m 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 006 152 803 9 
 
: 280 
 . J5 E6 
 :opv 1 
 
 Leaves From My 
 
 Historical Scrap Book 
 
 BY 
 
 Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL. D. 
 'I 
 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 
 1907. 
 
Fs 
 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Articles of historical interest that are worth printing, are worth preserving in per- 
 manent form. A newspaper article is as good as lost a year after publication. The 
 series of articles liere reprinted, and wliich appeared in the pages of The Sunday News 
 were prepared at the cost of much labor. Practically every reference has been verified. 
 I trust that this contribution to the history of South Carolina may not be deemed an 
 unworthy one. I would only add that every reference in these articles is to Tlie Courier, 
 
 except where otlierwjse noted. 
 
 BARNETT A. ELZAS. 
 Charleston, S. C, April, 1907. 
 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 1. An Tndex to the Historical Material in The Courier, 1855-1860. 
 
 2. South Carolina Loyalists— List of Obituary Notices of Revolutionary Soldiers— The 
 
 Battle of Foi't Moultrie— The Mecklenburg Ladies' Association— The Mecklenburg 
 "Declaration"— The Death of Francis Salvador. 
 
 3. An Address delivered before the Reformed Society of Israelites, on its Second Anni- 
 
 versary, November 1826, by Abraham Moise. 
 4 The First Jew in South Carolina— Notes on Simon Valentijn, Samuel Mincks, Moses 
 Modina, David Riz— Miscellaneous References— Early Jewish Naturalization Pa- 
 pers, Abraham Avila, Joseph Tobias, Lyon Levi and others. 
 
 5. The First Confirmation Ceremony in the American Synagogue— Anent Traditions- 
 
 Early Jewish Ship Owners— The First Moise in South Carolina. 
 
 6. "Patriotic" Societies— The Petitions to Clinton— Obituary Notices of Revolutionary 
 
 Soldiers— South Carolina Loyalists— The Jews in the Revolution, &c. 
 
 7. The Synagogue of the Jews in Hasell Street— The Torbay Prisoners in 1781— Charleston 
 
 in 1774— Isaac Hayne— The Repentant Sinner— Obituary Notices of Revolutionary 
 Soldiers— Wedge wood China. 
 
 8. "Patriotic" Societies Once More. 
 
 9. Newspaper References to Judah P. Benjamin- Rattle Flags— John C. Calhoun— The 
 
 Burning of Columbia— Huguenots— The Mecklenburg "Declaration"— The Jews' 
 Lands in Abbeville -Duels and Duelling— Biographical Material— Local History— 
 Charleston Churches 
 
 10. Miscellaneous Confederate Material— Confederate Rosters— The Cruel Slave Owner- 
 
 Revolutionary Material — Blograpliical Material — Miscellaneous — Our Parish 
 Registers. 
 
Leaves from My 
 
 Historical Scrap BooI<. 
 
 By Dr Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL.D, 
 
 On numerous occasions and in many 
 connections, I have called attention to 
 the wonderful mass of historical ma- 
 terial that we possess in South Cai'O- 
 lina. This material, to our shame be ii 
 raid, has scarcely begun to be utilized. 
 And yet it is a fact that will hardly 
 brook denial, that the field of Histoi-y 
 is the most promising field, if not the 
 only field that promises rich results to 
 our own students. 
 
 Success in scholarship, in its final 
 analysis, means nothing- moi'e than thf 
 utilization of opportunity to the extent 
 of possibility. It is the supremest part 
 of wisdom, therefore, to recognize oiir 
 limitations as '.veil as our uossibiliiies. 
 We have now nominally a Universit?/ in 
 South Carolina; and it should be our 
 ambition at least, to inake a beginning 
 in that sphere of endeavor for which 
 the term University stands — knowledge 
 for its own sak?, rather than for the 
 use to which it is to be applied. 
 
 Compared with the resources of other 
 universities, with their munificent en- 
 dowments, our own institution is in a 
 condition that is in truth pitiable. Xor 
 vvill things improv:' until a vigorous 
 campaign is instituted, with a view of 
 liringing home lo our wealthy citizens 
 the duty which lliey owe to the leading 
 ecUiCi'.tional institution of their State. 
 
 But to come back to the subject of 
 my theme. In Science, in Philo.=!(.iphy, 
 in Pliilnlogy and in Literature, we arr- 
 not going to excel for a long time to 
 come. In Hi.=tory we may excel by 
 reason of the fact that the field is 
 
 largely unexplored, and we have the 
 material right at hand if we will only 
 utilize it. 
 
 I will here state that the study of our 
 local history has been merely an inci- 
 dental study with me, carried on in the 
 intervals of a very busy life. But it has 
 been a source of real delight by reason 
 of its intrinsic interest. No one can 
 truly appreciate the charm of this 
 study until he has practically surveyea, 
 as I have done, tiie entire field. So fas- 
 cinated, in fact, did I become Avith the 
 work, that in sp'te of myself and in 
 spite of the fact that my research was 
 conducted with a single, definite pur- 
 pose in view, I filled my note-books 
 with many thousands of references to 
 historical matters bearing upon the 
 general history of South Carolina, quite 
 unconnected with the task m hand. 
 
 And here let me remark that the ex- 
 istence of these note-books, and the 
 fact that I have practically covered the 
 complete files of the Newspaper Press 
 of South Carolina, have gotten me into 
 serious trouble. There is scarcely a 
 day that I do not receive letters asking 
 for information. I am not anxious, for 
 many reasons, to win repute as a Uni- 
 versal Information Bureau, for I should 
 require a staff of stenographers and 
 typewriters to complete my equipment; 
 nor do I cai'e to indulge the laziness of 
 those who ought to come here and dig 
 for themselves. 1 desire, however, to 
 call attention once more to the wonder- 
 ful mine of historical material that is 
 to be found in tiie files of our local 
 
newspapers, whose treasures still nw^iit 
 the future explorer. I will limit niy 
 article to-day to an enumeration of 
 some of the good things that Ih? 
 student can find, inter alia, in the pa-jfes 
 of The Courier between the years 1855 
 and 1860. 
 
 Onr City. 
 
 Of priceless value to the student of 
 our history, ai-e a series of twenty-f>ve 
 articles, some of which are several 
 columns in length, that appeared in 
 1855, under the 'neading "Our City." ''^'le 
 articles are signed "L." Taken together 
 they form the most complete story of 
 early South Carolina that is to be found 
 anywhere. The style of the articles 's 
 charming and the marshalling of the 
 facts is done in admirable fashion. Re- 
 printed just as they are, I do not 
 hesitate to say that they would form 
 one of the most valuable volume-3 on 
 South Carolina that we possess. The 
 following comprise the series: 
 
 Primitive Sketches, July 26, 1855. 
 
 Early Prospects and Anticipations. 
 July 28. 
 
 The First Half Century, August 1. 
 
 Early Movements and Miscellanie.5 of 
 Trade, August 4. 
 
 The Indian Trail and Trade, August 
 11. 
 
 Early Experiments and Efforts, Au- 
 gust 16. 
 
 The Advent of the Press, August IS. 
 
 Early Occupations, August 23. 
 
 Early Business, Sites and Occupa- 
 tions, August 25. 
 
 Early Occupations (continued.) Au- 
 gust 29. 
 
 Early Occupation, (continued,) Au- 
 gust :'.l. 
 
 Legislative Provisions, September 4. 
 
 Our .School System. September 13. 
 
 Legislative Attempts, September 21. 
 
 Legislative Expedients. .September 22. 
 
 Experiments in Staples, September 2S. 
 
 The Currency. October ]3. 
 
 Sources of P<)oalat!on, October 24. 
 
 Supplies of Population, November, 8. 
 
 Classes of Population, November 21. 
 
 Municipal Beginnings, November 27. 
 
 Municipal Beginnings. November 30. 
 
 Historical Hinc^ Decembe;' 5. 
 
 Historical Hints — Eperimental Coiisti- 
 tulions, December 11. 
 
 Evacuation Day, (topograhical.) De- 
 cember 14. 
 
 For the sake of completeness. I y>M11 
 ad'l that three preliminary sketches ap- 
 peared during the year 1S.")4. They are 
 as follows: 
 
 Our City — Oris^in, Early History and 
 Progress, August 31, 1854. 
 
 Our City, Its Site — Area and Popu- 
 lation, September 7. 
 
 Our City, Its Streets and Thorough- 
 fares, September 19. 
 
 Sonth Carolina ^VorthieH. 
 
 In the same file of papers, July- De- 
 cember, 1855, also signed "L." are a 
 series of biographical sketches of South 
 Carolina worthie:^. They comprise the 
 following: 
 
 Daniel Horry. September 4. 
 
 Gabriel Manigault, September 7. 
 
 Christopher Gadsden, September 11. 
 
 Isaac Huger, September 14. 
 
 Rawlins Loundes, September 25. 
 
 Thomas Heyward. September 28. 
 
 William Bull, October 9. 
 
 John Rutledge, October 11. 
 
 John Barnwell, October 23. 
 
 Benjamin Huger, October 31. 
 
 Ralph Izard. November 9. 
 
 Miles Brewton, December 25. 
 
 Tlie I'heatre— as it Has Been and isi 
 in Cliarle.ston. S. C. 
 
 On this subject, a fine series of twenty 
 descriptive articles appeared in th^ 
 pages of The Courier during the years 
 1857-1859. They are to be found in th^ 
 following issties: 
 
 1857, December 28, 30, 31. 
 
 1858, January G. 12, 19, 21, 26, 30: Feb- 
 ruary 20, 25; March 2. 9; April 15; No- 
 vtmber 25; December 14. 16, 28. 
 
 1859, January 5 15. 
 
 There is a seoarare arti^-le on 'The 
 Theatre," not m connection with the 
 above, in the issue of October 24, 1857. 
 
 Musenni of tlie College of Cliarle.<4ton. 
 
 We are to-day locally interested m 
 the new quarters of the Museum of the 
 College of Charleston. It is worthy of 
 note that a full description of this 
 museum, its contents and sources of 
 origin, appeared in the columns of Tho 
 Com-ier. in a series of fifty-eight articles 
 during the years 1S56-1S5S. They occur 
 in the following issues: 
 
 1856, November S, 15. 
 
 1858, March 24, 27. 31: April 7, 10, 17. 24. 
 28; May 1, 5, 8. 12, 15, 19, 22. 26, 29; Jun? 
 2, 5, 9, 12. 16, 19, 23, 26. 30; July 3, 8. 10, 14, 
 17. 21, 24, 28, 31; August 4, 7, 11, 14, IS. 21, 
 25, 28; September 1, 4, 8, 11, 15, 18, 22, 25, 
 29; October 2. 6, 13, 23. 
 
 In the issue of March 25, 1858. Prof 
 Francis Holmes, Curator of the Mu- 
 seum, points out an error in the I'-.sue 
 of March 24. 
 
The Treaty with STvitaterland nncl the 
 Jews. 
 
 In 1857, there appeared a most inter- 
 esting series of articles on the above 
 subject. These articles are of equal 
 Interest to us to-day, by reason of the 
 fact that the same question of the 
 recognition of an American Passport 
 when held by a citizen who happens to 
 be of the Jewish faitii, is now pressing 
 for solution. Our Government has njt 
 yet arrived at Ihat point when it pro- 
 tects its citizens in Russia when they 
 happen to be Je-'.vs. 
 
 The articles appeared in the following 
 issues: 
 
 August 13, 19, 20, 21, 25, 29, 31; Septem- 
 ber 3, 4, 14, 17, 1857. 
 
 The articles are controversial. The 
 fuss started with an article by Dr M. 
 Mayer, the Rabbi of Beth Elohim, on- 
 titled: "The First Fruit of the Treaty 
 between the United States and Switzer- 
 land," in the issue of August 13, 1S57. 
 This was replied to on August 19, by a 
 lawyer, who signs himself "A Jew." Dr 
 Mayer replied on August 21, to be again 
 hammered by "A Jew" on August 'IZ. 
 On August 29, J. N. Cardozo, the brilli- 
 ant editor, takes a hand, and in the suc- 
 ceeding issues he engages with 'A 
 Jew," in bitter argument. The lawyer 
 makes a great parade of his supposed 
 constitutional knowledge, but Canlozi. 
 although not, as far as I know, a law- 
 >er, simply crushes his antagonist wit)"! 
 his own weapons. He was certainly an 
 unrivalled controversialist. 
 
 In addition to such serial articles, 
 there are other aiticles of value, v.hicii 
 I shall now proceed to indicate. The 
 classification will perforce be somewhat 
 arbitrary. 
 
 Revolutionary Material. 
 
 Anniversary of the Battle of Fort 
 Moultrie, June 28, 1855. 
 
 The Battle of Fort Moultrie, Juno 
 30. ]856. 
 
 [A fine letter from Charles Cofes- 
 worth Pinckney to his mother de- 
 scri!)tive of the battle. Written at Foi-t 
 Johnson, June 29, 1776.] 
 
 Palmetto Day. June 28, 18.56. 
 
 [Many interesting data concerning 
 early military ifi'airs in Charles Town.J 
 
 King's MouTitain, August 10, IS'i."., 
 SepK'inber 27, IStlO. 
 
 Cowperis, Apr!! 17. 1S56; February 19. 
 1857. 
 
 Eutaw and Cowpens. August 23, 1S60. 
 
 Eutaw, July 21, 1858: Julv 7. S. l.sr.O: 
 January 14, 1860. 
 
 Firesides and Facts of the Revolution, 
 May 15, 1858. 
 
 Revolutionary Incidents, October 15. 
 
 1855; September 21; October 9, 23; No- 
 vember 6, 1858; March 11, April 19, May 
 25, June 21, July 20, September 15, 1859; 
 August 7, 8, 1860. 
 
 Revolutionary Reminiscences, July 
 
 27, 1855; October 23. 1856. 
 
 [The latter of these reminiscences 
 contains a copy of a "Declaration of In- 
 dependence," made by the Vestry of St 
 Paul's Church, Edenton, N. C. "It is, 
 like the Mecklenberg Declaration an- 
 terior to the Declaration of Congj-ess, 
 preceding the latter just sixteen days." 
 North Carolina seems to have acquired 
 the habit of declaring independence.] 
 
 A, Revolutionary Anecdote, November 
 
 28, 1860. 
 
 Incidents of Indian Warfare, July 12, 
 1859. 
 
 Two Revolutionary Heroines, (Eliza- 
 beth Grace and Rachel Martin,) July 7, 
 1855. 
 
 A Revolutionary Hero, (Wilkins C. 
 Smith,) March 27, 1860. 
 
 General Hlntorleal Material. 
 
 American Sympathy for Russia— The 
 United States Denounced, May 31, 1855. 
 
 Mason and Dixon's Line, July 9, 18."5. 
 
 The Palmetto Regiment, August 10, 
 1S55. 
 
 The Palmettos in Mexico, September 
 10, October 9, 1857. 
 
 The Citadel Cadets and the Palmetto 
 Regim.ent, October 26, 1857. 
 
 List of Original Members of the Union 
 Light Infantry Company, 1807-1811; 
 February 21, 1857. 
 
 The Right of Secession. March 28, 
 1857; and many succeeding numbers. 
 
 Jackson's Birthplace, August 24, 18.53, 
 
 Old Letters, September 10, 15, 1858. 
 
 The French in South Carolina, .Jan- 
 uary 31, 1859. 
 
 Early Times in Upper Georgia, August 
 17, 1860. 
 
 niosraithienl Material. 
 
 Francis Kinloch Huger, February 
 
 1855. 
 Mrs Harriet Marion, April 14, 1856. 
 Langdon Chevcs, June 27, 1857. 
 Gen Christopher Gadsden, July 
 
 1857. 
 The Illness. Death and Grave of I. 
 
 gare, July 29, 30. August 1, 1S57. 
 The Pickens Family, October 15, 18 
 The Marion Family, August 7, 185S 
 Col Samuel Hammond, August 
 
 1 S.5S. 
 The Videau Family. September 4, 18: 
 The Jasper Family, November 18, 18 
 John Bellinger. M. D., September 
 
 1860. 
 Charles Fraser. October 6, 1860. 
 
 e- 
 o7. 
 
 io, 
 
 8. 
 .58. 
 
h 
 
 I^ooal History. 
 
