throughout in the Italian Renaissance style, the aim being to repro- duce as nearly as possible a Venetian or Florentine palace of the days of Leonardi da Vinci and Michel Angelo. There is scarcely a modern piece of work to be seen, except the floors; the decorations are all original antiques collected abroad, and each perl cl specimen that -kill could selecl and money buy. The chimnej pieces t< works in marble from old Italian palaces; the hang from similar sourci s; the ceilings of several rooms have been taken bodily from famous buildings in Europe, and the furniture and much of the woodwork are of a like character. In the principal ball a portrait of Charles I., by Van Dyck, hangs at of a short flight of steps, and a religious piece by Lorenzo Costa on the other. Between them is a splendid silver hanging lamp, a masterpiece of old Italian i The dining room walls are covered with sixteenth century wall paintings. The chimney-piece is a magnificent specimen of it- kind, while the great bronze firedogs are said to be the finest in America. In the library the bookcases and paneling are of old oak. carved with an elaborateness of detail found in none except the work of I' vorkmen. The ball room is reached by a corridor which is paneled with inlaid woods in quaint design and of workmanship. The ball room is pure Louis XIV. The walls are entirely covered with paneling in high relief, which was once in the chateau of Phoebus d'Albert, near ix. In the time of Louis Philippe these paneling- were taken to a house in tnd From there they were brought to tin- country. Every scrap of furniture in the room i- also of the Louis XIV. period, the ceiling and floor being the only modern portions of the apartment.— AV;e York Times. NEW YORK. KEMl'EXCE OF SEXATOR \V. A. CLARK. At 70th street, recessed in the wall of Central Park, is the Hunt Memorial. It consists of a hronze bust of the architect, by D. C. French, with a curved stone bench. The dedication is: "To Richard Morris Hunt, Oct. 31, 1828 — July 31, 1895, in recognition of his services in the cause of art in America, this memorial was erected by the Art Societies of America." On the south corner of 74th street is the immense brown stone house known as the Pickhardt House. A curious history attaches to the house. It was built, unbuilt and rebuilt by William Pickhardt, an eccentric millionaire dealer in chemicals, who became possessed by an ambition to outdo the Stewart palace at 34th street. Architects of England, Germany and America were invited to compete, and the plans of an American were adopted. The stone for the walls was imported from quarries near Mr. Pickhardt's birthplace in Germany. Work was begun in 1S75. After the foundations had been finished at a cost of $100,000, Mr. Pickhardt changed his plans, and the work was interrupted for a year. When the walls of the first story had been completed, there FIFTH AVENUE. So was another change of plan, followed by another prolonged interruption. The work then progressed until three stories had been built, when another change was decided on, and the weary architect threw up his job. A contractor was employed to tear down two stories, and a now architect and new builder were put in charge. The builder was a German, and went to Germany on a vacation and died there, builder was found, and at last, in 1889, after fourteen years of building, tearing down and rebuilding, and an expenditure of over (1,000,000, thi housi was roofed. Then .Mr. Pickhardt concluded that it was not what he wanted, and declared that I never live in it. It stood vacant six years, and was then put up at auction and sold I A Few months latei Mr. Piskhardl died. The new owner made some more alterations, and eventually th< ccupied. The gill ribbed dome of the Hebrew Temple Beth El at 76th street is one of the most effective architectural features of the neighborhood, and has a conspicuous place in the vistas and views from the walks and drives of Central Park. The interior is rich with columns and arches of onyx. The land and the edifice cost $750,000. At 77th street is Senator W. A. Clark's mansion, one of the most conspicuous examples of architectural riot in the city. A year and a half were consumed in preparing the foundations, which were in places sunk by caissons through (6 feet of water to bedrock 30 feet below the sidewalk. At s_'d streel is the Metropolitan Museum of Art. At 90th street is the million dollar residence of Andrew Carnegie, having the unusual feature of a spacious garden surrounding it. Central Park Gates on Fifth Avenue are at these streets: 59th, 64th (Menagerie), 67th, 72d, 79th, Xj>\ (Museum of Art), 85th, 90th. 96th. n>_>d. innih. and 1 inlh. XK\\ PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD SI \Tlo\. Central ParK. Central Park extends from 59th street north to 110th street, and from Fifth avenue west to Eighth avenue. It is two and one-half miles long and one-half mile wide. The area comprises 879 acres of diversified woodland, meadow, lawn, lakes and ponds ; and the Park ranks as one of the most beautiful pleasure grounds in the world. There are gY 2 miles of carriage roads, 5j4 miles of bridle paths and 28*4 miles of walks. The Park is reached by the Fifth avenue stages, Madison, Sixth and Eighth avenue and Broadway cars and the Sixth avenue elevated. The principal entrance is the Scholar's Gate at Fifth avenue and 59th street. This is the beginning of the main drive through the Park. The several entrances are : Fifth Avenue— 59th, 64th, 67th, 72d, 79th, 85th, 90th, 96th, I02d and 110th streets. Sixth Avenue— 59th and 110th streets. Seventh Avenue — 59th and 110th streets. Eighth Avenue (Central Park West)— 59th. 72d. 79th, 85th, 96th, 100th, 105th and 110th streets. A convenient way of seeing the Park is by the Park carriages, which will be found at the 59th street gates at Fiftb and Eighth avenues, and at Lenox avenue and noth street (inside the Park). They may also be taken on the drive near any of the entrances, or at any point in the Park, a passengej being returned to the place of embarkation. The carriages make the circuit of the Park in one hour ; tbe fare is 25 cents, with stop-over privileges. A line of electric stages runs from the Fifth avenue and 59th street entrance through the Park to 72d street, thence on Riverside Drive to Grant's Tomb; fare 25 cents, round trip 40 cents. CENTRAL PARK. 93 THE BETHESDA FOUNTAIN. The Park carriage route from the Scholar's Gate is on the main East Drive to the Marble Archway at the Mall, then the West I 'rue. with the Baseball Ground on the left and the Mall on the right, to the Terrace; thence past the Webster Statue on the West Drive to 70th Street, where a stop-over is given for the Museum of Natural History. Thence pasl the upper Croton Reservoir and the lawn tennis field to McGowan's Pass* and Mt. St. Vincent (where a stop-over is given for the restauranl I : and then turning south the carriage Follows the Easl Drive to the Obelisk and Museum of Ait. where a stop over i- given. The carriage now proceeds to the Fifth avenue gate at 79th street, and thence along the East Drive, hav- •The rocky defile of McGowan's Pass, named after a farmer who lived near by, is asso- ciated with an incident of the Revolution. ( >n Sept 1">. 1776 stragglers of the Ameri- can troops passed through the Pass in their retreat to Harlem. The British in pursuit here met a patriot lad, Andrew McGowan, and pressed him into service to show the way the Americans had gone. He led the troopers a devious course over a wrong road, and thus by his ready wit gave the Americans tim< to escape. Mt. St. Vincent was so called because St. Vincent's Convent stood here before the property Was acquired for park purposes. 94 NEW YORK. THE BOW BRIDGE— SHOWING HOTEL MAJESTIC AND THE DAKOTA. ing Fifth avenue on the left, and giving glimpses of the Conservatory Water, where the boys sail miniature yachts, and of Ward's fine statue of "The Pilgrim," a gift from the New England Society to commemorate the landing of the Pilgrims in 1620. This brings us back to the Terrace Bridge, and from here the route is to the Scholar's Gate over the way bj which we entered. A plan which will give a comprehensive seeing of the Park is to go over the carriage course as above to the Museum of Art, and then complete the trip on foot, from the Museum visiting the upper Reservoir near by, then the Obelisk, Belvedere, Ramble, Lake, Terrace and Mall. Entering by the 50TH street gate at Fifth, Sixth, Seventh or Eighth avenues, and following the main walk toward the center of the Park, we come shortly to the Mall, which is the central place of concourse in the AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. CENTRAL PARK. 95 the chief architectural adorn- Park, a l)rna s; 9 to s ( n Sal urday and Sunday : and from ( )ct. 1 through the \\ inter on Tuesday and Saturday evenings to 10. Admission Monday and 'rue-day. 25 cents: other day-, free, also free Tuesday and. Saturday evenings. * The present buildings form part of a group which will cover the entire square. The department- of the Museum embrace Geology Mineral-. Mam- mals and Birds, Vertebrate Palaeontology, Anthropology, Entomologj and Invertebrate Zoology. The collections in the several halls are ext and complete; from the stuffed effigy of the elephant Jumbo to microscopic specimens of beetles, the world of nature is lure presented, classify 1 and labeled for study. Among the most striking exhibits arc cases of taxi- dermy groups, exquisite representations of birds and mammal- amid their life surroundings; the forty eight groups of birds and twenty two of mam mals were produced at a cost of $45,000. Of bird specimens for study, the Museum possesses 60,000, and of mammals 20.000. In Entomology there are the Jesup collection of economic entomology, Elliot of 6600 buttei flies and moths, Angus of [3,000 butterflies, Edwards of 250.000 butterflies, Schaus of 5.000 moth-. Hoffman of 5,000 butterflies, a collection of 10,000 beetles and a series illustrating insect architecture. North American for- estry is shown in the Jesup collection of woods, embracing more than 500 specimen-; and of North American building stones there are 1.500. Gems and pearl- are shown in the famous Tiffany collection, presented by J. P. Morgan. There are more than 10.000 shells; and marine life i- illustrated by extensive series. In archaeology and ethnology there are collections from all parts of the world; the Christian Missions collections number thousands of objects illustrating the customs and domestic life of different races. Metropolitan Mi of Art. metropolitan museum of m. The Metropolitan Museum of Art occupies a site in Central Park, the imposing East Wing fronting on Fifth avenue, opposite 82d street. It is open every week day from 10 to 6 in summer, and 10 to 5 in winter; Saturday, 10 A. M. to 10 P. M. ; Sunday, 1 to 5. An admission fee of 25 cents is charged on Monday and Friday in the day time. Admission is free on other days. On pay days one has the advantage of there being a smaller number of visitors; Saturdays and Sundays are as a rule unfavorable because of the crowds. The Museum is a private corporation, founded in 1870 by a number of public-spirited citizens, and managed by a board of trustees. The Mu- seum building was provided by the city. The Metropolitan is the largest and richest art museum in America; it is a vast storehouse of treasures in the several departments of the fine arts ; all times and all peoples have con- tributed to it, and we shall find material for endless study. The most advantageous way to see the Museum is to make a series of visits, devoting each one to a particular collection or group. The province of the Standard Guide is to indicate only in the most general way the scope of the collection. Visitors should use the catalogues which are sold in the hall near the entrance; that of the paintings costs 20 cents; the others 10 cents each. The central Grand Hall contains the Willard Collection of Archi- tectural Casts, reproducing details of the notable architecture of many periods. Conspicuous are the models, on a scale of one-twentieth of the original, of the Parthenon, the Pantheon, Notre Dame, and the Hypostyle Hall of Karnac. On the walls are two immense paintings, "Justinian in Council," by Benjamin-Constant, and "Diana's Hunting Party," by Makart. Sculptural Plaster Casts. — Halls 6 to 11 contain reproductions of sculpture. There are over 800 examples, beginning at a time 3,700 years B. C, and illustrating the development through the Egyptian, Assyrian, Persian, Greek, Roman and Mediaeval periods, and the Italian Renaissance. Here are the crude beginnings of antiquity and the noble works of the masters. Pheidias is represented by the sculptures of the Parthenon (Hall 8) and Praxiteles by his world-renowned Aphrodite (No. 34 in Hall n). The Venus of Melos is in Hail 11. In Hall 8 the Galatian Warrior, the Herakles ("Torso of the Belvedere"), and the Laokoon group. The por- trait grave-monuments in Hall 8 have touching interest. "Archestrate greatly longed-for by her Husband" one is inscribed. In Hall 7 the Spi- nario, or Boy extracting a Thorn from his Foot always attracts attention. The Italian Renaissance subjects are in Hall 9, among them, Ghiberti's Door of the Baptistery at Florence. Donatellc's David, "Gattamelata," and Judith and Holofernes. Luca della Robbia's Dancing and Playing Children; and Assumption of the Virgin, in Hall 2. Michel- Angelo's David (No. 118), Moses (No. 131), Captive, wearied or musing (No. 132) ; Captive, struggling to burst his bond (No. 133), and the monumental figures .5 ^ « x E - 2 S 3 s toa NEW YORK. of the Tombs of the Medici in Florence — "Night" and "Day," "Evening" and "Dawn," and the portrait statues of Giuliano and Lorenzo, the last known as "II Pensiero" from the attitude of profound thought. In Halls 2 and 3 are wrought-iron work, bronzes and reproductions of bronzes. Macmonnies' Bacchante, which was intended for the Boston Public Library in the Hall of Sculpture, where is shown the Museum's extensive collection of modern works. Among notable works are Ruck- stuhl's Evening, Story's Medea, Cleopatra, and Semiramis; Bartlett's Bohemian Bear Tamer; the Two Natures of Man; Harriet Hosmer's 7enobia ; Roger's Ruth and Nydia ; Millet's Ariadne; Prosper d'Epinay's .-".ippho, and many others. In the hails devoted to Egyptian Antiquities are sarcophagi and mum- my-cases; mummies of human beings, crocodiles, cats and the ibis; sculp- tures, scarabs, amulets, textile fabrics, and objects illustrating the domestic life and mortuary customs of the Egyptians, extending to a period nearly 4000 B. C. The Cesnola Collection of Cypriote Antiquities consists of thousands of objects exhumed on the island of Cyprus, comprising stone sculptures, pottery and glass. There is also, in the entrance hall, the Marquand Collection of Glass — Phoenician, Greek. " Roman. Venetian and Florentine — which, with other glass, makes the Museum's collection unique and unrivalled. In other halls on the first floor are shown ancient armor, reproductions of bronze, and wood carvings. Galleries on the second floor contain the following collections: Balcony 3. The Morgan collection of Chinese porcelains. Balcony 4. Drawings and etchings by old masters. Tapestries. Gallery 8. Coles Gallery of Tapestries, Capo di Monte Ware, Vases. 14-15. Reproductions in metal of objects in European museums. Oriental pottery. Glass. Tanagra figurines, Japanese ivories, sword guards, basket work. 16. Greek, Roman, Etruscan antiquities. Goddess Cybele in chariot drawn by lions. Statue of Emperor Publius Septimus. Bronze Mirrors. 17. Chinese Porcelain. 18. Ellis collection of arms and armor. Suits of mail, swords, cross-bows, guns, pistols. 19. Old laces. Presented by Mrs. John Jacob Astor and others. jo 21. Japanese porcelains and pottery. Note Dancing Demons. 22. Gold and Silver Room. Engraved gems. Ornaments. Military medals and decorations. Babylonian seal cylinders. 2^. Fans and textile fabrics. Lazarus Collection of Fans. 24. European porcelains. Louis XVI vases, Portland Vase. 25. 26, 27, 28. Crosby-Brown Collection of the Musical Instruments of All Nations. More than 2,500 instruments. 29. Miscellaneous — Potteries. Ivories, bronzes, carvings. American an- tiquities. Buddhist sacred book. Hindu God Krishna. Chinese idols. Capo di Monte ware. Enamels. Medals. Siamese and Burmese coins. The Museum also possesses extensive collections of portraits, medals. and various historic relics of Washington, Franklin and Lafayette. )The Paintings, which fill eleven galleries on the second floor, number over 700, and comprise "examples of nearly all the important schools of 104 NEW YORK. painting from Jan Van Eyck and Hubert Van Eyck (1390-1440) to the latest and most interesting of the modern painters." Of the 700 pictures it would be impossible to designate even in limited number those which for one quality or another deserve special attention. For our purpose it will be of practical aid to one whose time is limited to name some of the paintings which are most popular. The explanatory notes marked "C." are from the catalogue. Twenty-five of the most popular pictures in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 181. The Mystery of Life. Carl Marr. An old man tired of life, having courted death in every form without avail, discovers the lifeless form of a beautiful young girl on the shore, and cries in the agony and pity of his heart to his Maker to know why one so young and beautiful should be lost, and he, worn, weary and sad, allowed to live. — C. 232. Washington Crossing the Delaware. Emanuel Leutze. On Dec. 25, 1776. Washington determined to surprise the British at Trenton. Christmas night was selected for the enterprise. "The river was so full of floating ice that at first it was doubtful whether a crossing could be effected at all. A storm of sleet and snow had just com- menced, and the night became excessively dark and dreary. The perilous voyage began early in the evening in boats and bateaux, but it was nearly four in the morning before the little army was mustered on the Jersey shore." — C. 235. Last Moments of John Brown. Thomas Hovenden. John Brown, the Abolitionist, having invaded Virginia with a band of fol- lowers for the purpose of liberating the slaves by inciting an insurrection, was condemned to death and hanged at Charleston, Va., Dec. 2, 1859. "He met his death with serene composure." 247. Christopher Columbus at the Court of Ferdinand the Catholic and Isabella of Castile. Vacslav von Brozik (1852-1901). 317. Peace and Plenty. George Inness. 417. Religious Procession in Brittany. Jules Breton (1827 — ). In Brittany almost every saint has his special patronage and on his fete day a pilgrimage or pardon is celebrated, when indulgence for past sins is obtained. These pardons take place at fixed periods around about certain churches, but often in uncultivated fields, where tents are erected, and where the fete continues for several days, and is attended by thousands of the peasantry. — C. The Last Token— A Christian Martyr. Gabriel Max (1840 — ). "Lost." A. F. .A Schenck. Weaning the Calves. Rosa Bonheur. The Storm. ("Paul and Virginia." ) Pierre Auguste Cot. "Friedland, 1807." Meissonier. To A. T. Stewart, who purchased the picture, the artist wrote: "I did not intend to paint a battle— I wanted to paint Napoleon at the zenith of his glory; I wanted 448 45i 499 525 S93 METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART. 105 to paint the love, the adoration, of the soldiers for the great Cap- tain in whom they had faith, and for whom they were ready to die." "Friedland" was purchased at the Stewart sale for $66,000 by Judge llcnn Hilton, and by him presented to the Museum. 