Qass. Book. ■•••••••PORTLAND-.--.-- -.^-.-•AND-.-.VlClNlTY^.^.-.-. •:• AN ILLUSTRATED SOUVENIR AND ALL-THE-YEAR-ROUND GUIDE TO THE CITY OF PORTLAND -^11^ WITH SKETCHES •:• OF •:• OLD •:• ORCHARD BEACH, •:• CUSHING'S • AND PEAK'S ISLANDS, •:• AND •:• OTHER •:• FAMOUS RESORTS IN THE VICINITY • OF PORTLAND •:• <> •:• <> <- <> •:• <> •:• BY EDWARD H. ELWELL. REVISED AND EDITED BY ROBERT GRIEVE. ^\^^^^'^^^IZ^]^]^^Jc PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND: J. A. & R. A. REID. PORTLAND, MAINE: LORING, SHORT & HARMON. PORTLAND AND VICINITY. HARPSWELL STEAMB OAT CO MPANY. FORTY MILES SAIL among the islands of CASCO BAY. NKW A-yU KI.enANT MTeAMBKM MERRYCONEAG, GORD ON, ALICE. Route from Poitlancl to Orr's Islaiul, toucliiiig at all inlermediatc landings. Leaving Portland at 9 and 10 A. m., and at 2 and 5 p. m. H. P. DEWEY, ISAIAH DANIELS, Prr>iilenl. <;ru<'rnl .YInnniirr. C. W^ YORK, COAL^WOOD. Nos. 60 Commercial, 6 Washington, and cor. Danfortii and Ciarl( Sts., TELEIPHIOIN-El 68 7-B. Wood sawi'd and split by steam power. Coal and WikhI at lowest market prices. Orders solicited. J ^ Z'bt ^vtiMt. IN PRESENTING THE THIRD EDITION OF PORT- LAND AND VICINITY, WE OFFER NO APOLOGY. THE UNDOUBTED EXCELLENCE OF THE WORK, AMPLE . WITHOUT . BEING . TRIVIAL . IN . ITS DETAILS, ACCURATE, BUT NEITHER DULL NOR DRY, THOROUGH BOTH AS TO HISTORY AND DESCRIPTIVE MATTER, WITH THE LENGTH OF TIME WHICH HAS ELAPSED SINCE THE ISSUE OF THE LAST EDITION, IS SUFFICIENT REASON FOR A REPUBLICATION. THE TEXT HAS BEEN CAREFULLY REVISED, AND THE PEN-SKETCHES OF THE CITY VERIFIED AND CONFORMED TO THE MOST RECENT CHANGES AND IMPROVE- MENTS. SPECIAL CARE HAS BEEN GIVEN TO THE MANUFACTURING AND BUSINESS INTER- ESTS. WE TRUST THE GUIDE MAY PROVE A SOURCE OF PLEASURE AND PROFIT TO BOTH THE CITIZEN AND THE INQUIRING STRANGER. Eije tluftlisijeis. PORTLAND AND VICINITY. tar Matches. ^appanted ' f HG SaFCST, iURBST AND icST FOE HOME USE OR EXPORT. MANDFACTCRED ONLY BY Portland I Star S Match I Co., [Eatalili«hec1 1830.] B, TtirKlfti 4 ^^,, PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS, <)7 1-3 Kxclifiiige, and io8 Mtirket StreetM, ItltOW'N TIII'IfSTON. ;i:0. II. WATKINS. WE PUBLISH History ok Norway, Maim:, roval octavo, 676 pp. III., (.sheep. $5.00), cloth, History oi' the i6th Maink Regi.mk.vt, by Maj. .\. R. Small, 300 pp., III. History of PARsoNsriELi), 516 pp., 100 III., cloth, Wii-Lky's Anti-Slavery History, 121110, 514 pp., III., Portland City Directory, Annual, Crawford's White Mountains, 228 pp.. III. Thurston Genealogies, 600 pp., b_v mail, Greene's CJuestions i.n Surgery, York Deeds, 4 vols., per vol., York Wills, i vol., 965 pp., . The Stanley Family, 352 pp., III., . The Marston Genealoc.y, 604 pp.. III., clolh, A Tale of Home and War, 200 pp., THE LARGEST BOOK AND JOB PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT IN MAINE. $4.00 1.50 .3-.SO 1.50 2.50 1.50 .';■-.'; 1. 00 5.00 5.00 3.00 1.30 CONTENTS. C Asco Bay, •-.... q Portland : A Glance at its History, • . . . 8 topographt, . . . . . _ _ 9 j Distinguished Portlanders, • • • • . 25 "Walks Abodt Town : From Market Square to the Eastern Promenade, . . . 38 From Market Square to the Western Promenade, . . 55 From Market Square to India and Commercial Streets, . . 70 Some New Features of the C'it\-. The Union Station, •••-.. 86 The Portland Club and its New House, . . . .87 Improvements in the Harbor, • • • . . 88 Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, ..... ;)0 The Longfellow Monument, • • • . . 90 Notes on the Business of Portland, . . . . .91 The Islands, ....... io7 Cushing's Island, . . . . . . .109 Peak's Island, . . . . . • . 114 Long Island, . . . . . . .122 Diamond Island, . . . . . .124 Little Chebeague, . . . . . .125 Harpswell, . . . . . . . .125 K.KCURSiONs IN the Bay, ...... 127 Drives in the Vicinity: To Prout's Neck, through Cape Elizabeth and Seurboio' . .128 Along Falmouth Foreside, . . . . .134 To Evergreen Cemetery and Pride's Bridge, through Deeriug . 136 Old Orcblakd, ••..... 147 Railroads : Boston and Maine, ....... 152 Portland and Ogdensburg, . . . . .152 Portland and Rochester, . . . . • . . 155 Grand Trunk, ....... 156 Maine Central, ....... 154 Strangers' Gdide, . . . . . . .158 Hotel List, ••.•-... 160 Table of Distances, . . . . . .162 THE NEW LIBRARY:BUILDiNG, CONGRESS STREET ILLUSTRATIONS. Page •• And thu Grass Literallv Grew upon the Whiirves" 15 Hreakwater Light 108 Catholic Cathedral 49 fiasco Bank 74 (Janal Bank 79 Chestnut Street Church. 43 Congress Street, from Market Square 116 Congress Street M. E. Church 53 Congress Square, from head of Free Street. ^S Corner Middle and Exchange Sts 39 Commercial Street 8S Cus'om House 83 Cushlng's Island ; The Beach and the Willows 11) A bit of the Shore 110 Ottawa House 115 One of the Walks 113 White Head. 113 Deering's Bridge 130 Deering Mansion 137 Evergreen Cemetery : Entrance to 141 View in 143 The Ponds 143 Hon. Wm. Pitt Fessenden Monument . 14:3 Samuel Humeri 's Monument 143 The Summer House 143 Evergreen Circle 143 The Tombs 144 Exchange Street, from Middle to Fore 78 Falmouth Hotel 71 First Baptist Church 47 First Church in Portland 10 First Hotel in Portland 10 First National Bank 73 First Parish Church 41 Goudy & Kent's Bakery 105 Heading of First Newspaper Published in Maine 13 High Street Church 49 High Street, from Congress Square 39 King's Mark 13 Lincoln Park 48 Longfellow House — — — 56 Longfellow, Birthplace of 81 Main Koad to Massachusetts 9 Maine Savings Bank 73 Marine Hospital 135 Mechanics' Hall.. 57 Merchants' Bank 76 Middle Street before 1866 IB Middle Street in Ruins 19 Middle Street, from Union to Cross 70 Middle Street, from Plum to Exchange — 75 New Library Building Frontispiece "Oaklawn," former residence of Capt. J. B. Coyle ItO Observatory .53 Ocean House 133 Payson Memorial Church 46 Peak's Island : " Greenwood Garden '* 117 Trefethen'e Landing The Outer Shore, Kock Bound Park. Perkins', J. W. & Co., Emporium Portland In 1633 Portlanii of To-day. Portland Light Portland Savings Bank Portland Stone Ware Company's Works. Portland Club, Diamond Island Portland Harbor Post^Oltice Preble Hou?e Prout's Neck Scene at end of Custom House Wharf... Sea Shore House. Old Orchard. State Street, from Congress State Reform School Steamer John Brooks, for Boston St. Stephen's Church Swedcnborgian Church "Two-Lights Union Mutual Building United state) Hotel Union Station . United Slates Hotel Uni versalist Church, India Street Weslbrook Seminary Williston Church PORTRAITS: John \. Poor Ex-Chief-Justice Ether Shepley. J udge George F. Shepley Hon. William Pitt Fessenlen — Hon. Israel Washburn, jr Gen. Neal Dow JohnNea, Henry W. Longfellow N. P. Willis Rev. Dr. Edward Payson Hon. William Willis Hon. John B. Broivn Hon. William W. Thomas PRIVATE RESIDENCES: Mrs. Harriet Small Former Kosidence Judge George F. Shep- ley Gen. Neal Dow Former Residence Hon. John B. Brown. . Former Residence T. C. Hersey. Former Residence A. and S. E. Spring. . . Holman S. Melcher Ruggles S. .Morse L. A. C-oudy former Residence oJ Hon Israel Wash- burne,Jr.. . . Charles S. Fobes , Philip H. Brown J. P. Halmer J. S. Ricker PORTLAND AND VICINITY. THE Maine Central Railroai IS THE GREAT THOROUGHFARE OF MAINE, Reaching all the Summer Re^orts and Principal Cities and Towns in the State and th Maritime Provinces. Mt. Desert, Moosehead and the Rangeley Lakes, Poland Springs, St. / drews, St. John, Halifax, Boston, aad Mt, Desert IM truiiiH have done luure to brhiu- Mahie and the Provinces before the publi.: than anytbfuK berctufori; accouipUshe Finest Piilliiiaii Cars on Principal Trains, both llufl'et and Vestibule. The Portlanil, Mt. Desert and Machias Steamboat Gompa ™'3ii:-5;MT. DESERT,'"' 'Pile Ktetiri^ier CITY OF RICHMOND, Captain Wm. E.'.Dennison, leaves PORTLAND FOR BAR HARBOR AND MACHIASPOI Every Tuesday and Friday Through Tickets be obUluoil at prhioipsl tluket-ofBoos throUKliout tlie couutry. Kostoii t: Mai Maine Oeiitral foldora kIvo fall partioulara aa to Train Service. vtvMOK ti;(;kkk. f. k. boothbv, (1 iral Miiiiri»fiT. I'ortliuiil, Me. QeiionU Taascnifer AkoiiI. I'urtla ii0f Jiamlii ^uh piflMltf < CASCO BAY. The earh' voj-agers, as they skii'terl along the shores of JMaiiie, in the twilight honrs of discovei\v, were charmed with its secure harbors and noble rivers, where sheltered groves and grass}- banks lured them to the land. In the attractions of calm waters, and sunn}' isles clothed with a luxuriant forest, the bay of which we write excelled all others. Captain John Smith, the first of Maine tourists, in his account of his famous summer trip along our shores, in 1614, thus describes it: "Westward of Kenuebec is the Country of Aucocisco, in the bottom of a deep bay full of many great isles, which divide it into many great harbors." This was Gasco Bay, the present name of which is a corruption of the Indian word Aucocisco, which, accord- ing to some authorities, signifies " a resting place," though others give it the interpretation of C)-a»e or /te?-on. In view of the many halcyon retreats from toil and care which its islands afibrd, the former would seem to be the more appropriate designation, though the w.ater fowl indicated by the latter still frequent the bay. One can imagine the delight, when this laud was new and clothed with the glamor of surprise, of sailing from the surges of the Atlantic into the sheltered roadsteads of this bay, along the green shores of its forest-crowned islands and out-reaching peninsulas, far into the heart of the land, where the placid waters reflected in their cool depths the verdant foliage which over- hung them, in the silence and seclusion of a solitude unbroken save by the songs of birds of varied plumage flitting through " the forest primeval." No element of beauty was wanting to this miniature archipelago, and the native inhabitants, who had an eye for sunny spots and grassy glades, made it a place of frequent resort. They found in its waters an inexhaustible supply of provisions, and the evidences of their feasts still remain in the heaps of clam-shells found on the shores of the islands. Here is a little bay, extending from Cape Elizabeth to Cape Small Point, a distance of about eighteen miles, with a depth of about twelve miles, more thickly studded with islands than any water of like extent on the coast of the United States. Unlike the low, sandy islands of the Massachusetts coast, these are of the most picturesque forms, while bold PORTLAXD AXD VICIXJTY. lieadlainls aiul peninsulas jut far out into tlie waters. Tliere is the greatest l)Ossible varietj- in the forms and groujnng of these islands. Some lie in clusters, some are coupled together by connecting sand-bars, bare at low water, while others are solitary and alone. Nearly all of ihem are indented with beautiful coves, and crowned with a mingled growth of maple, oak, beech, pine and fir, extending often to the water's edge, and reflected in many a deep inlet and winding channel. In the thick covert of the firs and spruces are many green, sunny spots, as sheltered and remote as if far inland, while beneath the wide-spreading oaks and beeches are pleasant walks and open glades. These islands are of all sizes, from the little rockj' islet, covered by the sea at high tide, to those which contain thousands of acres and hundreds of inhabitants. Though some of them present bold headlands, there is nothing barren or desolate in their aspect. For tlie most part they rise like mounds of verdure from the sea, forest-crowned, and from their summits one may behold on the one hand the waves of the Atlantic, breaking almost at his feet, and on the other, the jjlacid waters of the bay, spangled by multitudi- nous gems of emerald, while in the dim distance he discerns, on the horizon, the sublime peaks of the White Mountains. It is imi)Ossible to conceive of any combination of scenery more charming, more romantic, more captiva- ting to the eye, or more suggestive to the imagination. It is a popular legend that the islands in Casco Bay number three hun- dred and si.vty-five, a compliment to the days of the year which is also commonly attributed to Lake George, Lake Winnepesaukee, and several other bodies of water. Whence it had its origin it is impossible to say, since numerous as are these islands it is not difiicult to count them. If we take down the chart and run our eye over it we see the islands fall naturally into three divisions or ranges, which we will set down in their order, beginning each with the island nearest Portland, and running eastward : Inner Range. — Mackay's, The Brothers (2), Ten Potind, Clajjboard, Sturdevaiit, Basket, Cousins, Littlojolin's. I.aiieV. Mnshier's('2),Crab, Biljber's, Silver (4), two unnamed. Middle Ranue. — Hog or Diamond (2), Cow, Crow Knob, Chebeague (•2), Crow, Irony, Goose Xest, Little Green, French, Whaleboat (2), Goose (2), Goslin (2), Shelter, Birch, White's, four unnamed. OrTEU Ran(;e. — House, Cushing's, Ram, Peaks', Piiin]ikin Knob, Over- set, Marsh, Long, Step))ing Stones (.3), Hope, Crotch, Jowcll's, Sand, (^uter Green (2), Broken Cave (3), Bates', Ministerial, Stave, Little Bangs, Stock- man's, Whale Rock, Haddock Ledge, Mark, Eagle, U"pi)er Flag, Horse, Birch, Haskell's, Turnip, Jaquisli, Bailey's, Orr's, Jebaskadiggin, Pon min., 40 sec. Assessed valuation, 1887: real estate, $21,850,500; personal estate, §11,901,540 — total, $.33,752,040. The two centuries and a half which have elapsed since the settle- ment of Portland maj- be divided into five periods, each ending with an n^ ^^jjjt Portland in 1632, with Cleove and Tucker building the first tog, < important event in its history. The first extends iVoui - 1632 to 1690, and covers the time of settlement and of destruction by the Indians. At its beginning we find George Cleeve and Richard Tucker, driven b}- .John Winter from the proprietors' lands at the mouth of the Spurwink, making a new home for themselves on the sliores of the wooded peninsula jutting out into the quiet waters sheltered b^' Capo Elizabeth, on which now stands the city of Portland. Cleeve lauded on the beach now covered by the made land of the Grand Trunk Raihvaj', at a point a little east of the foot of Hancock street, where a small brook made its way into roliTLAXU AXD VWINITW the bay. Here he built the first house and planted the first corn, his field extending westward to Clay Cove. Our first settler was a restless, ambi- tious and self-willed man, long prominent here ; his partner Richard Tucker was of a more quiet disposition, and attended to the trading, while Cleeve devoted himself to public affairs. At first they were squatters, but in 1637 Cleevc went to England and obtained from Sir Ferdinando Gorges, the pro- prietor of this part of Maine, a grant of the peninsula on which he had built, and other neighboring lands and islands. These he proceeded to parcel out to settlers who sought the place, and a scattered community grew up on the edge of the wilderness. It was long without government, and the morals which prevailed were not of the highest order. The people devoted them- selves principally to fishing, and cheating the Indians in the purchase of their furs. Beaver skins constituted their chief currency. They were roughly clad and coarsely fed. They lived in temporary shelters of logs, filled in with clay, or in houses of one story, with thatched roofs and wooden chimneys. The impenetrable forest was behind them, the open ocean before them, and this was their highway and the chief source of their sustenance. They had no roads, and when they traveled by land to Massachusetts they crept along the seashore on the beaches, which were the first highways. The settlement came to be known as Casco. In 16.58 Massachusetts usurped the government of this territory and gave the name of Falmouth to the town, but this portion of it continued to be called Casco Neck until its incorporation as Portland in 1786. Falmouth comprised, in addition to the Neck, the territory now occupied by the towns of Cape Elizabeth, Deering, Westbrook and Falmouth. Of course with Massa- chusetts rule came the imperative order for the settlement of a minister, and the people built the first meeting-house on the point now occupied by the Portland Company's works. There officiated the Rev. Mr. Burroughs, a man so amiable and generous-hearted that the enlightened people of Salem afterwards hanged him for a wizard. The settlement grew but slowly. In 1675 there were only forty fami- lies in town, of which but four or five lived on the Neck, then mostly covered with a dense forest. During these forty or fifty years the Indians, who from the first had received them hospitably, dwelt in peace with these new comers. In return, all along this coast, they had been outrageously wronged by vagabond and unprincipled white men, and at last the day of wrath came. In 1675 King Philip arose to avenge the wrongs of his 10 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. people, and in the following 3'ear the blow fell upon Falmouth. All the settlements in the town were ravaged, and the inhabitants who had not previously soiio;ht luAif^e in more secure places were killed or carried into ^-^3^ - ^ captivity, and the place was entirely de- stroyed. The town remained desolate until the peace of 1678, when the inhabitants be- gan to return and build up the waste places. Fort Loj-al, the largest fortification on the coast, was erected on a roek^- eminence near the foot of India Street, where the round- house of the Grand Trunk Railway now stands, and Falmouth became a frontier post. Government commissioners reallotted the land to new settlers, and the old proprietors quarreled with them about it. A new element in the population was added bj- the accession of a party of French Huguenots. The town began to prosper again. Mills were set up and inroads were made on the forest. Trade in fish and lumber was opened with the towns in Massachusetts. Roads were laid out, though thej' were mere foot-paths through the forest, — no vehicles having been introduced. In 1681 the first tavern was opened, and licensed to sell spirituous liquors, the intercourse up to this time having been so limited that no inn was needed. In 1688 the population had increased to six or seven hundred, compris- ing eighty families, twenty-five of whom were living on the Neck. Then came the second Indian war, caused partly by the failure of the English to fulfil their treatj' stipulations with the In- dians, and partly by the instigation of the French. In 1689 the timel3' arrival of Major Church, with a force of volunteer troops and friendly Indians, saved the town from destruction. A battle was fought on the farm of Anthony Brackelt, under Bram- hall's Hill, in which the Indians were de- feated and driven off. the whites suffering a loss of eleven killed and ten wounded. Next year, 1690, the French and Indians came down five hundred strong, killed Lieutenant Clark and his scouting party of thirteen men on Munjoy's Hill, captured Fort 'Loyal after a siege of five days, and carried Captain Davis, commander of the fort, and his surviving garrison captives to Quebec. Thus the Neck was again made desolate, became a thoroughfare for the .savage and a resort for beasts of prey, and for many years was known only as "deserted Casco." The war continued until 1698, after which a few old settlers straggled back to their desolated homes. The center of population and defence now shifted to New Casco, a point of POnTLAXD AXD VICINITY. H land east of the Presumjjscot, where a fort was built in 1700. In 1703 the war broke out again, and in that year twenty-five persons were killed by the Indians on Purpooduck, at Spring Point, near where Fort Preble now stands. The town was now entirely deserted of inhabitants, and did not become the scene of further cruelties during the war. The second period begins with the resettlement of the town in 1715, and ends with its destruction by Mowatt in 1775. This was the era of colonial growth and prosperity. In 1717 one Ingersoll built a hut on the Neck, where he lived some time alone, being thence called Governor Inger- soll. In 1718 twenty families were settled there in a compact and defen- sible manner. They clustered principally about the foot of India (then called Broad) street, and eastward along the beach where had stood the houses of Cleeve and Munjoy. This continued to be the court end of the town until after the peace of 1783. The second meeting-house was erected at the corner of Middle and India streets, where Rev. Thomas Smith, in 1727, commenced his long ministry of over sixty-eight years. When the town was incorporated in 1718 the Neck, above Clay Cove, was all forest and swamp. A brook flowed from the northern part of Hampshire street into the cove, which was crossed by bridges on Fore and Middle streets, under which boats passed. There are men now living who remember the old bridge on Middle street. The passages were at first only trails or foot-paths through the woods, but gradually grew into streets, as vehicles requiring them were introduced, and they were named the Fore, the Middle, and the Back streets, the name of the latter, after the Revolu- tion, being changed to Congress street. In 177-t the territory was occupied as far westward as Center street, the upper portion of the Neck still being covered with woods ; this was at the close of a period of sixty years of steady growth. The Indians, broken and scattered, made peace in 1725, which lasted for many years ; they dwindled away by death and by emigr.a- tion to Canada. They took ]iart .against the English in the French wars of 1744 and the following years, and Falmouth was frequently alarmed by their depred.ations in the neighborhood, but was never again seriously threatened by them. In 1755 it had ceased to be a frontier post, and Avas free from the .alarm and danger to which it had formerly been ex]iosed. Tlie people devoted themselves to the improvement of their condition ; new mills were erected, and the forest as well as the sea was made a source of profit. At one time in the year 1727 there were thirty vessels riding at anchor in the harbor of Falmouth. Commeixe was reviving. The articles of export were fish, fur, and lumber. Population gradually increased ; in 1753 it numbered 720 souls on the Neck, and in the whole town, 2,712, including 21 slaves, P.arson Smith owning one. In 1774 the population of the Neck had increased to 2,000. The prosperity of the town was retarded by the frequent wars with the 12 VOUTLAXD AM) VICIXITY. French, into the spirit of which, however, our people heartily entered. They were Englishmen, and hated, of all things, the French, the Indians, and the Devil ; these were their Trinity of evil. They joined with M:iss:i- chusetts in the capture of Louisburg, sending a company of iifty men, easily enlisted. They had their dark and troubled times, often being in danger of starvation from their neglect to cultivate the land. Corn was inii)orted from Xorth Carolina, and potatoes from Massachusetts, and the arrival of a cargo of the former was often an occasion of great rejoicing. In 1737 Parson Smith writes in his journal : " There is no wood, little corn ; sad complaints every- where." At such times the sea was a great resource. In 1741 the Parson writes again : " The fish have but now struck in ; a great re- lief to people almost perishing." Still the town was growing, and trade increased. The English navy was sujjplied with masts from our forests, the best pine trees being reserved for that pur- pose, and marked with the broad arrow, which indicated that they were not to be taken for other ])urposes by the settlers. A trade with the West Indies also grew up. On November 1, 17G6, six large ships were lying in the har- bor. At the commencement of the Revolution "2, 555 tons of shipping were owned in Portland. With the development of trade, and the increase of wealth, distinctions of rank obtained between the different classes of the community ; The Kings Mjrk "tlic quallty " looked down u])on those engaged in mechanical employments, and disported themselves in cocked hats, bush wigs, and red cloaks. Dandies made themselves gorgeous in embroidered silk vests with long ])Ocket flaps, and ruffles on their breasts and over their hands, and even little boys had their heads shaved and wore wigs, as well as buckskin breeches, common to all. In the midst of increasing refinement and wealth came the great trial of the Revolution. Our ])eople, who had fought the Indians and the French, were now brought into deadly conflict with their own countrymen. They were patriots and stood u]) boldly for their rights as freemen. When the news of the battle of Lexington reached Falmouth a strong com])any was immediately sent off to Cambridge ; when the hated stamps arrived they were seized and burned ; when the tax was imjio.sed upon tea it was resolved, in ])opular assemblage, "that we will not buy nor sell any India tea whatever"; when the English government closed the port of Boston in 1774, the bell of Faliiidutli mecting-lionse was ihuIIUmI and tolled funereally POIiTLAXD AND VICINITY. IS from sunrise to sunset. There were Tories in the town, but tliey were out- numbered and put down. For these and other acts of patriotism the town suffered a terrible doom. Piqued at his capture and detention here the j)re- vious spring, by a party of militia from Brunswick, Captain Henry Mowatt returned in October, 1775, with a fleet of five war vessels, and on the eigh- teenth day of that month, a hundred and six years ago, laid the town in ashes. It was always regarded by the townsmen as his personal act, and it was one of great barbarity. The citizens nobly refused to give up their arms, and Mowatt opened his batteries on the defenceless town, and not content with this sent parties on shore to fire the houses. The people lied in terror from their homes, taking with them what they could carry of their household goods. All the compact part of the town was destroyed, em- bracing 414 buildings, the whole loss being estimated at about £55,000 ; only 100 dwelling-houses wei"e left standing, many of which were much T h:e' («o.T) S A U R DAY. Ja.n\tary I. 1^85. (vol. 1_; Miniature facsimile of Heading of first Newspaper published in Maine. damaged. The place was again deserted, many of the inhabitants removing to the country, and the few who remained among the ruins suffering great privations. Thus, for the third time, the town was made desolate, and so ends the second period of its history. The third opens with the peace of 1783^and ends with the war of 1812. It was the period of commercial expansion and rapid increase of wealth, ending with the first of those financial disasters of which the country has since had frequent experience. With the establishment of national inde- pendence new energies were awakened, and new ideas began to prevail. Distinctions of rank and of dress gave way before the democratic spirit of the times ; cocked hats, bush wigs, and breeches passed out, and pantaloons came in. Captain Joseph Titcomb created quite a sensation when he re- turned home from the South, in 1790, wearing the latter form of the nether garment, — the first seen here. A sudden impulse to business was given by 14 POliTLAXD AXP VICIXITY. the close of the war. Population gradually increased. In 17S4 there were built on the Neck forty-one dwelling-houses, ten stores, and seven shops. In 1785 the first brick house in town was commenced, and the same vear appeared tlie first newspaper, "The Falmouth Gazette," published In- Ben- jamin Titcomb and Thomas B. Waite. In 1786 the town was divided, and the Neck, witii the name of Portland, started on an independent career, with a poi)ulation of about 2,000. In 1793 wharves were extended into the harbor. In 1795 Nathaniel Deeriiig built the first brick store. In 1709 the first bank was incorporated. Trade advanced westward from the old site at the foot of India street, and in 1800 Exchange (then called Fish) street was the jiriiicipal seat of business. Tiie ])0)nilation by this time had in- creased to 3,704, and in 1810 it had reached 7,169. A desirable class of residents came in, bringing ca])ital with them. Our merchants, no longer content with a coasting trade, engaged in foreign commerce. Lumber and fisli continued to be the ]iriiici]^al exports, but shi])S were also built and sent on freighting voyages. From 1795 to 1805 the growth of the town in com- mercial business and general prosperity was unexampled in New England. Dr. Dwiglit, visiting the ])lace in 1797, wrote: "No American town is more entirely commercial, and of course none is more s])rightly." The tonnage, which in 17S9 amounted to but 5,000, in 1807 had reached 30,000. The duties collected at the Custom House increased from §8,109 in 1700 to fi342,909 in 180G. Na])oleon Bonaparte had thrown all Euro]ie into war, and American bottoms, as being declared neutrals, monopolized the carry- ing trade. Portland shiji-owners jirofited accordingly and fortunes were ra]>idly m.-idc. Witli tlie increase of Avealth came greater refinement and a more lavish style of living. In 1801 our rich merchants .began to build for themselves large and elegant houses, some of which still remain to us, the square, old- fashioned mansions, of noble front, with wide halls running through them, admitting, in the rear, into large, high-fenced gardens, Mhere fruit trees flourished. Of such is the stately Matthew Cobb house, which still stands at the corner of High and Free streets; the mansion built by Eltcnezer Storer, corner of High and Danforth streets, now occupied by John Mussey, Esq., and that built by Jose))h II. Ingraham, on State street. These, and others like them, were the best houses in the State, and some which remain unaltered, like the fine old mansion on the corner of High .'ind Spring streets, long the residence of the late General W'ingate, still give evidence of the architectural taste and thorough workmanshiji of the olden time. But the jirosijcrity of the town reciixed :i sudiliii and disastrous clieek by the non-intercourse [lolicy of ISllG, .-nid llic eniljargo which followed in 1^07. Commerce was at once sus]ieniliil, and the almost total destruction of our shi])piiig followc(l. Navigation iVlt off niiK' tliousaiid tons in two PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 15 years, all the various classes to whom it gave support were throwu out of employment ; eleven commercial houses stopped payment in 1807, and many others the fol- , ^ '^ - — " "=° — "'=^==^ lowing year. Great % ^ distress prevailed §-;_ i^ throughout the com- j -^ munity, and the grass ^ ^^ literally grew upon fc Jp the wharves. In the war of 1812, whirh followed, our sea-far- ing people manned the privateers fitted out here, some of which ran a success- ful career, and did great damage to the enemy, while others were soon captured by superior force, and their crews held as prisoners. We come now to the fourth period in the history of our city, begin- ning with the peace of 1815 and continuing to the commencement of the railroad era of 1846. This was a period of slow recovery from commercial disaster and the demoralization caused by war. Commerce revived, but did not flourish as it had done at the beginning of the century. Lumber con- tinued to be the chief export, shipped to the West Indies in low-decked brigs, which returned with cargoes of sugar, molasses, and rum. In the decade from 1810 to 1820 the population of the town increased only 1,412. In March, 1820, the District of Maine was separated from Massachusetts and admitted into the Union as a State. Portland became the capital of the EPew State, and held that position until the removal of the seat of gov- ernment to Augusta in 18.32. In July, 1823, a great event happened at Portland, — nothing loss than the arrival in the harbor of the first steamboat ever brought to Maine. This was the Patent, a vessel of about one hundred tons burthen, owned by Captain Seward Porter, of Portland, who had bought her in New York to run as a passenger boat between Portland and Boston. Jonathan Mor- gan and Captain Porter had both previously experimented with steamboats of their own construction, the Kennebec, built by the latter, in 1822, having been the first to run in Casco Bay, but this was the beginning of the suc- cessful application of steam to the navigation of our waters. In 1833 came the Chancellor Livingston, built under the direction of Robert Fulton, and the same year the Cumberland Steam Navigation Company was formed. 16 POBTLAXD AND VICINITY. :iiid, in opposition to the Chancellor Livingston, put on the line between Portland and Boston the steamer Commodore McDonoiigh. The Portland Steam Packet Comj)any was organized in 1844, and its boats have ever since run on the route with great regularity and success, — a result largely due to the skillful management of Captain John B. Coyle, a pioneer in steamboat navigation in Maine. Another enterprise, of which the town had great expectations, never wholly realized, was the construction of the Cumberland and Oxford Canal, to connect the waters of Sebago Lake with Portland Harbor, begun in 1828 ^^-- ^_^ __^ .r and com))leted ^ in 1830, at an expense of 8'206.0UO, of w li i h K u m §27,000 were raised by a lot- tery granted by the State. The Canal con- tinued in suc- cessful opera- tion for many years, but has now, through the extension of our railroad system, fallen into disuse. In 1832, the town having then a ])oj)ulati<73 the Boston and Maine Railroad was extended from South Berwick to Portland, giving easy access to Old Orchard Beach, where a whole village of hotels has since sprung up. In 1875 the Portland and Rochester Railroad com]>leted its connections with Nashua, N. H., and Worcester, Mass., thus opening a direct route to New York, and saving many miles of travel between Portland and the great mctro]iolis. The same year the Portland and Ogdensbiirg R:nlroad, — which is to open a lew and shorter route to the Great West, and bring back some of tlie I"^t trade of Vermont, — was com])letcd iliiiiugh the Notch of the White Moun- tains, and commanding as it does the most sublime and beautiful scenery, gave a new impetus to jileasure travel tlirongh Portland. Our merchants now command tiie trade of a large portion of the State ; to a considerable extent they supply Nortliern New Ilamjtshire and Ver- mont, and find customers in the Maritime Pi'ovinces and the Canadas. Various branches of ^Ianuf;ictnre, — as the rolling of railroad iron, the making of carriages, shoes, matches, stone-ware, and drain-]>iiic, have sprung up, and these products find a market all over the United States, and to some extent in foreign countries. The city now occujiies the whole of the ]>eninsula, from the slo)ies of Munjoy to tiie brow of Brandiall, — many elegant residences having within PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 21 the past few years been erected in what was once " the swamp ward," at the west end. The business streets, as well as those devoted to private residences, are handsomely- built, lighted with gas, supplied with pure water from Lake Sebago, and well drained. It has forty-seven churches and places of public worship; twenty-two well conducted public schools, attended b}' about six thousand scholars ; four daily and nine weekly newspapers, and is well equipped with charitable, literary, and musical associations. It has six national and two savings banks, a trust company and a safe deposit com- pany. The statistics of the port for the fiscal 3'ear ending .June 30, 1888, was as follows : revenue, $509,332; imports, $2,292,875; exports, $3,152,441; arrivals from foreign ports, 291 vessels, of a total tonnage of 85,548 ; clear- ances to foreign ports 412, of a total tonnage of 142,567. The whole number of vessels belonging to the district June 30, 1888, was 336 ; aggregate tonnage, 69,840.79 ; and during tlie j-ear three vessels of a combined tonnage of 219 were built. The transit trade of the port is two or three times larger than in all the other ports of the United States combined. Its harbor is deep, safe, accessible, and spacious. It commands most beautiful and varied scenerj-, from wide ocean views to the everlasting mountains lifting their summits in the distance. As a center of pleasure travel Portland presents unequalled facilities and attractions, — having the seashore at its feet, the mountains at its back ; baj', islands, and inland lakes on either hand. With its dependent suburban villages it is the center of a population numbering not less than 45,000, and possesses, — in its situation, the enter- prise of its merchants, and the industrj' of its mechanics and manufactur- ers, — the elements of large growth and future prosperity. TOPOGRAPHY. In superficial area Portland is the smallest town in the State. Its territory comprises a small peninsula, which juts into the inner waters of Casco Ba3', and sixteen islands and parts of islands, lying at a distance, down the baj', of from three to ten miles. The peninsula, or Neck, was called Machigonne by the natives, which, according to some authorities, means had clay, while others contend that its interpretation is a knee, or elbow, — a term descriptive of the great curve which the Neck makes in sweeping round from the Fore River to Back Cove. The names of the islands are Peaks', Long, C'ushing's, House, Great and Little Diamond (or Hog), part of Crotch, part of Hope, Little Chebeague, .Jewell's, Cow, Ram, Marsh, Overset, Crow, and Pumpkin Knob. The peninsula which constitutes the site of the city proper projects from the mainland in a northeast direction, and is about three miles long, with an average breadth of three-quarters of a mile, — its narrowest point being scarce half a mile in width. On the southerly side it is divided from the Cape Elizabeth shore by an arm of the bay, called Fore River, which I'Ojrn.AM} A.