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CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 secretary's office 
 Washington Co., Agricultural & Mechanical Ass'n. 
 
 Marietta, 0., Feb. igt/i, 1876. 
 I. W. Andrews, D. D., 
 
 Dear Sir: — The Board of Directors of the Washington County 
 Agricultural and Mechanical Association, at a meeting held Feb. 
 16th, 1876, in conformity with the recommendations of the Centennial 
 authorities at Philadelphia, and the Annual Agricultural Convention 
 of this State, and to carry such recommendations into effect, selected 
 you to prepare and deliver an historical address the coming Fourth of 
 July. It would afford me pleasure to receive your acceptance. 
 
 Yours most respectfully, 
 
 C. T. FRAZYER, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 Marietta College, Feb. 22, 1876. 
 
 Dear Sir: — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your 
 letter of the 19th instant, conveying to me an invitation from the 
 " Washington County Agricultural and Mechanical Association," to 
 prepare and deliver, on the Fourth of July next, an historical address 
 pertaining to the development of the county within the century. 
 
 Will you convey to the Board of Directors my appreciation of the 
 honor conferred on me in selecting me for this service, and my grate- 
 ful acceptance of the same? 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 ISRAEL W. ANDREWS. 
 
 Hon. C. T. Frazyer, Secretary, cV-v. 
 
 
 
Correspondence. 
 
 At a subsequent meeting of citizens, the following officers were 
 appointed for the celebration of the Centennial Fourth of July : 
 
 Hon. P. B. BUELL, President. 
 
 Vice Presidents.— Adams, S. N. Merriam; Aurelius, J. D. James; 
 Barlow, D. N. Dunsmore; Belpre, L. E. Stone; Decatur, A. Russell; 
 Dunham, S. D. Ellenwood; Fairfield, C. H. Goddard; Fearing, Chas. 
 Zimmer; Grandview, Jasper Lisk; Harmar, Col. D. Barber; Inde- 
 pendence, August Hille; Lawrence, A. J. Dye; Liberty, John Con- 
 gleton; Ludlow, Isaac Scott; Marietta — ist Ward, Wm, Glines; 2d, 
 Jewett Palmer; 3d, I. R. Waters; Marietta Tp., W. F. Curtis; Musk- 
 ingum, L. J. P. Putnam; Newport, J. B. Greene; Palmer, J. M. 
 Murdock; Salem, Walter Thomas; Union, Matthew Jurden; Warren, 
 C. B. Tuttle; Waterford, H. F. Devol; Watertown, Isaac Johnson; 
 Wesley, B. F. Arnold. 
 
 Col. T. W. MOORE, Marshal. 
 
 Reading of the Declaration of Independence, Capt. W. H. Gurley. 
 
 On the 25th of May, President Grant issued a Proclamation 
 bringing to the notice of the people, a joint resolution of Congress, 
 recommending their assembling in their several counties and towns on 
 the Centennial Anniversary, and " that they cause to have delivered on 
 such day, an historical sketch of said county or town, and that a copy 
 of said sketch may be filed, in print or manuscript, in the Clerk's 
 office of the said county, and an additional copy be filed in the office 
 of the Librarian of Congress, to the intent that a complete record 
 may thus be obtained of the progress of our institutions during the 
 first Centennial of their existence." 
 
 In accordance with this recommendation and the arrangements 
 previously made, the citizens of Washington County, assembled at 
 Marietta, and duly celebrated the Centennial Anniversary of our 
 National Independence. 
 
 Hon. P. B. Buell presided, and Col. T. W. Moore officiated as 
 marshal. Prayer was offered by Rev. S. C. Frampton, and the Decla- 
 ration of Independence was read by William H. Gurley, Esq. The 
 historical address was then delivered by the orator of the day. 
 
Historical Address. 
 
 FELLOW Citizens of Washington County: 
 On this day, one hundred years ago, the Thirteen 
 United Colonies became The United States of 
 America. The people of the colonies, through their 
 representatives in General Congress assembled, publicly 
 declared themselves absolved from all allegiance to the 
 British Crown, and solemnly and religiously proclaimed 
 to the world their determination to assume and maintain 
 a separate and equal station among the nations of the 
 earth. It was a bold declaration to be made by those 
 small and feeble colonies, against a great and powerful 
 nation. But they believed in the justness of their cause 
 and could appeal to the Supreme Judge of the world 
 for the rectitude of their intentions. They placed a 
 firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence; 
 and the more we study our national history from that 
 eventful day to this, the clearer are the proofs that 
 that protection has not been withheld. 
 
 There is not need to recount the steps by which 
 our fathers were led to dissolve the bonds that bound 
 the colonies to the mother country. The first meeting 
 to consider their grievances, was in 1765, when dele- 
 gates from nine colonies met in New York. The pas- 
 
6 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 sage of the Stamp Act by Parliament, in March of that 
 year, was the immediate occasion of this Congress. 
 They adopted a declaration of rights and claimed the 
 treatment due to British subjects: "that it is insepar- 
 ably essential to the freedom of a people, and the un- 
 doubted right of Englishmen, that no taxes be imposed 
 on them but with their own consent, given personally or 
 by their representatives." This sentiment passed into a 
 maxim, "taxation without representation is tyranny." 
 If Parliament should enact laws to tax the people of the 
 colonies, the representatives of the colonies ought to be 
 admitted as members of Parliament. The maxim did 
 not mean that taxation without suffrage is tyranny, for 
 the ordinance for this north-west territory provided that 
 no one could vote without "a freehold in fifty acres of 
 land in the district." 
 
 The Stamp Act was repealed, but other taxes and 
 duties were imposed quite as obnoxious to the colonies. 
 In September, 1774, the first Continental Congress met 
 at Philadelphia, embracing delegates from twelve colo- 
 nies. There were men in that Congress whose names 
 have become household words. Addresses to the king, 
 to the people of Great Britain, to the people of the col- 
 onies, and to the inhabitants of the Province of Quebec, 
 were drawn up, and the Congress hoped that their 
 grievances would be redressed. But should the course 
 of the king continue as before, they recommended a sec- 
 ond Congress in the month of May following. The king- 
 remained obstinate, and the second Continental Congress 
 was convened as had been recommended. But hostili- 
 ties had already commenced at Lexington and Concord, 
 and measures for defense were immediately taken. An 
 army was organized, and on the 15th of June George 
 
The Declaration of Independence. 
 
 Washington was unanimously elected general of all the 
 forces. His commission styled him the "General and 
 Commander-in-Chief of the Army of the United 
 Colonies." 
 
 The breach became wider and wider. The people 
 began to talk of separation. On-Lhe 7th of June, 1776, 
 Richard Henry Lee, in accordance with the vote of the 
 Virginia Convention, moved in Congress a declaration 
 of independence. Alter a most thorough discussion in 
 the committee of the whole it was adopted on the 
 tenth. The further consideration was postponed till July. 
 On the second of that month it was adopted in Congress; 
 •n the fourth the declaration, which had been pre- 
 pared by a committee previously appointed, was adopt- 
 ed. While the resolution was passed on the second, the 
 formal declaration was adopted on the fourth, and thus 
 that became our national birth-day. Each of the 
 colonies was transformed into a State, and the thirteen 
 united colonies became an independent nation. Whether 
 the independence thus declared could be maintained 
 was to be decided by the sword. Should the people 
 fail in the great struggle, they would have no place as 
 a nation on the page of history. Should they succeed, 
 their national existence would date from the fourth of 
 July, 1776. 
 
 We celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of 
 that day. The American Republic has completed her 
 first century. It has been a century of growth. From 
 about three millions of people we have become more 
 than forty millions. From a little strip along the At- 
 lantic coast our possessions have increased till they ex- 
 tend from ocean to ocean, and from the forty-ninth par- 
 allel of latitude to the gulf. Including Alaska, the ter- 
 
Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 ritoi \g to the United States is nearly ten 
 
 times as large as that occupied by the thirteen colonies. 
 The number of States has increased to thirty-seven, 
 with Colorado to be admitted, probably during the pres- 
 ent month; indeed considered ahead} 7 as a State by the 
 great conventions of Cincinnati and St. Louis. 1 
 
 The two great events of the century have been the 
 formation and adoption of the Constitution of the United 
 States, and the recent civil war. This great struggle, 
 while it was a sectional war growing out of slavery as 
 its immediate cause, was in reality a conflict ot ideas — 
 the old articles of confederation pitted against the con- 
 stitution of 1787. Appeal was made to the arbitraiTJrnt 
 of the sword, and the doctrine of the government 
 has been settled, as so many other great political ques- 
 tions have been, by blood. The institution of slavery is 
 gone; those who were defeated in the great struggle 
 accept the situation, and we may hope that all parts of 
 the nation will be bound together by a closer tie, and 
 that no root of bitterness will ever again spring up to 
 trouble us. 
 
 The invitation with which I have been honored, to 
 address my fellow citizens of Washington County on 
 this Centennial Independence day, does not allow me 
 to speak at length of national questions, or national pro- 
 gress; but confines me for the most part to what per- 
 tains to the origin and development of our own county. 
 
 It is an honor to be the orator on this day, for this, 
 the oldest county in the great North-west, bearing the 
 name of the one man whom all Americans hold in rev- 
 erence; whose history, more than that of any other, is 
 interwoven with the history of the State. 
 
 1. The proclamation of the President admitting Colorado was issued on the first of 
 August, 1876. 
 
Title of the United fitates to Ohio. 
 
 This region was originally a part of the vast dis- 
 trict claimed by the French, and known as Louisiana. 
 The Mississippi river was discovered by French mission- 
 aries, and was subsequently explored to its mouth by 
 LaSalle, who, according to the custom of the nations 
 of that day, took, possession ir: the name of his sover- 
 eign, Louis XIV, of the \ a c region drained by its waters. 
 After the French war, France, by the treaty of peace 
 of i ; at Britain all her possessions east 
 
 .iver. When the war of the Ameri- 
 can Rev broke out, the whole of the eastern part 
 o*" th t Mississippi valley was claimed by Great 
 Britain, and by the treaty of 1783 between that power 
 and the United States this region was relinquished to 
 our nation. It is true that various States of the Union 
 laid claim during the Revolutionary war to large tracts 
 west of the Alleghenies on the ground of old English 
 charters, but their claims were conflicting and it was 
 the policy of Congress not to decide between them. 
 Eventually all these States made cessions of their 
 claims, some with and others without reservations; but 
 the probabilities are that the nation as a whole, which 
 had really wrested the lands from Great Britain, was by 
 the laws of nations the rightful owner of the region. 
 These lands thus came from the French to the English 
 by the treaty of 1763, and from the English to the 
 United States by the treaty of 1783. And it is a plea- 
 sant coincidence that when General Rufus Putnam, in 
 1757, then only nineteen years old, and others of the 
 noble pioneers of Ohio, shouldered their muskets and 
 made those wearisome marches to Canada and endured 
 such great privations in the old French war, the} r were 
 really fighting for the region which was to be their future 
 
tetiivlcil Historical Address. 
 
 home, and :- j were to lay the foundations of 
 
 many ricl tncj J States. 
 
 The seu r at Marietta in 1788 grew out of an 
 
 appropriation Oi lands made b\ Congress in 1776 to the 
 officers and soldiers d£ the army. Those who should 
 serve during the war > tracts according 
 
 to their rank; a Colonel 500 &r lieutenant Colonel 
 
 450, and so on, a private soldier r oo. in 1780 the act 
 was extended to General office.! « : a Major-General to 
 receive 1,100, a Brigadier-General 850. Jn June 1783, 
 the officers of the army to the number oi 
 Congress that the lands to which they were entitle 
 might be located in "that tract of country bou. ' d north 
 on Lake Erie, east on Pennsylvania, south-Cc 
 south on the river Ohio, west on a line beginnin t 
 that part of the Ohio which lies twenty-four miles wes. 
 of the mouth of the river Scioto, thence running north 
 on a meridian line till it intersects the river Miami, 
 which falls into Lake Erie, thence down the middle of 
 that river to the Lake." They speak of this tract as " of 
 sufficient extent, the land of such quality and situation, 
 as may induce Congress to assign and mark it out as a 
 tract or territory suitable to form a distinct government 
 (or Colony of the United States), in time to be admitted 
 one of the Confederated States of America;" and also 
 as " a tract of country not claimed as the property of, 
 or within the jurisdiction of, any particular State of the 
 Union." 
 
 General Rums Putnam forwarded this petition to 
 General Washington, accompanying it with a long and 
 able letter, in which he detailed the advantages which 
 the establishment of such a colony would secure to 
 the whole country. He says; " The part which I have 
 
General Putnam's Letter to Washington. 11 
 
 taken in promoting the petition is well known, and 
 therefore needs no apology when I inform you that the 
 signers expect that I will pursue measures to have it 
 laid before Congress; under these circumstances I beg 
 leave to put the petition into your Excellency's hands, 
 and ask with the greatest assurance your patronage of 
 it." He suggests a chain of forts, say twenty miles 
 apart, extending from the Ohio to the Lake by the 
 Scioto or Muskingum. His letter concludes thus: "The 
 petitioners conceive that sound.pdlicy dictates the mea- 
 sure, and that Congress ought to lose no time in estab- 
 lishing some such chains of forts as has been hinted at, 
 and in procuring the tract of country petitioned for, of 
 the natives; for the moment this is done, and agreeable 
 terms offered to the settlers, many of the petitioners 
 are determined, not only to become adventurers, but 
 actually to remove themselves to this country; and 
 there is not the least doubt but other valuable citizens 
 will follow their example, and the probability is that 
 the country between Lake Erie and the Ohio will be 
 filled with inhabitants, and the faithful subjects of these 
 United States so established on the waters of the Ohio 
 and the lakes, as to banish forever the idea of our 
 Western territory falling under the dominion of any 
 European power, the frontiers of the old states will be 
 effectually secured from savage alarms, and the new 
 will have little to fear from their insults." 
 
 In this letter General Putnam speaks of townships 
 six miles square, with reservations for the ministry and 
 schools — probably the first suggestion of the kind. 
 General Washington immediately transmits this petition, 
 with a copy of General Putnam's letter, to the President 
 of Congress, accompanying it with an earnest letter. 
 
12 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 In April, 1784, General Putnam writes again to Wash- 
 ington, who in his reply expresses great regret at the 
 inaction of Congress. He says, " for surely if justice 
 and gratitude to the army, and general policy of the 
 Union were to govern in this case, there would not be 
 the smallest interruption in granting its request." l 
 
 In January, 1786, Generals Rufus Putnam and Ben- 
 jamin Tupper issued a call for a meeting of officers and 
 soldiers and others to form an Ohio Company. The 
 meeting was held in Boston, March 1st, delegates be- 
 ing present from eight counties. General Putnam was the 
 president of the meeting and Major Winthrop Sargent, 
 clerk. A committee was appointed to prepare articles 
 of association, and the Ohio Company of Associates 
 was duly organized. The object was to raise a fund in 
 continental certificates, for the sole purpose of buying 
 western lands in the Western Territory and making a 
 settlement. 
 
 The fund was not to exceed a million dollars in 
 continental specie certificates, exclusive of one year's 
 interest, each share to consist of one thousand dollars 
 in certificates and one year's interest; and ten dollars in 
 gold or silver. This interest and the gold and silver 
 were to be used for incidental charges, expenses of 
 agents, &c. No person was to hold more than five 
 shares. An agent represented twenty shares. 
 
 The officers were to be five directors, a treasurer, 
 and a secretary, to be appointed by the agents. The 
 directors were to have sole control of the Company's 
 fund, and the lands purchased were to be divided by lot 
 as the agents should direct. 
 
 1. This autograph letter of General Washington, dated 2d June, 1784, is among the 
 Putnam papers in the library of Marietta College, presented by Hon. William R. Putnam, 
 grandson of General Rufus Putnam. 
 
The Ohio Company's Purchase. 13 
 
 Three directors were' appointed in March, 1787: 
 General Samuel H. Parsons, General Rufus Putnam 
 and Reverend 4 Doctor Manasseh Cutler. Major Win- 
 throp Sargent, was made secretary. At a meeting in 
 August, General James M. Varnum, of Rhode Island, 
 was elected a director, and Richard Piatt, of New 
 York, treasurer. Doctor Cutler was employed to pur- 
 chase of Congress land for the Company in the " Great 
 Western Territory of the Union," and in July, 1787, 
 went for that purpose to New York, where the Conti- 
 nental Congress was then in session. 
 
 The year 1787 was an eventful year. The present 
 Constitution of the United States was framed, the ordi- 
 nance for the government of the Territory North-west 
 of the River Ohio was enacted, and the purchase of 
 land was made by the Ohio Company. The North 
 American Review for April of this year says: :< " The 
 ordinance of 1787, and the Ohio purchase were parts of 
 one and the same transaction. The purchase would 
 not have been made without the ordinance, and the or- 
 dinance could not have been enacted except as an 
 essential condition of the purchase." 
 
 The contract was made for 1,500,000 acres, Con- 
 gress passing an act to that effect July 27th, acceding to 
 the terms proposed by Doctor Cutler; the ordinance for 
 the Territory having been passed on the 13th of the 
 month. 
 
 This is the place to speak particularly of two men 
 in connection with this settlement. Many of the early 
 settlers were eminent men. No other settlement of 
 modern times can show so many — but two were especi- 
 ally prominent, General Rufus Putnam and Doctor 
 Manasseh Cutler. 
 
1J/. Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 General Putnam early conceived the idea of an or- 
 ganized emigration to the West. He wrote to Wash- 
 ington in 1783, and again in 1784; heTiad previously, 
 in 1773, explored West Florida with reference to grants 
 from the British Government for those who had served 
 in the French War. He presided at the meeting called 
 to form the Ohio Company, and was chairman of the 
 committee to draft the articles of association. He was 
 one of the three directors first appointed, and after the 
 purchase he was appointed Superintendent of all the 
 business of the company relating to the settlement of 
 the lands. He was at once appointed a Judge of the 
 Court of Common Pleas, very soon was made one of the 
 three Judges of the Territory, and later became the Sur- 
 veyor-General of the United States. Before coming to 
 Ohio he had risen from the position of a common sol- 
 dier to the rank of Brigadier-General. He had the con- 
 fidence of Washington. In every position in which he 
 was placed he succeeded. By the force of his charac- 
 ter, by his integrity, his energy, he accomplished what- 
 ever he undertook. It is impossible to study the history of 
 those times and the part he acted without being im- 
 pressed with the solidity and excellence of his character, 
 intellectual and executive, moral and religious. In a 
 community of able men, many of them highly educated, 
 General Putnam was from the first the leading man. 
 
