School^ 
 Gymnastics 
 
 Christopher Sower Company 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
Class _a\M83 
 Book T'/s 
 
 CopightlJ", 
 
 COPYRIGHT DEPOSm 
 
GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FOR 
 
 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 
 
 SUPPLEMENTED BY 
 
 FANCY STEPS AND GAMES 
 
 BY 
 
 HARRIET E. TRASK 
 
 GRADUATE OF THE BOSTON NORMAL SCHOOL OF GYMNASTICS 
 INSTRUCTOR IN THE PHILADELPHIA NORMAL SCHOOL 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 CHRISTOPHER SOWER COMPANY 
 

 LIBRARY «f 0ON6RESS 
 T\ivo Cooles Received 
 
 JUL 21 1904 
 Oooyrlerht Entry 
 
 CTLASS Ct-XXo. No. 
 
 ^%^^ 
 
 U^ 
 
 Copyright, 1904 
 By Christopher Sower Company 
 
 9 9 2 
 
 •)-'•. ft • i • • -(I 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In selecting and arranging the material for this book, I 
 have tried to meet the dem-and especially of those teachers 
 who are being more and more called upon to add to their 
 curriculum this branch of physical education, namely, 
 gymnastics. 
 
 Several years of experience in elementary grades and in 
 normal teaching have shown what the grade teacher, as well 
 as the normal pupil, would find essential and helpful in 
 teaching gymnastics. A teacher's text-book to meet the 
 general needs must be of such a nature that the simple 
 and combined movements which it describes may be easily 
 understood and accurately reproduced. This is provided 
 for by definite descriptions of all movements, positions, and 
 combinations, and by illustrations of many of the funda- 
 mental positions. 
 
 The use of technical terms is reduced to a minimum. The 
 following series help to counteract the effects of unhygienic 
 
 (3) 
 
4 PREFACE 
 
 conditions of school life and constitute, so far as the limits 
 of the classroom will allow, a supplement to the less system- 
 atic but exceedingly hygienic exercises found in outdoor 
 play and games. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Introduction 11 
 
 Part I. Days' Orders 27 
 
 First Year 29 
 
 Second Year 73 
 
 Third Year 93 
 
 Fourth Year 113 
 
 Fifth Year 131 
 
 Sixth Year 143 
 
 Seventh Year 157 
 
 Eighth Year 175 
 
 Part II. Fancy Steps 187 
 
 Part III. Games 195 
 
 For the Classroom 197 
 
 For the Gymnasium or Playroom 211 
 
 (5) 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 FIG. PAGE 
 
 1. Attention 10 
 
 2. Feet close. Hips firm 26 
 
 3. Head backward bend 28 
 
 4. Arms upward bend ■ 32 
 
 5. Neck firm 33 
 
 6. Arms sideways stretch. Arms sideways raise .... 37 
 
 7. Arms forward stretch. Arms forward raise 40 
 
 8. Trunk forward bend 43 
 
 9. Arms backward stretch 45 
 
 10. Arms to star position stretch 47 
 
 11. Arms forward bend 49 
 
 12. Arms upward stretch 51 
 
 13. Trunk backward bend 57 
 
 14. Arms half sideways bend 59 
 
 15. Trunk sideways bend 61 
 
 16. Leg backward stretch. Leg backward raise 84 
 
 17. Leg sideways raise 88 
 
 18. Leg forward raise 96 
 
 19. Forward fallout . • 147 
 
 20. Knee upward bend 169 
 
 (7) 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 (9) 
 
(10) 
 
 Fig. 1. — Attention. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 For elementary school work there are practically only 
 two systems of physical training, the German and the 
 Swedish. The movements of these in free floor work are 
 almost identical. One and the same set of exercises may 
 be given in a lesson under both systems without violating 
 the fundamental principles of either. Other so-called 
 systems of school gymnastics are based upon one or both 
 of these and contain nothing original excepting the selec- 
 tion and the arrangement of the movements. Some par- 
 ticular element or elements which appeal to the individual 
 may have been selected and elaborated, but in general 
 there is nothing which is not borrowed from one or both 
 of these systems. 
 
 It has been universally acknowledged that the best 
 arrangement in general for a lesson is one in which the 
 lesson starts with relatively easy exercises, increases to 
 the more difficult, and ends with moderately easy ones. 
 
 These lessons are composed of a number of exercises put 
 together in a systematic way, each exercise having its 
 special object in the lesson. The fact that the general 
 arrangement remains the same greatly aids the class teacher 
 in memorizing the lesson, which is an important factor, 
 since the teacher is not a specialist and more often than 
 
 (11) 
 
12 INTRODUCTION 
 
 otherwise has had only a Umited training in the work. 
 Therefore, it is necessary to make it as easy in every way 
 for the teacher as is consistent with the scientific arrange- 
 ment of the subject-matter taught. The lessons must be 
 memorized and not read from a book or card. 
 The exercises are divided into: 
 I. Introductory exercises. 
 Order. 
 Leg. 
 Arm. 
 11. Balance exercises. 
 
 III. Trunk exercises. 
 
 Back. 
 Front. 
 Lateral trunk. 
 
 IV. Breathing exercises. 
 
 For the sake of convenience the introductory and the 
 trunk exercises are subdivided. 
 
 The arrangement of the first ten lessons follows this 
 general plan : Order, leg, head, arm, balance, back, breath- 
 ing. From the tenth lesson the following is the order: 
 Order, leg, arm, balance, front, back, lateral trunk, jump, 
 breathing. So we have our 'Wesson," ^'clay's order," or 
 '^ series of exercises," made up of exercises which in turn are 
 composed of two or more movements. In the first grade 
 there is very little combination work, the combined move- 
 ments being used mostly as '^starting positions" and com- 
 posed of easy movements which have been taken previously 
 as ''movements proper" in the class of exercises to which 
 they especially belong. They are introduced for their 
 
INTRODUCTION 13 
 
 coordinative value and for economy of time. Since they 
 are not usually repeated, they have very little hygienic 
 value. 
 
 The first year includes nearly all the elementary move- 
 ments. Those following are in general a combination, in 
 a well-defined way, increasing gradually in physical and 
 mental difficulty. All "starting positions" follow the same 
 order of development in the class into which they are intro- 
 duced that was peculiar to them when previously given in 
 their own special class of exercises. This order is likewise 
 kept in all exercises where movements are done while the 
 "movement proper" is held,. 
 
 Allowing thirty weeks for indoor gymnastic work gives 
 fifteen days' orders to each grade, each grade after the first, 
 reviewing in the beginning of the term the five lessons of 
 the previous year ; thus the eleventh order of the first grade 
 becomes the first order of the second grade. 
 
 Two weeks' time is given to each lesson, from ten to 
 fifteen minutes daily, but the same combination of exer- 
 cises may be taught for one week only. This has an advan- 
 tage over the plan of keeping a class on the same exercise 
 two or three weeks, since under the latter condition the les- 
 son is apt to become a set drill, the pupils anticipate the 
 movements and the mental value of the command work is 
 weakened. It follows also that the interest of the class is 
 lessened. Give the "first day's order" the first two weeks; 
 the last half of the " first" and the first half of the "second," 
 the third week; the whole of the "second" the fourth week; 
 the last half of the "second" and the first half of the 
 "third," the fifth week; etc. 
 
14 INTRODUCTION 
 
 The selection and logical arrangement of a curriculum 
 is a most vital question with school authorities. The general 
 principles underlying the correlation of studies must 
 govern the arrangement of the daily program, and only 
 by observing this law can the maximum benefit be ob- 
 tained; only thus can the time and place for each study 
 be correctly approximated. The program must be so 
 arranged that one lesson is not followed by another of the 
 same mental or physical nature, but should be followed 
 by one of contrast, giving as much variety as possible, for 
 in this way there is an avoidance of fatigue, which would 
 otherwise be the result. The earlier part of the session, 
 when the pupils are at their best, calls for the studies re- 
 quiring the greater mental effort, and among these studies 
 would be placed arithmetic, grammar, history, and geog- 
 raphy. Drawing, manual training, nature studies and sing- 
 ing might well succeed one of the above. The place for a 
 gymnastic lesson is an open question. Some would place 
 it with geography and history in its production of mental 
 fatigue. Without laying undue stress upon this fact, the 
 gymnastic lesson might well be introduced after one of 
 limited physical activity. It is the manner in which the 
 lesson is given which determines to a large extent the 
 element of fatigue. When the gymnastic period is not 
 divided, it is preferable to place it in the morning session. 
 Under certain conditions, however, it is better to divide 
 the time and give a lesson in the morning and another in 
 the afternoon. The fact that gymnastics are recreative, 
 as well as corrective and developing, must be kept in view. 
 Formal gymnastics can never be a satisfactory substitute 
 
INTRODUCTION 15 
 
 for the recess period. Gymnastic games might be utiUzed 
 during a part of the recess period with benefit. 
 
 Before a lesson the windows should be opened for fresh 
 air, when there is no other arrangement for admitting 
 plenty. This is also necessary in order to lower the tem- 
 perature, since a room warm enough for inactivity has too 
 high a temperature for active exercise. 
 
 It is of paramount importance to call the attention of the 
 class leader to the fact that it would be most injurious for 
 some pupils to take all the exercises. We have these 
 abnormal conditions ever present which must be met and 
 treated accordingly. They cannot be ignored, and, though 
 the work is arranged for the average and normal pupil, those 
 who do fall below this class must be considered. In certain 
 cases the teacher, unless under proper direction or with 
 proper training, should not take the responsibility of decid- 
 ing the nature of the exercises or of giving them. It is better 
 to omit than to commit. Children with spinal or with hip 
 diseases, unless the exercises are definitely prescribed by a 
 physician or specialist, should be excused. Those with 
 marked deviation of the spine to the sides, "a condition 
 which may be recognized by unevenness in the hips or 
 shoulder, should be excused from side bendings and twist- 
 ings. Deviation forward, '^ round shoulders," should be 
 carefully watched and manual assistance often given. In 
 cases of ^'flat-foot," excuse from balance exercises when 
 the movement is taken from one foot. Give in its place 
 heel raising, with a very small or no angle at the heels. 
 Limit or omit the ''order" exercises with children who 
 have a tendency to chorea. Call as little attention as pos- 
 
If) INTRODTTCTION 
 
 sible to an excused or partially excused pupil. Unless the 
 abnormal child is receiving special attention, under a 
 physician's advice, it is best to consult the parent and 
 suggest such attention. 
 
 Command. There are two parts to the command, the 
 explanatory, preceding the dash ( — ), and the executive, 
 or the word following the dash. The last word is always 
 emphasized when it is the word of execution. The word 
 directly before the exclamation point is the word of execu- 
 tion, except when it is followed by counts. The tone of 
 the voice indicates the rhythm of the movement. Hips — 
 firm! ^^Hips" explanatory; the dash ( — ) indicates the 
 separation, where a distinct pause must be made; ''firm!" 
 the word of execution. The word ''firm" should be given 
 in a quick and sharp tone, since the movement is to be 
 done quickly. Head backward — bend! Raise! "Bend" 
 and "raise" are done slowly, and the voice must show this. 
 In general foot placings, arm flingings, stretchings, and 
 bendings, facings, march-steps and parts of the jump are 
 given in a quick rhythm. Movements of the trunk, head, 
 arm and heel raising and sinking, knee bending and stretch- 
 ing, all breathing exercises and nearly all balancing move- 
 ments, are given in a slow rhythm. There are a few 
 exceptions, but the grade teacher will find the above rule 
 a safe one. 
 
 Pause. The separation between the two parts of a com- 
 mand is indicated by the dash ( — ), when a pause must be 
 made of sufficient length to allow the class to do mentally 
 what it is to do physically, upon the word of execution. 
 The pause secures a quick and uniform response. Do not 
 
INTRODUCTION 17 
 
 allow the class to anticipate by a movement, the word of 
 execution, else the power of control is not being trained, a 
 factor as important as quickness of response. The move- 
 ment is done upon the word of execution and only then. 
 
 Starting Position and Movement Proper. The exer- 
 cises are composed usually of two parts, the ^'starting 
 position" and the ^^ movement proper'' of the exercise. In 
 the lower grades the physical difficulty of the exercise is 
 mainly influenced by the starting position. Coordination 
 is trained in executing this position, though the hygienic 
 value is at a minimum. The corrective value and the 
 physiological effects of nutrition, circulation, respiration, 
 digestion, etc., are found in the movement proper of the 
 exercise, and these movements must be repeated the 
 requisite number of times to produce the required results 
 upon the part of the body to which they are especially 
 referred. The movement proper is printed in italics. Thus, 
 in the balance exercise of the fourth day's order, first year: 
 
 Neck — firm! Feet sideways — place! One! Two! Heels 
 — raise ! Sink ! 
 
 ''Neck — firm! Feet sideways — place! One! Two!" is 
 the starting position. "Heels — raise! SinkP^ is the move- 
 ment proper. 
 
 The starting position must not be held throughout the 
 exercise, if it is of such a nature that a good position is not 
 maintained. This is shown in the balance exercises of the 
 ninth day's order, first year: 
 
 Neck firm and left foot forward — place! Heels — raise! 
 Sink! Feet — change! Etc. 
 
 ''Neck — firm!" is a hard position for that grade to hold 
 
 2 
 
18 INTRODUCTION 
 
 well, when an exercise is given requiring a change of feet. 
 It is better to bring the arms down before the movement 
 is taken with the changed position of the feet. This rule 
 is general. 
 
 Combined Movements. Combined movements are com- 
 posed of a number of single movements united under one 
 command. They may be of like parts or of different parts 
 of the body. Arm stretchings of the arm and foot placings 
 of the leg are given as combined movements. Arms side- 
 ways and upward — stretch ! Left foot placing forward and 
 sideways — go! Hips firm and feet — close! Arms side- 
 ways stretch, and feet sideways — place! are examples of 
 this class. The order exercises, after the *' eleventh day's 
 order, "are of this kind. Many of the starting positions are 
 given as combinations, where different parts of the body 
 move at the same time, executed either in the same or in 
 a different number of counts. An example of this is found 
 in the lateral trunk exercise of the tenth day's order, first 
 year : 
 
 Hips firm and feet sideways — place! has one count for 
 the hands and two for the feet. The rule is general that in 
 an uneven number of counts the last count or counts 
 take the combined movement. The teacher must keep in 
 mind that in exercises of this kind the pause must be of 
 sufficient length to enable the class to understand clearly 
 the combination. The length varies with the grade, the 
 amount of previous training, and with the difficulty of the 
 exercise. 
 
 Series. Exercises or movements in series are done by 
 successively repeating the same, either a certain number 
 
INTRODITCTION 19 
 
 of times indicated in the command, or until some signal to 
 stop is given. The terms ''halt!" or ''class — halt!" are the 
 common ones used to end a series. When "class — halt !" is 
 given, two counts at least are allowed to finish. The 
 rhythm of the command to halt should be the same as in the 
 series. Marching, marking time, quick time, and spring 
 jumps belong to series w^ork. The stimulating value of 
 series exercise is great. They are given quite extensively 
 in the upper grades, where the correct form of the move- 
 ment has been previously secured. 
 
 Counting. Counting may generally be used in repeating 
 an exercise or a movement. It is in many cases desirable, 
 not only for economizing the time, but to give variety to 
 the commands. The time element in the class room is a 
 very important factor. The words "repeat" or "the 
 same" followed by the counts in the rhythm of the move- 
 ment, may also be substituted for the words of the com- 
 mand. Thus, in the balance exercise of the fifth day's 
 order, first year: 
 
 Neck — firm! Heels — raise! Sink! Raise! Sink! or 
 Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Also in the breathing exercise of the third day's order: 
 
 Arms sideways — raise! Sink! With deep breathing — 
 repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Always count for the breathing exercises after having 
 first given the movement to command. Always count for 
 the jump. It is better for the teacher to do the most of 
 the counting in the first year ; in the second and in the third 
 years the class may count w^ith the teacher or alone; the 
 higher grades may work without loud counting, if their 
 
20 INTRODUCTION 
 
 sense of rhythm has been well trained. In the four upper 
 grades it is advisable to vary the rhythm from the common 
 rhythm of that particular movement, but in no case should 
 it be so fast that the form is sacrificed. The time should 
 also occasionally be changed in the lower grades, as a 
 careful training in this is essential. 
 
 Balancing an Exercise. If an exercise is unilateral, it 
 must be balanced — i. e., the same movement must be given 
 under like conditions to both sides of the body. For 
 example, in the leg exercise of the third day's order, first 
 year: 
 
 Left foot forward — place! Replace! Right foot forward — 
 place! Replace! Left foot forward — place! Replace! Right 
 foot forivard — place! Replace! or, Left foot forward — place! 
 Replace! Left foot forward — place! Replace! Right foot 
 forward — place! Replace! Right foot forward — place! Re- 
 place! Also in the balance exercise: 
 
 Neck firm and left foot forward — place! Heels — raise! 
 Sink! Heels — raise! Sink! Feet — change! Heels — raise! 
 Sink! Heels — raise! Sink! Position. 
 
 The movement is usually executed with the left side, or 
 toward the left, first, but it is well occasionally to reverse 
 this order. For convenience these lessons are arranged, 
 designating "\eW first. The word in parenthesis (left) 
 or (right) indicates that the same movement is to be 
 done with that segment, in that direction, or to that 
 side, as in the order exercise of the third day's order, 
 first year: 
 
 1 side step to left (right) — warch! or 1 side step to left — 
 marcJi! 1 side step to rigid — march! 
 
INTRODUCTION 21 
 
 Formation. The greatest working space in the 
 ordinary class-room is given when the pupils stand 
 between the desks. The class should be arranged 
 with the shortest ones in front. It is difficult to see 
 the faults of the smaller pupils when they are not 
 placed according to height. In many exercises requiring 
 the arms stretched sideways, the hands of the neighboring 
 pupils touch. If a diagonal formation is given, this diffi- 
 culty disappears: ^'Half left face." It is necessary in 
 giving side steps and in some of the jumps to give first 
 ''left (or right) face." For convenience the class may be 
 faced in any direction, but it should not be kept for 
 any length of time facing the strong light from windows. 
 Some positions are better seen from the rear, as ''neck 
 firm," some from the side, as "trunk forward bend." 
 Do not always teach from the front of the room; move 
 about. 
 
 Position. The word "position" is used to bring the class 
 to the fundamental standing position from any position 
 other than "in place rest" or "rest." After the rest posi- 
 tion, the word "attention" is used. The word "position" 
 unqualified brings to the fundamental standing position 
 in the quickest and shortest way. It is used in connection 
 with the starting position more often than with the move- 
 ment proper. It is usually best to bring back to the funda- 
 mental position in the same w^ay that the movement was 
 taken, and therefore it is advisable, in the absence of 
 special instruction, to indicate before the word "position," 
 if other than the shortest way is desired. In general no 
 such instructions are given in the lessons, but must be 
 
22 INTRODUCTION 
 
 supplied by the teacher. This is illustrated in the balance 
 exercise of the sixth day's order, first year : 
 
 Arms sideways — stretch ! One ! Two ! Feet sideways — 
 place! One! Two! Heels — raise! Sink! Feet together — 
 place! One! Two! In two counts — position! (Arms 
 downward — stretch !) 
 
 In place — rest! Always bring the class to the funda- 
 mental standing position before giving ''In place — rest!" 
 This must be given at the close of each class of exercises — 
 I. e., between the order and the leg, between the leg and 
 the head, etc. The rest position must not be held too long; 
 three or four seconds are usually long enough, unless some 
 explanation of the exercise is necessary. When a new 
 movement is first given, or when a faulty position cannot 
 be corrected in a few words, give the rest position, in order 
 that the movement may be illustrated or more fully 
 explained. Never illustrate, give a long explanation, or 
 ask a question while the class stands at ''attention," or in 
 any position other than the "rest" position, though short 
 explanations in the nature of corrections may be given in 
 the upper grades. Better results are obtained when strict 
 mental attention and its accompanying physical positions 
 are expected and demanded in an exercise. These cannot 
 be given by the pupil when the teacher is illustrating, is 
 giving a long explanation, or requires an answer to some 
 question. The attention during the illustration should be 
 concentrated upon the demonstration, and in order that 
 this may be done the pupil must be free to move within 
 certain limits, that he may see clearly. It is not pedagog- 
 ical to insist upon a certain thing and then to make the 
 
INTRODUCTION 23 
 
 conditions such that it is impossible to accomphsh that 
 thing. What we want is satisfactory physical positions 
 in small doses, attention in small doses. The physical 
 '^position" is the mental '^ attention/' and both must have 
 their quick and accurate response. Words of caution and 
 class correction are constantly needed while the class is 
 working. 
 
 Manner. The standing position of the teacher while 
 conducting a lesson should be an active one — i. e., standing 
 firmly upon both feet with the head in a good position; it 
 is not, however, a stiff attitude. The manner before the 
 class greatly influences the power of the commands and 
 the response to them. It is very suggestive to the class 
 and cannot but react upon it. 
 
 Preparation. The lesson must be perfectly learned and 
 each movement should carry with it an appreciation of the 
 feeling of such movement. This trained feeling governs 
 the correct length of time the position is to be held, the 
 number of times the movement is to be repeated, and it 
 also decides the rhythm. The psychological, as well as 
 the physiological, results to be gained from each exercise, 
 also those to be gained from the lesson as a whole, must 
 be kept in mind. 
 
 Instruction. The teacher should be able to analyze an 
 exercise or a movement and intelligently to develop the 
 same from its parts. This is necessary in all new movements 
 and in all new combinations. Besides the description, it 
 is best to give an accurate demonstration of the movement, 
 since by uniting the two a double association is formed, 
 sight and hearing, the former usually the stronger of the 
 
24 INTRODUCTION 
 
 two. A practical illustration is better than a long explana- 
 tion. Give all the aids which the age and development 
 of the child demand. 
 
 Distribution. When a new movement is difficult, more 
 time may be given to it at first than is allowed later. Each 
 has its special place, and a uniformity of time for each will 
 result in the desired totality. Simply because the class 
 does one exercise better than the others, is no reason why 
 that particular one should be limited. It has its own 
 special place and value and no other class of exercises in 
 the lesson can be substituted. 
 
 Correction of Faults. There are several ways of correct- 
 ing faulty positions. The most general one is by class 
 correction, ''heads up!" ''palms down!" "fingers close!" 
 "heels together!" This is often sufficient in correcting a 
 general class error, and is also used in correcting an indi- 
 vidual, especially if the pupil is not within easy reach. It 
 is not best in making an individual correction to indicate 
 the pupil by name, since this has a tendency to direct the 
 attention of the class toward the one at fault, at least in 
 the lower grades. Class corrections must be given in as 
 few words as possible. Manual corrections, where the 
 teacher assists the pupil to a correct position, are often a 
 necessity. The untrained muscular sense of the required 
 position, or the physical inability to take that position 
 unaided, are common faults. Where a majority of the class 
 does not understand the movement, it is best to make the 
 correction by illustration, by explanation, or both. For 
 this purpose the class must be in the rest position. Train 
 the eye to see and the ear to hear the faults quickly, and 
 
INTRODUCTION 25 
 
 correct the major ones first. All cannot be corrected at 
 one time, or in one lesson, and the teacher must often be 
 temporarily satisfied with approximately good positions. 
 Always insist upon the best position of the head that the 
 pupil is able to give. Have an ideal standard for all exer- 
 cises and work toward it, but recognize the fact that there 
 is an individual standard for each pupil which must not be 
 ignored. It is a movable one, however, and should advance 
 toward the ideal. 
 