 Charleston in 1740, April IS, 1853. 
 
 Carolina in the Olden Time. By an 
 Octogenarian Lady. Reviewed June 21, 
 1855. 
 
 ["It is not exactly what may be called 
 a history, but It had an histovical 
 character." StUvlcmts of South Cai-olina 
 history will symjDathize with the re- 
 viewer's estimate.] 
 
 The Origin of 'he Name State Street, 
 formerly Union Street, February 21, 
 1857. 
 
 Reminiscences of St Stephen's Parish, 
 September 3, 1838. 
 
 St James's Churcli, Goose Creek, July 
 23, 30; August 6, 13, 20, 27; September 3, 
 10, 1859. 
 
 [A complete iiistory of this historic 
 church.] 
 
 A Picture of Charleston in 1860, Feb- 
 ruary 11, 1860. 
 
 Pee-Dee and its Districts. July 26, 1860. 
 
 A Hundred Years Ago, November 15, 
 1860. 
 
 The Ne'wspapep Pre.ss. 
 
 The Press Autobiographical, July l-i, 
 1S57. 
 
 [Contains valuable notices of early 
 South Carolina interior newspapers.] 
 
 Printing in South Carolina, Septem- 
 ber 2, 1858. 
 
 Old Gazettes, September 14. 18, 1858. 
 
 The Press of Georgia, October 28, 1S58. 
 
 traits and miniatures— sevral hundred — 
 by this artist.] 
 
 Tlie Legrislatiire. 
 
 List of Membej-.s 1854-1858; October 22, 
 1856. 
 
 List of Members 1838-1860; October 21, 
 1858. 
 
 Art ill Charleston. 
 
 The Fraser Gallery. January 9; F(;b- 
 
 ruary 11, 13. 14, IG, 17, 18; March 5, 1837. 
 
 [A complete list of all known por- 
 
 Cotton. 
 
 Comparative Statistics of Cotton 1843- 
 1S35, by J. N. Cardozo, June 9, 1856. 
 
 Early Culture of Cotton, August 20, 
 1857. 
 
 Early Cotton Machinery, July 30; 
 August 13, 14, 1860. 
 
 NnuiiMiiiatlcR. 
 
 The Red Cent, May 5, 1857. 
 
 [Describes a penny and a two peimy 
 piece struck for the Carolines in 172?.] 
 
 American Coinage and Medals, No- 
 vember 6, 1838. 
 
 Coinage of the U. S., February 9, 1839, 
 
 Allseellaneons. 
 
 The Last Sickness and death of Booth 
 the Tragedian, July 30, 1856. 
 
 The Duty of a Freemason. Address 
 by Albert Pike, May 13, 1857. 
 
 The First Railroad in the U. S., Au- 
 gust 18, 1857. 
 
 Recollections of the South Carolina 
 Railroad, August 19, 1837. 
 
 The Institution of Domestic Slavery 
 and the Constitution, December 17, 1857. 
 
 The foregoing article, dry as it may 
 appear to some, is nothing more than 
 what its title claims for it — "Leaves 
 from my Historn^al Scrap Book." I 
 trust that it is not without value. All 
 I intended to do by putting these notes 
 in order, was to indicate to some little 
 extent the vastness of the historical 
 material that exists in the files of onr 
 local newspaper press. Anyone with 
 enough patience can pursue historical 
 research. The work is, in my estima- 
 tion, worth doing. Will my suggestion 
 induce some student to engage in if 
 I do not know. Nor do I care. I have 
 done my duty by throwing out the sug- 
 gestion. 
 
 [Ueprinted from the Sunday News, February 10, liKiT.J 
 
Leaves from My 
 
 Historical Scrap Book. 
 
 By Dr Bariiett A. Elzas, M. D., LL.D. 
 
 In the Ford collection in the Lenox 
 branch of the New York Public Library 
 there is a very interesting voluni<s, 
 whose binder's title reads: SOUTH 
 CAROLINA LOYALISTS— OATHS OF 
 ALLEGIANCE. The title is a mis- 
 nomer. The volume, which consists of 
 53 pages, contains merely the original 
 oaths of allegiance of 210 men in Claarles 
 Town, in 1781. These men were not 
 necessarily Loyalists, and many of 
 them, we know fiom their records, were 
 anything but Loyalists. 
 
 In my History of the Jews of South 
 Carolina (pp 102-3) I have gone into a 
 full explanation of the attitude of those 
 citizens of Charles Town who took the 
 oath of allegiance to the British after 
 the surrender of the town in 17S0, a list 
 of whose names is to be found in the 
 Royal South Caiolina Gazette of Sep- 
 tember 21, 1780. I will not repeat hero 
 what I have said, but refer those who 
 may be interested to my book. I will 
 only call attention to the text of the 
 two oaths of allegiance exacted in 1780 
 and 1781, respectively. The rigor of the 
 latter as compared with the former 
 oath is well wortiiy of note: 
 
 Oath of AlleKiniice In 17.SO. 
 
 I do hereby acknowledge 
 
 and declare myself to be a true and 
 faithful Subject to His Majesty, tho 
 King of Great Britain, and that I will 
 r.t all Times hereafter be obedient to 
 his Government; and that whenever I 
 shall be thereunto required, I will be 
 ready to maintain and defend the same 
 against all Persons whatever. 
 
 Subscribed an-l acknowledged at 
 Charles-Town, the 22d day of Septem- 
 ber, 1780, before me, 
 
 R. W. Poweil. 
 
 Oath of Allegiance In 17S1. 
 
 I hereby and sincerely prom- 
 ise and swear, that I will faithfully de- 
 mean myself as a true and loyal Sub- 
 ject of his Majesty, the King of Great 
 Britain, to whose Government I will, 
 at all Times hereafter, be obedient; 
 and, that whenever I shall be thereunto 
 required, I will, to the utmost of my 
 Power, support, maintain and defend 
 the same against all Persons whatso- 
 ever; and that I will do my utmost 
 Endeavour to frustrate and prevent ail 
 traiterous Conspiracies and Attempts 
 which shall be made against his Ma- 
 jesty's Authority and Government, and 
 I will faithfully disclose every Intelli- 
 gence and Information of any such 
 Conspiracies, or Attempts, which shall 
 come to my Knowledge or Belief, to 
 the persons whose particular Care and 
 Duty it may be to receive the same in 
 the District in which I shall reside. 
 
 Sworn & subscribed the day of 
 
 , 1781, before me. 
 
 J. H. Cruger. 
 
 Lint of Sig:nerM. 
 
 In the volume in the Lenox Library 
 each oath is separately signed. A lew, 
 however, contain two signatures. Here 
 is the list: 
 
 Adair, Robert. 
 Adams, William. 
 Alexander. James. 
 Allan, Robert. 
 Allen, Isaac. 
 Ander.son, Robert. 
 .\nders()n, Samuel. 
 Ander.son. William. 
 Armstrong. John. 
 .\twood. Wm. 
 Bacon. John. 
 Bacon, Thoma.s. 
 
 Bacon. William. 
 Balderking, George. 
 Barlteden, John. 
 Baskin, James. 
 Bayle, Peter. 
 Beard, James. 
 Bell, Robert. 
 Bell. William. 
 Bennet, .Vrthiir. 
 Beraud, Jn. 
 Bews, William. 
 Black. Samuel. 
 
i:!nrk, W'lUinm. 
 iiliUi. Tom. 
 lloiid, liobl. 
 Uracil, CJoorge. 
 l{rLaK>.-al<-, W iilis. 
 iJrovvii, c;on>fc-lius. 
 Brown, Malcolm. 
 Brown, Kcjberl. 
 Buchanan, James. 
 Cailioiin, Patrick. 
 Cannon, William. 
 Carithers, Math. 
 Carothers, William, 
 (barter, Dudley. 
 Carter, John. 
 Carter, Robert. 
 Chalmer.s, James. 
 Clicklow, John. 
 Christopher, James. 
 (Jlark, Alexander. 
 Clark, William. 
 Cochran, John. 
 Coffey. Wm. 
 Colcock, John. 
 Colhoun, Hugh. 
 Cooke, Isaac. 
 Conrsey, James. 
 Coursey, John. 
 Coursty, ^Villiam. 
 Covington, Joseph. 
 Covinston, Jr, Wm. 
 Cowan, James. 
 Cowan, Jno. 
 Crawford, Andrew. 
 Crawford, Enos. 
 Crockett. Samuel. 
 Curry, John. 
 Davis. Benjamin. 
 Dawson, Joseph. 
 
 Dawson. Jonathan. 
 Day, William. 
 Dealwood, John. 
 Dealwood, William. 
 
 Develin, James. 
 
 Devo, Francis. 
 
 Drennan, William. 
 
 Klot (?) \i uiiam. 
 
 Kvans, Ezekiel. 
 
 Eymerie, John. 
 
 Finely, Samuel. 
 
 Finney, Rijbert. 
 
 Foster, Alexander. 
 
 Foster, Robt. 
 
 Foster, Samuel. 
 
 J'Vister, Samuel. 
 
 J'^ox, James. 
 
 Galley, James. 
 
 Garrett. John. 
 
 Garrett, Robt. 
 
 Greene, Benjamin. 
 
 Griffin, Robert. 
 
 (luilbeaud. Andrew. 
 
 i I ami 1 ton, Andrew. 
 
 Hamilton, Thos. 
 
 Hammond. Charles. 
 
 Hammond, Joshua. 
 
 Hammond, l-e Roy. 
 
 TIairis, Joim. 
 
 TTarris, Thos. 
 
 Harrison. Thoma.s. 
 
 ) fayes, Wm. 
 
 Heard. Armstrong. 
 
 Hill. John. 
 
 HoRs, ^V■illiam. 
 
 Holland. Jacob. 
 
 Hopkins. Samuel. 
 
 Horry, William. (?) 
 
 TTow'ird. Benjamin. 
 
 Hushes, Philemon. 
 
 Tlulton, Jn)in. 
 Hunter, Dav'id. 
 ilutton, \\ liiiam. 
 Jlutcliison, Wm. 
 liwin, John. 
 Johnston, John. 
 Junes. Jiii.haril. 
 jLutlun. .\dam. 
 Jvey, Thomas. 
 l^ark, John, 
 l^aiva.v, L.ewis L. 
 Ivee, Andrew. 
 J^ee, Thomas. 
 Besly, John. 
 Bittie, William, 
 l^ively, John. 
 Bogan, Jolin. 
 Bousk, James, 
 l^owry, Richd. 
 Buckie, William. 
 Byon, James. 
 Alanson, William. 
 Marberry, Thos. 
 Martin, James. 
 Martin, Robert. 
 Mathews, Philip. 
 Mayson. Jas. 
 Messer, Robert. 
 Middleton. Hugh. 
 Middleton, John J. 
 Moore, John. 
 Moragne, E. 
 
 Morgan, Ev.'xn. 
 Morrow, Arthur. 
 Miirfe.N', John. 
 Murfey, Wm. 
 Miirrch, James. (?) 
 Mc Alaster. Aridrew. 
 
 Mc Alister. Nathan. 
 Mc Alpin, Robert. 
 
 Mc Carter, Moses. 
 
 Mc Carty, William. 
 
 Mc Cleskey, Joseph. 
 Mc Closkey, George. 
 
 Mc Closkey, Wm. 
 
 Mm Coiw*»Hy-J<»wwM. 
 
 Mc Connell, James. 
 
 Mc Curdy, John. 
 
 Mc Patrick, John. 
 
 Nelson, Samuel. 
 
 Noble, James. 
 
 Norris, William. 
 
 Odom, Abraham. 
 
 Outten, Jesse. 
 
 I'atton, Arthur. 
 
 Paxton, Samuel. 
 
 Pearce, John. 
 
 Pettigru, James. 
 
 Pickens. John. 
 
 Pickens, John. 
 
 Pickens, Joseph. 
 
 Pollard, Robert. 
 
 I'orter, Alexander. 
 
 Porter, Hugh. 
 
 Purves, John. 
 
 Ramsey, Daniel. 
 
 Reed, George. 
 
 Reed, Matthew. 
 
 Rignier. IMerre. 
 
 Ridda. Joseph. 
 
 Roberts, Absalom. 
 
 Russell, Timothy. 
 
 Saxon, (^harles. 
 
 Scott, Alexr. 
 
 Shanklin. Thomas. 
 
 Simpson, John. 
 
 Steel. Aaron. 
 
 Stringer. George. 
 
 Stringer, John. 
 
 Stunrt, .\dnm. 
 Sutherland, Francis, 
 Ta>ior, James. 
 Thai Cher, Barthy. 
 Thomson, James. 
 Toy, Dennis. 
 Turk, John. 
 Turnbull, Joseph. 
 Turpin, Matthew. 
 I'rbein, John. 
 Verner, John. 
 Walker. William. 
 Ware, Henr.v. 
 Watt, James. 
 
 Watt, Saml. 
 Weed. Nathaniel. 
 Weed, Reuben. 
 Weems, James. 
 Weems, Thos. 
 Weems, William. 
 White, John. 
 AN'hitefield. George. 
 Williams. Jefferson. 
 Willson, Henry. 
 AVilson, Hugh. 
 AVilson. James. 
 ^^■oods. \Vm. 
 York. Richd. 
 
 Young, Matthew. 
 
 Oljitiinry Notlcen of RevoIntioiiHry 
 Soldiern. 
 
 (From the Southern Patriot.) 
 
 Capt Peter Bacot, August 17, 1S2B 
 Major Thomas Butler, March 21. 1816, 
 Col Joseph Calhoun, May 17, 1817. 
 David Campbell, May 31. 1822. 
 pjdward Conner, January 5, lS/57. 
 Elnathan Davi<5, November 1, 1836. 
 Isaac Dubose, June 1, 181o. 
 Joseph Dulles, January 19, 1818. 
 Major Gen Wm Fishburne, Nov 8, 1810. 
 John Forbis. November (]. 1829. 
 Gabriel Friday. June 29, 1S.30. 
 Major wnison Glover. Dec 24, 1822. 
 Major Richard Godfrey. Oct 22. 1817. 
 Henry Gray. July 31, 1824. 
 Capt Thos Hammond, March 17. 181S. 
 Col Henry Hampton, Au? 11, lS2o. 
 Col Andrew Heatly, May 7. 1824. 
 John Bee Holmes. September 8. 1827. 
 William Hort, Janu-.ry 24. 1826. 
 Matthew- Irvine, September 1, 1827. 
 Capt John Johnson, March 14, 1821. 
 Richard Johnson, September 5, 1815. 
 William Johnson, April 17, 1818. 
 Capt James Keimedy. July 28, 1823. 
 Francis Kinloi-b, February I'l, 1826. 
 Col William Lyons, Fcbru;.ry 23, 1S18. 
 Hart well Macon, May 7, 1824. 
 Abraham Markley. July 16. 1834. 
 Robert McFadden, July 11, 1829. 
 John M'Watters. September 9, 182.8. 
 Col Nathaniel Ramsay, Dec 3, 1817. 
 Bene Ravenel, February 26. 1822. 
 Arthur Pimpkins, November 21, 1326. 
 Paul Taylor, August 28. 1818. 
 Thomas Warin.fr, March 24, 1824. 
 Simon Wood, May 7, 1824. 
 
 (From th? City Gazette.) 
 
 Thomas Allan, July 18, 1827. 
 Thomas Bee, Februaiy 26. 1812. 
 Samuel Breed. November 16. 1826. 
 Major Pierce Butler, Feb 26, 1822. 
 Col Joseph Calhoun, May 16, 1817. 
 Gen Robert Conway, December 8, 1823. 
 James Cox, January 28, 1812. 
 William Daingerfield. June 2, 1826. 
 Patric Dollard. March 11, ISOO. 
 
1S26. 
 1S27. 
 
 1S22. 
 
 lS2fi. 
 