\D VKLXITY. constitutes the inner harbor, having, between Portland Bridge and the Breakwater on one side, and Fisli Point on the other, an area of six hundred and seventy-seven acres, and an average depth, at mean high water, of about thirty feet. Vessels of the largest size ever built can enter the lower harbor, day or night, with forty feet of water at low tide, and lie safely at anchor in that depth, inside of a line connecting the Breakwater with Fort Gorges, and distant not more than one-half mile from tiie Great Eastern Steamship Wharves. Commissioners a)i- pointed by the Government to examine the harbor say, "The city of Portland stands precisely upon the spot whicli a careful examination would jironounce to be the best." On the northerly side the Xeck is separated from the sliores of Deering by the waters of Back Cove, — an inner basin of large extent, having a sufficient de]ith of water, at high tide, to float vessels of con- siderable tonnage. The ]ieninsula, liicrefore, has tide water on either hand, and its shores slope up gradually on both sides to a mean central elevation of more than a hundred feet, — thus affording every facility for drainage, and contributing to make Portland one of the healthiest cities in the world. At its northeastern extremity the Xeck rises into an eminence called !\Iui)joy's Hill, having an elevation of 161 feet, and commanding a delightful view of the waters of Casco Bay, its green islands, and the ocean beyond. At its southwestern end the land also rises into a promi- nence, ending with a bold Idiiff, called Bramhall's Hill, having a height of 175 feet, and affording an extensive viuw of farm, forest, village, and mountain scenery, — best seen at sunset. Between these two elevations the land sags, but at the lowest point, on the central ridge, (the head of Hampshire street), is still 57 feet above tide water. Along the whole line of this central ridge, from the slope of Bram- hall to tlie outer declivity of Munjoy, Congress street extends, the back- bone of the city, three miles in length. Below it, on the southern sloi)e, and running parallel with it for a ]>art of its length, are, first, Middle street, a business avenue devoted largely to the retail and wholesale dry goods trade; second. Fore street, the ancient water street of the city, now devoted to miscellaneous trade; and third. Commercial street, the new commercial thoroughfare, fronting the harbor, and occupied by wholesale traders in he.avy goods. At the west end, where the Neck widens, there are other longitu<\\ the new-made POniLAND AND VICINITY. . 23 land along the shore of IJack Cove, and also supplemented, at the west- ern end, b}' Kennebec street. Across these streets, radiating like ribs from the back-bone of Con- gress street, are many shorter streets, of which the principal are as follows : At the easterly- end, India street, the earl^- site of trade and population ; Franklin and Pearl streets, the onl^- ones that run straight across the peninsula, from water to. water ; Exchange street, a business thoroughfare devoted largel_v to brokers, banks, and insurance agencies ; High street and State street, devoted to private residences. The whole peninsula is covered with a net-work of two hundred and forty streets, lanes, and courts, aggregating a length of fifty miles, while thirt3" wharves extend into the harbor and give accommodation to the commerce of the port. There are six avenues on the land side into town, all of wiiich are over bridges, except the old road from Stroudwater. All the bridges were at first supported hy tolls, but now tiiey are free. The horse cars of the Portland Railroad Company afford an easy means of transit along the whole length of Congress street ; also from the grand Trunk Station, through Middle and Congress, down High and up Spring streets to Bramliairs Hill ; and from the head of Preble, in Market .Square, through Preble, Portland, and Green streets, and' the villages of Deering Point and Woodford's Corner, to Evergreen Cemetery, and Mor- rill's Corner, — a distance of three and a quarter miles. The Congress street line in 1886, was extended from Grove street, and runs now to and past the Union Railroad Depot. In 1887, the Spring street line was extended, and now makes a junction with the Congress street line at Grove street. From east to west the city may be divided into several distinctive districts, as follows : Munjoy's Hill is covered with an almost distinct and independent village, of middle-class residences, having its own churches, schools, and shops. The business of the city centers on the southerly slope below Congress street, near the middle of the peninsula. The northerly slope, back of Congress street, along its whole length, is devoted to private residences. The western end, rising gradually to the eminence of Bramhall, as in most cities, is the fashionable quarter, and hiving been spared by the great fire of 1866, now contains the oldest mansions, as well as many of the newest and most elegant residencesj The streets here are all shaded b3- stately elms, and the houses are sur- rounded b.y well kept gardens and lawns, — not, as formerly, shut into seclusion by high board fences, but thrown open to the public view by low ornamental hedges, and guards. It will readily be seen that from the elevation of its site, and Ih' character of its surroundings, Portland commands scener3- of the most varied and beautiful description. The beauty of its location and' sur- rounding views has often received the warm praises of visitors and tourists, and is the pride and boast of its citizens. 24 PORTLAND AXD VICINITY. Looking through the vistas of the over-arching shade-trees on some of the streets leading to Back Cove, one catches delightful glimpses of tranquil water and green fields, and hills beyond. It is like a picture set in a frame- work of foliage. If, in the early morning, you walk to the summit of Munjoy's Hill, you see the round sun swinging up from the ocean, and shedding his golden radiance on tiie many green islands which dot Ihe beautiful bay. If, at even- ing, you stand on the brow of lirainhall's Hill, you look over a panorama of field and forest, shining water and tree-crowned hills, with here and there a white church-spire pointing to the heavens, now all aglow with the radiance of the departing sun. ■\Ve know of no cil}' where, from the very center of its business streets, one may look out upon such beautiful views of land and water as may be seen from the heart of our citj'. .Stand, at the hour of sunset, at the head of Preble street, and look out over the waters of the Cove, reflecting the hues of the sunset sky ; upon the green fields and tree-crowned summits of Deer- ing, and tell us if anything can be finer. Distinguished Portlanders. Portland numbers among Its sons and daughters man}- who have given distinction to their birthplace abroad, as well as others who have acquired a local reputation for abilities displayed in the various walks of life. Among those who are, or have been, resident here, not natives of the place, ma^' also be counted not a few distinguished men and women. Local pride ma^' be indulged in a brief mention of the more prominent persons in both classes. To begin at the beginning, George Cleeve, our first settler and proprie- tor, was a man worthy of being remembered, not only for his own abilities, but as being the progenitor of some of our leading citizens of to-day. Though he left but one child, — a daughter, — his posterity teems in the land. Set- tling on the Neck in 1632, he obtained a grant of the land from Gorges, and subsequentl}', as Deputy-President under Rigbj', ruled over the whole province of Ligonia, extending from Cape Porpoise to Cape Elizabeth, including botli. For over thirty years he was prominent in affairs in this region, dying some time previous to 1671, at a great age. He was undoubtedly one of the most distinguished of the early settlers in these parts ; a man of great activitj' and enterprise, an ardent royalist, and warmly attached to the Church of England ; ambitious and self-reliant, a partisan and a leader ; frequently involved in controversy-, — once fined, in the court at Saco, five shillings for rash speeches ; a rough old character, well suited to the turbulent times in which he lived. We derive all our property-rights through him, and his name should long ere this have been kept in remembrance bj- being given to some public institu- tion. The most prominent figure in our history, through the greater part of the eighteenth century, was the Rev. Thomas Smith, the first ordained •M I'OItTLASD AW VJCIXJTY. minister after the resettlement of the town. His descendents are also numerous, — some of them to be found among our most prominent and useful citizens. For a long course of years he was the most distiuLjuishcd preacher in this part of the country ; for many years the only pliysician in town ; one of a class jieculiar to colonial times, the like of whom are no longer to be found. Our early annalist, Jiis Journal is full of quaint uli- ser\ aliens on the men and events of liis times, — j)reserving for us a life- like picture of the manners and customs of the last centurj-. He lived under the reign of four sovereigns, and the jiresidency of George Wash- ington, dying in 1795, in the ninety-fourth year of his age, after a ministry with the j)eo])le here of sixty-eight years and two months. One of the most distinguished citizens of the town at the outbreak of the Revolution was General Jedediali Preble, known as Brigadier Preble. He had served in the old French wars; has the credit of having been with Wolfe on the Plains of Abraham ; was twelve years Kepresentative of the town ; appointed Brigadier General by the Provincial Congress ; afterwards served as the first Senator from Cumberland county, under the constitution of 1780, and as Judge of the Common Pleas, dying in 1784, at the age of seventy-seven. The earliest members of the bar, resident here, were Theoiihilus Brad- bury and David Wyer, who entered upon practice in this town in 17G:i, previous to which time there were no lawyers in what now forms the county of Cumberland. Bradbury acquired a good practice. John Adams ■writing to his wife in 1774, and querulously complaining of the success of lawyers younger than himself, says : " Bradbury, at Falmouth, they say, grows rich very fast." Mr. Bradbury served as a member of Congress, and as one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, dying in 18(13. ;Mr. Wyer was King's Attorney for the county before the Revolution, but died in 177G, at the early age of thirty-five. These two being the only resident lawyers were invariably employed u]>on opposite sides. Bradbury was grave and judicious; Wyer full of wit and vivacity, and many were the combats between tliem, giving rise to scenes in the Forum very much to the amusement of their mutual friends. The next ante-revolutionary character we have to introduce was a sort of factotum, a tyi)e of Yankee versatility and usefulness. Samuel Freeman, born in this town in 1742, in early life traded and kept school ; entered public life as an advocate of the rights of the colonies in 1775, being chosen Delegate from Falmouth to the Provincial Congress; afterwards served as Clerk of the Courts for forty-six years, as Register and Judge of Probate forty-five year.s as Postmaster twenty-eight year.s, as Selectman twenty-four years, as Deacon of the First Parish forty-five years, and also President of the Maine Bank and as President of the Overseers of Bowdoin College for a number of vears, finding time in the intervals of business to (lublish PORTLAXD AXD VICIXJTY. several law books, and to edit and publish the manuscript journal of the Rev. Thomas Smith. In 1770 Theophihis Parsons, afterwards the distinguished Chief Justice of Massachusetts, came here to take > a school, and taught for a number of years, at the same time studying law under Theojihilus Bradbury, and was admitted to the Cumberland Bar in July, 1774. While here he was re- markable for his studious habits. Sheriff William Tyng, of colonial times, stands out as our prominent Tory; accepting a colonel's commis- sion from General Gage ; proscribed and banished in 1775, but returning in 1793, and dying here in 1807. Among native and resident law- yers who have achieved distinction at the Cumberland Bar, we may men- tion the learned jurist and law Avriter, Simon Greenleaf ; Stephen Longfel- low, the father of the poet, long in ExChief j successful practice here ; Prentiss Mellen, who rose t the State, the duties of which office he discharged with singular fidelity and ability; Ezekiel Whitman, mem- ber of Congress for four terms, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Maine ; Samuel Fessenden, the able lawyer, whose noble presence and commanding oratory are still fresh in our recollection, distinguish- ed not less as a philanthropist ami friend of the slave than as an ad\i'- cate ; Albion K. Parris, Governor ul the State at thirty-three, and long prominent in law practice here ; William Pitt Preble, who served as Judge, was Minister to the Nether- lands, and bore an important part in the settlement of the northeastern boundary question ; Ashur Ware, -^"^8^ George f, shepiey. the learned writer on Maritime law, who served as Judge of the United ■Ahef Shepiey. Chief Justice of 28 POllTLAyD AND VICIXITY. States District Court for fortj'-four years; Etlier Shepley, ex-Chief Justice of the State, and his son, George F. Shepley, who served in the war of the Rebellicn, and was Judge of the United States Circuit Court; Ed- ward Fox, tiie present Judge of tlie United States District Court ; Nathan Clifford, ex-United States Attorney-General, ex-Minister to Mexico, and Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Stales ; Wil- liam Wirt Virgin, one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Maine ; Charles W. Goddard, ex-Judge of the Superior Court ; Judge Symonds. (if tiie Supreme Court ; Geo. F. Talbot, ex-United States District Attorney for Maine ; Nathan Webb, who has held the same office ; and among Hon. William Pitt .Ftssenden. prominent mcmbcrs of the bar to- day : Bion Bradbury, Josiuh IT. Druramond, Sewall C. Strout, William L. Putnam, John Rand, Nathan Cleaves, Charles P. JIattocks, Thomas B. Rerd, Jr., H. B. Cleaves and C. F. Uihby. Of orators and statesmen, native and resident, Portland may claim Sar- gent S. Prentiss, born here, but who won his reputation in the South ; Wil- liam Pitt Fessenden, the distinguished Senator and Secretary of the Treas- ury ; Hon. George Evans, foinierly United .States Senator from this State; Israel Washburn, Jr., whose long ser- vice in Congress, and able administra- tion as governor of the State, during the early part of the Rel)ellion, place him among the most honored sons of Maine ; the late George T. Davis, ex- member of Congress from ^lassachu- setts, and a gentleman of brilliant con- ExRov.tror Ittael Washburn, Jr. VCrsational pOWerS. Of officers who have achieved distinction in the navy, native here, we have Commcdore Edward Preble, son of Biigadier Preble, whose name stands high in our annals as the hero of Tripoli ; Rear Admiral Aldon, PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 29 who fought at New Orleans and Mobile ; and Rear Admiral George H. Preble, who has served long and well. Among reformers we may claim General Neal Dow, who served in the war of the Rebellion, was Mayor of the city in 1851 and 1855, and has won a world-wide distinction as a zealous ^- ^^^^ advocate of temperance, and the prin- ^^. ciple of prohibition, — having twice \ visited England as a laborer in this "*', \ field, where he is now well known ■. > '^ and esteemed. Portland is the birth])lace of many authors, some of whom have achieved a wide fame, and conferred honor on the place of their nativity. Of poets we may mention first, by right of seniority, the late John Neal, born here August 25, 1793, of a Quaker family, — though with but little of the Quaker spirit. His vigor- ous poem, " The Battle of Niagara," was published as long ago as 1818. In 18*24 we find him in England, writing for Blackwood's Magazine, and enjoying the friendship of Jeremy Bentham. As poet, novelist, journalist, and contributor to magazines, Mr. Neal has been a prolific author, writing in an impetuous and uncontrolled style of his own, always with independence, AXD VICmiTY. in the architecture of our city. As to the interior of the Cathedral, in sym- metry of proportions and in elegance of decoration, it is surpassed by few- churches in the country. The lofty walls and graceful arches are covered with a wealth of harmonious colors, wliile the stained windows, rich with figures and emblems ; the elaborately ornate altar ; the great organ in the music-gallery, and the brilliant circular window behind it; the shrine of the Virgin, with its arches and crowns of light on festal occasions, form, together, an imposing and beautiful spectacle. The first Koman Catholic S^ Church was formed here in 1822. In 1S3U St. Dominic's Church (since much enlarged) was built on State street. The diocese of Portland, in- cluding the States of Maine and New Hampshire, was formed in 1S;J3. and the Right Rev. David Bacon, D. D., was ap])ointetain Mowatt as he was walking on the hill, in revenge for which the Ca])tain afterwards burned the town; here, in 1808, took place the third and last execution for murder which ever occurred in this city, Joseph Drew being hanged, in the ])resence of a large concourse of people, for fatally striking Deputy Sheriff Parker while in tlie discharge poutla.xd a\d vicinity. 53 of his duty; and here, too, on tlie slope we are now ascending, arose, after the great lire of 1866, the unique village of tents which gave temporary slielter to a large portion of the houseless population of the city. This area lying on our right, and immediately below the Observatory,- — now covered with an unsightly huddle of cheap tenement-houses, — was once the play- ground of the city; the scene of "General Musters" and Fourth of July celebrations, where holiday soldiers paraded, and tents were pitched, and booths dispensed beer and gingerbread to hungry crowds, who found anuise- ment in peep-shows and flying-horses, and where boys — now grown gray- headed men — listened with open mouths to the revolutionary songs of Johnny Avery. It was a jjleasant spot, high and green, looking down upon the city and the harbor, and commanding a wide and beautiful view. Cut down for the sake of its gravel, this part of the hill has been degraded in more senses than one. At the Observatory we strike the old sod again. This red-shingled tower is eighty-two feet high, and was built in 1807, for the purpose of signalizing sbipjiing approaching the harbor. In the three-quarters of a century which have elapsed since its erection, many an eye has been gladdened by the flag thrown out on one of its three flag-staffs, indicat- ing the approach of some long-absent ship ; and many a storm-tossed ves- sel has been saved from wreck by the succor sent out through timely intelligence from this watch-tower, where the sailor's good genius sits up aloft and sweeps the horizon with his glass. Here, for a small fee, the visitor may take a peep through the telescope which swings from the ceiling of the look-out, and observe the ships far out at sea. This is the best place in the city to obtain a good view of the surrounding scenery. Towards the northeast lies Casco Bay, dotted with many beautiful islands. Looking eastward, only four miles distant, the broad Atlantic sweeps with its never-ceasing swell ; and a southwesterly view takes in the harbor with its shipping, and the city extending along its narrow peninsula. North- westerly, Mount Washington may be distinctly seen, towering above the distant ranges of mountains. Adjoining the Observator-y stands the Congress street (Methodist Epis- cojial) Church, erected in 1868. It is a beautiful temjile, both as to its ex- terior and interior. Its location is very sightly, being upon the highest part of Munjoy. The lofty and graceful spire is a conspicuou-5 object as seen from the harbor and from the sea. Its summit is the highest object in the city. Munjoy has other churches : the St. Lawrence Street (Congregational) Church, erected in 1857, of which the Rev. Mr. Wright is now the pastor; and two churches for colored people, — who have always had a proclivity for Munjoy's Hill, — the Abyssinian, (Congregational), and the Mountfort Street African (Methodist Episcopal) Church. 54 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. If now we turn to the left, thvoiigli North street, — s^ which runs northerly along the ridge of the hill, — we obtain a striking view, across the waters of Back Cove, of the city, with its many church spires, extending to the lilnfT on Braui- hall's Hill, where the Maine General Hos- pital stands out con- spicuously. The eit3' here, owing to the curve made by Mun- joy's Hill, seems like a bent bow enclosing the waters of Back Cove, and we are Post-Office. 1 1 ■ r looking across from one end to the other. From this point, too, we command the opposite shores of Deering, diversified with groves and villages. On North street stamls the " Shailer School," erected by the cit3' in 1880. Returning and continuing along Congress street, we descend the eastern slope of the hill, until we come to the Eastern Promenade, — a wide avenue encircling the hill, and commanding fine views of the ba3'. At'tlie end of d in- gress street and on the brow of the bluff, is a plain, granite shaft, dedicated July 4, 1883, to the memory of George Cleeve, the founder of Portland. Looking from this point, on the left, we see the ship-building village of East Deering, with the Marine Hospital at Martin's Point, and Falmouth Foreside trending away in the distance. On the right, Fort Gorges rises solidly from its wave- washed ledge, with Peak's Island beyond, and outside of that the broad blue ocean. In the foreground lies Mackay's Island, and farther down the bay appear the Diamond Islands, Chebeague, and the multitude of those which at its eastern end enclose it from the sea. On Munjoy's Hill, cast side of North street, beyond the Shailer School, the Portland Water Company are at present (1888) engaged in constructing a new reservoir. The capacity will be about twenty million gallons, and it is expected that the work will be finished in December. The reservoir is of ir- regular dimensions, covers an area of about 200,000 square feet, and its bot- tom is 12;') feet above tide water. The cost will be 8100,000. This reservoir will be connected with the one on Bramhalls Hill, and the two, with the PORTLAND AND VICINITT. 55 24-inch main, will supply the low levels of the cit^'. The high levels will be supplied bj- the 20-inch main, direct from Sebago Lake, which is 267 feet above tide water at Portland. FROM MARKET SQUARE TO THE "WESTERN PROMENADE. Again making Market .Square our point of departure, let us now turn westward and liesurelj' stroll up Congress street. From this point to Congress Square — nearly half a mile — there is a gradual rise ; the street is of good width, contains some fine business blocks, and is the scene of much of the re- tail traffic of the cit}', of a miscellaneous character. Being the main avenue down town, from the west end, it is often thronged, — particularly of a pleas- ant evening, — and presents an animated spectacle. Taking the northwest side, we come to the Preble House, of which we have already spoken, and where we shall be apt to find, beneath the shade of its four magnificent elms, (relics of the departed glories of the Preble man- sion), groups of visitors and loungers picking their teeth after dinner, and watching the passers-b}'. Next to the Preble House we come to an old brick mansion, " somewhat back from the village street," beneath the shade of drooping elms, which lingers here in the bus}' scene of trade aud_,tr.avel like some octogenarian who finds himself alone in the midst of a new and strange generation. It is the first brick house built in Portland. General Peleg Wadsworth (who in his da}' was a man of militarj- renown ; second in command in the expedition to the Penobscot, in 1779, the first Representative in Congress from this Dis- trict), built this house in 1785, or ] rather commenced it in that j'ear, for though but a two-stor}' house, it was two summers in the building. His son- in-law, Stephen Longfellow, who afterwards occupied it, added a third story to it : the line of addition being still visible in the weather-worn bricks. It is a plain, old-fashioned mansion, a little mellowed bj' age, but still cmi- nenti}- respect able, and stuid ily holding itb own, though it is overshadowed b}- its overgrown neighbors. It is knov\ n as the Longftl low House, and the impression generally' pi e vails that the poet was boi u in it. That hon or, however, be longs to an old 56 PORTLAND AXD VICIXITY. wooden house on Fore street, which we shall come upon in our next walk. The poet lived in his house in his j-outh, and it is still in possession of liis fam- ily. But let us move on. Passing Morton Block, and Brown street, we come to Brown's Block, where the Portland Army and Navy Union, formed i^f^'^^V^ ,.,,^. HI 1866 by resident sol- diers and sailors who served in the late war for the Union, has its headquarters. It has a reading-room, and a val- uable militarj- library, and for man^y 3-ears en- tertained the town with a series of first - class lectures and concerts, — the profits going to assist the widows and orphans of deceased soldiers and sailors, and those disa- bled b}- the war. Across the street from this point, we see on the respective corners of Brown street tiie Beaver and Franklin blocks, beautiful four-story brick build- ings of modern architecture erected in 1885. The next building worth3' of mention is Mechanic's Hall, a handsome structure, with granite front, standing at the junction of Congress and Casco streets. It was erected in 1857-9, at a cost of $40,000, by the Maine Char- itable Mechanic's Association : an organization formed for charitable and educational purposes b}- our mechanics in 1815. The association, which includes three hundred and seven of the best mechanics in the city, now owns the building clear of debt ; has a librar}- of nearly five thousand volumes, free to members and their apprentices, and maintains a free evening school for instruction in industrial drawing. On the northwest corner of Casco and Congress streets is " The Brown Block," erected in 1883-4 and comnionlj- called the BrownMemorial Building . It is four stoiies in height and is one of the finest edifices in the city. Glancing down Casco street, as we cross the head of it, we see a high wooden church standing on the cliff which falls into Cumberland street. This is the Casco Street (Frec-Will Baptist) Church, the clock in tii e tower of which is one of the most useful time-pieces in Portland, being visible, on account of the peculiar position of the church, over a very large PORTLAND AND VICINIIY. section of the city. The church was built in 1827, by the Christian Con- nection, and passed into the possession of the Free- Will Baptists in 1843. Continuing up Congress street, past the junction of Oak street, we come to the block in which were the rooms of the Portland Fraternit3', now re- moved to Free street, where this useful insti- tution maintains a free evening school and a reading-room. Just across the way is Huck- ster's Row, an ancient seat of retail trade; and in the sec- ond story of the block, entrance on Free street, is Union Hall, our oldest hall, the scene of many a gaj' ball half a century ago ;it was once occupied as a theatre, has often served as a church, and of late has been the headquarters of the Haydn Association. On the corner of Green street, opposite the Row, stands the Cit}' Hotel, — recent enlargements and improvements of which have made it quite popular with travelers and visitors to our city. We now approach Congress Square, formed by the widening of Con- gress street and the junction of Free street coming in on a parallel line on the left; the block between the two streets terminating in a "heater." High street enters on the south, and goes out on the north as New High street. This square has an elevated site, the two High streets falling off rapidly on either side. It is a sort of Zion's Hill, being surrounded with churches of various denominations. On Free street, near its junction with the square, stands the Free Street (Baptist) Church, built as a theatre in 1830 ; sold to the Second Baptist Society in 1835 remodeled into a church and dedicated in 1836. The graceful spire of this church has been taken down. On High street, near its entrance into the square, rises the High 58 PORTLAyi) AND VICINITY. Street (Congregational) Church built in 1831, and remodeled in the Gothic st^le in 1869 ; having now a lofty square tower, surmounted l\v a central pinnacle and a group of lesser ones, attracting the eye by its unique blend- ing of strength and grace. The interior of this church is ver^' elegant and graceful. The second pastor, the Rev. Dr. J. W. Chickering, served for nearl}- thirty years, and won the warm affection of his people. His suc- cesssor, the Uev. William II. Fenn, was installed in 1866. Nearly opposite this church stands the First Universalist Church, of which the Rev. Henry Blanchard is pastor. This edifice was built in 1865, at a cost of something more than $60,000. A little way down New High street we see the New Jerusalem Temple, in which the doctrines of Emanuel Swedenborg are promulgated. This church, which has a ';;j. "VV^^'> 'iliiilill Congress Squaro, from head of Free Street somewhat peculiar style of architecture, was built in 1868. The Rev. Wil- liam B. Ilayden was for manj' years pastor of this societ\-. The Rev. H. C. Dunham is the present pastor. Just beyond the square, on the continuation of Congress street, stands I'lymouth Church, a brick structure, with a square tower. The old Third Parish Society, to which the Rev. Dr. AVilliam T. Dwiglit ministered for so many years, was merged with this church a fi'w years since. The pres'-nt pastor is the Rev. John M. Lowden, D. D. Having now completed the circuit of the churches which surround the Square, we might, if time allowed, linger long about some of the old man- sions in anil near it, particularly tlie Matthew Cobb house, which stands on PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 59 the corner of High street, a square, old-fashioned mansion, which carries us back some sixty or seventy' years to the time when its owner and occupant was one of our leading merchants, with a numerous family about him, keep- ing his carriage and coachman, and entertaining his friends with a o-enerous hospitality ; or the McLellan mansion, next below the High Street Church, an edifice which still preserves the old-time architecture and rich internal finish, and is_^now the residence of the Hon. L. D. M. vSweat. It was over the high fence surrounding the garden of this mansion that one of our native artists, when a boy, first caught sight of a statue, and thereafter was accustomed to'run away on Sundays from his own church that he might sit in the gallery of High Street^Church, and, looking out of the window, feast his Congress and Paik Streets — Res dence of M s Harr et Sma I eyes on the art treasures of what seemed to him a veritable Paradise. He has since seen the master-pieces of the Old World, but we doubt if any of them awakened in his mind such feelings of pleasure and admiration as did those figures in the garden of this home of taste and wealth. Continuing up Congress street, on the right-hand side, almost directly opposite the Plymouth Church, we come upon the new building to be the future home of the Portland Institute and Public Library and of the Maine Histori- cal Society. It is a striking looking structure of Romanesque architecture, built of sandstone. The ornamentation is elaborate, and the front is adorned with three statues, one on the apex of the roof, and one each on the corners, the three representing History, Art, and Literature. The building covers 60 PORTLAND AND VICISITY. 6,339 square feet, is seventy-two feet long, and the height, exclusive of the statue on the apex, is sixty-two feet. This building is the gift of Mr. James P. Baxter, one of the most prominent citizens of Portland, to the two institu- tions that are to occupy it. In the rear of this building is the museum of the Portland Society of Art, erected in 1884 ; the rooms are open daily from 10 A. M. to 9 p. M., most of the year ; a wide corridor leads to it through the base- ment of the library building, and there is also an entrance on Deering street. But it is time to move on. Continuing up Congress street we pass the house of Mrs. Harriet Small, at the corner of Park, glancing down which we catch a glimpse in the distance of the Park Street (Unitarian) Church, erected in 1828, by the Methodists, and sold in 183.5 to the Second Unitarian Society, over which the Rev. Jason Whitman was first settled, and of which the Rev. Ciiarles ^Y . Buck was the last settled pastor. State Street, from C'^'-cross. Our attention is next attracted by St. Stephen's Church, a picturesque Gothic edifice, built of our native slate-rock, massive and handsome. It was erected in 1854, and the Rev. Asa Dalton has been rector of the church since 1863. This brings us to the head of Stale street which comes in diagonally on the left, and continuing across Congress street, slopes down through the vacant land to Portland street. Slate street (the gift of one of our earl}- merchants, Joseph II. Ingraham.) is the handsomest avenue for private resi- dences in the city. Of great wi.llh, it is lined on each side with two rows of lofty elras, whose overhanging branches embower it in foliage. Between the two rows of trees, outside each sidewalk, there runs a grassy plot, which gives the street a park-like appearance. The large and sul)stanti:il mansions PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 61 here are chieflj* of the olden time ; each with its spacious garden in the rear. This house with plain granite front, on the left, near the head of the street, was the residence of John Neal, the poet and novelist. That large, square mansion, a little farther down, across the way, was long the residence of the late Hon. William Pitt Fessenden, and in the garden in the rear he found health and recreation in pruning his fruit trees. The neighboring house was occupied b}- the late George F. Shepley. The mansions on this southwest- erly side of the street, as we have said, are of the stately and spacious old- fashioned style, each standing in the midst of extensive grounds. As a con- trast, take the elegant modern residence of C. A. Brown, 1 sq , on the opposite side of tlic street, which well represents, the architecliu- al taste ol its day. State stioct has three hous».