HISTORY of the Kansas State Council of Defense Edited by FRANK W. BLACKMAR IMilMIEl) V.X KANSAS STATE PRINTINO 1>I,AN 1' E. E. KELLKY. ACTINr; SxATK PHINI'KK . TOI'EKA, KAN. 1931 .S-54.S7 HISTORY OF THE Kansas State Council of Defense EDITED BY FRANK W. BLACKMAR December, 1920 PEINTED BY KANSAS STATE PRINTING PI/ANT E. E. KEIiliET, ACTING State Pkinteu TOPEKA, KAKT. 19 21 8-5487 11 ^^ ' »)»llil . >by the government. The woman's committee of the Council of Defense was under the leadership of Mrs. J. W. Coverdill, and was very active in the matter of food conservation and increased production. Nearly 1,000 signatures to the food cards were obtained. The county employed a home demonstra- tion emergency agent, who during the year gave 50 food demonstrations, 11 lectures on home economics, formed 13 canning clubs and a cooking club for girls, thus making it possible for every woman to become fa- miliar with practical methods of saving food. War gardens were planted by the school children under the direction of competent leaders. Nearly every resident who could obtain even a few feet of ground planted gar- dens. The woman's committee also conducted a station for recruiting student nurses. Six nurses volunteered. They also conducted weighing and measuring tests for babies. Mnay volunteers for various forms of war work were procured by the registration of women, which was the first one of the many tasks assigned to the woman's committee. There was no permanent record kept of the first Liberty -loan drive, but Chase county went over the top. This drive was directed by L. M. Swope., The second, third and fourth Liberty loan drives were under the direction of County Treasurer C. L. Whitcombe, and are as follows : Sec- ond Liberty loan, subscribed $185,850 ; third Liberty loan, quota $129,000, subscribed $198,350; fourth Liberty loan, quota $312,000, subscribed $371,450; fifth Victory loan, quota $257,650, subscribed $289,250. 94 History of Kansas 'Council of Defense. Meetings were held for the promotion of patriotism, one on Constitu- tional day, at which time Congressman Doolittle spoke. Chase county is glad to report that we had no slackers. There was no Home Guard organized. In addition to the above the Chase County Red Cross chapters raised something over $3,000 by means of auctions and other methods. The Chautauqua Association turned over $500 in the year of 1918. Chase county has for the past two years had about 2,500 members, secured in the membership campaign, which also netted a like amount. The High School Y. W. C. A. was called upon to raise $75 for the purpose of helping establish county Y. W. C. A's. This amount v/as The first Y. M. C. A. drive netted about $3,000 from Chase county. Our quota was about $2,400. The High School Y. M. C. A. presented each boy going into the service from Chase county with a New Testament. The Chase county high school also has the following record : Liberty loan bought by school .• $50 . 00 War savings stamps bought with receipts of girls' opera 8,3.00 Y. M. C. A. contribution to Y. M. C. A. drive 10.00 Y. W. C. A. contribution to Y. M. C. A. drive 15.00 Red Cross Christmas box for soldiers by school 8.25 Purchases and contributions by students: Liberty loan bonds 0,200 . 00 War savings stamps 1,765.00 Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A 52.85 Red Cross 170 . 00 Additional: Number of days boys vrorked for farmers 381% Amount boys received for vs^ork $672 . 45 Amount students'colleeted from citizens for local Red Cross (not including student contributions) $294.00 Sweaters knitted for soldiers by high-school girls 20 Pairs of wristlets knitted for soldiers 11 Helmets knitted for soldiers 10 This does not include contributions or purchases by high-school teach- ers, or by several students not now enrolled in school, and does not in- clude any purchases during the third Liberty loan. The state superin- tendent states that Chase county high school ranks third among high schools of Kansas in total amount of war contributions and purchases. Topeka high school ranks first and Fort Scott second. These are much larger high schools, and if the rank was to be determined by enrollment Chase county high school would rank first by a large margin. CHAUTAUQUA COUNTY. County Chairman. — P. F. Eggen, Sedan. County Legal Advisory Committee. — J. A. Ferrell, chairman, Sedan; J. H. Brooks, Sedan; W. H. Sproul, Sedan; F. F. Eggen, Sedan; H. R. Fish, Sedan. The following short report from P. F. Eggen gives a general state- ment of Chautauqua county's war activities: In the Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., Salvation Army and Knights of Colum- bus drives we have always done our part, and all that was required from the state organizations. Also in regard to increased agricultural production and Liberty bond drives this county has always gone "over the top" as well as in the last Victory loan drive. And we had no slackers in this county. Also had a Home Guard in this tovim. Will state that Mr. Harry Cox, of Cedar Vale, Kan., was president of the Red Cross in this county; Mr. A. G. Denman, of this city, was presi- dent of all the Liberty bond drives ; C. W. Spencer, of this city, was presi- dent of the Victory loan drive; and Mr. Norman L. Hay, of this city, was chairman of the increased agricultural-production committee, and . Dr. Cheney, of this city, president of the Home Guards recruiting. History of Kansas Council of Defense. 95 CHEROKEE COUNTY. County Chairman. — H. A. La Rue (resigned), Columbus. County Legal Advisory Committee. — A. H. Skidmore, chairman, Co- lumbus; S. C. Westcott, Galena; Al. F. Williams, Columbus; C. W. Grant, Columbus; Mrs. C. E. Bartlett, Columbus. . CHEYENNE COUNTY. County Chairman. — W. L. Lockwood, St. Francis. County Legal Advisory Committee. — E. E. Kite, chairman, St. Fran- cis; E. S. Knight, St. Francis; H. T. Santrock, St. Francis; W. L. Lock- wood, St. Francis; J. L. Finley, St. Francis. CLARK COUNTY. County Chairman. — G. 0. Dakin, Ashland. County Legal Advisory Corrvmittee. — W. W. Harvey, chairman, Ash- land; M. G. Stevenson, Minneola; J. B. Hayes, Minneola; G. C. Dakin, Ashland; Mrs. B. L. Stephens, Ashland. CLAY COUNTY. County Chairman. — George W. Hanna, Clay Center. County Legal Advisory Committee. — W. T. Roche, chairman, Clay C-enter; George L. Davis, Clay Center; W. P. Anthony, Clay Center; Geo. W. Hanna, Clay Center; J. H. Russell, Clay Center. CLOUD COUNTY. County Chairman. — Geo. V. McConahey, Concordia. County Legal Advisory Committee. — F. W. Sturges, jr., chairman, Concordia; Parke B. Pulsifer, Concordia; A. L. Wilmoth, Concordia; Geo. V. McConahey, Concordia; C. A. Betournoy, Concordia. COFFEY COUNTY. Officers. — President, C. T. Sherwood, Burlington; vice president, George Crotty; secretary, Mrs. C. T. Sherwood; treasurer, Cora Arnold; secretary War Board, Lola H. Holman. Board of Directors. — J. H. Brown, chairman community council. Grid- ley; A. D. Finley, chairman community council, Le Roy; D. P. Jones, chairman community council, Lebo; Dr. J. C. Fear, chairman community council, Waverly; L. H. Hannen, chairman community council, Burling- ton; J. R. Copple, chairman Liberty loan; S. D. Weaver, chairman Red Cross; F. R. Hammond, fuel administrator; C. T. Sherwood, food ad- ministrator; N. L Nesbitt, chairman labor bureau; Mrs. J. H. Hanna, chairman Woman's Council County Defense. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Joe Rolston, chairman, Burling- ton; J. L. Senior, Waverly; J. I. Wolfe, Burlington; C. T. Sherwood, Burlington; Mrs. D. W. Sanders, Burlington. COMANCHE COUNTY. County Chairman. — Charles W. Allerdice, Coldwater. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Jay T. Botts, chairman. Cold- water; Dick H. Rich, Coldwater; W. J. Masemore, Coldwater; Chas. V. Allerdice, Coldwater; Mrs. S. E. Holmes, Coldwater. 96 History of Kansas Council of Defense. The report given for Comanche county is that in all drives, including Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., and Liberty bond drives, quotas were all met in full. In the food conservation drives over five hundred people signed the pledge. Coldwater and Protection cities both organized Home Guard companies. The county had the largest wheat acreage in its history. COWLEY COUNTY. County Chairman. — C. T. Franks, Winfield. County Legal Advisory Committee. — A. M. Jackson, chairman, Win- field; E. W. Earhart, Winfield; W. L. Cunningham, Arkansas City; C. T. Frunks, Winfield; Ed L. Hepler, Winfield. CRAWFORD COUNTY. County Chairmayi. — W. J. Watson, Pittsburg. Members. — J. W. Miley, vice chairman; John A. Barrett, secretary; W. A. Brandenburg, A. F. LaForge, H. W. Shideler, F. N. Chadsey, L. W. Johnson, Guy Carlton. County Legal Advisory Committee. — B. S. Gaitskill, chairman, Girard; J. P. Curran, Pittsburg; J. J. Campbell, Pittsburg; W. J. Watson, Pitts- burg; Mrs. J. W. True, Pittsburg. Crawford county had one of the most active county councils in the state. Every department was thoroughly organized, and did efficient work. In the bond drives the total amount of bonds sold was $153,600, which was written by the Pittsburg committee of men, the Nelson com- mittee, the Franklin committee, and by the Boy Scouts. During the Red Cross drives the council gave every assistance possible, and at the close of the week in Pittsburg machines were secured and workers to tabulate the work of the entire county. It was owing to the organized aid of the county council of defense that the second war drive raised $140,000, which was more than twice the amount that was assessed Crawford county. Another activity of this council was the organizing of community councils in 129 school districts, with a chairman and working committee in each district in the county, besides committees in the following towns: Arcadia, Arma, Brazelton, Cherokee, Frontenac, Girard, Hepler, McCune, Mulberry, Walnut, and Pittsburg. During the Baby bond campaign the Crawford Council of Defense was asked to lend all possible aid in that drive. Meetings were held in the various schoolhouses and bonds sold. A Baby bond bank was es- tablished in Pittsburg, and after conducting it a few days it was turned over to the civics bureau of the Pittsburg chamber of commerce. The sales at the Baby bond bank were highly gratifying. The Crawford Council of Defense sent literature all over the country regarding the German propaganda, and organized a foreign-language bureau to translate the following languages : French, Mexican, German, Syrian, Turkish, Arabian, Slovenian, Swedish, Russian, Italian and Greek, with the following persons, who offered to give their services free when called on for the good of the cause: Peter Kelley, Raymond Her- nandez, Frank Van Gastel, Edward Caffero, James Guisseppi, Joe Byer, George Prell, John Sell, and Selso Gobez. Topics of the espionage law were printed and sent to the different community councils and to all points where there was occasion to write, believing that "prevention is much better than cure." Among the many and various activities of this county council were the investigation into disloyalty charges, help given to soldiers, men and women furnished employment, recommendations for citizenship given, settling of quarrels and strikes averted, the information concerning labor furnished agricultural department, the sending of some nonessential workers to the mines, the writing of letters for citizens, the securing of furloughs for soldiers, and the securing of jobs for returned soldiers. History of Kansas Council of Defense. 97 DECATUR COUNTY. County Chairman. — Otis L. Benton, Oberlin. Members. — H. Q. Banta, D. G. Campbell, Dr. H. J. Morrison, E. W. Coldren, Qeorge W. Keys, W. T. Stevenson, Dr. J. E. Wheeler, J. H. Young, L. M. Parker, Dr. I. E. Larrick, S. A. Fish, M. E. Brooks. County Legal Advisory Committee. — A. C. T. Geiger, chairman, Ober- lin; J. D. Peters, Oberlin; L. M. Parker, Oberlin; Otis L. Burton, Oberlin; Rev. J. P. Clark, Oberlin. The following splendid report was submitted by the chairman of the Decatur County Council of Defense: A special effort was made during the summer of 1918 to secure a large acreage of wheat, many citizens being induced to furnish seed wheat to those who could not buy it. The result was an increase in acreage of about fifteen per cent. During November, 1917, an organization was formed in each township and a fairly thorough canvass made, securing voluntary pledges to con- serve food during the war. During the early part of 1918 a call was made for the return of surplus flour, and considerable was returned for redistribution, but the exact amount was not ascertained as it was returned to the various merchants and no record kept. In May a fairly large amount of wheat was delivered on call, in all several thousand bushels. The executive committee of the Decatur County Council of Defense unanimously passed a resolution, which was supported by the various members from our council from every township in Decatur county, in- sisting upon loyalty throughout the county. We were able to enforce patriotic sentiments very generally among our people. We had a card index for every man and woman in the county, and all were solicited to do their part in the various financial drives according to the financial ability of each as developed by the tax returns on file with the county clerk. Very little difficulty was experienced in enforcing this method of universal participation throughout the various war drives. Our county officials gave us strong moral support when requested, which did very much toward crystallizing sentiment toward a general patriotic response at all times. All returned soldiers to the county have been furnished lucrative po- sitions, and all soldier boys are once again at home and are a part of a happy, contented people. On July 4, 1919, a great celebration and "wel- come home" was observed at Oberlin, county seat of Decatur county, at which time the soldier boys were all invited, and most of them were present. A fine military parade was participated in by the returned soldiers, much to the pleasure, pride and satisfaction of parents and the visiting friends composing the "army in the rear." The Kensington Military band, which accompanied President Wilson on his trips abroad, was one of the great attractions of the day. It is proper to say that Decatur county acquitted herself most loyally and patriotically during the war, and in the light of impartial history only words of commenda- tion can be expressed now after it is all over and most of our boys re- turned to their homes and loved ones. Summary of work performed by the various committees and organizations in behalf of our government during the recent war. Government bonds sold. First Liberty loan bonds sold, estimated $200,000 Second Liberty loan bo?ids sold, estimated 150,000 Third Liberty loan bonds sold, actual 184,650 Fourth Liberty loan bonds sold, actual 152^000 Fifth Liberty loan bonds sold, actual 113,850 Baby bonds sold, actual 177,056 Total government securities sold in Decatur county $977, 55t 7 — C. Def. — 5487 98 History of Kansas Council of Defense. Amounts of money contributed by people of Decatur county for philanthropic work during the war. Red Cross drives $25,919 Amount collected for 1918 memberships 2,994 Amount collected for 1919 memberships 2,946 Miscellaneous contributions , 890 Y. M. C. A. and United War Work contributions '. 10,371 Amount contributed by the people in the Jewish- Armenian relief fund, about. . 300 U. S. boys working reserve 53 Total $43,473 Total bonds sales, as above statement 977,556 Total investment of money of Decatur county people in the war to date, $1,021,029 DICKINSON COUNTY. County Chairrtian. — C. A. Case, Abilene. County Legal Advisory Committee. — S. S. Smith, chairman, Abilene; Arthur Hurd, Abilene; H. L. Humphrey, Abilene; C. A. Case, Abilene; E. H. Foumey, Abilene. DONIPHAN COUNTY. County Chairman. — F. W. Kotsch, Troy. County Legal Advisory Comm.ittee — ^C. W. Reeder, chairman, Troy; J. J. Baker, Troy; A. L. Perry, Troy; F. W. Kotsch, Troy; C. W. Reder, Troy. DOUGLAS COUNTY. County Legal Advisory Com^rndttee. — J. W. Green (deceased), chair- man, Lawrence; M. A. Gorrill, Lawrence; C. E. Lindley, Lawrence; W. E. Spaulding, Lawrence; T. J. Sweeney, Lawrence. The Douglas County Council, under the chairmanship of Charles H. Tucker, gave its ready support to all movements started by the State Council of Defense, but the drives for Liberty bonds, the Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., United War Work and so forth were conducted by local com- mittees appointed for each specific drive. Citizens were drafted for this work and meetings were held throughout the county by volunteer speak- ers. The work was completely and thoroughly done. Mr. Clarence Hall was chairman of the county food committee, and he and his fellow workers were active in the promotion and support of the Federal food drive, which involved increase of production and economy of foodstuffs. Classes at the University of Kansas on war work and war relief were given to the hundreds of members of the Students' Army Training Corps by the faculty. The home-service section of the Red Cross, aided by the county legal committee, took care of the families of the soldiers and sailors who needed help, giving legal advice free of charge and ready assistance re- garding insurance, compensation, back pay and so forth. Professor Blackmar, of the University, was chairman of the home-service section , of the Red Cross for Douglas county, and besides attending to the regular routine of business gave instruction to forty-two young women in the University, preparing them for the home-service work. During this preparation they attended to the necessary case work that was done in Lawrence. The Red Cross organization was prominent in service, but as this was done under Federal jurisdiction the history of the Red Cross movement in Kansas, although its services were frequently combined with the local, state and county work, belongs in another category and should be written as a special history. Douglas county did its full share of service, whether we consider loans, money, food, number of men in service, or the care of them or their families. History of Kansas Council of Defense. 