Fig. 2.— Feet Close. Hips Firm, 
 
 (26) 
 
PART I. 
 
 FIRST YEAR 
 
 0^7) 
 
Fig. 3.— Head Backward Bend. 
 
 <28) 
 
FIRST YEAR 29 
 
 FIRST DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Attention! Class— stand! One! Two! Three! 
 
 Order. Class — attention! Left foot in place — rest! Fig. 1. 
 
 Leg. Class — attention! Feet — close! Feet — open! Right 
 
 foot in place — rest! Fig. 2. 
 Head. Head backward — hend! Raise! Fig. 3. 
 Arm. Hips — firm! Position! Fig. 2. 
 Breathing. Deep breathing — one! Two! 
 Class— sit! One! Two! Three! Rest! 
 
 In sitting, ''attention" means to sit well back in the seat, 
 but not to lean against it, back erect, hands on top of the desk. 
 Class — stand! One! Two! Three! On ''one" bring the hands 
 to the sides; on "two," the left or right foot into the aisle; on 
 "three," stand in the fundamental position. 
 
 Order. Class — attention ! brings to the fundamental stand- 
 ing position, which is: heels together and toes turned out, kiiees 
 straight, body erect, with chest high, head up and hips back, 
 arms straight at the sides, fingers straight and close together, 
 palms toward the body. "Class — attention!" is always given 
 after "In place — rest!" to call the class to the fundamental 
 standing position, before proceeding with the next exercise. 
 Do not say "attention" when the class is in the fundamental 
 position. 
 
 Left foot in place — rest ! Place the left or right foot diagonally 
 forward and stand at ease, but never in a lounging position. 
 Do not give the rest position with one foot more often than 
 with the other. "In place rest" must always be given after 
 each exercise — after the order, the leg, the head, etc. It is 
 always taken from the fundamental standing position. 
 
30 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Leg. Feet — close! Bring the inner sides of the feet together. 
 In doing this, raise the balls of the feet and use the heels as 
 pivots. The feet must not slide along the floor; the heels must 
 be kept together; there should be as little motion of the body 
 as possible. 
 
 Head. Head backward — hend! Start by pulling the chin 
 back and then bend the head back as far as possible without 
 relaxing the neck muscles. In raising the head, stop at the 
 highest point. ''Head backward bend" may be given in a 
 lesson whenever it is needed to correct a bad head position. 
 
 Arm. Hips — firm ! Place the hands upon the hips, thumbs 
 back, fingers together, to the front and pointing obliquely 
 downward, wrist straight and elbows back. Position! brings 
 to the fundamental standing position. 
 
 Breathing. On ''one" inhale, on "two" exhale. Give 
 this movement, always in the rhythm of deep breathing, 
 several times. The arms may be turned, palms forward, as 
 the breath is taken in. 
 
 Class— sit! One! Two! Three! On "one" place the foot 
 toward the seat, on "two" sit, on "three" take the funda- 
 mental position, which is the position of attention. 
 
 "Rest!" is the word for endino; the lesson. Sit at ease. 
 
FIRST YEAR 31 
 
 SECOND DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Class — attention! Left foot in place — rest! 
 
 Leg. Left (right) foot sideways — place! Replace! 
 
 Head. Hips — firm! Head backward — bend! Raise! Posi- 
 tion ! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward — bend! Downward — stretch! Fig. 4. 
 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left foot sideways — place! Heels 
 — raise! Sink! Foot — replace! Position! 
 
 Back. Neck — firm! Position! Fig. 5. 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways — raise! Deep breathing — 07ie! 
 Two! Arms — sink! Fig. 6. 
 
 Leg. Left foot sideways — place ! Place the left foot directly 
 to the left one foot length, keeping the original angle of the 
 feet, the weight of the body equally between the feet. 
 
 Foot — replace! Press off with the ball of the left foot by 
 slightly extending the ankle and bring the foot back to the 
 original position. 
 
 Arm. Arms upward — bend! Turn the palms of the hand 
 out and flex the forearm upon the upper arm, keeping the 
 elfDows close to the sides; the tips of the fingers rest upon the 
 shoulders and in the same lateral plane. This movement 
 in the lower grades is done in a moderately slow rhythm to 
 insure a correct position of what might otherwise easily be a 
 faulty one. 
 
 Arms downward — stretch! Stretch the arms forcibly down- 
 ward wqth the fingers leading. 
 
 Balance. Heels — raise! Lift the heels, rising as high on 
 the toes as possible, keeping the heels together and the body 
 
Fig. 4. — Arms Upward Bend. 
 
 (32 J 
 
Fig. 5. — Neck Firm. 
 3 
 
 (33) 
 
34 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 from swaying. Take a point as an eyemark directly in front 
 and a little above the eye. This should be done in all balance 
 movements. Balance exercises as such should be done in a 
 slow rhythm, for if quickened they take more the nature of 
 leg or of abdominal exercises. 
 
 Back. Neck — firm! Bring the hands quickly to the back 
 of the neck, fingers and thumbs held as in the fundamental 
 position. The tips of the opposite fingers just touch; the 
 elbows are flexed to the limit and point directly to the sides, 
 the upper arms on a height with the shoulders. 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways — raise! Keeping the arms per- 
 fectly straight, as in the fundamental position, raise slowly 
 directly toward the sides to the height of the shoulders; both 
 arms must be on the same level, palms toward the floor. 
 
 Deep breathing — one! Two! The arms will move slightly 
 with the breathins:, but it is not best to call the attention of 
 the class to this fact, else the movement is apt to be exag- 
 gerated. 
 
FIRST YEAR ^5 
 
 THIRD DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 step to left (right) — march! One! Two! Guide — 
 
 front! 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot forward (backward) — 
 
 place! Replace! Position! 
 Head. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot sideways — place! 
 
 Head backward — bend ! Raise ! Foot — replace ! Position ! 
 Arm. Arms upward — bend ! Sideways — stretch ! Bend ! 
 
 Downward — stretch! Fig. 6. 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Heels — raise! Sink! Position! 
 Back. Neck — firm! Hips — firm! Change! Position! 
 Breathing. Arms sideways — raise ! Sink ! With deep 
 
 breathing — repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Order. 1 step to left — march ! Place the left foot sideways 
 on ''one." Bring the right foot to the left with the heels 
 together on "two." The counts must not follow each other 
 too quickly in the lower grades. 
 
 Guide — front! Stand directly behind the one in front at 
 the correct distance, which is between the seats. This com- 
 mand may be given whenever the class is out of alignment. 
 
 Leg. Left foot forward (backward) — place! Place the left 
 foot directly forward one and one-half foot lengths, keeping 
 the original angle of the feet with the weight equally dis- 
 tributed between both. Backward placing is the same in the 
 opposite direction. Be careful that the shoulders are square 
 to the front. In replacing the foot, press off with the ball, 
 sHghtly extending the ankle. 
 
36 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways — stretch ! First turn the forearm so 
 that the fingers point directly toward the sides^ and then 
 quickly and forcibly extend the arms in that direction; they 
 should be on a height with the shoulders, not in front of the 
 shoulder-joints; the palms should be turned toward the floor, 
 unless otherwise indicated in the command. All arm exer- 
 cises when correctly done have a beneficial influence upon the 
 chest and upper back muscles. They are corrective. 
 
 Balance. Heels — raise! Rise as high on the toes as pos- 
 sible, at the same time keeping the heels together. Avoid 
 swaying the body. 
 
 Breathing. With deep breathing — repeat I One ! Two ! 
 Breathe in deeply as the arms are raised; breathe out as the 
 arms are lowered, to the counts of "one," "two." In breath- 
 ing exercises, give the movement first by command and then 
 by counts. The command "with deep breathing" may pre- 
 cede the word "repeat." Be exceedingly careful of the 
 rhythm and never hold the position at the end of an inhalation 
 while corrections are being made. If corrections are to be 
 made, the time to do so is before the command "with deep 
 breathing" is given. The arm movement is a mechanical aid 
 in breathing. 
 
Fig. 6. — Arms Sideways Stretch Arms Sideways Raise. 
 
 (37) 
 
38 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FOURTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 stej) forioard (backward) — march .[ One! Two! 
 Leg. Hips — firml .- Feet sideways — place! Left! Right! 
 
 Feet together — place! Left! Right! Knees — bend! Stretch! 
 
 Position ! 
 Head. Hips — firm! Head to left (right) — twist! Forward 
 
 — twist ! Position ! 
 Arm. Arms sideways — stretch ! One ! Two ! Repeat ! One ! 
 
 Two! Downward — stretch! One! Two! 
 Balance. Neck — firm ! Feet sideways — place ! One ! Two ! 
 
 Heels — raise! Sink! Feet together — place! Position! 
 Back. Left hip — firm! Right neck — firm! Hands — change! 
 
 Change ! Position. 
 Breathing. Arms sideways and heels — raise! Arms and 
 
 heels — sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward) — march! One! Two! 
 Place the left foot forward on "one." Bring the right to the 
 left, with heels together, on "two." 
 
 Leg. Feet sideways — place! Left! Right! Place the left 
 foot directly to the left one foot length on "left." Place the 
 right foot to the right one foot length on "right." There 
 should be no unnecessary movement of the body, and the 
 weight should be equally distributed between both feet. 
 
 Feet together — place! First the left and then the right foot 
 is brought to the starting position. 
 
 Knees — bend! Bend the knees to an obtuse angle, keeping 
 the heels on the floor, the knees apart and the body erect. 
 
FIRST YEAR 39 
 
 Head. Head to left — twist ! Turn the head slowly to the 
 left as far as possible without moving the shoulders. Keep 
 the chin in the same parallel plane with the floor as in the 
 fundamental standing position. 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways — stretch! One! Two! Bend the arms 
 upward on ''one/' stretch sideways on "two." In all arm 
 extensions the bend is usually taken on the first count. Keep 
 in mind that the bend is a slower movement than the stretch, 
 therefore there is more emphasis placed upon the second 
 count than upon the first. 
 
 Back. Arms — change! Make the movement upon the 
 word ''change," when the left hand is placed at the back of 
 the neck and the right hand upon the hip. 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways and heels — raise! This is an 
 easy combined movement and like all in this class, besides 
 being easy of coordination, is easy physically. 
 
 Deep breathing with the arm movement only may be given 
 to end the lesson. 
 
jPjQ 7 — Arms Forward Stretch. Arms Forward Raise, 
 (40) 
 
rillST YEAR 41 
 
 FIFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Left (right)— face! One! Two! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot outward — place! Re- 
 place ! Position ! 
 
 Head. Head rotation — one! Two! Three! Four! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward — hend! Forward — stretch! Bend! 
 Stretch! Downward — stretch! One! Two! Fig. 7. 
 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Heels — raise! Sink! Position! 
 
 Back. Hips — firm! Feet sideways — place! One! Two! 
 Trunk forward — hend! Raise! Feet together — place! 
 Position! Fig. 8. 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways — raise! Arms — turn! Arms 
 upward — raise! Sideways — sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 Arms — turn! Sink! Fig. 12. 
 
 Order. Left (right) — face! One! Two! Lift the toes of the 
 left foot and turn ninety degrees to the left, using the left heel 
 as a pivot on ''one." Bring the right foot to the left in the 
 fundamental standing position on 'Hwo." As soon as the 
 turn is made on the left heel, the whole of the left foot is 
 placed upon the floor and the weight of the body is transferred 
 to that foot. 
 
 Right — face! is done on the right heel, turning toward the 
 right ninety degrees. The facings are rather difficult and, 
 therefore, must be taught very carefully, but they are of so 
 much value in formations and so convenient in teaching that 
 it is advisable to introduce them early. When le^t and right 
 
42 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 facings are once learned, half and about facings are also 
 learned. 
 
 Leg. Left foot outward — place! Place the left foot diag- 
 onally forward left one and one-half foot lengths; the toes 
 should point in the same direction as in the fundamental 
 standing position. Guard against a twisting of the trunk. 
 
 Head. Head rotation — one! Two! Three! Four! Turn 
 the head to the left on ''one/' to the front on ''two/' to the 
 right on "three/' to the front on "four." 
 
 Arm. Forward — stretch! Stretch the arms directly for- 
 ward, fingers leading, on a height with the shoulders. Care 
 must be taken that the shoulder-blades and the hips are kept 
 back. This movement is very hable to faults and must be 
 watched. 
 
 Back. Trunk forward — bend! Bend the trunk forward 
 from the hips; keep the head well up; the face should be 
 toward the front and not toward the floor. The spine should 
 be straight and the shoulder-blades well back. 
 
 Breathing. Arms — turn! Arms upward — raise! Turn the 
 hands so that the palms are up. This is the starting position 
 for the breathing exercise. Raise the arms directly upward 
 toward the head, at the same time keeping the head well back. 
 
Fig. 8. — Trunk Forward Bend. 
 
 (43) 
 
44 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Left — face ! One ! Two ! 2 side steps to left (right) 
 — march! One! — Two! One! — Two! Right — face! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot hackward-outward — 
 place ! Replace ! Position ! 
 
 Head. Hips — firm! Head to left (right) — hend! Raise! 
 Position ! 
 
 Arm. Anns upward — hend! Backward — stretch! Bend! 
 Stretch! Downward — stretch! One! Two! Fig. 9. 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways — stretch! One! Two! Feet 
 sideways — place! One! Two! Heels — raise! Sink! 
 Feet together — place! One! Two! Position! One! 
 Two! 
 
 Back. Hips — firm! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! Posi- 
 tion! 
 
 Breathing. With palms up, arms sideways — raise! Arms 
 upward raise and knees — hend! Arms sideways sink and 
 knees^stretch ! Repeat! One! Two! Arms downward — 
 sink! 
 
 Order. 2 side steps to left — march! One! — Two! One! — 
 Two! Two side steps to left is done by taking one side step 
 to left twice in succession, counting one, two, one, two or 
 one, two, three, four. 
 
 Leg. Left foot backward-outward — place! Place the left 
 foot diagonally backward one and one-half foot lengths, half 
 way between backward and sideways. Keep the same angle 
 of the feet as in the fundamental standing position. 
 
Fig. 9. — Arms Backward Stretch, 
 
 (45) 
 
46 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Head. Head to left — bend! Slowly bend the head diag- 
 onally to the left without any twisting. The face should look 
 in the same direction as in the starting position. There should 
 be no movement of the shoulders. 
 
 Arm. Arms backward — stretch! Stretch the arms back- 
 ward, fingers leading, wrists straight, arms toward each other. 
 There should be no movement of the head or shoulders. 
 
Fig. 10. — Arms to Star Position Stretch. 
 
 (47) 
 
48 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backioard) — march! One! Two! 
 
 Three! Guide— left (right)! Front! 
 Leg. Hips firm and feet — close ! Left (right) foot forward 
 
 — place! Replace! Hands down and feet — open! or 
 
 Position! 
 Head. Hips — firm! Head to left {right) — hend! Head — 
 
 raise! Position! 
 Arm. Arms upward — hend! Arms to star position — 
 
 stretch! Bend! Stretch! Downward — stretch! Fig. 10. 
 Balance. Arms sideways — stretch! Heels — raise! Sink! 
 
 Arms downward — stretch! or, In two counts — position! 
 Back. Arms forward — hend! Position! Fig. 11. 
 Breathing. With palms up, arms sideways — raise! Arms 
 
 upward and heels — raise! Arms sideways and heels — 
 
 sink! Repeat! One! Two! Arms downward — sink! 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward) — march! One! Two! 
 Three! Place the left foot forward on ''one," the right foot 
 forward on "two," and bring the left foot to the right with the 
 heels together on ''three." 
 
 Guide — left! Turn the head to the left and stand in the 
 same plane as the pupil on the extreme left, or on a line with 
 some indicated object. Front! brings the head again toward 
 the front. This command, or "Guide — front!" maybe given 
 whenever poor alignment niakes it necessary. 
 
 Leg. Hips firm and feet — close! A combined movement 
 of the hands and the feet, taken as a starting position for the 
 
Fig, 11. — Arms Forward Bend. 
 
 4 (49) 
 
50 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 leg movement proper. Both the hands and the feet move 
 together and take but one count. When only one count is 
 required in combinations, the count is omitted, as the word 
 of command is sufficient. 
 
 Left foot forward — place ! Place the left foot directly forward 
 one and one-half foot lengths, keeping the toes pointing for- 
 ward. 
 
 Position ! (Hands down and feet — open !) It is better at first 
 to signify both parts of the body to be moved. Later the 
 word ''position" is sufficient. Hereafter in an exercise when 
 only the word ''position" is used, keep in mind and give a 
 fuller command if necessary. 
 
 Arm. Arms to star position — stretch! Stretch the arms 
 diagonally sideways-upward, keeping the palms toward each 
 other and the arms well back. This position is easier than 
 and preparatory to arm stretching upward. Keep the head 
 
 up- 
 
 Balance. In two counts — position! If "position" is to be 
 taken in two counts, signify this either by some previous 
 direction, or by words of caution, preceding the word of 
 execution. "Position" unqualified brings to the fundamental 
 standing position in the most direct way. For some move- 
 ments the most direct way is in two counts. It is usual to 
 bring back to the fundamental position in the same manner 
 that the exercise was taken, but this is by no means a fixed 
 rule. In the higher grades it is often well to va^y. 
 
 Back. Arms forward — tend! Bend the arms at the elbows 
 to their limit, bringing the arms at the same time up in front 
 of the chest shoulder high, the elbows pointing to the sides 
 and slightly back; the palms should be down, wrists straight, 
 and fingers not touching the opposite hand. The back of the 
 hand should be held so that a marble placed upon it would 
 not roll off. 
 
§m 
 
 Fig. 12. — Arms Upward Stretch. 
 
 (51) 
 
52 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Hdj left (right) — face! One! Two!' 
 
 "Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) toes — raise! Sink! Posi- 
 tion! 
 
 Head. Hips — firm! Head to left (right) — tioist! To left 
 (right) — bend! Raise! Forward — twist! Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward — bend! Slowly upivard — stretch! 
 Bend! Stretch! Downward — stretch! Fig. 12. 
 
 Balance. Hips firm and left foot forward — place ! Heels — 
 raise ! Sink ! Feet — change ! Heels — raise ! Sink ! 
 Position ! 
 
 Back. Arms sideways — fling! Arm rotation — one! Two! 
 Position! 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways-upward — raise ! Sideways- 
 downward — sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Order. Half left — face! One! 7' wo! In the same general 
 way as left and right facings^ half facings are done; the turn, 
 however, is only 45°. 
 
 Leg. Left toes — raise! Raise the toes of the left foot, keep- 
 ing the same angle of the feet, the heels together and firmly 
 on the floor; there should be no unnecessary swaying of the 
 body. 
 
 Head. Head to left — twist! To left — bend! This is a com- 
 bination of a twist and a bend. The rotated head is bent 
 toward the shoulder-blade. 
 
 Arm. Arms upward — stretch! Stretch the arms directly 
 upward; fingers leading. The arms should be perfectly straight 
 
FIRST YEAR 53 
 
 and close to the head, parallel and well back, the palms toward 
 each other. Above all, keep the head up and back. If the 
 arms cannot take the correct position, at the same time keep- 
 ing the desired head position, it is better to sacrifice the posi- 
 tion of the arms rather than that of the head. In this case, 
 allow the pupils to take the star position of the arms, or some 
 variation between it and upward stretch. Later and gradually 
 a more vertical position may be safely demanded. The move- 
 ment should be taken slowly at first. 
 
 Balance. Feet — change! One! Two! Replace the left 
 foot on "one." Place the right foot forward on "two." 
 
 Back. Arms sideways — fling ! Raise the arms sideways as 
 quickly as possible. "Fling" indicates a quick movement. 
 
 Arm rotation — one! Two! Turn the arms with the palms 
 up on "one." Turn the arms to the starting position with 
 palms down on "two." 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways-upward — raise ! On a height 
 with the shoulder, turn the arms, bringing the palms up, but 
 make the turning without any pause at the turning point. 
 
 Sideways-doionward — sink ! On a height with the shoulder, 
 turn the arms, bringing the palms down, which is the reverse 
 of raising the arms. 
 
 Repeat! One! Two! The arms are. raised all the way up 
 on "one," and brought all the way down on "two." 
 
54 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Left {right) — face! Half left (right) — face! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left toes — raise! Alternate toe raising 
 — right! Left! or, one! Two! Toes — sink! Position! 
 
 Head. Hips — firm! Head to left (right) — twist! Back- 
 ivard — hend! Raise! Forward — twist! Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways — stretch! Forward — stretch! Down- 
 ward — stretch ! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm and left foot forward — place ! Heels — 
 raise! S>ink! Feet — change! Resume. Position! 
 
 Back. Arms sideways — fling! Arm circling — one! Two! 
 Position ! 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways-upward— raise ! Arms side- 
 ways-downward — sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Leg. Alternate toe raising — one ! Two ! As the left toes are 
 lowered the right toes are raised, the movement being done in 
 one count. Guard against increasing the rhythm, a tendency 
 especially when the movement is done in series. The normal 
 rhythm is that of marching, but any may be taken, so long 
 as it is kept. 
 
 Head. Head to left — twist! Backward — be7id! This exer- 
 cise combines the head rotation with the backward bend. If 
 the rotation is toward the left, bend the head backward toward 
 the right shoulder. 
 
 Balance. Feet — change! Resume. After the change of 
 feet, the movement proper is to be given in the same way, if a 
 balance^ front or back exercise; in the opposite direction if 
 
FIRST YEAR 55 
 
 a lateral trunk; and the same number of times as in the first 
 starting position. The same rule governs when the start- 
 ing position requires a change of arm position. The word 
 "rcsume^^ always indicates this and refers to the movement 
 proper. 
 
 Back. Arms circling — one! Two! Execute a circling 
 motion with the arms by raising them slightly, carrying them 
 backward and then downward to the starting position. The 
 shoulder-joint is at the apex of the cone described by the arms; 
 the palms remain downward. If a deep breath is taken at the 
 beginning of the movement, they will make nearly the correct 
 motion; they must not be brought forward of or below the 
 starting position. 
 
 In the first nine lessons a special head exercise is introduced, 
 after which it is omitted, but it is advisable to begin all lessons 
 with a backward bending of the head. It is well also to give 
 this movement whenever it is needed throughout the lesson 
 to correct a faulty position of the head. All lateral trunk 
 bendings and twistings may be preceded by head bendings or 
 twistings. 
 
