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/ 
 
 THE SOTOKIOUS ARTICLE U POTSAJI'S MAGAZIXE, JOLY, 1869. 
 
 TOGETHER WITH THE ARTICLE 
 
 "THE UNESTABLISHED CHURCH," 
 
 (PUTNAM'S MAGAZINE, DECEMBER, 1869,) 
 
 IN WHICH IT 
 
 TRIUMPHANTLY REFUTED! 
 
 WITH AN EXPLANATORY AND EXCULPATORY PREFACE, AND SUNDRY 
 
 NOTICES OF THE CONTEMPORAEY PRESS. 
 
 
 "^^ 
 
 NEW YORK : 
 
 G.P.PUTjSTAM&SON, 4th AYENUE AND 23d STREET. 
 
 1870. 
 
1870. Publishers' Notb. 388 
 
 EDITORIAL ANNOUNCEMENT. 
 
 The Publishers of Putnam's Magazine are extremely gratified at being able to 
 announce to its readers, that 
 
 Mr. Parke Godwin, 
 
 for many years editor of the I^ew York Evening Post^ has consented to assume the 
 responsible editorship of this periodical, beginoing with the number for April. 
 
 It has hitherto, as is well known, been in the hands of the senior publisher, Mr. 
 G. P. Putnam, who finds that the increasing demands of his other engagements do 
 not allow him to devote to it that kind and degree of attention which the nature 
 of the occupation requires. He is therefore happy to relinquish the charge to one 
 who has had such an ample experience in editorial management, who is so gene- 
 rally known as a writer offeree and ability, and whise former contributions to the 
 First Series of PutnarrCs Monthly gave it a large part of its reputation, and success. 
 
 Mr. Godwin will be a?si8ted by the several gentlemen who have hitherto kindly 
 lent us their aid, and will draw around him, besides, other gentlemen of talent and 
 culture, whose cooperation, we are assured, will give a new impulse to the 
 destinies, and a new elevation to the character, of the Magazine. 
 
 Having withdrawn from all other active professional labors, in order to complete 
 his History of France, Mr. Godwin will be enabled to devote his almost undivided 
 energy and care to this new enterprise, to which we need hardly tell the public he 
 will be certain to impart additional vigor, concentration, and individuality. At 
 the same time, the Publishers hope, by the larger opportunity that they will now 
 kave of attending to its material interests, to render it more universally known, 
 and more and more worthy of popular acceptance. G. P. Putnam & Sou. 
 
 Note by Mb. Godwin. 
 
 PUTNAM'S MAGAZINE has already attained a position so secure, that it re- 
 mains for the new management to promise merely to carry forward the work so auspi- 
 ciously begun. The aim of if% proprietors from the beginning has been to make it 
 a peri dical worthy of our American literature, and particularly worthy of the great 
 metropolitan city in which it is published. Our intention is, to give a '* force, con- 
 centration, and indiTiduality," as the publishers say above, to that generous and 
 noble purpose. 
 
 American literature has reached a maturity in whi<jh it tries to speak for itself; 
 and New York, the great central city in all other respects, must be made the central 
 city in this respect. "We need no longer go abroad f )r oar inspiration or our writers : 
 the days of provincial vassalage are past ; and as in politics we are independent, as 
 in our social bearing we have struck out a new path, so in letters we must give 
 more and more evidence of a fresh, original, spontaneou'^, characteristic life. The late 
 events of our national history, which evinced so stupendous an energy in the na- 
 tional mind and heart, must be trjinslated into speech, and come forth as genial 
 and peaceful arts. The splendid outbursts of intellect that followed the impulses 
 of the Persian war in Greece, or the crusading zeal of the church in France, 
 or the struggle of the city republics in Italy, ought to be paralleled here, where a 
 grander theatre has given scope for a grander develop?nent of the human forces. 
 
 (See Page 2 of Cover.) 
 
384 Putnam's Magazine. [March, 1870. 
 
 New York Oity, in whicli the wealth, the trade, the enterprise of the entire 
 continent comes to a head, should also fnrnish an organ for the best intellectual as- 
 piration and achievement. It should bring together and reflect whatever is most 
 vital and peculiar in the whole country. We admit that, what Pari< is to France, 
 what London is to Great Britain, New York can never be to the United States, nor 
 18 it desirable that it should be, owing to our more diffusive and democratic meth- 
 ods , but we see no reason why New York, supported by the vast resources of the 
 interior, should not rival any foreign city, not only in the munificence of its provi- 
 sions for scholarship, but in its literary and artistic activity. 
 
 In Politics, while we shall sedulously avoid the small topics of party debate, we 
 shall all the more earnestly strive to give philosophic breadth, dignity, and manli- 
 ness to political discussion. Holding, with an intensity of conviction that it would 
 not be easy to express, the distinctive American principle that the single and supreme 
 function of all government is Justice, or tlic equality of rights among men, we shall 
 endeavor to enforce it with all our strength ; and, as a necessary consequence, to 
 expose and overwhelm, without mincing words, the many fearful and odious 
 corruptions by which that sacred principle is siill defeated. The venality of much 
 of our legislation, and the shameless imbecility and oppressiveness of many of our 
 schemes of taxation, cannot be too vehemently opposed. 
 
 So, in regard to religious questions, we shall keep clear of all topics of mere 
 sectarian controversy, of all points of dogma or discipline that may be still in dis- 
 pute between the different denominations of Christians; but the essential and 
 catholic principles of Christianity, — the highest truths, in our conviction, yet dis- 
 closed to mankind, — are susceptible of application to all human relations, to all 
 subjects that concern the welfare and progress of society ; and one of our principal 
 aims shall be to apply these principles practically, so as to bring, to the extent of 
 our influence, public and private life into a complete and willing accord with 
 the sublime morality of the gospels. We shall claim for ourselves and exercise the 
 utmost freedom within these limits, without, we trust, giving offence to those who 
 may not always think as we do. 
 
 At the same time we shall not forget that the proper function of a Magazine is 
 to amuse as well as to instruct, or, rather, is to instruct by means of amusement ; 
 and we hope to gather, therefore, out of the intellectual life and culture of the re- 
 public, criticisms, sketches, tales, poems, etc., tbat shall be an adequate expression 
 of our new conditions and our abounding vitality. This, we are told, is the impos- 
 sible part of magazine editorship : our best mind, it is said, turns itself toward prac- 
 tical pursuits : Pacific Railroads are our epics, and the ring of hammers and anvils 
 our lyrics : while the finer arts — the arts in which all that is grand and beautiful 
 and subtle inanation's genius is embodied — are left to certain " delicate nobodies," 
 as one of our cynical friends phrases it, who are without positive personality, and 
 confess to no higher inspiration than that of bread- winning for the moment. 
 
 If such were our notions we should despair, not only of our literature, but of the 
 Republic itself; for literature is but the outflowing of the national heart, and since we 
 have given of lat^e such ample evidence that our heart is not dead, we need enter- 
 tain no fears of the answering capacities of the head. The flowers and fruits of 
 genius will come in their own way and time, if we who set ourselves to watch for 
 them are not too dull to recognize their coming, or too inhospitable to tender 
 them a generous welcome when they arrive. P. Gr. 
 
252 Putnam s Monthly Advertiser. 
 
 "At the head of the Magazines of the day" — Norwaik Oaaette. 
 *'' Pre-eminent among the Monthlies." — BuSaio Com. Advertiser. 
 
 Putnam's IXIagazine— 1870, 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE PUTNAM MAGAZINE COMPANY. 
 
 [Among the Shareholders are Mr. Wm. Cull en Bryant, and several practical 
 
 business nien.J 
 
 The Contributors include the ablest and most popular writers in every section. 
 We ifitcnd that this Magazine shall be 
 
 ^"^ Wide-awake^ Pure^ Practical^ Entertaining^'^ 
 
 And such as an int£llige7it family '* cannot afford to do without." 
 
 ^"SOLID INFORMATION on all matters connected with the Worlds 
 Progress in Literature, Science, Art, Domestic Economy, the Art of 
 Living, the comforts of Travelling, Social Science, National Inter- 
 ests, and Individual Rights — will be specially cultivated and developed in 
 the pages of this Magazine. 
 
 Distinctive Features of Putnam's Magazine. 
 
 Popular Papers on SCIENCE and NATURAL HISTORY; and 
 PRACTICAL INFORMATION for Every-Day Life, will be prepared spec- 
 ially for this Magazine by Prof. Schele de Vere ; also, by Prof. Maury, Miss S. 
 Fenimore Cooper, Edward Spencer, Dr. J. J. Hayes, Russell Sturgis, Jr. 
 etc. 
 
 Stories and lighter articles, by Miss Alcott, Mrs. R. H. Davis, Mrs. 
 J. G. Austin, Mrs. M. C. Ames, the authors of "Too True,^^ '''■The Stranded 
 Ship,^^ '■'■ Still Life in Parish '''Fair Harvard^ Caroline Cheesebro, 
 Alice Cary, Lucy Fountain, Eliz. Stoddard, Edward Everett Hale, 
 and many others. 
 
 Important Themes connected with LITERATURE, HISTORY, and NA- 
 TIONAL PROGRESS, by Prof. Goldwin Smith, Parke Godwin, Prof. Tay- 
 ler Lewis, E. A. Duyckinck, Prof. Bascom, The author of "C«r Establishea 
 Church," Pres't Chadbourne, Prest Coppee, Prof. Hoppin, Charlton T. 
 Lewis, E C. Stedman, R. B. Kimball, R. H. Stoddard. 
 
 Social Topics— Individual Rights, Healthful Progress, etc., by 
 Frances Power Cobbe, Miss Cooper, Prof. M. C. Tyler, Prof De Vere. 
 
 European Affairs, Literature and Art. A comprehensive record in 
 each No. by Bayard Taylor. Also special contributions by G. M. Towle, 
 Mrs. Hawthorne, P. G. Hamerton, F. B. Goodrich, Karl Blind, Clar- 
 ence Cook, and other special contributors now in Europe. 
 
 Putnam's Magazine. — " The revival oftheKingoftheAmeriaan Monthlies 
 is an event of more than ordinary ijnportance. No Magazine has ever appeared 
 on this side of the Atlantic of half the merit ^'Putnam's Monthly.'"— 
 Richmond (Va.) Enquirer. 
 
 Putnam's Magvzine. — ''''Right well have they redeemed their promise" 
 —Nashville Daily Times. 
 
 Putnam's Magazine. — " The best Magazine, the worthiest periodical fruit 
 of American literary effort ever yet seen on this side of the water." * * * « 
 The same old friend, and no spurious imitator greets us." — St. Louis 
 Democrat. 
 
 Putnam's MAGAzm^.— The pioneer of American Monthlies in enterprise^ 
 and the foremost in influence."— QvLiCkGO Christian Times. 
 
 Putnam's Magazine. — " We hail in it a certain liberal, large-hearted style, 
 as of a travelled man, and a freedom from mannerism, cliqueism, and pro- 
 vincialism." — Chicago Journal of Commerce. 
 
 ** The admirable plan of this publication takes in all topics of modern thought and study ^ 
 while every subject is invariably treated with ability.'''— Albany Evening Journal 
 
THE NOTORIOUS ARTICLE m PUTMM'S MAGAZmE, JULY, 1869. 
 
 -ffz 
 
 VP 
 
 TOGETHER WITH THE ARTICLE 
 
 "THE UNESTABLISHED CHURCH," 
 
 (PUTNAM'S MAGAZINE, DECEMBER, 1869.) 
 
 IN WHICH IT IS 
 
 TEIUMPHANTLY KEFUTED! 
 
 WITH AN EXPLANATORY AND EXCULPATORY PREFACE, AND SUNDRY 
 
 NOTICES OF THE CONTEMPOEAEY PRESS. 
 
 ^^,yofC«o^^ 
 
 
 y 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 G.P.PUTNAM&SON, 4th AVENUE AND 23d STREET^ 
 
 1870. 
 
^^ 
 
 0-^ 
 
 Ektered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 18T0, by 
 
 G. P. PUTNAM & SON, 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of IS'ew York. 
 
 TROW & SMITH BOOK MANUFACTURING COMPAXT, 
 
 PHINTEKS, STEREOTYPERS, AXD ELECTROTYPERS, 
 
 46, 43, 50 GREENE STREET, NEW YORK. 
 
H"OTIOES OF THE PEESS. 
 
 " startling at first * * * fxillj justified by the array of facts which it 
 presents." '' Who can find fault with the writer who, using plain terms, calls 
 this * Our Established Church ? ' " — ]!iew YorJc Evangelist. 
 
 " May well make the reader grave who reads it with his mind as well as with 
 his eyes. It is admirably written, with a dignity that is not injured by the satire 
 that pervades a ^ * * :'—New Yorlc Tribune. 
 
 " Too malicious for pleasantry, and too untrue for wit. * * * Sensational 
 writer. * * * Attempts to be so ironical and so witty, and so readily sacri- 
 fices sobriety and truth to point. * * * jj^s disgusted all fair-minded and 
 moderate Protestants." — Catholic World. 
 
 "Fall of serious facts, thoughtfully and powerfully presented." — New Yorlc 
 Evening Post. 
 
 " A new crusade against Catholicism." — NewYorh Herald. 
 
 " which we trust every American will read." — New Yorlc Evening Press. 
 
 " I do not wish to review the article in Putnam, but claim the privilege of 
 correcting some of its misstatements." — Right Rev. B. J. McQuaid^ D.D,, Bishop 
 of Rochester. 
 
 " What do you propose to do about it ? " — Idem. 
 
 " A remarkable article." — Cleveland Leader. 
 
 " The author's zeal * * * had got the better of his judgment. Some of 
 his errors were obvious • * * * ^^t others, not so apparent, Bishop McQuaid, 
 of Western New York, points out. * * * ^}^q bishop is in a position to know 
 whereof he speaks." — New Yorh World. 
 
 " Some boldly denounce the writer as a concealed enemy of religious liberty, 
 and an insidious friend of the Koman Catholic Church as a State Church." — New 
 Yorlc GhHstian Advocate. 
 
 *' Most striking article * * * an anonymous attack * * * ^ Tl^e 
 essay is too ironical ; perhaps it would be so, being ironical at all. To serve 
 efficiently any cause which depends for success on the support of a majority of 
 the legal voters, on its getting for adherents twenty-six electors out of every 
 
 * forty-nine fools and one wise man ' in all the precincts, the popular orators and 
 advocates cannot be too careful to shun the fine-drawn and the subtle, and trust 
 to plain and direct statements and hard hammering of argument. The clever 
 writer in Putnam's certainly succeeds, however, in making an impressive case." — 
 The Nation. 
 
 " We venture to predict a wide notoriety." — Independent. 
 
 " Its keen, withering irony, * * * the deep significance of its facts." — 
 Cleveland Herald. 
 
 " Unworthy of notice." " It was a waste of time for Bishop McQuaid to have 
 answered the article." * * * " ^ feeble eftbrt." — New Yorh Leader. 
 
 " The incendiarism of the writer and his partisans does not lack for assur- 
 ance. * * * This writer and his friends, who can so coolly put forth state- 
 ments and observations that outrage the best moral sense of the present age. 
 
 * * * This man may scoff at the impersonal ' people ;' he may gravely advise 
 to give up celebrating Washington's birthday as ' cold and perfunctory,' and 
 
iv Notices of the Press. 
 
 substitute St. Patrick's instead, but he had better wait till he sees it done." — 
 Lynn (Mass.) Transcript. 
 
 " Perhaps the most important paper, political or social, which has appeared 
 in the last ten years." — American Churchman, Chicago and Milwaukee, 
 
 " A brilliant article." * * * <« Caught publishing apocryphal statements 
 in regard to the Romish Church." — American Presbyterian. 
 
 " If we do not exceedingly mistake, almost any candid reader will see at 
 once that it is an honest and genuine Catholic j)aper. For ourselves, we have no 
 question about it. But its barefaced and demanding tone have rather overshot 
 the mark, it would seem ; and Catholics now, disturbed at the premature audaci- 
 ty of their able brother, turn and deny that he is a Catholic at all ; declaring 
 that, instead, the article is the feigned work of some designing Protestant ! No 
 wonder ! " — Lynn Transcript (a second article). 
 
 " I have learned that the author of the article in Putnam''s Magazine is a 
 Protestant, and his name is Parsons." — The Bev. Patrick Strain, Pastor of St. 
 Mary^s Church, Lynn, in his public controversy with the Transcript. 
 
 [The publishers of Putnam desire to suggest this conjectural theory of the 
 origin of the statement just quoted. It is related that a wayfaring countryman 
 of the Rev. Mr. Strain, reposing himself at midday at the side of the highway, 
 observed on the opposite side of the road a plain hewn stone, with a simple 
 inscription : 
 
 90 
 
 MILES 
 
 From Boston. 
 
 " Poor old man," ejaculated the traveller. " So they buried him right here, 
 by the roadside ! And he was ninety years old, and his name was Miles, from 
 Boston ! " We apprehend that, out of the statement by some ill-informed and 
 possibly malicious person, the author of our article, whatever his name, was " a 
 Protestant Parson," the very natural error of the pastor of St. Mary's arose.] 
 
 " Some one has contributed [to the December Putnam^ an ironical review of 
 * Our Established Church,' but it is hard to tell sometimes which side the writer 
 is writing on." — New York Observer. 
 
 " More satisfactory " [than the July article]. " More cogent in its statement 
 of the case : * * * exposes very well the disingenuousness of the Catholic 
 WarW^The Nation. 
 
 " Decidedly, not to say maliciously, wrong." * * * " Regarding the un- 
 supported statement of the writer as presumptive evidence of falsehood rather 
 than of truth, we let the charge pass." " The writer attempts to be witty, but 
 succeeds only in being abusive. "Wit does not appear to be his strong point, and 
 his attempts at it only provoke a smile at his expense.'* — Catholic World, JanU' 
 ary, 1870. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Vox emissa volat ! The injurious speech, once set afloat upon the breeze, 
 is not easily recalled or limited in its career. Denial or refutation, too, toils 
 after it almost in vain. And if the calumny, or the ill-advised eulogy which 
 is sometimes more damaging than calumny, has happened to set in motion 
 the tongues of many men, refutation and denial may quite as "well abide at 
 home and hold their peace. 
 
 Hopeless, therefore, of counteracting by silence the effect of an article 
 published last July, under the title, " Our Established Church," which has 
 achieved an unusual notoriety, the publishers of Putnam^ s Magazine make 
 this concession to the demand which has been made for a new edition. But 
 that with the obnoxious thing, wherever it goes, may go also the antidote, 
 and to vindicate also their own justice and fairness, the publishers send with 
 it into the world the searching review and sharp correction served out to it 
 in their Magazine for December last. 
 
 To the completeness of this confutation it should seem to be unnecessary 
 to add a word. But the same periodical (called the The Catholic World), 
 which was among the earliest and most eager in denouncing the " Established 
 Church " paper, strangely enough assails, if possible with greater vehemence, 
 the paper which controverts the former, and treats the same Church as 
 " Unestablished." It is hardly likely that, if we should give up another 
 dozen papers of Putnam to a surrejoinder to this latest pleading of the 
 World, we should get the case at last into a form entirely satisfactory to our 
 somewhat shrewish contemporary. But it is surely no more than fair that 
 we should utter a closing protest against certain misapprehensions of fact, 
 and certain misconceptions of the sentiments and purposes of ourselves, of 
 the author of our first paper, and of the author of our second, which are 
 indicated in the article, " Putnam's Defence," in The Catholic World for 
 January. 
 
 We shall be permitted, then, in the first place, to declare positively and 
 solemnly that, while we know, far better than the " Catholic Publication 
 Society " can know, who the authors of the peccant articles of July and 
 December are, w^e are also as well convinced of their motives and feelings 
 regarding the matters they discuss as we are of our own. The open and 
 palpable contradiction of their opinions, expressed as it is in the very titles 
 of their papers, we do not pretend to reconcile. But we do undertake to 
 assert, with the confidence of an intimate knowledge, that however those 
 writers may differ in their views of the position held by the Roman Catholic 
 Church in this State, it is a baseless assumption or wilful detraction to 
 attribute to either of them the malevolence which it is the main criticism of 
 The Catholic World to impute. We deny and denounce, with as much em- 
 phasis as the reverence due the clerical order will admit, the charge that 
 either article is " written in an unsuccessful vein of irony," or is " directed 
 against the honor " of the Church ; that either writer " attempts to be witty, 
 
vi Peeface. 
 
 but succeeds only in being abusive," or " hates " the Church " with a hatred 
 equal to that of the wicked Jews for our Lord whom they crucified between 
 two thieves ; " while candor compels us to admit that both, while approving 
 the liberation of the Church, would yet insist on the crucifixion of the 
 thieves. We further concede, promptly and frankly, and with some sense 
 of humiliation, that it should be deemed a concession that " wit is not the 
 strong point " of either. And although we cannot agree with The Catholic 
 World that their " strong point is hatred of the Church," we might be at a 
 loss if required to say exactly what it was. Perhaps we should say, a pains- 
 taking but plodding investigation of facts, which they do not succeed in 
 agreeing bow to explain : perhaps, in the case of the former, a somewhat 
 extravagant and unregulated ecclesiasticism ; in the case of the latter, we 
 might suggest, a new and over-liberal, though rare, type of American Galil- 
 ean ism. 
 
 When we have vouched our July number, as reprinted herewith, to wit- 
 ness that it did not " condemn the Church as Our Established Church," but, 
 on the contrary, commended and applauded it ; and our December number 
 to witness that it did not " condemn it as the Unestablished Church," but 
 applauded and glorified it on the contrary, we have said perhaps enough in 
 vindication of the sentiments of our contributors, at least against attacks 
 from the Catholic side. To the violent and " railing accusations " that have 
 been brought against them from the opposite quarter, we have, at present, no 
 response to make. Assaults of that kind, from such sources, our writers 
 were bound to expect and to be prepared for. Their work could not be a 
 pleasant one to Protestants ; and we are justified in saying that the measure 
 of favor, amounting sometimes almost to aj^probation, which these produc- 
 tions have met with among Protestants, has astonished no one so much as 
 the writers themselves. 
 
