LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Shelf ._-_..-.^ -iil UNITED STATES OF AMERICA i HISTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION Medical Superintendents OF From 1844 to 1884, Inclusive, WITH A LIST OF THE DIFFERENT HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE, AND THE NAMES AND DATES OF AP- POINTMENT AND RESIGNATION OF THE MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENTS. Compiled from the Records of the Association ^ BY JOHN CURWEN, M, D. SECRETARY OF THE ASSOCIATION. 18 85. r^"^:^ WARREN, PA.: E. COWAN & CO., PRINTERS. ? fie k«- 1 15 , ERRATA. Page i8, line 5, read " or" for "and." Page 46, line 13, read ''decease" for ''disease.' Page 62, line 21, read "Joseph" for "John." Page 79, line 14, read " of" for "in." Page 116, line 4, read "such" for "each." Page 121, line 2, read " 1877" for " 1874." HISTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION, To whom the honor of first proposing the formation of this Association is due, may be fully learned from a letter written to the compiler of this sketch, by one of the oldest and most dis- tinguished physicians in connection with a hospital for the in- sane (Dr. Francis T. Stribling). "About the year 1844, Dr. Woodward, the able and distin- guished pioneer in our specialty (then superintending the State Lunatic Hospital, at Worcester, Massachusetts), honored me with a visit. We, of course, conferred freely as to all that concerned the interests of the insane; the organization, management, &:c., of institutions for the benefit of this afflicted class was the topic on which we dwelt much. At that period, there were compara- tively few hos[)itals for the insane in the United States, and as we had felt mutually benefited by our interchange of views, it was deemed but reasonable that the noble cause would be ma- terially promoted by some arrangement to convene at stated per- iods, for consultation, &c., with those in charge of such institu- tions. If I forget not, it was understood between us that Dr. Woodward would, on his way home, have a personal interview with Dr. Kirkbride, and that they would, by mail, or othewise, confer with Dr. Awl, of Ohio, and probably some others. The result was a meeting of medical superintendents, at Philadelphia, and the organization of an association, which in my opinion, has secured to the American asylums for the insane, a reputation and a confidence which the heretofore boasted of institutions hi Europe cannot afford to ' look down upon.' " The first meeting of the Association was held at Jones' hotel in the city of Philadelphia, on the i6th day of October, 1844, at 10 o'clock, A. M. The officers a]:)pointed were Dr. Samuel B. Woodward, Presi- dent : Dr. Samuel White, Vice President, and Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Secretary and Treasurer. It was decided that the Convention should be styled, " The Convention of Medical Superintendents and Physicians of the Asylums and Hospitals for the Insane in the United States, and shall consist of the following individuals and of such other med- ical superintendents and physicians of asylums or hospitals for the insane as may hereafter be admitted by a vote of the major- ity of the members of the Convention," viz: Dr. Samuel B. Woodward, of the Massachusetts State Lunatic Hospital, at Worcester. Dr. Samuel White, of the Hudson Lunatic Asylum, Hudson, New York. Dr. Isaac Ray, of the Maine Insane Hospital, at Augusta. Dr. Luther V. Bell, of the McLean Asylum for the Insane, at Somerville, Massachusetts. Dr. C. H. Stedman, of the Boston Lunatic Hopsital, Boston, Massachusetts, Dr. John S. Butler, of the Connecticut Retreat for the Insane, at Hartford. Dr. Amariah Brigham, of the New York State Lunatic Asy- lum, at Utica. Dr. Pliny Earle, of the Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Philadelphia. Dr. Wm. M. Awl, of the Ohio Lunatic As3dum, Columbus. Dr. Francis T. Stribling, of the Western Lunatic Asylum of Virginia, at Staunton. Dr. John M. Gait, of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum, at ^Vil- liamsburg, Virginia. 7 Dr. Nehemiah Cutter, of the Pepperell Private Asylum, Pep- perell, Massachusetts. The committee appointed to prepare business for the Conven- tion recommended the appointment of committees on fifteen different subjects ; which was adopted, and the subjects and the gentlemen selected to compose the committees were as follows : 1. On the iNloral Treatment of Insanity— Drs. Brigham, Cutler and Stribling, 2. On the Medical Treatment of Insanity— Drs. Woodward, Awl and Bell. 3. On Restraint and "Restraining Apparatus — Drs. Bell, Ray and Stedman. 4. On the Construction of Hospitals for the Insane — Drs. Awl, White, Bell, Butler, Gait and Ray. 5. On the Jurisprudence of Insanity — Drs. Ray, Stribling and Stedman . 6. On the Prevention of Suicide— Drs. Butler, Kirkbride and Earle. 7. On the Organization of Hospitals for the Insane and a Man- ual for Attendants— Drs. Kirkbride, Brigham and Gait. 8. On the Statistics of Insanity— Drs. Earle, Ray and Awl, 9. On the Support of the Pauper Insane— Drs. Stribling, Bell and Ray. .10. On Asylums for Idiots and Demented — Drs. Brigham, Awl and White. 11. On Chapels and Chaplains in Insane Hospitals — Drs. Butler, White and Stedman. 12. On Postmortem Examinations — Drs. Kirkbride, Stedman and Gait. 13. On Comparative Advantages of Treatment in Hospitals and in Private Practice — Drs. White, Ray and Butler. 14. On Asylums for Colored Persons — Drs. Gait, Awl and Strib- ling. 15. On Provisions for Insane Prisoners — Drs. Brigham, Bell and Earle. 16. On Causes and Prevention of Insanity — Drs. Stribling, Kirk- bride and Bri'gham. Reports were presented from nearly all of these committees, and discussions held on the general subjects mentioned, though the committees were all continued, with the expectation of pre- senting fuller reports at a subsequent meeting. In a report on moral treatment, strong ground is taken in fa- vor of schools in hospitals for certain classes of patients, as a means of mental occupation. The foll9wing is of interest : Resolved, That it is the unanimous sense of this Convention that the attempt to abandon entirely the use of all means of personal restraint is not sanctioned by the true interests of the insane. Towards the close of the session, it was resolved that the title of the body in future shall be, " The Association of Medical Su- perintendents of American Institutions for the Insane," and that the medical superintendents of the various incorporated or other legally constituted institutions for the insane, now existing in the United States, or which may be commenced prior to the next meeting, be and they are hereby elected members of this Asso- ciation. It was also resolved that any member or members of this Asso- ciation who may be in Europe at the time of the meeting of the convention of physicians to the institutions for the Insane of Great Britain, be authorized to represent this body at that meet- ing, and that the President and Secretary furnish the proper cre- dentials. The Association adjourned on October 19, to meet in Wash- ington, D. C, on the second Monday in May, 1846. Dr. Samuel White, the Vice President, died before the next meeting of the Association, and from a memoir prepared for a subsequent meeting, the following abstract is made : Dr. White was born in Coventry, Connecticut, on February 23, 1777, and pursued the study of medicine and surgery with Dr. Philip Turner, of Norwich, Connecticut, a distinguished sur- geon in the army of the revolution. He commenced his pro- fessional career at Hudson, New York, 1797, and married in 1799. His practice soon became extensive and he was often 9 called especially as a surgeon to a great distance. In i8oS he was elected Professor of Obstetrics and Practical Surgery in the Berkshire Medical Institution, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, which situation, after giving two courses of lectures, he resigned. Giving to the occurrence of insanity in his own family, by which his domestic enjoyments were interrupted, he was led to pay much attention to this disease, and in 1830 he established a private lunatic asylum at Hudson, which he successfully cone ducted. In 1843 he was elected President of the New York State Medical Society, and delivered an address on insanity, which presented one of the best synopsis of our knowledge of insan- ity, especially of its treatment, which has ever been published. In October, 1844, he attended the meeting of the Association, but soon after his health began to fail, and he died at Hudson, February 10, 1845. In his personal appearance he was tall, though slender, his countenance grave and dignified, yet he was of a social dispo- sition, and a man of pleasing address. He discharged the var-. ious duties of a long and active professional life with ability and in a truly Christian spirit. Resolutions relative to Dr. White, offered by Dr. Brighani: Whereas, Since the last meeting of this Association, Dr. Samuel \Vhite, of Xew York, the venerable and highly respected late Yice President of this Association, has died; therefore. Resolved, That b}^ the death of Dr. White, this Association and the medical profession have lost an esteemed and valued member, and the cause of humanity, a useful 5nd active friend. Particularly have the friends of the insane reason to mourn his loss, as he has long been successfully engaged in relieving the sufferings of this afflicted class of his fellow beings, and, by his labors and his writings, essen- tially aided in improving their condition. Resolved, That we deeply sympathize with the surviving members of his family, and recall at the present time the excellencies of his character, his useful precepts, and the worthy examj^le he presented of a gentleman, physician and Christian, devoted to deeds of good- ness, and whose long and active life was spent in promoting the welfare of his fellow men. Resolved, That the Secretaiy of this Association present a copy of these resolutions to the nearest relative of the deceased. At the second meeting of the Association, which was held in Washington, D. C, on May ii, 1846, the following gentlemen were present : Dr. Samuel B, Woodward, of the Massachusetts State Lunatic Hospital, at Worcester. • Dr. James Bates, of the Maine Insane Hospital at Augusta. Dr. Andrew IMcFarland, of the New Hampshire State Hospital, at Concord. Dr. AVilliam H. Rockwell, of the A'ermont State Hospital, at Brattleboro'. Dr. Luther V. Bell, of the McLean Asylum for the Insane, Somerville, Massachusetts. Dr. N. Cutter, of the Pepperell Private Asylum, Massachusetts. Dr. C. H. Stedman, of the Boston Lunatic Hospital. Dr. George Chandler, of the Massachusetts State Lunatic Hos- pital, at Worcester. Dr. John S. Butler, of the Connecticut Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Dr. Pliny Earle, of the Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. Dr. G. H. White, of the Hudson Lunatic Asylum, New York. Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Philadelphia. Dr. R, S. Steuart and Dr. John Fonerden, of the Maryland Hospital, Baltimore. Dr. William H. Stokes, of the Mount Hope Asylum, Balti- more. Dr. William M. Awl, of the Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus. Dr. John M. Gait, of the Eastern Asykun of A^irginia, at Wil- liamsburg. Dr. J. \V. Parker, of the South Carolina Hospital, Columbia. Dr. Walter Telfer, of the Lunatic Hospital, Toronto, Canada. Dr. James Macclonald, of the Private Institution, at Flushing, New York, and Dr. Amariah Brigham, of the New York State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. The resolution of the last meeting relative to members was amended so as to read : That the medical superintendents of the various incorporated or other legally constituted institutions for the insane now existing on this continent, or which may be commenced prior to the next meeting, and all those who have heretofore been medical superintendents and members of this Association, or who may be hereafter appointed to those stations be and they hereby are constituted members of the Association. Dr. William M. Awl was elected Vice President, in place of Dr. Samuel White, deceased. The following resolution was also adopted : That in future every regularly constituted institution for the insane on this con- tinent may have a representative in this Association; that as here- tofore, this shall be the medical superintendent where such officer exists ; but in those institutions where there is a different organ- ization, it may be either of the regular medical officers who may find it most convenient to attend.. These two resolutions form the Constitution of the Association. The committees appointed at the previous meeting generally presented reports which led to interesting discussions, and the following committees were appointed on the subjects named : 1. Treatment of Incurables — Dr. Macdonald. 2. Is there any relation gbetween Phrenology and Insanity — Dr. Fonerden. 3. The Classification of Insanity — Dr. Earle. 4. The admission of visitors into the halls of patients — Dr. Ray. 5. Visits to and correspondence with patients by friends — Dr. Stokes. 12 6. The comparative value of the different kinds of manual la- bor for patients, and the best means of employment in winter — Dr. Rockwell. 7. The proper number of patients for one institution — Dr. Brigham. 8. The utility of night attendants, and the propriety of not locking the patients' doors at night — Dr. Chandler. 9. The advantages and disadvantages of cottages for wealthy patients adjacent to the hospitals for the insane — Dr. Kirk bride. 10. The relative value of different kinds of fuel for heating hos- pitals — Dr. Bates. 11. Insanity and the condition of the insane in the British Prov- inces — Dr. Telfer. 12. The nature and treatment of insanity produced by the use of intoxicating liquors — Dr. Stedman. 13. The relations of menstruation to insanity — Dr. Fonerden. 14. Under what circumstances can the insane of the poorer classes be properly treated with the greatest economy — Dr. McFarland. 15. I'he effects upon the insane of the use of tobacco — Dr. Cutter. 16. Reading, recreation and amusement for the insane — Dr. Gait. 17. On water closets in the wards and yards of hospitals for the insane — Dr. Bell. 18. On the construction and arrangement of institutions for the insane in southern climates — Dr. Parker. The Association adjourned on May 14, to meet in New York on the second Monday of May, 1848. Dr. Samuel Bayard Woodward was born at Torrington, Litch- field county, Connecticut, June 10, 1787 ; studied medicine with his father, an eminent physician, and at the age of twenty-one was licensed to practice medicine by the medical board of his native county, and soon after located himself in Weathersfield, Connecticut. When the Penitentiary was moved to Weathers- field, he was appointed physician, and held the position so long as he remained in Weathersfield. 13 He was one of the medical examiners of tlie medical school in New Haven, chosen by the State Medical Society. He was efficient in establishing th-e Retreat at Hartford. He issued cir- culars and made the arrangements to collect the funds. He was one of the medical visitors of that institution while he remained in the vicinity. He took credit to himself in having secured for it its present delightful location. His attention was called to this special department of the profession by the occurence of several cases of insanity in his own practice, and in that of his profes- sional brethren, whose advisor he was. The difficulty of manag- ing these cases in their private practice led Dr. Woodward, and his particular friend, Dr. Eli Todd, to take the first step towards the establishment of the retreat. He was appointed Superintend- ent of the State Lunatic Hospital, at Worcester, in September, 1832 ; went to Worcester in December following, and moved into the hospital as soon as rooms could be finished and furnished for the reception of his family. He retired on June 30, 1846, on account of failing health, and moved to Northampton, where he died quite suddenly on the evening of January 3, 1850. The following interesting fiicts in his history may also be noticed : At the age of four yeai-s he went, as was then the custom, to a pest house, and was inoculated with matter of small-pox. He had the disease quite severely. What was remarkable in his case was the fact of his having small-pox twice afterwards. At about thirty years old, he was severely sick with a low grade of fever, and was delirious ; during which he refused to take food, under the impression that his children were given him to eat, and afterwards from thinking it wrong to eat, as there was not food enough on the earth to support the inhabitants. He said he was induced to take food by a stratagem of his father, who gave him water, saying to him that the Lord had made a great supply of water for all things, which seemed to him reason > able. When it was dark his father added milk to the water. In this way he was sustained until the delusion passed off. In that sickness he labored under a disease of the organ of the vision. Those in his sick chamber seemed to m,cve with great velocity. Those coming toward him appeared to be coming so fast that they would certainly dash against him. He requested them to move slowly. This fever left him with an enlarged leg, the veins of which were varicose. An nicer came upon the ankle of this leg, which was open most of the time. He was elected in 1830 to a seat in the Senate of Connecticut, and on taking up his residence in Massachusetts, was commis- sioned by the Governor as a justice of the peace, which was re- newed at the end of seven years. His printed literary labors are mostly comprised in his reports to the trustees of the hospital of which he had the superinten- dency for thirteen years, making in all about six hundred pages of large octavo ; a series of articles published in 1839. in the ^o^XoYv Mercantile Journal, on the subject of an asylum for in- ebriates ; Hints to the Young, on a subject forced upon his at- tention by a large number of its unhappy victims, of both sexes, wdiose forlorn condition overcame his innate modesty on this sub- ject, and induced him to publish for their warning these hints to the young ; and after leaving the hospital, his Report on the Fruits of New England was published by the Agricultural So- ciety of Hampshire county, Massachusetts. Besides these, some minor articles of his have been printed. He wrote and delivered several lyceum lectures. His hospital reports were extensively circulated — three thousand copies being the standing order of the Legislature. While in practice, his office was for some years the great resort for young men who wished to enter the profes- sion. It was his rule to attend to his students and hear their recitations, in the morning before sunrise. He seldom failed of being at his own house punctually at the hour of dining. His personal appearance was commanding, and his carriage was truly majestic. His stature was six feet two and one-half inches, and without the deformity of obesity, his weight was about two hundred and sixty pounds. He was erect, and, though full in figure, his motions were quick and graceful. Although very civil and acceptable to all, he seemed born to command. Dignity and ever-enduring cheerfulness sat upon his counte- 15 nance, and betokened the serenity and happy state of the feel- ings within. • Rcsoli.tioiis on tJic Resignation of Dr. S. B. Woodward, off ere d by Dr. J. M. Gait, May ii, 1848. Whereas, Dr. Samuel B. Woodward, at the present meeting of this Association, has tendered his resignation as President ; therefore, Resolved, That AA'hilst accepting this resignation, we cannot adjourn without declaring our high sense of the services of Dr. Woodward as President of this body, and also our full appreciation of his ardent and useful exertions for so many years in behalf of the unfortunate insane. The third meeting of the Association was held in New York, on the 8th of May, 1848. Present — Dr. James Bates, Maine Hospital for the Insane, Augusta. Dr. \Villiam H. Rockwell, State Asylum, Brattleboro', Ver- mont. Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- ticut. Dr. A. Brigham, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. C. H. Stedman, of the Boston Lunatic Hospital. Dr. Pliny Earle, of the Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. Dr. James Macdonald, Sanford Hall, Flushing, Long Island. Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Philadelphia. Dr. Joshua H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Pennsylvania. Dr. N. D. Benedict, Philadelphia Almshouse. Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore. Dr. John M. Gait, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, at Williamsburg, Virginia. i6 Dr. Wm. M. Awl, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. John R. Allen, Lunatic Asylum, Lexiiigton, Kentucky. Dr. Luther V. Eell, McLean Asylum, Somerville, ]Massachu- setts. Dr. H. A. Buttolph, Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey. Dr. A, [NIcFarland, Lunatic Asylum, Concord, New Hampshire. Dr. N. Cutter, Private Institution, PepperelL ?klassachusetts. Dr. George H. White, Private Asylum, Hudson, New York. Dr. M. H. Ranney, Blackwell's Island Lunatic Asylum, New York. Dr. S. B. Woodward, having resigned his office of President, Dr. William ]M. Awl was elected to that position, and Dr. A. Brigham, A'ice President. Dr. Brigham read an obituary notice of Dr. SamuelA\'hite, late Vice President of the Association. The discussson covered a great variety of subjects connected with the treatment and management of the insane, and the ar- rangement of hospitals for their accommodation. The most notable feature was the adoption of a series of res- olutions condemnatory of the arrangements of the lunatic asy- lum on Blackwell's Island, and the recommendation of many improvements in the construction and management of the insti- tution, most of which have since been adopted. A resolution was also adopted strongly deprecatory of the se- lection of medical superintendents of hospitals on political grounds, "as a dangerous departure from that sound rule which should govern every appointing power, of seeking the best men, irrespective of every other consideration." At this meeting a resolution was passed that the trustees, man- agers, or official visitors of each insane asylum on this continent be invited to attend the meetings of the Association. The Association adjourned on ]May 12th, to meet in L^tica, New York, in 1849. The fourth meeting of the Association was held in Utica, New York, on the 21st day of May, 1849. Present — Dr. James Bates, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, Maine. Dr. L. V. Bell, McLean Asvlum, Somerville, Massachusetts. 17 Dt, C> H. Stcdman, Lunatic Hospital, Boston. Dr. N. Cutter, Private Institution, Pepperell, Massachusetts. Dr. L Ray, Butler Hospital for the Insane, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. A. Brigham, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. H. A. Buttolph, Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey. Dr. Thomas S, Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for Insane, Philadelphia Dr. William M, Awl, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. Dr, J. S. McNairy, State Hospital for Insane, Nashville, Ten- nessee, Dr, C. Fremont, Beauport Asylum, Quebec, Canada East. Dr. G. H. White, Lunatic Asylum, Hudson, New York. Dr. W, H, Rockwell, Asylum for Insane, Brattleboro', Ver- mont. Dr. C. H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. Dr. J, H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn- sylvania, Dr. E. Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. Dr. N. D. Benedict, Insane Department, Philadelphia Alms- house. Resolutions expressive of the regard and esteem for Dr. James Macdonald, and regret at his death, were passed as the first act of the Association. Dr. Bell read a paper on the disease which has been frequently called, from his description. Bell's disease. Dr. Cutter read a history of the treatment of the insane since 1 814, with special reference to his own observations in that dis- ease. The following resolutions are matters of interest, and were of- fered by Dr. Kirkbride : liesolved, That it is the deliberate conviction of this Association that an abundance of pure air, at a proper temperature, is an essen - tial element in the treatment of the sick, especially in hospitals, and whether for those afflicted with ordinary disease or for the insane, and that no expense that is required to effect this object thoroughly can be deemed either misi)laced or injudicious. i8 Resoh'ed, That the experiments receritly made in various institu- tions in this country and elsewhere prove, to the satisfaction of the members of this Association, that the best means of supplying warmth in winter at present known to them consists in passing fresh air from the external atmosphere over pipes and plates contain- ing steam under low pressure orhot water, the temperature of whicli. at the boiler, does not exceed 212° F., and placed in large air cham- bers in the basement or cellar of the building to be heated. Resolved, That a complete system of forced ventilation, connected with such a mode of heating, is^ indispensable in every institution devoted to these purposes, and where all possible benefits are sought to be derived from its arrangements. The following standing committees were appointed : On the Moral Management of the Insane — Dr. Awl. On the Medical Management of the Insane — Dr. Bates. On the Medical Jurisprudence of Insanity — -Dr. Ray. On the Construction of Hospitals for the Insane — Dr. Kirk- bride On Restraining Apparatus— Dr. Nichols, The Association adjourned on May 24, to meet in Boston, on the third Tuesday of June, 1850, Dr. James Macdonald was born at White Plains, New York, July 18, 1803, Commenced the study of medicine in 1821, and received the degree of M, D. from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of New York, on March 29, 1825, and almost immed- iately after was appointed resident Physician of Bloom ingd ale Asylum. He remained at Bloomingdale until the latter part of the year 1830, when he resigned and commenced the general practice of his profession in the city of New York. He was sent abroad in the spring of 1831, by the Governors of the New York Hospital, to visit the institutions for the insane in Europe. He returned to New York in October, 1832, and immediately took charge of the Bloomingdale Asylum, where he remained until the autumn of 1837, when he again commenced the gen- eral practice of his profession in New York city. In the follow- ing spring he was elected one of the attending physicians of the New York Hospital, which he held for four years, and then re- signed. In 1839 he again visited Europe. He opened a priv- 19 ale ir.stitution for the treatment of mental disorders, on the ist day of June, 1841, at jMurray Hill, but in the spring of 1846 re- moved to Sanford Hall, near Flushing, Long Island. In 1842, he was tendered the situation of Superintendent of the New York State Lunatic Asylum, which, after mature consideration, he decliiied. He was attacked on the 30th of April, 184S, with severe pleuro- pneumonia, and died on May 2, 1849. He materially aided in the establishment of the Asylum for the Insane on Blackwell's Island, and was ajopointed one of the visit- ing physicians in 1847. Resoiiitiojis on ihe death of Dr. James Macdonald, offered by Dr. Z. V. Bell, May 21, i84g : Besohed, That as the first official act of this Association, we would give utterance to the profound sensibilities with which we have been impressed by the recent decease of our honored associate and friend. Dr. James Macdonald, of New York. Resolved, That in view of his elevated personal character,his high in- telleetnal attainments, his extended experience of nearly twenty-four years devoted to our department of professional labor, we deeply ap- preciate the breach made in the ranks of science and usefulness by his death, and in the premature close of a life of devotion to duty, at its meridian, we recognize the hand of a mysterious and inscrut- able Providence, to which, however dark, we would submit, in hum- ble faith and adoration. Resolved, That so important an event in the history of our Asso- ciation, as Avell as of that department of professional labor to which our lives are devoted, ought not to pass without some more enduring recognition of his life and services, and that some member be ap- pointed to prepare and publish, and have registered in our annals, a suitable tribute to his memory, in a record of his professional life and labors. Dr. John S. McNairy died in Nashville, Tennessee,. August 18, 1849, aged thirty-seven years. He was appointed Superintend- ent and Physician of the State Hospital for the Insane at the age of thirty-one. 20 The fifth meeting of the Association was held in Boston, on June i8, 1850. Present — Dr. James Bates, Insane Hospital, Augusta, ]Maine. Dr. Andrew McFarland, Insane Asyhun, Concord, New Hamp- shire. Dr. Luther V. Bell, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- setts. Dr. C. A. Stedman, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. Dr. George Chandler, State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Mas- sachusetts. Dr. N. Cutter, Pepperell, Massachusetts. Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. John S. Pjutler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- ticut. Dr. N. D. Benedict, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. W. H. Rockwell, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro', Vermont. Dr. C. H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York City Lunatic Asylum, Black- well's Island. Dr. Heniy W. Buell, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New- Jersey. Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Philadelphia. Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn- sylvania. Dr. William S. Haines, Insane Department, Philadelphia Alms- house, Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Dr. John M. Gait, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg, Virginia. Dr. William M. Awl, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. S. Hanbury Smith, Lunatic Asylum, (elect) Columbus, Ohio. I)r, R, J. Patterson, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana. Dr, J. ]\L Higgins, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Il- linois, Dr, Edward Mead, Retreat for Insane, (private) Chicago, Il- linois, Dr. John R, Allen, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- tucky, Dr. John Waddell, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New Brunswick, Dr, James Douglass, Quebec Lunatic Asylum, Canada. Dr. L, A". Bell was elected Vice President, in place of Dr. Brigham, deceased. At this meeting Dr, Ray brought forward the project of a law regulating the legal relations of the insane. A large number of valuable and interesting papers on a great variety.of subjects connected with the treatment and welfare of the insane, and on the arrangement of institutions for their care, were read and discussed at this meeting. . The Association adjourned on June 22, 1850, to meet in Phil- adelphia on the third Monday in May, 185 1. Dr. Amariah Brigham was born at New Marlboro, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, on December 26, 1798. He commenced practice, a youth somewhat short of his ma- jority, in the town of Enfield, Massachusetts, where he remained two years, and then moved to Greenfield, where he continued seven years. He visited Europe, sailing on July 16, 1828, and remained abroad visiting hospitals in all the countries he visited, about a year, reaching Boston, on his return, on July 4, 1829, and in a short time resumed practice in Greenfield. He removed to Hartford, Connecticut, in April, 1831. While in Hartford he wrote and published the following works: Influence of Mental Cultivation on Health ; Influence of Re- ligion on the Health and Physical Welfare of Mankind ; a Treatise on Epidemic Cholera ; and an Inquiry concerning the Diseases and Functions of the Brain, the Spinal Cord, and the 22 Nerves. In 1837 he was elected Professor of Anatomy and Snr- gery in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York city, where he remained a year and a half. He was elected Superin- tendent and Physician of the Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connecticut, in 1840, and in the fall of 1842 to a similar ap- pointment in connection with the State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. He commenced publishing the Journal of Insaniiy in July, 1S44. His health began to fail in the summer of 1847 (though he had been feeble for two years previous), and though benefited by a trip to the South, in the spring of 1848, he never fully regained it, and died September 8, 1849, In person Dr. Brigham was tall, somewhat less than six feet in height, and very slender, his weight, in health, probably not exceeding one hun- dred and thirty pounds. His features were well proportioned, though rather small than otherwise, eyes of a soft, dark blue, ex- pressing more than usual the varying emotions of his mind. His hair was thin, of a brown color, and slightly, if at all, gray, at the time of his death. His gait was naturally slow, and by no means graceful, while his voice was soft, low% and quite melodi- ous. As a whole, however, his appearance and manner indi- cated, to the observer, a superior and cultivated intellect, a firm will, perfect self-possession, a social disposition, and a kind and generous heart. Res olLt ions on the Death of Drs. Woodward and Brigham, offered by Dr. L. V, Bell, Ji.ne 21, iSjC. Resolved, That this Association has felt, beyond the power of ade- quate expression, the profound solemnity which has been thrown around us on the occasion of its present meeting, by the loss of two of its members, so prominent in the history of its organization, as well as in the records of the provisions for the insane in this coun- try, and with still more sensibility, in view of the exalted personal worth, the amiable, cheerful and communicative manner, and pure, self-sacrificing lives of the deceased. Resolved, That the deep and general regret w^hich filled the mind of the whole philanthropic community of an entire section of coun- try, and circles w^here they were best known, uttered in a thousand forms of expression, leaves us in no doubt that their virtues, merits 23 aud devotion to great public duties, have been appreciated in a de- gree commensurate with their just claims, and leaving neither place nor necessity for any long drawn eulogium. Brsoh'ed, That notwithstanding the full justice which has been done to the public and private character of our distinguished friends, we still feel that the members of this Association, more intimately and fully acquainted with their peculiar traits of service and sacri- fice in our specialty, ought not to be satisfied without a more partic- ular testimonial of our feelings and opinions as to our deceased brothers; we therefore earnestly and respectfully request that Dr. Chandler would prepare, for the next meeting of the Association, a biographical sketch of the late Dr. Woodward, and that Dr. Nichols perform the same duty as regards the late Dr. Brigham. Dr. James Bates resigned his position as Superintendent of the Maine Hospital for the Insane in 1851, and is still living at Yar- mouth, Maine. Dr. John R. Allen resigned the Superintendency of the East- ern Lunatic Asylum, of Kentucky, on October i, 185 1 ; moved to St. Louis, thence to Keokuk, and, after some years, to Mem- phis, where he is now engaged in the practice of medicine (1868). Lhe sixth meeting of the Association was held in Philadelphia, on May 19, 1851. Present — Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. N. Cutter, Pepperell, Massachusetts. Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- ticut. Dr. N. D. Benedict, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. C. H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. Dr. H. A. Buttolph, Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey. Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Philadelphia 24 Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn- sylvania. Dr. William S. Haines, Insane Department, Philadelphia Alms- house. Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg. Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. S. Hanbury Smith, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. J. W. Parker, Asylum for the Insane, Columbia, South Carolina. Dr. R. J. Patterson, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- diana. Dr. J. Morrin, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada. Dr. Pliny Earle, late of Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. Dr. T. R. H. Smith, Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. Dr. J. ly;. Higgins, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Illinois. Dr. W. H. Stokes, Mount Hope Institution, Baltimore, Mary- land. Dr. George Chandler, State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Mas- sachusetts. Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. Dr. M. H. Ranney, Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island, New York. Dr, Charles Evans, Consulting Physician of the Friends' Asy- lum, Frankford, Pennsylvania. Lawrence Lewis, Mordecai L. Dawson, and William Biddle, managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, and Wil- liam Bettle and John C. Allen, managers of the Friends' Asylum, Frankford ; Joseph Konigmacher, trustee of the State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and Alexander Cummings, W. S. Hansell and T. Robinson, Guardians of the Philadelphia Lunatic Asylum, were invited to take seats with the members of the Association, Dr. W. M. Awl resigned the office of President, and Dr. Luther V. Bell was elected President, and Dr. Isaac Ray, Vice Presi- dent. 25 Rc'sohJioji on Dr, AwV s resignation^ offered by Dr. T. S. Kirk- bride, May ig, iSji. Resolved, That the members of this Association, on receiving the resignation of Dr. Awl, as its presiding officer, cannot allow the oc- casion to pass without testifying their full appreciation of his efforts as one of the promoters of this Association, and of his varied and important services in the cause of the insane, and their regrets are increased by the knowledge that impaired health should have com- pelled him to cease to occupy the post of active usefulness in which he has been so long and so favorably known. At this meeting were discussed and adopted the propositions on the construction of hospitals for the insane, which have been so eminently useful in the arrangement of hospitals to the pres- ent time : 1. Every hospital for the insane should be in the country, not within less than two miles of a»large town, and easily accessible at all seasons. 2. No hospital for the insane, however limited its capacity, should have less than fifty acres of land, devoted to gardens and pleasure grounds for its patients. At least one hundred acres should be possessed by every State hospital, or other institutions for two hundred patients, to which number these propositions apply, unless otherwise mentioned. 3. Means should be provided to raise ten thousand gallons of water, daily, to reservoirs that will supply the highest parts of the building. 4. No hospital for the insane should be built without the plan having been first submitted to some physician or physicians who have had charge of a similar establishment, or are practically ac- quainted with all the details of their arrangements, and received his or their full approbation. 5. The highest number that can with propriety be treated in one building is two hundred and fifty, while two hundred is a preferable maximum. 6. All such buildings should be constructed of stone or brick, have slate or metalic roofs, and as far as possible, be made secure from accidents by fire. 26 7- Every hospital, liLvinj provision for two hiindred or more patients, should have in it at least eight distinct wards for each sex — making sixteen classes in the entire establishment. 8. Each ward should have in it a parlor, a corridor, single lodging rooms for patients, an associated dormitory, communi- cating with a chamber for two attendants, a clothes room, a bath room, a water closet, a dining room, a dumb waiter, and a speak- ing tube, leading to the kitchen or other central part of the building. 9. No apartments should ever be provided for the confine- ment of patients, or as their lodging rooms, that are not entirely above ground. TO. No class of rooms should ever be constructed without some kind of a window in each, communicating directly with the external atmosphere. 11. No chamber for the use of a single patient should ever be less than eight by ten feet, nor should the ceiling of any story occupied by patients'be less than twelve feet in height. 12. The floors of patients' apartments should always be of wood. 13. The stairways should always be of iron,. stone, or other in- destructible material, ami)le in size and number, and easy of ac- cess, to afford convenient egress in case of accident from fire. 14. A large hospital should consist of amain central building with wings. 15. The main central building should contain the offices, re- ceiving rooms for company, and apartments, entirely private, for the superintending physician and family, in case that officer resides in the hospital building. 16. The wings should be so arranged that if rooms are placed on both sides of a corridor, the corridors should be furnished at both ends with movable glazed sashes for the free admission of both light and air. 17. The lighting should be by gas, on account of its conven- ience, cleanliness, safety and economy. 27 i8. The apartments for washing clothing, &c., should be de- tached from the hospital building. 19. The draining should be under ground, and all the inlets to the sewers should be properly secured to prevent offensive emanations. 20. All hospitals should be warmed by passing an abundance of pure, fresh air from the external atmosphere, over pipes or ])lates containing steam under low pressure, or hot water, the temperature of which does not exceed 212 ° F., and placed in the basement or cellar of the building to be heated. 21. A complete system of forced ventilation, in connection with the heating, is indispensable to give purity to the air of a hospital for the insane, and no expense that is required to effect this object thoroughly, can be deemed either misplaced or injur- ious. 22. The boilers for generating steam for warming the building should be in a detatched structure, connected with which may be the engine for pumping water, driving the washing apparatus and other machinery. 23. All water closets should, as far as possible, be made of in- destructible materials, be simple in their arrangements, and have a strong downward ventilation connected with them. 24. The floors of bath rooms, water closets and basement stories, should, as far as possible, be made of materials that will not absorb moisture. 25. The wards for the most excited class should be constructed with rooms on but one side of a corridor, not less than ten feet wide, the external windows of which should be large, and have pleasant views from them. 26. Whenever practicable, the pleasure grounds of a hospital for the insane should be surrounded by a substantial wall, so placed as not to be unpleasantly visible from the building. These propositions were drawn up by Dr. Kirkbride. At this meeting Dr. Kirkbride resigned the office of Secretary, 28 which he had held since the organization of the Association, and Dr. Buttolph was elected in his place. The following resolution, adopted at this meeting, is of in- terest. Resolved, That it is the duty of the community to provide and suit- ably care for all classes of the insane, and that in order to secure their greatest good and highest welfare, it is indispensable that in- stitutions for their exclusive care and treatment, having a resident medical superintendent, should be provided, and that it is improper except from extreme necessity, as a temporary arrangement, to con- fine insane persons in county poorhouses or other institutions, with those afflicted with or treated for other diseases or confined for mis- demeanors. The papers read and the discussions had were very interesting, varied and instructive, and the Association adjourned on May 23, 1851, to meet in New York in 1852. Dr. William M. Awl resigned his position as superintendent of the Ohio Lunatic i\sylum on July i, 1850, and resides in Co- lumbus, Ohio. The seventh meeting of the Association was held in New York, commencing on May 18, 1852. Present — Dr. Luther V. Bell, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- setts. Dr. L Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey. Dr. Andrew McFarland, Insane Asylum, Concord, New Hamp- shire. Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- ticut. Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. Dr. N. Cutter, Pepperell, Massachusetts. 29 Dr. C. A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. C. H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. Dr. N. D. Benedict, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. j\L H. Ranney, Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island, New York. Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Philadelphia. Dr. J. H, Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn- sylvania. Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har-. risburg. Dr. Francis T, Stribling, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, Virginia. Dr. S. Hanbury Smith, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. Thomas F. Green, State Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville, Georgia. Dr. Francis Bullock, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, New York. Dr. A. Lopez, Hospital for the Insane, Alabama. Drs. Henry W. Buell and B. Ogden, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. Dr. J. M. Higgins, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Il- linois. Dr. George Chandler, State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Mas- sachusetts. Dr. William S. Haines, Insane Department, Philadelphia Alms- house. Dr. C. Fremont, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada, Dr. R. J. Patterson, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana. Visitors — E. A. Wetmore, Esq., Treasurer State Lunatic Asy- lum, Utica. Stacy B. Collins, Board of Governors of New York Hospital. A. Munson, Esq., President of Board of Managers of State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. The discussions of the various papers presented were interest- ing and instructive, and afier a very pleasant meeting, the Asso- 30 ciation adjourned on May 22, 1852, to meet in Ealtimore, Mary- land. Dr. J. M. Hi£"gins was removed from his position by a new board of Trustees of the Illinois Hospital, on June 6, 1853, and is still living, engaged in the practice of medicine in Griggs- ville, Illinois. The eighth meeting was held in Baltimore, Maryland, com- mencing on May 10, 1853. Present — Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Philadelphia. Dr..F. T. Stribling, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, Vir- ginia, Dr. N. D. Benedict, State Lunatic Asylum, LTtica, New York. Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey. Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg. Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn- sylvania. Dr. John E. I'y^^'"' Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New Hampshire. Dr. R. J. Patterson, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- diana. Dr. Elijah Kendrick, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. Clement A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massa- chusetts. Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, ]\Iaryland. Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Institution, Baltimore, Maryland. 31 Dr. Francis Bullock, Kings county Lunatic x\sylum, Flatbush, Xew York. Dr. Luther V. Bell, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- setts. Dr. L Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. Dr. J. D. Stewart, Insane Department, Philadelphia Alms- house. Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic x\sylum, Fulton, Missouri. Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, District of Columbia. Many interesting papers were read at this meeting, but the most important action was the adoption of the proposition on organization of Hospitals for the Insane : I. The general controlling power should be vested in a board of trustees or managers; if of a State institution, selected in such a manner as will be likely most effectually to protect it from all influences connected with political measures or political changes; if of a private corporation, by those properly author- ized to vote. 2. The board of trustees should not exceed twelve in number, and be composed of individuals possessing the public confidence, distinguished for liberality, intelligence, and active benevolence, above all political influence, and able and willing faithfully to attend to the duties of their station. Their tenure of office should be so arranged, that where changes are deemed desirable, the terms of not more than one-third of the whole number should expire in one year. 3. The board of trustees should appoint the physician, and on his nomination, and not otherwise, the assistant physician, stew- ard and matron. They should, as a board or by committee, visit and examine every part of the institution, at frequent stated intervrls, not less than semi-monthly, and at such other times as they may deem expedient, and exercise so careful a supervision over the expenditures and general operations of the hospitals, as 32 to give the community a proper degree of confidence in the cor- rectness of its management. 4. The physician should be the superintendent and chief ex- ecutive officer of the estabhshment. Eesides being a well edu- cated physician, he should possess the mental, physical and social qualities to fit him for the post. He should serve during good behavior, reside on or very near the premises, and his compensa- tion should be so liberal as to enable him to devote his whole time and energies to the welfare of the hospital. He should nominate to the board suitable persons to act as assistant phy- sician, steward and matron 3 he should have the entire control of the medical, moral and dietetic treatment of the patients, the unreserved power of appointment and discharge of all per- sons engaged in their care, and should exercise a general super- vision and direction of every department of the institution. 5. The assistant physician, or assistant physicians, where more than one are required, should be graduates of medicine, of such character and qualifications as to be able to represent and per- form the ordinary duties of the physician during his absence. 6. The steward, under the direction of the superintending physician, and by his order should make all purchases for the institution, keep the accounts, make engagements with, and pay and discharge those employed about the establishment ; have a supervision of the farm, garden and grounds, and perform such other duties as may be assigned him. 7. The matron, under the direction of the superintendent, should have a general supervision of the domestic arrangements of the house, and, under the same direction, do what she can to promote the comfort and restoration of the patients. 8. In institutions containing more than two hundred patients, a second assistant physician and apothecary should be employed, to the latter of whom other duties, in the male wards, may be conveniently assigned. 9. If a chaplain is deemed desirable as a permanent officer, he should be selected by the superintendent, and like all others 33 engaged in the care of the patients, should be entirely under his direction. 10. In every hospital for the insane, there should be one su- pervisor for each sex, exercising a general oversight of all the attendants and patients, and forming a medium of communica- tion bet^^"ten them and the officers. 11. In no institution should the number of persons in immed- iate attendance on the patients be in a lower ratio than one at- tendant for every ten patients, and a much larger proportion of attendants will commonly be desirable. 12. The fullest authority should be given to the superintend- ent to take every precaution that can guard against fire or acci- dent within an institution, and to secure this an efficient night watch should always be provided. 13. The situation and circumstances of different institutions may require a considerable number of persons to be employed in various other positions, but in every hospital, at least all those that have been referred to are deemed not only desirable, but absolutely necessary, to give all the advantages that may be hoped for from a liberal and enlightened treatment of the insane. 14. All persons employed in the care of the insane should be active, vigilant, cheerful and in good health. They should be of a kind and benevolent disposition, be educated, and in all re- spects trustworthy, and their compensation should be sufficiently liberal to secure the services of individuals of this description. These propositions were prepared by Dr. Kirkbride. During this meeting the Association visited Washington, to ex- amine the site of the new hospital for the army and navy and District of Columbia. The Association adjourned on May 13, 1853, to meet in Wash- ington, District of Columbia, Dr. N. D. Benedict was obliged to resign his position as Su- perintendent of the New York State Lunatic Asylum, to which he had been appointed in the fall of 1849. He had previously held the office of chief physician in the Philadelphia Almshouse, 34 and had commenced and put in operation great charges in the insane department of that institution. Since leaving Utica, he has resided, on account of his tendency to disorder of the lungs, in Florida. Dr. J. D. Stewart died on April 12, 1854, in the fortieth year of his age. Dr. Elijah Kendrick resigned his position as Superintendent of Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum on July i, 1854, and for several years past has had a private institution near Kew Brighton, Heaver county, Pennsylvania. Dr. Francis Bullock was born at Centreville, x\llegheny county. New York, June 22, 1828 ; received his degree of M. D. from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, in October, 1849 ; was appointed resident physician of Kings County Luna- tic Asylum, at Flatbush, Long Island, January, 1850, which place he held at the time of his death, in July, 1853. The ninth annual meeting was he!d in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, in the rooms of the Smithsonian Institute, commencing on May 9, 1854. The following members were present : Dr. Luther V. Bell, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- setts. Dr. Isaac Ray, of the Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. F. T. Stribling, of the Western Lunatic Asylum, Staun- ton, Virginia. Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. 35 Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- diana. Dr. John Waddell, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New Brunswick. Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg. Dr. Edward C. Fisher, Insane Asylum, Raleigh, North Caro- lina. Dr. W. A. Cheatham, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Ten- nessee. Dr. John E. Tyler, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New Hampshire. Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Institution, Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. C. A. Walker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massa- chusetts. Dr. D. T. Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. Dr. Joseph Morrin, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada East. Dr. T. M. Ingraham, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, New York. Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York City Lunatic Asylum, Black- well's Island. Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, District of Columbia. Dr. William M. Awl, late of Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. Buttolph resigned his office of Secretary, and Dr. Nichols was chosen to that office. The Association paid their respects to the President of the United States, visited Mount Vernon, and also the principal pub- lic buildings in Washington, and after a pleasant and profitable meeting, adjourned on May 12, 1854, to meet in the city of Boston . Dr. T. M. Ingraham left the institution of which he was for a 36 short time physician (Kings County Lunatic Asykim), to engage in private practice in FJatbush, and is now (1868) in practice at Flatlands, New York. The tenth annual meeting of the Association was held iii Bos- ton, ^Massachusetts, commencing on May 22, 1855. The use of the Senate Chamber having been tendered to the Association by that body, the Association was organized there. The following members were present : Dr. Luther V. Bell, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- setts- Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. T. S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Philadelphia Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, Wash- ington, District of Columbia. Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- ticut. ^ Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. H. A. Buttolph, Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey. Dr. J.iH. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania, Dr. ^V. H. Rockwell, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro', Ver- mont. Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- diana. Dr. T. R. H- Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. Dr. D. T. Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York, Dr. N. Cutter, Pepperell, Massachusetts. Dr. C. H. Stedman, Boston, Massachusetts. 37 Dr. H. M. Harlow, Insane Hospital, Augusta, Maine. Dr. E. S. Blancbard, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, Xew York. Dr. John E. 'l'}'ler. Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New Hampshire. Dr. G. C. S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, launton, Mas- sachusetts. Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. Edward C. Fisher, Asylum for the Insane, Raleigh, North Carolina. Dr. C. A. Walker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, South Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto, Canada West, Dr. George Chandler, State Lunatic Hospital, W^orcester, Mas- sachusetts. Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York City Lunatic Asylum, Black- well's Island. Dr. Joshua Clements, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton. Also, Dr. George Dock, one of the Trustees of the Pennsyl- vania State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg, who remained in at- tendance till the final adjournment. Dr. Bell resigned the office of President, and Dr. Ray was elected President, and Dr. Kirkbride Vice President. Dr. Butler was elected Treasurer in place of Dr. Kirkbride. Resolution 011 Dr. Z. V. BelPs restgiiatio?i, offered by Dr. T. S, Kirkbride, May 22, i8jj. Resolved, That the Association has accepted with regret the resign- ation of Dr. Bell, and that the thanks of the Association be tendered to him for the able manner in which he has performed the. duties of his station. Dr. Ray read his paper on the Insanity of George the Third. During this session an invitation was presented by the Mayor of the city, to the ^Association, to occupy the room of the Com- mon Council, in the City Hall, for the sessions of the Associa- 38 tion, which was accepted, and the subsequent meetings were held in that room. More than the usual number of papers on interesting subjects were read and discussed, and the Association was the recipient of unusual attention from the city authorities of Boston, to whom they were indebted for a steamboat excursion down the bay, and to the various public buildings and objects of interest ; and also from the officers of different public institutions in Boston and its vicinity. Dr. Jarvis presented to the Association, in a condensed form, the results of the investigation of a commission to ascertain the number of the insane in Massachusetts. The Association adjourned on May 25, to meet in Cincinnati, Ohio, on the third Tuesday of May, 1856. Dr. Blanchard remained in connection with the Kings County Lunatic Asylum about one year, then engaged in practice in New York, and subsequently moved to Vermont. Dr. Geo. Chandler resigned his office in the fall of 1855, and has since been living in Worcester, Massachusetts. Dr. C. H. Stedman, after leaving the Boston Lunatic Hospital, settled in Boston, and engaged in general practice, filling various public positions with credit and honor, and died on June 8, i866. Dr. Luther V. Bell was born in Chester, New Hampshire, De- cember 30, 1806 , son of Hon, Samuel Bell, successively Chief Justice, Governor, and United States Senator from New Hamp- shire. He entered Bowdoin College at twelve years of age, and grad- uated in 1823, He received his medical degree from Dartmouth College in 1826, and subsequently pursued his medical studies in Europe. He commenced and pursued the practice of medicine and surgery in the towns of Brunswick and Derry, New Hamp- shire, with success in both departments, and interested himself largely in sanitary and philanthropic measures, tending to the elevation of his profession and the general welfare of the peo- ple. In 1834 he was awarded the Boylston Prize Medal for a dissertation on the dietetric regimen best fitted for the inhabi- 39 tants of New England. In 1835 he presented an essay on die External Exploration of Diseases, which forms the first third of the ninth volume of the Library of Practical Medicine. He subsequently put forth a small volume, entitled. Ah attempt to investigate some obscure and undecided doctrines in relation to small pox and varioliform diseases. He labored earnestly in the establishment of the New Hampshire Asylum for thp Insane, was elected to tb.e General Court with the special object of urging forward this measure, and made a very able report on the num- ber and condition of the insane of that State, and the means of providing for them. While attending a second session of the Legislature and pressing this object, he received very unexpectedly the intelligence of his having been appointed physician and Su- perintendent of the McLean Asylum for the Insane. He was ap- pointed during the latter part of 1836, and entered upon his official duties at the beginning of the next year. He was an early and earnest advocate for the introduction of steam and hot water, and mechanical power, as the proper and only suitable mode of warming and ventilating hospitals, and the McLean Asylum, over w^hich he presided, was the first institution in which a circulation of hot water was successfully employed for warm'ing a large inflowing current of air. In 1845, on the solicitation of the Trustees of the Butler Hos- pital for the Insane, at Providence, Rhode Island, then in con- templation, the Trustees of the Massachusetts General Hospital, of which the McLean Asylum is a branch, gave Dr. Bell leave of absence to visit Europe, that he might, after a comparison of the institutions of the old world, be enabled to devise a plan of hos- pital embodying all that was excellent and desirable then known to the profession. After his return he presented the plan of that establishment which has so fully met the highest hopes of his friends. He was for two years President of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and his inaugural address was on Ventilation. He S'.ibsequently published a small volume, entitled. The prac- 40 tical method of ventilating buildings, with an appendix on heat- ing by steam and hot water. He was one of the original members of this Association, and its President from 1850 to 1855. He held the post of Executive Councillor in the administra- tion of Governor Briggs, in 1850, and was a member of the Committee of Pardons, to which was referred two cases famous in the annals of crime in Massachusetts. That of Daniel Pear- son, convicted of the murder of his wife and infant twin chil- dren, and that of Prof. J. W. Webster, for the murder of Dr. George Parkman. He was the candidate of the Whig party in the Seventh Congressional District of Massachusetts, in 1853, but though receiving a plurality of votes in the first trial, was beaten on the second by the union of the two opposing parties on the same candidate. He was also a delegate to the Convention for revising the State Constitution, He resigned his position as Superintendent of the McLean Asylum in the fall of 1856, the state of his health urging this step. In addition to impaired health from pulmonary disease, he had lost children one after another, at the most touching epochs of parental attachment, and under the highest hopes. The death of his estimable wife filled the measure of his domestic sorrow. From the McLean Asylum he removed to his private residence, in Monument Square, Charlestown. Here his life was not a retirement, as he was constantly con- sulted in cases of insanity and other cerebral and nervous affec- tions, and on questions of medico-legal character. At the breaking out of the rebellion, he was among the first to offer his services to the Government. He went as Surgeon os the nth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers, but was soon promoted to the position of Brigade Surgeon to Gen. Hooker's Division, on the Lower Potomac. He died in camp quite suddenly from endocarditis, on Febru- ary II, 1862. 41 He was known to the older members of this Association as the able alienist physician, his great skill in the detection of dis- ordered mental manifestations,, by his elaborate description of that form of acute mania, so often described as Bell's disease, by his genial qualities and his earnest persevering efforts to ad- vance the specialty to the highest rank. The eleventh annual meeting of the Association was held at the Spencer House, in the City of Cincinnati, commencing at lo o'clock A. M., of May 19, 1856. The following members were present : Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto, Canada. Dr. Andrew McFarland, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Illinois. Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- diana. Dr. J. J, Mcllhenney, Superintendent elect of the Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. Joshua Clements, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, Manhattanville, New York. Dr. J. J. Quinn, Hamilton County Lunatic Asylum, Cincin- nati, Ohio. Dr. O. M. Langdon, Superintendent elect of Hamilton County Lunatic xAsylum, Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. John P. Gray, New York State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 42 Dr. William A. Cheatham, Tennessee Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. Edward Mead, Retreat for the Insane, Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, Wash- ington, District of Columbia. Dr. E. H. VanDeusen, Michigan Asylum for the Insane, Kal- amazoo. Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. R. Hills, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. G. E. Ells, late of Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Colum- bus, Ohio. Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn- sylvania. Dr. R. C. Hopkins, Superintendent elect of Newburg (O.) Lunatic Asylum, Newburg, Ohio. Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York City Lunatic Asylum, New York. Dr. VV. S. Chipley, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- tucky. Dr. John E. Tyler, Lunatic Asylum, Concord, New Hamp- shire. Dr. R. B. Baisely, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, New York. Dr. S. Hanbury Smith, formerly of the Columbus Lunatic Asy- lum, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. G. C. S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mass- achusetts. In the absence of the President, Dr. Fonerden was appointed President j^ri? /em. The number of papers read on various subjects connected with the specialty was large, and the discussions earnest and interest- ing. The plans of the new Institution for the Insane of Ham- ilton county, near Cincinnati, were laid before the Association for examination, and such suggestions as the members might 43 think proper to make. The plans were referred to a special com- mittee, who reported various alterations and improvements in the plans, and also recommended that the Architect be authorized by the Commissioners to visit the different institutions in actual op- eration. The Association were the recipients of numerous courtesies and attentions from the trustees of the different institutions in and around Cincinnati, and also from several gentlemen having large vineyards which they had full opportunities of examining. The Association adjourned on May 22, 1856, to meet in New York. Dr. J. J. Quinn is still living and practicing medicine in Cin- cinnati. Dr. Geo. E. Ells died in the fall of 1867, of Bright's disease. Dr. R. B. Baisely was the first physician who had charge of the present Asylum at Flatbush, into which the patients were moved in October, 1855, and remained about eighteen months, and then went into practice in Rockaway, Long Island, where he now lives. The twelfth annual meeting was held at the Metropolitan Hotel, in the city of New York, commencing at 10 A. M., on May 19, 1857. The following members were present : Dr. John E. Tyler, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New Hampshire. Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Superintendent elect Asylum for the In- sane, Concord, New Hampshire. Dr. W. H. Rockwell, Asylum for Insane, Brattleboro', Ver- mont. Dr. Chauncey Booth, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- setts. 44 Dr, Merrick Bemis, State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Mass- achusetts. Dr. G. C. S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mass- achusetts. Dr. Clement A. Walker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, South Bos- ton. Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. Dr. N. Cutter, Pepperell, Massachusetts. Dr. I. Ray, Butler Hospital for the Insane, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- ticut. Dr. D, Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. Dr. J. W, Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, Long Island. Dr. Pliny Earle. Dr. H. W. BuelL Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York City Lunatic Asylum, New York. Dr. John V. Lansing, Kings county Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, Long Island. Dr. Benjamin Ogden, Sanford Hall, Flushing, Long Island. Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey. Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Philadelphia. Dr. Joshua H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Pennsylvania. Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg. Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore. Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Institution, Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Flospital for the Insane, Washington, District of Columbia. 