LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS L^""' MO. l^o ?^ -1 i J 1 ^\M Class _l_ni ^ .1 Book M (^^ Copyright N^ COPYRIGHT DEPOSm LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS BY M. D. ROBERTSON BROADWAY PUBLISHING COMPANY 835 Broadway, New York c ■ Copyright, 191 3 BY M. D. Robertson CONTENTS PAGE George Washington i John Adams 1 1 Thomas Jefferson i8 James Madison 26 James Monroe 32 John Quincy Adams 39 Andrew Jackson 47 Martin Van Buren 54 William H. Harrison 61 John Tyler 68 James K. Polk ']6 Zachary Taylor 83 Lives of Our Presidents GEORGE WASHINGTON On a Virginia plantation. Near her forest dense and wild, Which had a small population, There was bom a little child Whose knowledge, courage and power Thrilled the men of other States, By his great work in the hours That the British yoke was great. This child's dear father departed When he was but ten years old ; But the lad was not down-hearted, For he was both wise and bold. While his dear loved ones were grieving, They would be shielded from harm. Because his father was leaving His mother a house and farm. 'DC LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS At the school that he attended He learned his books very fast, And was quite often commended For his good work in his class. He was very fond of training His schoolmates as soldiers' train, And would spend much time explaining The rules concerning the same. It was Washington's ambition. While he was but a small lad. To some day have a position In the navy, and was glad When some of his friends succeeded In securing him that place. His mother's consent was needed. But was refused in this case. Thus his mother's opposition Kept young George on the dry land. Thereby changing his condition, Making him a soldier grand. After young George ceased attending School, where good seed he had sown. He at once began defending His dear mother and his home. He soon began work surveying And established many lines ; Some of them continued staying Where he placed them a long time. While still young he was appointed To an office to command LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS In his district, for they wanted Protection from savage bands. His father was always trying To impress upon his mind The importance of not lying; It was better at all times To tell the whole truth concerning Anything that he should tell, And untruths he should be spurning, For they would not do as well. The good fruit of this wise teaching Was apparent through his Hfe, For the effects were far-reaching, And helped him in all his strife. And when he began commanding And leading armies of men. For truth he continued standing, And stood firm until the end. His superiors commended His good work and were constrained To assist him, and extended Him an offer to help train Other soldiers and prepare them To resist their common foe. For the red man would not spare them If his ways they did not know. He was afterwards selected By the governor to take A message that was connected With the French, who came to make LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS Forts to secure the possession Of the valleys of the West; England opposed this transgression, And therefore sent a request For this land's evacuation ; Washington carried the news, And gave them this information, But the request was refused. Washington while on this mission Observed the strength of the fort ; And their number and positions Were revealed in his report. The French officers were spurning The orders Washington gave; Therefore he began returning. And was brought close to his grave. A red savage who was guiding Them through this vast unknown wood, Became treacherous, deciding He would kill George if he could. Therefore he soon began firing To kill George as he passed by; He missed George and was retiring, But was captured by those nigh. Travelling through Pennsylvania The rivers possessed no boats ; When they reached the Allegheny- It with ice was all afloat. They at once began work building A raft from the forest trees ; . LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS Although the cold wind was chilling. From their work they did not cease. They started across the river, But the ice soon tore in two Their raft, which left them to shiver With nothing to take them through. They finally reached an island, Where they remained through the night; On the ice they reached the high land The next day, to their delight. After Washington succeeded In reaching his home once more. The governor quickly heeded The report Washington bore. He very soon began sending Men to occupy this land, And to build a fort defending It against the other bands. But the French soon took possession Of the fort and changed its name And continued their transgressions Until they left Fort Duquesne. Washington was now commissioned To help Braddock take this fort ; He accepted the position And came forward to report. But Braddock treated him coldly ; His advice he would not heed, And marched through the forest boldly, While George continued to plead. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS He said ''Red men would waylay them Before they thought they were near ; Many would rise up and slay them From each side and in the rear.'* Although George continued pleading, Braddock did not seem to care, For he went forward, not heeding The advice George gave him there. fThe attack came unexpected. And the soldiers tried in vain To fight as Braddock directed, But a large per cent, were slain. Braddock was among the number That the red men slew that day. And by making this great blunder His troops were driven away. tWhen the British were defeated Washington assumed command. And led them while they retreated, Guiding over that rough land. While he commanded his forces In that masterly retreat. The enemy shot two horses He rode through the battle's heat. While four bullets passed so near him That they pierced his clothing through, He performed deeds that endeared him To the soldiers that he knew. They soon planned an expedition To compel the French to leave. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS And Washington was commissioned The captured fort to retrieve. They lost too much time in making Roads to march in through the woods; For in this way they were taking So much more time than they should. While some of the soldiers wanted To abandon the attack, Washington remained undaunted And did not want to turn back. He had heard the French had weakened, And urged his men to remain. He was striving hard and seeking The captured fort to regain. The French soldiers began firing The fort that was in their hands. And deserted it, desiring To escape the British bands. Washington soon took possession Of the place and rebuilt it; Because of Pitt's wise expressions George renamed the place Fort Pitt. After this fierce battle ended George returned to his old home. And was very much commended When his brave deeds became known. A rich widow he soon married, Who had slaves at her command ; To his farm Washington carried Them to cultivate his land. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS Here he lived in peace, surrounded By his friends and fellow men. Till another war-cry sounded Through the newly settled land. . Old Great Britain had been passing Many unjust laws of late, Which were binding and harassing The people of the new States. Washington was soon selected By Congress to take command Of the army ; he accepted, And his great service began. He in a short time was driving The British from Boston town, For soon after his arriving They for Halifax were bound. Washington continued fighting, Being commander-in-chief. His succsses helped to brighten Freedom's path, which brought relief. At New York he was defeated And was driven from the town ; Through New Jersey he retreated, And while many felt cast down, • George, by his wisdom and daring. Captured Trenton and Princeton, Causing some who were despairing To fight till freedom was won. Washington was still commanding These troops when they reached Yorktown, LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS Where Cornwallis had been landing A large army to crush down The rebellion in that section, And force the State to return To the British king's subjection, Which the patriots had spurned. Washington's army descended To Yorktown and guarded it. While a fleet from France prevented Their escaping in their ships. Washington was now desiring His men to press bravely on. And came forward boldly, firing The first gun at the red throng. As the British were commanded, They quite soon laid down their arms; The patriots were disbanded And went to their homes and farms. Some wise men were now selected To form a new government; When they did the States elected Washington as President. These men framed a Constitution And formed the United States, Which helped much in the solution Of a problem that seemed great. After George had served the nation As its President two terms. He returned to his plantation ; His country's offer he spurned. JO LIVES OR OUR PRESIDENTS For it would have re-elected Him to serve as President. To a third term George objected, And back to the farm he vi^ent. He believed the nation needed An example of this kind, And his advice has been heeded By it till the present time. He believed that one-man power Would destroy the people's rights, Which they fought for many hours And faced death for day and night. He remained until death ended His career upon his field, And has been ofen commended For his action in this deal. He's the father of a nation. Formed within his native land. That has grown in population To become a country grand. And no one has ever risen To dispute with him this claim. For it is the States' decision That he shall retain the same. One example he was leaving That should be practiced by all, All young folks should be receiving And practice before death calls. Was that he was never lying, But spoke the truth every day, LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS ii That all men could be relying On all Washington would say. JOHN ADAMS In seventeen and thirty-six A little child was born Whose name in later years should mix With those that would adorn The pages of our history, Because of the great deeds He did to secure liberty. And the colonies' needs. Born in old Massachusetts State, He continued to dwell Until he grew to man's estate Where he was loved so well. ;When he was just sixteen years old To Harvard school he came, And remained four years in her fold. And by hard work obtained A knowledge which helped him to do So much in after-life, And did so much to bear him through His daily cares and strife. His father was a farmer who Possessed moderate means. But did so much to help John through His early college scenes. 