 Joseph Dulles, .Tanur.ry 19. 181S. 
 Isaac Fell, April 30, 1S18. 
 Major Gen Wm Fishbm-ne, Nov 8, 1S19. 
 John Frampton Sen, May 2,'>. 1827. 
 Gabriel Friday, June 29, 1830. 
 Col Henry Hampton, August 12, 
 Major Robert M. Head, May 16, 
 William Hort, January 2.5, 1826. 
 Gen Jared Irwin, March 20, 181S. 
 Major Joseph Jxerr, January 24, 
 Jo;~eph King-, July 27, 182(;. 
 Francis Kinloch, February 4, 
 Robert Larry. August 6, 1819. 
 William Lee, December 5, 1803. 
 Major Charles Lining-, July 16, 180.'). 
 
 Lloyd .July 22, 1817. 
 
 Col William Lyons, February 24, ISIS. 
 Gen Hugh Means, July G, 1S25. 
 Major Gen Wm Moultrie, Sept 28, ISO:. 
 James McCall, March 14, 1S21. 
 William Pigues, April 17, 1818. 
 Capt Joseph Quinby, May 25, 1818. 
 Capt Henry Ravenel, March 7, 18:M. 
 Capt Edvv- Richardson, July 11, ISO^. 
 Josiah Smith. Feb 16, 1826. 
 John Stoney, October 19, iS21. 
 John Wilson, February 4, 1823. 
 Mathias WoolCo, March 26, 1805. 
 
 (From the Courier.) 
 
 William Blue, April 17, 1S29. 
 
 David Burckhalter, June 25. 1846. 
 
 Col Zach Smith Brooks, April 24, IStS. 
 
 Capt Joel Callahan, April 9, 1847. 
 
 Henry Cannon, Septembei" 9, 1846. 
 
 John China Sen, September 3, 1S4V. 
 
 Major Joseph Dickinson, Mch 12, 1807. 
 
 George Durham, April 17, 1829. 
 
 Samuel Franks, December 16, 1845. 
 
 Capt Joshua Hammond, July 16, 185o. 
 
 Florian Charl-33 Mey, April 1, 1829. 
 
 Job Palmer, February 1, 1845. 
 
 Col Joseph Picken.s, Feb 17, 1853. 
 
 William Purse, January 14. 1845. 
 
 Lieut Col Wiir.am Scott, June 11, 1S07. 
 
 Capt Samuel White. January 21, 1S4S. 
 
 Jacob Wise, October 11, 1845. 
 
 [Note. — The above lists of obituary 
 notices of RevDlutionary soldiers, are 
 by no means complete, not having been 
 collected for any specific purpose. I 
 have not liad time to confirni the refer- 
 ences, which have been gathered fror,''. 
 the newspaper files in the Charleston 
 Library, Library of the Chamber of 
 (.'ommerce. Library of the College of 
 Charleston and the Library of Congress. 
 Though unverified, I believe that all the 
 references will be found to be ac- 
 curate.] 
 
 The nn((lo of Fort Moultrie. 
 
 (.From the City Gazette, Oct 26, 1812.) 
 
 "In the year 1776, an ottack was 
 made on Sullivan's Island, in the har- 
 
 bor of Chnrlost.-)n, S. C, by th" land 
 and naval forces of (iieat Britain, un- 
 der the command of .Sir Henry Clinion 
 and Sir Peter Parker. After much time 
 and labor in lightening the heavy :-lups. 
 they anchored opposite Fort MoutlviB, 
 and commenced a tremendous cannftn- 
 ::de. Gen Clinton had landed his Irooi.is 
 to the eastward of ihe iiarbor, with the 
 intention of fording the channel and 
 attacking the fort in the rear, while the 
 ships atacked it in front, but from some 
 mistake or want of knowledge of the 
 depth of water in the channel, he was 
 unable or unwilling to attempt any- 
 tlung. In the meantime the fort, by a 
 regular and well directed fire nearly de- 
 molished the British fleet and Sir Peter 
 was fain to escape with the loss of half 
 of his men killed and wounded; among 
 the latter himself, the tail of his 
 breeches being shot away. 
 
 The following humorous parahrase of 
 Sir Peter's ofhcial letter to the Lords of 
 the Admiralty, Aas written by an Eng- 
 lish wit of those days: 
 
 My lords, with j-our leave, 
 
 An account I will give. 
 Which deserves to be written in metre; 
 
 For the rebels and I, 
 
 Have been pretty nigh; 
 Faith, and almost too nigh lor St Peter. 
 
 De'l take 'om. their shot, 
 Came so swifr and so hot. 
 
 And the cowardly dogs stood so stiff, 
 sirs. 
 
 That I put ship about. 
 And was glad to get out. 
 
 Or, they would not have left me a skif)!, 
 sir.s. 
 
 With much labor and toil, 
 Unto .Sullivan's Isle, 
 I came, swift as Falstaff or Pistol; 
 But the Yankees od rat'em, 
 I could not get at 'em. 
 They so terribly maul'd my poor Bris- 
 tol. 
 
 Behold Clinton by land. 
 Did quietly stand, 
 While I made r. thundering clatter; 
 But the channel w:is deep. 
 So he only could peep, 
 And not vent-are over the water. 
 
 Xow bold as a Turk, 
 
 I proceeded to York. 
 Where with Clinton and Howe you may 
 
 find me; 
 
 I've the wind in my tail. 
 
 And am hoisting my sail. 
 To leave Sullivaii's Inland behind inc. 
 
But, my lords, rto not fear, 
 For before the next year, 
 Although a small island should fret us, 
 The Continent whole. 
 We will take by my soul. 
 If the cowardly Yankees will let us. 
 
 The MeeklenltnrK I<aclles* Aafioclation 
 
 A good many of us have had a little 
 fun with reference to the subject of the 
 Mecklenburg "Declaration." In the 
 present status of the case, the burden 
 of proof certainly rests upon Nortii 
 Carolina. But be that as it may, no one 
 will deny the facr of the splendid patri- 
 otism consistently displayed through- 
 out the contest with Great Britain, of 
 the people of "The Hornet's Nest." 
 Even the women took a hand, as the 
 following item, copied from the South 
 Carolina & American General Gazette 
 for February 9, 1776, admirably testifies. 
 
 "A North Carolina Correspondent, 
 who signs himself PHILOGUNO, in- 
 forms us," That the young Ladie? of 
 the best Families m Mecklenburg 
 County, in North Carolina, have en- 
 tered into a voluntary Association, thai 
 they will not receive the Addresses of 
 any young Gentleman of that Place, ex- 
 cept the brave Volunteers who che;ir- 
 fully served in tha Expedition to South 
 Carolina, and assisted in subduing the 
 Scholovite Insurgents: The Ladies 
 being of Opinion, that such Persons as 
 lazily stay basKing at home, when the 
 important Calls of their Country de- 
 mand their military Service abroad, 
 must certainly be destitute of that 
 Nobleness of Sentiment, that brave 
 manly Spirit which qualify the Gentle- 
 man to be the Defender and Guardian 
 of the Fair Sex." Our Correspondent 
 adds: "This is the Substance of the As- 
 sociation; and, we hear, that the Ladies 
 
 in the adjacent County of Ptowan have 
 desired a similar Association to be 
 drawn up, and prepared immediately 
 for signing." 
 
 The Meoklenhnrgr "Deelaratiwn." 
 
 On this subject, there are two very in- 
 teresting but umonvmcing items in the 
 Mercury of July I. 1S2S, and in the Win- 
 yau Intelligencer of June 9, 1832. 
 
 The Death of Francis Salvador. 
 
 In the South Carolina and American 
 General Gazette of August 14, 1776, 
 there is a full description of the bat- 
 tle with the Indians, in which the pa- 
 triot Francis Salvador met his tragic 
 end. It is contained in a letter written 
 from camp, two miles below Keowee, in 
 the Cherokee Country. After giving a 
 full description of the battle, the writer 
 continues: 
 
 "Our party soon recovering from their 
 surprise, kept up a brisk fire on the 
 places) where the flashes of the enemy's 
 guns were seen, and soon drove them 
 from their fences and houses. Their 
 loss is not known, but from the num- 
 ber of blankets, shirts, tomahawks, etc, 
 left besmeared v/ith blood, and the 
 bloody ti-acks which marked their re- 
 treat, it is supposed to be considerable. 
 Col Williamson remained on the ground 
 till day-break, and burnt all the houses 
 on both sides of the river, and de- 
 stroyed their corn, etc. Judging that 
 that the party he had defeated would 
 immediately proceed to their camp and 
 apprize them of his approach, and 
 having imade an appointment to meet 
 Cols Neel and Thomas at Sugar Town, 
 the Colonel, after leaving a party to 
 bury the dead and take care of the 
 wounded, returned to his camp." Sal- 
 
 vador was 
 battle. 
 
 thus buried on the field of 
 
 [ lleprinted from the Sunday N«w9, February 17, 1907.— No. 2.] 
 
Leaves from My 
 
 Historical Scrap Book. 
 
 By Dr Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL.D. 
 
 I am printing to-day a very remark- 
 able document — "An Address delivered 
 before the Reformed Society of Israel- 
 ites, on its Second Anniversary, No- 
 vember, 1826, by Abraham Moise." 
 
 This document, it is needless to say, 
 is not known to our writers on Jewish 
 subjects who have undertaken to ex- 
 press grlib opinions, based upon the 
 scantiest secondary sources, on the 
 first great religious reform movement 
 among the Jews of America. Th-s 
 movement, I will add, until my own in- 
 vestigations were published, was noth- 
 ing more than a mere tradition. So 
 little was known of it, that the late 
 Nathaniel Levin, who wrote the sketch 
 of the Congregation Beth Elohim for the 
 Year Book City of Charleston for 1883, 
 and who devotes less than sixteen lines 
 to it, dates the movement from 1835, 
 (p 308,) when as a matter of fact, it 
 originated in 1824. 
 
 The writer of the following address — 
 Abraham Moise, (1799-1869,) was a 
 prominent figure in the Reformed So- 
 ciety of Israelites. He it was who 
 drafted its Constitution, and in all 
 probability wrote a considerable por- 
 tion of the Prayer Book of the Society, 
 both of which are unknown to our 
 writers and which I shall shortly pub- 
 lish. 
 
 The address itself is an "Apologia" 
 for the Society, and an admirable de- 
 fence it is, in truth. Be it, however, al- 
 ways remembered that it was written 
 in 1826 and not in 1907. By the stand- 
 ard of the generation in which it was 
 
 written must it be judged and not by 
 that of our own age, when the veriest 
 tyro for a few dollars can make him- 
 self more familiar with Jewish history 
 and literature, than could the most 
 earnest and diligent student in Charles- 
 ton three-quarters of a century ago. 
 
 The present generation hardly knows 
 even the name of Abraham Moise, and 
 his Address has been forgotten for sev- 
 eral generations. I feel it a privilege 
 to preserve it to posterity. 
 
 It was the proud boast of our ances- 
 tors to consecrate their annual rites 
 and ceremonies with songs of great joy 
 and triumph, with stringed instruments, 
 "with the psaltery and the harp." There 
 was something not easily described, 
 which almost insensibly attached them 
 to the periods from whence they were 
 wont to date their origin, to which they 
 looked with peculiar and almost un- 
 speakable interest, and unto which they 
 were always disposed to bring their 
 best feelings and happiest recollections. 
 Nor have the lively emotions of our 
 fathers, the kindred sympathies culti- 
 vated in days of old, given way to the 
 severest tests of simplicity and refine- 
 ment of the present day; they are still 
 common with all mankind; and al- 
 though they are characterized by new 
 modes of displaying a .nation's grrati- 
 tude, they are nevertheless attended 
 with important results, both as regards 
 their lasting impressions upon the mind, 
 as well as their general tendency to per- 
 petuate those particular designs for 
 which societies are formed. 
 
 The instance before us furnishes a 
 striking illustration of this truth. When 
 the question is asked: Why have the 
 Reformed Society of Israelites convened 
 on this day? The response will be ex- 
 hibited in every countenance; their 
 
presence is immediately identified with 
 the proudest associations of their ear- 
 liest existence; they have assembled to 
 look back at the past year, to compare 
 their several stages of progress in the 
 holy work of reformation, and to in- 
 cite each other to future acts of piety 
 and usefulness, by the mutual inter- 
 change of sentiment and good feeling. 
 
 This in itself would be sufficient cause 
 for distinguishing this day as a day of 
 annual celebration, but they can add 
 with perfect ti-uth and sincerity that 
 they have congregated for the discharge 
 of duties of a higher nature; duties not 
 less pleasing in themselves, than ele- 
 vated in their character; not less in ac- 
 cordance with true devotion, than per- 
 manently useful in their ultimate con- 
 sequences. They have come here this 
 day to justify themselves to the world; 
 to unfold to all mankind the broad 
 principles upon which they expect to 
 rise or fall, to invite candid investiga- 
 tion, and to expose by all virtuous ef- 
 forts the true causes which impelled 
 them to a separation from their Jewish 
 brethren. 
 
 Experience has well attested the 
 fact, that with large bodies of men the 
 liberty of conscience has seldom or 
 ever been avowed, without great neces- 
 sity, and in many instances, at the ex- 
 pense of much blood and treasure. We 
 are daily taught by common observa- 
 tion, that unless reasonable men are 
 urged by some powerful motive, unless 
 driven on by great emergencies, tliey 
 will not readily expose themselves to 
 persecution and hatred, by the expres- 
 sion of sentiments and opinions at va- 
 riance with their neighbors, or in direct 
 opposition to those particular sects, to 
 which they may belong. Whenever, 
 therefore, a body of men assemble to- 
 gether for this purpose, the presump- 
 tion must be, in the mind of every re- 
 flecting being, that they have not con- 
 vened for "slight and transient causes," 
 but that the suggestions of necessity 
 and conscience, impel them to act. The 
 history of the world is a full confirma- 
 tion of the position I have assumed. 
 
 There is nothing more common, and 
 yet there is nothing more true, than 
 the political axiom, that necessity com- 
 pels mankind to give up a part of their 
 liberty. While it urges the exercise of 
 that "free born spirit." which will bear 
 no control, which cannot be shackled, 
 which is as boundless as the air we 
 breathe, it notwithstanding drives men 
 from "partial evils" to perpetual mis- 
 ery and suffering. Present inconveni- 
 ence, with the prospect of future 
 tranquillity, often render the best of 
 us rather unfit to bear those "ills we 
 
 have," than "fly to others that we 
 know not of." Nor is this more appli- 
 cable to politics than religion; from the 
 beginning of time, any human re- 
 traint, of whatever character, has ever 
 been regarded liy mankind as the in- 
 vasion of a natural right, and what is 
 called necessity, is nothing more than 
 the effect of this restraint acting 
 against the will. It was this nece.s- 
 sity which established the Christian 
 Reformation, the greatest era, perhaps, 
 m modern times; an era not less distin- 
 guished for the obscurity of those 
 with whom it originated than remark- 
 able for the singular revolution it pro- 
 duced in the religion of nearly all Eu- 
 rope — the gradual and almost unac- 
 countable conversion of millions of in- 
 habitants already born and educated in 
 a particular faith. It was the imperi- 
 ous suggestions of conscience which 
 led the Puritans across the Atlantic to 
 such religious freedom in a nation of 
 savages, and to lay one of the corner- 
 stones to the political existence of a 
 people, whose civil liberty has no par- 
 allel in the history of the world. It is 
 this freedom of con.'cience which we 
 hope has at length "broken the sceptre 
 of rabbinical power," and Jtiptinguishod 
 the nineteenth century as the proudest 
 era in the history of modern Israel, it 
 is this necessity which is everywhere 
 encouraging the spirit of religious in- 
 quiry and opening every avenue to the 
 discovery of trufu. In short, it was a 
 moral necessity which compelled the 
 "Reformed Society of 
 the twenty-first day 
 eighteen hundred and 
 throw off the yoke of 
 age, and to declare 
 from the influence 
 priest-craft. 
 