45 Dr. Edward C Fisher, Asylum for the Insnne, Raleigh, North Carolina, Dr. R, C. Hopkins, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, New- burg, Ohio. Dr. J. J. ]\lcllhenny, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. Vv'illiam Mount, Hamilton County Lunatic Asylum, near Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- diana. Dr. Andrew McFarland, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Illinois. Dr. E. H. VanDeusen, Asylum for Insane, Kalamazoo, Mich- igan. Dr. James Douglas, Lunatic x^sylum, Quebec, Canada East. Dr. James A. DeWolf, Provincial Asylum for the Insane, Hal- ifax, Novia Scotia. An interesting incident of the meeting was the presentation, for examination by the members, of the photographs of four gen- erations of the Tuke family, commencing with William Tuke, who took so prominent a part in the amelioration of the con- dition of the insane in England, in 1788, The plan of the department for males of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, then in course of erection 3 and also the plan for a new institution for the criminal insane, at Auburn, New York, were laid before the Association for examination. After the reading and discussion of many interesting papers, and the visiting of the different institutions in and around the city of New York, and also the reception of many courtesies from various gentlemen, the Association adjourned on May 22, 1857, to meet in Quebec, in June, 1858. Dr. Chauncey Booth died on January 12, 1858, aged 41 years. Dr. Booth had suffered under marked pulmonary disease ever since the winter of 1850-51. Cavities in one lung were distinctly diagnosed as far back as that date, and the evidence of slow but continuous progress were manifest until the scene closed. If 46 there were ever an unequivocal example of will-power, in sus- pending and retarding the certain march of phthisis, it was in this case. Looking his symptoms daily in the face, he seemed to feel that he had an enemy to be met, and that every foot of ground was to be contested w^ith him. As brave as any hero who ever faced the cannon's mouth, he never allowed his stern and unrelenting foe to gain upon him by intimidation. He kej t coolly at work, subverting the approach of the enemy by every strategic means which science and experience furnished to his aid, but no panic, no disheartening yielding, ever lost him an inch in the contest. And as if to determine a victory in favor of the unintimidated contestant, phthisis did not win its usually easy and certain triumph. Two months before Dr. Booth's disease, when the consumptive symptons had scarcely a more prominent place than they had had for six or eight years, Bright' s disease set in with its distinct features. The noble victim recognized the fatal weight of this unexpected ally, and calmly yielded to the over- w^helming forces of the combined enemy. The immediate approach of death was met in the same spirit which had marked the entire onward march of the enemy. There was neither bravado, nor boast, nor affected indifference. He set his house in order as deliberately as one arranges for a dis- tant journey, and when the last moments were approaching, he desired that his only child, a boy of some seven or eight sum- mers, weeping at the scene, should be removed so as to escape the lasting impression of the ph}sical effects of the struggle, "/>/ articido 7Ho?'tis.'" He had been assistant physician at Brattleboro', Augusta, and at Somerville. Ue did not leave much for the literature of our specialty. Beginning our work at twenty years of age, he la- bored without intermission with us to the close, and he never un- til the last two years, when every moment was crowded with duties, would have consented to put himself forward as an in- structor of others. And this modesty was perfectly sincere. In 1847 he drew up, and that only by request, an account of an epidemic dysentery of some eighty cases, at the Asylum, which commanded the highest encomiums of the late Dr.' Fisher, the 47 best pathologist of his time and place. Dr. Booth's only hos- pital report will stand as a bright memorial of what the man was, while, as the trustees in their report indicate, his papers in their files demonstrate what he would have been as chief of a great hospital for the insane. A striking feature of his personal character w^as his eminent, social, genial wit, an instinctive power of seizing and grouping together the most unexpected and incongruous images, all most telling and illustrative of the subject matter in point, yet unlike the almost inseperable incident of the ordinary possession of this dangerous gift, never leaving behind one sting, or a single al- lusion which any party could repeat. He went on through life, not merely " without an enemy," giving the idea in its stale and well-worn phrase, but absolutely without a suspicion of what an enemy might be. A remarkable feature of Dr. Booth's character was, that while he had never been " in the world," he had as complete and saga- cious an idea of its entire system, as if he had plunged into the perplexities of trade, the struggles of ambition, and the debase- ment of the passions. He passed from the pure circle of the family of a Connecticut clergyman, the father as marked for a holy simplicity, as the mother was for the traits which character- ized the son, into the wards of a great lunatic hospital, thence to another, thence to a third, and thence — to his reward. No man of the age of forty, in this community, can be found on search, who ever passed so few days away from the immediate fields of his daily duty. "Like all other men devoted to one absorbing pursuit, he had his own pet pleasures, his peculiar side avocations, to which he loved to steal after every call of duty was over, and in the still- ness of the household fireside. Yet few men of that great com- pany of those who knew him in the same pursuit as themselves, could probably ever have conjectured wherein that specific taste would have shown itself. It was in the study of the ecclesiasti- cal history of New England. The strong point of Dr. Booth's professional character was an 48 absolute identification with the insane. If not born within hos- pital walls, he had passed his whole actual life within them, and never seemed to dream of being anywhere else. No man seemed so perfectly to enter into the insane nature of those around him. Buried with him in the quiet shades of the Cemetery of Mount Auburn was no common measure of that mighty talent of dealing with the insane mind, which, as was well observed by one of the great masters of our art, ''can be acquired, but never can be communicated. It must die with its possessor." Resolutions on the Death of Dr. Chaimcey Booth, offered by Dr. J. E. Tyler, June 8, 1858 : Resolved, That the death of Dr. Chauncey Booth is felt to be an irreparable loss to this Association, and that we offer to his family our sincere sympathy and condolence in this our mutual bereave- ment. Dr. Nehemiah Cutter died at Pepperell, Massachusetts, on March 15, 1859. Dr Cutter was a native of New Hampshire, and a graduate of Dartmouth College. His name had for more than forty years been known in connection with the Private Asy- lum for Nervous Invalids, established by him at Pepperell, and he was also one of the original members of the Association. An incident which occurred near the close of Dr. Cutter's life, best illustrates the character and ability of the man. In a single hour the devouring elements laid in ashes the accumulation of a la- borious life. In every sense of the word his occupation seemed to be gone. To rebuild for the same purpose would have been out of the question. Nothing daunted, however, he assumed immediately the long laid aside duties of common professional life, and won as a practicing physician, when close upon three score and ten, the fresh confidence of the community in wdiich he lived and died. The thirteenth meeting of the Association was held at Russell's 49 hotel, in the city of Quebec, Canada East, commencing at lo o'clock A. M,, of June 8, 1858. The following members were present : Dr. Isaac Ray, of the Butler Hospital for the Insane, Prov- idence, Rhode Island. Dr. Thomas F. Green, State Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville, Georgia. Dr. William B= Williamson, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Mississippi. Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- diana. Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto, Canada. Dr. W. S. Chipley, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- tucky. Dr. James Douglas, Joseph Morrin and C. Fremont, of the Quebec Lunatic Asylum. Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. Dr. J. V. Lansing, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, New York. Dr. G. C. S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mas- sachusetts. Dr. J. J. Mcllhenney, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Day- ton, Ohio. Dr. R. Hills, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. William Mount, Hamilton County Lunatic Asylum, Cin- cinnati, Ohio. Dr. E. H, Van Deusen, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Dr. Edward A. Smith, Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. John E. I'yler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- setts. 50 Dr. W. H. Rockwell, Hospital for the Insane, Brattleboro', Vermont, Dr. M. Bemis, State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Massachu- setts. Dr. H. M. Harlow, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, Maine. Dr. Andrew ]\IcFarland, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Illinois. Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York City Lunatic Asylum- Dr. Samuel Grimes and Henry Brady, Esq., Commissioners of the Indiana Hospital for the Insane, and Governors VV. F. Pickney and B. F. Pickney, of the New York City Lunatic Asy- lum, were invited to attend the meeting of the Association. Dr. Nichols resigned the Secretaryship of the Association, and Dr. Curwen was elected in his place. Many papers of great interest and value were read and dis- cussed ; and under the courteous guidance of Drs. Douglas, Mor- rin and Fremont, the members had the opportunity of visiting all the public institutions of the city of Quebec, and also all objects of interest in the neighborhood. The Association adjourned on Thursday, June lo, T858, to meet in Lexington. Kentucky. Dr. William B. Williamson was removed, during the year 185S, from the Superintendency of the Mississippi Hospital for the In- sane. Dr. J, V. Lansing resigned in 1853, and has since been in practice in Albany, New Y'ork. Dr. R. C. Hopkins was elected Assistant Physician of the Central Oliio Lunatic Asylum in the spring 0^1844, and remained there four years. From that time^ till the spring of 1856, he was in private practice in Cleveland, Ohio. In April, 1856, he was chosen Superintendent of the Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, at Newburg, where he remained till December, 1858, when he again engaged in general practice. In 1862 he entered the ser- vice of the L'nited States Sanitary Commission as Medical In- spector, and it was in the labor of establishing a hospital for 51 soldiers at Memphis, Tennessee, that he contracted the disease — typhoid pneumonia — of which he died. The fourteenth annual meeting was held at the Phoenix Hotel in the city of Lexington, Kentucky, commencing at lo o'clock A. M. of May 17, 1859. The following members were present : Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- diana. Dr. J. D. Barkdull, Insane Asylum, Jackson, Louisiana. Dr. G. C. S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mass- achusetts. Dr. VV. S. Chipley, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- tucky. Dr. W. A. Cheatham, State Lunatic Hospital, Nashville, Ten- nessee. Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. R. Hills, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. O, C. Kendrick, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, New- burg, Ohio. Dr. Robert Kells, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Mississippi. Dr. Andrew McFarland, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Illinois. Dr. J. J. Mcllhenney, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. William Mount, Hamilton County Lunatic Asylum, Cin- cinnati^ Ohio. Dr. F. G. Montgomery, Western Lunatic Asylum, Hopkins- ville, Kentucky. Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, ^Vashington, District of Columbia. Dr. R. J. Patterson, formerly of Hospital for the Insane, In- dianapolis, Indiana. 52 Dr. Joseph A- Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri- Dr. Nichols acted as Secretary /r*? tern. Dr. A. McFarland was elected President, in place of Dr. Ray, who resigned. Resoliiiion on Dr. Ray's resignation, offered by Dr. C. H. Nichols, May jg, i8sg. Resolved, That the thanks of the Association be tendered to Dr. Ray, the late President of the Association, for his able, impartial and dignified discharge of the duties of that office. Letters of credit were directed to be given to tlie British and other kindred European Associations, by the officers of the As- sociation, to Drs. Chipley and Workman, who proposed visiting Europe. Resoliitio?i o?i the death of Dr. N. C idler, offered by Dr. G. C. S. Choate, May ly , i8^g Inasmuch as Dr. Nehemiah Cutter, an old and honored member of this Association, has deceased since our last meeting, after a long life of usefulness, nearly forty years of which was devoted to the treat- ment of the insane : therefore, Resolved, That in his death we have lost a valued associate and friend, whose interest in our Association was untiring and worthy of imitation ; whose zeal in the advancement of our profession con- tinued unimpaired in advanced age, and whose genial manners and benevolent heart endeared him to all. Several interesting papers were read ; and the members were very courteously entertained by the citizens of Lexington, and after a very pleasant meeting, the Association adjourned on the 19th of June, 1859, to meet in Philadelphia. Dr. Mount, after leaving the Hamilton County Lunatic Asy- lum, in i860, resided and practiced in Cincinnati, and died in Philadelphia, February 17, 1866, from an injury received by be- ing run over by a carriage. 53 The fifteenth annual meeting was held at the Continental Hotel, in the city of Philadelphia, commencing on May 28, i860, at 10 o'clock, A. M. The following members were pres- ent : Dr. James S. Atlion, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana. Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, Manhattan ville. New York. Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- ticut. Dr. S. W. Butler, Insane Department of the Philadelphia Alms- house. Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey. Dr. William A. Cbeatham, Tennessee Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. W. S. Chipley, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- tucky. Dr. George Cook, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. H. M. Harlow, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, Maine. Dr. R. Hills, Central C^hio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. O. C.^endrick, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, New- burg, Ohio. Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Andrew McFarland, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Illinois. Dr. J. J. Mcllhenny, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, Wash- ington, District of Columbia. Dr. William H. Prince, State Lunatic Hospital, Northampton, Massachusetts. Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. 54 Dr. Joseph A. Reed. Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. VV. H. Rockwell, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro', Vermont. Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. Dr. John E. Tyler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- setts.' Dr. John Waddell, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New P)runswick. Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn- sylvania. Dr. Benjamin Ogden, Sanford Hall, Flushing, Long Island. Dr. Edward Hall, Asylum for Criminal Insane, Auburn, New York. Dr. J. M. Cleveland, Assistant Physician of State Lunatic Asy- lum, Utica, New York. Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Institution, Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. E. H. VanDeusen, Asylum for Insane, Kalamazoo, Mich- igan. Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Lunatic Asylum, Concord, New Hamp- shire. Dr. Edward R. Chapin, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flat- bush, Long Island, New York. Dr. L. A. Tourtellot, Assistant Physician State Lunatic Asy- lum, Utica, New York. Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto, Canada West. General Allan MacDonald, of Sanford Hall. Dr. Joseph Parrish, of Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble Minded Children, Media, Pennsylvania. Mordecai L. Dawson and William Biddle, of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane. Dr. H. B. Wilbur, of the Asylum for Idiots, Syracuse, New York. Dr. James Rodman, of Kentucky School for Imbecile and Idiotic Children. 55 Rev. Dr. Samuel Adams, Chaplain of the Eastern Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, was invited to attend the sessions of the Asso- ciation. Many interesting and valuable papers were read and discussed during this meeting, and the Association visited the Hospitals for the Insane, and a large number of public buildings in Phila- delphia, and adjourned on Thursday evening, May 21, i860, to meet in Providence, Rhode Island. In consequence of the disturbed state of the country, caused by the breaking out of the war in April, 1861, the President sent circulars to the different members, requesting them to express to the Secretary "their views of the expediency of postponing for one year, in consideration of the disturbed state of affairs, the meeting appointed to be held in Providence, Rhode Island, on June II, 1861." The answer to that circular showed that twenty-one of the members favored postponement, and eight did not, so that the meeting was postponed for one year. The sixteenth annual meeting was held at the City Hotel, Prov- idence, Rhcde Island, commencing at 10 o'clock, A. M., of June 10, 1862. In the absence of the President and Vice President, Dr. Rock- well was chosen President /;' H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, Wash- ington, District of Columbia, Dr. Ralph L. Parsons, New York City Lunatic Asylum, Dr. William Porter, Spring Hill Institution, Litchfield, Con- necticut. Dr. Mark Ranney, Hospital for Insane, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Dixmont, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Dr. D. D. Richardson, Department for the Insane, Philadel- phia Hospital, Dr, William H, Rockwell, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro', Vermont. Dr. John W, Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, Dr. A, M. Shew, General Hospital for the Insane, Middle- town, Connecticut. Dr. William F, Steuart, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Dr. C. A, Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr, J, H, Worthington, Friends' Asylum for the Insane, Frankford, Pennsylvania. Also the following gentlemen by invitation : Dr, John L, Atlee, Delegate of the American Medical Asso- sociation. Dr. Wilmer Worthington, General Agent and Secretary of the Board of Public Charities of Pennsylvania. S6 Dr. James P. White, President of the Board of Managers- of the Buffalo State Asylum for the Insane. Dr. H. B. Wilbur, Asylum for Idiots, Syracuse, New York. Dr. George Brown, Institution for Feeble Minded Youth, Barre. Massachusetts. Dr. H. M. Knight, School for Imbeciles, Lakeville, Connec- ticut. Dr. J. H. Woodburn, Commissioner of Insane Hospital, In- dianapolis, Indiana. Dr. E. T. Elkins, Commissioner of Insanity for California. Luke Palmer, Trustee of Iowa Hospital for the Insane. L. F. Boughton, President of Board of Trustees of State Lun- atic Asylum, Milledgeville, Georgia. Frederick H. Wines, Secretary of Boord of Charities of Illi- nois. Dr. G. Seguin, New York. Dr. E. C. Seguin, New York City. Dr. Kirkbride resigned the office of President, and Dr. John S- Butler was chosen President; Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Vice President, and Dr. John Curwen, Secretary and Treasurer. Dr. John Curwen was appointed delegate to the American Medical Association to be held in San Francisco, and Dr. G. A. Shurtleff, Alternate. Dr. J. W. Barstow read a sketch of the life of Dr. Edward Hall, late of the Asylum for Criminal Insane at Auburn, New York, who died at Messina, Sicily, on April 28, 1870. Toronto, Canada, was selected as the next place of meeting, and the first Tuesday of June, 1871, as the time. Dr, Jarvis presented the report of the Committee on Statistics, which was, on motion, made the special order for the next meet- ing of the Association in 187 1. The Association visited the Retreat for the Insane at Hartford, and also the General Hospital for the Insane at Middletown. 87 The twenty-fifth annual meeting was held in Toronto, Ontario, commencing on June 6, 187 1. The following members were present : Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New Hampshire. Dr. D. T. Brow^i, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York City. Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- ticut. Dr. T. B. Camden, Superintendent elect Hospital for the In- sane, Weston, West Virginia. Dr. John Clopton, Assistant Physician, Eastern Lunatic Asy- lum, Williamsburg, Virginia. Dr. William M. Compton, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Mississippi. Dr. D. B. Conrad, Central Lunatic Asylum, near Richmond, Virginia. Dr. George Cook, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. James. R. DeWolf, Provincial Hospital for the Insane, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Dr. John R. Dickinson, Kingston Asylum, Ontario, Canada. Dr. J. F. Ensor, Lunatic Asylum, Columbia, South Carolina. Dr. Orpheus Everts, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- diana. Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. Eugene Grissom, Asylum for the Insane, Raleigh, North Carolina. Dr. Richard Gundry, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. C. H. Hughes, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. Dr. T. S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania' Hospital for the Insane, Philadelphia. Dr. Henry Landor, London Asylum, Ontario, Canada. Dr. J. M. Lewis, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Newburg, Ohio. Dr. Joseph D. Lomax, Marshall Infirmary, Troy, New York, Dr. A. S. McDill, Hospital for the Insane, Madison, Wiscon- sin. Dr. A, E. McDonald, Assistant Physician, Lunatic Asylum.. Ward's Island, New York. Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the In sane, Washington, District of Columbia. Dr. R, L. Parsons, New York City Lunatic Asylum, New York. Dr. Mark Ranney, Iowa Hospital for the Insane, Mt. Pleasant,, Iowa. Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Joseph A. Reed, W^estern Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Dixmont, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania. Dr. Henry Riedel, Ward's Island Emigrant Hospital for the Insane, New York. Dr. F. P. Roy, Quebec Lunatic Asylum. Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. A. M. Shew, General Hospital for the Insane, Middle- town, Connecticut. Dr. John Waddell, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New Brunswick. Dr. Clement A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachu- setts. Dr. John W. Whitney, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Kentucky. Dr. Joseph Workman, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, Canada. Also the following gentlemen by invitation ; Dr. George Brown, Private Institution for Feeble Minded Youth, Barre, Massachusetts. Samuel D. Hastings, Secretary State Board of Charities and Reform, Wisconsin. Dr. Edward R. Hun, Albany, New York. J. AV, Langmuir, Esq., Inspector of xA.sylums, &c., Province of Ontario. H. M. Skillman, Commissioner of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum; Lexington, Kentucky. 89 Dr. H. B. Wilbur, New York Asylum for Idiots, Syracuse, New York. Dr. Curwen gave a sketch of the life of Dr. N. D. Benedict, and offered the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted. Beao.'ird, That this Association has heard, with deep and unfeigned regret, of the death of oar late associate and member, Dr. N. D.Ben- edict, who was for many years an earnest, faithful, highly esteemed, and greatly beloved member of this Association; and that we most sincerely sympathize with his family in the great loss which they have sustained, and rejoice that they and we have an example in his life of all that was noble, pure and true. Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be forwarded to the family. The following resolutions, offered by Dr. Kirkbride, were unan- imously adopted. Resolved, That this Association re-affirms, in the most emphatic manner, its former declarations in regard to the construction and or- ganization of Hospitals for the Insane ; and it would take the present occasion to add that, at no time since these declarations were origin- ally made, has anything been said or done to change, in any respect its frequently expressed and unequivocal conviction on the follow- ing points, derived, as they have been, from the patient, varied and long-continued observations of its members : First. That a very large majority of those suffering from mental disease can no where else be as well or as successfully cared for, for tlie cure of their maladies, or be made as comfortable, if not curable, with equal protection to the patient and the community, as indwell- arranged hospitals, specially provided for the treatment of the insane Second. That neither humanity, economy or expediency can make it desirable that the care of the recent and chronic insane should be in separate institutions. Third. That those institutions, especially if provided at the public cost, should always be of a plain but substantial character ; and while characterized by good taste, and fitrnished with everything' essential to the health and comfort and successful treatment of the patients, all extravagant embellishments and every unnecessary ex- penditure should be carefully avoided. Fourth. That no expense that is required to provide just as many <»f these hospitals as may be necessary to give the most enlightened 90 care to all their insane can properly be regarded as either unwise, inexpedient or beyond the means of any one of the United States or British Provinces. A sketch of the life of Dr. John Fonerden, prepared by Dr. Stribling, at the request of the Association, was read at this meeting. Madison, Wisconsin, was selected as the next place of meeting, on the last Tuesday of May, 1872. Dr. Nathan D. Benedict was born in Otsego county, New York, on April 7, 1815. Graduated with honor in 1837, at Rutgers College, New Brunswick, New Jersey, and commenced the study of medicine immediately after. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in the spring of 1 841, and at once engaged in practice in Philadelphia, where he was successfully pursuing his profession when he was appointed Medical Superintendent of the Philadelphia Almshouse in 1846. He was chosen Superintendent of the State Lunatic Asylum at Utica, New York, in the fall of 1849. While engaged in direct- ing the necessary alterations for the heating and ventilation of that building, he was taken with pneumonia, attended by profuse hemorrhage, and when able to be about after many months of confinement, he was recommended to spend the winter of 1853-4 in Florida. Resigning his position with the greatest reluctance, for hie heart was in the work, he removed to Florida in the fall of 1855, and opened an Institution for Invalids at Magnolia. In this he succeeded well until the breaking out of the rebellion, which virtually compelled him to give up his intentions, as the Government took charge of his buildings for hospital purposes, and he removed to St. Augustine, w^here he continued to reside and filled several offices of honor and trust. He died on April 30, 1871. Dr. John Fonerden was born in the city of Baltimore, in the year 1802. He commenced the practice of medicine in that city, and in the earlier portion of his professional life, devoted himself es- 91 pecially to midwifery, and became in this line, one of the most popular and most reliable practioners in the city. He was elected Resident Physician of the Maryland Hospital in June, 1S46, and continued in that position until his death in April, 1869, greatly respected and esteemed by all who knew him. Dr. Kirkbride, from the Committee on Didactic and Clinical Instruction in Insanity, offered the following resolutions which were unanimously adopted : Resolved, That in view of the frequency of mental disorders among all classes and descriptions of people, and in recognition of the fact that the first care of nearly all of these cases necessarily devolves upon physicians engaged in general practice, and this at a period when sound views of the disease and judicious modes of treatment are specially important, it is the unanimous opinion of this Associa- tion that in every school conferring medical degrees, there should be delivered by competent professors, a complete course of lectures on insanity and on medical jurisprudence, as connected with disorders' of the mind. Resolved, That these lectures should be delivered before all the students attending these schools, and that no one should be allowed to graduate without as thorough an examination on these subjects as in the other branches taught in the schools. Resolved, That in corinection with these lectures, whenever practi- cable, there should be clinical instructions, so arranged that, while giving the student practical illustrations of the different forms of in- sanity and the effects of treatment, they should in no way be detri- mental to the patients. The members of the Association visited the Asylum for the Insane at London, Ontario, and held the closing meeting of the Association in that Institution. The twenty-sixth annual meeting was held at Madison, Wis- 92 consin, commencing at lo A. M., of May 28, 1872. The fol- lowing members were present during the sessions : Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New- Hampshire. Dr. C. K. Bartlett, Hospital for the Insane, St. Peter, Minne- sota. Dr. D. R. Brower, Eastern Lunatic Asyhim, Williamsburg, Virginia. Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- ticut. Dr. R. G. Cabell, Jr., Assistant Physician, Central Lunatic Asylum, Richmond, Virginia. Dr. J. H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Ten- nessee. Dr. T. B. Camden, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West Vir- ginia. Dr. H. F. Carriel, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Illi- nois. Dr. John B. Chapin, Williard Asylum for the Insane, Willard, New York. Dr. William M. Compton, Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, IVIis- sissippi. Dr. John Curvven, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. T. P. Dudley, Jr., Assistant Physician, Eastern Lunatic Asy- lum, Lexington, Kentucky. Dr. J. F. Ensor, Lunatic x'\sylum, Columbia, South Carolina. Dr. F. T. Fuller, Assistant Physician, Asylum for the Insane, Raleigh, North Carolina. Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. William Hamilton, Assistant Physician, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, Virginia. Dr. W. W. Hester, Aesistant Physician, Hospital for the In- sane, Indianapolis, Indiana. Dr. C. H. Hughes, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. Dr. Edward A. Kilbourne, Hospital for the Insane, Elgin, Il- linois. 93 Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Henry Landor, Lunatic Asylum, London, Ontario. Dr. J. M. Lewis, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Newburg, Ohio. Dr. A. S. McDill, Hospital for the Insane, Madison, Wis- consin. Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government LTospital for the In- sane, Washington, District of Columbia. Dr. R. J. Patterson, Bellevue Place, Batavia, Illinois. Dr. William L. Peck, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. Mark Ranney, Hospital for the Insane, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. Dr. D. D. Richardson, Department for the Insane, Almshouse, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Henry Riedel, Emigrant Hospital for the Insane, Ward's Island, New York. Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. A. M. Shew, General Hospital for the Insane, Middle- town, Connecticut, Dr. G. A. Shurtleff, Asylum for the Insane, Stockton, Cali- ifornia. Dr. Charles W. Stevens, County Lunatic Asylum, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. William. F. Steuart, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Mary- land . Dr. E. H, Van Deusen, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Dr. C. A. W^alker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Joseph J. Webb, Longview Asylum; Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. James W. Wilkie, State Lunatic Asylum for Insane Crim- inals, Auburn, New York, Dr. Joseph Workman, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, On- tario. Dr. Joshua H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 94 Dr. J. H. Woodburn, Indianapolis, Indiana. Also by invitation : Dr. Genet Conger, Trustee of Willard Asylum for the Insane. Willard, New York. Rev. A. H. Kerr, of St. Peter, Minnesota, vSecretary of the Board of Trustees of the State Hospital for the Insane of Min- nesota. Mr. M. L. Fisher, President of the Board of Trustees of the Iowa State Hospital for the Insane. Dr. Brown, of Madison, Wisconsin.' W. R. Taylor, E. W. Young, Trustees of the Wisconsin State Hospital for the Insane. Dr. John Faville, President of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin. Dr. William M, Compton gave a biographical sketch of Dr. A. B. Cabaniss. Alfred B. Cabaniss was born in the city of Huntsville, in the State of Alabama, on the yth day of December, 1808, and died in Hinds county, Mississippi, on the 21st day of November, 1 87 1, not quite sixty-three years old. Dr. Cabaniss received a diploma from the Transylvania University at Lexington, Ken- tucky, in 1833, and in 1835 was admitted to the ad eundem degree at the Jefferson College in Philadelphia. Resettled in the town of Raymond, in Hinds county, more than thirty years ago, and afterwards removed to the city of Jackson, where he made a rep- utation for skill and kindness not surpassed by any member of the profession in Mississippi. During the war he was not an idle spectator, but at an early day offered his services to the sick and wounded Confederate soldiers, and for a long time was Post Surgeon at the city of Jackson. Soon after the war he was appointed Superintendent of the Mississippi State Lunatic Asylum. While he was "the good man of the House," about four years, we know that he attached to himself, not only the employes of the household, but the patients also, who regarded him as their father. Nowhere, perhaps, ex- 95 cept in his own immediate family circle, did his death cast a sadder gloom than it did upon the household of the Lunatic Asylum. Dr. Kirkbride presented resolutions in regard to overcrowding hospitals, which were unanimously adopted, as follows : Resolved, That this Association regards the custom of admitting a greater number of patients than the buildiny;s can properly accom- modate, which is now becoming so common in hospitals for the in- sane in nearly every section of the country, as an evil of great mag- nitude, productive of extraordinary dangers, subversive of the good order, perfect discipline and greatest usefulness of these institutions, and of the best interests of the insane. Resolved, That this Association, having repeatedly affirmed its well- matured convictions of the humanity, expediency and economy of every State making ample provision for all its insane, regards it as an important means of effecting this object that these institutions should be kept in the highest state of efficiency, and the difference in condition of patients treated in them and those kept in alms- houses, jails, or even private houses, be thus most clearly demon- strated. Resolved ,1hi\X while fully reco<:nizing the great suffering and serious loss that must result to individuals by their exclusion from hospitals when laboring under an attack of insanity, this Association fully be- lieves that the greatest good will result to the greatest number, and at the earliest day, by the adoption of the course now indicated. Resolved, That the boards of management of the different hos})itals on this continent, be urged, most earnestly, to adopt such measures as will effectually prevent more patients being admitted into their respective institutions, than, in the opinions of their superintend- ents, can be treated with the greatest efficiency, and without impair- ing the welfare of their fellow sufferers. Resolved, That the Secretary be instructed to' furnish a copy of these resolutions to the boards of management of the different hospitals for the insane in the United States and British Provinces. A committee was appointed to report on the subject of a com- petent allowance to the officers of institutions for the insane who have served a term of years in their respective institutions and, when partially incapacitated, are compelled to resign. 