 So much by way of repelling unfounded accusations against our con- 
 tributors in regard to their sentiments and motives. Before we go on to 
 reasseverate, even to iteration, their actual belief and expectation as to the 
 future of the Roman Catholic Church in this country, we are bound to dis- 
 pose of an issue or two of fact in the latest article in the World, Our July 
 article contained the statement that the State of New York, in 1866, out of 
 $129,025.14 paid to benefactions under religious control, gave $124,174.14 to 
 our friends the Catholics. The Catholic World denied this ; that is, it 
 alleged that it had no knowledge or information thereof sufficient to form a 
 belief. Our December article reaffirmed the statement, and referred to the 
 report of the State Comptroller for 1866, at pages 71 to 75, quoting there- 
 from the several items which made up the two totals, with the addition to 
 each of one sum of $1,000, which had been overlooked before. The Catho- 
 lic World now " has the Comptroller's report before it ; has examined and 
 reexamined it, and does not find the statement in it, or any thing to warrant 
 it." 
 
 This attack, we confess, staggers us. We can think of but two ways to 
 meet it: (1.) We have had the Comptroller's report before us; have ex- 
 amined and reexamined it, and find the precise words and figures in it 
 already given ; and beg leave again to refer to it, he. cit. (2.) When it 
 was reported to Admiral Nelson, in the midst of the battle of Copenhagen, 
 that his commander-in-chief was flying the signal to retire from action, that 
 distinguished officer applied his glass to his blind eye, " examined and re- 
 examined " the mast-head of his superior's ship, and deliberately concluded 
 that he did not find such a signal there, nor any thing that looked like it.* 
 
 * This " little st-ory " is open to criticism on two grounds : it is not new, and It is not -wholly to the 
 point against The Catholic World, because Lord Nelson's remark was really true. 
 
Peeface. Yii 
 
 We ought to add a word upon the same general subject. Our Paulist 
 brethren, who carry to such a degree the Pauline mjunction, to be all things 
 to all men, that they must, in the course of events, become horribly uncivil 
 to somebody, observe that the statement quoted from the Comptroller's 
 report " has been more than once pronounced on the highest authority and 
 proved to be a forgery, as the Magazine well knows, or is inexcusable for not 
 knowing." This is a very shocking accusation. The country is already too 
 familiar with bare unsupported charges against high public officers ; but is it 
 possible that the Comptroller of this State can falsify his accounts in this 
 audacious and shameless manner, to the value of a hundred thousand dollars, 
 with no further penalty than an excoriation from The Catholic World? 
 There are his figures : were these moneys, then, never paid? The Treasurer's 
 report, too, agrees with the Comptroller's ; was the Treasurer, then, a con- 
 federate 1 It is true, the matter has not been suffered to pass altogether sub 
 silentio. " The Hon. Mr. Cassidy " (apparently of Greek descent, and prob- 
 ably of Buddhist faith), " of the Albany Atlas and Argus, declared [the 
 statement] false from beginning to end.* The Hon. Mr. Alvord, the distin- 
 guished member from Onondaga county, did the same." Just here, we think, 
 should come in the World's ejaculation : " For honest and fair-minded men 
 this was conclusive." And we may well leave out the authority of Mr. 
 Roberts, of the Utica Herald, which unquestionably is weighty, to whichever 
 side it leans. Our interest in Mr. Roberts' opinion was deep enough to move 
 us to inquire of him what his utterances upon this subject really had been ; 
 and we learn, somewhat to our relief, that he has not found fault with the 
 Comptroller's report, and that he has pronounced neither that nor our statis- 
 tics " a forgery." This accusation, in fact, as applied to statistics, we suspect 
 is new with the World. We have heard of " false " statistics before, as we 
 have heard, for example, of " forged " Decretals. But when it is so easy to 
 falsify figures, it is a mere wantonness of crime to resort to forgery when the 
 poorest original invention would serve the purpose. And the able and dig- 
 nified leader, which Mr. Roberts sends us as the only thing he has published 
 which could give color to the invocation of his authority by the World, calls 
 nothing whatever a " forgery," but criticises certain statements, of which it 
 is enough to say that they are not our statements. To the Comptroller's 
 report, then, so long as that official for 1866 keeps out of State's Prison, we 
 still appeal ; though, if the World shall continue to threaten us with that 
 severer punishment hinted at in calling upon " our friend, the Rev. Leonard 
 AV. Bacon, who sometimes writes for Putnam^^ and who is a scourge of evil- 
 doers, we may be terrified into silence. 
 
 We proceed, now, to the final clearing up, we hope, of a subject of con- 
 tention in regard to which the general public appears to be exceedingly un- 
 informed, and which has only been plunged in deeper confusion by the 
 attempts of our warring contributors and of their hostile critics to throw 
 light upon it. The writer in July, after recounting several benefactions in 
 the way of land-grants from the municipal government of New York to the 
 Church he was pleased to speak of as " Established," proceeded : " Upon 
 some part of this property, or upon another tract held by a like title and 
 upon similar terms, is in course of erection the new St. Patrick's Cathedral," 
 &c. A foot-note to this passage essays a bit of satire (although this writer 
 is singularly destitute of any ordinary sense of humor) upon an eminent 
 ethical writer, Mr. Parton, who, in the Atlantic for April, 1868, had extolled 
 " the foresight of Archbishop Hughes in buying this tract at a time when 
 
 * It is to be regretted that no effort has been made to preserve a record of the views upon this sub- 
 
 i"ect of the Hon. Terence McMannis, Member of Assembly from the Sixth Ward of New York. It is 
 lardly doubtful, however, that they coincided, as they usually did, with those of the Hon. Mr. Cassidy. 
 
viii Preface. 
 
 other purchasers would not ; " and suggests that " a willingness to risk one 
 dollar a year for a block of lots on Fifth Avenue, any time within fifteen 
 years, could hardly have been deemed a wild passion for speculation." In 
 this indiscreet limitation of time to the past " fifteen years " was presented 
 the happy opportunity of that vigorous controversialist, the Bishop of Roch- 
 ester. When that venerable prelate shied his hat into the arena, it was just 
 here that he planted his first and most effective blow. "The new St. Pat- 
 rick's Cathedral " (writes Bishop McQuaid to the newspapers) " stands on 
 ground purchased by Catholics about sixty years ago, and ever since in their 
 possession. This fact spoils Parton's compliment to the late Archbishop 
 Hughes' foresight, and a nice bit of irony in Puinani's Magazine^ The 
 Catholic World, in August, repeated the bishop's correction with emphasis ; 
 and the writer of " The tfnestablishcd Church'* enumerated the error thus 
 pointed out as one of the two ascertained errors in the earliest article. We 
 are able, now, to add, for the vindication of the bishop and the confusion of 
 his adversaries, the fact that the block on which the cathedral is rising, 
 bounded by 50th and 51st-streets and 4th and 5th Avenues, was formerly 
 known as Block No. 62 of the Common Lands, owned by the Mayor, Alder- 
 men, and Commonalty of the city of New York. That, on the 1st of May, 
 1799 (more than the bishop's " sixty years ago "), this plot was leased (not 
 sold) by the city, for the annual rent of four bushels of wheat. But inasmuch 
 as a lease, even at so moderate a rental, was not thought convenient for build- 
 ing purposes, it was very simply converted into a fee by a release, on the 
 11th of November, 1852, from the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of 
 New York to " The Trustees of St. Patrick's Cathedral, and James R. Bailey 
 and James B. Nicholson, new Trustees," &c., of the city's fee in the premises, 
 for the very considerable sum of $83.32. All these things — and how many 
 more of the same kind it would take an infinite amount of labor to discover 
 — are they not written in the Record-Books of the Register's Office in the 
 City Hall Park 1 We venture to say that, if the author of " Our Established 
 Church " had known exactly what they were and where to find them, there 
 would have been less occasion given for contradiction to his loose and unveri- 
 fied guesses. 
 
 It must have been from a consciousness of having driven a hard bargain 
 with the " Trustees " in extorting this 883.32, that when the city government 
 extended Madison avenue across this block in 1864 (not greatly to the detri- 
 ment of the property), it contributed no less than 124,000 in payment for 
 the strip of land necessary to be taken. If any one has difficulty in compre- 
 hending the economy of this way of doing business, we can only give the 
 familiar explanation of the Chatham-street merchant, to whom the rustic ex- 
 pressed surprise that he could make money by selling always " below cost." 
 " I couldn't, my friend, if I didn't do 50 much of it." 
 
 Before going further, we must do our Magazine an act of justice to its 
 consistency. Our Catholic neighbor errs in saying that it " withdraws its 
 false statement as to the millions of property held in fee-simple by the five 
 bishops in the State." Its statement in July was, that the millions of prop- 
 erty were owned, in great part, " by one or another of five ecclesiastics." 
 Under correction of the Bishop of Rochester, it admitted, in December, that 
 that dignitary had not received his share, which was owned by Bishop 
 Loughlin, of Brooklyn. And inasmuch as the original statement would have 
 remained unshaken if the Bishops of Albany and Buffalo had also complained 
 that the Brooklyn ecclesiastic had their shares as well, since the property' 
 would still have been held " by one or another of five ecclesiastics," we have 
 not thought, and really cannot think, of " withdrawing " a statement so 
 absolutely correct. At the same time, we must admit that there is much 
 
Preface. ix 
 
 force in the argument urged by the World in regard to the Catholic Religious 
 Society Law of 1863, that it only secures to " the Church the free manage- 
 ment of her own temporalities. This is, indeed, exactly what that law 
 effectually does ; and it is what is done for no other than the Church by the 
 laws of this State, or, so far as we are advised, of any American common- 
 wealth. To no point heretofore has the legislation of New York at least 
 been more sedulously directed than to the absolute removal from the 
 churches of the control of the temporalities devoted to their use, and the 
 maintenance in every case of religious societies separate from and independ- 
 ent of the churches, and sometimes, as it has happened, antagonistic to them, 
 and subversive to their faith and order. We do not propose to vindicate this 
 system of legislation ; very likely it may be quite the thing for the sects of 
 dissent ; we merely recall the unquestionable fact, illustrated as it is every 
 year by instances of the property given and held for the religious uses of 
 one sect, being turned over to those of another by the action of a society 
 foreign to the church, and made up of whatever members of another church, 
 or of no church, or of a Tom Paine Club, may have attended worship there 
 for a year, and contributed to the expenses of the society. But does The 
 Catholic World really believe that the Act of 1863, in giving such control to 
 the Church, " only secures to it equal rights with the sects ? " Does it fancy 
 that the Protestant Episcopal Church, which is, no less than the Roman 
 Catholic, a general organization extending throughout and far beyond the 
 limits of the State, and, no less than that, assumes to be a great spiritual 
 unit, " controls the temporalities " devoted to Episcopalian worship 1 Does 
 it imagine to itself the Right Rev. Bishop Potter enforcing his pastoral 
 authority over St. George's, in New York, by closing its doors upon the 
 flock which his shepherd's crook has first expelled into the street ? Or can it 
 frame the picture even of a Diocesan Convention, or of a General Conven- 
 tion — bodies of a higher legislative and administrative authority in that 
 Church than any known in the Roman Church this side of Rome — attempt- 
 ing a like " control of temporalities " in regard to St. George's, or even 
 essaying to extinguish a candle at the altar of little St. Alban's? Can it 
 conceive of any case in any non-Catholic sect where the spiritual body, call- 
 ing itself the Church, or the governing powers of it, however constituted, 
 can exercise the slightest legal authority over the property it uses f We 
 think not. We know it cannot. And just here is the difference. Just here 
 is the power the State grants the Roman Church, which it withholds irom 
 every other Church. We thank it for withholding ; we do not complain of 
 it for granting ; only, we congratulate the Church. 
 
 If to any reader the distinction between the spiritual body, the Church, 
 and the body corporate, the society, be so subtle as to evade him, or seem so 
 slight that he can see no importance in restricting the powers of either, let 
 him imagine the authorities of the former body, of whatever name, whether 
 its governing power be vested in a majority of communicants, or in a ses- 
 sion, or a convocation, or an uncontrolled chief or bishop, to seek to impose 
 some new dogma or oppressive discipline upon unwilling parishioners, whose 
 money, and their fathers' money, has provided the land and buildings applied 
 to pious uses. Before the Act of 1863, in all churches — and now in all 
 churches but the Roman — the means of enforcing the spiritual decree are 
 spiritual means — argument, appeal, admonition. If these fail, the Church 
 yields, or, at worst, cuts off the disobedient, to worship God in their own 
 way in the house their means have procured them. Under the Act of 1863, 
 the subjects yield ; the simple alternative to implicit obedience and submis- 
 sion is not merely the spiritual penalties so heavy in any ecclesiastical hands, 
 but the expulsion from all that they had paid for, built, and fancied that they 
 
X Peefaoe. 
 
 owned. What if the Catholic laity of New York were to a man hostile (as 
 we have not the least reason to suppose they are) to the dogma of inflillibil- 
 ity 1 Suppose even that the Vatican Council should refuse to decree it. 
 Suppose, then, that it should be announced, nevertheless, from the See of St. 
 Peter, under the usual damnatory clauses, as essential to salvation. No one 
 doubts where the five bishops of New York would be. No one has any 
 right to doubt that the fifty millions of church property in this State would 
 be as absolutely and irretrievably, and as utterly without control from the 
 million or two of Catholic laymen who have helped pay for it, at the disposal - 
 of an Italian prince, as the poorest rural Baptist chapel is under the power 
 of its unanimous congregation. We may even suppose a stronger case. We 
 are at liberty to imagine the event that the voluntary contril3utions of the 
 faithful should no longer suffice, as heretofore, to maintain the disciplined 
 legions who protect the throne of the Sovereign Pontiff more successfully 
 against domestic dissent than against foreign aggression, and who are capable 
 of considerable severity when not too formidably opposed — Zouaviter in 
 modo, as well as for titer in re — as appeared from the sack of Perugia in 1859. 
 No more effectual way could be devised for a sudden emergency of reinforcing 
 the Peter's pence than to levy upon the church property of fifty millions in 
 this State a contribution of say ten per cent., to be raised by mortgages. 
 Our five bishops — or four, if they prefer — object (we mean to make the case 
 a strong one). By the speedy communication of the mails, or even the" 
 quicker operation of the telegraph, a prompt and sweeping process of trans- 
 lation occurs. Our venerated archbishop finds himself promoted in a twink- 
 ling to the ^rch-diocese of New Archangel ; and the present right reverend 
 bishops of Brooklyn, Albany, Rochester, and Buffalo are all given truly 
 apostolic work at the sees of El Medina, Timbuctoo, Terra del Fuego, and 
 Tananarivo, all in ^artibus, and five more submissive ecclesiastics from the 
 College of the Propaganda, if they could not be found nearer, are installed 
 in their places. By the instant operation of the Act of 1863, each one of 
 these five became instantly a member of every religious society in his dio- 
 cese, organized under it. Of course, he appoints a vicar-general to suit him ; 
 and if any parish priest is not fully to his mind, he replaces such by others 
 entirely satis^ctory ; and the new vicar-general and the new priests, becom- 
 ing at once, by force of the Act, members of the religious societies in place 
 of the old, it remains to arrange about two laymen w^ho, with the other and 
 satisfactory three, constitute the entire board. It is enough to say, that the 
 dissent of such a minority could be of little avail ; but if the moral eflfect of 
 unanimity be desired, the clerical three have only to wait until the corporate 
 year comes round, and to fill their places, as the Act provides, with two of 
 whose subservience there can be no question. Then let them execute their 
 mortgage, and remit the proceeds in gold or drafts, as the instructions from 
 Rome require. Is it not simple 1 And if any one objects, what of it ? 
 
 Exactly this fact it was upon which our July writer, in part, depended to 
 justify him in calling the Roman Church " Established ; " the fact that the 
 Roman Church alone, among churches, had been favored by the State by 
 entrusting to it — to the spiritual body and the spiritual hierarchy — the abso- 
 lute control of its enormous endowments. And upon just this fact, too, did 
 the December writer, in part, rest in rebuking the former for his epithet, 
 since in no other land in Christendom has an established hierarchy the like 
 tremendous power. If compelled to arbitrate between them, we could hardly 
 say but both were right. 
 
 We have been saying a good deal thus far — perhaps too much — in excul- 
 pation of ourselves and our contributors. We are bound to add, before 
 sending the following papers again into the world, something in mere justice 
 
Peefaoe. xi 
 
 to the World, whose reputation for orthodoxy might suffer at Rome if the 
 accusations of our Magazine should reach there unaccompanied by the ex- 
 planations and excuses put forth in January. It is an act of judicial impar- 
 tiality, which we willingly perform, to give them full currency herewith. 
 
 " We are accused, because we say the Church here desires no establishment by 
 law— for she has what is tetter than such establishment — of contradicting the Sylla- 
 dus, and going against [sic] the supreme pontiff. We accept the Syllahus without 
 reserve, though probably not in the Magazine'' s sense." 
 
 [This is doing very well, so far. We know, now, pretty well, where to 
 find the " liberal Catholics " of this country. The hint in the last six words 
 does not in the least becloud the matter. If our good friends will stand to 
 an?/ sense the monkish Latin of that document can be twisted into, they will 
 give us the special satisfaction of knowing where they are. 
 
 We confess, at the same time, to some curiosity to know in what sense — 
 whether " the sense of the Syllabus,^'' or other — one Father Hecker, whose 
 name appears on the cover of The Catholic World, declared in a public lec- 
 ture, a year or two since, as reported in the newspapers, that " there is, ere 
 long, to be a State religion in this country, and that State religion is to be 
 Roman Catholic." Can the World explain f\ 
 
 "The Syllabus condemns those who demand the separation of Church and 
 State in the sense of the European liberals ; but not us for not requiring the Church 
 to be established by law as the State-Church." 
 
 [We do not find the italicised words of limitation in the Syllabus. We 
 fancied, indeed, that that instrument had an Ecumenical character, and was as 
 keen for tlie dividing asunder of joints and marrow of Massachusetts or 
 Ohio schismatics, of Nestorian or Coptic heretics, as of " European liberals." 
 But as too great publicity cannot be given to a good thing, we repeat here, 
 in juxtaposition with the last extract, Damnable Errors Nos. 55 and 77. 
 
 55. That the Church must be separated from the State, and the State from the 
 Church. 
 
 77. That in the present day it is no longer necessary that the Catholic religion 
 shall be held as the only religion of the State, to the exclusion of all other modes of 
 worship.] 
 
 Those liberals mean, by the separation of Church and State, the independence 
 of the State, and its right to pursue its own policy, irrespective of the rights and 
 interests of religion. In that sense [not merely, therefore, it will be seen, in a 
 " parliamentary " or " Pickwickian " sense] we also condemn the separation, and 
 are continually warring against it as political atheism. But we deny that in that 
 sense, or in the sense of the Syllabus, we do or ever have advocated the separation of 
 Church and State. * * * ^^n ^ct of the Legislature of the State or 
 the nation forbidding Christianity, or authorizing acts directly against it, would 
 be null and void from the beginning, and be treated by the courts as would be a 
 jus municipium [sic] in violation of the jus gentium. 
 
 We trust the readers of this pamphlet will not think us over-exact in 
 seeking to interpret the utterances of The Catholic World. In all earnest- 
 ness, we deem it difficult to exaggerate their importance. They come from 
 a class of writers whose fault has never been, these many centuries, a loose 
 and generous frankness ; they touch upon matters of the last importance, 
 not merely in a religious view — for, upon that, Putnamus Magazine has been 
 always careful not to touch in the slightest — but in a purely political aspect, 
 as they might appear to one who looked upon all creeds as alike false ; they 
 are the forced expressions under the stress of public inquisition, and guarded 
 by the keenest caution of a tremendous power which hopes shortly to be 
 ready to act. Nor is the weight of this particular sentence impaired by thot 
 
Xii PliEFAOE. 
 
 somewhat nebulous illustration at its close. Our clerical friends may write 
 bad Latin, if they choose ; no sacerdotal prerogative is more firmly estab- 
 lished by the usage of centuries than that ; and the less Latin the reader 
 knows, the more likely he is to understand what Cicero, though a Koman and 
 a lawyer, would never have guessed, that "^Vs municipium " is used to mean 
 " municipal law." It is plain that the writer fancies that an American court, 
 if a State or Federal statute appears to contravene a principle of interna- 
 tional law, would hold it " null and void." We imagine that this principle 
 of jurisprudence will startle the jurisconsult as much as the Latin phrase 
 alarms the linguist. But what is of far higher importance, what rises above 
 all trifling criticism, is the fact that here we have an authoritative announce- 
 ment, partial though it be, of the principle that shall guide our future Catho- 
 lic rulers. The people governed must await with profound anxiety the 
 decisions of that Catholic judiciary which is to say what the " Christianity " 
 is which legislation is not to contravene. We surmise that it will fare hard 
 with sectaries then. 
 
 We have left ourselves but little space — though more, perhaps, than we 
 need — to comment upon the latest observations of The Catholic World in 
 regard to the common school system. We had already observed, with some 
 regret, that our December writer had expressed somewhat earnestly a feeling 
 which is not so much a Protestant, or religious, as an American, or political 
 iind social feeling, that our system of public education is a good thing, and a 
 thing to be maintained at any price. The existence and the earnestness of 
 this sentiment is not to be denied ; but if the writer in December thinks it 
 jiseful to give expression to it, we are bound to differ with him. So far as 
 the State of New York is concerned, the system of public education is dead. 
 A system of sectarian education, sustained at public expense, but "superior to 
 p.ublic interference, is established in its place ; a system which received last 
 year, in the city of New York alone, $215,000 from a single fund (an annual 
 gift made perpetual by the statute authorizing it), besides large and numerous 
 subsidies from other public sources, and the strongest argument for the per- 
 manence of which is found in the fact that one quarter of the sum mentioned 
 was accepted hy non-Catholic schools.* 
 
 * The details, of these subventions in the city of New York in 1869, so fur as we have been able to 
 ascertain them, we submit below. Our experience with the data extracted from the State Comptroller's 
 report compels us to anticipate severe treatment for any thing we may ofler in the way of figures. We 
 hasten, therefore, to admit that these statistics are imperfect, and that whenever we can learn of addi- 
 tional donations to like pwpoees, we shall be happy to correct our tables by inserting them. 
 
 TABLE OF HONEYS JOJV.J) FROM THE PUBLIC TREASURY OP THE CITY OF NEW YORK FOR 
 SECTARIAN INSTITUTIONS IN 1869. 
 