600. L' Attentat d'Anagni. Allien Maignan. Boniface VIII., a native of Anagni, was elected Pope in [294. Philip the Fair, of France, resisted his authority in spiritual matters, and compelled him to take refuge in his native town. Hither lie was pursued. The picture represents the moment when Boniface says to his assailants. "Here is my tuck: here is my head: strike! but I will die Pope." Boniface was thrown into prison, and though liberated by the people "f Anagni, died within a month. — C. 615. Woodland and Cattle. F. A. Bonheur. (A brother of Rosa Bon- heur. ) 618. Tin Defense of Champigny. Edouard Detaille. An episode of the Franco-Prussian War. 622. The Vintage. Leon Augustin L'hermitte. 0^4. The Balloon. Julien Dupre. 044. Tin I)i\iii 01 \ Vendean Chief. Robert Wylie. The picture depicts an incident in the romantic insurrection of the inhabitants of La Vendee, France, .March ijo.^. to March. 1796, against the over-harsh interference of the revolutionists with the rights of their simple community. — C. 654. The Hunter's Story. A. Glisenti. The picture represents one of the peculiar customs of a certain part of Italy — the collection of a bounty of eggs from neighbors keeping hens, by one who has killed a fox. — C. 686. Tiik Poa< her's Death. Karl Wilhelm Hubner. 694. Peter Sonnavater \m> Master Knit's Opprobrious Entry into Sic kiioi \i. in [526. G <'. Hellquist. The two Swedish Bishops, after their unsuccessful rebellion against Gustavus 1.. sought refuge with the Archbishop Olaf, but he treacherously betrayed them to tin- Kind's servants, who, dressing them in rags, and putting a crown of straw on Sonnavater's head, and a mitre of birch-bark on Knut's, mounted them on starving horses and brought them through [Jpsala tn Stockholm in a Shrove tide procession, amidst jeers and insults. They were led to the market-place, ami. after drinking to the executioner*- health, were broken on the wheel. — C. 706. Tin Horsi Fair. Rosa Bonheur. This is the original picture, which is so well known from numerous reproductions. It was purchased at the Stewart sale in 1SS7 for $55,500 by Cornelius Vanderbilt, and by him presented to the Museum. 713. A Quartette. Wm. 'I". I >ai at. 716. Boatmen \r Barcelona. V. D. Baixeras. 721. Diana's Hunting Party. Hans Makart. 723. Justinian in Council. Jean Joseph Benjamin-Constant. On canvas 21 feet 6 inches by [2 feel _• inches. Justinian I., surnamed the Great, was a Byzantine Emperor of the sixth century. The glory of his reign is the famous digesl of Roman law known generally as the Justinian < Herald and times Squares. Two points which are of interest because of recent and rapid develop- ment as business, hotel and amusement centers, are Herald and Times Squares. Both are to have in the immediate future vastly increased im- portance by reason of their close connection with the several tunnel and rapid transit systems of communication now under construction; and in anticipation of the new condition thus to be created, real estate transactions and building operations of amazing magnitude are transforming these two points in a way comparable only to the changes wrought in the sky- scraper districts of the lower part of Manhattan Island. Department stores of proportions heretofore unknown have been built; and tens of millions of dollars have been invested in hotels and theaters. Herald Square, at the intersection of Broadway and Sixth avenue, 33d and 36th streets, takes its name from the Herald Building, which is its most beautiful architectural adornment. It was formerly called Greeley Square, after Horace Greeley, whose statue is here; there is also a statue of William E. Dodge, a New York merchant. The terminal station of the Pennsylvania Railroad will occupy four blocks between Seventh and Ninth avenues, one block west from Herald Square, and the Long Island Railroad Tunnel will have its station here. In the near future the rapid transit tun- nel may be extended from 426 street south under Broadway, with a station in Herald Square. On the west are the Macy and the Saks stores. The small plot of ground on the corner of 34th street, making a jog in the Macy building, has an interesting history. The plot contains only 1,154 square feet. The Macys wanted it, to complete their site, but refused to pay the price demanded. It was bought for $375,000, or at the rate of $324.95 per square foot, by Henry Siegel, who has rented it with a $40,000 four-story building on it, for twenty years at an annual rental of $40,000, or 5% on $800,000. On the east side of the Square the Broadway Tabernacle, for many years one of the best known pulpits of New York, was in 1901 sold for $1,300,000; and on the site a twenty-story hotel is building, to cost with the ground $3,000,000. The Tabernacle has built a new edifice at Broadway and 56th street. The Herald Building. — In Herald Square at West 35th street and the intersection of Broadway and Sixth avenue, the New York Herald occupies a building which is one of the architectural adornments of the city. The style is of the early Italian Renaissance, the exterior is profusely covered with decoration most delicate in design, and among the conspicuous features are the unbroken roof and the colonnades of the first story. The purpose of the colonnades is to give public view of the Herald printing, and we shall find here one of the interesting sights of New York. On the Sixth avenue 106 IE i a \ rij i it * fitijjt, r ii i i THE TIMES BUILDING. Copyright, 1906. by Irving Underbill. io8 NEW YORK. THE HERALD BUILDING. side may be seen the process of preparing the plates for the press. In brief, it is this : When the flat form of type making a page is received from the composing room upstairs, a papier-mache mold is made of it. The paper mold, bent to the shape of a half-cylinder, forms a matrix, in which is cast the printing plate of type-metal, curved to the proper shape to fit the cylinders of the press. From the Broadway colonnade we may see the printing plates fastened on to the press cylinders, and the presses in opera- tion. The paper is fed from rolls into one end of the press, and comes out at the other end printed, pasted, cut, folded and counted. The largest press has a capacity of 5,000 four-page papers per minute, 300.000 per hour; or 2,500 eight-page papers per minute or 150,000 per hour. When we have watched the Herald presses we have seen one of the mechanical marvels of the age. From 9 to 12 in the morning visitors are escorted through the building. Times Square, at the intersection of Broadway and Seventh avenue, from 42d street to 47th street, takes its name from the twenty-five-story building of the New York Times, which dominates the district and is one of the most conspicuous architectural monuments of the town. The Square is a center of great hotels and amusement places. On the corner of 42d street is the fourteen-story Hotel Knickerbocker, built by Col. John Jacob Astor at a cost of $4,500,000; and two blocks above on the west side is the Hotel Astor, owned by William Waldorf Astor, and costing, together with the site, $5,000,000. Riverside Drive. A district of much interest is the plateau north of noth street, on the West Side, between the Hudson River and Morningside Park. It contains Grant's Tomb on Riverside Drive, and Columbia University and the Cathedral of St. John the Divine on Morningside Heights. These several points may be visited in connection, A convenient method is to go by the Park stage line from 7_'d street on Riverside Drive to Grant's Tomb, then to walk to Columbia and the Cathedral, and return by Amsterdam avenue or Broadway (Boulevard) car. See list of routes elsewhere. Riverside Park, which begins at 72d street, extends along the slopes and bluffs of the Hudson for three miles to 130th street, forming what Sir Henry Irving has pronounced the most magnificent residential avenue in the world. It was a park in nature; and for the most part the natural contours have been preserved, with many of the trees of the original forest. Along the bluff, which in places attains an elevation of 130 feet, runs River- side Drive, one of the grandest and most beautiful urban drives in the world. It gives a succession of picturesque views of the Hudson and the Palisades, and is lined on the east with fine houses. The "Riverside Sec- tion" is one of the high-class residential districts. On the south side of 89th street is the home of Isaac L. Rice; on the north side that built by Mrs. Alfred Corning Clark, now Mrs. Bishop Potter; at ooth street, the home of John H. Matthews, the soda water manufacturer; 100th street, Peter Doelger, the brewer ; I02d street, the house with a glass room on the second floor, Mrs. Bertha Foster, whose husband made a fortune from a patent glove hook; 108th street, S. G. Bayne, President of the Seaboard National Bank. The New York Orpnan Asylum plot fronting the Drive, from 73d to 74th streets, was acquired in 1901 by Charles M. Schwab, President of the United States Steel Corporation, who paid for it $860,000, and here Mr. Schwab has built at a reported cost of $2,000,000 one of the most magnificent residences in America. At 89th street is the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, to commemorate the citizens of New York who had part in the Civil War. The structure is modeled upon the choragic monuments of ancient Athens ; it is a circular building of pure white marble, with a peristyle of twelve Corinthian col- umns, 35 feet high. It was provided by the city at a cost of $250,000, and was dedicated in 1902. A copy of Houdon's statue of Washington, a gift from the school children of the ritv. stands at 80th street. The boat house of Columbia is on the river bank at 115th street. Across the open fields at ti6th street arc seen the buildings of Columbia University and Barnard College, and shortly beyond we come to the ascent upon which rises the Tomb < Grant's achievements and fame the heritage of a common country. ^/IsK Mr. Foster About New York, Washington, Philadelphia, Atlantic City or about Anything at Any time about Any place Anywhere He probably knows FOR fifteen years I have been giving information. It is my business. I have studied out all the details and I have gathered about me a trained force of enthusiastic assistants who love their work and know how to do it. We give information that is definite, complete, satisfactory. C| Our information has been gotten, to a great extent, through personal visitation. We are, therefore, able to tell you just what you want to know. . These are building stones surpassed only by the 60-foot columns in the Cathedral of St. Isaac in St. Petersburg. The cost of the eight pillars in position will be $200,000. The Crypt, which was quarried out of the solid rock, lias been com- pleted, and services are held in it on Sunday. The Crypt is open to visitors on Tuesdays, Thursday- and Saturdays from 4 to 6 P. M. For visit- at other times parties of five or more may arrange with the sexton, C. F. Barnard, at noth streel and Amsterdam avenue. There is no admis sion fee at any time. The Crypl contains the Tiffany Chapel, which attracted so much attention at the World's Fair at Chicago. On the walls are hung two of the eighl Barberini tape-tries which will he used tor the mural adornment of the completed Cathedral, They picture "Scene- from the Life of Christ." The two in the Crypt arc •'The Visit of the Wis,- Men" and -"The Resurrection." These tapestries were among the weaves of the celebrated Papal tapestry manufactory, founded by Cardinal Barberini at Rome in 1633, under patronage of Pope Urban VIII. They were intended 120 NEW YORK. for the Barberini Palace, and remained in the Barberini family until, a few years ago, the Princess Barberini was induced to sell them to provide a dowry for a daughter. They were purchased for $75,000 by Mrs. Elizabeth U. Coles, and by her were bequeathed to the Cathedral. Opposite the Cathedral grounds on 113th street is St. Luke's Hospital, Protestant Episcopal, one of the noble institutions of the city. Cbe fiarlem River and Beyond The Harlem River, seven miles long, separates Manhattan Island from the mainland. It connects the Hudson with the East River and Long Island Sound, and Congress has made it a ship canal for approach to the Sound without going through Hell Gate. For much of its course it flows through a picturesque valley, and the natural attractions, together with the great bridges which span the river, make it a popular resort. All the points here named are on the west side of the city. The Viaduct at 155th street, four-fifths mile long, which connects Wash- ington Heights, by way of the Central Bridge, with Jerome avenue, was built at a cost of $2,000,000, and ranks as one of the greatest of the engi- neering works of its class. Below the Viaduct, on Eighth avenue, are the New York ball grounds. On the crest of Washington Heights, north of the Viaduct, is seen the Jumel Mansion. The Jumel Mansion, a fine example of Colonial architecture, at 160th Street near Amsterdam Avenue, is the most famous historic house on Manhattan Island. It was built in 1763 by Roger Morris, the husband of that Mary Philipse, for whose hand the young Virginia Colonel, George Washington, is said to have been an unsuccessful suitor. When 'he Revolutionary War began, Roger Morris, who had resigned a Lieutenant-Colonelcy in the British Army and who was then a member of the King's Council for the Colonies, fled the country, taking ship for England in May, 1775. Mrs. Morris remained in possession of the Mansion and of her town house at the corner of Stone Street and White Hall. General Washington took the Mansion for his headquarters on his retreat from New York and occupied it for thirty-six days. The great salon in the extension was his Council Chamber and the rear room above was his bedroom. The house fell into the hands of the British with the capture of Fort Washington and was the headquarters of General Sir Henry Clinton in the summer of 1777, and of Lieut-Gen. Baron von Knyphausen in 1778. After the war it was a tavern on the Albany stage road, the first stopping place out of New York, where the first change of horses was made. The house was then known as Calumet Hall. It was a farm house in 1790, when General Washington gave a dinner in the old house to his Cabinet officers and their ladies. Among his guests were Alexander Hamilton and Mrs. Hamilton, John Adams and Abigail Adams, his wife, General and Mrs. Knox, Thomas Jefferson and Mrs. Tobias Leer. The estate, comprising the Mansion and thirty- six acres of land, were bought in 1810 by Stephen Jumel, a rich French merchant, from Leonard Parkinson, for a little less than $10,000. M. Jumel was an ardent admirer of Washington, and he devoted his money and his energy to restoring the house to what it had been in Washing HARLEM RIVER AND BEYOND. ton's time, lie had the old green Colonial paper reproduced in France and restored to the walls of the Council Chamber, where it hung alto- gether for 120 years. In 1815 he went to France in his own ship, the "Eliza," named after his wife, who accompanied him, with the purpose of bringing hack Napoleon to the house that had sheltered Washington. The Emperor was unable to accept the hospitality of M. Jumel, but he gave to the Jumels his traveling carriage and his campaigning trunk. I lu- Egyptian Cyprus trees, now standing at the corner of St. Nicholas Avenue and 159th Street, which had just been given to Napoleon by the Khedive of Egypt, were sent to America by M. Jumel in 1815. After the death of her husband, .Madame Jumel married Aaron Burr, but soon divorced him. She was a famous historical character, who used to drive in a coach and four with postillii ms. She entertained such famous guests as Lafayette, Louis Napoleon, Joseph Bonaparte and Jerome Bona- parte. She died in 1N05. The house is owned by the city, and with the grounds i^ included in the park system. It is in the care of the Wash ington Headquarters' Association of the Daughters of the American Revolution and contains a museum of Revolutionary relics. It is open to visitors on every day in the year from 9 o'clock A. M. to 5 P. M. The nearest station on the Subway i> at 156th Street and Broadway, and by the Elevated at 155th Street. High Bridce. at Wesl [75th street, carries across the Harlem the origin tl Croton aqueduct, which brings the city water from Croton River and Lake in Westchester county. The bridge is 1,460 feet in length : the crown of the highest of the fourteen arches is 116 feet above the river. The bridge footway affords fine views, and from below the arches gives many pleasing ; stas. At the Manhattan end is the water tower shown in our illustra- NEW YORK. fe*- ^Hjf|E19' > ^P%.4flH H^^r^ ~^l*(BBB K«^ j^ ;iIIXC,TON BRIDGE. tion, and back ot this is a high-service reservoir; it is worth while climbing to the top for the view. The grounds adjacent constitute the High Bridge Park. The original Croton waterworks were completed in 1842; the aqueduct is thirty miles long, and has a flowing capacity of QO.OOO.ooo gallons daily. In i8qo a second aqueduct was opened, which extends from Croton Lake to 135th street, a distance of thirty and one-half miles, and has a capacity of 290,000,000 gallons in twenty-four hours. The average depth of the tunnel under ground is 170 feet, in some places reaching 350 feet. It goes under the Harlem through solid rock 307 feet below the bed of the river, and then rises 400 feet in a perpendicular shaft at the point where the stone water station is seen between High Bridge and Washington Bridge. The aque- duct is the largest tunnel in the world; five years were spent in building it, and the cost was nearly $20,000,000. The average daily consumption of water in Manhattan and the Bronx is about 251 000,000 gallons; the esti- mated supply available when new dams now building shall be completed will be 280,000.000. Brooklyn gets its water from Long Island. The Speedway (Harlem River Driveway) is a road on the west bank of the Harlem, built by the city at a cost of nearly $3 000,000, for the special use of drivers of fast horses. It is four and one-quarter miles in length, beginning at 155th street and extending north to Dykeman street, where connection is made with the extension of Riverside Drive. The Speedway- races on pleasant afternoons attract thousands of spectators. For route see Speedway in general list of routes. The Washington Bridge, just north of High Bridge, at West 181 st street, is an imposing structure of steel, iron and granite, in size and grandeur of proportions second only to the Brooklyn Bridge. It is 2,384 feet in length, and 80 feet wide; the two central arches have a span of 510 feet each, and their crowns are 135 feet above the river. The cost was nearly $2,700,000. Bordering the east approach are the grounds of the Ogden estate. The river slope has been made a public park. On the east bank of the river are the tracks of the New York Central, and New York & Putnam roads; on the west side is the Speedway. The view to the north is toward Kings- bridge. On the left are Washington Heights, and Fort George, named HARLEM RIVER AND BEYOND. 