 Doctor Cutler was not among the pioneers, though 
 his children were; his connection and agency were es- 
 pecially in the purchase of the land, and in framing the 
 ordinance of 1787. He was a highly cultivated man, a 
 graduate of Yale College, and a member of divers philo- 
 sophical societies. At that time he was pastor of a church 
 in Eastern Massachusetts. He was at the meeting, March 
 
The Ordinance of 1787. 15 
 
 i st, 1786, was placed on the committee to draft articles, 
 all the others being military men, and was made a di- 
 rector with General Putnam and General Parsons. He 
 was appointed to purchase the land, and while making 
 the negotiation the ordinance of 1787 was enacted. 
 
 An ordinance for the North-west Territory had 
 been reported in Congress in March, 1784, by a com- 
 mittee of which Mr. Jefferson was chairman. It pro- 
 hibited slavery after 1800, but this restricting clause 
 was stricken out. It was passed April 23d, and remained 
 on the statute book till repealed by the ordinance of 
 1787. Various efforts had been made to improve it, 
 but without success. 
 
 Dr. Cutler reached New York July 5th. On the 
 9th a new committee on the ordinance was appointed. 
 On the nth the ordinance was reported, and on the 13th 
 it was passed, with but one vote against it. No act of 
 legislation by any legislative body in the United States has 
 been more highly praised than this. Mr. Webster says: 
 "We are accustomed to praise the law-givers of an- 
 tiquity; we help to perpetuate the fame of Solon and 
 Lycurgus; but I doubt whether one single law of any 
 law-giver, ancient or modern, has produced effects of 
 more distinct, marked, and lasting character than the 
 ordinance of 1787." 
 
 Judge Timothy Walker says: r? It approaches as 
 near to absolute perfection as anything to be found in 
 the legislation of mankind." 
 
 For this immortal ordinance we are largely, per- 
 haps chiefly, indebted to Dr Cutler. The evidence of 
 his agency in it has been recently re-examined and pre- 
 sented by a writer in the North American Review, and 
 it seems to be unanswerable. This ordinance was 
 
16 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 the first under which any Territory was organized, and 
 it has been the model for all those that have since been 
 enacted. 
 
 How great the obligations of the great North-west 
 and of the whole country are to this quiet Massachusetts 
 clergyman, are thus apparent. Far distant be the day 
 when the county of Washington, the State of Ohio, and 
 the whole North-west shall cease to cherish the names 
 and memory of Rufus Putnam and Manasseh Cutler. 1 
 
 The contract for the sale of 1,500,000 acres to the 
 Ohio Company was duly signed Oct. 27, 1787, by 
 Samuel Osgood and Arthur Lee, of the Board of Trea- 
 sury of the United States, and b}^ Manasseh Cutler and 
 Winthrop Sargent for the Ohio Company. Payment 
 was to be made " in specie, loan office certificates re- 
 duced to specie, or certificates of the liquidated debt of 
 the United States." The price was one dollar an acre, 
 liable to a reduction "by an allowance forbad land, and 
 all incidental charges and circumstances whatever; -pro- 
 vided that all such allowance shall not exceed, in the 
 whole, one-third of a dollar per acre." Rights for 
 counties of land to the arm)' might be used in pa}' 
 ment, but not for more than one-seventh of the whole 
 tract. 
 
 The tract was bounded on the east by the seventh 
 range of townships, south by the Ohio, west by the 
 west boundary of the seventeenth range, extending so 
 far north that an east and west line would embrace the 
 number of acres, besides the reservations. These were 
 section sixteen for schools ; twenty-nine for the support of 
 religion ; eight, eleven and twenty-six to be disposed of 
 by Congress; and two townships for a university. 
 
 1. In the " Lives of the Early Settlers of Ohio," by Dr. S. P. Hildreth, 107 pages are 
 devoted to General Putnam. A biography of Doctor Cutler is in preparation by Rev. Edwin 
 M. Stone, of Providence, Rhode Island, and will soon be published. 
 
The Ohio Company and Congress in 1792. 17 
 
 The contract authorized the settlers to enter at once 
 upon half of the tract extending west to the west line 
 of the fifteenth township. 
 
 The Company paid half the purchase money when 
 the contract was made; the land to be conveyed when 
 the payment should be complete. But the failure of 
 some of the shareholders to make their payments, the 
 expenses of the Indian war, and losses sustained through 
 their treasurer, so embarrassed the Company that it was 
 impossible for them to pay the remaining $500,000. 
 Early in 1792 the directors met in Philadelphia and 
 memorialized Congress for relief. The Committee of 
 the House of Representatives, to whom the memorial 
 was referred, reported in favor of releasing the Com- 
 pany from the remaining payment, and giving a deed 
 for the whole tract. The House, however, modified this 
 and passed a bill, authorizing a conveyance for that half 
 of the tract already paid for (750,000 acres), another 
 conveyance for 214,285 acres (one-seventh of the ori- 
 ginal purchase) to be paid for within six months by 
 warrants issued for bounty rights, and one for 100,000 
 acres which was to be conveyed in tracts of 100 acres 
 as a bounty to each male person of eighteen years of 
 age, being an actual settler. The bill further provided 
 that the Company might receive a conveyance for the 
 remainder of the 1,500,000 acres on the payment for 
 the same within six years at the rate of twenty-five 
 cents an acre with interest. This last provision was 
 stricken out in the Senate, and the one providing for 
 100,000 acres of donation lands was saved by the cast- 
 ing vote of the Vice-President. 
 
 The bill was approved April 21st, and on the 10th 
 of May the three patents were issued to Rufus Putnam, 
 
18 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 Manasseh Cutler, Robert Oliver, and Griffin Greene, in 
 trust for the Ohio Company of Associates; they were 
 signed by George Washington, President, and Thomas 
 Jefferson, Secretary of State. The three patents for 
 913,883 acres, (750,000 besides the reservations), for 
 214,285, and 100,000, bear date the same day, May 10th, 
 1792. With the exception of one to the State of Penn- 
 sylvania, March 3d, 1792, these are the first land patents 
 issued by our government. 1 
 
 The first party of emigrants left Danvers, Massa- 
 chusetts, Dec. 1st, 1787, conducted by Major Haffield 
 White. The second left Hartford, Connecticut, Jan. 1st, 
 1788, under Colonel Ebenezer Sproat, General Putnam 
 overtaking them Jan. 24th. The first party reached the 
 Youghiogheny, Jan. 23d, the second Feb. 14th. There 
 they built boats, in which they embarked, April 1st, 
 reachingthe mouth of the Muskingum, April 7th. Forty- 
 eight men landed here on that day, and thus began the 
 settlement of the town of Marietta, the county of 
 Washington, the State of Ohio. During that year there 
 came in all one hundred and thirty-two men. There 
 were fifteen families, among them General Tuppers, 
 Major Cushing's, Major Goodale's, and Major Coburn's. 
 At the close of that year, says General Putnam, there 
 was not a single white family within the present State 
 of Ohio save what belonged to the Ohio Company, for 
 Colonel Harmar and most of his officers were pro- 
 prietors. 
 
 In 1762 some Moravian missionaries had gathered 
 a few Indians into a settlement on the Tuscarawas, but 
 it had been broken up by the massacre of the Indians 
 
 I. These three patents as well as the original contract of October 2, 1787, are in the 
 library of Marietta College. 
 
Marietta in 1788. 19 
 
 in 1782. A fort had been built in 1786 by Major John 
 Doughty on the west bank of the Muskingum, and 
 named for Colonel Josiah Harmar, the commander of 
 the regiment. Fort Laurens had been built by General 
 Mcintosh in 1778, but it was abandoned the next year. 
 In 1787, Mr. Isaac Williams had settled in Virginia op- 
 posite the mouth of the Muskingum, and the place still 
 bears his name. 
 
 This was the situation when General Putnam and 
 his pioneers landed in 1788. And at the close of the 
 year there was no white population in what is now 
 Ohio except that which was here at the mouth of the 
 Muskingum. Yet this little community had distin- 
 guished men among them, and was marked by a high 
 degree of intelligence and culture. 
 
 Here was General Arthur St. Clair, the governor 
 of the Territory, who was President of Congress when 
 he received his appointment. Here was General Sam- 
 uel H. Parsons, a distinguished officer of the Revolu- 
 tion and an eminent lawyer and statesman; here also 
 was General James M. Varnum, an officer of distinc- 
 tion, an eloquent lawyer, and a member of the Conti- 
 nental Congress. Both these were judges of the new 
 Territory. These were all men of liberal education, as 
 were Major Winthrop Sargent, secretary of the Terri- 
 tory, Paul Fearing, Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr., Dudley 
 Woodbridge, and various others. 
 
 Governor St. Clair was the only governor of the 
 Territory. Winthrop Sargent, the secretary, was ap- 
 pointed governor of Mississippi Territory in 1798, and 
 William Henry Harrison succeeded him as secretary: 
 When Harrison was elected a delegate to Congress in 
 1799, Charles W. Byrd became secretary. 
 
20 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 John Cleves Symmes was one of the three judges 
 of the Territory. He had been a member of Congress, 
 and at the time of his appointment was Chief Justice of 
 the State of New Jersey. He remained in office till 
 Ohio became a State. Judges Parsons and Varnum 
 both died in 1789, and George Turner and Rufus Put- 
 nam were appointed in their stead. When Judge 
 Putnam was appointed Surveyor-General of the United 
 States in 1796, he was succeeded by Joseph Gilman; 
 and R. J. Meigs, Jr., was appointed in place of Judge 
 Turner in 1798. Five of the seven judges were citizens 
 of Marietta — Messrs. Parsons, Varnum, Putnam, Gil- 
 man and Meigs. 
 
 The first Territorial legislature met in 1799, P au l 
 Fearing and Colonel R. J. Meigs being the representa- 
 tives from this county. 1 Colonel Robert Oliver, a 
 citizen of this county was one of the five members of 
 the Council, or upper house of the legislature, appointed 
 by the President. He continued to be a member 
 of the Council till the State was admitted into the 
 Union in 1803, and for most of the time was the presid- 
 ing officer of the body. In the second Territorial legis- 
 lature this county was represented by Ephraim Cutler 
 and William R. Putnam; and the same two gentlemen 
 were re-elected in October, 1802, for the third legislature. 
 Paul Fearing was the delegate to Congress from the 
 Territory from March 1801 to March 1803. In the 
 Convention to frame a State constitution which met at 
 Chillicothe in November, 1802, Washington county 
 was represented by Rufus Putnam, Ephraim Cutler, 
 Benjamin Ives Gilman, and John Mclntire. All these 
 
 1. Colonel R, J. Meigs is often confounded with his son of the same name, who after- 
 ward became Governor of Ohio, U. S. Senator, and Postmaster-General. 
 
Washington County Established. 21 
 
 were from Marietta except Mr. Mclntire, who lived at 
 Zanesville, then a part of this county. 
 
 Governor St. Clair reached Fort Harmar, July 9th, 
 1788, and was formally received at Marietta on the 15th, 
 General Putnam making an address of welcome. The 
 commissions of the Governor, Judges, and Secretary 
 were read, and thus these officers of the new Territory 
 were inducted into office. 
 
 One of the first acts of the Governor was to estab- 
 lish the county of Washington, which was done by 
 proclamation on the 26th of July, 1 with these boundaries: 
 
 '• Beginning on the bank of the Ohio river where 
 the western boundary line of Pennsylvania crosses it, and 
 running with that line to Lake Erie; thence along the 
 southern shore of said lake to the mouth of Cuyahoga 
 river; thence up said river to the portage between that 
 and the Tuscarawas branch of the Muskingum; thence 
 adown the branch to the forks, at the crossing place 
 above Fort Laurens; thence with a line to be drawn 
 westerly to the portage of that branch of the Big Miami, 
 on which the fort stood that was taken by the French 
 in 1752, until it meets the road from the lower Shawa- 
 nese town to the Sandusky; thence south to the Scioto 
 river, down that to its mouth, and thence up the Ohio 
 river to the place of beginning." The irregular line 
 from Lake Erie to the Scioto was the boundary be- 
 tween the United States and the Wyandot and Delaware 
 nations, made by the treaty at Fort Mcintosh, Jan. 21, 
 
 1785. 
 
 The county included nearly half of the present State. 
 
 The next county formed was Hamilton, January 2d, 
 
 1. The volume of the Ohio Statutes, printed in 1807, gives July 27th, as the date, and 
 the same is found in the volume of Land Laws, printed in 1823, in Chase's Statutes, and in the 
 Ohio Statistics for 1876 prepared by the Secretary of State. But an examination of the papers 
 in the State Department at Washington shows that the 26th is the correct date. 
 
Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 1790. Later were established, in what is now* Ohio, 
 Adams, July 10th, 1797 ; Jefferson, July 29th, 1797; Ross, 
 August 20th, 1798; Trumbull, (all of the Western Re- 
 serve) July 10th, 1800; Clermont, December 6th, 1800; 
 Fairfield, December 9th, 1800; Belmont, September 
 7th, 1801. 
 
 These nine were the counties when Ohio became 
 a State in 1803. At the first session of the State legis- 
 lature in March, 1803, eight new counties were made, 
 viz: Scioto, Warren, Butler, Montgomery, Greene, Col- 
 umbiana, Gallia, and Franklin. The dates of others 
 near us are, Muskingum, 1804; Athens, 1805 ; Guernsey, 
 1810; Monroe, 1813 ; Jackson, 1816; Morgan, Perry and 
 Hocking, 1818; Meigs, 1819; Vinton, 1850; Noble, 1851. 
 
 Immediately after the landing on the 7th of April, 
 General Putnam, the Superintendent of the Company, 
 commenced the survey of the town and the eight-acre 
 lots. He also gave his attention to the subject of de- 
 fense against the Indians. He says: "Besides the pro- 
 priety of always guarding against savages, I had reason 
 to be cautious, for from consulting the several treaties 
 which had been made with the Indians by our Commis- 
 sioners (copies of which I had obtained at the War 
 Office as I came on) and other circumstances, I was 
 fully persuaded that the Indians would not be peaceable 
 very long; hence the propriety of immediately erecting 
 a cover for the emigrants who were soon expected. 
 Therefore the hands not necessary to attend the surveys, 
 were set to work in clearing the ground which I had 
 fixed on for erecting the proposed works of defense." 
 
 The stockade thus built was called Campus Mar- 
 tius, and was situated about thirty rods from the Mus- 
 kingum on the north side of what is now Washington 
 
Early Fortifications. 23 
 
 Street.' It was one hundred and eighty feet square, 
 with a block-house at each angle, and contained dwell- 
 ing-houses sufficient for forty or fifty families. In one 
 of these block-houses the first court was held Sept. 2d, 
 1788, and the same place was used for public worship. 
 After the breaking out of the Indian war in Jan. 1791, 
 a stockade was built at the Point, another at Belpre, and 
 still another at Waterford. That at Belpre was called 
 " Farmers'' Castle," and was on the bank of the river 
 opposite the centre of Backus's (now known as Blenner- 
 hassett's) island. The one at Waterford, known as "Fort 
 Frye," was on the east bank of the Muskingum, a short 
 distance below the town of Beverly. Some minor 
 fortifications were subsequently erected at Belpre. 
 These various garrisons, with Campus Martius and 
 Fort Harmar, furnished such protection that the settlers 
 passed through the four years of the Indian war with 
 very little loss of life. There was necessarily much 
 hardship and privation, but the pioneers were resolute 
 and intelligent, fertile to contrive and energetic to 
 execute. 
 
 The next settlement after Marietta was at Belpre, 
 early in 1789, and another was made at Waterford the 
 same year. This latter was called Plainfield by the 
 people at first, but soon changed to Waterford. In Dec. 
 1790, Marietta, Belpre and Waterford were organized 
 as townships by the Court of Quarter Sessions. At 
 the March session of the Court in 1797, the county was 
 divided into townships, with the following boundaries: 
 
 " Marietta, from the seventh range to the western 
 boundary of the ninth range, and bounded north by the 
 donation tract, extending south to include township 
 No. 2, in the ninth range. 
 
^ Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 Adams, all north of Marietta. 
 
 Waterford, all in the county west of Adams and 
 Marietta. 
 
 Gallipolis, from the bank of the Ohio on the line 
 between the third and fourth townships of the eleventh 
 range to the west line of the county, thence southerly 
 to the Ohio, and up the Ohio to the place of beginning. 
 ' Belpre, all south of Waterford and Marietta, and 
 north of Gallipolis." 
 
 The part adjoining Pennsylvania was called War- 
 ren, and west of that was Middletown, both running to 
 the north line of the county. 
 
 In the summer of 1797 Jefferson county was 
 formed, taking off these two townships, Warren and 
 Middletown. 
 
 In June of that year the people on Duck Creek 
 petitioned for a separate township, and Salem was estab- 
 lished at the December term of the court. It was 
 bounded on the east by the west line of the seventh 
 range, and on the south by the south line of the dona- 
 tion tract, was five miles wide, and extended to the 
 north line of the county. 
 
 In December, 1798, Netvport was established, and 
 another Middletown, embracing a large region around 
 Athens; also Newtown, formed from the north part of 
 Waterford, and described as bounded east by Adams, 
 south by Waterford, and north and west by the county 
 lines. 
 
 In June, 1800, when the census was taken, there 
 were nine townships in the county, three of which, Gal- 
 lipolis, Newtown and Middletown, were outside of the 
 present county; leaving Marietta, Belpre, Waterford, 
 Adams, Salem and Newport. 
 
Townships in Washington County. 25 
 
 Many changes in the townships have taken place 
 since that time, the present number being twenty-three. 
 A list is given of the whole number that have been cre- 
 ated, with the dates of their establishment. Two of the 
 twenty-five — Roxbury and Jolly — have ceased to exist. 
 
 Marietta, Belpre, and Waterford, established in 
 1790; Adams and Salem, 1797; Newport, 1798; Grand- 
 view, 1802; Watertown 1 and Roxbury, 2 1806; Fearing, 
 1808; Wesley and Warren, 1810; Union, 3 1812; Law- 
 rence, 1815; Aurelius and Barlow, 1818; Ludlow, 1819; 
 Decatur, 1820; Liberty, 1832; Jolly 4 and Independence, 
 1840; Fairfield and Palmer, 1851; Dunham, 1856; 
 Muskingum, 1861. 
 
 The population in 1870 was 40,609; in i860, 36, 
 268; in 1850, 29,540. Seven counties exceed it in pop- 
 ulation by the last census, viz: Cuyahoga, Franklin, 
 Hamilton, Lucas, Montgomery, Muskingum, and Stark. 
 
 In 1850, eighteen counties were in advance of 
 Washington. Of the seven counties now in advance of 
 it, all have large cities but two; and of these two, Mus- 
 kingum has one city of more than 10,000 inhabitants, 
 and Stark has two towns larger than Marietta, and one 
 of about the same size. We may say, then, that no ag- 
 ricultural county in the State has a larger population 
 than Washington. The counties exceeding it in 1850 
 and behind it in 1870 are Belmont, Butler, Clermont, 
 Columbiana, Fairfield, Guernsey, Licking, Richland, 
 Ross, Trumbull, Tuscarawas and Wayne. In the 
 twenty years only one county has outstripped it — Lucas, 
 which contains the thriving city, Toledo. 
 