~. of worship < 1 each of winch we must si> i word. The fust on the left i-. we pass down :- the State Stitct Congregation il Church, the so ciety wprsliip- ping in which state street.— Residence of the late Judge George F. Shepley. was an offshoot from High Street Church. The edifice was erected in 1852, mainly of brick, in the Gothic order, with a lofty and graceful spire of wood, which was taken down in 1871, from a feeling that it was insecure, leaving the wooden tower in a mutilated condition. The Rev. Edward Y. Hincks was the pastor during the years 1870 and 1881. A little farther down the street we come to St. Luke's Cathedral, built in 1867, of blue limestone, with trimmings of red and gray freestone, in the early Gothic style. This church is not j-et completed, the present structure being the main edifice, to which a transept is to be added at the north end. The interior is very richly finished. St. Luke's is the first edifice erected by Protestants in 62 POIiTLAyD AXD VICiyiTT. New England for a Cathedral, or Bishop's Church, and its service is more ritualistic than that of an ordinary parish church. It is intended as a centre for the Episcopal Church in the diocese, and is under the immediate charge of the Bishop, — an office now filled by Bishop Necly. Still farther down, on the opposite side of the street, stood the Roman Catholic Church of St. Dom- inic's, built in 1830; but this edifice was taken down the past spring and a spacious and handsome church is now being erected. Connected with it, but fronting on Gray street, is the large Catholic School of St. Dominic's, erected in I860. Its teachers are the Sisters of Notre Dame, and it will accommodate about four hundred scholars. On the corner of Danforth and State streets rises a large, three-story brick mansion, occupied as the Female Orphan Asylum, where between thirty and forty girls are cared for, and put into other homes as they grow up. This institution was established in 1828, through the contributions of benevo- lent citizens ; has always been well managed by a board of ladies, and now holds property to the value of at least S50,()00. At the junction of Slate and Congress streets, a monument is to l)e erected to the memorv of the poet Longfellow. It will consist of a pedestal of redC'onway granite, surmounted by a figure of the poet in a sitting posture. Thoydesigu of the pedestal is by Mr. V. H. Fassett, and the figure is the creation of Mr. Franklin Simmons, of Rome. Stat* Raform School. PORTLAND AND VICINITY. On Pine street, near the junction of Slate and Congress, maj- be seen the Pine Street (Methodist) Church, a fine bricii edifice, which^shows what can be done in the way of adapting a piece of architecture to a limited lot of ground. It was built in 1875. Near the head of Mellen, two streets beyond State, where it enters Con- gress street, we pause to look off upon " the breezy dome of groves, The shadows of Deering's Woods," of which Longfellow sings again : " And Deering's Woods are fresh and fair, And with joy that is almost pain My bsart goes back to wander there, And among the dreams of the days that were, I find my lost youtli again." Many another Portland boy finds his lost j'outh again as he recalls the daj-s when he went " acorning" in Deering's Woods. The view from this point is wide and beautiful. Congress street, as we have said, runs along the ridge of the peninsula, whicii, at this point, slopes rapidly down to the head of the creek running in from Back Cove. On the shore of this creek rise Deering's Woods, a tract of woodland which has now come into possession of the city, and is to be preserved as a public park. Congress street here looks oflf over "the breez^f dome" of these woods, commanding a view of the villages in Deering, the diversified country beyond, and the snow-clad peaks of the White Mountains on the dim horizon. Just before reaching Mellen street we pass the residence of General Neal Dow, at the corner of Congress and Dow streets. 64 POSTLAND AND VICINITY. A short walk farther brings us to the junction of Grove and Brarahall streets with Congress, and here the Spring street and Congress street horse car lines make a junction, and passengers can be transferred. Turning into Brauihall street we soon reach, at the junction of this street with Chadwick and Brackett, the reservoir of the Portland Water Works, supplied by Lake Sebago. seventeen miles distant, and having an area of one hundred tiiousand square feet with a capacity of about twelve millions of gallons. Turning in Brackett street we soon pass into Arsenal street, and find ourselves in front of the Maine General Hospital, standing on the brow of Bramhall's Hill, on the site of the old State Arsenal. This noble institution, incorporated by Act of Legislature in 1868, aided bj- State bounty and the contributions of private citizens, was dedicated in October, 1874: The plan of the hospital contem- plates a cluster of build- ings, embodying all the modern improvements of good ventilation, - , free admission of air ;^4j!>m>>- and sunlight, with an '-- ■",-»• adequate suppl3- of heat and pure water. While ~" \' this plan has not as yet p-"f ^f 3 5 [■rT^^ii i)een completed in all ■ its details, a magnifi- cent pile of buildings lias been erected and — nianj- additions have — been made from j'ear to year. The main buildings are handsome structures of brick, in the Italian-gothic style, four stories high ; the private apartments and wards being very neatly finished. The establishment of the institution is largely due to the efforts of our physicians and surgeons, who render important services without pecuniary compensation. The hospital received a bequest of $100,000 b}' the will of the late Hon. Abner Coburn, several \'ears since, and although there was considerable liti- gation about the matter, in 1886 the case was decided in favor of the hospital. Since then the income derived from this source, together with the usual private contributions and a small amount of state aid, the hospital has been enabled to give one-half or more of its services to free patients. Patients have been received from all parts of the State, — Portland furnishing only about twenty per cent, of the number. This is a State institution, now in its infancy, but destined to grow in usefulness with the munificence of the State and of private benefactors. It stands upon a breezy, healthful site, and its windoivs The New Union Station. PORTLANU AND VICINITY. 65 look out upon a broad expanse of country, bounded bj' distant mountains, and comprising a lovely prospect. A few steps now bring us out upon the Western Promenade, wliicli runs along the brow of Bramliall's Hill, and commands a wide and varied landscape. In 1680 George Bramhall (from whom the hill takes its name) came here and buying a tract of four hundred acres, hewed himself out a home in the primitive forest which then covered the hill, and pursued his Bramhall's Hill.— Residence of the lale Hon. John B. Brown. trade as a tanner. The hill here falls off suddenly ; the steep descent being partiall}' clothed vrith odorous pines. At its foot the green lateral ridges tell the tale of some pre-historic landslide, when a great river flowed where now the railroad runs. It was down there, where we see the Deering Man- sion, on the right, that Major Church whipped the Indians in September, 1689 ; in which fight George Bramliall was killed. We maj' be sure it was an hour of rejoicing when, about sunset, the troops marched back with 66 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. flying colors, throii<
  • -tv hoys — the waifs and astrays of society — are put to useful pursuits under refornoatory influences. The prison-like features of the institution have been eliminated, and the boys are now divided into three grades, and for good conduct are promoted through them, from the lowest to the highest. Let us seat ourselves here and look into the sunset. The gleaming waters of Fore River on one hand, and of Back Cove on the other, almost encircle flif .•lovniion on wlioso lu-ow -n-p =:it. 'n,,- Lrici'ii sloijc of the bill Stretches away into a wide prospect of field and woodland, diversified liy villages and farm-houses, and swelling in the distance into forest-clad liills. AVith Abner Lowell's sketch of the summits to be seen from this point in our hands, we may make out the Town Hall and Congregational Church in Gorham, Me., and behind them Ossipee Mountain, in New Hampshire, fifty-three miles away. Also, farther to the east, the church in .Standish, Me., with the peak of old Chocorua rising far beyond it. .Sweeping along the billowy line we see Mount Carrigain, si.Kty-three miles distant ; nearer at hand the long lino of .S.addleback, in Sebago, Me., and then the eye strikes the White Mountain Range, and climbs from peak to peak, over Mounts AVillard, Welister, Jackson. I'lcasant, Franklin, and Munroe, to the white dome of Mount Washington, mingling with the clouds on the horizon. PORTLAND AND VICINITT. 67 At the foot of the blufls the new Union Station stands almost directly beneath the hospital and makes a most beautiful and picturesqae addition to the landscape. The inner line of the Promenade is bordered with fine residences, most notable of which is that of the late John B . Brown, standing in the midst of ten acres of highly improved and cultivated land, with gardens adorned with rare plants and 68 PORTLAND AXD VICINITY. Statuary, and overlooking a wide extent of beautiful scenerj'. The house is not fully \isible from the promenade on account of the line of trees on the edge of the estate. Turning down Bowdoin street, with the Brown estate on the left, we pass a line of beautiful residences of the Queen Anne style of architecture, all erected within the past few years. Turning into Vaughn street, the first avenue on the right, and skirting the eastern side of the Western Cemetery, we enter Danforth street. From this point excellent views arc obtained of the harbor, the business section, and the railroads at the foot of the bluffs, of the islands. Capo Elizabetli, and the ocean beyond. As soon as we enter Danforth .street we come upon the residence of II. B. Brown, the artist, whose studio, atiiu lu'd to his house, is an attractive point for all lovers of art. Some distance farliicr on tlie side of the street nearest the harbor tuv the twin mansions formerly the residences of Messrs. Andrew and .SaniMi-i E. PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 69 Spring. On Emeiy street, which enters here, we see the Home for Aged Wo- men, a handsome brick edifice, where some twenty or more old ladies pass the evening of their days in quiet and comfort, paying onl}' an entrance fee of one hundred dollars. The institution is under the charge of an association of ladies representing the various churches of the city. This institution was in- corporated October, 1854. The president is Mrs. J. T. Oilman, and the ni;\tron in fharoje of the home is Mrs. Carrie E. Marston. Continuing down Danforth street, to the corner of Park street, we come upon the elegant mansion of Ruggles S. Morse, Esq., built of free- Btone, in a highly ornamented style; at the time of its erection considered a very fine specimen of architectural taste, and then also the most costly pri- vate residence in the city. A little farther down, on the corner of High street, we may contrast this modern residence with the old-time mansion of the late John Mussey, Esq., a building of spacious front, seated in the midst of its old-fashioned garden, and surrounded with magnificent elms, whose lofty summits and wide-sweeping branches are worth coming far to see. Turning now up High street we are soon in Congress Square again, and so ends our second walk. 70 PORTLAyD AND VICINITY. FROU MABKET SaUARE TO INDIA AND COHUERCIAL STREEIS. If the visitor again finds liiiuseif in Market Square, some bright nioni- ing, he cannot do better than to turn eastward and saunter down Mi(Ulle street. This is one of our oldest thoroughfares, having been accepted by the town as long ago as 1724, previous to which tinie a path had been opened through the woods. It was originally called " the Middle street," from its relative position between "the Fore" and " the Back" streets, which name it has ever since borne. Though originally' occupied by the South Sid« of Middle Stte«t, from Cross to Union. dwelling-houses of the early settlers, the old-time mansions have long since given place to the demands of traffic, and Middle street is now one of our principal business avenues, ciiiefl}- devoted to the retail dry-goods trade. Leaving Market Square on the left, we pass down Middle street from the point where it enters the square to its junction with Free street. Tliis portion of the street escai)cd the tire of 1866, and the stores here are plain brick structures, some of them of comparatively ancient date. Tiiat low PORTLAND AND VICiyiTY. 71 block of two stories, on the left, is a spared monument of the great fire, having been saved from destruction, while the stores on both sides of it were leveled to the ground. It was remodeled in 1873, the three original stories being reduced to two, but its low roof, in contrast with the loftier structures around it, still serves to remind us of the humbler stjie of build- ing which prevailed fifty years ago. Free street enters here, forming a " heater." The lower end of this street, where it joins Middle street, is devoted to business and contains some fine stores. In Free street block is the Portland School for the Deaf, supported in part by the city, for the instruction of deaf mutes, who are here taught to speak. Falmouth Hotel, All now before us down Middle street, is fresh and new. The fire of 1866 leveled everything here, and the new business structures which have arisen from the ruins far outshine the old in loftiness and architectural pretensions. Some are of brick covered with mastic ; some of handsome pressed brick, with Albert stone trimmings ; others of Connecticut freestone, ana some of granite, many having iron pillars, caps, sills, and ornamentations. The styles are various, and often ornate, the warerooms spacious and handsome. As far along here as the ej'e can- sweep, the street architecture is of a noble and attractive character, the blocks of warehouses being diversified with hotels and liank buildings. 72 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. The plainest block is Mussey's Row, high up on the wall of which a marble slab tells the story of the ravages of fire on this spot: " Homestead of Benjamin Mussey, A. D 1749. Mussey's Row begun by liis son, John Mussey, in 1799, — completed in ISOl. Partially burnt, and rebuilt by him, in 1S15. Partially burnt, and rebuilt in 1852 by his son, John Mussey. Wholly burnt, and rebuilt in 18.50 by the same. AVlioUy burnt in the great fire of July 4th and .5th, 1866, and rebuilt by the same." Here, at the corner of Union street, stands the Falmouth, our largest hotel, a magnificent structure, built by the Hon. John B. Brown, after the fire of 1866. The front is of Albert- stone, the side walls of pressed brick, with Albert-stone trimmings. Ii has a frontage on Middle street of one hundred and fifty-three feet, by one hundred and seventy- four on Union street ; is six stories on Middle and seven on Union street, and contains two hundred and forty rooms, and ten large stores. It is fully equipped with all the conveniences of a modern first-class hotel, including an ele- vator and bathing-rooms on all the princi])al floors. Adjoining the Faluioulli. on the f)^. corner of Plum street, is the builil- / ing formerly occupied by the First National Bank, A little farther down, on the opposite side, is the fine granite front of the Casco B:iiik Building, cccupying the site of the old " Sun Tavern," later known as ilie Casco House, whence, in days of yore, the stages were wont to depart for the country towns. This house, in tlie time of the Revolution, was the residence of Brigadier Jedediah Preble. His son. Commodore Edward Preble, after- wards lived and died in it. It is a singular coincidence that this house in which the Commodore lived, and the one which he built and which was long occupied by his widow (the present Preble House), should both have been converted into hotels. Directly opposite the post-oflice, on the lower corner of Middle and Ex- change streets is the Fiust National Bank building, erected 1883-4, It is one of the most beautiful edifices in the city, is built of brick in modern styie, four stories in height, has a fine tower with a clock, and stand out con-Jpicu- ously as one approaches down Middle street. POIiTLAND AXD VICINITY. 73 The Maine Savings Bank has its banking-rooms on the corner of Plum street, under the St. Julian Hotel, conducted on the European plan ; and a little farther along is the handsome Canal Bank building, of red freestone. The Maine Maine Savings Bank with its $4,598,440.04 of deposits and bank examiner surplus of 8742, 015. .51, all of which belongs to 15,8'20 depositors. The first business was done in tlie Preble Chapel ; after this on Free street ; then to rooms over store corner of Middle and Plum streets, and in December, 1868, it located in the rear of the present rooms now occupied by the institution, and since November, 1878, has occupied those rooms alone, which are as perfect in arrangement for business and security as anj' in New England and all the various modern appliance for protection are employed, as well as a watchman and janitor. Since 1882, the whole building has become the propert3' of the bank from foreclosure of mortgage and at a price less than one half its original cost. The officers of the bank are Samuel Rolfe, president ; Charles Fobes, vice president ; Alpheus G. Rogers, secretary and treasurer ; trustees, Samuel, Rolfe, Charles Fobes, Rufus Cushman, Daniel W. True, William G. Davis, Mark P. Emery, Eben Corey, and Alpheus G. Eogers. 74 roarLAXD axd vicixitv. A few steps now bring us lo Exchange street, anciently called Fish, opened in 1724. From Middle to Fore street it is five hundred feet long, and is lined with handsome business blocks from end to end, tlie last gap left by the fire ofl866 — which laid low every building upon it — iiaving been filled by the erection of "Stanton Block" (named in honor of the famous War Secretary) in 1875, by the Hon. W. W. Tliom.as. On this street op])Osite the entrance of Milk street, our Board of Tiade has its headquarters: an organization of our leading business men, which has done much lo ])romote the prosjierity of the city. Here also is the Merchant's E.\change, with its reading-room, whither our mer- chants resort for information, baigaining, and consultation. All who have an eye for fine architectural effects will admire I lie fa9ade of the Merchants' liank on this street. That part of Exchange street which runs from Middle lo Congress street was laid out in 1793, and originally called Court street. On the northeast corner of INIiddle and Ex- change streets stands the Post- Oflice, an elegant building of Vermont marble, occupying a square by itself. Its pure white walls are in strong con- trast lo the warmer colored brick buildings about it, and it looks a little cold in its ele- gance and ehasteness. Its cost c.ico Bank. ^.^g half a million dollars. The ground floor is occupied for the Post Oflice, and the second story for United Slates court-rooms and ofllces. This is the third costly post-oflicc building that has occupied this site, — the other two having been destroyed by fire- The first post-oflice in Falmouth, under authority of the Continental Con- gress, was establislied in 177.5, by Benjamin Franklin, Postmaster General for the United Colonies. Deacon Saniuel Freeman was the first postmaster, his ciiiimiission bearing date October 5, 1775. ^Xc have had seventeen post- PORTLAND AND VICINITY. masters, the present incumbent being Joshua S. Palmer. Some years ago there was obtained from the records at Washington the following list of the postmasters of Portland since the organization of the American postal service under Postmaster General Franklin; "Deacon Samuel Freeman, appointed October 5, 1775; Thomas M. Prentiss, July 1, 1804; Joshua Wingate, Jr., February 20, 1805 ; James Wingate, August 9, 1805 ; Robert Ilsley, Junel, 1815 ; Mark Harris, 1823 ; Dr. Nathaniel Low, December 3, 1823 ; Nathaniel Mitchell, April 9, 1829 ; Thomas Todd, December 8, 1834 ; Nathaniel Mitchell, September 11, 1839 ; Colonel Sylvanus R. Lyman, May 4, 1841 ; Nathan L. Woodbury, April 2, 1845 ; Joshua Dunn, May 5, 1849 ; Nathan L. Wood- bury, April 1, 1853; Samuel Jordan, April 1, 1857; Major Andrew T. Dole, April 8, 1861 ; Judge Woodbury Davis, December 9, 1865 ; Charles W. God- dard, October 7, 1871." PORTLAND AND VICINITY. During the first year after its establishment onlj' eight3--four letters were received at this post-office, — the mail running once a week. In 1880 this office paid the Government a profit of $108,380.71. Twenty- three clerks and ten carriers are einplo^-ed in the office, and four- teen route agents distribute the mails on the various lines of rail- waj' radiating from this point. Twenty-five mails now arrive and depart daily. Glancing up Exchani^e street we sec the fine block of the Port- land Savings Bank, and not far above it, the Printer's Exchange, where are issued the Daily Argus (Democratic), the Daily Press (Republican), and several weekly newspapers, including Ziou's Ad- vocate and Christian ^Mirror. The Portland Savings Bank was chartered in 1852, and began busi- ness in tlie Canal Bank building in Julj' of that j'ear, keeping open for business between the hours of eleven and one, Wednesdays and Saturdays. From this and vari- ous local causes the growth of the bank was slow, and in March 1859, when the Hon. Joseph C. Noyes was elected treasurer, its deposits amounted to but $161,825.62. A change was then made and the bank was kept open dailv in business hours. After the great fire of 1866 the bank was removed tempor- arily to Free street, and the building known as the Portland Savings Bank block begun. The bank was removed on completion of the building in Ma^-, 1867. On the morning of December 23, 1876, the upper part of the liuilding was de- stroyed bj' fire, but a temporar3' roof was immediately constructed, and the bank, afteran absence of a week, resumed business in its old quarters. In 1881 the rooms provided for the bank were found inadequate and the store 83 Exchange street was added. The rooms occupied by the bank are large, airy, and light, and much admired for their substantial elegance. The deposits ol the bank now amount to $6,173,242.64, and its market surplus was S9 14, 6'J4..')() at the official examination in March last. The present officers are : president, Oliver Gerrish ; vice-president, George E. B. Jackson; treasurer, Edward A. PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 77 Noyes ; trustees, Oliver Gerrish, George E. B. Jacksou, Weston F. Milliken, James P. Baxter, F. R. Barrett, Charles S. Fobes, and Edward A. No^'es. The next store to tbe bank is occupied by the Portland Safe Deposit Company of which the Hon. L. D. M. Sweat is president and Mr. William Sweat manager. The rooms are connected by a fire-proof passage-way, and are never left alone, watchmen being always on hand outside of business hours. The vault is large, commodious, and of great strength; and a supplementary vault is provided for the storage of silver and bulky valuables. One-half of the second floor is occupied by the Portland Gas-Light Company for their offices. Edward H. Daveis is president and Samuel Rolfe treasurer. All of the build- ing above the second floor has been fitted up for the use of the Masonic bodies of Portland. Corinthian Hall is the principal room and^a beautiful and commodious hall, and there the annual sessions of the different grand masonic bodies are held. Fire-proof stairways lead up from the street to the fourth floor of the building, and everj' precaution has been taken to prevent a repetition of the destructive fire of 1876. 7« PORTLAND AXD VICINITY. Continuing down Middle street, below Exchange, we enter the region of ivholesale dry-goods, clothing, hardware, crockery, and druggists' warehouses, l)uilt since the fire of 1866, previous to which time trade had made but very few encroachments upon the old family estates in this direction. Here, on the left, was the old Plant Sawyer mansion, a fine residence seated in the midst of an extensive and well-kept garden. It was for some years the residence of the Hon. John M. Wood. Its site is now covered with business blocks, .lust opposite stood the unfin- i s h c d m arble hotel c o m- menced by Mr. Wood, but never comple- ted. On this site is the Sto- ver lUock, a tine business edifice, erected in 1881. Here we cross Pearl street, a wide avenue extending straight across tiie city from ^^'atcr to water. This street was laid out and widened after the great fire of 1866. Previous to that time the cross streets in this vicinity were very narrow, this being the most ancient and dense part of the town. There were many narrow lanes here in early times, some of which bore odd names. Newbury street, for instance, was known as Turkey lane, and that part of Hampshire street which runs from IMiddle to Fore street was called Chub lane. There was Moose alley, now Chatham street, which is said to have owed its name to the fact that a moose was killed there in early times. .Many of the houses standing here before the fire of 1866, dated from the middle of the last century. The oldest house in the city — built by Enoch Middle to Fore Streets. PORTLAND AND VICINITY. Moody, in 1740, — stood on the comer of Congress and Franklin streets. The oldest house now remaining in the city stands near the foot of Preble street. It is a one-story structure, buUt by Hugh McLeUan, in 17.55, on Congress, opposite Casco street. Mr. McLellan had the frame brought from Gorham, and built the house for his daughter, who married Joseph McLellan. It stood on that site for over one hundred years, and in 1866 was re-i moved to its present position, where it is stUl used as a dwelling-house. Owing to the fact that the city has so many times been swept by fire, we have no very ancient structures remaining. The old mansions in this part of the city, long the homes of famUes prominent in oui history, have all been swept away. Oui oldest Church, the First Parish have seen but flfty-sis years. All where we are now walking in the growth of the past twenty-two years, except a few ancient and dilapidated dwelling-houses at the corner of Middle and India streets, which still linger among the modern structures around them to remind us of the days that are gone. At the corner of Deer street we come upon the spot where, up to 1886, stood the old Second Parish Church, with its wide brick pavement in front ; a spot sacred to many from its association with the ministry of the sainted payson, who preached here for twenty years. The clock in the tower of this church was of great convenience to all doing business on Middle street, and after its de- struction by the fire of 1866 many an eye was involuntarily cast in this direc- tion to learn the time o' day. The site of the church is now^ covered by a block of cheap shops. In this ^^cinity we come upon traces of the great fire. This portion of Middle street, previous to 1866, was occupied by dwelling-houses, which have been in part replaced by stores, while spaces stUl remain vacant waiting for the demands of business, it being evident that the trade of the city must ex- tend in this direction. At the junction of Hampshire street we reach the point where in early 80 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. times a stream'flo wed 'across Middle street into Clay Cove, and was spanned here bj' a bridge. Tlie_ street has here been filled in and raised to nearly a uni- form grade, but the ancient level may be seen by looking over the wall into the sunken grounds of the Thomas Browne estate, " where once the garden smiled." Clay Cove itself has also been filled up and built upon. It lay just below this point, and in early times was a marked feature in the topography of the town. Thirty or forty years ne. This was then a beautiful retired situation, looking out uiHiii tlie li;irb(ii-. ;iiid llie house was surroiMnlecl bv a ufarden filled with fiiiit PORTLAND AND VICINITY. and ornamental trees. Fifty years ago Lemuel Dyer lived in this house, and built ships in the rear of it. Opposite this house is Gait's Block, built of stone, four stories in height, used as a storehouse and in the rear of it is the wharf of the same name, on which stands the new grain elevator built by the Grand Trunk Railway Company, in 1875, at a cost of $50,000. It has a length of 101 feet, a width of 53 feet, aud a total height, including the three-story cupola, of 107 feet. It is fitted with dock elevators for loading and unload- ing vessels, and with large steam shovels for unloading cars. It has forty-two bins for holding k ^_ grain, each forty- six feet deep, and the total capacity of the whole struct- ure is 200,000 bushels. We come next to Franklin Wharf, where, on the west side lie the Boston steamers, run by the Portland Steam Packet Company, formed in 1844, very successfully managed for many years by the late Captain J. B. Coyle> and now conducted by his son, who in- herits his father's abOity as he does Custom House. his name. This company have two fine sea-going saloon steamers, the John Brooks, and the Tremout, which make daily trips between Boston and Portland the year round, starting from either end at 7 p. m. During the summer they also run on Sundays. On the west side of this wharf lie the steamers of the Maine Ste.amship Company, which maintains a semi-weekly line to New York, also under the management of J. B. Coyle. At the upper end of the dock, on the side with the Boston steamers, is the landing of the Portland & Boothbay Steamboat Company, their steamer, Enterprise, making three trips a week during the summer to Squirrel Island, Boothbay. Heron Island, South Bristol, aud East Boothbay, and two of these 84 POHTLAND AND VICINITY. trips are extended to Dainariscotta. The sail by this route affords a nIcw of some of the most picturesque scenery on the coast of Maine. From Burnham's Wharf, a small inner landing, just beyond Franklin AVharf, the steamer Greenwood leaves for the various landings on I'eak's Island, the small steamer Isis leaves for Diamond Cove and Diamond Island, and the steamer Phantom leaves for Great Chebeague, Littlejohn. and Cousins Island, and for South Freeport. The next landing is known as the Custom House AVharf. From here the various steamers of the fleet of the Casco Bay Steamboat Company make frequent excursions to the nearer islands. The steamers of the Ilarpswell Steamboat Company also staxt from this wharf, and they ply to the more remote islands, and to the peninsula of Harpswell, threading their way through the various sounds and among the islands for twentj^ mUes, and affording views of verj' beautiful scenery. From this wharf the ferry boat to South Portland also starts. A short distance bej'ond, on Long AVharf, is the People's Ferry to South Portland. Across Commercial street from Custom House AVharf is the Custom House, a handsome granite structure, which fronts upon both Commercial and Fore streets. Completed in 1872, at a cost of §48.5,000, this is one of the most sub- stantial, convenient, and elegant buildings in the whole country. The interior is richly finished, and affords ample accommodation for the transaction of the business of the customs. The first officer connected with the collection of duties at this port was Closes Pearson, who was ap])ointed in 1730. The present U. S. Collector of the District is the Hon. Sanmel J. Anderson. A large business is transacted here, the average annual amount of duties collected for some years past being about 8.>00,000. In addition to the regular imports and exports, the railroad connection with Canada luings a large transit business, so that while, in amount of duties upon consumption and warehouse entries, Portland is the seventh or eigth port in the United States, in amount of duties assessed upon all goods passing through the Custom House, it is the third or fourth. AVe are now in the center of the wholesale trade in NVest India goods, flour and grain, to which, among others, the Thomas Block of substantial warehouses gives ample accommodation. Here, too, are the coal-yards, and the fish-markets, where a large wholeside business in fresh fish is transacted. Looking eastward from the corner of Cross street, a busy scene is presented to the eye. Long lines of freight cars stand in the middle of the street, from which barrels of flour are rolled on skids into the doors of the ware- houses ; lumpers and 'longshoremen are discharging corn from other cars in baskets on their shoulders ; heavy teams are transporting goods to the wharves, for shipment by packet or steamer to eastern ports ; crowds of pleasure-seekers are crossing the street to reach the island steamers, while groups of merchants, shipmasters, sailors, and day-laborers diversify the scene. PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 85 Passing on, we enter the region of the lumber trade, — an important in- terest, — with wharves covered with the products of niQls in the interior, brought down by rail for shipment. Here the street is reduced to a shelf of land by the high bank of York street, walled up under which runs the trains of the Boston and Maine Railroad. Formerly this road bad its station in this region on the right-hand side, and before the building of the present Union station, the Boston and Maine, the Portland and Ogdensburg, and the Maine Central were all accommodated in the station on the left hand. The old station of the Boston and Maine is now used only for freight, and the other station is used by that road only for trains on its West- ern division, in connection with local travel, and to make connections with the steamers from the Pro\'inces and up the coast. This station is at the head of Railroad Wharf where lie the steamers of the International Steamship Com- pany, which during the excursion season make tri-weekly trips between Bos- ton, via Portland, to Eastport, and St. John ; at Eastport connections are made for St. Andrews, and Calais ; at St. Johns for Digby and Annapolis, also with the city of Fredericton, on the St. John, with Halifax, N. S., Charlotte town, P. E. I., and all parts of the maritime Provinces. The steamers running to Mt. Desert and Machias also land at the same wharf. These latter steamers, during the summer, make the following trips to the great sea-side resort, Alt. Desert, connecting witli railroads running to and from Portland : the steamer City of Richmond leaves Railroad Wharf every Tuesday and Friday night, at 1 1 p. m., or on arrival of trains from the West for Machiasport. Some New Features of the City. THE UNION STATION, Tlae new Union Station at the foot of liiamhall's Hill, where Congress street crosses the railroad tracks was built this present year. It is an artis- tic looking and beautiful structure, built of North Conway granite from the quarry at the lower end of Rattlesnake Mountain, and the stone has a lovely pink tinge, and takes a fine polish. The interior is finished to harmonize with the outside, in light colored hard ■woods. The reception rooms and offices are very spacious and airy, and the whole building is luxmiously furnished. The station belongs to a corporation, the Portland Union Railway Station Company, organized February 24, 1887, and its facilities aie made use of by the Boston & Maine, the IVIaine Central, and the Portland & Ogdensburg Railroads, each road paying a rental. To come into so picturesque and lovely an edifice after a journej' along the lovely and romantic line of the Portland & Ogdensburg seems a pecul- iarly happy idea. It is an anival that perfectly harmonizes with the memory of the Crawford Notch and the Saco intervales, all the grand mountain ranges, the woods and fields and silver streams. On the north side of the station is an iron car house six hundred feet long, capable of accommodating many trains at once. From all parts of the city the station is reached by the horse cars. The dining-room in the Union Station is the most elegantly appointed place of the kind in New England, and is not surpassed anywhere in the coun- try. It is at the southwest end of the structure, occupies the whole width of the buUding, being therebj' very well lighted, and is a lofty and commo. dious apartment with a seating capacity at the tables for nearly two hundred persons. The restaurant is conducted by IMr. (^leo. K. AVoodbury & Son, and appointments and service are equal to those of any hotel in the country, so much so that many words of commendation have been uttered by discerning travelers who, passing through here to the mountains, the lakes, or the shores, find occasion to enjoy Mr. Woodbury's hospitality. 