 To enumerate all the causes whicli 
 led to this step would occupy too much 
 time, and afford little or no interest to 
 many of you. It will be sufliicieni to 
 state generally that for agts back, and 
 indeed I'rom tha earliest introduction 
 of what is termed modern Judaism, 
 which comprehends the "opinions, tra- 
 ditions, rites and ceremonies practiced 
 before the destruction of the second 
 Temple, and embodied in the Cabalistic 
 and Talmudic writings," the Israelites 
 throughout the world have uncon- 
 sciously suffered under various and 
 intolerable evils resulting from a sys- 
 tem of mental thraldom so plausible, 
 so full of Rophist'-y, that it :c-; no longer 
 matter of surprise all Israel should at 
 one time be enveloped in darkness, or 
 that the whole nation should have 
 experienced an intellectual shock from 
 which they have not yet recovered. 
 
 Israelites," on 
 
 of November, 
 
 twenty-four, to 
 
 religious bond- 
 
 themselves free 
 
 of bigotry and 
 
They had not only lost a just concep- 
 tion of the true God, in their blind 
 acquiescence to the erroneous doc- 
 trins of the Rabbins, but living, as 
 many of them did, in countries whose 
 vernacular was any other than the 
 Hebrew language, they were compelled 
 to join in a mode of worship and to 
 adopt a certain creed altogether in- 
 comprehensible to such as held them- 
 selves subject to Priestly power for 
 the regulation of their conduct. While 
 they allowed themselves to be ruled 
 by maxims of government at variance 
 with the Jurisprudence of any country, 
 they insensibly assimilated themselves 
 to the idolatrous practices of the Pa- 
 gans by their unqualified subjection to 
 the Priests in every particular of their 
 lives. Hence their whole form of wor- 
 ship might have been regarded by the 
 indifferent spectator as the idle and 
 unmeaning utterance of mere sound 
 rather than those pious appeals to 
 Heaven, that uplifting of the soul to 
 God, which bespeak a heart filled with 
 meekness and piety, and a mind deeply 
 penetrated with the sacred responsibil- 
 ities of religion. Nor can the singu- 
 larly bad consequences be easily com- 
 puted to which this ultimately led; 
 when the youth of the nation perceived 
 how limited was the range of their 
 duties to God, thej' necessarily became 
 partially insensible to other considera- 
 tions connected with their duties to 
 Society; deprived of that awful chetk 
 which is experienced by the worst of 
 the species when congregated with con- 
 trite hearts and understanding minds 
 before the altars of the Most High, and 
 brought, as it were, of their free will 
 in the presence of Jehovah, they were 
 careless to improve either their moral 
 condition, or to study and observe the 
 Divine precepts of their law-giver. To 
 such a state of things how applicable 
 are the words of Isaiah: "The ox 
 knoweth his owner, and the ass his 
 master's crib; but Israel doth not 
 know, my people doth not consider." 
 (Chap I, v:2.) 
 
 The gradual abandonment of the true 
 faith exists at the present day; sub- 
 stance has yielded to form, the re- 
 ligion of the heart to the observance 
 of unmeaning forms and ceremonies. 
 While we are forced to witness the 
 impious exchange of the honors of the 
 Synagogue for a consideration in 
 pounds, shillings and pence, while Ave 
 calmly contemplate these evils, we are 
 at a loss whom most to condemn, those 
 who wantonly usurp this moral 
 tj'ranny, or those who tamely submit 
 to it. 
 
 "Bold arrogance! to snatch from 
 
 Heaven 
 Dominion ne'er to mortals given; 
 O'er Conscience to usurp the throne 
 Accountable to God alone." 
 
 Let it then be remembered to the 
 credit of the Reformed Society of Is- 
 raelites that they are the first who are 
 willing and determined to snatch from 
 destruction the dying embers of 
 Israel's name. It is true we have ac- 
 quired little of what the world calls 
 glory, either in wealth, in great names. 
 In loud triumphs; yet we may boast of 
 that which is of inestimable value to 
 us, and of acknowledged importance to 
 posterity. When our principles shall 
 have permanently settled throughout 
 the United States — when the modern 
 Jew shall be regarded as a citizen of 
 the world — distinguished only from 
 such as have imbibed the prejudices of 
 antiquity and considered by all man- 
 kind as the brother of every good man 
 of whatever denomination — when all 
 distinctions in Society shall be lost in 
 one general effort to be virtually con- 
 sidered a part of "God's chosen race," 
 then shall we indeed boast of moral 
 triuinphs, far above the cavils of poor 
 mortality — of intellectual conquests — of 
 the products of rational religion, of 
 virtue and piety. And who does not 
 feel sensibly alive to these great ends? 
 Who is it that will fail to bow in sub- 
 mission for the privilege of an unin- 
 terrupted communion with his God? 
 Who is so steeped in vice, so estranged 
 from virtue, as not to hail that the 
 happiest period of his life, in which he 
 may lift his aspirations to Jehovah 
 through the medium of his heart — the 
 unspeakable felicity of living in the un- 
 ceasuing discharge of a debt of grati- 
 tude? 
 
 We claim, then, to be the advocates 
 of a system of rational religion: of 
 substance, not form. For this we hold 
 ourselves responsible to God and our 
 consciences. We look not to the an- 
 tiquity of rites and ceremonies as a 
 just criterion for their observance by 
 us, but to their propriety, their gen- 
 eral utility, their peculiar applicability 
 to the age and country in which we 
 live; to the feelings, sentiments and 
 opinions of Americans. We regard the 
 free toleration of religion in this coun- 
 try as a bond of union between Jew 
 and Gentile; and the great privileges 
 which have been guaranteed to us by 
 the heroes of the Revolution, as strong 
 evidences of national deliverance. For, 
 if we trace the singular destiny of our 
 nation from their passage through the 
 Red Sea, and their miraculous deliver- 
 
ance from the tyranny of Pharaoh; if 
 we accompany them to the Desert and 
 witness their numberless sufferings, 
 their fatigues, their scanty food, the 
 variety of privations they endured un- 
 til the passage of the Jordan; if we 
 follow them into Canaan, and observe 
 their struggles with the Ammonites, 
 the Moabites, the Syrians, and the 
 Edomites, until the reign of King Sol- 
 omon; their subsequent glory for cen- 
 turies, and their captivity in Babylon, 
 until the generous edict of Cyrus; if we 
 pause in breathless amazement to con- 
 template their indescribable miseries 
 at the siege of Jerusalem, the moral 
 tyranny and degradation they suffered 
 under the scepter of Antiochus; their 
 famine, their pestilence, their thou- 
 sands of victims t» the sword of Adri- 
 an; if we look to the singular visita- 
 tion of Heaven in their repeated at- 
 tempts to rebuild their temple, and 
 pursuing their bloody track to the pres- 
 ent day, compare them hunted down 
 like wild beasts in France, Spain, 
 Italy, Germany and England, and con- 
 trast all this with the glorious desti- 
 nies of such as have profited by the 
 
 discovery of Columbus, how shall we 
 find language sufficiently strong, suffi- 
 ciently animated to paint, in appropri- 
 ate colors, the splendid achievement 
 of our national independence? 
 
 If our system is sound it will stand 
 as the moral emblem of truth, shed- 
 ding lustre upon itself, and dissipating 
 the dark clouds which encircle its base. 
 If bad, it deserves to perish; nor shall 
 we ask for it more than it merits. 
 What is established upon principle 
 must be supported by principle; what 
 is sustained by truth, is not likely to 
 be shaken by the reproaches of either 
 the bad or good; and that this is the 
 foundation of our whole system is suf- 
 ficiently proved by the uniform tenor 
 of our conduct from the birth of our 
 institution to the present moment. The 
 eye of scrutiny itself can discover in 
 no single act of our Society, the slight- 
 est variance from our original design; 
 and as we have ever regarded the 
 "Law and the Prophets" as our immor- 
 tal guide, so shall we pertinaciously 
 adhere to the divine precepts of the 
 one, and the moral doctrines of the 
 other. 
 
 [ Reprinted from the Sunday News, February 24, 1907.— No. 3.] 
 
Leaves from My 
 
 Historical Scrap Book. 
 
 By Dr Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL.D. 
 
 My article to-daj' will consist of some 
 furthei- notes on the Jews of early 
 South Carolina. These notes, while ad- 
 ding- something to our knowledge of 
 the subject, Avill not add a very great 
 deal. Personally, it is a source of gniti 
 fication to me to know that my former 
 work Avas done with such thoroughness, 
 that in spite of the fact that fifteen 
 months have elap.sed since my book 
 was published, during which time T 
 have been steadily working among tin, 
 archives of our Strste, I have only beeji 
 able to And a fev.^ meager pickings. 
 
 And here I wauld like to express a 
 word of needful warning to the worker 
 among our early records. Let not the 
 student trust the index to any old 
 manuscript volume if he finds one; if 
 he does, some of his best material will 
 escape him. I have myself recently 
 gone over the early Grant and Memo- 
 rial Books page by page, and have 
 found a wealth of material to whicn the 
 indices give ab.solutely no clue. Re- 
 search means hard work, but the re- 
 sult is worth while. With these re- 
 flections, I come to the subject of ni.v 
 article. 
 
 The F*fr«t Jew In South Carolina. 
 
 The headline forces me to smile. 
 When my book was published, I le 
 ceived two letteis from a couple of 
 friends — capable v.orkers in the histori- 
 cal field, calling my attention to the 
 fact that 1 had slipped up seriously in 
 neglecting to note a discovery made by 
 Mr Huhner in i.he course of his origin- 
 al, brilliant and exhaustive researches 
 in the libraries of New York;— especi- 
 
 ally strange in view of the circum- 
 stance that Mr Huhner had been gen- 
 erous enough to publish his discovery 
 in what purports to be his paper on the 
 Jews of South Carolina, read before the 
 American Jewish Historical Sociei;.>'^. 
 (See Publication!?, No 12, p. 42.) 
 
 In my review of Mr Huhner's work, 
 I stated, and gave reasons enough for 
 my opinion, that this highly— accredited 
 historian knew «o little of the subject 
 on wliich he was writing, that hs did 
 not know enough to copy even the sim- 
 plest historical .statement intelligently 
 and without confusion. The following 
 example from Mr Huhner's article, will 
 further illustrate my statement and at 
 the same time pomt the lesson of the 
 absurdity of the attempts of outsider!? 
 to write local irlstory: 
 
 "In a curious iittle volume which the 
 writer found at the Lenox Library en- 
 titled "A Peep into the Past by an 
 Ancient Lady of Charleston." it is 
 stated that the name of Mordecai 
 Xathan is mentioned in an Assessment 
 of the Inhabitants of Charleston as 
 early as 1694." 
 
 AV^ere this true, it would indeed bo 
 interesting, for we should be sure of 
 the name of the earliest Jew of record 
 in South Carolina. But unfortunately 
 Mr Huhner is as unreliable as his 
 authority, and oannot ev'en be trustinl 
 in his quotations. In the volume which 
 he quotes, Mrs. Poyas. the "Octogena- 
 rian Lady," does not refer to Charles- 
 ton at all. but to .-"i. "old Assessment of 
 the inhabitants of. the Parish of St. 
 James' Goose Ci-eok, for January, 160 1." 
 which she says she has seen. To Mr 
 Huhner, who in his now famous article 
 tliought Ninety Six "near Charleston." 
 St James', Goose Creek, in Charleston, 
 is near enough. iJut not for us. Bo- 
 sides, who but Ml- Huhner would think 
 of trusting an oc;ogenarian lady's eye- 
 sight in historical matters? Mr Huhner 
 as a lawyer ought to know better thari 
 that. It was easy enough for him to 
 
ascertain when the Parish of St James' 
 Goose Creek was established, and to 
 know that there was no such Parish 
 till 1706. (See Statutes of South Caro- 
 lina, Vol. 2, p. 'JS;i.) Mordicai Natlian 
 was in New York in 1711. He appears 
 in our records in 1715, and it was bom«.' 
 time between these years that he came 
 to Charles Town. 
 
 Simon Valentljn. 
 
 In my volume on the Jews of South 
 Carolina, I have given numei-ous refer- 
 ences to this inte'erting character whr. 
 lived in Charles Town from 1695 or 169'; 
 till about 1709. Ho was certainly the 
 most prominent Jew in the Province (f 
 his day, and judging from the number 
 of times his nam^ appears on adniiuis- 
 tratlon bonds, he must have been xir.tt 
 of the strongest citizens financially i!i 
 Charles Town in 1700. His wife's nam':- 
 was Judith. Her name occurs only once 
 in the records, in a Deed of Cou\ey- 
 ance registered in Columbia (Grant 
 book Vol. 1701-1712, page 29) dated 
 March 17, 1708. The following inter- 
 esting item concerning him occurs in 
 an article entitled "Municipal Begin- 
 nings," in the Courier of Nov. 27 1855: 
 "MILITARY POLICE AND PATliOL 
 — 1703. The following citizens naving 
 volunteered, are aj)pointed commission- 
 ers to take charge of the town gutird 
 and patrol, which then regarded ene- 
 mies from abroad, as well as internal 
 disturbances: 
 
 ■ NICK TROTT (chief justice and a 
 proprietary deputy.) HENRY NOBLE, 
 Esq., a proprietary deputy, Col JAMRt^ 
 RISBEE, Col. JOHN LOGAN. Lt. Col. 
 WM RHETT, Muj. ALEX PARHIS, 
 Maj. WM. SMITH, Capt. WM WEiilJxIO- 
 LF:Y, EDWARD LOUGHTON, SIMON 
 VALENTINE, BEN J. LAMBOLL. 
 PAUL LAMOUCHE, JOHN BUCK- 
 LEY, JAS. SERURIER SMITH. JAS. 
 INGERSON, LEWIS PASQUERIOaU. 
 THOS. PINKNEY. WM. GIBBONS and 
 LEWIS LANSAC." 
 
 Snmiiel i>Iiii«>kN. 
 
 This name i.s an addition to our early 
 Jewish Directory. I liave not met with 
 the name elsewhere, but I am sati.^lied, 
 from the number ef times it occurs in 
 connection with tliat of Simon Valcii- 
 tijn, that it is the name of a Jew. T 
 was somewhat in tlouljt at first as to 
 the reading of the name. It occm-rod 
 to me while puz-/:ling with it in the 
 early script, that ^lincks was a copy- 
 ist's error for Meadis. Be it reineni • 
 bered that Jacob Mendis was one of 
 the four Jews naturalized in Charles 
 Town in 1697. Sanu'el Mincks was here 
 
 in 1696. If the reader will take the 
 trouble to writo the two names on 
 paper and study them attentively for 
 a moment, he cannot but be struck by 
 the fact that a copyist unfamiliar with 
 the signature, would naturally rea.l 
 "Mincks" for "Mendis." The name 
 Mincks, apart from the individual we 
 are discussing doe'^ not obtain in our 
 records. I do not care to press my sur- 
 mise in face of the fact that it occurs 
 in three separate documents, but it is 
 worth keeping in mind. Some day 
 something may turn up that will fur- 
 nish a clue. I will therefore only give 
 the references whore the name occurs: 
 
 1. Bond from Samuell Minckes. of the 
 County of Berkley, to Mathew Taladar, 
 dated Oct. 14, 1606. It is witnessed by 
 Simon Valentijn. (Grant Book 1C96- 
 
 1703, p. 7.) 
 
 2. Bond from Mathew Taladar to 
 Samuel Mincks, bearing the same date 
 and similarly witnessed. (Ibid., p. S.) 
 
 3. Bill of Sale .if a negro from Samuel 
 Mincks of Charles Town, to Simon Val- 
 entine, dated Oct. 27, 1G96. (Probate 
 Court Records, Charleston, Volume 1094- 
 
 1704, p. 323.) 
 
 Mo.««e.«« Mntlinn. 
 
 Another addition to our Directory is 
 Moses Medina. I tiave found his name 
 in only two records. He is a witness 
 to a bond executed by Thomas Koliy. 
 of the Island of Barbados, mariner, 
 now sojourning u, Charles Town. This 
 bond is dated. March 12. 1702-3. (Pro- 
 bate Court Records, Charleston, Voluni3 
 1694-1704, p. 392.) The second document 
 is a Deed of Sale of a negro boy irom 
 Moses Madina, of Charles Town, mer- 
 chant, to Thomas Linch. It is dat^'d 
 Feb. 24, 1707-S, and is witnessed by 
 David Riz. (Book Grants, Sales. &c, 
 1703-9,pp. 149-150.) 
 