96 BaUimore, Maryland, was selected as the place of next meet- ing, on the fourth Tuesday of May, 1873. The Association visited the Hospital for the Insane, the Uni- versity of Wisconsin, and other objects of interest in and around IMadison. The twenty-seventh annual meeting of the Association was held in the city of Baltimore, Maryland, commencing at 10 A. M., of May 27, 1873. The following members were present during the session : Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New Hampshire. Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. Dr. C. K. Bartlett, Hospital for the Insane, St. Peter, Min- nesota. Dr. D. R. Brower, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg. Virginia. Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York City. Dr, George Syng Bryant, First Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, Lex- ington, Kentucky. Dr. John S. Butler, Hartford, Connecticut. Dr. John H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. Edward R. Chapin, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flat- bush, New York. Dr. John B. Chapin, Willard Asylum, Willard, New York. Dr. William M. Compton, State I>unatic Asylum, Jackson, Mississippi. Dr. D. B. Conrad, Central Lunatic Asylum, Richmond, Vir- ginia. Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. 97 Dr, James H. Denny, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con- r.ecticut. Dr. William H. DeWitt, Assistant Physician, Longview Asy- kim, Carthage, Ohio, Dr, Joseph Draper, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro', Ver- mont. Dr. B. D, Eastman, Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Massachu- setts. Dr. Pliny Earle, Lunatic Hospital, Northampton, Massachu- setts. Dr. M, G. Echeverria, New York. Dr. Orpheus Everts, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- diana. Dr. F. T. Fuller, Assistant Physician, Insane Asylum, Raleigh, North Carolina. Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. Thomas F. Greene, State Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville, Georgia. Dr. Richard Gundry, Lunatic Asylum, Athens, Ohio. Dr. William B. Hazard, Lunatic Asylum, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. James C. Hallock, State Emigrant Hospital for the Insane, Ward's Island, New York. Dr. George F. Jelly, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- setts. Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. A. H. Kunst, Assistant Physician, Hospital for Insane, Weston, West Virginia. Dr. Henry Landor, Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario. Dr. Edward Mead, Psychopathic Retreat, Winchester, Massa- chusetts. Dr. S. J. T. Miller, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the In- sane, Washington, District of Columbia. Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 98 Dr. Joseph A, Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Dixmont, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Dr. F. E. Roy, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada. Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, Penn- sylvania. Dr. A. M. Shew, General Hospital for the Insane, Middle- town, Connecticut. Dr. G. A. Shurtleff, Insane 'Asylum, Stockton, California. Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri, Dr. R. S. Steuart, Dr. William J. Steuart, Maryland Hospital, Catonsville, Mary- laHd. Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Retreat, Baltimore, Mary- land. Dr. Francis T. Stribling, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, Virginia. Dr. J. D. Thomson, Mt. Hope Retreat, Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. John E. Tyler, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. C. A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. E. H. Van Deusen, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Dr. R. M. Wigginton, Assistant Physician, Hospital for the Insane, Madison, Wisconsin. Dr. James W. Wilkie, State Lunatic Asylum for Insane Crim- inals, Auburn, New York. Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum for the Insane, Frankford, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Also by invitation, Dr. J. J. Mayeda, of Japan ; Dr. A. S. Ash- mead, of Philadelphia. Dr. Butler resigned the office of President, and the following officers were elected : Dr. Charles H. Nichols, President. Dr. C. A. Walker, Vice President. Dr. Ray read a paper descriptive of the qualifications of offi- 99 cers of Hospitals for the Insane, which was ordered to be printed at the expense of the Association. The following resolutions were unanimously adopted : Whereas, The President of the Board of Charities of Pennsyl- vania has requested that this Association should exj)ress its opinion in regard to the proper disposition of insane convicts : therefore, Resolved, 1. That neither the cells of penitentiaries and jails, nor the wards of ordinary hospitals for the insane are proper places for the custody and treatment of this class of the insane. 2. That when the number of this class in any State (or in any two or more adjoining States which will unite in the project) is sufficient to justify such a course, these cases should be placed in a hospital specially provided for the purpose ; and that until this can be done, they should be treated in a hospital connected with some prison, and not in the wards or in separate buildings upon any part of the grounds of an ordinary hospital for the insane. Nashville, Tennessee, was selected as the next place of meet- ing, on the third Tuesday of May, 1874. The Association visited the Maryland Hospital, Mt. Hope Re- treat, and the Shephard Hospital for the Insane. The twenty-eighth annual meeting was held in the city of Nashville, Tennessee, commencing at 10 A. M., of Tuesday, May 19, 1874. The following members were present during the ses- sions of the Association : Dr. Judson B. Andrews, Assistant Physician, State Lunatic Asy- lum, Utica, New York. Dr. H. M. Bassett, Iowa Hospital for the Insane*, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. Dr. J. E. Bowers, Assistant Physician, Hospital for the Insane, St. Peter, Minnesota. Dr. George Syng Bryant, First Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Kentucky. Dr. R. G. Cabell, Jr., Assistant Physician, Central Lunatic Asylum, Richmond, Virginia. Dr. John H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. T. B. Camden, West Virginia Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West Virginia. Dr. H. F. Carriel, Sta^e Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Illinois. Dr. William M. Compton, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Mississippi. Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. B. D. Eastman, Worcester Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts. Dr. Orpheus Everts, Indiana Hospital for the Insane, Indian- apolis, Indiana. Dr. Edward C. Fisher, Assistant Physician, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, Virginia. Dr. C. C. Forbes, Central Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, Anchor- age, Kentucky. Dr. F. T. Fuller, Assistant Physician Insane Asylum, Raleigh, North Carolina. Dr. Thomas F. Green, Georgia State Lunatic Asylum, Mill- edgeville, Georgia. Dr. Charles H. Hughes, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. George ¥. Jelley, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- setts. Dr. William P. Jones, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. E. A. Kilbourne, Hospital for the Insane, Elgin, Illinois. Dr. Stephen Lett, Assistant Physician, Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Willian^ L. Peck, Cincinnati Sanatarium, College Hill, Hamilton County, Ohio. Dr. Mark Ranney, Hospital for the Insane, Madison, Wis- consin. Dr. A. Reynolds, Iowa Hospital for the Insane, Independence, Iowa. lOI Dr, James Rodman, Second Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, Hop- kinsville, Kentucky. Dr. Abram Marvin Shew, General Hospital for the Insane, Middletown, Connecticut. Dr. Lewis Slusser, Northern Ohio Hospital for the Lisane, New burg, Ohio. Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, No. i, Fulton, Missouri. Dr. Charles F. Stewart, Nebraska Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln, Nebraska. Dr. Charles W. Stevens, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Clement A. Walker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. D. R. Wallace, Texas Lunatic Asylum, Austin, Texas. Dr. J. F. ^Vebb, Longvievv Asylum, Carthage, Ohio. Dr. James W, Wilkie, State Lunatic Asylum for Insane Crim- inals, Auburn, New York. Dr. J, H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum for the Insane, Phil- adelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. J. A. AVallis, of the Lunatic Asylum of the County of Durham, England ; Dr. Boyd, of the new Hospital for the In- sane, of East Tennessee, and Dr. Brannoch, of the new Hospital for the Insane of West Tennessee, were invited to participate in the deliberations of the Association. A biographical sketch of Dr. William H. Rockwell, prepared by Dr. Joseph Draper, w\as read. " Dr. William H. Rockwell, late Superintendent of the Ver- mont Asylum for the Insane, died at that institution on the 30th day of November, 1873, after a protracted illness of eighteen months. He was, at the time of his resignation, in August, 1872, the oldest superintendent of an asylum in the LTnited States, hav- ing received his appointment on the 28th of June, 1836, and been in active service for more than thirty-six years. He was a native of East Windsor, Connecticut, and born Feb- ruary 15, 1800. He graduated at Yale College in 1824, and at the medical department of the same institution in 1831. I02 In 1827, and while a student of Dr. Hubbard, of Pomfret. Connecticut, he received the appointment of assistant to Dr, Todd, at the Hartford Retreat. He remained connected with the Retreat most of the time until his appointment to the Ver- mont Asylum. During the illness of Dr. Todd, and after his death, he had charge of the Retreat until the appointment of Dr. Fuller, and wrote the report for the year 1834. He was married June 25, 1835, to Mrs. Maria J. Chapin, of Coventry, Connecticut. They had three children, a daughter and two sons, the youngest. Captain Charles J. Rockwell, grad- uated at West Point in 1863, and died in Washington, District of Columbia, of typho raarlarial fever in 1867. The elder, Dr. W. H. Rockwell, Jr., was associated with his father in the asy- lum, as his assistant, for ten years, and was elected his successor, in 1872, but resigned that position at the end of the year. Dr. Rockwell was an early member of the Association. He was prevented from attending the organization by reason of a bill at that time pending legislation in his own State which ex- acted his attention in behalf of the interests of the insane who might be committed to his care. He wrote but little ; his annual reports were noted for brevity, and confined mainly to the results of each year. His was a ]3rac- tical life, he indulged little in theorizing, but was wont to detail his actual observations, and to those associated with him he gave freely of his professional and practical experience. Few men possessed such qualifications for surmounting diffi- culties as he, and the history of the Institution at Brattleboro' gives tangible evidence of his indefatigable energy. He was pre-eminently self-reliant, and though he differed from some of his colleagues in the matter of policy in practical management, he was scrupulously faithful to his convictions and to his trusts. For a year and a half preceding his death he was confined to his bed, suffering most from his fractured limb, gradually wear- ing away, and sinking to his final rest ; and then it was that the strong points of his character shone out with the most striking I03 brilliancy. Realizing that his work was done, and that he had done it faithfully, he expressed his willingness to be judged by it; undisturbed by the shafts of malice and indiscriminate cen- sure, he calmly observed : " That his work would be better ap- preciated, and his motives better understood, after he had gone." And so he passed away; dying as he had lived, strong in the faith of his life-long convictions, and relying with unshaken con- fidence upon the Di\ine justice which metes out to every man the full measure of his deserts. The following resolutions, prepared by Dr. Green, were unani- mously adopted : Whereas, The Association of Medical Superintendents of Ameri- can Institutions for the Insane has received information of the utation always en- joyed by Dr. Van Anden, both as a practitioner of medicine and Super- intendent of the asylum, his excellent jjrivate character, his many Christian virtues, his uiniform courtesy and honorable intercourse with his fellows, have endeared him to the members of this Associa- tion, as well as to a large circle of admiring friends. Hesolved, That while the Association deeply sympathize with his family in their bereavement, they, with all his other friends, feel confident that when time has softened the sadness of parting, the memory of his life will be an enduring source of comfort and pleas- ure to those from whom he has been taken away. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be presented to the family of our late associate, signed by the officers of the Association. I'he following resolution, offered by Dr.AVilliam P, Jones, was unanimously adopted : AVriERE.As, It has formally been brought to the notice of the Asso- ciation that State and county authorities, having supreme direction of institutions for the insane, have, by law, departed from the sjarit and tenor of the principles and general regulations for their govern- ment which, alter observation, experience and mature deliberation, have been promulgated and recommended by this body as judicious and humane ; therefore. Resolved, That we reaffirm former utterances of the Association, as fully expressive of our views as to the i^roper manner of conducting hospitals for the insane, and that we earnestly commend these utter- ances to the favorable consideration and regard of the managers of asylums throughout the country. The greater part of the time of the Association was taken up in hearing reports from members of the progress made in -the care and management of the insane and in discussing the most recent modes of medical treatment. Hie Association adjourned to meet in Stockton, California, on the thiid Tuesday in May, 1S75. Dr. Francis T. Stribling was born January 20, 18 10, in the town of Staunton, Virginia, where he received his elementary education, and soon entered the office of his father, who was then clerk of the county of Augusta, in which he remained several years. It was jn-oloably in this position, that he acc^uired those habits of neatness, method, and order for which he was so much distinguished in after life. Having determined to adopt the medical profession, after some preparatory reading under the ad- vice of a distinguished physician of Staunton, he spent a session at the University of Virginia, and in the following year took his degree in Philadelphia. He then commenced the practice of his j)rofession in Staunton, and soon won the confidence of the public. In 1S36, at the early age of twenty-six years, he was elected by the distinguished gentlemen, who then composed the Board of Directors, Physician to the Western Lunatic Asylum. Within a few days after his election. Dr. Stribling went on a tour of ob- servation through the middle and northern States, to inspect the best regulated institutions for the insane, and to gather by ob- servation and intercourse with those in charge, all the informa- tion necessary to guide him in the discharge of his responsible duties. He returned from that tour with expanded views, and much valuable information, and became indoctrinated with the views of those who had materially advanced opinions, as to the curability of insanity in a large proportion of cases where the disease pro- ceeded from functional causes, and returned home an enthusiast in the great work, to which his future life was to be dedicated. In the autumn of 1836, he made known to the Board of Direc- tors, his views of the proper management of the institution, and invoked their assistance in appealing to the Legislature for the means of carrying them out. The Board promptly and cheerfully acceeded to the request, and an appeal made to the Legislature in December by the Board of Directors, was generously responded T08 to by that body, at that and subsequent sessions. In his annual reports of a later date, Dr. Stribling pointed out many imper- fections in the laws regulating the Asyhuiis for the Insane. During the sessions of 1840-41, the Committee of the Legisla- ture to which his recommendation had been referred, feeling their incompetency to deal intelligently with th.e subject, sum- moned the Physicians of the two Asylums, and a member of the Board of Directors of each, to appear before the Committee, to give their assistance in making a thorough revision of all the laws relating to the asylums. Upon receiving this summons. Dr. Stribling, with the aid of the members of the Board designated to accompany him, before leaving home, prepared a bill which covered the whole subject. This bill was presented to the Committee and, without material amendment, was reported and soon afterwards received the sanc- tion of both houses, and still remains in force. Dr. Stribling may therefore be considered the author of that law. From that time to the commencement of his last illnesS; he de- voted himself assiduously to the enlargment of the capacities of the institution for usefulness. To talents of high order he united unblemished integrity, and warm and generous feelings, while in the discharge of his re- sponsible duties, he exhibited inflexible firmness, and sach grace and serenity of manner, as to win the confidence and affection of all who were brought into association with him. The Association, at its meeting in Nashville, decided to meet in Stockton, California, on the third Tuesday of May, 1875, but a very large proportion of the members, in the Spring of 1875, decided that they would not go to California, and were in favor of a meeting at Auburn, New York, and in consequence of that ) I09 ilecision the twenty-ninth annual meeting was held in Auburn, and was called to order at lo A. M., of May i8, 1875. After a short address by the President, Dr. Charles H. Nichols, prayer was offered by the Rev. Dr. Condit, of Auburn, New York. On motion of Dr. Gray, it was resolved that the action of the the officers of the Association, in regard to the change of place C'f the meeting, be approved. On motion of Dr. Kirkbride, it was unanimously resolved that Dr. John Charles Bncknill, of England, be elected an hon- orary member of the Association, and be invited to take a seat and participate in the deliberations of the Association. Dr. Bucknill expressed his pleasure and gratification at this mark of esteem of the Association. Hon. Mr, Pomeroy, Mayor of the city of Auburn, then wel- comed the Association to the city, to which the President of the Association briefly responded. The following members were jjresent during the sessions of the Association : Dr. R. F. Baldwin, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, Vir- ginia. Dr. Randolph Barksdale, Central Lunatic Asylum, Richmond, Virginia. Dr. A. T. Barnes, Southern Illinois Hospital for the Insane, Anna, Illinois. Dr. C. K. Bartlett, Hospital for the Insane, St. Peter, Minne- sota. Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. Dr. D. T. Boughton, Assistant Physician, State Hospital for the Insane, Madison, Wisconsin.^ Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York City. Dr. W. H. Bunker, Longview Asylum, Carthage, Ohio. Dr. John H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. 1'. B. Camden, West Virginia Hospital for the Insane, Weston, ^'vest Virginia. I I Dr. John B. Chapin, Willard Asylum for the Insane, VViIlard, New York. Dr. John H. Clark, Western Ohio Hospital for the Insane. Dayton, Ohio. Dr. William M. Compton, Miss!ssi])pi State Lunatic Asylum. Jackson, Mississippi. Dr. J. S, Conrad, Maryland Hospital, Catonsville, Maryland. Dr. George Cook, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. Joseph Draper, Vermont Asylum for the Insane, Brattle- boro', Vermont. Dr. B. D. Eastman, Worcester Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts. Dr. Orpheus Everts, Indiana Hospital for the Insane, Indian- apolis, Indiana. Dr. F. G. Fuller, State Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln, Nebraska. Dr. W. W. Godding, Taunton Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Massachusetts. Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. Eugene Grissorn, Insane Asylum of North Carolina, Raleigh, North Carolina. Dr. Richard Gundry, Southeastern Ohio Hospital for the In- sane, Athens, Ohio. Dr. C. H. Hughes, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. George F. Jelly, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- setts. Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. A. H. Knapp, State Insane Asylum, Osawatomie, Kansas, Dr. Henry Lander, Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario. Dr. Joseph D. Lomax, Marshall Infirmary, Troy, New York. Dr. A. E. Macdonald, New York City Asylum, Ward's Island. Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald, Brooklyn, E. D. New York. Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the In- sane, Washington, District of Columbia. ( III Dr, George C. Palmer, Assistant Physician, Asylum for the In- sane, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Dr. R. L. Parsons, New York City Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island. Dr. Mark Ranney, Hospital for the Insane, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania. Dr. A. Reynolds, Hospital for the Insane, Independence, Iowa. Dr. John \V. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, Penn- sylvania. Dr. Lewis Slusser, Northern Ohio Hospital for the Insane, Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. Henry R. Stiles, State Homoeopathic Asylum for the In- sane, Middletown, New York. Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum No. i, Fulton, Mis- souri. Dr. Henry P. Stearns, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con- necticut. Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Retreat, Baltimore, Mary- land. Dr. John Waddell, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New Brunswick. Dr. Clement A. Walker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. D. R. Wallace, State Lunatic Asylum, Austin, Texas. Dr. James VV. Wilkie, State Lunatic Asylum for Insane Crini- inals, Auburn, New York. Also the following gentlemen on invitation : L. Fletcher, Trustee of Hospital for the Insane, St. Peter, Minnesota. P. H. Miller, Manager Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania. Dr. Samuel Lilly, Commissioner of the State Lunatic Asylum. Morristown, New Jersey. Dr. H. B. Wilbur, Asylum for Idiots, Syracuse, New A'ork. 112 Dr. John Ordronaiix, Commissioner in Lunacy of New York. S. H. Jameson, M. D., James S. Athon, M. D., George F. Chittenden, M. D., J. T. Richardson. ]M. D., Commissioners of Indiana Hospital for the Insane. . Col. T. G. Walton, Capt. C. B. Deusen, Commissioners of the Insane Asylum, Morganton, North Carolina. In addition to visiting the State Lunatic Asylum for Insane Convicts, at Auburn, the members of the Association also visited the Willard Asylum for the Insane, at Willard, on Seneca Lake, and the State Lunatic Asylum at Utica, New York. The following resolutions, prepared by Dr. Isaac Ray, were adopted: The Association of Medical Superintendents of Auierican Institu- tions for the Insane, having been formed for the purpose of promot- ing the welfare of the insane, regard it as one of their duties to inquire into and pass judgment upon any scheme, project or change, offered professedly with this end in view. They would be faithless to the trust they have assumed, were they to remain in silence while changes in the management of our hospitals are forced upon us, calculated to impair their usefulness and inflict a positive injury upon their inmates. The duty to speak at the present time isall the greater, in view of the fact that the objects sought for by these new measures, are sufficiently secured in the existing arrangements, and the pretended demand for them proceeds from no actual, tangible grievance, but solely from that prevalent spirit of discontent, which is ever ready to discover a fancied wrong and clamor for a change in whatever has stood the test of a little time. Were this dissatisfac- tion confined to the ordinar\^ methods of discussing evils, real or fancied, it would furnish no ground of complaint, and we would cheerfully meet it in the same way. But, without reference to us. without inquiry of any kind, in fact, it has been thrust upon us in the shape of legislation, unexceptionally mischieviousin its eflfect on the true purposes of hospitals for the insane, and thus it is that in- stitutions whfch should be managed on well-matured, intelligent principles, their course guided by one animating spirit, taking in all the circumstances of the situation, are disturbed by an intrusive ele- ment, having with them no kind of affiliation, and calculated, in the nature of things, to destroy that harmony of action which is indis- pensable to the highest measure of success. Believing that whatever of i)rogress has been accomplished by our liospUals, maybe fairly attributed, in a great measure, to the free and independent action allowed to their officers,whereby they have been enabled, without apprehension of popular fear or favor, to manage their charge in the way commended to them, either by the general voice of the profession, or their own deliberate convictions,w^e should, for that reason alone, deplore any legislation calculated to substitute -for such liberty the suggestions of an outside party, entirely ignor- ant, it may be, of the working of a hospital, as wxll as of the move- ment of th-e insane mind. If the time shall ever come when the Legislature in its zeal for th-e public good, shall establish a board of otficers to supervise the medical practice of the State, with power to enter every sick man's chamber, to inquire respecting the medicine and diet prescribed, and any other matter connected with his wel- fare, and report the results of their examination to the constituted authorities, then it ma}' be proper to consider the propriety of ex- tending the same kind of patermil visitation to the hospitals for the insane. Without arrogating to ourselves any extraordinary' wisdom, we believe that the accomplished work of this Association, as well as the character and reputation of its present members, fairly entitles it to a respectful hearing on any matters of legislation affecting the in- terests of the insane in the establishments devoted to their custody and treatment. We, therefore, offer the following resolutions, in the hope that they will receive from the public all the attention to which the importance of the subject, and the authorit}' of the source from which they come, entitle them : Resohed, That the government of our hospitals, as at present con- jstituted, whereby a physician, supposed to be eminently qualified by his professional training and his traits of character, both moral and intellectual, is invested with the immediate control of the whole establishment, while a Board of Directors, Trustees or Managers, as they are differently called in different places,— men of acknowledged integrity and intelligence — has the general supervision of its affairs, has been found, by ample experience, to furnish the best security against abuses, and the strongest incentives to constant effort and im- provement. Resolved, That any supernumerary functionaries, endowed with the privilege of scrutiniztng the management of the hospital, and sittingin judgment on the conduct of attendants and the complaints of patients, and controlling the management, directly by the exer- cise of superior power, or indirectly by stringent advice, can scarceh' accomplish an amount of good sufficient to compensate for the harm that is sure to follow. 114 l^emlved, That the duty of restoring the insane, and of prociinnjjr the highest possible degree of comfort for those who are beyond the- reach of cure, implies a knowledge of their malady, and of their ways and manners, that can be obtained only by study and observa- tion. Resolved, That the work of conducting any particular indi\;idual through the mazes of disease, into the light of unclouded reason^ embracing, as it does, the drags he is to take, the privileges he is to ynjoy, the letters he is to write or receive, and the company he may see, implies not only certain professional attainments, but a close and continuous observation of his conduct and conversation, neither of which qualifications can be expected from the class of functionaries above mentioned, though appointed for the express purpose of mak- ing suggestions and proffering advice. Resolved, That one of the first things in the treatment of a pa- tient is to secure his confidence, to make him feel that he is in the hands of friends who will protect and care for him; and yet this purpose is completely frustrated when it is incessantly pro- claimed to him from the walls of his apartment, that the people to whom he has been entrusted, are not trusted by others, and that any aid or comfort he may require, must be sought from a power par- amount to theirs. Resolved, That valuable information maybe obtained from the' let- ters of patients respecting their mental movements, as many will communicate their thoughts in this manner more unreservedly than in their conversation, which advantage is lost when their letters are forwarded unopened. Resolved, That inasmuch as the letters of the insane, especially of women, often contain matter, the very thought of which, after re- covery, will overwhelm them with mortification and dismay, any law which compels the sending of such letters, is clearly an outrage on common decency and comuion humanity. Resolved, That the fact so much asserted at the present, and offered as the main reason for the legislation in question, viz : that sane per- sons are often falsely imprisoned on the pretense of insanity, is not true, and that we believe that, if ever, it is extremely rare that a sin- gle case of false imprisonment, in any hospital in this country, ha^ taken place. Resolved, That should such cases occur, it would require more know^ledge and experience to detect and expose their true character, than any but the officers of the hospital would be likely to possess. 115 liesolced, That the Project of Law for regulating the relations of the insane, adopted by the unanimous vote of the Association in 1S6S, prescribes such safe-guards against abuses of every kind, as are best fitted to secure that object, with the least possible amount of in- convenience to parties not immediately concerned. Resohrd, That the practice, now rather common, even among those who write or lecture on the subject, for the instruction of the public, of designating as " Private Asylums," the corporate hospitals of the country, such as the McLean Asylum, at Somerville, the Butler Hos- pital, at Providence, the Retreat for the Insane, at Hartford, the Bloomingdale Asylum, in New York, the Friend's As3dum, at Frank- ford, and the Pennsylvania Hospital, in Philadelphia, is calculated to mislead the public mind respecting the true character of such es- tablishments. Founded, as they are, on the gifts and bequests of benevolent persons, conducted by officers paid by a fixed salary, and Directors or managers with no compensation at all, and watched by a system of visitation, unequaled in frequency and thoroughness, by that of an}' public hospital, they are in no sense of the term, Private Asylums. The following resolutions, offered by Dr. Nichols, were also adopted : 1. Resolved, That in the opinion of the Association of Medical Su- perintendents of American Institutions for the Insane, it is the duty of each of the United States, and of each of the Provinces of the Do- minion, to establish and maintain a State or public institution for the custody and treatment of inebriates, on substantially the same footing, in respect to organization and support, as that upon which the generality of State and Provincial Institutions for the Insane are organized and supported. 2. Resolved, That as, in the opinion of this Association, any system of management of institutions for inebriates, under which the dura- tion of the residence of their inmates, and the character of the treat- ment to which they are subjected is voluntary on their part, must, in most cases, prove entirely futile, if not worse than useless, there should be in every State and Province such positive constitutional provisions and statutory enactments as will, in every case of presumed inebriety, secure a careful inquisition into the question of drunkenness, and fit- ness for the restraint and treatmentof an institution for inebriates, and such a manner .and length of restraint as will render total abstin- ence from alcoholic or other hurtful stimulants, during such treat- ment, absolutely certain, and present the best prospects of cure or reform, of which each case is susceptible. n6 3. Resolved farther, That tlie treatment in institutions fv.)r the ins.me of dipsomaniacs, or persons whose only obvious mental disorder i.-^ the excessive use of alcoholic or other stimulants, and the immed- iate effects of each excess, is exceedingly prejudicial to the welfare of those inmates for whose benefit such institutions are established and maintained, and should be discontinued just as soon as other separate ]3rovision can be made for inebriates. The thirtieth annual meeting of the Association was held in Philadelphia, commencing at lo A. M., of Tuesday, June 13, 1876. The following members w^ere present : Dr. William M. Awl, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. R. F. Baldwin, Western Lunatic Asyliun, Staunton, Vir- ginia. Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. Dr. H. Black, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg, Vir- ginia. Dr. James A. Blanchard, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flat- bush, New York. Dr. D. J, Boughton, Hospital for the Insane, Mendota, Wis- consin. Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, Manhattanville, New York. Dr. Henry W. Buel, Spring Hill Listitution, Litchfield, Con- necticut. Dr. W. H. Bunker, Longview Asylum, Carthage, Ohio. Dr. John S. Butler, Hartford, Connecticut. Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Morristown, New Jersey. Dr. R. C. Cabell, Jr., Assistant Physician, Central Lunatic Asylum, Richmond, Virginia. Dr. John H. Callcnder, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Tennessee. "7 Di\ T. B, Camden, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West Virginia. Dr. H. F. Carriel, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Illi- nois. Dr, George C, Catlett, Ivunatic Asylum, No. 2, St. Joseph, Missouri. Dr, John B, Chapin, Willard Asylum for the Insane, Willard, Xew York. Dr. R. C. Chenault, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Kentucky. Dr. W. S. Chipley, Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. Dr. Daniel Clark, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, Ontario. Dr. William M, Compton, Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Missis^ -sippi. Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania, Dr. James H, Denny, New York. Dr. J, T. Ensor, Asylum for the Insane, Columbia, South Carolina. Dr. Orpheus Everts, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- diana. Dr. C. C. Forbes, Central Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, Anchor- age, Kentucky. Dr, F. G. Fuller, Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln, Ne- braska. Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. Thomas F. Greene, Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville, ■ Georgia. Dr. Eugene Grissom, Insane Asylum, Raleigh, North Carolina. Dr. Richard Gundry, Hospital for the Insane, Athens, Ohio. Dr. Henry M. Harlow, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, Maine. Dr. J. Welch Jones, Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Louisiana. Dr. Walter Kempster, Hospital for the Insane, Oshkosh, Wis- consin. Dr. Edwin A. Kilbourne, Hospital for the Insane, Elgin, Illi- nois. ir8 Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for theTii- sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. L. R. Landfear, Hospital for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. A. E. Macdonald, City Asylum for the Insane, Ward's Island, New York. Dr. C. F. McDonald, State Lunatic Asylnm for Insane Crim- inals, Auburn, New York, Dr. Edward Mead, Boston, ]\Ias5achusetts. Dr. J. W. Mercer, Assistant Physician, Hospital for the In- sane, Anna, Illinois. Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, District of Columbia. Dr. R. L. Parsons, City Lunatic Asylum, BlackwelPs Island. New York. Dr. Mark Ranney, Hospital for the Insane, ISlt. Pleasant. Iowa. Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. A, Reynolds, Hospital for the Insane, Independence, Iowa. Dr. D. D. Richardson, Department for the Insane, Almshouse,. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane. Danville, Pennsylvania. Dr. A. M. Shew, Hospital for the Insane, Middletown, Con- necticut. Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, No. i, Fulton, Missouri. Dr. Henry P. Stearns, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con- necticut. Dr. J. T. Steeves, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New Brunswick. Dr. Clement A. AValker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. D. R. Wallace, Hospital for the Insane, Austin, Te:xas. Dr. J. H. AVorthington, Friends' .Asylum for the Insane, Phil- adelphia, Pennsylvania. 119 The following gentlemen were present by invitation : Dr. P. O. Hooper, Little Rock, Arkansas, Mr. D. A. Ogden and Dr. W. A. Swaby, Trustees of the tlie Willard Asylum, Willard, New York. Rev. A. H. Kerr and Mr. W. Talbot, Commissioners of the State Hospital for the Insane, St. Peter, Minnesota, John Sunderland, Superintendent of Construction of the State Hospital for the Insane, Warren, Pennsylvania, Mr. J. Whetstone, President of the Board of Trnstees of the Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio, Mr. John W. Chase, Trustee of the Maine Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, Maine. Dr. D. H. Kitchen, New York. Hon. J. W. Langmuir, Inspector of Hospitals, New York. Dr. T. S. Sumner, New York. Francis Wells, Esq., Commissioner of the Board of Public Charities, of Pennsylvania. Mr. F. H. Wines, Secretary of the Board of Public Charities of Illinois. Drs. Jameson, Richardson and Chittenden, Commissioners of the State Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana. A biographical sketch of Dr. George Syng Bryant, was read by Dr. R. C. Chenault. Dr. Bryant was born in Old Virginia, in 1825, and died in June, 1875, in full vigor of manhood. He was educated at Hampden Sydney College, at an early age, it is said, with the honors of his class ; studied medicine and graduated from Old Jefferson, in this city, in 1845. Soon after he removed to Mis- sissippi, where he practiced his profession very successfully for about ten years, up to the commencement of the late civil war, when he was appointed a surgeon in the Confederate service, and won for himself distinction in that service. At the close of the war he removed to St. Louis, Missouri, but was induced to leave that place on account of failing health, brought about by ex- posure during the war. He removed to Lexington, Kentucky, in the spring of 1868, soon made for himself a reputation as a I20 man of more than ordinary ability, became an active and prom- inent member of the Kentucky State Medical Society, and won the exalted esteem of the profession generally throughout the State. His enthusiasm for his profession, his admiration for the mast- ers of his science, his studious habits and his contributions to the various medical journals, all marked him as a man of no ordinary cast. As a gynaecologist, he was distinguished in the west, especially as an operator and also as an inventor. With those with whom he was associated in the management of the Eastern Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, from the highest to the lowest, all continue to speak of his uniform kindness, and his unceasing efforts to make every one around him comfortable and happy. He will be missed, indeed, from our Association, from the Ken- tucky State Medical Society, to which he was a contributor, from the profession generally where he lived, and* among whom he had many warm admirers, and from society generally. There- fore, Resolved, That this Association tender their warmest sympathy to his personal friends, and especially his widow, Mrs. Bryant, by whom he is missed more than 'by all others, and to whom he was so much devoted ; and we desire that this memorial and resolution be placed upon our minutes, and that the Secretary be requested to forward Mrs. Bryant a copy of the same. The following members were appointed delegates to the Inter- national Medical Congress, which met in Philadelphia on Sep- tember 4, 1876 : Drs. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Isaac Ray, John Curwen, C. A. Walker, Pliny Earle, John P. Gray, D. Tilden Brown, H. A. Buttolph, Orpheus Everts, Charles H. Nichols, Walter Kempster, Charles H. Hughes, H. F. Carriel, J. H. Callender, W. S. Chip- ley, James Rodman, Eugene Grissom, C. K. Bartlett, A. M. Shew, James R. DeWolf. 121 Tli^s thirty-first annual meeting was held in St, Louis, Missouri, 'Commencing at lo A. M., of May 29, 1874. The following mem- bers were present : Dr. A. T. Barnes, Illinois Southern Hospital for the Insane, Anna, Illinois. Dr. C. K. Bartlett, Minnesota Hospital for the Insane, St, Peter, Minnesota, Dr. J. K. Banduy, St. Vincent Asylum, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. H. Black, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg, Vir- ginia. Dr. D. T. Bough ton. State Hospital for the Insane, Mendota Wisconsin. Dr, R. M. Bucke, Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario. Dr. W. H. Bunker, Longview Asylum, Carthage, Ohio. Dr. J. H. Callender, Tennessee Hospital for the Insane., Nash- ville, Tennessee. Dr. T. B. Camden, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West Virginia. Dr. H. F. Carriel, Central Hospital for the Insane, Jackson- ville, Illinois. Dr, George C. Catlett, Lunatic Asylum No. 2, St. Joseph, Missouri. Dr. John B. Chapin, Willard Asylum for the Insane, Willard, New York. Dr. W, S. Chipley, Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. Dr, Daniel Clark, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, Canada. Dr, William M. Compton, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Mississippi. Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. Orpheus Everts, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- diana. Dr. F. G. Fuller, State Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln, Ne- braska. Dr. [ohn P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. 'uigene Grissom, Insane x^sylum of North Carolina, Raleigh, North Carolina. Dr. Richard Gundry, Columbus Hospital for the Insane, Col- umbus, Ohio. Dr. William B. Hazard, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. H. K. Hinds, Assistant Physician, Lunatic Asylum No. i. Fulton, Missouri. Dr. N. De V. Howard, Lunatic Asylum, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. C. H. Hughes, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Walter Kempster, Northern Hospital for the Insane, Win- nebago, Wisconsin. Dr. Thomas. H. Kenan, Assistant Physician, Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville, Georgia. Dr. E. A. Kil bourne, Northern Hospital for the Insane, Elgin, Illinois. Dr. L. R. Landfear, Hospital for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. C. F. MacDonald, State Asylum for Insane Criminals, Au- burn, New York. Dr. x^ndrew McFarland, Oak Lawn Retreat, Jacksonville, Il- linois. Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the In- sane, Washington, District of Columbia. Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania. Dr. James Rodman, Western Kentucky Lunatic x\sylum, Hop- kinsville, Kentucky. Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. Charles W. Stearns, St. LouiS) Missouri. Dr. J. Strong, Cleveland Hospital for the Insane, Newburgh, Ohio. Dr. Clement A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachu- setts. Dr. D. R. Wallace, Asylum for the Insane, Austin, Texas. Dr. J. M. Wallace, Asylum for the Insane, Hamilton, On - tario. The following gentlemen were present by invitation : Mr. S. R. Welles, Trustee of the Willard Asylum, Willard, New York. 123 Dr. G. F. Chittenden, Commissioner of the Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana. J. H. Wines, Secretary of Board of Public Charities of Illi- nois. Dr. AV'illiam Corson and Gen. James A. Beaver, Commission- ers of the State Hospital for the Insane, Warren, Pa. Dr. C. F. Wilbur, School for Feeble Minded Children, Jack- sonville, Illinois. The thirty-second annual meeting was held in Washington, District of Columbia, commencing at lo A. M., of May 14, 1878. The following members were present. Dr. R. F. Baldwin, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, Vir- ginia. Dr. A. T. Barnes, Southern Hospital for the Insane, Anna, Il- linois. Dr. H. Black, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg, Vir- ginia. Dr. D. T. Boughton, State Hospital for the Insane, Mendota, Wisconsin. Dr. R. M. Bucke, Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario. Dr. D. R. Burrell, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. Dr. A. P. Busey, Assistant Physician, Lunatic Asylum, No. 2, St. Joseph, Missouri. Dr. John H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. T. B. Camden, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West Virginia. Dr. John B. Chapin, Willard Asylum, Willard, New York. Dr. W. A. Cheatham, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. R. C. Chenault, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- tucky. 124 Dr. W. S. Chipley, Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. Dr. Daniel Clark, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, Ontario. Dr. William M. Compton, Holly Springs, Mississippi. Dr. J. S. Conrad, Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. Joseph Draper, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro', Ver- mont. Dr. B. D. Eastman, Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Massachu- setts. Dr. O. Everts, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana. Dr. C. C. Forbes, Central Lunatic Asylum, Anchorage, Ken- tucky. Dr. W. W. Godding, Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, District of Columbia. Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. Eugene Grissom, Insane Asylum of North Carolina, Raleigh, North Carolina. Dr. Richard Gundry, Superintendent elect Maryland Hospital, Catonsville, Maryland. Dr. C. H. Hughes, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Walter Kempster, Northern Hospital for the Insane, Win- nebago, Wisconsin. Dr. Edwin A. Kilbourne, Northern Hospital for the Insane, Elgin, Illinois. Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. John Kirby, Assistant Physician, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey. Dr. Walter R. Langdon, Assistant Physician, Asylum for the Insane, Stockton, California. Dr. A. E. Macdonald, City Asylum for the Insane, Ward's Island, New York. Dr. C. S. MacDonald, State Asylum for Insane Criminals, Auburn, New York, Dr. D. A. Morse, Asylum for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. ^25 Cr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Albert Reynolds, Hospital for the Insane, Independence, Iowa. Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, Penn- sylvania. Dr. A. M, Shew, Connecticut Hospital for the Insane Mid- dletown, Connecticut, Dr. T. R. H. Smith, Lunatic Asylum No. i, Fulton, Missouri. Dr. Charles W, Stevens, St. Louis, Missouri, Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Retreat, Baltimore, Mary- land. Dr. William W. Strew, City Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island, Xew York. Dr. J. Strong, Asylum for the Insane, Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. J. D. Thomson, Mt. Hope Retreat, Baltimore, Maryland, Dr. George C, Palmer, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Dr. Clement A. W^alker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachu- setts. Dr. D. R. Wallace, Hospital for the Insane, Austin, Texas. The following gentlemen were present by invitation : A. E. Elmore, Esq,, President of the Board of Charities of Wisconsin. D. A. Ogden, Esq., Trustee of the Willard Asylum, Willard, New York. John T. Richardson, M. D., Commissioner of the State Hos- pital for the Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana. A. P. Langworthy, M, D., of the Board of Administrators of the Asylum for the Insane of Louisiana. The thirty-third annual meeting was held in Providence, 126 Rhode Island, commencing on June lo, 1879. The following members were present at the meeting : Dr. J. B. x\ndrews, Assistant Physician, of the State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New Hampshire. Dr. C. K. Bartlett, Hospital for the Insane, St. Peter, Minne- sota. Dr. H. Black, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg, Vir- ginia. Dr. J. P. Brown, Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Massachusetts. Dr. P. Bryce, Hospital for the Insane, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Dr. D. R. Burrell, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. Dr. John S. Butler, Hartford, Connecticut. Dr. John H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. J. B. Camden, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West Virginia. Dr. Walter Channing, Private Hospital for Insane, Brookline, Massachusetts. Dr. John B. Chapin, Willard Asylum for the Insane, Willard, New York. Dr. R. C. Chenault, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Kentucky. Dr. Daniel Clark, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, Ontario. Dr. John Cur wen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. Joseph Draper, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro, Ver- mont. Dr. J. W. Fisher, Assistant Physician of the Hospital for the Insane, Mendota, Wisconsin. Dr. F. T. Fuller, iVssistant Physician, Insane Asylum, Raleigh, North Carolina. Dr. W. W. Godding, Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, District of Columbia. Dr. John C. Hall, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 127 Di\ W, B, Hallock, Cromwell Hall, Cromwell, Connecticut, Dr. Henry M. Harlow, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, Maine. Dr. J. W. Hatch, Jr., Assistant Physician, State Asylum for the Insane, Napa, California. Dr. Henry M. Hurd, Eastern Michigan Asylum, Pontiac, Michigan. Dr. Walter Kempster, Northern Plospital for the Insane, Win- nebago, Wisconsin. Dr. Thomas S, Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. W. H. Lathrop, Asylum for Chronic Insane, Tewksbury, Massachusetts. Dr. C. S. May, State Lunatic Asylum, Danvers, Mas^chu- setts. Dr. Edward Mead, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. T. J. Mitchell, State Insane Asylum, Jackson, Mississippi. Dr. D. A. Morse, Asylum for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York, Dr". George C. Palmer, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Dr. John G. Park, Worcester Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts. Dr. Hosea M. Quiby, Asylum for Chronic Insane, Worcester, Massachusetts. Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania. Dr. A. R. Reid, Nova Scotia Hospital for the Insane, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Dr. Ira Russell, Private Asylum, Winchendon Highlands, Massachusetts. Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, Pennsylvania. Dr. A. M. Shew, Hospital for the Insane, Middletown, Con* necticut. 128 Dr. H. P. Stearns, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- ticut. Dr. James J. Steeves, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John^ New Brunswick. Dr. W. W. Strew, City Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island ^ New York. Dr. J. Strong, Asylum for the Insane, Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. Clement A. ^Valker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachu- setts. Dr. j. M. Wallace, Asylum for the Insane, Hamilton, Ontario. The following gentlemen were present by invitation ; Mr, Charles J. Coffin, of the Board of Charities of Massachu- setts. Mr! George W, Jones, Trustee of the Willard Asylum. Dr. George Brown, Barre, Massachusetts. Dr. xAllen M. Lane, Hamilton, New York. Dr. Caswell, President Rhode Island Medical Society. Dr. Anthony, President of Providence Medical Association. Dr. Gurden W. Russell, Hartford, Connecticut, Dr. J. F. Noyes, Detroit, Michigan. Dr. Theo. W. Fisher, Boston, Massachusetts, The thirty-fourth annual meeting was held in Philadelphia, commencing on Tuesday, May 25, 1880. The following mem- bers were present : Dr. J. K. Bauduy, St, Vincent's Institution for the Insane, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. D. T. Boughton, State Hospital for the Insane, Mendota, VVisconsin. Dr. J. P. Brown, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Massachu- chusettss. 129 Dr. P. Bryce, Alabama Insane Hospital, Tuscaloosa, Ala- bama, Dr. R. M. Bucke, Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario. Dr. D. R. Burrell, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Asylum for the Insane, Morris Plains, New Jersey. Dr, John H, Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Tennessee, Dr. T. B. Camden, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West \'irginia. Dr. John B, Chapin, Willard Asylum, Willard, New York. Dr, Daniel Clark, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, Ontario. Dr. H. F. Carriel, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Illi- nois. Dr, John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Asylum, Harris- burg, Pennsylvania, Dr. Theo, Dimon, Asylum for Insane Criminals, Auburn, New 'York. Dr. B. D. Eastman, Insane Asylum, Topeka, Kansas. Dr. Orpheus Everts, Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. Dr. P\ T, Fuller, Assistant Physician of Insane Asylum, Raleigh, North Carolina, Dr, W. W, Godding, Government Hospital for the Insane, AVashington, District of Columbia, Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. Richard Gundry, Maryland Hospital for the Insane, Ca- tonsville, Maryland. Dr. John C. Hall, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Henry M. Hurd, Eastern Michigan Asylum, Pontiac, Michigan. Dr. Walter Kempster, Northern Hospital for the Insane, Win- nebago, Wisconsin. Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 130 Dr. A. E. Macdonald, City Lunatic Asylum, Ward's Island. New York. Dr C. F. Macdonald, Binghamton Asylum for the Insane, Bingham ton, New York. Dr. S. B, McGlumphy, Hospital for the Insane, Yankton, Da- kota. Dr. C. S. May, Lunatic Hospital, Danvers, Massachusetts. Dr. W. G. Metcalf, Asylum for the Insane, Kingston, On- tario. Dr. C. A. Miller, Longview Asylum, Carthage, Ohio. Dr. D. A. Morse, Asylum for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. Dr. George C. Palmer, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Dr, J. O. Powell, Insane Asylum, Milledgeville, Georgia. Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania. Dr. D. D. Richardson, State Hospital for the Insane, Warren, Pennsylvania. Dr. Joseph G. Rogers, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana. Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, Pennsylvania. Dr. G. A. Shurtleff, Asylum for the Insane, Stockton, Cali- fornia. Dr. James T. Steeves, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New Brunswick. Dr. J. Strong, Asylum for the Insane, Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. J. D. Thompson, Mt. Hope Retreat, Baltimore, Mary- land. Dr. Clement A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachu- setts. Dr. John W. Ward, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey. - Dr. H, Wardner, Hospital for the Insane, Anna, Illinois, Dr. J. H. Worthington, Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. John S. Woodside, Assistant Physician, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, New York. The following gentlemen were present by invitation : Dr. Alfred T. Livingston, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. J. N. Kerlin, Institution for Feeble Minded Children, Media, Pennsylvania. Mr. Gardner A. Churchill, Trustee of the Lunatic Hospital, Danvers, Massachusetts. Mr. George VV. Jones, Trustee of the Willard Asylum, Willard, New York. Dr. Traill Green, Trustee of the Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. William Corson, Commissioner of the State Hospital for the Insane, Warren, Pa. John C. Allen and Henry Haines, Managers of the Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. D- Hack Tuke was elected an Honorary member of the Association. The thirty-fifth annual meeting was held in Toronto, Ontario, commencing on Tuesday, June 14, 1881. The following mem- bers were present ; Dr. J. B. Andrews, State Asylum for the Insane, Buffalo, New York. Dr. R. Barksdale, Central Lunatic Asylum, Richmond, Vir- ginia. Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. Dr. H. Black, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg, Vir^ ginia. 1^2 Dr, R. M. Bucke, ^Asylum far the Insane, London, Ontario, Dr. W. O. Bullock, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- tucky. Dr. D. R. Burrell, Brigham Hall, Canandaigiia, New York. Dr. A. P. Busey, Assistant Physician, Lunatic Asylum, No. 2- St. Joseph, Missouri. Dr. John H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashvillej Tennessee. Dr. H. F. Carriel, Central Hospital for the Insane, Jackson- ville, Illinois. Dr. Daniel Clark, Asylum for, the Insane, Toronto, Ontario. Dr. John Curwen, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Dr, James H. Denny, Boston, Massachusetts, Dr. R. S. Dewey, P^astern Hospital for the Insane, Kankakee^ Illinois. Dr. Orpheus Everts, Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. Dr. A. M. Fauntleroy, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, Vir- ginia. Dr, Theodore W, Fisher, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massa- chusetts. Dr. T. M, Franklin, City Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island, New York. Dr. R. H. Gale, Central Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, Anchor- age, Kentucky. Dr. J, Z. Gerhard, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. William B. Goldsmith, Lunatic Hospital, Danvers, Mas- sachusetts. Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. Richard Gundry, Maryland Hospital for the Insane, Ca- tonsville, Maryland, Dr. C. H. Hughes, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Henry M^ Hurd, Eastern Michigan Asylum, Pontiac, Mich- igan. Dr. A. E. Macdonakl, City Lunatic Asylum, Ward's Island; New York, Dr. H. P. Matbewson, Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln, Ne- braska. Dr. W. G. Metcalf, Asylum for the Insane, Kingston, On- tario, Dr. Charles A. Miller, Longview Asylum, Carthage, Ohio. Dr. J. A, Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- sane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania, Dr, A. P. Reid, Hospital for the Insane, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Dr. Joseph G. Rogers, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana. Dr. F. E. Roy, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec. Dr. H. C. Rutter, Asylum for the Insane, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. J. Strong, Asylum for the Insane, Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. B. R, Thombs, State Asylum for the Insane, Pueblo, Col- orado. Dr. H. A. Tobey, Asylum for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. J, M. Wallace, Asylum for the Insane, Hamilton, On- tario. Dr. Joseph Workman, Toronto, Ontario. The following gentlemen were present by invitation : Mr> J. W. Langmuir, Inspector of Asylums and Prisons of Ontario, Mr, D. A. Ogden, Trustee of the Willaixl Asylum, Willard, New York, Mr. W. P. Townsend, Manager of the Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania. Dr. Godfrey, Trustee of the Asylum for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. Fulton, Editor of the Canada Lancet, and Professor in Trinity Medical College. Dr. William Canniff, President of the Medical Association of the Dominion of Canada. , . Dr. Graham, of the Senate of the University of Ontario. Dr. Grant, of Ottawa, Member of the Medical Council. Dr. A. H. Beaton, of the Orilia Asylum for Idiots. 134 The following gentlemen were elected Honorary members ot~ the Association : Dr. C. Lockhart Robertson, of England. Dr. A. Motet, of Paris. Dr. A. Ta.mburini, of Italy. Dr. T. S, Clouston, of Scotland. The thirty-sixth annual meeting of the Association was held in Cincinnati, Ohio, commencing on Tuesday, May 30, 1882. The following members were present : Dr. J. B. Andrews, State Asylum for the Insane, Buffalo, New York. Dr. W. J. Bland, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West Vir- ginia. Dr. R. M. Bucke, Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario. Dr. D. R. Burrell, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. Dr. John H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Tennessee. Dr. John B. Chapin, Willard Asylum, Willard, New York. Dr. Edward Cowles, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- setts, Dr. John Curwen, State Hospital for the Insane, Warren, Pennsylvania. Dr. R. S. Dewey, Eastern Hospital for the Insane, Kankakee, Illinois. Dr. Orpheus Everts, Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. Dr. Theodore W. Fisher. Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachu- setts. Dr. R. H. Gale, Central Lunatic Asylum, Anchorage, Ken- tucky. Dr. William B. Goldsmith, Lunatic Hospital, Danvers, Massa- chusetts. 135 Dr. L. J. Graham, State Lunatic Asylum, Austin, Texas, Dr, John P. Gray, State Lunatic iVsylum, Utica, New York. Dr. Eugene Grissom, Insane Asylum, Raleigh, North Carolina. Dr. Richard Gundry, Maryland Hospital, Catonsville, Mary- land. Dr. John C. Hall, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. F. W. Hatch, Jr., Assistant Physician, Asylum for the Li- sane, Napa, California, Dr, Charles H. Hughes, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. Henry M. Hurd, Eastern Michigan Asylum, Pontiac, Michigan. Dr. E. A. Kilbourne, Northern Hospital for the Insane, Elgin, Illinois. Dr. Andrew McFarland, Oak Lawn Retreat, Jacksonville, Il- linois. Dr. H. P. Mathewson, State Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln, Nebraska. Dr. C. A. Miller, Longview Asylum, Carthage, Ohio. Dr. T. J. Mitchell, Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Mississippi. Dr. A. R. Moulton, Assistant Physician, Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts. Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York City. Dr. George C. Palmer, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania, Dr. A. B. Richardson, Asylum for the Insane, Athens, Ohio. Dr. Joseph G. Rogers, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana. Dr. John W, Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, Penn- sylvania. Dr. Henry P. Stearns, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con- necticut. 136 Dr. Charles VV. Stevens, St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. J. Strong, Asylum for the Insane, Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. H. A. Toby, Asylum for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. Dr. J. M. Wallace, Asylum for the Insane, Hamilton, Ontario, Dr. H. Wardner, Hospital for the Insane, Anna, Illinois. Dr. James M. Whitaker, Assistant Physician, Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville, Georgia. The following resolution was adopted : Resolved, That the usage of the Association, in respect to the tenure' of the office of President and Vice President of this body, be so far changed that hereafter there shall be elected a President and Vice President, to hold their respective offices for a period of one year, and that the President present an annual address, which shall be deemed exempt from critical discussion, unless the Association shall direct otherwise. Dr. C. A. Walker, having resigned the office of President, Dr. John H. Callender was elected President, and Dr. John P. Gray, Vice President, under the resolution adopted at this meeting. The following resolution was also adopted : Resolved, That on the last day of each annual meeting of the As- bociation of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane, the President shall appoint committees, whose duty it shall be to report at the next annnal meeting upon the state and progress of the various important divisions of special science and art, relating to the insane as assigned to and accepted by them, and whose chairmen shall be ethically responsible for the proper ])re- sentation of such reports. These subjects were subsequently divided as follows : 1. Annual Necrology of the Association. 2. Cerebro-Spinal Physiology. 3. Cerebro-Spinal Pathology. 4. Therapeutics of Insanity, 5. Bibliography of Insanity. 6. Relation of Precentric Diseases to Insanity, 7. Asylum Location, Construction and Sanitation. 8. On Medico-Legal relations of the Insane. 9. On the Treatment of Insanity. 137 I'he thirty-seventh annual meeting of the Association was held at Newport, Rhode Island, commencing on June 26, 1883. I'he following members were present : Dr. J. B. Andrews, State Asylum for the Insane, Buffalo, New York, Dr. J. ^. Bancroft, Concord, New Hampshire. Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. Dr. W. J, Bland, State Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West Virginia. Dr. J. P. Brown, Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Massachusetts. Dr. John H. Callcnder, State Hospital for the Insane, Nash- ville, Tennessee. Dr. George C. Catlett, Lunatic Asylum No. 2, St. Joseph, Mis- souri. Dr. John B. Chapin, Willard Asylum, Willard, New York. Dr. R, H. Chase, State Hospital for the Insane, Norristown, Pennsylvania, Dr, Daniel Clark, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, Ontario. Dr. Edward Cowles, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- setts. Dr. John Curwen, State Hospital for the Insane, Warren, Pennsylvania, Dr. James H. Denny, Boston, Massachusetts, Dr, Joseph Draper, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro', Ver- mont. Dr. O, Everts, Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. Dr. Theo. W^. Fisher, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachu- setts. Dr. J, M. Franklin, City Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island ^ New York. Dr. R. H. Gale. Central Lunatic Asylum, Anchorage, Ken- tucky. Dr. J. Z. Gerhard, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- risburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. W. W. Godding, Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, District of Columbia. 138 Dr. W, B. Goldsmith, Lunatic Hospital, Danvers, Massachu- setts. Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Dr. John C. Hall, Friend's Asylum, Frankford, Philadelphia- Pennsylvania. Dr. W. B. Hallock, Cromwell Hall, Cromwell, Connecticut. Dr. Charles J. Hill, Assistant Physician, Mount Hope Retreat, Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. G. H. Hill, Hospital for the Insane, Independence, Iowa, Dr. Henry M. Hurd, Asylum for the Insane, Pontiac, Michi- gan. Dr. George F. Jelly, Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. A. E. Macdonald, City Lunatic Asylum, Ward's Island, New York. Dr. W. G. Metcalf, Kingston, Ontario. Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Bloom ingdale Asylum, New York. Dr. George C. Palmer, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Dr. H. M. Quinby, Asylum for Chronic Insane, Worcester, Massachusetts. Dr. A. B. Richardson, Asylum for the Insane, Athens, Ohio. Dr. Joseph G. Rogers, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana, Dr. F. E. Roy, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada. Dr. Ira Russell, Winchendon, Massachusetts. Dr. John W, Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, Pennsylvania. Dr. A. M. Shew, Hospital for the Insane, Middletown, Con- necticut. Dr. H. P. Stearns, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- ticut. Dr. J. T. Steeves, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St, John, New Brunswick. Dr. G. B. Twitchell, Keene, New Hampshire. 139 The following gentlemen were present by invitation : Dr. Horatio R. Storer, President of the Newport Medical So- ciety. Dr. Foster Pratt, Manager of the Asylum for the Insane, Kal- amazoo, Michigan. Mr. D. A. Ogden, Manager of the Willard Asylum, Willard^ New York. Rev. Mr. Willard, Secretary of the Trustees of the Hospital for the Insane, Middletown, Connecticut. Dr. A. G, Watson, Newport, Rhode Island. Mr. George Gordon King, Newport, Rhode Island. Mr. A. G. Barstow, President of the Board of Trustees 6f But- ler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. Mr. Brownell, Trustee of the Butler Hospital. Dr. Theodore Meynert, of Vienna, was elected an Honorary member of the Association. The thirty-eighth annual meeting Mas held at the Continental Hotel, in the city of Philadelphia, commencing at lo A. M., of May 13, 1884. The following members were present during the sessions : J. B. Andrews, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Buffalo, New York. J. P. Bancroft, M. D., Concord, New Hampshire. AV. J. Bland, M. D., Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West Virginia. J. P. Brown, M. D., Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Massachusetts. W. T. Browne, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Stockton, Cali- fornia. R. M. Bucke, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario. D. R. Burrell, M. D., Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. I40 John H. Callender, M. D., Hospital for the Insane. Nashville, Tennessee. H. F. Carriel, M. D., Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Illinois. George T. Catlett, M. D., Lunatic Asylum No. 2, St. Joseph, Missouri. Walter Channing, M. D., Brookline, Missachusetts. John B. Chapin, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, VVilhrJ, New York. R. H. Chase, M. D., State Hospital for the Insine, Norris- town, Pennsylvania, Edward Cowles, M. D., McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massa- chusetts. John Curwen, M. D., State Hospital for the Insane, Warren, Pennsylvania. A. N. Denton, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Austin, Texas. R. S. Dewey, M. D., Eastern Hospital for the Insane^ Kanka- kee, Illinois. Pliny Earle, M. D., Lunatic Hospital, Northampton, Massa- chusetts. Orpheus Everts, M. D., Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. Theodore W, Fisher, M. D., Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Mas- sachusetts. T. M. Franklin, M. D., City Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island, New York. J, Z. Gerhard, M. D., Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital^ Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. W. W. Godding, M. D., Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, District of Columbia. John P. Gray, M. D., State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. Eugene Grissom, M. D., Insane Asylum, Raleigh, North Car- olina. John C. Hall, M. D., Friends' Asylum for the Insane-, Frank- ford, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Charles J. Hill, M. D., Assistant Physician, Mt. Hope Re- treat, Baltimore, Maryland. 