99 EDWARDS COUNTY. County Legal Advisory Comrmttee — A. L. Moffatt, chairman, Kinsley; F. L. Slaughter, Kinsley; W. E. Broadie, Kinsley; Rev. W. I. Williams, Kinsley, Rev. Williams, Kinsley. Mr. D. Gibson, county chairman of Red Cross, gives the following re- port for Edwards county: Edwards county met every demand of the Red Cross, raised more than our quota in each drive; and we raised much more than our quota in the Y. M. C. A. drives, the Salvation Army drive and the United War Work campaign. We did not subscribe our full quota in either the first or sec- ond Liberty loan drives, but in the third and fourth and the Victory loan drives we reached our full quota. The council of defense was well supported, and kept well suppressed all pro-Germans, and looked well after the slackers. We had a company of about sixty Home Guards, who met and drilled at least once a week during the war. Food conservation was well looked after, and the local food adminis- trator was loyally supported by at least 95 per cent of our people, ELK COUNTY. County Chairman. — F. C. Flory, Howard. Members. — F. B. Caldwell, George H. Turner. County Legal Advisory Committee. — A. F. Sims, chairman, Howard; I. F. Deal, Grenola; G. J. Sharp, Howard; Frank Bobyns, Howard; Frank McKey, Howard. It was voted that the chairmen of the different war boards and the chairman of the council of the different townships compose the executive committee. The committee thus formed consisted of Arch J. Kearns, food administrator, and in charge of threshing department ; W. B. Russell, fuel administrator; H. G. Zirn, chairman bond drives; S. C. Hanna, chairman Red Cross; G. H. Ransom, chairman Y. M. C. A.; Elmer Hosier, Liberty township; A. C. Walters, Paw Paw township; A. C. Barnes, Union Center township; W. T. Sherlock and J. R. Dimmitt, Greenfield; Geo. H. Turner, Wild Cat; Bert Clough, Elk Falls; E. Clemans, Longton; H. E. Crane, Howard; A. S. Patterson, Painterhood; Russell, Oak Valley. It was the support given the Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., Knights of Columbus, Salvation Army, and other organizations conducting drives that made them successful, as our organization was so perfected that a word to the township chairman from the county president put the entire organization in action and back of these drives. This was also true of all of the bond drives. Our organization, by talks over the county and through the press, taught the people the need of conserving food, and our threshing com- mittee forced the threshers to cease from wasting grain. All com- plaints of profiteering were investigated, and those who were disobeying the law were made to comply therewith. Public meetings were held over the county of a patriotic character, and every effort was made to show the people that the war was their war and just. Slackers were given to understand that they were not good citizens. Numerous cases cf disloyalty were investigated, and practically all of the guilty ones brought to time in one way or another. The president of the county council of defense was chairman of the board to give instructions to the boys in the draft list. He was assisted by Frank Blizzard, Bert Russell, Dr. R. C. Harner, and Thos. E. Thomp- son. Meetings were held up to the time the armistice was) signed, and the young men instructed along the lines as suggested by the adjutant general, including preliminary military training by E. B. White. 100 History of Kansas Council of Defense. The people responded nobly to every appeal of the council and the organization consisted of practically all of the loyal men and women of the county. The war ended with money in our treasury, and every de- mand made on the organization was met. ELLIS COUNTY. County Chairman. — E. A. Rea, Hays. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Chas. W. Reeder, chairman. Hays; E. R. Rea, Hays; J. H. Simminger, Hays; W. A. Lewis, Hays; Rev. E. O. Rogers, Hays. ELLSWORTH COUNTY. County Chairman. — F. E. Demuth, Wilson; C. L. Banner. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Ira E. Lloyd, chairman, Ells- worth; J. D. Lafferty, Ellsworth; Geo. W. McCoy, Ellsworth; F. E. De- Muth, Ellsworth; Mrs. R. H. Vance, Ellsworth. Ellsworth county took a very active part in the various war activities. The Red Cross, relief work and war drives were efficiently handled. Mr. Banner reported that every drive was a success — all loans and drives going over the top. He says: "Patriotism was Al. No German schools were allowed. Slackers were taken care of. Every Non-partisan League organizer or pro-German was driven out of the county; several were sent to Fort Oglesthorpe, Ga., for the duration of the war, and several were under bond. One rich farmer was sent to jail, and a manager appointed to thresh his crop and farm his land. Four companies of Home Guards were organized in Ellsworth county." FINNEY COUNTY. County Chairman. — F. A. Gillispie, Garden City. County Legal Advisory Com,mittee. — Wm. Easton Hutchinson, chair- man. Garden City; R. J. Hopkins, Garden City; H. 0. Trinkle, Garden City; F. A. Gillispie, Garden City; Mrs. W. E. Hutchinson, Garden City. An advisory committee composed of B. F. Minis, W. M. Kinnison and William Wann, all of Garden City, were first appointed by the chair- man of the county council to give any aid and advice necessary. As Mr. Gillispie was also chairman of the county food administration, he combined the work and used the same committee for each. This com- mittee was composed of responsible men who were available for short- notice meetings, and did effective service. The chairman reports that ho met with the utmost cooperation and help from this committee, as they worked faithfully at all times. He reports: "Any canvassing or the sending out of literature or information or any other work that was necessary for both committees was promptly and carefully attended to immediately by these different chairmen. "I divided my county into the city of Garden City, one committee, and the seven congressional townships of the county with a committee in charge of each. My committees were as follows: Terry township, C. M. Niquette, chairman; Pleasant Valley township, S. A. Oxley, chairman; Garfield township, C. V. Chalfont, chairman; Sherlock township, J. C. Sharer, chairman; Garden City township, H. B. Quimby, chairman; Pierceville township, H. S. Walker, chairman; Ivanhoe township, Jess Kisner, chairman; city of Garden City, Rev. H. O. Judd, chairman; each of these gentlemen subdivided his district, with a good strong com- mittee in each district. "A great effort was made, and successfully at that, to increase the production of crops and live stock. This was especially noticeable in the History of Kansas Council of Defense. 101 city of Garden City, where all vacant lots were turned into gardens. Will also state that all rules of the food administration for the conser- vation of food were religiously adhered to. "Finney county was unusually free from disloyalty and from slackers and traitors. We had only had two men in this county on whom severe pressure had to be brought to bear, and these two men were properly and publicly disciplined. "I am still looking after, and with the aid of my committee, although they are formally disbanded at this time, taking care in every regard of all the returned soldiers. This has been a very pleasant duty, and at the same time one very easy to comply with, as we have been able to pro- cure satisfactory employment for every returned soldier." FORD COUNTY. County Chairman. — Lee Gould, Dodge City. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Carl Van Riper, chairman, Dodge City; Albert Watkins, Dodge City; Walter L. Bullock, Dodge City; Lee Gould, Dodge City; Rev. W. E. Rose, Dodge City. FRANKLIN COUNTY. County Chairman. — B. F. Bowers, Ottawa. County Legal Advisory Committee. — F. M. Harris, chairman, Ottawa; W. S. Jenks, Ottawa; J. W. Parker, Ottawa; B. F. Bowers, Ottawa; Mrs. E. W. Geiger, Ottawa. GEARY COUNTY. County Chairman. — W. A. Thomson, Junction City. County Legal Advisory Committee. — J. V. Humphrey, chairman. Junc- tion City; I. M. Pratt, Junction City; W. W. Pease, Junction City; W. A. Thomson, Junction City; Lawrence B. Morris, Junction City. GOVE COUNTY. County Chairman. — E. D. Samson, Quinter. County Legal Advisory Committee. — R. H. Thompson, chairman Gove; Gus Peterson, Gove; Geo. F. Turner, Gove; E. B. Samson, Quinter; A. B. Brandenburg, Quinter. GRAHAM COUNTY. County Chairman. — E. E. Mullaney, Hill City. County Legal Advisory Committee. — F. D. Turck, chairman, Hill City; E. E. Mullaney, Hill City; W. L. Sayers, Hill City, James 0. McVey, Hill City; J. Q. Sayers, Hill City. GRANT COUNTY. County Chairman. — H. W. Stubbs, New Ulysses. County Legal Advisory Committee. — S. A. Davis, chairman. New Ulysses; D. C. Sullivan, New Ulysses; W. A. Moore, New Ulysses; H. W. Stubbs, New Ulysses. GRAY COUNTY. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Harry Brince, chairman, Cimar- ron; John Harper, Cimarron; F. M. Luther, Cimarron; C. C. Isley, Cimarron; Wm. Hoover, Cimarron. 102 History of Kansas Council of Defense. Mr. C. C. Isley, county chairman of Gray county, gives the following report for Gray county : As soon as the war was declared Gray county showed her red blood by sending an unusual number of young men to the colors. The enlist- ments were so heavy that on the first draft Gray county was required to send only one soldier. If she had received credit for the men in the officers' training camps who received commissions, and for the men who had gone into the army a few days before the declaration was issued, and for those who had gone into the navy, we not only would have filled our first quota by volunteer enlistments, but would have shown an en- listment of twenty-five per cent in excess of our legal requirement. This volunteer enlistment exceeded the entire volunteer enlistment of several of the eastern states and more than the volunteer enlistment of Rhode Island and Vermont together. This single fact, from a little county of forty-five hundred people, is a credit and a tribute to the spirit sup- porting the war against imperialism, and if nothing else were said this alone should be sufficient to show Gray county's part in supporting the war. Early in the war the council of defense decided at a county rally to conduct the organization under a more' aggressive title. The young men who left for the front were for a more aggressive war against the de- stroyers of homes, of childhood, of civilization, and of liberty, and so the Gray County War Council was organized, to supplement the Council of Defense. The county was divided into five districts, grouped around the five principal towns — Cimarron, Ingalls, Ensign, Montezuma, and Copeland. Each district was presided over by a captain and two lieu- tenants. Every district was divided into communities, with a sergeant and two corporals to carry on the work. This organization directed the various drives, dividing the work up so that everyone in the community had a chance to share in the work required. Every requirement of the government and of the war agencies was met in Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., food conservation, and Liberty loan drives. Efficient Home Guards were organized in Cimarron, Ensign and Copeland. Gray county, being an agricultural county, suffered during the war a period of crop failures, which made the contribution to the govern- ment's war chest a real sacrifice, yet every demand was most cheerfully met. Production was urged upon the farmers, and in spite of the fact that it cost more than ever to produce, the farmers put forth every effort to produce all kinds of crops, and in this way they were ably sup- ported by the business men and the business organizations. Slackers were very scarce. One ignorant boy, after registering and submitting to the physical examination, failed to report for entrainment on the last call. He had been imposed upon by a misguided pacifist, under the cloak of religion. The draft board found him, however, and with the aid of the war council he willingly entered the service. Those who had instigated his disloyalty were turned over to the district attor- ney's office, with the result that they made no further trouble. The large Mennonite community had a little trouble in seeing the war in the proper light, but after being dealt with in the generous American, but firm, manner, supported the war causes liberally with very little further trouble. The following acted as county chairmen of the various activities: Forrest Luther, bond drives; Mrs. J. A. Evans, county chairman of the Red Cross; John Harper, chairman of the Red Cross drives; Rev. C. E. Brown, publicity and Red Cross home service; Mrs. D. B. Hungate, county supervisor of women's work in the Red Cross; Mr. Emery Ray, chairman of the Y. M. C. A. and Seven-in-One drives; Mrs. Ethel Avery, food administrator (the only woman food administrator in the state) ; H. N. Hildebrand, Roy Baker and J. N. Alexander filled the local draft board; H. J. Egbert, secretary of the War Council. The district captains were as follows: S. J. Vandine, Cimarron; Emery Ray, assisted by J. E. Burns, Ingalls; W. P. Elliott, assisted by History of Kansas Council of Defense. 103 R. M. Boyd, Copeland; A. R. Eddington, assisted by A. N. Rennie, Monte- zuma; Charles Sturdevant, assisted by J. K. Sayre, Ensign. A. R. Eddington died in the harness, a victim of the "flu." His efficient work in Montezuma township in every war activity was deeply appreciated by those who knew how faithfully he discharged his duties. GREELEY COUNTY. County Chairman. — W. M. Glenn, Tribune. County Legal Advisory Committee. — W. M. Glenn, Tribune, chairman; George L. Reid, Tribune; David R. Beckstrom, Tribune; Clement L. Wilson. GREENWOOD COUNTY. County Chairman. — C. E. Moore, Eureka. Members. — Chairman of the county emergency committee, C. E. Moore; chairman of the board of county commissioners, W. D. Laird; county superintendent of schools, Mary L. Service; president of the county Farmers' Institute, A. D. Fry; president of the county Farmers' Union, C. C. Huntington; president of county Farm Bureau, E. L. Barrier; president of the county Bankers' Association, H. D. Tucker; Mayor of Eureka, M. A. Miller; secretary of the Commercial Club, J. P. Alter; chairman of the board of education, Eureka, Dr. R. A. Bower; representa- tive of women's club, Mrs. Cyrus Brookover; editors, Geo. G. Wood, Robt. Focht. Township Presidents. — J. W. Knizley, Utopia; Arthur Pugh, Eureka; H. Shumard, Eureka; J. G. Smith, Hamilton; U. F. Berthot, Virgil; J. M. Ryan, Madison; E. J. Weaver, Piedmont; E. B. Giess, Toronto; H. J. Fuhlhage, Quincy; G. O. Olson, Eureka; Thos. Bland, Eureka; J. W. Bogart, Fall River; George Ott, Madison; W. E. Bancroft, Piedmont, C. B. Johnson, Severy. Executive Committee. — I. F. Benest, Severy; W. J. Bilson, Eureka; Ira Whipple, Eureka; W. O. Smith, Hamilton; Joe Sowder, Toronto; Wm. Beedles, Reece; T. O. Sears, Eureka; J. T. Braddock, Madison; Perry Clemans, Hamilton; B. M. Brown, Fall River, Ed S. Harris, Virgil; C. V. Lodge, Eureka; A. H. Anderson, Eureka; John A. Edwards, Eureka; E. F. Gregg, Neal; B. R. Smith, Reece; B. H. Carrithers, Climax; Garth McMillen, Piedmont. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Howard J. Hodgson, chairman, Eureka; Lew E. Clogston, Eureka; C. E. Moore, Eureka; A. B. Miller, Eureka; Mrs. A. B. Huntington, Eureka. The first work undertaken by the council was to establish a farm bureau with a county agent. A meeting was called, committee appointed, membership blanks sent out, and the matter taken before the county commissioners, and the Farm Bureau was established. Through the initiative of the council the chairman of the council, C. E. Moore, was elected secretary of the Greenwood county chapter of the American Red Cross, and continued to so serve during all the war; and the county took an active part in putting over all the Red Cross drives for membership and money, and then the Y. M. C. A. drives, Liberty bond drives. Victory loan, and the chairman also acted as county food administrator of this county. The council did good service along all conservative food drives. They looked after the boys as they went to war, and helped in a home- coming celebration for the boys, in which the sum of $2,400 was collected and expended in their entertainment. Took the matter up with the county commissioners of giving each boy an honor badge, and they -con- tributed money sufficient to pay for these badges. The council took active part in the suppression of slackers, investi- gating all cases that were reported to them. 104 History of Kansas Council of Defense. HAMILTON COUNTY. County Chairman. — Paul Rich. Syracuse. County Legal Advisory Committee. — George Getty, chairman, Syra- cuse; Emil H. Koehl, Syracuse; Chas. W. Burton, Syracuse; Paul Rich, Syracuse; Harry P. Jones, Syracuse. HARPER COUNTY. County Chairman. — Grant Potter, Attica. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Geo. E. McMahon, chairman, Anthony; E. C. Wilcox, Anthony; J. G. Washbon, Harper; Grant Potter, Attica; J. S. Knowles, Harper. HARVEY COUNTY. County Chairman. — J. C. Mack, Newton; C. A. Seaman; F. L. Greer, secretary. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Ezra Branine, chairman, Newton; H. W. Hart, Newton; C. L. Foster, Sedgwick; J. C. Mack, Newton; Mrs. Henry Hart, Newton. The secretary, F. L. Greer, sent in the following report for Harvey county: Red Cross drives, $85,000; Y. M. C. A. drives, $70,000; Salva- tion Army, $10,000; Knights of Columbus, $8,000; Liberty bond drives, $1,900,000; Home Guard recruiting, 220 members. HASKELL COUNTY. County Chairman. — J. S. Patrick, Santa Fe. County Legal Advisory Committee. — G. B. Levitt, chairman, Santa Fe; J. L. Suavely, Santa Fe; James S. Patrick, Santa Fe; I. S. Patrick, Santa Fe; C. G. Dennis, Sublette. HODGEMAN COUNTY. County Chairman — Roscoe Wilson, Jetmore. County Legal Advisory CoTmnittee. — R. H. Wilson, chairman, Jetmore; W. S. Kenyon, Jetmore; C. E. Roughton, Jetmore; B. H. Asher, Jetmore; A. H. Wilson, Jetmore. JACKSON COUNTY. County Chairman. — Devere Rafter, Holton. County Legal Advisory Commdttee. — E. D. Woodburn, chairman, Hol- ton; DeVere Rafter, Holton; Guy L. Hursh, Holton; H. F. Graham, Holton; T. A. Fairchild, Holton. JEFFERSON COUNTY. County Chairman — F. W. Coleman, Oskaloosa. County Legal Advisory Committee — H, T. Phinney, chairman, Oska- loosa; H. N. Casebier, Oskaloosa; W. O. Worswick, Oskaloosa; F. W. Coleman, Oskaloosa; May E. McLeod, Valley Falls. JEWELL COUNTY. County Chairman — J. S. Hart, Randall. County Legal Advisory Committee — R. W. Turner, chairman, Man- kato; R. C. Postlethwaite, Jewell City; W. R. Mitchell, Mankato; I. S. Hart, Randall; Lulu Coyner, Mankato. , History of Kansas Council of Defense. 105 JOHNSON COUNTY. County Chmrman. — Charles Pettyjohn, Olathe. County Legal Advisory Committee — F. R. Ogg, chairman, Olathe; J. W. Parker, Olathe; C. B. Little, Olathe; H. W. Wilson, Olathe; Charles Ott, Olathe. .KEARNY COUNTY. County Chairman. — Dr. C. F. Johnston, Lakin. County Legal Advisory Cominittee. — E. R. Thorpe, chairman, Lakin; A. R. Hetzer, Lakin; S. S. Tate, Lakin; Dr. C. F. Johnston, Lakin; Ber- tram L. Hart, Lakin. KINGMAN COUNTY. County Chairman. — W. L. Brown, Kingman. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Jno. H. Connaughton, chairman, Kingman; Charles C. Calkin, Kingman; S. S. Alexander, Kingman; W. L. Brown, Kingman; Clark A. Wallace, Kingman. KIOWA COUNTY. County Chairman. — A. W. McKinley, Greensburg. County Legal Advisory Committee — J. W. Davis, chairman, Greens- burg; J. D. Beck, Greensburg; O. D. Underwood, Greensburg; W. W. Mc- Kinley, Greensburg; H. M. Lyon, Greensburg. ■ LANE COUNTY. County Chairman. — J. A. Simmons, Dighton. County Legal Advisory Committee. — J. A. Simmons, chairman, Digh- ton; Wm. T. Caldwell, Dighton; J. H. Cavanaugh, Dighton; A. L. Lewis, Dighton; Mrs. Emma Peck, Dighton. LEAVENWORTH COUNTY. County Chairman. — E. Y. Blum, Leavenworth. County Legal Advisory Committee. — W. W. Hooper, chairman, Leaven- worth; Jno. T. O'Keefe, Leavenworth; L. H. Wulfekuhler, Leavenworth; E. G. Blum, Leavenworth; Mrs. J. K. Codding, Lansing. LABETTE COUNTY. County Chairman. — 0. Gossard, Oswego. Members. — J. F. Steele, Parsons; J. B. Dick, Labette; F. M. Wheeler, Altamont; A. B. Wilson, Oswego; W. L. Conneway, Edna; H. C. Berg- man, Dennis; D. A. Bollinger, Mound Valley; Clarence Silcott, Oswego; L. S. Edwards, Chetopa; W. R. Weeks, Wilsonton; J. M. Riker, Oswego; R. L. Hillegos, Chetopa; T. J. Short, Chetopa; Tom Sprague, Montana; John Wiggins, Oswego; J. M. Dyer, Parsons; August Boecker, Parsons; C. G. Whitby, Chetopa; Frank Stephens, Bartlett; A. H. McCarty, Valeda; F. E. George, Altamont; J. F. Nelson, Angola; W. L. Hudgins, Altamont; C. W. Edwards, Altamont; D. C. Christman, Oswego. Officers Red Cross. — O. Gossard, chairman; A. E. Hawke, vice chair- man; Mrs. T. A. Cordry, secretary; Kirby Barton, treasurer; Virgil Holmes, George Karr, Mrs. Rosa Patrick, Mrs. J. F. Rally, Dr. T. D. Blasdel. County Legal Advisory Comm,ittee. — C. J. Taylor, chairman. Parsons; W. V. Atkinson, Parsons; Nelson Case, Oswego; O. 0. Gossard, Oswego; Mrs. Rosa Patrick, Parsons. 106 History of Kansas Council of Defense. The county chairman was also chairman of practically every other war measure, including the five Liberty loan drives, in which the county went over the top. The work of the county was well organized, and made a splendid record for itself. Mr. 0. O. Gossard gives the following report for Labette county: Raised $51,000 on the first Red Cross drive. We did not have a Red Cross organization in the county when war was declared; now have the Labette county chapter, with an auxiliary in every town, and have about $35,000 in the treasury. We went above our quota in every Y. M. C. A. drive, and made quota in both Salvation Army and Knights of Columbus drives. The county assisted in increased production by better cultiva- tion of crops, plowed closer to fences, and even took some fences down for the purpose of tilling all the ground. All vacant lots were used as gardens, and also some side streets and alleys were used. No com- munity cooperated with a better spirit in the conservation of food or did more to increase production. Labette county went far above the quotas in every loan drive. The Home Guards were well organized at Oswego, Edna, Parsons, Labette City, Altamont, and Chetopa. LINCOLN COUNTY. County Chairman. — John J. McCurdy, Lincoln. County Legal Advisory Committee. — R. A. McFarland, chairman; John J. McCurdy, H. W. Rahmeier, Fred Rosworn, J. D. Miller. The Loyal League of Lincoln County was organized to assist the gov- ernment in the prosecution of the war. At a meeting called November 1, at the office of John J. McCurdy, a preliminary organization was formed, with the following present: G. A. Wilson, Judge A. Artman, J. S. Stover, J. M. Healy, E. A. McFarland, D. L. Carter, Wm. De Vinney, John J. McCurdy and E. J. Ryan. This organization was perfected at a meeting held November 7, but the charter was not granted until December 19, 1917, after which the following permanent officers were elected: G. A. Wilson, president; John J. McCurdy, vice president; G. W. Robinson, secretary; J. S. Stover, treasurer. Subsequently the following-named persons were chosen as members of the committee, in which were the following divisions: The public-service department, the finance department, the military and membership de- partment. G. A. Wilson was elected public-service manager; E. A. Mc- Farland, manager of the finance department; E. J. Ryan, manager of military and membership department. The following-named persons were chosen as members of the committee in charge of the following departments: Public service, G. A. Wilson, M. J. Healy and John J. McCurdy; finance department, E. A. McFarland, J. S. Stover, and D. L. Carter"; military and mem_bership department, E. J. Ryan, Judge A. Artman, and Will DeVinney. Members of the Loyal League were appointed in each township. A large number of members were enrolled in this organization, and the Lincoln Loyal League became the principal organization in the county through which all war activities were handled. The Loyal League at- tempted to handle the slacker problem, which was rather a difficult proposition. They cooperated with the Council of Defense and sat as a court to hear complaints against people who were not doing their share in the support of the war or who were expressing any disloyalty or un- willingness to support the government. When a complaint was made against any persons pertaining to their disloyalty or unwillingness to support the government, that report was turned over to the secretary of the Loyal League and a statement was taken from the person making the complaint, together with the witness to prove the charge. This complaint was entered on the investigation docket of the League, and the evidence was presented direct to the ac- cused person. If the evidence was deemed sufficient, the case was then History of Kansas Council of Defense. 107 transferred to the trial docket and given a number; a summons was then issued by the secretary of the League, G. W. Robinson, notifying the person to appear before the Council of Defense at the courthouse, for the purpose of hearing the evidence against them and present their own defense. The Loyal League made a complete census of the county, in order to furnish to the national government names of men who were fitted for certain classes of skilled or unskilled work. The seed survey was made by the league at the request of Professor Jardine, of Manhattan, Kan. E. A. McFarland was appointed county food administrator soon after the state committee was organized, and continued to serve until the organization was discontinued. In the Red Cross drive of June, 1917, the county was thoroughly or- ganized by townships under the county campaign manager, Dr. Sarah A. Cole. Speakers were sent to different parts of the county, and at a meeting attended by John J. McCurdy and G. A. Wilson, sheriff of Lin- coln county, a letter was written and prepared in printed form and mailed to each township officer in the county asking them to serve in the campaign. The county was organized into definite territories, and the county campaign manager for Lincoln county was assigned to the territory on the Lincoln branch from Lincoln county to the Colorado line. This territory extended through the greater part of six counties to the Colorado line. Meetings were held at all of the principal towns along the line. All officers cooperated in the drive with the volunteers who were con- ducting it, and not a single slacker was found. Lincoln county raised $16,082.59, or over $3,000 more than its quota. The second Red Cross drive was handled through the cooperation of the Lincoln Loyal League. Dr. Sarah Cole was county chairman and John J. McCurdy county campaign manager during these drives. The advertising feature and actual management was handled by Harry D. Hall and wife, whose knowledge and ability was of great assistance. An important meeting was held at the Methodist church of Lincoln on Sunday May 19, 1918, where addresses were given by Adjutant General Charles Huffman, Rev. A. S. Hale, H. A. Buzick, John J. McCurdy, and Governor Capper. The meeting was attended by the tenth battalion of the Kansas State Guard in uniform. During the following week of the drive headquarters were maintained at the city hall, in charge of Dr. Sarah A. Cole and Harry D. Hall. Dur- ing the campaign addresses were made by the following persons: John J. McCurdy, Mike Healy, Rev. R. L. Hendrickson, A. W. Swayze, A. Marshall, Will De Vinney, Miss Clarissa Green, and Dr. Sarah A. Cole. The executive committee of the Red Cross during the war consisted of the following-named persons: A. Marshall, H. S. Buzick, Dr. Sarah A. Cole, W. E. Voile, L. E. Hendrickson, J. A. Schellbenger, A. W. Swayze, and J. J. McCurdy. . The first Y. M. C. A. drive in Lincoln county occurred during the year 1918. The amount raised was $3,450. John S. Stover was manager of the drive, and the work of raising the funds was done under the direction of the Lincoln Loyal League. There was no Y. M. C. A organization in the county, but the people responded loyally to its support. The Seven-in-One drive took place January, 1919, including the Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., the Salvation Army, the Knights of Columbus, the War Camp Community Service, and . This was conducted under the direction of Mr. Ban Painter, of Beverly, assisted by the Loyal League of Lincoln county. The people of Lincoln county at all times patriotically and cheerfully complied with and obeyed all the food regulations that were made, and the success of the movement was largely due to the hearty cooperation of the people. There was an increased acreage of wheat planted in the fall of 1917, but the yield was disappointing as the crop was very nearly a 108 History of Kansas Council of Defense. failure. Again in the fall of 1918, a still larger acreage of wheat was put out which yielded an immense crop of fine wheat, but wet weather and high prices of labor made even the result of this crop unsatisfactory. Fair-price regulations were early put into effect and flour and sugar were rationed, but everyone had plenty and nobody suffered. When the call came for the return of surplus flour for redistribution there were in round numbers 40,000 pounds returned in the county, which was redis- tributed. This allowed the mills of the county to fill some war contracts. Lincon county was one of the best organized counties in the state and furnished a complete record of proceedings. We regret that it is impos- sible for us to print this in full, but the foregoing gives a brief outline of the active war-time service in the county. LINN COUNTY. War Council County Chairman. — Fred W. Pollman, La Cygne. Secretary. — Mr. Fisher, La Cygne. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Jno. O. Morse, chairman. Mound City; Jno. A. Hall, Pleasanton: Chas. F. Trinkle, La Cygne; Fred W. Pollman, La Cygne; J. S. Palling, Pleasanton. LOGAN COUNTY. County Chairman. — J. R. Young, Oakley. County Legal Advisory Committee. — C. A. Spencer, chairman, Oakley; W. H. Wagner, Russell Springs; S. E. Cary, Russell; J. R. Young, Oak- ley; Mrs. S. D. Hubberly, Oakley. LYON COUNTY. Officers. — W. C. Hughes, chairman County Council; J. M. Silvey, sec- retary. Members. — H. P. Hood; Jud O'Conner; C. A. Paine; J. F. Kenney; Tom Owens; Archie Hunter. County Legal Advisory Committee. — H. E. Ganse, chairman, Emporia; W. L. Huggins, Emporia; W. N. Smelser, Emporia; Howard Dunlap, Emporia; Geo. R. Jones; Emporia. Mr. J. M. Silvey, secretary of the Lyon County Council of Defense, gives the following report for the work done in Lyon county by the Council of Defense: I doubt very much if there was a more loyal, hard working, and con- sistent council of defense in the state than the one in Emporia, with Mr. W. C. Hughes, chairman. Other members of the committee were: J. M, Silvey, secretary; H. P. Hood, Jud O'Connor, C. A. Paine, J. F. Kenney, Tom Owens, and Archie Hunter. This council of defense worked hand in hand with every campaign organization on all war activity drives. This committee also assisted in carrying on campaigns for increased production, for the marketing of food stuffs, and through publicity and education acquainted the people with the needs of the government in war activities. Special mention should be given to Messrs. W. C. Hughes, J. F. Kenney, H. P. Hood, and Tom Owens, our sheriff. They never hesitated, day or night, to go to any part of the county to adjust any difficulty that may have arisen; and any time that they heard of a slacker, regardless of whether it was hoarding or failure to subscribe, this committee always gave it immediate attention. This committee also put on campaigns for war gardens, which were very successful, and worked right with the food price committee, in addition to the work of the Red Cross. History of Kansas Council of Defense. 109 MARSHALL COUNTY. County Chairman. — E. R. Fulton, Marysville. Members. — F. H. Westerman, Bremen; J. H. Moore, Oketo; Chas. Guise, Oketo; S. C. Dugan, Summerfield; F. G. Bergen, Summerfield ; C. A. Christianson, Bremen; J. G. Ellenbecker, Marysville; P. R. Puleine, Home City; R. S. Pauley, Beattie; John Carney, Axtell; Peter Behm, Marysville; F. E. Mayer, Marysville; W. H. Dexter, Home; J. J. Tilley, Frankfort; Frank Laun, Axtell; M. Delaney, Waterville; F. S. Paul, Blue Rapids; John C. Cottrell, Irving; T. H. McConchie, Frankfort; N. A. Brubaker, Bigelow; J. M. Rhodes, Frankfort; Wm. F. Robinson, Ver- million; Father Fitzgerald, Frankfort; James Fincham, Blue Rapids; W. W. Potter, Marysville; C. E. Nichols, Waterville. County Legal Advisory Committee. — W. W. Redmond, chairman, Marysville; E. A. Berry, Waterville; W. J. Gregg, Frankfort; E. R. Fulton, Marysville; Robt. L. Helvering, Marysville. Mr. E. R. Fulton gives the following report of the work done in Mar- shall county: Every drive that was put on in Marshall county was met with en- thusiastic support, and we went "over the top" in all of them. The quotas assigned to the county in all the drives, including the Liberty loan and Victory loan, were more than taken in every case. Patriotic meetings were held in every town in the county and in many schoolhouses. Marshall county did not have a single slacker. Home Guard companies were organized and uniformed in nine towns in the county. We have a large German population, but they were loyal and gave full support to every call. Mcpherson county. County Chairman. — B. A. Allison, McPherson. County Legal Advisory Committee — P. J. Galle, chairman, McPher- son; F. O. Johnson, McPherson; G. F. Grattan, McPherson, B. A. Alli- son, McPherson; Mrs. S. S. Bostion, McPherson. MEADE COUNTY. County Chadrman — Louis Boehler, Meade. County Legal Advisory Committee. — H. Llewelyn Jones, chairman, Meade; A. T. Bodle, jr., Meade; R. M. Painter, Meade; Louis Boehler, Meade; Mrs. W. F. Fee, Meade. MIAMI COUNTY. County Chairman. — David Lauver, Paola. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Frank M. Sheridan, chairman, Paola; Alpheus Lane, Paola; Frank J. Merrill, Paola; D. B. Allison, Paola; Miss L. D. Miller, Paola. MITCHELL COUNTY. County Chairman. — B. F. Bracken, Beloit. Members of Committee. — C. C. Blair, R. G. McKinnie, P. M. Fuller, F. L. Smith, J. B. Steichen, J. O. Evans, B. C. Gulp, J. F. Robinson, Robert Good, O. A. Brice, L. A. Mergen, Dr. H. A. Hope, D. M. Finney, and T. H. McCall. The report from Mitchell county is as follows: While we have not kept any particular record of our work, we responded to every call and gave assistance in all or nearly all of the drives for money for war work 110 History of Kansas Council of Defense. and sale of Liberty bonds. Special assistance was rendered in arranging for seed wheat for our farmers and increasing the food supply in our community. The school children in the various towns of the county were organized and interested in making gardens. The individual members of our unit were at all times engaged in the various war activities. MONTGOMERY COUNTY. County Chairman. — R. R. Bittman, Independence. County Legal Advisory Committee. — T. B. Tomlinson, chairman, Inde- pendence; Thomas Wagstaff, Independence; Charles D. Welch, Coffey- ville; R. R. Bittman, Independence; Harry Halsey, Independence. MORRIS COUNTY. County Chairman. — M. E. Leatherwood, Council Grove. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Harry E. Snyder, chairman, Council Grove; Edwin Anderson, Council Grove; M. B. Nicholson, Coun- cil Grove; M. E. Leatherwood, Council Grove. MORTON COUNTY. County Chairman. — Mayo Thomas, Elkhart. County Legal Advisory Coonmdttee. — Edgar Roberts, chairman, Elk- hart; Mayo Thomas, Elkhart; W. D. Thompson, Richfield; Mayo Thomas, Elkhart; Mrs. F. M. Mason, Elkhart. NEMAHA COUNTY. County Chairman. — Rev. A. J. Morton, Seneca. County Legal Advisory Committee. — W. G. Higgins, chairman, Sa- betha; C. C. K. Scoville, Seneca; Geo. W. Hook, Sabetha; Rev. A. J. Morton, Seneca; R. M. Emery, jr., Seneca. MARION COUNTY. County Chairman. — Homer Hoch, Marion. County Legal Advisory Committee. — W. H. Carpenter, D. W. Wheeler, Homer Hoch, B. D. Van Ostrand; J. D, Leppey. The report as given by the chairman : It will be impossible for me to give any detailed account of the work done in our county. I was also county food administrator, and the work of the county council of defense was never organized in our county in a very systematic way, as my time was taken up very largely with the food administration, as well as with duties on the legal advisory board and other war activities. However, we did a great deal of work, cooperating with local organizations in various parts of the county and with citizens generally. Our first ac- tivity was in promoting food production. This was before the food ad- ministration's work had gotten under way. We conducted an educational campaign through circulars and newspaper advertisements. Personally I did considerable work in answering official inquiries with reference to applicants for citizenship, and in similar matters. Of course we cooper- ated in every way we could in the various war drives. NEOSHO COUNTY. County Chairman. — Wilbur F. Allen, Chanute. County Legal Advisory Com/mittee. — J. J. Jones, chairman, Chanute; H. P. Forrelly, Chanute; R. B. Smith, Erie; Wilbur F. Allen, Chanute; A. E. Crall, Erie. History of Kansas Council of Defense. Ill The county chairman of Neosho county, as in many other counties, was chairman of many other important committees connected with war activities, including food administrator, all of which were handled in an able manner. The report of the work done in Neosho county, made by C. P. Traxel, shows that this county did its share in winning the war. War gardens were encouraged, as well as farmers encouraged to increase crop produc- tion. Squads were organized from among the business men to assist the farmers in shocking and stacking their wheat. Our people were loyal in using the substitutes for both flour and sugar. They were liberal in buying bonds and in their contributions to the war activities. Last summer when there seemed to be a shortage of labor, our oil men passed a resolution to the effect that they would shut down every drilling rig in this county and allow their workers to assist the farmers in saving the grain, but this was not necessary, because of the help given by the merchants, both in Erie and Chanute. Our city and county responded liberally in every call, whether for the sale of bonds, war savings stamps, or contribution to the Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., or any other activity. Practically a house-to-house canvass was made in all these drives, and we also assisted the rural districts in raising their quota. Every assistance was given to filling out the ques- tionnaires, as well as free legal advice to soldiers and their families, and every means taken to see that no soldier or soldier's family was taken advantage of while he was in the service. The work of these various organizations were so intertwined that we find it hard to mention separately the work done through the council of defense. NESS COUNTY. Cotinty Chairman. — Howard I. Floyd, Ness City; W. P. Miner, treas- urer; Miss Frances Pausch, secretary. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Roy H. Baer, chairman; Ness City; W. D. Miner, Ness City; Lorin Peters, Ness City; Howard I. Lloyd, Ness City. The county council of defense was organized in a broad and compre- hensive way to take care of all of the war activities of Ness county. The county chairman of each department of war work was given a place on the executive council of the county council of defense. The chairmen of the various townships in the county were : C. D. Foster, Center township ; M. C. Buffington, Franklin township; Carl Newcomer, Waring township; Rev. J. M. Briggs, Nevada township; W. E. Traylor, Ohio township; Miss C. N. Harkness, Eden township; Geo. S. Stullken, Bazine township; John Bondurant, Highpoint township; D. C. Jones, Johnston tovniship; F. E. Mathes, Forrester township. Previous to the selection of the above-mentioned chairmen, a county campaign was conducted for the purpose of familiarizing the citizens of the county with the purpose of the organization, and also to impress upon them the seriousness of the situation at that time and of the necessity of team work in carrying out the work that would be assigned our county by the government from time to time. At least one meeting was held in each township and several speakers, including ministers, lawyers, teachers and business men, would address these meetings. At the con- clusion of each meeting the organization for that particular township would be perfected. It was deemed advisable to put through each of the drives of the various war activities for the county by means of one and the same organization, the county council of defense, rather than to have a sepa- rate organization for each branch of the war work, and with this in view the county chairman appointed as his executive committee all the chair- men of the various war activities, as follows : Mrs. Elizabeth P. Foulks, chairman county Red Cross; A. S. Foulks, chairman county Y. M. C. A.; 112 History of Kansas Council of Defense. A. W. Wilson, chairman county Liberty bond drives; Mrs. G. N. Raffing- ton, chairman Women's division Liberty bond drives; 0. L. Lennen, chairman county four-minute men. In addition to the above, the following were named as members of the executive committee: Mrs. Grace Beardslee, secretary of the county Red Cross; Wm. D. Miner, treasurer of county Red Cross; Prof. 0. J. Wier, superintendent Ness City schools; E. B. Hopper, cashier Citizens' Na- tional Bank of Ness City. The executive committee had general supervision of all war work in the county. Each particular drive was in charge of the chairman of that particular branch of the war work, but all of them were put through the same channel — the executive committee of the county council of defense and the several township organizations. It was found that by using the same committees for all the drives they became more and more efficient with each succeeding drive. One of the first and most important things done by the executive com- mittee was to compile a card index for the county. On these cards was kept a complete record of the contributions and war activities of each individual in the county who had attained an age where they should do something. Where little or nothing was being done by any one, pressure was brought to bear, and after the first drive or two practically everyone in the county did his "bit." In order to keep up the enthusiasm and interest in the war work, county-wide meetings, called patriotic meetings, were held from time to time in Ness City. At one of these meetings President T. W. Butcher, of the State Normal School, was the principal speaker. He delivered a scholarly and highly patriotic address, which did much to arouse our people to a realization of their duty in the war. There were two county food administrators for Ness county during the existence of the war — the writer, who served for the first year, and H. D. Miner, who served for the remainder of the war. Under these administrators much hoarded food was returned to the stores throughout the county, and all orders of the state and national food administrations were carried out. October 28, 1919. Hon. Howard I. Floyd, Ness City, Kan. : Dear Sir — You asked me to furnish you with some information con- cerning the activities of the American Red Cross in Ness county, and especially as to what had been accomplished by our chapter since its organization in June, 1917. Replying, beg to state that our people have contributed to the cause through us during the two years since the above date approximately $29,000 in cash. We have forwarded to the bureau of supplies at St. Louis, Mo., 85 boxes containing the f ollovnng finished articles : Surgical dressings, consisting of bandages, compresses, pads, rolls, etc 20,081 Pairs of men's socks 2,920 Men's sweaters 1,336 Other knitted articles, consisting of wristlets, mufflers, helmets, etc 718 Hospital garments, consisting of pillows and cases, pajamas, shirts, socks, napkins, towels, etc 4,720 Refugee garments (children's and infant's clothing and underclothing) 681 Total . . . 30,456 We have also collected and forwarded 4,570 pounds of shoes and clothing for the destitute people of the war-stricken districts of France and Belgium. Very truly yours, Wm. D. Miner, Treasurer Ness County Chapter, American Red Cross. History of Kansas Council of Defense. 113 The same plan of campaign was followed in each drive. As soon as the quota for the county was received from the district committee, the county chairman called a meeting of the township chairman to discuss plans for the campaign and agree upon quotas for the different townships. Dates for public meetings in the different townships were agreed upon, which meetings were presided over by the chairman of the township in which the meeting was held, and advertising matter distributed through the township chairman. The county chairman conducted a discussion of the campaign in the county newspapers and assisted the township chairman in organizing his committee and conducting their public meetings. During the first drive a complete card index of the county' was made, which was used in the other drives. A complete canvass of each township was made by the committee, traveling in pairs, the drive usually being made in one day, and subscriptions were taken, after which the township committee com- pared their lists, and if it was found that some had not subscribed that should have they were revisited by some members of the committee and the work continued until the township quota was raised, reports being made to county chairman at close of each day. The following is a list showing the drives, by townships, giving quotas and amounts raised : Third Liberty Loan. Township. Quota. Subscribed. Bazine $18,150 $16,400 Center 13,000 31,950 Eden 9,600 8,450 Franklin 11,250 13,150 Forrester 7,600 8,250 Highpoint 10,550 10,800 Johnston 6,400 3,500 Nevada 16,100 20,200 Ohio 15,300 15,150 Waring 16,250 19,550 Totals $124,200 $147,400 Fourth Liberty Loan. Township. Quota. Subscribed. Center $30,285 $38,400 Waring 30,156 32,000 Nevada 30,156 31,700 Bazine 28,057 28,250 Ohio 20,188 23,650 Franklin 13,447 17,650 Highpoint 14,415 14,450 Eden 10,511 11,950 Forrester 11,610 5,850 Johnson 4,675 4,800 Totals $193,500 $208,700 Victory Loan. Township. Quota. Subscribed. Nevada $20,000 $35,200 Center : 20,000 26,100 Ohio 14,000 17,850 Waring 20,000 21,900 Eden 8,000 8,700 Franklin 9,000 9,150 Highpoint 10,000 4,400 Bazine 19,000 7,400 Forrester 8,000 3,250 Johnson 3,400 700 Totals $132,600 $134,650 The loan committee of Ness county raised the quota by townships, instead of the quotas given the banks, however the banks were credited with all subscriptions taken through them, and the following results were obtained: 8 — C. Def. — 5487 114 History of Kansas Council of Defense. $156,800 Subscription. $13,400 29,450 11,500 27,500 36,300 44,050 27,700 16,350 6,600 Third Liberty Loan. Bank. Quota. Subscription. Arnold State Bank, Arnold $7,800 $7,000 Bazine State Bank, Bazine 9,100 20,850 Beeler State Bank, Beeler 3,400 6,500 Brownell State Bank, Brownell 12,200 20,150 Citizens' National Bank, Ness City 35,100 30,200 National Bank of Ness City, Ness City 26,100 36,100 First State Bank, Ransom 17,000 20,550 Citizens' State Bank, Utica 13,500 15,000 Railroads 450 Totals $124,200 Fourth Liberty Loan. Bank. Quota. Arnold State Bank, Arnold $13,500 Bazine State Bank, Bazine 20,500 Beeler State Bank, Beeler 5,500 Brownell State Bank, Brownell 15,250 Citizens' National Bank, Ness City 44,000 National Bank of Ness City, Ness City 44,000 First State Bank, Ransom 38,000 Citizens' State Bank, Utica 12,750 Railroads Totals $193,500 Victory Loan. Bank. Quota. Arnold State Bank, Arnold $9,350 Bazine State Bank, Bazine 9,450 Beeler State Bank, Beeler 4,100 Brownell State Bank, Brownell 14,850 Citizens' National Bank, Ness City 36,450 National Bank of Ness City, Ness City 25,600 First State Bank, Ransom 21,000 Citizens' State Bank, Utica 11,800 Net credit outside of county Totals $132,600 $134,650 WAR SAVINGS STAMP CAMPAIGN. In addition to being chairman of the Liberty loan committee for Ness county, A. W. Wilson was made county director for war savings stamps, and conducted the general campaign through the schools and banks of the county and put on the drive of June 28, 1918, at which time the school boards of more than sixty school districts in Ness county held a meeting and took pledges for war savings stamps. The drive was held during harvest time, and was not well attended; nevertheless, through the work of the various school boards an appeal was made to each family in the county with very few exceptions and their pledge taken when pos- sible. This drive was not so successful as the Liberty loan drives, and the quota was not reached, the quota for Ness county being $137,320 while $43,783 worth of stamps was actually sold, or an average for the county of $7.65 for each individual. This campaign was conducted by the holding of public meetings and speakers assigned for at least two school districts in each township on the Sunday afternoon before the time set for the drive. Stamps were sold at all the post oflfices and banks in the county. The literature for the conducting of the school-district meetings for seventy-eight school districts in the county with the returns for said meetings was all handled direct from the office of the county director. NORTON COUNTY. County Chairman. — N. L. Johnson, Norton. County Legal Advisory Committee. — R. W. Hemphill, chairman, Nor- ton; L. H. Thompson, Norton; W. S. Cannon, Norton; Willard Sim- mons, Norton; N. L. Johnson, Norton. $212,850 Subscription. $9,350 9,500 8,400 15,850 21,000 25,650 26,250 11,650 7,000 History of Kansas Council of Defense. 115 OSAGE COUNTY. County Chairman. — T. J. O'Neil, Osage City. County Legal Advisory Committee. — J. T. Pringle, chairman, Bur- lingame; C. T. Neihart, Lyndon; C. G. Messerly, Osage City; T. J. O'Neil, Osage City; Wm. Powell, Burlingame. OSBORNE COUNTY. Officers. — President county war council, W. A. Layton, Osborne; vice president, F. C. Everitt, Osborne; secretary, Allis Babcock, Os- borne; treasurer, D. C. Henderson, Osborne. Executive Committee. — W. A. Layton, B. P. Walker, E. R. Farwell, E. O. Henshal, Mrs. W. A. Layton, D. C. Henderson, R. E. Brodrick, C. E. Rarick, Allis Babcock, F. C. Everitt. County Legal Advisory Committee. — N. C. Else, chairman, Osborne; W, E. Machin, Osborne; Harvey McCaslin, Osborne; W. A. Layton, Os- borne; Mrs. M. D. Larosh, Osborne. In April of 1918, Osborne county organized a war council which was to control and direct all war activities in the county. This was organized at a public meeting of the county, and Hon. W. A. Layton was elected chairman; Rev. F. C. Everitt, vice chairman; D. C. Henderson, treas- urer, and Allis Babcock, secretary. The Council was composed of the chairmen of all the various war activities in the county. This war coun- cil had an office in the courthouse, and paid the secretary a small salary (which was set by the secretary) , and maintained other office expenses from a fund of $1,200 which was set aside by the county commissioners for this purpose. The chairman, Mr. Layton, gave all his time, and the other members of the council gave such time as was necessary for the carrying on of their various departments. This sum was so economically handled that it was sufficient to maintain the office for fifteen months, which it could not have done if everyone had not given every possible help both in time and service. Each town and township in the county then appointed or elected a town or township chairman of war activities, and that chairman named a committee varying in number as he saw fit. Some of the committees had twelve or fifteen members, and some had only four or five. These committees pledged themselves to assist in and direct every war activity that was given them to direct. With this or- ganization the county was able' to raise its quota in nearly every drive and to direct such other war work as became necessary. Following is an explicit report by drives of quotas and amounts raised. Quota. Subscription. First Red Cross war fund $20,000 $22,364.65 Third Liberty loan 242,000 353,750.00 Second Red Cross war fund 14,800 17,256.87 Fourth Liberty loan 360,000 412,450.00 United War Work campaign 18,000 19,919.00 Armenian relief and French orphans 6,000 3,272.18 Fifth or Victory loan 252,000 335,950.00 War savings stamps 274,000 256,000 . 