123 from a Revolutionary redoubt and now given over to beer saloons. The Isabella Heimath, on the crest of the hill near Fort George, is a home for old men and women ; it was given in memory of Anna Ottendorfer by her husband, Oswald Ottendorfer, founder of the Staats-Zeitung. On the east side of the river are Munis Heights and University Heights, where may be seen the dome of the University Library. Beyond is the tower of the Webb Academy and Home tor Shipbuilders, founded at a cost of $j 000,000 by the New York shipbuilder, William 11. Webb. The Ham. ok Fame for Great Americans is at University Heights, and is reached by the Sixth avenue elevated to 155th street, thence N. Y. & Putnam K. R. to Morris Heights station. The Hall, which is one of the buildings enclosing the campus of the New York University, is a granite colonnade 500 feet in length, built about the Library. It contains 150 panels, in which will be set bronze tablets for the names of 150 great Americans. The selection of the subjects to be honored is entrusted to a committee of 100 members, made up of college presidents, educators, pro- fessors of history, scientists, publicists, editors, authors and chief justices. the selection finally to he approved by the New York University Senate. Only persons horn in the United States ami deceased at least ten years are eligible. Twenty-nine names were chosen in 1900; eleven others were selected in 1005, and five will be added every fifth year, until in the year 2,000 the roll of 150 shall be complete. With each individual's name is inscribed a quotation from his speeches or writings; and in the Museum of the Hall of Fame, portraits and other memorials will be preserved. A THE HALL 124 NEW YORK. Hall of Fame for women was added in 1905. The names selected in 1900 and 190 are: Statesmen — Washington, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Franklin, Jefferson, Hamilton, Madison, Clay, Webster, Lincoln Jurists— Marshall, Kent, Story. Soldiers — John Paul Jones, Grant, Sher- man, Farragut, Robert E. Lee. Students — Fulton, Whitney, Morse, Audu- bon, Gray, Agassiz. Teachers and Preachers — Edwards, Channing, Mann, Beecher. Authors — Irving, Hawthorne, Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, Whittier. Septimi (a seventh class) — Gilbert, Stuart, Cooper, Peabody. Women— Mary Lyon, Emma Willard, Maria Mitchell. The Hall of Fame was a gift to the New York University from Miss Helen Gould. The original sum given for the purpose was $100,000, but it is estimated that the completed edifice will have cost $250,000. Bronx Park. For route see general list of routes elsewhere. Bronx Park lies on both sides of the Bronx River, between W "ams- bridge and West Farms. The river, which took its name from Jonas Broncks, one of the early Dutch proprietors, rises near the Connecticut line, and flows into Long Island Sound. It is a river in name only, and one only needs to look upon the narrow and shallow stream to appreciate the humor of the command sent by the British authorities to Lord Admiral Howe, to "send a couple of frigates up the Bronx River to protect our forces and fire into the enemy whenever seen." The river as we see it in the Park is a picturesque stream flowing between rocky dells and through peaceful reaches, and presenting many charming bits of scenery. It was resorted to by artists and pictured on many a canvas long before the conversion of the territory into a park revealed its loveliness to the public eye. As with other recently acquired parks which have absorbed private estates, Bronx Pari: retains relics of a former occupancy. On the river slope in one of the most charming glens is the Lorillard mansion, which was built about 1855 by Pierre Lorillard, and is now used for park and police purposes. On the opposite side of the stream below the bridge is the site of the old Lorillard snuff mill, whose wheels turned by the Bronx waterpower ground out in snuff the Lorillard fortune. Appropriately enough, the Botanical Garden gardeners now grow near the old mill specimens of the several varieties of tobacco. An interesting natural feature of the Park is the Rocking Stone. This is a granite boulder deposited in the glacial epoch, and poised so perfectly upon a granite pedestal that the human arm may cause it to rock in an arc of about 2 inches. The stone is 7 feet high, 10 feet broad and 8 feet through, having an estimated weight of 30 tons. It is in the Zoological Park. Of the 662 acres comprised in the Park area, 250 have been given to a botanical garden, and 261 to a zoological park. Both institutions are corporations, managed by trustees and occupying their sites by an arrangement with the city. The New York Botanical Garden, in Bronx Park, near the Bedford Park Station of the Harlem Railroad, is open daily. Sunday included, from 9 to 5 ; the Museum from 9 130 to 5. Admission is free. The Museum contains collections of Economic Botany, showing vegetable products, processes of manufacture and uses to which out, as various fibres, wood VAN CORTLANDT PARK. 125 made into paper, sugar cane into refined sugar, chocolate, cork, cottonseed wines, cereals, turpentine, etc. The collections of Scientific Botany include the famous Torrey Herbarium deposited by Columbia University and valued at $175,000. The conservatories contain tens of thousands of growing plants, shrubs and trees, gathered from all quarters of the globe, many rare and costly, such as the palms given by Miss Helen Gould and the wonderfully greal anthurium given by Mrs. F. L. Ames, of North Easton, Mass. The outdoor beds and plantations show many family groups of plants, flowers, shrubs and tree-,; and there are miles of walks with flower borders. In value and completeness the Garden will rival the Kew Gardens of London and the Jardin des Plantes of Paris. The New York Zoological Park has an ideal site in Bronx Park, and is in plan and extent unequalled by any institution of its class in the world. The outdoor ranges for mammals, the reptile bouse and the vast flying cage for birds have been prepared with a view to approximating as closely as possible the natural conditions of life of the occupants, and the very successful way in which this has been accomplished enables us to see the animals as they are in nature. The Society's Official Guide may be pro- cured at the entrance. There is a restaurant on the grounds. Uan Cortlandt Park. Van CORTLANDT Park, at the extreme north end of the city, comprises in its diversified area a high ridge which carries the Croton aqueduct, a wide level plain which is a parade ground of the National Guard, and a lake resorted to in winter by skaters and players of the Scotch game of curling; then there are golf links, ball grounds and. as the chief thing ol interest, the Van Cortlandt Mansion. The house is an interesting example of Dutch architecture. It was built by Frederick Van Cortlandt in 1748; and the thick rubble stone walls are as solid to-day as a century and a half ago. Near bj 1- the old saw and grisl mill. A row of horse chestnuts is reputed to be 175 years old. In [896 the house was given by the Park Commission into the custody of the Colonial Dames of the State of New York, by whom it is maintained as a public museum. It is open daily, to to in summer, 10 to 5 in winter; 2 to 6 on Sunday. Admission 25 cents on Thursdays; on other days free. The interior has an old-fashioned air, but it tells all through the storj ntial means and generous living. There are huge fireplaces faced with scriptural tiles, deep window seats, a generous wine closet in the wall, a big Dutch oven in the kitchen, and a cellar with massive hand-hewn beams of cedar and cypress, and 3-foot walls loop-holed for muskets. Washington made bis headquarters here on his way to the entry of New York in 1783, and the Washington Room i s now the museum, containing many Colonial and Revolutionary mementoes, among them the four-posl bedstead on which Washington lept. Al- together, the Van Cortlandt House is the best relic New York has of the old regime, and it is a charming place to ^isit. Cbe Subway. Manhattan Island is long and narrow, with the business district in the lower parts of the city and the homes in the upper part. This presents a most difficult transportation problem. Morning and evening the human flood sets south and north, and the surface and elevated lines are con- gested. The solution of the problem is to provide underground rapid transit systems. Plans for the first underground road were adopted in 1899, and the contract for building was awarded to John B. McDonald, on his bid of $35,000,000, reputed to be the largest individual contract ever let. The city paid this sum for the construction, and leased the road to the contractor for fifty years, under an arrangement by which at the expiration of that term the city will have received back the money paid for the road, and may then take over the equipment at a price fixed by arbitration. The work of construction was begun in 1900, and the road was in operation in 1904. The Rapid Transit Railroad extends from the Battery north to Spuyten Duyvil Creek on the west, and Bronx Park on the east. Ultimately, by connection with the Manhattan-Brooklyn Tunnel the rapid transit system will extend from Brooklyn to the Bronx. Beginning at the Battery the road follows Broadway to Park Row, thence up Park Row, with a loop in City Hall Park; Lafayette Street (Elm Street), Fourth Avenue, Park Avenue. Forty-second Street, Broadway to 169th Street, West End Ave- THE FOUR-TRACK SYSTEM AT SPRING STREET. Photo by P. P. Pullis. 126 THE SUBWAY 127 nue to Sherman's Creek, Ellwood Avenue to Inwood Street, and Broad- way to 230th Street, Kingsbridge. At 104th Street the East Side Line diverges to Lenox Avenue at 110th Street, then runs up Lenox Avenue, under the Harlem River, and through 149th Street, Westchester Avenue, Southern Boulevard and Boston Road to Bronx Park. The Subway is rectangular, being 25 feet wide for the two-track sections, 50 feet wide for the four-track sections, and 13 feet high throughout. It has a concrete bed and a steel frame construction, as shown in the illus- tration on page 125. Throughout most of the length the road was exca- vated from the surface. A trench was dug, the bottom was lined with a concrete flooring; then a rectangular framework of steel beams was erected, with concrete walls and roof; and on the outside were spread layers of asphalt and roofing felt. The Subway is thus for the most part a covered trench with the roof near the surface, and the stairs leading to the station platforms do not have longer flights than those of the elevated roads. On Broadway, from Sixtieth to 104th Streets, the Sub- way is lighted by skylights in the center of the street. The tunneling is principally in the section under Central Park (at Columbus Avenue and 104th Street 80 feet below the surface), and in the Fort Washington sec- tion, where the rock tunnel through the hill of gneiss along Broadway and Eleventh Avenue, from 158th Street to a point near Fort George, is two miles long, being next to the lloosac Tunnel the longest one in the United States. At 125th Street the West Side Line emerges and crosses Manhattan Valley on a viaduct to 135th Street, where it enters a tunnel, and at 190. h Street is more than too feet below the surface. At 169th and SUBWAY ENTRANCE KIOSK IN CITY HALL PARK. 128 NEW YORK. CITY HALL STATION. 181st Streets the stations are hollowed out of the solid rock no feet under- ground, and are reached by elevators. The tracks are carried under the Harlem River on two steel cylinder tubes encased in concrete. The motive power is electricity (third-rail system). The running time from City Hall Park to Ninety-sixth Street is 13 minutes for express trains, and 21 minutes for local trains. With a total length of 21 miles, New York's $35,000,000 tunnel is the longest railroad tunnel in the world. Its construction was one of the great engineering enterprises of the twentieth century. The figures of the excavation and the construction are prodigious. There were 3,212,000 cubic yards of material to be taken out — 1,900,000 of earth and 1,312.000 of rock. The construction called for 65,000 tons of steel, 8,000 tons of cast iron, 551,000 cubic yards of concrete, 910,000 square yards of water- proofing for making the Subway absolutely dry. The largest stations are those at Brooklyn Bridge, Union Square at Fourteenth Street, and io2d Street. The stations are lined with tile, and a system of distinctive architecture and color schemes has been employed, so that a station may be known by its own particular wall colors. At Thirty-fourth Street and Park Avenue is one of the most remarkable street intersection corners in the world. On the surface run the Thirty- fourth Street cars. One flight down are the Madison Avenue cars; two flights down the Rapid Transit Subway; and three flights down the Penn- sylvania Railroad Tunnel. tunnels and terminals. Manhattan— Brooklyn. i. The Manhattan-Brooklyn Tunnel is an extension of the Rapid Transit Railroad subway system under the East River to the foot of Joralemon street; thence to Fulton street and Flatbush avenue and to the junction of Flatbush and Atlantic avenues, where is the station of the Long Island Railroad. The tunnel was opened in January, 1908, to the Borough Hall station. Under the river the construction consists of two cast iron tubes, inside diameter 15 feet fj inches, length 6,790 feet. Trains pass to Brooklyn through the smith tube and return through the north tube. The grade is 3.1 per 100 feet, the descent and ascent of the train being scarcely perceptible. The tunnel is everywhere below water level, until it rises at a point 700 feet before reaching the Borough Hall station. It passes through rock (two stretches of 2,700 feet and 400 feet) and sand, clay and gravel formations. The lowest point reached by the tnniul is 94 feet below mean high water. Certain portions which pass through sand are given added strength by concrete piles sunk to bedrock, al depths varying from 5 to 75 feet. The motive power is electricity, by the third-rail system. The tunnel was constructed by the builders of the Rapid Transit Railroad, whose bid for the tunnel and terminals was $3,000,000. The actual cost exceeded $10,000,000. The tunnel will be operated by the constructing company for a term of thirty-five years, when it is to revert to the city, under conditions similar to those which control in the Rapid Transit Railroad contract. New York — New Jersey. 2 The McAdoo Tunnels under the North River. There are two pairs of these connected by the Jersey City subway, the Morton street tubes to 15th street, Jersey City, and the Cortlandt street tubes to Montgomery street, Jersey City, The Morton street line extends under Greenwich and Christopher streets to Sixth avenue, and under the avenue to the terminal at 33d street and Sixth avenue. There are stations at Christo- pher and Greenwich streets, where connection is made with the Ninth Avenue Elevated; Christopher street and Sixth avenue, with connection with the Sixth Avenue Elevated; and at Fourteenth, Nineteenth, Twenty- third, Twenty-eighth and Thirty third streets. The Cortlandt street tithes have their outlet in the vast Terminal Buildings on Church street, extending from Cortlandt to Fulton; and there is connection also with the Subway at Fulton street. In Jersey City the renter of the system is the terminal station, hewn out of the s,,lid rock, 85 feel below the Pennsylvania Railroad train shed, and reached from the Pennsylvania terminal by elevators. Two branches extend west, rising to the surface, for electric cars from Manhattan to Newark and other New Jersey points; and two other lines run north to the Lackawanna station; and connection is afforded also with the Erie Railroad. The tunnels are tubes constructed of steel rings overlaid with con- crete. In each tunnel there is a separate tube for each track; ventilation is secured by the action of the train which forces the air ahead of it. The tubes are 15 feet in interior diameter. They lie about 30 feet apart 129 130 NEW YORK. and are from 60 to 90 feet below the surface of the Hudson, the depth of earth between the tunnel and the water ranging from 15 to 40 feet. The deepest part is on the New York side. 3. The Belmont Tunnels from the foot of East 426 street to Long Island City, the two tubes there looping and connecting with surface lines in Queens County. 