 David Rix. 
 
 This name is i^tiU another addition to 
 our Directory. David Riz mtist have 
 been a man of some prominence In 
 Charles Town, fo:-; I find his nani^ no 
 less than ten times on dociinienls of 
 \arious character during the years 170S 
 and 1709. He came from Jamaica. In 
 a list of persons ))iofessing tiie .Je\'. isli 
 religion naturalised in Jamaica in 174:', 
 there occurs the name of Hannah Lope/. 
 Riz. Several of the bonds made to him 
 are to be paid in "current money oi the 
 Island of Jamaica." His signatures .are 
 to be found as follows: 
 
 Grant Book 1, 1701-1712, pp. 44. 46, .50, 
 54. 66, 86. 87. 
 
 Book Grants, Sales, &c. D 1703-9, pp. 
 143, 149, 150. 
 
Mlscellaneoiij* References. 
 
 While on the subject of miscellane- 
 ous references, I have noted a lew 
 items that I had better print before ! 
 lose sight of them. 
 
 In the South-Carolina Gazette for 
 April 1, 1732, Mr. Abraham Mussius 
 (sic) advertises for a runaway Slavic. 
 The name Massiar. is a Jewish name 
 that obtains in South Carolina. 
 Whether the advertiser's name is mis- 
 spelled I do not know. We do not nioet 
 him again. 
 
 In our Mesne Conveyance Records, 
 Book 00. p. 356, dated 1754, we find the 
 name of "Mo.ses Ptirmiento, sutlei'.' It 
 sounds like a Jewish name, but there 
 js no other reference to him. 
 
 In the Diary of Mrs. Gabriel Mani- 
 gault (Ann Ashby. 1754-1781,) recently 
 acquired by the South Carolina His- 
 torical Society, the diarist makes the 
 following reference to Moses Lindo's 
 death: 
 
 "April 24. Moftcs Lindo died." (p. 
 45.) 
 
 In an article "Pa'metto Day," in thp 
 Courier of June 2S 1856, the house of 
 Mr. Lindo in Ansonborough is referred 
 to. Near this hDuse the soldiers use'l 
 to parade in the tariy days. 
 
 Barly Naturalization PaperN. 
 
 Leaving ihese miscellaneous notes, I 
 will now call attention to some most 
 interesting Jewisii naturalization paper.? 
 that I have discovered since the com- 
 pletion of my Volume. The ifirst, that 
 of Abraham Avila, of whom my book 
 has several notices, is to be found in 
 the Columbia Records, Book Grants, 
 1696-1703, pp. 81-2. 
 
 Abraham Avila. 
 
 CAROLINA 
 
 The Right Honble Joseph Blake Kpfjr. 
 one of the true and absolute L )rd? and 
 Proprs of ye Pro\ ince of Carolina, Com- 
 mander in Chief vice Admiral and Gov- 
 ernor of South Carolina: To aH Judges 
 Justices Magistrates ministers and of- 
 ficers Ecclesiasticall and Civill and to 
 all persons whatsoever to whome this 
 shall come to be seen, heard or read or 
 known GRi^^JETING 
 
 KNOW Yee that Abraham Avilla 
 Meicht, an alien of the Jewish Nation 
 borne out of the allegiance of the 
 Crowne of England hath taken his nath 
 of Allegiance to our Soveraign? Lord 
 
 William the Third over England .Scot- 
 land France and Ireland King &c De- 
 fender of ye faith and hath >lone every 
 other thing wch by an act of Assembly 
 made att Charles Town in ihe ninfh 
 Yeare of the Raigne of our Sovraign^ 
 Lord King William &c. Anno Dom: 
 One Thousand Six hundred ninety Six 
 and seaven entituled an Act to make 
 aliens free of this part of this Province 
 and for Granting Liberty of Contience 
 to all Protestants as hee is rc'iuired to 
 do and is fully and effectually to all In- 
 tents Constructions and Purposes Qual- 
 lified and Capasitated to have use and 
 Enjoy all the rights privileges Powfrs 
 and Immunities Given or Intended to 
 be Given to any alien then Inhabil.int 
 of South Carolina by ye aforesd .^vct to 
 Certifie wch I have hereunto Sett my 
 hand and Caused the Publick Seale to 
 bee affixed att Charles Town the 
 Twenty Sixth day of May anno Dom. 
 one thousand six hundred ninc^ty and 
 seaven JOSEPH BLAKE. 
 
 Registerd this 3rd Day of August 
 Anno Dom 1698. 
 
 THO: ROSE DEPTY REGR. 
 
 In the Volume Miscellaneous Records? 
 EE 1740, pp. 110 and 111, there are two 
 certificates recorded — of Moses de Mat- 
 tos and Joseph Tobias. 
 
 JoNepIt Tobiax. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 This is to Certify that at a Court of 
 Common Pleas held at Charles Tov, n in 
 the Province aforesaid on the Twenty 
 sixth day of November 1741 befive Ben- 
 jamin Whitaker Esqr Chief .Tusric-^ .and 
 his Associates appeared Joseph Tobi.is 
 a Jew between the Hours of ni»ie and 
 Twelve in the forenoon of the san^e day 
 in order to be Naturalized pursuanc to 
 an Act of Parliament intituled .m Act 
 for Naturalizing such Fon'ign ]*i'o- 
 testants and otliers therein mentioned 
 as are Settled or shall Settle in any of 
 of his Matys Colonies in Amoii^a 
 passed in the Thirteenth Yen* of his 
 present Matys Reign and having- de- 
 clared before the said Judge that he 
 
had lived Seven years in his Matys 
 Colonies in America and had not been 
 absent more than two Months at any 
 one time during the said sewn i'ears 
 took the Oaths (the words upon tlie 
 True faith of a Christian— havin?? been 
 omitted in administring the simf) and 
 made and Subscribed the Declaration 
 appointed hy the Act (Geo:) in the 
 said Act of Parliament mentioned 
 pursuant to the Directions of the said 
 
 Act 
 
 BENJAMIN WHITAK.fr. 
 
 26 November 1741. 
 Recoi-ded the 11th December 1741 
 
 Fxd J. Hammerton 
 
 [The omission ot the words "upon the 
 true faith of a Christian" in adminster- 
 Ing- the oath is worthy of note. It %vus 
 not till 1853 that the "Test Oath" was 
 finally abolished in England. It look 
 a hundred and fiCfy years of persistent 
 fighting to win this toleration for the 
 Jew.] 
 
 The following Naturalization Papei's 
 are to be found in a volume enlil.le.l 
 "Citizen's Book," that has recently 
 come to light in Columbia. The first of 
 ti'ese is interesting— that of Lyon Levy 
 who was afterwards for many years 
 State Treasurer in Charleston. 
 
 Lyon I>evi. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA 
 
 CHARLESTON THIS IS TO CER- 
 TIFY that Lyon Levi late a Subject of 
 the King of Great Britain is become a 
 
 Citizen of this, he having taken and 
 Subscribed the Oath of Allegiance and 
 Fidelity according to An Act of As- 
 sembly in that case made and provided 
 but is not entitled to vote at any Elec- 
 tions of the State or City — . 
 
 Given under my hand this tv/enly 
 fifth day of September in the Year of 
 Our Lord one thousand seven hundrt-d 
 and eighty six — and in the Eleventh 
 Year of the Independence. of America 
 
 J. F. Grimke 
 
 Recorded 21st May 1788. 
 
 Other I'npers. 
 
 Other certificate.-? are the following: 
 
 Jacob Cantor, Junior, late a subject 
 of the United Netherlands, dated July 
 15, 1784. 
 
 Isaac Benedix, Gent., late a citizen of 
 the United Provinces of Holland, dated 
 June 1, 1787. 
 
 Joshua Jonas, Gent., late a subject 
 of the King of Gi-eat Britain, dated Dec. 
 5, 1786. 
 
 Esaias Moses, now of Colinnbia, 
 dated August 27, 1S06. The certificate 
 sets forth that he was born in Hanover 
 in the German Empire where he lived 
 until he came to this State, and that 
 he has no family. 
 
 Lewis Levy, a rative of England, 22 
 years old, has resided in this State 
 since 1819. Recorded, Nov. 7, 1825. 
 
 In the same volume, there is a most 
 interesting slip in ragged condliion, 
 which contains the original signatures 
 of a niunber of men who took the oalli 
 of allegiance to the State of K-M)uth 
 Carolina on March 27, 1784. Included in 
 this list are tlie names of Joseph Sal- 
 vador and Philip Moses. 
 
 I Iteprlnted from the Sunday News, March .1, 1907.— No.*4.1 
 
Leaves from My 
 
 Historical Scrap Book. 
 
 By Dr Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL.D. 
 
 My article to-day will again be taken 
 up with Jewish material, which I trust, 
 however, will not be without interest to 
 the general reader. I shall next week 
 return to the general history of South 
 Carolina. 
 
 The F^rst Conflrmatlon Ceremony In 
 the American Syna^^oi^ue. 
 
 The complete story of the Synagogue 
 in America has not yet been written. 
 We are fairly familiar with the history 
 of American Judaism since the advent 
 of the German Reformers of the forties. 
 None of our writers, however, has 
 known anything of the earlier develop- 
 ment, save from secondary sources — al- 
 ways dangerous sources of information. 
 The reader should be reminded that 
 the early writers manifest a complete 
 lack of the historic sense, if not of 
 literary conscience — their statements 
 being often contradicted by the most 
 positive documentary evidence. No 
 matter how apparently straightforward 
 their story is, it is always well not to 
 trust their statements unless borne out 
 by confirmatory proofs. 
 
 Unfortunately for the historian, many 
 of the documents are no longer in ex- 
 istence. But in spite of this fact, every 
 now and again the investigator is re- 
 warded bj' a "And" of value. Two such 
 documents have recently come into the 
 writer's possession, and with their dis- 
 covery, the story of the first reform 
 movement can be written authentically 
 for the first time. 
 
 The first document referred to is the 
 Prayer Book of the Reformed Society 
 
 of Israelites, printed in Charleston in 
 1830 — a volume unknown to all the 
 writers. And a most beautiful Prayer 
 Book it is, with its diction almost classi- 
 cal — in which respect it is in marked 
 contrast with later productions. 
 
 The second document is the original 
 Constitution of the Society, which em- 
 bodies among other valuab'.e things, 
 the Memorial addressed to the Vestry 
 of the Charleston Congregation, in 1824, 
 and the rejection of which led to the in- 
 stitution of the first reform movement. 
 This document establishes the interest- 
 ing fact which we have not known 
 hitherto, viz; that the Charleston move- 
 ment was not, strictly speaking, a na- 
 tive movement, but was directly con- 
 nected with the similiar movement 
 then in full swing in Germany. The 
 original Memorial contains a long ex- 
 tract from the "Frankfort Journal" uf 
 1824, referring to a number of reforms 
 similar to those demanded by the me- 
 morialists. These documents will be 
 published in the near future. 
 
 But to come back to our thesis. The 
 following extract from the just-men- 
 tioned Prayer Book shows how con- 
 firmation was conducted in Charleston, 
 in 1825. This selection is only one of 
 many beautiful "reforms" which the 
 volume contains. 
 
 MODE OF CONFIRMATION. 
 
 (Any one born of Jewish parents, not 
 under the age of thirteen, and desirous 
 of expressing his belief in the Jewish 
 faith, may, on any Sabbath, make dec- 
 laration of the same and be confirmed 
 
therein as follows. He advances to the 
 minister's desk, and says:) 
 
 Youth. — Here, in the presence of this 
 congregation, and in the presence of 
 that gracious God whose goodness has 
 endowed me with reason, I desire to 
 declare my firm and religious belief in 
 the divine origin of the moral law, and 
 in the great articles of the Jewish faith. 
 1 desire to appear in the presence of 
 heaven and earth, an Israelite accord- 
 ing to the faith and customs of the Re- 
 formed Society of Israelites, in whose 
 temple of worship I now stand. 
 
 Minister. — My son, dost thou act from 
 thine own free will, and is this the 
 wish of thy heart and the conviction of 
 thy understanding? 
 
 Youth. — It is. I have been taught to 
 love the paths of piety and virtue; I 
 hope to follow them. Through God's 
 goodness, I also hope that I compre- 
 hend the essential points of our ex- 
 cellent religion, and I shall strive with 
 my best endeavors to observe and prac- 
 tice through life its moral and pious 
 doctrines. ' 
 
 Minister. — Repeat, my son, the articles 
 of that I'eligious creed which thou hast 
 adopted, and in which thy parents and 
 guardians, assisted by thine own m- 
 dustry, have happily instructed thee. 
 Repeat them, in sincerity and truth; 
 for the offering thou art about to make 
 must be a free-will offering unto God. 
 If any compulsion hath been exercised 
 toward thee, the sin of hypocrisy will 
 be thine, in declaring that which is not 
 in thy heart, and the sin of tyranny 
 and impiety on those who have brought 
 thee hither against thy will. Repeat to 
 me, then, the articles of our holy faith. 
 
 Youth. — I repeat them freely, with 
 sincerity, and truth. 
 
 ARTICLES OF FAITH. 
 
 T. I believe with a perfect faith, that 
 (God Almighty (blessed be His name!) 
 is the Creator and Governor of all cre- 
 ation; and that He alone has made, 
 does make, and will make al! things. 
 
 II. I believe with a perfect faith, that 
 the Creator (blessed be His name!) is 
 only ONE IN UNITY; to which there 
 Is no resemblance; and that He alone 
 has been, is, and will be God. 
 
 III. I believe with a perfect faith, 
 that the Creator (blessed be His name!) 
 is not corporeal, nor to be compre- 
 hended by any understanding capable 
 of comprehending only what is cor- 
 poreal; and that there is nothing like 
 Him in the universe. • 
 
 IV. I believe with a perfect faith, that 
 the Creator (blessed be His name!) is 
 the only true object of adoration, and 
 
 that no other being whatsoever ought 
 to be worshipped. 
 
 V. I believe with a perfect faith, that 
 the soul of man is breathed into him b^" 
 God, and is therefore immortal! 
 
 VI. I believe with a perfect faith, that 
 the Creator (blessed be His name!) 
 knows all things, and that He will re- 
 ward those who observe His commands, 
 and punish those who transgress them. 
 
 VII. I believe with a perfect faith, 
 that the laws of God, as delivered by 
 Moses in the Ten Commandments, are 
 the only true foundations of piety to- 
 ward the Almighty and of morality 
 among men. 
 
 VHI. I believe with a perfect faith, 
 that morality Is essentially connected 
 with religion, and that good faith to- 
 ward all mankind is among the most 
 acceptable offerings to the Deity. 
 
 IX. I believe with a perfect faith, that 
 the love of God is the highest duty of 
 His creatures, and that the pure and 
 upright heart is the chosen temple of 
 Jehovah. 
 
 X. I believe with a perfect faith, that 
 the Creator (blessed be His name!) is 
 the onlj' true Redeemer of all His chil- 
 dren, and that He will spread the wor- 
 ship of His name over the whole earth. 
 
 Minister. — May God bless thee, my 
 son; and mayst thou ever be mindful 
 of thy duty toward God, and thy duty 
 toward thy fellow creatures. Let us 
 praise the Lord God who created man 
 after the image of His angels, wh? 
 created him a rational, a responsible, 
 an immortal soul. 
 
 From 1825 to 1907 is a far cry. Are 
 we really in advance of the early Re- 
 formers? We doubt it. 
 
 Anent Traditions. 
 
 In the introduction to my History of 
 the Jews of South Carolina, I stated 
 that in my work tradition would play 
 but an insignificant part; that it was 
 as well to let traditions die; ihfit while 
 interesting to the general reader, they 
 do not as a rule help the truth of his- 
 tory. 
 
