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 Publication No. 7 
 
 SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 
 
 ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS 
 1904 to 1910 
 
 SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 
 WASHINGTON. D. C, 
 
Publication No. 7 
 
 SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 
 
 \\ 
 
 ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS 
 1904 to 1910 
 
 SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 
 
 WASHINGTON. D. C. 
 
 1911 
 
■ ^\0 
 
 THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 
 
 Robert C. Ogden 
 President 
 
 George Foster Peabody 
 Vice-President and Treasurer 
 
 WiCKUFFE Rose 
 Executive Secretary 
 
 Edwin A. Alderman 
 Sidney J. Bowie 
 Wallace Buttrick 
 P. P. Claxton 
 Frank R. Chambers 
 Charles W. Dabney 
 Albert Shaw 
 J. H. Dillard 
 Edgar Gardner Murphy 
 
 Henry E. Fries 
 Hollis B. Frissell 
 Hugh H. Hanna 
 David F. Houston 
 S. C. Mitchell 
 Walter H. Page 
 J. H. Kirkland 
 John M. Glenn 
 George S. Dickerman 
 
 
 Gift 
 
 DEC 2 1928 
 

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 INTRODUCTORY NOTE 
 
 In the very brief statement here offered an attempt has been 
 made to exhibit in definite, tangible form some of the results 
 of the educational campaigns which have been conducted in 
 the Southern States during the last six years, and to which the 
 Southern Education Board has contributed funds. The re- 
 sults here exhibited did not all spring directly and solely from 
 these contributions ; but an effort has been made to exclude 
 every result which these contributions have not shared in ef- 
 fecting. It should be said, furthermore, that the largest, the 
 most important result of these campaigns and of the contribu- 
 tions that have made them possible is an aroused and enlight- 
 ened public sentiment in the interest of better educational op- 
 portunities for all the people. This result resists every effort 
 at tabulation or tangible exhibit ; but it is none the less real ; 
 it is organic, all pervading, and will continue for years to come 
 to express itself in better laws, more adequate funds, more 
 effective educational organization and activities. The state- 
 ment here offered as an exhibit of returns on the Board's 
 educational investment is very conservative. 
 
 Wickliffu Rose, 
 
 Executive Secretary. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2010 with funding from 
 The Library of Congress 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/activitiesresultOOsout 
 
ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-I9IO 
 
 Alabama 
 
 1. Educational campaigns: 
 
 a. Conducted from 1905 to 19 10. 
 
 b. Contributed by Southern Education 
 
 Board $8,495 • 22 
 
 2. Purposes of educational campaigns : 
 
 a. School improvement. 
 
 b. To secure levy of 1 mill county tax. 
 
 c. To secure State aid to communities for 
 
 building and repairing local school- 
 houses. 
 
 3. Results of educational campaigns : 
 
 a. Raised by school improvement associa- 
 
 tions during 5 years (estimated) .... 100,000.00 
 
 b. 43 of 67 counties of the State levy 1 
 
 mill school tax. 
 
 c. Raised from this source 3,434,371 . 50 
 
 d. Law allowing State aid to communities 
 
 for building and repairing rural 
 school-houses, effective since March. 
 1907. 
 
 e. Total number of houses repaired and 
 
 built since passage of bill 1,041 . 
 
 /. Expended for this purpose 500,000.00 
 
 Total amount raised as result of 
 
 campaigns for period $4,034,371 . 50 
 
THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION HOARD 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 i . Educational campaigns : 
 
 a. Conducted from 1908 to 1910. 
 
 b. Contributed by Southern Education Board 
 
 to May, 191 1, for school improvement 
 
 and campaign $4,721 . 45 
 
 For Arkansas Education Commission 4.083 . 32 
 
 Total $8,804.77 
 
 2. Purposes of educational campaigns : 
 
 a. To create sentiment and organize school 
 
 improvement leagues for the improve- 
 ment of public schools. 
 
 b. To increase school revenues. 
 
 c. To create sentiment for practical education. 
 
 d. To secure the enactment of measures rec- 
 
 ommended by the education commission. 
 
 3. Results of educational campaigns : 
 
 a. In general : 
 
 (a) 12,000 patrons organized into school 
 
 improvement leagues. 
 