00 The first Young Men's Christian Association drive and the two first Liberty loan campaigns were put on before the council was organized. The agricultural production of wheat and corn, this county's main crops, was probably not materially increased, as this county was all un- der cultivation before the war, and every acre was planted to some sort of crop, but during the war, extra effort was made that no land should be wasted, and every bit of available ground was in some sort of crop requested by the government. The production of garden stuff was very materially increased, since nearly every household had home gardens and all vacant lots in the towns were planted to some sort of crop. Threshing committees over the county saw to it that all grain was 116 History of Kansas Council of Defense. properly and economically harvested and threshed, and registered every threshing machine owner, in order that all machines should be used. A free labor bureau was carried on by the War Council to furnish harvest- ers and threshers to the farmers, so that all crops could be saved. This labor bureau, under Mr. Layton's direction, did very efficient service. Garden clubs were organized among the children, and every practical means of encouraging production was energetically used. Food conservation was strictly and consistently enforced, and every merchant, baker and restaurant man, and all those who dealt with food in large quantities reported loyally and regularly to the food chairman. There was no slacking in Osborne county among the merchants or other handlers of food, and a hearty cooperation with the government program was found in almost all cases. Food conservation by private individuals was universal and patriotic. In the one or two cases of hoarding that were reported the War Council was able to effect a correction by the force of public opinion or by reporting to the district attorney. The food conservation pledges were signed and a thorough drive put on in all parts of the county, with fine results. Public meetings were held, community sings organized in all parts of the county, in every drive, and all possible occasions for the encourage- ment of a patriotic feeling. Material was furnished to ministers and schools for patriotic sermons, speeches and four-minute talks at the pic- ture show. Schools were encouraged in patriotic programs, and flag drills, and I think everything was done to encourage and foster a public patriotism. Slackers were reported to the district attorney; moral suasion and public opinion was used, and in two cases, without the knowledge or sanction of the War Council, yellow paint was used. Osborne county was very free of slackers, but the few we had were dealt with as severely as the district attorney would back us up in dealing. Home guards were recruited in all the towns in the county, and were furnished with uniforms by the county. They drilled regularly and guarded the elevators and railroads when the government wished it. They have only recently disbanded. OTTAWA COUNTY, County Chairman. — A. Kay Wells. County Legal Advisory Comtnittee. — E. C. Sweet, chairman, Minne- apolis; D. F. Boyse, Minneapolis; Roy Gaflford, Minneapolis; A. Kay Wells, Minneapolis; Dr. C. D. Clarke, Minneapolis. At the request of the county chairman, Mr. C. C. Davis, county clerk, sent the following report: Red Cross drives, total for the county, including all drives, $52,865; Y. M. C. A. and Salvation Army drives, including all drives, $23,803. Increased Agricultural Production and Food Conservation Drives. — These drives were worked to the limit, having had the county organized with committees in almost all the townships. Public meetings were held and the work pushed all during the war. Liberty bond drives, $837,350; Victory loan drives, $299,500. Promotion of Patriotism. — This was worked through the schools, churches and different orders, carried on by public speaking and the dis- tribution of literature. Suppression of Slackers. — This branch was handled by the draft board. At the outbreak of the war they published the law dealing with slackers, also appealing to the loyalty of the people. We had no slackers. Home Guard Recruiting. — We had five companies of Home Guards recruited in the county and several more applications for charters in at the time of the signing of the armistice. Also furnished G company, 137th Infantry, National Guards, first going to the Mexican border, then to France, where they made a world's record, as history will show. History of Kansas Council of Defense. 117 PAWNEE COUNTY. County Chairman. — H. M. Halloway, Larned; Dr. J. A. Dillon, Lar- ned; Harvey Eckert, Larned. County Legal Advisory Committee. — W. H. Vernon, Larned, chairman; H. S. Rogers, Larned; G. W. Finney, Larned; H. M. Holloway, Larned; Mrs. A. A. Doerr, Larned. PHILLIPS COUNTY. County Chairman. — W. H. Brandt, Phillipsburg; W. D. Womer. County Legal Advisory Committee. — W. A. Barron, chairman, Phillips- burg; J. F. Gray, Kirwin; Wm. Kingery, Phillipsburg; W. H. Bandt, Phillipsburg; Mrs. C. P. O'Leary, Phillipsburg. POTTAWATOMIE COUNTY. County Chairman. — Geo. M. Bittman, Wamego. County Legal Advisory Committee. — E. M. Brunner, chairman, Wa- mego; E. C. Brookens, Westmoreland; Maurice Murphy, St. Marys; Geo. M. Bittman, Wamego; H. G. McPherson, St. Marys. PRATT COUNTY. County Chairman. — Thad. C. Carver, Pratt. County Legal Advisory Comm-ittee. — Wm. Barrett, chairman, Pratt; R. F. Crick, Pratt; Wm. B. Hess, Pratt; Thad. C. Carver, Pratt; Mrs. A. Wellis, Pratt. List of Chairmen of To^vnship Committees. — McClellan township, S. W. Konkel, Cullison; Elm township, W. H. Brown, Sawyer; City of Sawyer, F. C. Trillingham, Sa'v\'yer; Banner township, F. L. Farnsworth, Cullison; Ninnescah township, Charles S. Moon, Pratt; Logan township, I. T. Ramsey, Pratt; Carmi township, S. J. Allmon, Preston; city of Preston, R. B. Haines, Preston; McPherson township, R. B. Sanders, Pratt; north half of Center township, Ezra Elliott, Pratt; Haynesville township, M. H. Hays, Preston; Paxon, J. R. Wheatley, Sawyer; Spring- vale township, Jas. G. Johnston, Cullison; Grant township, Charles Har- per, Coats; Lincoln township. J. J. Moore, Byers; Valley township, E. L. Fitzsimmons, Cunningham; Naron township, C. L. Battin, Fravil; luka township, F. M. Young, luka; city of Pratt, H. E. Shrack, first ward; S. P. Gebhart, second ward; W. B. Hess, third ward; A. A. Cochran, fourth ward; Saratoga township, A. J. Brehm, Pratt; Gove township, H. E. Hiskett, Isabel; city of Coats, L. L. Orr, Coats; Richland township, L. M. Hutchison, Cullison; south half of Center township, Ray Clark, Pratt. Will say that Pratt county was very loyal, exceptionally so, in all its support to the war measures. The Red Cross drives in all cases were oversubscribed ; the same with the Y. M. C. A. drives and the Salva- tion Army drives — in fact, all of the drives of every nature pertaining to war work in Pratt county v/ere subscribed to enthusiastically, and with very few exceptions Pratt county was loyal. The Council of De- fense had very little trouble in raising their subscriptions, and more too. The county was thoroughly organized. There were about two hundred workers, divided into twenty-four precincts. It required only about three or four hours' time for us to make a complete survey of our county. The Liberty loan drives were exceptionally good, all loans being over- subscribed. We had very little work along the line of suppressing slack- ers, as we had so few of them. Our Home Guard did efficient work, and was well organized. From my knowledge of Pratt county, I feel free to say there is no county more patriotic in the United States, and I 118 History of Kansas Council of Defense. certainly appreciate the support that everybody gave me when I called upon them for help. The members of the Council of Defense in Pratt county were prompt in their response and untiring in their work. We cannot speak too highly of the war activities for Pratt county. RAWLINS COUNTY. County Chairman. — C. A. P. Falconer, Atwood. County Legal Advisory Committee. — M. A. Wilson, chairman, Atwood; J. H. Briney, Atwood; E. E. Howard, Atwood; C. A. P. Falconer, At- wood; S. C. Price, Atwood. RENO COUNTY. County Chairman. — Will S. Thompson. County Legal Advisory Committee. — F. L. Martin, chairman, Hutchin- son; J. S. Simmons, Hutchinson; A. C. Malley, Hutchinson; Will S. Thompson, Hutchinson; Mrs. Fred W. Cook, Hutchinson. The county chairman was also county food administrator. He was greatly assisted in his work by Ralph Hemingway, Haven; J. C. Regier, Buhler; Charley Hornbaker, Castleton; F. C. Field, Pretty Prairie; E. O. Allmon, Turon; Mr. Sharp, Langdon; R. M. Taylor, Arlington; Geo. H. Yust, Sylvia; J. N. Hinshaw, Plevna; Mr. Haskard, Partridge; J. E. Humphrey and Chas. Wooddell, Nickerson. The duties of this committee were very arduous and exacting, and consisted of the promulgation of the rules and regulations of the food department and the insistence of the observance of the meatless days, issuing all sugar permits, and the seeking out of sugar and flour hoard- ers, of which there were very few. Through the cooperation of the assistants throughout the county, an overseer was appointed for every township in the county, who was given direct charge of all threshing machines in their respective townships, to the end that they personally examined the threshing machines and separators, so as to minimize the amount of wheat going into the stack and hauling to market by the farmers of their wheat as rapidly as the elevators in the county could take care of the grain. Various petitions were carried through the county soliciting the sig- natures of the housewives, in which they agreed to observe all the rules and regulations as they were issued from the food department, and look- ing towards the conservation of all food and eliminating all waste. Will S. Thompson was county fuel administrator, with the same as- sistants over the county as acted in the food department. Through their activities the distribution of coal was systematically rendered, and in no instance were any of the schools or hospitals in the county closed for lack of fuel. Their duties consisted of keeping in active touch with the receipts of coal in their communities and an equitable distribution per family, to the end that while coal was very scarce and hard to get no one actually suffered for the lack of fuel. Reno county had the honor of supplying the state fuel administrator, viz.. Senator Emerson Carey. Reno county also furnished a member of the speakers' bureau of the State Council of Defense, viz., Will S. Thompson. The chairman of the county council had charge of the disposition of Smileage books in Reno county. All were sold and accounted for. He together with C. O. Hitchcock and V. M. Wiley were the committee hav- ing in charge the solicitation of applicants for the first and second officers' training camps. Mr. Harry W. Chabin was in charge of the government employment agency. Red Cross. — The first Red Cross drive our quota was $55,000; we raised $68,919.88. The second Red Cross drive our quota was $85,000, History of Kansas Council of Defense. 119 and we raised $103,268.22. Mr. C. M. Branch was treasurer and L. E. Fontron was chairman. Liberty Loan Drive. — Our figures were unavailable for the first and second drives. The third drive the quota was $426,300; the total sub- scribed, $793,100. The fourth drive our quota was $823,750; total sub- scribed, $1,149,300. The fifth drive our quota was $746,600; total sub- scribed, $873,550. Mr. E. W. Meyer was chairman for the county for all three of these drives. War Savings Stamps. — Mr. Bert E. Mitchner was chairman. The county's quota was $885,900; total subscribed, approximately, $965,000. Armenian Drive. — Was in charge of C. H. Humphreys, but I am sorry to state no figures are available, but we exceeded our quota. Y. M. C. A. — V. M. Wiley was chairman. These figures are not ob- tainable, but we also went over the quota in that. Knights of Columbus. — Was in charge of Doctor Carhart. These fig- ures are not available, but this also went over the top. REPUBLIC COUNTY. County Chairman. — C. W. Copeland, Belleville. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Nelson J. Ward, chairman, Belle- ville; W. D. Vance, Belleville; R. E. McTaggart, Belleville; C. W. Cope- land, Belleville; Dr. D. E. Foristall, Belleville. RICE COUNTY. Officers. — County chairman, Harry Taylor, Lyons; vice chairman, Rev. E. C. Osen, Lyons; chairman Liberty loan committee, J. D. Zimmer- man, Sterling. County Legal Advisory Committee. — L. E. Quinlan, chairman, Lyons; Ben Jones, Yyons; Fred P. Green, Sterling; Harry Taylor, Lyons; Mrs. D. J. Fair, Sterling. RILEY COUNTY. County Chairman. — W. R. Yenawine, Manhattan. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Jno. C. Hessin, chairman, Man- hattan ; Alvin R. Springer, 'Manhattan ; Chas. Hughes, Manhattan ; W. R. Yenawine, Manhattan; Mrs. Allie L. Stingley, Manhattan, ROOKS COUNTY. Officers. — County chairman, Frank M. Smith, Stockton; secretary, B. B, McReynolds, Plainville. Executive Committee. — C. M. Burroughs, Plainville; P. D. Scott, Woodson; Wm. Edwards, Webster; C. L. Miller, Palco; F. W. Hage- meister, Stockton. County Legal Advisory Committee. — O. O. Osborne, chairman, Stock- ton; W. B. Ham, Stockton; E. G. Spealman, Stockton; Frank M. Smith, Stockton; H. A. Butler, Stockton. The first move made was to secure increased food production, as the outbreak of war had found agricultural conditions in Rooks county the worst in years. The corn crop of 1916 had been almost a total failure,, being considered by the authorities as making but five bushels to the acre. In the fall of 1916 the farmers had heard the cry of "the world is starv- ing," and had planted 220,000 acres of wheat, but the winter had been one of the worst for wheat in the history of the county, and in the spring of 1917 it was found that practically all had winterkilled. In fact, only about 11,000 acres was ever cut, and that made only three bushels to the acre. 120 History of Kansas Council of Defense. This was not a bright prospect, but the committee went to work, work- ing in harmony and in cooperation with various other patriotic organiza- tions and with patriotic farmers in every locality, and sufficient good seed corn was secured and sentiment stirred up until almost every acre was planted to a spring crop, the reports showing 204,000 acres of corn, and 25,000 acres of feed crops, almost three times the normal acreage; and over 40,000 acres of spring grains, five times the normal acreage. But the season of 1917 proved to be the most disastrous in many years, and this wonderful acreage was almost a total loss, so much so in fact that the average value of all crops raised in the county was only $2.30 to the acre. Many farmers with hundreds of acres of corn did not even get one bushel of grain. A record of the success of the various drives for war funds of all kinds will be found elsewhere, but Rooks county is satisfied that its re- sponse will be found to have compared favorably with that from counties whose average value of crops to the acre was well over $30. Many times it was almost a puzzle to the committee where the money for the war activities could possibly come from, yet always it came, and willingly. As fall approached the committee began an investigation of the seed- wheat proposition, and found that all told there was only about 100,000 bushels of wheat in the county. In the spring there had been only 130,- 000 bushels in storage and much of this had been sold as unfit for seed, while the harvested crop had been only about 30,000 bushels (as computed in Topeka — possibly 10,000 bushels would be nearer the truth). Fur- thermore many of the less prosperous farmers were short on funds, and the financial circumstances of the more fortunate was not satisfactory. At this time the state committee of the Council of Defense offered a proposition to furnish seed to farmers for one-fifth of the crop delivered at the nearest elevator. The farmers were to pay twenty per cent of the cost of the seed, which twenty per cent was to be returned to them when the wheat was sold. With this hope before them the committee organized the county for a "biggest wheat acreage" campaign, operating with a finance committee on which were representatives of all the banks in the f*ounty and a wh^^at distributing committee on which were representa- tives of all the elevators, while still other committees were organized from representative business men and farmers in many localities. However, when the county was fully organized and the local work of providing the twenty per cent had been completed, it was discovered that the State Council of Defense could not raise sufficient money to furnish the seed wheat. So the proposition was dropped, although later about 3.000 bushels of wheat was distributed on this plan. But local banks and business men came to the rescue and somehow seed was secured by the elevators, money was found to pay for it, and almost 200,000 acres of wheat was planted in the fall of 1917. But nature seemed to have something against the community, and the winter of 1917-'18 proved almost as disastrous as that of the previous year, and with the spring it was found that 130,000 acres had winterkilled. This left about 220,000 acres for spring crops, or to be left vacant until fall. The committee investigated and found that there were less than 15,000 bushels of seed corn in the county and very little other good seed of any kind. Also the drain upon the available laborers, both to the army and navy and to industrial work in more prosperous communities, had begun to be noticed. However, a county-wide campaign was made on the basis that "the nation must be fed," and somehow seed was secured for all, money was found for many who had lost all they had during the previous failures, and the records show that almost 110,000 acres of corn was planted, over 45,000 acres of small grains, and almost 60,000 acres of feed crops, mostly sorghums, which was three times the usual feed acreage. There was only a very small acreage which was not planted to some spring crop. The season of 1918 was almost as disastrous to crop production as that of 1917, and the 70,000 acres of wheat which was considered as cut History of Kansas Council of Defense. 