 Mr Max J. Kohler, the Secretary of 
 the American Jewish Historical So- 
 ciety, doesn't like my method of writing 
 history. I am glad of it. If he did like 
 it, I should have reason to fear that 
 there was something wrong with it. 
 Inasmuch, however, as my knowledge 
 of the subject under discussion com- 
 bined with Mr Kohler's, represents ex- 
 actly, mathematically speaking, neither 
 more nor less, what my own knowledge 
 represents, it would manifestly be a 
 waste of time on my part to have any 
 ai-gument with him. When I wrote as 
 
I did, I wrote advisedly, with the full- 
 est knowledge of the traditions of the 
 Jews of South Carolina, and with a fair 
 idea, born of my own reflection and 
 study, of the underlying truth that was 
 contained in them. Ten years of in- 
 cessant investigation ought, I think, 
 to entitle a man to express an opinion 
 as to the value of traditions in a field 
 of research that he has made eminently 
 his own. So that I am not convinced 
 of the evil of my ways, and the re- 
 ception of my volume by a critical pub- 
 lic seems to bear me out in iny view of 
 the matter. Hence, in my second vol- 
 ume, the manuscript of which will, I 
 trust, soon be in the printer's hands, I 
 propose to continue to use my own de- 
 fective methods, in preference to Mr 
 Kohler's — to him more satisfactory 
 ones. 
 
 All this anent a bit of tradition that 
 I have been trying to straighten out for 
 many years, but without success. 
 
 Abraham Alexander (1743-1816) was 
 the second Reader of the Congregation 
 Beth Elohim, succeeding Isaac Da 
 Costa about the year 1764. A family 
 tradition tells that he came to South 
 Carolina a widower, and that he mar- 
 ried a second time under very roinantic 
 circumstances. He was, namely, a sol- 
 dier in the Revolution, and while walk- 
 ing guard one night, rendered signal 
 service to a lady who liappened to be 
 passing at the time. This lady, herself 
 a widow, was a Christian — Mrs Ann 
 Sarah Irby, formerly a Miss Huguenm, 
 of Charleston, whom he afterwards 
 married. She was never formally made 
 a Jewess, the tradition coniinues, but 
 lived a consistent Jewess all her life. 
 When she died, however, she was de- 
 nied Jewish burial by reason cf the fact 
 that she hud never been formally ad- 
 mitted into the faith. So far the tra- 
 dition. Now for the facts. 
 
 Abraham Azuby was elected Hazan, 
 or Reader of the Congregation in 17S4. 
 successor to Abraham Alexander. Had 
 the latter's marriage anything to do 
 with his retirement? Or did the Co;i- 
 gregation tire of him after twenty 
 years of service, as so many modern 
 congregations do of their ministers? 
 Was the election of Abraham Azuby 
 due to the fact that Beth Elohim was 
 now able to have a paid Reader? 
 (Abraham Alexander gave his services 
 gratuitously.) I do not know. 
 
 As to the marriage of Abraham Alex- 
 ander to Mrs Irby, we have no record 
 of it. It is not to be found simong the 
 marriage notices in any of our news- 
 papers, nor in any source of information 
 at present at our disposal. It is an 
 
 unfortunate fact that should always be 
 borne in mind, that very few of our 
 old families have saved their family 
 Bibles — most of these were destroyed 
 during the War between the States. 
 All we know for certain is, that his 
 wife's name was Ann Sarah. 
 
 As to Abraham Alexander's wife 
 being denied burial in the Jewish 
 cemetery, it seems unreasonable from 
 what we know of the customs of the 
 early Synagogue in Charleston. When 
 Abraham Alexander died, the Congre- 
 gation incorporated in its written C3on- 
 stitution that every Kippur night a 
 special Escaba [prayer for the dead] 
 should be offered for him, which they 
 would hardly have done if his marriage 
 had given such offence that his wife 
 was denied Jewish burial. But be this 
 as it may, there is the strange fact 
 confronting us, that we do not know 
 what became of Ann Sarah. In her v/ill, 
 proved on December 15, 1835, she says: 
 "My desire is that I may be biiried in 
 the Congregational Burial Ground of 
 Kail. Kadish Beth Elohim, of this 
 City." But she is apparently not 
 buried alongside of her husband, nor in 
 any other part of the Jewish burial 
 ground. There is no notice of her 
 death, nor funeral notice, nor obituary 
 notice in any of the various flies of 
 newspapers that exist here of the time 
 of her death. The "Death Returns," 
 which are here right along from the 
 year 1821 to the present time, do not 
 contain the record of her death. Where 
 and when did Ann Sarah die? And 
 where is she buried? Did she die while 
 visiting away from Charleston? Does 
 she lie in some unmarked grave in a 
 non-Jewish cemetery? I do not know. 
 Perhaps Mr Kohler who knows so much 
 about the investigation of traditions 
 will enlighten us. For myself— for the 
 present at least — I give it up. I would, 
 however, reiterate my point, that whon 
 dealing with traditions, we find our- 
 selves, as a rule in a vast wilderness, 
 with little or no clue to help us. 
 
 Knrly Jetvlsh Ship Ovruers. 
 
 Charles Town was quite a seaport in 
 Provincial days and the ship arrivals 
 with the vessels' contents make good 
 i-eading even to-day. Dry as these lists 
 appear, to the student of hl.^tory and 
 political economy they tell as inter- 
 esting a tale as do the stones and the 
 flowers to the geologist and the botan- 
 ist. In these days of ocean greyhounds, 
 it is hard to throw ourselves back in 
 imagination to the days when a few 
 vessels of "forty tons burthen," were 
 
quite a factor in the commerce of a 
 port. 
 
 A volume recently brought to light in 
 Columbia gives us many details of the 
 vessels that traded to the Port of 
 Charles Town. It is entitled: "Ves- 
 sells Names, Masters, Where Bound, 
 Passenger Ship Register begun April 
 1743." The volume contains a series of 
 declarations of ownership of the craft 
 enumerated. Among these are several 
 of well-known Jews. They ere as fol- 
 lows, in the order in which they occur: 
 
 Isaac Depass, of Charles Town, de- 
 clares himself the sole owner of the 
 Brigantine The Carolina, of Charles 
 Town. "He is at present owner thereof 
 and no foreigner directly or indirectly 
 hath any share or part or interest 
 therein." [August 16, 1744.] 
 
 Solomon Isaacs, of Charles Town, 
 merchant, declares himself sole owner 
 of the sloop. The Heron, of Charlas 
 Town, a square-stern'd Vessel, of 
 twenty-five tons or thereabouts. [Jan. 
 IS, 1747.] 
 
 Joseph Tobias, of Charles Town, mer- 
 chant, declares himself the owner, of 
 the schooner The Judith, of Charles 
 Town, a square sterned vessel of forty 
 tons or thereabouts. [March 6, 17.50.] 
 
 Moses Lindo declares himself the 
 owner of the schooner Lindo Packett, of 
 Charles Town. [August .;i, 1757.] 
 
 THE FIRST MOISE IN SOUTH 
 CAROLINA. 
 
 The tracing of the beginnings of early 
 families is always interesting, .and es- 
 pecially is this the case v.'hen the later 
 
 generations have maintained the stan- 
 dards of their sires. The Moise family 
 of South Carolina is particularly nota- 
 ble by reason of the number of dis- 
 tinguished citizens it has given to this 
 State and to this country. The family 
 came to Charleston from St Domingo 
 (Cape Francois) in 1794 — not 1791 — as 
 stated in the Jewish Encyclopaedia, 
 Art. "Moise." 
 
 The following advertisement in the 
 South Carolina State Gazette & Daily 
 Advertiser, for April 28, 1795, is the first 
 notice of the family in this State: 
 
 MR & MRS MOISE 
 
 UNFORTUNATE sufferers from the 
 Cape present their compliments to the 
 ladies of this city, and take the liberty 
 to inform them that they have for sale, 
 at their house in Queen-street, thr^e 
 doors from King-street, and opposite 
 to Mr Nixon's school, a few pieces of 
 India, japan, tamboured, and plain 
 muslins; humhum threads, tapes, white 
 chappie needles, and fine Irish linens, 
 &c, &c. 
 
 Also, just opened 1 chest of 
 
 HYSON TEA; 
 
 Equal to any in this city, which they 
 will sell 
 7 shillings per pound. 
 As Mr & Mrs Moise mean to sell with 
 a very small profit, they hope for the 
 encouragement of the generous public, 
 which will enable them to support a 
 large family. 
 April 25. 
 
 I lleprlnted from the Sunday News, March 10, 1907.— No. 5.1 
 
Leaves from My 
 
 Historical Scrap Book. 
 
 By Dr Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL.D. 
 
 My article to-day will be taken vip 
 with Revolutionary material. I shall 
 possibly irritate some of my readers, 
 but I cannot help it. I am not writing, 
 I assure them, for the purpose of irri- 
 tating — my life is far too crowded for 
 me to indulge in any such amusement. 
 But I want to give my readers some- 
 thing to think about; and whether they 
 agree with me or not, I want them to 
 think. If I succeed in setting them 
 a-thinking, my object will have been 
 attained. 
 
 Now before making myself disagree- 
 able, I vvill premise that I have made 
 a thorough study of the story of the 
 Revolution from the sources. I have 
 read the newspapers as they appeared 
 day by day, not only here but in the 
 Library of Congress, whose files during 
 the period of British occupation are 
 much more complete than ours. Dur- 
 ing my study of the period I breathed 
 the atmosphere of the Revolution to 
 such an extent that I often wondered 
 whether I was living in the 20th cen- 
 tury or in the 18th. I think, at least, 
 that I am able to judge the events of 
 that momentous period quite impar- 
 tially. 
 
 And here I will say at once, that the 
 influence of patriotic Societies so-called, 
 has been anything but beneficial to the 
 accurate study of history. Founded 
 with the best of intentions, these Soci- 
 eties have largely done little more than 
 to furnish occupation to numerous 
 more or less competent genealogists, 
 who have found it profitable to pander 
 
 to the vanity of hosts of silly men and 
 women who have been Infected with 
 the craze of the privilege of joining So- 
 cieties whose stars and bars, and 
 badges and buttons, distinguish their 
 members as superior to the rank and 
 file of common folk. 
 
 Now I have nothing to say against 
 the existence of societies whose pur- 
 pose is to foster the spirit of patriot- 
 ism, than which there is nothing nobler. 
 But when these Societies degenerate 
 into mere social bodies, whose very 
 Constitutions make it clear that they 
 are based upon the most unintelligent 
 interpretation of the simplest histori- 
 cal facts; and when their members 
 everywhere assume an I-am-holier- 
 than-thou attitude to the rest of the 
 world, I think it a reasonable duty — 
 even if a thankless task, to submit that 
 their vaunted merit is a chimera. 
 
 It is really pathetic to think of the 
 number of people who are constantly 
 writing letters imploring one to chase 
 their Revolutionary ancestors. They 
 will give almost anything in reason for 
 the coveted scrap of paper that will 
 enable them to "join," and wear a 
 badge or button. Here is the Secretary 
 of our Historical Commission wasting 
 his valuable time — our valuable time — 
 time that he could, by reason of his ex- 
 traordinary attainments, use to far 
 better advantage if devoted to the task 
 of exploiting tlie history of this State 
 —putting into envelopes the many thou- 
 sands of little account papers that cor- 
 respond to the "indent stubs" for niili- 
 
tia pay or other services during the 
 Revolution. O, the rapture of it, if one 
 is only fortunate enough to find ail an- 
 cestor's name on one of these bits of 
 paper! He can now "join" and wear a 
 badge or a button. 
 
 But, dear reader, what do these bits 
 of paper prove? Of themselves, abso- 
 lutely nothing except that Mr So-and- 
 so had an ancestor who lived here dur- 
 ing the Revolution and did militia duty. 
 For everybody did militia duty nho 
 lived here. He couldn't help doing mil- 
 itia duty. He may have been a most 
 ardent Loyalist and yet have done 
 militia service for which an "indent" 
 v/as in due course issued to him. 
 These papers of themselves, in truth, 
 are the poorest evidence of so-called 
 "patriotism." Anyone ^\ho knows any- 
 thing at all of the Revolutionary his- 
 tory of the State, is aware of the fact 
 that every man between the ages of IG 
 and 60 wlio lived here, was compelled 
 to do militia duty: "to appear com- 
 pletely armed once in every fortnight 
 for muster, train and exercise, to do 
 patrol duty, and to be drafted for a 
 limited time, usually 30 or 60 days, ac- 
 cording to the season of the year, when 
 deemed necessary by the Governor or 
 Commander-in-chief." If he didn't do 
 his duty,— well, I won't tell you what 
 they did with him — read any of the 
 "Orderly Books" that are still in ex- 
 istence and you will see how they 
 "fixed" him. The regulations were 
 such that men would not be likely to 
 take many chances. Suffice it t<> say, 
 then, that militia duty as proven by the 
 existence of an indent, is of itself, no 
 proof of patriotism whatsoever. 
 
 And now another thing. There are in 
 existence several lists containing hun- 
 dreds of names of men who did militia 
 duty and many of whom did actual 
 fighting, and who, when Charles Town 
 fell, lost little time in coming in and 
 declaring that they were now and had 
 been right along "sincerely well af- 
 fected to His Majesty's person and 
 Government." The original onth<? of 
 
 allegiance of these people are still in 
 existence in England. One of these 
 lists — the well-known "Petitions to 
 Clinton," printed in The Royal South- 
 Carolina Gazette, of September 21, 17S0, 
 I am reproducing to-day. On a pre- 
 vious occasion I printed a similar list 
 of the year 1781. We have on this list, 
 so it would appear, the names of 166 
 men who did militia service because 
 they had to, and who, when it looked 
 as if things were going the other way 
 — as though the Revolution wag going: 
 to be a failure after all and South Car- 
 olina remain a British Province — 
 showed what their real feelings were 
 and took protection. The wording of 
 the document would seem, at least, to 
 lend color to this view. 
 
 But I would not place an unqualified 
 interpretation upon the document. 
 There may have been men on this list 
 who swore allegiance because if they 
 had not done so, they would have been 
 deprived of the privilege of "exercising 
 their trades or professions," and a hun- 
 gry family may have impelled them to 
 do what they would not otherwise have 
 done. I say "may" have done this, for 
 there is no possible means of knowing 
 the reasons that actuated these peti- 
 tioners to Clinton. As the case stands, 
 we have only the written document to 
 speak for Itself. I maintain, therefore, 
 that the occurrence of a name on this 
 or any other list, or even the existence 
 of an original oath of allegiance, is I'ot 
 of itself any proof of "loyalty." How 
 our patriotic Societies make the dis- 
 tinction, I cannot imagine. We who 
 know the personnel of the community 
 cannot do it; how these Societies man- 
 age to do it, is beyond me. 
 
 To put the whole thing into a nut- 
 shell: it is a poor business any way 
 you look at it. This "patriotic" Society 
 craze is about as rational in its raison 
 d'etre as an organization would be in 
 the year 1^60, composed only of those 
 who could trace their descent from 
 those who did "beat duty" prior to the 
 War, or a similar organization in the 
 year 2000, strictly limited to those 
 
whose ancestors paid their poll tax in 
 1900. It seems to me that with our 
 modern versatility and ingenuity some 
 better means could be devised than the 
 privilege of a badge or a button, as 
 an incentive to the spirit of patriotism. 
 
 Petitions to Clinton. 
 
 Charles-Town, September 19th, 17S0. 
 
 WHEREAS several Memorials and 
 Petitions have been presented to the 
 Commandant for Charles-Town, by 
 sundry persons, severally setting forth, 
 that they were very desirous to shew 
 every mark of allegiance and attach- 
 ment in their power to his Majesty's 
 person and government, to which they 
 were most sincerely well affected, and 
 therefore humbly prayed that they 
 might have an opportunity to evince 
 the sincerity of their professions. 
 AND WHEREAS the said Memorials 
 and Petitions were referred to gentle- 
 men of known loyalty and integrity, as 
 well as knowledge of the persons and 
 characters of the inhabitants, in order 
 to report the manner in which the Me- 
 morialists had heretofore conducted 
 themselves; and they having made their 
 report in favor of the persons under- 
 mentioned. Notice is hereby given, 
 that if they will apply at the State- 
 House on Friday the twenty-second 
 instant, at nine o'Clock in the forenoon, 
 and there, before one of the Intendants 
 of the Police, subscribe a declaration of 
 their allegiance, they will receive a cer- 
 tificate which will entitle them to use 
 the free exercise of their trades or pro- 
 fessions, and the privileges enjoyed by 
 the other loyal inhabitants of Charles- 
 Town. 
 