56 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Left {right) about — face! One! Two! 
 
 "Leg. Hips — firm! Alternate heel and toe raising — one! 
 Two ! Three ! Four ! or, Heels — raise ! Sink ! Toes — 
 raise ! Sink ! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward^stretch ! Upward — stretch ! Down- 
 ward — stretch ! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways fling and left (right) foot forward 
 — place! Heels — raise! Sink! Position! 
 
 Front. Hips — firm! Trunk backward — bend! Raise! For- 
 ward — bend! Raise! Position! Fig. 13. 
 
 Back. Arms sideways — raise! Arms — turn! Half side- 
 ways — bend! Position! Fig. 14. 
 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and feet sideways — place ! One ! 
 Two! Trunk to left (right) — bend! Raise! Hands down 
 and feet together — place I One ! Two i or, Position ! One ! 
 Two! Fig. 15. 
 
 Jump. Mark time — mark ! Left ! Right ! or. One ! Two ! 
 Class — halt! One! Two! 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways-upward and heels — raise! 
 Arms and heels — sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Order. Left about — face! One! Two! In the same general 
 way as left and right facings, about facings are done.- The 
 turn is 180° instead of 90°. A httle more time should be 
 allowed between the counts, one and two. than in the 90° 
 turn. 
 
Fig. 13. — Trunk Backward Bend. 
 
 (57) 
 
58 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Leg. Alternate heel and toe raising — one! Two! Three! 
 Four! Raise the heels on "one/' lower them on ''two/' raise 
 the toes on ''three/' lower them on "four." Raising on the 
 heels is more difficult of adjustment than raising on the toes, 
 therefore make the heel raising a little slower and the time of 
 holding the position a little shorter. 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways fling and left foot forward — place ! 
 This is an easy combination; the movement is done with one 
 count. 
 
 Front. Trunk backward — hend! Bend the trunk slightly 
 backward, localizing the bend in the upper part of the back 
 and not in the lower part, where it often happens that there is 
 an excess curve. This exercise is of great value to the upper 
 part of the trunk, where the chest is apt to be flat and the 
 shoulders stooped. The muscles on the front of the body, the 
 abdominal muscles, act as steadying muscles to prevent motion 
 at the waist and hips. They are strengthened and at the same 
 time the internal organs are stimulated. As this is a difficult 
 position, it cannot be held long; especialty is this true in the 
 lower grades. The head should go with the trunk. If the 
 majority of children in the first, or in the second years cannot 
 take this exercise without marked faults, it is better to omit 
 it entirely. In taking it in these grades, there should only be 
 a lifting of the chest and a slight lowering of the shoulders, 
 such as might result from taking a deep breath. 
 
 Back. Arms half sideways — bend! Bend the forearms, mak- 
 ing a right angle at the elbows with the upper arms ; the palms 
 should be facing each other ; the elbows the same height as the 
 shoulders and in the same lateral plane. 
 
 Lateral trunk. Trunk to left — bend! Slowly bend the 
 trunk directly to the left, without any rotation of the shoulders 
 or of the head; the head and shoulders remain in the same 
 relative position to each other as in the fundamental standing 
 position; keep both feet firmly on the floor. The starting 
 position is a combined movement, requiring one count for the 
 hands and two for the feet. 
 
Fig. 14. — Arms Half Sideways Bend. 
 
 (59) 
 
60 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Hips firm and feet sideways — place! Place the left foot to 
 the left on ''one/' place the hands on the hips and the right 
 foot to the right on "two." The rule for "position" has been 
 previously given. 
 
 Jump. Mark time — mark! Left! Right! or, One! Two! 
 Swing the left foot forward from the hip, about one-half the 
 length of the foot and bring back to its original position on 
 " one ;" swing the right in the same way on "two." It is better 
 at first to say "left," "right," rather than "one/* "two/' as 
 this helps the class to keep in step. Always begin marking 
 time and marching with the left foot. Marking time is pre- 
 paratory to marching; it is easier to keep the correct rhythm 
 and also to keep in step than marching. The last is rather 
 difficult for small children. We may get a uniform rhythm, 
 but we must not expect too early a uniform step. 
 
 Class — halt! Better results are obtained when the halt is 
 taken in two counts instead of in one. Especially is this true 
 with the younger classes; it us not such a sudden stop. Two 
 counts are given to end a series and for the same reason. The 
 command' " halt" stops the exercise at once. 
 
 "Mark time" may always follow the jump. It is good 
 training for marching. Marching is not given in these lessons, 
 since there cannot be much variety when the work is done in 
 the classroom. For this reason and because the rooms are so 
 different in construction, the marching may be left to the 
 discretion of the classroom teacher. It is advisable to give 
 marching whenever there is time and where the conditions 
 are such as to allow it. Marching may begin a lesson, while 
 the windows are first opened, or it may follow the jump. A 
 run would be beneficial, but the conditions often make this 
 impossible. The command "Forward — dress!" is given in 
 marching to regulate the distance between the pupils. The 
 arms are raised forward as in "arms forward raise," the tips 
 of the fingers just touching the pupil in front; each pupil 
 stands directly behind the one in front. The command "Take 
 — distance!" is sometimes used. 
 
Fig. 15. — Trunk Sideways Bend. 
 
 (61 ) 
 
62 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Half left {right)— face ! Left {right)— face ! Left 
 
 {right) about — face! 
 Leg. Neck firm and feet sideways — place ! One ! Two ! 
 
 Knees — hend ! Stretch I Hands down and feet together — 
 
 place! One! Two! or, Position! One! Two! 
 Arm. Arms sideways and downioard — stretch ! One ! — Two ! 
 
 One! — Two! Repeat! One! etc. By flinging, arms — 
 
 change ! Change ! 
 Balance. Hips firm and left foot outward — place ! Heels — 
 
 raise! Sink! Feet — change! Resume„ Position! 
 Front. Hips firm and feet sideways — place! Trunk 
 
 backward — bend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward — 
 
 bend! Raise f 
 Back. AVith palms up, arms sideways — fling! Half side- 
 ways — bend! Sideways — fling! Bend! Fling! Position! 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and feet sideways — place! 
 
 Trunk to left {right) — twist! Forward — twist! Position! 
 Jump. Prepare to jump — one! Tivo! Three! Four! 
 
 (Heels raise, knees bend, stretch, heels sink.) 
 Breathing. Arms forward — raise! Sink! Repeat! One! 
 
 Two! Fig. 7. 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways and downward — stretch! This is a 
 combined movement in two directions, both arms being 
 extended in like directions at the same time. 
 
 By flinging, arms — change ! Change ! On the first ''change," 
 the arms are quickly raised sideways; on the second, they are 
 
FIRST YEAR 63 
 
 quickly lowered. The counts ''one," 'Hwo" following the 
 word ''repeat" may be used. 
 
 Back. Sideways — fling! Straighten the arms quickly to 
 the starting position, being careful not to bring them below 
 the shoulder level. 
 
 Lateral trunk. Trunk to left— twist! Twist the trunk 
 slowly toward the left, localizing the movement in the spine. 
 Keep the legs and hips still and the head and shoulders in the 
 same relative position to each other as in the fundamental 
 standing position. 
 
64 GYMNASTIC EXEPvCISES 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Left — face! 1 side step to left (right), 1 side step 
 
 to right ( left) — march ! One ! — Two ! One ! — Tioo I Right 
 
 — face ! 
 Leg. Hips firm and feet sideways — place! Heels — raise! 
 
 Sink ! Position ! 
 Arm. Arms sideways and forward — stretch! By flinging, 
 
 arms — change! Change! In two counts — position! 
 Balance. Neck firm and left (right) foot outward — place! 
 
 Heels — raise! Sink! Feet — change! Resume. Posi- 
 tion! 
 Front. Hips firm and feet — close! Trunk backward — • 
 
 bend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 Back. Arms forward — bend! Half sideways — move! Hands 
 
 — turn ! Position ! 
 Lateral trunk. Hips— firm! Trunk to left {right) — bend! 
 
 Raise! Position! 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Prepare to jump — one! Two! Three! 
 
 Four ! 
 Breathing. Arms forward raise and knees — bend! Arms 
 
 sink and knees — stretch! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Order. 1 side step to left, 1 side step to right — march! This 
 is a combination of side steps. These combined movements 
 are excellent order exercises, but cannot be taken until the 
 single movements have become familiar. In all order exer- 
 cises of this class a more uniform class rhythm is secured if 
 
FIRST YEAR 65 
 
 the heels are brought together with a sUght accent. All com- 
 bined movements in this class may first be given by separate 
 command. Do not keep the class too long on order exercises. 
 
 Arm. By flinging, arms — change! Change! When the arms 
 are sideways the palms should be down, and toward each 
 other when the arms are forward. 
 
 Back. Half sideways — move! Move the forearms sideways 
 until there is a right angle with the upper arm at the elbow, 
 palms down. 
 
 Hands — turn ! Turn the hands so that the palms are toward 
 each other. This is the position of ''arms half forward 
 bend.". 
 
66 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Left — face! 2 side steps to left (right), 2 side steps 
 to right (left) — march! One! Two! Three! Four! etc. 
 
 Leg. Hips firm and feet sideways — place ! Heels — raise ! 
 Knees — hend! Stretch! Heels — sink! Repeat! One! 
 Two! Three! Four! Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways and backward — stretch ! By flinging, 
 arms — change! Change! Position! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways fling and left (right) foot out- 
 ward — place! Heels — raise! Sink! Position! 
 
 Front. Hips firm and feet — close ! Trunk backward — bend! 
 Raise! Position! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half sideways — bend! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Hips — firm! Trunk to left (right) — twist! 
 Forward — twist ! Position ! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place — one! Two! Three- four! Five! 
 Six! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward and heels — raise! Arms and 
 heels — sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Leg. Knees — bend! Be careful to keep the trunk erect and 
 the knees apart. 
 
 Jump. Jump in place — one! Two! Three- four! Five! 
 Sioc! Raise the heels on ''one/' bend the knees on "two/' 
 quickly extend the knees and ankles and jump quickly upward, 
 landing in the same place with the knees bent and the heels 
 
FIRST YEAR 67 
 
 raised on ''three-four/' stretch the knees on ''five/'^ lower the 
 heels on "six." A pause after '' three-four" must be given of 
 sufficient length to allow a good form and steady balance 
 before the knees are stretched. 
 
68 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER, 
 
 Order. Left — face! 2 side steps to left (right), 1 side step 
 to right (left) — march! One! Two! Three! Four! One! 
 Two! Right— face! 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Kiiees — bend! Stretch! Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways and star position — stretch ! By fling- 
 ing, arms — change! Position! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm and feet — close! Heels — raise! Sink! 
 Position t 
 
 Front. Neck — firm! Trunk backward — bend! Raise! 
 Position'" Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half sideways — bend! Arm rotation — one! 
 Two! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and left foot forward — place! 
 Trunk to left — bend! Raise! Feet — change! Resume. 
 Position ! 
 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Alternate upward bending of knees — 
 — one! Two! Three! Four! Position! Mark time — 
 mark! 
 
 Breathings Arms forward — raise! Upward — raise! For- 
 ward — sink ! Arm raising upward — one ! Two ! Arms 
 downward — sink ! 
 
 Leg. Knees — bend! Keep the knees turned out and the 
 feet firmly upon the floor. 
 
 Arm. Arms — change! In changing, the hands are changed 
 from palms up to palms down. 
 
FIRST YEAR 69 
 
 Back. Arm rotation — one! Two! Rotate the arms, using 
 the shoulder-joints as pivots of motion. The relative position 
 of the hand, the forearm, and the upper arm remains the same. 
 Keep the elbows well up. The arms are brought to the position 
 of " arms half forward bend " on " one," and to '^ half side- 
 ways bend," or the starting position, on " two." This is a 
 hard movement for small children, and may be omitted. 
 
 Jump. Alternate upward bending of knees — one! 7\vo! 
 Three ! Four ! Bend the left knee up as far as possible without 
 bending the trunk, on " one," replace on " two," right the 
 same on " three " and " four." 
 
70 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward), 1 step backward (for- 
 ward) — march ! One ! — Two ! One ! — Two ! 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Heels — raise! Knees — bend! Stretch! 
 Heels — sink ! Position ! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways and upward — stretch! By flinging, 
 arms — change! Change! Position! 
 
 Balance. Neck firm and feet — close ! Heels — Raise! Sink! 
 Position ! 
 
 Front. Neck firm and feet sideways — place ! Trunk back- 
 ward — bend! Raise! Forward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half forward — be7id! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and left foot outward — place! 
 Trunk to left — twist! Forward — twist! Feet — change! 
 Resume. Position ! 
 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Left knee upward — bend! Alternate 
 knee upward bending — one ! — Two ! One ! — Two ! Foot — 
 replace ! Position ! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward — raise ! Arms upward raise and 
 knees — bend! Arms forward sink and knees — stretch! 
 Repeat! One! Two! Arms downward — sink! 
 
 Arm. Arms — change! In changing, the hands are turned 
 from palms down to palms toward each other. 
 
 Jump. Left knee upward — bend ! Bend the knee as in the 
 previous lesson. 
 
FIRST DAY 71 
 
 Alternate knee upward bending — one! — Two! The left foot 
 is brought clown and, as it touches the floor, the right knee is 
 bent; this is done in one count. On the second count, the 
 reverse takes place. Guard against unnecessary motion of 
 the body. 
 
SECOND YEAR. 
 
 The Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, 
 Fourteenth, and the Fifteenth Days' 
 Orders of the First Year become the 
 First, Second, Third, Fourth, and the 
 Fifth of the Second Year. 
 
 (73) 
 
SECOND YEAR 75 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 2 steps backward (for- 
 ward) — march! 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Heels — raise! Knees — bend! Deep — 
 
 bend! Knees — stretch! Heels — sink! Position! 
 Arm. Arms forward and backward — stretch! By flinging, 
 
 arms — change! Change! Position! 
 Balance. Arms sideways fling and feet — close! Heels — 
 
 raise! Sink! Position! 
 Front. Neck firm and left (right) foot forward — place! 
 
 Trunk backward — bend! Raise! Feet — chsingel Resume. 
 
 Position! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 Back. Arms half forward — bend! Arm rotation — one! Two! 
 
 Position ! 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and feet — close! Trunk to left 
 
 (right) — bend! Raise! Position! 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Heels — raise! Quick time — mark! 
 
 Left! Right! or, One! Two! Class— halt! One! Two! 
 
 Three! Four! Heels — sink! Position! 
 Breathing. Arms forward — raise ! Arms upward raise arid 
 
 knees — bend! Arms forward sink and knees — stretch! 
 
 Repeat! One! Two! Arms downward — sink! 
 
 Leg. Deep — bend! Slowly bend the knees to the most 
 acute angle possible, at the same time keeping the trunk erect 
 and a good balance. 
 
76 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Balance. Heels — raise! The feet should remain parallel. 
 
 Back. Arm rotation — one! Two! This is the reverse of 
 the movement in the preceding lesson. 
 
 Jump. Quick time — mark! Quick time is done on the toes ; 
 it is running without gaining ground and is a good preparation 
 for running. The foot is raised behind, with the knee bent at 
 about right angles. 
 
 Class — halt! One! Two! Three! Four! Stop upon the 
 toes at the fourth count and hold the position until the com- 
 mand to lower the heels is given. 
 
SECOND YEAR 77 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 1 step backward (for- 
 ward) — march! One! Two! Three! One! Two! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm and left (right) foot forward — place ! Knees 
 — bend! Stretch! Feet — change! Resume. Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward and downward — stretch ! By flinging, 
 arms — change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Hips firm and feet — close! Left foot forward — 
 place! Heels — raise! Sink! Feet — change! Resume. 
 Foot — replace ! Position ! 
 
 Front. Neck firm and feet — close! Trunk backward — bend! 
 Raise! Position! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Left arm half forward — bend ! Right arm half side- 
 ways — bend! Arm rotation — one! Two! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and feet — close! Trunk to left 
 (right) — twist! Forward — twist! Position! 
 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Heels — raise! Spring jump — go! 
 One!— Two! One!— Two! Class— halt! One! Two! 
 Three! Four! Heels — sink! Position! Mark time — 
 mark! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward-upward — raise! Forward-down- 
 ward — sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Balance. Feet — change! The feet should remain parallel. 
 
 Back. Arm rotation — one! Two! The left arm is rotated 
 
 to the half sideways bend position, the right to the half for- 
 
78 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 ward bend position on "one/' the second count brings back 
 to the starting position. 
 
 Jump. Spring jump — go ! is a succession of jumps on the 
 toes with a very shght bending of the knees. The rhythm is 
 quicker than in marking time. In all jumps land upon the 
 toes. 
 
 Class — halt! Immediately upon the halt, the knees are 
 stretched. This is only true in the spring jumps, not in others. 
 
SECOND YEAR 79 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face right (left) — march! One! Two! 
 
 One! Two! 
 Leg. Neck firm and left foot forward — place! Heels — 
 
 raise! Sink! Feet — change! Resume. Position! 
 Arm. Arms forward and sideways — stretch! By flinging, 
 
 arms — change! Change! Position! 
 Balance. Neck firm and feet — close! Left foot forward — 
 
 place! Heels — raise! Sink! Feet — change! Resume. 
 
 Foot — replace ! Position ! 
 Front. Neck firm and feet — close! Left foot forward — 
 
 place! Trunk backward — hend! Raise! Feet — change! 
 
 Resume. Foot — replace! Position! Trunk forward — 
 
 bend! Raise! 
 Back. Arms^ forward — bend! Sideways — fling! Bend! 
 
 Position ! 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and feet — close! Left foot for- 
 ward — place! Trunk to left — hend! Raise! Feet — change! 
 
 Resume. Foot— replace ! Position ! 
 Jump. Neck — firm! Heels — raise! Spring jump — go! 
 
 Class — halt! Heels — sink! Position! 
 Breathing. Arms forward-upward raise and knees — hend! 
 
 Arms forward-downward' sink and knees — stretch! Re- 
 peat! One! Two] 
 
80 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left {right), face half right (left) — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm and left foot forward — place! Heels — 
 raise! Knees — hend! Stretch! Heels — sink! Feet — 
 change ! Resume. Position ! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward and upward — stretch! By flinging, 
 arms — change! Change! Position! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways fling and feet — close! Left foot 
 forward — place! Heels — raise! Sink! Arms — position! 
 Foot — replace! Arms sideways fling and right foot for- 
 ward — place! Resume. Foot — replace! Position! 
 
 Front. Arms sideways — raise! Trunk backward — bend! 
 Raise! Arms — sink! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half sideways — bend! Sideways — fling! Bend! 
 Position ! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Hips firm and feet — close! Left foot for- 
 ward — place! Trunk to left — twist! Forward — twist! Feet 
 — change! Resume. Foot — replace! Position! 
 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Heels — raise! Spring jump 4 (8) 
 counts — go! Heels — sink! Position! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward-upward and heels — raise! Arins 
 forward-downward and heels — sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Back. Sideways — fling! Bend! In the extended position 
 the palms should be down; in the bent position, toward each 
 other. 
 
SECOND YEAR 81 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left {right) about, face right (left) about — 
 march! 
 
 Leg. Neck firm and left foot outward — place! Knees — 
 bend! Stretch! Feet — change! Resume. Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms upiuard and downward — stretch! By flinging, 
 arms — change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) knee backward — bend! 
 Foot — replace! Position! 
 
 Front. Arms sideways stretch and feet sideways — place! 
 One! Two! Trunk backward — bend! Raise! Arms down- 
 ward stretch and feet together — place! or, Position! 
 Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half forward — bend! Sideivays — fling! . Bend! 
 Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm and feet sideways — place ! Trunk 
 to left (right) — bend! Raise! Position! 
 
 Jump. Left — face! Hips — firm! Heels — raise! Spring 
 jump sideways left (right) 4 (8) counts — go! Heels — 
 sink! Position! Right — face! Mark time — mark! 
 
 Breathing. Arm circumduction — one! Tioo! (Forward- 
 upward raise, sideways-downward sink.) Repeat! One! 
 Two! 
 
 Balance. Left knee backward — bend! Raise the foot with 
 extended instep backward, until there is a right angle at the 
 knee-joint. There should be no movement above the knee. 
 
82 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Front. Arms sideways stretch and feet sideways — place! 
 One! Two! Bend the arms upward and place the left foot 
 sideways on "one/' stretch the arms sideways and place the 
 right foot sideways on "two." 
 
 Breathing. Arm circumduction — one! Two! Raise the 
 arms forward- upward on "one," lower sideways- downward 
 on "two." 
 
SECOND YEAR 83 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 1 side step to left (right) — march! 
 
 One! Two! One! Two! 1 side step to right (left), face 
 
 right (left) — march! Guide — front! 
 Leg. Hips firm and left foot outward — place! Heels — 
 
 raise! Sink! Feet — change! Resume. Position! 
 Arm. Arms upward and sideways — stretch! Repeat! By 
 
 flinging, arms — change! Change! Position! 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) knee backward — hend! 
 
 Leg backward — stretch! Bend! Foot — replace! Position! 
 
 Fig. 16. 
 Front. Arms sideways fling and left (right) foot forward 
 
 ^place! Trunk backward — bend! Raise! Arms sideways 
 
 fling and feet — change! Resume. Position! Trunk for- 
 ward — bend! Raise! 
 Back. Arms forward — fling! Sideways — fling! Forward — 
 
 move! Fling! Position! 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm and feet sideways — place ! Trunk 
 
 to left (right) — twist! Forward — twist! Position! 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Heels — raise! Spring jump forward 
 
 (backward), 4 counts — go! Heels — sink! Position! 
 Breathing. Arm circumduction with knee bending and 
 
 stretching — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Balance. Leg backward — stretch! Stretch the leg back- 
 ward with the knee and the ankle extended, keeping the trunk 
 erect and the chest arched. 
 
Fig. 16.— Leg Backward Stretch. Leg Backward Raise. 
 (84) 
 
SECOND YEAR 85 
 
 Front. Arms sideways fling and feet — change! Bring the 
 arms down and replace the foot on the first count, fling the 
 arms to the side and advance the opposite foot on the second. 
 
 Back. Sideways — fling! Turn the arms so that the pahns 
 are down in the side position and toward each other in the 
 forward position. 
 
86 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left {right), 1 side step to right (left) — march! 
 
 1 side step to left (right), face right (left) — march! 
 Leg. Hips firm and left foot outward — place! Heels — raise! 
 
 Knees — hend! Stretch! Heels — sink! Feet — change! 
 
 Resume. Position! 
 Arm. Arms upward and forward — stretch! By flinging, arms 
 
 — change! Change! Position! 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise ! Left (right) knee backward 
 
 — hend! Leg backward — stretch! Bend! Stretch! Position! 
 Front. Arms sideways fling and feet — close! Trunk back- 
 ward — bend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward — bend! 
 