'JVained and tried cooka and waiters of experience in all the great hotels in the cdnntry lonstitute the present working force. PORTLAND A2fD VICINITY. THE PORTLAND CLUB AND ITS NEW HOUSE. The Portland Club is a compaiitivel}- new organization among the well known and flourishing institutions of the cit}-. It is a semi-political organiza- tion, and was organized June 1, 1886, thus antedating bj- some months the general movement among the republicans of the country for the organization of permanent clubs. Indeed that movement to some extent received its im- petus from the Portland Club. Earlj- in the fall of 1886 the club gave a dinner to one of its members, the Hon. Joseph R. Bodwell, then Governor-elect, at which among others of its members, the Hon. James G. Blaine, Senator Eugene Hale, and Representative Thomas B. Reed, spoke. This gathering owing Summer Headquarters of the Portland Club at Great Diamond Island, largel3- to the presence of Mr. Blaine attracted the attention of the country and man}' clubs were immediatelj' organized. Although political in its purposes the social feature of the club predomi- nates. Its membership is strictly limited to republicans, but thoseof any or no political faith have been its guests and enjoyed its hospitality. Its main object is to promote the harmony and .strength of the republican party. It em- braces in its membership city republicans in every walk in life, and also has a numerous nou-resident membership who make its rooms their headquarters when visiting the city. The leading object is to afford facilities to extend courtesies to promiuLMit visitors to the city and opportunities to the citizens of Portland to make the acquaintance of such. A rule of the club excludes intoxicating liquors and all games for money from the premises. The headquarters of the club in thB 88 POUTLASD AND VICIMTY. citv are at 598^ Congress street, where they have large conveniently arranged and finely appointed rooms, but the pride of the club is its Country Club house, on Great Diamond Island, fifteen minutes sail from Portland. The building occupies the highest portion of the island, near the "Farmer's Landing." It is original in design, being low and picturesque, with a tower rising in the centre. Spacious piazzas encircle it on three sides. The view from piazzas and tower is magnificent in all directions. Northward in the distance is the mainland, the shores of Deering, Falmouth Foreside, Cumberland and Yar- mouth, while nearer at hand is Mackey's Island and at our feet the broad acres of the old island farm ; eastward is the ocean seen through Hussey's Sound, with Long and Clapboard islands in the foreground ; southward, and directlj' across the channel is Peak's Island with its varied scenery, summer homes, and the constant succession of steamers plying to its wharves ; westward lies Cusliing's Island, Little Diamond, Fort Gorges, Fort Scammell. and a little beyond, Fort Preble and Cape Elizabeth. This whole panorama, including the city of Portland is a scene unsurpassed anywhere. The club house on the island is a favorite resort of the members and alfordsconvenient opportunities for them to entertain their families and guests. The permanent officers of the club are: president, Fred N. Dow; vice- presidents, Stephen K. Small, Josiah H. Drummond, Francis Fessenden, AN'eston F. Milliken, and Goo. P. Wescott ; secretary, J. Henry Crockett ; treasurer, Henry S. Osgood. IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTLAND HARBOR. Back Hay. — Tlie improvement of the Back Bay has long been discussed in the business circles of Portland, and since the first definite action was taken on this subject by the City Council two years ago, considerable progress has been made in constructing tlie proposed ship channel, and filling in the flats at the head of the cove. This work is in charge of Lieut. Col. Jared A. Smith, U. S. Corjis of Engineers in charge of the river and harbor improve- ments of Maine and New Hampshire. Col. Smith submitted a plan of the proposed work to Congress in the winter of 1886 ; the first appropriation for it was made August 5, 1886, but active work upon it did not commence until a 3ear later in August, 1887. The general plan of the work is to excavate a ship channel through the Back Bay, over a mile long, to be 300 feet wide at the bottom, 325 feet wide at the top, with a mean depth at low water of twelve feet and a depth at iiverage high water of twent3'-one feet. When this work is completed it will add half a mile in length to the wiiarfage at the front and ends of the new ship channel. At Deering over si.x hundred feet of new wharf will be built upon the land fronting the Portland Stone AVare Company's extensive pottery, which will give them and all other manufacturers and dealers in that section great advantages and Ijenefits in receiving their supplies and the shipment of tlieir goods to market, and making a great saving in the cost of Iransporlation PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 89 of coal, bricks, lumber, pottery cla^y, building materials, and other merchan- dise, all of which must now be hauled across the city at the additional cost of cartage to all consumers in that section. Between the proposed new city highwaj' known as the " Marginal Way," now in process of construction across the cove, and the southwest reach of the ship channel, quite a large section of these flats now covered by tide water, is mostly under the control of the Portland and Rochester Railroad Com- pany which IS now expending large sums in filling in these waier-lots, which will give this company, when completed, an area of new made land about half a mile long, bj- an eighth of a mile wide, available for railroad or other business purposes. Adjoining this, on the easterlj' side, lies another large area so situated that it also must be soon filled up. With the extending shipping and railroad enterprises of Portland, a great enlargement of its future commerce should result from these harbor improvements, especially if they could be facilitated by more liberal and frequent government appropri- ations. Fore River. — Great improvements are likewise proposed for increas- ing the capacity of the main harbor, and this work, which is also under the charge of Col. Smith, will be done as soon as the funds for the purpose can be secured from the general government. It is proposed to make a ship channel 500 feet wide by twentj'-nine feet deep extending from the deep water of the anchorage to the front of the wharves which are used for the trans-atlantic steamers, on a due east and west line. The owners of the wharves will dredge their docks to a depth sufficient for the largest ocean steamers enabling vessels drawing twenty-seven feet of water to steam directly to the wharf at anj' stage of the tide, thus avoiding the present labor and delay imposed upon all large vessels by the lack of depth of water. With the Grand Trunk Railway trains running direct to the wharves of both the harbor and the Back Bay, and the ocean steamers landing their cargoes here in the winter, Portland will be much belter prepared, with these improvements completed, for the greatly enlarged commerce that is expected to follow. The Portland Board of Trade Journal is authority for the statement that it is proposed to erect here the largest car works in America, woodworking shops 1000 feet long by 105 feet wide ; machine and blacksmith shops, 825 feet by 105 feet ; paint shops, 325 by 96 feet, repair shops, 500 by 96 feet ; a foundry, 160 by 84 feet ; and in addition to the present rolling mill an im- mense car wheel and axle works will all be needed, and will probabl3' be erected in Portland within two j'ears of the time that the proper terminus is prepared here to receive the great business of the Canadian Pacific Railway and connections of the Portland & Ogdensburg Railroad, which it is ex- pected will bring the great ocean steamships to this port. 90 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. SOLDIEBS' AND SALLOKS' MONUICENT. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument to be erected in Market square will occupy a lot forty feet square, sodded outside of the pedestal, which will he of red Jonesboro granite, square in form and twenty-five feet high, one panel will have a bas-rcUtf viiiXx three figures, cavalry, infantry, and artillery, syra. bolizing the army, the opposite panel a bas-relief with officer, marine and seaman to represent the navy, both these reliefs being of bronze with a back- ground of flags, arms, and military emblems. The other two panels will bear inscriptions to the memory of those for whom it is erected. A heroic bronze figure symbolizing the American Republic, fifteen feet in height, and the largest bronze statute but one in the country, will be the crowning figure of the monument which will be fortj'-five feet in height, and when it is erected it is proposed to change the name of its location from Market square to "Monu- ment Place." This monument is erected by the " Portland Soldiers' and Sailors' Monu- men Association," at a cost of about $30,000 which sura has been raised by voluntary contributions. Franklin Simmons, the distinguished sculptor of Maine, is the designer of the monument, and Richard M. Hunt, architect, of New York, of the pedestal, and the designs are so nearly completed that the work will soon be contracted for and commenced. The officers of the Monu- ment Association are : General John Marshall Brown, president; Dr. S. (". Gordon, Woodbur}- S. Dana, vice-presidents; Charles W. Roberts, secretar}-. Committee on Design : Harry B. Brown, Chairman, Francis H. Fassett, H. W. Richardson. THE LONGFELLOW MONUMENT. The monument to be erected to the memory of the poet Longfellow by the Longfellow Monument Association of his native city, it is now thought will be completed and dedicated with appropriate ceremonies in September. The site chosen for it is on Congress square, at the head of State street, an excellent location. The pedestal of grarjite will be ten feet in height, sur mounted by a bronze statue of the poet, represented as seated, the size of the figure if standing, being about ten feet, making the entire monument twenty feet in height. The statue was designed by Franklin Simmons, the celebrated Maine sculptor, was modelled in Rome, and cast in bronze at Berlin, and is pronounced a very artistic and satisfactory work, and will be a beautiful and honorable adornment of the city. The Hon. Charles F. Libbj- of Portland, is the president of the Jlonument Association, and the committee of design, having charge of the construction, location, and erection of the monument is com- prised of the following named prominent citizens : Judge J. W. Symonds, chairman, Messrs. Jas. P. Baxter, F. H. Fassett, H. B. Brown, and K. H. Elwell. The estimated cost of the monument is about $10,000. NOTES ON THE BUSINESS OF PORTLAND. A unique and special line of machinery is manufactured by Mr. R. O. Conant at 229 Commercial street, Portland. In a commodious and well adapted machine shop situated in the rear of the store of Conant, Patrick & Company, of which concern Mr. Conant is the principal partner, he makes by means of machinery adapted to the purpose, two machines for the use of can- ners and packers. These pieces of mechanism are known respectively as the Stickney can filler, and the Conant reversible sieve and sifter. In practice they work with economy, are easily kept clean, will handle as much corn as any similar machine, and will save their cost on these accounts in a short time. These machines are now in use in many prominent packing and canning establishments throughout the country, and v?herever a trial has been made of them the result has been that they have been introduced to the exclusion of the machines previously in use. The facilities for their manufacture in Mi-. Conant's establishment are excellent, as his working machinery has been constructed with a view to this peculiar manufacture. Eight or ten men are constantly employed, and the demand for the machines is continually on the increase. Besides manufacturing these two machines, Mr. Conant deals in a line of machinery that is allied in character to his own productions. He is agent for Sprague's patent continuous-feed green corn cutting machines, a very effective device for the end in view ; for Cox's patent capping machine, which puts the covers on packers' cans ; for Burt's patent can wiping ma- chine, which wipes the tops of cans before capping and after being filled ; and for the Burt burner, using kerosene oil, for soldering purposes. He is also agent for the Cuskley bath i oom heater ; for J. W. Penney & Sons' steam en- gines, of small horse-power, used in canning factories, etc.; and for Hohn- mann & Maurer's standard bath thermoraetric steam gauges, and standard spring steam and ammonia gauges. A corn husking maching has always been a desideratum with packers, and as Portland is the centre of the corn canning business in the country the construction of such a machine has long been an object with local mechan- ics. At last after much study and experiment, Mr. Perley D. Cummings, who is with Mr. Conant in his machine shop, constructed a corn husking machine, — the only one that successfully accomplishes the result sought for. Vwitch- ell, Champlin & Company have had one of these machines in constant use since they started into business three years ago, and it has worked excel- lently. The machine is patented, and will be manufactured at Mr. Conant's shop by a corporation, the Maine Corn Husking Machine Company, of which Mr. Conant is the principal stockholder. PORTLAND AND VICINITY. Exchange Street in Portland is the principal business thoroughfare run- ning across the city, and is consequently easily accessible from all points. One of the best appointed stores on the sti'eet is that of Woodward & Sum- ner, at No. l'2b, dealers in j)iano-f<>rtes and organs. They have the exclu- sive agency for the State of Maine for the Steinway and Ilardman piano- fortes, and for the Smith-American organs. The Steinway piano has not only a national, but an international reputation. Since Steinway and Son began the manufacture of these instruments they have produced more than 0(^,000 of them, all of which liave given perfect satisfaction to the purchasers. Tlieir woi'ks at Astoria, Long Island, are conceded to be the most ])erfectly arranged and at the same time the most extensive establishment of the kind in the world. They liave been awarded medals almost without number at various national and international exhibitions, at the Universal Exposition in Paris in 1867 being awarded thegi-and gold medal of honor for the great- est excellence in the three styles, square, upright, and grand. The Hard- man piano, which this firm also carries, has been demonstrated to be a first- class instrument, and it takes over three thousand per year to supply the constantly increasing demand. They make a specialty of u])right and small grand pianos, and in these styles of instrument the Ilardman is unsurpassed. The Smith-American organs, of which Woodward & Sumner have also the exclusive agency, are second to no instrument of their class in the country, and give excellent satisfaction in all cases. The largest newspnj'er dealer in the city of Portland is Mr. J. W. Peterson, No. 2 Exchange Street. He is agent for the Boston Sunday and Daily PleraM and Globe, and handles the entire edition of the Portland Sun- day Teletjram. Every Sunday morning he sends out from his establish- ment 7,000 Sunday ])a))ers, wholesaleing tliem to dealers and em})loying 150 boys to sell the papers and to convey them to other dealers. Besides his general newsjjaper business Mr. Peterson carries on a large wholesale busi- ness in novels and jjeriodicals. He has on sale all the leading magazines and newspapers in the country, and also carries in stock constantly over oO.OOO of the various libraries of popular novels, besides a full assortment of other books. At his Exchange Street store Mr. Peterson occupies three floors. He has also a fine large store at Old Orchard Beach, op])osite the railroad depot. On the line of the horse-cars and convenient, therefore, for many of the residents of the city and vicinity, is the general grocery store of A. S. Jenness, 35 Portland Street, where at all times can be found a full assort- ment of tlie best butter, eggs, cheese, teas, coffees, spices, and all sorts of provisions and groceries. POHTLAXD AND VICINIVY. 93 The firm of John W. Perkins & Company are tlie largest wholesale drug, gists in the city of Port- land. Their establish- ment occupies the whole of a large three-story brick building at 94 ami 96 Commercial Street ami 2 and 4 Custom House Wharf. Here they man- ufacture many standard pliarmaceutical prepara- tions, including elixirs, fluid extracts, syrups, etc., and thej' carry heavy lines of patent medicines and proprietary articles, druggists' sundries, toilet articles, perfumery, glassware, shop furniture, druggists' implements, and surgical appliances, and also deal in paints, colors, dye stuffs, varnishes, artists' and painters' materials, burning and lubricating oils, and wool. From twenty to twenty-five men are constantly eni])loyed in the office or selling goods. The business was established in 1853 by John W. Perkins and L. A. Titcomb. In about a year, however, Mr. Titcomb withdrew. Various changes were made in the firm from timeto time, Mr. Perkins al- ways continuing at the head. The present members are John W. Perkins, Benjamin A. Perkins, J. Henry Crockett, and William S. Kyle. Co. |Co The musical tastes of a community are a good index of its refinement and culture. In no city of equal magnitude is this more evident than in Portland, as is shown by the existence of such an establishment as that of Mr. Ira C. Stockbridge, at 124 Exchange Street. Mr. Stockbridge has been established in the music business since 1871. He has a fine store and basement, each 116 feet long and 25 feet in width, well stocked with a good assortment of musical instruments and merchandise, including sheet music and books, racks, folios, rolls, brass instruments, harmonicas, organettes, strings, and trimmings of all kinds, and he also has instruments to let. Three very capable and thoroughly conversant clerks, who are familiar with all the new and popular publications of the daj-, are constantly employed. Mr. Stockbridge is a native of South Freeport, Me., and popularly known in this community, being manager and proprietor of the Stockbridge Course of Entertainments. 94 POHrLA.\D AND VICINITY. To continue in a particular line of industry for twenty-five years, and to have the results through that period endure and give satisfaction, is a good evidence of the substantial cliaracter of a man's work. Such has been the case in regard to Elias Hersey, whose office is at No. 22 Market Square, Portland, and who carries on the business of a roofer. The special form of Mr. Hersey's work is felt composition and gravel rooting. Many of the largest and finest buildings in the city were roofed by him, among them being the Falmouth House, the First National Bunk building, the Lancaster building, the Caseo Bank, the Motley, the Kimball, the Jose, the Whitney blocks, and so many others that a list of them here would be too lengthy. Besides his work in the city, Mr. Ilersey has performed a large amount of very satisfactory work chiefly on mills and factories, throughout the State of Maine. A few of these mentioned will show the extent and character of Mr. Hersey's operations : In the village of Cumberland Mills — the Cumber- land and Presumpscot mills, with a roof area of 320,000 square feet ; in Bid- deford — the Saco Water Power Machine Shop, 80,000 feet, and the Pepper- ell and Laconia mills, 300,000 feet ; in Saco — the York Mills, 150,000 feet ; in Lewiston — the Androscogan Mills, 90.000 feet ; the liates Manufacturing Company, 100,000 feet; the Lewiston Bleachery, 95,000 feet; the Conti- nental ]Mills, 40,000 feet ; Westbrook Manufacturing Company, 50,000 feet ; P'orest Pa])er Company, Yarmoulhsville, 40,000 feet ; the Maine Central rail- road work-shops at Waterville, 110,000 square feet; the St. Croix Mills, St. Stephens, N. B., 100,000 feet. This list might be e.vtended indefinitely, but space forbids. Some of these roofs have been on for twenty years, and are apparently now in most excellent condition. The benefits of natural asphalt for roofing have only been appreciated for a very few years. It is non-inflamable, is impervious to water, practically indestructible, has great tenacity and pliability, and, in fact, has all the qual- ities necessary for a roofing material. In the State of Maine but few roofs of this character have been ])ut on until recenti}'. As the advantages are seen, however, the demand is constantly increasing. The firm of Tibbetts & Allen, 148 Commercial Street, make a specialty of this business. They are agents for Warren's natural asphalt roofing material, and also for two and three- ply ready roofing for roofs too flat for shingles. Probably no department of the every-day work in a city is more necessary than the laundries, and in that line, as in many others now-a-days, the labor is performed by much more effective methods than formerly ])re- vailed, avoiding delays and poor results. The Hamlin Laun a large and increasing business. Every facility consistent with pru- dent banking is extended to its customers, and its success has been so marked that many other companies have been recently incorporated in the state. It is gratifying to know that its stockholders liave realized even more than they anticipated, having received regular dividends, and accum- ulated a surplus of twenty per cent in three years. No loses have been suf- fei-ed, and the stock is practically out of the market. That the present policy of the company will be pursued, and its past success exceeded in the future, the following list of officers and trustees bears witness: President, H. J. Libby; Vice-President, Wm. G. Davis; Secretary, H. Butler ; Trus- tees, Harrison J. Libby, William G. Davis, Mark P. Emery, Philip Henry Brown, Ch.irles F. Libby, William W. Brown, Fred N. Dow, R. M. Rich- ardson, Henry S. Osgood, James P. Baxter, all of Portland ; Frederick Robie, Gorhani ; Samuel A. Holbrook, Freeport ; R. B. Shepherd, Skow- hegan ; Andrew P. Wiswell, Ellswoitli ; George C. Wing, Auburn. In ISCfi, ufti r the big tire, a sewer ])ipe works was started in a small way by Mr. J. W. Stockwell, who came from Northampton, Mass. At that time the manufacture was conducted in a very primitive way. In 1870, Mr. Stockwell's experiments in macliiner3- began to result in improved methods aud products, steam was introduced to run the niachinerj% and since thai time trade, witli better goods, has very much increased. In 1883 the busi- ness was organized into a corporation having some of our best known busi- ness men as stockholders, under the name of the Portland Cement, Pipe and Stone Company. As one of the specialties the concern now manufacture as well as deal in articles both ornamental and useful. They also make a specialty of a sewer pipe which by late improvements is rendered strictly acid ami water-jiroof, in tact indestruclil.le. South Portland, formerly FeiT^' Village, across the harbor from Portland is growing up to be an important suburb. Two steam ferries now give speeds- communication with the city. PORTLAXI) AND VICINITY. 97 One of the best known firms in their line of business in the country is Cliast- & Son, mechanical and hydraulic engi- neers and niachinerv manufacturers, 236 Federal Street, Portland. They make a specialty of the manufacture of turbine water wheels of saw mills, and of sli ingle machines, and they are ]ire- ]iared to su[j)ily man- ufacturers with ma- chinery for every purpose, with the exception of the cotton manufacture. In the past they liave been largely engaged in the fitting up of mills with machinery and are now better prepared than ever before to do this work, in fact, makingjit at present one of the most prominent features of their business. Steam and water-power machinery of all the approved models now in the market are erected and put in working order quickly and satisfactorily, and steam engines and boilers of every description, portable or stationary, are furnished to order at any time and every detail attended to. Mr. Jefferson Chase, the senior member of the firm, started business in Portland in 1879. Previous to that time he had been traveling for the Chase Turbine Manufacturing Company, making sales of machinery for the equipment of new mills. The liusiness in this vicinity increased so rapidly that he found it necessary to open his present establishment at the time mentioned. The firm are stockholders in the Chase Turbine Manufacturing Company, whose extensive works are located at Orange, Mass., and Mr. Jefferson Chase is a director in the company. Besides the turbine wheels and saw mill, thataie their chief manufacture, they make shafting gears, steam engines, and machinery of all kinds for lumber, paper, wood-pulp, woolen and grist mills, and sup- ply belting, saws, gummers, mill stones, and all furnishings. 98 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. A city is built up by the enterprise of its inhabitants. The old saying th:it llie man who makes two blades of grass grow where one grew before is a public benefactor, althougii somewhat hackneyed as a statement is still so true that like many other similar trite sayings it is often worth remembering Certainly a man who builds up a large business from small beginnings, and who turns his ca])ilal into that business, is an important factor in the life of a city, and the continued ])ros|>erity of the community is in proportion to the number of sucli men. Tliey are indeed the vital principle, the life of the industrial organism. A man to whom these remarks apply fittingly is Mr. Thomas P. Deals, manufacturer of woven wire mattresses, spiral spring beds, cot beds, French and- cottage chamber sets, cane and wood seat chairs, etc. At 85 and ^7 Market Street, Mr. Beals has his |iiincipal factory, storerooms, and otlice, occujjying the three upper floors of a large four-story brick liuilding, 110 X 60 feet, and having :i fine office and salesroom on the street floor. Mr. Beals' specialty is the spring beds, all of which are manufactured on the premises. They are of several kinds. Mr. Jjcals was one of the original man- ufacturers of spiral spring beds in tlie country, and now turns out I \ ery year 10,000 beds, the springs lieing all coiled and set in this es- tMblishment. Tlie woven wire mat- trusses are made in the building, Mr. Beals having the only machines in the state that perform the work. Kacli machine being located at the end of a table, coils the wire and inlei-nieshes it, makini' a thoroughly woven and strong structure. From a comparatively crude piece of mechanism these machines were developed by Mr. Beals, the new features being his own invention. Unlike most similar machines this weaves two strands at once. The production of the woven wire beds are over 10,000 a year and they are shii)ped to all parts of the country. Mr. Beals occupies a large portion of the space in his building in putting together pine chamber sets, chairs and tables, and employs one of the best artists in this line in the country to decorate them, the landscape and marine views on the he.idboards of the sets being of a very superior order of workmanship. At the liead of the Berlin Mills Wharf on Commercial Street, Mr. Beals \r P_— .,.,,,,-, .,,.,,. ,,..... ,,,,^1 1 i 1 L -r-lr-bx^':] .JWI. PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 99 has another establishment consisting of a two-story wooden building, 60 x 30, in which he finishes all kinds of hard-wood chamber sets. A spur track leads alongside of the building so that the material can be passed directly from the cars into the building, and the finished goods reshipped in the same manner. From this building mattresses are also wholesaled. This large business has been developed from very small beginnings. At the close of the war in 1867, Mr. Beals started with very small capital in the manufacture of painted sets. In 1870 he began to make spring beds. , The business steadily increased and this increase still continues, the demand the present year being much larger than last year. At the corner of Pearl and Fore streets, Nos. 12, 14, and 16 Pearl, and 333 and 335 Fore street is the flour, grain, and ha3- store of John J. Lappin & Companj' who carry on the largest retail business in the city. The business was started in 1874 In a small store on the corner of York and Danforth streets not so large as their office in their present commodious building, which was erected by the flrra in 1879, since which time thej- have done a constantly' increasing business. This firm enjoys a very large trade in the winter season in the supplying of hay and feed for cattle that are shipped to England on several lines of English steamers that make this cilj' their winter port. The Capisic Pond Mills, Deering, which have the highest reputation for first-class milling is run by this firm. One of the most attractive and complete establishments in Portland is the Palmer Shoe Store, established more than twentj' years ago bj' M. G. Palmer, Esq. It has ever since taken the lead in keeping the best quality and finest grade of boots and shoes in the largest range of sizes. This store has suc- ceeded in building up the largest business in its time of any store east of Boston, while for style of finish, for convoiiience in its appointments, and for systematic arrangements, it is a model that has been extensivel3- copied hy some of the best stores in the United States and the Provinces, and probably no store in the Union is more widelj' known. An important part of their trade is in sending single pairs \>y express or mail all over the United States. Owing to press of other business, Mr. Palmer has sold his interest in this business to Messrs. Nelson & Sargent, two young men qualified to continue the successful business so long carried on by Mr. Palmer. Mr. Nelson has been connected with this store for the past sixteen years, and for some years has been chief clerk. Mr. .Sargent is well known as a successful business man. During the short time they have been in possession they have proved the}' are not only able to keep up the well earned reputation, but have increased its business and enlarged its facilities very much to the satisfaction and convenience of its constantly increasing patrons. Apart from the grade of their goods which in themselves are a guarantee to the customer, it is a 100 POBTLAyD AND VICIXITT. feature of this store, scriipiiloiislj- observed, that all goods are warranted free from defects in quality^ and workmanship. They issue a very handsomely illustrated catalogue free, on application to the Palmer Shoe Store, 541 Con- gress street, Portland, Me. A style of mu.sical instruments met with in all sec- tions of the country is the New England organ, which is manufactured by the company of that nai'.K' in their large five-story brick factory on Warehaiii Street, Boston. In that establishment 125 hands an- constantly emi)loyed, and the demand for the instru- ments is so great that the orders are always ahead of the supply to a large extent. In various cities throughout the country sales- rooms for the sale of these instruments have been es- tablished, and the branch in the city of Portland, at No. ~^.!''-eTt^^ 16 Free Street, is one of the best of these, and controls the trade in the entire State of Maine. Here a full stock of organs is always on hand of all the styles manufactured, and besides their own instru- ments the concern handles the celebrated Sohmer and Bradbury- ])ianiu- rer and su])er- iiileti d e n t , and Mr. J. B. I iiogory, sec- iciary. Land was then pur- chased and commodious buildings erected. The com]jany have done a prosperous business, and they now own a frontage on Kennebec Street of 315 feet, extending back 168 feet to Somer- set. This territory is covered with substantial and well arranged buildings, filled with all modern machinery and appliances for doing the work re- quired, economically and expeditiously. The premises are lighted through- out with the incandescent system of electricity, the plant for which is owned by the company. A great variety of ranges, cooking and parlor stoves, furnaces, etc.. are manufactured by the company, and their sales extend largely all over New England. Their art castings are acknowledged to be superior to any in the market, and the illustration of their goods shown in the range on this page exhibits the excellence of their jiroducts, for which they have a large and increasing sale. PORTLAND ASD VICiyiTY. 