 1. Watertown was called Wooster till 1824. 
 
 2. A part of Roxbury was annexed to Morgan county in 1851, and the rest merged in 
 the new township of Palmer. 
 
 3. Union has now (1877, been divided between Adams, Muskingum, Warren and 
 Watertown. 
 
 4. A part of Jolly was annexed to Monroe county in 1851, and the rest to Grandview 
 in 1850. 
 
26 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 From 1850 to 1870 fourteen counties in Ohio 
 retrograded in population, and twelve of these did the 
 same from i860 to 1870. 
 
 Since 1850 the population of Washington has suf- 
 fered some reduction by the formation of Noble county, 
 and by the annexation of a part of the township of Rox- 
 bury to Morgan county, and of parts of Liberty, Lud- 
 low and Jolly to Monroe county. 
 
 It should be noted that the tendency of the popu- 
 lation in the United States is toward the cities in an 
 increasing ratio. Calling those places cities which have 
 a population of 8,000, the census shows that in 1790 
 the cities had one-thirtieth of the whole population; in 
 1820, one-twentieth; in 1850, one-eighth; in 1870, one- 
 fifth. This makes the growth of this county more note- 
 worthy. 
 
 The movement of the center of population of the 
 United States has been westward about fifty miles a 
 decade, and along a parallel of latitude nearly coinci- 
 dent with the south line of this county. In 1790 the 
 center was a little east of Baltimore, in latitude 39 
 16'; in 1870 it was fifty miles easterly from Cincinnati, 
 in latitude 39 12'. In the eighty years it has not devi- 
 ated more than one-sixth of a degree from its general line 
 of movement westward. 
 
 The area of Washington county is about 613 square 
 miles, which is thirty-five per cent, above the average 
 of the counties. The density of population is almost 
 exactly that of the State as a whole, being a fraction 
 above sixty-six to the square mile. A removal of the 
 county-seat to Waterford was suggested in 181 7, but 
 the formation of Morgan county the next winter quieted 
 whatever agitation there was. 
 
Formation of the State. 27 
 
 The ordinance of 1787 provided for the formation 
 of not less than three nor more than five states from the 
 North-west Territory, and the boundaries were given. 
 When any division should have 60,000 inhabitants, it 
 might form a state constitution. The territory of Ind- 
 iana was formed in 1800, and the census of that year 
 showed a population of 42,000 in the eastern division. 
 After the adjournment of the legislature in January, 1802, 
 another census gave 45,028 inhabitants, and an effort 
 was made to secure the admission of Ohio into the 
 Union. In modern times the people of a territory are 
 usually anxious to exchange the territorial for the state 
 government at the earliest day, and most of our new 
 states have been admitted with a population insufficient 
 for a single representative. But the people of Washing- 
 ton county were in no such haste. Almost unanimously 
 they were opposed to the formation of a state when 
 Congress passed the enabling act in April, 1802. 
 
 In June, 1801, a convention of delegates from most 
 of the towns of the county was held, at which it was 
 unanimously resolved; "That in our opinion, it would 
 be highly impolitic, and very injurious to the inhabi- 
 tants of this territory, to enter into a state government 
 at this time." Among the delegates were Paul Fearing, 
 Elijah Backus, Isaac Pierce, Silas Bent, Robert Oliver, 
 Gilbert Devol, Joseph Barker and others. 
 
 In December of the same year the territorial legis- 
 lature requested Congress to change the western bound- 
 ary of the eastern division from the Miami river to the 
 Scioto. As such a change would diminish the popula- 
 tion as well as the area, its effect would be to postpone 
 the time of admission. The people of this county were 
 in favor of the alteration, and both their representatives 
 
28 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 voted for it. But Congress did not consent to the change 
 in boundary, and favored the formation of a state, 
 although the population was only about two-thirds of 
 the number contemplated by the ordinance. 
 
 The advocates and opponents of the formation of a 
 state were strong in the expression of their opinions, 
 and prove that party feeling had existence before our 
 day. Thomas Worthington, afterwards Governor of 
 Ohio, in a letter to Col. R. J. Meigs, speaks of the en- 
 deavors "to curb a tyrant," referring to Governor St. 
 Clair; and in another he speaks of "the uncommon pains 
 taken by Arthur the First to show that our treasury is 
 in debt." But he does not regard the change from ter- 
 ritory to state as in itself desirable ; " I am by no means 
 an advocate for a state government if we can by any 
 means have tolerable harmony under the present. There 
 are a number of reasons against going into a state gov- 
 ernment, it is true, but can any situation be more disa- 
 greeable than the past has been and the present is." 
 General Joseph Darlinton, a member of the first terri- 
 torial legislature from Adams county, writes to Mr. 
 Fearing in March, 1802, that he thinks the people of 
 his county are unanimous for admission into the Union, 
 "and congratulate themselves on the prospect of having 
 it soon in their power to shake off the iron fetters of 
 aristocracy, and in the downfall of the tory party in this 
 territory," and hope for the day when they shall be "free 
 from the control of an arbitrary chief." 
 
 On the other hand, Judge Woodbridge writes to 
 Mr. Fearing in January and March 1802, alluding to the 
 foolish talk about "aristocrats" and " tories," and express- 
 ing his opinion that scarcely a citizen of the county 
 
Formation of the State. 29 
 
 would wish to come into a state government. Mr. 
 Benjamin Ives Gilman writes warmly, 'and intimates 
 that those who wished to be in favor with the national 
 administration were advocates of the chanere. He is 
 "disgusted with politics/' and is very severe on the Pres- 
 ident for the change in postmaster at Marietta. " It is 
 the most pitiful measure that ever was taken, and reflects 
 disgrace on all concerned in the removal." Hon. Solo- 
 mon Sibley, formerly of Marietta, but then of Detroit, 
 writes to Judge Burnet in 1802, "I did expect that Con- 
 gress would not readily have interfered in the petty 
 political squabbles of the territory." rr We may thank 
 our good friends Judges S. and M., and Sir Thomas for 
 what is done." The allusion is here to the exclusion by 
 Congress of the eastern part of Michigan from the east- 
 ern district of the territory, to which it properly belonged. 
 But Congress by an act passed April 30th, 1802, 
 authorized a convention to form a constitution. The 
 delegates were elected October 12th, and the convention 
 met November 1st. Business of this character was 
 transacted with promptness in those days; for the con- 
 stitution was completed and the convention had ad- 
 journed before the close of the month. The constitution 
 thus formed was not submitted to the people for ratifi- 
 cation, which is the more remarkable as the convention 
 itself was called by Congress without any request on the 
 part of the legislature, and without the opinion of the 
 inhabitants being taken. The question on submitting 
 the constitution to the people was taken in the conven- 
 tion and lost by a vote of 27 to 7. Those who voted 
 in favor of submitting the constitution to the people 
 
 1. Judge Sibley married the daughter of Colonel Ebenezer Sproat, and grand-daughter 
 of Commodore Abraham Whipple. He was a member of the legislative Council of the Territory. 
 
30 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 were Messrs. Cutler, Gilman, Mclntire and Putnam, of 
 this county, Bezaleel Wells and Nathan Updegraff of 
 Jefferson county, and John Reily of Hamilton. It may 
 be stated that Judge Cutler also cast his vote in the neg- 
 ative, though solitary and alone, on the question of form- 
 ing a constitution at that time. 
 
 The convention adjourned on the 29th of Novem- 
 ber and copies of the constitution were forwarded to 
 Congress by Edward Tiffin, president of the convention 
 whose letter is dated "Chillicothe, N. W. Territory, 
 Dec. 4, 1802." On the 7th of January, 1803, the Senate 
 appointed a committee to '"'inquire whether any, and if 
 any, what legislative measures may be necessary for 
 admitting the State of Ohio into the Union, and extend- 
 ing to that State the laws of the United States." This 
 committee reported on the 19th that the constitution and 
 state government was republican and in uniformity with 
 the principles of the ordinance of 1787, and that it was 
 necessary to establish a District Court within the State 
 to carry into complete effect the laws of the United 
 States. Such a bill was reported on the 27th of Janu- 
 ary, passed the Senate February 7th, passed the House 
 of Representatives February 1 2th, and was approved by 
 the President, February 19th. 
 
 As the constitution of the United States gives to 
 Congress alone the power to admit new states, and as 
 the act of February 19th, was the first recognition of 
 Ohio by Congress, it seems clear that the proper date of 
 the admission of Ohio into the Union is February 19, 
 1803. l 
 
 1. Various other dates for the admission of Ohio have been given, as April 30th, June 
 30th, and November 29th, 1802; March 1st, and March 3d, 1803. That of November 29th, 1802, 
 is the one most frequently met with. It is the date of the adjournment of the convention 
 which framed the constitution. If the act of a convention could change a territory into a state 
 in the case of Ohio, why not in the case of Indiana or Colorado? 
 
Marietta incorporated in 1800. 31 
 
 The constitution provided that an election of gov- 
 ernor, members of the assembly, sheriffs and coroners 
 should take place on the second Tuesday of January, 
 and that the legislature should meet on the first Tuesday 
 of March. Edward Tiffin, president of the constitu- 
 tional convention, was elected the first governor, and 
 was inaugurated March 3d, the legislature having com- 
 menced its session March 1st. 
 
 As Washington was the first count)' established in 
 the North-west Territory, so Marietta was the first town 
 incorporated. As a township it was established by the 
 Court of Quarter Sessions in 1790; as a town it was in- 
 corporated by the territorial legislature December 2d, 
 1800. The town of Athens was incorporated Decem- 
 ber 6th, of the same year, Cincinnati January 1st, 1802, 
 and Chillicothe, January 4th, 1802. 
 
 The act of incorporation of Marietta was amended 
 in 1812; in 1825 a charter was obtained, and another in 
 1835. The town, as incorporated in 1800, seems to 
 have been identical in boundary with the township, ex- 
 tending north to the donation tract, and being twelve 
 miles east and west. The charter of 1825 erected into 
 a town corporate such parts of the old town as were 
 contained in "the town plat, recorded in the Recorder's 
 office." This act divided the town into three wards: 
 the second ward embracing the part west of the Mus- 
 kingum, and the first and third lying respectively south 
 and north of "Stone Bridge Creek." The act of 1835 
 gave the same division into wards, but "Stone Bridge 
 Creek" is called "Market Square Run." The same 
 stream in the the days of the earl)' settlers bore the 
 name of " Tyber Creek." 
 
 By the act of incorporation of 1800 the town offi- 
 
Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 cers were to be elected in town meeting by ballot, and 
 votes on other subjects were to be taken by holding up 
 the hand. Besides the chairman of the town meeting, 
 the voters were to elect by a majority vote a town clerk, 
 a town treasurer, and " three or rive able and discreet 
 persons of good moral character, to be styled the town 
 council." 
 
 There was no Mayor till 1825. By the act of that 
 year each ward could elect three trustees, and these 
 nine could elect from their own number a mayor, re- 
 corder, and treasurer, who with the other six should 
 constitute the town council. The act of 1835 made 
 the mayor to be elected by the people; he was to pre- 
 side in the town council, but have no vote. The act 
 itself was not to take effect unless accepted by a vote 
 of- the people. In 1837 Harmar was incorporated as a 
 separate town, and Marietta had but two wards from 
 that time till 1854. In October, 1853, Marietta became 
 a city of the second class, in accordance with the gene- 
 ral law of May 3d, 1852. In the election of 1854 the 
 council was elected from three wards; the first being 
 below Butler Street, the second and third above Butler, 
 one west, and the other east, of Fourth. 
 
 In the matter of local government there are two 
 very different systems in the United States. In New 
 England the town — answering to the " township " of 
 Ohio — is the political unit. In all the Southern States 
 till recently, and in most of them now, the county is 
 clothed with the chief political power. The town has 
 no existence, or, if existing, it is devoid of all political 
 significance. 
 
 The divisions subordinate to the county are gene- 
 rally called precincts in the South. In Mississippi 
 
The System of Local Government in Ohio. 33 
 
 whole counties have no other names for their subdivi- 
 sions than those furnished by the ranges and townships ; 
 as if we should know Lawrence only as Township 3, 
 Range 7. In North Carolina the county seems to be 
 divided numerically; as if Belpre were merely No. 4. 
 
 The Ohio system is not strictly the town system of 
 New England, or the county system of the South. h It 
 is what is called the " compromise " system in the cen- 
 sus report for 1870, and is found in the great Middle 
 States and in most of the Western. The political power 
 is divided between the county and the town; the for- 
 mer has much more importance than in New England, 
 and the latter has less. 
 
 In the incorporation of Marietta as a town in 1800, 
 the features of the town system are seen. The estab- 
 lishment of the Court of Quarter Sessions with many of 
 the powers now exercised by the county commissioners, 
 showed the influence of the other system. General 
 Putnam and his associates from New England were 
 able to incorporate into the new communities of the 
 West some of the features of the town system, while 
 Governor St. Clair from Pennsylvania and John Cleves 
 Symmes from New Jersey introduced various laws from 
 those states. We may be thankful that we have as 
 much as we have of the town system. The opinion of 
 Mr. Jefferson on the merits of this system, Virginian 
 though he was, was strongly expressed at different times. 
 He recommended the division of the counties of Vir- 
 ginia into wards of six miles square. rf These wards, 
 called townships in New England, are the vital principle 
 of their governments, and have proved themselves the 
 wisest invention ever devised by the wit of man for the 
 perfect exercise of self-government and for its preserva- 
 
SJj. Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 tion." Again he says: "These little republics would 
 be the main strength of the great one. We owe to them 
 the vigor given to our revolution in its commencement 
 in the Eastern States, and by them the Eastern States 
 were enabled to repeal the embargo in opposition to the 
 Middle, Southern and Western States and their large 
 and lubberly divisions into counties which can never be 
 assembled." 
 
 The first court held in the territory was that of the 
 Court of Common Pleas at Campus Martius, September 
 2d, 1788. A procession was formed at the Point, 
 where most of the settlers resided, in the follow- 
 ing order: The high sheriff, with his drawn sword ; the 
 citizens; the officers of the garrison at Fort Harmar; 
 the members of the bar; the supreme judges; the gov- 
 ernor and clergyman; and the newly appointed judges of 
 the court, Generals Rufus Putnam and Benjamin Tup- 
 per. Rev. Dr. Manasseh Cutler, one of the directors of 
 the Ohio Company, then here on a visit, opened the 
 court with prayer; and Colonel Ebenezer Sproat, the 
 sheriff, made official proclamation that "a court is opened 
 for the administration of even-handed justice, to the 
 poor and the rich, to the guilty and the innocent, with- 
 out respect of persons." General Putnam alluding to 
 this first court says: "happily for the credit of the peo- 
 ple there was no suit either civil or criminal brought 
 before the court." 
 
 It is probable that the court continued to be held 
 in the north-west block-house of Campus Martius for a 
 number of years. As early as 1792 the Court of Quar- 
 ter Sessions submitted estimates for a court-house and 
 jail — $1,000 for each. In 1793 Thomas Lord was 
 directed to take a log-house near Campus Martius and 
 
The Court- House of 1800. 35 
 
 fit it up for a jail. Among the old papers in one of Dr. 
 Hildreth's collections of manuscripts, now in the college 
 library, is a bill of Nathan Mcintosh for two thousand 
 and four hundred brick "delivered for the use of the 
 old court-house,'"' bearing date December, 1797. This 
 refers to a block-house at the Point, used then for courts. 
 
 In 1799, Griffin Greene and Timothy Buell were 
 appointed, by the Court of Common Pleas, commis- 
 sioners to build a jail and court-house. They estimated 
 the cost to be $3001,81. Contracts were made with 
 Joshua Wells to frame and raise the building; with 
 Joshua Shipman to weather-board and shingle the house, 
 make the doors, lay the floors, etc.; with James Law- 
 ton to do the mason work; and with Gilbert Devol, 
 Jr., to furnish "three thousand weight of good iron" 
 manufactured into spikes, bolts, grates, etc., etc., for 
 which he was to receive sixteen cents a pound. The 
 building was completed in 1800. The court-room was 
 in the second story, being forty feet long by twenty 
 broad. The walls of the jail were three feet thick, and 
 the whole was built in the most substantial manner. 
 Dr. Hildreth speaks of it in 1842 as at that time "one 
 of the strongest prisons in the state." 
 
 The subject of a new court-house was agitated in 
 18 19. At a meeting of citizens held September 13th, 
 a committee, consisting of Governor R. J. Meigs, Hon. 
 Levi Barber, and D. H. Buell, Esq., reported in favor 
 of a new building to be located at the corner of Second 
 and Putnam streets — the present site. The next day 
 the county commissioners passed a resolution to the 
 same effect. The matter appeared to rest for two years, 
 when the commissioners appointed Joseph Holden, the 
 county treasurer, to superintend the delivery of the 
 
36 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 materials. In November, 1821, they advertised for a 
 plan, the building to be forty-eight feet square, with a 
 fire-proof office sixteen feet square in each corner. 
 
 In the winter and spring of 1822, there was no little 
 excitement as to the site of the new court-house. Many 
 were opposed to the corner of Second and Putnam as 
 too low, and favored a higher location. Some advo- 
 cated the elevated square on Washington street; others 
 wanted it on Fifth street near the mound. Petitions 
 and counter-petitions were sent to the commissioners. 
 On the 6th of March they decided to locate it on Fifth 
 street, south of the cemetery, provided a better subscrip- 
 tion could be obtained than for any other location. 
 Three weeks later a public meeting was held, and a 
 majority voted for the "Thierry lots" — where Judge 
 Ewart now resides. At a meeting in April, the com- 
 missioners resolved upon that location; but in the same 
 month they re-considered their action, and again and 
 finally, decided in favor of the corner of Second and 
 Putnam streets. The edifice was completed in 1823. 
 
 In 1854, the additional building on the north was 
 erected, in which is the office of the probate judge. 
 The court-house of 1823 has undergone another trans- 
 formation the present year by adding to its length and 
 height. The present jail was built in 1848, according 
 to a plan furnished by Hon. R. E. Harte. It was pro- 
 posed to place it on the same lot with the court-house, 
 but in consideration of $500, paid by Dr. S. P. Hildreth 
 and Mrs. Martha B. Wilson, living on the adjoining lots, 
 the commissioners agreed to erect it upon the old site. 
 It should be stated that the land where the present jail 
 is, and where the old court-house stood, was given to 
 the county by Judge Dudley Woodbridge; and that on 
 
Punishment in Early Times. 37 
 
 which the present court-house stands was given by Col. 
 Ebenezer Sproat. The bell is the same that was on the 
 old court-house. It bears the inscription, " Barzillai 
 Davison, Norwich, 1802." 
 