4. The Pennsylvania Railroad tunnels under the Hudson River; and their connections, the Long Island Railroad tunnels under the East River, forming parts of the great Pennsylvania terminal which is described on page 146. The Queensboro Bridge. The Blackwell's Island Bridge extends across the East River from East Fifty-ninth street, in the Borough of Manhattan, to Ravenswood, in the Borough of Queens, and is supported by two piers rising from Blackwell's Island. In weight and carrying capacity it is the greatest cantilever bridge in the world. The length of the bridge proper is 3,724 feet 6 inches ; the entire length, including the approaches, is 8,231 feet. The Manhattan approach, built chiefly of masonry, 1,051 feet in length, extends to a pier on the river edge. Here the truss construction begins with the shore arm, 470 feet in length, of the westerly cantilever. The river span west of the island consists of two cantilever arms, each 591 feet in length, making a total westerly river span of 1,182 feet, dimen- sions exceeded only by the other New York structures, the Brooklyn Bridge with a span of 1,595 f eet » tne Williamsburg Bridge, 1,600 feet, and Scotland's great bridge across the Frith of Forth, 1,710 feet. The span between the two piers on Blackwell's Island is 630 feet ; the river span east of the island is 984 feet; the shore arm of the easterly cantilever is 459 feet; the Long Island approach is 3,455 feet. The superstructure is carr'ed on masonry towers which are 185 feet in height above the bottom chord. The clear height of the bridge above mean high water is 135 feet. The carrying capacity is enormous. There are two floors, the lower one 86 feet wide between railings, the upper one 67 feet. The lower floor carries a roadway 56 feet wide for street and vehicular traffic, and having two trolley tracks ; and two other trolley tracks are carried on extensions of the floor beams. On the upper floor is provision for four elevated tracks and two 13-foot sidewalks. The sustaining strength of the bridge has been calculated for the upbearing of 250 rapid transit cars carrying 30,000 passengers, 300 trolley cars with 30,000 passengers, a congested traffic on the promenades of 55,000 persons, and on the roadway of 100,000 — a total of 215,000. The bridge was designed by Gustav Linden - thai. Its cost was $20,000,000. Cbe World Dome. The Pulitzer (ok World) Building affords from the lantern of the dome the best downtown view accessible by the public. The building itself i • notable. It has twenty-two stories and an extreme height of 375J/2 feet. The pressroom in the basement is open to visitors. The presses have a capacity for printing, folding and counting 672,000 eight-page papers per hour. The tower is open from 8:30 A. M. to 6 P. M. An admission fee of 5 cents goes to a charitable fund. Tin- view is one long to be remem- bered. In the East are the Brooklyn Bridge, East River, Brooklyn and the hills of Long [sland. The Navy Yard (north of the Bridge) may be distinguished by the receiving ship, which looks like a huge yellow Noah's Ark. Beyond, stretching its mighty span across the East River, is the new bridge; between its towers is seen one of the Sugar Trust's re- fineries. To the right of the Brooklyn Bridge the tower on the horizon is the Brooklyn waterworks; to its right are the wooded heights of Prospect Park, and further to the right, Greenwood Cemetery. In that direction lies the ocean. SOUTH is Governor's Island with the circular Castle Williams fronting the Bay. In the distance beyond the island are the Narrows, the opening between Long Island and Staten Island, through which New York's com- merce passes to the Lower Bay on its way to sea. The high land to the right of the Narrows is Staten 1 sland. The Statue of Liberty is hidden from view by the Park Row Building. \\ 1 ST is the North or Hudson River, with New Jersey beyond, Jersey Cit\ in the foreground and tbe Orange Mountains in the distance. The huge depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad is a conspicuous landmark. North of Jersey City are Hoboken, Weehawken and the Palisades of the Hudson North, stretching away as far as the eye can reach, the city lies spread out in a confused and bewildering expanse of street chasms, walls, roofs, chimneys, towers and steeples. We may note some of tbe landmarks: The immense building with tbe clock-tower is tbe New York Life; to the righ; of it- tower 1- the Mills Hotel; the gilded dome with the tlag is Siegel- Cooper's: in line with the east end »f the New York Life i- the red pile of the Waldorf-Astoria; beyond and to the right of this rise the white spires of St. Patrick's Cathedral. This side of the New York Life the highest buildings are the Central Bank, tin Dun (white marble with rounded corners) and the Broadway Chambers, with the lion-' head- under the cornice. Aero-, the park are the Home Life (white with red peaked roof) and the Postal Telegraph. The distanl red building in line with the Dun is the I'. S. Public Stores; on the heights beyond it is Wee- hawken. On the Hoboken heights in line with the Broadway Chambers is the Monastery of the Passionist Fathers. Immediately below us on the north is the Brooklyn bridge entrance; and the elevated railroad winds its course to the Bowery, which begins just there at the curve where the road disappears from view. Extending straight north is Centre street; beyond the shot-tower is the new City 131 132 NEW YORK. Prison site of the old Tombs. On the west below is City Hall Park with the City Hall and County Court House. On the south are the Tribune, American Tract Society, Times and Potter buildings and Post Office, and beyond is St. Paul's Chapel, diminutive enough from here. The Park Row Building still looms above us even at this height. fiere and Cbere in new VorR. Greater New York comprises the five Boroughs of Manhattan, Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens and Richmond. The Borough of Manhattan includes Manhattan Island and Governor's, Ellis, Bedloe's, Blackwell's, Ward's, Randall's and Riker islands. The Borough of the Bronx comprises all that portion between the Harlem and Long Island Sound. The Borough of Brooklyn includes all of Kings county. The Borough of Queens includes all the annexed district lying in Queens county. The Borough of Rich- mond includes all of Staten Island. The population by the census of 1900 was, for the several Boroughs: Manhattan — 1,850,093. Bronx — 200,507. Brooklyn — 1,166,582. Queens— 152,999. Richmond — 67,021. Total — 3,437,202. By Federal Census estimate of 1906 the population was 4.113,043, an increase over 1900 of 675,841. Estimated population 1908, in excess of 4,250,000. The Bowery extetds from Chatham Square north to Cooper Union, where Third and Fourth avenues diverge. In the old Dutch days it was the Bouwerie Lane between the bouweries or farms; and later it became the Boston Post Road ; a mile-stone at Rivington street still marks one mile from the old City Hall in Wall street. Almost as remote as the Dutch farmers who gave it its name are the Bowery Boys, who fifty years ago made the street famous. The peculiar features of the old Bowery live only in tradition; but it still has characteristics all its own. There is presented here an extraordinary collection of beer saloons, concert gardens, tramp lodging houses, shooting galleries, low whisky "dives," dime museums, penny amusement arcades, tattooing establishments, Yiddish theatres and more beer saloons; while sandwiched in between the saloons and the lodging houses are numerous shops, whose proprietors are hopefully striving to live down the refrain of the popular song — The Bow'ry! the Bow'ry! They say such things, and they do strange things, On the Bow'ry, the Bow'ry! I'll never go there any more. But this is only one aspect of the street. There are multitudes with whom the Bowery means thrift, for in the Bowery Saving Bank, with its more than 125,000 depositors and over $67,000,000 of deposits, we have the largest savings bank in the world. A ride through the Bowery on a Third avenue surface car (from 8th street or above, or from the Post Office) will disclose its features suffi- ciently for most people. It may also be reached by the Third avenue elevated (stations at Chatham Square, Canal, Grand and Houston streets), and by the Fourth and Second avenue cars passing through part of it. The Bible House, Fourth avenue and Eighth street, opposite Cooper Union, is the home of the American Bible Society, organized in 1816 to HERE AND THERE IN NEW YORK. 133 circulate the Holy Scriptures. In the office of the General Agent (No. 6 Bible House) they will give you a circular containing a specimen text in each of the 242 differenl languages and dialects, in which 66,000,000 copies Bible circulated by the Society have been printed. THREE BLOCKS below Grace Church, east of Broadway, is a group of interesting point-. In Clinton Place and Astor Place is the Mercantile Li- brary, on the site of the old Astor Place Opera House, where the Astor Place Riot occurred in 1848. when a mob. incensed by the treatment which Forrest had received in Fngland, mobbed the English actor Macready, who was do ng his best on that particular occasion to act Macbeth. East of the Library is the statue of S. S. Cox, erected by the mail carriers in recognition of his championship of their interests in Congress. In Lafayette Place, opening to the south, is the Astor Library, with its 350,000 books, now a pari of the New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Founda- tions. The library is open from 9 to 6 daily except Sundays and holidays COOPER Union, for the Advancement of Science and Art. was founded by Peter Cooper in 1859. He gave for the building and its endowment nearly a million dollars. The purpose is to provide instruction at night for young people who work by day ; and in doing this the Union has been one of the most beneficent philanthropies of the city. The night scl 1- in science and art mathematics, engineering, electricity, chemistry, etc. — have been attended by nearlj [OO.000 different persons. Recent gifts by Andrew Carnegie, Edward Cooper and A. S. Hewitt have now made provision for day instruction also. There are a Women's Art School, for instruction in drawing painting and photography, and schools in telegraphy, iphj and typewriting for women. The free library and reading room (with 435 newspapers and periodicals) is visited by an average of 2.000 readers a day; it is open from 8 A. M. to 10 P. M. ; and Sundays. October to May. 12 to 9. The Museum for the Decorative Arts is open 9 to 5 daily except Sunday and Monday. Free lectures in the Hall, on Wednesday and Saturday evenings in winter, are attended by 10.000 persons a week. The Hall of Cooper LTnion is used for political and other meetings, and has been the scene of many memorable gatherings. Abraham Lincoln delivered his Cooper Institute speech here Feb. 27. i860, and from that day to this most of the great orator- of America have been heard here; and speeches have been made which have affected city, state and nation. In Union Park south of the building, is a statue of Peter Cooper, hy Augustus St. Gaudcns. who was a pupil in Cooper Union: Erected by the citizens of New York in grateful remembrance of Peter Cooper, founder of the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art. Anno Domini MDCCCXCYII St. Mark's at 10th street and 2d avenue, has interesting historical as 0< iattons, for it occupies the oldest church site on Manhattan fsland. ' in 1700 the Bouwerie Church built by Peter Stuyvesant, the last of the Dutch Governors, on his Great Bouwerie. or farm, which extended from the line of 4th avenue to the Fast River. A bit of the old farm now bears the name of Stuyvesant Square. Stuyvesant was buried in the churchyard in 1672, in the vault which is still marked by the memorial stone with its inscription . In this vault lies buried Petrus Stuyvesant, late Captain General and Governor- in-Chief of Amsterdam in New Netherland, now called New York, and the Dutch West India Islands, died in A. D. \6TA, aged 80 years. 134 NEW YORK. "The Little Church Around the Corner" is a familiar name for the Church of the Transfiguration, on East 29th street, near Fifth avenue. The story goes that when in 1871 Joseph Jefferson endeavored to arrange for the funeral of George Holland, a brother actor, at a church on Madison avenue, the pastor said that he could not hold burial services over the body of an actor. "But," he added, "there is a little church around the corner you can go to." "Then all honor to the little church around the corner," replied Jefferson. "We will go there." From that time the church and its rector, Rev. George H. Houghton (who died in 1897) were held in affectionate regard by the theatrical profession. Many actors have been buried from the church, among them Lester Wallack, Dion Boucicault and Edwin Booth. There is a memorial window given by The Players (the actors' club), in loving memory of Booth. The beautiful churchyard is entered through a lich-gate. This is a roofed gate, unique in this country, but of a type formerly common in Europe, when the custom was to rest the bier in the lich-gate during the reading of the introductory part of the burial service. John Street Methodist Church. — The John Street M. E. Church, at 44 John street, called the "Cradle of American Methodism," is the oldest Methodist church in America. It was founded by Philip Embury in 1766; the first edifice was erected in 1768, a second one on the same site in 1817, and the present structure in 1841. There are still preserved Philip Embury's Bible, Bishop Asbury's chair and the clock which John Wesley sent over from England, and which still ticks off the time. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. — The national or- ganization of the mechanical engineering profession was founded in 1880 with the object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with en- gineering and mechanical construction. Its society rooms occupy the eleventh floor of the Engineering Societies Building, at 29 West Thirty- ninth street, New York, it being one of the three Founder Societies to whom the Carnegie gift for the erection of the building was made. Monthly meetings are held in the building for the presentation and discussion of professional papers. The annual and spring meetings are the two large conventions of the year. The former is held in New York in December and the latter at some inland city, usually in May. There are 3,335 members. The publications of the society are Proceedings, issued monthly, and the Transactions, the annual bound volume. The library of more than ten thousand volumes on engineering, together with the libraries of other Founder Societies, make one of the most com- plete libraries of engineering literature in the world. Open to the public from 9 A. M. to g P. M., except Sundays and holidays. HERE AND THERE IN NEW YORK. 135 Hispanic Society. The library and museum of the Hispanic Society of America is in Audubon Park, [56th street near Broadway. "The library, art collection and historical objects were gathered by Archer M. Huntington, son of the late Collis P. Huntington, who endowed the Hispanic Society and gave the land upon which the museum stands. The society's purpose is to make the library and museum useful to students and literary men. The society was founded by Mr. Huntington for the purpose of bringing the people oi the United States who are interested in Spanish history, art and literature into closer relations with the Spanish and Portuguese people and those of the same blood in South America. Mr. Huntington spent more than eighteen years making the collections, and they are the largest of their kind in this country and among the most important in the world. The institution is open to the public. "Among the objects in the museum interesting to students of Hispanic subjects is a pair of bronze Arabic doors, which flank the main entrance. These doors, which came from a Cairo mosque, were built by a Mameluke general in 1381. The museum contains examples of pottery dating from the fifth century before Christ to the present time, and also includes silver, medals, coins and textiles, besides some sixteenth century carvings in wood, marble and ironwork. Spanish America is also historically and artistically represented. There are more than fifty thousand volumes in the library, on ancient and modern Spanish and Portuguese subjects. "The Hispanic Society of America has a membership of one hundred. It is an endowed society, its members paying no dues. Its membership is scattered all over the world, where they are constantly on the lookout for some available addition to the library or museum." Comparative Table of Ocean Liners. Indicated Displace- Horse- Name. Date. Great Eastern 1858 Britannic 1874 Umbria 1885 Campania 1893 Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse 1899 Deutschland 1000 Kaiser Wilhelm IT 1003 Adriatic 1007 Lusitania 1007 New White Star Liners T008 Length, ment, power Speed Feet. Tons. of Engines Knots. 680 27,000 7,650 14 455 8,500 5.500 15 500 10,500 14.300 18 600 18,000 30,000 20 625 20,800 30.000 22 662 23,600 36,000 23 678 26,000 38,000 2&X 7- 1 ? 38.000 40,000 23 790 45.000 68,000 24^ 1,000 *6o.ooo 20 ♦About. Brooklyn. The points here named are reached most conveniently from the Brook- lyn Bridge. The officers at the Bridge entrance will direct to the proper car. Greenwood Cemetery is reached by the Fifth avenue elevated or surface line from the Bridge. Carriages at the entrance make the tour of the grounds in three-quarters of an hour for a fare of 25 cents, with stop-over privilege. The cemetery, one of the most beautiful in the world, has an area of 474 acres, stretching along a slope whose summit it has crowne I with monuments. From the Pilots' Monument to Thomas Freeborn, a New York pilot who lost his life piloting a ship on the New Jersey cuast, we may look far out to sea; and the shaft is visible from ships entering the harbor. From the Soldiers' Monument, in memory of the 148,000 soldiers of New York State who died in the Civil War, another far-reach- ing prospect may be had. One may wander for hours through the streets of this vast city of the dead (there are fifteen miles of walks) and at every turn find something to challenge attention. The most famous memorial is the exquisitely carved monument of Charlotte Canda, a New York girl who, on her eighteenth birthday, as she was returning from a party given in her honor, was thrown from her carriage and killed. This monument that marks her grave she herself had designed for an aunt. The most costly piece of work is the $225,000 monument of Marcus Daly. Among hundreds of others may be noted the tomb of James Gordon Bennett, remarkable for the silken sheen of the sculptured drapery; the portrait bust of Horace Greeley, cast from type metal given by the printers of America ; the bronze statue of De Witt Clinton; the stone from the Brooklyn Bridge mark- ing the grave of Wm. C. Kingsley, a former president of the Board of Trustees; the medallion angel face carved by Hiram Powers, the Griffith "Farewell" memorial, the figure of "Grief" of the John Matthews tomb, the Channey monument cut by prisoners in Sing Sing. We shall find here many familiar names — Morse of the telegraph, Howe of the sewing machine, Peter Cooper, Henry Ward Beecher, Henry George, Alice and Phoebe Cary. Those who sleep in Greenwood number more than 312,000, and the solemn bell in the tower of the Gothic gate tolls through the hours of the day at the entering in of others to join the silent hosts. Prospect Park. — From the Bridge the Flatbush avenue cars take one directly to the Plaza, which is the principal gate. Here is the Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Arch, to commemorate those who died in the Civd War; the bronze groups by Macmonnies symbolize the Army, the Navy, and the chariot of Victory led by heralds of peace. South of the Plaza is the statue of Gen. Warren. From the top of the Brooklyn water reservoir a view may be had extending from the Long Island coast in the east beyond Manhattan to the New Jersey hills in the west; the tower is a noted land- mark. From the Plaza entrance carriages make the tour of the Park for a fare of 25 cents. In natural grandeur Prospect rivals Central Park; it is well named, for its hills command many a lovely prospect; particularly famous are those from Lookout Hill. The Park has extensive groves of forest trees, a lake of sixty-one acres, with winding arms, arched bridges and 136 BROOKLYN 137 charming shores, and there are flower gardens and conservatories. A monument on the slope of Prospect Hill marks Ba where fell 450 Maryland soldiers, defending the American retreat after the battle of Long Island. The Park has memorials of John Howard Payne, author of "Home, Sw^et Home"; Irving. Lincoln, Moore, Mozart, and James S. T. Stranahan. an honored citizen to whom, more than to any other person. Brooklyn owes its beautiful pleasure ground. From the southeast corner of Prospect Park the OCEAN PARKWAY, a magnificent boulevard, with driveway, speedway and shaded cycle paths and bridle paths, extends 5J/2 miles to Coney Island. A short distance northeast from the Plaza entrance is the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute, in which are collections illustrating natural history and ethnology. An tdmission of 25 cents is charged Monday and Tuesday; other days free. The Brooklyn Navy Yard 1- visited by pass, which is given on applica- tion at the entrance. The Navj Yard is reached by Flushing avenue car from the Bridge. The shipbuilding -hops, dry docks, warships, guns, naval