141 S. Preston Jones. M. D., Department for Males, Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Alfred T. Livingston, M. l).,AVa-Wa, Delaware County, Penn- sylvania, P. L. ]\Iurphy, M. D. ,^^'estern North Carolina Insane Asylum, Morgan ton, North Carolina. Charles H, Nichols, M. D., Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. George C. Palmer, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, Michigan. J. Willoughby Phillips, M. D., Assistant Physician, Burn P3rae, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. T. O. Powell, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Milledgeville, (ieorgia. A. B. Richardson, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Athens, Ohio. D. D. Richardson, M. D., Department for the Insane, Alms- house, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. J. D. Roberts, M, D., Eastern North Carolina Insane Asylum, Goldsboro, North Carolina. Ira Russell, M. D., Highlands, Winchendon, Massachusetts. John W. Sawyer, M. D., Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. S. S, Schultz, M. D., State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, Pennsylvania. A. M. Shew, M. D., Hospital for the Insane, Middletown, Connecticut. George S. Sinclair, M. I)., Assistant Physician, Hospital for the Insane, Halifax, Nova Scotia. E. E. Smith, M. D., Assistant Physician, Asylum for the In- sane, Morris Plains, New Jersey. Henry P. Stearns, M. D., Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connecticut. James T. Steeves, M. D., Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New Brunswick. J. Strong, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Cleveland, Ohio. H. A. Toby, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. George B. Twitchell, M. D., Keene, New Hampshire. T42 J. M. Wallace, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Hamilton, On- tario. John W. Ward, M. D., State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New- Jersey. Dr. Curwen offered the following resolution which was unani- mously adopted on a rising vote : Resolved, That in the death of our fellow member, Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, this Association has lost one of its ablest members, who. during the whole period of its existence, had given to it most earnest and devoted thought and attention, and whose counsels were always wise, cautious and most enlightened. A kind, warm-hearted and sympathizing friend, a faithful and prudent counsellor, a genial and cheerful companion, and a most able, laborious and devoted Physician and Sui^erintendent, no one who was privileged to know him in those relations can fail to feci the great blank wliich has been made by his removal. Privileged to continue in active continuous service longer than any other member, his latest thoughts were given to the considera- tion of those things which would most benefit those for whom foi- more than forty years he had thought and labored. Dr. John P. Gray delivered the address as President and then introduced his successor. Dr. Pliny Earle. This being the fortieth year from the formation of tlie Asso- ciation, in accordance with a previous arrangement made last year, addresses were delivered on the History of the Association and its necrology by Dr. John Curwen. on progress in the treat- ment of the Insane by Dr. Henry P. Stearns, on progress in provision for the Insane by Dr. W. W. Godding. The Association in a body visited the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania in session, and also attended the reception of the President of that Society in the evening. Dr. Foster Pratt, one of the Trustees of the Asylum for the Insane at Kalamazoo, Michigan, offered the following resolutions which were adopted : Whereas, By a comparison of the statistics of the "defective classes of our population," as shown by the eighth, ninth and tenth Census, it appears 143 First, That the proportion of insane to total population in the United States is rapidly increasing, and Secondly, That a prominent factor in this increase is the large defective element found among the "Foreign born" who have emigrated to us since 1847 and 1848 — an element whicli now constitutes one-eighth of our total population, l;ut which furnishes one-third of its paupers, one-third of its crimi- nals, and one-third of its insane, and Whereas, While the cost of buildings to suitably keep and the annual tax to properly maintain these classes fall wholly and heavily on the several States and Terri- tories, they are inhibited by a national law from enacting and en- forcing effective measures to prevent or to mitigate these evils, so far as they are caused by immigration, now therefore Resolved, That the Association of Medical Sui^erintendents of American Institutions for the Insane respectfully urges the Congress of the United States to give early and earnest attention to this im- portant subject, to the end that emigration laws may be enacted by it which, while they do not unreasonably obstruct the immigration of healthy and self-dependent persons, will effectively prevent the emigration and the exportation to our ports of the so-called defect- ive classes of Europe and Asia. Resolved. That in furtherance of this object a copy of these Reso- lutions and Preamble be forwarded by the President and Secretary of this Association to the President of the United States, and to the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representa- tives at Washington, for consideration by them and by Congress ; also to the Governor and the Presiding officers of the Legislature of each State of the Union, that they and the people they severally represent, who are most affected by the pecuniary burdens and by the vital and moral evils caused by an unrestricted and unregulated immigration, may be moved to take such action as they deem best to secure early and efficient action by Congress (with whom alone is the power) to abate the great and growing evils to which public attention is hereby called. Resolved, That a copy of these Resolutions and Preamble be also sent to the Secretary of each medical society in the several States, with the request that the medical profession generally unite with us in the attempt to obtain the required remedy for these great evils. 144 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. John E. Tyler, M. D., by Isaac Ray, M. D. : My relations with Dr. Tyler were not of the kind that bring to view all the sides and aspects of a man's nature, but they suf- ficed to reveal to me many sterling qualities well worthy of the highest esteem. Starting with his mind well prepared by a col- lege training, and a faithful study of his profession, he obtained in due season the merited reward of such preparation. While engaged in a general practice, embracing to a large extent the most respectable and cultivated part of the community, he was selected by the Trustees of the State Asylum of New Hampshire to become its Superintendent. So well did he discharge this trust, that, under his charge, the institution notably prospered, while he established his own reputation in this peculiar calling. On the death of Dr. Booth, the Superintendent of the McLean Asylum, the Trustees of that institution had little hesitation in making Dr. Tyler his successor. Here the best qualities of his na- ture were brought into action, as they never had been before, and his remarkable fitness for the kind of duty he had assumed was admirably displayed. In no other similar institution in the coun- try are larger drafts made on the patience, the temper, the indus- try, the zeal, in short, on all the moral and intellectual resources of the Superintendent. For thirteen years he stood the trial, steadily gaining the approbation of his Trustees, the confidence and esteem of his patients, and the respect of his medical breth- ren. He came to the work with a correct appreciation of its re- sponsibilities, and an earnest endeavor to achieve the highest measure of success. Thenceforth it became the all-absorbing interest of his life. Surrounded by memorials of his predeces- sors, he needed no other incentive to make himself worthy a 145 ]AivcQ by the side of a Booth, a Bell, a Lee and a Wyman. It was a purpose worthy of the noblest ambition. How worthily he achieved it, we learn from the abundant testimony both of his patients and his employers, He cared little for popular applause, and was well satisfied with the approbation of those who, alone, were the proper judges of his merits. He had many qualities indispensable to success in his calling. A\'ithout any profound study of psychological science, he pos- sessed that nice discernment of abnormal mental conditions which springs from a happy faculty of observation, — a faculty which may be improved by use, but is chiefly a gift of nature. It en- abled him to look beneath the surface, and discern signs of irreg- ular action that would escape the notice of others less happily endowed. His success was much promoted by a genial temper and a pleasing address that always made him a welcome compan- ion, bringing, at every visit, a gleam of sunshine to many a darkened souL Few could resist the cheering influence of his hearty laugh and pleasant words, well-timed and skilfully ex- pressed as they always were. In the character of expert in cases of insanity, in which he often appeared, it would be no small praise to say that he did no discredit to his profession, but he also did something more. He was always cool, self-collected, not easily embarrassed, and was unusually successful in obtaining respect and confidence for his statements. He soon learned, what some experts never learn at all, that to satisfy himself of the correctness of his positions is scarcely more important than to forsee how they will strike others. It is this kind of prescience which makes one sure that the ground he takes is tenable, and enables him to anticipate the assaults he will have to meet. After a service of thirteen years his health had received such a shock from a malarial fever contracted while on a visit South, that he felt obliged to resign, and seek the res- torative influences of a prolonged stay in Europe. On his re- turn, with his condition greatly imprpved, he engaged in private practice and soon had all the employment he desired. He had been a]. pointed while in the As}'lum, Professor of Nervous Dis- eases in Harvard University, and the last professional act he did 146 was to give the usual lecture of his course. He will be much missed in that community, for he was widely known and es- teemed, and in various relations his counsel was sought for and highly prized. As a member of this Association his presence among us always met with a hearty welcome. His words were ever wise and time- ly. He was not much inclined to writing or speaking, but when he did write or s})eak, it was something well worth listening to. Dr. George Syng Bryant was born in Old Virginia, in 1825. and died in June, 1875, in full vigor of manhood. He was ed- ucated at Hampden Sydney College, and graduated at an early age, it is said, with the honors of his class ; studied medicine and graduated from Old Jefferson, in Philadelphia, in 1845, Soon after he removed to Mississippi, wdiere he practiced his ])rofession very successfully for-about ten years, up to the com- mencement of the late civil war, when he was appointed a sur- geon in the Confederate service, and won for himself distinction in that service. At the close of the war he removed to St. Louis, Missouri, but was induced to leave that place on account of fail- ing health, brought about by exposure during the war. He re- moved to Lexington, Kentucky, in the sj^ring of 1868 ; soon made for himself a reputation as a man of more than ordinary ability, became an active and jorominent member of the Kentucky State Medical Society, and won the exalted esteem of the profes- sion generally throughout the Sta'e. His enthusiasm for his profession, his admiration for the masters of his science, his studious habits, and his contributions to the various medical journals, all marked him as a man of no ordinary cast. As a gynaecologist he was distinguished in the west, especially as an operator and also as an inventor. With those with whom he was associated in the management of the Eastern Kentucky xAsylum, from the highest to the lowest, all continue to speak of his uniform kindness and his tmceasing efforts to mike every one around him comfortable and hippy. U7 He will be missed, indeed, from our Association, from the Kentucky State Medical Society, to which he was a contributor, from the profession generally where he hved, and among whom he had many warm admirers, and from vSociety generally. John VVaddell, whose father was a native of Shotts, Scotland, was born in Truro, Nova Scotia, on March 17, t8io. He was the youngest son of the Reverend John Waddel, an eminent Pres- byterian clergyman, and brother of the late James Waddell, also a distinguished member of the Presbyterian church. The early part of his education was received at the Grammar School in Truro ; subsequently he attended the Pictou Academy, where he spent several years, completing a full course of liberal culture. At the end of this period he engaged in business, continuing for one year, but finding this enterprise uncongenial it was aban = doned. In the year 1834, he commenced the study of medicine in his native place, under the preceptorship of Dr. Lynd. He next proceeded to Glasgow, continuing his medical studies there, and on the i8th of October, 1839, he received his diploma from the Royal College of Surgeons, London. After obtaining his degree, the doctor attended medical lectures in Paris during the winter of 1839 and 184c. In the summer of 1840, he returned to Truro, Nova Scotia, and entered upon the practice of his chosen profession. During the following nine years he was en- gaged in general practice, and, being eminently successful, he extended his name and fame far beyond the immediate sphere of his labors. In 1849, Dr. VVaddell was appointed Medical Super- intendent of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum at St. John, New- Brunswick, and in December of that year, he entered upon the duties connected therewith. In the management of this institu- tion, the doctor found a sphere congenial to his order of mind, and he soon won a reputation more than provincial. In a pre- eminent degree he possessed the qualities of mind and heart to insure success in his chosen field. His administrative ability was of a high order, he was prudent, practical and economical in his 148 management; and, averse to the use of too definitely written rules, preferring a frec[uent resort to hiaiself as the source of au- thority in the house which he controlled. His fine personnel, gentlemanly bearing, suave manners and cheerful disposition, gained for him at once the confidence and esteem of his asso- ciates, and the public as well. Whilst Dr. Waddell was urbane, generous and forgiving, yet he possessed great firmness of char- acter ; when opposed in his cherished views or plans, his op- jjonent found "afoeman worthy of his steel." Dr. Waddell continued Superintendent of the asylum at St. John, from De- cember, 1849, until the ist of May, 1875, a period extending up- \vards of twenty-six years, and during all that time he labored with great assiduity, and with marked success in the medical treatment of the patients, the general management of the house, and in all that pertained to the prosperity of the institution. Far the best part of his life was devoted to a noble purpose, caring for the helpless and insane, going in and out among them at all hours of the day and night, ministering to their dis- eased bodies and minds, performing the office of a faithful physician. Early in the history of this Association, Dr. Waddell became an active member, taking a deep interest in its work and earnestly promoting its welfare. His agreeable social qualities, varied information and practical good sense, made him a great favorite among the members of the Association. On the doc- tor's retiring from the Superintendency of the asylum, he again took up his residence at Truro, his birthplace, where he himself, and his friends, hoped he might enjoy many years of quiet and peace, after his arduous life duties had been so well performed. But this hope was not realized ; the good doctor had almost finished his course ; he had well nigh tallen before his armor was removed. The watching, the anxiety too long continued with- out sufficient aid, had so WTought upon his physical system and mind, that a nervous affection fastened upon him to which he soon succumbed. On Thursday, the 29th of August, 1878, our friend, a Christian gentleman, passed away peacefully to his rest and his reward. '49 Di\ Thomas F. Green was born in Beaufort, S. C, on the 25th of December, 1804. He died in Midway, Georgia, on the 13th of February, 1879, of apoplexy, while Superintendent of the Georgia Lunatic .Asylum. His parents were of the best class of Irish people. His father, a warm-hearted, highly educated, enthusiastic young Irish patriot, joined in the ill-fated rebel! i(jn ' of 1798, was forced to flee the country ; his wife, who was a Fitz- gerald, a lady of noble blood, came with him to America, lie had no fortune save his talents, no friends save those he wpn by his virtues. He began to teach, and as a teacher came to Beau- fort, S. C. Here his eldest son, Thomas Fitzgerald, was born. He removed to Savannah, Georgia, where he taught a high school and was then elected a Professor in the Georgia University at Athens. He afterwards removed to Milledgeville, the capital of Georgia, and here the son was educated. He was past his majo- rity when he studied medicine and began to practice. He loca- ted in Milledgeville and was doing well as a physician when the current of his life was changed, and turned into a direction which was to be full of blessings to his race. A northern philanthro- pist, who was interested in the welfare of the insane, visited Mil- ledgeville to suggest and advocate the establishment of an asylum for them. He called a meeting of a (ew gentlemen of broad views and generous hearts and laid his plans before them. The warm heart of Dr. Thomas F. Green became much interested in the great question presented, and he gave it close attention. He was connected with the first effort made to secure the grant from the Legislature. In 1846 he succeeded Dr. Cooper as Superin- tendent of the Asylum. He continued in the office for thirty- three years. It was very small when he took hold of it. It be- came a grand institution, one of the largest in the Southern States, when he was called by death from it. Dr. Green in person was short, stout, of broad, grand, humane countenance, in his youth handsome, and in his old age venera- ble. He was full of life, cheerful, merry, courteous, conside- rate. He was a sincere Christian, in his home life a model, one of the most benevolent and unselfish of men. He was devoted to the Institution 3 he literally lived for the Asylum. He thought ISO of it, talked of it all the time. His success in the management of it was marvellous and the blessed results of his work cannot be told in time. He was a delightful companion, a true and sympathizing friend, a man whom all loved, and one worthy of all the honor heaped upon him. The moral grandeur of his character was best illustrated by the interest he manifested in the unfortunate. Wm. S. Chipley, son of Rev. Stephen and Amelia S'tout Chip- ley, was born at Lexington, Kentucky, Oct. i8, 1810, being the third child of his parents. He inherited from both parental lives a firm and vigorous organization, including a large and well-balanced brain with great intellectual potentialities. He received an academical education, and afterward the degree of Doctor of Medicine i''i832) from the Transylvania University : which for many years was the most prominent educational estab- lishment west of the Allegheny mountains. Soon after gradu- ating he commenced the practice of medicine in Columbus, Georgia, where, with the ardor of youthful ambition, and a con- sciousness of more than ordinary intellectual endowment, he developed not only a great interest in, but a capacity for politics and general affairs ; but returned to Lexington, Kentucky in 1844, and limited his activities to the cultivation and practice of his profession. Successful as a practitioner and reputable as a man of learning, he was elected to the chair of Theory and Practice of Medicine in the medical department of Transylvania in 1853, and delivered the lectures from that chair until called to the po- sition of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Kentucky, at Lexington, in 1855, then the oldest and, per- haps, largest public provision for the insane in the west : which position he occupied continuously for fifteen years, dis- charging the incumbent duties with ability and marked de- votion to the interests of the insane as well as the interests of the State. The asylum was greatly enlarged by new struc- tures, under his supervision, and ranked deservedly well among 151 the institutions of its class in America. Personal and politi- cal exigencies compelled Dr. Chipley to resign his superin- tendency in 1870 — soon after which he opened a private hos- pital for the insane at Lexington, which he conducted until 1875, when he accepted the Superintendency of the Cincinnati Sani- tarium, a private hospital for the insane, suburban to the city, the name of which it bears ; where, in the successful discharge of professional duties, February 11, 1880, he died of structural dis- ease, having nearly completed that term of years beyond which consciousness of existence is the chief compensation of life. Dr. Chipley was a man of imposing presence and dignified address. His characteristics as a man were loyalty to duty, principle and personal friendships. He was fond of society, especially of men, choosing by preference persons younger than himself. Professionally he was orthodox, adhering to the doc- trines and practices of the school from which he received in- struction . There was no smell of quackery in his garments. As an alienist he stood well with his co-laborers in the field of psychiatry — among his own people, prominent. His contribu- tions to the literature of science were not voluminous, but always respectable. He was an earnest, intelligent, sincere, practical man and jjhysician — a high-toned patriotic citizen, and under all circumstances a gentleman, in the American acceptance of that designation. While by his life he illustrated some of the more prominent virtues, claimed as peculiarly ''Christian," intellectually he re- jected the pretentions of Christian theology, and died as he had lived, a philosopher. His remains were returned to the earth, and repose in the cem- etery at Lexington, Kentucky, surrounded by -scenery endeared to him by all the incidents of a happy childhood, and the achieve- ments of an active and successful career. Dr. Joseph T. Webb was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1827. Here he received his preliminary education. He entered the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Ohio, and graduated with honors in the year 1848. Soon ^afterward he began the study of medicine in the office of his father, an eminent phy- sician of ChilHcot-he, and in due time matriculated at the Tran- sylvania ]Medical College, Lexington, Kentucky, where he grad- uated in 1852. He there opened an office and continued the practice of medicine in the city of Cincinnati until 1858, when he engaged in the manufacture of varnish in partnership with John Piaff, and continued in this business until t!ie opening of the war, in 1861, wlien he entered the volunteer service of the United States Army, as Surgeon of the 23d Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, in which capacity he served until the close of the war, in 1865. Not long after this date he married Miss Anna Matthews, and traveled throughout Europe until 1871, when he was elected Superintendent of Longview Asylum for the Insane. He re- signed this office in 1S74, on account of ill health, and trav.eled again over Europe and America in the hope that change of air and location might be found of benefit to him. He died at Minneapolis, Minnesota, April 27, 1880, at the age of fifty-three. Thus passed away the soldier, the scholar and the gentleman in the prime of life, in the midst of his family and friends, sur- rounded by all that wealth, honor and distinction could procure. He was a man of great executive abih'ty, generous, sympathetic, imi)ulsive, and in his nature, kind and obliging, a true friend and a true gentleman. He was brother-in-law of Hon. R. 13. Hayes, ex-President of the United States, and also of Hon. Stanley Matthews, Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. Dr. Robert F. Baldwin, the eldest son of Dr. A. Stewart Bald- win and Catharine Mackey, was born in Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia, on the i6th day of August, 1829. As a child he was exceedingly attractive, possessed of rare personal beauty and a merry, joyous temper. As a youth, he was vigorous in healtlv, attentive to his studies, entered with ardor into all the ^d3 sports of boyhood, excelled in horse-back riding, and was gen- erous to a fault. Blessed with parents whose great aim was al- ways to make home the most attractive spot, and surrounded by very favorable circumstances, he early developed those domestic traits which made him, in after years, so thoroughly to centre his happiness in home life. After attending the academy in Winchester for several years, and impressed with the idea that he should follow in the footsteps of his father and grand-fathers, all of whom had gained high reputations as physicians, he entered the office of his father and his uncle. Dr. Robert F. Baldwin, as a medical student. Subsequently spending the year 1848-9 at the University of Virginia, thence he went to the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in medicine in 1851. Re- maining during the summer in hospital practice in Philadelphia, he returned to Winchester and commenced the practice of med- icine in partnership with his father. He rapidly gained the confidence of the intelligent and refined community in which he lived, and in a few years had a well-established practice. He was so highly esteemed by his professional brethren that they often called him to their assistance in consultation. In October, 1856, he married Miss Carrie Barton, of Virginia, a lovely bride, who ever afterwards adorned with excellence, grace and affec- tion, his family and social circle. At the beginning of the sectional war of 1861, he espoused the cause of his native State, was commissioned a Colonel of Militia, and assigned to the 3TSt Virginia Infantry. While attempting to check the advance of a greatly superior force under General Lander, near Bath, in W^est Virgina, he, with a few of his com- mand, after a gallant resistance, was captured. In this action he bore himself with such gallantry and cool courage as to excite the admiration of General Lander, which was expressed in ap- propriate terms, in after years, by a member of his staff, when returning his sword, surrendered on that occasion. Remaining in Camp Chase and Fort Warren until 1862, he was exchanged and returned to Richmond, where he was commissioned a Sur- geon and assigned to duty with the 5th Virginia Infantry, in the Stonewall brigade. He served with this command for several 154 months, but owing to some dyspeptic trouble, he was reh'eve:! from field duty, ordered to Staunton, and assigned as Surgeon in charge of a general hospital. He discharged his duties in that capacity with great acceptability, and there develoj^ed the ad- ministrative talents for which he was afterward conspicuous when called to another field of usefulness. Returning to Win- chester in if the more recent death of Dr. Robert F. Baldwin, Superin- tendent of the Western Lunatic Asylum. When elected a few years ago he was an eminent physician in the full practice of his profession. He entered upon the discharge of his duties at the Asylum with a high sense of the responsibilities whicli belonged to the office, and so bore himself as very soon to win the confi- dence of all by his ability, faithfulness and diligence in the dis- charge of the great trust. His death is a loss to the institution and to the profession of which he was so honored a member." His remains rest peacefully at a spot of his own selection in the beautiful valley which was the scene of his labors. His mem- ory will long remain green in the hearts of the* Virginia people, and may well be cherished by this Association as one, who in the few years of his membership, devoted the best energies and impulses of his nature to aid in its chief object,— the ameliora- tion of the condition of the insane. Wm, Maclay Awl was born in Harrisburg, Penn'a, on May 24, 1799, his mother having been a lineal descendant of John Har- ris who founded Harrisburg, and the daughter of Wm. Maclay, the first Senator of the United States froq.i Pennsylvania; and M'hile quite young the family moved to a farm at a short distance from Sunbury, Penn'a. When fifteen years of age he was sent to the Academy in Northumberland kept by Rev. Isaac Greer and after his death by his ^on Robert C. Greer, afterwards Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, and there he acquired all his preliminary education. He studied medicine with Dr. Samuel Agnew, of Harrisburg. He attended one course of lec- tures in the session of 1819-20 in the University of Pennsylva- jiia, which seems to have been the only course he attended. '58 though he recei\ed the honorary degree of M. D. at a later date from Jefferson College. In the spring of 1826 he started on foot for Ohio and settled first at Lancaster, and an important surgical operation there performed gave him his first introduction into practice. After moving several times from place to place he finally settled in Columbus, Ohio, in 1833. His attention was first called to the care of the insane by a case which occurred while in Somerset, Ohio, which he was called upon to treat, a case of violent acute mania. Shortly after his settlement in Columbus an epidemic of Cholera occurred which gave him alnmdant opportunities of practice in the community at large and also in the Penitentiary. On Jan. 5, 1835, he attended a convention of medical men of Ohio which had been called by himself and several others to take some measures towards the care of the insane and the education of the blind. A memorial was presented to the Legislature on these subjects, and an appropriation was obtained towards the erection of a hospital for the insane, and Dr. Awl was appointed one of the Trustees to build it. He in company with two others visited the Eastern and Middle States to gain information on the subject. The building was completed in 1838 and Dr. Awl re- signed as 'i'rustee and was appointed Superintendent. He was one of the originators of the Ohio Listitution for the liiind arid was always dee])ly interested in that Institution and was physician of it at the time of his death. He continued in charge of the Lunatic Asylum until 1850 when he was displaced by that system of ])olitical appointment which has so unfortu- natel}' prevailed in CTliio from fhat day to this. Dr. Awl was one of the original thirteen members of this Asso- ciation and always manifested a warm interest in all its proceed- ings. He was Vice President from 1846 to 1848 and President from 1848 to 1851. He was also one of the original members of the American Medical Association, of which he was one of the first Vice Presidents. "In 1861 he was appointed by Gov. Deni- son one of the Board of Medical Examiners for surgeons of the Ohio Regiments and was President of that Board durins? its ex- 159 islence. In iSGz Gov. Tod apj^ointecl him Superintendent of the State Capitol, which office he held for six years. In 1873 Gov. Allen appointed him Physician to the Blind Asylum, which office he held to the close of his life and prepared his last report only a few days before his death." He attended the meeting of the Association in Philadelphia in 1876. For several years he had been suffering from a complication of disorders and passed away cjuietly on November 19, 1876. He had for many years been a member and elder in the'Presbyterian Church. Dr. Awl was of a cheerful, lively disposition with a great fund of natural genial humor which made him a very plea- sant companion and united with great tact and sound common sense, served him admirably in deah'ng with the insane. Dr. Clement Adams ^^'alker was born in Fryeburg, Maine, July 3, 1820. He died suddenly after several years serious illness April 26, 1883, being 62 years and 9 months of age. His boy- hood was passed near the White Mountains of New Hampshire and almost in the shadow of Mt. Kearsage. The beautiful Saco intervale and Jockey Cap over-looking Lovewell's Pond, often recalled to him the stirring traditions of Indian warfare. He fitted for college at the Fryeburg Academy, a school once honored by the instructions of Daniel Webster, and still floui- i.shing. He graduated at Dartmouth College in the somewhat remarkable class of 1842, of which he was not the least distin- guished member. Among his classmates and college-mates I now recall Hon. L. F. Brigham, late Chief Justice of the Supe- rior Court of Massachusetts; Hon. Isaac Ames, late Judge of Probate for Suffolk County ; Rev. Dr. Samuel J. Spalding, of Nevvburyport ; Dr. J. Baxter Upham, of Boston, and Dr. John E. Tyler, for many years Superintendent of the McLean Asylum at Somerville, and an honored member of this Association. He enjoyed the life-long friendship of all these and many others of his class. His intimacy with Dr. Tyler began in College and i6o continued with more than brotherly affection until the death of the latter, a few years ago. His power of making and keeping friends was one of the strongest points of his character. During his college career his health gave way and he traveled in the South, teaching school in Virginia and making some valu- able acquaintances there. He had suffered from hemorrhage from the lungs, which led his friends to fear a fjtal result. He aftervvards acquired an apparently vigorous jjhysique which was severely tested by his thirty years of active hospital life. He was a little above the medium height and became stout in middle life. His eyes were dark and piercing, his lips expressive of firmness, the nose large and his hair straight and jet black in youth, but turning at thirty-five to white, with his snowy beard gave him the aspect of a vigorous old age in early manhood. He graduated in medicine at Harvard University in 1850, and began practice at South Boston under Dr. Charles H. Stedman, who was then physician to all the city institutions located there, including the Boston Lunatic Hospital. In 1847-9, ^vhen cho- lera and ship-fever were prevalent among the poor emigrants at the quarantine station at Deer Island, he volunteered with his classmate, Dr. Upham, to