 (b) Equipment and sanitary condition of 
 
 schools greatly improved. 
 
 b. In legislation : 
 
 (a) Compulsory attendance laws enacted 
 
 for about half the counties in the 
 State (1909). 
 
 (b) Four district agricultural schools es- 
 
 tablished (1909). 
 
 *(c) Law creating State Board of Educa- 
 tion and giving it large administra- 
 tive powers (191 1 ). 
 
 *(rf) Law authorizing consolidation of 
 weak schools and transportation of 
 pupils (1911). 
 
 *These measures were recommended by the Arkansas Education 
 Commission. 
 
ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I9O4-I9IO 
 
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THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 
 
 Florida 
 
 i. Educational campaigns: 
 
 a. Conducted from October I, 1909, to Feb- 
 
 ruary 16, 1910. 
 
 b. Expended for campaign purposes $2,600.00 
 
 2. Purposes of educational campaign : 
 
 a. Local taxation. 
 
 b. School improvement. 
 
 3. Results of campaign : 
 
 a. Number of counties assessing maximum 
 
 constitutional levy of 7 mills increased 
 from 19 to 47. 
 
 b. Fund derived from increased levy 425,000.00 
 
 c. Fund raised for high school buildings .... 280,000 . 00 
 
 d. 150 school improvement associations or- 
 
 ganized. Amount raised by 40 of these 24,000.00 
 
 Total amount raised as result of cam- 
 paign $729,000.00 
 
ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-I9IO 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Educational campaigns: 
 
 a. Conducted from 1904 to 19 10. 
 
 b. Contributed by the Southern Education 
 
 Board $17,500.00 
 
 Purposes of educational campaigns : 
 
 a. For local tax amendments to constitution. 
 
 b. Raise funds to locate and erect buildings 
 
 for 11 district agricultural schools. 
 
 c. Constitution recognizing high schools and 
 
 permitting counties and districts to main- 
 tain high school grades. 
 
 d. More liberal legislation, local taxation and 
 
 general school improvement. 
 Results of educational campaigns : 
 a. In legislation: 
 
 (a) Constitutional amendment permitting 
 
 county or school district to vote a 
 local tax. Adopted 1904.* 
 
 (b) More liberal local tax law adopted 
 
 1905. 
 
 (-C-) 11 district agricultural schools estab- 
 lished 1907. 
 
 (d) Constitutional amendment permitting 
 State aid to rural high schools 1910. 
 
 *Before this no county or district had voted a tax for schools. Twenty- 
 four counties, 422 tax districts, and numerous towns are now operating 
 under this amendment. 
 
IO 
 
 THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 
 
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ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-I9IO II 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Educational campaigns : 
 
 a. Two campaigns conducted 1908- 1909. 
 
 b. Contributed by Southern Education 
 
 Board $5,000.00 
 
 Purposes of educational campaigns: 
 
 a. Campaign of 1908 was conducted in 
 
 support of the county system of school 
 administration which had gone into 
 effect March of that year, the pur- 
 pose being to forestall opposition and 
 thereby prevent repeal of the law. 
 
 b. To secure the establishing of county 
 
 high schools which had just been pro- 
 vided for by State law. 
 
 c. Main purpose of the campaign was to 
 
 secure increase of revenues by local 
 taxation which had been authorized 
 by recent enactment. 
 Results of the two campaigns : 
 
 a. County system of school administration 
 
 reinforced. 
 
 b. The establishing of county high schools 
 
 increased. 
 
 c. Increase in revenues : 
 
 (a) All local taxes raised in 1909. . . . $532,521 .00 
 
 (b) All local taxes raised in 1910. . . . 750,000.00 
 
 Total amount raised as result of 
 
 campaign for two years $1,282,521 .00 
 
12 
 
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ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-I9IO 13 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 1 . Educational campaigns : 
 
 a. Conducted from 1905 to 1910. 
 
 b. Amount contributed by Southern Educa- 
 
 tion Board.. $6,250.00 
 
 2. Purposes of educational campaigns : 
 
 a. To increase local taxation. 
 
 b. School improvement. 
 