trophies, curiosities in the Lyceum, and the varied activities of the chief naval station of the United States, furnish abundant interest. The Navy Yard is on Wallabout Bay. where thousands of Americans perished in the British prison -hips of the Revolution. In Fort Greene Park, near by, the tomb of a number of the prison-ship martyrs is marked with a sculptured memorial by Macmonnies. a marble censer, emblematic of a perpetual incense offering. The Pratt Institute, the school of science and industrial art founded by Charles Pratt (who gave for it nearly $4,000,000) is in Ryerson street, near Pe Kalb avenue. Visiting days are Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Partridge's equestrian statue of Grant stand- in front of the Union League Club. Bedford avenue and Bergen street. It represents the General as he appeared at the Battle of the Wilderness. Ward's statue of Henry Ward Bee< her stands in the plaza facing the City Hall on Fulton Street. Plymouth Church, which was Beecher's pulpit from 1847 to 1887, is on Orange street, between Hicks and Henry, within short walking distance from the Bridge. Staten Island, lying south of New York Hay. five miles distant from Manhattan Island, constit B rough of Richmond in Greater New York. The island ha- an area of sixty square miles. It- green slopes and wooded hills form a pleasing feature in the harbor views; and the fortified height of Fort Wadsworth, commanding the Narrows, is the first land closely approached by incoming m sea. An excursion to Staten Island by ferryboat from the Batter'. jood opportunity of seeing New York Hay A conspicuous landmark on the island is the dome of the church >nug Harbor. The Harbor was founded in 1801 as a home for unfortunate and disabled seamen by Robert Richard Randall, whe bequeathed for the purpose his farm in New York. (See page Si.) Therf are on the rolls to-day 000 inmates. Among the sixty buildings of the Harbor, the church is specially worthy of inspection for the fine marbles of the interior. There is in the grounds a statue of Randall by St. Gaudens. The tall chimney seen to the northwest of Staten Island is in Bayonne N. J., and carries off the fumes of the gn'at copper smelting works there It is 365 feet high, and is reputed to be the tallest chimney in the world. Ready Reference Guide. See large folding map, which shows Ferries, Steamship and Railroad Piers RAILROAD STATIONS. Crosstown car lines from and to all railroad stations on the North River connect with lines for up or down town, and in most cases free transfers are given. Grand Central Station is at 42d St. and Fourth Ave. Other stations are at foot ol street named. Baltimore & Ohio— Liberty St. West 23d St. Central of New Jersey— Liberty St. West 23d St. In summer Sandy Hook boats from Cedar St. and West 42d St. Erie— Chambers. West 23d. Also Hudson Tubes. Harlem— Grand Central Station. Also Fourth Ave., 86th, 110th, 125th, 138th, 183d. Lackawanna — Barclay. Christopher. West 23d. Also Hudson Tubes. Lehigh Valley— Cortlandt. Desbrosses. West 23d. Long Branch — (Central of New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.) Long Island— Pennsylvania Terminal. W. 32d St. East 34th St. Ferry. New England — Grand Central Station. New Haven— Grand Central Station. New Haven (Harlem River Branch)— Willis Ave. and 130th St. N. Y. & Putnam— 155th St. terminus of Sixth Ave. elevated. N. Y., N. H. & Hartford— Grand Central Station. N. Y. Central— Grand Central Station. Also East 125th and 138th Sts. Spuyten Duyvil Branch— 10th Ave. and 30th St. N. Y., Susquehanna & Western— Cortlandt. Desbrosses. West 23d. Northern of New Jersey— Chambers. West 23d. Ontario & Western— Desbrosses. West 42d. Pennsylvania— Pennsylvania Station, 7th Ave., West 31st to 33d Sts. Cortlandt St West 23d St. Also Hudson Tubes. Philadelphia & Reading— Liberty. West 23d St. Staten Island— South Ferry, foot of Whitehall St. West Shore— Desbrosses. West 42d. COASTWISE STEAMSHIP LINES. The piers are on North River or East River at foot of streets named. The office is given in parentheses: Atlas— For West Indies and Mosquito Coast— Pier 55, N. R. ; West 25th St. (17 State St.). Clyde— For Charleston and Jacksonville— Pier 36, foot Spring St., N. R. (Pier, and 290 Broadway.) Cromwell— For New Orleans— Pier 9, N. R.; Rector St. (385 Broadway). Hollander— For Mobile and West Indies.— Pier 13, E. R.; Wall St. (90 Beaver St.). Lamport & Holt Line — West Indies, South America — Robert's Stores, Brooklyn. (Produce Exchange.) Portland Line— For Portland— Pier 20 E. R. Mallory— For Galveston, Tampa, Key West, Mobile— Pier 45 N. R. Metropolitan— For Boston— Pier 15 N. K. Morgan — For New ( Means— Pier 34. N. R., North Moore St. (394 Broadway.) Munson Line — For Cuba — Office 82 Beaver St. Old Dominion— For Norfolk, Richmond, Fort Monroe, Washington— Pier 26, N. R. Beach St. (On pier.) Panama— For Isthmus of Panama— Pier 57, N. R. ; West 27th St. (24 State St.). Puerto Rico — For Puerto Rico — Empire Stores, Brooklyn. (1 Broadway.) Quebec SS. Co.— For Bermuda— Foot West 10th St. (29 Broadway.) Red Cross— For Halifax and St. John's— Montague St., Brooklyn. Red D— For Puerto Rico and Venezuela— Robert Pier 10, Brooklyn. (135 Front St.. Royal Dutch West Indies— For Port an Prince— Brooklyn. (32 Beaver.) Royal Mail SS. Co.— West Indies (22 State St.). Southern Pacific SS. Co. — For New Orleans (Nos. 1 and 349 Broadway). Savannah— For Savannah— Pier 35. N. R. : Sprinsr St (On pier and 317 Broadwav > Ward— For Nassau, Cuba and Mexico— Piers 13-14 E. R., foot Wall St. (113 Wall), W. 23d St, to Eric K. K. 138 READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 139 HUDSON RIVER STEAMBOAT LINES. Albany Night Line (People's)— Canal. Pier 82. Catskill Day Line — Desbrosses. Catskill Night Line— Christopher. Central Hudson Line— Franklin. Hudson River Day Line— Desbrosses and West 42d St. and \V. 129th St Mary Powell— Desbrosses and West 42d. Ramsdell Line— Franklin. Troy (Citizens') Line— West 10th. SOUND BOATS. Fall River Line— Pier 19, Warren St., N. R. Hartford— Rutgers St., E. R. New Haven Line— Clarkson St., N. R. New London — Spring St., N. R. Newport— Murray St., N. R. Norwich Line— Spring St.; Pier 36, N. R. Providence Line— Murray St.; Pier 18, N. R. Providence— Joy S.S. Co.— Pier 36, E. R. ; Catharine St. Stonington Line — Spring St.; Pier 36, N. R. Atlantic Highlands (Sandy Hook Route)— Cedar St. and West 42d St. Coney Island, New York's famous seaside .esort, may be reached by trolley or elevated road from the Brooklyn Bridge; Manhattan Beach Railway from East 34th St., or James Slip; and in season by the Iron Steamboats from West 22d St. or Pier 1, at the Battery. Rockaway Beach is reached by the elevated line from the Brooklyn Bridge, or by excursion steamers from West 22d St., or the Battery. TRANSATLANTIC STEAMSHIP LINES. The piers are on the North River unless otherwise noted at foot of streets named. Offices in parentheses: Allan State (53 Broadway)— West 21st St. American (73 Broadway)— Pier 14, N. R., Fulton St. Anchor (17 Broadway)— West 24th. Atlantic Transport (1 Broadway)— Clarkson St. Cunard (21 State St.)— Pier 61 N. K., Jane St. Cromwell for New Orleans— Pier 34, N. R. French (3 Bowling Green)— Pier 42, N. R. Hamburg-American (37 Broadway)— Hoboken, N. J. Holland-American (39 Broadway)— Hoboken, N. J. Leyland (24 State St )-Bethune St., Pier 60. N. R. National Transport Line for London (1 Broadway)— Pier 39, N. R. North German Lloyd (6 Broadway)— Hoboken, N. J., express steamers. Pier 62, N. R. Pacific Steamship— Toyo Kisen Kaisha, for China, Japan, Hawaii, Philippine Islandi and San Francisco — New York offices, Nos. 1 and 349 Broadway. Red Star (73 Broadway)— Fulton St., Pier 14. Scandinavian-American (7 Broadway)— Brooklyn. White Star (9 Broadway)— Pier 48, West 10th St Wilson (22 State St.)— Bethune St FERRIES FROM MANHATTAN. Ferries from Manhattan (see folded map) leave foot of street named to— Astoria— East 92d St. Bedloe's Island— Battery. Brooklyn— E. 23d St to Greenpoint Ave. and Broadway. E. Mth St to Greenpoint Arc. i 4 o READY REFERENCE GUIDE. Brooklyn— E. Houston St. to Grand St. Grand St. to Grand St. and Broadway. Catharine St. to Main St. Roosevelt St. to Broadway. Fulton St. to Fulton St. Wall St. to Montague St. Whitehall St. (Battery), South Ferry to Atlantic Ave., Hamilton Ave. and 39th St. College Point— E. 99th St. Fort Lee-W. 130th St. Governor's Island— Whitehall St. (Battery). Hoboken— Christopher, Barclay and West 23d Sts. to Lackawanna station. W. 14th St. to 14th St. Jersey City — W. 23d St. (1) to Erie R. R. W. 13th St. to Bay St. Desbrosses and Cortlandt Sts. to P. R. R. and Montgomery St. Liberty St.— To Communipaw station of the B. &. U., and Central of N. J. K. K (Jersey City is connected with Brooklyn by P. R. R. Annex boat from Pennsy) vania station, jersey City, to Fulton St. Brooklyn.) Long Island City (Long Island R. R.)— E. 34th St. Also James Slip. Staten Island— Whitehall St. (Battery). Weehawken (West Shore R. R.)— VV. 42d St. Blackwell's Island— E. 26lh, 52d, 70th and 116th Sts. Hart's Island— E. 116th St North Brother Island— E. 138th St. Randall's Island— E. 26th and 120th Sts. Ward's Island-E. 116th St. ELEVATED RAILROADS. The four lines start at the Battery and run to the Harlem River. The stations are shown on the folding map, and are as follows: Ninth Avenue Line — South Ferry, Battery Place, Rector, Cortlandt, Barclay, Warren. Franklin, Desbrosses, Houston, Christopher, West 14th, 23d, 30th, 34th, 42d, 50th. 59th, 66th, 72d, 81st, 93d, 104th, 116th, 125th, 130th, 135th, 140th, 145th, 155th. Sixth Avenue Line— South Ferry, Battery Place, Rector, Cortlandt, Park Place, Chambers, Franklin, Bleecker, 8th, 14th, 18th, 23d, 28th, 33d, 42d, 50th (branch to 58th St. and 6th Ave.), 53d and 8th Ave., 59th and Columbus Ave., 66th, 72d, 81st. 93d, 104th, 116th, 125th, 130th, 135th, 140th, 145th, 155th. Third Avenue Line— South Ferry, Hanover Square, Fulton, Franklin Square, Chatham Square (whence branch to City Hall), Canal, Grand, Houston, East 9th, 14th, 18th, 23d, 28th, 34th, 42d (branch to Grand Central Station), 47th, 53d, 59th, 67th, 76th, 84th, 89th, 99th, 106th, 116th, 125th, 129th, thence to 133d, 138th, 143d, 149th. 156th, 161st, 166th, 169th, Wendover Ave., 174th, 177th (Tremont Ave.), 183d, Pelham Ave. (Fordham). Second Avenue Line— South Ferry, Hanover Square, Fulton, Franklin Square, Chatham Square (branch to City Hall), Canal, Grand, Rivington, 1st, 8th, 14th, 19th, 23d, 34th, 42d, 50th, 57th, 65th, 80th, 86th, 92d, 99th, 111th, 117th, 121st, 127th, 129th, thence via Third Avenue line to Pelham Ave. All lines run all night (except the Second Avenue, from 12:43 A. M. to 5 A. M.). Fare 5 cents; children under 5 years free. Free transfers between 6th and 9th Ave. are given at Rector St. and 59th St.; between 6th and 9th and 3d and 2d Aves. at the Battery; between 3d and 2d at Chatham Square, and between City Hall trains and South Ferry trains of the Third Avenue line at Chatham Square. Transfers are given to certain surface lines for an extra fare of 3 cents, paid when buying the elevated ticket. SURFACE CAR LINES The fare on all lines is 5 cents. An extensive system of free transfers is in opera- tion. The routes of the principal lines running north and south follow: Second Avenue Line— From 129th St. via 2d Ave., Cooper Union, Bowery, Broome, Centre, to Brooklyn Bridge and Post Office. Branch to Astor Place and Broadway. Third Avenue Line— From 130th St. via 3d Ave., Bowery, Park Row to Post office. Also from Fort George via Amsterdam Ave., 125th St. and 3d Ave. to Post Office at before. READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 141 Fourth and Madison Avenues Line— From 138th St. via Madison Ave., Vanderbill Ave., 42d St. (Grand Central Station), 4th Ave., Bowery, Broome, Centre, to Brooklyn Bridge and Post Office. A branch to Astor Place and Broadway. The Broadway cars run to and from the South Ferry at the Battery. Cars labeled "Broadway" run on Broadvay to 44th St., then 7th Ave. to 59th St. and Central Park. Cars labeled "Columbus Avenue" run on Broadway to 44th St., then 7th Ave. to 63d St., via 53d St. to Columbus Ave. to 109th St. Cars labeled "Lexington Avenue" leave Broadway at 23d St. and go north on Lexington Ave., and no transfers are given at 23d St. for cars going north on Broadway. Cars labeled "Lenox Avenue" follow Columbus Ave. route to 109th St., then Lenox Ave. Sixth Avenue Line— From Fort George (194th St.) via Amsterdam Ave. to Columbus Ave., 59th St., 6th Ave., West Broadway, Fulton, Church, to Battery. Eighth Avenue Line— From the Harlem River via 8th Ave., Hudson, Canal, West Broadway, Fulton, Church, to the Battery. The 23d St. line runs from the Erie and P. R. R. ferries on the North River across town on 23d St. to the Brooklyn ferries on the East River. Free transfers north or south are given on the 8th, Madison, and Lexington Ave. lines. SVBWAY STATIONS. * Express stations. •SoutTi Ferry. lli;th St - and Broadway. •Bowling Green. 125th St. and B'way, and Manhattan St. •Wall St. and Broadway. ,:;7 < h St - and Broadway. •Fulton St. and Broadway. U5th St. and Broadway. i v Hall (Loop), B'way and Murray St. 157th St. and Broadway. •Brooklyn Bridge, Park Row and Centre. 168th St. and Broadway. Worth and Lafayette Sts. I s1 -' St. and 11th Ave. Canal and Lafayette Sts. Dyckman St. and Naegle Ave. Spring and Lafayette Sts. 207th St. and Amsterdam Ave. Bleecker and Lafayette Sts. 215th St. and Broadway. Astor Place and Fourth Ave. 225th St., Kingsbridge. •14th St. and Fourth Ave. 230th St. (Bailey Ave.) and Broadway. 18th St. ?nd Fourth Ave. Lenox Avenue Line. 23d St. and Fourth Ave. 96th St and Broadway. 2Sth St. and Fourth Ave. ,,,.,, St aml Lcnox Ave. 33d St. and Fourth Ave. ,„;,,, St and Lenox Ave . •Grand Central Station-42d St. and Van- mth St and Lenox A ve. derbilt Ave. 135th St and Lenox Ave . Times Square-42d St. and Broadway. u5th St and Lenox A ve. 50th St. and Broadwav. Columbus Circle-59th St. and Broadway. Bronx Park and West Farms. 66th St. and Broadway. :35th St - and Lenox Ave. •72d St. and Broadwav. 149th St. and Mott Ave. 79th St. and Broadway. u $ lh St -. Third, Melrose, & Willis Ave*. 86th St. and Broadway. Jackson and Westchester Aves. 91st St. and Broadway. Prospect and Westchester Aves. •96th St. and Broadway. Simpson St. and Southern Boulevard. Freeman St. and Southern Boulevard. Broadway Line. 171th St. and Boston Road. 103d St. and Broadway. 177th St. and Boston Koad. 110th St. and Broadway. Bronx I'ark. The West Farms express trains of the Subway run through to Brooklyn; the fare from any point in New York to any station in Brooklyn is 5 cents. The running time from City Hall, Manhattan, to Borough Hall, Brooklyn, is 11 minutes. HOTELS. "A" is for American plan. Kates quoted are lowest prices for rooms with board. "E" is for European plan. Rates quoted are for lowest-priced rooms without board In each case the prices range upward from the minimum rates here quoted. For further particulars of hotels in larger type, see also advertising pages. Albemarle— Broadway and 24th St. E. $2. Albany— Broadway and 41st St 142 READY REFERENCE GUIDE. Albert — University Place and 11th St. E. $1 up. Aldine — 431 Fourth Ave. Algonquin— 59 West 44th St. E. $2 up. Hotel Astor— Times Square. Astor House— Broadway, Barclay and Vesey Sts. E. $1. Bartholdi— Broadway and 23d St. E. $1.50. Belmont — 42c! St. and Park Ave. See advertisement. Belvedere— 4th Ave. and 18th St. A, $3. E, $1. Breslin— Broadway and 29th St. Bretton Hall— Broadway and 85th St. Brevoort— Fifth Ave. and 8th St. Broadway Central— 671 Broadway. A. $2.50. Week, $21. Buckingham— 5th Ave. and 50th St. E. $1.50. Cadillac— Broadway and 43d St. E. $1. Chelsea— West 23d St., near 8th Ave. Churchill— Broadway and 14th St. E. $1. Continental— Broadway and 20th St. E. $1. Cosmopolitan — Chambers St. and West Broadway. E. $1. Cumberland — Broadway and 54th St. E. $2.50 up. See advertisement Earle— 103 Waverly Place. Earlington— 55 West 27th St. E. $1.50. Empire— Broadway and 63d St. E. $1.50. findicott — Columbus Ave. and 81st St. A, $3, and E, $1. See adv. Espanol— West 14th St., near 6th Ave. Flanders — 135 West 47th St. See advertisement. Gerard— 123 West 44th St. Gotham— Fifth Ave and 55th St. Grand — Broadway and 31st St. See advertisement. Grand Union— Park Ave. and 42d St. E. $1. Gregorian — 35th St., between 5th and 6th Aves. E. Grenoble— 7th Ave. and 56th St. E. $1.50. Griffon— 19 West 9th St. Holley — 36 Washington Square West. Herald Square— West 34th St., near Broadway. E. $1.50 Hoffman House— 5th Ave. and 25th St. E. $2. Holland House— 5th Ave. and 30th St. E. $2. Imperial— Broadway and 32d St. E. $2. Jefferson — Union Square and East 15th St. E. $1. Judson — Washington Square South. A. $2. E. $1. Knickerbocker— Broadway and 42d St. Latham— 4 E. 28th St. E. $1.50 up. Lafayette — University Place. Lafayette- Brevoort— 5th Ave. and 8th St. Longacre— 157 West 47th St. Majestic— Central Park West and 72d St. E. $2. Manhattan — 42d St. and Madison Ave. E. $2. Margaret Louisa Home — No. 14 East 16th St. For women, by previous applirati- — E. 50 cents. Marlborough— Broadway and 36th St. E. $1.50. Marie Antoinette — Broadway and 66th St. Marseilles— Broadway and 103d St. Martinique — Broadway and 33d St. E. $1.50. See advertisement. Martha Washington — West 29th to 30th Sts. For women only. See advertisement. Misses Pitzer— Rooms and board, 150 East 37th St. See advertisement. READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 14* Mills No. 1— Bleecker and Thompson Sts. E. 20 cents; meals 15 cents. Men only. Mills No. 2— No. 15 Kivington St. Rates as above. Men only. Mills New— Seventh Ave. and 36th St. Kates as above. Men only. Murray Hill-Park Ave. and 40th St. E. 51.50. Navarre— 7th Ave. and 38th St. E. $1.50. Netherland— 5th Ave. and 59th St. E. $2. New Amsterdam — 4th Ave. and 21st St. E. $1. Normandie— Broadway and 38th St. E. $1.50. Park Avenue— 4th Ave. and 33d St. A, $3.50. and E, $1. Pembroke— 116 East 25th St. See advertisement. Pierrepont— 43 West 32d St. E. $2.50 up. Plaza— Fifth Ave. and 59th St. Redner— Lexington Ave. and 42d St. E. $1. Roland— 59th St., near Madison Ave. A, $2, and E, $1. Prince George— 14 E. 2Sth St. St. Andrew— Broadway and 72d St. E. $1.50. St. Denis — Broadway and nth St. E. $1. See advertisement. St. George— Broadway and 12th St. A, $2.50, and E, $1. St. Marc— 5th Ave. and 39th St. A and E. St. Nicholas— No. 4 Washington Place. A, $2.50, and E, 50 cents. St. Regis— Fifth Ave. and 55th St. Savoy— 5th Ave. and 59th St. E. $2. Seville — Madison Ave. and 29th St. Sherman Square — Broadway and 71st St. Smith & McNeil— Washington and Fulton Sts. E. 50 cents. Spalding— 127 West 43d St. Times Square— 206 West 43d St. Union Square — No. 16 Union Square. E. $1. Vanderbilt— 42d St. and Lexington Ave. E. $1. Victoria— 5th Ave., Broadway and 27th St. E. $2. Virginia— 59th St. and 8th Ave. Waldorf-Astoria-5th Ave., 33d and 34th Sts. E. $2.50. Wellington — Seventh Ave. and 55th St. Willard— 254 West 76th St. Wolcott— 4 West 31st St. Woodstock-127 West 43d St. Woodward — Broadway and 55th St. E. $2.50 up. See advertisement. York— Seventh Ave. and 36th St. Brooklyn: Mansion House— Hicks St., Brooklyn Heights. A $3. Pierrepont— Montague and Hicks Sts. A. $2.50 and E. $1. ART GALLERIES AND MUSEUMS. American Art Galleries — 4 East 23d St. American Museum of Natural History— See index. American Water Color Society — For time and place of exhibitions see daily papers. Brooklyn Institute— See index. Lenox Library— See index. Metropolitan Museum of Art— See index. National Academy of Design — For time and place of exhibition see daily papers Van Cortlandt Mansion— See index. 