assist in the fever-sheds and rude hos- pitals erected there for temporary use. He entered on the work of managing these unfamiliar and dreaded diseases with charac- teristic promptness, courage and skill. Dr. Upham's reputation was speedily established by an able monograph on ship-fever ; and Dr. Walker's no less so by his success in dealing with the intractable diseases above mentioned. July i, 1851, Dr. Walker was appointed Superintendent of the Boston Lunatic Hospital, which position he held until his resignation on account of ill- health, January i, 1881, a period of nearly thirty years. This hospital, built in 1839, had been in charge of Dr. Butler, its first superintendent, and Dr. Stedman, whom Dr. Walker suc- ceeded, a period of twelve years. In its rear was a semi-de- tached building known as the ''Cottage," fitted up with cells like those of a police station, for the violent insane. Such cells were supposed to be a necessary adjunct to an hospital for the insane in those days. Dr. Walker at once advised their disuse, and, in > i6i a short time, succeeded in having them abandoned by gradually pLicing their occupants into the wards of the main building. He thus became the pioneer in the discontinuance of cells in the treatment of the insane in this country. He was remarkable for bringing things to pass. Whatever he took in hand he gave his whole mind to ; and his clear intelligence, strong will, and skill- fu\ management accomplished many things seemingly impossible. In the care of the insane, these ([ualities gave him a great advan-. tage over obstacles, and exerted a powerful moral influence upon patients and their friends. He never knew when to give up a case. With death at the very door he persisted in active and sometimes successful treatment. - While not neglecting judicious alimentation he had more faith in medicines than is fashionable at present. Wdiile life lasted there was not only hope, but active help for all his patients. In many ways he improved his hospi- tal, elevated the standard of treatment, diminished restraint, and brought about needed changes and reforms. For many years his advice was implicitly relied on by successive Boards of Visitors and Directors, He early recognized the necessity for better accommodations for the city's insane, and for years labored earnestly for this ob- ject, until success nearly crowned his efforts, A site for a new- hospital was purchased, plans made and adopted, and an appro- ]:>riation passed only to be vetced by the Mayor, who opposed the project. It was said that the site was exposed, remote and difficult of access. But the substitute hospital at Danvers is as much exposed, ten times as remote and far more difficult of ac- cess. The site at Winthrop, said to be uninhabitable, is sur- rounded by dwellings, newly erected, is reached hourly by rail, and has just been sold for three times its cost to the city. This veto was a severe blow to his hopes, and he had only the sad sat- isfaction of seeing the city's plan of construction adopted at Danvers and of having the medical supervision of the work in behalf of the Commission which had it in charge. As an expert in mental disease, Dr. Walker was frequently called in Court in his own and other states. His opinions being deliberately formed and clearly expressed, carried weight in con- 1 62 sequence. His written opinions, reports and medical papers were always carefully prepared, condensed in expression and log- ical in method. His hand-writing even expressed his character, in its peculiar squareness and solidity. In dealing with men, a rare combination of strength of mind, sound judgment, tact and well-chosen language gave him great influence and made him a a safe adviser, a useful advocate and friend. He made the most humble, whose cause he espoused, feel that his chief desire for the moment was to serve his interests. The patience with which he entered into the details of another's troubles, or listened to the tedious recital of symptoms, was only equalled by the persist- ency with which he devoted himself to their relief. He left no stone unturned to accomplish his benevolent purposes. He was large-hearted, sympathetic and generous to a fault, and now and then was made the prey of ingenious schemers through an excess of misdirected sympathy. His social feelings were strong and his acquaintance grew in many directions. He was prominent in the Masonic order, reaching the highest degree attainable in a very short period, and devoting much time and energy to the subject while his interest lasted. He was an active member of this Association from 1851 until a short time before his death, and was your President for three years preceding his resignation of that office in 1882. When in good health he was usually present and took a leading part in your deliberations. During the war he was appointed Inspector of Hospitals and made a tour of service in the West. In 1872 he made a brief visit to Europe. A (ew years since, by the influence of the German Consul, he was presented with the decoration of an order of nobility for his humane treatment of an insane German citizen in Boston. He was a member of numerous medical societies, a complete list of which cannot be given at present. Dr. AValker was buried with Masonic honors and his funeral was attended by many of those whose physician, friend, or bene- factor he had been. Many a depressed and despairing sufferer whose burden he had lightened or removed has reason to bless his memory and to mourn his loss. You may perhaps ask if there was no defect or weakness in this excellent character I have i63 attempted to describe. I should reply that there were many, but they were the defects of an exceptionally strong and noble nature. The world is full of minds made up of weaknesses in every pos- sible combination and we need no such examples. Here was a man of positive qualities, of great natural strength and excel- lence, whose influence was remarkable upon all with whom he came in contact. Let us then emulate the good and forget the weakness that was in him, since we may soon need a like charity for our own numerous failings. I cannot better close this sketch than by adding the following words by the Rev. Edward Everett Hale : " He was the personal friend of every patient, and brought to the miracle of cure the only power which can effect it, — the loving sympathy of the physician. He fairly commanded his broken patients, in instan- ces too many to name, by what we choose to call the magnetic power of his personal care. They believed in him. They did what he bade them. Behind all the resources of medicine and treatment, he had this requisite of victory, that he made them believe they would get well. Thirty years of such life exhausted him completely. We wonder that he lived so long. You cannot give out forever. Two years since he retired from the charge of the hospital, and, after a period of rest, which did fully restore him, he entered into private practice at the South end. But the end had really come. Symptoms of disease again and again alarmed his friends though nothing would alarm him ; and now, too soon for them, they have to dei)lore his sudden death. One looks at it as at the loss of a soldier who is shot down in battle at the head of a column. Any one who remembers, as the writer of these lines does, the homes this man has made happy, the lives he has restored to duty and joy; and who knows that in working such cure, his will, his resolution and determination were eating away even in the power of life by which he wrought them, feels that here is, indeed, one instance more of the way in which a brave man is willing to die for mankind." i64 Dr. Isaac Ray was so intimatel}^ known to the members of this Association, and was so universally honored for his great abihty and the general soundness of his views on all subjects on which he wrote, that little more can be said in the necessarily limited space to which a notice of him, for insertion in the proceedings of the Association, must be confined. The death of Dr. Ray leaves but three of the original members of this body— two with their armor still on, and in active service, while the third enjoys, in his retirement, the honors due to long and faithful labor in this field of benevolent usefulness. Dr. Ray was one of the '' original thirteen " Superintendents who established "The Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane" in 1844 ; was its Presi-. dent from 1855 to 1859, and always took a very marked interest in its proceedings. His papers read at its meetings were numer- ous and of great ability. Many of these cannot fail to take a permanent place in the literature of the profession. Dr. Ray formed the highest estimate of the importance of this Association and of the value of the work which it had done, and especially believed that to it the insane were to look for most of the changes which were likely to be made in their care and management, which could lay any claim to be for tiieir best interests or really worthy of the name of progress. Its •' propositions," now more than a quarter of a century old, and having stood the test of trial in every section of the country, had in him a staunch defender, and his practical knowledge and extended observation of other systems gave to his views an especial worth. At the meeting of this Association in Providence, in 1879, he was the recipient of distinguished honors from his old associates and friends from the Rhode Island State Medical Society, of which he had been President, and from Brown University, which, on this occasion conferred on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Law, Of the principles established by the Association, Dr. Ray, like all his most experienced brethren, was particularly decided in regard to the importance of a proper organization. He knew, from extended observation of other schemes, that only a single head, controlling, as he must have the responsibility of all depart* ^65 ments. can be relied on for a permanenily successful administra- tion, and he lost no suitable opportunity for enunciating this most important principle, no departure from which he believed -could ever be justified as tending to promote the best interests of the insane. The subject of this memoir becam-e a fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia in July, 1868 ; he was always interest- ■ed in its proceedings, often reading valuable original papers, and generally participating in its discussions. 'J1ie estimate in which he was held by his associates was shown by the action of the Col- lege on the occasion of his death, and by the resolutions subse- <[uently adopted and ordered to be entered on its minutes. It may safely be said that few men, at home or abroad, have attained 41 higher eminence as members of the medical profession, as di- rectors of institutions for the treatment of the insane, and as writers on insanity and medical jurisprudence, than Dr. Ray. He became a resident of Philadelphia in the autumn of 1867, iind from that time took an active interest in whatever tended to advance the welfare and prosperity of his adopted home. He was a frequent contributor to the daily press, and almost all the subjects that were generally discussed, in one way or another, had the benefit of his mature judgment and thoughtful consider- ation. He was always ready to give his time to the promotion of objects of benevolence, and to render assistance to those who were specially unfortunate, and his very extended and varied ex- perience secured for his opinions a more than ordinary degree of respect and public confidence, Dr, Isaac Ray was a native of Massachusetts. Born of highly respectable parents, in the town of Beverly, on the i6th of Jan- uary, 1807, he there commenced his earliest education, subse- <|uently entering Phillips Academy at Andover, and afterwards Bowdoin College, where he remained till compelled by ill-health to leave his studies, which he had been prosecuting with great assiduity. As soon as his health was sufficiently restored, he be- gan the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Hart, of Beverly, completing his studies under Dr. Shattuck, a distinguished phy- sician in Boston, and ultimately graduating at the Medical De- i66 paifment of Harvard University, in 1827. .In that year he begar* the practice of his profession at Portland, Maine, and while there he delivered his first course of lectures on botany — a branch of science for which he had a great fondness. It was at one of these lectures that he first met the lady whom he subsequently married in 1831, Miss Abigail May Frothingham, a daughter of the late Judge Frothingham of Portland, who still survives him and with whom he lived in a most happy union for a period of just two months less than fifty years. FroAi this marriage two children were born — a daughter, with rare traits of loveliness, vvho died at the age of fourteen, and a son, to whom further allusion will be made in a later part of this notice. About two years after Dr. Ray had commenced the practice of medicine in Portland, Maine, inducements were offered to him to leave that city and settle in Eastport, in the same state ; there, soon after, he fixed, as he then supposed, his permanent resi- den ce. It was at this time, while living in Eastport, that Dr. Ray first had his interest excited on the subject of insanity and the treat- ment of the. insane, and especially in reference to matters con- nected with the branch of medical jurisprudence relating to it. The prevalent views on all these subjects were then far behind what are common at the present day, and led Dr. Ray to prepare a work, "The Jurisprudence of Insanity," since generally rec- ognized as one of the highest authorities in this department of medico-legal knowledge, and quoted alike by alienists, lawyers and all others interested in the subject, at home and abroad. No better evidence of its being generally appreciated need be given than the fact that six editions have been exhausted in this country, while it was a source of grief to Dr. Ray that his con- dition of health rendered it impossible for him to prepare a seventh, which had been asked for by his publishers, and for which he had on hand interesting and important materials. The steady increase of popularity attained by the " Jurisprudence of Insanity," as might have been anticipated, led to a change in 'the tone of the criticisms made in regard to it. From beinc: \ 167 original!}- adverse in many quarters, they became highly com- mendatory everywhere. Dr. Ray was appointed Medical Sujjerintendent of the State Hospital for the Insane, at Augusta, Maine, in the }ear 1841, and this led to his permanent removal from Eastport. He immedi- ately assumed the duties of this position, residing in the institu- tution till he v>'as invited by the Board of Trustees of the Butler Hospital at Providence, Rhode Island — which was then about to be organized — to become its Superintendent. The experience of hospital life and management in a State institution was of great importance to Dr. Ray. It enabled him to detect and expose many of the weak points to which this class of hospitals is made liable, and gave to the emphatic views which he afterwards expressed, a particular value, from the practical nature of the observations which had led to them. He never failed to censure in the strongest terms the evil results of a politi- cal management, of giving to the directors of such institutions a personal and pecuniary interest in their business affairs, and of confiding to those in no way qualified by education and expe- rience the control of the important matters of treatment and government assigned to them. He was always ready to denounce an institution without a head, as much as one with many heads, as a monstrosity that could not, unless under extraordinary cir- cumstances, be more than a temporary success ; and his enuncia- tion of sound views on all such subjects, on all proper occasions, has exercised an important influence in every part of the country. Dr. Ray found his position at Providence a specially pleasant one. His labor was much less arduous than it had previously been ; he was enabled to carry out his own well-considered plans, and it afforded him a long-desired opportunity to visit many of the more prominent institutions for the insane in Great Britain and on the Continent. The fruits of abundant practical knowl- edge and a careful study of the whole subject, gave him special qualifications in these investigations to detect errors, and to make a trustworthy comparison of the actual advantages and dis- advantages to be found in the institutions at home and abroad. i68 With this view Dr. Ray sailed for Europe soon after his appoint- ment, and in this manner passed the summer months of 1845. He spent the next two years in superintending the erection of the Butler Hospital, which was opened for the -e retUon of patients in 1847. Then taking up his residence in the hospital, he re- mained there superintending its affairs with great ability, and to the satisfaction of all who were in any way connected with it, till January, 1867, when his impaired health compelled him to resign this position to which he was so much attached, and in which he had done so much to elevate the standard of hospital treatment for the insane. This relief from labor and from all the cares and anxieties unavoidably incident to the conscientious su- perintendence of a hospital of this description made him greatly enjoy a rest, such as he had never before taken except during the trip to Europe. He spent most of the year in visiting his pro- fessional brethren indifferent parts of the country, and in select- ing a place for his permanent residence, finally accepting the city of Philadelphia. Here he continued to live at his residence on Baring Street till his death on the morning of the 3rst of March, 1881, being then in the seventy-fifth year of his age. The change from a New England climate to that of Philadel- phia, and the rest from constant labor which was permitted him, made a great improvement in Dr. Ray's health. He increased his literary work, enjoyed engaging in matters of general public interest, and found himself able to take an amount of physical exercise to which of late he had been a stranger. His regained strength enabled him also to accept calls in consultation from his professional brethren, and especially as an expert in legal and criminal cases in which his services were frequently solicited. Dr. Ray was a member of many professional and scientific asso- ciations. Wherever he was thus associated he was noted for his active interest, and for the part he took in the preparation of pa- pers, and his participation in any discussions that might take place. Dr. Ray was one of the founders of the Social Science Association, and was always an intelligent studeiit of every sub- ject which came under its consideration. His papers read before it, and his views in all matters that received its attention, were 169 distinguished for practical good sense and advanced conclusions in regard to the welfare of the communit}'. He was, at^one time, a most useful member of the Board of Guardians of Philadelphia, giving his valuable time to the duties <»f the post, which, conscientiously performed, could not fail to be oneroiis. His experience and his devotion to the insane led him to take an active part in the work of that department. He was not long in detecting its grave defects, and in suggesting the l*roper remedies; but the minority, with which he acted, had the power to introduce but a few of the reforms which they knew to be indispensable. It is one of the remarkable events of the times that the public authorities were willing to dispense with the unre- munerated services of such a man as Dr, Ray, to make a place for some one who had not, and who from his previous life could not have, the first element of knowledge fitting him for a post, one of th€ most important duties of which was to secure for the insane a hberal and enlightened treatment. Dr. Ray delivered two courses of lectures on *' Insanity and Medical Jurisprudence" before the class of one of the medical colleges of Philadelphia, but, as usually happened in regard to his public labors of the kind, they were without compensation, and demanded an amount of time which he could ill afford te continue to give. While it must be acknowledged that it is not easy to give such a course of instruction to students as Dr. Ray was competent to impart, still it must be conceded that lectures of this kind in every medical school would do much to advance the study of mental diseases and their treatment ; would make the profession, and through it the public, better able to detect the many defective schemes of organization now presented for hospitals for the insane, and would lead to a much higher order of discussions in many of the meetings held ostensibly for the special improvement of the care of the insane, and in others in which their management of late has seemed to be the Hivorite subject for consideration. Dr. Ray was about the medium stature, but did not possess a very robust constitution. His features were marked and his gen- eral expression grave. He had an abundance of ratlier stiff hair, widch of late years was entirely wliite, and from his way of treat- ing it, it was commonly somewhat in disorder. His manner was- dignified, his language clear and distinct, and in speaking or writing he always used a pure English, and attracted the atten- tion of his auditors no less by his personil aj^pearance than by his manner of delivery and the matter of his remarks. Dr. Ray, for many years, had been troubled with a chronic cough which seemed to be bronchial in its character. Although annoying, this cough did not appear m.iterially to affect his gen- eral health, and after taking counsel from the most able of his medical brethren, he seemed to have concluded that his malady was one not likely to be removed by treatment. The great change in Dr. Ray's health, which occurred in the latter part of' JS79, was evidently more the result of a great and unexpected family affliction, than of his previous condition. His only son^ Dr. B. Lincoln Ray, was a highly educated physician, living with his parents in Philadelphia, greatly valued by them, and dis- tinguished as a student and writer of very marked ability. Of vigorous personal appearance, he nevertheless was conscious for some time before his death, of an impending cerebral malady, which gave him very serious apprehensions. On the evening of ?he 7th of December, 1879, these indications of brain trouble were suddenly developed into an acute attack, which, with great suffering, ended his life in the short ].eriod of forty-two hours. To this only son, his ])arents had looked forward as a comfort and support in their advancing age. 'l'he\ had been proud of his abilities, and frcm his filial devotion, and as an appreciative ex])onent of his views, his honored father had hoped to have jus- tic done to his labors, as an author, by one abundantly capable to give a proper exposure to those wdio had not hesitated to use his thoughts and occasionally his very language, while forgetting to give the slightest word of acknowledgment. It was not won- derful that the sudden death of this son, at the meridian of life, should have left results of no ordinary character. This sad event, so unlooked for, was a shuck to the father, which did more to prostrate his health and strength than would ha\e been done 171 by years of customary labor. With his intimate friends he was stili the same genial character, still interested in whatever con- cerned his profession or his fellow man ; but he ceased to write, complained of what had formerly been a pleasure now becoming a toil to him ; found his flesh wasting and his strength diminish- ing, and frequently showed a sadness quite unnatural to him. Gradually he became less and less able to take his usual amount of out-door exercise, or to attend to the calls of professional business. From the early part of December, 1880, he remained in his house, still seeing his friends, interested in his books and in what was going on in the world and in his specialty, but stea- dily losing weight and strength. To avoid the fatigue of going up stairs, he ultimately made his library, in the second story, his lodging room, and spent the greater part of every day at his front window in the adjoining apartment, reclining in an easy chair — a highly valued present, years before, from a beloved professional brother — and looking out from it upon what was passing on the active thoroughfare before him, and on the beautiful gardens of the houses opposite his residence. From his daily increasing weakness his friends realized that the end must be near. On the evening of the -^ist of March, 1881, he retired at about the usual hour. After being in bed he had one troublesome spell of coughing, but then sle])t quietly? only once in the early morning, inquiring the hour. So peacefully did he rest, and so calm was his sleep, that he made no sound of any kind, nor moved a mus- cle, as far as could be heard ; and when approached somevN'hat later, there had been no change in his position, but life had de- parted, and only what was mortal remained of this noble and useful man. Dr. Ray was a man of great versatility of talent. His ability as a writer is well known, and his conversational powers were remarkable. He had a great facility in adapting himself to any society in which he might be placed, and was equally agreeable to the grave professional man, or to the specialist, as to those of tenderest age, with whom he was usually a great favorite. While to a stranger Dr. Ray's manner might at first appear somewhat austere, this impression was removed by a very limited inter- 172 course. By his intimate friends and associates he was specially honored and esteemed and no one was more cordially welcomed in the social circle. A list of Dr. Ray's writings, which has been preserved, shows how industrious an author he was, and how multifarious were the subjects in which he took an interest. From 1828, when his first publication of which any record has been kept, was made, down to t88o, during which year he published his last contributions in the press, it will be seen that but a single year passed in which something original was not noted. Dr. R. H. Gale was born in Owen County, Kentucky, on the twenty-fifth day of January, 1828. His life, though cut off a little past middle age, was singularly eventful. Graduating when (^uite young from Transylvania University at Lexington in his native state, he entered the office of his father, an eminent and popular physician, as well as a wealthy and influential man, and after the usual term of pupilage, under the care of so interested and capable a preceptor, he was enrolled in the classes of the Jefferson Medical College of 1847 and 48, graduating with excel- lent standing the latter year. His first location in the pursuit of his profession was at Covington, Kentucky, where it is said his practice was signalized from the beginning by marked success. While in this field he became a staff officer of the Cincinnati Commercial Hospital. After very creditable public service and while possessed of a flattering and remunerative private clientage, he was induced by his family and their friends to change his loca- tion to the midst of the community in wiiich he had been reared : where his personal worth was appreciated, it might be said, to a degree of partiality, and his professional capability and skill were recognized at once. A man of lively sympathies and of a generous and genial nature, he could never feel indifferent as to whatever affected in any way those among whom he lived and moved. He was distinctly and distinctively one of the people. Influenced by their wishes, he was twice elevated bv their suffra- 173 ges to the office of County and Probate Judge of Owen County. Subsequently he served his county one or more terms in the leg- islative councils of the State, assuming a prominent part in their proceedings and leaving a highly creditable and flattering record. At the beginning of the war, impelled by his ardent sympathies with the South, he entered the service of the Confederate States in Col. D. Harvard Smith's regiment, which constituted a por- tion of Gen. John H. Morgan's famous command. His health failing from the energetic ]jerformance of his very arduous du- ties, he was obliged to resign his position and quit the service. After the war, he settled in Louisville where he immediately rea- lized the eminence which he had already achieved. He very soon commanded a lucrative practice and assumed a prominent place upon the staff of the City Hospital, where, his tastes affecting surgery most, he took an enviable stand among the many power- ful and eminent men then and still identified with the specialty in that institution. Besides devoting considerable time to clini- cal teaching in the hospital, he also gave lectures for several sea- sons in the Louisville Medical College. He was chosen about the same time Secretary, who was also ex-ofificio financial mana- ger of the Physician's Medical Aid Society. In 1873, he was api^ointed Surgeon to the Louisville, Cincinnati and Lexington Railroad, and a year later by the Paducah road to a similar posi- tion. In this capacity he served these roads till 1879, when he was a])pointed by Gov. Blackburn as Superintendent of the Cen- tral Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, in which position he continued till thiC day of his death which occurred, as remarkable, on the day fixed for his resignation of the office to take effect. Lately, Dr. Gale had realized, very sensibly and painfully, the aptness of the pithy and pointed words of somebody, that "a superintend- ent of an asylum for the insane dwells ever upon a volcano liable at any moment to erupt a catastrophe." He was both confining and indulgent and trusted his subordinates perha];s unduly. Un- fortunate occurrences, concealed from him, led to charges which challenged investigation and which eventuated in confirmation. Although the great mass of the testimony in the j^remises went very far to exculpate Dr. Gale himself, and to establish the good- 174 ness of his nature and efficiency of his management, still the worry and anxiety incidental to tlie proceedings so preyed upon his sensitive feelings and already failing health, as, no doubt, to hasten his death. In 1846, when in his nineteenth year, Dr. Gale was married to Miss M. C. Green, a most charming and estimable lady, whose death in 1880 preceded his own. As the fruit of this union three children survive their parents, one son and two daughters, all married. Only a few weeks ago he was joined in a second mar- riage ; this time to Mrs. Susan Bryant, an amiable and excellent lady, the daughter of Dr. Hughes, a gentleman of fine fortune and great influence, residing near Springfield, Kentucky. In his |)ersonality Dr. Gale was a man physically of an exceptionally fine order j of commanding size he was well proportioned, gain- ly and graceful. Socially he was genial and unreserved, while lie excelled as an agreeable and entertaining conversationalist. Although possessed of mental endowments and culture much above the ordinary plane, still his breeding and native modesty would never allow these qualities to even seem obtrusive. He died at the residence of his son-in-law, Mr. J. C. Reid, in Owen County, near the place of his birth, on the 22d day of April, uU., in the fifty-seventh year of his age. 175 List of Officers of the Association. PRESIDENTS. Samuel B. Woodward, M. D 1844 to 1848 Wm. M. Awl, M. D 1848 to 1851 Luther V. Bell, M. D 1851 to 1855 Isaac Ray, M. D 1855 to 1859 Andrew McFarland, M. D 1859 to 1862 Thomas S. Kirkbride, M. D 1862 to 1870 John S. Butler, M. D 1S70 to 1873 Charles H. Nichols, M. D 1873 to 1879 Clement A. Walker, M. D 1879 to 1882 John H. Callender, M. D 1882 to 1883 John P. Gray, M. D 1883 to 1884 Pliny Earle, M. D 1884 to 1885 VICE PRESIDENTS. Samuel White, M. D 1844 to 1846 Wm. M. Awl, M. D 1846 to 1848, Amariah Brigham, M. D 1848 to 1850 Luther V. Bell, M. D 1850 to 1851 Isaac Ray, M. D 1851 to 1855 Thomas S. Kirkbride, M. D 1855 to 1862 John S. Butler, M. D 1862 to 1870 Charles H. Nichols, M. D 1870 to 1873 Clement A. Walker, M. D 1873 to 1879 John H. Callender, M. D 1879 to 1882 John P. Gray, M. D 1882 to 1883 Pliny Earle, M. D 1883 to 1884 O. Everts, M. D 1884 to 1885 176 SECRETARIES. Thomas S. Kirkbride, M. D 1844 to 185 1. Horace A. Buttolph, M. D 185 1 to 1854. Charles H. Nichols, M. D 1854 to 1858. John Curwen, M. D 1858 to TREASURERS. Thomas S. Kirkbride, M. D 1844 to 1855. John S. Butler, M. D 1855 to 1862, O. M. Langdon, M. D , . . . i8;52 to 1870, In 1870, the offices of Secretary and Treasurer were united and John Curwen, M. D., was chosen Treasurer in that year. i 177 Meetinors of the Association. The following statement gives the time, place and the number attending each meeting : I. Philadelphia .October 16, 1844 13. 3. Washington May 11, 1846 21. 3. New York May 8, 1848 20. 4. Utica May 21, 1849 ^7- 5. Boston June 18, 1850 28. 6. ' Philadelphia May 19, 1851 22. 7. New York May 18, 1852 .... 26. 8. Baltimore May 10, 1853 ... .20. 9. Washington ...May 9,1854 22. 10. Boston May 22, 1855 .26. 11. Cincinnati May 19, 1856 28. 12. New York May 19, 1857 35. 13. Quebec June 8,1858 24. 14. Lexington, Ky May 17, 1859 .... 17. 15. Philadelphia May 28, i860 34. 16. Providence, R. I June 10, 1862 20. 17. New York .May 19, 1863 25. 18. Washington May 10, 1864 20. 19. Pittsburgh June 13, 1865 19. 20. Washington Apr. 24, 1866 27. 21. Philadelphia May 21, 1867 32. 22. Boston . .• June 2, 1868 32. 2^. Staunton June 15, 1869 25. 24. Hartford June 15, 1870 39. 25. Toronto June 6, 1871 37. 26. Madison May 28, 1872 41. 178 27- Baltimore May 27, 1873 52 28. Nashville May 19, 1874 35 29. Auburn, N. Y May 18, 1875 49 30. Philadelphia J^^ne 13, 1876 56 31. St. Louis May 29, 1877 .... 40 32. Washington May 14, 1878 49 33. Providence June 10, 1879 47 34. Philadelphia May 25, 1880 49 35. Toronto June 14, 1881 40 36. Cincinnati May 30, 1882 41 37. Newport, R. I June 26, 1883 43 ^8. Philadelphia May 14, 1884 50 179 List of the Hospitals for the Insane In the United States and the British Provinces, with the names of their Superintendents and the dates of their terms of service, so far as they could be ascertained. MAINE. Hospital for the Insane, Augusta — October 14, 1840. Dr. Cyrus KnapjD took charge October 14, 1840 ; resigned April 14. 1841. Dr. Chaiincey Booth acted as Superintendent until August 12, 1841. Dr. Isaac Ray appointed August 12, 1841 ; resigned March 19, 1845- Dr. James Bates appointed March 19, 1845 ; resigned February i, 1851. Dr. Henry M. Harlow appointed June 17, 1852, having been acting Superintendent after Dr. Bates' resignation ] resigned June I, 1883. Dr. Bigelow T. Sanborn appointed June i, 1883. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Insane Asylum, Concord — October 28, 1842. Dr. George Chandler appointed March 6, 1842; resigned . 1845. Dr. A. McFarland appointed August 26, 1845 ; resigned July 30, 1852. i8o Dr. John E. Tyler appointed October 5, 1852 ; resigned April 15. 1857. Dr. J. P. Bancroft appointed May 7, 1857 ; resigned March 31, 1882. Dr. C. P. Bancroft appointed April i, 1882. VERMONT. Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro' — Opened December 12, 1836. Dr. William H. Rockwell appointed June 28, 1836 : resigned August ig, 1872. Dr. William H. Rockwell, Jr., appointed August 19, 1872 ; re- signed December 11, 1872. Dr. Joseph Draper appointed December 11, 1872. MASSACHUSETTS. McLean Asylum, Someryille — 18 18. Dr. Rufus Wyman appointed March 23, 181S : resigned ]\Iay i. 1835. Dr. Thomas G. Lee appointed January 16. 1835 ; died October 29, 1836. Dr. Luther V. Bell appointed December 11, 1836; resigned March 16, 1856. Dr. Chauncey Booth appointed March 16, 1856; died January 12, 1858. Dr. JohnE. Tyler appointed February 12, 1858 : resigiied >Larch 3. 