 Roman Catholjc>...* $412,062.26 
 
 Saered Heart Convent . .,.,.. j., $10,000 St. Joseph's Parish School $2,000 
 
 Sacred Heart School......... ^, 4,000 St. Joseph's Male School 3,180 
 
 House Good Shepherd.. . 25,000 St. Joseph's Female School 3,410 
 
 House Good Shepherd...; 15,000 St. Teresa's School 7,730 
 
 House Mercy ..,, 5,000 St. Teresa's Church 640 
 
 Sisters Mercy ....,,..j. 457 School St. Teresa's Chapel 5,000 
 
 Sisters St. Dominic 10,000 St. Teresa's School 5,< 00 
 
 eisters St. Dominic ,, ,....,....^.,.. 106 • St. Ann's School 1,500 
 
 Asylum St. Dominic 5,000 St. Ann's Church 208 
 
 Dominican Fathers , .....,.j.... 2,774 St. Peter's School 5,000 
 
 Dominican Church ..., 3,500 Ger. Am. St. Peter's School 1,500 
 
 St. Nicholas School ,. ,.. 6,800 Ger. Am, Free School 14,000 
 
 St. Nicholas School.... >, 5,000 St. Lawrence Church 1,500 
 
 St. Nicholas Church 364 St. Lawrence Parish School 5,000 
 
 St. Patrick's Orphan Asylum 8,153 St. Mary's School 20,000 
 
 St. Patrick's. Cathedral. 8,928 St. Mary's Church 200 
 
 St. Patrick's School 8,000 Sisters of Charity 70 
 
 St. Patrick's Orphan Asylum 5,000 Most Holy Redeemer School 11,000 
 
 St. Bridget's School 23,540 St. Francis Female School 4,250 
 
 St, Bridget's Church , 5,000 St, Francis Male School 3,730 
 
 Sister Helena, 4,317 St. Francis Hospital 5,000 
 
 Sisters of St, Joseph 5,000 St, Michael's School 2,500 
 
 St. Joseph's Church 2,071 St. Michael's School 5,000 
 
 St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum 5,000 St. Michael's School 5,000 
 
Peeface. 
 
 ZIU 
 
 We know that public schools, established under the ancient system, con- 
 tinue to exist ; that under some name and for some purposes — " pauper- 
 
 Sfc. Gabriel's School , $11,830 
 
 Church of Transfiguration 387 
 
 Transfiguration School 11,500 
 
 St James' Male School 6,000 
 
 St. James' Female^SchooL 7,000 
 
 St. James' Church. 800 
 
 Our Lady of Sorrow School 8,000 
 
 St. Columbia School 6,120 
 
 Holy Innocents' School 562 
 
 St. Andrev's Church 1,007 
 
 Church of the Immaculate Conception 5,000 
 
 School of the Immaculate Conception 10,000 
 
 Church of St Paul 5,001 
 
 St Vincent de Paul School 2,540 
 
 German American School 3,150 
 
 St Boniface Church 965 
 
 Pbotestaxt Episcopal. 
 
 St Barthomolew's Church $263 
 
 St Luke's Hospital 842 
 
 St. Luke s Hospital for Indigent Females. . . 5,000 
 
 St Luke's Hospital Parochial SchooL 271 
 
 Incarnation Church 2,810 
 
 St. Phillip's P. K. Church 290 
 
 St PhiUip's Church 169 
 
 St. Paul's Chapel SchooL 758 
 
 Holy Trinity Church, 1,270 
 
 Trinity Church School 704 
 
 Tnnitv Chapel School 650 
 
 St Timothy's Church 1,785 
 
 St Mary's Church 257 
 
 School Church Redeemer 1,000 
 
 K". Y. Prot Epis. Church 1,200 
 
 Hebrew 
 
 Cong. Shearith Israel $940 
 
 Cong. Anslie Chesed 402 
 
 Hebrew School, Xo. 1 2,280 
 
 Polonies Talmud K, Schcoh 542 
 
 Refoemed (DriCH) Church 
 
 Reformed Dutch Church $3, 790 
 
 Reformed Dutch Church. 6,748 
 
 Reformed Dutch Church 1, 143 
 
 Peesbtterias 
 
 Canal Presbyterian Church. $130 
 
 Church of the Covenant 652 
 
 Mercer -street Presbyterian Church 1,280 
 
 Manhattan ville Presbyterian Church 1, 724 
 
 Eleventh Presbyterian Church 384 
 
 84th- street Presbyterian Church 540 
 
 13th-street Presbyterian Church 208 
 
 Jane-street Presbyterian Church 145 
 
 Spring-street Presbyterian Church 414 
 
 Baptist 
 
 Laight-street Baptist Church $170 
 
 Macdougal- street Baptist Church 195 
 
 North Baptist Church 1,000 
 
 63d-street Baptist Church- 637 
 
 Abyssiuian Baptist Church 124 
 
 Methodist Episcopal. 
 
 M. E. Church, 22d-street $473 
 
 M. E. Church. 1(2 
 
 M.E. Church 421 
 
 Sullivan-street M. E. Church 208 
 
 Bedford-street M. E. Church. 306 
 
 Forsyth-street M. E. Church liiO 
 
 German Evaxqelical : 
 
 German and English School $1, 150 
 
 German Lutheran St. Peter's Church 476 
 
 German Lutheran Church 54 
 
 St John's School for Girls, 
 
 Church of Xati%-ity School 
 
 R. C. Church 
 
 Holy Cross Church. 
 
 Holy Cross Church School 
 
 St Matthew's Church 
 
 Church of the Assumption 
 
 Church St. John the Baptist 
 
 St Vincent's Hospital 
 
 St Vincent's K. C. Orphan Asylum 
 
 St. Stephen's Orphan House. .'. 
 
 St Stephen's Orphan House 
 
 R. Burtsell, to taxes 22d-st. Chiirch property 
 
 German School 
 
 German Mission Association 
 
 $29,335.09 
 
 N. Y. Prot. Epis. Missionary Society 
 
 St. John's Chapel School 
 
 Shepherd's Fold 
 
 Holy Apostles' Church 
 
 Sepulchre Church 
 
 St. Clement's Prot. Epis. Church. 
 
 St Mark's Church 
 
 All Angels' Church 
 
 All Saints' Church 
 
 Church of Intercession 
 
 St. Mary's Episcopal Church 
 
 St. Mary's Episcopal Church, Sisterhood. . . . 
 
 Zion Church. 
 
 Sheltering Arms School 
 
 Memorial Church, Ft. 
 
 $14,404.49 
 
 Cong. B. Israel 
 
 Cong. Adireth El 
 
 Hebrew Benevolent Society Orphan Asylum 
 Hebrew Benevolent Orphan Asylum 
 
 $12,630.86 
 
 N. W. Protestant Reformed Dutch Church.. 
 True Reformed Dutch Church 
 
 ....$8,363.44 
 
 Harlem 
 
 Presbyterian Church, Houston-street... 
 
 A Presbyterian Church 
 
 A Presbyterian Hospital 
 
 Mariners' Church 
 
 United Presbyterian Church 
 
 United Presbyterian Church 
 
 Second Reformed Presbyterian Church. 
 First Reformed Presbyterian Church. . . . 
 
 .$2,760.34 
 
 Berean Baptist Church , 
 
 Baptist Church, Madison-street 
 
 Olive Branch Baptist Church , 
 
 Harlem Second Baptist Church , 
 
 $3,073.63 
 
 Greene-street M. E. Church 
 
 Jane-street M. E. Church i 
 
 John-street M. E. Church 
 
 Jane-street M. E. Church 
 
 Sullivan-street M. E. Bethel Chm-ch 
 
 Second Church of Evangelical Association. 
 
 $2,027.24 
 
 German Evangelical Church. 
 
 German American School Society 
 
 $2,140 
 
 639 
 
 645 
 
 2,123 
 
 1,272 
 
 463 
 
 459 
 
 533 
 
 10,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 5,000 
 
 3,000 
 
 505 
 
 5,000 
 
 6,000 
 
 975 
 500 
 179 
 750 
 156 
 68d 
 
 1,177 
 529 
 
 1,749 
 323 
 
 3,000 
 69 
 
 l,f00 
 370 
 
 168 
 
 191 
 
 5,000 
 
 5,000 
 
 $825 
 123 
 
 $83 
 150 
 150 
 1,400 
 311 
 292 
 162 
 140 
 191 
 
 $150 
 175 
 100 
 
 209 
 
 $315 
 129 
 255 
 91 
 221 
 300 
 
 $216 
 131 
 
 MlSCELLANEOra 
 
 N. Y. Magdalen Benevolent Society $5,000 
 
 Protestant Half-Orphan Asylum 3,054 
 
 Wayside Industrial Home 3,0(.0 
 
 Tuxnverein School 3,800 
 
 School N. Y. Juvenile Society 4,336 
 
 An Evangelical Church 300 
 
 Grand Total 
 
 $44,085.12 
 
 Mission Church, 2d-Av. 125th street $594 
 
 Dover-street Free School 2,000 
 
 Union Home and School 10,000 
 
 Union Home and School 7,000 
 
 Lying-in Asylum, Marion-street 5,000 
 
 .$528,742.47 
 
xiv Pkefaok. 
 
 schools," as the Freeman^s Journal proposes to call them — some of them 
 may long exist, is very possible ; but the system is dead. We therefore 
 regard all excited discussion as to the details of management of the schools 
 as being as futile and out of date as a discussion as to the expediency of 
 matters of township administration under the colonial government of New 
 York. It is all very well to say we will remove the Bible!* from the schools ; 
 no matter how valuable the tub we throw the whale, it will not save them. 
 The quotations our December writer gave from Catholic authorities, from 
 the Syllabus down, ought to have satisfied him that " godless " schools would 
 be no more tolerable to our Catholic rulers than schismatic ones. " If they 
 insist," says now The Catholic World, " on having godless schools for their 
 children, they can have them ; we cannot hinder them." Cannot hinder them 1 
 But you will hinder them, if you can. Do not distrust your power. It is 
 hard to set a limit to the ability that has already accomplished so much. 
 For the will which is to direct it, let these recent utterances of the orthodox 
 press, added to those quoted in the following pages, be a sufficient declara- 
 tion ; and let them, as they show the " conscientious conviction " of Roman 
 Catholic minds, that any school-system not under the control of the Catholic 
 Church is but a vestibule of Gehenna, furnish the abundant justification of 
 Roman Catholics for refusing, whenever the question shall come to them for 
 decision, to allow the funds of the State, even if they come from Protestant 
 taxpayers, to be turned to such atrocious uses. 
 
 " From the " New York Tablet," November 20. 
 
 The School Board of Cincinnati have voted, we see from the papers, to ex- 
 clude the Bible and all religious instruction from the i3ublic schools of the city. 
 If this has been done with a view to reconciling Catholics to the common school 
 system, its pui-pose will iiot be realized. It does not meet, nor in any degree 
 lessen, our objection to the public school system, and only proves the impractica- 
 bility of that system in a mixed community of Catholics and Protestants. 
 
 The system of common schools, as now adopted in this country, is in the main 
 an imitation of the system decreed by the convention which sentenced Louis 
 XTV. to the guillotine, abolished Christianity, and declared death an eternal 
 sleep. The object of the convention was, by a system of godless schools, to root 
 out religion from the French mind, and to train up the French youth in absolute 
 ignorance or unbelief in any life beyond this life, and any world that transcends 
 the senses. If we adopt and carry out the same system, our American youth 
 must grow up thoroughly unbelieving and godless, as the order of the Cincinnati 
 Board of Education not directly foreshadows. Catholics will do well to be on 
 their guard against forming alliances to help them get rid of one evil by fasten- 
 ing on the country another and infinitely greater evil — the very evil the forever 
 infamous Convention sought with devilish ingenuity to fasten on France. 
 
 Exclude every sectarian exercise, and wholly secularize the schools ; let them 
 teach nothing of religion, but be confined solely to secular education ; what is 
 the result ? The system is even more objectionable than before. 
 
 Let the laws permit and encourage the establishment of denominational schools 
 — wherever any denomination may be suflSlciently numerous to justify one — such 
 schools to be subject, of course, to State inspection, and be required to come up 
 to a prescribed educational standard, but to be wholly /red in the department of 
 religious instruction. Let such schools receive their due proportion of the 
 public tax. 
 
 From the " Tablet," December 4. 
 
 We are not opposed to public schools supported by the State, if the State 
 provides schools for us in which we can teach our own religion ; but we are 
 ojDposed to infidel, godless, or purely secular schools. So are we to infidelity, 
 and to Protestantism, but we can only demand that, if the State chooses to tax 
 the whole community to support common schools, it is bound to provide Catho- 
 lics, and Protestants too, if they demand it, schools in which children can be 
 educated without violation of conscience. 
 
Preface. xv 
 
 From the "Tablet," December 18. 
 
 So far as Catholics, acting in concert with their pastors, are concerned, there 
 is no conspiracy in the case. We say openly, we do not believe in the system, 
 nor in any system which does not leave us free to educate our children in our 
 own religion ; and we are strongly opposed to being tased for the support of 
 schools in which we cannot do it. 
 
 From tbe " Tablet,'' December 25. 
 
 We demand of the State, as our right, either such schools as our Church will 
 accept, or exemption from the school tax. If it will support schools by a general 
 tax, we demand that it provide or give us our portion of the public funds, and 
 leave us to provide schools in which we can educate our children in our own 
 religion, under the supervision of our Church. 
 
 We hold education to be a function of the Church, not of the State ; and in 
 our case we do not, and will not, accept the State as educator. 
 
 From the " Freeman's Journal," November 13. 
 
 Education is not the work of the State at all. It belongs to families, and 
 should be left to families, and to voluntary associations. The school tax is in 
 itself an unjust imposition. 
 
 From the " Freeman's Journal," November 20. 
 
 We tell our respected cotemporary, therefore, that if the Catholic translation 
 of the books of Holy Writ, which is to be found in the homes of all our better- 
 educated Catholics, were to be dissected by the ablest Catholic theologian in the 
 land, and merely lessons to be taken from it — such as Catholic mothers read to 
 their children ; and with all the notes and comments, in the popular edition, and 
 others added, with the highest Catholic endorsement — and if these admirable 
 Bible lessons, and these alone, were to be ruled as to be read in all the public 
 schools, this would not diminish, in any substantial degree, the objection we 
 Catholics have to letting Catholic children attend the public schools. 
 
 This declaration is very sweeping, but we will prove its correctness. 
 
 First : We will not subject our Catholic children to your teacher ! You ought 
 to know why, in a multitude of cases. 
 
 Second ; We will not expose our Catholic children to association with all the chil- 
 dren who have a right to attend the public schools ! Do you not know why ? 
 
 There is no possible programme of common school instruction that the Catho- 
 lic Church can permit her children to accept. The Catholic Church claims no 
 power to force her instruction on the children of people not Catholic. But she 
 resists the assumption of whomsoever to force on the little ones of the Catholic 
 fold any system of instruction that ignores her teaching, according to which the 
 whole of this life is to fit children, a^d older people, for an eternal life. 
 
 It is not we who declare so. It is the Catholic Church. In the famous " Syl- 
 labus " of modern errors condemned by the Catholic Church, and which neither 
 bishop nor layman can dispute, without the reproach of rebellion against the 
 Church, is the following condemned, as against faith. 
 
 " That Catholics may approve the plan for teaching youth in schools apart 
 from the inculcation of the Catholic faith, and from the control of the Catholic 
 faith ; while such teaching regards only, or, at least, chiefly, the mere knowledge 
 of natural things, and the purposes of our social life here on earth." 
 
 This proposition is condemned by the Catholic Church, and no Catholic is at 
 liberty to hold it. The Express^ therefore, may understand how impossible it is for 
 Catholics ever to come to an agreement with persons not attached to any religion, 
 in regard to schools that she requires to be positively^ and contimially^ dominated by 
 the Catholic religion. 
 
 From the '* Freeman's Journal," November 20. 
 
 The issue is not about the reading or not reading of the Bible in schools. 
 We insist upon having this apprehended and acknowledged. Bible read, or 
 Bible not read, in the public schools, cannot alter the objection of Catholics, 
 obedient to their faith, against the popular method of public schools. We insist 
 on having this recognized. It is the fact. 
 
 No Catholic, in a responsible position, will or can deny that schools, not sub- 
 
xvi Pkeface. 
 
 jected to teachers, and to a discipline under the supervision of Catholic authori- 
 ties, are forbidden to Catholics for their children. 
 
 The movement to exclude the perfunctory gabbling over of some verses of 
 the Bible at the opening of schools is not a Catholic movement. If some Catho- 
 lics have engaged in it, it is as politicians, not as Catholics. They may wish to 
 embarrass non-Catholics, and set these by the ears. In this or that town or 
 village, if this be done, it is none of our business to interfere with it. But if it 
 be attempted to make the whole Catholic public responsible for it, we denounce 
 the endeavor. It is not a Catholic proceeding. For our part, we object to it, 
 and believe it is calculated to put Catholics in a false position. 
 
 The Catholic position is so clear and simple that there is no excuse for mis- 
 representing it. 
 
 We do not want to force Catholic school instruction on any one. 
 
 We will not have school instruction, without the Catholic religion pervading 
 it, forced on our children. 
 
 We do not want our neighbors to be taxed for our Catholic schools. 
 
 We Catholics do not want to be taxed for schools we do not believe in, and 
 cannot use. 
 
 If all alike are to be taxed for the support of schools, which are not prop- 
 erly the business of the State, we hold that all and every portion of the tax- 
 payers ought to have the proportion of the money so raised applied in a manner 
 not repugnant to their convictions of what kind of schooling their children 
 should have. 
 
 From the ''Freeman's Journal," December 11. 
 
 The Catholic solution of this muddle about Bible or no Bible in schools, is — 
 " hands off ! " No State taxation or donations for any schools. You look to 
 your children, and we will look to ours. We don't want you to be taxed for 
 Catholic schools. We don't want you to be taxed for Protestant, or for godless 
 schools. Let the public school system go to where it came from — the devil. We 
 want Christian schools, and the State cannot tell us what Christianity is. 
 
 / 
 
1869.] 
 
 OuE Established Ohtjech. 
 
 17 
 
 OUE ESTABLISHED CHURCH. 
 
 Thirty years ago, a young English 
 gentleman, whose title-page described 
 him by the strangely composite style 
 of " Student of Christ Church and M. 
 P. for Newark," put forth a famous plea 
 for the maintenance of the national 
 Church in England and of the English 
 Church in Ireland. The subtle dialect- 
 ics, the fervid and urgent rhetoric of 
 the work, marking " the rising hope of 
 those stern and unbending Tories who 
 followed, reluctantly and mutinously," 
 the more cautious lead of Peel, main- 
 tained the loftiest views of the necessity 
 of an ecclesiastical department in every 
 State ; and esiDccially insisted upon the 
 continuance of the Protestant Estab- 
 lishment in Ireland, when that Estab- 
 lishment was more odious than to-day, 
 and to a greater proportion of the Irish 
 people. At the moment when we 
 write, that young scholastic-parliament- 
 ary champion of the Irish Church has 
 become the chief of an imperial minis- 
 try, the avowed purpose of whose exist- 
 ence is the dis-establishment of the Irish 
 Church. His Tory predecessor, when 
 he carried through a measure of Parlia- 
 mentary Reform so radical as almost to 
 frighten the Manchester men, did not 
 more squarely turn his back upon the 
 professions, than Mr. Gladstone has 
 upon the conviction^, of a conspicuous 
 public life ; yet Mr. Gladstone's change 
 is nothing more than the stirring of a 
 chip in the great flood of opinion which 
 within his time has moved in that 
 direction over almost the whole of 
 Christendom. These thirty years, even 
 the last third of them, have seen some 
 tremendous and successful blows dealt 
 lit ecclesiastical power. The advocates 
 of a godless or at least of a churchless 
 State have been having upon the whole 
 quite the best of it. 
 
 See Italy, the very chief and centre 
 of the Christian Church. When a new 
 " liberal " constitution w^as devised for 
 the Sardinian States in 1848, its first 
 
 article declared "the Apostolic and 
 Roman Catholic Religion " to be " the 
 only religion of the State." Brave 
 words ! But they did not prevent that 
 very State from swallowing up, within 
 a dozen years, not merely the territories 
 of princes who held in fee of the Holy 
 See, but all save the barest remnant 
 of the provinces of the See itself; as 
 if they had not been indeed the pious 
 gift of Ccmstantine; as if the historic 
 decretals were not their title-deeds. 
 And through the whole Italian king- 
 dom, in what plight is the holy " re- 
 ligion of the State " to-day ? With an 
 excommunicated king, imprisoned bish- 
 ops, every rood of church property con- 
 fiscated or " secularized " at a stroke, 
 the regular clergy driven by thousands 
 from their cloistered homes, Waldensian 
 chapels suffered to sprout like fungi 
 all over the peninsula, the standard of 
 the Church upheld only by the devout 
 but irregular men-at-arms that line 
 the highways of the southern half of it. 
 Look at that Austrian Empire, which 
 once was the " Holy Roman." Within 
 three years the concordat with the See, 
 sacred with more than the sanctity of 
 a civil treaty, is abrogated ; all public 
 education wrested from the clergy, and 
 made as secular as Cornell University ; 
 the clerical sanction no longer essential 
 to valid marriage, nor orthodoxy to 
 burial in consecrated ground ; the 
 Protestant Yon Beust, Chancellor and 
 almost Regent of the Empire; and 
 every form of heresy made practically 
 equal before the law to the faith of the 
 fathers and the councils. 
 
 Perhaps in skeptical France little bet- 
 ter was to be looked for : in France, 
 which has always had a loose way of 
 murdering its prophets, from the time 
 when Philip the Fair roasted the Tem- 
 plars ; whose Church has always been 
 less Roman than Galilean ; the note of 
 whose emblematic fowl has these many 
 centuries roused as painful emotions in 
 
18 
 
 Putnam's Magazine. 
 
 [July 
 
 the breasts of Peter's successors as its 
 prototype could in the saint's own 
 bosom ; which with equal hand has 
 doled out to Catholic Church, Protes- 
 tant temple and Jewish synagogue their 
 due proportion of the public revenue, 
 without regard to abstract religious 
 truth. So that it can cause but a mild 
 horror when M. Kouher exclaims, as he 
 did but a few months ago in the Cham- 
 ber of Deputies, that " the entire sep- 
 aration of the Church from the State is 
 but a question of time." ♦ 
 
 Then the subjects even of " Her Most 
 Catholic Majesty" appear to esteem 
 that particular title as lightly as they 
 do the private virtues that have earned 
 for her at the hands of His Holiness 
 the honor of the Golden Rose. "What 
 tittle ecclesiastical property remained 
 from the necessities of successive Most 
 Catholic monarchs seems sure now to 
 be swept into the revolutionary chest ; 
 and what with Bible-importations, pub- 
 lic prayer-meetings, and Sunday-schools, 
 Spain seems entering upon the same 
 career of Free Church infidelity upon 
 which France and Italy have made such 
 vast progress. 
 