121 was only figured at Topeka as making seven bushels to the acre, while the corn crop was considered as making four bushels. However, all feeds were scarce, although perhaps not so much so as the previous year. The stock in the county had been greatly reduced in numbers during these two seasons of failures, hogs in particular being reduced from 15,000 to 4,000 head. In this way the feed was made to go further, but even then many farmers had to send their stock out of the county to be wintered. The fall of 1918 found sufficient wheat seed in the county, but the financial condition of many was such that they could not buy it. The committee, working with other committees in this and other counties, urged Federal aid to farmers; and when the news of the government's proposition reached Rooks county the old organization was reestablished, and a campaign for a big acreage made, with the result that again 200,000 acres of wheat was planted. Also several thousand acres of rye was put in for good measure. And then in November, 1918, the war ended. Rooks county had not furnished grain to aid in winning the war, but her record of planting one-half to two-thirds of her acreage to two crops each year, and losing all for two full years, should be considered by those in more favorable portions of the state as an example of the patriotism of the farmers of western Kansas. They could not make their crops grow, but they could and did do all that humans could do. Considering these circumstances Rooks county feels that it can be proud of its increased agricultural production drives. THE RED CROSS. The Rooks County Red Cross was organized on June 23, 1917, at Stockton, the county seat. Mrs. Harry Butler was the first county chair- man, Mrs. Ruby Sweet was vice chairman, Miss Franc Chipman was secretary, and Mrs. P. M. Reeves was treasurer. All regular committees were organized and work commenced at once. Mr. H. A. Butler had charge of the home-service work. As the first war fund drive was over the county made no campaign, but instead made a drive for memberships, the same to be good until January, 1918. On July 4, 1917, the local chapter conducted a general tag-day celebration, and in one day secured over 500 new members at Stockton alone. * Branches were immediately established, on the assumption that the entire county was to form one chapter, under the name of The Rooks County Chapter of the Red Cross. Local campaigns and contributions for materials came in rapidly, and much work was completed in a short time. On September 20, 1917, the first draft boys left Stockton, and the chapter gave a supper and entertainment in their honor. On January 2, 1918, authority came from headquarters to divide the county into two chapters, one having headquarters at Stockton and the other at Plainville. The county was then divided equitably to the satis- faction of all, and the chapter at Plainville began work with Mrs. B. B. McReynolds, of Plainville, as chairman. On the same day the Junior Red Cross was organized as the Stockton chapter, with Miss Kate Gerken as chairman. However, Miss Gerken did not serve, and later Miss Elizabeth Cooper was made chairman. The other Junior officer named was Archie Lukins, who was soon replaced by J. B. Riseley. The Christmas roll call was made a big success in both chapters; almost every family in the county was enrolled, with at least one mem- bership. Refugee work was added in February, and during the same month many auxiliaries were organized, so that each community might have an active working unit. In March Mrs. Butler resigned as chairman, and Vice Chairman Ruby Sweet was made chairman. Mrs. S. S. Smith became vice chairman. In April regular offices were established to care for the rapidly increasing work. 122 History of Kansas Council of Defense. May 16, 1918, was set aside at Stockton as Red Cross day, and a gen- eral celebration with aution sales was had. Several hundred dollars was raised for the work. A severe tornado struck Codell, in this county, in April, killing several people and destroying most of the town. The local Red Cross chapters of the county did all that could be done to aid the unfortunates. May 24, 1918, was made the big day for the second war fund drive. Community dinners were given, and a common white duck was placed on sale, with Travis, of Plainville, as auctioneer. How many times the duck was sold is not reported, but the total sale price of the duck was over $1,300. The Stockton chapter raised $6,750, while the Plainville chapter raised over $6,000 for the war work. Other sales were held at various times, raising several hundred dollars for the chapter, while all the branches and auxiliaries had sales and entertainments of all kinds to. keep up interest in the work and to provide the necessary money for materials. In the fall of 1918 the state headquarters suggested that all of Rooks county should make one chapter, and with this suggestion in view ar- rangements were made to unify under the name of Rooks County Chap- ter. At the time the union was suggested all the schools in the Stockton chapter but four had organized Junior Red Cross units, and most of the units were hard at work. The Plainville chapter had made no attempt to organize the junior work. Early in November, just before the armistice, united meetings were held to perfect a county chapter, and by a vote of 26 to 10 it was agreed that the chapter headquarters should be at the county seat. An election was held, but the entire executive committee was chosen from the Plain- ville chapter as a protest to the union idea. The state officers thereupon, seeing that local elements could not successfully cooperate, dissolved the county unit and reestablished the two chapters. During this general misunderstanding, however, both chapters worked at top speed, and produced their full quota of every description, and raised money by various and novel methods. The Christmas roll call of 1918 was celebrated in both chapters with success, almost every family again contributing to the membership fund. The officers for 1919 for the Stockton chapter were Mrs. H. C. Sweet, chairman; Mrs. Dr. Colby, vice chairman; Miss Flo Jackson, treasurer, and Mrs. Olmer Adams, secretary. The Plainville chapter continued substantially its old officers. As the war was over most of the work gradually was discontinued, and the chapters put on a peace basis. The community, however, is continuing its two local chapters in case of future emergencies. A member of the Stockton chapter, Mrs. Chill Neal, had perhaps the best record as a knitter of any woman in the state. She received the 3-bar badge of honor. Mrs. H. C. Sweet, chairman during the latter part of the war, also re- ceived the 3-bar badge as a recognition of the work she gave to the success of the Red Cross. VARIOUS DRIVES. The Y. M. C. A. drive in 1917 was celebrated in Rooks county, and the county, although the quota was but $1,250 raised $2,550 for the work. The officers of the drive were: O. O. Osborne, of Stockton, chairman; Chas. Coolbaugh, of Stockton, treasurer; W. B. Ham, captain of North side, and Earl Gillispie, captain of the South side. A Knights of Columbus drive was made in the south side of the county, raising several hundred dollars for their work. No Salvation Army drive was made during the war. Other organizations received contributions, but did not make county-wide drives. The United War Work drive was a success in Rooks county. The same officers who made the Y. M. C. A. drive go also handled this campaign, which secured $12,000 in the county. History of Kansas Council of Defense. 123 BOND DRIVES. Although the county was hard run in money matters, due to a row of crop failures, no excuses were accepted when the bond drives were made, and under the chairmanship of Earl Gillispie, of Plainville, the county either equalled or approximated its quota in every drive, although the quotas were usually much higher than government ofRcials would have made them had they known the exact local conditions. GUARDS. The Rooks County Home Guards were organized at Stockton on Sep- tember 7, 1917, with J. Q. Adams as president; J. C. Foster, vice presi- dent; Dr. E. E. White, surgeon; I. L. Perkins, secretary; and Chas. Rise- ley, treasurer. The original members numbered 102, several being as old as 70 and 74 years, while the youngest was scarce 16. R. C. Johnson was appointed marshal of the company. The organization continued active until the State Guards were organized, in April, 1918. The members bought uniforms and drilled faithfully. On April 23, 1918, in accord with orders from the state adjutant gen- eral, the Home Guards became Company A of the Twenty-second battal- ion of State Guards. Later, in May, 1918, Company B was also organized at Stockton, giving two companies of about a hundred men each at the county seat. Company C was organized at Plainville, and Company D at Woodston. These units drilled faithfully, and encouraged all young men of mili- tary age to enlist before they were called into service, so that they might know a few of the fundamentals before entering the "mill." On several occasions the entire county had battalion drill at first one town and then another, with all four companies represented. The two Stockton companies purchased President Wilson's picture at a Red Cross sale for $260, as a gift to the Red Cross, donating the picture to the Stockton public library. At the Rooks county fair the battalion gave a three-day encampment, and entered a contest for the best drilled team. Ten companies competed, the four Rooks county teams, Portis, Alton, Wa Keeney, Hays City, Logan and Kirwin. Alton won the banner and Kirwin won second place in the contest, which was judged by Major Max Anderson and Adjutant General Huffman. A National Guard unit was recruited to the number of 46 men, but as it was not desired by the government it was later mustered out. FOOD ADMINISTRATION. H. C. Sweet, of Stockton, was food administrator of Rooks county. He built up an organization covering the larger towns of the county, and successfully enforced all orders of the food administration with the mini- mum of friction, and without any prosecutions. FUEL ADMINISTRATOR. Chas. Riseley, of Stockton, was fuel administrator of Rooks county, and handled the fuel orders so that they were obeyed, yet without caus- ing friction or bitter feelings against the government. PREWAR ACTIVITY. At the time the news came that Belgium was starving the citizens of Rooks county raised several thousand dollars and sent two carloads of flour from Rooks county to the Belgium Relief Commission. Most of the men who aided in this prewar work later gave their fullest cooperation to the war activities above mentioned, so it is unnecessary to name them again. This campaign was especially successful in that it definitely established sentiment in the county so that later there was no trouble in suppressing slackers, and it was not necessary to take any artificial measures to promote patriotism. The people were whole-hearted with the war, and gladly gave to the cause both their sons and their money. 124 History of Kansas Council of Defense, RUSH COUNTY. County Chairman. — Frank U, Russell, Hutchinson; James H. Little, Hutchinson. County Legal Advisory Comnvlttee. — W. H. Russell, chairman, La Crosse; H. L. Anderson, La Crosse; J. W. McCormick, La Crosse; Frank U. Russell, La Crosse; J. E. Andrews, La Crosse. The war activities of Rush county, as reported by F. U. Russell, follows : Rush county is largely populated with residents of foreign birth or blood, and it was with regret that a large number of them found war the inevitable issue. However, by patriotic effort on the part of many much was done, and in the end Rush county was not behind others in her work for American protection and vindication. LIBERTY LOANS. The first and second Liberty loan drives were not thoroughly success- ful, due to a lingering apathy toward war work on the part of many, due to a failure to realize the full necessity of it. The third loan and fourth loan were well taken care of, and the Vic- tory loan as well. Mr. Howard Baker, who was county Liberty loan chairman for these later drives, gave himself to the work without stint, sacrificing business interests and activities and time to make the county's work successful. He was loyally supported by many willing workers, and Rush county went over the top. AMERICAN RED CROSS. The county history of the American Red Cross was one that reflected credit on all the citizenship of the county. The first organization of the work was in the spring of 1917, when a county chapter was formed. From that time forward every call of a divisional or national head- quarters was answered. Frank U. Russell, mayor of La Crosse, who called the first meeting for preliminary organization, became later an executive worker and Red Cross captain in France and Belgium. H. W. Grass, who was for the greater part of the war time at the head of the Red Cross drives, is a successful banker of La Crosse, and he gave all the talent, energy and organizing ability that had made his own business successful to putting over this humanitarian work. James H. Little, W. H. Russell and others also were very active and efficient in pushing the drives. Y. M. C. A. AND OTHER SIMII,AR WAR WORK. W. A. Hayes was the Y. M. C. A. leader for most of their work and all the drives for that organization were successful, due very largely to his talent and tact and ability in enlisting the interest and aid of others over the county. The Allied War Work drive received strong support also throughout the county. WOMEN'S WAR WORK. Under the leadership of Mrs. Louise Bellport, Mrs. Grace Arnold, MiTs. H. L. Anderson, and Mrs. Florence Bunn, and many others, the women's work of the Red Cross and other organizations was pushed with unremitting energy, and a vast amount of work to help soldiers was ac- complished. COUNTY DEFENSE COUNCIL. Frank U. Russell was chaii-man of the County Defense Council until in 1918 he resigned to go overseas. The work of this organization was mostly inconspicuous, and such as tended to strengthen other organiza- tions' work. Once Mr. Russell, who was also prosecuting attorney at History of Kansas Council of Defense. *125 the time, had a socialist orator put in the county jail for opposing the operation of the draft law, and afterward when the same agitator came back a second time the city of La Crosse incarcerated him for the same offense. Later another agitator who was making the smaller towns and schoolhouses was given the same medicine until he promised to be loyal and quit the state. James H. Little took the County Defense Council work after Mr. Russell's resignation, and carried it forward very effectively until the end of the war. THE ADVISORY BOARD. W. H. Russell, as chairman of the advisory board gave many weeks to helping soldiers and prospective soldiers with their difficulties in rela- tion to questionnaires, etc., as did also most of the other attorneys of the county. THE LOCAL BOARD. L. H. Robertson and E. A. Kirkpatrick, assisted at different times by Doctors Baker, Attwood and Bryan, did a strenuous and self-sacrificing work. Theirs was the most unpleasant and responsible duty of all. They incurred the displeasure of many and the praise of few during the heavy hours of their work, but the people as a whole now appreciate their work at its true worth, realize their absolute honesty and their wisdom, and know what a debt of gratitude is due them for the days and nights of unrequited toil these men gave for their country's sake. Never were there truer, nobler hearted and more