 In the early days the jail served a double purpose: 
 it was " for the reception and confinement of debtors 
 and criminals." There were, however, two separate 
 apartments for the two classes of prisoners. But crim- 
 inals were punished in other ways besides confinement. 
 By the law of September 6th, 1788, whipping and put- 
 ting in the pillory and stocks, are enumerated among 
 the modes of punishment. Thirty-nine "stripes" was 
 the maximum. But by a state law of 1805, fifty-nine 
 stripes might be inflicted for robbery, and one hundred 
 for a second offence. In 181 1, fifty stripes might be in- 
 flicted for destroying fruit trees. In 1788, drunkenness 
 was punished by fine, but in failure of payment the 
 offender w T as to sit in " the stocks for the space of one 
 hour." 
 
 In 1800, Robert Oliver, Griffin Greene and Robert 
 Saffbrd, a committee appointed for the purpose, reported 
 " that the north-west corner of the lot donated to the 
 county by Col. E. Sproat is the most convenient place 
 for the pound, and that in the same lot is sufficient space 
 for the pillory, stocks and whipping post." The report 
 is accompanied with drawings, made by Mr. Greene, 
 who also drew the plan of the old court-house. The 
 whipping-post, pillory and stocks, thus erected on the 
 lot where the court-house now stands, remained prob- 
 ably till after 1820. 
 
 In this connection it may be stated that in 1856 the 
 county commissioners of this county, in accordance with 
 a law of the State, made provision for the labor on 
 
Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 roads, quarries, etc., of convicts confined in the county 
 jail, thus relieving the county in part of the cost of their 
 maintenance. 
 
 Provision for aiding the poor was made as early as 
 1790, it having been made the duty of the Court of 
 Quarter Sessions to appoint overseers of the poor in each 
 township. In 1795, a very elaborate act, of thirty-two 
 sections, was adopted from the statutes of Pennsylvania. 
 " Two substantial inhabitants of every township" were 
 to be appointed yearly as overseers. The law contains 
 this singular provision, that the overseers going out of 
 office should return to the justices the names of two or 
 more substantial inhabitants, from which number their 
 successors should be appointed for the ensuing year. 
 And a failure to make such return made the person 
 liable in the sum of twenty-five dollars. 
 
 By a law of the first territorial assembly it was 
 made the duty of the overseers to cause all the poor 
 each year " to be farmed out at public vendue, or out- 
 cry," to the lowest bidder. 
 
 From 1804 the overseers of the poor were elected 
 in each township. 
 
 County poor-houses were authorized in 18 16, to be 
 built under the direction of the county commissioners, 
 who were also to appoint the directors. The term of 
 service of the directors was at first seven years, but was 
 reduced to three. The town of Marietta applied to the 
 commissioners in 18 19 to build a poor-house for the 
 county, but the application was rejected because, as was 
 alleged, the townships would prefer to support their own 
 poor. No step was taken in this direction till 1835, 
 when land was bought of Dr. Jonas Moore for $1,200, 
 and a contract was made with Daniels, Westgate and 
 Alcock to erect a house for $2,040. 
 
The Children's Home. 39 
 
 In June, 1836, the commissioners appointed Samp- 
 son Cole, Eben Gates, and Wyllys Hall directors. In 
 March, 1838, petitions were presented to change the 
 location, and in December of that year a farm of 198 
 acres was purchased for $2,536.58 — the present loca- 
 tion. The next spring the other house and farm was 
 sold to Dr. E. B. Perkins for $4,000. 
 
 Since 1842 the directors have been elected by the 
 people, and in 1850 the legislature changed the name 
 " County Poorhouse " to " County Infirmary." 
 
 The Children's Home has been in successful oper- 
 ation for nearly ten years. The one in this county was 
 the first established under the act providing for institu- 
 tions of this character. The idea itself, indeed, origi- 
 nated here. About 1858 Miss Catherine Fay, now 
 Mrs. Ewing, took into her house a number of poor 
 children, for whom she furnished support and instruct- 
 ion, with some aid from the benevolent and some allow- 
 ance from the infirmary directors. A bill was subse- 
 quently introduced into the legislature by Hon. W. F. 
 Curtis, the senator from this district, authorizing county 
 commissioners to establish Children's Homes and provide 
 for their support by taxation. The act was passed in 
 May, 1866, Hon. S. S. Knowles then being the senator. 
 The history of the institution, which was established 
 soon after the passage of the act, is familiar to the peo- 
 ple of the county. The present trustees are Hon. 
 William R. Putnam, Hon. F. A. Wheeler, and Mr. W. 
 Dudley Devol. Judge Putnam has taken a deep inter- 
 est in it from the first, and has devoted to it a great deal 
 of time and attention. ' Dr. Simeon D. Hart is the 
 superintendent, and Mrs. Hart the matron. 
 
 The first sermon in the Territory was preached Sun- 
 
 1. For changes see Appendix. 
 
J/.0 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 day, July ioth, 1788, in the hall of the north-west block- 
 house in Campus Martius by Rev. William Breck. 
 Rev. Dr. Manasseh Cutler, who visited the colony the first 
 summer, preached a number of times. In the spring of 
 1789, Rev. Daniel Story came out, having been employed 
 by the Ohio Company. He preached for a number of 
 years, as well at Belpre and Waterford as at Marietta. 
 He received a part of his support from the Company and 
 a part from the people. 
 
 The Congregational Church at Marietta was or- 
 ganized December 6th, 1796, composed of members re- 
 siding at Marietta, Belpre, Waterford, and Vienna, Vir- 
 ginia. The first deacons were Dr. Josiah Hart of Mar- 
 ietta, Joseph Spencer of Vienna, Benjamin Miles of 
 Belpre, and Nathan Proctor of Waterford. Rev. Daniel 
 Story was the first pastor, installed by a council convened 
 at Hamilton, Mass., August 15th, 1798. Rev. Samuel 
 P. Robbins became the pastor January 8th, 1806; Rev. 
 Luther G. Bingham, May 3, 1826; Rev. Thomas Wickes, 
 D. D., July 28th, 1840; and the present pastor, Rev. 
 Theron H. Hawks, D. D., October 27th, 1869. The 
 pastorate of Dr. Wickes extended from 1840 to 1869, 
 being longer than any other in the county. 
 
 The Congregational Church at Belpre was organ- 
 ized in 1826, and tha,t at Harmar in 1840. The Town 
 Hall in Harmar was used for worship till November 
 27th, 1847, when the present church edifice was dedi- 
 cated, having been erected on ground given by the late 
 David Putnam, Esq. There are at this time ten Con- 
 gregational Churches in the county. 
 
 The First Religious Society in Marietta was 
 formed March 2d, 1801. The original articles of asso- 
 ciation, with 128 autograph signatures, have been pre- 
 
Religious Organizations. Jfl 
 
 served. This society was incorporated by the legisla- 
 ture February 4th, 1807, two others being incorporated 
 the same winter — an Episcopal society at Worthington, 
 and a Presbyterian at Cincinnati. These were the first 
 religious societies incorporated in the State. This First 
 Society in Marietta was connected with the Congrega- 
 tional church, and worshiped in the " Muskingum 
 Academy," till the present church was dedicated May 
 28th, 1809. 
 
 A Presbyterian congregation was gathered in 
 Marietta very early, and Rev. Stephen Lindley was em- 
 ployed as minister in January, 1804. On the 18th 
 of that month the Second Religious Society was 
 formed. The date of the organization of the church I 
 cannot give, or the length of time that Mr. Lindley 
 ministered to them. On the declaration of war with 
 Great Britian in 181 2, he became a chaplain in the 
 army. January 25th, 1813, the legislature incorporated 
 the " First Presbyterian Society in the town of Marietta, 
 called the Second Religious Society." This society 
 received aid from the ministerial funds derived from 
 section 29, till 1818. 
 
 A Presbyterian church was formed at Waterford 
 at an early day. It is supposed to be the same as the 
 present Cumberland Presbyterian church at Beverly, 
 and is probably the oldest church but one in the county. 
 
 A Presbyterian church was organized at Marietta 
 in 1 84 1, which continued in existence about twenty- 
 five years, though regular worship was not maintained 
 during the whole period. The frame edifice on Third 
 street near Greene was erected by them. 
 
 The Fourth Street Presbyterian Church was formed 
 in 1865, and their house of worship on Fourth street 
 
Jj.® Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 near Wooster, was erected the same year. Both this 
 and the one formed in 1841 were chiefly colonies from 
 the Congregational church. There are now six Pres- 
 byterian churches in the county. 
 
 Besides the " First " and the " Second " Religious 
 Societies formed in Marietta in 1801 and 1804, there 
 were three other societies organized in 1805 and 1806. 
 
 The " Religious Meeting House Society" organ- 
 ized April 15th, 1805, seems not to have contemplated 
 the support of public worship, but simply " the impor- 
 tant and laudable purpose of erecting a Meeting House 
 in the town of Marietta, to be consecrated and devoted 
 to the public worship of Almighty God." To this end 
 the members " solemnly and irrevocably transfer " all 
 their dividends from the ministerial rents for the period 
 of seven years. It was this society that commenced 
 the erection of the laro-e brick builclins: on Third street 
 below Greene. As some of those who were active in 
 this society were among those who in 1804 employed 
 Rev. Mr. Lindley, it may be inferred that this edifice 
 was ultimately intended as the place of worship for the 
 Presbyterian church. But the building was never com- 
 pleted as a church. Both the " Second Religious So- 
 ciety " and the " Religious Meeting House Society " 
 continued for some years to receive dividends from the 
 rents of section 29; the former to 18 18, and the latter 
 to 1816. 
 
 The " Fourth Religious Society " was formed in 
 1805, and was composed of persons living east of Duck 
 Creek. The last ministerial dividend to that society 
 was in 18 12. 
 
 The " Union Religious Society" w T as formed in 
 1805 or 1806, and its members were chiefly or wholly 
 
Religious Organizations. Jj.3 
 
 made up of residents of Harmar. It received dividends 
 from the ministerial rents to 1818. 
 
 It will be noted that of the five religious societies 
 organized in Marietta from 1801 to 1806, no one had a 
 denominational designation, and that only one of the 
 five is still in existence. The other four had become 
 extinct before 1820. 
 
 The first Methodist Episcopal organization in 
 Marietta was in 181 2. The first house of worship was 
 built in 18 14 — the frame edifice on Second street north 
 of Scammel, now occupied by the German Methodists. 
 The church on Putnam street was built in 1839, and 
 hence its name, The Centenary Church. The Metho- 
 dist church in Harmar, now called Crawford Chapel, 
 was formed in 1849, anc ^ the second charge in Marietta, 
 or Whitney Chapel, in i860. 1- 
 
 The Universalist Society was formed in 18 17, and 
 the frame building on Second street, formerly used for 
 worship, was built about 1842. For some years the 
 members of this society have worshiped with the Uni- 
 tarians, but they still maintain their distinctive organi- 
 zation. An act was passed February 2d, 1832, to incor- 
 porate the "" First Universalian Religious Library Society 
 of Marietta." Mr. John Delafield, Jr., in his pamphlet 
 published in 1834, says, the "society devotes the prop- 
 erty which annually accrues to its treasury to the ac- 
 quisition of an extensive and valuable miscellaneous 
 library." This appropriation of their portion of the 
 ministerial funds long since ceased, and the library is 
 not now in existence. 
 
 A Universalist society was organized in Harmar 
 in 1839, and continued till 1849. The church in Belpre 
 
 1. The two congregations in Marietta have now united, and worship in the Centenary 
 Church. 
 
Jfjf, Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 was formed in 1823, and is said to be the oldest church of 
 the denomination in the State. The present number of 
 organizations in the county is nine. 
 
 A Baptist church was organized in 18 18 in Mari- 
 etta township. The first edifice in the county was 
 the brick church near Cornerville, east of the Little 
 Muskingum. The organization in the town of Marietta 
 was in 1833, and the edifice on Church street was built 
 in 1835. The present church on Putnam street was 
 erected in 1854. Rev. Jeremiah Dale was one of the 
 early preachers in this region, doing missionary wo;*k 
 over a large territory. He died in 183 1. Rev. Hiram 
 Gear, who died in 1843, had been pastor of the church 
 in Marietta for six years. There are at this time four- 
 teen Baptist churches in the county. 
 
 A Protestant Episcopal organization was made 
 as early as 1827 in Marietta, and an act "to incorporate 
 St. Luke's Church" was passed by the legislature Jan. 
 9th, 1833. The church building at the corner of Fourth 
 and Scammel streets was opened November 2 2d, 1834, 
 and occupied by this church till 1857, when the present 
 house on Second street was erected. Rev. Dr. John 
 Boyd has been here since 1850^ making his continuous 
 clerical service longer than that of any other clergyman 
 in the county except Rev. Dr. .Wickes. 
 
 The Roman Catholic Society was organized in 
 1839, and their present church edifice on Fourth street 
 was erected in 1853. There are two churches in Union 
 township and one in Ludlow. 
 
 In 1840 the first German Church in Marietta was 
 organized — the German Evangelical Church, St. 
 PauTs. Though not in organic connection with the 
 Lutheran Synod of Ohio, their present pastor is a mem- 
 
Religious Organizations. 4-5 
 
 ber of that body. Their house of worship, at the corner 
 of Fifth and Scammel streets, was built in 1848. 
 
 The Gei man Methodist Episcopal Church was 
 formed in 1842, and has occupied from its organiza- 
 tion the house on Second street, built by the Methodist 
 congregation now worshiping at the Centenary church. 
 
 In 185 1 a third German organization was made, the 
 German Evangelical Church of St. Lucas. They oc- 
 cupy as their place of worship the house erected by the 
 Protestant Episcopal church at the corner of Fourth 
 and Scammel streets. 
 
 The Unitarian Church at the corner of Third and 
 Putnam streets was erected in 1855. This edifice, which 
 is the finest in the place, was built at the expense of 
 Mr. Nahum Ward, and with organ and bell was pre- 
 sented to the society. 
 
 The Church of the United Brethren was organ- 
 ized in 1857, and their house on Fourth street north of 
 Greene was erected in 1866. 
 
 In 187 1 the African Methodist Church first re- 
 ceived aid from the ministerial rents, though they had 
 maintained worship for some time before that. For 
 some years they have occupied the frame building on 
 Third street built for a Presbyterian church. 
 
 In 181 2 a Bible Society was formed at Marietta, of 
 which General Rufus Putnam was president. It is re- 
 ferred to by the correspondents of General Putnam as the 
 " Ohio Bible Society," and bibles and testaments were 
 sent here from New York and Philadelphia, to be dis- 
 tributed at prominent points both in this State and in 
 Indiana Territory. 
 
 In 18 14 (October 10th), was formed the "Society 
 for the promotion of good morals."'' The object was 
 
J/,6 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 " to promote good morals, and discountenance vice 
 universally; particularly to discourage profaneness, 
 gross breaches of the Sabbath, idleness, and intemper- 
 ance; and especially to discourage intemperance." The 
 first officers were Rev. S. P. Robbins, president, David 
 I. Burr, vice president, and David Putnam, secretary. 
 
 In the fall of 1818 a committee, consisting of David 
 Putnam, Wm. R. Putnam, and James Whitney, wrote 
 to Governor Worthington asking him to call the atten- 
 tion of the legislature to the subject of intemperance, 
 which he did. They then memorialized the legislature 
 on the subject asking for action, and saying, " It has 
 been a subject of regret to your memorialists while 
 perusing the statutes of this State, that no paragraph or 
 expression can be found which censures this offence." 
 
 In 18 1 7 this society voted to establish a Sunday 
 School, and the records for 18 19 show that three schools 
 were in operation under its general care. One was at 
 the " Muskingum Academy," under the charge of Mr. 
 William Holyoke, one at the " brick house on Point 
 Harmar," under Mr. William Slocomb, and one for 
 small scholars at " BuelTs school room " at the Point, 
 under the care of Mrs. Whipple and Mrs. Merwin. 
 
 A temperance society was formed July 31, 1830. 
 The officers were, president, Ephraim Emerson; vice 
 presidents, Rev. Jacob Young and Robert Crawford; 
 secretary, Rev. L. G.Bingham; treasurer, Wyllys Hall; 
 executive committee, Caleb Emerson, Junia Jennings, 
 Douglas Putnam, Samuel Shipman. 
 
 From the character of the early settlers more at- 
 tention to education might have been expected than in 
 most new settlements. As early as 1790 the directors 
 of the Ohio Company appropriated money for schools 
 
The Muskingum Academy. If 7 
 
 in Marietta, Belpre and Waterford. From the very 
 first there were schools in which instruction was given 
 by persons of high literary attainments. At Belpre, 
 Daniel Mayo, a graduate of Harvard, taught for a num- 
 ber of winters, and others who had received collegiate 
 training were employed to some extent in the work of 
 instruction. 
 
 Before the first decade had passed steps were taken 
 to establish a regular academy at Marietta. On the 
 29th of April, 1797, a number of the citizens convened 
 "to consider measures for promoting the education of 
 youth," and a committee was appointed to prepare a 
 plan of a house suitable for the instuction of youth and 
 for religious purposes, to estimate the expense and 
 recommend a site. The committee consisted of Gen- 
 eral Rufus Putnam, Paul Fearing, Griffin Greene, R. J. 
 Meigs, Jr., Charles Greene, and Joshua Shipman. At 
 the end of a week the committee made their report at 
 an adjourned meeting. They presented a plan ol the 
 house, estimated the expense at $1,000, and recom- 
 mended city lot No. 605 — the lot on Front street, north 
 of the Congregational church. As the best mode of 
 raising the money they suggested "that the possessors 
 of ministerial lands lying on the Ohio river between 
 Heart's ditch and the south end of Front street, and on 
 Front street, and between Front street and the Muskin- 
 gum river, do pay at the rate of one dollar for every 
 one-third of an acre which they respectively possess." 
 Assessments on other lands were recommended and a 
 subscription to meet deficiencies. 
 
 The report was accepted as to the plan of the 
 house, the cost and the location; but the method of 
 securing funds was modified so as "to assess the pos- 
 
Jf8 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 sessors of ministerial lands in proportion to the value 
 of their respective possessions." The sums thus paid, 
 either by assessment or subscription, were to be consid- 
 ered as stock, at the rate often dollars a share; and the 
 stockholders were entitled to votes according to their 
 shares. At a meeting in August of that year fifty-nine 
 shares were represented, of which thirty belonged to 
 General Putnam. 
 
 Thus originated the Muskingum Academy, which 
 was probably the first structure of the kind erected in 
 the North-west territory. It was used for educational 
 purposes till 1832, when it was removed to Second 
 street, near the Rhodes block, where it is still standing. 
 It was also used on the Sabbath as a place of worship 
 till 1809, when the Congregational church was com- 
 pleted. 
 