 Add to this the late triumph in our 
 American Spain of the same cause, rep- 
 resented by the half-breed republican 
 Juarez, over the church-party of Mira- 
 mon and Maximilian; to say nothing 
 of such scattered incidents as the grad- 
 ual secularizing of the State in the 
 Swiss Cantons, and the protest against 
 a Protestant State- Church, which was 
 emphasized by the disruption of the 
 Scottish Kirk, and we might fairly con- 
 clude, with the ilead of the Church in 
 his recent bull convoking the Council 
 General of the Vatican, that the uni- 
 versal separation of the Church from 
 civil government is at hand. 
 
 — " We might conclude." But if it 
 were permitted to hold, with the Port- 
 Boyalists, that the Pope's infallibility 
 does not extend to matters of fact, it 
 wc uld be easy to show that His Holi- 
 ness has been misled by changes which 
 for the most part are limited to the re- 
 gions nearest to the Vatican. Here in 
 this Western empire, and especially in 
 
 the great commonwealth in which this 
 Magazine is published, the old State- 
 Church problem is receiving a new so- 
 lution, under new conditions. The ex- 
 periments of an irreligious State, to 
 which there is so strong a tendency in 
 many countries to resort, has been thor- 
 oughly tried here. It succeeded to all 
 manner of Establishments — to a Dutch 
 Calvin istic State in New York, to a Con- 
 gregationalist State in Massachusetts 
 and Connecticut, to an English Episco- 
 palian State in Virginia, to a Spanish 
 Catholic in Florida, and it has been 
 somewhat widely regarded as a failure. 
 In fact, many of the upholders of the 
 old Establishments have never frankly 
 acquiesced in their displacement. Many 
 good reasons will be given you to-day 
 by old citizens of Connecticut, in favor 
 of the obsolete law by which every resi- 
 dent was bound to contribute to the 
 support of the Congregational Church 
 in his parish, prima facie, and until he 
 could show that some other body had 
 a better right to him. And to this day 
 public opinion in New Hamspshire has 
 not been brought to abolish that badge 
 of ecclesiasticism in its constitution 
 which requires the officers of the State 
 to be " of the Protestant religion." 
 
 If, then, we were really called upon, 
 here and to-day, to argue that the State 
 ought to " profess religion," to main- 
 tain a Church, and to " belong " to it, 
 we need not explore far from our front- 
 doors to find our arguments. Certain- 
 ly plenty of them can be got from good 
 Yankees and good Protestants; and 
 early among them we should call upon 
 that body of single-minded clergy and 
 laymen w^ho met in Philadelphia lately, 
 to heal our political disorders and es- 
 tablish the Deity upon a sound basis 
 by getting a recognition of him inserted 
 into the Federal Constitution. But 
 whatever may be the speculative interest 
 of this question, it is for us no longer a 
 practical one. Circumstances, and the 
 management of adroit churchmen and 
 judicious statesmen have saved our ex- 
 citable public the agitation of a pro- 
 tracted controversy upon the subject. 
 That impartial old croupier, our Des- 
 
1869.] 
 
 Otje Established Ohuech. 
 
 19 
 
 tiny, lias ceased liis droning invitation 
 to us, " Faites voire jeu. Messieurs^ The 
 wheel has turned : " le jeu est fait; " 
 and almost before we guessed what was 
 at stake, we find ready to our hand, 
 and not yet too heavy on our neck, Our 
 Established Church. 
 
 Recognizing, then, the just limitation 
 of inquiry in the settlement of all ques- 
 tions in regard to the expediency of an 
 Establishment ; recognizing also the 
 probable advantages there are in accom- 
 plishing great public events in the quiet 
 way in which this has been effected, it 
 may be worth while to take a strictly 
 historical and practical view of our Es- 
 tablishment; what it is, and how it 
 came. 
 
 Here, then, in this commonwealth of 
 five million souls, the ancient Church 
 acknowledging the jurisdiction of the 
 Roman See, while it owns its duty of 
 caring for the whole people, claims from 
 one and a half to three millions within 
 its own immediate pale. Its sacerdotal 
 or clerical body, including under that 
 title the fraternities and sisterhoods de- 
 voted to whatever work of charity or 
 instruction, numbers not far from two 
 thousand, absolved from all secular and 
 domestic cares, consecrated to the sole 
 service of the Church and of religion, 
 organized in a true and stringent hier- 
 archy which is moved like a splendid 
 mechanism by the touch of the Primate 
 at New York. The surface of the State 
 is mapped out into nearly seven hun- 
 dred parishes, comprised in the arch- 
 diocese of New York, and the dioceses 
 of Brooklyn, Albany, Rochester, and 
 Buffalo. Nor is the parochial organiza- 
 tion of any one of these numerous divi- 
 sions deemed complete until it includes, 
 besides all needful lands, buildings, and 
 equipments for proper religious uses, a 
 whole educational system of free-schools 
 for boys and girls, and select schools for 
 such as can pay a price for a better 
 commodity, sufl3.cient in capacity, if not 
 in excellence, to enable the entire Cath- 
 olic population to dispense with such 
 provision as the State may make for 
 the instruction of youth. Into these 
 schools are gathered, for an education 
 VOL. IV. — 51 
 
 at least untainted by the reading of tlie 
 Protestant Bible, not many less than a 
 hundred thousand children. Of institu- 
 tions of a higher order, whether for edu- 
 cational, benevolent, sanatory, or strict- 
 ly religious purposes, whether called 
 asylums, hospitals, colleges, academies, 
 or convents, the number approaches, if 
 it does not pass, one hundred and fifty, 
 many of them established on a vast 
 scale, and endowed with splendid mu- 
 nificence. Of the money value of this 
 enormous landed estate, owned as it is 
 for the most part in fee-simple by one 
 or another of five ecclesiastics imder no 
 accountability for their ownership to 
 any civil tribunal, no computation bet- 
 ter than a conjecture can easily be 
 made. The " Catholic Directory " 
 which has furnished imperfectly the 
 preceding data, is silent, for whatever 
 reason, upon this point. If, however, 
 we consider the great average size of 
 the churches, built as they are for the 
 finest effects of a stately ceremonial, as 
 compared with the mere preaohing- 
 houses of the Protestant sects : the 
 value of the well-chosen building-sites 
 in New York and the other cities, and 
 the immense costliness of the cathedrals 
 and greater churches; if we add in 
 almost every parish, the ground and 
 buildings of the parochial and other 
 schools ; if we roughly guess the value 
 of the Provincial Seminary at Troy, of 
 St. John's College at Fordham, of the 
 Sisters' Academy at Yonkers, of St. 
 Mary's Hospital at Rochester, of St. 
 Patrick's Orphan Asylum on Fifth and 
 Madison Avenues ; we may well assume 
 that $40,000 would be a low average 
 for churches, and $20,000 for other in- 
 stitutions ; and upon siich a basis the 
 aggregate worth of all this property 
 must reach from thirty to fifty millions 
 of dollars. Whether such an endow- 
 ment, exclusive of all sources of annual 
 revenue by public largess or otherwise, 
 is adequate or not for the established 
 Church of a State of five millions, is a 
 question for the future.* 
 
 ♦The total "subvention," in tlie year 1844, to 
 tlie Catholic Church in France (population, 35,000.. 
 000, almost excltLsively Catholic), from the nation- 
 
^0 
 
 PrxNAAi's Magazine. 
 
 [July, 
 
 Such, then, are the numbers, the high 
 organization, the hierarchical force of 
 this great body ; such too, and out of 
 all proportion to the poverty of its 
 members and the recency of its growth, 
 its vast corporate T\'ealth. That tlie 
 Church should grow in numbers was 
 but the plain and direct result of a series 
 of i)hysical causes, — the construction 
 of our great public w^orks, beginning 
 with the Erie Canal, to attract the most 
 faithful children of the Church ; the 
 Irish famine to expel them ; the mis- 
 government of many German States, 
 driving hither their population. Tbat 
 the growing Church should be provided 
 in a reasonable degree with priests, 
 teachers, and places for Church service, 
 in spite of the extreme poverty of most 
 of its members, would have followed 
 from a less earnest zeal than they have 
 commonly shown. But this magnificent 
 expansion of solid wealth out of abject 
 penury calls for some clearer illustration. 
 Perhaps we may add our farthing-can- 
 dle's ray of light. 
 
 Hardly sixty years ago the slender 
 
 nl treasury, departments, and communes -R'as $9,- 
 000,000. 
 
 The entire endowment of the Irish Church, so 
 soon to be disestablished, for a population of near- 
 ly 6,000,000, is valued at £17,000,000, or $35,000,- 
 000 ; which includes, however, in addition to the 
 classes of property mentioned above, the value 
 of certain bountiful sources of revenue, capitalized 
 upon the basis of twenty years' purchase. But 
 the disproportionatety splendid endo-mncnt of 
 the Irish Church has been one of the chief grour.ds 
 of Catholic and dissenting complaint. 
 
 The reports of various charitable institutions to 
 the comptroller of the State, in 1868, show the fol- 
 lowing valuation of property owned by those 
 named, over and above their indebtedness. There 
 is no reason to believe that any of the institutions 
 has over-estimated its own property : 
 
 ri.oman Catholic Orphan Asylum, 
 
 Brooklyn $1 61,231 .43 
 
 Eoman Catholic Orphan Asyhim, 
 
 Xew York. ,..,..., 235,000.00 
 
 St. Joseph's Asylum, New York 127,000.00 
 
 Society for the Protection of Eoman 
 
 Catholic Children, New Yoik.. . . 205,760.09 
 
 St. Maay's Hospital, Rochester 197,912.25 
 
 That agreeable writer, Mr. James Parton, in his 
 sympathetic paper iu the Atlantic Monthly for 
 April, 1SG8, is of the opinion that "Our Eoman 
 Catholic Brethren " own §50,000,000 worth of lands 
 and buildings in the diocese of New York alone. 
 This diocese includes only tbe southern comer of 
 the btate, up to the 42d degree of latitude, and ex- 
 cludes Long Island. Mr, Parton appears to have 
 had access to excellent sources of information. 
 
 Catholic community of the Northern 
 States was deemed important enough 
 to require the services of three bishops, 
 who were thereupon established at Bos- 
 ton, New York, and Philadelphia. But 
 such became, before many years, tlie 
 elfective operation of the physical causes 
 just specified, that when half that time 
 had passed, the number of adult males, 
 of inferior intelligence, but devoted 
 with enthusiasm to the Church, and 
 obedient to its clergy with the docility 
 of an ardent faith, had increased so that 
 their influence upon public afl'airs, un- 
 der a system which allots the same 
 quantity of political jDower to the brut- 
 ish man as to the enlightened, was worth 
 considering. Nor were there wanting 
 managers of public affairs quick to dis- 
 cern the uses of this instrument, if only 
 they might get their hands upon the 
 lever that controlled it. The wa}^ 
 seemed shoit and plain. Of two great 
 parties, one seemed made to attract, 
 without effort and by its very nature, 
 the suffrages of an alien class, of an ab- 
 ject caste, and of a Church largely held 
 in disfavor and apprehension ; for it 
 made ostentatious and sonorous profes- 
 sion of its indifference to all such cir- 
 cumstances as qualifying the one essen- 
 tial fact of humanity. It was rather to 
 the leaders of the other party, which in- 
 cluded great numbers of those who 
 looked askance upon alienage, lowness 
 of degree, and Catholicity, that it 
 seemed needful to win such votes by 
 substantial evidences of good- will. 
 There arose, therefore, a generous com- 
 petition. What Democrats were ready 
 to do, out of the broadness of their 
 avowed principles, for this half-outcast 
 body. Whig managers were eager to do 
 by way of disclaiming the narrow pre- 
 judices confessed by thousands of their 
 followers. If Democrats were content 
 to acquiesce in whatever condition of 
 affairs should be accomplished by the 
 popular wall, Whig statesmen recog- 
 nized the duty of foreseeing the inevi- 
 table, and of assisting it. If all the 
 efforts they put forth to this enO, de- 
 voted and eflective as they were — ^if the 
 relations of subservient amity which tne. 
 
1869.] 
 
 OuE Established Chuech. 
 
 n 
 
 cMef of these prescient managers liad 
 maintained for a generation, through, 
 much contumely, Vvith that eminent 
 prelate who governed the Church in 
 New York — resulted in no great profit 
 to them or their party, it may help to 
 show that an instinctive affinity is 
 stronger than that gratitude which is 
 merely a sense of benefits already con- 
 ferred. 
 
 Xot far from the year 1847, the dili- 
 gent explorer of our amiual statutes 
 will find, almost for the first time, a 
 few donations for charitable purposes 
 quietly stowed away in the depths of 
 the " Act-making appropriations for the 
 support of the government " for the 
 current year. Here and there also be- 
 gin to appear special statutes for like 
 purposes ; as for example, the Act in 
 1849 (chap. 279), appropriating $9,000 
 of money raised by general tax to the 
 Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, in 
 Baffalo. From this point, however, the 
 honorable rivalry of parties was pro- 
 ducing a like result to that which at- 
 tends the not dissimilar emulation of a 
 public auction. The bids rose one above 
 another with a boldness which possibly 
 was not diminished by the fact that 
 the bidders were offering what did not 
 belong to them. From year to year, 
 more and larger benefactions of this 
 class were found necessary to " the sup- 
 port of the government," until in 1866 
 they had multiplied sufficiently to be 
 collected into a district " Charity Bill," 
 which has been annually enacted ever 
 since, as solicitously as if, like the Eng- 
 lish Mutiny Act, all our liberties de- 
 pended upon it. At the same time, and 
 by a movement almost precisely paral- 
 lel, the yearly statute-book has been en- 
 cumbered annually to a greater degree 
 with the enactments which authorize 
 the one for the city of New York, the 
 other for the precisely conterminous 
 county, the levy of such sums as the 
 State deems adequate for municipal 
 government, and which prescribe the 
 general objects for which they may be 
 expended. Exactly in like manner, 
 there begin to be discovered in these 
 ''Tax Levy" biUs, considerably less 
 
 than twenty years ago, the same germs 
 which have fructified so bountifully in 
 the general " Charity Bill " for the State 
 at large. By virtue of the enactment 
 last mentioned the State paid out dar- 
 ing the year 1866, for benefactions un- 
 der religious control, $129,025.49. Of 
 this a Jewish society received §2,484.- 
 32 ; four organizations of the Protestant 
 sects had $2,367.03 ; while the trifling 
 balance of $124,174.14 went to the re- 
 ligious purposes ©f the Establishment. 
 Looking, by way of variety, at the fol- 
 lowing year for data regarding the 
 strictly municipal gifts for like pur- 
 IDoses, we find from the last report of 
 the Comptroller of the city that during 
 1867 there was paid to Catholic eccle- 
 siastical institutions the sum of near 
 $200,000, aside from what may lie hid- 
 den in a vast total of more than a mill- 
 ion, of which the details can be found 
 only in the report of the " Department 
 of Public Charities and Correction." 
 TThile there are other benefactions in 
 the list, hardly any are for objects hav- 
 ing even remotely a religious character, 
 and not one for a sectarian object. And 
 if the proportion thus indicated holds 
 good in the State and civic gratuities 
 of 1868, which exceeds, v;e can hardly 
 say by how much, the princely sum of 
 half a million,* it must be conceded 
 that the Church is in a fair way of ob- 
 taining its own, with, perhaps, a trifle 
 of what others might lay some claim 
 to. 
 
 But these figures do not fully indi- 
 cate the favor with which the Church 
 has been treated by her children in 
 official station, cooperated with as they 
 have been by the well-disposed outside 
 the fold.t The city of New York has 
 certain great corporate possessions, 
 
 * The state Comptroller reports as paid by the 
 State alone last year, to " Orphan Asylums, &c.," 
 $141,328.84, and adds that this sum is exclusive of 
 §201,000 appropriated by the " Charity Bill." 
 
 t It is in view of the constant disposition of our 
 civil Stat-e to deal kindly ar.d even generously by 
 The Church that \re cannot but deprecate, as need- 
 lessly irritating to non-Catholio citizens, and serv- 
 ing no useful purpose to the Church, such utter- 
 ances as the following from the leading Chirreh 
 newspaper of this city. Speaking of a railroad bill 
 lately pending bofpre the New York Legislature, 
 which would have necessitated the cemoval of St. 
 
Putnam's Magazine. 
 
 [July, 
 
 which, if not downright wealth to the 
 owner under the management they have 
 received, contain at least, like Mrs. 
 Thrale's brewery, " tho potentiality of 
 jyealth, beyond the dreams of avarice," 
 50 far as such dreams had expanded in 
 Dr. Johnson's time. Sad stories have 
 ]Kcn hinted from time to time within 
 these few years past, of something like 
 scoundrelism in dealing with and get- 
 Peter's Chui-ch, Barclay Street, the New York 
 Tablet says, in a recent number : 
 
 "We will only say that the first ctone of St. Pe- 
 ter's Church taken down by a railroad would, in 
 our opinion, inaugurate such riots as New York 
 baa not yet seen. This we say by way of solemu 
 warning. Let the speculators try it, and they will 
 find what we say is true. St. Peter's Church on 
 Barclay Street shall not be desecrated. That time- 
 honored fabric must stfmd. If the Catholics of 
 New York cannot protect St. Peter's Church, and 
 preserve it for coming generations of their brethren, 
 they can do nothing. None would deplore more 
 than we any disturbances, or tumult, in this or 
 any other city ; but we say, and say again, that an 
 unnecessary railroad shall not run where the most 
 dear and sacred of sanctuaries stands, while there 
 are Catholics in New York to prevent such a dese- 
 cration." 
 
 Now no one whose memory reaches back to the 
 last year or two of the administration of our late 
 Archbishop will have the hardihood to question 
 the power of the ecclesiastical authorities to sum- 
 mon, at a single word a most ferocious mob, in 
 front of the archiepiscopal palace. And it is not 
 to be doubted that the silent consciousness in the 
 minds of the public and of the authorities, that 
 this tremendous power is held in leash every mo- 
 ment by our ecclesiastical rulers, does its part in 
 securing ready acquiescence in the wishes of the 
 Church. But we point to the unbroken record of 
 public legislation and administration in favor of all 
 Church interests, as an argument for adhering to 
 peaceful processes so long as these accomplish all 
 that every reasonable friend of our Establishment 
 can ask. We plead with our Catholic fellow-citi- 
 zen against the use of needless menaces that only 
 mortify the honorable pride, and exasperate tho 
 feelings of a weaker party. Surely the events of 
 1863, are a sufficient warning that the sensitive 
 feelings of our Catholic public are not to be trifled 
 with ; and those events are not so easily forgotten 
 that the lesson of them requires to be enforced 
 with threats. The power of the mob and the riot, 
 has, perhaps, been providentially placed in the 
 hands of the Church, in this unbelieving time and 
 nation, as the natural substitute for those more 
 spiritual weapons— the interdict and the excommu- 
 nication which seem to have lost something of their 
 ancient virtue. But this power should be held in 
 reserve as the ultima ratio of the Church. There 
 can be no good, and may be great harm, in thus 
 drawing it unnecessarily from the armory of tho 
 Church, and brandishing it in the face of an un- 
 offending and compliant public. The idea, in the 
 present case, that a railroad ring, however wealthy 
 and adroit, could stand up, in the Albany lobby, 
 against the influence of the ISstablished clergy, is 
 too absurd for comment. 
 
 ting rid of these vast properties, — the 
 ferries, docks, markets, and various 
 blocks and tracts of land,^-on the part 
 of the New York government. It is 
 not for us to sit in judgment upon those 
 functionaries, nor to conjecture how 
 much of the municipal property, so far 
 from having stolen, they have, with the 
 high virtue of those who let not their 
 left hand know what their right hand 
 doeth — who " do good by stealth, and 
 blush to find it fame " — quietly devoted 
 to the pious uses of the Church. But 
 the last Comptroller's report contains, 
 with regard to certain of the real estate 
 which yet remains on the island of Man- 
 hattan, some interesting avowals, by 
 which the city government is willing to 
 let its light so shine before men that 
 they may see its works, and glorify its 
 father, which is — ^no matter where. In 
 the schedule of city property subject to 
 payment of ground-rent (pp. 166-169,) 
 we find that the premises on " 51st Street 
 and Lexington Avenue" are leased to 
 the (Catholic) Nursery and Child's 
 Hospital ; that the lease is dated April 
 1, 1857, is perpetual, and for the annual 
 rent of One Dollar, which was three 
 years in arrear. That the property on 
 " 81st and 83d Streets and Ma(ison 
 Avenue " is leased to the " Sisters of 
 Mercy ; " that the lease (the date of 
 which is not given), is perpetual, and 
 the annual rent One Dollar, which, 
 however, had been paid until within 
 two years of the report. That the land 
 on " 51st and 52d Streets, Fourth and 
 Fifth Avenues," was leased April 1, 
 1857, to "The Koman Catholic Orphan 
 Asylum," perpetuall/y, for the annual 
 rent of One Dollar. This sum, how- 
 ever, it is gratifying to observe, has 
 been fully paid to the end of 1867. 
 
 Upon some part of this property, or 
 upon another tract held by a like title 
 and upon similar terms, is in course of 
 erection the new St. Patrick's Cathe- 
 dral, which is intended to be worthy 
 of its proud rank of metropolitan 
 church of this great commonwealth.* 
 
 ♦ It is pleasant to find Mr. Parton, in the Atlari' 
 tic for April, 1868, extolling the foresight of the 
 late Archbishop Hughes in buying this tract at a 
 
1869.] 
 
 OuE Established Chttroh. 
 
 23 
 
 From estimates of those competent to 
 appraise land in New York, it appears 
 that these blocks alone are worth not 
 less than $3,000,000.* It may be con- 
 cluded, therefore, that the city would 
 get the worth of this property, if it ap- 
 plied every payment upon the principal, 
 asking nothing for interest, in about 
 one million years. 
 