 3. Results of campaigns : 
 
 a. "Educational sentiment, the value of 
 
 which cannot be estimated in dollars 
 and cents." 
 
 b. Amount derived from local 
 
 county levy, 1909 $287,272 . 1 1 
 
 c. Amount estimated from 
 
 same source, 1910 340,000.00 
 
 d. Total for two years 627,272. n* 
 
 e. Raised by local associations for school 
 
 improvement from September 1, 1909, 
 
 to November 9, 1910 75,000.00 
 
 /. Money donated in prizes 200.00 
 
 g. Contribution by Mr. Thomas 700.00 
 
 h. Estimated labor donated 15,000.00 
 
 i. Total amount for school improvement . . . 90,000 . 00 
 
 Total raised as result of campaign 
 
 for two years $717,272. 11 
 
 ""'Before any money was appropriated for local tax campaign work in 
 this State, no money was raised for school purposes by local taxation, 
 except in the towns and cities." — Supt. J. N. Powers. 
 
'4 
 
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ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-I9IO 15 
 
 South Carom n a 
 
 1 . Educational campaigns : 
 
 a. Conducted from 1905 to 19 10. 
 
 b. Contributed by the Southern Education 
 
 Board $9,000 . 00 
 
 2. Purposes of educational campaigns : 
 
 a. To encourage local tax levies. 
 
 b. To launch a movement looking to the con- 
 
 solidation of rural districts. 
 
 c. To increase the enrollment and attendance in 
 
 all schools. 
 
 d. To build better school-houses. 
 
 e. To employ better teachers at better salaries. 
 
 3. Results of educational campaigns: 
 
 a. Law increasing the maximum mill tax rate 
 
 from 4 mills to 8 mills. 
 
 b. Law encouraging consolidation of small 
 
 schools by creating a State building fund 
 and offering a bonus from this fund to 
 schools that have consolidated. 
 
 c. School districts levying local tax 1905 389 
 
 " " 1910 835 
 
 Increase in number of districts levying local 
 
 tax 1905 to 1910 446 
 
 d. In 1910 the average salary for white men 
 
 teachers increased $59.67; for white 
 women teachers, $9.13; for negro women 
 teachers, $2.89; for negro men teachers, 
 practically no increase. 
 
t6 
 
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ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-I9IO IJ 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 I. Educational campaigns : 
 
 1. Conducted from 1904 to 1910. 
 
 2. Contributed by Southern Education Board $11,592. 12 
 
 II. Purposes and results of educational campaigns 
 
 by periods. 
 
 1. Preliminary campaign 1902- 1903. 
 
 a. Purpose: 
 
 (1) To increase general interest in edu- 
 cation. 
 
 b. Results: 
 
 (1) Act appropriating surplus in State 
 
 treasury to common schools. (In 
 1905 this surplus amounted to 
 about $497,500.) 
 
 (2) Appropriated to University of Ten- 
 
 nessee 12,500 . 00 
 
 2. Campaigns of 1904- 1905. 
 
 a. Purpose: 
 
 ( 1 ) To arouse general interest in educa- 
 
 tion and specifically to increase 
 county and city levies for schools. 
 
 b. Result: 
 
 (2) Appropriation to the University. . . . 25,000.00 
 
 3. Campaigns 1906- 1907. 
 a. Purposes : 
 
 (1) A State appropriation of 75 cents 
 
 per capita for each child of school 
 age. 
 
 (2) An annual appropriation of $50,000 
 
 to be paid on a scholastic per 
 capita basis to such counties as 
 will levy a tax of 40 cents on the 
 hundred dollars and $2 on the poll. 
 (3) An annual appropriation of $25,000 
 for high schools. 
 
l8 THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 
 
 (4) An annual appropriation of $5,000 
 
 for school libraries. 
 
 (5) An annual appropriation of $75,000 
 
 for the establishment and support 
 of three normal schools. 
 
 (6) An annual appropriation of $50,000 
 
 to the State University. 
 b. Results: 
 
 (1) Seventy-five cents per capita for 
 
 common schools. 
 
 (2) $50,000 annually for counties levy- 
 
 ing for schools 40 cents on the 
 hundred dollars and $2 on the poll. 
 