103 Tlie buying and selling of real estate and transferring land titles has in- creased enormously of late years, especially in the suburbs of cities and large towns, and wherever there is a rapid increase of population and wealth, and now ranks with the most important and extensive business transactions of all thriving and prosperous communities. Mr. John F. Proctor is the proprietor of the oldest real estate business in Portland, and his office is located at No. 93 Exchange street, where he continues the business that was established here bj- his father, John C. Proctor, in 1855, over thirt}- years ago, during which time the city and its environs have greatly extended in area, and the prices of land have correspondingly ad- vanced with the in- creased demand for and sales of real estate of all kinds, lands and houses and improvements. Mr. Proctor has now been in the real estate business twentj'-six years, associated with his father and predeces- sor John C. Proctor, who retired from active business three years since, leaving the good will and patronage of Residence of Charles S. Fobes. Corner Spring and Emery Streets. the establishment to his son, John F. , who has for three j'ears past continued to conduct the business alone at the old location. Mr. Proctor's long experience in the real estate business, and his familiar and practical acquaintance with all parties buying or selling I'eal estate in this market, gives him unusual facilities for making satisfactory negotiations in dealing with the large and increasing list of patrons, which the good reputation earned in the quarter of a century of business life has secured to him. Mr.jProctor is fully prepared, at all times, to buy and sell all kinds of real estate and other property connected with it ; to negotiate mortgages, or makeltinvestments on mortgages on real estate ; to rent property upon commission ; in short, to transact any and all kinds of business usually' done in a first-class real estate broker's office. Whoever may desire to buy real estate or to invest money in mortgages 104 I'OIlTLAyV ASD VlViyiTT. on landed property in the city of Portland or its vicinity will find it to their advantage to interview Mr. Proctor upon the subject, and an}- person seeking information relating to real estate and relevant matters, can always secure it of Mr. Proctor, who will be pleased to answer an\' inquiries made of him, and can assure his patrons of his earnest endeavors to do only a first-class business. During the summer of 1888 the interior of the Second Parish Church was thoroughly renovated and repainted by Jost & Morton, fresco painters and decorators, and the manner in which it was done, as well as the excellence of its character already shows, although at this writing the work is not completed, that when finisheil the church will be one of the most beautiful interiors in the city. Messrs. Jost &. Morton are the only first-class firm in this line in Port- land and have done all the leading jobs here for a number of years, including many of the finest private dwellings. A very good specimen of their work may be seen in the directors' room of the Portland Savings Bank. The firm has been in existence for the past eight years and the members are practical men. One of the most enterprising firms in the city of Portland is Goud^- & Kent, wholesale bakers and confectioners. Thej' occup3' a large three-stor}' building, 110x100 feet, fronting on three streets, Pearl, Milk and Silver, where they operate two large revolving or reel ovens capable of baking fiftj' barrels of flour per day, of ten hours, into all descriptions of fine biscuits and bakers' goods. In the same building they also run two tile ovens, which are speciall}- used for l)aking loaf bread, pastry, and other articles of daily con- sumption in the city. The firm also occupy and operate the old and well-known Kent Bakery on the corner of Vine and Fore streets, where the famous Kent Pilot bread has been manufactured for the past sixty j-ears. This baker}- is exclusively de- voted to the manufacture of this bread, which has a world wide reputation for its keeping qualities. Tlicir ship bread is exported from here in large quan- tities to the Cape De \'erd and the West India Islands for the supply of ves- sels. In the Kent bakery three tile ovens are operated. Besides their extensive manufacture of baker's goods the firm make a verj' large line of confectionar}-, consisting of chocolates, bon bons, and penny goods which the}- wholesale to jobbers and retailers all over Northern New England and the Provinces, as they do also their baker's goods. Some of their specialties in both lines are in demand in New York, Counecticut, and the Middle States where large invoices are constantly being shipped and there is a limited call in the west and south for the same class of goods. The salesrooms and offices of the firm are in their main building, the re- tail department being a finely fitted up store on the corner of Pearl and Milk streets, while the wholesale rooms and offices are immediately adjoining. This PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 105 location is right on the line of travel to the harbor and coast-wise steamers, and being thus easy of access to sea-faring people, excursionists and island cot- tagers, they are enabled to cater to this class of trade very conveniently. The concern is the largest of its kind in Eastern New England. In both tlicir estalilishments they employ altocjothor about one hiuirli-ed hands. With- Goudy & Kent's Bakery and Salesr»oms, corner PeacI and Milk streets, in the last eight j'ears their sales have increased tenfold, and this remarkable increase can be attributed only to the fine quality of their goods, and to the honorable treatment they have always extended to customers. Their annual production reaches the enormous quantity of nearly 3,000,000 pounds, of which 1,000,000 are in the line of coufectionarj- and 2,000,000 in baker's goods. For their local trade they employ nine sales and delivery wagons in the city and immediate vicinity. The total consumption of flour in both their establishments is sixty barrels a day. The most improved machinerj- and ap- pliances are used in both bakeries. In the main building on Pearl street, three large elevators are run constantly. Both members of the firm are young men, but they are characterized by an enterprising public spirit, being interested in all enterprises that will bene- fit the community. Thej- are members of the Board of Trade and the Mer- chants Exchange. Mr. Kent has also been a member of the city Council for two years. 106 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. One of the most prominent and extensive business interests of Deering is the well known Brick Manufactor}' of William Lucas, located on the Sacca- rappa Road, about two miles west of Portland. The large brick yard and fine clay pit of Mr. Lucas is very conveniently situated for carrying on his business and gives employment to twenty men in the several departments of the works, and last year he made over 1,500,000 marketable bricks. Mr. Lucas is also engaged in the lumber business at Saccarappa, where he owns and operates a saw mill. Mr. Lucas has a telephone at the oflace, No. 83 Preble street, in the city. Commerce of Portland. — Arrivals in this port in 1887, of all classes of vessels were 3.621, including 736 steamers; value of imports by water, 88,656,034; of which §6,905,716, was by trans-atlantic steamers. Including eleven different lines, foreign and coast-wise, sixty steamers arrive here montbl3\ The receipts of grain for 1887 were 375,410 barrels flour, 1,296,- 408 bushels wheat, 2,500,273 bushels corn, 432,497 bushels oats, 576,450 bushels peas, 3,966 bushels rye. Ocean steamers brought here last year 85,000 tons of freight, and took away 100,000 tons. The domestic consump- tion of flour for the year past was 518,938 barrels, though the agsrcgate flour trade of the state was much larger. Not only during the summer but also during the winter do the steamers of the Casco Bay Steamboat Company run to the islands. They make Uie same round as in the summer, with fewer trips, the average being six daii^-, and thus the islands are available as places of residence all the j-ear. The Boston Chamber of Commerce, Merchants' Association, and rorlhuid Board of Trade, by their united efforts, have lately secured from the I'ost Oflice Department, a night mail service between Boston and New York. By this new arrangement mails from New York and beyond will be received in Portland several hours earlier, and mails hence will reach their destination at least six hours earlier than formerly. Maine next to Baltimore has one of the largest canned goods business in the country, and though Baltimore leads in the quantity of fruit establish- ments, Maine leads the world in the superior quality of her coru, fish, meats, and vegetables. Corn packing first originated in Portland and at once leaped into popular favor, and great care has ever since been had with packers here to use only fresh and healthy materials and to exercise close oversight tliat all goods are cleanly prepared. The Islands. From the earliest times the islands in our harbor have been much resorted to by our citizens for recreation during the heat of the summer. Cool- ness and comfort are to be found on their rocky shores when the city is sweltering under a blazing sun. The amusements of bathing and fishing inay be diversified by strolls through balsamic groves, or by watching the surges of the restless ocean as they break in foam at the base of old White Head. at end of Custo Wharf— Off fo the Islands Years ago, before pleasure-steamers were introduced, it was the custom to make the trip in sail-boats. By mismanagement, or sudden squalls of wind, these were sometimes upset, and whole parties of women and children were drowned. One of the most lamentable of these disasters occurred in July, 1848, when the wife and thi'ee children of Mr. Smith, and four children of Mr. John "Whyley, were drowned by the upsetting of the pleasure-boat Leo, near Hog Island Ledge, by a sudden fiaw of wind. Since the introduction of steamboats very few accidents have occurred, many thousands each season enjoying the trip with entire safety. If we chance to be on Commercial street some warm, summer afternoon, we shall see crowds of men, women, and children converging toward the end of Custom House Wharf, where the steamers of the Casco Bay Steamboat 108 PORTLAXh AND riClNITY. CoiDpauy, take their depaijture. Or, at au earlier hour, excursion parties, numbering hundreds, which have come by rail from some distant interior town, may be found in pm-suit of the same object. The harbor at this time presents an animated and beautiful scene. The breeze ruffles the water just sulliciently to give commotion to its surface ; the dancing waves gleam in the bright afternoon_^sunshine ; the harbor is perhaps full of coasters, pleasure- yachts, and saU-boats, whose white sails, hoisted to dry after the rain, remind one of the wings of a flock of waterfowl just rising for flight ; sea-gulls wheel through the air on the watch for bits of food floating on the water ; row- boats are moving about from point to point ; the ferry-boat is steaming over to the opposite shore of Cape Elizabeth, and crowds of merry pleasure- seekers are swarming on the decks of the steamer. As she moves off from the wharf and steams down the harbor, the city with its docks, its shipping, its warehouses, its steeples, its ^_ , " breezy dome " of shade trees, and the rounded sum- ^ i ■_— niit of City Hall, rises on its swel- ^ — =- ling peninsula, presents a beautiful picture. Presently we are opposite the Breakwater, extending from a point on the Cape Elizabeth shore, for protection of the shipping in southwesterly gales, with a harbor-light on its outer end to protect them from itself ! The Breakwater was commenced as long ago as 1S;3G, but was finished only fifteen or eighteen years since. The liglit-house at its extremity is a very tasteful little structure of iron. Now we are off Fort Preble, named for our Commodore Edward Preble, and situated ou Spring Point, Cape Elizabeth. The old brick fort has been demoliehed to give place to new breastworks not yet completed. Here the harbor garrison is stationed, and at close of day we may hear the sunset gun, and the drums beating the "tattoo." Nearly opposite, on House Island, is Fort Scammell, named for Colonel Alexander Scammell, a brave oflicer of the KcVdlutionarv Army. The original fort, connnenced in 1808, with its old- PORTLAND AND VICINITr. 109 fashioned block-house, has beeu dismautled to give place to a moderu for- tification, -n-ith bastions, bomb-proofs, and heavy guns. Fort Scammell occupies a very important position in the harbor, commanding four of the channels leading into it. In consists in part of granite walls, and in part of earthworks. Farther within the harbor, on a low ledge off Little Hog Island, stands Fort Gorges, named for Sir Ferdiuando Gorges, the first .^j.t:^^^-^^ ill Steamer John Brooks, for Boston, passing Fort Sc proprietor of this part Maine. It is octagon- shape as regards the form, of about three-fourths — ^_^ "*s^^ _^- of its conference, the back being straight ; is buUt — ^"^ r&=5s=sS"'^'°~^ of granite, with embrasures for two tiers of guns, while ou the parapet guns of the hea\'iest calibre will be placed. This fort is intended to defend the harbor and the channels leading into it. It presents quite an imposing appearance with its high gran- ite walls, and green parapets, which are neatly sodded. Passiug down the ship-channel a short distance we reach CUSHING'S ISLAND. Cushing's Island lies at the mouth of Portland Harlior, its southern end forming one shore of the ship-channel which is the main entrance to the har- bor. It has the most bold and prominent features of all the islands in the bay. Rising to a considerable altitude, its southeastern shore presents a rocky and precipitous frout to the sea, terminating at the northeastern end in a castellated bluff of perpendicular rock nearly one hundred and fifty feet high. Along the high ridge of the island, for nearly its whole length, runs a dark forest growth, which gives it a bristly appearance, like "quills upon the fretful porcupine." From these woods, on the northerly or harbor side, the land descends rapidly to a little arable valley running through the island, and thence to the beaches and ledges that line the inner shore. Thus the island presents a stern rampart to the ocean, shutting it from view, while it smiles upon the smoother waters of the harbor. no POBTLAXD AXD riCINITY. The earliest English name by -n-hich this island, and the mainland iu Cape Elizabeth opposite to it, were known, was Portland, as was also the main channel between them, "Portland Sound." James Andrews was the first proprietor ; he was living upon it in 1667, and it was known by his name. Later, it was known as Fort Island, probably from its ha^•ing been a place of retreat from the Indians in KITt;, when a fort was hastily thrown up there for protection. It afterwards came into possession of Joshua Bangs, whose name it bore for more than a hundred years. About forty years since it was purchased, for ten thousand dollars, by Lemuel Gushing, Esq., of Chatham, Canada, who in 1853 built a large brick hotel on the island, which he named the Ottawa House. This house was always a favorite resort of the best class of Canadians. On the death of Mr. Cushing, a number of years since, the property came into possession of his sons, and its present owner is Mr. Francis Cushing. The original house accommodated one hundred and fifty guests, but it was burned in 1880. A new and magnificent hotel of the same name was im- mediately begun on the same site, the enterprise being in the hands of a syndicate of capitalists and was opened this season. From the city and in sailing down the harbor the Ottawa at once catches the eye, and as the steamer nears the Landing the structure, situated as it is on one of the highest points on the island, stands out in bold relief, and presents a most imposing appearance. A short w.alk from the landing, past picturesque cottages and shady willows, and up the short hill brings us to the hotel. The exterior of the building is unlike any other hotel iu Maine. It can hardly be described as belonging to any particular style or class of architecture. It is a building of no mean size, as can be imagined from the fact that the main hotel itself, without the ell, is 255 feet long, and the centre gable is over eightj' feet high. It has accommodations for over 300 guests. The Ottawa is under the management of ^I. S. Gibson, of Portland, proprietor of the Preble House. The summer climate of the island is very equable and luiiltliy, the average PORTLAND AND VICINITY. Ill range of the thermometer, iu the rooms, being from sixty-five to sixty-eight degrees thi-oiighout the season. The balsamic odors of the firs and spruces mingling with the fresh sea-breezes, have a bracing and tonic effect. Good beaches afford opportunities for sea-bathing, while both the shore and deep-sea fishing are excellent. Gunners are caught from the rocks, and off White Head cod and haddock abound. A number of beautiful smnmer residences have been buUt on the island and many improvements have been made^^in the past few years, among others, h and the Willows, Cushing's Island. roads being laid out, rendering it possible to drive for six or eight miles along the shores and across the island. One of the most prominent, tasteful, and artistic cottages yet erected on Gushing's Island is the new summer residence and studio of Mr. Ilarrj' B. Brown, the Portland artist. It is very finely located on the western slope of the island, opposite the west front of the Ottawa House and quite near its northern wing. The west side of the cottage is the residence. It is surrounded by broad piazzas on front and the ends, giving charming views of the bay, islands, and city. The east side of the house is the large, light and airy studio of Mr. Brown, its walls decorated with some of his finest coast scenes 112 rVIlTLAyO AND riCIXITY. aiia\e swiftly thi-ough them. It remains only to visit White Head, the grand old headland that guards the eastern entrance to our harbor. It is a walk of a mile or more along the embowered path that runs through the evergreen woods. Here the close-set Wh te Head, Cushing's Island. spruces shut out all sight of the sea, so near at hand, while yet the music of its breaking waves falls softly on the ear. One might think himself dreaming of the oceau in some far inland forest. Occasionally a break in the dense foliage gives a view of clustered stems, rising in " a dim, religious light," like the pillars of some vast cathedral. The soft carpet of the sod gives back no sound to your footfall, and the path is solitary, save the sentinel crow in some tall fir, who caws angrUy at your intrusion. The walk ends on the open brow of the precipice, from which the woods recede, leaving it to battle with the ocean in its native strength. Here the ww widens on all sides. Just 114 PORTLAND AXD VICIXITV. below, on the right, lie the low green shores of Peak's Island ; in the fore- jri'uuud on the left, are seen the frowning walls of the forts ; the city lies in the ilistance bathed in sunshine, while in the remote northwest the White Moun- tains mingle their summits with the cumulous clouds. Looking eastward the surface of the bay is broken by many wooded islands, and far in the dim distance Seguin appears, a shadowy outline on the horizon. Southward rolls till- ocean, with many a sail on its broad bosom, — some coming out of the misty distance, while others are disappearing beyond the line which bounds the view. "White Head presents to the sea a precipice of one hundred to one hun- dred and fifty feet in height. It is composed of a gray, granite rock, split into leaves standing on their edges, fallen into broken fragments, scarred, seamed, jagged, and yet presenting smooth, precipitous walls, painted a warm orange-red by the hardj- lichens, whose mission it is to clothe the bar- ren rock with beauty. The Head projects into the sea in thi-ee distinct masses, having between them two deep recesses, or miniature fiords, worn far into the cliff by the waves. Down one of these aliysses you may scramble over the fallen rocks, and sit under the projecting cliff, with the foamy sea beating on the bar- nacled ledges at j-our feet. Into the other recess there is no descent. Its walls on all three sides fall precipitously into the water which forms its floor. It is a great ball-room, in which only the waves may dance, while we look on from the galleries above. The south wall of this recess runs out into a point not more than three feet wide at the extremity, and lying flat here one may look straight down into the sea, a dizzy depth. Standing on tlie top of the cliff, and looking down on the white-winged craft which are continually passing, as thej- leave or enter the harbor, rising and falling with graceful dip on the long roll of the sea, you feel yourself poised in mid-air, and akin to the sea-birds, which soar and sweep around you ; the white sails come and go ; the water surrounds you on all sides but one, and s|jreads in pale blue beauty up the lovely bay, or in deeper tints southward toward the horizon lines. IIow different must be the scene when a winter night shuts down iu storm and darkness, and the angrj- waves tumble into these rocky recesses, and leap in foam and spray high into the air. Then it is that AVhite Head is white in- deed, and a welcome sight to the storm-tossed mariner, whose staggering bark leaps at once from a turbulent sea into calm waters behind its sheltering shores — the natural breakwater of our harbor. PEAK'S ISLAND. Peak's Island lies partlj' inside of Cushing's Island from which it is sep- arated by White Head Passage. Together with Cnshing's Ishind it forms an 116 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. effectual barrier against the waves of the ocean, which would othei-wise beat in up to the wharves of the city. It is surrounded by foiu" islands — Cush- ing's, House, Hog (or Diamond), and Long — and with them forais a beautiful and safe harbor for thousands of vessels annually seeking its protection. It is about one and a half miles long, by a mile and a quarter wide, at the widest part, and contains seven hundred and twenty acres. Though not rising to so gi'eat an elevation as C'ushing's Island, or presenting so bold a front to the sea, it has many attractive features, being in some respects the most beau- tiful island in our harbor. Its outer shore is rocky and wave-worn, presenting an inhospitable aspect to vessels seeking the harbor in a stonn. Here the surf breaks heavily, and the spray, even in pleasant weather, frequently dashes in the air to the height of twenty feet. From the seaward shore the laud rises gradually to a central elevation of perhaps a hundred feet in the highest part, commanding magnificent views of the ocean, the harbor, and the mountains eighty miles away. From this ele- vation it descends to the inner shore, presenting a green and sunny slope to the smoother waters of the harbor. The island frowns upon the sea and smiles upon the city. There are few fairer pictures than that presented by its long strip of sandj^ beach, with the high green bank rising steeply above it, fringed in part by drooping foliage, behind which nestle snug cottages, while on the higher ground are seen the now numerous summer dwellings, the chiu'ch, the school-house and the many hotels and boarding-houses. The houses are dotted about in the most charming disregard of order and regular- ity, and foot-paths wind through the grass from one to another in a very pleasant waj'. As we approach in the steamer, the most conspicuous objects are the high tower in Greenwood Garden and the Forest City skating rink close to the water's edge near the landing. For two centuries there was not a regular road, nor a horse, upon the island, but a few year* since a street on the inner side, was laid out by the city, in 1875 a portion of it was graded and it now extends all the way from Greenwood Garden to Evergreen Landing, while various other higiiways traverse the island. Though not the largest island belonging to the city, Peak's Island has the largest number of inhabitants, the resident population in liSMO numbering three hundred anil seventy. They are largely descendants of our first settlers, a hardy and industrious people, doing a little farming and a good deal of fish- ing. Of late years less attention has been paid to fishing and more to the entertainment of summer visitors. The beauty of the island, and its facili- ties for sea-bathing and fishing, yearly attract large numbers of summer boarders, as also excursion and picnic parties, and a few dwellers in tents by the seashore. There are now about a score of hotels and large boarding-houses on the island, which make a special business of entertaining visitors, while PORTLAND AND VICINITV. 117 nearly every house takes iu a few boarders during the season. Formerly as many as five or six hundred persons camped on tlie island in tents dur- ing the summer, but now-a-days the number is very much smaller, as the accommodations iu substantial houses has increased. The same fact is true of the other island, although on the more remote one campers are quite nu- merous. There are now many summer residences on the island, and the num- l)er within a few ^^ ^ -^ - • • years jiast has increased so rapidly that at the west end there is now a considerable community of red-i-oofed and commodious dwellings, the whole present- ing quite a town- like appearance. No place ou the coast offers greater or more varied attrac- tions for sum- mer residences. The island at- tracts a larger number of %'isitors than any other in our harbor, and forms with its swings, its bowling-saloons, its refreshment-rooms, its beaches, its woody retreats and rocky shores, a most attractive pleasure resort. Mr. Willis, our historian, tells us that there is reason to believe that the first attempt to establish a plantation within the limits of ancient Falmouth was on Peak's Island. Christopher Levett records that iu 1623 he built and fortified a habitation on an island, which, from his description of the locatiou, is supposed to have been this one. He left ten men in ^charge of his house and went back to England to bring over his wife and children, but it does not appear that he ever came back. The island formed a'^part of the grant to George Cleeve, and he, in 1637, deeded it to his son-in-law, Michael Mitton, from whom have descended the Bracketts and Trotts of our day, who stdl hold possessions there. They are a people tenacious of the [soil, and the island has been the fruitful mother of law-suits iu modern times, — one party ood Garden, Peak's Island. 118 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. claiming possessiou through Mitton, aud the other thi-ough Phillips, to whom Mitton's widow transferred it. It is believed to be held now under both titles, by a sort of compromise, — the Brackett branch of the Mitton family occupy- ing part of it, and the grantees under Phillips the remainder. The island has borne the successive names of Pond, Michael, Munjoy, Palmer, and Peak's. The first name was probably derived from the pond on the island : ^lichael comes from IMichael j\Iitton, the first occupant; Munjoy aud Palmer from succeeding owners ; and of Peak's, strange to say, nothing is known. There are four landings for steamers on the island all on the inner side. Two of these are at the western end, first. Forest City landing formerly called Scott's, and close bj' Jones' Landing. At the former the steamers of the Casco Bay Steamboat Company stop, aud at the other steamer Greenwood lauds. Stepping ashore from either we find ourselves at once in the midst of an animated sceue of recreation. Here are the bowling-allej-s, the swings, and the old apple-trees, beneath which the elders sit whUe the children play around them ou the grass. A good beach here affords fine facilities for bath- ing in perfect safety. This section of the island is the popular resort for the people of Portland. Passing up the short hill and proceeding westward along the main road w« soon reach the Forest City Rink, the toboggan slide, and at the end of the street we enter the grove where ]Mr. C. H. Knowlton has es- tablished Greenwood Garden. This is one of the most beautiful spots on the island. The high bank is fringed here with trees, shutting in a bowery in- closure, half orchard and half grove, which forms a sylvan reti'eat from the crowd of pleasure-seekers at the landing. The grounds are beautifully laid out, and contain several complete exhibitions, among which are the mammoth Opera House where entertainments are given afternoon and evening, a zoological garden, aquarium, aviary, flying horses, a refreshment saloon, etc. One of the chief attractions is a high tower from which the whole island can be viewed, and the charming prospect of the islands, the city, and the bay is seen to rare advantage. The garden is under the manivgement of Mr. C. H. Knowlton. Just outside of the bonds of Greenwood Garden, and near the shore, is the island cemetery, a neat iuclosure, with its white marble headstones and monuments. The spot was formerlj- neglected, and overgrown with bram- bles, exploring among which, some years ago, we found the grave of a poor printer, who visted the island for his health over fifty years ago, and died here. Ou his gravestone was inscribed, at his own request. Pope's well- known line: "whatever is, is right." A gentleman with us remembered coming down from the Argus office — in which he was then an apprentice — to attend the funeral. Bej'ond the Greenwood Garden, and so situated as to face White Head, Cushing's Island, is the memorial building of the Fifth Maine Regiment, built PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 119 this season, and dedicated, with appropriate ceremonies, August 1st. The buUding is 30x50 feet, with a 10-foot piazza all around. The main hall is 30x50, with two large ante-rooms. The entrance is from the north-westerly end, and is by means of a broad pair of stairs leading to the piazza, from which wide doors open into the ante-rooms. The windows are all of stained glass, and the light from them is of a subdued yellow tint. Ten of them are memorials of the companies of the Regiment, and six others of individual ofHcers and privates. Returning to the highway, a short distance eastward from the landing we come to the Bay View House, run by Captain J. T. Sterling. This is one of the best and most convenient hotels on the island. It is on the left side of the street as we approach from the steamer, and is situated directly on the bluffs overlooking the beach, the landings and the Sound between Peak's and Diamond Islands, so that from its rooms, grounds, and piazza the prospect is not only beautiful, but life and interest is added by the continual succession of steamers, sailboats, and j'achts passing, and thus constituting a moving i)an- orama. A fine lawn slopes gently along the side of the house to the edge of the bluff, and under the trees here comfort can be taken if anywhere. At the base of the bluff are convenient bathing-houses for the use of gTiests, and the conveniences and appliances for fishing are very good. The house is con- ducted by Captain Sterling, and is a very popular place with its guests. The accommodations are for seventy-five guests. The house stands high on the bank above the shore, and commands a fine \iew of the harbor and the city. In this neighborhood are many neat cottages. The walk in this neighbor- hood, along the top of the high bank, commands fine views. 120 POiriLAXD AXD VICINITY. Continuing along the shore road eastward we soon pass, on the high laud, on the right, near the central portion of the island, the Methodist church, and till' Imndsonie brick school-house built by the city, where a graded school is maintained. The third landing aud next below those just mentioned is Tre- fethens, which is only a short distance bj' the highway from Forest City AVharf . This place takes its name from Captian VT. S. Trefctheu, who runs the A'alley View House, a pleasantly situated hotel a few steps back from the head of the wharf. The house is surrounded by trees and is in the midst of cultivated grounds. This is a nuich quieter neighborhood than that at the westward landings. The advantages in the line of fishing here are most excellent. Captain Trefctheu keeps a fishing schooner in which nearly every day he sends out parties for deep sea fishing. From the wharf itself the fishing is very good while on the further side of the island the line fishing from the rocks is unexcelled, and the distance over is only half or three-quarters of a mile. Captain 'i'rcfetheu makes a si)ecialty of fried lobsters, which he prepares in a unique manner, and here fish dinners are prepared for large or small parties at any time if sutlicient notice is given. Beyond Trefethen's we pass now into the thick growth of evergreens which covers the northeastern portion of the island, affording many jjleasant walks aud sunny glades where one uiay enjoy all the charms of solitude. Following the road we soon reach Evergreen Landing near the eastern end of the island. Here on the alu-upt shore among the trees are a score or more of tasteful summer residences, aud near the head of the wharf are a refresh- ment saloon and a bowling-alley. Many visit this point for the wildness of its scenery and the seclusion from the crowd which its rocks and groves afford. The eastern end of the island, in its rough and broken features, presents a strong contrast to the western end. Though it has not the elevation of AVhite Head, it has a bold, rocky shore, opposite which, and uear at hand, lies Pump- kin Knob, a handful of rocks covered with an evergreen growth. The dead .spruces here on the top of the cliff are clad with moss, aud look like greybeards of the forest. Here the shore forms a sort of amphitheatre, on the high rocky walls of which are rude seats where we may sit, and look out ui)ou the islands of the lower bay, while listening to the nuisic of the waves lapping the shore far below. Standing upon the barnacled rocks of the shore here, it is grand to look up the storm Ijeaten walls of Ihe cliff to the spruces which overhang them, gray aud weather-worn. Circling around tlie cliff, through the fragrant bayberry bushes, where the sea-pigeon Hutters in the branches overhead, we come upon the outer shore of the island, Avhere the broad ocean opens to view, aud the breakers beat ui)on the rocks. Here the solitude until recently was broken only by the cry of some lone sea-bird, or the dash of the waves upon the shore. We pass a suc- cession of rocky coves, and sea-walls — ramparts of rounded stones thrown up PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 121 by the waves. There is driftwood ou the shore, fragments of some wreck, perhaps, borne by the waves from distant coasts. More than one vessel has been wrecked on this rocky shore. In the great gale of 8th of September, 1869, the schooner Helen f:iiza, of Gloucester, Massachusetts, parted her cables and was driven on to the ledge off the deep pond, in the darkness and the storm. The crew took to the waves ; Ijut of the twelve men aboard, only one, Charles Jordan, of Rockport, Mass., succeeded in reaching the shore, — all the rest were drowned. The schooner was ground to pieces on the rocks, and strewed in kindling wood along the shore. Ten bodies were I'ecovered ; that of the captain, Edward Millett, of Eockport, Mass., drifted out of the undertow and was bome through White Head Passage around to the harlior side of the island, where it was found in a cove. Until within a few j'ears this side of the island was neglected excei)t for fishing or camping, but ^^^_ now a hotel, the largest , .