144 READY REFERENCE GUIDE. THEATERS AND AMUSEMENT PLACES. Academy of Music— E. 14th St. Hudson— W. 44th St. Alhambra— 7th Ave., 126th St. Irving Place— Irving Place. American— Eighth Av., 42d St. Keith's— 14th St., near Broadway. Astor — Broadway and 45th St. Knickerbocker — Broadway, at 38th St. Belasco — 44th St., near Broadway. Lenox Lyceum — E. 59th St. Berkeley Lyceum— W. 44th St. Lexington Opera House— Lex. Av., 58th St. Bijou— Broadway, 30th St. Liberty— West 42d St. Broadway — Broadway, 41st St. Lincoln Square — 1947 Broadway. Carnegie Music Hall— 57th St. Lyceum— 45th St., near Broadway. Casino— Broadway, 39th St. Lyric— 43d St., near 7th Av. Circle— Broadway and 60th St. Madison Sq. Garden— Madison Av., 26th St Cohan's — Broadway, 43d St. Majestic — 59th St. and Broadway. Colonial — Broadway and 62d St. Manhattan Opera House — West 34th St. Comedy— 41st St. bet. B'way & 6th Av. Maxine Elliott — 39th St., near Broadway. Criterion— Broadway, 44th St. Metropolis— E. 142d St. and 3d Av. Daly's— Broadway, 30th St. Metropolitan Opera House— B'way, 40th St. Eden Musee — West 23d St. Murray Hill— Lexington Av., 42d St. Empire— Broadway, near 40th St. New Amsterdam— 42d St., 7th Av. Fifth Avenue— Broadway, near 28th St. New York— Broadway, 44th St. Folies Bergere — 46th, W. of Broadway. Playhouse— 4Sth St., E. of Broadway. Gaiety — 46th St. and Broadway. Princess— 29th St. and Broadway. Garden— Madison Av., 27th St. Proctor's— (1) 23d St. (2) 5Sth St. (3) Garrick— 35th St., near 6th Av. B'way and 2Sth St. (4) E. 125th St. Globe— Broadway, 46th St. Savoy— 34th St. and Broadway. Grand Central Palace— Lex. Av., 43d St. Stuyvesant— West 44th St. Grand Opera House— 23d St., 8th Av. Thirty-ninth Street— 39th St., near B'way. Hackett— West 42d St. Victoria— Broadway and 42d St. Hammerstein's— Broadway, 42d St. Wallack's— Broadway, 30th St. Harlem Opera House— 125th St. Weber's— Broadway, 29th St. Herald Square— Broadway, 35th St. West End— 125th St., 8th Av. Hippodrome— Sixth Ave. and 43d St. Winter Garden— 50th St. and Broadway. CHURCHES. There are more than a thousand churches in Greater New York. A list of con renient churches will be found in most hotels. The Saturday papers contain church announcements. Some churches of the several denominations are. Baptist: Calvary— West 57th St., between 6th and 7th Aves. (Dr. MacArthur's). Judson Memorial— Washington Square. Open daily all day. Christian Scientist: First Church of Christ— Central Park West and 96th St. Congregational: Broadway Tabernacle — Broadway and 56th St. Plymouth — Brooklyn, Orange St., near Hicks St. Friends: East 15th St., corner Rutherfurd Place. Jewish: Temple Beth-El— Fifth Ave. and 76th St. Temple Emanu-El— Fifth Ave. and *3d St. Lutheran : St. James— Madison Ave., corner E. 73d St. Methodist Episcopal: John Street— 44 John St. Madison Avenue — Madison Ave., corner 60th St. Presbyterian: Brick— Fifth Ave. and 37th St Madison Square— Madison Ave., and 24th St. (Dr. Parkhurst's). Protestant Episcopal: Cathedral of St. John the Divine— Cathedral Heights, W. 113th St. Grace— Broadway and 10th St. Transfiguration ("Little Church Around the Corner")— No. 5 East 29th St. READY REFERENCE GUIDE. M5 St. Bartholomew's— No. 348 Madison Ave St. George's— Rutherford Place. St. I'aul's— Broadway and Vesey St. Trinity— Broadway and Rector St. Reformed: Collegiate— Fifth Ave. and 4Sth St. (Rev. Donald Sage Markay). Madison Avenue — Madison Ave. and 57th St. Marble Collegiate— Fifth Ave. and 29th St. (Dr. Burrel) '«) Roman Catholic: St. Francis Xavier— West 16th St. and Gth Ave. St. Ignatius Loyola— Park Ave. and 84th St. St. Leo's— No. 11 E. 2Sth St. St. Patrick's Cathedral— Fifth Ave. and 50th St. Unitarian: Messiah— Park Ave. and Last 34th St. Universalist: Divine Paternity— Central Park West and 76th St. Salvation Army— No. 122 West 14th St. Volunteers of America — No. 397 Bowery. Young Men's Christian Association — No. 215 West 23d St. Young Women's Christian Association — No 7 East 15th St HACK AND CAB FARES. It is prudent to make a bargain with the hackman in advance. The rate? fixed by the city ordinance are as follows. Count 20 blocks north and south, or " blocks east and west, to a mile: CABS. — 1. For conveying one or more persons any distance, sums not exceeding the following amounts: Fifty cents for the first mile or part thereof; and each additional half miie or part thereof, 25 cents. COACHES.— 3. For conveying one or more persons any distance, sums not ex- :eeding the following amounts: One dollar for the first mile or part thereof; and each additional half mile or part thereof, 40 cents. 7. Every owner or driver of any hackney coach or cab shall carry on his coach ot cab one piece of baggage, not to exceed 50 pounds in weight, without extra charge, but for any additional baggage he may carry he shall be entitled to extra compensa tion at the rate of 25 cents per piect RED TAXICAB FARES. RED TAXICABS First half mile or fraction thereof, 30 cents. Each quarter mile thereafter, 10 cents. Each six minutes "f waiting, 10 cents. This tariff applies i.i both 'lay and night. < Ine or four persons the same price. For each package or trunk carried outside, 20 cents. Xo sending charge in the Borough of Manhattan south of 150th street. $1.50 per hour for waiting time. ROUTES. Battery— Terminal of elevated roads, 8th Av., 0th Av. and Broadway surface lines. Bronx Park— Harlem R. R. to Bedford Park Station. Or Third Av. "L" to Park I >r Subway to ISOth St. Central Park— Sixth Ave. "L" to 5Sth St. Ninth Ave. "L" to E9th St. Fourth (Madison), Sixth, Eighth Ave. Surface. Fifth Ave. stages. Columbia College— Gth Av. "L" to 104th St., walk one block west, Amsterdam Av. :ar < »r Subway to 116th St. Grand Central Station By Subway, 3d Ave "I." and 42d St. branch direct t" Sixth Ave. "L" or surface line to 42d St. Grant's Tomb— An expeditious way— 6th or 7th Ave. "L" to 104th St., walk west two blocks, Boulevard car to 119th St. < >r Subway t:> Manhattan St. High Bridge— Sixth Ave. "L" to 125th St. and change to Fort George suiface car. Morningside Heights — Most expeditious route, 6th Ave. "L" to 104th S\., walk wesl one block and take Amsterdam Ave. car. Speedway — Sixth Ave. "L" to 125th St., thence Fort George surface car. Van Cortlandt Park— Sixth or 9th Ave. "L" to 155th St.. thence N. Y. & Pjtnam R. R W%ihington Bridge — Same route 1» for High Bridge. Che Pennsylvania Railroad Station. The Pennsylvania Railroad enters New York through a series of tun- nels from New Jersey, passing beneath the North River, Manhattan Island and the East River to Long Island, connecting with the Long Island Railroad. Because of the novelty of the engineering devices em- ployed, the magnitude of the work, and the revolutionizing effect upon passenger traffic to and from the Metropolis, this Pennsylvania connec- tion is an achievement second in importance only to the Rapid Transit Railroad. It practically makes Manhattan continental instead of insular. The tunnel-tube invention by which the difficulties of tunneling the Hud- son have been overcome has excited the interest of the engineering world. The bed of the Hudson consists of soft mud and clay, of an oozy con- sistency to a great depth, and unsuiled to tunnel work. An entirely new principle therefore was adopted. Stone piers were built resting upon the solid rock beneath the river bed. The piers support a bridge inclosed in an 18-foot water-tight steel tube; and carry the railroad track within the tube. The bed of the tracks in mid-stream is ioo feet below the river bed. There are six of the tubes ; they enter Manhattan in pairs, at 31st, 32d and 33d streets, and the tunnel extensions to the East River cross the city under the lines of these streets. In passing under Man- hattan the tunnel is nowhere less than 19 feet below the surface. On the Jersey side the tunnel tracks diverge from the present line of the Pennsylvania at a point on the Hackensack meadows east of Newark- Electric locomotives are used. The terminal station is gigantic in dimensions. It occupies a plot 1,500 feet in length by 520 in width; covering the four blocks bounded by 31st and 33d streets, and Seventh and Ninth avenues — a site acquired for the purpose at a cost of $8,000,000. There are twenty-five tracks and more than two miles of platforms. The station is modeled upon the Quai d'Orsay station in Paris, which is a part of the railroad system which tunnels the Seine, but the New York station is double the size of the Paris one. A bridge extends over the tracks from 31st to 33d streets, with stairways leading down to the tracks. The baggage is handled by endless belts, and the equipment throughout is of the very latest appli- ances. The work of construction took three years ; the cost, including terminals, approximating $50,000,000. The payments to the City of New York, as provided by the franchise, will aggregate nearly $2,500,000 for the first twenty-five years, exclusive of the 31st Street route; with that mute, if built, $50,000 additional. The amounts tQ be pajd will be ad- justed every twenty-five years. I46 STREET DIRECTORY. All numbered East Side streets from E. 8th to E. 142d begin at 5th Av. and run i... East Kivtr. Beginning with E. 11th St., one hundred numbers are used on each block between the avenues (Madison and Lexington avenues not considered), l he location of any given number is thus definitely indicated. All numbered West Side streets from W. 10th to W. 144th begin at 5th av. v e^ cept those from 59th to 109th, which begin at Central Park W.) and run to North or Hudson River, the same principle of numbering being used. All odd numbers are on the north side of the street, the even nu mbers on the south side. Cross street numbers begin at 5th av. and progress, 100 to the block, as here: <- WEST. EAST. -> > >' > > • > , < CQ £ jO a CD ja id rt Id 2 gj elancey 140 Kivington 170 Stanton Amsterdam av. con- tinuation of 10th av. f'm W. 59th to 218th 115 W. 05th 219 W. 70th Broadway 317 W. 75th 436 W. 81st 535 W. 86th 675 W. 93d 897 W. 104th 995 W. 109th 1315 W. 125th 1417 W. 130th 1621 W. 135th 1715 W. 145th 1917 W. 155th 2117 W. 165th Ann, f'm 222 Broad- way, E. to Gold Astor Ct.. f'm 21 W. 33d, N. to W. 34th Astor PI., from 744 B'way; E. to 3d av. Audubon av., f'm W. 158th, bet. Amster- dam av. & B'way, N. to Ft. George av. Audubon Pk.. bet. W. 155th and 158th and B'way and 12th av. Av. A, from 230 E. Houston, N. to E. 93d 112 7th 224 E. 14th 372 E. 23d 1012 E. 55th 1112 E. 60th 1308 E. 70th 1512 E. 80th 1752 E. 92d Av. B, from 294 E. Houston, N. to E. 79th 109 7th 231 E. 14th — E. 20th Av. C, from 358 E. Houston, N. to E.R. 104 7th 212 E. 13th — E. 18th Av. D, from 423 E. Houston, N. to E.R. 90 7th 158 E. 11th Bank, f'm 85 Green- wich av, W. toN. R. 51 W. 4th 81 Bleecker — Hudson — Greenwich 131 Washington 169 West Barclay, from 227 B'way. W. to N. R. 23 Church 53 W. Broadway 73 Greenwich 87 Washington 109 West Barrow, f'm 134 Wash- ington pi., to N. R. Batavia, tm 78 Roose- velt, E. to James Battery Pk., foot of Broadway. Battery PI., from 1 Broadway, W. to X. K. Baxter, f'm 166 Park Row, N. to Grand 27 Park 23 Worth — Leonard — Franklin 71 Bayard — White — Walker 99 Canal 129 Heater Bayard, f'm 70 Divi- sion, W. to Baxter Beach, from 250 W. B'way, W. to N. R. Beaver, from 8 Broad- way, E. to Pearl. — New 30 Broad 54 William 74 Hanover Bedford, from 180 W\ Houston to Chris- topher Beekman.f'm 34 Park Row, E. to E. R. 9 Nassau 37 William 61 Gold 89 Cliff 103 Pearl 119 Water 145 Front — South Beekman PL, f'm 429 E. 49th, N. to 51st Belvedere PI., \V. 30th, bet. 9th and 10th avs. Bethune, from 591 Hudson, W. to N.R. Birmingham, from 84 Henry, S. to Madi- Bleecker, from 318 Bowery to Sth av. — Elizabeth — Mntt — Mulberry 51 Elm — Crosby .:: r.p>adway 89 Mercer 106 Greene 121 Wooster 139 W. Broadway 153 Thompson 169 Sullivan 187 Macdougal 231 Carmine 295 Barrow 315 Grove 327 Christopher 347 W. 10th 365 Charles 389 Perry 401 W. 11th 417 Bank Bond, f'm 65S Broad- way, E. to Bowery Boulevard Lafayette, f'm B'way, near W. 156th, N. and W. to Dyckman Boulevard PL. W. 130th, bet. 5th and Lenox av. Bowery, from 13 Chatham sq., N. to 4th av. 29 Bayard f}] (anal 93 Hester 127 Grand 151 Broome 181 Delancey Spring 213 Kivington — Prince 245 Stanton 279 E. Houston 303 1st — Bleecker 323 2d — Bond 345 3a Great Jones 361 E. 4th 379 5th 395 6th — 4th ave. Bowling Green, iron. Whitehall, W. to State. Bowling Green Pk., foot of Broadway Bradhurst av., from Edgecomb av. and W. I42d, N. to W. 155th Bridge, from 15 State, E. to Broad Broad, f'm 21 Wall, S. to East River 28 Exchange PI. 68 Beaver 72 Marketfield - S. William 88 Stone 98 Bridge 100 Pearl 108 Water 122 Front 144 South READY REFERENCE GUIDE. Broadway. Broadway, from 1 Battery PI., N. to Spuyten Duyvil Creek — 8 Beaver 27 — Morris 55 — Exchange alley 56 Exchange PI. 73 — Rector — 86 Wall — 106 Pine 111 — Thames 119 124 Cedar 145 144 Liberty 171 — Cortland — 172 Maiden Lane — 184 John 191 — Dey 207 210 Fulton. — 222 Ann — Yesey ! Barclay Park PI. Mail Murray Warren 274 Chambers 288 Reade 302 Duane — Thomas 318 Pearl 334 Worth 344 Catharine Lane 347 348 Leonard 363 362 Franklin 379 378 White 399 398 Walker 413 Lispenard 417 416 Canal 429 432 Howard 227 237 247 259 271 L'ST 303 317 333 b 461 458 Grand 487 486 Broome 527 526 Spring 567 566 Prince 609 608 W. & E. Houston 641 640 Bleecker — 658 Bond 681 — W. 3d — 682 Great Jones 697 694 W. and E. 4th 713 — Washington PL 727 — W r averley PI. — 744 Astor PI. 755 754 E. 8th 785 784 E. 10th 819 824 E. 12th 853 858 E. 14th Union Sq. E. 15th West E. 16th 857 860 E. 17th 871 872 E. 18th 901 900 E. 20th 957 958 E. 23d 5th av. 1099 W. 24th 1119 W. 25th 1139 1134 W. 26th 1183 1172 W. 28th li'L'T 1216 W. 30th 1291 1280 W. 33d 6th av 1311 1300 W. 34th 1391 1390 W. 38th 1467 1470 W. 42d 1525 1530 W. 45th ■ 7th av. 1549 1550 W. 46th 1629 1630 W. 50th 1729 1728 W. 55th 1829 1959 2079 2157 2255 2717 2N37 2915 Trini 3741 5147 51S9 1810 W. 59th — 8th av. 1S20 W. 60th 1936 W. 65th Columbus av. - W. 66th W. 71st Amsterdam av ■ W. 72d 215S W. 76th W. 81st 2398 W. 88th — W. 93d 2574 W. 97th — W. 104th 2S34 W. 110th 2914 W. 114th 3134 W. 125th 31SS Manhattan 3226 W. 130th — W. 135th 3478 W. 142d 3674 W. 152d W. 153d ty Cemetery 3740 W. 155th 3936 W. 165th 4054 W. 171st 4234 W. ISOth W. 185th Ft. Washingt'n av. 4H34 Sherman av. Dyckman Isham Harlem River W. 211th 5160 W. 219th Isham Terrace View av. Broome, f'm 15 East St., W. to Hudson 50 Lewis 82 Columbia 178 Clinton 242 Ludlow 274 Allen 336 Bowery 388 Mulberry 414 Elm 442 Broadway 452 Mercer 466 Greene 482 Wooster 500 W. Broadway 562 Yarick 590 Hudson Bryant Pk., bet. 5th & 6th avs., W. 40th & 42d Burling SI., from 234 Pearl to East River Canal, from 182 East B'way, W. to N. R. 23 Division 71 Allen 105 Forsyth 145 Bowery 201 Mulberry 249 Elm 283 Broadway 311 Mercer 331 Greene — Church 355 Wooster 375 W. Broadway , 395 Thompson — Laight 415 Sullivan 429 Yarick ■ — Yestry 4S5 Hudson 487 Watts 503 Renwick 521 Greenwich 541 Washington Pk. West Canal St. Pk., Canal, cor. West Cannon, fm 53S Grand N. to E. Houston Carlisle, fm 112 Green- wich, W. to N. R. Carmine, from 1 6th av. to Yarick 15 Bleecker 49 Bedford SI Yarick Caroline, from 211 Duane, N. to Jay Catharine, f'm 1 Divi- sion, S. to Cherry Catharine Mkt, foot Catherine Catharine Slip, from 115Cherry,S. to E.R. Cathedral Parkway, W. 110th, from 5th av. to Riverside av. Cedar, f'm 181 Pearl, W. to North River. 39 William — Nassau 89 Broadway 127 Greenwicn 143 Washington 159 West Central Park, bet. 5th & 8th avs. and 59th & 110th Sts. Central Park S., 59th from 5th to 8th avs. Central Park. W., 8th av., f'm W. 59th to 110th 20 W. 62d 99 W. 70th 150 W 75th 228 W. 83d 278 W. 88th 330 W. 93d 379 W. 9Sth 439 W. 104th 477 W. 108th Centre, f'm City Hall Pk., N. to Broome 12 Chambers 68 Worth 158 Canal 224 Grand Centre Market, Grand cor. Centre Chambers, f'm 96 Park Row, W. to N. R. 21 Centre 69 Broadway 99 Church 131 W. Broadway 139 Hudson 171 Greenwich 183 Washington 205 West Charles, f'm 37 Green- wich av. W. to N. R. Charlton, f'm 29 Mac- dougal, W. to N. R Chatham Sq., from 2 Mott to Oliver Chelsea Sq., bet. 9th & 10th avs., 20th & 21st Cherry, f'm 340 Pearl E. to East River Chestnut, f'm 8 Oak, N. to Madison Christopher, from 3 Greenwich av. to North River 31 Waverley PI. 63 W. 4th 91 Bleecker 129 Hudson 187 West Chrystie, f'm 44 Divi- sion to E. Houston Church, f'm 99 Lib- erty, N. to Canal 17 Cortlandt 107 Park PI. 189 Duane 261 Franklin 333 Canal City Hall PI., from 15 Chambers to Pearl City Hall Sq., bet. Tryon Row and Spruce St. Claremont av., from W. 116th, between B'way & Riverside av., N. to W. 127th Claremont PI., from Claremont av., N. of W. 122, W. to Riverside av. ** READY REFERENCE GUIDE. Clarke, from 638 Broome, N. to Spring Clarkson, from 225 Yarick, W . to X. R. .11 101 John, N.I"., to Hague 34 I 54 Bi ekman 72 Ferry inkforl Clinton, from 293 E. Houston, S.to J-".. R. 71 Kivington 1'',:: i '.rami 197 K. Broadway I nnroe 255 V ■ Pearl, S to 1-:. R. r, from 51, . X. to Laight Columbia, from 520 Grand, X. to E. Houston Columbia PL, 3S6 E. 8th Columbus av\, contin- uation of 9th av., from W. 59th. X. to \V. 127th - W . tilth '.i, Broadway 139 w . 66th 257 \\ . 72d 315 \\ . 75th - W. Slst 515 W. 85th 677 \V. 93d 775 W. 98th 893 \\ . 104th 995 W. 109th 1293 VV. 124th Commerce, from 286 er to Barrow Congress, Pro 1 • 7 \Y. Houston, S. to King Convent av., from Columbus av. and \\ . 127th, X. to \V. 162d - \V. 127th - W. 135th - \V. 1 loth 91 W. 145th 189 \\ . 160th Convent Hill, W. 130th, bet. St. Nicholas and Con- vent Cooper, from Acad- emy, bet. B'way iN Seaman av. to I sham Pk., junction and 4th av-. Corlears, from 587 i. S to E. K. Cornelia, Pm 158 W. 4th, \Y. to Bleecker Cortlandt. from 171 , VV. to X. R. 26 i hurch 50 Greenwich 76 Washington 92 West Cottage PI., Hancock St. Crosby, f'm 2s How- ard, X. to Bleecker 23 ( irand 39 I'.i 71 Spring 105 Pi 143 E. Houston Delancey, from lsi Bowery, E. to I".. R. .1 & 187 □son I '1., t'm 1 '.. I2d bet. Vanderbilt ..V Lexington avs., to E. 45th Depeyster, from 13!) Waur. S. to E. R. ] lesbrosses, from 195 Hudson, W. to X.K. De Witt Clinton Pk., bet. 11th av. and Hudson River, and 5l\1 and 54th Dey, t'm 191 \\ . to North River 24 Church 5s t ireenwich 72 Washington 88 West Division, f'm 1 Bow- ery, E. to Grand — Chrystie — Forsyth Bayard 61 Market — Eldridge Allen 107 I'ike — Orchard 1 13 (anal — Ludlow — Essex \\ m. 11. Seward Pk Norfolk 179 [efferson uffolk 1 1 207 I Atti 217 Montgomery — Rii I'm 1 . mverneur Dominick, from 13 W. to Hud I'm 340 Pearl, S. to East River from 21'' ker, W. 