 David Putnam, Esq., a graduate of Yale College, 
 was the first instructor in the Muskingum Academy. 
 Among the others who taught before the removal of the 
 old academy, were Benjamin F. Stone, Morris B. 
 Belknap, N. K. Clough, Caleb Emerson, Jonas Moore, 
 David Gilmore, Edwin Putnam, Elisha Huntington, 1 
 William A. Whittlesey, William Slocomb, John K. 
 Joline. 
 
 In 1830, Rev. L. G. Bingham established "The 
 Institute of Education," comprising an Infant School, 
 Primary School, Ladies Seminary and High School. 
 The next year Mr. Mansfield French became joint pro- 
 prietor with Mr. Bingham; Mr. N. Brown, a graduate 
 of Williams College, having charge of the High School, 
 and Miss Spalding, from Ipswich, Mass., of the Ladies 
 Seminar)'. In 1832 Mr. Henry Smith, a graduate of 
 Middlebury College, was the principal of the High 
 
 1. Afterwards Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts. 
 
Marietta College Established. ^.9 
 
 School, and Miss D. T. Wells— afterwards Mrs. D. P. 
 Bosworth — was associated with Miss Spalding in the 
 Ladies Seminary. The High School prospered greatly, 
 and in the December following a charter was obtained 
 under the style of the " Marietta Collegiate Institute," 
 and a board of trustees was appointed. In the autumn 
 of 1833 it was opened as a public institution in what is 
 now the dormitory building on the College square. A 
 new charter was obtained February 14th, 1835, under 
 the name of " Marietta College." 
 
 The Seminary for young ladies also passed into the 
 hands of the same corporation, though the two institu- 
 tions were kept distinct so far as instruction was con- 
 cerned. The ladies at the head of it were successively 
 Miss Spalding, Miss Wells, Miss C. M. Webster, Miss 
 S. Jaquith, and Mrs. L. Tenney. In 1843 the seminary 
 property was sold by the trustees, but the institution 
 was continued for a number of years under the charge 
 of Mrs. Tenney. 
 
 The original trustees of the college were Luther 
 G. Bingham, John Cotton, Caleb Emerson, John Mills, 
 John Crawford, Arius Nye, Douglas Putnam, Jonas 
 Moore, and Anselm T. Nye. But Messrs. John Craw- 
 ford and Arius Nye did not act under the second char- 
 ter. The members of the first faculty were Henry 
 Smith, professor of Languages; D. Howe Allen, pro- 
 fessor of Mathematics; Milo P. Jewett, professor of 
 Rhetoric and principal of the Teachers department; 
 and Samuel Maxwell, principal of the Preparatory 
 department. In 1835 Rev. Joel H. Linsley was elected 
 president, and held the office till 1846. President 
 Henry Smith was at the head of the college from 1846, 
 to 1855, when he was succeeded by the present presi- 
 dent, Israel W. Andrews. 
 
50 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 The first class was graduated in 1838, since which 
 the succession of classes has been unbroken. The 
 whole number of graduates in the classical course is 
 four hundred and thirty-five, with twelve who have 
 completed a scientific course. 1- Of the whole number, 
 one hundred and forty-three, or thirty-two per cent. 
 have been from Washington county. For the last few 
 years the county has furnished to the college classes an 
 average of forty students, being one college student for 
 each thousand of the population. 
 
 The pioneers of this settlement and the directors 
 of the Ohio Company showed their interest in education 
 by causing to be inserted in their contract with the 
 government for their purchase, a provision that two 
 townships of land should be appropriated for a university, 
 and one section in each township for schools. The two 
 townships, as General Putnam says in a letter to Hon. 
 Paul Fearing, dated November 20th, 1800, were "in 
 fact more of a donation of the Ohio Company than of 
 the United States, as this was a part of the considera- 
 tion which induced the directors of the company to 
 agree to purchase the other lands." The good General 
 seemed to be disappointed even at that early day, that 
 the generous example of the company had not been 
 followed. He was looking for gifts to be made by in- 
 dividuals, and writes: "Is there no public spirit to be 
 found in the Territory except only in the proprietors of 
 the Ohio Company ? * * Is it not possible 
 
 that some worthy,, able, public-spirited gentlemen in 
 Adams and Ross counties * * may make 
 
 donations to the institution ?" He evidently did not 
 expect that the land would make a sufficient endow- 
 ment, but was looking for the gift of the company to 
 
 i. This includes the class of 1877. 
 
Educational Institutions. 51 
 
 be supplemented by other gifts from generous, public- 
 spirited men. 
 
 The author of a recent work on American State 
 Universities, after speaking of the obstacles which the 
 institution at Athens has had to encounter, adds : "The 
 very movers in the work, long ago discouraged, estab- 
 lished a college at theirbefoved Marietta." The college at 
 Marietta may indeed be justly regarded as the child of 
 the pioneers; for by the descendants of those that gave 
 the two townships has it been established and sustained; 
 and its eminent success may be attributed largely to 
 this, that it embodies and represents the spirit and culture 
 of those who came in the last century to found here a 
 new home. 
 
 It is an item of historical interest that about sixty 
 of the graduates of the college are the lineal descend- 
 ants of those who settled on the lands of the Ohio 
 Company prior to 1800, representing more than forty of 
 the early settlers. 
 
 As illustrative of the continuance of interest in the 
 institution, and the increase in successive donations as 
 the ability to give increased, this fact may be stated. 
 Among the donors in the first effort made at Marietta 
 in March, 1833, there were seven whose contributions 
 amounted in the aggregate to $2,250; the gifts ranging 
 from $50 to $1,000. The total donations made to the 
 college by these seven gentlemen to the present time 
 amount to over $95,000. And the citizens of Marietta 
 and the immediate vicinity have given, in all, the sum 
 of $165,000. 
 
 An institution was opened at Beverly, in Novem- 
 ber, 1842, under the name of the Beverly College, Re'v. 
 J. P. Wethee, president. It was started under the aus- 
 
52 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 pices of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. The 
 building was erected by Mr. John Dodge, and Mr. Ben- 
 jamin Dana made a donation in land. Besides the 
 building and lot there is a fund of two thousand dollars 
 or more. The institution has been in operation most of 
 the time since 1842, as an academy or high school, 
 and a considerable number of young people of both 
 sexes have enjoyed its advantages; some have been 
 prepared to enter college, in a few instances joining the 
 Sophomore or Junior classes. 
 
 An Academy was commenced in Harmar about 
 1845, through the efforts of some of her citizens, and con- 
 tinued in successful operation for a number of years, 
 till the re-organization of the public schools. As an 
 academy, and as the high school department of the 
 public schools, it was an efficient institution, preparing 
 a large number of young men for college. Among the 
 teachers may be named Messrs. Henry Bates, John 
 Giles, and George H. Howison. 
 
 The Marietta public schools up to 1849, were five 
 in number, in five separate districts, each with its own 
 directors. The question of consolidating the schools 
 under one board of education, and introducing the 
 union or graded system, was first agitated in the fall of 
 1848. At that time but few towns in Ohio had intro- 
 duced the new system, but its workings had been so 
 successful that the people of Marietta were disposed to 
 make trial of it. The first board of education was 
 elected in the spring of 1849, consisting of E. H. Allen, 
 I. W. ^Andrews, Lucius Brigham, Robert Crawford, 
 T. W. Ewart, and Rufus E. Harte; and the schools 
 went into operation under what was then known as the 
 Akron law. 
 
Educational Institutions. 53 
 
 The Marietta Liberal Institute was established in 
 1849, under the patronage of the Universalists. An 
 edifice was erected on Second street below Butler. In- 
 struction in the higher branches was given to young 
 people of both sexes for a number of years, and the in- 
 stitution w r as well patronized. The first principal was 
 Mr. Paul Kendall. 
 
 For some years a school has been in operation in 
 Wesley township, the Bartlett Academy, which is be- 
 lieved to be in a flourishing condition. 
 
 Besides Marietta and Harmar, the towns of Belpre, 
 Beverly, and Newport, and perhaps others, have the 
 graded system of public schools in operation. Belpre 
 has just erected a fine building, probably the best public 
 school edifice in the county. 
 
 The township of Lawrence happens to be the pos- 
 sessor of an educational fund of some $25,000, derived 
 from an oil well on one of the school district lots; which 
 it is hoped may be used for the support of a central 
 school of higher grade for the more advanced pupils of 
 the township. 
 
 As an educational item mention should be made of 
 the Washington County School Association which was 
 formed in 1837. The first officers were William Slo- 
 comb, president, Theodore Scott, vice president, Thomas 
 W. Ewart, secretary. At the semi-annual meeting in 
 May, 1838, an address was delivered by Samuel Lewis, 
 Esq., the first State Superintendent of Schools in Ohio. 
 The records of this association show that many of the 
 leading citizens of the county participated in its pro- 
 ceedings, and that many valuable addresses were de- 
 livered. The last meeting was held in 1854, prior to 
 which time the school system of the State had been re- 
 organized. 
 
54 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 Among the public men to whom the cause of 
 popular education in Ohio was greatly indebted in the 
 early histo.ry of the State, none deserves more promi- 
 nence than Judge Ephraim Cutler. He was a represen- 
 tative in 1819-20, and in 1822-23, and a senator from 
 1823 to 1825; and his attention was largely devoted to 
 the subjects of equitable taxation and the system of 
 common schools. In 1822 he was appointed by Gov- 
 ernor Trimble one of seven commissioners to report a 
 system of education adapted to common schools. In 
 February, 1825, the first general school law was passed 
 by the legislature, providing for a liberal support of 
 schools by general taxation. Mr. Walker, in his His- 
 tory of Athens County, after speaking of Judge Cutler's 
 efforts to reform the system of taxation, says : " His other 
 great achievement at this time was the establishment of 
 an excellent common school system. * * We do 
 not aver that he alone deserves the credit for the success 
 of the measure in the legislature of 1824-25 but he was 
 the acknowledged leader of the friends of common 
 schools, and his experience in public affairs and as a 
 legislator rendered his services of the greatest value." 
 
 At different times organizations for mutual improve- 
 ment have existed, which have called out the efforts of 
 the members and been productive of benefit. A Lyceum 
 was formed in February, 1831, with the following 
 officers: John Cotton, president; Caleb Emerson, vice- 
 president; Arius Nye, corresponding secretary; James 
 M. Booth, recording secretary; John Mills, treasurer; 
 Arius Nye, S. P. Hildreth, curators. Before this Ly- 
 ceum various lectures were delivered; among others by 
 Dr. John Cotton, Dr. S. P. Hildreth, John Delafield, Jr., 
 Wm. A. Whittlesey, John Brough. About ten years 
 
Libraries and Newspapers. o-~> 
 
 later another lyceum was formed which was very well 
 sustained for a considerable period. Dr. Cotton gave 
 lectures on Mesmerism, Hon. Arius Nye on Banking, 
 and gentlemen connected with the college lectured on 
 various subjects. 
 
 As earl)' as 1810 the Fearing Library Society 
 was incorporated. The act of incorporation named 
 Thomas Stanley, Robert Baird, and Elisha Allen as di- 
 rectors; John Miller as treasurer; and Daniel G. Stanley 
 as librarian. The Society was limited to three thousand 
 dollars of property besides books, maps, and charts. 
 
 The Marietta Library was formed, and books pur- 
 chased, in 1829, and an act of incorporation obtained 
 February 9th, 1830. The corporators named were John 
 Cotton, John Mills, Anselm T. Nye, Samuel P. Hil- 
 dreth, and Daniel H. Buell. The corporation was re- 
 stricted in clear annual income to two thousand dollars, 
 and it was provided that none of the funds should " ever 
 be applied to the purposes of banking." This library 
 has been in operation to the present time, and for most 
 of the period has been kept in the brick building on 
 Front street, which was erected by the library com- 
 pany. The number of books is over 3,000. 
 
 The first newspaper published in the county was 
 the Ohio Gazette and the Territorial and Virginia 
 Herald, printed by Wyllys Silliman, and edited by 
 Elijah Backus. It was first issued in December, 1801. 
 (The third number of the first volume bears the date 
 January 1st, 1802). I- Mr. Silliman within two years 
 sold the paper to Mr. Backus, and he soon after sold to 
 Fairlamb and Gates. In 1805 Samuel Fairlamb pur- 
 chased it and changed the name to Ohio Gazette and 
 
 1. In the library of the Antiquarian Society at Worcester, Mass. 
 
5G Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 Virginia Herald. (Volume I, No. 47 is dated April 
 24th, i8o6). 1- He probably continued it, though some- 
 what irregularly, till 1810. 
 
 The Western Spectator was established October 
 23d, 18 10. It was printed by Joseph Israel for Caleb 
 Emerson. In December, 181 1, Thomas G. Ransom be- 
 came the publisher, Mr. Emerson continuing as editor- 
 This paper was published for about two years and a 
 half, and then sold to the proprietors of the American 
 Friend. 
 
 The first number of the Friend was issued April 
 24th, 18 13. It was edited by David Everett, and printed 
 by T. G. Ransom for D. Everett, T. Buell, and D. H. 
 Buell. Mr. Everett died December 21st, of that year. 
 He was the author of the lines beginning 
 
 You'd scarce expect one of my age 
 To speak in public on the stage. 
 
 Mr. D. H. Buell became the editor January 1st, 18 14. 
 In April of that year Royal Prentiss appears as one of 
 the publishers. The number for March 15th, 18 16, Vol. 
 3, No. 27, appeared as Vol. 1, No. 1, New Series, printed 
 by Royal Prentiss. With the first number of Vol. 8, 
 June 26th, 1823, the name was changed to American 
 Friend and Marietta Gazette, printed and published 
 by R. & G. Prentiss. Vol. 11, No. 1, has R. Prentiss as 
 printer and publisher, and the paper was so continued to 
 Vol. 17, No. 21, May nth, 1833. Mr. Prentiss went 
 into the printing office in 1801, and worked on the first 
 number of the first paper. 
 
 In 1833 the paper was purchased by John Delafield, 
 
 Jr. and Edward W. N}^, and was called the Marietta 
 
 Gazette. In 1836 it was under the editorial charge of 
 
 Mr. Caleb Emerson. In December, 1837, it was pur- 
 
 1. In the library at Worcester, Mass. 
 
Newspapers. 5 7 
 
 chased by Isaac Maxon. Prior to its union with the 
 Intelligencer in 1842, Mr. Edmund B. Flagg was for a 
 while connected with it. 
 
 The first number of the Marietta Intelligencer 
 appeared August 29th, 1839, edited by Beman Gates, 
 and published by G. W. & C. D. Tyler. In 1842 the 
 Marietta Gazette was purchased and consolidated with 
 the Intelligencer. In 1844 G. W. Tyler and B. Gates 
 were the publishers, and in 1845 Mr. Gates became sole 
 publisher as well as editor. A tri-weekly edition 
 was started October nth, 185 1, and was continued to 
 January 3d, 1861. In April, 1856, T. L. Andrews be- 
 came the publisher and editor, conducting it till 1862, 
 when it was purchased by Rodney M. Stimson. Mr. 
 Stimson changed the name to Marietta Register, and 
 conducted the paper till 187 1. Mr. E. R. Alderman 
 became the proprietor in that year, and is still the pub- 
 lisher. The Register claims to be the successor of the 
 Ohio Gazette and Virginia Herald, and so to have 
 been established in 1801 ; having thus had, though under 
 different names, a continuity of life for more than three 
 quarters of a century. 
 
 There have been various other papers published in 
 the county at different times. 
 
 The Commentator and Marietta Recorder was 
 started September 16th, 1807, by James B. Gardiner. 
 In August, 1808, it was called simply The Commenta- 
 tor; and in June, 1809, Israel and Gardiner appear as 
 the printers and publishers. It was continued for two 
 or three years, and in politics was opposed to the party 
 then in power. 
 
 The Marietta Minerva appeared in October, 1823, 
 published by John K. and A. V. D. Joline. It was sus- 
 
58 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 m 
 
 pended in November, 1824. The paper advocated the 
 claims of Henry Clay to the presidency. 
 
 The Marietta and Washington County Pilot, by 
 George Dunlevy and A. V. D. Joline, was first issued 
 April 7th, 1826. At first neutral in politics, it espoused 
 the cause of Andrew Jackson in August, 1824. The 
 last number was in May, 1830. 
 
 The Western Republican and Marietta Adver- 
 tiser was started January 8th, 183 1, by John Brough 
 before he was twenty years of age. In 1833 he re- 
 moved the paper to Parkersburg, Virginia, and a few 
 months later to Lancaster, Ohio. 
 
 The Marietta Democrat, by Charles B. Flood, 
 appeared in August, 1835. It was published for about 
 two years. 
 
 The Washington County Democrat was started 
 in April, 1840, by Daniel Radebaugh, Jr., continuing, 
 however, but for a short time. 
 
 The Marietta Republican was first issued Novem- 
 ber 28th, 1849, Amos Layman, editor. In 1853 A. W. 
 McCormick became the proprietor, Mr. L. continuing 
 a year as associate editor. In 1858 Mr. McC. sold to 
 A. J. Campbell & Co., A. O. Wagstaff becoming the 
 editor. In February, i860, W. Scott became proprietor, 
 with McCormick editor till October, 1861, then C. 
 Rhodes till its discontinuance in November, 1863. 
 
 The Home News, a small paper in quarto form, was 
 commenced by E. Winchester, January 1st, 1859. In 
 1862 it was sold to Mr. Stimson and merged in the 
 Register. 
 
 The Marietta Times was established by Walter 
 C. Hood, the first number having been issued Septem- 
 ber 24th, 1864. Since August 1st, 187 1, it has been 
 owned and edited by S. M. McMillen. 
 
Taxation of Land. 59 
 
 The first German paper in this part of the State 
 was established by William Lorey, August 3d, 1856, 
 the Marietta Demokrat, which was continued for nine 
 years. 
 
 The Marietta Zeitung was started by E. Win- 
 chester in the fall of 1868. Since March, 1869, it has 
 been published by Jacob Mueller. 
 
 In February, 1825, a measure was carried through the 
 legislature, which was closely connected with the finan- 
 cial interests of the State, and especially this part of it. 
 Prior to the admission of Ohio into the Union a law 
 had been published by the Governor and Judges of the 
 Territory, dividing the unimproved land into three 
 classes for the purposes of taxation. This division of 
 the land into first, second, and third classes continued 
 till 1825, and operated very injuriously to the interests 
 of this portion of the State. A public meeting was 
 held at Marietta, December 28th, 18 16, to call the at- 
 tention of the legislature to this unequal taxation. It 
 was asserted that land in Hamilton County, worth $c;o.oo 
 an acre, was taxed no higher than land in this county, 
 worth fifty cents. A committee was appointed to 
 memorialize the legislature, consisting of Paul Fearing, 
 G. Turner, Nahum Ward, W. R. Putnam, and D. H. 
 Buell. 
 