^ -^ - -_ on the island, the Chap- man House, with a ca- pacitj' for 150 guests, overlooks the wUdest portion of the coast from an elevated and com- manding situation. The land in the vicinity, a tract of about one hun- dred acres, is the prop- erty of Mrs. May Chap- man, who is also the pro- prietor of the hotel. This section has been named Rock Bound Park, a very suitable appellation. The land rises to a considerable elevation a short distance back from the beach, and is covered with evergreen and j'oung spruce trees, the whole over- looking the shore and easily accessible fi-om it. Mrs. Chapman has laid out her property into five hundred cottage lots, and for the present the land along shore has been reserved as a park. Although so rocky, there are a few sheltered beaches where bathing is safe and pleasant. Already a num- ber of summer cottages have been ei-ected, and more are in contemplation, some even being now in process of erection. This section of the island is specially desirable as a resting place in the summer. It is away from the bustle of the inner side of the island, there is no dust, no sand, and the soil is a dark rich loam, suitable for gardening. The ocean breezes, the balsam-laden air, with its health-g■i^•^ng properties, which experience has proved is a sure cure for hay fever and catarrhal trouble of Rock Bound Pa 122 POUTLAND ASD VICISITY. — these advantages are possessed by this portion of the island in greater per- fection than elsewhere. This locality is just the place to rest, and let nature's recuperative energies build up the system. The opportunities for fishing are unexcelled, either from shore or from boats. For bathing the advantages are excellent. The purchase of this property by ]\Irs. Chapman and its improvement by her has resulted in a de- cided benefit to the whole island. She is a lady of much tact and enterprise, and under her management, no doubt, both the hotel and the property ^ill be utilized to the best advantage. Extensive improvements are in comtemi)la- tion in the future so that the locality while still possessing its present natural advantages wQl also be within easy reach of the steamboat landings on the inner side of the island by means of good roads and rapid conveyances. Like all other out-of-the-way rocky shores in New England, tradition has it that Captain Kidd hid some of his treasures on the shore of what is now Rock Bound Park, but although no one has ever found any, the effort of exploring the shore no matter with wliat end in view will be productive of pleasure if not of profit. Southward the bare, bold cliff of old AVhite Head appears in sharp relief against the heavy back-ground of dark green forest trees, beyond which the roof and cupola of the Ottawa House are visible. Glancing westward the entire harbor lies at our feet, filled with vessels, large and small, some just coming in, others standing out to sea, while three or four passing steamers help to give life and variety to the scene. The forts and the light-houses, the numerous forest-crowned islands, the newly-mown fields reaching down to the water's edge, all claim their share of attention ; while in the distance rises the beautiful forest city, still meriting its old and well-known title, though man}' of its noble trees were laid low in the great conflagration. Its two hills, one at either extremity, its shipping at the wharves, its numerous church- spires and the gilded top of the lantern surmounting the cupola of the City Building glistening in the rays of the descending sun, make up a picture of sur- passing beauty. Beyond all, away in the north, rises the great dome of Mount Washington, — whose mighty fomi is never so sharplj' defined as at sunset, in mid-summer, — its dark purple outlines presenting a strong con- trast against the crimson sky. When the sun has finally gone down in a sea of fire behind the mountains, and we reluctantly begin to walk down the liill, our eyes are still fixed on that distant, cloud-like sunnnit, fascinated by its strange, weird grandeur, as the shades of evening gather around it. LONG ISLAND. Long Island lies northeast of Peak's Island, and is separated from it by Hussey's Sound. It continues the line of natural breakwaters which enclose and protect Portland Harbor. In 170C it was owned by the ubiijuitous John PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 123 Smith, aud on an old map of Casco Bay, published in London, it is called Smith's'^ Island. As its [present name indicates it has much greater length than breadth, presenting a long line of shore to the inner bay, while its outer coast is more broken and irregular in form. The Government charts make it the largest island belonging to Portland, giving it an area of nine hundred and twelve acres. According to the census of 1880 it has two hundred and fifty- two inhabitants, of whom one hundred and forty are males, and one hundred and twelve females. The men are engaged in fishing and farming, alternat- ing with the seasons, a custom very common with the inhabitants along the New England sea-coast. As the island has no marked features it has been but little visited uutQ within a few years. A wharf has been thrown out near the western end, where the steamer touches, and at its head there is a shed- like structure where clam dinners are served. On the northern side of Long Inland, and near the western end, conven- ient to the landing, is the Dirigo House, Mr. Joseph H. Perry, proprietor, the only hotel on the island. In the hotel and adjoining cottage, there are accom- modations for 100 guests. The house is situated on a bluff, eleven and a half rods from the beach, and commands fine views of the ba}^ and islands. Di- rectl}' northward are the shores of Falmouth Foreside, with Clapboard Island intervening ; westward are Cow and Great Diamond, while to the eastward are Great and Little Chebeague. Immediately in the rear, and nearly surround- ing the house is a beautiful grove of evergreens. The fishing ground for cod, haddock, cunners, mackerel, and other fish, is directl}- off the house, and the opportunity for pursuing the finny denizens of the deep are unsurpassed. Be- sides these natural advantages, the house has all the comforts and conven- iences of a home. In this connection it would be in order to mention the fact that Mr. Perry conducts a winter hotel in Florida, in the beautiful village of Interlachen, on the line of the Florida Southern Railway, eighteen miles west of Palatka, where one hundred Northern families have their homes. The house is known as the Hotel Interlachen, and is the largest and best hotel in the place. It has a frontage of nearly one hundred feet on Lake Chipco, and has fine broad verandas in front. A constant supply of Northern meats, prepared by North- ern cooks is kept in its large refrigerator, and the greatest care as to cleanli- ness, so essential in that climate, is maintained in each department. In close proximitj' to the house is the railroad depot, the church, and the lakes, on which boats are free to the hotel's guests. Good fishing and hunting are found in the vioinit}'. The house is a homelike winter resort, free from the dissi- pations or exactions of fashion, and the table is well supplied with the best of food. The house has accommodations for 100 guests, and the rate is $7 to $9 per week, children half-price. Besides the accommodations of the main hotel there are eight cottages adjoining ; the terms are $7 to $10 per week. In POllTLAXD AXD VICINITY. going there from the north, the best route is to go bj* boat to Savannah, and then by rail the remainder of the journej-. For any further information or applications, address Dirigo House until October 1st. DIAMOND ISLAND. Diamond Island formerly called Hog Island, is the larger of two islands connected by a sand bar covered at high tide. History claims that Christo- pher Levett, in 1623, here built the first house erected within the limits of the city of Portland. The Deering family bought it in 1772, improved it many years as a hay farm and still retain an interest in it. This island com- prises about 4()U acres, is heavil}' wooded and has many pleasant coves, the largest named " Diamond Cove," from beautiful quartz crystals found there, which were pleasant resorts for Portland people for over one hundred years. A company of about one hundred citizens of Portland, in 1882, pur- chased 215 acres in the centre of the island and along the northern shore to Seal Cove. Their land was platted into quarter acre lots, with avenues, parks, and play-grounds reserved, with wharfs on the northern shores and Diamond Cove, with provisions for proper sanitary regulations, and an ample supph- of pure water for the handsome cottages since built there, of which tliere are now about fift}-. At the time of the purchase the name of the island was formerly changed from Ilog to Diamond Island, and the company of owners is known as the Diamond Island Association. It is one of the most beautiful islands in Casco Ba^', its front on " the roads " presenting a precipitous wall to the sea, crowned with an evergreen forest, and the shady retreats of its many wooded coves have long been the famous and popular resorts of picnic and camping parlies from the city. The undulating surface of Diamond Island is greatly diversified with deep ravines, rugged elevations, commanding extensive views, precipitous sea walls, and green slopes extending to the shore ; its flora comprises a great variety of forest trees and wild flowers. The high swell of land in the centre of the island, so long a pasture and hay field, but now .adorned with numerous tasteful and handsome summer cottages, commands a very wide and beauti- ful view of the surrounding islands, the opposite main land, the Cape shore, the harbor with its shipping and the ever-moving panorama of pleasure steamers and sailing crafts, and of the beautiful "Forest City" enthroned on its elevated peninsula. .Shore fish may be caught from the wharves of the island and good deep sea fishing is not far away. There is not a more charm- ing spot for a summer residence on the whole coast of Maine ; some of the cottagers go down as early as April or May and stay there till October, but the real pleasure season begins with the first of July and extends to the middle of .September. The Casco Bay Steamboat Company's steamers, and other lines, make regular daily and frequent trips from the city to the island, PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 125 during the season, affording delightful excursions across the harbor and baj'. The house of the " Portland Club," is situated on the high land, near the landing. LITTLE CHEBEAGUE. Little Chebeague lies inside of Long Island, opposite its noi-theastern point. It is connected with Great Chebeague by a sand-bar, dr}' at low water. It comprises but one hundred acres, but has some attractive features which make it a place of considerable resort. These are a charming grove on its highest point, with a thicket of undergrowth near at hand ; a spring of mineral water, a beach nearl}- a mile in length, and magnificent views of the bay, and the citj- in the distance. On leaving the wharf, at the landing, observe the bank composed wholl3' of comminuted clam-shells, giving evidence that this was one of the feasting places of the Indians. A ramble along the beach looking toward the mainland, and extending out to the bar connecting the island with Great Chebeague, will be rewarded by the discovery of many curious forms of marine life, not the least interesting of which are masses of the egg-cells of the buccinum un- dalum, resembling an agglomeration of the hulls of corn, for which they have been mistaken. There are two hotels on the island, the largest, near the landing, is the second hotel for size on Casco Bay, and will accommodate 100 guests. The other is known as Sunnyside House. The facilities for fishing and sea-bathing are good, and to those seeking health, the island oflfers pure air and a quiet retreat from the bustle of larger watering-places. There are several summer cottages on the island. The Tweutj'-Ninth Regiment Association Maine Volunteers have a memorial building on this island. HARPSWELL. About fourteen miles down the bay lies the long peninsula of Harpswell. The town comprises several islands in addition, and is said to have more sea- coast than anj' State on the Atlantic coast, except the State of Maine. The three fine steamers of the Harpswell Steamboat Company make two trips dailj- to this point in the pleasure season, and sevui-weekl^- trips during the rest of the year, starting from Custom House Wharf, and the passage, occupying about two hours, aflTords a wide variety- of beautiful land and water views. Passing down the harbor we see, on the left, the ship-building village of East Deering, and the Marine Hospital rising above the groves of Martin's Point, with Mackev's Island in the foreground just ofl^ the Eastern Promenade, and now the property of Mr. James B. Baxter, he having a fine summer resid- ence thereon. Leaving Fort Gorges on the right, we enter the passage between Peak's Island and the Hog or Diamond Islands. The western end of Little Diamond rises from the water in a fine slope, and is now dotted with pictur- esque summer residences. Near the middle of the island we pass the light-house I'i6 PORTLAND A \'D VJrJXiri'. Station established by the United States Government for the storage of coal and buoys, and as the station of the steamer which supplies fifty-two light-houses, nearly all on the coast of Maine. The government has purchased and fenced in four acres of land here, and erected a neat cottage as a residence for the superintendent. The grounds have great variety of surface, including some beautiful nooks, and command a fine view of the harbor and islands. The trees have been carefully preserved. The eastern end of the island has a wharf, and is frequently resorted to by excursion parties. The island !)as a diversified surface and a forest growth, and was formerly a favorite resort of parties camping out. The steamer stops at the Farmer's Landing, on the eastern end of Great Diamond, and from this point the sand-bar which connects the two islands, is plainly discernible, especiiilly if the tide is low. The large building on the hill a short distance from the land is the new house of the Portland Club, and all around are tasteful summer residences, many of them recently erected. Coasting along the rocky wall of Great Diamond Island, crowned with a heavy growth of firs, spruces, and oaks, we come in sight of the beautiful Diamond Cove, which deeply indents its eastern end. This spot was much resorted to by picnic parties in the days of sail-boat excursions, but is now seldom visited. It may be easily reached by row-boat from Evergreen Landing. Crossing Ilussey's Sound we touch at Long Island, then steam across to Little Chebeague, and taking a turn around the projecting point of Great Che- beague, stop at the lauding on Hope Island. Then crossing the channel, we stop at Great Chebe.ague. Great Chebe.agiie belongs to the town of Cumber- land. It is a large island of two thousand acres, and has a considerable population, with churches and schools. A large hotel here accommodates summer visitors. The view at this point on a fine summer morning, when the sea is smooth and the sun is shining, is very lovely. The islands here cluster thick, completely shutting in the little harbor, so that it resembles an inland lake. Outside of us lies Mope Island, and outside of that Crotch Island, and beyond that again, Jewell's Island, — all beautiful islands crowned with forest growth. As we steam on we pass between Little Bangs' and Stave Island, and cross Broad Sound, in the mouth of which lies Eagle Island, high and densely wooded. We have been told that this island is the property of two widows, who receive from government an anniuty of sixty dollars to keep the wood standing as a landmark for the vessels entering the sound. The navigation here, owing to reefs and winding channels, is intricate and dangerous, for which reason the government has also erected a monument on Mark Island. Following the winding passages we enter Potts's Harbor, and land on Harpswell Neck. This long peninsula here narrows to a point, with deep water on either side. Just across the arm of the bay, to the eastward, lies PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 1-27 Bailej-'s Island, one of the most beautiful in the ba}-, but seldom visited. In line with it northward comes Orr's Island, the scene of Mrs. Stowe's novel, "The Pearl of Orr's Island." These islands, indeed, are rich in literary associations. Ragged Island, which lies broad off in the baj', midway between Bailey's Island and Small Point Harbor, is supposed to be the " Elm Island" of the Rev. Elijah Kellogg's stories. Whittier has preserved a legend of these isles, and tells in his vigorous verse the story of " The Dead Ship of Harps- well," a spectre ship, which comes driving in as an omen of death, but never reaches laud : " In vain o'er Harpswell's Neck the star Of evening guides lier in; In vain for her tlie lamps are lit Within thy tower, SeguinI In vain the harbor-boat shall hail, In vain the pilot call ; No hand shall reef her spectral sail, Or let her anchor fall." There are a number of hotels on the Neck, the Merriconeag House, the Harpswell House, the Lawson House, Alexander House, Sea View Cottage. Grand View House, Morse House, Mansion House, and others. Saloons and bowling-allej-s offer refreshment and amusement to excursion parties. The " Auburn Colonj'," families from Auburn and Lewiston, has a row of summer cottages here, arranged in a semicircle on high land overlooking the bay. Ample facilities are offered for boating, and the summer heat is alwa3's tem- pered bj- fresh sea-breezes. EXCURSIONS IN THE BAY BY STEAMERS. The excursions that can be taken in Casco Bay by steamer from Portland are manj', and afford opportunities to see a wide variety of scenery. The Casco Bay Steamboat Company* run five steamers, named Forest Citj', Forest Queen, Emita, Cadet, and Express ; and they make frequent trips to the nearest islands, Cushing's, Peak's, Diamond, aiid Long. The Harpswell Steamboat Company, bj' means of their three steamers, the Merryconeag, the Gordon, and the Alice, reach Long Island, Little Che- beague, Hope Island, Jenks', Great Chebeague, and Harpswell Neck, and Bailey's and Orr's Islands. One of the steamers of this line makes trips to Mackey's Island, and Waite's Landing, Sargent's Landing, and Town Landing on Falmouth Foreside. The Freeport Steamboat Compan}- run the steamer Phantom, between Freeport and Portland, touching at Great Chebeague, Littlejohn's and Cousin's Islands. The steamer Greenwood runs to Jones and Trefethen's Landings, Peak's Island, and the steamer Isis makes trips to Diamond Island and Cove. In all, there are thus eleven steamers plying constantlj' to places on the bay, while trips on either the Boothbaj- or Mt. Desert steamers also afford opportunitj' to observe the scenery of the islands and the inland waters. Drives in the Vicinity. Those who prefer liriving to boating may turn from the islands and enjoy pleasant excursions through the neighboring towns of Cape Elizabeth, Scarhoro', Deer- ing and Falmouth. There are many fine drives in Cape Elizabeth, commanding views of the city and of the ocean. One may skirt alons; the shore, by the sounding sea, where the waves break in spray upon the rocks, or may turn inland and drive through embowered roids, among green fields and orchards. In Deering he may visit Evergreen Cemetery, or the beautiful scenery on the shores of the Presumpscot. Along Falmouth Foreside are charming views of the bay, enclosed bv its wooded islands. A DRIVE THROUGH CAPE ELIZABETH AND SCARBORO' TO PROUTS NECK. The old-time pleasure-resort, Front's Neck, is something over fourteen miles distant from the city by way of the ocean road, round the cape. This w-as the old road to Boston in the early days when the settlers crept along the sea-shore, crossing the mouths of the rivers by ferries. Parson Smith, on his trips to the metropolis of New- England, crossed Portland Harbor by ferry and rode on horseback along this shore road to Saco and Portsmouth, where he lodged over night, reaching Boston the third day. There are shorter routes to the Neck than this, but no other commands so many fine views of the ocean. Crossing Portland Bridge we have a fine view of the harbor, with the long line of wharves, the shipping, and the islands down the bay. At the Cape Elizabeth end of the bridge are the premises of the Portland Dry Dock Company, comprising an area of twenty-five acres, facing the harbor. The company was incorporated in February, iS6S, and the docks were formally opened in September, 1S69. There are two docks, the larger one having the greatest draught of water pertaining to any dock in United States. It is 425 feet long, 100 feet wide, with a depth of water on the gate-sil of 23 feet, at ordinary high tide. The dock would probably take in any vessel now afloat, excepting the Great Eastern. Powerful pumps, capable of emptying the basin in about two hours, are worked by steam, in a building by its side. The gate fitting the entrance to the dock is constructed in the form of a vessel, with bow and stern shaped alike. It contains about two hundred tons of ballast, besides compartments which may be filled with water. When the dock is to be opened, water is let in through the PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 1: openings in the gate till the basin is filled; the water is pumped out of the compart- ments mentioned above, till the gate floats out of the grooves in which its ends and bottom are fixed ; the gate is then towed out of the way, and vessels enter. The next operation is to tow the gate back into position over the grooves, into which it fits water-tight. When properly placed water is let into it and it sinks at once, and the dock is closed. Then the pumps begin to throw out the water from within the basin, in immense streams that astonish those who witness it for the first time. The vessels, sink upon cradles placed for them, and are steadied, as the water leaves them, by vari- ous mechanical appliances. These docks are built on the plan of the Simpson patent and cost about $^50,000. At the end of the bridge, on the right, is a point of land where in the summer in years past, might often be seen a number of tents or shanties, occupied bv Penobstot Indians. For manv years they annually visited this spot, and made it the headquar- ters of their trade in baskets. We are now in the village of Knight- ville. Here, on the Cape Elizabeth shore some thirty or more years ago, George K nigh t , a s h ip - builder, built him a house and set up a ship-yard. At that time the land lay va- cant; but a thriving ^^^^^, Residence of Ph.np H. B,own, Glen Cov.. village, with its shops, its neat brick school-house, and its church, has gradually grown up around the original mansion of Mr. Knight, and now numbers several hundred inhabitants. Taking the left-hand road at the school-house, as we leave the village, we soon find ourselves climbing meeting-house hill, the summit of which commands a fine view of the city rising on the opposite shore. Here is the North (Congregational) meeting- house, with graveyard adjoining, known as the Mount Pleasant Cemetery. Still bearing to the left we strike into the road which skirts the shore bordering on the entrance to the harbor, and come in view of the islands in the bay. If we turn down one of the cross-roads here we shall reach the village of South Portland, and can drive around by Fort Preble. Cushing's Island lies just opposite, and there is a fine view here of passing shipping, and of the outer islands. Cape Elizabeth, as all this section of the country is called, forms a town by itself and is an extensive peninsula whose shores are now dotted with summer residences. The coast is very rocky and the land hilly. Returning to the main road and driving on, with the sea constantly in view, we pass a number of recently erected summer residences. On the left, about a mile further, is the summer cottage of Philip H. Brown, Esq. Situated in the midst of well-kept grounds, on the edge of the clift", it commands a fine view of the ocean and of the ves- sels passing in or out of the harbor. 130 POHTLAND AND VICINITY. Not far beyond we pass the entrance to Cape Cottage, a seaside hotel, built by John Xeal, and now conducted by B. C Gibson. Adjoining it is the Goddard Man. sion, built of the native gray rock, and perched like an old-time castle, on the top of the cliff, looking seaward. The road here winds pleasantly through a little green dell, and presently comes out on the roadway leading to Portland Head. This point is at the entrance to the ship-channel, along the shore of which we have been driving, and looks broad ofiF to the ocean. . Close at hand, on the angle of the shore made by the ship-channel with the main- land, stands Portland Light. This was the first light-house erected on this coast. It was completed and first lighted January lo, 1791. It is a fixed light, one hundred and one feet above the sea level, and visible in clear weather seventeen miles. Here is also a fog-trumpet, which in thick weather utters its loud warning notes to vessels approaching the land. There is a deep chasm in the cliff, just beyond the light-house, caused by the wearing away of a seam of trap-rock, into which the sea Hows, leavingit dry at low tide. In a storm the waves break here magnificently, throwing their spray at times as high as the light-house. This is a grand exhibition which Portlanders enjoy gratis, though not without peril. After a heavy gale parties frequently drive out to the Light to see the waves dash upon the shore. A number of years since two hackman, who had driven parties here, ventured too far out upon the rocks, when a great wave leaped up and swept them off, and their mangled remains were only recovered, wedged in among the rocks, some days later. The shore here, which trends away to the southwest, is bold and rocky, deeply worn by the beating waves which roll in from the Atlantic. In a storm the roar of the angrv sea is heard long before its white caps come in sight; the wind shrieks and bel- lows as though it were the mingled voices of ten thousand infuriated demons bent on tearing the ocean from its bed by its long white hair, flying in the gale; the long line of rocky shore is white with creamy foam and flying spray; the billows run high on tlie broad bosom of the ocean, and break over every half-submerged reef and ledge; far out on the Green Islands they are madly tumbling on the rocks ; Ram Island Ledge is a line of leaping, foam-white water; Trundy's Reef, where the Bohemian met her fate, shows white above the surf, like the hungry teeth of some sea-monster; while beyond, the waves dashing on Broad Cove Ledge leap high in air, great volumes of sea-foam, looking in the distance like angry spirits of the ocean striving to escape from its depths. Along the shore it is churn, churn, churn among the rocks; leap, leap, leap against the cliffs, as if so many foaming monsters were rushing from the sea upon the land, while the swirl and swash of the breakers in the chasms of the rocky wall end in spouting horns that throw their spray far over the shore. A short distance beyond the light-house, on the outer shore, stands a picturesque cottage, built of the native rock, with a lofty, massive tower, commanding a wide view seaward. Here, on a calm summer afternoon, the scene is in strong contrast to that we have just described. The ocean gently laps the rough ledges at the base of the cliff; its bosom is dotted with the sails of passing vessels, with here and there the smoke of a steamer on the horizon, while at nightfall the great lanterns of the light-houses gleam out in the distance. Just beyond this point we pass Pond Cove, where the sea breaks almost into the road, and a ride of a few miles brings us to the road leading off on the left to the Cape Lights, known as the Two-Lights. Here are two iron light-houses, fifty-four feet high, one hundred and seventy-two feet above the level of the sea, built in 1873 to replace the old toweis at a cost of $30,000. Five hundred sail of vessels PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 131 have been counted at one time in view from the summits of these lights. Near at hand is the cove wliere the steamship Bohemian, of the Allen Line of Liverpool steamers, came ashore some years since, and her cargo was strewn upon the beach, causing a novel scene of wreckage, the inhabitants turning out by hundreds to share in the spoil. This is a favorite point for picnic parties, who feast on cunners caught from the shore. A short drive brings us to the Ocean House. This hotel is admirably situated on the shores of a cove opposite Richmond's Island. The shore here is so fanned bv the ocean breezes that the atmosphere is cool in the hottest summer day. There is an Portland Light. excellent beach at hand, with facilities for bathing, while the sea view is unsurpassed. The house will accommodate from one hundred and thirty to one hundred and fifty boarders, and is always full in the season. It has long been a favorite resort of gentle- men from Canada, who come here with their families to enjoy the benefits of sea-bath- ing, in which they have great faith. The house is also largely patronized by Americans and is well kept by Mr. D. E. Dresser. Driving on a few miles we cross the Spurwink River, winding through its marshes, and turn down a road, on the left, to the Spurwink House, a sort of sportsman's lodge, where gunners resort in the season to shoot coots, plovers, and other sea-fowl. Good fishing is also to be had here. The house is situated on the bank of the river, in a pleasant spot. A short distance from this point we drive down a farm-road, through a farm-yard, to Higgins's Beach, at the mouth of the Spurwink. It was near this spot that our first settlers, George Cleeve and Richard Tucker, first established themselves in 1630, but were driven oft' by John Winter, the agent of the patentees, and subsequently settled on the Neck, now Portland. Here is a fine beach, with the surf rolling in magnificently. The spot is secluded and beautiful, and affords a fine site for summer cottages. 13-J POBTLAND AND VICINITY. The next points of interest are the Scarboro' Beaches, where are situated the Atlantic House and the Kirkwood House. The one entrance which leads to both these houses is through a fine evergreen grove, largely composed of grand old pines. Turn- ing to the left, where the road divides, we soon reach the Kirkwood House, kept as a summer resort by Mr. Otis Kaler. This house will accommodate about one hundred guests. The rooms in the main house are unusually spacious; and the cupola com- mands wide views of the sea, also of Richmond's Island, Old Orchard, and the White Mountains. It has a detached building, in which are many of the sleeping-rooms, with a large hall for amusements. Surf-bathing may be enjoyed on the beach in front of the house. The house has always been kept by experienced landlords, and is a favorite with many regular visitors to the sea-side. It has in past years, when kept open in the winter, been a resort of sleighing-parties from Portland. From the Scarboro' Beach road one can look across to the White Mountains. On clear days the highest peaks show sharply against the sky. The right-hand road carries the visitor to the Atlantic House, a favorite hotel, long kept by Mr. S. B. Gunnison. It accommodates from a hundred to a hundred and fifty boarders, and is always full in the season. It has a splen- ^=^ did beach, with fine facilities for sea-bathing, and having also a pine grove of twenty acres, with beautiful walks, it Combines the attractions o( the sea-shore and the' 'country. The Atlantic House is twenty rods from the beach. The remains of an old fort are found here, dating from the times of Indian warfare. Many visitors return here season after season, andlare much attached to the house and its popular landlord. One mile farther brings us to that ancient summer" resort known as Prput's Neck. We are now on historic ground, this having been thejpoint earliest settled in the town of Scarboro*. As early as 1633 Thomas Cammock, the first proprietor, had a house here, the cellar of which is still pointed out, as is also the site of the garrison where, in 1703, eight men drove olT a besieging force of 500 French and Indians. The Neck forms a peninsula, with the ocean on one side and a broad estuary on the other, on the opposite shore of which lies Old Orchard Beach, with its many hotels, in full view. For many years this Neck has been a favorite resort of picnic parties from Portland, Saco, Scarboro', Gorham, and other towns. It was long the property of the late Thomas Libby, whose family accommodated transient visitors by PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 133 cooking the fish caught by them oft" the rocks. The last few years have witnessed a marked and rapid increase in the accommodations for summer visitors, many of wliom are from New York, Philadelpliia, and from the south and west, owning their own cot- tages, and making it their residence through the season, the bathing being unexcelled by any on the coast, and the southwest trade winds blowing almost constantly through the season, makes the temperature ten to twelve degrees cooler than the neighboring city of Portland. The landward view is worthy of more than passing notice, taking in as it does Saco Bay with Old Orchard and Pine Point in the foreground, while in the distance the White Mountains form a fitting background to the delightful picture, the intervening hills and valleys serving to throw them out in all their grandeur. There is a fine sea-beach on the Neck ; also a bold, rocky shore, commanding wide ocean views. The shore is much resorted to b\ gunners, for the shooting of sea-fowl, whicli are often seen floating in large flocks on the surface of the sea. Scarboro' is famous for its marshes. The Indian name was Owas. coag, or "place of much grass," to which these extensive marshes fairly entitle it. Pine Point is the name applied to the east- ern end of that magnificent beach which extends from the mouth of the Saco to the Scarboro' River. It is thus in reality but one portion of Old Orchard Beach, although this part is in the town of Scarboro'. It is bordered by a thick growth of pines, from which it takes its name. There are now sixty or seventy summer residences in the vicinity, and several hotels, chief of which are the Pine Point, the Sportsman, and the Meredith Houses. It is reached by the trains of the Western Division of the Boston and Maine Railroad. Two- Lights. 134 PORTLAND ASD VICINITY. ALONG FALMOXTTH FOBESIDE. One of the most attractive drives in the vicinity of the city is through Falmouth, along the shore of the bay. Passing through Washington street, with Munjoy's Hill on one hand and Back Cove on the other, (of which latter, and the opposite shore of Deering it gives a commanding view), and crossing Tukey's Bridge, which spans the entrance to the cove, we enter the village of East Deering. Turning to the right soon after crossing the bridge we drive through the principal street of the village, lined with neat dwelling houses, and presently come in sight of the United States Marine Hospital, situated on Martin's Point, at the mouih of the Presumpscot, — here a wide estuary, opening to the sea. The hospital is a finely pro- portioned edifice, built of brick, and stands on an elevated site, overlooking the city, the bay with its islands, and the open sea in the distance. It is a healthful and attract- ive spot, and the extensive grounds afford ample space for out-of-door recreation. Crossing Martin's Point Bridge, which spans the Presumpscot and commands a beautiful view of the bay, we climb the hill and enter the road which skirts the " Fore- side " of Falmouth. The spot we have now reached is one of the three points on which the earliest settlements were made within the territory of ancient Falmouth. While Winter was persuing his commercial speculations on the Spurwink, and Cleeve and Tucker were laying the foundations of a settlement on the Neck, Arthur Mackworth was making for himself a home on this point. With the island opposite, it afterwards bore his name; now corrupted, as applied to the island, into Mackay. Machworth was in possession here as early as 1632. He had a grant of five hundred acres from Sir Ferdinando Gorges, and was one of the most respectable of early settlers, serving as a magistrate for many years. The road here runs for miles along the shore, which has many picturesque features. The seaward view is in wide contrast to that from the Ocean Road on the Cape. There the broad Atlantic rolls in and breaks upon the shore; here the calm waters of Casco Bay, sheltered by the long line of outlying islands, smile in the sunshine, apparently as secure from the ocean's turbulence as an inland lake. Off the point lies Mackay's Island ; just beyond are the Two Brothers ; and still farther out. Clapboard Island, now unhappily denuded of its forest growth, lying low on the surface of the water, like a dismasted wreck. Turning down a road on the right we enter a projection of the coast, making out into the bay, on the shore of which Charles W. Goddard, Esq., has an elegant summer residence. Just across a little cove, on a narrow point of land, is Thornhurst Farm, the summer residence of Gejieral John M. Brown. This is a stock-farm, with spacious barns and out-buildings, the General being engaged in the breeding of fine stock. A number of years ago he found this point of land a rocky pasture, but has now made it a beautiful spot. Its natural attractions are very great, being an elevated neck of land between two pretty coves, the shore fringed with trees, and looking out upon the calm waters of the bay. On a reef a short distance from the shore the seals have their breed- ing-ground, being undisturbed in this quiet spot. This projection of the shore, on which are situated these two summer residences, is a point of historic interest. There is little now in its solitude and seclusion to remind one that it has been the site of a considerable settlement; the scene of peaceful con- ferences with the Indians; of their savage attack, and the stout defence of the white man. Yet this is New Casco, a settlement of much importance in the history of ancient Falmouth. After the peace of 1698 a fort was erected here in 1700. as a trading- post to accommodate the Indians, in pursuance of the lale treaty. The settlement on the Neck, where Portland now stands, then known as C":i-rii. h:ul lu.n destroved in POBTLAND AND VICINITY. 