'o Yarick f'm 13 Chat- ham Sep, to I 1 '■• Dock, V \. to E. 12th ] >uane. fri >m 40 Rose, W. to .North River 21 Park Row idway 1 l!i W. I '.roadway L85 Grei 21 7 West Duncomb PI., E. 128th, bet. 2d and 3d avs. Dunham PI., 142 W. 33d Dunscomb PL. E. 50th. bet. 1st av. & Beekman Place. Dutch, from 49 John to Fulton Dyckman, from Ilar- lem River, S. ol Academy, to N. R. East, from 750 Wa- ter, N. to Rivingt'n E. Broadway, f'm 19 Chatham Square to (irand i.-irine 73 Market 117 I 163 Rutgers 189 I. nton 259 Montgomery 287 < iouverneur immel East End av., Av. B, f'm I-'.. 79th to 89th 1 E. 79th 95 E. 84th East River Pk. — E. 89th ]•:. Houston, f'm 608 B'way, E. to E. R. s. Bowery — 2d av. — 1st av. — Av. A Av. B 357 Pitt Hamilton Pish Pk. Av C 463 Lewis 509 Mangin E. River Pk., bet. 1 End av. & E. R., & E. 84th & E. 89th E. 4th. f'm 694 Broad- way, E. to E. R. 20 i tfa tti PI. 41 Bowery Id av. 130 Nt av. 180 Av. A 212 Av. B 300 W. C Vv. 1) 392 Lewis E. 8th, fm 7 5th av., E. to East River 42 University PL 4 1 i ri 60 Mi 130 Broadway 142 Lafayette PL — 4th av. St. Mark's PI. Tompkins Sq. i: 342 Av. (' bia PI. 408 Av. 1) 426 Lewis E. 9th. from 21 5th E. R. 20 University PI. 68 Broadway '.' ' tth av. — 3d av. — Stuwesant 238 2d av. 348 1st av. 442 Av. A Tompkins Sq. 650 Av. C 752 Av. D E. 10th, fm 33 5th av. East River 26 University PL HI. av. 98 3d av. 12s Stuyvesant 212 1st av. 288 Av. A. 1 1 impkins Sq. Sq. Av. B 394 Av. C lis Av. I) E. 11th, from 41 5th av., E. to E. R. 34 University PL s ' Bn ladway h av. 3d av. 300 2d av. 400 1st av. E Av. A 600 Av. B 700 Av. C 721 Dry Dock — Av. D E. 12th, fm 51 5th av.. !■:. to E. R. 28 University PI. 5S Broadway 100 tth av. 200 3d av. 300 2d av. 400 l,t av. 5(10 Av. A 600 Av. B 700 Av. C 72S 1 )ry Dock 800 Av. 1 • E. 13th. fm 61 5th av., E. to East River, numbered like E. E. 14th, Pm675th av.. E. to East River l 'un 'ii Sip. W. 36 University PL 60 Broadway 100 4th av. — Irving PL 201 3d av. 300 2d av. 400 1st ." Av. A 600 Av. B Av. C ]■'.. 15th, fm 71 5th av., East River 22 1 fnion Sep, W. Ill [rving PL 200 3d av. Rutherford PL 300 2d av. — Livingston PI. 400 1st av. E \ . \ 600 Av. B 7"! I '- K. 16th, fm si 5th av., E. to Easl River, numbered like E.lSth E. 17th. Pm 936th av., Easl River. numbered like E.lSth E. 18th. from 107 6th av.. K. to E. R., 28 Broadway 100 4th av. lis Irving PI. 200 3d av. READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 300 2d av. 400 1st av. 500 Av. A 600 Av. B 700 Av. C E. 19th, from 117 5th av., E. to E. R., numbered like E.18th E. 20th, from 133 5th av., E. to East River 8 Broadway 100 4th av. — Gramercy Pk. 124 Irving PI. 200 3d av. 300 2d av. 400 1st av. 500 Av. A E. 21st, from 147 5th av., E. to E. R., numbered like E.20th E. 22d, from 165 5th av., E. to East River — Broadway 100 4th av. 128 Lexington av. 200 3d av. 300 2d av. 400 1st av. 500 Av. A E. 23d, from 185 5th av., E. to East River 2 Broadway — Madison av. 100 4th av. 200 3d av. 300 2d av. 400 1st av. 500 Av. A E. 24th, from 11 Madison av., E. to East River 100 4th av. 134 Lexington av. 200 3d av. 300 2d av. 400 1st av. 500 Av. A E. 25th, from 21 Mad- ison av., E. to E. R. 38 Madison av. 100 4th av. 132 Lexington av. 200 3d av. 300 2d av. 400 1st av. E. 26th, f'ra 215 5th av., E. to East River — 5th av. Madison Sq. N. Sq. Madison av. 100 4th av. 128 Lexington av. 200 3d av. 300 2d av. 400 1st av. 500 Av. A All numbered East Side streets f'm 26th to Harlem River commence at 5th av. and run E. to E.R., and are ..numbered similar to 26th St., a hundred numbers being on each block between the num- bered avenues. Edgar, f'm 69 Green- wich, to Trinity PI. Edgecomb av., from Emerson, from Am- junc. St. Nicholas sterdam av., opp. av. and W. 136th to W. 207th, to Pres- 155th cott av. 46 W. 137th Essex, from 160 Divi- 116 W. 140th sion, N. to E. Hous- 230 W. 145th ton - W. 155th Essex Mkt. PI., f'm Edgecomb Rd., from W. 155th and St 68 Ludlow, to Essex Exchange Al., f'm 55 Nicholas av., to B'way, to Trinity Amsterdam av.. Place. Eighth av., from 598 Hudson, N. to Har- Exchange Ct., 74 Ex- change Place lem River. Exchange PL, f'm 6 2 Abingdon Sq. Hanover to B'way 20 W. 12th Extra PI., rear of 10 — W. 4th 1st St. 60 Horatio Farmer's Mkt., Wash- Jackson Sq. — W. 13th ington, cor. Ganse- voort — Greenwich av. Ferry, from 88 Gold 78 W. 14th to Pearl 160 W. 18th Fifth, f'm 379 Bowery, 254 W. 23d E. to East River 356 W. 28th 200 Bowery 474 \V. 34th 246 2d av. 568 \V. 38th — Av. A. 678 W. 42d 752 Av. D. 718 W. 45th Fifth Avenue 828 W. 50th Fifth av., from 12 888 W. 53d Washington Sq. to 988 \V. 58th Harlem River Central Park West — E. 8th 2050 W. 11th 21 E. 9th 2144 W. 116th 33 E. 10th 2224 W. 120th 67 E. 14th 2236 St. Nicholas av. 107 E. 18th 2330 \V. 125th 133 E. 20th 2428 \V. 130th 185 E. 23d 2534 W. 135th — Broadway W. 140th 249 E. 28th W. 145th 281 E. 30th W. 150th 315 E. 32d 2910 W. 153d 353 E. 34th Eldridge, f'm 86 Divi- 387 E. 36th sion, to E. Houston 421 E. 38th Eleventh av., f'm W. 457 E. 40th 14th, N.toNaegleav. 499 E. 42d 80 W. 18th 545 E. 45th 180 W. 23d 623 E. 50th 280 W. 28th 703 E. 65th 394 W. 34th 751 E. 58th 552 W. 42d 775 E. 59th 700 W. 50th 787 E. 60th 794 W. 65th 837 E. 65th 862 W. 59th 884 E. 70th West End av. 939 E. 75th — W. 173d 989 E. 80th — W. 180th 1038 E. 85th — W. 190th 10S9 E. 90th — Audubon av. 1139 E. 95th — F. George av. 1189 E. 100th — Naegle av. 1239 E. 105th Elizabeth, from 52 1289 E. 110th Bayard, N. to 1335 E. 112th Bleecker 1415 E. 116th 30 Canal 1475 E. 119th 100 Grand E. 120th 216 Prince Mt. Morris Park. 270 E. Houston 2001 E. 124th Elm, f'm 14 Reade, 2021 E. 125th N. to Great Jones 2119 E. 130th 15 Duane 2217 E. 135th 31 Pearl 2321 E. 140th 45 Worth E. 142d 61 Leonard Harlem River Elwood, f'm Hillside First, f'm 303 Bowery av.. bet. B'way & 11th av., to Sher- E. to Av. A 27 2d av. man av. 73 st av. First av., f'm 166 E Houston to Harlerr River 10 1st 116 7th 232 E. 14th 304 E. 18th 392 E. 23d — E. 28th — E. 34th 738 E. 42d E. 50th 1000 E. 55th 1100 E. 60th 1200 E. 65th 1300 E. 70th 1442 E. 75th 1528 E. 80th 1634 E. 85th 1734 E. 90th E. 95th 1934 E. 100th 2034 E. 105th E. 110th Thos. Jefferson Pk. 2236 E. 115th 2336 E. 120th 2434 E. 125th Fletcher, from 208 Pearl, S. to E. R. Forsyth, f'm 68 Divi- sion to E. Houston 90 Grand 188 Stanton Ft. George av., from Amsterdam av. and W. 190th, W. to 11th av. Ft. Washington av., f'm B'way and W. 159th, N. to B'way. Fourth av., continu- ation of Bowery to E. 34th 39 Astor PI. 59 E. 9th 157 E. 14th Union Square 247 E. 20th 289 E. 23d 401 E. 28th 477 E. 32d Frankfort, from 170 Nassau, E. to Pearl 17 William 43 Gold 75 Cliff Franklin f'm 64 Bax- ter, W. to N. R. 38 Elm 64 Broadway 94 Church 124 W. Broadway. 166 Hudson 194 Greenwich 198 Washington 218 West Franklin PI., from 68 Franklin to White Franklin Sq., from 10 Cherry to Pearl Front, f'm 49 White- hall to Roosevelt, and from South cor. Montgomery to East River 6 Moore 21 Broad 113 Wall 151 Maiden Lane 199 Fulton READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 291 Roosevelt 301 Montgomery 317 Ciouverneur si. 371 Jackson Fulton". I'm 93 South. \V. to North River Market Front 26 Water 37 Pearl :,:; (l,n 79 Gold 99 William — Dutch 123 Nassau 165 Broadway 187 Church 225 Greenwich 239 Washington Wesl Gansevoort, from 35(5 W. 4th, X. to N. R. Gay, f'm 141 Waver- ley PI. to Christo- pher Goerck, f'm 574 Grand X. to 3d Gold, from 87 Maiden Lane to Frankfort 12 l'latt 24 lohn 50 Fulto 50 - Ann 64 Beekman — Spruce i Jouv< rni -ii, fn Division, S. to Wa- ter Gouverneur SI., from 371 South, N. to Water Gramercy Pk., f'm K. 20th to E. 2lst, bet. 3d and 4th avs. Grand, f'm 7S Yarick, E. to East River 17 Sullivan 33 Thompsi 'ii 49 W. Broadway 71 Wo ST Greene 106 Mercer 119 Broadway i:;i ( rosby 161 Elm 163 Centre (Cutrc Market 171 Baxter 189 Mulberry 103 Mot! 219 Elizabeth 236 I'.owery I rvstie 269 Forsyth 289 Fldridge 307 Allen 321 Orchard 339 Ludlow 373 Norfolk 389 Suffolk 407 Clinton 423 Attorney 441 Ridge 459 Pit! 471 Division 473 E. Broadway — Willett — Sheriff — Columbia 627 Henry — — Cannon 641 Jackson — Lewis 567 Madison — Goerck 589 Corlears — Mangin 599 Monroe — Tompkins 626 East Grand Circle, 8th av., bet, W . 58th & W. 60th Great Jones, f'm 682 B'way, to Bowery Greeley Sq., between Broadway and 6th av., 32d and 34th Greene, from 331 Canal, N. to E. 8th 36 < Irand ."■I I'.roome 84 Spring 120 l'rince L46 W . Houston 182 Bleecker I'll \\ . 3d 224 W. 4th 246 W ashington PI. 260 E. sili Greenwich. from 4 Battery PL, to ( iansevoort 89 Hector 139 Cedar L49 Liberty 169 Cortlandt 185 Dey 197 Fulton 213 Yesey 229 Barclay 249 1'ark PI. 267 Murray 283 Warren 301 Chambers 369 Franklin 477 Canal 683 W . Ibmston 677 Christopher 696 W. 10th 796 W . 12th 819 Horatio Green wich av., from 106 6th av. to 8th av. — Christopher Tefferson Market 16 W. 10th — Charles — Perry 72 W. 11th 71 7th av. — Bank 88 W. 12th — Jane 118 W. 13th — Horatio Grove, from 488 Hud- son to Waverley pi. 1- Bedford 18 Bieecker 76 \\ . lib Hague, f'm 367 Pearl W. to Cliff Hamilton, from 73 Catharine, E. to Market Hamilton Fish bet. Stanton, Houston, Pitt Sheriff Pk., E. and Hamilton PI., from Broadway c. 137th to Amsterdam and 144th Hamilton Ter., from W. 141st, n. Con- vent av., N. to W. 141th Hi. k. f'm 176 W. Houston, North to Bleecker I [ancock PL, Manhat- tan, from St. Nich- olas av. to Colum- bus av. Hancock Sq., bet. St. Nicholas and Man- hattan avs. and W. 123d r, f'm 57 Wall S. to Pearl 1 1, mover Sq., from 105 Pearl to Stone Hanson PL, 2d av , bet. E. 124th and 125th Harlem River Drive- way, f'm W. L55th and Edgecomb Rd., X. to Dyckman 1 [arrison, f'm 81 1 1 ud son, \\ . to X. R. Harry Howard Sq., bet. Canal, Wall-er, Baxter & Mulberry Henry, f'm 14 I >li\ er, E. to ('.rami Herald Sq., between B'way, 6th tv., W. "HI, and 36lh Hester, from 216 Div- ision, W. to Centre Hillside av., from Broadway and Nac- gle av to 11th av. Horatio. f'm 129 Green- wich. W. to N. R. Howard, f'm 201 Cen- tre. W. to Mercer 10 Elm 28 ("rosby 12 Broadway Hubert, f'm 149 Hud- son. W. to X. R. Hudson, from 139 Chambers, N. to !Hli av. 16 Reade 28 Duane 100 Franklin 206 Canal 384 W. Houston 402 Clarkson 500 Christopher 598 8th av. Abingdon Sq. 684 W. 14th Irving PL, f'm 117 E. 14th, X. to E. 20th 11 B. 16th 30 E. 16th 50 E. 17th 6) E. 18th 78 E. 19th Jackson, from 338 Henry, S. to E. R. Jackson Sq., 8th av., bet. Horatio and Greenwich av. Jacob, from 19 Ferry to Frankfort James, from 215 Park Row, S. to James Sh Slip, from 77 Cherry. S. to E. R. lane, from 113 < ireen- wich av. to X. R. lav. from 61 Hudson, \\ . to North River Jeannette Pk., ( oen ties SI., bet. Front and South Jefferson, from 179 I livision, S. to E. R. Jefferson Market, 6th av., cor Greenwich av. Jersey, f'm 127 Crosby E, to Mulberry lolin. f'm 184 B'way, I to Pearl 30 Xassau — Dutch 68 William 88 Gold Cliff 120 Bearl Jones, f'm 174 W. 4th, W. to Bleecker King, from -11 Mac- ■ I. W. to N.R. Kingsbridge av., f'm Terrace Yiew av. to Spuyten 1 >uy^ il Ck. Kingsbridge Rd., f'm Amsterdam av. & \\ I62d, N. to W. 170th Lafayette PL, f'm 8 Great (ones, N. to E. 8th Laight. from 398 Ca- nal, W. to X. R. Lenox av., fm 110th N. to Harlem River i,; w. mth 120 \\ . U6th 128 W. 120th 298 W . 125th 398 W. 130th 494 \\ . i. 15th 598 W. L40th 698 W. 145th 77s w . 1 19th Leonard, f'm 92 ll id son, E. tO Baxter 36 W. Broadway 64 Church 98 Broadway 118 I'd m 140 Centre Leroy. f'm '-'is Bleeck- er, W. to X. R. Lewis, f'n 556 Grand. \. to E. sib Lexington av., from 121 E. 21st, X. to Mi' ,:, Ki\ er 17 K. 23d 28th 149 I Bth 555 E. 50th k,:, E. 56th 763 E. 60th I 65th 961 E. 70th L066 E. 75th 1169 E. 80th 1269 K. S5th 1369 E. 90th. READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 1469 E. 90th 1565 E. 100th 1673 E. 105th 1773 E. 110th 1857 E. 115th E. 120th 2063 E. 125th E. 130th liberty f'm 76 Maiden Lane, W. to N. R. 13 William 51 Nassau 57 Liberty PI. 75 Broadway 97 Church 123 Greenwich 137 Washington 147 West Liberty PL, from 57 Liberty to Maiden Lane Lispenard, f'm 151 W. B'way to B'way Little W. 12th, from Gansevoort to N.R. Livingston PL, from 325 E. 15th to E. 17th London Ter., W. 23d, bet. 9th & 10th avs. Long Acre Sq., bet. B'way, 7th av. & W. 43d Ludlow, f'm 144 Divi- sion, N. to E. Houston Macdougal, from 219 Spring, N. to W. 8th. 70 W. Houston. 98 Bleecker 154 W. 4th Washington Sq. — W. 8th Macdougal Allev, f'm Macdougal, n 8th, E. Madison, from 426 Pearl, E. to Grand 72 Catharine 224 Tefferson 384 Jackson Madison av., from 29 E. 23d, N. to Har- lem River 61 E. 27th 117 E. 30th 183 E. 34th 245 E. 38th 315 E. 42d 351 E. 45th 439 E. 50th 549 E. 55th 651 E. 60th 751 E. 65th 841 E. 70th 953 E. 75th 1047 E. 80th 1141 E. 85th 1245 E. 90th 1351 E. 95th 1449 E. 100th 1553 E. 105th 1647 E. 110th 1747 E. 115th 1847 E. 120th Mt. Morri 1943 E. 125th 2049 E. 130th 2149 E. 135th Madison Sq., bet. 5th and Madison avs., E. 23d and E. 26th Park Madison Sq. N., E. 26th, bet. 5th and Madison avs. Maiden Lane, from 172 B'way to E. R. 26 Nassau 62 William 76 Liberty 106 Pearl 134 Water 144 Front 168 South Mail, from Broadway, opp. Park PL, E. to Park Row Mangin, from 590 Grand, N. to E. Houston Manhattan, from 444 E. Houston, N. to 3d. Manhattan av., from W. 100th, bet. Cen- tral Park, N. and Columbus av., N. to St. Nicholas av. Marion, from 404 Broome, N. Market, f'm 61 Divi- sion, S. to E. R. Marketfield, from 72 Broad, W. Mercer, f'm 311 Canal, N. to E. 8th 14 Howard 34 Grand 64 Broome 100 Spring 138 Prince 170 W. Houston 210 Bleecker 246 W. 3d 260 W. 4th 274 Washington PL Milligan P1..139 6th av Minetta, from 209 Bleecker to Minetta Lane Minetta La., from 113 Macdougal to 6th av. Mission PL, from 5S Park, N. to Worth Mitchell PL, E. 49th, 1st av. to Beekman Place. Monroe, f'm 59 Cath- arine, E. to Grand Montgomery, f'm 247 Division, S. to E.R. Moore, f'm 30 Pearl, S. to East River Morningside av.. E., from W. 110th, opp. Manhattan av., N. to w. 123d — W. 110th — W. 112th 10 W. 115th 17 W. 116th 29 W. 117th 39 W. 118th 60 W. 120th 78 W. 122d Morningside av. W., from W. 110th, W. of Columbus av. to 122d Morningside Pk., bet. Morningside av., E. & W. and W. 110th and W. 123d Morris, f'm 27 B'way W. to North River Morton, from 270 Bleecker, W. to N. R. Mott, from 200 Park Row, N. to Bleecker 82 Canal 144 Grand 206 Spring 292 E. Houston Mt. Morris Pk. W., from W. 130th, bet. 5th and Lenox avs., to W. 124th 1 W. 120th 10 W. 121st 18 W. 122d 30 W. 123d 38 W. 124th Mulberry from 186 Park R'w to Bleeck- 8 Worth 88 Canal 150 Grand 254 Prince 292 E. Houston Murrav, from 247 B'way, W. to N. R. 29 Church 61 W. Broadway 87 Greenwich 95 Washington 111 West Nassau, f'm 20 Wall, N. to Park Row — Pine 26 Cedar 38 Liberty 54 Maiden Lane 70 Tohn 90 Fulton 102 Ann 136 Beekman 152 Spruce 170 Frankfort New, from 7 Wall, S. to Beaver New Bowery, f'm 396 Pearl, N. to Park Row New Chambers, from 107 Park Row, E. to Cherry 12 William — Pearl 36 Rose 52 New Bowery — Roosevelt 92 Cherry Ninth av., f'm Ganse- voort, N. to W. 59th — W. 14th 122 W. 18th 206 W. 23d 350 W. 30th — W. 34th 580 W. 42d 740 W. 50th 840 W. 55th 924 W. 59th Norfolk, f'm ISO Divi- sion, North to E. Houston North Moore, f'm 234 W. Rroadwy, W. to North River North William, from 16 Frankfort to Park Row Oak, f'm 392 Pearl, E. to Catharine. Old SI., f'm 106 Pearl, S. to East River Oliver, f'm 63 New Bowery, S. to E. R. Orchard, f'm 124 Divi- sion, N. to E. Houston Park, from 36 Centre, E. to Mott Park av., continuation of 4th av. from E. 34th, N. to H. R. 65 E. 38th 135 E. 42d 375 E. 53d 497 E. 59th 607 E. 65th 717 E. 70th 819 E. 75th 911 E. 80th 1015 E. 85th 1115 E. 90th 1217 E. 95th E. 100th 1407 E. 105th 1507 E. 110th 1635 E. 116th 1711 E. 120th 1817 E. 125th 1915 E. 130th E. 133d Park PL, from 237 Broadway, W. to North River 27 Church 57 W. Broadway 71 Greenwich 91 Washington 107 West Park Row. f'm 1 Ann, E. to Chatham Sq. 34 Beekman 41 Spruce — Mail 53 Frankfort 89 N. William — Chambers 107 New Chambers 109 Duane 163 Pearl — Baxter 187 Roosevelt — Mulberry 215 James — Worth — Mott 231 New Bowery Pearl, f'm 14 State, E. and N. to B'way 24 Whitehall 52 Broad — William 152 Wall 194 Maiden Lane 266 Fulton 286 Beekman 348 Franklin Sq 396 New Bowery — Vandewater — William 464 Park Row 512 Centre 536 Elm 554 Broadway Peck Slip, from 312 Pearl, E. to South Pelham, f'm 96 Mon- roe, S. to Cherry READY REFERENCE GUIDE. Tell, f'm 18 Bowery, \\ , to Mott Perry, from 55 < ireen- wich av., W toN. R. Pike, from 107 Divi- E. R. Pine, f'm 106 B'way, K. to East River 13 Nassau 45 William 79 Pearl 85 Water 91 Front Pitt, f'm 276 Division X. to E. Houston Piatt, f'm 221 W. to William Pleasant av.. f'm 1':. 1 li. E. Of 1-t av.. N. to Harlem River 182 E. IH'th U6th 376 E. 120th — E. i Prince, f'm 230 Bow- ery, W. to Macdou- gal 15 Elizabeth ?9 Broadway idway. 180 Sullivan in 22 Duane, W. to North River 11 Elm 12 Broadway 112 W. Broadway 191 v Rector, f'm 7:; Broad- way, W, to X. R. Canal. X. to Spring Ridge, from 25 . ti I . Hous- ton Riverside av., from \\. 72d, 1><;. V\ . t End av. ami ll'th av.. X. to Manhattan. 26 W. Tf.th 39 w . 76th 49 W. 77th 71 W, 79th 7S W. 80th 86 w . 95 W. 82d 109 W. 83d 129 W . 86th 117 W. 87th 162 V- 185 W. 91st 280 W. 1""th 318 w . iMiih 354 \\ . 108th — W. 110th — W. U6th — \\ — W. 129th Riverside Pk., bet, ide av.. Hud- River, W. 72d and 129th Rivington, from 213 . 1 ■". ti i E. R. 67 Allen 161 Clinton 267 i olumbia 321 Coerck 371 East elt, from 187 Park Row, S. to River 59 New Chambers 117 V 137 South 14 Frank- fort, E. to Pearl Rutgers, f'm 26 Canal, S. to East River Rutherford PI., from I I L7th, S. to St Clement's PL, OUgal, from W. Hou ton to Bleeck- cr. and Waverley PI. to 8th St. Mark'- PI., E. 8th, from 3d av. to St. Nicholas av.. f'm av. ami W. Ilnth to Amsterdam av. and W. 161st 20 Lenox 54 \\ . 113th 110 w. 116th 218 W. 121st ! i av. 258 \\ . 123d 276 W. 1 24th 336 W . 127th 100 W . 130th 190 w . 135th 694 W 796 V\ 970 V\ 159th PL, f'm St. Nicholas av. & W. 149th, X. to w. L55th St. Nicholas Ter., f'm W. 127th and St. Nicholas av.,tol 10th Scammel, f'm 299 E. B'way, S. to \\ ater Second, f'm 3 < tv. E. to Av. 1> 1 av. 1 15 Av. A W. C Second av., f'm U - E. Houston, N. hiii River 116 7th 14th 498 E. 28th . 34th 42d 50th . 70th SOth E. 100th 21 Hi', E. 110th U5th 120th 2498 I 20 1th av., E R. Id av. 130 Av. A 300 Lewis r,. .12 Seventh av.. from 74 ( Ira-iitt ich av . X ntral I'ark. iV from W. 110th, X. ti Harlem River 53 W. 11th 133 W. 18th 219 W. 23d 28th 439 W. 34th 599 W. 42d 759 W . 50th 861 W. 55th 941 I i ntral Pk. S. Central I'ark 1MH \\ . 1111th 1893 W. 115th St. Nicholas av. 1921 W. 116th 1999 W. 120th 2039 W. 122d 2089 W. 125th 2161 W. 128th 2197 W. 130th 135th 2339 W. 137th 2413 W. 141st \Y ! . W . 119th W. ' Harlem K i\ i r Sheriff. from Grand, X. to 2d Sherman av., from and Elw I, N. to Wu-t. rdam av., and \Y. 211th Sherman Sq.. bet. B'way, W av. and W. 73d Sixth, f'm 395 Bowery River Sixth av.. from Car- mine. X T . to Central I'ark 36 W. 4th Greenwich av. 130 W. 10th 208 W. 11th 228 W. 15th 2 is W. 16th 266 W. 17th 286 W. 18th 29v W. I'.'tl, — \\ . 338 W. 21st 356 W. 22d 374 W. 23d 412 W. 25th 462 W 636 W . 