 In the winter of 1819-20, Judge Ephraim Cutler, a 
 representative from this county, introduced into the leg- 
 islature a joint resolution that property should be taxed 
 according to its true value, which passed the House of 
 Representatives. In the fall of 1823 he was elected to 
 the Senate, and renewed his efforts to secure a reform 
 in the revenue system. He was appointed the chair- 
 man of the committee on the revenue. The projec 
 
60 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 of a canal between Lake Erie and the Ohio river had 
 come up and Judge Cutler succeeded in convincing the 
 friends of that measure that it must inevitably fail unless 
 based upon a broad, judicious, and equitable system of 
 taxation. To him more than to any other are we in- 
 debted for the law then enacted. The language of his 
 contemporaries clearly shows that he was regarded as 
 the author. 
 
 Hon. Samuel F. Vinton writes from Washington, 
 December 21st, 1824: "We ought to offer up our most 
 unceasing prayers that your plan for the equalization of 
 taxes may be at the same time adopted. Without it 
 inevitable ruin would await the sparse-peopled and 
 sterile parts of the State. In fact those parts of the 
 State will be virtually ruined under the present system 
 of taxation in defraying the ordinary expenses of the 
 government. 
 
 Ingenuity, in my opinion, could not devise a sys- 
 tem more unequal, unjust, and oppressive. I am de- 
 cidedly in favor of improving the inland navigation of 
 the State by canals, if possible; but I hope you will 
 perseveringly press upon the legislature your plan of 
 taxation in conjunction with it." 
 
 The " Act establishing an equitable mode of levy- 
 ing taxes of this State," was passed February 3d, 1825; 
 and an " Act to provide for the internal improvement 
 of the State of Ohio by navigable Canals," February 
 4th, 1825. 
 
 There were no mail arrangements here till 1794, 
 and of course no post-office. On the 24th of May of 
 that year the Postmaster-General, Timothy Pickering, 
 writes to General R. Putnam: "It is proposed to at- 
 tempt the carriage of a mail from Pittsburg to Wheel- 
 
 
The Post- Office and the First Postmaster. 61 
 
 ing by land, and thence by water to Limestone (now 
 Maysville). From Limestone by a new road on the 
 southern side of the Ohio to the mouth of Licking, op- 
 posite to Fort Washington. * * Marietta will 
 be a station for the boats to stop at as they pass; and 
 doubtless it will be convenient to have a post-office 
 there. Herewith I send a packet addressed to you, to 
 be put into the hands of the person you judge most 
 suitable for postmaster." The person selected by Gene- 
 ral Putnam was Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr. The fit- 
 ness of the selection is shown in the fact that twenty 
 years later this deputy postmaster became the Post- 
 master-General of the United States, which office he held 
 for nine years. 
 
 In the same letter General Putnam was requested 
 to select a postmaster for Gallipolis also, which he did. 
 In January, 1795, Colonel Pickering requested General 
 P. to take the whole management of this arrange- 
 ment from Wheeling to Fort Washington (Cincinnati). 
 He writes: " I am solicitous to commit the whole busi- 
 ness to your direction." 
 
 The mail was first carried to Zanesville in 1798. 
 Daniel Convers was the contractor, and the schedule 
 required the mail to " leave Marietta every Thursday at 
 one o'clock, P. M., arrive at Zanes Town next Monday 
 at eight o'clock, P. M. Returning, leave Zanes Town 
 every Tuesday at six o'clock, A. M., and arrive at Mari- 
 etta on Wednesday at six o'clock, P. M." (The schedule 
 and the filling up of the contract are in the handwriting 
 of the Postmaster-General, Joseph Habersham). 
 
 The citizens of the county have had broad views 
 as to public improvements. The letter of General Put- 
 nam to General Washington in 1783 showed careful 
 study of the subject of routes of travel and transportation. 
 
62 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 In 1804, when measures were agitated in Congress 
 for a road from the seaboard to the Ohio river, a com- 
 mittee of gentlemen issued a circular showing reasons 
 for bringing the road to a point opposite Marietta. The 
 circular is signed by R. J. Meigs, Jr., Joseph Buell, 
 Rufus Putnam, Matthew Backus, David Putnam, Benj. 
 I. Gilman, Paul Fearing and Dudley Woodbridge. 
 
 In 183 1 a letter, signed by S. P. Hildreth, Arius 
 Nye, A. V. D. Joline, Augustus Stone, and Levi Bar- 
 ber, was addressed to Judge Cutler, requesting him to 
 prepare a statement as to a road from Winchester to the 
 Ohio river, to be laid before the legislature of Virginia. 
 
 A public meeting was held at the court-house 
 January 3d, 1835, to consider the question of the im- 
 provement of the Muskingum river, and a memorial 
 was prepared and laid before the legislature. A bill 
 was introduced the following winter by Isaac Hum- 
 phries, representative from this county, ordering the 
 work and appropriating $400,000 for the purpose. The 
 bill passed the House February 5th, and the Senate 
 March 4th. 
 
 In 1837 a committee appointed at a county meet- 
 ing commissioned Judge Cutler to go to Baltimore to 
 confer with Mr. McLane, the president of the Balti- 
 more and Ohio Railroad, with regard to the route of 
 that road, which had then been built about eighty miles. 
 The letter to Judge C. bears the signatures of Nahum 
 Ward, Caleb Emerson, John Mills, David Barber, 
 Augustus Stone, and Joseph Barker. 
 
 These early efforts show the active interest felt by 
 our citizens in the works of public improvement. It 
 is not necessary to call attention to what Washington 
 county men have done for railroads in Ohio. It was 
 
Flour Mills and Ship-building. 63 
 
 their energy that carried through the road to Cincinnati 
 against obstacles that seemed insurmountable. Messrs. 
 W. P. Cutler, N. L. Wilson, John Mills, Douglas Put- 
 nam, Beman Gates, and Wm. S. Nye were connected 
 with the road, some of them from its beginning. The 
 Hocking Valley road was projected in good part by 
 Marietta men, and we all know the energy which 
 General A. J. Warner has exerted in pushing forward 
 the Marietta, Pittsburg and Cleveland road. 
 
 The first flour mills in Ohio were on Wolf Creek 
 about a mile from its mouth, erected in 1789, by Col. 
 Robert Oliver, Major Haffield White, and Captain John 
 Dodge. Mills were commenced soon after on Duck 
 Creek by Enoch Shepherd with Colonel E. Sproat and 
 Thomas Stanley, but the Indian war and the flood in- 
 terrupted. In 1798 a floating mill was built five miles 
 up the Muskingum by Captain Jonathan Devol, which, 
 says Dr. Hildreth, for some years did nearly all the 
 grinding for the inhabitants on the Ohio and Muskin- 
 gum for fifty miles above and below the mill. The 
 " Marietta Steam Mill " (in Harmar), was completed in 
 1811. 
 
 The first tannery was established by Colonel 
 Ichabod Nye in 179 1. In 18 13 a cotton factory was 
 built for a company, of which William Woodbridge, 
 Joseph Holden, and S. P. Hildreth were directors. Dr. 
 N. Mcintosh was the contractor, and his son, our ven- 
 erable fellow citizen Colonel E. S. Mcintosh, says, he 
 himself laid the brick. The building was on Putnam 
 street, between Fourth and Fifth, and twenty years after 
 was converted into the old " Academy." 
 
 Ship-building was commenced at Marietta in 1801 
 by B. I. Gilman. It was prosecuted by him and others 
 
6Jf Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 with vigor and success till the passage of the embargo 
 act in December, 1807. Marietta suffered greatly in 
 consequence of that measure. " No town in the United 
 States suffered so much in proportion to its capital," 
 (Hildreth). This branch of business was afterwards 
 revived, and ships and steamboats have been built. 
 About thirty years ago some eight or ten ocean vessels 
 were built here; one of which, the "John Farnum," 
 built by A. B. & I. R. Waters, was sent to Ireland with 
 a cargo of corn in charge of Asa B. Waters. 
 
 In January, 1829, Dobbins and McElfresh started 
 an iron foundry, called the "Washington Foundry," a 
 little north of the Steam Mill in Harmar. A year later 
 it was bought by A. T. Nye. A few years since the 
 foundry was moved to the building erected for a woolen 
 factory, where it is still carried on by A. T. Nye & Son. 
 The foundry of Mr. Owen Franks, on Second street, 
 was established about 1840 by Franks & Hendrie. 
 
 Efforts to establish cotton and woolen manufactures 
 at Marietta have not been very successful though at 
 Beverly there are woolen establishments in a prosperous 
 condition. 
 
 While it is difficult to see why these and other 
 manufactures should not flourish here, the best success 
 thus far has been attained in the departments of iron 
 and wood. There have been various foundries and ma- 
 chine-shops, and establishments for the manufacture of 
 buckets and tubs have given employment to many per- 
 sons. The largest establishment in the place at present 
 is the Marietta Chair Company, of which John Mills is 
 president. 
 
 For Agricultural statistical purposes the State is di- 
 vided into three districts : northern, central and southern, 
 
Statistics— Agriculture and Petroleum. 65 
 
 the latter embracing twenty-two counties. Taking the 
 statistics of the last six years reported, 1869-1874, 
 Washington county holds the eighth place in the num- 
 ber of bushels of wheat raised to the acre — ranging 
 from the eleventh place in 1873 to the fifth in 1874. 
 The yield in 1873 was 9.13 bushels to the acre, and in 
 1874 it was 13.85. Thus in 1874 — the last year whose 
 statistics have been received-of the twenty-two counties, 
 four had a higher average to the acre, and seventeen 
 had a lower; and our county was 14 per cent, above 
 the average of the district. 
 
 There is one product in which this county has de- 
 cided pre-eminence — petroleum. For the years 1873, 
 1874, the Secretary of State reports for Washington 
 county an aggregate of 2,209,928 gallons, and for the 
 rest of the State 185,280 gallons. Thus this county 
 produces about twelve times as much petroleum as all 
 the other counties combined. From statements kindly 
 furnished by gentlemen engaged in the oil trade the 
 whole production may be given as follows: Cow Run, 
 510,000 barrels; Macksburgh, 104,000; Newell's Run, 
 Pawpaw, and Fifteen Mile, 6,000; total 620,000 barrels. 
 At three dollars a barrel, the probable average price, 
 we have $1,860,000, as the value of the oil product for 
 about sixteen years. A few of the wells at Macks- 
 burgh are over the Noble county line, but the result 
 will not be much diminished. 
 
 In a brief account of this county published at New 
 York in 1834, by John Delafield, Jr., mention is made 
 of petroleum — called " spring oil," or " seneca oil," — 
 as having been known to the hunters and early inhabi- 
 tants of the county since its first settlement. " It can 
 be used," he says, ff in lamps as it affords a brilliant 
 
66 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 light. It is very useful and therefore much employed 
 in curing the diseases of and injuries done to horses. 
 It is perhaps the best substance known for the preven- 
 tion of friction in machinery." Most of the oil used by 
 druggists through the different States is sold by a Ma- 
 rietta firm — Bosworth, Wells & Co. This, which is a 
 heavy oil, comes principally from the neighborhood of 
 Hughes river in West Virginia. 
 
 An Agricultural Society was formed in 1819, April 
 28th, styled " The Agricultural and Manufacturing So- 
 ciety of Washington and Wood 1 Counties." The first 
 meeting for the choice of officers was appointed for 
 November 10th, and Ephraim Cutler, Joseph Barker, 
 and Alexander Henderson were appointed to issue an 
 address to the people of the two counties. The meet- 
 ing was held at the court-house, but was adjourned to 
 the 17th, at the academy. At this adjourned meeting, 
 of which Paul Fearing; was chairman and Dr. S. P. 
 Hildreth clerk, the following officers were chosen; Ben- 
 jamin I. Gilman, president; Christian Schultz, 1st vice- 
 president; Wm. R. Putnam, 2d vice-president; S. P. 
 Hildreth, recording secretary; Nahum Ward, corres- 
 ponding secretary; David Putnam, treasurer. The 
 board of managers consisted of the president and vice- 
 president, eoc-officio, with Ebenezer Battelle, George 
 Neale, John Griffith, Ephraim Cutler, J. B. Regnier, 
 Benjamin Dana, A. W. Putnam, Paul Fearing, A. 
 Henderson. 
 
 It is probable that from that time to the present the 
 county has not been without an organization for these 
 general purposes. In 1826 a county fair was held; the 
 committee of arrangements being Nahum Ward, S. P. 
 Hildreth, and John Mills, with Joseph Barker, Jr., pres- 
 
 1. Wood County in Virginia. 
 
Agricultural and Mechanical Association. 67 
 
 sident, and W. B. Barnes, secretary. In June 1834, the 
 county commissioners voted the sum of fifty dollars to 
 the Agricultural Society " to buy seed wheat from New 
 York." 
 
 The present organization was made in 1846, since 
 which time the records are complete. The following 
 gentlemen have been presidents: for 1846, Joseph Bar- 
 ker; 1847, George Dana; 1848, Joseph Barker; 1849, 
 William R. Putnam, Jr.; 1850, George W. Barker; 
 185 1, William Devol; 1852, Seth Woodford; 1853, 
 1854, George W. Barker; 1855-1857, A. B. Battelle; 
 1858, 1859, L.J. P. Putnam; i860, George W. Barker; 
 1 86 1- 1 867, George Dana, Jr.; 1868, John Newton; 
 1869, Augustine Dyar; 1870, John D. Barker; 1871, 
 William F. Curtis; 1872, 1873, John Newton; 1874, 
 William R. Putnam, (declined); 1875, 1876, Thomas 
 W. Moore; 1877, P. B. Buell; 1878, Pemberton 
 Palmer. 
 
 The society has occupied the present grounds a 
 little more than twenty years. Before that time the 
 court-house served as the floral hall, and the streets ad- 
 jacent, or some convenient vacant lots, were used for 
 the display of stock. In 1852 subscriptions were com- 
 menced for the purchase of grounds and the erection of 
 buildings. Subsequently a company of gentlemen made 
 the purchase, and transferred to the society when a 
 sufficient sum had been raised. 
 
 The large mineral resources with which this coun- 
 ty abounds have scarcely begun to be developed. It 
 may be that the region included in the purchase by the 
 Ohio Company will prove to be more valuable on ac- 
 count of its mineral wealth than any fertility of soil 
 could make it. 
 
68 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 The Bank of Marietta was chartered February 
 ioth, 1808. This was the first bank incorporated as 
 such in the State. (The Miami Exporting Company, 
 incorporated in 1803, exercised banking powers.) The 
 directors named in the act were Rufus Putnam, pres- 
 ident, Benjamin Ives Oilman, William Skinner, Paul 
 Fearing, Dudley Woodbridge, Earl Sproat, and David 
 Putnam. The charter was for ten years, but in 1816 the 
 time was extended to January 1st, 1843. The presi- 
 dents in succession after General Putnam were B. I. 
 Oilman, D. Woodbridge, Levi Barber, and John Mills. 
 The cashiers were David Putnam, David S. Chambers, 
 Alexander Henderson, Benjamin P. Putnam, Wm. B. 
 Barnes, Arius Nye, and Anselm T. Nye. 
 
 The State Bank of Ohio was chartered in 1845, 
 and a branch was established at Marietta. John Mills, 
 Noah L. Wilson, and Douglas Putnam, were the succes- 
 sive presidents, and N. L. Wilson, J. R. Crawford, and Is- 
 rael R. Waters, the cashiers. In 1863 this bank became 
 the Marietta National, with Douglas Putnam, president, 
 and I. R. Waters, cashier. Afterwards Mr. Waters be- 
 came president and F. E. Pearce, cashier. It is now a 
 private bank. 
 
 The First National Bank of Marietta was organized 
 in 1863, with Beman Gates, president, who still holds 
 the office. William F. Curtis was the first cashier, and 
 subsequently Daniel P. Bosworth, and Edward R. Dale. 
 
 The First National Bank of Beverly, was started 
 in 1863. Its presidents have been George Bowen, Wm. 
 Mcintosh, E. S. Mcintosh; the cashiers, Wm. Mcin- 
 tosh, S. R. Mcintosh, C. W. Reynolds. This is now a 
 private bank. 
 
 The first and only Savings Bank in the county was 
 
 
Money and Accounts. 69 
 
 established January, 1872 — The Dime Savings Society — 
 with John L. Mills, president. W. H. Johnson, treasurer. 
 
 It is interesting to note the usages of the pioneers 
 as to money terms and the mode of keeping accounts. 
 In 1785 the Continental Congress had established the 
 decimal system, with the dollar as the unit, and in 1786 
 they provided for the issue of the gold eagle and half- 
 eagle. While the terms used b}< T the Governor and 
 Judges in the laws were restricted to our decimal nota- 
 tion, the people were slow to give up the pounds, 
 shillings, and pence; and the first fifteen or twenty 
 years after 1788 show a great variety of customs. An 
 account made out by D. Woodbridge, Jr., & Co., in 
 1799, is in the English currency, and an account book of 
 Joshua Shipman, extending from 1796 to February, 
 1804, is also in pounds, shillings, and pence. The very 
 last entry shows a change. " Nathan Mcintosh, Dr. to 
 23^ days of the boy James, 23.50." The dollar was 
 equal to six shillings, unless otherwise specified. 
 
 A curious use of the decimal system appears in 
 the inventory of the effects of the estate of General 
 Varnum, made January 24th, 1789, by Winthrop Sar- 
 gent, Charles Greene, and Isaac Pierce, appraisers. 
 The sums are entered in five columns, headed E. D. d. c. 
 
 m. Thus, one item is - - - — 
 
 ' 1333 
 
 Another is - 5 5 * \ 
 
 1476 
 
 We should write the two sums $1.33/^ and $14.76. 
 A bill of Dr. Thos. Farley against General V's estate 
 is "D168 2, ($16.82)." In 1789 a fine of "six dimes 
 and six cents," with costs of" one dollar and five dimes," 
 was imposed for failure in road work. And in the 
 same year the fine and costs of two others were " three 
 dollars and thirty-six ninetieths." A bill of lumber 
 
70 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 sold to General Putnam by John White amounted to 
 " 9 dollars ,'"." The same mode of reckoning is found 
 in a paper of General Putnam's, drawn up in 1780, when 
 he was in the army. 
 