135 1690, and was now desolate. The settlement here was called New Casco, to distinguish it from the Neck, where Fort Loj'al had stood, which was then called Old Casco. In 1703, Governor Dudley held a conference with the Indians at the Fort here, to which came, well armed and gaily painted, the chiefs of the Norridgewock, Penobscot, Pen- acook, Ameriscoggin, and Pequakett tribes; those of the Ameriscoggin tribe were accompanied by about two hundred and fifty warriors in sixty-five canoes. The Indians professed the most peaceful intentions, and celebrated the occ.ision with singing, dancing, and loud acclamations of joy; yet within two months "the whole eastern country was in a conflagration, no house standing or garrison unattacked." The fort here at New Casco became the central point of defense for all the settle' ments upon Casco Bay, and the centre of the scattered population of Falmouth. In 1703 the fort was attacked by five hundred French and Indians, and was on the point of being captured, when it was relieved by the arrival of a province armed vessel, which shattered the enemy's navy of two hundred canoes, and compelled the Indians to make a hasty retreat. The fort was occupied through the war, which continued until 1713. It was demolished by- order of the Govern- ment of Massachusetts in 1716. Returning]to the main road,\a short distance beyond New Casco, we pass the head of Mill Creek, where a mill, established in 1740, was operated for a hun- dred and forty jears. Pause here and admire the beauty of the spot, where the cliff, clothed with evergreens, overhangs the still water of the pool. On the right, a little retired from the road, is the elegant and unique summer mansion owned by J. Hopkins Smith. Not far from the Creek is the pretty home and grounds of Mrs. John \V. Dana. The present village of New Casco forms one continuous street of comfortable residences, with several beautiful mansions, and there is besides a large hall for public purposes. A short distance from the village, on a road to the shore, is the famous Underwood Spring, which was so highly prized by the aborigines that they maintained a constant guard over it for many years. Continuing on we come to the dividing line between the towns of Falmouth and Cumberland. In this neighborhood are the fine residences of George Burnham and Almon A. Strout, Mr. Burnham's house being close to the road, while Mr. Strout's, near the shore, is conspicuous as we approach. Driving on, past old farm-houses, with their big, square chimneys, always keeping the bay and the islands in sight, we come to a rocky hill, from the summit of which Hospital. 136 POUTLAND AND VICINITY. may be obtained a magnificent view of the bay, lookingoff towards Cousin's Island and Broad Sound. It seems more like a Scotch lake than a part of the wide ocean. Inland the eye sweeps over a wide extent of cultivated country, presenting a beautiful land- scape. Looking seaward the whole extent of Casco bay lies spread out before you, and from here the Atlantic and the White mountains are also in view at the same time. At the foot of this elevation is the cottageof the Rev. Dr. Dalton, rector of St. Stephens', Portland. On its western slope is the handsome residence of Mr. R. O. Conant, of Portland, and his estate embraces the whole western slope of the hill. One may drive for miles farther along this shore, under the shade of old elms, and past many beautiful spots well suited for summer residences. TO EVERGBEEir CEMETERY AND PRIDE'S BRIDGE. Turning now from the seashore, let us drive inland, amid more rural scenes. We may take the horse-cars in Market Square for a trip to Evergreen Cemeterv, or drive out over the Deering road. Passing down Green street we come to Deering's Bridge, which spans the creek running up from Hack Cove, now partially filled in, forniinEf a driveway to the new Park, formerly known as Deerins's Oaks. On the right is the cove, with Munjoy forming the opposite shore. Kennebec street comes in here at the Portland end of the bridge, running along on the made-land on the shore of the cove. The improvements already made in the new park, which has come into the pos- session of the city through the generosityof the Deering heirs, have rendered it a very attractive spot, and it is now a favorite resort with all classes, as it has long been with Portland boys. It is covered with grand old oaks, affording charming walks. The shore of Back Cove, extending from this point around to Tukcy's Bridge, is capable o' great improvements. It was one time proposed to construct a dam at the bridge, with tide gates, allowing the flood tide to fill the cove; then construct a boulevard around the shore of the cove and l.iy out the inner side in building lots, the outer side to be PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 137 kept open to afford a view of the cove and the city beyond, but the demands of busi- ness have supplanted this project. The Back River now has a considerable commerce, several hundred vessels entering it during the year, through the drawer in Tukey's bridge, and no doubt when the improvements mentioned elsewhere, now being made by the United States engineers, are completed it will be available for these purposes to a much larger extent than at present. It is evident at a glance that its shores offer great opportunities for magnificent improvements, while the neighboring heights, commanding fine views, afford sites for elegant and imposing residences. Time and a denser population will produce great changes here, converting the solitary shore and unfragrant fiats into scenes of beauty. The Deeiing Mansion. After crossing tlie bridge we observe the road on the left which runs past the mansion of the late James Deering, Esq. Situated in a retired nook, in the midst of green fields and orchards, and surrounded with graceful elms, this old-time mansion has an air of quiet and repose, of mellowed old age and peaceful beauty, that charms every beholder. The old oaks that linger in these broad fields have witnessed the events of two hundred years, and could tell of the great fight in which Major Church whipped the Indians, and saved the little village from slaughter. The land is now im- proved as a hay-farm, with many barns scattered over its fields. In the month of June, when the grass is green and dotted with golden dandelions, and the elms are in the freshness of their foliage, these fields present a charming picture of rural beauty. Just beyond the Deering mansion, in a secluded corner of the city, which here meets the Deering line, are several fine residences, of which we select for illustration the picturesque cottage of J. S. Palmer, Esq. 138 PORTLAND AXD YICINITY. Continuing on the main road we pass through the little village at the "point," where is situated the extensive establishment of the Portland Stone Ware Company, lor the nianutacture of drain-pike, vases, and stoneware. The companv have a wharf on the shore of the cove, and ship their goods directlv from the manufactory. Driving on through the Deering lands, Iving unimproved on either hand, and dotted with old oaks and walnuts, which [every autumn attract the assaults of school- boys, eager to gather the crops of nuts and acorns, we come to the residence of Wm. W. Brown, Esq.. situated behind its grove of oak and maples, on the shore of the cove. This is an elegant and costly "-m^'ii \vm1i improved grounds, retired from the road. Adjoining this estate is that of J S. Ricker, Esq., with garden and orchard extend- ing to the shore of the cove. The mansion is finely situated in the midst of orna- mented grounds. Next we come to the residence of the late Cap- tain J. B. Coyle, the Nestor of steamboat navi- gation in our waters. This palatial mansion situated in the midst of exten- sive grounds, is now called " Oaklawn,'' owned by H. B. Mallett, of Free- port, and occu- .. pied by L. F. Dyer. The brick house, under the elms, on the opposite side of the road, is the resi- dence of the late II. Q^ Wheeler, Esq. On the suinmit of the commanding elevation beyond is the home of John M. Adams, Esq., editor of the Eastern Argus. Next to Oaklawn are the extensive grounds of Warren Sparrow, Esq., on which he has a neM cottage residence. The village is entirely surrounded by railroad tracks, the Maine Central running on one side, and the Portland and Rochester on the other, and both crossing the main street, while the track of the horse-cars run through it. The " Corner" itself, being cut up in this way, and built without much regard to regularity, does not present a very attractive appearance, but there are man3' very pleasant locations on the streets leading otT from it on cither hand. On Spring street, which runs up the higher land, on the lefi, is a very handsome Congregational church, with a bell in the lower pre- PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 139 sented b^ the Misses Deering, for whose family the new town was natned when it was set off from Westbrook a few years since. On Ocean street, which turns off around the cove on the right, is a well-proportioned and substantial brick school-house, of two stories, in which are maintained graded schools. Woodford's corner is the most rapidly growing suburb of Portland. Since the fire of '66 many new streets have been laid out up the high land, on the one hand, and down the slope towards the cove, on the other, and have-been extensively built upon. The population has largely increased, and the ready access to the city furnished by the horse railroad, and the pleasant " lay of the land," commanding fine views of the city and the bay, must continue to attract here a desirable class of residents. Following Ocean street, along a road lined with elms, and where, throutjh the sweeping away of roadside fences, the cultivated tiilds hordfr close upon the sidewalk, we come to the residence of the late Dr. S. H. Tewksbury. The view from this point, . — of the city, rising on the peninsula across the cove, with its church- spires and the dome of City Hiill — is one of great beauty. This road has many attractions as a quiet drive amid rural scenes, with the city always in full view. One may drive on, past Graves's Hill, from the top of which a more extended prospect presents itself to the eye, and return to Port- land over^Tukey's Bridge. Continuing on our way through Woodford's Corner, we pass the station of the Maine Central Railroad, where passengers may leave the train and enter the city bv the horse-cars, thus saving the long distance down town from the station in the city. Many also prefer to take the trains going eastward here, coming out on the horse-cars froiTi the city. Following the track of the horse-railroad we turn into Pleasant street, near the Maine Central Station. Pleasant street is a handsome avenue, half a mile in length, lined with gardens and a number of fine residences. At its head, a little to the left, is the Presumpscot Trotting Park. Here is an excellent half-mile track, with extensive grounds, enclosed by a high fence. All the appointments of the park, as a race-track, are first-class. There are covered seats for spectators, with a restaurant at hand, and extensive accommodations for horses. Trotting matches take place here in the season. . of Joseph S. 140 PORTLAXD AND VlCiyiTY. drawing large crowds of spectators from the city. The Maine State Agricultural Fair was also held here for a term of three vears from 1S75, and there are within the grounds every accommodation for watering and sheltering slock, and also a large two-story building for the display of agricultural implements. At the head of Pleasant street is the village of Deering Centre, and here stands the handsome building'of the Deering High School, and the Grammar School. Persuing our way to Evergreen Cemetery, we turn to the right, at the head of Pleasant street, and drive along the road over Stevens' Plains. It extends for a mile or more over a level, sandy surface, lined in part by umbrageous elms and maples, beneath which nestle the old- time mansions, mingled with more pretentious residences. Among the more noticeable dwel- lings here are the twin houses of Messrs. Grenville M. and Frank G. Stevens, and the residence of Ru- fus Dunham, Esq. (In the right is a tract of wood- land, nearly lialf a mile square, in t.he centre of which the late F. O. J. Smith has his "Forest Home." The mansion lies se- cluded from the road,inthis shady English-park-like estate, now the ]>ro|Hriy <>l' James P. Baxter, Esq. A portion of the northern part of the estate now belongs to the Roman Catholics, who have here a wooden chapel and two large brick buildings called St. Joseph's Home for .\ged and Convalescent Women. This brings us to the entrance of Evergreen Cemetery, situated about two and a half miles from the city. As long ago as 1851 it was felt that the city Itad outgrown the two narrow graveyards within its limits, and the modern taste for ornament, beauty, and refinement in the last resting-place of the dead demanded a larger and more secluded cemetery. Accordingly in 1S52, largely through the instrumentality of our fellow citizen, S. B. Beckett, who selected this beautiful spot, a tract of fifty-five acres covered with a various growth, but chiefly evergreen, and of sufficient diversity of sur- face, was purchased by the city and laid out under the appropriate name of Evergreen Cemetery. By subseipient purchases of surrounding territory it now comprises con- siderable more than three hundred acres. A considerable portion of the more recent POKTLAXD AND VICINITY. 141 purchases is still unimproved. Lots of about fifteen by fifteen feet in the older portion of the ground are sold to citizens at twenty dollars each, while similar lots in the new ground are held at one hundred dollars each, including perpetual care. The cemetery is in charge of a commission of three trustees, with a resident superintendent. The latter ofiice has for some time been filled by Mr. Frank M. Floyd, to whose good taste many of the improvements are due. Since 1S69 the income and expenditures have been nearly $10,000 per year, upon an average. The entrance is through an avenue bordered with shade trees and arbor vitae hedges. On the right, as you enter the t;rounds, is the large receiving-tomb, a turf- covered mound, with gra n ite front. In the same direction, farther on, is lit. tie Westbrook Cemetery, — the boundary marked only by v i n e-co vered iron arches. Just beyond this en- closure, near the boundery-line of the cemetery, is the most costh and elegant monument in the grounds, that of the late San.- uel Rumery; it is of Italian marble, and is designed with great artistic taste and execu- ted with much skill. Not far from this point, in a westerly direction, is the monument of the historian of Portland, the late Hon. William Willis; and still farther on in the same general direction, down the slope, lies the remains of the Hon. William Pitt Fessenden. The rapid descent of the land, at a point a little beyond this, affords opportunity for a line of tombs with massive granite fronts, the tops of which, on a level with the upper walks, are grass-covered plots. During recent years very handsome and costly granite and marble monuments have been erected here for Charles E. Dole, Samuel Wildes, Jr., Samuel Spring, and others. It is estimated that about 4000 interments has been made here since iSSi. The Portland and Deering street cars run directly to and from Evergreen Cemetery. Below the tombs, some distance down the slope, are the ponds, bordered with seats, spanned with rustic bridges, the shore adorned with rustic arches and arbors. On the surface of the ponds float swans and ducks, the feeding of which is a deligh' to children. POBTLASD AXD VK IMTY On the left of the entrance is Evergreen Circle, a ring of lots neatly laid out, with a circular enclosure in the center. The prevailing style of enclosure is simply a granite base, with turf-covered mound. There are many elegant monuments in the grounds, and corner-lots are devoted to flowers and shrubbery. Some of the walks wander beneath dark shadows of evergreens into secluded spots, where the thought- ful mind may muse on the transitory nature of earthly life: anH oiher>^ I'e out in the broad sunshine, where may be seen the distant mountains pointing like faith to the skies. One may wonder long through these by-paths, attracted by the decorations and the flowers which aflection has lavished on the dead, as well as by the shurbbery, and the noble old trees lifting their heads high up into the blue air, and aflbrding homes to the song-birds which build among their branches — a life soaring above death. The beauty of these grounds, where the harmonies of art are blended with the wildness of danger, sheds the radiance of a heavenly light upon the gloom of death. Thousands come here — particularly on Sund.ays — for a quiet walk among the blended beauties of nature and art, where all the associations are conducive to meditative thought. In addition to Evergreen Cemetery Portland has four other burying grounds. Of Eastern Cemetery, the oldest of all, we have already given some account. Western Cemetery lying on the slope of Bramhall's Hill, within the limits of the city, com- prises about fifteen acres, and was laid out in iS;i). One of the most conspicuous VLi,rt' ) ^Ti ■" 1 >-,MU a"^-*.'^ c "^tJX views in Evergreen Cemetery. 144 POliTLAND AND VICINITT. monuments here is that to Chief Justice Prentiss Mellen, erected in 1850 bv the Bar of the State. In 1S58 sixty acres were purchased in Cape Elizabeth, near Vaughan's Bridge, about a mile nnd a half from the centre of the city, and laid out as " Forest City Cemetery." It affords cheaper accommodations for the dead than Evergreen Cemetery. " Mount Cavalry Cemetery," comprising six acres, in a secluded spot in Cape Elizabeth, about two miles from the centre of the city, is the last resting-place of the Catholics. It has a neat chapel, and, was consecrated by Bishop Bacon to the burial of persons belonging to his communion. The villa?e of Stevens' Plains, with its broad, level streets, and sidewalks shaded with umbrageous maples and elms, has a quiet and rural beauty. Its chief ornament is the Universalis!, Cluirch, a very tasteful structure built in 1867, at a cost of about $14,000. The front elevation is in the Gothic style, with a lower at the cor- ner surmounted by a spire rising to a height of one hundred and ten feet. The audi- torum is forty- five by seventy- five feet, con- taining eighty pews, in chestnut, trimmed with black walnut. The ceiling is open, and handsomelv frescoed in blue and gold. The windows are of stained glass, admitting "a dim relig- ious light," and a gallery over the entrance affords accommodation for the choir. The general effect is exceedingly neat and tasteful. The church stands at the entrance to the grounds of Westbrook Seminarv. This institution, incorporated in 1S31, was the first seminarv of learning established in New England under the patronage of the Universalist denomination. The seminarv build- ing was erected in 1834, at a cost of $7,000. The first term commenced June 9, .834, with the Rev. Samuel Brimblecom, principal, and the Rev. Alvin Dinsmore. assistant. I he institution has since been under the charge of a number of able teachers, and in- cludes among its graduates many who are doing good service in the various walks of life. To meet the need of boarding-houses Goddard Mall, for gentlemen, was built in 1859, nnd Hersey Hall, for ladies, in 1869. These are large brick edifices, connected by a dining-hall, and take their names from generous beneficiaries of the institution. In 1S63, by Charter amendment, a Collegiate Department was established for La- dies, and authority was given to confer degrees upon those who complete prescribed courses of study. The institution is now known as the Westbrook Seminarv and Fe- 146 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. male College. The Rev. James P. Weston, d. d. formerly principal, from 1853 to 1S59, has been president of the Seminary and College since 1878. It provides two courses in the Collegiate Department, and confers the degree of Laureate of Arts upon ;ill young ladies who successfully pass examination in a classical course, and Laureate of Science in the scientific course. In the Academic Department diplomas are granted in two courses, English and College Preparatory. The institution has extensive grounds, handsomely laid out, and all the surround- ings are conducive to studious habits and good deportment on the part of the pupils. Thorough repairs and important changes have recently been made in both halls, Sabago Water introduced, and modern improvements added. Steam heat is used in rooms and halls, and the boarding accommodations are ample and excellent. The school year begins in Sept., annually, and closes in June with graduating exercises. Passing on through the village, and turning to the left at Morrill's Corner, the end of the horse-car line from Portland, a drive of a mile or two brings us to Pride's Bridge, on the Presumpscot. The river is here spanned by a neat iron bridge, from the middle of which may be obtained a view of the Presumpscot, which, for quiet beauty, is rarely surpassed. The placid stream glides smoothly between green banks bordered by graceful elms, which are reflected in its mirror-like surface. Passing from the bridge by the road leading along on the right by Duck Pond, we mount a steep ascent, and in time reach the top of Blackstrap Hill, the highest land in the immediate vicinity of Portland. This elevation, which is in West Falmouth, is now coming into vogue as a place for tourists to visit. It is one of the most favored spots in New England. Steps have been taken for laying out cottage lots and fitting up rooms for summer boarders to occupy early next season, which is all that is needed to crowd this lovely spot with summer visitors. The old monument on the hill here, is a conspicuous object from the islands, and is said to be the first landmark seen from approaching vessels. If instead of taking the right hand road we turn into the low road on the left, we may enjoy a very pleasant drive along a secluded road which borders the river. At a point on the road near Cumberland Mills there was, a few years ago, an extensive land- sink — several acres of high land subsiding into the clayey foundation which was forced out into the bed of the river, changing its course. This sink is a natural phenomenon well worthv the inspection of the curious as well as the geologist. At Cumberland Mills is a prosperous village, built up by the paper mill, which improves the water-power there. The return to the city may be made by the Saccarappa road, thus completing a wide circuit. Old Orchard Beach. The most important sea-side resort in the vicinity of Portland, and one of the most famous summer watering-places in the country, is Old Orchard Beach. It is eleven and three-fourths miles south from Portland on the Western Division of the Boston and Maine Railroad, and between the two places the road runs through a semi-aqueous region, crossing marsh, river, and creek. For several miles before the station is reached the road skirts the sea-shore, aftbrding views of Scarboro', Pine Point, Prout's Neck, and Stratton Island. Old Orchard Station, and the hotels and residences in its imme- diate vicinity, are near the centre of the famous beach, the houses being located along the shore and immediately back from it. This famous beach, one of the finest in the world, and now one of the most fre- quented watering places in New England, is nine miles long from Pine Point to the Saco River. It is evenly inclined and perfectly safe, there being no deceptive holes or rocks. Even at high tide there is ample room for two carriages abreast, and at low tide it is one of the widest and grandest driving and promenade avenues to be found any- where, being from five hundred to six hundred feet in width. It lies in a deep' inden- tation of the shore, forming nearly a semi-circle. On the right, Fletcher's Neck makes one arm, extending far out into the sea, at the mouth of the Saco, dotted with the white buildings of" the pool " at its extremity. On the left, the other arm of the semi-circle is formed by Proufs Neck, sweeping out into the sea, with Stratton's Island off against it. Between these two encircling points sweeps the grand beach, smooth as a floor, hard almost as a pavement, with the waves breaking along its whole extent in never- ceasing foam and roar. The beach is the shore of Saco Bay, which, from Prout's to Fletcher's Neck, is five miles across, and about three miles deep, and the curve of the beach is almost a semi-circle. Seated directly on the beach, and protected from the surges in storms by low sea- walls, built of wood in most cases, are many hotels, boarding-houses, and residences, with public or private bathing establishments attached. These houses are between the beach and a street which runs parallel to it, the railroad skirting this street for several miles. From the doors of some of these hotels one can almost step into the sea when the tide is up. On the heights back from the shore several large hotels, a number of smaller ones and many private boarding-houses are situated among the fine groves which cover all the country in the vicinity. About half a mile from the beach with a separate railroad are the grounds of the Methodist Camp-Meeting Association where meetings are held almost continually 148 POBTLAND AND VICINITY. during the season. These grounds are situated in the midst of an evergreen grove, where a natural hollow forms a noble amphitheater, capable of seating seven thou-and persons. Here seats are placed beneath the trees, with a grand stand for the preachers, which commands the whole ground. Around this amphitheater a " camp-meeting city" has grown up, laid out in avenues lined with neat little cottages. There is abundance of fresh water on the grounds, and the place is the most extensive and pop- ular camp-meeting ground in the countrv. The National Camp-Meeting and the National Temperance Camp-Meeting are held here in the month of August; and also, at a later season, theMethodist District Camp-Meeting. The camp-meeting association was organized in 1873. A fine Methodist Church now stands near the upper entrance to the grounds. A horse-car railroad was put in operation from Old Orchard to Saco and Biddeford in June, 18SS, and affords access to the camp ground and the various localities back from the beach. The cars start from the railroad station, proceed directly up the hill, then turn to the left past the Old Orchard House, with the Ocean House on the right. Just beyond, on the right, we pass the town High School building and the Kpiscopal chapel, St. John's by the Sea. The Revere House next looms up, on a high elevation, and near by are the remains of the Central Park Tower which has been made into a pretty cottage. The cars now pass the entrance to the camp ground, and proceeding onward turn a sharp angle to the right, pass along the upper side of the grounds and the Methodist Church there situated. In this neighborhood are manv cottages on all sides of the camp grounds, and the land is covered with fine groves of trees. Special localities have been given destinctive names, among them being Cot- tage Grove Park, a cluster of pretty summer residences among the trees ; Fern Park, a forest of hard wood and evergreen trees, made into a park in 1864, covering a large area contiguous to Cottage Grove ; and Central Park on the southeast side of the Old Orchard road before the campground is reached. This entire tract is called the Highlands from its elevation, and commands extensive view of the beach, the sea, Ocean Park, Ba-, View, and the surrounding country for miles. Beyond the camp ground the horse-cars run through a beautiful country, the road on either side being lined with groves of hard woods and evergreen. After riding for two miles or more the spires and buildings of Saco and Biddeford come in sight, mak- ing a beautiful picture. The road then runs through the shady streets of Saco, across the river into the business streets of Biddeford, making altogether a charming ride of between five ftnd six miles from Old Orchard that will more than repay any visitor to take. The Orchard Beach Railroad runs trains with open cars, from the Boston and Maine station, along the beach, to the Saco River, a distance of several miles, com- manding fine views of the ocean and of the surf breaking on the beach. The portion of the beach beyond Old Orchard has always been known locally as Ferry Beach. The first station is Ocean Park, the Free Baptist camp ground. The section from the beach to the Boston and Maine Railroad at the end of the grove, is being thicklv filled in with cottages. A large Temple has been built for the meetings, and three hotels furn- ish ample accommodations — Ocean Park House, opposite the station. Billow House, on the beach, and Granite State House, between the station and the Temple. A short distance beyond Ocean Park, the railroad crosses Goose Fair Brook, which is the dividing line between Old Orchard and Ferry Beach. The next station is the Bay View House, a large hotel, the summer home of Rev. M. J. Savage and Har- riet Beecher Stowe. There are also many elegant cottages in the neighborhood. We next stop at Ferry Beach Park, which has been fitted up by the Boston and Maine Rail- road into walks, rustic seats, and pavilions for amusements, making one of the most PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 149 delightful and comfortable picnic groves in the state. The Ferrv Park House, Mr. Thomas B. Hough, proprietor, is situated near by. Just beyond Ferry Beach Park is Camp Ellis, the terminus of the road at the mouth of the Saco River, where the trains connect with steamer Samuel E. Spring which conveys passengers across the river to Biddeford Pool, where are two summer hotels, the Mansion and Seaview Houses. This trip forms a delightful excursion. It can be varied by making the trip to Saco by the Boston and Maine Railroad, then down the Saco River to Biddeford Pool and Camp Ellis, and return to Old Orchard by the railroad. The history of Old Orchard as a summer resort dates from about 1S37, when boarders were entertained at the farm-house of Mr. E. C. Staples. The fame of the resort spread from that time, and the annually increasing crowds of visitors caused one hotel after another to be built, until the place attained its present dimensions. It has long been a custom with the people living in the vicinity to visit the beach on the 26th of June, for the purpose of bathing in the sea, which is supposed to possess special healing qualities on that particular day. The country people comedown to the shore in wagons and buggies and carryalls, — fathers, mothers, boys, girls, and babies, young folks, old folks, lovers, and young married couples, — all intent on enjoying the healing influence of the water. On these occasions the place presents a lively spectacle. Old Orchard was separated from Saco, February 20, 1883, and organized into a separate township. The first town meeting was held March 8, 1SS3. Since then, the streets have been improved and lighted, a fire department has been secured, and good schools and other necessities of an organized community introduced. Old Orchard is abundantly supplied with hotels. The largest is the Old Orchard House. It stands on a high knoll, and has a sea frontage of three hundred feet, with an L one hundred feet deep, and is four and five stories high, finished throughout with modern improvements. Another large house is the Hotel Fiske, which is right on the edge of the beach, and has room for 300 guests. Other large hotels are the Sea Shore House, the Lawrence House, the Montreal House, and the Hotel Belmont. Facing south on the Atlantic Ocean, and east on Old Orchard ave- nue, is the Sea Shore House, a fine, large hotel, the most centrally located at Old Orchard Beach. It is one of the best appointed houses on the Maine coast, having accommodations for 300 guests, and is fitted up with modern conveniences in the best style. A supply of pure water is constantly obtained from the famous Indian Spring. For those who are too deli- cate for surf bathing hot salt water baths are provided in the house, and there are also convenient and commodious dressing-rooms for surf bathers under the direct management of the hotel. The table, as in past seasons, is supplied with the best the market aflbrds. A good orchestra, Professor Grimmer's is constantly engaged. There is an excellent livery and boarding stable in connection with the house, the drainage and sanitary arrangements are perfect, and in all respects the house is first- class. The proprietor, Mr. F. G. Staples, gives his personal attention to all details. 