 Raise ! 
 Back. Left (right) arm sideways — fling ! By flinging, arms 
 
 — change! Change! Position! 
 Lateral trunk. Neck— firm! Trunk to left (right) — bend! 
 
 Raise! Position! 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Heels — raise! Facing 180° left (right), 
 
 4: counts, spring jump — go! Heels — sink! Position! 
 Breathing. Arm circumduction with heel raising and sinking 
 
 — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Back. Arms — change! At the same time that the left arm 
 is lowered, the right arm is raised, the movement taking place 
 on the word "change." 
 
SECOND YEAR 87 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 2 side steps to left (right) — march! 
 
 2 side steps to right (left), face right (left) — march! 
 Leg. Neck firm and left foot backward — place! Knees — 
 
 hend! Stretch! Feet — change! Resume. Position! 
 Arm. Arms upward and backward — stretch! By flinging, 
 
 arms — change! Change! Position! 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) leg sideways — raise! 
 
 Sink! Position! Fig. 17. 
 Front. Arms sideways fling and feet — close! Left foot 
 
 forward — place! Trunk backward — bend! Raise! Arms 
 
 sideways fling and feet — change! Resume. Foot — 
 
 replace! Position! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 Back. Left arm forward — bend! Right arm sideways — 
 
 fling! Arms — change! Change! Position! 
 Lateral trunk. Neck — firm! Trunk to left (right) — twist! 
 
 Forward — twist ! Position ! 
 Jump. Hips firm and feet sideways — place ! Heels — raise ! 
 
 Change from feet together, spring jump — go! Class — 
 
 halt! Heels — sink! Position! 
 Breathing. Arm circumduction with heel raising and knee 
 
 bending, knee stretching and heel sinking — one! Two! 
 
 Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Balance. Left leg sideways — raise! Raise the extended 
 leg directly to the side, keeping the ankle well extended and 
 the body erect. - 
 
Fig. 17. — Leg Sideways Raise. 
 
 (88) 
 
SECOND YEAR 89 
 
 Jump. Change from feet together, spring jump — go! Bring 
 the heels together in the position of heels raise, on the 
 first count; jump to the starting position with the feet apart 
 on the second count. There should be only a slight bending 
 of the knees. Halt with the heels raised and with the feet 
 apart. 
 
 Breathing. Arm circumduction ivith heel raising and knee 
 bending, knee stretching and heel sinking — one! Two! The 
 arms and heels are raised and the knees bent on "one," the 
 knees are stretched and the arms and heels are lowered on 
 'Hwo." 
 
90 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 2 side steps to right (left) — march! 
 
 2 side steps to left (right), face right (left) — march! 
 Leg. Neck firm and left foot backward — place! Heels — 
 
 raise! Sink! Feet — change! Resume. Position: 
 Arm. Arm stretching downward in series — stretch! One! — 
 
 Two! One!— Two! etc. Class— halt! One! Two! 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) leg sideways — raise! 
 
 Sink! Hips — firm! Left (right) leg sideways — raise! Right 
 
 (left) knee — bend! Stretch! Leg — sink! Position f 
 Front. Arms forward — bendf Trunk backward — bend! 
 
 Raise! Position! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 Back. Left arm half sideways — bend ! Right arm sideways 
 
 — fling f Arms — change! Change! Position! 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm and left foot forward — place! 
 
 Trunk to left—bend! Raise! Feet — change! Resume. 
 
 Position! 
 Jump. Neck firm and feet sideways — place! Heels — raise! 
 
 Change from feet together, spring jump — go!^ Class — 
 
 halt! Heels — sink! Position! 
 Breathing. Arms sideways-upward raise, heels raise ' and 
 
 knees — bend! Arms sideways-downward sink, knees 
 
 stretch and heels — sink! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Arm. Arm stretching downward in series — stretch! Insist 
 upon a good bend position in all series work in arm exten- 
 sions. Do not allow a faster rhythm than is consistent with 
 good form. 
 
SECOND YEAR 91 
 
 Balance. Right knee — hend! Slightly bend the knee of 
 the stationary leg. The raised leg should be kept straight. 
 
 Breathing. Repeat! One! Two! The arms and heels are 
 raised and the knees are bent on ''one/' the knees are stretched 
 and the arms and heels lowered on ''two." 
 
92 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward), face left (right) — march! 
 Face right (left), 1 step backward (forward) — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm and left foot backward — place! Heels — 
 raise! Knees — bend! Stretch! Heels — sink! Feet — 
 change ! Resume. Position ! 
 
 Arm. Arm stretching sideways in series — stretch! Class — 
 halt! Position! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise! Left (right) leg sideways 
 — raise! Sink! Neck — firm! Left (right) leg sideways — 
 raise! Right (left) knee — bend! Stretch! Leg — sink! Posi- 
 tion! 
 
 Front. Arms forward bend and feet sideways — place! 
 Trunk backward — bend! Raise! Position! Trunk for- 
 ward — bend ! Raise ! 
 
 Back. Left arm half forward — bend! Right arm sideways 
 — fling! Arms — change! Change! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm and left foot outward — place! 
 Trunk to left — twist! Forward — twist! Feet — change! 
 Resume. Position ! 
 
 Jump. Hips — firm i Heels — raise ! Change to feet sideways, 
 spring jump — go! Class — halt! Heels — sink! Position! 
 Mark time — mark! 
 
 Breathing. Neck — firm! Arms sideways — move! Neck — 
 firm! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
THIRD YEAR. 
 
 The Eleventh, . Twelfth, Thirteenth, 
 Fourteenth, and the Fifteenth Days' 
 Orders of the Second Year become 
 the First, Second, Third, Fourth, and 
 the Fifth of the Third Year. 
 
 (93) 
 
THIRD YEAR 95 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (hackivard), face left (right) — march! 
 Face right (left), 2 steps hackioard (forward) — march! 
 
 "Leg. Hips firm and left foot backward-outward — place! 
 Knees — hend! Stretch! Feet — change! Resume. Posi- 
 tion! 
 
 Arm. Arm stretching forward in series — stretch! Class — 
 halt! Position! 
 
 Balance.. Hips — firm! Left (right) leg forward — raise! Sink! 
 Position! Fig. 18. 
 
 Front. Arms forward bend and left foot forward — place! 
 Trunk backward — hend! Raise! Feet — change! Resume. 
 Position! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Left arm half forward — bend ! Right arm forward — 
 bend! By flinging, arms — change! Change! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm and feet — close ! Trunk to left 
 (right) — hend! Raise! Position! 
 
 Jump. Neck — firm! Heels — raise! Change to feet side- 
 ways, spring jump — go! Class — halt! Heels — sink! 
 Position! Mark time — mark! Class — halt! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward — bend' Sideways — move! Bend! 
 Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Arm. Class — halt! is always given to end a series, even 
 when not so indicated in the exercises. 
 
Fig. 18. — Leg Forward Raise. 
 
 (96) 
 
THIRD YEAR 97 
 
 Balance. Left leg fonvard — raise! Raise the extended leg 
 directly forward, with instep extended and toes turned out; 
 keep the body erect. 
 
 Jump. Change to feet sideways, spring jump — go! This 
 is the reverse of the jump in the Third Day's Order. 
 
GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left {right) about, 1 steip forward {backward) — 
 
 march! Face right {left) about, 1 steip backward {forward) 
 
 — march! 
 Leg. Neck firm and left foot backward-outward — place! 
 
 Heels — raise! Sink! Feet — change l Resume. Position! 
 Arm. Arm stretching backward in series — stretch! Position! 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left {right) leg forward — raise! 
 
 Sink! Hips — firm! Left {right) leg forward — raise! Right 
 
 {left) knee — bend! Stretch! Leg — sink! Position! 
 Front. Arms forward bend and feet — close! Trunk back- 
 ward — bend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward — bend! 
 
 Raise ! 
 Back. Left arm half sideways — bend ! Right arm forward 
 
 — bend! Slowly, arms — change! Change! Position! 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm and feet — clos§! Trunk to left 
 
 {right) — twist! Forward — twist! Position! 
 Jump. Hips firm and left foot forward — place! Heels — 
 
 raise! Change of feet, spring jump — go! Class — halt! 
 
 Heels — sink ! Position ! 
 Breathing. Arms forward — bend! Arms sideways move 
 
 and knees — bend! Arms bend and knees — stretch! Repeat! 
 
 One! Two! Position! 
 
THIRD YEAR 99 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right) about, 2 steps forward (backward) — 
 inarch! Face right (left) about, 2 steps backward {forward) 
 — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips firm and left foot backward-outward — place! 
 Heels — raise! Knees — bend! Stretch! Heels — sink! Feet 
 — change ! Resume. Position ! 
 
 Arm. Arm stretching upward in series — stretch! Position! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise! Left (right) leg forivard 
 — raise! Sink! Neck — firm! Left (right) leg forward — 
 raise! Right (left) knee — bend! Stretch! Leg — sink! Posi- 
 tion! 
 
 Front. Arms forward bend and feet — close! Left foot 
 forward — place! Trunk backward — bend! Raise! Feet 
 — change! Resume. Foot — replace! Position! Trunk 
 forward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half forward — bend! Slowly, arms forward 
 — stretch! Half — bend! Repeat! One! Two! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Neck firm and feet — close! Left foot 
 forward — place! Trunk to left — bend! Raise! Feet — 
 change! Resume. Foot — replace! Position! 
 
 Jump. Neck firm and left foot forward — place! Heels — 
 raise! Change of feet, spring jump — go! Class — halt! 
 Heels — sink! Position! 
 
100 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward — bend! Arms sideways move 
 and heels — raise! Arms hend and heels — sink! Repeat! 
 One! Two! Position! 
 
 Front. Feet — change! The feet should remain parallel. 
 Back. Half — hend! Bring the shoulder-blades well back; 
 keep the head up. , 
 
THIRD YEAR 101 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward), face left {right) about — 
 
 march! 1 step backward (forward), face right (left) about 
 
 — march! 
 Leg. Hips firm and feet — close! Left foot forward — 
 
 place! Knees — bend! Stretch! Feet — change! Resume. 
 
 Foot — replace ! Position ! 
 Arm. Arms upward — bend! Left arm sideways, right 
 
 arm downward — stretch! Arms — change! One! Two! 
 
 In series — change! Class — halt! ^ By flinging, arms — 
 
 change! Change! Position! 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) leg backward — raise! 
 
 Sink! Position! Fig. 16. 
 Front. Arms half sideways — bend! Trunk backward — 
 
 bend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 Back. Arms half sideways — bend! Slowly, arms upward 
 
 — stretch! Half — bend! Position! 
 Lateral trunk. Left hip, right neck — firm! Trunk to left 
 
 — bend! Raise! Hands — change! To right — bend! 
 
 Raise! Position! 
 Jump. Hips firm and feet — close! Left foot forward — 
 
 place! Heels — raise! Change of feet, spring jump — go! 
 
 Class — halt! Heels — sink! Foot — replace! Position! 
 
 Mark time — mark! 
 Breathing. Arms forward — raise! Sideways^move! For- 
 ward — move! Repeat! One! Two! Arms — sink! 
 
102 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Arm. Arms — change! One! Two! Bend the arms on 
 ''one," stretch the left arm downward and the right arm side- 
 ways on "two." 
 
 By flinging, arms — change! Lower the right arm and raise 
 the left on the word ''change." 
 
 Balance. Left leg backward — raise! Raise the leg directly 
 backward, keeping the instep well extended, the body erect 
 and the chest arched. 
 
THIRD YEAR 103 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), face left {right) about — 
 
 march! 2 steps backward {forward), face right (left) about 
 
 — march! 
 Leg. Neck firm and feet — close! Left foot forward — 
 
 place! Heels — raise! Sink! Feet — change! Resume. 
 
 Foot — repl ace ! Position ! 
 Arm. Arms upward — bend ! Left arm sideways, right arm 
 
 forward — stretch! Arms — change! In series — change! 
 
 By flinging, arms — change! Change! Position! 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left {right) leg backward — raise! 
 
 Sink! Hips — firm! Left {right) leg backward — raise! 
 
 Right {left) knee — bend! Stretch! Leg — sink! Position! 
 Front. Arms half sideways bend and feet sidewaj^s — 
 
 place! Trunk backward — bend! Raise! Position! Trunk 
 
 forward — bend ! Raise ! 
 Back. Left arm half forward — bend! Right arm forward 
 
 — fling! Slowly, arms — change! Change! Position! 
 Lateral trunk. Left hip, right neck — firm ! Trunk to left — 
 
 twist! Forward — twist! Hands — change! Resume. Posi- 
 tion ! 
 Jump. Neck firm and f eet^close ! Left foot forward — 
 
 place! Heels — raise! Change of feet, spring jump — go! 
 
 Class — halt! Heels — sink! Foot — replace! Position! 
 Breathing. Arms forward — raise! Arms sideways move 
 
 and knees — bend! Arms forward move and knees — stretch! 
 
 Repeat! One! Two! Arms^sink! 
 
104 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face half left (right) — march! Face 
 half right (left), face right (left) — march! 
 
 Leg. Feet — close! Hips firm and left foot forward — 
 place! Heels — raise! Knees — hend! Stretch! Heels — 
 sink! Feet — change! Resume^ Foot — replace! Position! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward — bend ! Left arm sideways, right arm 
 backward — stretch! Arms — change! In series — change! 
 By flinging, arms — change! Change! Position! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise! Left (right) leg backward 
 — raise! Sink! Neck — firm! Left (right) leg backward — 
 raise! Right (left) knee — bend! Stretch! Leg — sink! 
 Position ! 
 
 Front. Arms half sideways bend and left (right) foot 
 forward — place! Trunk backward — -bend! Raise! Posi- 
 tion! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Left arm upward — stretch! Right arm half side- 
 ways — bend! Arms — change! Change! Position! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left hip, right neck firm and left foot for- 
 ward — place! Trunk to left — bend! Raise! Hands and 
 feet — change ! Resume. Position ! 
 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Left — face! Left foot touch step 
 sideways — place! Change of feet, spring jump — go! 
 Class — halt! Position! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward — raise! Arms sideways move 
 and heels — raise! Arms forward move and heels — sink! 
 Repeat! One! Two! Arms— sink! 
 
THIRD YEAR 105 
 
 Jump. Left foot touch step sideways — place! Place the 
 left foot directly to the side with the instep extended and the 
 toes touching the floor: the weight of the body is upon the 
 stationary foot. 
 
 Change of feet, spring jump — go! Quickly bring the left 
 foot up to the original position, landing upon the toes, and at 
 the same time swing the right foot to the position of touch 
 step right. Class — halt! Halt with one foot in the touch step 
 position, and the weight upon the opposite foot. Two counts 
 are given for the halt. 
 
 The class must be brought to the fundamental standing 
 position at the end of each class of exercises and before giving 
 the rest position. When this is not indicated in the lessons by 
 the word '^ position" or by some other command, it is under- 
 stood, and must be given by the teacher. 
 
106 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face half right (left) — march! Face 
 
 half left (right), face right (left) — march! 
 Leg, Neck — firm! Left foot placing sideways in series — 
 
 go! Class — halt! Right the same — go! Class — halt! 
 
 Alternate left and right — go! Class — halt! 
 Arm. Arms upward — bend ! Left arm sideways, right arm 
 
 upward — stretch! Change! In series — change! By fling- 
 ing, arms — change! Change! 
 Balance. Hips firm and feet — close! Left (right) leg for- 
 warder aise! Sink! 
 Front. Arms half sideways bend and feet — close! Trunk 
 
 backward — bend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward — 
 
 bend ! Raise ! 
 Back. Left arm upward — bend! Slowly, arms — change! 
 
 Change! ^ 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left hip, right neck firm and left foot 
 
 outward — place! Trunk to left — twist! Forward — twist! 
 
 Hands and feet — change! Resume. 
 Jump. Neck — firm! Left foot touch step sideways— 
 
 place! Change of feet, spring jump — go! Class — halt! 
 
 Position! Mark time! mark! 
 Breathing. Arms upward — bend! Slowly sideways — 
 
 stretch! Bend! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Leg. Left foot placing sideways in series — go! The weight 
 should be distributed equally between both feet, each time the 
 
THIRD YEAR 107 
 
 foot is placed sideways. For this reason, do not make the 
 rhythm too fast. The right must be placed to the side as 
 many times as the left. In alternate placing, the feet are 
 brought together on the even counts ; place the left to the side 
 on ''one," replace on ''two," etc. Give a shght accent with 
 the foot in all foot placings in series. This helps to keep a 
 uniform class rhythm. 
 
 Back. Slowhj, arms — change! The left arm is stretched to 
 the side, while the right arm is bent. 
 
10.8 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left {right), face left {right) about—march! 
 
 Face right {left) about, face right {left) — march! 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left foot ^placing sideways with heel 
 
 raising in series — go! One! Two! Three! Four! Etc. 
 
 Class — halt! Right the same — go! Alternate left and 
 
 right— go! One! Two! Three! Four! The same left 
 
 with heel raising and knee bending — go! One! Two! 
 
 Three! Four! Five! Six! Etc. Right the same — go! 
 
 Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms upward — bend ! Left arm forward, right arm 
 
 backward — stretch! Change! In series — change! By 
 
 flinging, arms — change! Change! 
 Balance. Neck firm and feet — close! Left {right) leg for- 
 ward — raise! Sink! Hips — firm! Left {right) leg forward 
 
 — raise! Right {left) knee — bend! Stretch! Leg — sink! 
 Front. Feet — close! Arms half sideways bend and left 
 
 (right) foot forward — place! Trunk backward — bend! 
 
 Raise! Foot — replace! Position! Trunk forward — bend! 
 
 Raise ! 
 Back. Left arm upward — bend! Right arm forward — 
 
 fling! Slowly, arms — change! Change! 
 Lateral trunk. Left hip, right neck firm and feet — close ! 
 
 Trunk to left — bend! Raise! Hands — change! Resume. 
 
 Foot — replace ! 
 
THIRD YEAR 109 
 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Left foot cross-step position — place! 
 
 Heels — raise! Change of feet, spring jump — go! Class — 
 
 halt! Heels — sink! 
 Breathing. Arms upward — bend! Arms sideways stretch 
 
 and knees — hend! Arms bend and knees — stretch! Repeat! 
 
 One! Two! 
 
 Leg. Left foot placing sideways with heel raising in series — 
 go! One! Two! Three! Four! Place the left foot side- 
 ways on ^^one/' raise the heels on "two/' lower the heels on 
 ''three/' replace the foot on ''four." The same left loith heel 
 raising and knee bending — go! One! Etc. Place the left 
 foot sideways on "one/' raise the heels on "two/' bend the 
 knees on "three/' stretch the knees on "four/' lower the heels 
 on "five/' replace the foot on "six." Be careful to keep the 
 weight between both feet. Accent as the foot is placed side- 
 ways. This is the rule in all foot placings in series. 
 
 Jump. Left foot cross step position — place ! Place the left 
 foot in front and a little to the right of the right foot. Halt in 
 cross step position with the heels raised. 
 
110 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face right (left) about — march! 
 
 Face left (right) about, face right (left) — march! 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left foot placing forward in series — 
 
 go! Right the same — go! Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms upward— bend ! Left arm forward, right arm 
 
 downward — stretch! Arms — change! In series — change! 
 
 By flinging, arms — change! Change! 
 Balance. Arms sideways fling and feet — close! Left (right) 
 
 leg forward — raise! Sink! Neck — firm! Left (right) leg 
 
 forward — raise! Right (left) knee — bend! Stretch! Leg — 
 
 sink! 
 Front. Arms half forward — bend! Trunk backward — 
 
 bend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 Back. Left arm upward — bend! Right arm backward — 
 
 fling! Slowly, arms — change! Change! 
 Lateral trunk. Left hip, right neck firm and feet — close ! 
 
 Trunk to left — twist! Forward — twist! Hands — change! 
 
 Resume. 
 Jump. Neck — firm ! Left foot cross step position — place ! 
 
 Heels — raise! Change of feet, spring jump — go! Class 
 
 — halt ! Heels — sink ! 
 Breathing. Arms upward — bend! Arms slowly sideways 
 
 stretch and heels — raise! Arms bend and heels — sink! 
 
 Repeat! One! Two! 
 
THIRD YEAR 111 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left (right), face left (right) about — march! 
 Face right (left) about, face half right (left) — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left foot placing forward with heel 
 raising in series — go! Right the same — go! Alternate 
 — go! The same left with heel raising and knee bending 
 — go! Right the same — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward — bend ! Left arm forward, right arm 
 sideways — stretch! Arms — change! Change! In series 
 
 . — change! By flinging, arms — change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways fling and feet — close ! Left (right) 
 leg backward — raise! Sink! Neck — firm! Left (right) leg 
 backward — raise! Right (left) knee — bend! Stretch! Leg 
 — sink! 
 
 Front. Arms half forward bend and feet sideways — place ! 
 Trunk backward — bend! Raise! Position! Trunk forward 
 — bend ! Raise ! 
 
 Back. Left arm upward — bend! Right arm forward — 
 fling! Slowly, arms — change! Change! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms sideways — raise ! Trunk to left (right) 
 — bend! Raise! Arms — sink! 
 
 Jump. Prepare to jump — one! Etc. Hips — firm! Jump 
 in place flinging the arms sideways — one! Two! Three- 
 four! Five! Six! Position! Mark time — mark! 
 
112 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward — bend! Slowly upward — stretch! 
 Bend! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, flinging the arms sideways — one! 
 Two! Three- four! Five! Six! Fling the arms sideways 
 and lower to the starting position on 'Hhree-four." 
 
FOURTH YEAR. 
 
 The Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, 
 Fourteenth, and the Fifteenth Days' 
 Orders of the Third Year become the 
 First, Second, Third, Fourth, and the 
 Fifth of the Fourth Year, 
 
 (113) 
 
FOURTH YEAR 115 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left (right), face right (left) about — march! 
 Face left (right) about, face half right (left) — march! 
 
 "Leg. Neck — firm! Left foot placing outward in series — 
 go ! Right the same — go ! Alternate — go ! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward — bend! Left arm forward, right up- 
 ward — stretch! Arms — change! In series — change! By 
 'flinging, arms — change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) leg sideways — raise! 
 Forward — move! Sink! Left (right) leg forward — raise! 
 Sideways — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms half forward bend and left foot forward — 
 place! Trunk backward — bend! Raise! Arms half for- 
 ward bend and feet — change! Resume. 
 
 Back. Hips firm and feet sideways — place! Trunk for- 
 ward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms sideways — raise ! Trunk to left (right) 
 — twist! Forward — twist! Arms — sink! 
 
 Jump. Neck — firm! Prepare to jump — one! Etc. Jump 
 in place, flinging the arms sideways — one! Two! Three- 
 four! Five! Six! 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward — bend! Arms upward stretch 
 and knees — bend! Arms bend and knees — stretch! Repeat! 
 One! Two! 
 