32d Bn ladway 612 W. 36th Sq. V\ 792 W. 45th 886 w 97.; V\ k, S. •in 66 White- hall. E. to E. R. 11 Broad 5S Wall 75 Maiden Lane 93 Cilton — Beekman is fames Slip tarket mton 386 Jackson Corlears Hook Pk. East i South William, from 7 William to Hi i .ad lem River Drive- way). Spring, f'm 1S8 Bow- ers. W. to X. K. 11 Elizabeth 46 Mulberry I . idway 121 Greene 157 \\ . Bn ladway 197 Sullivan 259 \ arick 291 Hudson 317 < ireenwich 353 W est from II I'ark I to Gold ery, E. to I'.. R. 7:: Allen r 133 .Norfolk Hamilton Fish 1'rk 271 Columbia 351 Tompkins State, from 48 White- hall to Broadway 1 Wlnt, hall is r 23 Bridge 30 Bowfing Green St. -i. . f'm 13 W Inte- haii to Wiiiiam nit. f'm 29 3d av.. E. to 2d av. 1 1 E. 9th 46 E. 10th Stuyvesanl Sq., het. Rutherford PI. and Livingston PL, K. nd E. 17tl, Suffolk, fm 20 sion to E. Houston Sullivan. from 415 Canal. X. to W. 3d 21 < irand 66 Broome 166 W . Houston lleecker from SS Lib- S. to Thames Tenth av., from 512 W« t. N. to W. 59th 66 W. 11th 22.. \\ 312 W. 28th 571 W . I2d 634 W. 45th 828 W . 55th ssv W. 58th Thames. from 111 B'way to Greenwich Third, f'm 346 Bow- erv. I'., to E. R. Id av. 1 12 A \ '.li 394 Goerck Third av., continua- tion of Bowery, N. to Harlem River 10th i 13 I . 11th 203 E. 18th 299 E. 23d READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 391 E. 28th 429 E. 30th 505 E. 34th 657 E. 42d 773 E. 4Sth 875 E. 53d 989 E. 59th 1047 E. 62d E. 67th 1201 E. 70th 1309 E. 75th 1409 E. 80th 1505 E. 85th 1599 E. 90th 1693 E. 95th 1799 E. 100th 1923 E. 106th 2001 E. 110th 2133 E. 116th 2199 E. 120th 2297 E. 125th E. 130th Harlem River Thirteenth av., from 148 Gansevoort, N. to W. 30th Thomas, from 317 B'way, W. to Hud- son 41 Church 73 W. Broadway. Thompson, from 395 Canal, N. to W. 4th 20 Grand 82 Spring 160 W. Houston 204 Bleecker Tompkins, from 606 Grand, N. to E. R. Tompkins Sq., bet. Avs. A and B., E. 7th and E. 10th Trinity PL, from 6 Morris, N. to Lib- erty Tryon Row, from 1 Centre, E. to Park Row Twelfth av., from foot W. 30th, N. to W. 151st Union Square, bet. B'way, 4th av., E. 14th and E. 17th Union Square E., 4th av. from E. 14th to E. 17th Union Square W., B'way. from E. 14th to E. 17th University PI., from 29 Waverley PI. to E. 14th Vandam, f'm 13 Mac- dougal to Green- wich Yanderbilt av., from 27 E. 42d to E. 45th Vandewater, from 54 Frankfort, E. to Pearl V arick, f'm 130 Frank- lin, N. to Carmine 70 Canal 108 Broome 204 W. Houston 230 Carmine Vesey, from B'way, opp. 222, W. to N.R. 30 Church 66 W. Broadway 70 Greenwich 86 Washington 110 West Vestry, f'm 428 Canal, W. to North River 26 Hudson 56 Washington Walker, from 135 W B'wav, E. to Canal 29 Church 69 Broadway 93 Elm 109 Centre Wall, from 86 B'way, E. to East River 7 New Nassau 21 Broad 51 William 57 Hanover Sq. 75 Pearl 89 Water 103 Front 119 South Warren, from 259 B'way, W r . to N. R. 32 Church 62 W. Broadway 96 Greenwich 106 Washington Washington, from 6 Battery PL. to W 14th 97 Rector 145 Cedar 153 Liberty 169 Cortlandt 179 Dey 191 Fulton 205 Yesey 221 Barclay 239 Park PL 255 Murray 271 Warren 285 Chambers 347 Franklin 475 Canal 565 W*. Houston 647 Christopher 655 W. 10th 765 W. 12th 815 Gansevoort Washington PL, from 713 Broadway, W. to Grove 21 Greene 35 Wash'ton Sq., E. 61 Macdougal 89 6th av. — Barrow Washington Sq., bet. Wooster, Macdou- gal, W. 4th and Waverley PL Washington Sq. E., from 43 W. 4th to Waverley PL Washington Sq. N., f'm 29 to 89 Wav- erley PL Washington Sq. S., from 54 to 126 W. 4th Washington Sq. W., f'm 148 to 165 Mac- dougal Water, f'm 41 White- hall, E. to E. R. 21 Broad 113 Wall 199 Fulton 321 Roosevelt 389 Catharine SI. 469 Pike 565 Clinton 685 Jackson — East Watts, f'm 44 Sulli- van, W. to N. R. Waverley PL, from 727 B'way, to Bank 23 Greene — Wash'ton Sq. E. 57 5th av. 123 6th av. 183 W. 10th 231 W. 11th West, f'm 12 Battery PL, N. to 10th av. 56 Rector 102 Liberty 130 Fulton Mkt. Yesey 147 Barclay 185 Chambers 215 Franklin 271 Desbrosses 293 Canal Mkt. Spring 321 Charlton 342 W. Houston 387 Christopher 425 W. 11th 485 W. 12th 533 Gansevoort 542 10th av. West Broadway, from 66 Yesey, N. to W. 4th 35 Park PL 75 Warren 93 Chambers 163 Worth 205 Franklin 297 Canal 331 Grand 363 Broome 399 Spring 439 Prince 519 Bleecker 563 W. 3d West End Av., 11th av. from W. 59th to W. 107th 54 W. 62d 154 W. 67th 256 W. 72d 318 W. 75th 378 W. 78th 436 W. 81st 516 W. S5th 598 W. 89th 678 W. 93d 758 \V. 97th S22 W. 100th S98 W. 104th — W. 106th — Broadway — W, 107th W. Houston, from 609 B'way to N. R. 18 Mercer 38 Greene 60 Wooster 82 W. Broadway 148 Macdougal 236 Varick 276 Hudson 310 Greenwich 328 Washington 348 West West 3d, from 681 B'way, W. to 6th av. 9 Mercer 29 Greene — Wooster 57 W. Broadway 77 Thompson — Sullivan 111 Macdougal W. 4th, f'm 697 B'way, W. to W. 13th 11 Mercer 31 Greene 43 Wash. Sq. E. — Wooster — W. Broadway — Thompson — Sullivan — Macdougal 151 6th av. 193 Barrow 231 W. 10th 281 W. 11th 319 W. 12th 333 8th av. — Gansevoort W. 8th, f'm 8 5th av., W. to 6th av. W. 9th, f'm 22 5th av., W. to 6th av. W. 10th, f'm 32 5th av., W. to N. R 71 6th av. 127 Greenwich av. 153 Waverley PL 181 W. 4th 209 Bleecker 245 Hudson 265 Greenwich 279 Washington Weehawken 307 West W. 11th, f'm 46 5th av., W. to N. R. 77 6th av. 167 7th av. — Greenwich av. 213 Waverley PI 253 W. 4th 285 Bleecker 297 Hudson 309 Greenwich 345 Washington 375 West W. 12th, from 5S5th av., W. to N. R. 83 6th av. 175 7th av. 229 Greenwich av. 281 W. 4th 293 8th av. 329 Greenwich 371 Washington 401 West W. 13th, from 70 5th av., W. to N. R. 69 6th av. 161 7th av. 253 Greenwich av. W. 4th 337 Hudson 455 10th av. W. 14th, from 82 5th av., W. to N. R. 101 6th av. READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 201 7th av. 301 8th av. 401 9th av. 501 10th av. 601 11th av. — 13th av. North River All streets on the West side from 14th t" 58th, inclusive, begin at Fifth av., run to the Hudson River and are num- bered similar to \\ . Mill. a hundred numbers being used on each block. \V. 59th. from Crand Circle. W. to N. R. 359 Columbus av. — 9th av. — 10th av. — West End av. — 11th av. W. 60th, from 1855 B'way, W. to N. R. 101 Columbus av. 'Jul Amsterdam av. 301 West End av. W. 61st, f'm Central Park West toN. R. 1 Central I'k. W. — Broadway 101 Columbus av. 201 Amsterdam av. 301 West End av. All streets on the West side from W. 61st to W. 109th street, inclusive, be- gin at Central Park West, and are num- bered similar to W. til ^t. a hundred numbers being used on each block. W. UOth (Cathedral Parkway), f'm 5th av. W. to Riverside av. — St. Nicholas av. — Lenox av. — 7th av. — 8th av. — Manhattan av. — Columbus av. — M'gside .'u E. Mormngside l'k — M'gside av. W. — Amsterdam av. 547 Broadway W. 111th. Pm 5th av., W. to Riverside av. W. 112th, f'm 5th av., W. to Riverside av. li'l Lenox a v. 105 St. Nicholas av 201 7th av. 301 8th av. 829 Manhattan av. — M'gside av. E. Moraingside Park. 401 M'gside av. W. 601 Amsterdam av. 601 Broadway All streets from W. 112th to W. 120th, inclusive, begin at 5th av., run W. to Riverside av., and are numbered simi- lar to W. 112th \V. 121st. from Mt. Morris Pk., W. to Riverside av. 101 Lenox av. 201 7th av. 273 St. Nicholas av. 301 8th av. 317 Manhattan av. 364 M'gside av. E. 401 M'gside av. W. 501 Amsterdam av. 601 Broadway W. 122d. from Mount Morris Pk. to Riv- erside av. W. 123d, from Mount Morris Pk., to Riv- erside av. W. 124th, Pm 2002 5th av.. \Y. to B'way W. 125th. f'm 2020 5th av., W. to Clare- mnnt av. 101 Lenox 201 7th av. 301 Sth av. 335 St. Nicholas av. 401 Columbus av. 413 Manhattan av. 501 Amsterdam av. 601 Broadway All streets from W. 125th to W. 143d be- gin at 5th av., run \Y. to North River and are numbered similar to W. 125th W. 144th, f'm Harlem River, W. to N. R. 101 Lenox av. 201 7th av. >1 Sth av. 315 Bradhurst av. 411 Hamilton Ter. 451 Convent av. 51 I \msterdam av. — Hamilton PI. 601 I '.roadway W. 145th, Pm Harlem River. \Y. to N. R. 101 Lenok av. •Jul 7th a v. 301 8th av. 317 Bradhurst av. 345 Edgecomb av. 401 St. Nicholas av. 501 Amsterdam av. 501 Amsterdam av. 601 Broadway 12th av. All streets from \Y. 145th to tV. 164th, begin at Harlem River and run W. to North River, and are numbered simi- lar to W. 146th W. 156th. f'm 7th av., W. to North River 201 7th av. — Macomb's La. 301 Sth av. — Bradhurst av. Harlem R. 1 Irivew'y ■1i il St. Nicholas PI — Edgecomb av. — St. Nicholas av. 501 Amsterdam av. 601 Broadway W. 156th, from 921 St. Nicholas av., \\ . to Bn ladway 423 St. Nicholas av. W. 157th, f'm Edge- comb Rd., W. to B'way W. r.Mh, f'm 957 St. Nicholas av., W. to North River 525 Audubon av. 601 Broadway W. 159th, from Edge- cm 1. Road, W. to Broadway \\ . 160th, from Edge- comb Road. W. to 485 W. 129th Broadway W. 161st, from 2036 Amsterdam av., W. to Broadway W. 162d from Edge- comb Road, W. to Amsterdam av. \\ . L63d, from Edge- comb Road, W. to Amsterdam av. \V. 164th. from Edge comb Road, \\ to Kingsbridge Road W. 165th. from Edge- comb Road, W. to North River. W. 166th. from 2138 Amsterdam av., \\ . to Broadway \\ . li'.Tth, from Edge- cqmb Road, W. to Kingsbridge Road W. 168th, from 2178 Amsterdam av., W. to Broadway W. 169th, from Am- i. i dam av., W. to Broadway W , 17ml.. from comb Rt iad \\ . to Ft. Washington av. W. lTKt. from Am- sterdam av., W. to B'way All streets from W. 171st to W. 190th be- gin at Amsterdam av. and run \\ est to Broadwav W. 201st, f'm 'Harlem River, \Y. to Am- sterdam av. All streets from W. 201st to \\". 210th be- gin at Harlem River and run W. to Am- sterdam av. W. 211th. f'm Harlem River, W. to W. 212th, f'm Harlem River, W . t<. B'way W. 213th, f'm Harlem River, W. to B'way W. 21lth, p m Harlem River, \\ . to B'way W 21.7th, f'm Harlem River, U to B'way V\ 216th, f'm Harlem Rivi i. \\ . to H'way W - 218th, f'm Harlem River, W. to I sham W. 219th, f'm Hai m r, \V. to I sham W ■ 22nth, f'm Harlem River, W. to Sea- man av. White, from 117 W. Broadway, E. to Baxter w l ite's PI., r. 214 W. 18th. Whitehall, from 2 Broadway, S. to East River Willet, fm 482 Grand, N. to E. 1 [ouston William, from 107 Pearl, N.E. to 447 Pearl 6 Beaver 44 Wall 54 fine til I edar 7s Liberty 82 M.nden Lane 106 1-hn 140 Fulton 168 Beekman 180 Spruce mkfort N. William 240 Duane 244 New Chambers Winthrop PL, Creene, bet. Wavcrley PI. and E. 8th W ooster, from 355 Ca- nal. V to W. 4th 30 Crand 54 Broome 92 Spring 128 I'rince 166 W. Houston 1!M Bleccker 234 W. 3d Worth, fm 72 Hud- son, E. to l'k Rw. 26 W. Broadway 62 Church — Broadway 116 Elm 12,1 Centre Vork.Pm 9 St. John's Lane, E. to West Broadway Index. Academy of Music 67 American News 60 American Surety 10, 18 Ames 125 Appellate Court 75 Aquarium 2"] Armour 88 Arnold 54 Arthur 68 Assay Office 50, 132 Assembly 59, 62 Astor House 56 Astor, J. J., 39, 40, 56, 87, 121 Astor Library 135 Astor, Mrs. W. 87 Astor Place Riots 134 Astor, W. 40 Astor, W. B. 40 Astor, W. W. 39 Atlantic Cable 60 Bar Association 82 Barge Office 30 Barnard College 117 Bartholdi 34 Battery Park 26 Bayne 109 Beecher 137 Belmont 88 Beth-El 90 BethesJa Fountain 95 Bible House 134 Bissell 68 BlackwelFs I'd Edge 130 Boroughs 134 Botanical Garden 124 Bowery 134 Bowling Green 36 Bowling Green B. 11,36 Bradford 40 Breese 44 Brevoort 66 Bridges 20, 121, 130 Broad Exchange 14, 5] Broadway Bend 66 Bronx Park 124 Bronx River 124 Brooklyn 136 Brooklyn Bridge 20 Brooklyn Institute 137 Burr 45 Carnegie 90, 134 Cars 140 Castle Garden 28 Castle Williams 26, 31 Cathedral St. John 118 Cathedral St. Patrick Si Central Park — Gates 92 Carriages 92 Fountain 95 Pilgrim 94 Belvedere 95 Mall 92 Statues 93-4-5 Obelisk 95 Reservoir 98 Lakes 98 Menagerie 98 Museums 99-100 Central Bank B. 11 Century Club 80 "Century" 67 Chemical Bank 60 Churches 142 City Hall 59, 60 City Hall, old 46 City Hall Park 59 City Treasury B. 16 Claremont 109 Clark 90 Clearing House 51 Cleveland 74 Coles 120 College Physicians 117 Colonial Dames 125 Columbia Boat House 109, 117 Columbia University 116 Commercial Cable B 12 15. 5i Coney Island 135 Congress, first 46 Conklin 68, 79 Consolidated Exchange 46 Constable B. 11 Cooke 56 Cooper 134 Cooper Union 135 Corrigan 82 Council 59, 62 Court House 62 Cox 134 Criminal Court 62 Croton Aqueduct 121 Croton Water 67, 121 Curb Market 46 Custom House 50, 51, 131 Daughters of the Revo- lution 121 Deadman's Curve 67 Declaration 36, 62 Delmonico's 79, 80 De Long 62 Democratic Club 82 De Peyster 36 Dewey Arch 72 Diana 72 Dix portrait 62 Doelger 109 Earle 121 East River Bridge 24 Edison Bldg. 51 INDEX. Election Night 60 Elevators 12 Elevator, first 79 Eleventh street 66 Ellis Island 26 Emanu-El 80 Emmett 56 Empire Bldg. n Equitable Bldg. 11. 12 Ericsson Statue 30 Erie Canal 62 Evacuation Day 46 "Evening Post"' 56 Farragut 69 Federal Hall 46 F"erries 139 Fifth avenue 77 Fifth Avenue 1 Intel 79 Fireboat 28 Flagstaff in Halt cry 31 Fleischmann's 66 Fort Amsterdam 36 Fort George 122 Foster 109 Franklin 54. 59, 60 Fraunces' Tavern 34 Fulton 45 Gallatin 45 Garibaldi 77 George III. Statue 36 "German Herold" 59 Gerry 87 Gillender Bldg. 14, 46 Glen Island 139 Gould, Geo. 88 Gould, Helen 82, 125, 135 Governor's Island 26, 31 Governor's room 62 Grace Church 65 Grant 62 Grant's Tomb 112 Grant statue 136 Greeley 59 Green 60 Greenwood 133 Guttenberg 60 Hack Fares 145 Hale 63, 121 Halleck 56, 121 Hall Fame 123 Hall Records 62 Hamilton 44 Hamilton Court 117 Hand-shaking alley 62 Harbor Police 30 Harlem Battle 116 Harlem River 120 Harvard Club 82 Havemeyer 88 "Herald" 108 Herald Building 108 Hewitt 134 I [igh Bridge 121 Hispanic Society 135& Holley 77 I I ome Life Bldg. 60 Horace Mann Schoc 117 Hotels 142 Huntington 84 1 hint .Memorial 89 Immigration Depot Isabella Heimath i. James Fountain 67 Jefferson Statue 62 Johnson Bldg. 51 John St. Church 135a Judge Bldg. 78 Judson ( hurch 77 Jumel Mansion 120 Kean 56 Kearney 45 King's College 116 Knowlton 116 Lafayette 28, 67 Lafayette Place 134 1 .awrence 44 Leitch 116 Lenox 89 Lewis 45 Liberty Statue 26, 32, 34 Libraries — Astor 134 . Cooper 134 Lenox 89 Mercantile 134 New York 80 Li I lung Chang 85, 114 Lincoln 62, 67, 114 Lind 28 Little Church Around the Corner 1350 Livingston 45 Lorillard 124 Low 116 McGowan's Pass 93 McKinley 114 Mac Nevin 56 Madison Square 68 Madison Sq. Garden 72 "Mail and Express" 56 Manhattan Life B. 0. 12 Mapes memorial 116 Marshal 50 Martyrs' Monument 44 Matthews 109 Mayor 59 Mayor's room 60 Mechanical Eng'r. 135a Merchants' Assn. 15 Methodist Book Con- cern 78 Metropolitan Club 87 Metropolitan Life II, 68 Metropolitan Mus. Art 100 Millionaires' Club S7 Millii maires' Row 87 Mills Building 46 Mills' Hotel " Mission of Our Lady of the Rosary 32 Morgan, J. P. 51 M' nit-, imery 5 1 "Morning Journal'' ;'i Morningside H'ts 1 [6 Morse, S. F. B. 28 Morton 65 Mt. St. Vincent 93 Murray 79 Murray Hill 79 Museum of Art 100 Narrows 26 Navy Yard 137 Nat. Hist. M useum 99 Netherland 86 per Row 59 New street 46 New York City 132 New York fireboat 28 "X. Y. Gazette" 40 N. Y. Life B. 11. 15 N. Y. University 77 N. Y. Yacht Club 82 Niehaus, C. H. 40 Obelisk 95 Ocean Parkway 137 Oelrichs 84 Ottendorfer 123 Palisades 64 Parkhurst 68, 77 Park Bank 56, 64 Park Row 59 Park Row B. 12, 16, 59 Payne 62, 88 Penn. Terminal 146 Pickhardt House 89 Plassman 59 Piatt to Plaza 86 Plaza Hotel 86 Plymouth Church 137 Poe Cottage 144 Pollock 114 Population 1,34 Porter 114 Postal Bldg. 11. 60 INDEX. Post Office 59 Potter, Bishop 109 Potter's Field 77 Pratt Institute 137 Presbyterian Bldg. 78 "Press" 59 Prince of Wales 54 Printing House Square 59 Produce Exchange 38 Prospect Park 136 Punch bowl 62 Railroads 138 Randall 77 Rapid Transit 129 Rapid Transit Subway 64, 129 Reform Club 79 Register's Office 62 Renwick 82 Reservoirs 98 Rhind, J. M. 40 Revolution 43, 62, 63, 116, 121, 124 Riverside Drive 109 Riverside Park 109 Rockaway 139 Rockefeller 84 Roebling 21 Rogers 68 Routes 145 Sage 134 Sailors' Harbor 77, 137 St. Gaudens 70, 72, 133 St. Mark's 135 St. Nicholas Club 82 St.Patrick's Cathedral 80 St. Paul Building 56 St. Paul's Chapel 54 St. Thomas's 84 Savoy 86 Schermerhorn B. n Seward 68 Sheriff 59 Sherman Statue, frontis. Sherry's 80 Shoe and Leather Bank 60 Skyscrapers 9 Singer Building 14 Sloane 84 Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument 109 Sons of Liberty 64 Sothern 56 Speedway 122 "Staats-Zeitung" 59, 123 Stamp Act 36 Standard Oil 14, 20, 44 Staten Island 137 Steamships 138 Steamship Sizes 135b Stern 88 Stewart 134 Stewart Bldg. 60 Stock Exchange 46 Strawberry Hill 114 Stuyvesant 135 Sub-Treasury 46 Subway 64, 126 Subway Stations 141 Sugar Trust 132 "Sun" 59 Tammany Hall 67 Taylor 65 Teachers' College 117 Temple 42 Theatres 144 Tiffany Chapel 119 Tiffany's 67 Times Bldg. 59, 107 "Times" 59 Tract Society B. 12, 59 Trask 46 "Tribune" 59 Trinity Building 16 Trinity Church 40 Trinity Churchyard 42 Trumbull 62 Tunnels 64, 126, 146 Tweed 62 Twelfth Night Club 82 Twombley 84 Union Club 82 Union League 80 Union Square 67 U. S. Realty B. 16 University Club 84 University Heights 123 Van Arsdale 32 Van Cortlandt Park 125 Vanderbilt, C. 32, 82, 84 Vanderbilt, Geo. 84 Vanderbilt, W. H. 96 Vanderbilt, W. K. 84 Vanderbilt Houses 82, 84, 86 Vincent B. 12 Waldorf-Astoria 79 Wall street 46 Ward 46, 59, 68 Washington 38, 54, 62, 67, 120, 121, 124, 125 Washington Arch 77 Washington Bridge 122 Washington Bldg. 36 Washington elm 56 Washington portrait 62 Washington relics 62 Washington Square 77 Washington statues 46. 67, 109 Watts 43 Webb 84 Webb Academy 123 Webster statue 97 Westfield disaster 30 Whitehall boatmen 30 White 69 Whitney, H. P. 84 Whitney, W. C. 84, 88 Windsor Arcade 82 Windsor Hotel 82 Wolfe, Miss C. L. 65, 68, 104 "World" 59 World Bldg. 58. 133 Worth Monument 70 Yale Club 82 Yerkes 88 Zoological Park 125 T pea Jan JAMAICA Of all the West India islands, Jamaica is the one whose invitation to the holiday maker is the most alluring. The change from the rigor of the northern winter to the warmth and sunshine and pic- turesque scenery of this West In- dian paradise is one of the most delightful experi- ences open to the traveler in the western world. The island is rich in natural at- tractions. There arc m o u n t a i n ranges with peaks rising to an alti- tude of over 7,000 feet, and valleys clothed in dense vegetation a n d meandered by streams of crystal clearness and unfailing supply. The novelty of the scenery in its larger aspects, and the unfamiliar forms of the tropical vegetation, the golden brightness of the sun, the rich glow of color by day, and the softness of the air and its fragrance at night contribute to the pleasure of outdoor life. The diversity of altitudes so characteristic of Jamaica give corres- ponding variations of temperature. From a range of 80 to 86 degrees at the seacoast level, the mercury falls to 45 and 50 degrees in the moun- tains; and in higher altitudes the atmosphere has a dryness which is peculiarly grateful to persons of delicate constitution. Sea bathing is enjoyable the year around. Jamaica waters afford ex- cellent fishing: The island is traversed in every direction by smooth, hard English- made roads, admirably maintained. The Government has appropriated this year three-quarters of a million dollars for the up-keep and building ing (if auto and carriage roads. The excellence of the roads and the picturesque scenery make Jamaica an ideal motoring country. .Machines may readily be taken in by steamship from Xew York; and there are adequate garages and motor supply houses. Automobiles may be had for t"urist use. Jamaica is well supplied with hotels and boarding houses, and every essential fur the tourist's comfort. Detailed information may be had at Mr. Foster's offices. TfoeOTAMMRD To A Good Breakfast >K MR. FOSTER for printed matter. Mr. Foster's office, Flatiron Bldg. Arcade, B'way & 23d !