150 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. thereby assuring the guests of the very best care. The house has a very large dining- room, capable of seating 250 guests, and its walls are finely decorated. The Hotel Belmont, Old Orchard Beach, has been much improved this present season, now has accommodations for 150 guests, and is inferior to no hotel in conveni- ence and comfort. In the past this house has had an excellent reputation, and with these improvements it will no doubt even surpass its former record. The house is sup. plied with pure spring water by the Old Orchard Aqueduct Company, and the drainage and sanitary arrangements are perfect. The location is unrivalled, as the house is seated directly on the sea wall, and as wide hallw.iys run completely through it, draughts of cool sea air sweep its corridor even on the warmest days. This feature, in connection with others, insures perfect ventilation. The sleeping apartments are large, airy, and well lighted, and from every room a wide expanse of sea and land is visible. Broad piazzas encircle the house, affording a delightful promenade, and at night they are illuminated by electric lights. The house is provided with gas, speaking tube, electric bells, and all modern improvements. A fine music room is on the first Hoor. The cuisine is unexcelled, and the whole house is under the care of Mr. George F. Holbrook, who will see that it maintains the excellent reputation it has won. The hotel will not close until October ist. Commanding a fine view of the grand beach, one of the very best hotels at Old Orchard is the " Lawrence," situated on the sea wall. It is quite a distance removed from any other house, and is surrounded by spacious lawns. Here the summer sojourner can enjoy all the comforts and conveniences of a well-appointed home, combined with the advantages of a first-class hotel. The house is supplied throughout with clear spring water in abundance. The sanitary arrangements have been attended to in all their details, and are as perfect as modern appliances can render them. Many improve- ments have been made the present season, and no expense has been spared to fit the house in such a manner as to contribute to the comfort and enjoyment of guests. In everv respect the cuisine is first-class, and great care is exercised to provide for the table the best in the market. The opportunities for bathing, for fishing, for driving, or for any other sea-shore amusement, are excellent, as every one knows, at Old Orchard, and at the Lawrence every facility and assistance is given guests in securing and indulging in whatever recreation their taste may desire. It is the aim of the proprietor, Mr. John H. Home, to make this well-appointed and convenient house a popular place of resort for those who desire the comfort of a well-regulated home; and the annual return of its guests testify to the fact that in these particulars, success has crowned his efforts. The house has accominodations for one hundred guests, and the terms are reasonable, $12 to $20 per week, according to location of the rooms. The Montreal House, Old Orchard Beach, has been newly fitted up this season, and an addition extending toward the water has been constructed, thus more than doubling the capacity of the hotel, and rendering it a first-class house in every respect. It is seated on the sea-wall, and most of the rooms command a view of the beach for nearly its whole length of ten miles. From the windows can also be seen Wood's Island, with its lighthouse, the Pool, Front's Neck, and the luany islands that dot Saco Bay. A broad piazza encircles the house on every side. Invalids find the house most admir. ably located for the enjoyment of the refreshing and cool sea breezes. The facilities here for surf-bathing are the best on the beach, and are perfectly safe for children. For comfort, convenience, and everything that goes to make a sea-shore hotel enjoyable, the Montreal House is excellent, as every detail is under the especial care of the hostess, Mrs. A. B. Blanchard. ^-J^ ^^^*^ ^..'-^^S^^^Ef ^^BIM ^l^/^'^^l ^PJ tev^.^^ The Railroads of Portland. Portland has a railroad system unsurpassed by any city in the country. The situation and physical conformation of the locality are very favorable, and they have been utilized to such an extent that the railroads coinpletely encircle the peninsula on which the city is built. The facilities for the handling of freight for its transfer between the various roads, and for its shipment by water are excellent, and are continually being improved. THE BOSTON AND MAINE. The chief railroad centering in Portland is the Boston and Maine, which is now the most extensive system in New England. Between Portland and Boston it operates two lines, called respectively the Eastern and Western Divisions. The former, runs through the shore towns of Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts, and gives access to York Harbor, the grand beaches of Hampton and Rye, and the famous Isles of Shoals, the latter of which can be reached from Portland in an afternoon's ride to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and an hour's sail by steamer from that city ; the old cities of Newburyport, and Salem, and the enterprising city of Lynn, are on this line, the resorts on Cape Ann are reached by its branches, and Swampscott and the beaches immediately north of Boston are all either along its route or easily reached by its connections. The Western Division runs nearer the shore than the Eastern for about thirty miles out of Portland and passes through Scarboro', Pine Point, Old Orchard Beach, Biddeford, Saco, Kennebunk, and connects with branch for Ken- nebunkport. This route also gives access to the White Mountains and the lakes through its connections. TO MONTREAL,, THE WEST, AND THE WHITE MOUNTAINS BY THE PORTLAND AND OODENSBURG RAILROAD. If you want to reach the White Mountains or to go through direct from Portland to Montreal, Qiiebec or Niagara Falls, the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad is the route to take, and it also makes connections for Chicago and all western points, being thus the means of communication between the West and the resorts on the Maine coast. Parlor cars are attached on the morning trains leaving Portland and Old Orchard for the White Mountains and Montreal, and sleeping cars on the trains leaving in the evening for the same points. This is the only route that makes a close and direct con" nection with the Mount Washington Railroad, which, although an independent line, is in efl'ect a branch of this road. It is also the most direct route to Bethlehem, the Profile House, and other White Mountain resorts. PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 153 A ride of four hours from Portland will carry the traveler to the famous Notch of the White Mountains, through some of the most sublime scenery in the country. This railroad is peculiarly a Portland enterprise, and designed to open a new and shorter route to the great West, which result will undoubtedly now be realized since the road was leased to the -Maine Central, by vote of the citizens of Portland, Angust 2, 1888. It extends from Portland by way of Sebago Lake and the valley of the Saco River, through the Notch of the White Mountains, thence via St. Johnsbury, Ver- mont, through the Lamoille and Missisquoi Valleys to the foot of Lake Champlain. It was a bold project to push a railway through the narrow gateway of the White Mountains, but under the energetic management of General Samuel J. Anderson, President of the company, and the engineering skill of John F. Anderson, Esq., Chief Engineer, it has been successfully accomplished, and the enterprise has opened up one of the most attractive pleasure-routes in the country. Indeed we know of no other railroad, of similar length, which commands such romantic and beautiful views. The White Mountains, with all their stupendous scenery, are brought within a day's excur- sion of Portland, so that parties leaving in the morning can visit the Notch and arrive home at an early hour in the evening. From Portland to Sebago Lake, a distance of about seventeen miles, the road runs through the fine farming towns of Deering, Westbrook, Windham, Gorham, and Standish, and there is no other railroad running out of the city which in the same distance passes through so much beautiful scenery. Orchards, green fields, and patches of forest diversify the landscape, which stretches away with undulating sur- face, everywhere showing signs of fertility and cultivation. The falls on the Pre- sumpscot add an interesting feature to [he scene ; and in Windham a glimpse is caught of the old brown farm-house in which Governor John A. Andrew was born. Sebago Lake is a fine sheet of water, fourteen miles in length by eight in width. The road skirts the shore, and at the station a steamer is in readiness to take passen- gers across the lake and through the tortuous winding of Bongo River, — a charming sail, — into the lock, and up the Bay of Naples into Long Pond, where the steamer lands at the thriving village of Bridgton, whence a ride of eight miles takes one to the summit of Pleasant Mountain, a sightly elevation commanding wide views of the moun- tains and the sea. In the pleasure season one may go as far as Bridgton or Harrison, take dinner at one of the hotels and return to Portland the same day. This is one of the most charming short pleasure-routes in New England. Continuing on the rail from Sebago Lake we soon strike across to Saco River, and ride up the valley to Hiram, where the Great Falls of the Saco, seen from the cars, present a grand spectacle; thence through Fryeburg, a beautiful village, famous for the battle with the Indians on the shores of Lovewell's Pond, and which attracts many summer visitors ; on again, to North Conway, with its lovely intervales and magnificent views of the White Mountains; through upper Bartlett, a beautiful basin amid the hills ; and so into the Notch, where the valley narrows to a gorge, and the road climbs the mountain side far above the river, now dwindled to a brook. The nine miles from Bemis Station to the Crawford House in the Notch present a panorama of mountain scenery of unequalled grandeur. The valley of the Saco here narrows into a rounded trough, one side of which is formed by the long wall of Mount Willey, and the other by the corresponding wall of Mount Webster. Far up on the side of Mount Willey a shelf has been cut, and along this the road climbs at a grade of one hundred and sixteen feet to the mile. One is astonished to see how easily the ascent is overcome. But two buttresses block the way — Frankenstein Cliff and Mount Willard. They seem to stand out defiantly, forbidding farther approach, but the train, 154 POliTLANl) ASl) VICiyiTY. glides around them, through deep rock cuts, and entering the gateway of the Notch, reaches the level table-land where the waters divide. The ride along this narrow shelf is a novel experience in railway travel. Far above rises the steep, bare wall of Mount Willey, ever threatening to send down earth and rocks to block the way. Crossing the track of the grand slide of fearful memory, which overwhelmed the Willey family, you think of what might happen again. Here and there the steep mountain wall is gashed by the beds of tumbling brooks, which seem for a passing moment to open a glimpse into the heart of the mountain. Looking out on the other side of the cars they seem to overhang the deep, wooded valley, far down beneath the foliage of which the Saco speeds on its course, and the old stage-road climbs upward to the gateway of the Notch. You catch glimpses of the Willey House and of the huts of the railway laborers far below. But the grand feature of this outward view is the stupendous wall of Mount Webster rising just across the narrow valley and hemming it in with its apparently inaccessable heights. This long bare wall, so seamed and gashed, so dark and frowning, so huge in its bulk, so massive and immovable, is the tremendous feature of the scene. Its long sky-line points to nothing and makes one wonder what lies beyond. It seems to cut you off from an upper and inaccessible world. The view of Frankenstein Cliff, especially in the autumn, when the mountain slopes ure clothed in all the brilliant hues of the ripened foliage, is not less grand, and has more of beautv than the stern wall of Mount Webster. This is only to be seen to advantage as you go down the valley, from the rear platform of the train. As the cars cross the iron bridge, which spans a fearful gorge, the cliff looms up above the observer with awful front. The eye falls first upon the forestgrowth about its base, which in the autumn glows with color like a bank of roses. Above this beautiful mass of color, and in strong contrast to it, rises the sheer precipice, a perpendicular wall of dark rock, fur- rowed and grim, Avith a crown of illuminated trees upon its head. But as the train moves on, and the cliff recedes, you see another wall, above and beyond the first, also fringed along its summit with brilliant hues. Thus the cliff grows in magnitude and grandeur as you recede from it, until at last a turn in the road shuts it from your view. But here comes in another grand feature of this mountain scenery. The summit of Mount Washington is now seen, covered with snow, a great white dome rising clear against the blue sky. Cries of wonder and delight greet its appearance, and this spectacle is alternately hidden and revealed, until the train reaches Glen Station, where you bid adieu to its grandeur and settle down quietly for the homeward ride. The distance from Portland to the Crawford House is eighty-seven miles, and to Fabyans ninety-one miles. TO THE INTERIOR OF THE STATE BY THE MAINE CENTRAL. This combination of railroads commands all parts of Maine, the I'ortland and Kennebec line running through Brunswick (the seat of Bowdoin College) to Augusta, the capital of the State, and the upper towns on the Kennebec as far as Skowhegan; the Penobscott line extending through Lewiston, one of the le.iding manufacturing cities of Maine, and Waterville to Bangor, and from there the system continues, embracing what was formerly the Kuropcan and North American Railroad, but now an integral part of the Maine Central, until Vanccboro is reached, where connections are made with the New Brunswick Railway for St. John and Halifax, N. S. At Bangor connection is made with the Bangor and Piscataquis Railroad, which gives approach to the woods of Northern Maine. By this railroad system and its connections, the whole interior of the State of Maine is opened up to the tourist, and access given to PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 155 famous resorts on the sea shore and among the lakes of our Northern forests. Maine is rich in grand scenery, in hunting and fishing resorts, as well as in breezy sea-side retreats, which are yearly attracting an increasing number of visitors. By way of Bath, you may reach the beautiful Boothbay Harbor, with its outlying resorts, Squir- rel, Mouse, and Capitol Islands, distant Monhegan and ancient Pemaquid. To Mount Desert, the popular watering place, which combines the attractions of mountains and sea shore, there is a new route, opened in 1S84, composed of a railroad from Bangor to Mt. Desert Ferry, and thence by steamer to Bar Harbor, a distance across of six or seven miles. By the " back route " from Portland you may reach Lake Maranacook, fifty-seven miles from Portland. This beautifu 1 sheet of water has been developed by the Maine Central into a delightful resort for excursion parties and aquatic sports. Five steamers ply on the lake this season, with a countless number of row and sail boats. From Bangor one may proceed by rail to Moosehead Lake, the great fishing resort of Maine, or by way of the European and North American Division, and connecting lines, to the great forest-land of Aroostook; or still again, if one desires to see the very end of " Down-East," he may proceed to the Maritime Provinces, and visit St. John, Halifax, and Prince Edward Island. At the beautiful village of Farmington, the terminus of the Farmington Branch which connects with the upper main line at Leeds junction, he may take the Sandy River Railroad for Phillips, and thence by stage to the far- famed Rangeley Lakes, a wonderful water-system in the heart of our Northern forests. To all these, and other attractive points, summer access is made easy by round trip excursion tickets, sold from June ist to September 30th, and good for a return passage until November ist. POBTIiAND AND ROCHESTER RAILROAD. The Portland and Rochester Railroad opens a new and direct route from Portland to New York, by way of Rochester to Nashua, N. H., connecting there with the line to Worcester, Mass., and thence direct to New York, saving many miles of travel between Portland and the great metropolis. This line is one of the most prominent and popular railroad enterprises with the business men of Portland, and affords many pleasant and favorable points for excursions along its route, which passes through the villages of Merrill's Corner, Saccarappa, and Gorhani ; crosses the Saco River, and runs through Waterboro' to Alfred, near which pleasant village is a Shaker settlement; thence to Rochester, N. H., where it connects with the Dover and Winnepesaukie Railroad, running to Alton Bay. Saccarappa and Cumberland Mills, twin villages of the town of Westbrook, located on the line of the Portland and Rochester Railroad, are among the most rapidly grow- ing and prosperous manufacturing villages of Maine; and the town of Westbrook, of which these villages are the business centre, in 1871 had a population of 2,790, which had increased to 3,987 in 1S80, and at present is estimated at 6,500, and Westbrook will probably be the next town in the State to apply for a city charter. At Cumberland Mills the leading business industry is the extensive paper mills of 8. D. Warren & Com- pany large manufacturers of magazine and book papers, who turn out about forty tons of paper daily, employing 700 to 750 hands, with a steadily increasing business. Saccarappa has the only silk factory in the State, the Haskell Silk Company, who make an excellent quality of block silks, and the place is noted for the great variety of its growing industries. Among the latest is the New England Furniture Company, who commenced business January i, 188S, with a saw mill to cut out their own stock. Foster & Brown, machmists, moved into extensive new quarters in December, and G. H. Ray- 156 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. mond has fitted up their old shop for making mouldings and house material, in addition to his foundry and wood shop. S. D. Warren & Company put in a large, solid stone, and erected a large mill building, which is leased to W. R. Dana i: Company, for making white and colored warps and grain bags, and here is located the electric light station for lighting the two villages. Springyale and Sanford, in Old York County, are flourishing yillages, on the line of this railroad. At Springvale, Messrs. Thomas Goodall & Sons have built up a great industry in making fine plush and mohair goods- S. B. Emery is a large furniture dealer, and W. A. Allen has built up an extensive printing establishment here; J. B. Clark has a large building for a steam saw mill and machine shop, and electric light station. Springvale is named from a spring of very pure water, having a large flow; its population is now 1,450, double that of eight ye. irs ago. Six miles below Sanford village there is an unimproved water power with a fall of sixty feet. East Rochester, the next large village west of Sanford and Springvale, is a flourish- ing place with a large water power, used by the Woolen Manufacturing Company, Fogg & \'inal, boot and shoe makers, A. Towle, carriage maker, A. W. Richards, steam saw and planing mill, and other thriving business enterprises. Rochester Village, a few miles west, is a growing business centre, noted for its great railway facilities, as railway lines run out from here in six different directions, which adds greatly to the present and prospective prosperity of the place. The present population of the town is nearly eight thousand and about one hundred new buildings were recently erected here. The Cocheco River runs through Rochester, and on its excellent and extensive water-power privileges man^' large and successful manufactories of various kinds are located and operated. THE GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. The Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, connects Portland with the principal towns and cities of Canada, and runs through the states of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, and through to the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, to Montreal, a dis- tance of 297 miles. It probably passes through as great a variety of scenery, as any railroad on the American Continent. Beginning on the picturesque coast of Maine, then passing through the grand vistas of the White Mountains, across rivers, through charming villages, wild forests, and along the shores of lakes, it emerges finally on the banks of the majestic St. Lawrence. In connection with the Chicago and Grand Trunk Railway it forms the only continuous line under one management from Portland to Chicago. It is a direct route to many of the most popular mountain and lake resorts including Poland Springs, Rangeley Lakes, Niagara Falls, and the beautiful Thousand Island. This road was built in 1S53, put Portland in communication with the vast grain-growing regions of the west, and opened a new route to the White Mountains, aflTording access to glens and gorges, which up to that time, had been but little visited. In Maine it runs through a number of pleasant villages, including North Yarmouth, New Gloucester, Mech.i-nic Falls, South Paris, and Bryant's pond, to Bethel, a place of great natural beauty, seated amid the hills, which attracts great numbers of summer boarders; thence through fine scenery, along the Androscoggin, to Gorham, N. II. The mountain is ascended in carriages over a well-constructed road. From the sum- mit one may descend by the railroad, on the other side, to Fabyan's; or, returning by the Glen House, may pass through the wild Pinkham Notch, amid the most stupen- dous mountain scenery, to Glen Station, on the Portland and Ogdensburg. Two express trains run each way daily from Portland to Montreal, with sleeping and parlor cars attached. This is undoubtedly the best route to reach the chief cities and towns of Ontario and Qiiebec. The Strangers' Guide. P0IMT3 OF INTEREST. Observatory. 138 Cimgress, Muujoy Hill. Kunir-ni rrinut-uutlr-, east end Couj^ress. WVsterii Pi-' Mueii -dp, west end city liriiiiili.Lll Hill west era jiortion or city. Muitju.s Hil". .-ItvatiouoverlookiuK the harbor and islaudrf. at eiist eurt city. Board of Trade Rooms. 26 Exchange. Cumberland RowiuK Association Building, Rail- road Wharf. Fish Exchange, l?2 Commercial. Dirieo Boat Club House. Merrill's Wharf. Merchants Exchange. 26 ExchauKe. Portland Yacht Olub House. Merchants Wharf. Portland Club, 58**?j Congress; Country Club House. Great Diamond Island. Maine Historical Society. City Buildin^r. Portland Society of Art. Art Building, entrance from 621 Congress, or 8 Deering. Portland Society of Natural History, 24 Elm. Custom House, lt)5 Commercial. Post Office, corner Middle and Exchange. Cumberland Club, corner Free and High. CHURCHES. First, 353 Congress. Free Street. 144 Free. Plymouth Free, tilb Congress. Free Baptist, Town House Corner, Cape Elizabeth. Catholic. Immaculate Conception, 190 Cumberland. St. Dominic's, 78 State. Conoregattonal. Second Pariah, 373 Congress. High Street, 117 High. State Street, 1&7 State. Newbury Street. Hi Newbury. Bethel, 2«3 Fore. Williston. 32 to 38 Thomas. Woodford's, in Deerins". LifcTonia. supplied by Dea. Abbott. Portland. First Congregational, Cape Elizabeth. Episcopal. St. Luke's Cathedral, i.^; State. St. Stephen's, 667 Conwress. St. Paul's, 281 Congress. Afethodist. Chest nut Street, 9 Chestnut. Pine Street. 9 Pine. Congress Street. 126 Congress. Cape Elizabeth Depot, Cape Elizabeth. Knightville..Cotta>re Road, Capo Elizabeth. Vaughan Street. 191 Vaughan. West End. Harrison Hall, 1101 CouBress, Woodford's, Pleasant, corner South Ferry Village, Hiyh, South Portland. Island Church, Peak's Island. Bowery Beach. Prcsbi/terian First Presbyterian, Williams Hall. 379>^ Congress. Swedenborffian, New Jerusalem, 175 High. Unitariaji. First Parish, 427 Congress. Ifniversalist. First TTuiversalist, 132 High, Other Denominations. Friends' Chapel, 81 Oak, near Prospect. Second Advent Church. Mechanic Hall, Cougresa. Church of Christ, Williston Chapel, 247 Danforth. Sjuritualists, 457,Ht Congress. HALLS. Arcana, 379M Congress. Army and Navy Union. 499M Congress. Art Building, rear 625 Congress. Carleton, Lafayette and Cumberland. City Hall, ^^l Congress. Congress, 42(i}*j Congress. County Commissioners Court, City Building. Cushman's, 4843^ Congress. Fraternity. 14 Free. Good Templers. 457V. Congress. Grand Army, n'ih^ Congress. Harmon, llul Congress. Kavanaugh, 3!.i5 Congress. Knights of Pythias. 49iiV; Congress. Maine Historical Society. City Building. Masonic, 85 Exchange. Mechanics, 519 Congress. Mercantile, 439 Cougi'ess. Motley. 607>^ Congress. Municipal Court, City Building, 31 Myrtle. Natural History Society, 24 Elm. Odd Fellows. 439 Congress. Probate Court, City Building. Rossini, 8U Exchange. Second Advent, 463>^ Congress. Sons of Teraperan'^e, 88i*i Exchange. Turuverein. 49;i>5 Congress. Union. 14b Free. , ,,- , ,, United States Court-i. corner Exchange and MnUlle. Young Mens' Christian Association, 439 Congress. WHARVES. Atlantic, foot of India. Berlin, from 3^4 Commercial. Berlin Mills, from 4U4 Commercial. Boston & Maine Railroad, from 348 Commercial. Brown's, from 322 Commercial. Burnham. from 66 Commercial. Central, from 192 Couunei cial. Commercial, from 152 Commercial. Custom House, from 96 C^ommercial. Deake. from 448 Commercial. Franklin, from 36 Commercial. Gait, from 18 Commercial. Gas Company's, foot of Clark- Grand Trunk. East Grand Trunk Freight Depot. Great Eastern, at Fish Point. Hobson, from 39u Commercial. Holyoke, from 418 Commercial. Long, from 174 Commercial. Merchants, from 310 Commercial. Merrill, from 254 Commercial, Portland Company's, adjoining works. Portland Pier, from 132 Commercial. Railroad, from 468 Commercial. Randall * Mc.Mlisler, from 76 Commercial. Richardson, from 278 Commercial. State Street, from 448 Commercial. Sturdivant, from 426 Commercial. 15S PORTLAND AND VICINITY. FIBE DEPAKTUEirT. Machitronne Steamer, No. 1, £57 Conf^ess. Portland Steamer, No. 2, 134 CouifreBS. Cuiiib.Tlaij.1 sl.-auiiT. No. 3, 178 Brackett. r:ilii;..iith St. iiuier. No. 1. 167 SprlUlf. Ilk and Ladder, No. 1, 99 India. M : 1 Ladder. No. 2. I:i3 Market. uhall H.-k and La.: Exchan(?e. I' ' 'i ! I'll -■ ' ' . 13 Market Square. . I7y Commercial. Frank) !■ r ! Oi.lt lijn, I War. I Harpswtli Nte;iiiih Independent Tow) „ Merchants' Marine Railway. i'WCommercial Mutual tlnion Teleirrapli Co., .S)M Fore New En;,-land Telephone and Teleg-raph Co., 24 Ex- ;hani.'e. Now Glouceater Packin*r Co., 31 V; Exchange. Nortli Turner Packinic Co.. Slhi Exehange. Otis Falls Pulp Co.. 390 Ccuiirross. Patron's Co-operative Corporation, 309 Commer- ;ial. People's Ferry Co.. Lonir Wharf. Poland Paper Co ,'24 Plum. Portland and Cape Elizabeth Ferry Co., Custom Souse Wharf. Portland Cement Pipe and Stove Co., 34 Plum. Portland Company, 68 Fore. Portland Pry t)oek 167 Commercial. Portland Gas Liirht Co., S.'i Exchange. Portland Lloyds. 42 Kxchanire Portland Mutual I'lshiug Insurance Co., 138 Com- mercial. Portland Net and Twine Co., 14 Lontr Wharf. Portland PublishiUK Co., i*7 ExchanKe. Portland Sate De|iusit Co., 37 Exchaoge. Portland UoUinif Mill, '24 Plum. Portland SmeltinK Works, 3)^', ConKTesa. Portland Star Match Co., 69 West Commercial. Portland Stove Foundry Co., Kennebec foot of Myrtle. Portland Street Sprinklinsf Co., 97 Cross. Portland 'I'lunt Co . r'i7 KxL-hauge. Portland Uiit.i c.i . :i:; Plum. Sebaifo \V 1 lioaril To., 3W Contcress. Sewall Kal.ty Csr IKiitiUK Co., 185 Middle. Unibagotf Pulp Co., 3'.*e ConKrese. Union Whart Co.. '2411 Commercial. AVestbrook ManufacturiuK Co., It) Central Wharf. Western Union Teletrrapu Co., '26 Exchange, 484 ConKresa. Wlnslow Packing Co., 31>ii Exchange. INSTITUTIONS- clatlon, No. 7, 47X J(fe. the Immaculate Conception, Portland Turnveroln, 483k, Cuugreas Portland Typographical Union, No. 86- Portland Wheel Club, Beaver Block, 496>< Congress. Portland Yacht Club, Merchants' Wharf. Cumberland County Medical Society 18S Middle- Maine Genealogical -Society. City Hiltldiug. Maine Historical Society. City Building. Portland Institute and public Library, City Build- UK ITED STATES OFFICES. Custom House, 312 Fore, 106 Commercial. Internal Kevenue, Custom House. Marine Ho8j)ital Service. Custom House, steamboat Inspectors, Custom House, .shippuig Commissioner, 39:i Fore. EnKineer Department, 637 Congress, room 14. Liglit House Establishment, Custom House. Signal Service. 57 Exchange. Life Saving Service. Custom House. Pension Examiner, 637 Congress, room 13. CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS. Associated Charities. City Bulldini--, Hooni 18. Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, No. 40, 154 Congress. Brotherhood of Locomotive Fireman, No. 4, Engi- neers' Hall. Citizen's Mutual Kclelf Soiuety, 26 Exchange- Commercial Travelers Association, 43 Myrtle. Diet Mission Fraternity Hooms, 14 Free. Female Orphan Asylum, 62 State. liosworth Post, G. A. R., No. 2. 665 Si Congress. Home for the Aged Men, 117 Danforth. Home for the Aged Women, 64 to 68 Emery. Maine Charitable Mechanics Association, Mechan- ics' Hall. Maine General Hospital, Arsenal. Maine State Reform School, Cape Elizabeth. Martha Washington Society, 47 St. Lawrence. Portland Army and Navy Union, Union Hall, 499X Congress. Portland Dispensary, 4«4XI Congress. Portland Female Provident Association. Portland Fraternity, 14 Free. Portland Longshoremen's Benevolent Society, S74 Fore. Portland Plasters' Union, 19i^ Market Square. Portland School for MeiUcal Instruction, 188 Middle. Portland Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Ani- mals. 31 Free. Portland Widows' Wood Society, City Building, 8 Mvrtle. Portland Young Men's Christian Association, Far- rington's Block. Scandinavian Society. 2.39 Federal. The Portland Seaman's Friend Society. The Provident Aid Socii'ty, 98 Exchange. Woman's Auxiliary to the Young Men's Christian Association. Woman's Christian .Association, Home, 'i6 Spring. STEAMSHIP AND STEAMBOAT COMPANIES. ('asco Bay Steamboat Company, Custom House Wharf. International Steamship Company, Kallroad Wharf. Maine Steamship Company. Franklin Wharf. I'ortland, Mt. Desert and Machlss Steamboat Com- pany. 493 Commercial. Portlantl Steam Packet Company. Franklin Wharf. Portland and Boolhbay Steamboat Company, Kranklin Wharf. RAILROADS. Boston /i Maine llallroad. Depot, 481 Commercial, and at Union station. Grand Trunk Railway. Depot, Commonial foot of India. Maine Central Railroad. Depot, Union Station. Portland & Ogdcnaburg llailroail. Depot, Union Station. Portland 4: Rochester Kallroad, Depot, foot of Pre- Portland Railroad (Street Railway.) F. 0. BAILEY & CO., PORTLAND, ME. Manufacturers and Dealers in Q>%% TQ>W, and other Styles of Tables and Sho^w^ Cases. AGENTS FOR Smith & Co., Cornhill, Boston. Union Desk Co., Boston. Hall's Safe and Lock Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Howe Scale Co., Rutland, Vermont. Henry Tooemner Fine Scales, Philadelphia, Pa. Star Coffee Mills, Philadelphia, Pa- We make a specialty of Office Furniture, Safes and Show Cases, and our prices on all goods in our line are Bottom. Seaa tP5 Descriptive Cafslpgue and !Price-I,ist, H orse m C arriage Mart, Nos. 30, 32 and 34 Plum St., PORTLAND, MAINK. THIS Mart was established in 1S73, and is now the largest and best equipped Carriage Repository in New England. The proprietors are Jobbers and Retail Dealers in all kinds of Carriages, Sleighs, Harnesses, Robes, Blankets and Outfits. They are Manufacturers' Agents, and control the sale of the best goods in the market in their line of trade, carrying the largest assortment of the best value in their stock. HOTEL LIST. OLD OB.CHAKD BEACH, ME. Old Orchard House, E. C. Staples; ace. 600. Ocean House, ace . 400. 300; $3 per day, $U 123; $3 toSS^ per BOOTHBAY, ME. . 60 ; $2 per day, Weymouth House, Miss Weymouth ; ace. 60 ; 81.60 per day, $8 per week. CUSHING'S ISLAND (PORTLAND HABBOB), ME. FORT POPHAM, ME. ham, aee. 73; $1 to $1.30 per day; $6 to $9 week. $1 to $1.60 per $1 to $1.50 per day, 86 Montreal House, Mrs. A. B. Blanchard; ace. 60, Revere House, L. A. Pitlshury; ace. 100; $2.60 per day $14 per week. Staples Cottage, M. F. Porter; ncc. 60; $7 to $19 per week. Central Park House, occ. 30; $1 to $1.30 per day. Llnwood House, Mrs. H. T. Lord: ace. SO; $2 per day, $10 per week. Western, M. A. J. Staples; ace. 36; $8 to $12 per week. Hotel Everett, J. M. Ryan; ace. 160; $2 to $3]>er day. $10 to $16 per week. Ingleside Cottai;e, O. W. Holman; >cc. 60; $1.60 per day, $7 to $10 per week. BIDDEFOBD POOL, ME. Mansion House, Mrs. Chris Hussey; ace. 30; $1 26 per day, $p per week. LITTLE CHEBEAGtTE ISLAND (PORTLAND HARBOR), ME. LONG ISLAND (PORTLAND HAR- BOR), ME. PEAK'S ISLAND (PORTLAND HARBOR), ME. Chapman House, Miss May Chapman; ace. 100; $3 to $2.60 per day, $1U to $16 i>er week. ace. 73; $1.60 to $3 Central Cottage, S. SklllinK's; ace. 90; $1.60to $3 per day, $8 to $10 i>er week. PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 161 Oceanic House, Mrs. B. T. Sterling; aco. 60; $1.60 to $2 per day, $10 to $12 per week. Toronto Cottage, A. V. Ackley; ace. 30; $1.60 per day, $8 to $10 per week. . 60; $1.60 to $2 PINE POINT BEACH (SCARBOBO), ME. 18; $2 per PORTLAND, ME. SEBAGO, ME. Lake View, A. K. P. Ward; ace. 30; $6 to $7 per week. Maple Farm, A. A. Reed ; ace. 19 ; $4 to $5 per "week. Elm Cottag-e, J. C. Bsbb; ace. S4; $4 to $3 per week. Douglas Farm, S. P. Doug-las ; ace. 18 ; $4 to $5 per week. Hig-hland Farm, J. P. Chadbourn; ace. 30; $4 to $5 per week. Mountain House, Nathaniel Chadbourn: ace. 16; $4 to $5 per week. SEBAGO LAKE, ME. Farm House, Z. S. Davis; ace. 20; $1 per day, $3 to 3 SCARBORO BEACH, ME. West Point House, Ira C. Fobs; ace. 46; $8 to $10 ; $10 to $12 per per week Checkley House, Ira Fobs; Ocean Cottage. J. M. Kaler; ace. 60; $8 to $10 per Spurwink House, George Mitchell ; ace. 12. SQUIRREL ISLAND, ME. YORK BEACH, ME. Thompson, ace. 80 ; $2 per day, $8 to $12 per week. YORK HARBOR, ME. CAFE ELIZABETH. per day, $10.60 FERRY BEACH, (OLD ORCHARD). Bay View House, Bay View. Ocean Park House. Oeeau Park. Billow House, Ocean Park. Granite State House, Ocean Park. Ferry Park House, Ferry Park. SOUTH HARPSWELL, ME. 30; $1 to 162 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. FUOM CUSTOM HOUSE WHARF. To House Island, . . . . To Little Hog Island Land- MILES. FL'F To Peak's Island Landing, . To Cushing's Island Land- ing, ........ To White Head Cove, To Evergreen Landing, . To Diamond Cove, To Long Island Landing, . . 4 To Clapboard Cove, ... 5 To Little Chebeague Landing, 7 To Jewell's Island, .... 10 To Harpswell, 13 To Freeport, 14 To Crouch's Cove, Goose Island, 14 DISTANCE TO rOPULAR RESORTS FltOM MAKKET SofARE. To Front's Neck, bv wav of MILES. FUR. To First of the Two Lights, M.LKS. FUB Stroudwatcr \'illage, . . IS To Cape Cottage, . . . S 4 To same, bv wav of Vaughan's To Evergreen Cemetery, . 7 Bridge, old road. I I I To Marine Hospital, 3 6 To same, by way of Cape To Libby's Corner, . I 7 Elizabeth Bridge, over To Stroudwater, .... S Buzzell Hill, II To Saccarappa .... 6 To same, by wav of Ocean To Cumberland .Mills. . . . ^ I road, round the Cape, . 14 7 To Woodford's, 2 To Atlantic House, Scarboro', To Morrill's Corner, •^ by ^'aughan's Bridge, . ') 7 To Pride's Bridge, . . . 4 6 To Kirkwood House, by wav To Allen's Corner, . . . 4 of Vaughan's Bridge, . . 7 To Blackstrap Monument, 7 To Reform School, . . . 4 To Portland Head Light, . . 4 4 To Ocean House Bowery Beach, 7 7 Northern Banking Company, CAPITAL, $100,000. -A I:,oan and Trust Institution. iiiciiil Aui-iil rriili< X, AHHiHiK'i'N, <;iiiirilian>, rrii..l<'<'n iiiul Ciiii (ir .Snic. I.intit I'liniixliril nii n|ii>l>>-ii>i<>ii. r<< It l.«f{iil liivrNliiiriil for llic ShvIiikh llfi Trnnniivln a (icni'ral llaiikiiiK llnnini'HM. A V Aalliorizi-il l»n>"»il«r.v lor Ailinini»lralar». Kwcii Inli'ri'iil Paid 1.11 l><'|M>~iI>.. Iiivf^liiirnl .Smn-ilit Tin- I>fl> rr IlonilH ixMai'd li.v lliin ( ■>iii|iiiii> <>r .llaiiie. Sei.den CoNNOii, I'reslikMit. Weston F. Mii,i,ikin, Vice-President. Ch.^iiles L. Maii.ston, Secretary. KXKtlTIVK CO.>I.1IlTTi;i:. TllK I'HE9U)ENT— 'JT-o^cio. JO8CFI1 TV. Si'.Mi.DiNC. Wii.m II F. Li ST. Hdi.i.is U. Hill. Ciias. S. Fouks. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 013 995 767 2 •;r,. ':'':■ j\l^f-'y^}. ;.';'-y-V:.^5 '■'1'1^-;:k';j">. ■r^;:-.-'^^^'^-?;i::::%--