helpful men than they in local patriotic work. No man who went to the front showed any finer loyalty and self-sacrifice than did these men. LAST AND MOST OF IMPORTANCE. Rush county sent many volunteer soldiers to the front as well as giving her proper quota in all the calls. Eleven of her men died in the war, and many were wounded or injured in health. In the great cause in which so much was due the people of this county did their part all along the line, but the part of the soldier was the most dangerous, the most necessary, and the most to be applauded now, and such remains the disposition of our people. RUSSELL COUNTY. County Chairman. — H. M. Laing, Russell. County Legal Advisory Committee. — L. B. Beardsley, chairman, Rus- sell; G. W. Holland, Russell; J. G. Vogelgesang, Russell; H, M. Laing, Russell; Mrs. D. W. Gower, Russell. The excellent work done in Russell county is given in the following report from the chairman: "Immediately upon being delegated to assume charge of this organiza- tion we called in about forty representative men, from as many locali- ties in this county, and organized by electing a secretary and delegating twenty men from the various sections of the county to act as vice chair- men, whose duty it was to look after such activities as might come under the supervision of the Council of Defense; also to see to it that all avail- able land was put into crops and to assist farmers in locating seed and labor to do this; also to report any suspected lawless character and any destruction of property in his locality. We think much good was ac- complished by this organization." Fuel Administration. — A man was delegated (who was not a dealer) inl each town to look after that feature, each of whom we were in close touch with at all times; dealers' profits must not exceed pre-war period. Fuel was conserved, yet there was no suffering because of any shortage of it. 126. History of Kansas Council of Defense. U. S. War Camp Activities. — Each bank in the county was delegated as custodian of supplies; suggesting that they report directly to district chairman. This plan was accepted by him, and we have no report of amount remitted. U. S. Public Service Reserve. — Several men were sent to ship-building cantonments, and a labor bureau was organized, with headquarters at Russell, with deputies residing in various sections of the county, dele- gated to assist vice chairmen of the Council of Defense in their locality in rendering any possible service relative to local labor. The first two drives there was no organized force at work, conse- quently no record at hand of the amount sold in the county. There are twelve banks in the county and we think they were all doing business. First Liberty loan drive, two Russell banks $18,850 Second Liberty loan drive, two Russell banks ill, 350 Third Liberty loan drive, Russell county 293,800 Fourth Liberty loan drive, Russell county. ...•••• 396,800 Fifth or Victory loan drive, Russell county 241,250 Total loan drives, Russell county, ten banks not reporting and not called for, $1,062,050 United War Worlc or Seven-in-One Drive. United war work $23,196.00 War saving stamps 251,000 . 00 Salvation Army 1,996 . 26 Total $276,192.26 State Guards. — A good Home Guard organization developed into an organization of State Guards, with a membership in the county of a little over 400. Many men and women throughout the county deserve much credit for devoting time and energy that the one purpose might be accomplished. They realized that it was everybody's war, and were ready to perform any duty to the extent of their ability. The Council of Defense as an organization did not have charge of or take part in the various drives, except when asked to suggest suitable persons to assume that duty. All "drives" known to us or heard of by us were presented and "put over the top" by those having them in charge, assisted by the cooperation of the people generally. We are not in possession of data that will enable us to report in detail the methods used in these drives, but know that they were very similar to those of the Council of Defense herein contained. Red Cross, 1917-'19. Officers. — E. U. Carter, chairman; J. M. Mahoney, vice chairman; Mrs. F. S. Hawes, secretary; Chas. E. Hall, treasurer. Standing Committee Chairmen. — A. A. Roth, Finance; Mrs. L. Banker, Production; S. S. Miller, Membership; Mrs. D. W. Gower, Home Service; Mrs. F. R. Culbertson, Publicity; Mrs. S. S. Miller, Nursing Service; Caleb A. Bodmer, Junior Membership; D. E. McKean, Military Relief; Leland P. Clarke, Conservation. Branch Chairman. — Bunker Hill, H. F. Briggs; Dorrance, Mrs. J. J. Weber; Gorham, Mrs. J. E. Baxter; Lucas, Mrs. J. Walmer; Luray, Mrs. W. B. Daniels; Pioneer, Thos, Carter; Waldo, Mrs. Frank Meeker; Paradise, Mrs. Cyrus Henry. First war drive $13,463 . 20 Second war drive : 15,036 . 04 Membership drive 6,602 . 00 Contributions to Russell county chapter 18,961 . 13 Total, Russell county $54,062 . 37 History of Kansas Council of Defense. 127 Red Gross Production Department. Total amount of work done by Russell chapter, American Red Cross : Surgical dressings 39,830 Hospital and refugee garments 3,487 Knitted articles 1,213 Property bags, comfort kits 242 Bedside tables (Junior work) 26 Other articles Junior work not available. Cooperation of women and girls was the custom in this department. SALINE COUNTY. County Chairman. — F. D. Blundon, Salina. Legal Advisory Committee. — Thomas L. Bond, chairman, Salina; Z. C. Milliken, Salina; C. W. Burch, Salina; F. D. Blundon, Salina; Mrs. Min- nie Steifel, Salina, The original members of the Salina Council were: C. W. Burch, chairman; John J. Eberhardt, vice chairman; C. I. Vessey, treasurer; T. S. Jamison, secretary; Judge F. D. Blundon, F. C. Bulkley, E. R. Erickson, George M. Hull, Judge B. A. Mason, Dr. E. R. Cheney, C. F. McAdams, Carl T. Johnson, J. P. Burns, John Bell, Joe Lockard, James S. Martin; August Anderson. To these were added many other names as subchairmen of the various precincts, wards and townships, who responded willingly to all calls made upon them. There was probably not a county in the state that more conscientiously and efficiently, by its war work, backed up one of the best bunches of soldiers that ever shouldered guns. The following from a letter from the vice chairman gives a good re- port for Saline county: "We went 'over the top,' splashingly, in every single drive carried on during the war. We influenced capable and influential men to oversee food conservation, increased agricultural production, promotion of pa- triotism, suppression of slackers, etc., and I can personally vouch for one- hundred-per-cent efficiency, so far as actual results were concerned. "We instructed our local Red Cross workers to work just as con- stantly and vigorously as possible regardless of funds available, in the promise to influence citizens to assume the added obligation during sub- sequent drives. For example, our last Red Cross quota was $27,000 and we had incurred about $18,000 in debts, hence announced our quota as $50,000, but the vigilance committee so impressively interviewed certain 'tightwads' that when the final figures were announced we had in actual pledges something over $90,000. "Our last Liberty bond drive exceeded $1,300,000, and the United War Work campaign, with an increased quota, because of failure in crops in western Kansas, amounted to $60,000. We received in pledges a little over $15,000 in excess of the amount asked, but this was accepted and solicited with the understanding that the excess was to be used for other commendable activities, such as welfare Jewish relief, Y. M. C. A., etc. I might add in passing that our last three campaigns were conducted along volunteer lines where citizens came to booths on our main street corners and pledged the entire quota in one or two days." SCOTT COUNTY. County Chairtnan. — H. A. Russell, Scott City. County Legal Advisory Committee. — R. D. Armstrong, chairman, Scott; C. M. Starr, Scott; Leo T. Gibbens, Scott; H. A. Russell, Scott; Mrs. Lillian M. CoflSn, Scott. SEDGWICK COUNTY. County Chairman. — L. H. Powell, Wichita. County Legal Advisory Committee. — D. M. Dale, chairman, Wichita; Henry C. Sluss, Wichita; Kos Harris, Wichita; L. H. Powell, Wichita; Mrs. J. O. Davidson, Wichita. 128 History of Kansas Council of Defense. SEWARD COUNTY. County Chairman. — Ray Millman, Liberal. County Legal Advisory Committee. — V. H. Grinstead, chairman, Lib- eral; Clyde R. Commons, Liberal; G. W. Sawyer, Liberal; Ray Milliman, Liberal; H. A. Gaskill, Liberal. In Seward county the work of the County Council of Defense was in cooperation with the Chamber of Commerce, which effectively assisted in most of the war activities. The chairman reports that he could write many columns about the work done by his county, but sums it up in the following statement: "I may say generally that v^th the exception of the food and fuel administration work, the rest of the war work was 'carried on' by the Chamber of Commerce, which paid all the expenses of the Liberty loans, the war savings and the Red Cross drives. The chairmen for the Liberty loans and the war savings was C. E. Woods, and the Red Cross drives was Chas. Summers. The secretary for all the drives and the adminis- trator for the food and fuel was Ray Millman. "From the Council of Defense there was created a committee in sup- port of the Chamber of Commerce committee in making the different" drives, and the evidences of slackerism was investigated and subdued by that committee, and there was some work to be done. Three cases were cited to the Federal authorities. "We always went over the top with some to spare in the Liberty loan drives, and more than doubled the Red Cross drive the last time. "In the food administration there were several fines imposed, and a reputation gained in making the conservation about air tight. "The women's committee under Mrs. Osa Nichols and Mrs. O. M. Woods, for the Liberty loan and conservation work did much for the suc- cess of the drives. Also, Mrs. W. E. Wilson, who made the first organiza- tion that was placed in the county for the women. "There were two organizations for guards, the state Home Guards and the National unit. The Home Guard is now past history; was mus- tered out recently. The National Guards are fully equipped, and is known as Company E, K. N. G. "The farmers generally obeyed the injunction to increase the acreage. Seward county did its part, and is as yet willing to keep up the lick. The local Red Cross chapter is up to the minute in its work." SHAWNEE COUNTY. County Chairman. — H. W. McAfee, Topeka. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Thomas F. Doran, chairman, Topeka; E. S. Quinton, Topeka; Clay Hamilton, Topeka; Fred Voiland, Topeka; Mrs. Horace L. Hall, Topeka. SHERIDAN COUNTY. County Chairman. — Charles H. Beers, Hoxie. County Legal Advisory Committee. — W. H. Clark, chairman, Hoxie; W. F. Schultheis, Hoxie; F. A. Sloan, Hoxie; Charles H. Beers, Hoxie; Rev. E. L. Humphrey, Hoxie. SHERMAN COUNTY. County Chairman. — C. M. Millisach, Goodland. Members. — A. D. Stewart, C. J. Shimeal, J. J. Knight, Wm. Walker, jr., E. E. Hartwell, W. J. Detwiler, W. A. Sexson. County Legal Advisory Committee. — E. F. Murphy, chairman. Good- land; John Hartzler, Goodland; C. C. Perdieu, Goodland; C. N. Millisach, Goodland ; Rev. V. M. Beebe, Goodland. History of Kansas Council of Defense. 129 To report of the war work in Sherman county briefly I will state that every move and every drive in war work in Sherman county was an over- the-top success. The Red Cross drive, Y. M. C. A. drives, Salvation Army drive, Knights of Columbus drives all went enthusiastically over the top. Sherman county also will show a large increase in the production of all kinds of food products, including cattle and hogs. All Liberty loan drives went over 100 per cent; also the Victory loan. As evidence that patriotism was a strong factor in Sherman county there never was during the war but one or two slackers showed their heads. SMITH COUNTY. County Chairman. — A. C. Coolidge, Smith Center. County Legal Advisory Committee — I. M. Mahin, chairman, Smith Center; A. W. Relihan, Smith Center; L. C. Uhl, jr., Smith Center; A. C. Coolidge, Smith Center; Dr. F. H. Relihan, Smith Center. STAFFORD COUNTY. County Chairm,an. — Frank S. Larabee, Stafford. - County Legal Advisory Committee. — Paul R. Nagle, chairman, St. John; Ray H. Beals, St. John; Wm. Dixon, St. John; Frank S. Larabee, Stafford; Mrs. David Jackson, St. John. STANTON COUNTY. Cotinty Chairman. — John Plummer, Johnson. County Legal Advisory Committee. — C. A. Gillum, chairman, Fisher; R. J. Shulter, Johnson; Chas. Van Meter, Johnson; John Plummer, John- son; R. J. Shutter, Johnson. STEVENS COUNTY. County Chairman. — C. F. Bell, Hugoton. County Legal Advisory Committee. — C. T. Parker, chairman, Hugoton; W. S. Bayless, Hugoton; John Kelly, Hugoton; C. F. Bell, Hugoton; J. s'. Stout, Hugoton. SUMNER COUNTY. County Chairman. — T. A. Hubbard, Wellington. County Legal Advisory Committee. — W. T. McBride, chairman, Wel- lington; James Lawrence, Wellington; Ed T. Hackney, Wellington; T. A. Hubbard, Wellington; Mrs. Fred Garland, Wellington. On account of illness of the chairman the report from Sumner county was delayed. This county as well as all the other counties did its part in the various war activities that were assigned to it. THOMAS COUNTY. County Chairman. — James Fitzgerald, Colby. County Legal Advisory Committee. — E. H. Benson, chairman, Colby; Asa M. Smith, Colby; V. L. C. Smith, Colby; James Fitzgerald, Colbv' D. H. Passell, Colby. TREGO COUNTY. County Chairman. — W. C. P. Rhoades, Wa Keeney. " County Legal Advisory Committee. — L T. Purcell, chairman, Wa- Keeney; S. M. Hutzell, Wa Keeney; Herman Long, Wa Keeney; W. C. P. Rhoades, Wa Keeney; John R. Parsons, Wa Keeney. 9 — C. Def. — 5487 130 History of Kansas Council of Defense. WABAUNSEE COUNTY. County Chairman. — A. S. Allendorph, Alma. County Le^al Advisory Connmittee. — Wm. Bowes, chairman, Alma; J. R. Moreland, Eskridge; C. B. Henderson, Alma; A. S. Allendorph, Alma. WALLACE COUNTY. County Chairman. — George E. Ward, Sharon Springs. County Legal Advisory Committee. — D. R. Beckstrom, chairman,, Sharon Springs; Clyde King, Sharon Springs; George Cox, Sharon Springs; George E. Ward, Sharon Springs. WASHINGTON COUNTY. County Chairman. — J. C. Goody, Washington. County Legal Advisory Committee. — Edgar Bennett, chairman, Wash- ington; S. H. Hamilton, Washington; J. R. Hyland, Washington; J. C. Goody, Washington; F. C. Baldwin, Washington. , WICHITA COUNTY. County Chairman. — C. S. Heath, Leoti. County Legal Advisory Committee. — W. C. Dickey, chairman, Leoti; E. E. Denning, Leoti; Frank Campbell, Leoti; Clyde Freeland, Leoti. WILSON COUNTY. County Chairman. — E. D. Mikesell, Fredonia; D. E. LaDow. County Legal Advisory Ccmmittee. — E. D. Mikesell, chairman, Fre- donia; P. C. Young, Fredonia; J. T. Cooper, Fredonia; C. W. Shinn, Neodesha; Mrs. J. C. McDonald, Neodesha. WOODSON COUNTY. County Chairman. — Mrs. R. H. Trueblood, Yates Center. County Legal Advisory Committee. — G. H. Lamb, chairman, Yates Center; S, C. Holmes, Yates Center; S. C. Holcomb, Yates Center; Mrs. R. R. Trueblood, Yates Center; Miss Vinnie Ream, Yates Center. WYANDOTTE COUNTY. County Chairman. — H. H. Daniels, 514 Kansas avenue, Kansas City. County Legal Advisory ComTruittee. — A. L. Berger, chairman, Kansas City; Maurice L. Alden, Kansas City; O. L. Miller, Kansas City; Wm. E. Bomhart, Kansas City; Miss Tarlton Bellis, Kansas City. WOMAN'S COUNCIL OF DEFENSE FOR KANSAS. REPORT OF THE WOMAN'S COMMITTEE, NATIONAL COUNCIL OF DEFENSE, KANSAS DIVISION, TO THE STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE, KANSAS DIVISION. Mrs. D. W. Mulvane, Chairman. On behalf of the Woman's Committee, National Council of Defense, I wish to report the following activities : Our first work since the last meeting was in connection with the Liberty loan. In that campaign two-thirds of our county chairmen acted as county chairmen for the Woman's Liberty Loan committee, and it is estimated that the Woman's Liberty Loan committee sold $12,000,000 worth of bonds. In May our committee assisted in the second Red Cross war fund campaign in many counties, making a house to house canvass. In many counties the woman's committee has helped and is helping in the war savings stamp campaign. Our Child Welfare department has been carrying on the Children's Year campaign of the Federal government. This is an effort to save the lives of 100,000 babies in the United States this year who otherwise would be needlessly sacrificed. Child welfare chairmen have been appointed in forty-three counties and cities, and the extensive plans of the government through the Chil- dren's Bureau are being worked out in these counties. Just as rapidly as possible this work will be extended over the rest of the state. The government campaign has been coordinated with the plkns of the State Board of Health and the U. S. Public Health Service, thus making the Kansas plans for the care of children very extensive and compre- hensive, and also promising of great returns. The Committee on Women in Industry, cooperating with the Industrial Welfare Commission, is giving especial attention to women in industry and their relations to the war. The committee is urging protection for women in industry, not only to safeguard the labor supply, but to con- serve the nation's human resources. The work of this committee is mainly educative. It is