 Thus increasingly munificent in their 
 provision for the maintenance of a 
 church-establishment have been the rul- 
 ers of an American State, during a gen- 
 eration noted for the fiercest onslaughts, 
 in other lands, upon the sacred institu- 
 tions of antiquity, and in which scoff'ers 
 have pretended to discover more " spir- 
 itual wickedness " than pure spiritual- 
 ity in the "high places" of politics. 
 In so extraordinary a ratio, too, has 
 this devout allotment of the public 
 revenues increased, that what in 1849 
 was but about $13,000 and that given 
 but grudgingly, is grown to not far 
 from $500,000, in 1868, bestowed with 
 the frank generosity of those who give 
 of others' goods. If some crabbed rus- 
 tic, the slowness of whose toilsome gains 
 begets a narrow curiosity concerning the 
 manner of disposing of them, or whose 
 sectarian jealousy sets him against the 
 Church of the Commonwealth, shall 
 reckon that this rate of increase, far be- 
 yond the increase of the Church, will 
 bring the annual gift to $40,000,000 in 
 1918, and to $80,000,000 in 1968, we 
 need only smile at his hedge-philoso- 
 phy. It is quite enough that these 
 benefactions should continue upon the 
 scale they have now reached for a few 
 years longer. Every year the Church 
 gains upon the sects. The generation 
 in which we are proud to be numbered, 
 assumes the burden of the ages. When 
 om- children are men and women, the 
 State, perhaps, will have done giving 
 to the Church ; perhaj^s it will have be- 
 
 time when other ptircliasevB would not. But a 
 willingness to risk one dollar a year for a block of 
 iots on Fifth. Avenne, any time within fifteen 
 years, could hardly have "been deemed a wild pas- 
 sion for speculation. 
 
 The article referred to, and its successor in the 
 Atlantic for May, we may be permitted to cite pas- 
 fim, as pieces justijicatives for this paper. 
 
 * Prdbabli/ this is much below the present value. 
 
 gun soliciting from the Chitrch instead. 
 And the wild reaction of irreligion 
 which seems to be sweeping on as it 
 has before over Christendom — the spirit 
 which at different times has driven 
 even from every Catholic country the 
 Society of Jesus itself — should it then 
 reach this favored commonwealth, will 
 find the Church with all its agencies, 
 too strongly entrenched in the benefac- 
 tions of these years to be dislodged. 
 
 No State-Church, it may fairly be 
 said, fulfils the whole duty of its posi- 
 tion, which fails to grasp and superin- 
 tend the whole system of education. 
 No graver charge can be brought 
 against the Church of Ireland or the 
 Church of England than that with the 
 enormous means at their disposal, they 
 have suffered such vast populations to 
 be born, grow old, and die, in the dead- 
 ly darkness of ignorance that envelops 
 them from the cradle to the coffin. The 
 Church of New York, however its ene- 
 mies may malign it, will be free from 
 this sin. So far has it been conscious 
 of the duty, that it has not been con- 
 tent that the thing was done, unless 
 done by itself. The State was manag- 
 ing the matter in its own rude way. 
 Pretending, it is true, to exclude sec- 
 tarian teachings, it yet required the 
 Bible, which, when unaccompanied by 
 suitable comments, is confessedly a sec- 
 tarian book, to be read in its schools. 
 No better proof was needed that the 
 Church could not abdicate its duty. 
 Its efforts were, therefore, two-fold. It 
 sought to exclude sectarianism from 
 the public schools; it sought also to 
 make schools of its own which should 
 compete with the public ones, be main- 
 tained with the public money without 
 being responsible to the public, and in 
 time render the State schools superflu- 
 ous. That it does not lose sight of the 
 former object in the vast success of the 
 latter may be seen by observing the 
 names of candidates, at every municipal 
 election, for the Board of Education. 
 If an inborn reserve has kept back from 
 other positions the Celtic adherents of 
 the dominant faith, duty or skillful or- 
 ganization crowds them into these can- 
 
24 
 
 Putnam's Ma&azine. 
 
 [Jnly, 
 
 didacics, if possible upon both the op- 
 posing tickets. But the grand and 
 ultimate object of its eftbrts is to make 
 schools of its own which shall crowd 
 out by degrees the public schools, until 
 the universality, which is the sole justi- 
 fication of the present scheme of public 
 education, shall palpably appear a mere 
 pretence of which common honesty must 
 demand the suppression ; and in this 
 object, dearest to the Church's heart, 
 she has received the most efficient aid 
 from aliens, and even from enemies. 
 The frantic Protestantism which, when 
 Protestants were stronger than now and 
 Catholics fewer, screamed itself hoarse 
 with demands that the schools should 
 bs Protestant or nothing, because Pro- 
 testantism was right and " Eomanism " 
 was wrong, and because it was the duty 
 of the majority to educate according to 
 its convictions, has furnished all the ar- 
 guments the Church can ask for, now 
 that it is about attaining its majority, 
 for demanding that the common schools 
 shall be Catholic or nothing. And when 
 that point is reached, if discussion shall 
 be in order, the mouths of the ultra 
 Protestants at least will be stopped 
 with their own hot words. Nor did 
 they less, when the combat was first 
 opening, furnish the occasion for the 
 aspiring politicians, of whom we have 
 already spoken, to concede in the name 
 of fairness and equity the preliminary 
 requirements of the Catholics. That 
 illustrious Whig w^ho maintained per 
 tot discrimina the serenity of his friend- 
 ship with the Archbishop of IsTew 
 York, little as the Archbishop could 
 perusade his friends to vote for Whig 
 candidates, deserves the honor of having 
 led the slow movement of events. If 
 they have ipached his early advance 
 only after the lapse of thirty years, they 
 have yet followed him as truly as the 
 ultimate overthrow of the rebellion suc- 
 ceeded, after four years, his famous and 
 successive predictions that it was to 
 come " in ninety days." 
 
 In the annual Message, which ush- 
 ered in the year 1839, Governor Seward 
 is found speaking with great tender- 
 ness of our fellow-citizens of foreign 
 
 birth. " We must secure to them," be 
 says, " as largely as we ourselves enjoy, 
 the immunities of religious worship. 
 And we should act no less wisely for our- 
 selves, than generously toward them, 
 by estabUsliing schools in which their chil- 
 dren shall enjoy advantages of education 
 equal to our own, with free toleration 
 Ol tJieir peculiar creeds and instructions.'''' 
 If the hardness of his people's hearts in 
 1839 forbade their acting at once upon 
 counsel that was too " advanced " for 
 them, he was not dissuaded from re- 
 peating it in the Message of 1840. 
 "The children of foreigners * * * 
 are too often deprived of the advan- 
 t%es of our system of public education, 
 in consequence of prejudices arising 
 from difference of language or religion. 
 * * * I do not hesitate, therefore, to 
 recommend the establishment of schools 
 in which they may be instructed by 
 teachers speaking the same language 
 with themselves and professing the same 
 faith. * 'i' * Occasions seldom of- 
 fer for a trial of our magnanimity by 
 committing that trust [of education] to 
 persons differing from ourselves in lan- 
 guage or religion." As magnanimity is 
 a virtue of the powerful, it may safely 
 be said that there will be even less fre- 
 quent occasion henceforth than when 
 Mr. Seward was Governor, for its exer- 
 cise by the Protestants of New York. 
 
 In 1841 and 1842, it is evident from 
 the tones of the Messages that the pub- 
 lic had shown itself unworthy of such 
 a leader. The rhetorical fervor which 
 distinguished even those early State- 
 papers of the since renowned Premier, 
 glows and coruscates as before from be- 
 ginning to end, through facts and fig- 
 ures, statements of finance, canals, and 
 commerce, the past, the j)resent, and the 
 future ; but the easy confidence of man- 
 ner is wanting in the paragraphs which 
 relate to the establishment of Roman 
 Catholic schools. At great length the 
 good Governor deprecates the criticism 
 which he has evidently incurred, and 
 defends his innocent proposal against 
 what seem to have be§n violent attacks. 
 He had suggested nothing worse than 
 " employing for their instruction teach-. 
 
1869.] 
 
 Our Established Ohuech. 
 
 35 
 
 ers, who, from their relations toward 
 them, might be expected to secure their 
 confidence." For himself, he "in- 
 dulged no apprehensions from the influ- 
 ence of any language or creed among 
 an enlightened people." "To me (he 
 continues), the most interesting of all 
 our republican institutions is the Com- 
 mon School. I seek not to disturb, in 
 any manner, its peaceful and assiduous 
 exercises, and, least of all, with conten- 
 tions about faith or forms." 
 
 To what degree this vehement effort 
 of the Church, with such helpers as 
 these to become independent of State 
 education, has hitherto been successful, 
 may be judged from the data already 
 given, as well as from the stately edi- 
 fices which in the parishes of every city, 
 rival or surpass the grandeur of the 
 State's school-houses. Nor does the 
 Church longer stand, as once it did, in 
 the attitude (well as the attitude be- 
 comes Christ's poor), of a mendicant at 
 the door of the State-House, asking for 
 gratuities toward the support of its 
 separate schools. It has already estab- 
 lished by action in the Supreme Court 
 the clear legal right of its orphan asy- 
 lums, numerous as they are, and lib- 
 eral as they are in the degree of be- 
 reavement required for admission to 
 their scholastic privileges, to an equal 
 participation in all moneys raised by 
 taxation for school purposes in the 
 State, in proportion to their number 
 of pupils.* It remains to be seen 
 whether so baleful a result wiU ensue 
 from this recent decision as was pro- 
 duced in Louisiana many years ago 
 by a humane enactment forbidding the 
 separation of slave children under five 
 years of age from' their parents. The 
 number of colored orphans of lesh than 
 that tender age daily advertised for 
 sale in the New Orleans papers was 
 such as might have appalled a humani- 
 tarian who did not know the state of 
 the law. 
 
 Thus having begun with the demand 
 that public schools be made rigorously 
 secular ; having then obtained that sec- 
 
 * St. Patrick'' s Orphan Asylum vs. Jioard of Ed- 
 vjcaiion, Rochester. 
 
 tarian schools be supported by the State, 
 the only remaining step toward com- 
 plete ecclesiasticism in education ia 
 now vehemently urged, that all secular 
 schools shall be abolished as mere sem- 
 inaries of atheism. Then, and then 
 only, in the view of The Catholic World, 
 for May, 1888, will public education be 
 put upon its true ground ; * the ground 
 upon which so much has been done foi 
 universal education in Italy and Spain, 
 and from which that service has been 
 lately dislodged with violence in Aus- 
 tria and France. The demand here, in 
 short, is exactly what it is in Ireland, 
 where, as well as here, a timid Protes- 
 tant minority is trying to make what 
 terms it can. What some one says of 
 the attitude of the Irish Catholic bish- 
 ops toward Mr. Gladstone and his min- 
 istry, might be said as correctly of the 
 position of our New York Church. 
 " The educational question is still plain- 
 ly one of the rocks ahead, as the bish- 
 ops insist on the public schools being 
 divided amongst the different religious 
 denominations, or, at all events, on 
 having a certain proportion of them, or 
 of the educational funds, handed over 
 to the Catholic clergy ; in other words, 
 they seek what they seek here, and 
 would like to get everywhere, but what 
 every government in Europe, even in 
 Catholic countries, now denies them," 
 
 Nor is the step a long or a difficult 
 one which separates the actual condi- 
 tion of affairs from the one longed for 
 as an ultimate settlement. Even while 
 we write, the Bill which shall do the 
 business, having been maturely consid- 
 ered by the Committee of the Senate on 
 " Charitable and Religious Societies," 
 has been reported favorably to that 
 body. Its first section, which contains 
 its substance is a simple provision that 
 " Whenever there shall be or has been 
 established and maintained in any city 
 of this State any free school or schools 
 in which not lees than two hundred 
 children have been or are taught and 
 educated gratuitously it shall be the 
 
 ♦ See also an article in the American Educational 
 Monthly, for Jimaary, 1869, on '* Tta Oitholic Yle^y 
 of Eduoation in the United Statea." 
 
26 
 
 Putnam's Magazine. 
 
 [July, 
 
 duty of such city or of the Board of 
 Supervisors of the county of which such 
 city is a wliole or a part, to make pro- 
 vision from year to year for the ex- 
 penses of such school or schools." 
 
 It is not as deep as a well, nor as wide 
 as a door ; but it is enough. Only let 
 it pass, an(;l what the Church asks for 
 in vain in Ireland, what it has had 
 wrested from it in Austria and Italy, it 
 will have once and forever in New 
 York. Perhaps it will not pass — at 
 this session ; but the Church can bide 
 her time. In some not distant year 
 parties may not be so adjusted in the 
 Legislature as now. When the day 
 comes it may well be believed that the 
 discrimination which provided in the 
 last Senate that this particular commit- 
 tee should contain a majority of Cath- 
 olics, small as was their minority in the 
 Senate ; which has provided in the pres- 
 ent Senate that a majority should be 
 made up of Catholics and certain allies 
 of the Protestant name who are ready to 
 maintain the great system of Catholic 
 schools by public largess, on condition 
 that their own little scheme of sectarian 
 education may nibble at the crumbs that 
 fall from their master's table ; that such 
 discrimination will see that the inter- 
 ests of religion are cared for. And 
 whatever may be the difficulty and ex- 
 pense of passing the bill, it will be 
 harder yet to repeal it. 
 
 It might, perhaps, be worth while, if 
 any one should prefer mere superficial 
 or external signs of supremacy, to notice 
 a few such as may be found in the city 
 of New York itself. Not manj a State- 
 Church in the present age imposes the 
 test of membership as a condition to 
 holding civil office. The Church in 
 Austria does not ; in England it has not 
 for forty years ; in France not for 
 eighty. It does not yet in New York. 
 How near it comes to it may be partly 
 guessed by any one who will look over 
 a list of New York elective officers with 
 the discrimmating sense of him who 
 '' knew the stranger was an American 
 from his name, O'Flaherty." If the in- 
 ference from nationality should be 
 deemed illusive, because not all Irish- 
 
 men are Catholics, let it be remembered 
 that the Catholics who are not Irish 
 will far more than make such an error 
 good. Such researches would show a 
 judiciary adorned with the names of 
 Shandley, Conolly, Hogan, and Dennis 
 Quinn, and would lead us into very 
 green fields of nomenclature ; but some 
 one else has prepared, from better data 
 than mere names, the following summary 
 of Irish office-holders as they were at 
 the end of 1868 : 
 
 Sheriff, 
 
 Register, 
 
 Comptroller, 
 
 City Chamberlain, 
 
 Corporation Counsel, 
 
 Police Commissioner, 
 
 President of the Croton Board, 
 
 Acting Mayor and President of the 
 Board of Aldermen, 
 
 President of the Board of Comicil- 
 men. 
 
 Clerk of the Common Council, 
 
 Clerk of the Board of Councilmen, 
 
 President of the Board of Supervi- 
 sors, 
 
 Five Justices of the Courts of Record, 
 
 All the Civil Justices, 
 
 All but two of the Police Justices, 
 
 All the Police Court Clerks, 
 
 Three out of four Coroners, 
 
 Two Members of Congress, 
 
 Three out of five State Senatoi-s, 
 
 Eighteen out of twenty-one Members 
 of Assembly, 
 
 Fourteen-nineteenths of the Common 
 Council, and 
 
 Eight-tenths of the Supervisors. 
 
 Nor would even a tabular statement 
 of office-holders, however complete, ful- 
 ly illustrate the influence of Our Church 
 upon politics, imless it could include 
 also all those non-Catholic officers or 
 candid£ttes, from Justices of the Supreme 
 Court down — or up — who find it to 
 theii' interest to be liberal contributors 
 to Catholic charities or building- 
 funds, or promptly-paying pew-owners 
 in one or more Catholic churches.* So 
 far does the Church permit its favorite 
 
 • '* Our Roman Catholic Brethren,'' who fur- 
 nished Mr. Parton with his data, have slily men- 
 tioned to him this source of support. See his pai)ers. 
 
1869.] 
 
 OuE Established Chxjech. 
 
 27 
 
 dogma of justification by works to ex- 
 tend, even to those whose words frankly 
 deny the faith. 
 
 Nor do the officers of this great mu- 
 nicipality, whether of the Church, or 
 merely chosen by the Church trusting 
 in their fidelity, fail in any way to ad- 
 minister its affairs entirely to the 
 Church's satisfaction. We have seen 
 already something of the open -handed- 
 ness which has bestowed millions in 
 value of the best lands belonging to the 
 city in perpetuity upon the dominant 
 Church. Not less faithfully are the 
 minor details of civic government con- 
 ducted in recognition of the broad 
 space which separates the sects from 
 the Establishment. The Mayor, Alder- 
 men, and Common Council might, in- 
 deed, be grieved, should Dr. Adams of 
 Madison Square, or Bishop Potter, or 
 Dr. Thompson of the Tabernacle, yield 
 to our common destiny ; but their offi- 
 cial tears may flow only upon such an 
 occasion as Archbishop Hughes' death ; 
 his funeral only may be graced by the 
 corporate presence, in countless car- 
 riages, with rich profusion of gloves 
 and scarfs. They might well be pleased, 
 should a new Trinity, or a new Church 
 of the Covenant, prepare to raise its 
 graceful outlines in grander proportions, 
 in some new quarter ; but their cere- 
 monial joy may only be expressed by 
 their presence when the corner-stone of 
 St. Patrick's Cathedral is laid upon soil 
 which the city has granted for the pur- 
 pose. As our rulers desire still to be 
 tolerant, the sects of dissent may yet 
 find their way to their temples, in such 
 quiet as the streets may chance to afford 
 them ; but to those of the Establish- 
 ment alone can it be pennitted to cover 
 the pavements of a Sunday with the 
 dense processions and the crasliing 
 brazen music of an ecclesiastical cere- 
 mony, closing the most public thor- 
 oughfares to other circulation, forbid- 
 ding access to other churches that hap- 
 pen to be upon the route, and suspend- 
 ing, by their clangor and clamor, what- 
 ever services such churches may be en- 
 deavoring to conduct. It is true that 
 by the strict letter of our hitlierto unad- 
 
 justed law such proceedings are not 
 technically permissible — as could, per- 
 haps, be practically ascertained by sta- 
 tioning a brass band at the door of St. 
 Stephen's during high mass, with in- 
 structions to play " Boyne Water " for 
 an hour unless earlier interrupted ; but 
 the authority which is above literal 
 law, is evinced by the squads of uni- 
 formed police which march before the 
 processions of the Establishment, and 
 clear the way of mere travellers. How 
 beautiful was that vindication of the 
 ascendency of religion over worldly 
 interest which was telegraphed over the 
 country on the night of March 17 ! It 
 had been St. Patrick's day, the patron 
 saint of the commonwealth. A train 
 of religious devotees, so long as to re- 
 quire from one to two hours to pass in 
 unbroken column any point, commem- 
 orated the holy day by marching ; and 
 nothing, it was announced, marred the 
 harmony of the occasion but the crime 
 of a carman who sought to cross the 
 enormous line, but was terribly beaten 
 hy the police^ so that this life was de- 
 spaired of. What can have tempted 
 the carman (who should in some way 
 be connected with the Secular Carmen 
 of the old Romans), to his outrage, 
 does not appear from the report of the 
 Associated Press. Perhaps, among the 
 thousands whom this vast column de- 
 tained from their engagement, whether 
 to take a train or a steamer, or to take 
 up a note at bank, or to call a physi- 
 cian, or to reach a death -bed, this 
 worldly-minded man deemed his duty 
 to his load of goods more important 
 than the rest. But the sharp discipline 
 that he incurred may well remind us 
 of the scourging of the money-changers, 
 and forbid us to despair of the republic 
 whose defenders enforce so ethereal a 
 spirituality even in the most tumultu- 
 ous scenes of worldly traffic* 
 
 * They m.inage these things better — or at least 
 differently — in Catholic France. We translate 
 Art. -15 of the Organic Articles of thi Convention 
 [with the Pope] of the 26th Messidor, Year IX. "No 
 religions ceremony shall take place outside of the 
 edifices consecrated to the Catholic worship, in 
 places where there are tcmplos eonsocrated to dif- 
 ferent worships." 
 
PUTX Ail's iirAGAZINE. 
 
 [July, 
 
 Thus, while state-religions have been 
 toppling, and tumbling all over Chris- 
 tendom ; thus, in this nineteenth cen- 
 tury of materialism and rationalism, 
 have the jDeople of this anciently Pro- 
 testant State been settling upon eternal 
 foundations the Holy Catholic Church. 
 Not wilfully or consciously ; "they 
 builded better than they knew." While 
 for the most part they were washing, 
 perhaps, no good to the Church of 
 Rome, trusting, perhaps, to some in- 
 tangible, " spirit of republicanism," or to 
 some imaginary, non-existent constitu- 
 tional safeguard against establish- 
 ments,* they were in fact endowing it 
 with wealth from the public treasury 
 to an amount adequate to its new pro- 
 motion, to be held and administered 
 under circumstances of freedom and ir- 
 responsibility which might be envied in 
 the Vatican itself. In no European 
 country, we say it with some confidence, 
 has the clergy of a Catholic establish- 
 ment its hands more nearly closed upon 
 the whole system of public education 
 than here in New York. Nowhere in 
 Europe is the hierarchy of an establish- 
 ment appointed by the Papal See in 
 such absolute independence of the civil 
 government as here. Even in the ages 
 called " dark," monarchs have preferred 
 long and savage wars to submitting to 
 the appointment of bishops in their 
 own dominions in whose nomination 
 they had no voice, and at this day the 
 w^eakest sovereign would hardly endure 
 it from the boldest Pope. 
 
 But if there is one thing more than 
 another in which the Church in New 
 York may boast itself as favored be- 
 yond its sisters in any Christian land, 
 it is the tenure by which it holds its 
 temporalities — those worldly posses- 
 sions without which a Church might, 
 indeed, be spiiitual, but could hardly 
 sustain its unequal conflict with carnal 
 
 * The Federal Constitution prohibits Covgress 
 alone from making a " law respecting an establisli- 
 ment of religion." The constitution of New York 
 contains no sucli prohibitions, although it seeks to 
 secure '* the free exercise and enjoyment of religious 
 profession and worship, without discrimination or 
 preference." Dissent is similarly protected in 
 most European countries. 
 
 powers. In this tenure of its property, 
 more than in all else, does it find a 
 strong grasp upon its laity, an inde- 
 pendence of civic government which 
 defies interference, and a perpetuity 
 which, distinctly protected as it is by 
 the State law and even by Federal ^Jon- 
 stitution, may laugh at threatv^ned 
 change. Churches before have ])efeu 
 richer ; but their wealth only tempted 
 spoliation by governments. Before 
 Henry YIH., the " dead hand " of eccle- 
 siastical corporations, in spite of mort- 
 main statutes, held half the acres in the 
 kingdom ; but it was seen that a " Re- 
 formation " would be a way of unclasp- 
 ing the hand, and distributing the 
 wealth ; and the " Reformation " came. 
 The Church deemed itself rich enough 
 in France, in 1789 ; in Italy, in 1849. 
 in 1859, even so late as 1866 ; in Spain, 
 in the year just passed. But in all 
 those countries it was possible for the 
 State, convulsed with a great idea and 
 a great necessity, to declare these vast 
 estates to be only entrusted to the 
 Church for the execution of certain 
 public duties of education or religious 
 instruction, and by legislative act to 
 assume at once the duties it judged to 
 have been ill-discharged, and the funds 
 devoted to their exercise. On the other 
 hand, in Massachusetts, the estates 
 which from antiquity had been dedi- 
 cated to the Congregational Churches 
 once by law established, were quietly 
 transferred in hundreds of cases, half a 
 centuiy ago, to the teaching of an op- 
 posite faith, by the simple action of a 
 numerical majority in each parish in 
 favor of the change. 
 