 (3) $100,000 to the University for the 
 
 biennial period. 
 
 (4) $40,000 for the establishment of an 
 
 agricultural and horticultural ex- 
 periment station in West Tennes- 
 see. 
 
 (5) County Board Law enacted substi- 
 
 tuting County Boards of Educa- 
 tion for District Boards. 
 4. Campaigns of 1907, 1908, and 1909. 
 
 a. Purposes: 
 
 ( 1 ) To increase school levies in counties 
 
 and cities. 
 
 (2) To secure better support for high 
 
 schools. 
 
 (3) To improve school-houses and 
 
 grounds. 
 
 (4) Main purpose to secure passage of 
 
 General Education Bill and the 
 enactment of compulsory attend- 
 ance law. 
 
 b. Results : 
 
 (1) Large increase in city and county 
 levies. 
 
ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, 1904-I9IO 19 
 
 ( 2 ) Rapid increase in high school de- 
 
 velopment. 
 
 (3) Enactment of General Education Bill 
 
 (1909) giving 25 per cent of the 
 revenues of the State to public edu- 
 cation, apportioned as follows : 61 
 per cent directly to the common 
 schools on a per capita basis; 10 
 per cent to the counties levying 
 for schools 40 cents on the hun- 
 dred dollars and $2 on the poll, 
 and to these counties in proportion 
 to scholastic population and in in- 
 verse ratio to taxable property to 
 scholastic population (after the 
 beginning of 191 1 the State dupli- 
 cates the salary of county superin- 
 tendent up to $350, the money for 
 this being taken from this 10 per 
 cent fund) ; i per cent for school 
 libraries ; 8 per cent for public 
 high schools; 13 per cent for the 
 establishment and maintenance of 
 normal schools ; 7 per cent for the 
 University of Tennessee. The 
 total fund amounts to about $900,- 
 000 a year. The Legislature also 
 passed compulsory school attend- 
 ance laws applying to one-third 
 the counties of the State, and 
 passed a bill authorizing counties 
 and cities to issue bonds for build- 
 ings and equipment of the State 
 normal schools. Money, land, and 
 equipment have been given for 
 this purpose to the extent of 
 $975,000. 
 
20 THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 
 
 5. Campaigns of 1909-1910. 
 
 a. Purposes: 
 
 (1) The increase of appropriations for 
 
 public education from 25 per cent 
 to 33 1/3 per cent of the revenues 
 of the State. 
 
 (2) A general act enabling county courts 
 
 to issue bonds for buildings, 
 equipment, and repair of public 
 school buildings. 
 
 (3) A general revision and codification 
 
 of the school laws of the State. 
 
 (4) Extension of compulsory school at- 
 
 tendance laws of the State. 
 
 b. Results : 
 
 ( 1 ) Law enabling county courts to issue 
 
 bonds for building, maintaining, 
 and equipping school-houses. 
 
 (2) Law extending compulsory attend- 
 
 ance to a larger number of coun- 
 ties. 
 
 Note. — Failure of expected educational 
 legislation due to abnormal politi- 
 cal conditions, which disrupted the 
 Legislature. 
 
 111. Summary of increase of revenues as results 
 of campaigns : 
 
 Value of school property in 1902 $4,179,124 
 
 " " " " " 1910 9,150,301 
 
 Increase in value of school property $4,971,177 
 
 (Most of this attributed to campaigns.) 
 
 Direct State appropriations to common schools 
 
 since legislation of 1903 $3,019,037 
 
 Direct State appropriations to public high 
 
 schools 1 50,000 
 
ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-I9IO 21 
 
 State appropriations to libraries $19,000 
 
 State appropriations to normal schools 208,000 
 
 City and county appropriations to normal 
 
 schools 975,000 
 
 State appropriations to University 389,500 
 
 Estimated one-half increase in value of school 
 
 property due to campaigns 2,485,588 
 
 Total State appropriations due to campaigns. 7,246,125 
 Income of public schools from 
 
 local taxation in 1902 $1,747,726 
 
 Income of public schools from 
 
 local taxation in 1910 3>737>&37 
 
 Annual increase 1,990,1 1 1 
 
 Total increase in local taxation since January 
 
 h I904 8,524,718 
 
 Total increase in income from January 1, 
 1904, to June 30, 1910, mostly because of 
 campaigns $15,770,843 
 