12 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS When his Harvard course was complete He started forth to gain Enough to buy his bread and meat And work his way to fame. A school-teacher he now became, And for a few months he In Worcester's public schools remained. Teaching the young and free. He continued reading at home And finished a law course, But his great wisdom has been shown, For his speeches have force. A meeting was held to oppose The Stamp Act and John came; The resolutions he proposed Were chosen by the same. The Boston Massacre occurred. And John came to defend The accused men, for this thing stirred Hundreds of Boston men. And many of them said that he Had deserted their cause, • And would not fight for liberty, But for Great Britain's laws. They said he had recently sold Himself to freedom's foe ; They thought that for the tyrant's gold To his side John would go. But John said if he could preserve A human being's life, LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 13 Mankind's contempt would never swerve Him in this legal strife. His eloquence was very great, And in the end he won ; The jury employed by the State Released Captain Preston. Some other soldiers were released Whom the people accused, But freedom's cry would never cease, Nor would not be abused. Adams was made a delegate To the Congress, composed Of members sent by all the States, To talk about their woes. One of his friends tried to persuade Him not to take a part In the struggle that would be made And cause a war to start. But John said, should he sink or swim, Or should he live or die, Survive or perish, with a vim England he would defy. In Congress he quickly became A leader, and he shared A great honor, for he helped frame The paper that declared That we were independent States, And worked till he secured Its adoption by his debate ; And his work has endured. 14 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS He was this paper's great support, Thomas Jefferson said ; And his name rings in many courts Where his great works are read. He was appointed to the place Of chief justice; but he DecHned their offer in this case. To serve the whole country. And was sent afterward to France, With Ben Franklin and Lee, And his work did much to advance The cause of liberty. He did much to negotiate Treaties in foreign lands, Which greatly helped the thirteen States To secure their demands. After the victory was won And this country was free. And England had recalled her sons Across the foaming sea. To Great Britain Adams was sent And continued to aid The States he came to represent. And worked on undismayed. This diplomatic work was done; To his home he returned, And was chosen with Washington, And served with him two terms. He was the first Vice-President The new nation had known. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 15 And never failed to represent The people of his home. Elected for a second term, He served for four years more, Although the Republicans spurned Him on the State House floor. He early joined the Federalists And labored for their cause. Accomplishing much to assist Them in framing their laws. After Washington had refused To longer hold the place, The people came forward to choose One who would not debase The office, but would help them build A nation great and grand. And chose a man whose name still thrills Many throughout the land. His opponent ran a good race. But John had one vote more Than Jefferson, who sought the place, Whom many still adore. Adams retained the Cabinet Chosen by Washington ; For those men he quite often met. And his respect they won. A war was being fought in France Which caused trouble to brew; For our people desired a chance To repay France her due. i6 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS But Adams thought we should remain Neutral during the time That the French Revolution reigned Throughout the French confines. As we did not wish to enlist With those beyond the foam, Our minister was soon dismissed And forced to return home. The navy of France then began To prey on our commerce ; Not acceding to our demands, They became quite a curse. An army was raised by Congress, And they called Washington To command it, that those oppressed Might be protected some. War against France was not declared, As many had desired ; Their censure by Adams was shared Before he had retired. In the next race for President Adams met with defeat ; The Federalists, to some extent. Made his failure complete. So many of them were opposed To some of Adams' views That his official acts made foes With those who had been true. He removed to his old home town. With his loved ones to dwell : LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 17 In peace and plenty to abound With friends he loved so well. When on his deathbed he did lie. And his life passed away, It was the fourth day of July — Fifty years to a day Since he, with Jefferson, had signed That document which broke The ties that had been formed to bind Us to the British yoke. Old memories began to stir His mind while death deprived Him of this Hfe; his last words were: "Jefferson still survives." But Jefferson at that time lay Dead in his Southern home. For he had died on the same day, Leaving the States to mourn. The work John did for freedom's cause. And to assist the States In making acceptable laws, Possessed such a great weight That he is loved and honored still By men throughout the land ; And his actions have helped to fill Many pages so grand. May this nation honor his name As long as it may stand, For the work he did to obtain Liberty for this land; i8 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS For he deserves honor and praise Because he helped to gain Freedom for this land in the days That it needed the same. THOMAS JEFFERSON Before this nation became free, In seventeen and forty-three, Dovi^n in the Old Dominion State A child was born v^ho became great. This little child was greatly blest. Because his dear father possessed Some property, and would allow Thomas to often leave the plow And to attend the school near by. Where he would so closely apply Himself to all his books and rules He advanced very fast in school. He was but fourteen years of age When his father passed from life's stage. Leaving eight children and a wife To battle through this world of strife. At college Thomas advanced fast, And studied hard until the last; He learned much of Latin and Greek, While French and Spanish he could speak. When his age was but twenty-four He was admitted to the floor Of the court-room to practice law ; While here some great lawyers he saw. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 19 He practiced law about two years. When he was chosen to appear At the State House, to help men make Laws for the people of his State. When he was twenty-nine years old A widow who possessed some gold And many slaves and much farm land Was wedded to this young statesman. Jefferson was strongly opposed To slavery with its many woes, But by this marriage he acquired Property he had not desired. He believed slavery was a curse To all parts of the universe Where it was practiced, and should be Destroyed and every man set free. He afterward made an attempt To destroy slavery, for he lent His energies for that reform. That every man should be free born. For common schools he also fought, Believing that they should be brought Where all poor children could attend; The poor man's rights he did defend. When England's laws became unjust, And the colonists saw they must Do something if they gained their rights. Although they might be forced to fight, Thomas Jefferson was the man Chosen by that illustrious band 20 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS To write those words that declared we From England's unjust laws were free. The document that he composed, Defying the colonies' foes, Was adopted by every State, And helped in deciding their fate. For this paper was one great cause Of some resisting England's laws; For this resistance many shared When independence was declared. The deeds he performed were so great. Until the people of his State Chose him as governor two years Of the State which he held so dear. When those two years came to an end The people began to extend Thomas an offer to remain In the position he had gained. But the offer they made was spurned, And Thomas to his home returned, Where he remained for a short time With his loved ones and friends so kind. Two years afterward he was sent Back to Congress, to represent His district ; and he helped to frame Some of the laws that still remain. He was sent to France by the States, And his work while in France was great ; For it secured supplies and men, The new nation's cause to defend. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 21 While there he formed an attachment For that nation where he was sent, And it seemed in his later days That this attachment still held sway. Some time after freedom was won And his great work in France was done, He sailed once more across the foam To serve his country at his home. And when George Washington was made President he soon sought the aid Of Jefferson, because he knew What Jefferson's great mind could do. Therefore George asked Thomas to be Secretary of State, which he Accepted, and at once began Work in this place so new and grand. Later Thomas failed to agree With Hamilton ; therefore when he Saw that he had no chance to win He sent his resignation in. Washington's second term expired, And he to Mount Vernon retired. Having persistently refused Another term, they had to choose A man to serve as President ; And Jefferson gave his consent To become the nominee Of the Republican party. While he ran an excellent race, He failed in securing the place ; 22 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS For he was defeated in this By Adams and the FederaHsts. Under the law Thomas became Vice-President, where he remained Through the four years of Adams* term. To be President he still yearned. He was the nominee once more Of the Republicans, who bore Him triumphantly past his foes, Although he was strongly opposed. After the voting was complete Jefferson had not won the seat ; For he and Aaron Burr had tied. In those cases the House decides. After balloting for some time Some of Burr's supporters aligned Themselves with Jefferson, and made Him President by their kind aid. He was now fifty-eight years old, And by hard work had reached the goal He had been seeking for some years. But persevered through doubts and fears. He carried to that honored seat A knowledge as nearly complete As any man's who ever graced That so highly exalted place. And he had done so much to build That great party which helped him kill The Federalist power and gain Control, which they so long retained. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 23 A law was passed during his term Concerning slavery, which confirmed The laws of those States that opposed Slavery and were its constant foes. It did not allow slaves to land In ports where the State laws demand That they shall not be landed there And then to other States repair. Thomas proposed the sinking fund. To reduce the public debt some ; By which so much cash should be paid Each year on debts the States had made. But one of Jefferson's great deeds, Which helped supply the nation's needs. Was consummating the great deal For Louisiana's harvest-fields. Fifteen million dollars were paid Unto the French to close the trade, And cause them to release all claims To this land where they long had reigned. Through this great purchase we obtained Possession of this vast domain, Where millions now have happy homes, And ship much food across the foam. Before his term came to an end. He was nominated again By that party which took the name Of "Democrat" during his reign. His popularity and fame Had increased greatly, so he gained 24 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS A large majority of all The votes cast, and was not recalled. England and France were fighting now. And Congress refused to allow Our merchant ships to sail away And become those two nations' prey. After obtaining many facts He proposed the Embargo Act, Which Congress then passed to secure Protection, which seemed almost sure. This law greatly dissatisfied New England, because she relied On commerce to a great extent For support, and was not content. Congress therefore began to yield To New England, and soon repealed The embargo, and allowed ships To begin making foreign trips. Before Jefferson's term expired Some English battleships had fired On ships from the United States, And the war excitement was great. The whole country became aroused, And many began to espouse Their country's cause, and to oppose The outrages of their old foes. His party began to entreat Jefiferson to retain his seat, But the offer they made was spurned, And to his old home he returned. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 25 He did a great work founding the Virginia University, For the good he accomplished here Had been increasing all these years. As a statesman he had no peer, And did so much that still endears Him to the people of the States, Which his work helped to grow so great. No other man will ever rise To depose him or break the ties That bind him to that mighty band Which he established in this land. The founder of Democracy In the nation he helped make free, His followers adore his name And continue to praise the same. Thomas was always in the fight For man's indisputable rights, And strove to aid that class of men Who with poverty must contend. 26 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS JAMES MADISON Down on an old Virginia farm, Surrounded by its many charms, And by those troubles that alarmed Virginia planters in those days. In seventeen and fifty-one A child was born who worked and won A name with those men who have done Deeds for which they are justly praised. Private tutors taught him at home Before to manhood he had grown. He had but little cause to roam Beyond the confines of his State. When he was just eighteen years old In Princeton College he enrolled, And remained two years in her fold. Which helped in deciding his fate. The knowledge secured from this source Assisted him throughout life's course. And was a factor of great force In everything he tried to do ; But he continued to increase This knowledge, for he did not cease Studying when he was released From the college he had passed through. He seemed to be somewhat inclined To law, which he read for some time. And became able to define Many laws made by other States. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 27 His knowledge of Great Britain's laws Helped him see their defects and flaws. Which was a great aid to the cause Of freedom in legal debates. He was sent to a convention Called by Virginia, where he won Renown by the work that was done ; And some time later he was sent To the Continental Congress, Where he might help them to suggest Plans for relieving the oppressed, For none of the States were content. After independence was won His work made some call Madison "Father of the Constitution" They formed for this nation so grand. The Constitution those men framed, Led by Madison, has remained. With but few changes, just the same As formed by that illustrious band. In Congress James remained eight years, Where he had few if any peers ; And accomplished much that endears Him to the people of the land. When forty-three years of age he Married, and continued to be One of the leading men in the Work of that great law-making band. George Washington offered to make Him his Secretary of State, But James did not wish to forsake His constituents, and remained 28 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS In Congress, and retained his seat For some years, and helped them to meet Questions arising and complete Laws that the country still retains. He opposed a treaty with Spain, Whereby the Spaniards would have gained Control of much Western domain, And of the Mississippi too. He thought our nation should control This land and it should not be sold, And believed our country should hold The river while the nation grew. For he could see the great demand That we would have for all this land. It would let the country expand And cause the new nation to grow. This territory would provide Homes for many beyond the tide Who wished to come here to reside And cease wandering to and fro. The year eighteen hundred and one. When his work in Congress was done, He was chosen by Jefferson As his Secretary of State. He held this office eight long years, And as some thought that war was near. He did much to allay their fears. For his work here was very great. He was elected President When the people were not content, For England had to some extent Caused some of them to want to fight. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 29 She had incited the red men Against some of the settlers then. And caused the Indians to send Out their armies during the night. Tecumseh was the red men's chief, And his savages brought much grief To settlers, who got no relief From soldiers, who were far away; For they would murder them and burn Their property, and then return Home before the soldiers would learn Anything of the red men's fray. But General Harrison came With soldiers to defeat the same, And in a great battle he gained A victory that was complete; For many of Tecumseh's braves Were forced that day into their graves. This caused some of them to behave, And also forced them to retreat. War against England was declared. Although the States were weak compared With Great Britain, they quickly shared Each other's troubles and fought now. Many men came forward to bring Assistance to defeat the king, That freedom's music might still ring And force the British king to bow. This war lasted over two years ; The British soldiers found their peers, For they were driven to the rear, And the young nation's soldiers won. 30 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS Great Britain, ever since that time, Has appeared more friendly and kind, For she saw that she could not bind And hold in bondage freedom's sons. In the following election The States again chose Madison, For they approved what he had done, And they believed that he was right. They believed he was justified In his actions, and they relied On him to save the nation's pride And make her future prospects bright. England, the "mistress of the sea," Possessed a great navy, while we Had but few ships, but did not flee From Great Britain's maritime hosts. We met her on the sea and won Victories with less ships and guns. Because our sailors would not run, But would always stand to their posts. England was thoroughly subdued, And this fight was never renewed ; Nor has England acted so rude As she had been doing before ; For she became fully assured That any action which injured This nation would not be endured ; Neither would it increase her store. At the battle of New Orleans Our backwoods soldiers, rough and green, Appeared with rifles on the scene And drove the British soldiers back. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 31 Here Jackson, with one-fourth the men The British had, defeated them. And this great war was at an end. This was the last British attack. Some of the Congressmen admired The national bank and desired Its recharter when one expired, And this they sought to secure now. But after Congress passed a bill For its recharter it was killed By Madison's veto, who still Opposed the bank and would not bow. But Madison was forced to yield To those who were trying to shield The bank, for their earnest appeals And their having the bill changed some Caused Madison to yield and sign The bill they fought for all this time, For he saw that it was the kind Desired by most of the nation. After his second term expired Madison to his farm retired. Where he was honored and admired By many of his loyal friends. He remained here nineteen years more Before the angel of death bore His spirit to the other shore. And his life's work was at an end. Madison lived eighty-five years, And helped dispel the nation's fears. Accomplishing much that endears Him to the people of the land. Z2 'LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS For he worked hard for freedom's cause, And labored to secure just laws, And in his work he did not pause To accede to England's demands. The state papers that he produced, While some may think they are obtuse. Have been accepted and been used By other statesmen of the land. His papers were written so well That they have rarely been excelled, And many others were compelled To accept the work of this man. JAMES MONROE In seventeen and fifty-eight, Down in the Old Dominion State, A child whose name to-day adorns Pages of history was born. The parents of this child possessed Much property, and he was blest With opportunities to gain The education he obtained. A neighbor of the Washingtons, Monroe did not neglect his son, But permitted him to attend Schools conducted by able men. For Monroe had some large estates Therefore he did not hesitate About sending his son to school, To study many books and rules. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 3^ James had been in college two years When many men rejoiced to hear That independence was declared, And its cause m.any quickly shared. Leaving the college, James enrolled With Washington, to help that bold And fearless soldier in his fight For freedom and the people's rights. The whole country was in despair When Monroe came her cause to share; Washington soon suffered defeat. And from New York had to retreat. Monroe was present when they went Across New Jersey, and he lent His services to Washington, While the British he tried to shun. After that memorable flight \ He took part in the Trenton fight, Where he was wounded, but obtained Promotion, which his good work gained. For after this fight he was made A captain for the part he played In that great fight which helped restore Confidence all along our shores. After the fight at Monmouth James Resigned the place that he had gained, And to his native State returned, But in the fight was still concerned. For when the British soldiers tried To invade his State, he defied 34 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS Them by joining his men once more. To help expel them from our shore. His law instructor, Jefferson, Taught him much law while he was young, But he continued to increase This knowledge while the States had peace. When but twenty-five years of age He was elected to engage With those great lawyers of the West In the Continental Congress. And when that great convention met To frame the laws that we have yet James Monroe was one of the men Who tried the States' rights to defend. The Constitution that they framed Is still practically the same, But it at that time had some foes, And among these was James Monroe. For Monroe did not then believe That all of the States would receive The rights due each separate State, And this thing caused prolonged debate. The Government was organized, And Monroe continued to rise; He was elected by his State To the United States Senate. In seventeen and ninety-four He was dispatched to foreign shores As Minister to France, where he Remained two years beyond the sea. / LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 35 He was recalled about this time, Because he had appeared too kind, And England might take some offense And become very much incensed. After reaching his native land He yielded to his State's demand. And was governor for some time Of Virginia, but soon resigned. For Madison desired to make Monroe Secretary of State ; For he was Madison's old friend. And one on whom he could depend. Therefore he accepted the place, And the nation soon had to face Great Britain in another fight. In order to preserve their rights. He held this place while the war raged, For this country became engaged In the war of eighteen and twelve Where many of her brave men fell. The British troops burned Washington, And after these vile deeds were done The War Secretary resigned. Because those men were so unkind. James Monroe now began to do Work in the War Department too ; For he continued at his post. Regardless of the British host. When the War Secretary shirked Monroe also assumed his work ; 36 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS And held both places for some time, While the British committed crimes. And when the nation was in need Of money, he began to heed Its cries, and pledged his own good name And credit to secure the same. When Madison's last term expired, The people of the States desired Monroe to succeed Madison, Because of the work he had done. Monroe accepted and remained In this place eight years ; for he gained The good-will of nearly all men As one on whom they could depend. John Quincy Adams, who had been A Federalist, was now placed in The Cabinet, and helped James make Peace as Secretary of State. Before the end of James' first term Many of the Federalists turned, Voting for him in the next race ; Therefore Monroe retained his place. In the second race that he run All of the electors but one Voted for Monroe to retain That place of great honor and fame. And since that time no other man Has become President who can Show the majority that James Received approving his good reign. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 37 The reason why one man refused To vote for James, he did not choose For any man, save Washington, To be honored v^ith every one. This time has been called by some men "The era of good feeling," when So many men would not oppose Monroe, who were his party's foes. But questions now began to rise That grew to an enormous size. These questions continued to grow Till they brought all the States much woe. Slavery now began to command The attention of the whole land. The Northern States were its great foes ; In the South it was not opposed. When a new Territory sought Admission as a State, it brought This question up each time to see Whether the State was slave or free. Missouri very soon applied For admission, but was denied For some time ; and this soon gave rise To the Missouri Compromise. Some Seminole Indian bands. Assisted by the Creeks, began Ravaging in the Southern States. Their depredations became great. But Jackson, leading some brave men, Attacked and defeated them. y'' 38 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS And punished them for the base crimes They committed from time to time. Florida was purchased from Spain, And by this deal the nation gained Possession of much fertile land. O'er which her laws would soon expand. Many South American states Revolted, and began to shape Governments and laws of their own For the protection of their homes. The Spanish crown was seeking now To force these new nations to bow. And return to the Spanish fold And be subject to her control. Spain was beginning to persuade Other nations to lend her aid. And compel these states to return. Subject to the laws they now spurned. But Monroe began to contend That these countries should not extend Their power on this hemisphere. And cause trouble in later years. The argument he used is called The Monroe Doctrine, and all The nations, to a large extent. Observe the message Monroe sent. For this country is still opposed To any of its foreign foes Binding the American man. Or ruHng over its broad land. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 39 After Monroe was President, To his Virginia home he went, And became justice of the peace. His official work did not cease. He afterward moved to reside In New York City, where he died, Somewhat oppressed by poverty, For he had labored to be free. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS John Quincy Adams, who became President of this nation And secured great honor and fame On various occasions. Was born about nine years before Those men met for declaring That England should rule us no more ; Showing wisdom and daring. Born in old Massachusetts State While freedom's cries were ringing. It seemed to be decreed by fate That he should begin singmg The songs of freedom, and that he, While young, should begin learnmg Many things about liberty, To which the States were turnmg. John Quincy's father had become One of the country's leaders, ^o LIVES OR OUR PRESIDENTS. And this did much to make the son A great student and reader. As the entire country was filled With great writers and speakers. Their articles and speeches thrilled This youthful knowledge seeker. M^hile he knew this might cause a fight And lead many to prison, In his young soul was burning bright Fires of patriotism. ;When he was eleven years old He sailed across the ocean, Showing that he was very bold, Also his great devotion To his parents and country too ; For his father was striving To secure French aid to subdue All British troops arriving. When only fourteen years of age John Quincy was connected With Francis Dana, then engaged By the States and selected As Minister to Russia, and John was his secretary. And traveled through those foreign lands Where his duties would vary. After traveling for some time Through European nations. He returned to his native clime And changed his occupation. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 41 He entered Harvard and remained Until his course was finished ; Then read law and practiced the same Till he became distinguished. He first began to practice law In Boston, quite unheeded; And for two years he failed to draw The clients that he needed. But afterward his business grew And continued increasing, For many of his clients knew He was able and pleasing. In seventeen and ninety-four George Washington appointed Adams to go to foreign shores. Because this nation wanted A man to represent the States In European nations, And one whose work would have great weight While serving in this station. He remained at The Hague some time; Then to his home returning, The people of his State were kind And began work concerning His future political life, For many were desiring That he should share the nation's strifej For John they were admiring. His friends succeeded very soon In having him elected 42 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS To a seat in the Senate's room, Where he would be connected With many questions of the day That concerned the whole nation, And he would aid them in the fray. Were his friends' expectations. By James Madison he was sent, When war clouds were appearing, To join commissioners at Ghent, For this country was fearing Another conflict with England, And men began to gather To satisfy the States' demands That the war clouds might scatter. When Madison's last term expired And Monroe was elected, John Quincy's work had been admired By Monroe, who selected Him for Secretary of State, Which John Quincy accepted. And the number of years were eight He was therewith connected. Before his last term here expired Adams had begun striving For the position he desired. And did much to enliven The race for the Presidency ; For he sought that position. And asked voters through the country To help him on his mission. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 43 A Federalist for some time, he One time was separated From the members of that party, Because he advocated The second war with Great Britain, Because he had been learning Of injuries our ships sustained Quite often while returning. But as the Federalists opposed His views he was deserted, And so many became his foes The influence exerted By this party became so great That it caused his resigning As Senator from the Bay State, For which they were designing. His party mistreated him so Much by their opposition. Until he joined his former foe ; Accepting their position. He retained his position through Monroe's administration ; During this time he began to Renew friendly relations With the Federalists, who now sought Adams for the position As head of their ticket, which brought Him into opposition With Monroe's party, because he Received the nomination 44 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS From the old Federalist party For ruler of this nation. This race was exceedingly close. When the campaign was finished The candidates stood at their post, For they had not relinquished Their claims, and the House was compelled To decide the election ; And when they had considered well. These men made the selection. John Quincy was the man the House Now chose in their election, But this act did much to arouse Voters in many sections. Some of the men he had opposed Appeared to be combining. And continued to be his foes; His name they were maligning. After he became President He strongly advocated Many internal improvements. Which he so plainly stated. But he was opposed by Congress In much for which he labored. Which failed to grant him his requests For many things he favored. The tariff was quite prominent Through his administration, And was discussed to some extent Throughout the entire nation. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 45 During this time questions and laws Came forth which caused hard feeling Between the North and South,^ because Each side was slow in yielding. And this breach continued to grow Till it finally ended In that great war where grief and woe Throughout this land extended. Adams was now a candidate. Seeking a reelection ; His opposition was so great He lost in many sections, And was at last forced to retreat. Being strongly defeated By Jackson, who secured his seat, While John Quincy retreated. He was elected the next year To Congress, where he never Met very many of his peers In all of his endeavors. For nineteen years he held the place In Congress, where he labored Hard for the people, and would face The House for bills he favored. So many speeches made by him, For bills he advocated, Possessed such eloquence and vim That he was designated By some as "Old Man Eloquent," Which did much to endear him 46 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS To many people where he went, Who liked so well to hear him. He then became a candidate. But failed to be elected, For governor of his home State, And was also rejected By his State later, when he sought A Senator's position. But until death came Adams fought To fulfill his life's mission. In Congress Adams was still found. And for his rights contended Till paralysis struck him down. And his useful life ended. He was stricken on Congress' floor And crossed death's stormy river; But the good fruit his efforts bore Will be forgotten never. For much of the seed he had sown While here continued growing, Until to many it was shown ; Its effects they were knowing. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 51/ ANDREW JACKSON Back in North Carolina State, While England's yoke we bore, A child was born who became great, Whom many still adore. This child was born nine years before The thirteen States declared That they were free ; and, being poor. Many hardships he shared. The father of young Andrew died Before the child was born, Leaving his mother to provide For him through life's rough storms. Therefore he had but little chance To attend any school, And young Jackson did not advance So much in books and rules. While young he had little desire For books to read and learn. And for these things did not aspire, For books he did not yearn. When he was just thirteen years old He and his brother too Came to the army and enrolled To fight her battles through. Taken a prisoner quite soon, He was held for some time, And to many hardships was doomed. For they became unkind. 48 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS After the war came to an end Andrew's brother had died. And he labored hard to defend His mother and provide Her food and raiment, because none Other was left to shield Her, and by him this must be done; To her wants he would yield. To Charleston Jackson soon removed. And very soon began To study law, and quickly proved He was able to stand Examinations for the bar When nineteen years of age; And his name spread both near and far While in this work engaged. Emigrating to Tennessee, He began his career As a lawyer ; in this work he Would seldom meet his peer. When his age was but twenty-nine To Congress he was sent ; Leaving the backwoods courts behind. He came to represent His State in Congress, and contend For his countrymen's rights ; Being competent to defend Them in their legal fights. He was an ardent Democrat ; Jefferson he admired ; LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 49 And while in Congress' halls he sat. To aid them he aspired. Elevated to the Senate, He served there for some time ; And then returned to his home State, Which still treated him kmd. For he was so highly esteemed He was chosen to be An honored judge in the Supreme Court of all Tennessee. When the Creek Indians began Preparing for attacks, Andrew Jackson assumed command To crush or drive them back. Jackson's army was very bold, And searched for the red men ; Marching into the Creeks' stronghold. They soon defeated them. So many of the Creeks were slain By white men in that fight, Their power was broken in twain. To the white men's delight. Soon afterward the British made A bold attempt to land Men at New Orleans, to invade That section with her bands. But Jackson with an army came To help protect the town, And courageously fought to gam The fight, lest they go down. 50 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS The British army now contained About four times the men That Jackson's did, but his men came Their country to defend. They soon drove back the British band. Whose loss was very great. This fight left the Americans Possession of the State. This victory brought Jackson fame Throughout the entire land, And helped him to acquire a name As but few actions can. Some time later the Seminoles Attacked the white men. And Jackson with his soldiers bold Came forward to defend The white men, and they drove away The red warriors' band ; And drove them into Florida, Which then was Spanish land. Regardless of treaties with Spain, He crossed the Spaniards' land. And would not stop until he gained A fight with the red band. Soon afterward this country bought Florida from old Spain ; And President Monroe then sought Andrew Jackson to reign As governor of this new State, Where he served for a while; LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 51 For his commands possessed great weight In this country so wild. Soon afterward Jackson became A Senator once more, Which did much to increase his fame While this title he bore. In the next Presidential race The Democrats who led Some former races met and placed Jackson's name at the head Of their ticket, but in this race Neither candidate gained The votes required by law to place Them in that seat of fame ; For none had a majority Of the votes that were cast. Though Jackson, leading his party, Excelled them at the last. But when the House met to decide, J. Q. Adams they chose, Leaving Jackson on the outside, But the door was not closed. For in the next election he Once more entered the race. And received a majority, Thereby gaining the place. Jackson called to his Cabinet Some very astute men To advise him, when Congress met. And his course to defend. 52 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS This Cabinet failed to agree With Jackson at that time ; And in a short time all were free. For every one resigned. Jackson was thereby forced to call A Cabinet once more, To advise him and help bear all The hardships he now bore. The South began to agitate The tariff question now ; And did not think that all the States Should be compelled to bow To laws that would force them to pay More for the goods they bought ; And one State refused to obey, While its repeal they sought. But Jackson ordered the troops out. All these laws to enforce ; His intention they did not doubt, Or check him in his course. But that great statesman, Henry Clay, Could hardly be kept still ; And helped this trouble to allay With his "Compromise Bill." This pacified to some extent The South, for this reduced The tariff, which so many meant At this time to refuse. Jackson became the candidate Of his party once more LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS S3 For President of all the States, And triumphantly bore Off all the fruits of victory, For in this fight he gained A very large majority. Which helped increase his fame. The nation deposited cash In banks throughout the land, Which brought about an awful crash When Congress made demand That this money should be recalled And given to the States ; This caused some of our banks to fall. While the panic was great. Jackson hesitated to sign The bill that Congress passed. For he did not favor that kind. But he siened it at last. 't>' The crash came as his term expired And fell upon his friend, For he to private life retired. While Martin Van Buren Became the President to bear A large part of the blame For causing the financial cares That on this country came. Jackson was the first President Elected in this land Not refined and intelligent; For Jackson was a man 54 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS Who had been reared in the backwoods And knew few books and rules, For he had few of this world's goods, And seldom went to school. Although strongly opposed by some, He had admiring friends Who helped him till his work was done And life came to an end. He has been styled ''Old Hickory," And is honored to-day By the great Democratic party; Respect to him they pay. The year eighteen and forty-five He left this world below, For death came forward and deprived Him of its pain and woe. MARTIN VAN BUREN In seventeen and eighty-two, After freedom was won And the British had been forced through Our ports and took their guns, A child was born in New York State Who would later become A man who ranked among the great As an illustrious son. The ancestors of this child came From Holland long before ; Landing near the Hudson they gained A|home on that stream's shore. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 55 This child was born at Kinderhook, And while quite small began To study various school books He had at his command. When he was but fourteen years old Martin began to read Law books; preparing to enroll With those who learn to plead. He was admitted to the bar When twenty-one years old. His law knowledge extended far; His character to mold. While his knowledge was not so great He continued to learn, For his patience would let him wait When he became concerned. Therefore he labored to acquire The wisdom he desired; And in this work would seldom tire And was greatly admired. He entered politics while young, And continued to rise. By many his praises were sung, For he was very wise. ^ When he was but thirty years old He was chosen to be A State Senator, where he told His views on liberty. For England had insulted us By holding up our ships ; 56 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS That they might satisfy their lusts, They held them in their grip. Martin began to advocate The war against England, Which would help the United States Secure her just demands. He held this office for some time And continued to show His skill in political lines To both his friend and foe. His work in that office was great Enough that he became Attorney-general for his State, Which helped increase his fame. A politician shrewd and skilled. He continued to climb, Helped by the positions he filled Aiid his work all the time. Being always on the alert For his party's success, He would quite willingly exert Himself in their contests. The year eighteen and twenty-eight Was when Martin became The governor of New York State, Which place his work had gained. In the United States Senate He then secured a seat, Where he became quite intimate With many he would meet. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 57 He then received an appointment To go to old England, And as our minister he went Across to foreign strands. Returning from beyond the foam, He took an active lead In the politics of his home, And his party took heed Of what he did, for when it met To choose its leading men To grace the national ticket, They thought of Van Buren. He was now given second place. With Jackson at the top, And accomplished much in this race His opponents to stop. After finishing this campaign And the results were told. The Democratic party retained Their national control. Andrew Jackson still held his seat. And Van Buren was made Vice-President, which helped defeat Plans his opponents laid. With Jackson's last term near an end. Van Buren still retained The confidence of Jackson's friends. Which helped him much to gain The nomination to succeed Jackson as President, S8 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS For nearly all of Jackson's creed Helped him to some extent. In this election Martin won And held the place one term; Succeeding that illustrious son In whom he was concerned. Van Buren now declared he would Follow in Jackson's steps; His doctrine Martin thought so good He held to its precepts In choosing officers to aid Him and advise him too ; As Cabinet members he made But one change, for his views And Jackson's were so near the same On questions of the past, That his Cabinet was retained ; All except Lewis Cass. Richard M. Johnson had become One of the candidates For Vice-President, and he won His seat through the Senate. He needed but one vote to make Him a majority; His Senate friends would not forsake Johnson or their party. Therefore Johnson was chosen by The Senate, and became Vice-President to help defy The Whigs, who sought to reign. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 59 Soon after Martin took his seat A great panic began ; Many were unable to meet All contracts and demands. This panic continued to spread Throughout the entire land, Till many of the banks were led To change their former plans. Nearly all of the banks refused To let their specie go, And this caused many men to lose Their cash and brought them woe. Some claimed the war Jackson had waged Against the bank had caused This panic, for he was engaged In changing banking laws. But others said that it was due To the Tariff's repeal. For many factories that grew Under that law must yield. An extra session of Congress Was called by Van Buren, That they might relieve the distressed And aid their countrymen. The system that he now proposed Was finally secured; With but few changes by its foes. That system has endured. The slave question was prominent, But the Gag Law was passed. 6o LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS For many of the members meant To hold it in their grasp. Martin was selected once more To lead his party's band To victory, and help restore Confidence through the land. In this campaign he was opposed By General Harrison, For the Whigs were his constant foes And fought until they won. Van Buren carried seven States ; The Whigs carried nineteen. Which elected their candidates As many had foreseen. When Martin left the White House floor He returned to his home. And lived over twenty years more With friends he long had known. Eighteen hundred and forty-eight Martin once more became A Presidential candidate, And once more lost the same. He opposed slavery to the last. Which helped the Whigs to win, For many Democrats now cast Their votes to put them in. When he became eighty years old He yielded to death's call. And Van Buren's immortal soul Forsook its earthly walls. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENT: 6i WILLIAM H. HARRISON Three years before Congress met And declared that we were free, And were taking proper steps To secure our liberty, William Henry Harrison First observed the light of day. And before freedom was won Had grown large enough to play. Born in old Virginia State, William's father then possessed An influence of great weight With many who were oppressed; For at William's birth he held The governor's position, And the friends which he knew well Included George Washington. And he took an active part In resisting England's laws. For his influence helped start The great fight for freedom's cause. WiMiam's father then sat in The Continental Congress, Which accomplished much to bring Liberty to the oppressed. He was one of those who signed That great paper that declares England's laws shall cease to bind Us, and freedom we will share. 62 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS As William's father had gained High positions and wealth too. The son while quite young obtained The book learning he was due. While still young William was bold And enlisted to help gain Freedom when nineteen years old, And served with General Wayne. Wayne's army was then employed To drive back the Indians Who had recently destroyed Many homes and some white bands. Some time later Harrison Was appointed to command A fort, then called Washington, Where Cincinnati now stands. Soon afterwards he became Secretary for that great Territory that contains Several of our Northern States. He held this office three years, And was then a delegate To Congress, and served while here With members who became great. In eighteen hundred and one Was the time when he became Governor of that portion Of the national domain That embraces Michigan, Illinois and Wisconsin, LIVES, OF OUR PRESIDENTS 63 Also Indiana's land Were the States contained therein. Many roving savage bands Were making these States their homes, And would strike at the white man When his presence became known. Tecumseh, the red men's chief. Endeavored to organize The Indians, to bring grief On the white men by surprise. He had organized a clan That they might resist the whites And regain all of this land If they should win in the fight. He led forward the red men To drive the white settlers back. Harrison came to defend The whites against their attacks. Eighteen and fourteen was when They met at Tippecanoe, Harrison leading his men And Tecumseh led his too. The red men met with defeat In the Tippecanoe fight, And were compelled to retreat, To the white settlers' delight. Harrison's men routed them, Killing many of their braves, Thereby shielding the white men, For their lives and homes were saved. 64 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS The war of eighteen and twelve Against England had begun, And the British knew quite well That if they could persaude some Of the Indians to aid Them by destroying the homes That the white settlers had made, They would not fight them alone. They soon began to incite Tecumseh and his red band To rise up against the whites, Just after the war began. For some time this conflict raged. These Indians did much harm To many who were engaged In attending to their farms. The British army came down From Canada to regain The territory around The great lakes, and hold the same. Detroit was in their course, And Hull quickly surrendered The town, with his entire force. Before a battle occurred. Harrison came to command The northwestern army then ; To drive back the British bands And the settlers to defend. Some battleships had been placed By the British on the lakes, LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 6$ Which would help them in this case The whole country to retake. But Perry now built a fleet On Lake Erie, and set sail Out upon the lake to meet Those ships, for he would not quail. In the battle Perry gained ; Thereby regaining control Of Lake Erie, which brought fame To Perry for being bold. After this Harrison came Forward with his force to meet The British troops and regain The town lost by Hull's defeat. He drove the enemy back Into Canada, where he Very soon made an attack And gained a great victory. Near the river Thames they fought A great battle, which they won. For Harrison's army brought Defeat to the British sons. The fight gained by that small band Helped the nation to regam Control of much fertile land ^ In that vast Western domam. This victory helped increase General Harrison's fame, For it did much to release Many from the British reign. 