 But against every one of these various 
 forms of assault our church property 
 here is protected by its tenure, the laws 
 of the State, and the Constitution of 
 the United States. There is in each 
 parish a " Religious Society," as it is 
 called in the statutes, with its board of 
 trustees and everything convenient for 
 holding property. But it holds none. 
 It has been a convenience for the pur- 
 jDose of raising money ; it serves still as 
 a convenient executive organization for 
 the performance of certain parochial 
 
1869.] 
 
 Otje Established Chuech. 
 
 29 
 
 business. The owner of the church, its 
 land, its parsonage, its school-houses, 
 and ail its multiform accessories, is 
 the Bishop of the Diocese in which it 
 • stands. Nor must it be fancied that he 
 owns it in an official character, such as 
 that of the " corporations sole " of the 
 English law; or in any legal sense as 
 trustee, expressly or by implication. 
 No freeholder owns his plot of ground 
 more absolutely in his own right, with- 
 out responsibility or liability to account 
 to any man therefor, than John McClos- 
 key owns the church-property in the 
 Arch-diocese of New York, or S. V. 
 Ryan that in the Diocese of Buffalo. 
 It may well be that the long accumulat- 
 ing dimes often thousand believers have 
 bought the ground and reared the 
 splendid structure, while the convey- 
 ance is made to the single ecclesiastic 
 who is overseer of a hundred flocks ; 
 but if no trust be expressed in the 
 grant (and none ever is), none, by our 
 law, can be implied. So far as the laws 
 of this commonwealth affect the case, 
 the owner of these vast estates may to- 
 morrow sell the schools for cotton-fac- 
 tories, the churches for skating-rinks, 
 and invest the j)roceeds in the dry- 
 goods trade. Can a nobler tribute be 
 paid to the fidelity of these prelates, 
 than to cite the fact that the due ad- 
 ministration of these many millions of 
 property depends solely, without the 
 protection of law, upon their personal 
 honor, invigorated by some ecclesias- 
 tical discipline and a little private per- 
 suasion ? 
 
 The simplicity of this tenure may be 
 illustrated by an example of daily oc- 
 currence. A congregation of poor Ger- 
 mans in the western part of this State, 
 having expended $50,000 in buying 
 land and building upon it a large and 
 beautiful churcli, desired to borrow the 
 small balance necessary for its entire 
 completion. Its priest, accordingly^ 
 makes the formal application to a Sav- 
 ings Bank. The abstract of title pre- 
 sented for approval to the legal adviser 
 of the Bank, shows the various parcels 
 composing the tract centreing at last in 
 one John Timon, who is known extrin- 
 
 sically, though nothing on the record 
 shows it, to have been Catholic Bishop 
 of Buffalo. Next appears the will of 
 John Timon, devising all his property 
 to one John Loughlin. So John Lough- 
 lin, who happens to be Bishop of 
 Brooklyn, executes alone a mortgage 
 upon the land and buildings to the 
 Savings Bank ; and no doubt before 
 this has delivered to Timon's succes- 
 sor a quit-claim deed of all his vast 
 estates in western New York, or else 
 has executed a will which, like Bishop 
 Timon's, transfers all his property at 
 his death to some other prelate, and 
 saves it from the doubtful orthodoxy 
 of those who might have been his law- 
 ful heirs. 
 
 We have not spoken of the trifling 
 part in this transaction played by the 
 " trustees " of the corporation. Under 
 the Act of 1863, which is one of the 
 latest steps taken in the legalization of 
 our State hierarchy, the function of 
 trustees so nearly disappears, that it 
 may safely be eliminated from the argu- 
 ment. 
 
 When we mention that provision of 
 th@ organic law of the United States 
 (Art. 1, Sec. 10, subd. 1,) which pro- 
 hibits the interference with rights 
 which have accrued under such ar- 
 rangements as these, it becomes evident 
 that the Church has nothing to fear 
 either from wild spoliation as under 
 Henry VIII., or from disestablishment 
 on grounds of expediency as in the 
 countries just named. Until a revolu- 
 tion which shall shatter the defences 
 of the national Constitution, no earthly 
 sovereignty has power to lay a finger 
 upon her splendid endowments ; while 
 her security against the insidious 
 growth of heresy within her fold, 
 against such internal change as in Mas- 
 sachusetts made the ancient churches 
 Unitarian, and in Ncav York has made 
 so many Congregational churches Pres- 
 byterian, is no less complete. As the 
 parish owns nothing, the majority or 
 the totality of the parish can be of no 
 more avail in directing the use of 
 church property than the fly 'that buzz- 
 es about the altar-candles. Outsiders, 
 
Putnam's Magazine. 
 
 [July, 
 
 tain interest at such an insurrection 
 against Episcopal authority as took 
 place the other day at Auburn. But 
 how can the result of such conflictB, 
 however violent or prolonged, be other 
 than it has already been in that " Holy 
 Family" Church — now once more a 
 Happy Family — submission and obe- 
 dience ? * 
 
 Since the main question seems to be 
 settled upon this basis, it may naturally 
 be asked, in the language of a New 
 York ecclesiastic to some earnest Pro- 
 testant who had murmured against the 
 actual state of things, " What do yon 
 propose to do about it ? " Clearly, 
 every citizen, whether he fancies it or 
 not, is bound to ask himself the ques- 
 tion, and to find an answer. We do 
 not seek to supply the answer. We 
 ■would barely suggest that many things 
 yet remain, in our institutions, usages, 
 and laws, that are the product of a dif- 
 ferent state of things and are incongru- 
 ous with the present, and need modi- 
 fication and adjustment to fit the change 
 of circumstances. Whether it might 
 be worth while, in the absence of any 
 existing power having the interest and 
 the ability to counter-balance the power 
 of the Church — one of the greatest and 
 most useful labors of monarchs in every 
 other Christian land — to set up some 
 
 * The inhabitants of a certain French rural com- 
 mune, not many years ago, from Catholics became 
 for the most part, by a common movement, Pro- 
 testants. The church-property was at once trans- 
 ferred to them by the government, for Protestant 
 service. Whatever change of opinion might oc- 
 cur in New York, the church might defy such 
 an outrage against its rights of property. But if 
 a Pro+estant congregation should (or a majority 
 of it), turn Catholic, the transfer would be easy 
 and rapid. 
 
 other sovereignty than that of the im- 
 personal "people," is a question upon 
 which our friends of the " Imperialist " 
 newspaper, and very likely a good 
 many zealous Protestants, might hold ' 
 the afl5rmative. Our own judgment 
 would be that it is too late for any 
 such expedient ; and our only sugges- 
 tions would relate to minor matters. 
 It would no doubt be suitable, for ex- 
 ample, if not necessary, that the su- 
 premacy of the Church should be recog- 
 nized in our legal holidays. It would 
 not be difficult to observe the 17th of 
 March, dear as it is to the heart of New 
 York, and cease the cold and perfunc- 
 tory celebration of the 22d of February. 
 It is already demanded that the State 
 and National Thanksgiving shall be 
 annually appointed for the 8th of De- 
 cember, which is the Feast of the " Im- 
 maculate Conception of the Blessed 
 Virgin Mary," being " the Patronal 
 Feast of the United States." Such 
 things may be trifles ; but difference in 
 trifles produces discord ; and discord 
 is enmity and war. " A house divided 
 against itself cannot stand." Even 
 those who find it impossible to reconcile 
 themselves to the new order of things as 
 desirable, may yet see the necessity of 
 deferring to it as actual and irreversi- 
 ble. While one large class of our citi- 
 zens is rejoicing over the momentous 
 but peaceful revolution of which we 
 have been the dispassionate historian, 
 can the other and dissatisfied class do 
 better than lay to their own hearts the 
 advice which they have lavished upon 
 the subjugated citizens of the rebellious 
 States, and since the change is an ac- 
 complished fact, accommodate them- 
 selves with alacrity to their new rela- 
 tions, and make the best of it ? 
 
POSTSCRIPT. 
 
 Since this article was printed, a more diligent examination of the " Tax Levy Bills " for 
 the city of New York, just passed by the State Legislature, discovers a provision for further 
 aid to the Established Church of New York, which calls forth, from the friends of the Catho- 
 lic religion, the most devout gratitude to the Providence that guides and overrules the move- 
 ments of legislative bodies, but which has excited, among the enemies of the Church, an 
 amount of vain rage and gnashing of teeth which it is painful to contemplate. A conscious- 
 ness of the strength of their position, however, enables our State Clergy, in peaceful disre- 
 gard of this foolish clamor, serenely to draw on the treasury for these truly magnificent 
 donations, and sing the quare ft'emuerunt gentes. The provision is in the form of a clause 
 providing for the distribution among certain private schools in this city of a portion of the 
 general school-moneys which will amount, it is estimated, to a quarter of a million or more. 
 It is understood that among the schools thus handsomely provided for, there is but an insig- 
 nificant number that are not *' sound upon " what is coming to be considered " the main 
 question." This munificence o'ccurred in " the tail of the session," as the most important 
 part of the legislative term is called. There are those who, in their paltry sectarian jealousy 
 at this noble act of religious generosity on the part of our imperial State, do not blush to 
 way that if it had come to light earlier in the session, it would have been prevented from 
 passing. That this danger should have been escaped, and that this important measure 
 should, so to speak, have dropped into the legislature just at the only moment when it could 
 have passed, is only one in the long chain of wonderful and mysterious providences which 
 have attended the -whole course of legislation, by which the legal establishment and public 
 endowment of religion in our happy commonwealth has been so peacefully effected. 
 
Putnam's Magazine. 
 
 [Dec. 
 
 THE UNESTABLISHED CHURCH. 
 
 An anonymous writer in the July 
 number of this Magazine, in an article 
 on " Our Established Church," -which 
 attracted no little public attention and 
 comment, both favorable and mifavor- 
 able, was suffered to celebrate the Roman 
 Catholic Church as substantially the 
 Church by law established in this State 
 of New York ; to illustrate the munifi- 
 cence of its governmental endowments, 
 and to glorify its quiet political suprem- 
 acy. Admiring, apparently, as well the 
 dazzling successes of that vigorous body 
 in this commonwealth, as the shining 
 qualities and the prudent measures 
 which have achieved success, this pre- 
 suming writer has sought to proclaim 
 upon the house-tops what the Church 
 would fain have continued to enjoy 
 uncriticised in cloistered seclusion. So 
 averse is the apostolic spirit, from 
 Peter, the first Pope, down through 
 Gregory VII. and Innocent III. and Leo 
 X., and all the gentle category, to a 
 bald ostentation where the welfare of 
 the Church is not to be advanced by it, 
 that we might well have guessed that 
 so zealous an advocate was but a vol- 
 unteer whose client would soon step 
 forward into the forum, disclaim his 
 authority, and decline to be concluded 
 by his facts or arguments. 
 
 Precisely this is what has occurred. 
 The Church of which this contributor 
 assumed to write has other ways of 
 expressing itself than through anon- 
 ymous writers in journals not avow- 
 edly Catholic ; and it has promptly and 
 efficiently spoken to disavow the pre- 
 tensions which he has put forth for 
 it, and to denounce him with some por- 
 tion of the severity which he seems to 
 have deserved. "We herein undertake 
 to show, from the highest Catholic 
 authority, how great were the errors of 
 the article entitled " Our Established 
 Church," published in this Magazine last 
 July. We may premjsc, too, that out 
 
 of much concurrent and competing tes- 
 timony, we select our refutation mainly 
 from two sources : (1). The letter which 
 the Bishop of Rochester (we are almost 
 compelled to add in partihus infidelium, 
 from his statement of the position the 
 Church occupies), addressed to a local 
 newspaper, and through it — urM et orbi 
 — to that city and the world ; and 
 (3.) The CatJiolic World for August, in 
 its leading article, entitled, like the 
 paper to which it was a reply, but appar- 
 ently, unlike that, in an ironical spirit, 
 " Our Established Church." The autho- 
 rity of a great ecclesiastical dignitary, 
 like that of the chief magistrate of a 
 State, is too high to need certification 
 from any body ; above all men, a Bishop 
 speaks ex cathedra, even when he sends 
 his pastorals to a printing-office. Nor 
 can the oracular character of The Catho- 
 lic World any more be brought in ques- 
 tion, bearing as it does upon its very 
 cover the imprimatur of the Archbishop 
 and Primate of New York, of the Car- 
 dinal Prefect of the Propaganda, and 
 of His Holiness Pope Pius IX. himself. 
 We shall venture, therefore, after pre- 
 senting from these authorities the con- 
 futation of the article referred to, to pro- 
 ceed to exhibit from the same unques- 
 tionable sources the actual position of 
 the Church of Rome in this country in 
 relation to the sects which surround it 
 and the State in which it exists. 
 
 The more painful part of the duty 
 which we have undertaken — the con- 
 tradiction of actual misstatements of 
 fact- is in a measure relieved by the 
 discovery that, as the result of the very 
 sharp criticism which has been applied 
 to the article in question by so many 
 unfriendly cv'.s, they are discovered to 
 be no more than two, or possibly three, 
 in number, and of no darker enormity 
 than these : 
 
 1. The sitt of the new Cathedral was 
 included, by an error of topography, in 
 
1869.] 
 
 The Unestablished Chueoh. 
 
 the magnificent grants of adjoining 
 property from the city to the Church. 
 
 2. By a like blunder the non-Catholic 
 •'Nursery and Child's Hospital" was 
 confounded with the Catholic Orphan 
 Asylum hard by. 
 
 We decline to admit the plea, which, 
 might be made in behalf of these mis- 
 statements, that the block next north of 
 the Cathedral was the gratuitous gift of 
 the Common Council ; that it is but a 
 step along Fifty-first-street from one to 
 the other of the children's asylums thus 
 referred to ; and that the Catholic one 
 is, in fact, a beneficiaiy in the manner 
 thus charged. Nor shall we admit as 
 extenuation any such straggling para- 
 graphs as this, produced from a late 
 newspaper — 
 
 " The sum of $3,928.84, due for assessment, 
 has been donated by the New York Common 
 Council to St. Patrick's Cathedral." 
 
 — for what ther city does toward build- 
 ing the church does not go to show 
 that it gave the land for it. But with 
 some misgivings lest the case may only 
 be injured by such persistence, we ven- 
 ture to repeat this story about the 
 details of the Orphan Asylum business, 
 to which an air of authenticity is 
 given by the references to the public 
 records. 
 
 It seems, then, according to this story, 
 that in Book " A " of Deeds in the 
 Comptroller's Office, at p. 271, is re- 
 corded a deed, with a " covenant for 
 quiet enjoyment," from " The Mayor, 
 Aldermen, and Commonalty of New 
 York" to " The Eoman Catholic Orphan 
 Asylum Society " (John Hughes, Presi- 
 dent), in that city. The consideration 
 expressed is One Dollar ; the premises 
 are described as bounded north and 
 south by Fifty-second and Fifty-first 
 streets, west by Fifth Avenue (200 feet), 
 and extending easterly from Fifth Ave- 
 nue four hundred and fifty feet ; being 
 a tract of between two and three acres, 
 and containing thirty-six city lots. In- 
 asmuch, however, as the writer now 
 put to the question had never alleged a 
 deed conveying full title to corporation 
 property, but only leases upon rents 
 reserved, we peremptorily object to the 
 
 statement of this instrument as being 
 the introduction of new and irrelevant 
 matter. 
 
 In the same office, however, in the 
 " Book of Special Leases," at p. 134, 
 is recorded a lease of the same date 
 with, the deed just mentioned, by which 
 the grantors in that instrument lease to 
 the same Society the premises bounded 
 by Fifty-first and Fifty-second streets, 
 east by Fourth Avenue, and west by 
 the tract just described, " during the 
 pleasure of the party of the first part 
 and their successors," for the yearly rent 
 of One Dollar. This property is 200 
 feet by 375, or thirty city lots, and is 
 very cheap at a dollar a-year, but for 
 the precarious tenure at the pleasure of 
 the Corporation. This defect, however, 
 which at the worst it was hypercritical 
 to object to, was soon corrected. By 
 resolution of the Common Council, Oc- 
 tober 21, 1857, the Comptroller waa 
 directed to lease the plot to the Society 
 " so long as it shall be occupied for the 
 use of the Asylum," at the same rent of 
 One Dollar a-year. The lease executed 
 in pursuance of this resolution bears 
 date December 31, 1857, and has been 
 on file in the Comptroller's office since 
 May 11, in the year memorable for 
 Orphan Asylums, 1863. 
 
 This particularity, regarding only one, 
 it is true, of the statements in contro- 
 versy, certainly appears plausible. But 
 as we read in The Catholic World (p. 
 583) that " only one such lease, that for 
 the House of Industry for the Sisters 
 of Charity, has been made in this city 
 since 1847," we are forced to conclude 
 that the records are mistaken, thanking 
 that magazine at the same time for the 
 mention of the lease for the " House of 
 Industry," which the article in Putnam 
 had somehow omitted to notice. How 
 many and how serious are the similar 
 omissions, we very likely shall never 
 know ; for the ways in which these 
 things are done are various and in- 
 scrutable ; and many things which an 
 outsider may search for in vain, the 
 authorities of the Church can publish 
 or keep silent, as they choose. 
 
 3. The third and only remaining 
 
34 
 
 Putnam's Magazine. 
 
 [Dec, 
 
 error found in the paper in question, aside 
 from the fundamental and pervading 
 error of declaring the Church lawfully- 
 established and adequately endowed, 
 consists in the statement that the land- 
 ed estate of the Church, valued at fifty 
 millions or more, is owned in great part 
 " by one or another of five ecclesiastics." 
 The Bishop of Rochester avows him- 
 self to be " one of the five . . holding 
 property," and proceeds to add that he 
 holds no property, but that a good deal 
 in his diocese is held instead by another 
 of the five, the Bishop of Brooklyn. 
 We fail to grasp the special importance 
 of this correction ; it is enough that 
 Bishop McQuaid has made it. The 
 additional statement, that the four 
 owners of church property are engaged 
 in transferring it, more or less at their 
 leisure, to the religious societies organ- 
 ized under the Act of 1863, deserves, 
 however, even to our minds, fuller ex- 
 planation ; and the same explanation 
 will serve to show why it was that the 
 successors of the Apostles have been 
 obliged hitherto, like the Apostles them- 
 selves, to add to "the care of all the 
 churches " the charge of their tempo- 
 ralities. 
 
 Before 1863, the law of religious 
 societies in this State was a general 
 one, making no distinction between 
 Catholic, Methodist, or Hicksite Quaker 
 congregations. In all such organiza- 
 tions alike, the parishioners who attend- 
 ed the worship, who paid for the laud, 
 the buildings, and the service, were 
 intrusted with the control of what they 
 paid for. With this arrangement the 
 sectaries, of whatever schism, are still 
 forced to content themselves; but it 
 hardly needs a bishop to explain that 
 it is incompatible with the spirit of the 
 Catholic Church. In 1863, therefore, a 
 year propitious for such enterprises, as 
 this city attested at midsummer, the 
 existing Act was passed (Laws of 1863, 
 chap. 45), applying, by its express 
 terms, only to Roman Catholic congre- 
 gations. It provides that in every 
 parish which chooses to organize under 
 it, the corporate body shall consist of 
 five trustees. These are the Bishop or 
 
 Archbishop of the diocege, the Vicar- 
 General of the diocese, the Pastor of 
 the church, all " for the time beino:," 
 and " by virtue of their offices ; " and 
 two laymen, members of the church, 
 appointed by the other three, and hold- 
 ing their places for one year. The 
 Vicar-General and Pastor may be re- 
 moved and replaced by others, at the 
 will of the Bishop, without a moment's 
 notice ; the two laymen are removable 
 every year, at the option of the other 
 three, or a majority of them. A better 
 arrangement to prevent the evils of 
 divided councils it is diflScult to con- 
 ceive of; nor is it greatly to be wonder- 
 ed at that Bishop McQuaid should be 
 willing, as he says, to put the title to 
 the lots on which he is " building the 
 Bishop's house " "in the name of St. 
 Patrick's Church Society," — of whom, 
 he might add in the sententious manner 
 of Artemas Ward, " I am which." The 
 magnificent structure of hammered 
 stone, in size and splendor, if not in 
 name, a palace, which is fast rising 
 upon those lots, will no doubt be man- 
 aged quite to the satisfaction of its 
 occupant ; and as the Bishop, we un- 
 derstand, notwithstanding what a stran- 
 ger would infer from the extent of his 
 new mansion, is not a man of family, 
 he cannot but be content with the ab- 
 solute control for life of all his estate, 
 and its undisturbed transfer at his death 
 (may it be distant !) to his successor. 
 
 When it is observed, moreover, that 
 the entire process for incorporating any 
 Roman Catholic congregation now or 
 hereafter existing, is, that the three cler- 
 gymen named select their two laymen, 
 that the five sign, acknowledge, and 
 file a certificate showing the name of 
 the proposed body corporate, and that 
 ^'■thereupon such church or congrega- 
 tion " becomes " a body corporate," no 
 other member of the congregation than 
 those two needing to know one word 
 about it until it is done, it becomes 
 easier to understand why bishops, as 
 well as Catholic journals, prefer theii 
 existing conveniences to any " establish- 
 ed " arrangements that have yet been 
 contrived. 
 
1869.] 
 
 The Unestablished Chueoh. 
 