2,2 the southern education board 
 
 Virginia 
 
 i . Educational campaigns : 
 
 a. Conducted from 1903 to 1909. 
 
 b. Contributed by Southern Education Board. $20,722.71 
 
 2. Purposes of campaigns : 
 
 a. To increase State, county, and local school 
 
 funds. 
 
 b. To secure State aid for high schools. 
 
 c. To secure better supervision and better 
 
 teaching in the country schools. 
 
 d. To adapt the country school to the needs 
 
 of country life. 
 
 e. To secure libraries, better buildings, and 
 
 better sanitation for country schools. 
 
 3. Results of educational campaigns : 
 
 a. In legislation : 
 
 (a) Law permitting local school boards 
 to borrow from State Literary 
 Fund one-half of cost of school 
 buildings. 
 
 1 b ) Law giving State aid to accredited 
 elementary schools. 
 
 ( c ) Law giving State aid to high schools. 
 
 | d ) Law requiring county and city su- 
 perintendents to give their whole 
 time to duties of the office and 
 providing adequate salaries for 
 these officers. 
 
 I e ) Regulation placing examination of 
 teachers in the hands of the State 
 Board of Examiners. 
 
 t / ) Law providing for establishment of 
 agricultural high schools in each 
 congressional district. 
 
 1 y ) Law providing for the establish- 
 ment of 20 normal training classes 
 in high schools. 
 
ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, 1904-I9IO 23 
 
 (h) Law establishing school libraries. 
 
 (i) Law providing for demonstration 
 farm work throughout the State. 
 School officials co-operate with 
 Agricultural College, U. S. Depart- 
 ment of Agriculture, and State De- 
 partment of Agriculture. 
 
 (/) Law requiring proper facilities for 
 heating, lighting, and ventilating 
 all new school buildings. 
 
 (k) Law increasing the power of the 
 State Board of Health to provide 
 adequate sanitary arrangements 
 within and around school buildings. 
 
24 
 
 TDK SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 
 
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ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS, I904-19IO 25 
 
 Summary of Funds Raised as Result oe Educational 
 Campaigns for the Five Year Period 
 
 Alabama $4,034,371 . 50 
 
 Arkansas 2,122,237.33 
 
 Florida 729,000.00 
 
 Georgia 15,702,448.00 
 
 Kentucky 1,282,521 .00 
 
 Louisiana 2,027,191 .47 
 
 Mississippi 717,272 . 1 1 
 
 North Carolina 1,883,816.06 
 
 South Carolina 1,790,478.05 
 
 Tennessee 15,770,843 .00 
 
 Virginia 5,274,329.60 
 
 Total for 11 States $51,334,508.12 
 
26 THE SOUTHERN EDUCATION BOARD 
 
 Increase in Annual Expenditures for Schools During 
 Nine Year Period 
 
 Total Expenditure for Schools 
 
 State. 1900. 1909. Increase. 
 
 Alabama $923,464 $2,498,708 $1,575,244 
 
 Arkansas 1,369,810 3,110,165 1,740,355 
 
 Florida 765777 *,7W,93& 949> I 6i 
 
 Georgia 1.980,016 4,005,325 2,025,309 
 
 Kentucky 3,037,908 4,850,189 1,812,281 
 
 Louisiana 1,135,125 3,607,295 2,472,170 
 
 Mississippi 1,385,112 2.674,648 1,289,536 
 
 North Carolina 950,317 -.993,045 ^,042,728 
 
 South Carolina 894,004 1,095,236 201,232 
 
 Tennessee 1, 75 1,047 3404,555 1,653,508 
 
 Virginia 1,985,238 4.393,562 2,408,324 
 
 Total increase for 11 States $18,169,848 
 
 This means that these eleven States are spending in round 
 numbers $18,000,000 more each year for public schools than 
 they were spending in 1900. The educational campaigns have 
 been an important factor in bringing about this result. To 
 aid in maintaining these campaigns the Southern Education 
 Board has expended from $30,000 to $40,000 a year during 
 this period.