116 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Balance. Forward — move! Keeping the leg perfectly 
 straight, swing it to the position of forward raise. Be careful 
 not to lower the foot in the movement. 
 
 Front. Arms half forward bend and feet — change ! Lower 
 the arms and replace the foot on the first count; bend the arms 
 half forward and advance the opposite foot on the second 
 count. 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, flinging the arms sideways — one! 
 Etc. Fling the arms sideways and back to the starting position 
 on 'Hhree-four." 
 
FOURTH YEAR 117 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 side step to left (right), 1 side step to right (left), 1 
 side step to left (right) — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm ! Left foot placing outward with heel rais- 
 ing, in series — go! Right the same — go! Alternate — 
 go! The same left with heel raising and knee bending — 
 go! Right the same — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward — bend ! Left arm upward, right down- 
 ward — stretch! Arms — change! In series — change! By 
 flinging, arms — change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) leg sideways — raise! 
 Forward — move! Sink! Left (right) leg forward — raise! 
 Sideways — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms half forward bend and feet — close! Trunk 
 backward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Hips — firm! Trunk forward— bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms sideways fling and left foot forward 
 — place! Trunk to left — bend! Raise! Arms sideways 
 fling and feet — change! Resume. 
 
 Jump. Prepare to jimip — one! Etc. Jump in place, 
 flinging the arms sideways — one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward — bend! Arms upward stretch 
 and heels — raise! Arms bend and heels — sink! Repeat! 
 One! Two! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms sideways fling and feet — change ! 
 Lower the arms and replace the foot on the first count; fling 
 
118 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 the arms sideways and place the opposite foot forward on the 
 second count. 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, 'flinging the arms sideways — one! 
 Etc. Fling the arms sideways and lower to the fundamental 
 position on ^' three- four." 
 
FOURTH YEAR 119 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 side steps to left (right), 2 side steps to right (left), 
 2 side steps to left (right) — march! 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left foot placing backward in series — 
 go! Right the same — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward — bend ! Left arm upward, right side- 
 ways — stretch! Arms — change! In series — change! By 
 flinging, arms — change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise! Left (right) leg sideways 
 — raise! Forward — move! Sink! Position! Arms side- 
 ways — fling! Left (right) leg forward — raise! Sideways 
 — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Feet — close ! Arms half forward bend and left foot 
 forward — place! Trunk backward — bend! Raise! Arms 
 half forward bend and feet — change! Resume. Foot — 
 replace ! 
 
 Back. Hips firm and left foot forward — place ! Trunk for- 
 ward — bend! Raise! Feet — change! Resume. 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms sideways fling and left foot outward 
 — place! Trunk to left — twist! Forward — twist! Arms 
 sideways fling and feet — change! Resume. 
 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Left — face! Jump in place, flinging 
 the legs sideways — one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward bend and heels — raise! Arms 
 upward stretch and knees — bend! Arms bend and knees — 
 stretch! Repeat! One! Two! Heels — sink! 
 
120 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Jump. It is advisable to give "prepare to jump" before 
 giving the jump proper. 
 
 Jump in place, flinging the legs sideways — one! Etc. Fling 
 the legs directly to the sides and bring the heels together in 
 the landing position on 'Hhree-four." 
 
FOURTH YEAR 121 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 side steps to left (right), 2 side steps to right (left), 
 1 side step to left {right) — march! 
 
 "Leg. Hips — firm! Left foot placing backward with heeh 
 raising in series — go! Right the same — go! Alternate — 
 go! The same left with heel raising and knee bending— 
 go! Right the same— go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward — bend! Left arm upward, right for- 
 ward — stretch! Arms — change! In series — change! By 
 flinging, arms — change! Change! 
 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) leg sideways — raise! 
 Backward — move! Sink! Left (right) leg backward — 
 raise! Sideways — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms upward — stretch! Trunk backward — bend! 
 Raise! 
 
 Back. Neck firm and feet sideways — place! Trunk for- 
 ward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms sideways fiing and feet — close ! Trunk 
 to left (right) — bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Half left — face! Jump in place, flinging the arms 
 and legs sideways — one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways — raise! Arms turn and knees 
 — bend! Arms turn and knees — stretch! Repeat! One I 
 Two ! Arms — sink ! 
 
122 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 side steps to left (right), 1 side step to right (left), 
 
 2 side steps to left (right) — march! 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left foot placing backward-outward in 
 
 series — go! Right the same — go! Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms upward — bend ! Left arm upward, right back- 
 ward — stretch! Arms — change! In series — change! By 
 
 flinging, arms — change! Change! 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) leg sideways — raise! 
 
 Backward — move! Sink! Left (right) leg backward — 
 
 raise! Sideways — move! Sink! 
 Front. Arms upward stretch and feet sideways — place! 
 
 Trunk backward — bend! Raise! 
 Back. Neck — firm! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms sideways fling and feet — close ! Trunk 
 
 to left (right) — twist! Forward — twist! 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Jump in place, facing 90° to left — 
 
 one! Etc. The same to right — one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arms sideways — raise! Arm circling and 
 
 heel raising — one! Two! Arms — sink! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, facing 90° to left — one! Etc. Jump 
 in place and turn 90° to the left on "three-four;" land 
 facing in that direction. 
 
FOURTH YEAR 123 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward), 1 step backward (for- 
 ward), 1 step forward (backward) — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left foot placing backward-outward 
 with heel raising in series — go! Right the same — go! 
 Alternate — go! The same left with heel raising and 
 knee bending — go! Right the same — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways and downward in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise! Left (right) leg sideways 
 — raise! Backward — move! Sink! Position! Arms 
 sideways — fling! Left (right) leg backward — raise! Side- 
 ways — move ! Sink ! 
 
 Front. Arms upward stretch and left foot forward — place ! 
 Trunk backward — bend! Raise! Arms upward stretch 
 and feet — change! Resume. 
 
 Back. Neck firm and left foot forward — place! Trunk 
 forward — bend! Raise! Feet — change! Resume. 
 
 Lateral trunk. Feet— close ! Arms sideways fling and left 
 foot forward — place! Trunk to left — bend! Raise! Arms 
 sideways fling and feet — change! Resume. Foot — 
 replace ! 
 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Jump in place, facing 90° to left and 
 return — one! Two! Three- four! Five-six! Seven! 
 Eight! The same to right — one! Etc. Mark time — mark! 
 
124 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideways and alternate knee bend- 
 ing backward — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, facing 90° to left and return — one! 
 Two! Three-four! Five-six! Seven! Eight! Secure a 
 good steady landing position on "three- four'' before the 
 return jump, which is taken upon " five-six." 
 
FOURTH YEAR 125 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 2 steps backward (for- 
 ward), 2 steps forward (backward) — march! 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left foot placing sideways and forward 
 in series — go! One! Two! Three! Four! Right the 
 same — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways and forward in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) leg forward — raise! 
 Backward — move! Sink! Left (right) leg backward — 
 raise! Forward — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms upward stretch and feet — close! Trunk 
 backward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Back. Arms sideways fling and feet sideways — place! 
 Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Feet — close ! Arms sideways fling and left 
 foot forward — place! Trunk to left — twist! Forward — 
 twist! Arms sideways fling and feet — change! Resume. 
 Foot — replace ! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, facing 180° to left — one! Etc. The 
 same to right — one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms sideways — raise! Arm raising upward 
 with alternate knee bending backward and opposite knee 
 bending — one! Tivo! Repeat! One! Two! Arms — sink! 
 
 Leg. Left foot placing sideways and forward in series — 
 go! One! Two! Three! Four! Place the left foot to the 
 
126 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 side on ''one," replace on ''two," place the left foot forward 
 on ''three," replace on "four." The rhythm must be slow 
 enough to allow proper adjustment of weight. 
 
 Jump. Jump in "place, facing 180° to left — one! Etc. Land 
 from the jump on " three- four,", facing to the rear. 
 
FOURTH YEAR 127 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 2 steps backward (for- 
 ward), 1 step forward (backward) — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left foot placing sideways and forward 
 with heel raising in series — go! Right the same — go! 
 Alternate — go! The same left with heel raising and 
 knee bending — go! Right the same — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways and backward in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) leg forward — raise! 
 Backward — move! Sink. Left (right) leg backward — 
 raise! Forward — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Feet— close! Arms upward stretch and left foot 
 forward — place! Trunk backward — bend! Raise! Arms 
 upward stretch and feet — change! Resume. Foot — 
 replace ! 
 
 Back. Arms sideways fling and left foot forward — place! 
 Trunk forward — bend! Raise! Arms sideways fling and 
 feet — change ! Resume. 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward— bend ! Trunk to left (right) 
 — bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Jump in place, facing 180° to left 
 (right) and return — one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideways with alternate leg raising 
 sideways — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Balance. Backward — move! Swing the leg with the knee 
 straight and the foot close to the floor, but not touching, to 
 the position of ''backward raise." 
 
128 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 1 step backward (for- 
 ward), 2 steps forward (backward) — march! 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left foot placing sideways and outward 
 in series — go! Right the same — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways and upward in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise! Left (right) leg forward 
 — raise! Backward — move! Sink! Position! Arms side- 
 ways — fling! Left (right) leg backward — raise! Forward 
 — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms sideways — raise! Trunk backward — bend! 
 Arm rotation — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Back. Arms forward bend and feet sideways — place! 
 Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward — bend ! Trunk to left (right) 
 — twist! Forward — twist! 
 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Jump in place facing 270° to left 
 (right) — one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. With palms up, arms sideways — raise! Arm 
 raising upward with alternate leg raising sideways and 
 opposite knee bending — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Front. Arm rotation — one! Two! Do not hold the back- 
 ward bend position too long. Arm rotation once or twice 
 maintains the position long enough. 
 
FOURTH YEAR 129 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 1 side step to left (right), 1 side step 
 
 to right (left) — march! 1 side step to left (right), 1 side 
 
 step to right (left), face right (left) — march! 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left foot placing sideways and outward 
 
 with heel raising in series — go! Right the same — go! 
 
 Alternate — go! The same left with heel raising and knee 
 
 bending — go! Right the same — go! Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms forward and backward in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) leg sideways — raise! 
 
 Forward — move! Sideways — move! Sink! 
 Front. Arms half sideways — bend! Trunk backward — 
 
 bend! Arm rotation — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 Back. Arms forward — bend! Trunk forward — bend! 
 
 Raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward bend and left (right) foot 
 
 forward — place! Trunk to left (right) — bend! Raise! 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Jump in place, facing 270° to left 
 
 (right) and return — one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideways-upward with alternate 
 
 leg raising sideways — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
FIFTH YEAR. 
 
 The Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, 
 Fourteenth, and the Fifteenth Days' 
 Orders of the Fourth Year become the 
 First, Second, Third, Fourth, and the 
 Fifth of the Fifth Year. 
 
 (131) 
 
FIFTH YEAR 133 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 1 side step to right (left), 1 side step 
 
 to left (right) — march! 1 side step to right (left), 1 side step 
 
 to left (right), face right (left) — march! 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways and 
 
 backward in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms forward and downward in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) leg sideways — raise! 
 
 Forward — move! Sideways — move! Sink! 
 Front. Left arm half forward, right arm half sideways — 
 
 bend! Trunk backward — bend! Arm rotation — one! Two! 
 
 Trunk — raise! 
 Back. Arms forward bend and left (right) foot forward — 
 
 place! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward bend and left (right) foot 
 
 outward — place! Trunk to left (right) — twist! Forward 
 
 — tivist! 
 Jump. Jump in place, facing 360° to left (right) — one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideways-upward with alternate 
 
 leg raising sideways and opposite knee bending — one! Two! 
 
 Repeat! One! Two! 
 
134 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left {right), 2 side steps to left (right), 2 side steps 
 to right {left) — march! 2 side steps to left {right), 2 side 
 steps to right {left), face right {left) — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left {right) foot placing sideways and 
 backward with heel raising in series — go! Alternate — 
 go! The same left {right) with heel raising and knee 
 bending — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward and sideways in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise ! Left {right) leg sideways 
 — raise! Forward — move! Sideways — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Hips — firm! Trunk backward — bend! Arm fling- 
 ing sideways — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Back. With palms up, arms sideways stretch and feet 
 sideways — place! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward bend and feet — close! Trunk 
 to left {right) — bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Jump in place, facing 360° to left 
 {right) and return — one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arm raising forward with alternate leg raising 
 forward — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
FIFTH YEAR 136 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 2 steps to right (left), 2 side steps 
 to left (right) — march! 2 side steps to right (left), 2 side 
 steps to left (right), face right (left) — march! 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways and 
 backward-outward in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward and upward in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) leg sideways — raise! 
 Backward — move! Forward — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Neck — firm! Trunk backward — bend! Arm flinging 
 sideways — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Back. With palms up, arms sideways — raise ! Trunk for- 
 ward — bend ! Raise ! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward bend and feet — close ! Trunk 
 to left (right) — twist! Forward — twist! 
 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Jump in place, facing 90° left (right), 
 180° right (left) — one! Two! Three- four! Five-six! 
 Seven! Eight! 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward — raise! Arm raising upward 
 with alternate leg raising forward and' opposite knee bend- 
 ing — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, facing 90° left, 180° right — one! Two! 
 Three-four! Five-six! Seven! Eight! Jump facing 90° 
 to left on "three-four," 180° to right on *' five-six," which 
 makes the landing position 90° to the right of the original 
 position. 
 
136 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left {right), 2 side steps to left (right), 1 side step 
 to right (Left) — march! 1 side step to left (right), 2 side 
 steps to right (left), face right (left) — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways and 
 backward- outward with heel raising in series — go! Alter- 
 nate — go! The same left (right) with heel raising and 
 knee bending — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward and downward in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) leg sideways — raise! 
 Backward — move! Sideways — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Trunk backward — bend! Arm flinging sideways — 
 one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Back. With palms up, arms sideways fling and left foot 
 forward — place! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! Arms 
 sideways fling and feet — change! Resume. 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm forward bend, right arm sideways 
 — fling! Trunk to left — bend! Raise! Arms — change! 
 Resume. 
 
 Jump. Hips — firm ! Jump in place, facing 90° to left (right), 
 270° to right (left)— one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arm raising forward-upward with alternate 
 leg raising forward — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
FIFTH YEAR 137 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 2 side steps to right (left), 1 side step 
 
 to left (right) — march! 1 side step to right (left), 2 side 
 
 steps to left (right), face right (left) — march! 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing forward and 
 
 sideways in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms upward and sideways in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise! Left (right) leg sideways 
 
 — raise! Backward — move! Sideways — move! Sink! 
 Front. Arms forward — bend! Trunk backward — bend! 
 
 Arm flinging sideways — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend and feet sideways — place ! 
 
 Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Right arm forward bend, left arm sideways 
 
 — fling! Trunk to left — twist! Forward— twist! Arms — 
 
 change ! Resume. 
 Jump. Hips — firm ! Jump in place, facing 90° to left (right) , 
 
 360° to right (left)— one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arm raising forward-upward with alternate 
 
 leg raising forward and opposite knee bending — one! Two! 
 
 Repeat! One! Two! 
 
138 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 1 side step to left (right), face left 
 
 (right) — march! 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot placing forward and 
 
 sideways with heel raising in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 The same left (right) with heel raising and knee bending 
 
 — go! Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms upward and forward in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) leg forward — raise! 
 
 Sideways — move! Forward — move! Sink! 
 Front. Arms half sideways — bend! Trunk backward — 
 
 bend! Arm flinging sideways — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 Back. Arms half forward — bend! Trunk forward — bend! 
 
 Raise! 
 Lateral trunk. With palms up, arms sideways — raise! 
 
 Trunk to left (right) — bend! Raise! 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Jump in place, facing 180° to left 
 
 (right), 270° to right (left)— one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideways with alternate leg raising 
 
 backward — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
FIFTH YEAR 139 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), 1 side step to right (left), face left 
 (right) — march! 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing forward and 
 outward in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms upward and backward in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) leg forward — raise! 
 Sideways — move! Forward — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms half forward — bend! Trunk backward — 
 bend! Arm flinging sideways — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half forward bend and left (right) foot for- 
 ward — place! Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. With palms up, arms sideways — raise ! 
 Trunk to left (right) — twist! Forward — twist! 
 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Jump in place, facing 180° to left 
 (right), 360° to right (left)— one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. With palms up, arms sideways — raise! Arm 
 raising upward with alternate leg raising backward and 
 opposite knee bending — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
140 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left {right), 2 side steps to left (right), face left 
 
 (right) — march! 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot placing forward and 
 
 outward with heel raising in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 The same left (right) with heel raising and knee bending 
 
 — go ! A Iternate — go ! 
 Arm. Arms sideways, forward, and downward — stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise! Left (right) leg forward 
 
 — raise! Sideways — move! Forward — move! Sink! 
 Front. Left arm forward bend, right arm sideways — fling ! 
 
 Trunk backward — bend! Arms — change! Change! Trunk 
 
 — raise! 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend and feet sideways — place ! 
 
 Trunk forward — bend! Raise! 
 Lateral trunk. With palms up, arms sideways fling and 
 
 left foot forward — place! Trunk to left — bend! Raise! 
 
 Arms sideways fling and feet — change! Resume. 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Jump in place, facing 270° to left 
 
 (right), 360° to right (left)— one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arm circumduction with alternate leg raising 
 
 backward — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
FIFTH YEAR 141 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left {right), 2 side steps to right (left), face left 
 
 (right) — march! 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing forward and 
 
 backward in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms sideways, backward, and downward — stretch! 
 
 The same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) leg forward — raise! 
 
 Backward — move! Forward — move! Sink! 
 Front. Left arm half sideways bend, right arm sideways — 
 
 fling! Trunk backward — bend! Arms — change! Change! 
 
 Trunk — raise! 
 Back. Arms half sideways — bend! Trunk forward — bend! 
 
 Raise! 
 Lateral trunk. With palms up, arms sideways fling and 
 
 left foot outward — place! Trunk to left — twist! For- 
 ward — twist! Arms sideways fling and feet — change! 
 
 Resume. 
 Jump. Jump in place, flinging the arms forward — one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arm circumduction with alternate leg raising 
 
 backivard and opposite knee bending — one! Tivo! Repeat! 
 
 One! Two! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, flinging the arms forward — one! Etc. 
 Raise the arms backward on " two;" fling the arms forward 
 and lower to the sides on 'Hhree-four." 
 
142 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY^S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left {right), face right {left), 1 steip forward 
 
 {backward) — march! 1 ste'p backward {forward), face left 
 
 {right), face right {left) — march! 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left {right) foot 'placing forward and 
 
 backward with heel raising in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 The same left {right) with heel raising and knee bending 
 
 — go ! A Iternate — go ! 
 Arm. Arms sideways, upward, and downward — stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left {right) leg forward — raise! 
 
 Backward — move! Forward — move! Sink! 
 Front. Left arm half forward bend, right arm sideways — 
 
 fling! Trunk backward — bend! Arms — change! Change! 
 
 Trunk — raise! 
 Back. Arms half forward — bend! Trunk forward — bend! 
 
 liaise! 
 Lateral trunk. With palms up, arms sideways fling and 
 
 feet — close! Trunk to left {right) — bend! Raise! 
 Jump. Jump in place, flinging the left {right) leg forward — 
 
 one! Two! Three- four! Five! Six! 
 Breathing. Hips — firm! Arm moving sideways with alter- 
 nate leg raising sideways — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Jump. Jump in place, flinging the left leg forward — one! 
 Two! Three- four! Five! Six! Fling the leg forward with 
 straight knee on "three-four.'' 
 
SIXTH YEAR. 
 
 The Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, 
 Fourteenth, and the Fifteenth Days' 
 Orders of the Fifth Year become the 
 First, Second, Third, Fourth, and the 
 Fifth of the Sixth Year. 
 
 (143) 
 
SIXTH YEAR 145 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face right (left), 2 steps forward 
 
 (backward) — march! 2 steeps backward (forward), face left 
 
 (right), face right (left) — march! 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing forward and 
 
 backward-outward in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms sideways, downward, and forward — stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise! Left (right) leg forward 
 
 — raise! Backward — move! Forward — move! Sink! 
 Front. Left arm half forward, right arm forward — bend! 
 
 Trunk backward — bend! Arms — change! Change! Trunk 
 
 — raise! 
 Back. Hips firm and feet sideways — place ! Trunk forward 
 
 — bend! Head rotation — one! Etc. Trunk — raise! 
 Lateral trunk. With palms up, arms sideways fling and 
 
 feet — close! Trunk to left (right) — twist! Forward — 
 
 twist! . 
 Jump. Jump in place, flinging the arms and left (right) leg 
 
 forward — one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Neck — firm! Arm moving sideivays with alter- 
 nate leg raising sideways and opposite knee bending — one! 
 
 Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 10 
 
146 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward), 1 step backward (for- 
 ward), face left (right) — march! Face right (left), etc. 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot placing forward and 
 
 backward-outward with heel raising in series — go! Alter- 
 
 nate — go! The same left (right) with heel raising and 
 
 knee bending — go! Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms sideways, backward, and forward — stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) leg backward — raise! 
 
 Sideways — move! Backward — move! Sink! 
 Front. Left arm half sideways, right arm forward — bend ! 
 
 Trunk backward — bend! Arms — change! Change! Trunk 
 
 — raise! 
 Back. Hips — firm! Trunk forward — bend! Head rotation 
 
 — one! Etc. Trunk — raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half sideways — bend ! Trunk to left 
 
 (right) — bend! Raise! 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Jump forward — one! Two! Three- 
 
 four! Five! Six! 
 Breathing. Arms forward — bend! Arm flinging sideways 
 
 with alternate leg raising sideways — one! Two! Repeat! 
 
 One! Two! 
 
 In the following lessons a fallout or lunge may be given with 
 advantage after the back exercises. Fig. 19. 
 
Fig. 19,— Forward Fallout. 
 
 (147) 
 
148 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Hips — firm! Left forward — fallout! Foot — replace! or, Posi- 
 tion! The foot is placed forward three and one-half foot 
 lengths, the back knee straight, the forward knee bent slightly 
 more than a right angle. There should be a straight line from 
 the head to the back heel, which should be firmly upon the 
 floor, and the shoulders should be squarely to the front. On 
 replacing the foot, press off with the ball and spring back to 
 place. The forward foot should point nearly front. 
 
 Fallouts outward and sideways are done in the same manner 
 as fallouts forward. Instead of the back exercise, a forward 
 fallout may be substituted. A sideways fallout may be given 
 as a lateral trunk exercise. 
 
SIXTH YEAR 149 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 2 steps backward (for- 
 ward), face left — march! Face right, etc. 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing outward and 
 sideways in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways, upward, and forward — stretch! The 
 same in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) leg backward — raise! 
 Sideways — move! Backward — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. With palms up, arms sideways — raise! Trunk 
 backward — bend! Arm raising upward — one! Two! 
 Trunk — raise! 
 