 35 
 
 Having tlius clearly exhibited the 
 errors into which this writer has 
 fallen, it remains only, before setting 
 forth to our readers such positive results 
 as may be collected from the authorities 
 quoted,to complete our demonstration of 
 the main sin of inference and conclusion 
 of which he has been guill:y. The Church 
 of Rome, then, is not by law " establish- 
 ed " in this State, and the writer might 
 have known it without waiting for the 
 sharp admonition of TJie Catholic World, 
 or the Rochester rappings his knuckles 
 have incurred from Episcopal visitation. 
 Not that the fact, upon which that 
 journal insists so strenuously, that the 
 Catholics are only a minor part of the 
 population, has really any thing to do 
 with the question. A church-establish- 
 ment is only the more oppressive where 
 its adherents are but a minority. The 
 Established Church in England is the 
 Church of less than half the people, and 
 is bad enough, God knows; but the 
 same establishment in Ireland was the 
 Church of but a petty fraction, and 
 does not appear to have been the less 
 an establishment for that. The Estab- 
 lished Church is vastly in the minority 
 in Wales ; and from the Scotch Estab- 
 lishment more than half the people are 
 Dissenters. But though the thing may 
 be possible enough, we need at present 
 only confess that it is not actual. A 
 simple reference to the Constitution and 
 the General Statutes of this State 
 would have shown this writer that 
 the word "Established," or "Establish- 
 ment," in connection with the Catholic 
 Church, or the phrases " State Church," 
 or " Religion of the State," are nowhere 
 to be found. With such assurances, 
 then, from such authorities, capped 
 with this final argument, we leave this 
 " sensational writer," whom " even the 
 anti-Catholic Nation has rebuked for 
 his levity," to such comfort as his schis- 
 matic conscience may allow him, for 
 the imposture he has practised upon 
 this Magazine, the Church, and the 
 World. 
 
 Deducing now, from the lectures the 
 Bishop and The Catholic World have 
 read us, such substantial lessons as they 
 
 seem to teach, we find following closely 
 in logical order upon the primary fact 
 that the Church of Rome is not estab- 
 lished here, some measure for determin- 
 ing how much that Church lacks of 
 being even fairly tolerated. So far 
 from having been the object of special 
 favors or lavish benefactions from the 
 governing bodies in the State, its 
 special distinction is found in the op- 
 pressive discrimination with which 
 hitherto Legislatures and Common 
 Councils have withheld from it all but 
 the barest fraction of what equity and 
 equality entitle it to. In establishing a 
 proposition so conflicting with the pre- 
 tensions put forth in the July number, 
 it is not insisted that any part of its 
 statistics of public largess to the Church 
 is incorrect. Esception is taken, indeed, 
 in the following form, to the estimate 
 mentioned below : 
 
 " The Magazine [Putnam's] asserts ' the 
 State paid out, ia 1866, for benefactions under 
 religious control, $129,025.49, ... of which 
 the trifling sum of $124,174.14 went to the 
 religious purposes of the Catholic Church. 
 "We have not been able to find a particle of 
 proof of this, and the mode of reckoning 
 adopted by Putnam is so false, and its general 
 inaccuracy is so great, that in the absence of 
 specific proof we must presume it to be un- 
 true, and made only for a sensational eflfect." 
 
 Now we concede the propriety of dis- 
 crediting a specific statement by alleg- 
 ing that the author is obviously in the 
 habit of saying the thing that is not, 
 and then using the statement thus dis- 
 credited to impugn his general veracity. 
 But since the statement, as we have 
 already said, is not distinctly denied, 
 and as it really will not affect the gen- 
 eral argument, it may do no harm to 
 mention, as the July writer's voucher 
 for his assertion, the Annual Report of 
 the Comptroller of the State for the 
 year 1866, at pp. 71 to 75. And to 
 show that the writer did not, as The 
 Catholic World intimates, mistake such 
 names as " The Five Points Gospel 
 Union Mission," or " The Young Men's 
 Christian Association " as belonging to 
 " Catliolic Institutions," we subjoin 
 the official list of their names and the 
 amounts of their subventions, so that. 
 
36 Pdtnam's Magazine. [Dec, 
 
 the Protestant and Jewish being noted based upon a radical misconcei3tion 
 by italics^ it may be judged in how of the relation of the Catholic Church 
 many instances he has erred in his clas- to all other religious bodies, and of the 
 sification.* comparative relations of that Church 
 But it is not necessary, it seems, to and each of such bodies to the State ; 
 dispute a single item of the contribu- a misconcej^tion, however, largely preva- 
 tor's avowedly fragmentary list of pub- lent without the pale. " In this mat- 
 lie benefactions to the Catholic Church, ter," it soems, " the Protestant mind 
 in order to show with what impious proceeds upon a sad fallacy. . . While 
 cruelty j)oliticians have combined to they call all grants and donations to 
 persecute that Church, to trample it Catholic institutions sectarian, they call 
 under foot, to deprive it of its just none sectarian of all that [are] made 
 rights. Concede that every one of the to Protestant institutions which are 
 legislative and municipal grants alleged not under the control and manage- 
 by the " sensational writer " has really ment of some particular denomination 
 been made; so far from proving favorit- of Protestants; . , but this is a grave 
 ism to the Church, they fall immeasura- error, and cannot fail to mislead the 
 bly short of what that Church is enti- public. All grants and donations made 
 tied to, and what The Catholic World to institutions, charitable or educational, 
 now squarely demands. The whole not under the control and management of 
 estimate of the writer in Putnam is CatTiolics, are made to non- Catholics ; 
 
 * $ 9 93 Eoangelical Lutheran, SL John's Orphan Home, Buffalo. 
 
 3i6 04 Free School of the Academy of the Sacred Heart, ilanhattanville. 
 
 24 62 Le Couteulx, St. Mary's Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Buffalo. 
 
 •500 GO Do., Special Appropriation. 
 
 777 59 Orphan's Home and Asylum of the Protestant Episcopal Church, New York. 
 
 1,304 87 Protestant Half Orplian Asylum, New York. 
 
 2,189 21 Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, Brooklyn, 1S64. 
 
 2,576 74 Boman Catholic Orphan Asylum, Brooklyn, 1855. 
 
 4,340 63 Boman Catholic Orphan Asylum, New York. 
 
 2,505 71 Society for the Protection of Destitute Eoman Catholic Children, New York. 
 
 310 52 St. John's Catholic Orphan Asylum, Utica. 
 
 1,007 48 St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, New York. 
 
 318 90 St. Joseph's ilale Orphan Asylum, Buffalo. 
 
 9 25 St. Joseph's German Eoman Catholic Orphan Asylum, Eochester. 
 
 20 21 St. Mary's Orphan Asylum, Canandaigua. 
 
 89 40 St. Mary's Boys' Orphan Asylum, Eochester. 
 
 423 04 St. Mary's Orphan Asylum, Dunkirk. 
 
 238 75 St. Patrick's Female Orphan Asylum, Rochester. 
 
 180 07 St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylvma, Troy. 
 
 766 63 St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, Albany. 
 
 267 62 St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum, Buffalo. 
 
 104 11 St. Vincent's Infant Asylum, Buffalo. 
 
 213 90 St. Vincent's Male Orphan Asylum, Utica. 
 
 345 51 St. Vincent de Paul Orphan Asylum, Syracuse. 
 
 118 42 The Church Charity Foundation, Brooklyn, 1864. 
 
 156 22 The Church Charily Foundation, Brooklyn, 1865. 
 
 448 72 Troy Catholic Male Orphan Asylum. 
 
 500 00 St. Mary's Orphan Asylima, Clifton. (Special Appropriation.) 
 
 1,000 00 St. Joseph's Male Orphan Asylum, Bufiulo. (Special Appropriation.) 
 
 1,000 00 St. Vincent's Male Orphan Asylum, Utica. (Special Appropriation.) 
 
 8,949 84 Buffalo Hospital, Sisters of Charity. 
 
 1,646 10 Buffalo St. Mary's Lying-in Hospital. 
 
 2,484 32 Jews'' Hospital, and Hebrew Benevolent S^eieiy, New York. 
 
 8,845 14 Eochester St. Mary's Hospital. 
 
 2,000 00 Eochester St. Mary's Hospital. (Additional Special Appropriation.) 
 
 500 00 Providence (E. C.) Lunatic Asylum, Buffalo. 
 
 1,000 00 Buffalo St. Mary's Lying-in Hospital. (Additional Special Appropriation.) 
 
 1,000 00 Church of the Immaculate Conception, New York. 
 
 2,000 00 St. Mary's Church and School, New York. 
 
 1,009 00 St. Bridget's Church School, New York. 
 
 78,500 00 The Society for the protection of Destitute Eoman Catholic Oi-phan CMldreu 
 (Special Donation, Chap. 647, Laws of 1866.) 
 
 $130,025 49 
 
1869.] 
 
 The Unestablished Chtjech. 
 
 37 
 
 and, with the exception of those made 
 to the Hebrews, to Protestant institu- 
 tions. There are but two religions to 
 be counted. Catholic and Protestant.* 
 The true rule is to count on one side 
 whatever is given to institutions under 
 Catholic control and arrangement, and 
 on the other side all that is given for 
 similar purposes to all the institutions, 
 whether public or private^ not under 
 Catholic control and management ; " it 
 being of no consequence, let it be ob- 
 served, whether there is any religious 
 control whatever, whether simple athe- 
 ism or blank indifferentism governs 
 them, or whether they are the ordinary 
 non-religious institutions of the State 
 itself. In all these cases alike they 
 must be treated as Protestant concerns, 
 and the payments to them countervail- 
 ed by corresponding subsidies to the 
 Catholics. Inquiring upon this solid 
 and comprehensible basis, the World 
 finds " that the total of grants made by 
 the State to charitable and other insti- 
 tutions, — ^including the New York In- 
 stitution [for] the Deaf and Dumb, the 
 New York Institution for the Blind, the 
 Society for the Keformation of Juvenile 
 Delinquents of New York, State Agri- 
 cultural College, State Normal School, 
 
 * We trust we shall be pardoned for intruding 
 into the provincs of a theological rather than a 
 litOTary Magazine, by expressing our misgivings 
 lest the use of this argument should prove to be a 
 pokmic mistake on the part of Our Roman Catho- 
 lic Brethren. It maybe very true— we are inclined 
 to think that it is — that there is a substantial re- 
 ligious unity in Protestantism, and that its divis- 
 ions are really analogous to the divisions among 
 Homan Catholics, representing diversity in unity. 
 But then the contrary argument has often been 
 found extremely convenient and effective by Catho- 
 lic disputants— that Catholicism is one, and Pro- 
 testantism a mere jangle of diversities. We have 
 GUT fears lest the position here taken, that Protes<>- 
 antism is not many religions, but one, and Catho- 
 licism another, may involve the loss of a more im- 
 portant position in another part of the defences. 
 
 It may seem absurd in us to teach any thing of 
 the arts of controversy to such notable experts. It 
 is like the rhetorician who lectured Hannibal on 
 the art of war ; or like the youth who attempted to. 
 enlighten an aged relative on the method of get- 
 ting at the contents of an egg through a very slight 
 perforation of the shell. We presume that some 
 way will be suggested of getting over the difla.culty 
 and holding both the opposite positions at once. 
 But suspecting that possibly the difficulty might 
 ha-we been overlooked, we thought no harm in sug- 
 gei^ng it. 
 
 the [State] Western House of Eefuge 
 for Juvenile Delinquents, State Lunatic 
 Asylum, the [State] Asylum for Idiots, 
 the Willard [State] Asylum for the In- 
 sane, academies, orphan asylums, c&c, 
 hospitals, dc, colleges, universities, d;c.. 
 and miscellaneous^ have amounted, tor 
 twenty-one years, ending with 1867, to 
 $6,920,881.91. Of this large amount. 
 Catholics should have received for their 
 institutions certainly not less than one 
 million. Yet all that we have been dbU 
 to find that they have received out of 
 this large sum is a little less than |276,- 
 000 ; that is, not over one fourth of 
 what they were entitled to ; yet Putnam's 
 Magazine has the effrontery to pre- 
 tend that our Church is favored at the 
 expense of Protestantism." No wonder 
 then that Catholics, in the language of 
 the World^ denying that they have 
 " received any thing like their propor- 
 tion," now " demand for their institu- 
 tions their proportion of the subsidies 
 granted," upon the grand and simple 
 basis of computation already laid down. 
 Nor is this demand, founded as it is in 
 equity, and backed by all the moral 
 and material influences which that great 
 body knows so well how to wield at 
 proper moments, one which parties or 
 people can afford to slight. The day 
 of reckoning appears to be come ; the 
 bill is presented for payment ; and the 
 State will have cause for self-gratula- 
 tion if the tremendous footing runs no 
 further back than the twenty-three 
 years which show so grievous a debit 
 side of the account. 
 
 But this, unfortunately for the State, 
 is very far from showing what Signer 
 Mantilini describes as " the denmition 
 total." And it evinces a mature coq- 
 fidence on the part of the Catholic 
 Church in its secure (though unestab- 
 lished) position ; that its avowed and 
 most accredited mouth-piece should be 
 willing to arouse the most sensitive 
 prejudices of all non-Catholic citizens 
 by bringing in already its little bill for 
 the injuries it has suffered from that 
 form of oppression, most dear to the 
 average American, kno^vn as the Com- 
 mon-School System. Hereupon, we 
 
38 
 
 Putnam's Magazine. 
 
 [Dec, 
 
 iiiive two lessons to learn from The 
 Catholic World : First, the measure of 
 compensation necessary to make good 
 the pecmiiary damage to the Church 
 from the inequality of our adminis- 
 tration hitherto ; Second, the form of 
 rearrangement Tvhich the Church now 
 demands, insists upon, and without 
 which it refuses to be at peace with the 
 State. 
 
 After the impressive tabulation we 
 have just repeated, the World goes on : 
 
 " But we have not yet stated the whole case. 
 We do not know how many nuUious are ap^ 
 propriated annually for the support of public 
 schools throughout the State ; but in this city 
 the tax-levy, this year, for the public schools, 
 is, we are told, $3,000,000, or over. Catholics 
 pay their proportion of this amount, and they 
 are a third of the population of the city. . . . 
 TJie public schools are anti-Catholic in their 
 tendency, and none the less sectarian because es- 
 tablished and managed by the public authority 
 of the State. . . We count in the grants 
 and donations to Protestant institutions, the 
 whole amount raised by public tax, together 
 with that appropriated from the School Fund 
 of the State for the support of the public 
 schools. Thus we claim that Catholic charities 
 and schools do not receive, in grants and dona- 
 tions, a tithe of what is honestly or justly their 
 share, whether estimated according to their 
 numbers, or according to the amount of public 
 taxes for sectarian, charitable, and educational 
 purposes levied upon them by the State and its 
 municipalities." * 
 
 * The wrong done by the July contributor was 
 in estimating the various appropriations and 
 grants to the Catholic Church as mere gifts, rather 
 than as "payments on account" of a just and 
 righteous debt, the overwhelming total of which is 
 hardly diminished, in a perceptible degree, even by 
 these magnificent contributions. Taking the esti- 
 mate of The Catholic World, we present its careful 
 and unprejudiced views of the financial relations 
 of the State to the (unestablished) Church for a 
 single year, in a fonn which will be clear to busi- 
 ness men, and which will show that under the 
 show of liberality we have really been treating her 
 with the most shameful injustice. 
 
 The State of New York, to the Holt Eoman 
 AND Apostolic Chuech, De. 
 
 To a due proportion of grants and do- 
 nations to Charities and Schools, 
 1866, being ten times the sum act- 
 ually paid §1,251,741.40 
 
 Ca. 
 
 By cash, being less than " a tithe of 
 what is honestly and justly their 
 share." 125,174.14 
 
 Balance still due for 1866. 
 
 1,126,567.2 
 
 In view of this lucid statement of 
 the rights of the Catholic Church, lan- 
 guage fails us fitly to characterize the 
 passion or folly of those who would 
 represent, as did the writer of " Our 
 Established Church," that the subsidies 
 heretofore bestowed upon that body 
 indicate that it " is in a fair way of 
 obtaining its own." When we consider 
 how vast are the sums consecrated (we 
 use the word in its French sense) dur- 
 ing the past thirty years to the Ameri- 
 can scheme of public education, and 
 remember that every dollar was spent 
 in downright hostility to the Roman 
 Church, and as truly for sectarian pur- 
 poses as if it had gone to pay the sala- 
 ries of Methodist ministers, we may well 
 conclude that all the benefactions 
 brought together by the offending 
 writer are less than " a tithe " of the 
 just claims of the Church, or of what 
 it now demands. Is there a politician 
 in the State who will oppose the 
 liquidation of so just a debt ? 
 
 But even more valuable than the 
 mere financial computation is the in- 
 formation the World gives us as to the 
 terms upon which the vexed question 
 of common schools may be permanently 
 adjusted. It is a mistake, in the first 
 place, to suppose that Catholics have 
 any objection to the system " for non- 
 Catholics. If they wish the system for 
 themselves, we offer them no opposi- 
 tion. . . "We oppose it not when intend- 
 ed for them, but only when intended 
 
 We will not undertake to compute the interest 
 to date. These revelations (for we confess they 
 ai-e such to us) of the way in vi'hich the State of 
 New York has been running behind, year aftei 
 5*ear, m its "honest and just" debts, are eimplj' 
 appalling. Damaging as this statement may be 
 to the market value of State securities, we thank 
 The Catholic World for bringing it to the notice of 
 our public financiers. Pay as you go is a good 
 motto for States, as well as individuals, in dealing 
 with any creditor. But there are three sorts of 
 creditors in whose case it is specially appropriate— 
 the Water company, which, in default of payment, 
 stops your water supply ; the Gas company, which 
 turns off your light at the street main ; and the 
 Church, which cuts olf your sacramental grace 
 When complete religious liberty is established, at 
 last, and the Church is in a position to enforce hei 
 " honest and just " claims against thr State, these 
 monstrous arrearages of more than a , million a-yeai 
 will put the latter at a terrible disad^-'utage. 
 
1869.] 
 
 The UiirESTABLisnED Chueoh. 
 
 89 
 
 for us, and we are taxed to support it." 
 The ground of objection is, that there 
 can be no proper education which is 
 not religious, and thab education be- 
 longs therefore not to the State, but to 
 the Church. This opinion amounts, 
 with Catholics, to a "conscientious con- 
 viction." " Whether we are right or 
 wrong, is no question for the State or 
 civil authority to settle. The State has 
 no competency in the matter. It is 
 bound to respect and protect every citi- 
 zen in the free and full enjoyment of 
 the freedom of his conscience. We 
 stand before the State on a footing of 
 perfect equality with non-Catholics, and 
 have the same right to have our Catho- 
 lic conscience respected and protected, 
 that they have to have their non-Catho- 
 lic and secularized conscience respected 
 and protected. We do not ask the State 
 to impose our conscience on them, or to 
 compel them to adopt and follow our 
 views of education ; but we deny its 
 HgM to impose theirs on us, or even to 
 carry out their views of education in any 
 degree at our expense. The Catholic con- 
 science tinds the Stat^ itself so far, but 
 only so far, as Catholics are concerned. 
 . . Its only just and hon£st course is to 
 abandon the policy of trying to bring 
 both together in a system of common 
 schools. ... As both are equal before 
 the State, it can compel neither to give 
 way to the other. This may or may not 
 be a disadvantage ; but it is a fact, and 
 must by all parties de accepted as such." 
 If the State " will, as it is bound to do, 
 respect and protect the rights of con- 
 science, or real religious liberty, the 
 only solid basis of civil liberty, it must 
 do as the continental governments of 
 Europe do, and divide the public 
 schools into two classes ; the one -for 
 Catholics, and the other for non-Catho- 
 lics. . . . Let the State appropriate to 
 Catholics, for the support of schools 
 approved by their Church, their propor- 
 tion of the School Fund, and of the 
 money raised h/ puMic tax for the sup- 
 port of public schools. . . . This, if the 
 State, for public reasons, insists on uni- 
 versal education, is the best way of 
 solving the difficulty. . . Another way 
 
 would be, to exempt Catholics from the 
 tax levied for the support of the public 
 schools, and give to the schools they 
 maintain their proportion of the School 
 Fund held in trust by the State, and 
 leave Catholics to establish and manage 
 schools for their own children in their 
 own way, under the supervision and 
 control of the Church. Either way of 
 solving the difficulty would answer our 
 IDurpose, and we venture to say that one 
 or the other method of dealing with the 
 public school question will ere long ^a ye 
 to 'he adopted, whatever the opposition ex- 
 citedy 
 
 Let it be assumed now that all the 
 proposed statistics of the contributor 
 in regard to public largesses are not only 
 correct, but are far below the actual 
 facts ; they would yet be vastly inferior 
 to this authentic announcement of the 
 demands and determined purposes of 
 the Catholic Church, in significance to 
 the people of this and of all these Uni- 
 ted States. Right or wrong, the system 
 of free, public, universal education, 
 which has been developed from the 
 Puritan germs planted in New England 
 into the various forms, of identical 
 essence, in which it exists to-day in 
 every Northern State, is immeasurably 
 precious to the American heart. Grow- 
 ing up as it did in the midst of sects 
 warring certainly not less bitterly than 
 now, controlled, no doubt, in its infancy 
 in some Eastern States by the religious 
 bodies which until lately were " estab- 
 lished " there, it has yet been fortunate 
 enough to endure to a lusty and sym- 
 metrical maturity, which has enforced 
 respect and immunity from contending 
 factions. Nor is there wanting to non- 
 Catholic citizens, of whatever creed, an 
 enthusiasm of devotion to their school- 
 system, an unquestioning faith that it 
 is a principal cause of our material 
 prosperity, and moral as well as mental 
 eminence, and that -without it our retro- 
 gression must be certain and swift, 
 which amounts, quite as strongly as the 
 Catholic view now presented, to a " con- 
 scientious conviction." It may be that 
 before the controversy is adjusted upon 
 either basis which our Roman Catholic 
 
40 
 
 Putnam's Magazine. 
 
 [Dec. 
 
 brethren lay down as the only alterna- 
 tives for " solving the difficulty " raised 
 by themselves, a Protestant conscience 
 may assert its "rights" and demand 
 their enforcement by the State. There 
 is a non-Catholic conscience, we have 
 been told, which holds as fervidly to 
 the duty of the State to educate all its 
 youth, as the Catholic conscience to the 
 duty of the Church to prevent the State 
 from doing it. Eight or wrong, per- 
 verted or corrupted as a Protestant con- 
 science may be, we have heard it said, 
 by those to whom modern history seem- 
 ed familiar, that it has often been firm, 
 resolute, enduring to the loss of all that 
 made life dear and of life itself, under 
 the sharpest tests the Catholic Church 
 has found occasion to subject it to. 
 This Magazine is not an organ of non- 
 Catholics ; it does not undertake to 
 assert, except as on the authority of Tlie 
 Catholic Worlds what " must " be done, 
 or " will Tiave to le " adopted by the State. 
 But it is no arrogation of authority to 
 say, what every breeze bears upon its 
 wings, that a successftil blow at the 
 American system of common schools 
 would thrill millions of non-Catholic 
 souls like a sacrilege. Still less do we 
 pretend to say that the zeal of Protes- 
 tants would be more effectual to-day in 
 protecting their school-houses, than it 
 has been many a time before in saving 
 their meeting-houses. We shall hardly 
 look for greater earnestness or devotion 
 than such as proved a poor defence to the 
 followers of Huss and Ziska, of Coligny 
 and Zwingli. But futile as " the oppo- 
 sition excited " may be, futile as The 
 Cathx)lic World assures us it will be, we 
 look for no noiseless contact when " the 
 Catholic conscience " which must " bind 
 the State" comes in collision, as it 
 moves to the overthrow of common 
 schools, with the Protestant conscience 
 which is bound to maintain them. 
 