 AUxander, Abraham Bommer, Jacob. 
 
 Aiidif-y, Erasmus. 
 Karrell, John. 
 Barus, John. 
 Hell. William. 
 Besley, Abraham. 
 Bland, Willinm. 
 Bonneau, Elisha. 
 
 Booner, Christian. 
 Briggs, Adam. 
 Brodie, John. 
 Buckie, George. 
 Calwell, Henry. 
 Cardos. David. 
 Chapman. William. 
 
 Charnock, Thomas. Mell, Benjamin. 
 Chateris, George. Mercy, John Baptist 
 Clark, William. Mewhenny, William. 
 
 Clayton, Abraham. Middleton, David. 
 Cohen, Philip. Miller, Jacob. 
 
 Coker, Thomas. Mills, Wm. 
 
 Collins, Alexander. Milner, George. 
 Combe, John. Milner, Solomon. 
 
 Darby, James. Morgan, William. 
 
 Darrell, Benjamin. Moses, Philip. 
 Dart, Benjamin, Myers, Joseph. 
 
 Dart, John. McCreary, Robert. 
 
 Dewees, William. McCreary, Thomas. 
 Dickenson, Jeremiah M'Hughe, Anthony. 
 
 Dill, Joseph. M'Lauglin, James." 
 
 Donaldson. James. McMillian, Samuel. 
 
 Dulles, Joseph. McMullen, Alex. 
 
 Eliazer, Moses. M'Queir, John. 
 
 Ernst, Jacob. Nixon, John B. 
 Farasteau. Anthonv Nugent. James. 
 Fleming. William. " Peacock, William. 
 
 Florin. Lucas. Poinsett, Eiisha. 
 
 Prazer, James. Potts, James. 
 
 Freer. Charles. Powell, George. 
 
 Freer, Geor.ge. Prius, Lery. 
 
 Fring, Bruncker. Quash. Robert. 
 
 Gil/nes, Thomas. Radcliffe, Thomas. 
 
 Gitsinger. George. Ralif, Frederick. 
 
 Godfrey. John. Ramley, Martin. 
 
 Gotier, Francis. Reid, William. 
 
 Graham William. Rivers, Thomas. 
 
 Gregg, John. Roberts, John. 
 Grpenage. Abraham. Roberts, Stephen. 
 Grinnings. Christian. Roberts, Thomas. 
 Gunn, William. Rogers, John. 
 
 Hampstead. John. Roper, Thomas. 
 
 Hampton. John. Roper, William. 
 
 Hampton. Wade. Roybould, Thomas 
 
 Hampton, William. Ruffe, Daniel. 
 
 Hanahan. Edward. Rugge, James. 
 Hanscome. Thos. sen Sharp, James. 
 Hanscome. Thos. jun Simon, Lorenz. 
 
 Harrison. John. Simons, Saul. 
 
 Harvey. William. Smith, George. 
 
 Hays, John. Smith, Peter . (?) 
 
 Hennaker, John. Smith, Thomas B. 
 
 Hillegas, Albertus. Smith, \V"m Henry. 
 
 Holmes, Daniel. Snetter, Charles.' 
 
 Holmes. John. sen. Stairns, John. 
 
 Holmes. .John, Jun. Stanyarne, John R. 
 
 Holmes, Peter. Stanyarne. William. 
 
 Honour. Thomas. Stoll, Jacob. 
 
 Horry. Ellas. Stoll. William. 
 
 T-Towell. John. Sullivan, Cornelius. 
 
 Howl. Henry. Svvmt, John. 
 
 Huger. Daniel. Taaf. Honor. 
 
 Hnger. Francis. Taylor, David. 
 
 Huston, James. Testard, Robert. 
 
 Jennings, Remond. Thorne, Philip. 
 
 Johnston, Jonathan. Thorpe, John. 
 
 Johnston, Wm. Tier. William. 
 
 .Tones. John. Todd, Richard. 
 
 Kelpev, William. Trezevant. Daniel. 
 
 Kirsohmar. John. Turner, Edward. 
 
 Laurence. Stephen. Venning. Nicholas. 
 
 Lnzarus, Marcus. Viegra. Joseph. 
 
 7>citz. Bernard. Waight, John. 
 
 Deroux. John. Vv'aring, .Tohn. 
 
 Lloyd. Joseph. Weston, Plowden. 
 
 Loilpe. John. Williams, Robert, jr. 
 
 Lowndes. Charles. W'illson. John. 
 
 Lvme, Frederick. Wish, John. 
 
 Manigault. Gabriel, Wolforston, Francis. 
 
 Mason. William. Young, George jun. 
 Matthews, Benjamin 
 
 By order of the Commandant, 
 
 G. Benson, Major of Brigade. 
 
Obituary Notloen of Revolationary 
 SoI(1ier8. 
 
 (From the Courier.) 
 Wm Abney, Jan 19, 1832. 
 Jas Adare, sen, July 20, 1835. 
 Jennings Allen, Feb 3, 1835. 
 John Artis, Feb 11, 1834. 
 Joseph Black, Nov 18, 1843. 
 John Brockington, Dec 24, 1841. 
 John Brown, June 3, 1842. 
 John Burg-ess, Oct 15, 1803. 
 Isaac Bush, Feb 12, 1835. 
 D. N. Cardozo, July 16. 1835. 
 William Carson, Jan 9, 1850. 
 Paul Castleberry, June 29, 1841. 
 Jonathan Davis, Aug 17, 1841. 
 Wm Day, July 5, 1841. 
 Joel Dean, sen, March 15, 1842. 
 Capt Thomas Edwards, Aug 16, 1832. 
 Wm Hasell Gibbes, Feb 21, 1834. 
 Isaac Gregory, Nov 24, 1844. 
 Capt William Guest, Aug 10, 1841. 
 Aaron Guyton, July 20, 1841. 
 Andrew Hamilton, Jan 28, 1835. 
 Col Samuel Hammond. Sept 15, 1842. 
 Robert Hand, sen, Aug 10, 1841. 
 Hugh Hanna, Sept 6. 1842. 
 Drury Harrington, Jan 3, 1840. 
 Drury Hearn, Nov 2, 1840. 
 John Hume, April 7, 1841. 
 Robert Kilpatrick, July 15, 1840. 
 Joseph Koger, sen, Feb 16, 1835. 
 Peter Kolb, Dec 24, 183.5. 
 John Lamar, Oct 31, 1842. 
 Bazile Laneau, Nov 19, 1833. 
 Benjamin Lindsey, Oct 1, 1841. 
 John P. Martin, July 18, 1832. 
 M;ij Henry Moore, Aug 18, 1843. 
 Maj Samuel Morrow, Mar 18, 1842. 
 Abraham Motte, Oct 23, 1833. 
 Thomas M'Dow, Nov 16, 1835. 
 John M'Gehee, Feb 4, 1834. 
 Archibald M'Mahon, June 29, 1841. 
 John Randal, sen, July 17, 1840. 
 Henry Rea, Sept 21, 1842. 
 William Richardson, July 14, 1843. 
 Samuel Rivers, Feb 2, 1835. 
 Rev John Rooker, July 15, 1840. 
 Wm Shiver, Jan 24, 1832. 
 William Smith, Feb 9, 1843. 
 Col Henry D. Stone, Feb 2, 1841. 
 
 Col Thomas Taylor, Nov 22, 1833. 
 Maj John Threewits, July 16. 1842. 
 George Turner, March 23, 1843. 
 Rev George Vandicer, July 30, 1833. 
 William Wilson, Nov 26, 1833. 
 
 South Carolina LroyaliHtH and tliose 
 ■*%-lio Toolv Protection. 
 
 List of those withdrawn from the 
 State to join the enemies thereof. — The 
 Gazette of the State of South-Carolina, 
 Nov 24, 1779. There is a further list in 
 The Charlestown Gazette, Jan 11, 1780. 
 
 List of Petitioners to Clinton— 166 
 names. — The Royal South-Carolina Ga- 
 zette, Sept 21, 1780. 
 
 List of 213 Petitioners for Protection. 
 —The Royal Gazette, July 11. 1781. 
 
 List of those whose estates were con- 
 fiscated by the Jacksonborough As- 
 sembly.— Ibid, March 20, 1782. 
 
 WIio I>i(l tlie FiKlitini; in tlie Revo- 
 lation, Ma.<4NaoliiiNett»i or Sotitli Car- 
 olina f 
 
 This question is apparently a very 
 old one. For two very vigorous letters 
 on the subject, proving what are now 
 well-established truths, see the Colum- 
 bian Herald, May 19 and 20, 1796. 
 
 The Je-n-s in the Revolntlon. 
 
 MR MILLER, 
 
 He who hates another man for not be- 
 ing a christian, is himself not a chris- 
 tian. — Christianity breathes love, peace, 
 and good-will to man. The Jews have 
 had a considerable share in our late 
 Revolution. They have behaved well 
 throughout. Let our government in- 
 vite the Jews to our State, and prom- 
 ise them a settlement in it. It will be a 
 wise and a politic stroke — and give a 
 place of rest at last to the tribe of 
 Israel. 
 
 A WELLWISHER TO THE STATE. 
 
 The above item is taken from the 
 South Carolina Gazette and General 
 Advertiser, August 30, 1783. 
 
 Ueprintetl from the Sunday News, March IT, I'.tOT.— No. C. 
 
Leaves from My 
 
 Historical Scrap Book. 
 
 By Dr Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL.D. 
 
 The Synag^ogrne of the Je^vs in Hasell 
 Street. 
 
 (From Shecut's Essays, 1819.) 
 
 This portion of citizens, associated 
 themselves as a religious society in 
 Charleston, sometime in the year 1750, 
 under the auspices of Mr Cohen. They 
 read their prayers in a house in Union 
 street, near Queen street, until the 
 year 1757, when they removed it, or 
 rather assembled for religious worship, 
 in the house, now No 318 King street, 
 then the property of Alexander Gillon, 
 Esq, and which then stood back in the 
 yard. It is the same house that is now 
 occupied by Mr Senet, as a Kahoo, or 
 Confectionary and ice cream house. 
 
 In 1764, they held their Synagogue at 
 a house in Beresford street, near King 
 street. In 1780, they assembled in Ha- 
 sell street, at the old Synagogue, late- 
 ly occupied by Mr Little, as a cotton 
 gin manufactory; and in the year 1795, 
 their pi-esent elegant Church was built 
 on the adjoining lot, which they pur- 
 chased for that purpose, from the heirs 
 of Nicholas Trott, former Chief Justice 
 of the Province. 
 
 There can be no argument that goes 
 more fully to illustrate the correct 
 principles of our government, than that 
 of a reference to the Jews who have 
 settled among us. All other classes of 
 citizens, however their peculiar tenets 
 might have differed; yet all professing 
 the Christian religion, were as one 
 family. Their interests, whether moral, 
 civil or religious, were one and the 
 same. The Jews were the only settlers, 
 among those of the inhabitants of the 
 old world, whose religious principles 
 
 differed from those of the inhabitants 
 of the new. 
 
 To show the salutary effects of tol- 
 erance in points of religious faith, I 
 will insert the following appropriate 
 observations, for which I am indebted 
 to a learned member of their Society: 
 
 "The Jews in this city, at the time of 
 the revolutionary war, were but few in 
 number. These had emigrated chiefly 
 from Germany and Great Britain. The 
 inviting temptation of an unrestricted 
 freedom of conscience, in concerns of 
 religion, which has attracted since that 
 event, a great many to our shores, had 
 not yet blessed this country. At the 
 earliest date of their settlement here, 
 however, as soon as ten men could as- 
 semble, (and which the Hebrew law re- 
 quires, for public worship,) they pro- 
 vided themselves with a place, as suit- 
 able as their then slender means could 
 command. A Vestry was afterwards 
 organized, and a Minister called from 
 Europe, to exercise the sacred func- 
 tions of his office. 
 
 "Such was the origin of the Hebrew 
 Congregation in Charleston, at present 
 the most numerous and flourishing of 
 any in the United States. According 
 to information derived from the best 
 authority, the number of Jews resident 
 in the City, is between 640 to 660. The 
 munificent spirit and pious zeal of some 
 of their members, whom unsparing 
 death hath removed to the silent tomb, 
 assisted by the donations of their sur- 
 vivors, have contributed to the erection 
 of that handsome and substantial 
 Temple, in which is worshipped the Al- 
 mighty Father of All. 
 
 "When the war of the revolution 
 commenced, all of this nation who were 
 ill South Carolina, able to bear arms, 
 zealously joined their country's mar- 
 tial ranks; for the great but dubious 
 contest. The prize to be acquired in 
 the event of a successful issue, religious 
 and political freedom. was great 
 enough to induce the free offering of 
 
ever>' patriotic exertion — and even of 
 fortune and life in the undertaking. 
 They, with the rest of their fellow- 
 citizens, shared in the privations and 
 hardships of war, also with them share 
 the rich blessings of peace and free- 
 dom, the reward of their former suffer- 
 ing«. 
 
 "Hence the grateful devotedness of 
 the Children of Israel, has obtained its 
 merited recompence. In this thrice fa- 
 vored land, they enjoy at last, in com- 
 mon with all men, that liberty of con- 
 sciem;e, without which, man is but a 
 privileged slave. 
 
 "With an elevation of mind in har- 
 mony with the dignity and sacred 
 ness of pure piety, the Jew adores the 
 Supreme Being, according to a foi m of 
 faith which his heart approves and 
 sanctions. It is his belief, it was that 
 of his progenitors for ages on ages 
 past. What are the consequences of 
 this freedom of worship? The peaceful 
 acquisition and dissemination of knowl- 
 edge, and the universal practice of 
 those social duties that render us es- 
 sentially useful to society, 
 
 "The benevolent offices of humanity, 
 Hot confined merely to this or that 
 sect, enlarging its theatre of action, be- 
 comes at once sufficiently capacious to 
 encompass the whole human race. As 
 respects the Jews in particular, the 
 verity of this axiom has been clearly ex- 
 empllfled. Their emancipation, with 
 every other sect, by the constitutional 
 charter, from religious thraldom imder 
 British rule in America, has been but 
 recently effected; and behold the re- 
 spectable footing on which this nation 
 stands; they have already taken their 
 stations, which they occupy with be- 
 coming dignity, as physicians, lawyers 
 and merchants. 
 
 "Our State Legislature has included 
 them among its members. We have 
 respectable specimens of their literary 
 talents; they serve well in the army 
 and navy, and what severer pledge can 
 government possess for the fidelity of 
 any portion of its citizens, than the 
 claim it has on their gratitude, for the 
 protection afforded to their dearest 
 lights and interests on earth? 
 
 "We are naturally prone to suspect 
 the attachment and sincerity of those 
 whose privileges we have retrenched — 
 whom the laws have in any manner 
 proscribed. The slave can never be 
 trusted with safety; but the free man. 
 free without restraint, in him may his 
 country confide in her heaviest calam- 
 ities. To sacrifice that country, would 
 be to forge those chains, which are to 
 t»ow him to the very earth." 
 
 The Torhay I'rinonerH In 17.S1. 
 
 The following most interesting list 
 of militia prisoners on board the Pris- 
 on Ship Torbay, is on file in Washing- 
 ton. It is a British list and is much 
 fuller than the list of these prisoners as 
 preserved in Garden, Ramsay, Drayton, 
 Gibbes. or McCrady — all of whom have 
 printed it. I have not seen the orig- 
 inal, but it is copied by Boogher in his 
 "Gleanings of Virginia History," pp 
 226-227 (Washington, D. C, 1903.) Sever- 
 al of the names are misspelled owing 
 to that author's unfamiliarity with our 
 local history. For a curious error in 
 connection with this list, see my "Jews 
 of South Carolina," pp 93-94. 
 