 Back. Arms sideways stretch and feet sideways — place! 
 Trunk forward — bend! Head rotation — one! Etc. Trunk 
 — raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half sideways — bend ! Trunk to left 
 (right) — twist! Forward — twist! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward, flinging the arms forward — one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward — bend! Arm flinging sideways 
 with alternate leg raising sideways and opposite knee bend- 
 ing — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward, flinging the arms forward — one! Etc. 
 Jump forward, flinging the arms forward and lowering again 
 to the sides on "three- four.'! 
 
150 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 1 step backward (for- 
 ward), face left — march! Face right, etc. 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot placing outward and 
 
 sideways with heel raising in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 The same left (right) with heel raising and knee bending 
 
 — go ! A Iternate — go ! 
 Arm. Arms sideways, downward, and upward — stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise! Left (right) leg backward 
 
 — raise! Sideways — move! Backward — move! Sink! 
 Front. Arms upward stretch and feet sideways — place! 
 
 Trunk backward — bend! Arm parting — one! Two! Trunk 
 
 — raise! 
 Back. Arms sideways — raise! Trunk forward — bend! 
 
 Head rotation — one! Etc. Trunk — raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half sideways bend and left (right) 
 
 foot forward — place! Trunk to left (right) — bend! Raise! 
 Jump. Jump forward, flinging the left (right) leg forward — 
 
 one! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arms forward — bend! Arm flinging sideways 
 
 with alternate leg raising backward — one! Two! Repeat! 
 
 One! Two! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward, flinging the left leg forward — one! 
 Etc. Raise the left leg slightly backward on " two/' swing 
 the leg quickly forward with straightened knee and lower on 
 "three-four." 
 
SIXTH YEAR 151 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right) about, face right (left) about, 1 step 
 forward (backward) — march! 1 step backward (forward), 
 etc. 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing outward and 
 forward in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms sideways, forward, and upward — stretch! The 
 same in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) leg backward — raise! 
 Forward — move! Backward — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Trunk backward — bend! Arm raising sideways- 
 upward — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Back. Arms sideways stretch and feet sideways — place! 
 Trunk forward — bend! Arm rotation — one! Two! Trunk 
 — raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half sideways bend and left (right) 
 foot outward — place! Trunk to left (right) — twist! For- 
 ward — twist! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward, flinging the arms and left (right) leg 
 forward — one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward — bend! Arm flinging sideways 
 with alternate leg raising sideways and opposite knee bend- 
 ing — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
152 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left {right) about, face right (left) about, 2 steps 
 
 forward (backward) — march! 2 steps backward (forward), 
 
 etc. 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot placing outward and 
 
 forward with heel raising in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 The same left (right) with heel raising and knee bending 
 
 — go ! A Iternate — go ! 
 Arm. Arms sideways, backward, and upward — stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance, Neck — firm! Left (right) leg backward — raise! 
 
 Forward — move! Backward — move! Sink! 
 Front. Trunk backward — bend! Arm raising forward — 
 
 one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 Back. Arms sideways — raise! Trunk forward — bend! Arm 
 
 rotation — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half sideways bend and feet — close ! 
 
 Trunk to left (right) — bend! Raise! 
 Jump. Jump forward with 1 start step left (right) — go! 
 
 One! Two-three! Four! Five! 
 Breathing. Arms forward — raise! Arm flinging sideways 
 
 with alternate leg raising sideways — one! Two! Etc. 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 1 start step left — go! One! 
 Two-three! Four! Five! Place the left foot forward on 
 ^'one/* jump forward on "two-three.'' 
 
SIXTH YEAR 153 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward), 1 step backward (forward), 
 face left (right) about — march! 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing outward and 
 backward in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward, sideways, and downward — stretch! The 
 same in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise ! Left (right) leg backward 
 — raise! Forward — move! Backward — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms forward — raise! Trunk backward — bend! 
 Arm raising upward — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Back. Left arm sideways with palm up, right arm side- 
 ways — fling! Trunk forward — bend! Arm rotation — one! 
 Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half sideways bend and feet — close ! 
 Trunk to left (right) — twist! Forward — twist! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 1 start step left (right), flinging 
 the arms forward — go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward — raise! Arm flinging sideways 
 with alternate leg raising sideways and opposite knee bend- 
 ing — one! Two! Repeat! One! Two! 
 
154 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 2- steps backward (for- 
 ward), face left (right) about — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot placing outward and 
 backward with heel raising in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 The same left (right) with heel raising and knee bending 
 — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward, backward, and downward — stretch! 
 The same in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) leg forward — raise! 
 Sideways — move! Forward — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Trunk backward — bend! Arm raising forward- 
 upward — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend and feet sideways — place ! 
 Trunk forward — bend! Arm rotation — one! Two! Trunk 
 — raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half forward — bend! Trunk to left 
 (right) — bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 1 start step left (right), flinging 
 the right (left) leg forward — go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward — raise! Arm flinging sideways 
 with alternate leg raising backward — one! Two! Etc. 
 
SIXTH YEAR 155 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), 1 step backward (for- 
 ward), face left (right) about — march! 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing outward and 
 backward-outward in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward, upward, and downward — stretch! The 
 same in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) leg forward — raise! 
 Sideways — move! Backward — move! Sink! Left (right) 
 leg backward — raise! Sideways — move! Forward — move! 
 Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms upward and trunk backward — bend! Arm 
 stretching upward — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Back. Left arm half sideways, right arm half forward — 
 bend! Trunk forward — bend! Arm rotation — one! Two! 
 Trunk — raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half forward — bend! Trunk to left 
 (right) — twist! Forward — twist! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 1 start step left (right), flinging 
 the arms and right (left) leg forward — go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms forward — raise! Arm flinging sideways 
 with alternate leg raising backward and opposite knee bend- 
 ing — one! Two! Etc. 
 
156 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 1 step forward (backward), face left (right) about, 
 
 1 step forward (backward) — march! 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot placing outward and 
 
 backward-outward with heel raising in series — go! Alter- 
 nate — go! The same left (right) with heel raising and knee 
 
 bending — go! Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms forward, downward, and sideways — stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise! Left (right) leg forward 
 
 — raise! Sideways — move! Backward — move! Sink! Left 
 
 (right) leg backward — raise! Sideways — move! Forward 
 
 — move! Sink! 
 Front. Arms upward and trunk backward — bend! Arm 
 
 stretching forward — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 Back. Feet sideways — place! Trunk forward — bend! Arm 
 
 raising sideways — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half forward bend and left (right) 
 
 foot forward — place! Trunk to left (right) — bend! Raise! 
 Jump. Jump forward with 2 start steps left (right) — go! 
 
 One! Two! Three- four! Five! Six! 
 Breathing. Arms upward — bend ! Arm stretching sideways 
 
 with alternate leg raising sideways — one! Two! Etc, 
 
SEVENTH YEAR. 
 
 The Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, 
 Fourteenth, and the Fifteenth Days' 
 Orders of the Sixth Year become the 
 First, Second, Third, Fourth, and the 
 Fifth of the Seventh Year. 
 
 (157) 
 
SEVENTH YEAR 159 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER, 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), face left (right) about, 
 2 steps backward (forward) — march! 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, out- 
 ward, and forward in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward, backward, and sideways — stretch! The 
 same in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) leg sideways — raise! 
 Forward — move! Backward — move! Sink! Left (right) 
 leg backward — raise! Forward — move! Sideways — move! 
 Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms upward and trunk backward — bend! Arm 
 stretching backward — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Back. Trunk forward — bend! Arm raising sideways — one! 
 Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half forward bend and left (right) 
 foot outward — place! Trunk to left (right) — twist! For- 
 ward — twist! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 2 start steps left (right), flinging 
 the arms forward — go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward — bend ! Arm stretching sideways 
 with alternate leg raising sideways and opposite knee bend- 
 ing — one! Two! Etc. 
 
160 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. 2 steps forward (backward), face left (right) about, 
 1 step forward (backward) — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, out- 
 ward, and forward with heel raising in series — go! Alter- 
 nate — go! The same left (right) with heel raising and knee 
 bending — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward, upward, and sideways — stretch! The 
 same in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) leg sideways — raise! 
 Forward — move! Backward — move! Sink! Left (right) 
 leg backward — raise! Forward — move! Sideways — move! 
 Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms upward and trunk backward — bend! Arm 
 stretching upward — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Back. Arms forward bend and feet sideways — place! 
 Trunk forward — bend! Arm flinging sideways — one! Two! 
 Trunk — raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half forward bend and feet — close! 
 Trunk to left (right) — bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 2 start steps left (right), flinging 
 the left (right) leg forward — go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward — bend ! Arm stretching sideways 
 with alternate leg raising forward^one! Two! Etc. 
 
SEVENTH YEAR IGl 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left (right), face half right (left), face right 
 (left) — march! Face left (right), face half left (right), face 
 half right (left) — march! 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, for- 
 ward, and outward in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Aryns forward, doumward, and iipioard — stretch! 
 The same in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways— raise ! Left (right) leg sideways 
 — raise! Forward — move! Backward — move! Sink! Left 
 (right) leg backward — raise! Forward — move! Sideways 
 — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Arms half forward — bend! Trunk backward — 
 bend! Arm stretching forward — one! Two! Trunk — 
 raise! 
 
 Back. Arms forward — bend! Trunk forward — bend! Arm 
 flinging sideways — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms half forward bend and feet — close ! 
 Trunk to left (right) — twist! Forward — twist! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 2 start steps left (right) , flinging 
 the arms and left (right) leg forward — go! One! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward — bend ! Arm stretching sideways 
 with alternate leg raising backward and opposite knee bend- 
 ing — one! Two! Etc. 
 
 11 
 
162 ■ GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left {right), face half right {left), face left 
 {right) — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left {right) foot placing sideways, for- 
 ward, and outward with heel raising in series — go! Alter- 
 nate — go! The same left {right) with heel raising and 
 knee bending — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms forward, sideways, and upward — stretch! The 
 same in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left {right) leg sideways — raise! 
 Backward — move! Forward — move! Sink! Left {right) 
 leg forward — raise! Backward — move! Sideways — move! 
 Sink! 
 
 Front. Left arm half forward bend, right arm forward- 
 fling! Trunk backward — bend! Arms — change! Change! 
 Trunk — raise! 
 
 Back. . Arms half sideways bend and feet sideways — place ! 
 Trunk forward — bend! Arm flinging sideways — one! Two! 
 Trunk — raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward — fling! Trunk to left {right) 
 — bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Jump sideways left {right) — one! Two! Three- 
 four! Five! Six! 
 
SEVENTH YEAR 163 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward — bend! Arm stretching upward 
 and alternate leg raising sideways — one! Two! Etc. 
 
 Jump. Jump sideways left — one! Two! Three-four! 
 Five! Six! Jump directly sideways toward the left, on 
 *' three- four." 
 
164 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left (right), face left (right), face half left 
 
 (right) — march! 
 Leg. Neck — firm ! Left (right) foot placing sideways, hack- 
 ward-outward, and backward in series — go! Alternate 
 
 —go! 
 Arm. Arms forward, backward, and upward — stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) leg sideways — raise! 
 
 Backward — move! Forward — move! Sink! Left (right) 
 
 leg forward — raise! Backward — move! Sideways — move! 
 
 Sink! 
 Front. Arms half sideways — bend! Trunk backward — 
 
 bend! Arm stretching upward — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 Back. Arms half sideways — bend! Trunk forward — 
 
 bend! Arm flinging sideways — one! Two! Trunk — 
 
 raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward fling and left foot outward 
 
 — place! Trunk to left — twist! Forward — twist! Arms 
 
 forward fling and feet — change! Resume. 
 Jump. Left arm forward bend, right arm sideways — fling! 
 
 Jump sideways left (right), change arms by flinging — 
 
 one! Etc. 
 
SEVENTH YEAR 165 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward— bend ! Arm stretching upward 
 with alternate leg raising sideways and opposite knee bend- 
 ing — one! Two! Etc. 
 
 Jump. Jump sideways left, change arms by flinging — 
 one! Etc, Jump sideways left and change the arm.s on 
 "three- four." 
 
/ 
 166 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left {right), face right {left), face half left 
 {right) — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left {right) foot 'placing sideways, hack- 
 ward-outward, and backward with heel raising in series — 
 gof Alternate — go! The same left {right) with heel 
 raising and knee bending — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, sideways, and downward — stretch! 
 The same in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise! Left {right) leg sideways 
 — raise! Backward — move! Forward — move! Sink! Left 
 {right) leg forward — raise! Backward — move! Sideways 
 — move! Sink! 
 
 Front. Left arm half sideways bend, right arm forward- 
 upward — fling! Trunk backward — bend! Arms — change! 
 Change! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half forward bend and feet sideways — place! 
 Trunk forward — bend! Arm flinging sideways — one! Two! 
 Trunk — raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms upward stretch and feet sideways — 
 place! Trunk to left {right) — bend! Raise! 
 
 Jump. Jump sideways left {right), cross step right {left) — 
 go! One! Two-three! Four! Five! 
 
SEVENTH YEAR 167 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward — bend! Arm stretching upward 
 with alternate leg raising forward — one! Two! Etc, 
 
 Jump. Jump sideways left, cross step right — go! One! 
 Two-three! Four! Five! Jump to the left on ''three-four." 
 
168 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left {right), face right (left), face half right (left) 
 
 — march! 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, hack- 
 ward, and backward-outward in series — go! Alternate 
 
 —go! 
 Arm. Arms backward, forward, and downward — stretch! 
 
 The same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) knee upward — bend! 
 
 Replace! Fig. 20. 
 Front. Left arm upward bend, right arm sideways — fling! 
 
 Trunk backward — bend! By stretching, arms — change! 
 
 Change ! Trunk — raise ! 
 Back. Arms half forward — bend! Trunk forward — bend! 
 
 Arm flinging sideways — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms upward stretch and feet sideways — ■ 
 
 place! Trunk to left (right) — twist! Forward — twist! 
 Jump. Left (right) arm forward bend, right (left) arm 
 
 sideways — fling! Jump sideways left (right), cross step 
 
 right (left), change the arms by flinging — go! One! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arms upward — bend ! Arm stretching upward 
 
 with alternate leg raising forward and opposite knee bending 
 
 —one! Two! Etc. 
 
Fig. 20.— Knee Upward Bend. 
 
 (169) 
 
170 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Balance. Left knee upward — hend! Bend the left knee 
 upward in front of the body until there is a right angle at the 
 hip and at the knee; the instep should be extended and the 
 toes pointed toward the floor; keep the body erect. 
 
SEVENTH YEAR 171 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face right (left), face half left (right) 
 
 — march! 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, hack- 
 ward, and backward-outward with heel raising in series 
 
 — go! Alternate — go! The same left (right) with heel 
 
 raising and knee bending — go! Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms backward, upward, and downward — stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) knee upward — bend! 
 
 Replace! 
 Front. Left arm upward bend, right arm forward — fling! 
 
 Trunk backward — bend! By stretching, arms — change! 
 
 Change! Trunk — raise! 
 Back. Arms half forward bend and feet sideways — place! 
 
 Trunk forward — bend! Arm bending forward — one! Two! 
 
 Trunk — raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms upward stretch and left foot forward 
 
 — place! Trunk to left — bend! Raise! Arms upward 
 
 stretch and feet — change! Etc. 
 Jump. Half left — face! Jump outward left (right) — one! 
 
 Two! Three- four! Five! Six! 
 Breathing. Arms upward — bend! Arm stretching upward 
 
 and alternate leg raising backward — one! Two! Etc. 
 
172 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left {right), face half left {right), face left {right) 
 — march! 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left {right) foot placing sideways, for- 
 ward, and backward in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, downward, and sideways — stretch! 
 The same in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise ! Left {right) knee upward 
 — bend! Replace! 
 
 Front. Left arm upward bend, right arm backward — fling ! 
 Trunk backward — bend! By stretching, arms — change! 
 Change! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Back. Arms half forward — bend! Trunk forward — bend! 
 Arm bending forward — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms upward stretch and left foot outward 
 — place! Trunk to left — twist! Forward — twist! Arms 
 upward stretch and feet — change! Resume. 
 
 Jump. Half left — face! Jump outward left {right), cross 
 step right {left) — go! One! Two-three! Four! Five! 
 
 Breathing. Arms upward — bend! Arm stretching upward 
 with alternate leg raising backward and opposite knee bend- 
 ing — one! Two! Etc. 
 
SEVENTH YEAR 173 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face half right (left), face left (right) 
 
 — march! 
 Leg Hips — firm! Left {right) foot placing sideways, for- 
 ward, and backward with heel raising in series — go! 
 
 Alternate — go! The same left (right) with heel raising 
 
 and knee bending — go! Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms backward, forivard, and sideways — stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) knee upward — bend! 
 
 Forward — stretch ! Bend ! Replace ! 
 Front. Left arm upward bend, right arm sideways-upward 
 
 — fling! Trunk backward — bend! By stretching, arms — 
 
 change! Change! Trunk — raise! 
 Back. Arms forward stretch and feet sideways — place! 
 
 Trunk forward — bend! Arm -flinging sideways — one! 
 
 Two! Trunk — raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward-upward fling and feet — 
 
 close! Trunk to left (right) — bend! Raise! 
 Jump. Hips — firm ! Jump forward, facing 90° to left (right) 
 
 — one! Two! Three- four! Five! Six! Mark time — 
 
 mark! 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideways with head bending back- 
 ward — one! Two! Etc. 
 
174 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 Balance. Left knee upward — hend! Forward — stretch! 
 Straighten the leg forward, lowering as little at the hip as 
 possible, at the same time keeping the body erect and the 
 stationary knee straight. 
 
EIGHTH YEAR. 
 
 The Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, 
 Fourteenth, and the Fifteenth Days' 
 Orders of the Seventh Year become 
 the First, Second, Third, Fourth, and 
 the Fifth of the Eighth Year„ 
 
 (175) 
 
EIGHTH YEAR 177 
 
 SIXTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face right (left), face right (left) 
 about — march! 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm ! Left (right) foot placing sideways, hack- 
 ward, and forward in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, upward, and sideivays — stretch! The 
 same in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) knee upward — bend! 
 Forward — stretch! Bend! Replace! 
 
 Front. Hips firm and left (right) foot outward — place! 
 Trunk to left (right) — twist! Backward — bend! Raise! 
 Forward — twist! 
 
 Back. Arms forward — fling! Trunk forward — bend! Arm 
 flinging sideways — one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward-upward fling and feet — 
 close! Trunk to left (right) — twist! Forward — twist! 
 
 Jump. Jump forward, facing 90° to left (right), flinging the 
 arms foriuard — one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideways with head bending hack- 
 ward and knee bending — one! Two! Etc. 
 
 12 
 
178 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 SEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face right (left), face left (right) 
 about — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, hack- 
 ward, and forward with heel raising in series — go! Alter- 
 nate — go! The same left (right) with heel raising and 
 knee bending — go! Alternate^go ! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, downward, and forward — stretch! 
 The same in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Arms forward — raise! Left (right) knee upward 
 — bend! Forward — stretch! Bend! Replace! 
 
 Front. Hips — firm! Trunk to left (right) — twist! Back- 
 ward — bend! Raise! Forward — twist! 
 
 Back. Left arm forward bend, right arm sideways fling, 
 and feet sideways — place! Trunk forward — bend! Arms 
 — change! Change! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Feet — close! Arms forward-upward fling 
 and left foot forward — place! Trunk to left — bejid! 
 Raise! Arms forward-upward fling and feet — change! 
 Resume. 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 1 start step left (right), facing 
 90° to right (left) — go! One! Two-three! Four! Five! 
 
 Breathing. Arm raising sideways with head bending back- 
 ward and heel raising — one! Two! Etc. 
 
EIGHTH YEAR 179 
 
 EIGHTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face left (right) about, face left (right) 
 
 — inarch ! 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, for- 
 ward, and backward- outward in series — go! Alternate 
 
 —go! 
 Arm. Arms backward, sideways, and forward — stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) knee upward — bend! 
 
 Backward — stretch! Bend! Replace! 
 Front. Hips firm and feet — close! Trunk to left (right) — 
 
 twist! Backward — bend! Raise! Forward — twist! 
 Back. Left arm sideways fling, right arm forward — bend! 
 
 Trunk forward — bend! 'Arms — change! Change! Trunk 
 
 — raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Arms forward-upward fling and left foot 
 
 outward — place! Trunk to left — twist! Forward — twist! 
 
 Arms sideways-upward fling and feet — change ! Resume. 
 Jump. Jump forward with 1 start step left (right), facing 
 
 90° to right (left), flinging the arms forward — go! One! 
 
 Etc. 
 Breathing. With palms up, arms sideways — raise! Arm 
 
 raising upward with head bending backward and knee 
 
 bending — one! Two! Etc. 
 
180 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 NINTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right), face right (left) about, face left (right) 
 — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot placing sideioays, for- 
 ward, and backward-outward with heel raising in series 
 — go! Alternate — go! The same left (right) with heel 
 raising and knee bending — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, upward, and forward — stretch! The 
 same in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) knee upward — bend! 
 Backward — stretch! Bend! Replace! 
 
 Front. Neck firm and left (right) foot outward — place! 
 Trunk to left (right) — twist! Backivard — bend! Raise! 
 Forward — twist! 
 
 Back. Left arm sideways fling, right arm half sideways 
 bend and feet sideways — place! Trunk forward — bend! 
 Arms — change! Change! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm downward, right arm upward 
 stretch and feet sideways — place! Trunk to left — bend! 
 Raise! Arms — change! Resume. 
 
 Jump. Jump forward with 2 start steps left (right), facing 
 90° left (right) ~:jn! One! Two! Three- four! Five! 
 Six! 
 
 Breathing. With palms up, arms sideways — fling! Arm 
 raising upward with head bending backward and heel rais- 
 ing — one! Two! Etc. 
 
EIGHTH YEAR 181 
 
 TENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left {right) about, face right (left) about, face 
 right ( left) — march ! 
 
 Leg. Neck — firm ! Left (right) foot placing sideways, hack- 
 ward-outward, and forward in series — go! Alternate 
 
 —go! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, downward, and upward — stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise ! Left {right) knee upward 
 
 — bend! Backward — stretch! Bend! Replace! 
 Front. Neck— firm! Trunk to left {right) — twist! Back- 
 ward — bend! Raise! Forward — twist! 
 Back. Left arm half forward bend, right arm sideways 
 
 fling and feet sideways — place! Trunk forward — bend! 
 
 Arms — change! Change! Trunk — raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm downward, right arm upward 
 
 stretch and feet sideways — place! Trunk to left— twist! 
 