 Possibly some one, Catholic or not, 
 as im authorized as the late writer in 
 Putnam, may dispute our authority for 
 saying that the Catholic system de- 
 mands the overthrow of the school-sys- 
 tem, and may endeavor to accommodate 
 the alternatives of the World — the sup- 
 
 port of Church-schools by public taxa- 
 tion, or the exoneration from school- 
 taxes of all who under that inducement 
 choose to call themselves Catholics — to 
 the continued existence of common 
 schools. It is true that the World ap- 
 pears to contemplate the continued ex- 
 istence of " secular schools " under 
 State control, — continued, when the 
 State has cut itself off from revenues 
 for theii' support, or is engaged in sub- 
 sidizing private schools up to a destruc- 
 tive rivalry. How long the World con- 
 siders that the State would act as the 
 agent of religious sects to collect money 
 and distribute it among them ; or on 
 the other hand would attempt to carry 
 on the partial task of educating, not all 
 children, but Protestant children, or 
 finally the children only of such parents 
 as should ultimately neglect to exempt 
 themselves from taxation by setting up 
 conscientious scruples, that able journal 
 does not take occasion to remark. We 
 respect its acuteness quite enough to 
 presume that it believes, as we do, that 
 it would not be long. 
 
 But the World refrains from saying, 
 what we feel bound to add, that no 
 Catholic can look with tolerance upon 
 the continuance even of a mutilated 
 and crippled common-school system. 
 Relieved though he may be as a Church- 
 man from its atheism, as a tax-payer 
 from its cost, he continues responsible 
 as a citizen and voter for its existence. 
 How can the Assemblyman from St. 
 Peter's in Barclay-street vote for the 
 bill by which even Protestants are tax- 
 ed to sustain a system of which Arch- 
 bishop McCloskey says that its work- 
 ings, " as far as Catholic children are 
 concerned, have proved, and do prove, 
 highly detrimental to their faith and 
 morals ; " and the Bishop of Newark 
 that " it is the greatest enemy of the 
 Catholic religion and of all dogmatic 
 truth ? " Will he not, must not every 
 legislator, so much being granted, accept 
 the principles laid down by the Tablet : 
 " Education itself is the business of the 
 spiritual society alone, and not of secu- 
 lar society. The instruction of children 
 and youth is included in the Sacrament 
 
1869.] 
 
 The Fnestablished CHUEon. 
 
 41 
 
 of Orders, and the State usurps the 
 functions of the spiritual society when 
 it turns educator. . . The organization 
 of the schools, their entire internal ar- 
 rangement and management, the choice 
 and regulation of studies, and the selec- 
 tion, appointment, and dismissal of 
 teachers, belong exclusively to the spirit- 
 ual authority." If he turns to the Cath- 
 olic Telegraph of Cincinnati, the hon- 
 est legislator will find his last doubt re- 
 solved, for he will find, by the authority 
 of Archbishop Purcell, that the educa- 
 tion of common schools is " elemen- 
 tary instruction in atheism and immor- 
 ality." " Halls of learning that are irre- 
 ligious, because no particular religion is 
 taught, must become the prolific sources 
 of national iniquity. The secular 
 school-system is a social cancer, presag- 
 ing the death of national morality, de- 
 vouring the little sense of religion that 
 Protestantism instils into its believers. 
 The sooner it is destroyed the detter.''^ " It 
 will be a glorious day for Catholics in 
 this coiontry when, under the blows of 
 justice and morality, our school-system 
 will le shivered to pieces. Until then, 
 modern Paganism will triumph." 
 
 But we need not call in the inferior 
 evidence of newspapers and archbish- 
 ops, when the solemn declarations of 
 the Holy See itself are so clear and con- 
 clusive upon this very point : " Melius 
 est petere fontes quam sectari rivulosy 
 
 Until the American Church ceases to 
 be a dependency of the Roman Church, 
 it cannot discard or evade the infallible 
 authority of the Roman Bishop. If 
 any American Catholic should seek to 
 reconcile himself with American piinci- 
 ples of education, let him hear how 
 those principles, as expressed below, are 
 denounced by the present Pope. The 
 quotation is from the famous " Syllabus," 
 or catalogue of " The Principal Errors 
 of our Time," appended to the Encycli- 
 cal of December 8, 1864 : 
 
 "45. That the entire direction of public 
 schools in which the youth of Christian States 
 are educated, save an exception in the case of 
 Episcopal seminaries, may and must appertain 
 to the civil power, and belong to it so far that 
 no other authority shall be recognized as hav- 
 
 ing any right to interfere in the discipline of * 
 the schools, the arrangement of studies, the 
 taking of degrees, or the choice and approval 
 of teachers. 
 
 " 47. That the most advantageous conditions 
 of civil society require that popular schools open 
 without distinction to all children of the people, 
 and public establishments destined to teach 
 young people letters and good discipline, and 
 to impart to them education, should be freed 
 from all ecclesiastical authority and interfer- 
 ence, and should be fully subjected to the civil 
 and political power for the teaching of matters 
 and opinions common to the times. 
 
 " 48. That this manner of instructing youth, 
 which consists in separating it from the Catho- 
 lic faith and from the power of the Church, 
 and in teaching it above all a knowledge of 
 natural things and the objects of social life, 
 may be perfectly approved by Catholics," 
 
 But, however it may have been in 
 1864, the American Catholics of 1869 
 are reasonably free from all these errors. 
 
 In this same Cincinnati, which in- 
 cludes — we can hardly say contains — 
 the Telegraphy progress is reported. 
 The newspapers have been busy with 
 the details of recent negotiations be- 
 tween the Board of Education and " the 
 authorities of the Catholic schools," 
 which have reached a certain result. 
 The result is not much ; mainly that " no 
 religious teaching," or the use " of any 
 religious books, papers, or documents 
 [notably the Bible] shall be permitted 
 in " the public school-houses. Naturally, 
 this contents neither the Telegraph nor 
 the Freeman's Journal of this city, both 
 of which denounce the capitulation as 
 a Catholic surrender. But their in- 
 flammation is surely unreasonable, and 
 might be injmious if a heated journal 
 were as dangerous to a great cause as to 
 a railroad-train. It is much that the 
 Church is treated with, at last, as co- 
 ordinate with the State, as having bel- 
 ligerent rights, and as being capable of 
 concluding compacts. From this to 
 final success, the way is short and 
 smooth. " Chateau qui parle, femme qui 
 ecoute, xa se rendreP Common Schools, 
 good-bye ! 
 
 We proceed now to a more pleasing 
 part of the task which the temerity of 
 this contributor has forced upon us. , 
 We rescue from the comparative ob- 
 scurity to which the necessarily re- 
 
4d 
 
 Pdtnam's Magazine. 
 
 [Dec, 
 
 ^ Btricted circulation of The Catliolic 
 World might have condemned it, the de- 
 finition which the highest literary au- 
 thorit}-, backed by the highest hierarchi- 
 cal authority, in the American Church, 
 puts upon the great watchword, Reli- 
 gious Liberty. Here, where the Church, 
 though not " Established," feels called 
 upon to disavow its desire to be, be- 
 cause it can do better ; where its public 
 subventions, although they amount thus 
 far to less than the tenth of its just de- 
 mands, have reached an annual sum 
 which strikes tax-payers with dismay ; 
 where its foot is upon the neck of legis- 
 latures, its grasp upon the throttle of 
 all public education, it becomes a ques- 
 tion of more than speculative curiosity, 
 when the Church is heard to speak re- 
 spectfully of "religious liberty," what 
 it means by the phrase. When the 
 Church " shall have its own again," when 
 our legislation upon cults, like our leg- 
 islation upon schools, is adjusted to suit 
 the requirements of the " spiritual order " 
 which " is superior to the secular " ( Cath. 
 Worlds p. 583), what will be the rights 
 and duties of citizens in non-conform- 
 ity ? These : 
 
 " We understand by religious liberty 
 the freedom and independence of the 
 Church as an organic todyy 
 
 See now how blessed a thing is a 
 definition ! Councils and prelates be- 
 yond the ocean have screamed them- 
 selves hoarse these hundreds of years 
 past, in decrying the pernicious modern 
 fantasy of religious liberty. Even the 
 most solemn of late utterances of the 
 Roman oracle, the same Encyclical and 
 Catalogue of Principal Errors already 
 quoted, sets this very Catholic Woidd, 
 unless its happy definition reconciles 
 the declarations of its August number 
 with the approval of the Pope upon 
 the cover, in a deplorable attitude of 
 schism and rebellion. For among the 
 most pernicious of those damnable 
 heresies we find held up to public ab- 
 horrence these : 
 
 " 15. That every man is free to embrace the 
 religion he shall believe to be true, guided by 
 the light of reason. 
 
 " 23. That the Church has not the power of 
 
 availing herself of force, or of any direct or 
 indirect temporal power. 
 
 " 55. That the Church must be separated 
 from the State and the State from the Church. 
 
 " 77. That in the present day it is no longer 
 necessary that the Catholic religion shall be 
 held as the only religion of the State, to the 
 exclusion of all other modes of worship. 
 
 " 79. That it is false that the civil liberty of 
 every mode of worship, and the full power 
 given to all of overtly and publicly displaying 
 their opinions and thoughts, conduce more 
 easily to corrupt the morals and minds of the 
 people and to the propagation of the evil of 
 indifierence." 
 
 But the Church in America, as we 
 are daily assured, is a Church of prog- 
 ress, not of dead conservatism ; of re- 
 publicanism, not of autocracy ; of en- 
 lighteument and free schools, not of 
 middle-age darkness. In spite then of 
 trans-Atlantic formulas and precedents, 
 it could not but be the advocate of 
 religious liberty. How noble was the 
 conception which enabled it to main- 
 tain before the American people their 
 favorite principle rejected by the Euro- 
 pean Church, and yet maintain that 
 unity of doctrine, the loss of which is 
 schism, and all by a definition ! How 
 eagerly would the fiercest ultra-montane 
 welcome religious liberty, thus defined, 
 to France ! How gladly would the 
 whole Spanish clergy, to-day, which for 
 a year past has protested with all the 
 power of its lungs and with the added 
 force of muskets against the admission 
 of religious liberty under one concep- 
 tion, accept it in the American-Catholic 
 sense I Nay, even in those sadly dimin- 
 ished provinces which own the sway 
 of the Head of the Church alone; 
 whose governors are bishops, and whose 
 ministers of state are cardinals ; w^here 
 the Jew slinks timorously into the 
 Ghetto at night-fall lest the sMrri be 
 upon him ; where the American may 
 pray to his unknown God with his 
 countrymen under the shelter of his 
 country's flag, but not otherwise, and the 
 catacombs themselves no longer furnish 
 a secure retreat for dissenting worship- 
 pers ; where else than here has true relig- 
 ious liberty " the freedom and independ- 
 ence of the Church as an organic body," 
 its highest and completest development ? 
 
1869.] 
 
 The Unestablished Chtjeoh. 
 
 43 
 
 They err, then (and this is part of our 
 lesson from The Catholic World), who 
 tell us that the Churcli is an uncertain 
 and ductile thing, one thing in Naples 
 and another in New York, different in 
 the times of Hildebrand and Pius IX. ; 
 or who pretend that religious liberty is 
 a Protestant thing, or a new thing. 
 The Church in America to-day is as the 
 Ohurch in Rome in the sixteenth cen- 
 tury ; its accidents only are changed. 
 It does not accommodate its ancient 
 ideas to modern formulas ; it takes 
 modern formulas and fits them (by a 
 definition) to its venerable ideas. " Re- 
 ligious liberty," as the American Church 
 now professes it, is the oldest of Catho- 
 lic principles. Religious liberty, as 
 thus defined, burned Savonarola in Flo- 
 rence and Huss at Constance. It was 
 to vindicate " the freedom and independ- 
 ence of the Church as an organic body," 
 that the Church maintained its Inquisi- 
 tion in Spain, and decreed the extirpa- 
 tion of the Albigenses in Languedoc. 
 In France this religious liberty, tempo- 
 rarily depressed by the Toleration 
 Edict of Nantes, lifted its head awhile 
 upon the revocation of that tyrannical 
 measure, only to be utterly swept away 
 in the flood of equality which has over- 
 spread that land since the Revolution. 
 Let us hope that among us this great 
 American principle, to which, we are all 
 devoted, may be satisfied when it drives 
 home at sunset all the Hebrew brokers 
 in Wall-street ; when Dr. Morgan Dix 
 begs a flag from the Prussian Consulate 
 to protect the matins and vespers at 
 Trinity ; and when the Session Laws 
 are regularly sent down by the Gover- 
 nor, instead of only occasionally by the 
 committees, as now, for tbe approval or 
 rejection of the Archbishop of New 
 York ; for then shall we approach near- 
 er than now to the entire " freedom and 
 independence of the Church as an or- 
 ganic body." 
 
 But the advanced and American 
 Catholicism which governs the Congre- 
 gation of St. Paul and The Catholic 
 World, this liberalism which is abreast 
 of the times, and seeks to make its 
 religion the religion of the future as 
 
 "Well as of the past, leaves us in no un- 
 certainty what shall be in that happy 
 day the fate of heretical creeds ; when 
 " real religious liberty," as thus defined, 
 " the only solid basis of civil liberty," is 
 effectively maintained. The World has 
 already limited the duty of the State 
 to the protection of those religions only 
 " not contra lonos moresy The quota- 
 tions we have but just made indicate 
 how " detrimental to morals," in the 
 Catholic view, the Protestant systems 
 are. This, of course, excludes them 
 from the toleration they might other- 
 wise claim ; but their exclusion is nail- 
 ed and clinched by the avowal that 
 what Protestants " call their religion is 
 a perpetual protest against what we 
 call religion," is no religion at all there- 
 fore. Upon the whole, then, we can 
 discern in these latest utterances of 
 progressive Catholicism little ground 
 for the complacency with which many 
 Protestants are in the habit of regard- 
 ing the political supremacy of that 
 Church. Perhaps it might be worth 
 their while to consider whether there 
 be not color for the suggestion we have 
 sometimes heard, that the American 
 ecclesiastic of to-day, by virtue of the 
 very unestablished character of his 
 Church, of its exemption from State 
 control and responsibility to the State, 
 however lavishly subsidized by the 
 State, is an ultra-montane of a new and 
 singularly exaggerated type. Kings and 
 emperors elsewhere, by their arbitrary 
 interference, have succeeded in modify- 
 ing that implicit devotion to the for- 
 eign domination of a Pope which after 
 all is the highest badge of Catholicity. 
 There is no such disturbing influence 
 here ; and what may be the full blos- 
 som and ripe fruit of this new and un- 
 pruned growth may be a curious ques- 
 tion now, and a practical one very soon. 
 We come now to the last, in the dis- 
 order in which we have brought them 
 together, but by no means the least in 
 consequence, of the principal conclu- 
 sions we find in the adverse criticisms 
 upon the July writer. Not only is the 
 Roman Church not formally " establish- 
 ed " in this country, but it protests, with 
 
44 
 
 Putnam's Magazine. 
 
 [Dec. 
 
 uU the solemnity that surrounds the 
 throne of a bishop and the press of the 
 Catholic Publication Society, that it 
 never, under any circumstances, can be 
 cajoled by the entreaties of a fond and 
 devoted State into becoming establish- 
 ed. " Catholics have no notion," says 
 Bishop McQuaid, "of their Church 
 ever becoming ' the established Church,' 
 and they are just as certain that no 
 other Church shall ever assume to be 
 ' the established Church ' in these Uni- 
 ted States.*' " No Church," says The 
 Catlwlic World, " can be the established 
 Church here or elsewhere, unless it con- 
 cedes the supremacy of the State, and 
 consents to be its slave. This the 
 Catholic Church can never do. . . In 
 this country . . the civil authority has 
 recognized . . its obligation to protect 
 the adherents of each [religion] in the 
 free and full enjoyment of their entire 
 religious liberty. The State guarantees, 
 thus, all the freedom and protection the 
 Church has ever secured elsewhere by 
 concordats. She much prefers freedom 
 to slavery, and her full liberty, though 
 shared with hostile sects, to the gilded 
 bondage of a State Church. She nei- 
 ther is the Established Church, nor can 
 she consent to decome S(?." 
 
 "We leave the Bishop and the Maga- 
 zine to distinguish, by the help of 
 another definition, if they will, the doc- 
 trines we have quoted ixom the damna- 
 ble heresies Numbers 15, 55, 77, and 79, 
 quoted above from the Syllabus. We 
 do not assume to judge another man's 
 servants ; to their own hierarchical Mas- 
 ter they must stand or fall. If indeed 
 we were reviewing the World as carping 
 critics, we might Socratically ask it 
 why the Catholic Church has not here- 
 tofore, where its word was law, en- 
 ».forced the preference just expressed, 
 shattered the " gilded bondage " which 
 we are told it abhors, and " shared with 
 hostile sects " the " full liberty " which is 
 so congenial and so sweet ? Is it despite 
 the choice of the Church, that it is 
 maintained to-day as the governmental 
 Church, with all the burdens and re- 
 sponsibilities which that position en- 
 tails, in so many European countries ? 
 
 Have our ears deceived us, and are the 
 churchly protests with which the wel- 
 kin has been ringing these few years 
 past from Naples, and Austria, and 
 Spain, protests against the establish- 
 ment of the Church, and not, as we 
 have been supposing, against the rude 
 severance of some of the " gilded " 
 chains that sustained it in its detested 
 elevation ? And why, we might ask if 
 we were controverting the World, does 
 not the Church at the Holy See itself, 
 where it is understood to be not with- 
 out influence upon legislation, accom- 
 plish that beneficent order which it so 
 much prefers, and extend to rival reli- 
 gions a participation in the freedom of 
 worship which seems to be now the 
 exclusive privilege of the Establish- 
 ment ? We can anticipate the answer 
 such questions would incur. The 
 Church in Europe is ready enough for 
 religious liberty, if it only knew, as well 
 as the Church in America does, what 
 religious liberty is, but as it supposes 
 it to mean that the Church is to have 
 only an equal chance with the sects, it 
 must perforce oppose it. The Church 
 in Europe would not cling so to estab- 
 lishment, if it only knew, as the Ameri- 
 can Church has learned, how all the 
 profits of establishment are to be had 
 without its inconveniences. And when 
 our Unestablished Church here in New 
 York, having secured from the State 
 the annual donation of ten times the 
 half million or more the State bestow- 
 ed upon it in 1869, and having annihi- 
 lated the State's secular education, and 
 thus recovered here what it has lost in 
 every Catholic country in Europe, has 
 given actual demonstration of the ad- 
 vantages there are in non-establishment, 
 then we may expect to see the Spanish 
 clergy shouldering muskets for religious 
 liberty instead of against it ; the Nea- 
 politan clergy disbanding their banditti 
 and signing petitions to Parliament for 
 disestablishment ; and the Holy Father 
 himself detaching one circlet from his 
 triple crown, and begging the Roman 
 Senator and Council to regard him 
 only as the first of their clerical sub- 
 jects. 
 
1869.] 
 
 Oeimson, Blue, and Gold. 
 
 45 
 
 The Church, then, can " do better ; " 
 so much better, in fact, that The Catho- 
 lic World hardly speaks too strongly in 
 saying it is " insulted " by being called 
 the State-Church. Let us not be above 
 learning from its bitterest enemies why 
 it is in this country at least as good as 
 established. Against the passage of the 
 Bill for the Disestablishment of the Pro- 
 testant Church in Ireland, fifty-three 
 peers protested, " Because it is impossi- 
 ble to place a Church, disestablished 
 and disendowed, and bound together 
 only by the tie of a voluntary associa- 
 tion, on a footing of equality with the 
 perfect organization of the Church of 
 Rome, whereby the laity are made com- 
 pletely subservient to the priesthood, 
 the priests to the bishops, and the bish- 
 ops themselves are subject to the uncon- 
 trolled authority of a foreign potentate." 
 Before this utterance of the peers, how- 
 ever, that shrewd disputant, Mr. Disraeli, 
 had said the same thing more sharply in 
 the Commons. The only way, said he, to 
 prevent ecclesiastical inequality in Ire- 
 land is to refuse to disestablish the Pro- 
 testant Church there. For the Roman 
 Catholic Church is already established 
 there " as fully and completely as any 
 power, human or divine, can be estab- 
 lished. . . The discipline, order, and 
 
 government of the Roman Catholic 
 Church are not voluntary. They are the 
 creation of the simple will of a sovereigr 
 pontiff, and do not depend at all on the 
 voluntary principle. . . I maintain, that 
 as long as His Holiness the Pope pos- 
 sesses Rome, the Momaii Catholic reli- 
 gion, in whatever count/ry it is found, is 
 an Establishment.'''' 
 
 Beati jpacificatores ! It is pleasant to 
 reconcile adversaries. If Bishop Mc 
 Quaid and The Catholic World are right, 
 perhaps Disraeli and Derby may not be 
 far wrong. And while the meddlesome 
 July writer seems to have erred by his 
 public comments on the progress the 
 Church has made in the favor of legisla- 
 tors, perhaps his announcements are bad 
 only for prematurity. Perhaps his action 
 is like that of one who, when cunning 
 architects and sculptors have been for 
 years bringing to perfection the facade 
 of a gorgeous cathedral, encumbered 
 with scaffolds and hidden by canvas, 
 furtively, before the last blows are 
 struck and the last bas-reliefs set, de- 
 taching the screens that conceal it, 
 throws untimely to view the unfinished 
 work and the enraged artists, amid 
 grimy machinery and smutty workmen, 
 the roUers of logs and the pullers of 
 wires. 
 
Putnam s Monthly Advertiser. 249 
 
 The New Volume of FATHER HYACBNTHE'S WORKS ; Now Ready. 
 
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Putnam s Monthly Advertiser. 247 
 
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