 The following extract is worthy of quotation at a 
 time when the various forms of money, and the values 
 it represents, are so much discussed. It is from a law 
 enacted in 1792 by Winthrop Sargent, acting governor, 
 and John Cleves Symmes and Rufus Putnam, judges, 
 regulating the fees of public officers. " And whereas 
 a dollar varies in its real value in the several counties 
 of the territory, some provision in kind ought to be 
 made, therefore: Be it enacted: That for every cent 
 allowed by this act one quart of Indian corn may be 
 demanded and taken by the person to whom the fee is 
 coming, as an equivalent for the cent, always at the 
 election of the person receiving the same, whether to 
 accept of his fee in Indian corn or in specie, at the sum 
 affixed by the foregoing table of fees; one quart of In- 
 dian corn being always equal to one cent and so at that 
 rate for a greater or a less sum." 
 
 It has been seen that Mr. Joshua Shipman in 1804 
 charged one dollar a day for his boy James, (at carpen- 
 ter work). In 1808 the county commissioners ordered 
 that the judges and clerks of the presidential election 
 should receive twenty-five cents a day. 
 
 The citizens of this county have not been slow to 
 respond to calls for military service, as is shown by 
 their history from the time of the Indian wars of the 
 last century, down to the great rebellion of 1 861-1865. 
 Some of the original papers of enlistment are still in 
 existence, with the signatures of those who volunteered 
 in December, 1806, at the call of the Governor of Ohio 
 to aid in suppressing the Burr insurrection; of those 
 
Military Record. 71 
 
 who responded to the call of President Jefferson for 
 100,000 men in August, 1807; and of those who volun- 
 teered in the war with England 181 2-14. The name of 
 Captain Timothy Buell appears on each of these oc- 
 casions, and in the war with England we find the names 
 of Major Alexander Hill, Captain John Thorniley, 
 Captain E. B. Dana, and Captain J. Ford. 
 
 In the late civil war this county furnished over four 
 thousand men, as stated by General T. C. H. Smith in 
 his address at the dedication of the Soldiers' Monu- 
 ment. Besides the many gallant men that went direct- 
 ly from the county, there were in the Union army many 
 others, descendants of the early settlers of Marietta. 
 Among those who held high command were Generals 
 John Pope, Irwin McDowell, and D. C. Buell, who 
 were severally the grandsons of Elijah Backus, Abner 
 Lord, and Timothy Buell. 
 
 Such is a brief outline of the history of Washing- 
 ton county. Personal incidents could not be dwelt 
 upon, and there was the less occason as so many have 
 been preserved in the valuable works of the late Dr. 
 S. P. Hildreth. The materials for a full history of the 
 county are abundant, and its preparation should not 
 longer be delayed. 
 
 While this county cannot claim pre-eminence in 
 any of the great departments of human industry, yet 
 from the 7th of April, 1788 to the present time there 
 has been no lack of intelligent, capable men in the va- 
 rious vocations of life. High intelligence has been a 
 characteristic from the beginning. None of the vil- 
 lages in the best parts of New England could show a 
 larger proportion of liberally educated men than Ma- 
 rietta, Belpre, and Waterford, in the first twenty years of 
 their history. And within the present generation the 
 
72 Centennial Historical Address. 
 
 public spirit and intelligent liberality of some of the 
 citizens of this place have made their names and the 
 name of Marietta household words in the best circles of 
 the land. 
 
 In early times many came to Marietta to sojourn 
 for a while and from here went out to their permanent 
 homes. This was their temporary residence; and plea- 
 sant recollections of it and its inhabitants seem always 
 to have remained with them. So now we often meet 
 with those who have made Marietta a place of educa- 
 tional sojourn; who have spent here a portion of their 
 youth in intellectual training, and have then gone forth 
 to do the work assigned them. But, unlike those who 
 in the early days made this the gateway to the great 
 west, and who have now all passed away, their number 
 will increase year by year. Even now you will find 
 them scattered from Maine to Georgia, from Texas to 
 Oregon. Whatever may be the future of this town 
 as a mart of trade or a manufacturing point, there is 
 every probability that it will become more and more an 
 important educational center. In beauty of situation 
 and the intelligence and refinement of its people it can 
 compare favorably with the most noted seats of learn- 
 ing, while the remarkable generosity of the founders 
 and friends of the College cannot fail to stimulate others 
 here and elsewhere to provide the means for its con- 
 tinued increase in efficiency and usefulness. 
 
 May the people of Washington county be pros- 
 pered in all that pertains to their highest well-being. 
 May her future, for the next century, and for all coming- 
 centuries, be worthy of the noble men who here laid 
 the foundations of this State and the great north-west — 
 worthy of the illustrious citizen whose name the county 
 bears. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Lists of the various Civil Officers have been prepared, and are 
 appended to the discourse. These embrace the judges of the 
 Territory, judges of the Court of Common Pleas, members of Con- 
 gress, senators and representatives in the General Assembly, post- 
 masters at Marietta, and the various county officers. 
 
74 Appendix. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 JUDGES OF THE TERRITORY. 
 
 The Territorial Court was composed of three Judges, appointed at first by 
 Congress, and afterwards by the President. John Armstrong and William 
 Barton were appointed but declined. The following is the list with the dates 
 of appointment: 
 
 Samuel H. Parsons Oct. 16, 1787..N0V. 17, 1789: died. 
 
 James M. Varnum Oct. 16, I787..jan. 10, 1789: died. 
 
 John Cleves Symmes Feb. 19, 178S..1S03: State formed. 
 
 George Turner Sept. 12, 1789..1798: resigned. 
 
 Rufus Putnam Mar. 31, i790..Dec. 22, 1796: resigned. 
 
 Joseph Gilman Dec. 22, 1796. .1803: State formed. 
 
 Return J. Meigs, Jr Feb. 12, 1798..1803, State formed. 
 
 COURT OF COMMON PEEAS. 
 
 Such a court existed prior to the State; it was composed of not less than 
 three nor more than five judges. The following gentlemen were judges, though 
 their exact terms of service cannot be given. 
 
 Rufus Putnam, Benjamin Tupper, Archibald Crary, Joseph Gilman 
 Dudley Woodbridge, Robert Oliver, Daniel Loring,John G. Petit, Isaac 
 Pierce, Griffin Greene, Ephraim Cutler, Peregrine Foster. 
 
 The constitution of 1802 provided for a Court of Common Pleas to con- 
 sist of one president judge and two or three associate judges, all to be appointed 
 by the legislature and to hold office for seven years. There were to be three 
 president judges for the State, but the associate judges were appointed in each 
 county. 
 
 PRESIDENT JUDGES FOR THE CIRCUIT. 
 
 Calvin Pease 1803..1808 John E. Hanna, 1S40..1847 
 
 William Wilson 1808..1S19 Arius Nye, 1847..1S50 
 
 Ezra Osborne 1819..1S26 Archibald G. Brown..i850..i852 
 
 Thomas Irwin 1826..1840 
 
 ASSOCIATE JUDGES FROM 1803 to 1852. 
 
 Griffin Greene 1S03..1808 Walter Curtis 1S24..1837 
 
 Joseph Buell 1803..1810 Henry P. Wilcox 1824..1825 
 
 Joseph Wood 1803..180S Anaxamander Warner 1824..1830 
 
 Ezekiel Deming 1S0S..1824 John Cotton 1825..1847 
 
 William Hempstead 1808..1810 Joseph Barker 1830..1843 
 
 Paul Fearing 1S10..1817 Oliver R. Loring 1S37..1847 
 
 Thomas Lord 1810..1817 Isaac Humphreys 1S43..1843 
 
 Henry Jolly 1817..1824 Ebenezer Gates 1S43..1844 
 
 John Sharp 1817..1823 Joseph Barker, Jr 1844..1852 
 
 Judah M. Chamberlain 1823..1824 Bial Steadman 1847..1852 
 
 William R. Putnam, Jr 1847..1S52. 
 
Appendix. 75 
 
 By the constitution of 185 1 the State for judicial purposes is divided into 
 districts and sub-districts. A judge is elected in each sub-district for five 
 years. This county is united with Gallia, Meigs and Athens, constituting the 
 third sub-district of the seventh district. Since 1868 there have been two 
 judges in this sub-district. 
 
 JUDGES OF THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS FROM 1852. 
 
 Simeon Nash 1852..1862 David B. Hebard, fan. iS75..0ct. '715 
 
 John Welch 1S62..1S65 John Cartwright, Feb. 1875..OCI:. '75 
 
 Erastus A. Guthrie 1865..1874 J. P. Bradbury, Oct. i875..Feb. '77 
 
 William B. Loomis 1868..1873 Sam'l S. Knowles, Oct. i87s..Feb. 78 
 
 Tobias A. Plants 1873..1875 J.P.Bradbury, Feb. i877-.Feb. '82 
 
 Samuel S. Knowles, Feb. i878..Feb. 1883 
 
 Judge Welch was elected to the Supreme Court, Judges Guthrie and Plants 
 resigned, and Judges Hebard and Cartwright were appointed by the Governor. 
 Judges Bradbury and Knowles are the present incumbents. 
 
 PRORATE JUDGES. 
 
 A Probate Court was established in the first year of the Territory, the 
 Governor appointing the judge. The first state constitution abolished the 
 court, but the second restored it. The judge is elected by the people for three 
 years. 
 
 Rufus Putnam Oct. i788..Dec. 17S9, (resigned.) 
 
 Joseph Oilman Dec. i789..Dec. 1796, (resigned.) 
 
 Paul Fearing Mar. i797..Mar. 1803. 
 
 Thomas W, Ewart Feb. 1852-Oct. 1852, (resigned.) 
 
 Davis Green Oct. i852..Feb. 1855. 
 
 William Devol Feb. i855-.Feb. 1858. 
 
 Charles R. Rhodes Feb. i858..Feb. 1861. 
 
 Charles F. Buell Feb. iS6i..Feb. 1864. 
 
 Luman W. Chamberlain Feb. i864..Feb. 1S70. 
 
 A. W. McCormick Feb. i87o..Feb. 1876. 
 
 C. T. Frazyer Feb. i876..Feb. 1879. 
 
 COURT OF GENERAL QUARTER SESSIONS OF THE PEACE. 
 
 Such a court was established in 17S8, and was continued in each county 
 till 1803. The duties were partly judicial and partly executive. The court 
 established townships, laid out new roads, appointed overseers of the poor for 
 the townships, granted licenses for houses of entertainment, &c. 
 
 The following Justices were members of the court at different times: 
 Joseph Gilman, Isaac Pierce, Robert Oliver, Dudley Woodbridge, Josiah 
 Munro, John G. Petit, Griffin Greene, William R. Putnam, Samuel William- 
 son, Joseph Barker, Ephraim Cutler, Henry Smith, Phillip Whitten, Alvin 
 Bingham, Thomas Stanley, Seth Carhart, Robert Safford, William Harper, 
 William Burnham, Joseph Buell. 
 
 MEMRERS OF STATE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. 
 
 1802. 1850-51. 
 
 Ephraim Cutler, Thomas W. Ewart, 
 
 Benjamin Ives Gilman, William P. Cutler. 
 
 John Mclntire, 1S73-74. 
 
 Rufus Putnam. Harlow Chapin. 
 
 The constitution of 1802 was not submitted to the vote of the people ; 
 that of 1874 was rejected by a large majority. 
 
76 Appendix. 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 
 
 The first election of representatives to the territorial legislature was in 
 1798. Paul Fearing and Return Jonathan Meigs, Senior, were elected from 
 Washington county. Colonel Robert Oliver was appointed by the President 
 one of the five members of the Council, or upper house, and subsequently 
 became its president. The legislature met for its first session September 
 16th, 1799; and for its second, November 3d, 1S00. 
 
 Ephraim Cutler and William R. Putnam were elected representatives to 
 the second legislature, which met November 24th, 1801. These gentlemen 
 were also re-elected in October, 1S02, to the third territorial legislature; 
 which, however, was never convened, as Ohio was admitted into the Union 
 February 19th, 1803. Nor did the second legislature hold a second sesssion. 
 
 The first State legislature met March 1st, 1803, the second on the first 
 Monday of December, 1803. The senators were elected for two years, the 
 representatives for one. This county has been associated with others in the 
 election of senators, and at times also in the election of representatives. In 
 1S03 and 1804 she elected alone. From 1805 to 1807, inclusive, the district 
 embraced Washington, Gallia, Muskingum, and Athens. From 1808 to 
 1819, it embraced Washington and Athens ; and from 1820 to 1823, Washing- 
 ton and Morgan. Since that time Washington county has constituted the 
 district. 
 
 The following list contains the names of those only who belonged in this 
 county, as it is now bounded. Under the first constitution the sessions of the 
 legislature began on the first Monday of December. 
 
 TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE. 
 
 SENATORS. REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 Paul Fearing ) o 
 
 Robert Oliver (President) 1799..1803. Return J. Meigs..f 799" 
 
 Ephraim Cutler ) n g 
 
 William R. Putnam. $ " ■*• 
 
 STATE LEGISLATURE. 
 
 SENATORS. REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 1st Assembly Joseph Buell William Jackson 1803. 
 
 2d " ... U°, se P h ^ ue ! ] William Jackson 1803. 
 
 { Elijah Backus J ° 
 
 3d " Joseph Buell Seth Carhart 1804. 
 
 , „ j Joseph Buell o 
 
 4 tn •• } Hallam Hempstead. 5 ' 
 
 5th " Hallam Hempstead. Levi Barber 1806. 
 
 6th " John Sharp Joseph Palmer 1S07. 
 
 7th " John Sharp William Woodbridge i8c8. 
 
 8th " William R. Putnam 1809. 
 
 S. P. Hildreth ) _~ 
 
 9th « W.R.Putnam \ lSl °' 
 
 10th " William Woodbridge S. P. Hildreth 1811. 
 
 nth " William Woodbridge Sardine Stone 1812. 
 
 12th " William Woodbridge Sardine Stone 1813. 
 
 13th " William R. Putnam John Sharp 1814. 
 
 14th " John Sharp Henry Jolly 1S15. 
 
 15th " John Sharp Sardine Stone 1816. 
 
 16th " Sardine Stone Nathanael Hamilton 1817. 
 
 17th " Sardine Stone Joseph Barker 1818. 
 
Appendix. 7 7 
 
 SENATORS. REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 iSth Assembly Sardine Stone Ephraim Cutler 1819. 
 
 19th " Sardine Stone Timothy Buell 1820. 
 
 20th " Sardine Stone Timothy Buell 1821. 
 
 21st " Sardine Stone Ephraim Cutler 1822. 
 
 22d " Ephraim Cutler William Skinner x §23. 
 
 23d il Ephraim Cutler John Cotton 1824. 
 
 24th " William R. Putnam 1825. 
 
 25th " William R. Putnam 1826. 
 
 26th " William R. Putnam.. Arius Nye 1827. 
 
 27th " William R. Putnam.. Arius Nye 1828. 
 
 28th " Joseph Barker, Jr 1829. 
 
 29th " Joseph Barker, Jr 1830. 
 
 30th " Arius Nye James M. Booth l $3i' 
 
 31st " Arius Nye James M. Booth 1832. 
 
 32d " Silas Cook ^33- 
 
 33d " Joseph Barker, Jr T 834. 
 
 34th " Isaac Humphreys T 835- 
 
 3^th " Isaac Humphreys !83°- 
 
 36th " Walter Curtis 1837. 
 
 3 7th " Walter Curtis 1S38. 
 
 3Sth " Isaac Humphreys... William A. Whittlesey I 839- 
 
 39th " Isaac Humphreys... Arius Nye 1840. 
 
 40th " Truxton Lyon 1841. 
 
 41st •' George M. Woodbridge 1842. 
 
 42d " William Glines I ^3- 
 
 43d " William P. Cutler 1844. 
 
 44th " Rufus E. Harte William P. Cutler 1845. 
 
 45th " Rufus E. Harte William P. Cutler (Speaker). ...1846. 
 
 46th " George W. Barker 1847. 
 
 47th " Seth Woodford 1S48. 
 
 48th " George W. Barker. Seth Woodford 1849. 
 
 49th " George W. Barker. Ebenezer Battelle, Jr ^o. 
 
 Under the constitution of 1851 both senators and representatives are 
 elected for two years. The regular sessions commence on the first Monday 
 of January. 
 
 SENATORS. REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 50th Assembly Levi Bartlett 1852. 
 
 51st " Harley Lafiin Thomas Ross l &54- 
 
 _ j „ Sam'l Hutchinson ) ~ ,- 
 
 5 James Lawton J 3 
 
 53d " Davis Green O.' Lewfs^Clarke } l ^ S - 
 
 54th " John Haddow 1S60. 
 
 1515th '' O. Lewis Clarke 1862. 
 
 56th " William F.Curtis Mark Green 1864. 
 
 A. L. Curtis | 
 
 57th " Samuel S. Knowles A. L. Haskin > 1866. 
 
 James B.Green 1 J 
 
 » , „ Sam'l M. Richardson") , 
 
 5 8th " Perez B. Buell } l868 ' 
 
 159th " Rodney M. Stimson John A. Brown 1870. 
 
 60th " Rodney M. Stimson William G. Way 1872. 
 
 61st " Perez B. Buell John Varley !874> 
 
 , . Henry Bohl ) c,-^ 
 
 62d r -,, J . c -<.u >■ iovo. 
 
 Gilbert Smith j 
 
 - , tit- Henry Bohl 1 „ Q 
 
 63d John Irvine GUh / n Smith } 1878. 
 
 1. Mr. Green was elected to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. Haskin. 
 
78 Appendix. 
 
 MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. 
 
 The Territory was represented in Congress by a delegate for four years 
 from 1799 to 1803. Wm. H. Harrison was the first delegate. Having been ap- 
 pointed Governor of the Territory of Indiana, he was succeeded by Wm. McMil- 
 lan. From 1S01 to 1803, Paul Fearing, of this county, was the delegate. 
 From 1803 to 1813 Ohio had but one representative in Congress. From 1813 
 to 1823 she had six ; from 1823 to 1833, fourteen ; 1833 to 1843, nineteen ; 
 1S43 to 1863, twenty-one ; 1863 to 1873, nineteen ; since 1873, twenty. 
 
 Washington county from 1803 has been in the following Congressional 
 districts : first, third, seventh, sixth, thirteenth, sixteenth, fifteenth. 
 
 Territory. William Henry Harrison, Hamilton Co 1799. .1S00. 
 
 " William McMillan, Hamilton Co 1800..1801. 
 
 " Paul Fearing, Washington Co 1801..1803. 
 
 Whole State, Jeremiah Morrow, Warren Co 1803..1813. 
 
 3d District, William Creighton, Jr., Ross Co 1S13..1817. 
 
 3d " Levi Barber, Washington Co 1817..1819. 
 
 3d •' Henry Brush, Ross Co 1819..1821. 
 
 3d " Levi Barber, Washington Co 1S21..1823. 
 
 6th « ( (4yrs)S Samuel F - Vinton ' Gallia Co 1823..1837. 
 