 Forward — tvjist! Arms — change! Resume. 
 Jump. Jump forward with 2 start steps left {right), facing 
 
 90° to right {left), -flinging the arms forward — go! One! 
 
 Etc. 
 Breathing. Hips — firm! Arm moving sideways with head 
 
 bending backward and knee bending — one! Two! Etc. 
 
182 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 ELEVENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right) about, face right (left) about, face left 
 (right) — march! 
 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, back- 
 ward-outward, and forward with heel raising in series — 
 go! Alternate — go! The same left (right) with heel 
 raising and knee bending — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 Arm. Arms backward, sideways, and upward — stretch! The 
 same in series — stretch! 
 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) knee upward — bend! 
 Sideways — move! Forward — move! Replace! 
 
 Front. Neck firm and feet — close! Trunk to left (right) — 
 twist! Backward — bend! Raise! Forward — twist! 
 
 Back. Left arm forward, right arm half forward bend and 
 feet sideways — place! Trunk forward — bend! Arms — 
 change! Change! Trunk — raise! 
 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm downward, right arm upward- 
 stretch! Trunk to left — bend! Raise! Arms — change! 
 Resume. 
 
 Jump. Jump forward, facing 180° to left (right) — one! Etc. 
 
 Breathing. Hips — firm! Arm moving sideways with head 
 bending backward and heel raising — one! Two! Etc. 
 
 Balance. Sideways — move! Move the bended knee to the 
 side, keeping the same angle at the knee and at the hip. Do 
 not turn the body. 
 
EIGHTH YEAR 183 
 
 TWELFTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right) about, face left (right), face left (right) 
 
 about — march! 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, out- 
 ward, and backward in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms backward, forward, and upward — stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) knee upward — bend! 
 
 Sideways — move! Forward — move! Replace! 
 Front. Arms sideways fling and left foot outward — place ! 
 
 Trunk to left — twist! Backward — bend! Raise! Forward 
 
 — twist! Arms sideways fling and feet — change: Resume. 
 Back. Left arm forward, right arm half sideways bend and 
 
 feet sideways — place! Trunk forward — bend! Arms — 
 
 change! Change! Trunk — raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm downward, right arm upward — 
 
 stretch! Trunk to left — twist! Forward — twist! Arms 
 
 — change! Resume! 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Jump forward with 1 start step left 
 
 (right), facing 180° left (right) — go! One! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arms forward — bend! Arm raising sideways 
 
 with head bending backward and knee bending — one! Two! 
 
 Etc. 
 
184 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 THIRTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face left (right) about, face right (left) , face left (right) 
 
 about — march! 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, out- 
 ward, and backward with heel raising in series — go! 
 
 Alternate — go! The same left (right) with heel raising 
 
 and knee bending — go! Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms upward, sideways, and downward — stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Arms sideways — raise ! Left (right) knee upward 
 
 — bend! Sideways — move! Forward — move! Replace! 
 Front. Arms sideways — raise! Trunk to left (right) — 
 
 tivist! Backioard — bend! Raise! Forward — twist! 
 Back. Arms half forward bend and feet sideways — place ! 
 
 Trunk forward — bend! Arm stretching forward — one! 
 
 Two ! Trunk — raise ! 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm downward, right arm upward 
 
 stretch and left foot forward — place! Trunk to left — 
 
 bend! Raise! Arms and feet — change! Resume. 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Jump forward with 2 start steps, left 
 
 (right), facing 180° right (left)— go! One! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arms forward — bend! Arm raising sideways 
 
 with head bending backward and heel raising — one! Two! 
 
 Etc. 
 
EIGHTH YEAR 185 
 
 FOURTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left (right), face half right (left), face right 
 
 (left) — march! 
 Leg. Neck — firm! Left (right) foot placing sideways, hack- 
 ward, and outward in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 Arm. Arms upward, foriuard, and downward — stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Hips — firm! Left (right) knee upward — hend! 
 
 Sideways — move! Stretch! Forward — move! Replace! 
 Front. Arms sideways fling and feet — close! Trunk to left 
 
 (right) — twist! Backward — hend! Raise! Forward — 
 
 tioist! 
 Back. Left arm forward fling, right arm half forward bend 
 
 and feet sideways — place! Trunk forward — hend! Slowly, 
 
 arms — change! Change! Trunk — raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm downward, right arm upward 
 
 stretch and left foot outward — place! Trunk to left — 
 
 tiuist! Forward — twist! Arms and feet — change! Resume. 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Jump forward with 1 start step left 
 
 (right), facing 270° to left (right)— go! One! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arms forward — bend! Arm raising sideways 
 
 with head hending hackward, heel raising, and knee hending 
 
 — one! Two! Etc. 
 
 Balance. Stretch! The straightened leg is in the posi- 
 tion of '4eg sideways raise.'! 
 
186 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 
 
 FIFTEENTH DAY'S ORDER. 
 
 Order. Face half left (right), face half right (left), face left 
 
 (right) about — march! 
 Leg. Hips — firm! Left (right) foot placing backward and 
 
 outward with heel raising in series — go! Alternate — go! 
 
 The same left (right) with heel raising and knee bending 
 
 — go ! A Iternate — go ! 
 Arm. Arms upward, backward, and downward— stretch! The 
 
 same in series — stretch! 
 Balance. Neck — firm! Left (right) knee upward — bend! 
 
 Sideways — move! Stretch! Forward — move! Replace! 
 Front. Arms forward bend and left (right) foot outward 
 
 — place! Trunk to left (right) — twist! Backward — bend! 
 
 Raise! Forward — twist! 
 Back. Arms half sideways bend and feet sideways — place ! 
 
 Trunk forward — bend! Slowly, arm stretching upward — 
 
 one! Two! Trunk — raise! 
 Lateral trunk. Left arm downward, right arm upward 
 
 stretch and feet — close! Trunk to left — bend! Raise! 
 
 Arms — change ! Resume. 
 Jump. Hips — firm! Jump forward with 2 start steps left 
 
 (right), facing 270° right (left)— go! One! Etc. 
 Breathing. Arms forward — raise! Arm raising sideways 
 
 with head bending backward and knee bending^one! Two! 
 
PAKT 11. 
 
 FANCY STEPS. 
 
 (187) 
 
FANCY STEPS. 
 
 For the following Fancy Steps it is better to have a free 
 floor space, although nearly all may be done in the ordinary 
 classroom, either in single line or from the class formation 
 for general gymnastic exercises. 
 
 1. March Steps Forward. Walk forward accenting every 
 third comit. In these steps, three steps are the three move- 
 ments, i. e., an advance with the left, an advance with the 
 right, and an advance with the left foot, and do not include 
 the fourth count, which would bring the heels together. 
 
 2. Touch Steps, a. Touch step sideways and step. With 
 instep extended and toes turned out, touch the toes of the 
 left foot to the left side on ''one," step forward with the 
 same foot on ''two." Repeat right. 
 
 h. Touch step sideways and step. 
 
 c. Touch step backward and step. 
 
 d. Cross touch step forward and step. 
 
 These touch steps may be taken by touching the toes 
 tw^ice instead of once, the double touch step. 
 
 c. Touch the heel forward and step. 
 
 Combine the touch steps with three steps forward, with 
 a bending of the stationary knee simultaneously with the 
 touch. 
 
 Combination of touch steps in two or more directions. 
 
 a. Touch forward, sideways and step (one or three steps). 
 
 h. Touch sideways, forward and step. 
 
 c. Touch forward, backward and step. 
 
 ( 189 ) 
 
190 FANCY STEPS 
 
 d. Touch heel forward, toe backward and step. 
 
 e. Touch forward, sideways, backward and step. 
 Combine touch steps in more than one direction with 
 
 bending of the stationary knee on the first and straighten- 
 ing on the second count. The touch is also called the 
 ^' point." 
 
 3. Swing Steps. Follow the general order of the touch 
 step series, substituting for the touch step raising of the 
 leg with straight -knee. 
 
 4. Extension Step. Bend the knee of the advancing leg 
 upward on ''one,'' straighten forward on ''two," step on 
 "three." 
 
 5. Follow Steps. Advance the leading foot on "one," 
 bring the stationary foot to the advanced foot on "two." 
 
 a. Follow step forward. Advance forward each time 
 with the left foot leading. Repeat with the right. Advance 
 alternating left and right, two counts each. 
 
 h. Follow step sideways. To left or right the same as 
 follow step forward. 
 
 6. Follow Slide, a. Follow slide forward (sideways). 
 This is the same as the follow step, excepting that the 
 leading foot is slid along the floor and the following foot 
 is drawn along the floor to it. 
 
 h. Take the same with a slight bending of both knees on 
 the first count and straightening on the second. This is 
 developed into the polka glide, in which case the heels are 
 not brought together on the last count. 
 
 7. Change Step. The change step may be easily devel- 
 oped from the follow step, or the follow slide, by taking 
 three counts. Slide forward with the left foot on "one," 
 
FANCY STEPS 191 
 
 bring the right foot to the left heel on 'Hwo/' sUde forward 
 with the left on ^Hhree.'' Repeat with the right. This 
 same combination, shortening the second count, makes 
 the two-step. In marching, whenever pupils are out of 
 step, one change step is taken to correct the error. 
 
 8. Balance Steps. These are a combination of step posi- 
 tions with double heel raising. They may be combined 
 with the follow steps to end a certain number of such steps. 
 
 a. Balance step forward. Step forward on ^'one," bring 
 the heels together and raise both heels on ''two,^' lower 
 heels on 'Hhree." At first and in the lower grades this 
 exercise may be done in four counts. 
 
 h. Balance step sideways (backward). The same as the 
 forward balance, differing only in direction. 
 
 c. Balance touch step. Touch step in any direction and 
 raise both heels on "one/' lower heels on "two," replace 
 foot on "three.'' This may be done at first to four counts. 
 Step to the left side on "one," touch step forward right 
 and raise heels on "two," lower on "three." Repeat to 
 right. 
 
 9. Hop Step (on place, forward, sideways), a. Step on 
 the left foot on "one," hop on the same foot, bringing the 
 toes of the right foot lightly against the left foot on " two." 
 Repeat right. This movement may be done while turning 
 360°, one-quarter turn at each two counts. 
 
 h. The same as above, except the free leg is swung forward 
 in a cross direction. This is one of the steps of the military 
 schottische. 
 
 10. Skip Step. Take the hop step forward, raising the 
 free leg slightly to the front. The first step is a long one. 
 
192 FANCY STEPS 
 
 Combine three running steps with the hop to make a 
 schottische step, four counts. 
 
 Easy Combinations of Fundamental Steps. 1. Touch 
 and change step : Combine the touch steps with the change 
 step, substituting the change step for the walk step. 
 
 2. Swing steps and change step. 
 
 3. Extension step and change step. 
 
 4. Follow steps and change step (in the upper grades). 
 
 5. Swing, touch and change steps. Swing the leg for- 
 ward on ''one," touch forward on ''two," and change step. 
 
 6. Extension, touch and change steps. 
 
 7. Walk step and point, alternating left and right. 
 
 a. Walk three steps forward and point. 
 
 h. Three side steps and point. 
 
 c. Three slide steps, sideways or forward and point. 
 
 Polka Slide or Glide. Take four slides, alternating left 
 and right (see follow slide). This may be done forward 
 or sideways. In taking it sideways, turn the body 180° 
 on the first slide. Three follow slides with the change 
 step added give a gavotte step. Bring the heels together 
 before taking the change step. 
 
 Polka Hop. This is a combination of swing hop and 
 change step, four counts. 
 
 Swing the left leg forward and hop on the right foot on 
 "one," follow with the change step, beginning with the 
 raised leg. 
 
 Polka Combinations. 1. Step to the left on "one," point 
 step forward right on "two." Same to the left. Four 
 counts in all. Polka hop, alternating left and right. The 
 same may be done in couples, facing each other in the step 
 
FANCY STEPS 193 
 
 and point, and facing the front for the polka hop, or sub- 
 stituting for the polka hop the polka glide, still keeping 
 the formation facing each other. Join inner hands, and 
 place outer hands upon the hips. 
 
 2. Balance side step, alternating left and right, six counts; 
 polka hop forward. 
 
 3. Balance step forward or sideways with polka slide. 
 
 4. Balance point, six counts; three slide steps and point. 
 
 5. Touch step forward heel, cross touch step backward 
 toe, and polka hop forward. This may be accompanied 
 by clapping of the hands during a portion of the steps. 
 
 Schottische Steps. Walk three steps forward and point 
 forw^ard, four counts. Walk three steps forward, sw^ing the 
 leg forward, four counts. Run three steps forward, swing 
 the leg forward. Run three steps forward and on the fourth 
 count swing the leg forward, at the same time hop on the 
 weight foot (three running steps and the hop swing). This 
 last is the schottische step. 
 
 1. Take schottische step forward left and right, eight 
 counts; hop step on place, eight counts. 
 
 2. Take schottische step forward, eight coimts ; hop swing 
 on place, eight counts. 
 
 Change Step Combination. In couples. Join inner 
 hands, outer hands placed upon the hips; begin with the 
 outside foot. 
 
 Change step forward, twelve counts. One on left circles 
 under raised joined hands, one on right takes short change 
 step forward, twelve counts. Reverse same. Change step 
 forward, twelve counts. Both circle under. Twelve counts. 
 Repeat. 
 
 13 
 
PAET III. 
 
 GAMES. 
 
 Games and plays are a fundamental 
 principle in and a strong factor of gym- 
 nastic work. No scheme for physical 
 exercise is complete unless it recognizes 
 and to some extent provides for this 
 side of the classroom work. For this 
 reason a few such games, together with 
 others needing a free floor space, are 
 given to be used in connection with 
 the previous lessons. 
 
 (195) 
 
GAMES FOR THP] CLASSROOM. 
 
 I. LAST DOWN. 
 
 The leader or teacher gives any gymnastic command 
 with which the pupils are familiar. Whoever fails to exe- 
 cute it quickly and accurately is told to sit down. If a 
 failure is made and not noticed by the leader the one mak- 
 ing it may correct it and remain standing, provided the 
 correction is not noticed. The last one down wins the 
 game. 
 
 11. BEAN BAG GAMES. (Passing.) 
 
 Practise passing the bag first while the pupils are seated, 
 as it is easier to detect and correct mistakes. 
 1. Vertical Passing (pupils seated). 
 
 o 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 4 
 
 3 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 FRONT. 
 
 
 a. Place one bean bag in front of each form. At a given 
 signal the bags are taken up by the first pupils and passed, 
 
 ( 197 ) 
 
198 GAMES 
 
 without skipping any pupil, to the back of the class. The 
 last pupil in the form holds up the bag as soon as it is 
 received and scores a point for that form. 
 h. Pass to the front. 
 
 c. Pass to the back and to the front without stopping. 
 
 d. With a bag for forms 1 and 3 each, pass back in 1 and 
 3 and front in 2 and 4 without stopping. 
 
 2. Vertical Multi-passing (pupils seated), a. Each form 
 has four bags placed on the front desk. Pass the bags in 
 quick succession as in No. 1 a. No pupil should have two 
 bags in his hands at the same time. Each pupil must take 
 each bag in turn. If the last pupil in any form places all 
 the bags in his form on his desk first, that form wins. 
 
 h. Pass in the same way to the front, 
 c. Pass as in No. 1 d. 
 
 3. Circle Passing (pupils standing), a. Arrange the class 
 in a circle around the room. 
 
 o o o^^^^ 
 o o 
 
 o o 
 
 o o 
 
 o o 
 
 o o 
 
 c o 
 
 o o 
 
 lO o o 
 
 20 
 
 Pass as quickly as possible one bag from 1 to 20. Pass 
 from 20 to 1. 
 
FOR THE CLASSROOM 199 
 
 h. Place two bags on the desk by No. 1. Pass from 1 to 
 20. Start the second bag when the first has reached the 
 third pupil. Pass in like manner from 20 to 1. 
 
 c. Pass the bags twice around the circle without stopping. 
 The number of bags may be increased. 
 
 4. Semicircle Passing (pupils standing), a. Divide the 
 circle into two halves, groups A and B. Each division 
 passes a bag from the first to the tenth. Score for the win- 
 ning side. Pass in the same way from the. tenth to the 
 first. 
 
 h. Pass as in No. 3 h two or more bags from 1 
 to 10. 
 
 5. Circular Passing (pupils standing), a. Pass the bag 
 as in No. 4 a, excepting that the bag is passed around in 
 Group A, from the right hand to the left around the body 
 to the right hand again and then to the pupil on the left. 
 In Group B it is passed in the opposite manner. 
 
 h. Pass as in a, using two or more bags, one after the 
 other. 
 
 6. Sideways Passing. Pupils stand and face right or left, 
 toward the side of the room. 
 
 a. Pass as in No. 1 a, 
 h. Pass as in No. 1 h. 
 
 c. Pass as in No. 1 c. 
 
 d. Pass as in No. 1 d, having forms 1 and 2j 3 and 4, facing 
 each other. 
 
 e. Pass as in d, using several bags instead of one. 
 
 /. In the upper grades, pass one bag a certain number of 
 times as ''back, front, back," or ''back, front, and back 
 three pupils, '^ the last one always holding it up. 
 
200 GAMES 
 
 7. Vertical Overhead Passing. The class stands facing 
 the front of the room. 
 
 a. Pass in each form a bag to the back, over the head, 
 using both hands. 
 
 h. Face about and pass to the front in the same way. 
 c. Combine a and b. 
 
 8. Zigzag Passing. The pupils in each two forms face 
 
 each other and stand diagonally opposite. 
 a. Pass a bag from 1 to 2, from 2 to 3, etc., 
 o to the back. 
 
 o h. Pass to the back and again to the front 
 
 o without stopping. Score either one point for 
 
 ° the winning group, or the number of points 
 ^ ° made over the other, that is, if No. 6 of Group 
 
 A has the bag when the last one in Group B 
 o I has one. Group B makes four points. If there 
 are an uneven number in any group the bag 
 may be passed back from the last to the number neces- 
 sary to make the sides even. 
 
 III. BEAN BAG. (Running.) 
 
 1. Desk Bean Bag (sitting) . Place one bag on each of the 
 desks in the front row. The pupils in the first row across 
 stand, and, at a given signal, take the bag?, run to the back 
 and place them on the corresponding desks at the back, 
 then return to their own seats, taking the position of 
 ''attention" in sitting. The pupil obtaining the best and 
 quickest result scores a point for his form. The next row 
 
FOR THE CLASSROOM 201 
 
 now stands, and, at a signal, returns the bags to the front 
 desks and takes the sittmg ''attention" position. This is 
 repeated, changing the bags from the front to the back 
 and from the back to the front desks, until all the pupils 
 have had a chance. 
 
 2. Desk Bean Bag (standing). Change the bags as in 
 No. 1, but instead of the pupils starting from the desks, 
 each row in turn starts from the back of the room, and, 
 after placing the bags in the required positions, runs 
 back to the starting position and takes the standing 
 position of ''attention." After all have run the first 
 pupil to score from each form may now compete with 
 each other. 
 
 3. Desk Bean Bag (circle). The pupils stand in a semi- 
 circle around the room, with a space at the back the 
 length of the row of desks. ' The first four or five, corre- 
 sponding to the number of aisles, march forward and run 
 as in No. 2. When the first group has finished it moves to 
 the other end of the semicircle, and the next group moves 
 to take its place. This is repeated until all have had a 
 chance to run. 
 
 4. Aisle Run. Form two semicircles around the room. 
 Place a chair at the front of the room at equal distance 
 from the farther ends of the two lines. Pass a bag from 
 each No. 1 pupil to the end. When the last pupil gets 
 the bag he runs forward down one of the aisles and places 
 it upon the chair. The side succeeding in getting the bag 
 first on the chair scores a point. The runners may now 
 take their places at the beginning and the next move for- 
 ward to the position of runners, or the same pupils may 
 
202 
 
 GAMES 
 
 remain runners throughout the game. Count the points 
 at the end of the game. 
 
 Runner. 
 
 O 
 O 
 
 o 
 A o 
 o 
 
 Runner. 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 o B 
 
 o 
 
 oi 
 
 10 
 
 X 
 Chair. 
 
 5. Last to the Front. The pupils are arranged with a 
 vacant aisle between each form. Those in the front row 
 
 have handkerchiefs tied around their arms. Each form 
 has a bag which is passed from the front to the back. 
 When the last one gets the bag he runs down the right 
 vacant aisle and stands in the position previously occupied 
 by the first pupil, . all moving a step toward the back. 
 The passing and changing are repeated until the leaders 
 are again back in place and all in that form are in 
 
FOR THE CLASSROOM 203 
 
 their original positions. The form first succeeding in 
 this wins. 
 
 IV. BEAN BAG. (Throwing.) 
 
 1. Zigzag Toss. Arrange the pupils in the zigzag position 
 of No. 8 bag passing. Stand so that each touches the desk 
 or the seat behind. 
 
 a. Toss the bag instead of passing, as in No. 8 a. 
 h. Toss back and front without stopping. 
 
 2. Centre Toss. Arrange the pupils in a semicircle, facing 
 the centre. Select one to stand in the centre of the semi- 
 circle, holding a bag. 
 
 o 
 
 Centre. 
 
 
 o 
 
 03 
 
 O 
 
 
 o 
 
 02 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 oi 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 Head. 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 ^ Foot. 
 
 The centre tosses to No. 1, who tosses it back to the 
 centre; centre now tosses it to No. 2, who tosses it back 
 again. This is repeated with every player. Whoever fails 
 to catch the bag or make a fair toss goes to the foot. If 
 the centre fails he goes to the foot and the head, or No. 1, 
 taj^es his place. 
 
 3. Cross Centre Toss. The arrangement of the pupils is 
 the same as in No. 2. Two bags are used instead of one. 
 
204 GAMES 
 
 No. 1 throws to the centre, as the centre throws to No, 2. 
 No. 2 throws to the centre, as the centre throws to No. 3, 
 etc., the bags crossing in the toss. 
 
 4. Circle Pitching. Arrange the class in two semicircles 
 around the room with an open space at the front and back. 
 
 o o 
 
 A o OB 
 
 o o 
 
 lo O 1 
 
 o 
 
 X Distance 
 point. 
 
 Draw a circle with chalk on the floor in the front of room 
 and mark off an equal distance on opposite sides of the 
 circle. No. 1 pupil from each group stands upon the mark 
 on his side, holding a bean bag. Each tries to throw the 
 bag into the circle. If tHe bag projects beyond the chalk- 
 line it does not count. After throwing, the pupils pass up 
 the nearest aisle and take their places at the other end of 
 the lines. The next in order pick up the bags and throw as 
 the first. Allow the Groups A and B to alternate in the 
 first throw. One-half of the circle should be marked one 
 color and one-half another color, and the groups named 
 accordingly. Two circles may be used after the pupils 
 have had practice in throwing, but one circle is better 
 at first, especially for the lower grades, as two divide the 
 attention. 
 