teaching that exploited womanhood does not make for labor strength. This committee suggested to the Industrial Welfare Commission the idea of a state war board to make recommendations as other boards have for women in industry, but in making these recommendations to have for its first consideration the winning of the war. The Committee on Women in Industry is campaigning for retail store conservation, and is urging the placing of a limit of ten hours a day upon all stores in general where the public is accommodated, urging that (131) 132 History of Kansas Council of Defense. this reduction in the excessive hours of labor in stores in general would not only reduce the high cost of doing business, and thus tend to reduce prices, but that it would conserve a vast amount of light and fuel during the coming winter. I have resolutions from this committee to present for your considera- tion. They read as follows: "Whereas, The shorter work day has been legislated for women in many of the states of our Union ; and "Whereas, The public is being educated to the idea of the early closing of stores in the larger cities as a result of such legislation ; and "Whereas, The smaller towns of the state still hold to the old estab- lished custom of closing the stores when the customers become scarce in number ; and "Whereas, We are satisfied that this custom renders it impossible to obtain efficient clerical force without the payment of additional wages; that this involves a higher overhead expense, and a resultant high price for articles sold; and , "Whereas, Furthermore, we believe that stores which are open for business twelve or fourteen hours a day are giving the public an exces- sive and totally unnecessary service, and are as great an avenue of waste as the excessive delivery system against which the government has been contending; and "Whereas, We believe that a reduction in the excessive hours of labor in stores in general would not only tend to reduce the high cost of doing business, and thus tend to reduce prices, but it would undoubtedly result during the coming winter in an immense saving in light and fuel ; there- fore, be it "Resolved, That we, the Committee on Women in Industry, Council of Defense, Kansas Division, Woman's Committee, do heartily indorse the movement which has already been suggested as a war measure, placing a limit of ten hours a day, not only upon grocery stores and other stores selling articles of food, but upon all stores in general where the public is accomgiodated. Linn A E. Bresette, Chairman, Mrs. C. J. Evans, Mrs. Margaret Grandle, Miss Mary Hickman, Miss Pearl Leighty, Miss Florence Warner, Laura French, Committee on Wom,en in Industry." Mrs. Amy Walker Field says of them : "It is a relief to get this fresh view point on retail store conservation. I hope you will be able to give this resolution wide publicity." T. H. McManus, mercantile representative of the Council of Defense, state of Kansas, writes : "Wish to advise we heartily approve and indorse the movement. It has been noticed that there is no possible advantage in keeping the stores open fourteen hours per day. The customary un- reasonable store hours has been brought about by short-sighted mer- chants trying to outdo the other." W. P. Innes, Federal food administrator for Kansas, writes: "This will have special attention at a meeting we will hold at Kansas City on the 28th and 29th. There is a zonal meeting, representing five states. History of Kansas Council of Defense. 133 There will also be joint resolutions from Washington, and I will try and get indorsements to this work." Emerson Carey, state fuel administrator for Kansas, writes that "I have your resolutions under date of June 19, indorsing the shorter business hours for Kansas retail stores. This is in line with my ideas. Rest assured this movement has my sympathy." Our committee has cooperated with the extension department of the agricultural department in carrying on food demonstrations in many counties of the state. Through our educational department we have distributed Americaniza- tion cards, circulars on community centers, and the Fourth of July patri- otic program; also supplied a great many calls for the study program for clubs which are prepared by the Woman's Committee, National Coun- cil of Defense, at Washington. In cooperation with the speakers' bureau, Council of Defense, and food administration, the woman's committee are planning a campaign of women speakers, who have volunteered their services in the interest of women's war work. Heads of our departments attended many large meetings in the state, and explained to the women the work which the government has given to the woman's committee. Our committee has accomplished a great deal, but I feel that still more can be accomplished in the future if the Council of Defense organi- zations in the various counties would more generally cooperate with the county chairman of the woman's committee. I have visited a number of the committees, endeavoring to explain the work, to get into closer communication with the Woman's committee, and I intend to keep in close touch by repeated visits. Our committee very much appreciate the assistance given it by the Council of Defense through Mt. Voiland. FOOD ADMINISTRATION. Wichita, Kan., November 12, 1919. Mr. Frank W. Blackmar, Lawrence, Kan. : Dear Sir — I am in receipt of a letter from J. C. Mohler, dated Novem- ber 4, asking me for a list of county committees and general committees that were in effect during the food administration for the state of Kansas, and am enclosing a list of the food administrators of each county, with their addresses and date of service. You will notice that a good many have been relieved or new ones appointed in the place of some of the early appointees. Am also sending a list of the general officers with the state executive committees which met with me very often, getting their advice before any rules went out from my office. I have not the records of the sub- committees under these different officers, and I think it would be proper that you send a line to a few of these named in the list, asking them for their committees. For instance, Mr. Johnston, of the Speakers' Bureau, had a very complete and efficient board. Besides Mr. Johnson, I would suggest Mr. Kerr, Mr. Hall, Mr. McManus, and also Mrs. Mulvane and Mrs. VanZile. I trust this information is what you desire, and should there be any other information that I can give you I will be more than glad to send it. Our records have all been sent to Washington, but I believe that we can get any information we might desire. Very truly yours, W. P. Innes. LIST OF parties TO WHOM SERVICE CERTIFICATES ARE TO BE SENT WHEN CERTIFICATES ARE RECEIVED FROM WASHINGTON. Alex Hude, assistant food administrator, Wichita. Willis Kerr, state library director, Emporia. Otis E. Hall, director of exhibits, Manhattan. Mrs. D. W. Mulvane, director of women's work, Topeka. T. H. McManus, state merchants' representative, Newton. W. G. Hutson, chairman hotel and restaurant committee, Lawrence. W. M. G. House, chairman patriotic food show committee, Wichita. Edw. C. Johnson, chairman Speakers' Bureau, Manhattan. Mrs. Mary P. Van Zile, home economics director, Manhattan. Miss Grace Wilkie, secretary college volunteer worljprs, Fairmount, • Wichita. H. G. Seelye, supervisor sugar division, Wichita. B. O. Bowers, chief clerk, Wichita. Arthur R. Brasted, executive secretary, Wichita. M. A. Clarkson, investigation and enforcement, Winfield. Bliss Isely, educational director, Wichita. F. H. Reeves, supervisor threshing division, Wichita. Adelbert W. Smith, supervisor baking division, Wichita. STATE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. (All from Wichita.) Howard V. Wheeler. Benjamine F. Copley. Thomas P. Kelso. R. 0. McCormack. Harry F. Fox. Fred W. Dold. George M. Brown. Frank A. Russell. Lon H. Powell. C. A. Noll. Chas. P. Mueller. Brayton Campbell. Dwight V. Oxley. Paul B. Sutoricus. Chas. W. Southward. John B. House. M. Elmer Garrison. W. Fithian Lilleston, attorney for Kansas. (134) History of Kansas Council of Defense. 135 KANSAS COUNTY FOOD ADMINISTRATORS. Name, County, Address, and Service. G. S. Hitter, Allen, Tola, January 30, 1918, to date. J. W. Bronston, Anderson, Garnett, Feb. 9, 1918, to date. H. B. Mize, Atchison, Atchison, April 11, 1918, to date. Sheffield Ingalls, Atchison, Atchison, Oct. 5, 1917, to April 11, 1918. T. L. Lindley, Barber, Medicine Lodge, Oct. 27, 1917, to date. O. W. Dawson, Barton, Great Bend, Aug. 1, 1917, to date. A. M. Keene, Bourbon, Fort Scott, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. Peter Berney, Brown, Horton, Jan. 29, 1918, to date. W. B. Archer, Brown, Hiawatha, Oct. 5, 1917, to Jan. 29, 1918. H. I. French, Butler, El Dorado, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. Katherine Montgomery, Chase, Cottonwood Falls, Oct. 5, 1917, to April 17, 1918. Albert Rogler, Chase, Cottonwood Falls, April 17, 1918, to date. Lee C. Garrett, Chautauqua, Sedan, Nov. 1, 1917, to date. H. A. La Rue, Cherokee, Columbus, Dec. 15, 1917, to date. L. E. Harrison, Cheyenne, St. Francis, Feb. 6, 1918, to date. E. E. Kite, Cheyenne, St. Francis, Oct. 5, 1917, to Feb. 6, 1918. H. R. Daigh, Clark, Ashland, Oct. 20, 1917, to date. F. W. Parrott, Clay, Clay Center, Jan. 28, 1918, to date. F. H. Myers, Clay, Clay Center, Oct. 5, 1917, to Jan. 28, 1918. W. A. Baylor, Cloud, Concordia, Nov. 1, 1917, to Sept. 13, 1918. T. A. Sawhill, Cloud, Concordia, Sept. 13, 1918, to date. C. T. Sherwood, Coffey, Burlington, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. Chas. E. Allderdice, Comanche, Coldwater, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. H. M. Grandle, Crawford, Pittsburg, Feb. 19, 1918, to date. F. A. Curnow, Crawford, Pittsburg, Oct. 5, 1917, to Feb. 19, 1918. H. Q. Banta, Decatur, Oberlin, Oct. 25, 1917, to date. 0. A. Case, Dickinson, Abilene, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. E. S. Leland, Doniphan, Troy, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. Clarence S. Hall, Douglas, Lawrence, Oct. 8, 1917, to date. G. E. Wilson, Edwards, Kinslej', Feb. 5, 1918, to date. W. T. Wilson, Edwards, Kinsley, Feb. 5, 1918, to date. A. J. Kearns, Elk, Howard, Jan. 28, 1918, to date. H. A. Gillmore, Elk, Howard, Oct. 5, 1917, to Jan. 28, 1918. John S. Bird, Ellis, Hays, Jan. 28, 1918, to date. E. A. Rea, Ellis, Hays, Oct. 5, 1917, to Jan. 28, 1918. C. L. Danner, Ellsworth, Wilson, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. F. A. Gillespie, Finney, Garden City, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. L. J. Pettijohn, Ford, Dodge City, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. O. O. Wolf, Franklin, Ottawa, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. James Houghton, Geary, Junction City, March 13, 1918, to date. John Endacott, Geary, Junction City, Oct. 5, 1917, to March 13, 1918. A. K. Trimmer, Gove, Gove, Oct. 18, 1917, to date. E E. Mullaney, Graham, Hill City, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. H. W. Earlougher, Grant, New Ulysses, Oct. 1, 1917, to date. Mrs. Ethel Avery, Gray, Cimarron, Aug. 1, 1917, to date. A. N. Rochester, Greeley, Tribune, Oct. 15, 1917, to date. C. E. Moore, Greenwood, Eureka, Jan. 1, 1918, to date. Paul Rich, Hamilton, Syracuse, Oct. 1, 1917, to date. Robert S. McGowen, Harper, Anthony, Oct. 25, 1917, to date. J. C. Mack, Harvey, Newton, Feb. 1, 1918, to date. James S. Patrick; Haskell, Santa Fe, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. Roy Tricker, Hodgeman, Jetmore, Feb. 8, 1918, to date. De Vere Rafter, Jackson, Holton, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. F. W. Coleman, Jefferson, Oskaloosa, Jan. 5, 1918, to date. W. E. Huddleston, Jefferson, Oskaloosa, Oct. 5, 1917, to Jan. 1, 1918. R. M. Cauthorn, Jewell, Mankato, Oct. 5, 1917, to April 5, 1918. O. N. Berry, Jewell, Jewell, April 5, 1918, to May 22, 1918. L. M. Jorgenson, Jewell, Jewell, May 22, 1918, to date. F. L. House, Johnson, Olathe, March 5, 1918, to date. 136 History of Kansas Council of Defense. Name, County, Address, and Service. C. F. Pettijohn, Johnson, Olathe, Oct. 5, 1917, to March 5, 1918. G. F. Johnston, Kearny, Lakin, Nov. 1, 1917, to date. Chas. C. Calkin, Kingman, Kingman, Feb. 25, 1918, to date. W. P. Murray, Kingman, Kingman, Oct. 5, 1917, to Feb. 25, 1918. A. W. McKinley, Kiowa, Greensburg, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. O. Gossard, Labette, Oswego, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. W. V. Young, Lane, Dighton, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. Wm. S. Albright, Leavenworth, Leavenworth, Jan. 24, 1918, to date. L. H. Wulfekuhler, Leavenworth, Leavenworth, Oct. 5, 1917, to Jan. 24, 191$. E. A. McParland, Lincoln, Lincoln, Feb. 4, 1918, to date. Mrs. A. C. Johnson, Lincoln, Lincoln, Oct. 5, 1917, to Feb. 4, 1918. Clyde E. Taylor, Linn, Pleasanton, Feb. 21, 1918, to date. F. W. Pollman, Linn, La Cygne, Oct. 5, 1917, to Feb. 19, 1918. James B. Young, Logan, Oakley, Dec. 1, 1917, to date. J. F. Kenney, Lyon, Emporia, April 19, 1918, to date. John D. Graham, Lyon, Emporia, Oct. 5, 1917, to April 19, 1918. J. W. Jenkins, McPherson, McPherson, Feb. 9, 1918, to date. Homer Hoch, Marion, Marion, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. James Sullivan, Marshall, Marysville, June 20, to date. F. B. Williams, Marshall, Marysville, Jan. 7, 1918, to . R. M. Painter, Meade, Meade, Oct. 8, 1917, to date. C. F. Henson, Miami, Paola, Nov. 1, 1917, to date. Philip Louthan, Mitchell, Beloit, Jan. 20, 1918, to date. B. F. Bracken, Mitchell, Beloit, Oct. 5, 1917, to Jan. 1. 1918. J. G. Adam, Montgomery, Independence, Feb. 2, 1918, to date. Henry Torgeson, Morris, Council Grove, Feb. 5, 1918, to date. Wm. C. Washburn, Morton, Elkhart, Jan. 1, 1918, to date. Edwin Buehler, Nemaha, Seneca, Jan. 27, 1918, to date. J. D. Lewis, Nemaha, Seneca, Oct. 5, 1917, to Jan. 27, 1918. Wilbur P. Allen, Neosho, Chanute, Oct. 1, 1917, to date. H. D. Miner, Ness, Ness City, July 26, 1918, to date. Howard I. Floyd, Ness, Ness City, Dec. 1, 1917, to July 26, 1918. Frank W. Kidder, Norton, Norton, Aug. 29, 1918, to date. Mrs. C. B. Walker, Norton, Norton, Dec. 15, 1917, to Aug. 29, 1918. H. C. Sticher, Osage, Osage City, Jan. 4, 1918, to date. F. W. Gaunt, Osborne, Alton, Feb. 1, 1918, to Sept. 3, 1918. W. A. Layton, Osborne, Osborne, Sept. 3, 1918, to date. Miss Bertha Yoxall, Osborne, Osborne, Oct. 5, 1917, to Feb. 1, 1918. Earl C. Sweet, Ottawa, Minneapolis, Nov. 1, 1917, to date. H. H. Reed, Pawnee, Larned, Feb. 7, 1918, to date. E. E. Frizell, Ottawa, Larned, Oct. 5, 1917, to Feb. 7, 1918. R. Frank Stinson, Phillips, Phillipsburg, March 14, 1918, to date. W. J. Meredith, Phillips, Phillipsburg, Oct. 5, 1917, to March, 14, 1918. Geo. M. Brittman, Pottawatomie, Wamego, Oct. 1, 1917, to date. Walter Pedigo, Pratt, Pratt, April 4, 1918, to date. Thad C. Carver, Pratt, Pratt, Oct. 5, 1917, to April 4, 1918. Wm. Correll, Rawlins, Atwood, Jan. 29, 1918, to date. Will S. Thompson, Reno, Hutchinson, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. G. A. Chapin, Republic, Belleville, Jan. 29, 1918, to date. H. C. Taylor, Rice, Lyons, Dec. 30, 1917, to date. L. A. Fitz, Riley, Manhattan, July, 27, 1918, to date. E. L. Holton, Riley, Manhattan, Feb. 1, 1918, to July 27, 1918. Geo. S. Murphy, Riley, Manhattan, Oct. 5, 1917, to Jan. 19, 1918. H. C. Sweet, Rooks, Stockton, Jan. 28, 1918, to date. Henry J. Kleihege, Rush, La Crosse, Jan. 18, 1918, to date. John Mills, Russell, Russell, Jan. 18, 1918, to date. B. A. Mason, Saline, Salina, Oct. 5, 1917, to May 13, 1918. C. W. Lamer, Saline, Salina, May 13, 1918, to Sept. 7, 1918. L. C. Housel, Saline, Salina, Sept. 7, 1918, to date. U. G. Ruth, Scott, Scott City, June 11, 1918, to date. History of Kansas Council of Defense. 137 Name, County, Address, and Service. Herbert J. Mott, Scott, Scott City, Jan. 15, 1918, to June 11, 1918. J. H. Stewart, Sedgwick, Wichita, Oct. 10, 1917, to date. Ray Millman, Seward, Liberal, Oct. 1, 1917, to date. D. W. Mulvane, Shawnee, Topeka, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. C. L. Thompson, Sheridan, Hoxie, Oct. 15, 1917, to date. C. M. Millisack, Sherman, Goodland, Oct. 6, 1917, to date. H. W. Mackey, Smith, Smith Center, Jan. 15, 1918, to date. S. Schuyler, Smith, Smith Center, Oct. 5, 1917, to Jan. 15, 1918. Roy B. Mater, Stafford, St. John, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. R. J. Shetler, Stanton, Johnson, April 22, 1918, to date. Mrs. Virginia P. Hicks, Stanton, Johnson, Oct. 5, 1917, to April 22, 1918. John A. Kelley, Stevens, Hugoton, Jan. 1, 1918, to date. Jacob Engle, Sumner, Wellington, Jan. 27, 1918, to date. A. E. Bowers, Sumner, Wellington, Oct. 5, 1917, to Jan. 29, 1918. J. T. Fitzgerald, Thomas, Colby, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. G. L. Hays, Trego, Wa Keeney, March 1, 1918, to date. C. H. Benson, Trego, Wa Keeney, Oct. 5, 1917, to March 1, 1918. J. B. Fields, Wabaunsee, Alma, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. .John Ironfield, Wallace, Sharon Springs, Oct. 28, 1917, to date. R. L. Rust, Washington, Washington, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. James T. Ford, Wichita, Leoti, Dec. 15, 1917, to date. E. D. Mikesell, Wilson, Fredonia, Oct. 5, 1917, to date. C. V. Shulenberger, Woodson, Yates Center, May 16, 1918, to date. A. D. Catlin, Woodson, Yates Center, Oct. 5, 1917, to May 16, 1918. Lapier Williams, Wyandotte, Kansas City, Kan., Feb. 13, 1918, to date. n