6S LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS During this battle they slew Tecumseh, the red men's chief, Which did so much to subdue The red men and brought relief To many who were exposed To the roving savage bands, Who had been the dreaded foes Of the people of this land. Harrison soon returned home. When the war came to an end. And the courage he had shown Did a great deal to commend Him unto the voting class, For they heard of the brave deeds He had performed in the past, And were not slow to take heed. After Harrison returned Home from the British conflict, He became somewhat concerned In the nation's politics. Living in Ohio State, Some time later he was sent To the national Senate, But he was not yet content. He continued to aspire To the President's high seat. And was seeking his desire. But at first met with defeat. In eighteen and thirty-six He was the Whigs' candidate, LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 67 But lost in that great conflict To Van Buren, who of late Had the good will of Jackson, Whose influence helped defeat The Whigs, led by Harrison, But he did not yet retreat. For he entered the next race, Which Van Buren entered too. And Harrison gainel the place That his friends thought was his due. William was the oldest man That had become President, And was unable to stand The work to a great extent. Just after he took the chair^ He began growing quite ill, And was unable to bear The strain of the place he filled. In one month after the day Of his inauguration, President Harrison lay A corpse, and his work was done. His education was great. And in experience he Had acquired one of great weight While fighting for liberty. Thus the nation was compelled To part with a ruler then Who could have served it quite well. With the wise, experienced men. 68 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS JOHN TYLER Just after freedom had been gained And Washington began to reign, Down in the Old Dominion State Tyler was born about that date. His father at this time possessed Much property, and John was blest With a chance for attending school, And learning many books and rules. His father had also attained Positions of honor and fame, And his name had become well known Beyond the confines of his home. In legal knowledge he excelled So many others that he held A Virginia Supreme Court seat; His peer he would not often meet. He also continued to rise Among the State's famous and wise, Till he reached the governor's chair, And for three years he remained there. He was quite willing to bestow On John the things young men should know; Therefore when John was twelve years old He was placed in the college fold. He remained in college five years, But he did not possess those fears Which many have who fight to gain The great knowledge that they obtain; LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 69 For his parents would always pay His college bills from day to day, That he might be able to go Forward with neither pain nor woe. His age was only seventeen When he parted with college scenes. For he had graduated then In classes with some older men. But Tyler did not long remain ^ Idle, with the knowledge he gamed, Which he continued to increase. For his studying did not cease. He began studying law now, To practice which he soon learned how, For when but nineteen years of age, In its practice he was engaged. He began meeting with success. And in a short time was possessed Of many friends around his home And everywhere that he was known. He joined the Democratic party. And while quite young began to be One of its leaders in his State, And took part in many debates. His age was only twenty-one When his official life begun ; For at this age Tyler was sent To the State House to represent His town in the Legislature, That he might labor to secure. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS Some laws that his district desired Passed before this session expired. His work while here appeared to please His supporters, who did not cease To lend to him a helping hand, And keep him in that legal band. To that office he was returned. And held it five successive terms. Where he labored continually For the welfare of his party. He upheld most of the work done By Jefferson and Madison; Their measures he would advocate Throughout his portion of the State. When his age was just twenty-six He had risen in politics To such a height that he was sent By his kind friends to represent Them in the national Congress, To help them secure their requests, And assist them in the great fight That they were making for their rights. The National Bank he opposed, And was also one of the foes Of the internal improvements Which he opposed to some extent. Against the tariff he would fight, And also believed in States' Rights, And thought that the State should retain Some of the rights that Congress gained. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 71 But afterwards, when he became Governor, he fought to obtain Internal improvements at home, And his State's gratitude was shown; For he was elected once more To the chair on the State House floor As governor of his great State, For the work he had done was great. J. Q. Adams was President When the State of Virginia sent Tyler to be its Senator On the nation's Capitol floor. John Randolph, who had lately been Their Senator, was disliked then By many, who now voted for John Tyler for their Senator. During this administration He fought against much that was done. And opposed slavery restriction, But favored nullification. When Andrew Jackson took his seat John Tyler still would not retreat. But battled bravely to defend His views against the other men. He was the only Senator Who refused to cast his vote for A bill that was called the Force Bill. Here Tyler showed his iron will. He would very often refuse To change from any of his views, 72 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS Which caused him to become opposed By friends, who now became his foes. He was sent as a delegate, And intended to nominate A President for this nation In the national convention. The South was seeking Henry Clay For their standard bearer those days, But in this case the place was won By WiUiam Henry Harrison. That the South's vote might be secured And the Whigs' success be assured. One of that party's delegates Proceeded now to nominate John Tyler for the second place, That he might help them win the race ; For his influence in those States At this time was becoming great. Although he was somewhat opposed To the Whigs, they were not his foes; Because they were seeking his aid. And some sacrifices were made. But John made sacrifices too, That this party might help him through; And their assistance helped him gain That place of great honor and fame. The Whigs knew that he would not hold But little power or control Of Congress or of its affairs While in the Vice-President's chair. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 73 Therefore they sought him to obtain His assistance, and thereby gained Enough votes in this election That the Presidency was won. But they had elected a man Who opposed many of their plans, For while Tyler in Congress sat, He had been called a Democrat. Just one short month after he went To become the Vice-President, President Harrison became A corpse, which ended his short reign. Tyler thereby secured a seat As President, and had to meet Many bills that the Whigs soon passed. For they passed them through Congress fast. The Bank of the United States They sought to recharter of late. And passed a bill to that effect, Which Tyler came forth to reject. A second bill was then prepared, But in a short time this bill shared The same fate the first bill received, Which caused some of the Whigs to grieve. A third bill was then introduced, But it was never passed or used, And this breach continued to grow Till Tyler became the Whigs' foe. By the Whig party he was spurned, And to the Democrats returned; 74 LIVES OF, OUR PRESIDENTS While those who had once been his friends. Fought him bitterly to the end. His Cabinet members resigned Their positions in a short time, For they did not desire to hold A place out of their party's fold. Webster decided to remain In the position he had gained, But the Whigs began to entreat Him to also give up his seat. While he had taken a firm stand. He acceded to their demand, And left an office of great fame To help uphold his party's name. Webster had remained in that place To settle a boundary case Involving New Hampshire and Maine, For he helped them decide the same. The republic of Texas won Her freedom, and had now begun Seeking admission as a State, But her opposition was great. The Northern States did not desire The United States to acquire Any new State that would increase Slavery, which they declared should cease. As they were slavery's strongest foes, They were naturally opposed To Texas ever being made A State to give the slave States aid. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 75 The Democrats were fighting some For this new State's annexation, And passed a bill that Tyler signed, But the Senate killed it that time. This great desire for Texas grew Till it was the party issue, And caused Tyler to be refused When the convention met to choose The men to be their candidates For President of all the States, For James K. Polk and Henry Clay Defeated him in that afifray. Tyler, at the end of his term. To private life once more returned. Where he could dwell in peace alone Within the confines of his home. When the great rebellion began, Tyler, being a Southern man, Would not aid the United States, But soon joined the Confederates. The State of Virginia now sent Him to Congress, to represent Her in the new-formed government. Which helped them to a great extent. In a very short time he died, Disappointing those who relied On the great knowledge he conveyed To Congress while he was their aid. In Richmond he was laid away To sleep until the Judgment Day, While many on the battle-field Were dying before they would yield. • 76 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS JAMES K. POLK In seventeen and ninety-five A child was born who became great ; Whose work helped his party to thrive Throughout the whole United States. His ancestors had lately come Across the sea from Ireland, But James was a native-born son And a full-blood American. For in North Carolina he Was born, but immigrated to The new country of Tennessee, And dwelt there while that new State grew. For some time he attended school, Until he. graduated there. Learning some of their books and rules And preparing himself to bear The crosses of a future life, When he must provide for his home, And fight against the cares and strife That in this world are often shown. He began studying law then, And was admitted to the bar, Where his work among legal men Soon made him known both near and far. When only twenty-three years old He was chosen to represent. In the State Legislature's fold. His town, but was not yet content. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 77 He continued to become known By people in the other towns ; Beyond the confines of his home Many true friends were quickly found. The reputation which he won While in this work he was engaged, Caused many to assist him some, And when but thirty years of age, He was sent forth to Washington, Having been chosen to Congress, The work he had already done Helped him in winning this success. His work while here appeared to please The most of his constituents, For many of them did not cease To aid him to a great extent. They voted for him to remain In this position seven terms. Which he continued to retain. For he was very much concerned In the politics of the land, And sought to lend his party aid, By helping the Democratic band In all the campaigns that he made. He was one of the leading men In many national affairs ; Being quite willing to contend For his party and help it bear ts burden in its great campaign, And in its political fights 78 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS, That it was making to retain Its powers and secure its rights. The Whigs he would strongly oppose. And while Jackson was President, Polk helped him fight against his foes, And to him he quite often lent His assistance to help him gain Some of the things Jackson desired, And his work did much to sustain The measures which Jackson admired. His work did so much to arouse His colleagues until they arose And made him Speaker of the House, To help them battle with their foes. James remained in the position As Speaker of the House four years, And the Democratic party won Its races, but it had great fears. His seat in Congress he declined And returned into Tennessee, Where he resided at that time, For he was desiring to be The governor of his home State, And quite soon entered in the race, Which he won at an early date; Securing that important place. He ran for that office once more, But in the second race he failed. And lost the place he won before, , But he did not retreat nor quail, LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 79 For he remained in politics, And in eighteen and forty-four He came forward again to mix With those whom the people adore. He soon became so prominent, The Democratic convention Contained some delegates who lent Polk their assistance and he won. These friends made him the nominee For President of all the States; Supported by that grand party, Whose record proved that it was great. The Whig convention also met To nominate their leading man, And at this time did not forget One of the great men of the land, For they selected Henry Clay To be James K. Polk's opponent, And were expecting in this way To make their leader President. The State of Texas had applied To be admitted as a State, But her request the Whigs denied, And this question caused some debates. For Texas at this time possessed Some slaves, and would thereby increa'^e The slaves, and many Whigs thought best That slavery should forever cease. Therefore the great cry of the day In th^t memorable campaign 8o LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS Became, "Polk and Texas or Clay And no Texas" for our domain. When this campaign came to an end, The Great Pacificator lost, But he continued to contend For his views, regardless of cost. Thus Polk gained the President's seat At a very important time, When he would be called on to meet Questions of a serious kind. For Texas had just been annexed, And this brought many people woe; Because it had such bad effects On the nation of Mexico. Polk exercised great precaution In selecting the Cabinet, And from the country's native sons Chose some of the best he could get. As Texas had made a request To be admitted as a State, Polk sent a message to Congress Helping her through the Union's gates. Though Texas had recently gained Her independence in a fight, The Mexican Government claimed That Texas did not have a right To join the Union, and declared That they would fight to hold this land, Therefore our Government prepared To expel the Mexican band. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 8i Our soldiers met the Mexicans And never failed to drive them back; Defeating them on every hand, For our men v^on every attack. In a short time they had marched through To the City of Mexico, Which helped them to quickly subdue The nation that had been their foe. Mexico viras ready for peace, For they knew our soldiers had won, Which caused the war to quickly cease, Though many cruel deeds were done. Besides Texas our country gained Some of our present Western States, Which greatly increased our domain. With some resource very great. For California, which contains So many of those rich gold mines, Had been included in the same,_ And was developed in due time. Some other States which helped increase The mineral wealth of our land Were secured, and have never ceased Bringing wealth into many hands. Our country had been disputing With Great Britain about the line Which should be used for dividing Their possessions about that time. President Polk declared that he F^ypr^d the line that should be placed 82 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS At fifty-four-forty degrees, And was striving to win the case. The British Government proposed The Hne of forty-nine degrees, And Polk soon yielded to his foes. For he wanted Great Britain pleased. Some of the parties declared for Line fifty-four- forty or fight ; Thinking Great Britain would abhor Them, and not grant them all their rights. The Democrats yielded, for fear That Canada would be secured, And the abolitionists here Would make abolition assured. The Union continued to grow. For Texas was admitted now. And other States came forth to show They wished to take the Union vows. For Wisconsin and Iowa Were admitted during Polk's term. And many people in those days In this nation's growth were concerned. New States increased to some extent The slave or non-slave holding States ; Therefore many were not content. For it might decide slavery's fate. Polk did not seek another term. And when the four years had expired To Nashville, Tennessee, returned. And from official life retired. LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 83 No other office did he seek, But went back into private life, And Hved only a few short weeks, After leaving those cares and strife. In a short time he passed away, And left those statesmen to centend With the great questions of the day That were before the people then. While he cannot be ranked among The greatest statesmen of the land. His praises are quite often sung, Because some of his deeds were grand. For he did so much to secure The territory of the West, That his name will always endure And will be honored with the rest. ZACHARY TAYLOR One year after Washington Captured Cornwallis and won Our freedom, a child was born Whose name will ever adorn History's pages so fair; He will continue to share The praises that he is due. For he acted brave and true. Zachary's father had been ^ One of the brave colonels in The great fight for liberty, And fought this country to free. 84 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS After they conquered their foes And the war for freedom closed, Colonel Taylor traveled West ; Seeking land that he liked best. In Kentucky he arrived, And straightway began to strive To build for himself a home. But did not remain alone, For other immigrants came To settle this vast domain, Which was then a wilderness, But with many things was blest. Out here was much fertile land, Which was sought by the white man ; Its forests also contained Very much of the wild game. A large tract of land was bought By the Colonel, when he brought His loved ones out to this place Its many hardships to face. He became quite prominent, Helping to a great extent To build up a State out there. And took part in its affairs. Some State offices he gained. And assisted them to frame The new State's constitution, While he was rearing his son. Zachary could now attend But few schools, and must depend LIl^ES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 85 On other things to obtain His food or to make a name. For in this wild Western home High schools were almost unknown ; Those who were trying to learn Had become deeply concerned. Entering the army's fold When but twenty-four years old, Zachary rose step by step By his superior's help. He rose until he became Major-general, and gained A position in the field To force the red men to yield. As the Seminoles now sought The white settlers, whom they fought, Many of the whites were killed. And many with fear were filled. But Taylor made an attack And drove the Seminoles back, Defeating the brave red men. And brought the war to an end. After driving back his foes, And the Seminole war closed, Taylor was chosen to go And fight against Mexico. Into Texas he was sent, Where he quite willingly went, To drive back the Mexicans, And keep back the Indians, 86 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS. For Texas had lately won Her liberty, and had come Into the Union, to be A State protected and free. But when Texas was annexed The Mexicans became vexed, And thought Texas should remain Under Santa Anna's reign. Taylor came forth to protect The new State and to direct His army in any fight It might make for Texas' rights. Taylor's men shouldered their guns. And in every fight they won, Driving back the Mexicans Ofif of the disputed land. At Buena Vista they So completely won the day That the Mexicans returned And seemed somewhat unconcerned. Taylor's army had to hold The land then in their control Until the great war should cease And the nation's declare peace. Winfield Scott's army was sent Into Mexico, and went Through much of old Mexico, Always driving back their foe. To the capital they came, And quickly captured the same^ LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS 87 Which brought the war to a close. Ending many of its woes. Texas' freedom was assured, And much land had been secured, Which caused our country to grow, But reduced old Mexico. This was what many desired. Taylor was greatly admired, For his work did much to gain Control of that vast domain. He was very highly praised For the work done in those days. And became quite popular Through the States, both near and far. His popularity grew Till many thought he was due An office in Washington As ruler of the nation. While some men tried to retard His promotion, some worked hard To assist him in the race. And to help him win the place. Called an ignorant frontier Colonel by Daniel Webster, This served to express the views Of some men whom Taylor knew. Being somewhat unrefined, They thought he was not the kmd Of a man they should select To an office to direct 88 LIVES OF OUR PRESIDENTS Much of this nation's affairs, For they thought he could not care For the duties of the place And for the work he must face. But he had won a great name, Which greatly increased his fame; When the Whig convention met, Taylor they did not forget. While great men like Webster worked Against him, some did not shirk. But kept pressing Taylor's claims. Until finally he gained. Although he was growing old, His admirers at the polls Worked earnestly to defend Taylor's claims until the end. He labored through the campaign. Which served to increase his fame. When they held the election, Taylor triumphantly won. Taylor's age was sixty-five When he came forward to strive As this entire nation's chief, And his reign was very brief. Soon after he took his seat He was called upon to meet Many questions of the day. To be met without delay. THE END 12 1^13 -J. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ii' "ifi|i|||i|Pi| 011 414 338 8 iiiiiaiispa ■■■■'■■'■■ ■=•';•>--■•-• H-'i§^^^^in^