FOR THE CLASSROOM 
 
 205 
 
 5. Multi-circle Pitching. Mark opposite each aisle as 
 many circles on the floor in front of the room as there 
 are aisles. Select an equal distance from the circles in the 
 direction of the several aisles. Modify the distance to suit 
 the grade. The circles may be numbered or drawn in 
 o o o o 
 
 12 3 4 
 
 different colors, or half the number of circles may be one 
 color and half another. Each pupil in the front row 
 stands upon a distance-mark and holds a bean bag, 
 which, at a signal, he tries to throw into a circle in 
 front, after which this row is seated and the next row 
 goes forward to pick up the bag and throw in turn. 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 6. Frame Pitching. Mark out a frame upon the floor in 
 the front of the room. The pupils may stand as in No. 4, 
 or remain seated until their turn to throw. 
 
206 
 
 GAMES 
 
 Each pupil in throwing stands upon a marked ''distance- 
 point" and tries to throw upon the highest number, or to 
 dislodge an opponent's bag, and still remain upon a square. 
 Each side throws alternately. If the class is small each 
 pupil may have two throws in succession, otherwise only 
 one. When six bags have been thrown the score is counted 
 and the game then continues as before. The bags belong- 
 ing to each side must be designated in some way. This may 
 be done by sewing a piece of red worsted into one-half of 
 them. 
 
 V. BALL GAMES. 
 
 Almost all the passing games with the bean bags may 
 
 be played by substituting balls. Any kind of ball will do 
 
 for passing. 
 
 1. Desk Roll. The pupils stand, the two neighboring 
 
 forms facing, with the tops of the desks between. 
 
 No. 1, who remains seated in front, passes 
 a ball to No. 2, who rolls it across the top 
 of the desk to No. 3, No. 3 passes it to No. 
 4, No. 4 rolls it to No. 5, and so on until it 
 reaches No. 9, when it is started back in 
 the opposite direction. When No. 1 gets the 
 ball he stands and holds it up. The first 
 group to finish wins. An error is made if the 
 ball is dropped and not returned to the one 
 dropping it; if the ball is passed across the 
 desk instead of rolled ; if the ball is passed to 
 the wrong one. If an error is not corrected 
 
 the group making it is barred from scoring at that time. 
 
 If there are more pupils than can play at the same time 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
FOR THE CLASSROOM 207 
 
 allow the extra ones to change places with those playing 
 whenever an error, or several errors, are made and not 
 corrected. It is difficult for one person to watch more than 
 two groups at once. 
 
 2. Zigzag Toss. As No. 1 bean bag (throwing). 
 
 3. Guess Ball. The pupils remain seated, excepting the 
 one who is selected to go to the front of the room. This 
 one stands with his back fo the class. The pupils have a 
 soft rubber ball which is passed from right to left, or vice 
 versa, while the one in front counts to a certain designated 
 number and calls ''throw!" Whoever has the ball tries 
 to hit the counter, who quickly turns and guesses who 
 threw the ball. If he succeeds the two change places; if 
 not the game goes on with the same counter. 
 
 4. Bounce Ball. Use a soft rubber ball which bounces 
 well. The pupils are seated. Mark a circle on the black- 
 board in front, higher than the heads of the pupils when 
 standing, a larger circle for the lower g-rades. Appoint 
 some one to start the game. This pupil rises and throws 
 the ball at the marked circle, making it bounce back among 
 the pupils, who try to catch it, but without leaving their 
 seats. If it rolls on the floor a pupil may reach for it, but 
 must not leave his seat. Whoever gets it stands and 
 throws it at the circle, unless he has previously done so, 
 in which case he tosses it to the nearest pupil who has not 
 already thrown it. The pupils stand in throwing the ball 
 either at the circle or to another pupil. If desirable, points 
 may be counted when the inside of the circle is hit, but in 
 the lower grades the primary interest is catching and 
 throwing the ball. In the higher grades the class may be 
 
 t 
 
/ 
 
 208 GAMES 
 
 divided into two groups and the points made by the two 
 groups scored. It maj^ be better to place the poorer 
 catchers and throwers in front. 
 
 5. Centre Toss. As in No. 2 bean bag (throwing). 
 
 6. Cross Centre Toss. As in No. 3 bean bag (throwing). 
 
 7. Form Toss. 
 
 o o o o 
 o o o o 
 o o o o 
 
 4 3 2 1 
 
 Pass a rubber ball to each pupil in form 1. Forms 1 
 and 3 stand and face each other. The pupils in form 1 
 throw to their opposites in form 3. Score for 3 the number 
 of points made. A catch counts one point. Form 3 now 
 throws to form 1 and form 1 scores. The balls are now 
 passed to form 2. 1 and 3 are seated. 2 and 4 stand and 
 continue the game. A very poor throw is barred. After 
 playing a certain length of time scores made by each form 
 are added. 
 
 Instead of scoring for each separate form 1 and 3 may 
 be Group A and play together; 2 and 4, Group B and play 
 together. The scores count for the groups instead of for 
 the forms. If there are six forms the distance may be 
 doubled, 1 and 4, 2 and 5, 3 and 6 tossing the ball to each 
 other. 
 
FOR THE CLASSROOM 209 
 
 8. Last to the Front. Use a basket-ball. a. If only two 
 balls are used the pupils stand in two semicircles, facing 
 the front of the room. The game is similar to No. 5 bean 
 bag (running). The ball must be passed over the head 
 with both hands. If it is dropped it must be returned to 
 the pupil who dropped it. 
 
 h. The same general arrangement, but the feet are placed 
 sideways. Roll the ball between the feet instead of passing 
 it over the head. 
 
 c. The same arrangement as h. Each form, first pass 
 the ball over the head and then roll between the feet. 
 
 9. Volley Ball. Use a large gas-ball.* Divide the room 
 into two parts, using the centre aisle as the dividing area. 
 Any number of players are arranged in the three or 
 four aisles on either side of the centre and facmg it. All 
 the players on one side of the centre belong to that side. 
 The boundary lines are chosen in accordance with the shape 
 of the room. 
 
 The ball is put in play by a pupil tossing it in the air, as 
 in tennis, and serving with the palm of the hand. Players 
 serve in succession, alternating with one of the opponents. 
 If the server on the first or second trial puts the ball into 
 the opponent's court (the space enclosed by the centre 
 aisle and the boundary lines) it is a successful serve. A 
 successful server may continue to serve until the opponents 
 score. A score is made whenever the opponents fail to 
 return the ball. The ball is kept in play as long as the 
 players keep the ball in motion back and forth from one 
 side to the other. Serves and returns are made with the 
 palm of the hand. When the ball strikes outside of the 
 
 14 
 
 \ 
 
210 GAMES 
 
 boundary lines or in the centre aisle it is ''out'^ and no 
 score is made. Service now goes to the opponents. If the 
 ball strikes any part of the room, excepting the floor, and 
 bounces back within the court it is still in play. It is a 
 foul to catch or hold the ball, and counts a point for the 
 opposite side. 
 
 The game is in two halves, with a rest between; change 
 sides of room at the beginning of the second half. 
 
 Appoint a scorekeeper and two or more boundary 
 judges, the latter to see when the ball is ''out.'' The 
 instructor may act as referee, timekeeper, etc. 
 
GAMES FOR THE GYMNASIUM OR PLAYROOM. 
 
 Cat and Rat. The players join hands and form a circle 
 facing the centre. Any two players standing side by side 
 are selected, one for the cat and the other for the rat, step- 
 ping out of the circle. The space occupied by these is left 
 open for a door. The rat runs and the cat tries to catch it. 
 The rat is assisted by the other players, who raise their 
 joined hands, allowing him easily to pass under. Both 
 may pass through the door. When the rat is caught, or at 
 the end of a certain selected time, the next two on the right 
 of the door become cat and rat. 
 
 Slap Jack. One player is chosen ^4t/' the rest form a 
 close circle. The one who is "it" slaps a member of the 
 circle on the back and continues running in the same direc- 
 tion. The one slapped quickly leaves the circle and runs 
 in the opposite direction. Each tries to reach the vacant 
 place in the circle first. The one who does not, becomes 
 ''it.'' To vary the game, the runners may bow, shake 
 hands, hop around each other, or make any other selected 
 movement when they meet and pass. If the one who is 
 ''it" goes around the circle before slapping a player, he 
 loses his chance. 
 
 Three-deep Tag. The players form in twos, standing 
 directly behind each other in a circle, facing the centre, 
 with considerable space between each couple. Two players 
 are chosen; one as catcher, the other pursued. 
 
 ( 211 ) 
 
212 GAMES 
 
 The pursued tries to get in front of a couple before he is 
 tagged; if he succeeds he is safe. The outer one of that 
 group, who now is the third one, becomes the pursued and 
 must try in turn to get into a safe place in front of a couple. 
 If the pursued is tagged, he in turn becomes the catcher 
 and tries now to tag the previous catcher or any outer one 
 in a group of three. 
 
 O 
 
 o o o 
 o o 
 
 o o o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 O O Q 
 
 o o 
 
 o 
 
 O o 
 
 o 
 
 Last Couple Out. Two vertical lines are formed side by 
 side. One player, who is selected as catcher, stands in 
 front of and close to the others, with his back to them. He 
 calls ^' Last couple out!" or claps his hands, upon which the 
 last two separate, one running to one side, the other to 
 the other side of the players. The object of the two is to 
 meet anywhere in front of the two lines before the catcher 
 tags one. If they succeed they take their places at the 
 head of the lines, standing directly behind the catcher. 
 If one is tagged, he in turn becomes the catcher, and the 
 other two stand at the head of the line. The catcher is 
 
FOR THE GY^INASITTM OR PLAYROOM 218 
 
 not allowed to turn his head to look back of his standing 
 position. 
 
 Stealing Sticks. Two goals are marked off, one at each 
 end of the room, in each of which are placed six sticks or 
 dumb-bells. A dividing line across the floor marks mid- 
 way between the goals. One-half the players are on each 
 side. Each side tries to prevent the opposite side from 
 stealing its sticks, at the same time trying to get the sticks 
 of the opponent. If an opponent is caught over the divid- 
 ing line, unless he is already within the goal, where he 
 cannot be caught, he becomes a prisoner and must remain 
 within the opponent's goal until rescued by a player from 
 his own side. If he succeeds in getting within the opponents' 
 goal he may then take one of the sticks back to his own 
 goal, unless there is a prisoner, in which case he rescues a 
 prisoner instead of taking a stick. The players must stand 
 neat the dividing line and not near the goal. Whichever 
 side has the most sticks at the end of the game wins. 
 
 Fisherman. One player is selected as catcher, or fisher- 
 man, and stands near the centre of the room. When the 
 fisherman claps, the rest (the fish) try to run from one end 
 of the room to the other without being caught. When a 
 player is caught he joins hands with the fisherman, and 
 they become the net and the game proceeds as before. The 
 net must not break by letting go hands. After four or six 
 compose the net, there may be two equal nets instead of 
 one. When all are caught the last one becomes the new 
 fisherman. 
 
 Black and White. The players stand in two parallel lines 
 in the centre of the room, backs toward each other and 
 
214 GAMES 
 
 about two feet apart. One line is called black and the other 
 white. At equal distances parallel lines are drawn, beyond 
 which are the goals. A disk, one side black and the other 
 white, is spun; which color falls uppermost is called aloud 
 by the one spinning the disk; if black, the line called black 
 must run toward their goal, the other trying to tag them. 
 When a player is tagged he joins the opposite side or drops 
 from the game. The side wins which has the greater 
 number of players at the end of the game. 
 
 Snatch Tag. Two groups of players are lined up, facing 
 each other, one at each end of the room. A handkerchief 
 is placed half-way between on a chair or on the top of an 
 Indian club. Upon a point directly opposite stands a 
 player from each side, who, at a given signal, runs forward 
 and tries to snatch the handkerchief and take it back to 
 his own side before being caught by the one who fails in 
 snatching the handkerchief. If successful the opponent 
 stays on his side; if not, he must go to the other side. 
 
 Counter Tag. A similar game is played by placing some 
 object, as a chair or club, slightly nearer one side than the 
 other, the near side being the pursued, the other the catcher. 
 One from the pursued tries to run around the object and 
 back to place before being caught by one of the catchers. 
 The result of winning or failing is the same as in snatch tag. 
 
 Relay Race. Draw a certain number of numbered circles, 
 five or six, at one end of the room, in which are placed five 
 Indian clubs or dumb-bells. On a line with each of the 
 circles, at equal distances from each other and the circles, 
 mark five crosses. Players equal to the number of circles 
 try to see which can place the bells upon the crosses first. 
 
FOR THE GYMNASIUM OR PLAYROOM 215 
 
 only one bell being taken at a time. Whoever does this 
 first wins the set. The next set returns the bells to the 
 circles one at a time. All the bells must be within the circle 
 to count. The winners from each set may compete with 
 each other if the game is individual. 
 
 Clap Stand. One is selected as leader. The other players 
 stand at one end of the room. The leader stands in front 
 with back to the players and walks slowly toward the other 
 end of the room. AVhen he claps his hands twice all of the 
 players run forward, but if he claps his hands once they 
 must stop perfectly still. If he catches any one moving, 
 that player is pointed out and goes to the rear of the other 
 players. Two claps are again given and the movement 
 forward is repeated. The object is to reach the other end 
 of the room first. If any player can succeed in stealing 
 forward after the one clap, he may take his chances of not 
 being caught and try. 
 
 BALL GAMES. 
 
 Zigzag Roll. Seat the players in a zigzag position in two 
 groups any required equal distance. Use either a large or 
 a small ball and roll in the same direction as zigzag toss in 
 No. 1 of bean bag (throwing). Count either a point for 
 the winning side, or as many points as determined by the 
 position of the opponent's ball when the winning group 
 finishes. 
 
 Tag Ball (passing). Use a rubber ball. The players 
 form in a circle facing the centre. One player is chosen 
 catcher and takes his place outside the circle. The ball is 
 
216 GAMES 
 
 passed from right to left, each player taking it. If the 
 catcher succeeds in touching the ball or the hand of the one 
 holding it, they change places. If the ball is dropped it 
 counts as a tag for the one dropping it. After passing from 
 right to left several times, pass from left to right, and later 
 either way, right or left. 
 
 Tag Ball (tossing). Use a basket-ball. The players 
 stand some distance apart in a circle, facing the centre. 
 Throw the ball instead of passing it as in the previous 
 game; otherwise it is played the same. A poor throw 
 counts against the player as a tag or a failure to catch 
 would. In this the catcher may run in the inside also. 
 
 Relay Ball. The players are divided into two groups, 
 each group stationed on opposite sides of the room in corre- 
 sponding positions, forming a triangle, a semicircle, a 
 straight line, or any selected form. A basket-ball is started 
 from the same position in either side and thrown in the same 
 sequence from one player to another. It may be returned 
 to the starting position or any other position may be 
 selected to finish the throwing, when the last to receive 
 it may either hold it or run and deposit it upon some 
 selected place. Whichever group does this first wins. 
 
 Dodge Ball. Use a soft rubber ball. The players form a 
 circle, within which are any selected number, say six. 
 Those composing the circle throw the ball and try to hit 
 those inside the circle. When they succeed, those hit join 
 the circle. A hit above the shoulders does not count. 
 When this set has joined the circle, the next six step inside, 
 and so on until all have had a chance. 
 
 Diagonal Ball. Use rubber balls. 
 
FOR THE GYMNASIUM OR PLAYROOM 217 
 
 a. The players are divided into two groups, A's and B's, 
 and stand in two lines facing each other, so arranged that 
 one A is diagonally opposite another: 
 
 ®® 
 ®® 
 ®® 
 ®® 
 
 One ball is given to A and one to B at the same ends of 
 the lines. The object is to toss the ball in a diagonal 
 direction to the other end, and no B must touch an A ball. 
 Whichever side gets its ball down first wins. The balls 
 may be started at opposite ends of the lines, instead of at 
 one end. The A's may tie handkerchiefs around their arms 
 to distinguish them, and their ball may be of a different 
 color, but this is not necessary. This game may be played 
 in the classroom. 
 
 h. Arrange the players in the same way, each one a short 
 distance from his neighbor, standing upon a circle in which 
 no other player may step. Toss up between No. 1 in A 
 and B to see which has the ball at the start. Whichever 
 side secures the ball tries to toss it in a diagbnal (zigzag) 
 manner all the way to the other end, in which case ten 
 points are made. If the direct diagonal direction is 
 guarded by the opponent the ball may be passed to others 
 of the same side until an opportunity is given to resume 
 correct succession. The opponents try to secure the ball, 
 in which case one point is scored. They in turn must try 
 
218 GAMES 
 
 to pass it from either end to the other. Only the two 
 nearest opponents may try to interfere with the ball 
 when it is in play. 
 
 Over the Lines. Use a basket-ball. Two lines are drawn 
 across the centre of the floor about three feet apart, 
 a greater distance for older players. The players are 
 divided into two equal groups, one group on one side, the 
 other on the other, placed so that the floor space on their 
 respective sides is well covered. One from each side is 
 chosen; these step to the centre between the two lines and 
 face each other. The ball is thrown into the air between 
 them and each tries to secure it for his own side. A score 
 is made when one side throws a ball that the opponents 
 fail to catch. The one who catches the ball must throw it. 
 He may throw it from the position caught or go up to his 
 own line. If a ball falls between the two lines it is a foul 
 and takes one point from the side throwing it. If desirable 
 a ball caught on the first bounce may be counted a catch. 
 This is splendid practice for basket-ball, and any number 
 may play. 
 
 Captain Ball. Use a basket-ball. The players are divided 
 into two sides. A certain number of circles are drawn on 
 each side of a dividing line across the centre of the floor. 
 The circles oh each side are arranged in a semicircle around 
 a common circle drawn near the dividing line. The number 
 of circles varies according to the number of players. Each 
 circle is guarded by a player from the opposite side. The 
 ball is thrown up between the two centres. 
 
 Each side tries to pass the ball from any circle to their 
 respective centre, or to pass the ball from Circle 1 in sue- 
 
FOR THE GYMNASIUM OR PLAYROOM 219 
 
 cession to Circle 5, or vice verm, in which case a point is 
 also scored. The opponents, as guards, try to prevent 
 this, and at the same time get the ball to a player on their 
 own side. The guards cannot step over the dividing line 
 
 ®A 
 
 (?)e ^"^ b(? 
 
 
 
 B B 
 
 A 
 
 J 2 
 
 B 
 
 nor into one of the circles. A circle player must throw 
 the ball from his circle. He cannot go out of his circle 
 toward the centre to get the ball. The opponents cannot 
 go beyond the circles to get the ball. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Alternate heel and toe raising, 58 
 Arm circling, 55 
 circumduction, 82 
 flinging sidewaj^s, 53 
 raising, 62 
 forward, 62 
 sideways, 34 
 sideways-upward, 53 
 rotation, 53 
 stretching, 44 
 backward, 46 
 downward, 31 
 forward, 42 
 sideways, 36 
 star position, 50 
 upward, 52, 
 Arms bending, 48 
 forward, 50 
 half-forward, 65 
 sideways, 58 
 upward, 31 
 Attention, 29 
 Cross step, 109 
 Facing, 56 
 about, 56 
 half, 52 
 
 left and right, 41 
 Fall out, 148 
 Fancy steps, 187 
 
 balance steps, 191 
 change step, 190 
 
 step combinations, 193 
 combinations of fundamental 
 
 steps, 192 
 extension step, 190 
 follow steps, 190 
 
 shde, 190 
 hop step, 191 
 
 Fancy steps — 
 
 march steps forward, 189 
 polka shde, 192 
 combinations, 192 
 hop, 192 
 schottische steps, 193 
 skip step, 191 
 swing steps, 190 
 touch steps, 189 
 Feet close, 30 
 
 sideways place, 38 
 Foot placing, 35 
 backward, 35 
 outward, 44 
 forward, 35 
 outward, 42 
 sideways, 31 
 Forward dress, 60 
 Games for the classroom, 197 
 ball games, 206 
 bounce ball, 207 
 centre toss, 208 
 cross centre toss, 208 
 desk roll, 206 
 form toss, 208 
 guess ball, 207 
 last to the front, 209 
 volley ball, 209 
 zigzag toss, 207 
 bean bag passing, 197 
 circle passing, 198 
 circular passing, 199 
 semicircle passing, 199 
 sideways passing, 199 
 vertical passing (pupils 
 seated), 197 
 multi-passing (pupils 
 seated), 198 
 
 (221) 
 
222 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Games for the classroom — 
 
 vertical overhead pass- 
 ing, 199 
 zigzag passing, 200 
 bean bag running, 200 
 aisle run, 201 
 desk bean bag sitting, 
 '200 
 
 circle, 201 
 standing, 201 
 last to the front, 202 
 bean bag throwing, 203 
 centre toss, 203 
 circle pitching, 204 
 cross centre toss, 203 
 frame pitching, 205 
 multi-circle pitching, 204 
 zigzag toss, 203 
 last down, 197 
 Games for the gymnasium or play- 
 room, 211 
 black and white, 213 
 cat and rat, 211 
 clap stand, 215 
 counter tag, 214 
 fisherman, 213 
 last couple out, 212 
 relay race, 214 
 slap jack, 211 
 scratch tag, 214 
 stealing stick, 213 
 three-deep tag, 211 
 ball games, 215 
 captain ball, 218 
 diagonal ball, 216 
 dodge ball, 216 
 over the line, 218 
 relay ball, 216 
 tag ball passing, 215 
 
 tossing, 216 
 zigzag roll, 215 
 Guide front, 35 
 
 left and right, 48 
 Halt, 60 
 
 Head bending, 30 
 backward, 30 
 sideways, 46 
 
 Head rotation, 42 
 
 twisting, 39 
 Heel raising, 31 
 Hips firm, 30 
 In place, rest, 29 
 Jump, 152 
 
 forward with one start step, 
 
 152 
 in place, 66 
 
 facing 90°, 122 
 prepare to jump, 62 
 sideways, 163 
 Jump, spring, 97 
 
 change to feet sideways, 97 
 
 change from touch step side- 
 ways, 105 
 
 in place, 78 
 Knee bending, 68 
 
 alternate upward, 69 
 
 backward, 81 
 
 bend, 38 
 
 deep bend, 75 
 
 upward, 170 
 sideways move, 182 
 Leg raising, 101 
 
 backward, 102 
 
 forward, 97 
 
 sideways, 87 
 Leg stretching, 83 
 
 backward, 83 
 
 forward, 174 
 March step, 38 
 
 backward, 38 
 
 forward, 38 
 
 sideways, 35 
 Mark time, 60 
 
 quick, 76 
 Neck firm, 34 
 Position, 30 
 Resume, 54 
 Toe raising, 52 
 Touch step, 105 
 Trunk bending, 56 
 
 backward, 58 
 
 forward, 42 
 
 sideways, 58 
 twisting, 63 
 
J\l\- 
 
 21 ^904