1871. Dr. J. H. Whittemore in charge to July i, 1871. Dr. Isaac Ray from July i to October i, 1871. i8i 1 )r. George F. Jelly appointed October 13, 1871 ; resigned June I; 1879- Dr. Edward Cowles appointed June i, 1879, ^^^ entered on the duties December 11, 1879, Dr. Frank W. Page acting as Supt. in the interim. Boston Lunatic Hospital, South Boston— 1839. Dr. John S. Butler appointed September 16, 1839; resigned October 10, 1842. Dr. Charles H. Stedman appointed October 10, 1842 ; resigned July I, 1 85 1. Dr. Clement A. ^^'alker appointed July i, 185 1 ; resigned January I, 18S1. i>r. Theodore ^^^ Fisher appointed January i, 1881. State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester. Dr. Samuel B. Woodward appointed September 26, 1832; re- signed June 30, 1846. Dr. George Chandler appointed July i, 1846 ; resigned April i, 1856. Dr. Merrick Bemis appointed April i, 1856; resigned May 31. 1872. Dr. B. D. Eastman appointed July 5, 1872 ; resigned March i, 1879. Dr. John G. Park appointed March i, 1879. A new building was erected some distance out the city of Worcester and the old hospital building was retained as an Asy- lum for the Chronic Insane and was opened on October 23, 1877 and Dr. John G. Park was appointed Superintendent October i , 1877, and remained until March i, 1879. Dr. Hosea M. Quinby appointed March i, 1879. State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton. Dr. George C. S. Choate appointed October 24, 1853 ; resigned December 7, 1869. Dr. W. W. Godding appointed April 8, 1870 ; resigned Septem- ber I, 1877. Dr. J. P. Brown appointed January 4, 1878. State Lunatic Hospital, Northampton. Dr. Wm. H. Prince appointed August 20, 1857 ; entered on duty October i, 1857 ; resigned April i, 1864. Dr. Pliny Earlq appointed July 2, 1864. State Lunatic HosprTAL, Danvers. Dr. C. S. May appointed January 12, 1878 j resigned August 9, 1880. Dr. Wm. B. Goldsmith appointed February 17, 1881. RHODE ISLAND. Butler Hospital for the Insane, Providence. Dr. Isaac Ray appointed in 1845, service to commence May i; 1846; resigned January i, 1867. Dr. John W. Sawyer appointed January i, 1867. CONNECTICUT. Retreat for the Insane, Hartford — April i, 1824. Dr. Eli Todd appointed January 7, 1823 ; died November 17, 1833- Dr. Silas Fuller appointed June 11, 1834; resigned June 13, 1840. Dr. Amariah Brigham appointed July 13, 1840 ; resigned August 16, 1842. 1 83 Dr. John S. Butler appointed May 13, 1843 ; resigned October 27, 1872. Dr. James H. Denny appointed November 25, 1872 ; resigned January 9, 1874. Dr. Henry P. Stearns appointed January 23, 1874. Connecticut Hosptjal for ihe Insane, Middletown. Dr. A. M. Shew appointed October 14, 1866. NEW YORK. Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. The Department for the Insane of the New York Hospital was opened at the present site in June, 1821, under the name of Bloomingdale Asylum, with Dr. James Eddy as Resident Physi- cian and Dr. John Neilson as Visiting Physician. Dr. Neilson occupied that position until January, 1831, when he resigned and a Visiting Physician was dispensed with. Dr. Albert Smith was Resident Physician from September, 1822, to March, 1824. John Neilson, Jr., M. D., from March, 1824, to May, 1824. Abraham V. Williams, M. D., from May, 1824, to June, 1825. James Macdonald, M. D., from June, 1825, to December, 1830, and Guy C. Bayley, M. D., from December 1830, till Dr. Mac- donald returned from Europe in 1832. In May, 1831, Dr. James Macdonald was appointed Physician, spent fifteen months in Europe and returned in the latter part of 1832. Dr. James Macdonald appointed October 13, 1832; resigned August 15, 1837. Dr. Benjamin Ogden appointed September i, 1837; resigned September 16, 1839. Dr. William Wilson appointed September 16, 1839; resigned April I, 1844-. Dr. Pliny. Earle appointed April i, 1844; resigned April, 1849. i84 Dr. Charles H. Nichols appointed iVpril, 1849 ; resigned May, 1852. Dr. D. T. Brown appointed June, 1852 ; resigned January, 1877. Dr. Charles H. Nichols appointed July i, 1877. New York City Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island, Was in charge of Assistant Physicians from Bellevue Hospital until October, 1847, ^vhen Dr. M. H. Ranjiey was appointed Superintendent and he held the position till his death, Decem- ber 7, 1864. Dr. R. L. Parsons appointed January 7, 1865 : resigned August I, 1877. Dr. Wm. W. Strew appointed October i, 1877; removed Novem- ber 19, 1879. Dr. Thomas M. Franklin was appointed Medical Superintendent of the Branch Institution on Hart's Island on January 5, 1879 and transferred to the charge of the Main Hospital April 5, 1880. Kings Co. Lunatic Asylum, Flaibuph, L. I. Dr. Francis Bullock, died in 1863. ^| In the Dr. Martin E. Winchell. V old Dr. T. M. Ingraham. Dr. E. S. Blanchard. J Asylum. Dr. Robert B. Baisely appointed October, 1855 ; resigned 1857- Dr. John V. Lansing appointed May 7, 1857 ; resigned 1858. Dr. Edward R. Chapin appointed May 7, 1858; resigned No- vember 8, 1873. Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald appointed November 8, 1873 ; re- , signed August 5, 1874. Dr. James A. Blanchard appointed August 10, 1874 ; resigned May 23, 1877. Dr. H. L. Bartlett appointed May 31, 1877, but the appointment reconsidered June 6, 1877, and Dr. Blanchard directed to re- main in charge. Dr. Blanchard removed July 11, 1877. i85 l)r. R. S. Parsons appointed July ii, 1877 ; removed August 31, 1S78. Dr. J. C. Shaw appointed Septemter i, 1878. Hospital for Chronic Insane. Dr. Guy D, Daly appointed January i, 1877 j removed July 16, 1881. Dr. J. A. Arnold appointed July 16, 1881 ; transferred to Hospi- tal October 15, 188 1. Dr. J. S. Woodside appointed October 15, 1881 ; removed No- vember 30, 1883. Institution placed in charge of Dr. Shaw December i, 1883,, and both buildings conducted as one Asylum, New York City Asylum for the Insane, Ward's Island. Dr. M. G. Echeverria appointed December 31, 187 1 ; resigned November 6, 1872. Dr. Theo. H. Kellogg appointed November 25, 1872 ; resigned August I, 1874. Dr. A. E. Macdonald appointed August i, 1874. New York State Lunatic Asylum, Utica — January 16, 1843. Dr. Amariah Brigham appointed September 9, 1842 ; died Sep- tember 8, 1849, Dr. N. D. Benedict appointed November 3,. 1849 ; resigned July I, 1854. Dr. John P. Gray appointed July i, 1854. Marshall Infirmary, Troy, New York. Insane Department opened August, 1859. Dr, J. D. Lomax appointed October 12, 1863. HuDS )n River State Hospital, Poughkeepsik, New York. Dr. J. M. Cleveland appointed March 28, 1867. 1 86 State Homeopathic Asylum for the Insane, Middletown., New York — May 7, 1874. Dr. Henry R. Stiles appointed April, 1874; re.si^iiei Fel^ruarv 9, 1877. Dr. Selden H. Talcott appointed April 13, 1877. WlLLARD ASVTUM FOR i'HE InSANE, VViLLARD, SeNECA LaKE. Dr. John B, Chapin appointed April i, 1869 ; resigned August 2. 1884. Dr. P. M. Wise appointed August 2, 1884. State Asylum for Insane Crlminals, Auburn. Dr. Edward Hall appointed November 6, 1858; removed June i, 1862. Dr. Charles E. Van Anden appointed June i^ 1862; resigned February 17, 1870. Dr. James W. Wilkie appointed February 17, 1870; died March 13, 1876. Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald appointed March 17, 1876; resigned October i, 1879. Dr. Theodore Deinen appointed October i, 1S79 ; removed May 15, 1881. Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald appointed June i, 1881. Buffalo State Asylum for the Insane — Opened Novemher 15, 1880. Dr. J. B. Andrews appointed June 30, 1880. BRKmAM Hall, Canandatgua. Dr. George Cook, October i, 1855 ; killed June 11, 1876.' Dr. D. R. Burrell appointed November 14, 1S76. i87 Sanford Hall, Flushing. Dr. James Macdonald established an institution on Murray Hill in New York city in 1841, and removed to Sanford Hall in Flushing in 1845. Dr. James Macdonald died in 1849. Dr. Henry W. Buel in charge from 1849 to 1854. Dr. J. Whitney Barstow took charge in 1854. NEW JERSEY. State Lunatic Asylum, Trenion. Dr. H. A. Buttolph appointed April 19, 1847 ; resigned Novem- ber 10, 1875, to take effect April i, 1876. Dr. John W. Ward appointed March 15, 1876; took charge April I, 1876. State Asylum for the Insane, Morris Plains. Dr. H. A. Buttolph appointed June 29, 1875; opened the Insti- tution August 17, 1876; retired from Superintendency January I, 1885. PENNSYLVANIA. Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane — Opened January i, 1 841. Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride appointed October 12, 1840; died December 16, 1883. Dr. John B, Chapin took charge September t, 1884. k Friend's Asylum for the Insane, Frankford. Dr. Joshua H. VVorthington appointed May i, 1850; resigned November i, 1877. Dr. John C. Hill appointed November i, 1877. Insane Department of the Philadelphia Almshouse. Dr. N. D. Benedict appointed November 9, 1845 ; resigned February 18, 1850. Dr. Wm. S. Haines appointed February iS, 1850; resigned February 11, 1853. Dr. J. D. Stewart appointed February 11, 1853; died April. 1854. Dr. A. B. Campbell appointed May i, 1854; resigned July 2, 1855- Dr. R. K. Smith appointed July 2, 1855 ; resigned July 21, 1856. Dr. x'\. B, Campbell appointed July 21, 1856 ; resigned June 8, 1857. Dr. James McClintock appointed June 8, 1857 ; resigned July 5, 1858. Dr. R. K. Smith appointed July 5, 1858 : resigned September 24. 1859. Dr. S. VV. Butler appointed September 24, 1859; resigned De- cember I, 1866. Dr. D. D. Richardson appointed December i, 1866 : resigned September, 1880. Dr. A. A. McDonald appointed September^ 1880; resigned Jan- uary, 1 88 1, Dr. D. D. Richardson appointed i\pril i, 1881. Until 1859, the gentlemen above named were Medical Super- intendents of the Philadelphia Almshouse, and the Insane De- partment was separated in 1859 when the office of Medical Su- perintendent of the whole Institution was abolished. 189 Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg — Opened October i, 185 i. Dr. John Curweii appointed February 14, 185 1 ; left February 12, 1881. Dr. J. Z. Gerhard appointed December 30, 1880. \\'estern Pennsylvanla Hospital for the Insane, Dixmont, Allegheny County. Dr. Joseph A. Reed appointed x\pril i, 1857 ; died November 6, T884. Dr. Henry A, Hutchinson appointed January 15, 1885. State Hospital for the Insane, Danville. Dr, S. S. Schultz appointed May 21, 1868. State Hospital for the Insane, Norristown. This institution was started with a double organization, a male physician in charge of the wards for the men, and a female phy~ sician in charge of the wards for the women. It was opened July 12, 1880. Dr. R. H. Chase appointed May 20, 1880, to the charge of the male wards. Dr. Alice Bennett appointed May 20, 1880, to the charge of the female wards. State Hospital for the Insane, Warren — Opened Decem- ber I, 1880. Dr. D. D. Richardson appointed January 21, 1880; resigned July I, 1881. Dr. John Curwen appointed June 24, 1881. Burn Br.k, Kellvville. Dr. R. A. Given, January 26, i860. igo MARYLAND. Maryland Hospital, Baltimore. "The old Maryland Hospital was organized by Drs. Smith and Mackenzie in 1797. It was intended for a few lunatics, and as a general Hospital ; as the city increased it was necessary to enlarge it, and it was extended in 1807, so as to accommodate a larger number of general patients and forty lunatics. At this time it was leased to Drs. Smith and Mackenzie, who attended all the patients and regulated every department. It was a private establishment until 1864, when the lease expired. The Legisla- ture had appointed a board with power to appoint officers in 1828, which was done, and Dr. R. S. Steuart was appointed Medical Superintendent under the name of President, but did not until January, 1834, assume full authority. Dr. Steuart did not reside in the house, but visited daily for some time ; but find- ing it necessary to have assistance, engaged five medical men to join in the medical administration of the house. This continued one year when a medical attendant was appointed. Dr. Wm. H. Stokes, who served one year. Dr. William Fisher became Resi- dent Physician in 1836, remained four years, wlien his health failing he was relieved for eight months by Dr. H. Starr. Dr. Fisher continued until June, 1846, when Dr. John Fonerden was appointed." Dr. John Fonerden died May 6, 1869. Dr, A\'illiam F. Steuart appointed June 9, 1869. The patients were removed to the new hospital near Catons- ville in July, 1872. Dr. William F. Steuart resigned August, 1873. Dr. John S. Conrad appointed August, 1873. In 1876, the Hospital management was reorganized and a Board of nine members appointed by the Governor superseded the former self-perpetuated board with its Medical President who really acted as Superintendent. The office of Medical Superin- tendent replaced that of Resident Physician and Dr. J. S. Conrad was appointed and assumed charge July 7, 1876 ; resigned March 14, 1878. Ur. Richard Gundry appointed June i, 1878. Mt. Hope Retreat, Baltimore. Dr. W'ilh'am H. Stokes appointed September 21, 1842. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Government Hospital for the Insane — January 15, 1855. Dr. Charles H. Nichols appointed October, 1852 ; resigned August, 1877. Dr. W. W. Godding appointed September i, 1877. VIRGINIA. Eas'jern Luna'jic Asylum, Williamsburg — Sept. 14, 1773. •'Mr. James Gait was appointed keeper on September 14, 1773, and continued in office till the time of his death in 1801, and was suceeded by his son, William T. Gait, who continued in office till his death in 1826. Jesse Cole was appointed keeper in 1826 and resigned the same year \ was succeeded by Dickie Gait, who resigned January i, 1837; succeeded by Henry Edloe, who resigned within a year after being appointed ; suc- ceeded by Philip Barziza, who continued in office till July, 1 88 1, at which time he was elected Steward of the Asylum, the functions of keeper and physician being henceforward united in one office." Dr. John Siqueyra was appointed physician to the Asylum Octo- ber 12, 1773, and resigned February 10, 1795, when Drs. Gait and Barrand were appointed physicians and continued in that 192 capacity until 1808, when Dr. Alexander Dickie Gait was ap- pointed and continued till 1841, when he was gucceeded by his son Dr. John Minson Gait, who died in 1862. In charge of the United States Government from 1862 to the fall of 1865, when Dr. Leonard Henley was appointed Physician. Dr. R. M. Garrett was appointed February, 1866 ; removed 1867. Dr. A. Peticolas appointed 1867 ; died November 28. 1868. Dr. John Clopton acted as Superintendent until Dr. D. R. Brower was appointed January 9, 1869 ; resigned No- vember 17, 1875. Dr. Harvey Black appointed November 17, 1875 ; removed March 9, 1882. Dr. Richard A. Wise appointed March 9, 1882 ; removed April 16, 1884. Dr. J. D. Moncure appointed April 16, 1884. Central Lunatic Asylum, Richmond. Dr. David Burr Conrad appointed July, 1870; resigned Novem- ber, 1873. Dr. Randolph Barksdale appointed November, 1873; removed March 9, 1882. Dr. Brooks succeeded him, but only lived about eighteen days after his election. Dr. David F. May appointed April 11, 1882 ; removed April 23, 1884. Dr. Randolph Barksdale appointed April 23, 1884. Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton — July, 1828. Dr. Francis T. Stribling appointed Visiting Physician in May, 1836, and Superintendent and Physician in 1841 ; died July 23, 1874.. Dr. R. F. Baldwin appointed October i, 1874; died November 14, 1879. Dr. A. M. Fauntleroy a])pointed December 11, 1879; removed March 9, 1882. 19.3 Dr. R, S. Hamilton appointed March 9, 1882; removed April 15, 18S4. Di\ A. i\L Fauntleroy re-appointed April 15, 1884. WEST VIRGINIA. Hospital for the Insane, Weston. Dr. R. Hills appointed November i, 1864 ; resigned July i, 1871. Dr. J, B. Camden appointed July i, 187 1 ; resigned May 16, 1881. Dr. W. J. Bland appointed May 16, 1881. NORTH CAROLINA. Asylum for the Insane, Raleigh. Dr. Edward C. Fisher appointed Superintendent of Construc- tion, September 15, 1853, and Superintendent and Physician in February, 1856 ; resigned July 7, 1868. Dr. Eugene Grissom appointed July 7, 1868, Eastern North Carolina Insane Asylum, Goldsboro. Dr. W, H. Moore appointed August i, 1880 ; died Decemlier. r88i. Dr. J. D. Roberts appointed January r, 1882. Western North Carolina Insane Asylum, Morganjown. Dr. P. L. Murphy appointed December 9, 1882. SOUTH CAROLINA. Lunatic Asylum, Columbia — 1827. Dr. John W. Parker ai)pointed December 24, 1836, previous to which the patients were attended by a visiting physician ; re- moved August 5, 1870. 194 Dr. J. T. Ensor appointed August 5, 1870; resigned January i- 1878. Dr. P. E. Griffin appointed January i, 1878. GEORGIA. Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville. This Institution was opened for the reception of patients Octo- ber 12, 1842. Dr. David Cooper was the first Superintendent and on account of feeble health resigned, and Dr. Thomas F. Green was appointed January i, 1846; died February 13, 1879. Dr. J. O. Powell appointed February 13, 1879. ALABAMA. Hospital for the Insane, Tuscaloosa. Dr. P. Price appointed July i860, MISSISSIPPI.. Lunatic Asylum, Jackson. Records of the Institution destroyed during the war. Dr. W. S. Langley appointed in 1855 ; resigned in 1857. Dr. W. B. Williamson appointed in 1857 ; resigned in 1859. Dr. Robert Kells appointed in 1859 ; resigned in 1866. Dr. A. B. Cabaniss appointed in 1866; resigned in 1869. Dr. W. M. Deacon appointed in 1869 : resigned in 1870. Dr. Wm. M. Compton appointed in 1870 ; resigned May 3, 187S. Dr. T. J. Mitchell appointed May 3, 1878. 195 LOUISIANA. Lknatic Asylum, Jackson — Nov. 23, 1848. William Collins was elected Superintendent and Dr. Selby Physician. Collins remained about nine months and in 184S James King was elected in his place. In 1853, Edward C. Power was elected Superintendent in place of J. King. In 1854, Dr. Maybury was elected in place of Mr. Power. In 1856 James King was again elected. In 1856, Dr. J. D. BarkduU was elect- ed and remained Superintendent until February, 1865, when he was deliberately shot and killed in the street in Jackson by a United States soldier. Mr. James King was again elected Su- perintendent and entered on the duties April i, 1865, Dr. P. Pond was elected Physician in December, 1848, held the place about six years until Dr. Maybury was elected Superintendent ; was again elected in April, 1865. Dr. Pond resigned. Dr. L. A. Burgess. Dr. J. W^elch Jones, aj^pointed March 17, 1874. TEXAS. Lunatic Asylum, Austin. Dr. J. C, Perry was appointed Superintendent by Gov. E. M. Pease, who was Governor in May 27, 1857. Dr. C. G. Keenan was appointed by Gov. H. R. Runnels in February 13, 1858, and during this time the erection of a portion of the present building was commenced. " Sam Houston, who was elected Governor in 1859, appointed Dr. B. Graham in January 9, i860, and under his supervision the present buildings and improvements were completed. About March 11, 1861, the institution was formally opened and during that month five or six patients were admitted. The secession 196 convention meeting about that tin^e imposed such conditions up- on the Governor and other State officers, as they were unwilling to agree to, and Lieut. Gov. E. Clark, having assumed the gu- bernatorial chair, reappointed Dr. C. G. Keenan, who retained the position during Clark's term of office. F. Lubbock suc- ceeding Clark as Governor in November, 1861, appointed J. M. Steiner Superintendent November i, 1861, who remained in charge of the institution during the rebellion. August 21, 1865, General A. J. Hamilton, who was appointed Military Governor of Texas, appointed Dr. B. Graham September 9, 1865. But upon another change of State officers in 1S66, Gov. Throckmor- ton appointed Dr. W. P. Beall Superintendent August 20, 1886. Upon the re-establishment of a military government Aug. 1867, Gov. Pease reappointed August 23, 1867, Dr. B. Graham, who resigned March 27, 1870. Dr. J. A. Corby appointed March 27, 1870; resigned March i, 1871. Dr. G. F. Weisselberg appointed March i, 1871 j resigned Feb- ruary 10, 1874. Dr. D. R. Wallace appointed February 10, 1874; resigned A[)ril 18, 1879. Dr. W. E. Saunders appointed A])ril 18, 1S79 ; resigned May 14, 1881. Dr. L. J. Graham appointed May 14, 1881 ; resigned January 20, 1883. Dr. A. N. Denton appointed January 20, 1883. ARKANSAS. State Lunatic Asylu:m, Little Rock. Dr. C. C. Forbes appointed November t, 1882. TENNESSEE. Hospital for the Insane, Nashville. Dr. John S. McNairy appointed January i, 1845 ; died August 18, 1849. 197 Dr. John S. Young appointed January i, 1849 ; resigned March I, 1852. Dr. \Vm. A. Cheatham appointed March i, 1852 ; removed July 25, 1862. Dr. Wm. P. Jones appointed July 25, 1862 ; resigned January i, 1870. Dr. J. H. Callender appointed January r, 1870. KENTUCKY. Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington — 1824. Lentil 1844, the internal management and control of the pa- tients was confided to a person known as head keeper, the pre- vailing idea being that the object of the asylum was in a great measure merely custodial. Dr. J. R. Allen assumed the duties of First Superintendent on March i, 1844, and held the office for a period of ten years. Dr. William S. Chipley appointed April i, 1855 ; resigned De- cember, 1869. Dr. John W. Whitney appointed December, 1869 ; resigned April, 1873. llie name of the Institution was changed in 1873 to First Ken- tucky Lunatic Asylum. Dr. George Syng Bryant appointed April, 1873 ; died June, 1875. Dr. R. C. Chenault ai>pointed June 30, 1875 ; resigned May i, 1880. Dr. A. W. Bartlett appointed May i, 1880 ; resigned February I, 1881. Dr. W. O. Bullock appointed February i, 1881 ; resigned Octo- ber I, 1883. Dr. R. C. Chenault appointed October i, 1883. Name changed to Eastern Kentucky Lunatic Asylum in 1876. Western Lunatic Asylum, Hopkinsville. Dr. Samuel Annan was appointed by the Governor of Kentucky for four years from April i, 1854. Dr. F. G. Montgomery was elected by the Board of Trustees April I, 1858. Dr. James Rodman appointed June i., 1863. Third Kentucky Lunatc Asylum, Frankford. Dr. E. H. Black appointed April, 1873. The Institution was changed in February, 1874, and restored to its original purpose, an Institution for the education and treatment of feeble minded children. Fourth Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, Anchorage. Dr. C. C. Forbes appointed April, 1873. Name changed in 1874 to Central Kentucky Lunatic Asylum. Dr. C. C. Forbes resigned September i, 1879. Dr. R. H. Gale appointed September 16, 1879 ; resigned May 2, 1884. Dr. H. K. Pusey appointed May 2, 1884. OHIO. Lunatic Asylum, Columbus. Dr. VVm. M. Awl appointed May 21, 1838; resigned July i, 1850. Dr. S. Hanbury Smith appointed July i, 1850; resigned July i, 1852. Dr. Elijah Kendrick appointed July i, 1852 ; resigned July i. 1854. Dr. George E. Eels appointed July i, 1854; resigned July i, • 1856. Dr. R. Hills appointed July i, 1856; resigned November i, 1864. Dr. Wm. L. Peck appointed November i, 1864; resigned April 1874. The institution was under the care of a building commission 199 from the date of Dr. Peck's resignation until the appointment of Dr. Richard Gundry November 9, 1876 ; resigned May 16, 1878. Dr. L. Firestone appointed ]\Iay 16, 1878 ; resigned March 15, 1881. Dr. H. C. Rutter appointed ?slarch 15, 18S1 ; resigned November 22, 1883. Dr. Thomas R. Potter appointed November 22, 1883 ; resigned April 17, 1884. Dr. C. M. Finch appointed April 23, 1884. Asylum for the Insane, Newburgh — March 5, 1855. Dr. L. Firestone appointed December i, 1854; resigned August 5, 1855. Dr. R. C. Hopkins appointed May 8, 1855 ; resigned December I, 1857- Dr. Jacob Laisy appointed February 24, 1857 ; resigned October II, 1857. Dr. O. C. Kendrick appointed October 11, 1857 ; resigned Nov. I, 1864. Dr. W. M. Wythes appointed November 2, 1864 ; resigned Aug. I, 1865. Dr. Byron Stanton appointed Aug. i, 1865 ; resigned May, 1869. Dr. J. M. Lewis appointed May, 1869 ; resigned April i, 1874. Dr. Lewis Stuper appointed April i, 1874 ; resigned August, 1875. Dr. J. Strong appointed November 19, 1875. Asylum for the Insane, Dayton — Sept. i, 1855. Dr. J. Clements appointed Sept. i, 1855 ; resigned May i, 1856. Dr. J. J. Mcllhenny appointed May i, 1856; time expired May I, 1862. Dr. R. Gundry appointed April 15, 1862 ; resigned June 15, 1872. Dr. H. B. Nunemacher acting Superintendent until Aug. i, 1872. Dr. S. J. F. Miller appointed August i, 1872; resigned June 15, 1873. Dr. H. C. Rutter acting Superintendent until March i, 1874. Dr. John H. Clark appointed March i, 1S74 ; resigned March 15, 1876. Dr. J. R. Landfear appointed Mirch 15, 1875 ; resigned April 15, 1878. Dr. D. A. Morse appointed April 15, 1878; resigned July 15.. 1880. Dr. H. A. Tobey appointed July 15, i88o ; resigned July 15, 1884. Dr. C. W. King appointed July 15, 1884. Asylum for the Insane, Athens. Dr. Richard Gundry appointed June 16, 1872 ; resigned Dec. 19,, 1876. Dr. Thomas Blackstone acting Superintendent until January 17, 1877, when Dr. Charles L. Wilson was elected, but declared ineligible by the courts on account of non^residence, and Dr. Thomas Blackstone was again appointed acting Superintendent on March 20, 1877. Dr. H. C. Rutter appointed March 30, 1877 ; resigned April 26, 1878. Dr. P. H. Clarke appointed April 26, 1878 ; resigned April 19, 1879. Dr. VV. H. Holden appointed April 19, 1879 'y resigned May 6, 1880. Dr. H. C. Rutter appointed May 6, 1880; resigned March 15, 1881. Dr. A. B. Richardson appointed ]vlarch 15, 1881. Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. Dr. Wm. L. Peck appointed June, 1874 : resigned August, 1875. Dr. VVm. S. Chipley appointed August, 1875 ;died Feb. 11, 1880. Dr. O. Everts appointed February 12, 1880. Longview Asylum, Carthacje — January, i860. At Lick Run Asylum, Dr. J. J. Quinn was appointed in 1853 when the insane were removed from the Commercial Hospital. Dr, Langdon was appointed in 1S56, and Dr. Wai. Mount in 1859, who continued in charge until the removal of the insane to Longview Asylum in May, i860, when the Lick Run Asylum was closed. Dr. O. M. Langdon appointed November 10, 1859 ; resigned October 27, 1870. Dr. W. H, Reynolds appointed December 14, 1870; resigned June 10, 1871. Dr. Joseph T. Webb appointed June 10, 1871 ; resigned July 10, 1874. Dr. Wm. H. Bunker appointed July 10, 1874 ; resigned April 17, 1878. Dr. C. A. Miller appointed April 17, 1878. 1NDL\NA. Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis. Dr. John Evans was appointed first Superintendent and continued in office about one year. Dr. R. J. Patterson appointed July 1, 1848; resigned June 1, 1853- Dr. James S. Athon appointed June i, 1853 ; resigned Nov. 13, 1861. Dr. J. H. Woodburn appointed October 31, 1861 3 resigned February 7, 1865. Dr. "Wilson Lockhart appointed February 7, 1865 ; resigned November 10, 1868. Dr. Orpheus Everts appointed November 10, 1868 ; resigned June 7, 1879. Dr. Joseph G. Rogers appointed June 7, 1879 '> resigned June '] - 1883. Dr. W. B. Fletcher appointed June 7, 1883. ILLINOIS. Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Dr. J. M. Higgins appointed August 12, 1848 ;. resigned June 9- 1853. Dr. Andrew McFarland appointed June 16, 1854; resigned December 8, 1869. Dr. H. F. Cariiel appointed June 8, 1870. Northern Illinois Hospital for the Insane, Elgin. Dr. Edwin A. Kilbourne appointed September 14, 1871. Southern Illinois Hospital for the Insane, Anna. Dr. A. T. Barnes appointed September 23, 1873 ; resigned July 6, 1878. Dr. H. Wardner appointed August 6, 1878. Illinois Eastern Hospital for the Insane, Kankakee — Nov. 25, 1879. Dr. R. S. Dewey appointed June 13, 1879, Bellevue Place, Batavia — 1867. Dr. R. J, Patterson. Oak Lawn Retreat, Jacksonville. Dr. Andrew McFarland, May 10, 1872. MICHIGAN. Michigan Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo— April, 1859. Dr. E. H. Van Deusen appointed October 19, 1855 ; resigned March i, 1878. Dr: Geo. C. Palmer appointed March i, 1878. 203 Eastern Michigan Asylum, Pontiac — August i, 1878. Dr. Henry M. Hurd appointed March 29, 1878. WISCONSIN. Hospital for the Insane, Mendgta. Dr. J. Edwards Lee appointed June 22, 1859 ; resigned May, i860. Dr. J. R. Clement appointed May 22, i860 ; resigned January i, 1864. Dr. A. H. Van Nostrand appointed April 20, 18643 resigned June 6, 1868. Dr. Alexander S. McDill appointed June 1868 : resigned October 1872. Dr. Mark Ranney appointed April 29, 1873 ; resigned March 31, 1875. Dr. Alexander S. McDill appointed April i, 1875 ; died Nov. 12, 1875- Dr. D. F. Broughton appointed January, 1876; resigned June 30, 1881. Dr. R. M. Wigginton appointed July i, 1881 ; transferred to Northern Hospital July i, 1884. Dr. S. B. Buckmaster ap]3ointed July i, 1884. Northern Hospital p^or the Insane, Winnebago. Dr. Walter Kempster appointed January i, 1873 ; resigned July I, 1884. Dr. R. M. Wigginton appointed July i, 1884. IOWA. Hospital for the Insane, Mt. Pleasant — March i, 1861. Dr. R. J. Patterson appointed July 6, i860; resigned October i, 1865. 204 Dr. Mark Ranney appointed (3ctober i, 1855 ; resigned July 16, 1873- Dr. H. M. Bassett appointed Dec. 4, 1873 i i"esigned July i. 1875. Dr. Mark Ranney appointed July i, 1873 ; died Jan. 31, 1882. Dr. H. A. Oilman appointed July 25, 1882. Hospital for the Insane, Independence — May i, 1873. Dr. Albert Reynolds appointed October 3, 1872 ; resigned Oct. 6, 1881. Dr. Gershom H. Hill appointed October 6, 1881. MISSOURI. Asylum for the Insane No. i, Fulton. Dr. T. R. H. Smith appointed April, 1851 ; resigned February II, 1865. Dr. Rufus Abbot appointed March i, 1865 ; resigned March i, 1867. Dr. Charles H. Hughes appointed March i, 1867 ; resigned May 29, 1872. Dr. Thomas A. Howard appointed May 29, 1872 ; resigned Oct. 10, 1872. Dr. T. R. H. Smith appointed December 22, 1872. Lunatic Asylum No. 2, St. Joseph's. Dr. George C. Catlett appointed 1874. County Lunatic Asylum, St. Louis. Dr. Turner R. H. Smith was first appointed October 4, 1867, but the order of his appointment was rescinded at the next meeting October 7, 1867. Dr. Charles W. Stevens was appointed February 6, 18.68, and re- appointed February 19, 1872. 205 l^r. Charles ^W Stevens sent his resignation to the Court July 22, 1S72, which was accepted July 25, 1872, to take effect August 15. 1872, lh\ Turner R. H, Smith was appointed July 25, 1872, to take effect August 15, 1S72, Dr. Smith resigned January 6, 1873, Dr. Wm. B. Hazard was appointed January 16, 1873; reap- |)ointed February 24, 1873 3 dismissed March 19, iSj^. Dr. H. S. Fichtenkaro-p was appointed Resident Physician Feb. 2, 1874. Dr. Jerome K. Bauduy was appointed Visiting Physician Feb. 16, 1874, and resigned January 11, 1875. Dr. H. S. Leffingwell was appointed A^isiting Physician July 13, 1874. Dr. N. DeV. Howard was appointed Resident Physician and Dr. E. S. Frazer Visiting Physician February i, 1875. Dr. N. DeV. Howard was reappointed Resident Physician and Dr. E. S. Frazer Visiting Physician January 31, 1876. Dr. Charles W„ Stevens was appointed Resident Physician Jan. 29, 1877. Dr. N. DeV. Howard was reinstated by Mayor Overslotz and re- signed finally in April, 1883. Dr. Charles W. Stevens was appointed again and confirmed Nov. 6, 1883. (From the Records of the City Register'' s office,) MINNESOTA. Hospital for the Insane, St. Petep. Dr. Samuel E. Shantz appointed October 2, 1866 ; died August 22, 1868. Dr. C. K. Bartlett appointed November 6, 1868. Second Minnesota Hospital for the Insane, Rochester — Opened January i, 1879. Dr. Jacob E. Bowers appointed December r, 1878. 2o6 NEBRASKA. Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln. Dr. Charles F. Stewart appointed Xovember 15; 187 1 ; resi'gned January i, 1875. Dr. David W. Scott appointed December 29, 1874: resigned February 27, 1875. Dr. F. G. Fuller appointed February 27, 1875 : resigned Nov. 16, 1877. Dr. H. P. Mathewson appointed Xovember 16, 1877, KANSAS. Lunatic Asylum, Osawatomie — Ndv. t, 1S66. Dr. C. O. Gause appointed May 11. 1866; resigned Nov. 30. 1871. Dr. C. P. Lee appointed Nov, i. 1871 ;. resigned Nov. 30, 1872. Dr. L. W. Jacobs appointed Nov. i, 1872: resigned Oct. i, 1873. Dr. A. H. Knapp appointed October i, 1873 : resigned March I, 1877. Dr. F. B. West acting Superintendent from March 2, 1877.. to November t, 1877. Dr. A. P. Tenney appointed Nov. i, 1877 ; resigned Nov. i, 1878. Dr. A. H. Knapp appointed November 1, 1^78. Insane Asylum, Topeka — June i. 1879. Dr. B. D. Eastman appointed April i. 1879 : resigned June 30, 1883. Dr. A. P. Tenney appointed July i. 1883. 207 CALIFORNIA. Insane Asylum, Stockton — July i, 1853. Dr, Robert R. Reed appointed July i, 1S53 : resigned October I, 1S56. Dr. Samuel Langdon appointed April 29, 1856 ; resigned August I, 1857. Dr. W. D. Aylett appointed August 13, 1857; resigned April 20, 1861. Dr. \V. P. Tilden appointed April 20, 1861 ; resigned August i, 1865. Dr. G. A. Shurtleff appointed August r, 1865 ; resigned Sept. i, 1883. Dr. W. T. Browne appointed October 10, 1883. State Asylum for the Insane, Napa— No y. 15, 1875. Dr. E. T. Wilkins appointed jNIarch 16, 1876, Pacific Asylum Was established at Woodbridge, San Joaquim County, Califor- nia, July 15, 1871, removed to Stockton September 15, 1877. Dr. Asa Clark. OREGON. Hospital for the Insane, East Portland, Ore{;on, A private Institution caring for State patients. Opened Dec. 1, 1862. Dr. J. C. Hawthorne died February i, i88j. Dr. S. E. Joseph! appointed March, 1881. On the removal of the Insane to the State Hospital at Salem. October 23, 1883, the institution ceased to exist. 2o8 . Oregon State Insane Asylum, Salem — Oct. 23, 1883. Dr. H. Carpenter appointed September i, 1883, INSTITUTIONS IN THE BRITISH PROVINCES. Asylum for the Insane, Toronto — Opened January, 1841. Dr. Rees. Dr. Telfer. Di'. Parke. Dr. Primrose. Dr. Scott. Dr. Joseph Workman appointed July i, 1853 J resigned July 19, 1875- Dr. Daniel Clark appointed Nov. 18, 1875. Asylum for the Insane, Kingston. Dr. J. R. Litchfield appointed March, 1865 ; died Dec. 18, 1868. Dr. J. R. Dickson appointed November, 1868; resigned Decem- ber 31, 1878; died November 23, 1882. Dr. W. G. Metcalf appointed July i, 1879, having been Acting- Superintendent during Dr. Dickson's illness from April i, ■1878, to the day of his resignation and then to the date of his appointment. Asylum for the Insane, London. The Asylum at /\.mherstburg was made separate from the Asylum at Toronto, September 25, 1861, Dr. Andrew Fisher resigned June, 1868. Dr. Henry Lander appointed June, 1868, and the patients were all removed to the new Asylum at London, November, 1870. Dr. Lander died January 6, 1877. Dr. R. M. Biicke appointed February 15, 1877. 209 Asylum for the Insane, Hamilton. Dr. R. M. Bucke appointed January i, 1876. Transferred to London February 13, 1877. Dr. J. M. Wallace appointed February 13, 1877. Quebec Funatic Asylum, Proprietary. Drs. James Douglas ; Joseph Morrin and Charles J. Fremont were its first founders and proprietors. They fitted up for the cure and maintenance of the insane in 1845 a large building which they leased in the parish of Beau- port. The present buildings were erected in the parish of St. Rock, on the road leading to the parish of Beauport, in 1848. Since then the establishment has been very much enlarged and a new one for male patients erected. The present proprietors are : Dr. F. E. Roy. Ph. Landry, M. P. Dr. Ant. La Rue. Provinciat, Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New Brunswick. Opened by Dr. G. P. Peters December 12, 1848. Dr. John Waddell appointed December i, 1849; resigned Oct. 31^ 1875. Dr. J. T. Steeves appointed November i, 1875. Nova Scotia Hospital for the Insane, Halifax — Opened Dec. 25, 1858. Dr. James R. DeWolf appointed May 17, 1857 ; resigned April I, 1878. Dr. A. P. Reid appointed April i, 1878. Hospital for the Insane, St. Johns, Newfoundland. Dr. Henry H. Stabb appointed 1847. Hospital for the Insane, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Dr. Mackieson appointed 1848 ; resigned 1874. Dr. E. S. Blanchard appointed August 1874. Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. Johns, Quebec. Dr. Henry Howard. I