 6th " Calvary Morris, Athens Co 1S37..1843. 
 
 13th " Perley B. Johnson, Morgan Co 1843..1845. 
 
 13th " Isaac Parrish, Morgan Co 1845..1847. 
 
 13th " Thomas Ritchey, Perry Co 1847..1849. 
 
 13th " William A. Whittlesey, Washington C0....1849..1851. 
 
 13th " James M. Gaylord, Morgan Co 1S51..1S53. 
 
 16th " Edward Ball, Muskingum Co 1853..1857. 
 
 16th " Cydnor B. Tompkins, Morgan Co i8s7«i86i. 
 
 16th " William P. Cutler, Washington Co 1S61..1863. 
 
 15th " James R. Morris, Monroe Co 1863..1865. 
 
 15th " Tobias A. Plants, Meigs Co 1865..1869. 
 
 15th " Eliakim H. Moore, Athens Co 1869..1871. 
 
 15th " William P. Sprague, Morgan Co 1S71..1S75. 
 
 15th " Nelson H. Van Vorhes, Athens Co 1875..1879. 
 
 COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 Provision was made for three such officers by a law adopted from the 
 Pennsylvania code by the Governor and Judges in 1795, and confirmed by 
 the Territorial legislature in 1799. They were to be appointed by the Court 
 of Quarter Sessions. The State law of 1804 provided for their election by 
 the people, one each year, the term of office being three years. 
 
 The following were appointed under the law of the Territory : Wm. R. 
 Putnam, Paul Fearing, Oliver Rice, Gilbert Devol, Jonathan Haskell, Simeon 
 Deming, Isaac Pierce. Of these, Isaac Pierce served till 1804, W. R. 
 Putnam till 1805, and Simeon Deming till 1806. The list of those elected 
 in successive years is as follows : 
 
 1804 Nathanael Hamilton 1S11 Daniel Goodno 
 
 1805 John Sharp 1812 Henry Jolly 
 
 1S06 Paul Fearing 1S13 Nathanael Hamilton 
 
 1807 Nathanael Hamilton 1814 Daniel Goodno 
 
 1808 Joseph Barker 1815 William Skinner 
 
 1809 Paul Fearing (resigned) 1816 Titan Kemble 
 
 1S09 John Sharp (for 2 yrs) 1817 John B. Regnier 
 
 1810 Nathanael Hamilton 1818 Daniel Goodno 
 
Appendix. 79 
 
 1819 Titan Kemble (resigned) 1847 Lewis H. Greene 
 
 1820 John B. Regnier (died) 1848 Douglas Putnam 
 
 1821 Samuel Beach (2 years) 1849 John Breckenridge 
 
 1821 Amzi Stanley (1 year) 1850 George Stanley 
 
 1821 Daniel Goodno 1851 Douglas Putnam 
 
 1822 Joseph Barker 1852 Walter Curtis 
 
 1S23 William R. Putnam 1853 Benjamin Rightmire 
 
 1824 Daniel H. Buell (resigned)i854 William Mason 
 
 1825 Joseph Barker 1855 Walter Curtis 
 
 1825 Thomas White (1 year) 1856 Charles Dana 
 
 1826 William Pitt Putnam 1857 William R. Putnam 
 
 1826 Silas Cook (1 year) 1S58 Joseph Penrose 
 
 1827 Anselm T. Nye 18=59 Zachariah Cochrane 
 
 1828 Seth Baker (1 year) i860 James McWilliams 
 
 1829 Joel Tuttle 1861 J.J. Hollister 
 
 1S29 Jabish F.Palmer (2years)iS62 Wm. Thomas 
 
 1830 Anselm T. Nye 1863 Anthony Sheets (resigned) 
 
 1831 Jabish F.Palmer 1S64 J. J. Hollister 
 
 1832 Ebenezer Battelle ^^o George Benedict 
 
 1833 William Pitt Putnam 1865 James Little (1 year) 
 
 1834 John D. Chamberlain 1866 James Little 
 
 1S35 Robert K. Ewart 1867 Seymour Clough 
 
 1836 Daniel H. Buell 1868 George Benedict 
 
 1837 John D. Chamberlain 1S69 Thomas Caywood 
 
 1838 William Dana i87o Mark Green (resigned) 
 
 1839 Daniel H. Buell i87i Joseph Penrose 
 
 1840 John D. Chamberlain 1S71 Cyrenius Buchanan (2 years) 
 
 1841 James Dutton i872 John Hall 
 
 1842 Douglas Putnam x §73 Pemberton Palmer 
 
 1843 Hiram Gard x §74 John Pool 
 
 1844 William West 1875 John Potter 
 
 1840 Douglas Putnam i876 Moses A. Maltster 
 
 1846 Boylston Shaw 1877 John Hoppel 
 
 COUNTY AUDITOR. 
 
 The office was created in 1820. The General Assembly appointed the 
 first Auditor. In 1821 the Auditor was required to be elected by the people 
 each year. In 1824 the law made the term two years. 
 
 The successive Auditors have been : 
 
 Royal Prentiss 1S20..1825 Horatio Booth 1854..1856 
 
 William A. Whittlesey 1825..1838 Frederick A. Wheeler 1856..1864 
 
 James M. Booth 1838..1840 Zadok G. Bundy..... 1864..1868 
 
 Joseph P. Wightman 1840..1842 John V.Ramsey 1S68..1870 
 
 James M. Booth 1842..1S46 John T.Matthews.. iS7o..iS76 
 
 Sala Bosworth 1S46..1854 Benjamin J. McKinney 1876..1873 
 
 COUNTY RECORDERS. 
 
 Under the Territory the Recorder — styled Register till 1795 — was ap- 
 pointed by the Governor. By the law of 1803 the associate judges appointed, 
 for seven years. By the law of 1829 the people elect, for three years. 
 
 Enoch Parsons 1788 I 79° 
 
 Dudley Woodbridge April, ^go.June, igo7 
 
 Giles Hempstead June, i8o7..June, 1814 
 
 George Dunlevy June, i8i4..June, 1817 
 
80 Appendix. 
 
 Daniel H. Buell June, iSi7..0ct., 1834 
 
 James M. Booth Oct., 1834. .Nov. 1837 
 
 Daniel P. Bosworth Nov., i837-.Oct., 1S43 
 
 Stephen Newton Oct., 1843..N0V. 1855 
 
 William B. Mason Nov., iS55..Jan. 1S62 
 
 Manly Warren J«in-, 1862-Mav, 1S64 
 
 Win. Warren (appointed) May, 1864-Jan. 1S65 
 
 Geo. J. Bartmess Jan., iS6 % t;..Aug. 1866 
 
 A. T. Ward (appointed) Au g-> i866..Jan. i867 
 
 James Nixon J an -, iS67» 
 
 COUNTY TREASURERS. 
 
 The Governor appointed till the formation of the State. By the law of 1803, 
 the associate judges appointed. By the law of 1804, the commissioners ap- 
 pointed annually. Since 1827 the people have elected, for two years. By the 
 constitution of 185 1 the Treasurer is eligible only four years in six. 
 
 Jonathan Stone 1792. .1801 Stephen Newton 1856. .1858 
 
 Jabez True 1801..1817 Ebenezer B. Leget i8q8..i86o 
 
 Joseph Holden 1817..1828 William B.Thomas 1860..1862 
 
 Weston Thomas 1828..1830 Rufus E. Harte 1862..1866 
 
 Royal Prentiss 1830..1832 William B. Mason 1866..1868 
 
 Michael Deterly 1832..1836 Lewis Anderson 1868.-1870 
 
 Ebenezer Gates 1836..1838 Ernest Lindner 1870..1874 
 
 Robert Crawford 1838..1SSO William S. Waugh 1874..1878 
 
 Abner L. Guitteau 1850..1856 William R. Goddard 1S78..1880 
 
 COUNTY COLLECTORS. 
 
 For some years prior to 1S04 there were township collectors, and they per- 
 formed some service in 1805. The office of Countv Collector was abolished 
 in 1827. * 
 
 Nathanael Gushing 1804. .1806 Timothy Buell 1808..1S20 
 
 William Burnham 1S06..1807 Jesse Loring 1820.. 1822 
 
 Obadiah Lincoln 1807..180S Timothy Buell 1822..1823 
 
 Jesse Loring 1823.. 1827. 
 
 SHERIFFS. 
 
 Under the Territory the Governor appointed. Under the State the peo- 
 ple elect, for two years. Sheriffs are eligible only four years in six. 
 
 Ebenezer Sproat Sept. 2, 17SS to 1802 
 
 William Skinner 1802 to 1803 
 
 John Clark 1803 to 1810 
 
 William Skinner 1810 to 1812 
 
 Timothy Buell 1S12 to 1S14 
 
 Alexander Hill 18 14 to 18 16 
 
 Timothy Buell 1816 to Oct. 1S20 
 
 Silas Cook Oct. 1820 to " 1824 
 
 Jesse Loring " 1824 to " 1S2S 
 
 Robert R. Green " 182S to " 1832 
 
 Jesse Loring " 1832 to " 1834 
 
 Benjamin M. Brown " 183410 " 1838 
 
 John Test " 183S to " 1842 
 
 George W. Barker " 184210 " 1846 
 
 Junia Jennings " 184610 ,, tS.S 
 
 Jesse Hildebrand " 1850 to Jan. 1853 
 
 Marcellus J. Morse Jan. 1853 to ,, 1857 
 
Appendix. 81 
 
 Mark Green " 1857 to " 1861 
 
 Augustus Winsor " 1S61 to " 1 &(>S 
 
 Jackson A. Hicks " 1865 to " 1869 
 
 Samuel L. Grosvenor " 1S69 to " X S73 
 
 George Davenport l< 1873 to " l &17 
 
 William T. Stedman " 1S77 to " l8 79 
 
 CORONERS. 
 
 Provision was made in 178S for a Coroner in each county, to be appointed 
 by the Governor. The first State constitution also provided for one to be 
 elected every two years by the people, and a law of 1854 continued the provi- 
 sion. The list appended is believed to be correct from 1S12 to the present 
 time; there is some uncertainty as to the previous periods. 
 
 Charles Green (Territory). Chauncey T. Jiidd ^S^ 
 
 Joel Bowen 1S03 Finley Wilson 1852 
 
 Joseph Holden 1806 James H.Jones l8 53 
 
 Alexander Hill 1S12 Chauncev T. Judd 1S55 
 
 Silas Cook 1814 Benjamin F. Stone l8 57 
 
 Sampson Cole 1816 Louis Soyez l %59 
 
 Silas Cook 1S18 Allen M. Creigbaum i860 
 
 John Merrill 1S20 Lemuel Grimes 1864 
 
 Griffin Greene 1824 Simeon D. Hart 1S66 
 
 Francis Devol x 834 Herman Michaelis 1868 
 
 Warden Willis 1S36 Philip Emrich 1870 
 
 Lawrence Chamberlain J^S Marcellus J. Morse 1872 
 
 John T. Clogston 1844 T. C. Kiger ig74 
 
 Lawrence Chamberlain 1S46 Conrad Krigbaum 1876 
 
 PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS. 
 
 This officer was appointed by the courts under the territory. The State 
 law of 1S03 gave the appointment to the Supreme Court, and that of 1805 to 
 the Court of Common Pleas. From 1833 the people have elected. The 
 term of office is two years. 
 
 Paul Fearing Sept. 9, 1788 to 1794 
 
 Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr J 794 to x 79 8 
 
 Matthew Backus 1798 to 1808 
 
 William Woodbridge 1808 to Feb. 6, 1815 
 
 Caleb Emerson Feb. 6. 1815 to April 10, 1S21 
 
 John P. Mayberry April 10, 1821 to Oct. 30, 1829 
 
 Arius Nye Oct. 30, 1S29 to Aug. 17, 1840 
 
 David Barber Oct. 26, 1840 to April 3, 1845 
 
 Arius Nye April 3, 1S45 to March 8, 1847 
 
 William "D. Emerson March 8, 1S47 to March 13, 1S48 
 
 William S. Nye March 13, 1848 to March, 1850 
 
 Davis Green March, 1S50 to April 5, 1852 
 
 Rufus E. Harte April 5, 1S52 to Oct. 4, 1852 
 
 Samuel B. Robinson Oct. 4, 1552 to Jan. 1855 
 
 Charles R. Rhodes Jan. 1S55 to Jan. 1857 
 
 Samuel B. Robinson Jan. 1857 to Jan. 1859 
 
 Charles R. Barclay Jan. 1859 to Jan. 1S61 
 
 Frank Buell Jan. 1861 to April, 1861 
 
 Melvin Clarke April 1861 to Oct. 11, 1861 
 
 William S. Nye Oct. 11, 1S61 to Jan. 1862 
 
 David Alban./. Jan. 1862 to Jan. 186S 
 
 Walter Brabham Jan. 1S68 to Jan. 1870 
 
 Reuben L. Nye Jan. 1870 to Jan. 1872 
 
82 Appendix. 
 
 Walter Bratham Jan. 1872 to Jan. 1874 
 
 Samuel B. Robinson Jan. 1874 to Jan. 1876 
 
 Frank F. Oldham Jan. 1S76 to Jan. 1880 
 
 CLERKS OF THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS. 
 
 Under the Territory the title for Clerk of the Court of Common 
 Pleas was Prothonotary. This officer and the clerk of the Court of Quarter 
 Sessions were appointed by the Governor. Under the State Constitution of 
 1802 the Court appointed its own clerk for seven years. Under that of 1851 
 the people elect, for three years. 
 
 Return Jonathan Meigs Sept. 9, 1798 to June 9, 1795 
 
 Benjamin Ives Gilman June 9, 1795 to July, I 8°3 
 
 Edward W. Tupper July, 1803 to Oct. 31, 1S0S 
 
 Giles Hempstead Oct. 31, 1808 to Jan. 1 1809 
 
 Levi Barber Jan. 1, 1809 to March 1, 1817 
 
 George Dunlevy March 1, 1817 to Oct. 31, 1836 
 
 Thomas W. Ewart Oct. 31, 1836 to Oct. 21, 1851 
 
 William C. Taylor Oct. 21, 18151 to Feb. 18152 
 
 George S. Gilliland Feb. 1852 to July, 1852 
 
 William C. Tavlor July, 1852 to Feb. 1854 
 
 O. Lewis Clarke .Feb. 1854 to Feb. 1857 
 
 Jasper S. Sprague Feb. 18157 to Feb. 1863 
 
 Willis H.Johnson Feb. 1S63 to Feb. 1866 
 
 Jewett Palmer .Feb. 1866 to Feb. 1872 
 
 Daniel B. Torpy Feb. 1872 to Feb. 1878 
 
 Christian H. Etz Feb. 187S to Feb. 1881 
 
 COUNTY SURVEYORS. 
 
 From 1803 to 1831 the surveyor was appointed by the Court of Com- 
 mon Pleas and Commissioned by the Governor Since 1S31 the eleetion 
 has been by the people, for three years. 
 
 Levi Barber Nov. 1805 to July, 1816 
 
 William R. Putnam July, 1816 to Oct. 1826 
 
 William R. Browning Feb. 1S27 to May, 1832 
 
 Benj. F. Stone May, 1832 to Nov. 1S41 
 
 Levi Bartlett Nov. 1S41 to Oct. 1851 
 
 L. W. Chamberlain Oct. 1851 to Dec. 1S61 
 
 R. W. St. John Dec. 1861 to Dec. 1864 
 
 Charles E. Gard 1 (appointed) Jan. 1865 to Dec. 1865 
 
 John A. Plumer Feb. 1866 to Jan. 1S75 
 
 J. P. Hulbert Jan. 1875 to Jan. 1881 
 
 INFIRMARY DIRECTORS. 
 
 These officers were appointed by the Commissioners from 1836 until 1842, 
 when they were required to be elected by the people, one each year, to serve 
 three years. 
 
 Sampson Cole 1836..1842 Brooks Blizzard 1S45..1851 
 
 Eben Gates 1S36..1842 John Collins 1847.-18159 
 
 Wyllys Hall 1836..1842 James M. Booth 1849..1850 
 
 James Dunn 1842..1849 James Dunn 1850..1801 
 
 Thos. F. Stanley 1S42..1844 James Dutton 1850..1853 
 
 Wm. R. Putnam, Jr 1842..1845 James S. Cady 1S53..1S56 
 
 Samuel Shipman 1844..1847 Robert T. Miller. 1854..1S60 
 
 1. Samuel N. Hobson was elected Oct. 1864, but resigned. 
 
Appendix. 83 
 
 Levi L. Fay 1856..1S62 Samuel E. Fav 1868..1871 
 
 Robert B. Cheatham.... 1 860.. 1S63 H. W. Corner 1S70..1873 
 
 Junia Jennings 1861..1870 Charles Athej 1871..1874 
 
 John Dowling 1862..1865 Geo. W. Richards 1873..1876 
 
 William West 1863..1S66 William Caywood, 3CI...1874..18S0 
 
 James Dunn 1S615..186S John Dowling 1875..1878 
 
 F. A. Wheeler 1866..1875 Charles A. Cook 1S76..1S79 
 
 TRUSTEES OF THE CHIEDENS' HOME. 
 
 By the Act of March 20, 1866, five trustees were to be appointed by 
 the County Commissioners, to serve one year each. By the Act of April 
 10, 1867, the number of trustees was reduced to three, and the term of 
 service extended to three years. 
 
 Douglas Putnam June, 1866 to March, 1868 
 
 William R. Putnam June, 1866 to March, 1877 
 
 Frederick A. Wheeler June, 1866 Incumbent 
 
 William S. Ward June, 1S66 to May, 1871 
 
 Augustin Dyar June, 1S66 to March, 1S68 
 
 Wylie H. Oldham June, 1871 to June, 1875 
 
 W. Dudley Devol Sept. 1875 Incumbent 
 
 George Benedict March, 1877 Incumbent 
 
 POSTMASTERS OF MARIETTA. 
 
 Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr May, 1794 to Oct. 1795 
 
 Josiah Munro Oct. 1795 to 1800 
 
 David Putnam 1800 to 1802 
 
 Griffin Greene 1802 to 1804 
 
 Philip Greene 1804 to 1806 
 
 Griffin Greene, Jr 1806 to 1815 
 
 Samuel Hoit 1816 to 1818 
 
 Henry P. Wilcox 1818 to 1825 
 
 David Morris Jan. 1825 to Aug. 1825 
 
 Daniel H. Buell 1825 to 1S29 
 
 A. V. D. Joline 1829 to 1841 
 
 A. L. Guitteau 1841 to ^S° 
 
 F. A. Wheeler 1850 to 1853 
 
 Nathanael Bishop 1S53 to 1S57 
 
 A. W. McCormick 1857 to 1S61 
 
 Sala Bosworth 1861 to 1870 
 
 W. B. Mason 1870 
 
 i