 TORBAY PRISON SHIP, CHARLES 
 TOWN HARBOUR, 
 
 18th May, 1781. 
 
 Roll of the Militia Prisoners on board 
 said ship: William Axon, Jr, Samuel 
 Ash, George Authur, John Anthony, 
 Ralph Atmore, Maj John Barnwell. 
 Maj John Baddely, Capt Edward Barn- 
 well, Capt Peter Bounetheau, Henry 
 Bembridge, Lieut John Black, William 
 Branford, Joseph Ball, Robert Bran- 
 well, Joseph Bee, Nath Blindell. James 
 Bricker. Francis Bailey, William Bas- 
 quin, Johnathan Clarke, Thos Cocke- 
 ran, Thos Cooke, John Calhoone (pro- 
 tection). Capt Jos Cray, Aug !•". '80, 
 Norwood Conyers, James Cox, Richard 
 Cummings, Jacob Cohen, Robert De- 
 war, Wm Dessausure. Joseph Dunlap. 
 Richard Edmonds, Thomas Eveleigh, 
 John Edwards, Jr, John Warren Ed- 
 wards, Thomas Elliott, Sr, Joseph El- 
 liott, Jr, John Evans. John Eberly, 
 John Egan (protection), Wm Elliott. 
 Benjamin Guerard, John Gibbons. Thos 
 Grayson. Peter Guerard. Willinm 
 Graves. Christian Geir, Philip Gads- 
 den. John Graves, Joseph Glover. Fran- 
 cis Geott, Mitchell George. Lieut Wm 
 Harvey, Jacob Henry. David Hamil- 
 ton, John B. Holmes, Wm Holmes. Thos 
 Hughes, James Heward, Thos Harris, 
 Wm Hornby, George Jones. Daniel 
 Jacobs. Charles Kent, Henry Keunon, 
 John Kain. Capt Sam Lockhart (Aug 
 16, '80). Nathaniel Libby, Thos Listen. 
 Lieut Stephens Lee, Thos Legare. John 
 Leperne. Henry Leybert. Philip Meyers. 
 John Michael, John Minott. Sr. John 
 Moncrief, Ch'is Magdalen. John Miiiott. 
 Jr, Samuel Miller, Col Stephen Moore 
 (Aug IG. 'SO), William Murphy. George 
 Alonks. John Morgan, Dr George Moss. 
 Alfred Merriett, Lieut Samuel Miller, 
 John Neville, Jr, Wm Neville. John 
 Owen, Samuel Prioleau, Sr, Philip Prio- 
 leau. Chas Pinckney, Jr, James Poya.'?. 
 Job Palmer. Jos Robinson. Thos Revin. 
 
Daniel Rhodes, Joseph Righton, Jon 
 Scott, Sr, Wm Snelling, John Stephen- 
 son, Jr, Daniel Stephenson, Paul Sny- 
 der, Samuel Smith, Abraham Seavers, 
 Rippely Singleton, Samuel Scotton, 
 William Sayle (protection, 61 yrs of age, 
 does not want to be exchanged), Ste- 
 phen Shrewsbury, James Sonsiger, John 
 Tandus, Paul Tayloe, Lieut Sim White, 
 William W^igg, Jas Williams, Chas 
 Warham (ct dst), Thos Waring, Sr. 
 Richard Waring, Isaac White, George 
 Welch. Benj Wheeler. John Waters. Jr. 
 Wm Wilcocks. David Warham, Wm 
 Wilkie, Thos You, Richard Teadon. 
 
 Charleston In 1774. 
 
 A traveller's impressions are not al- 
 ways to be relied on. The following 
 illustration of this truth occurs in a 
 letter written home to England by a 
 visitor to Charleston in 1774. and is 
 taken from the Historical Magazine, 
 vol 9, p 341. Referring to the very 
 strong signs of firmness and unanim- 
 ity among the Americans to defend 
 what they think their rights and lib- 
 erties as long as they can. he writes: 
 
 "All these appearances of zeal for 
 Liberty, most People that are born in 
 Carolina can't help discovering in com- 
 mon conversation a great Partiality 
 towards England, calling it their home 
 though they had never been there and 
 seem to wish much to have it in their 
 Power to be able to go and live com- 
 fortably in it: which to me appears ;)1- 
 together irreconcilable with their Pro- 
 fessions of determining to defend what 
 they call the Rights and Liberties of 
 America to the last Extremity against 
 old England, for I think People in gen- 
 eral can't easily prevail upon them- 
 selves to injure or fight against what 
 they really have a regard for." 
 
 iMiiao Hayne. 
 
 The following item concerning Isaac 
 Hayne. is to be found in The Royal 
 Gazette. August 8, 1781: 
 
 Charlestown. August S. 
 
 Mr Isaac Hayne, who since the capit- 
 ulation of Charlestown. had taken pro- 
 tection, and acknowledged himself a 
 subject of his Majesty's Government, 
 having notwithstanding been taken in 
 arms, and at the head of a Reb<^l Regi- 
 ment of Militia, was therefore, on .Sat- 
 urday morning last, executed a.<» a 
 Traitor. 
 
 For further references, see ibid, April 
 10 and 17. 1782. 
 
 The Repentant Sinner. 
 
 Jews have an innate aversion — and 
 quite natural it Is, — to those who, hav- 
 ftig been born within the pale of their 
 faith, have sold their birthright for a 
 mess of social pottage. That there 
 have been many defections from Juda- 
 ism in South Carolina in the course of 
 the last two centuries is not surprising. 
 What would be surprising, 'ndeed, 
 would be a detailed showing of the 
 enormous strain of Jewish blood that 
 permeates the people of this State. I 
 leave out of account the old-time wit- 
 ticism of the spelling "Jew-genot" 
 which reveals probably more than a 
 grain of truth. But this is not my pur- 
 pose to-day. I want to tell a little 
 story from my recently recovered re- 
 cords, that I shall call "The Repentant 
 Sinner." 
 
 Some ten years ago, there was still 
 liring in Charleston an old lady, over 
 ninety years of age, whose latter years 
 were clouded with much physical suf- 
 fering. Many was the time when she 
 would declare to her visitors that she 
 was only suffering punishment for a 
 grave sin which she had committed in 
 her youth. What that grave sin was, 
 I could never find out until I made 
 a detailed study of my records. The 
 story is quite romantic. Without em- 
 bellishment it runs as follows: 
 
 When a young woman, she had fal- 
 len in love with a young man not of her 
 own faith. That matters might run 
 smoothly, she had embraced his faith; 
 but in spite of this fact, the course of 
 true love did not run smoothly any- 
 how. The young man "went back o.n 
 her." Then it was that she awoke to 
 her folly and determined to return to 
 the faith of her fathers. Here. then, is 
 her letter to the Elders of the Syna- 
 gogue: 
 
 To The Board of Trustees of K. K. 
 
 B. E. 
 Gentlemen: — 
 
 Relying on your generous sympathy 
 with one, who though she committed 
 a great error, appears now before you 
 a penitent, I take the liberty to re- 
 quest your aid in reinstating me in the 
 religion of my forefathers. You are 
 aware. Gentlemen, that some twelve 
 
years ago, I abandoned the religion of 
 my forefathers and became a Christian. 
 I was then young and inexperienced, 
 living entirely among a Christian Com- 
 munity, all of which overcame my un- 
 derstanding and I took the step, of 
 which I have for the last six years 
 deeply repented. I am convinced of the 
 truth of our holy religion, and It is my 
 utmost desire again to worship v>ilh 
 you at the same altar, at which your 
 and my ancestors worshipped, and am 
 willing to undergo any penalty you 
 may feel inclined to inflict. As the rep- 
 resentatives of a Congregation who are 
 Israelites, and who believe in that 
 sacred Law of Moses, which commands 
 kindness and charity to all mankind, — 
 in the name of that God who revealed 
 himself to his chosen people, I conjure 
 you not dismiss a penitent, but to re- 
 ceive her as one who went astray and 
 is jinxious to return to her flock. 
 
 With my best reliance on your gen- 
 erous sympathy, 
 
 I remain, yours, 
 
 (Signed) . 
 
 The rest of the story is soon told. 
 She was ordered to apear before the 
 Board of Trustees, when she again sol- 
 emnly declared her firm determmation 
 to return to her faith, adding that "she 
 felt perfectly satisfied that no person 
 born in the Jewish faith can reconene 
 himself to any other." On the follow- 
 ing Sabbath she appeared in the Syna- 
 gogue, when the proceedings that had 
 transpired were publicly proclaimed by 
 the Secretary; and having again de- 
 clared her penitence, she was restored 
 to her former rights and privileges. 
 
 Tlie little story here told is not with- 
 out parallel, though such returns to 
 the fold are for obvious reasons not 
 very frequent. The picture, liowever, 
 is a significant one of the days when 
 Religion meant much moi'e than it alas 
 does to-day, to so many of its nominal 
 adherents. 
 
 Oltituary KoticPH of Revolntioiiary 
 Soldiers. 
 
 (F^'om the Courier.) 
 
 John Barwin, sen, Aug 17, 1837. 
 Richard Britt, Mar 30, 1831. 
 Richard Dawson, sen, Aug 27, 1S3G. 
 Matthew Dixon, sen, July 30, 1830. 
 Henry Ederington, sen, Nov 2, 1>>36. 
 Daniel Ford, May 12, 1837. 
 Timothy Ford, Dec 20, 1830. 
 Pressly Gardner, Aug 16, 1837. 
 Wm Goodlett, sen, July 1, 1836. 
 Maj James Hamilton. Nov 9, 1831. 
 John Harth, April 25, 1836. 
 John Howard, Mar 2, 1831. 
 Horatio Jones. Sept 9, 1836. 
 James Lett, Dec 13, 1838. 
 Capt Hugh Milling, July 8, 1837. 
 Isham Milton, April 19. 1831. 
 Thomas M'Cance, April 21, 1830. 
 Capt John M'Connell, Nov 15, 1830. 
 Hugh M'Manus, June 20, 1831. 
 Thomas Ponder, Mar 30, 1837. 
 Richard Smallwood, May 24, 1830. 
 Capt Reuben Starke, June 16, 1837. 
 Edward Vandiver, sen, Aug 10, 1837. 
 Capt James Wallace, Nov 22, 1838. 
 John Wilfong, sen, July 3, 1838. 
 Asa Wright, Oct 22, 1836. 
 
 WedgiToed China. 
 
 It Is not generally known that the 
 much sought and highly-prized Wedg- 
 wood china, was made from kaolin 
 clay exported to England from South 
 Carolina. Prof Yates Snowden, of the 
 University of South Carolina, ha:3 re- 
 cently been making investigations into 
 the subject. In the Raleigh Register 
 and North-Carolina State Gazette for 
 October 22, 1807, Mr Wedgwot)d an- 
 nounces that he intends to establish a 
 factory in the United States, and ashs 
 for information about clays, etc. 
 
 Ileprinted from the Sunday News, March 24, 1907.— No. 
 
Leaves from My 
 
 Historical Scrap Book. 
 
 By Dr Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL.D. 
 
 Patriotic Societies Once More. 
 
 In my "Scrap Book" of March 17, 
 1907, I devoted a considerable portion 
 of my space to a consideration of tiie 
 subject of "Patriotic" Societies. In 
 that portion of my article I stated that 
 I wanted to give my readers something 
 to thinlc about. What I there said, 
 had been the object of my own consid- 
 eration for several years; and I had 
 hoped that with my own reputation to 
 vouch, at least, for the sincerity of 
 my purpose, that v/hat I said would 
 have been carefully considered. My 
 article was not intended either to Irri- 
 tate or to bring into the field some 
 doughty champion for the purpose of 
 controversy. But it seems that one 
 can never tell. 
 
 Major Wilson G. Harvey has risen to 
 make a few remarks. Where exactly 
 to place Major Wilson G. Harvey in 
 matters of purely historical interest, I 
 hardly know; nor do I feel called upon 
 to decide; and why Mr Harvey who 
 "has no time for newspaper discus- 
 sion," should rush into print and tell 
 all that he knows, or thinks he knows, 
 or doesn't know, I cannot comprehend. 
 There is no telling why some people 
 rush into print and into places where 
 angels who are wise have a prudent 
 fear to tread. Perhaps, however, a lit- 
 tle incident that came accidentally to 
 my attention during the past week, 
 may throw some light upon his atti- 
 tude. 
 
 Coming down to breakfast, namely, 
 one morning this week, my attention 
 was attracted by a little, lisping, goid- 
 
 en-haired chap who was rushing fran- 
 tically across the lobby of the hotel. 
 In his hand was a razzle-dazzle that 
 made an ear-splitting noise; and as he 
 rushed across the floor, he shouted 
 "Thee me! Thee me!" Mr Harvey, too, 
 seems to have a razzle-dazzle, and 
 wants tO' be seen and heard. Well, he 
 has been seen and he has been heard. 
 
 Now, dear Reader, but for one rash 
 remark in Mr Harvey's article, in 
 which he undertakes to express himself 
 concerning the accuracy of my re- 
 searches into the past, I would have let 
 him have the field to himself, and left 
 him under the sweet impression that he 
 had made a "ten strike;" instead of 
 showing, as I shall do now, that he has 
 only succeeded in "fanning the zephyr" 
 — for I have a most positive aversion 
 to argument with opponents who think 
 that they can, in ten minutes, with a 
 simple wave of their authoritative 
 hands, dispose of matters that have 
 taken me months of patient work to 
 think out and to put into shape. As, 
 however, my declared intention is to 
 provoke thought and thus to instruct, 
 I will, for the benefit of my readei-s in 
 general and for Mr Harvey in particu- 
 lar, take some little pains to show Mr 
 Harvey that my carefully-prepared 
 work is neither "misleading," nor 
 "faulty," nor full of "horrible inac- 
 curacy;" and that when "the delver 
 into History in 1960, or maybe in the 
 year 2000" shall hunt up the files of 
 The Sunday News, he will not carry 
 away from my faulty article the grie- 
 vously erroneous impression that Mr 
 Harvey pictures. 
 
 Now before proceeding with my task, 
 I will again premise that teachers of 
 experience do not simply fill their pu- 
 pils with pre-digcsted food. This is 
 good enough for babies and for the sick 
 who have weak stomachs. The good 
 teacher— the teacher who really edu- 
 cates—that is to say, brings out what 
 I is in his pupils— teaches rather by sug- 
 
gestion; else the best education would 
 be merely synonymous with the incor- 
 poration into the unfortunate student 
 of the largest number of prepared 
 facts. There would be no scope for in- 
 dividualism and all scholars would be 
 forced into the same mould. I have 
 tried to follow the example of experi- 
 enced teachers. In giving my lesson, I 
 aimed rather at being suggestive than 
 exhaustive; for the space at my dis- 
 posal (while The Sunday News is very 
 tolerant) is limited, and I was not 
 writing a treatise. I see, however, that 
 some of my pupils are not far enough 
 advanced for my method. I shall to- 
 day, therefore, be more explicit. If I 
 should happen to draw a word-picture 
 of a house, I will write underneath 
 "This Is A House" — lest mayhap it be 
 mistaken for a camel or an elephant; 
 and if I should happen to make a point, 
 I will likewise add: "This Is A Point." 
 Let us, then, back to the record, to 
 which I shall strictly adhere. To bring 
 my statements into better relief. I shall 
 put them into a series of clear-cut 
 propositions. 
 
 "The influence of patriotic Societies, 
 so-called, has been anything but bene- 
 ficial to the accurate study of history. 
 . . . The Constitutions of these So- 
 cieties make it clear that they are 
 based upon the most unintelligent in- 
 terpretation of the simplest historical 
 facts." 
 
 I reiterate the statement— "the head 
 and front of my offending," that seems 
 to have irritated Mr Harvey's patriot- 
 ic soul,— for it impelled him forthwith 
 to spring his razzle-dazzle, and with 
 the calm declaration that there is not 
 a line in my article to substantiate my 
 statements, he proceeds to annihilate 
 me by submitting for my information 
 the Constitutions, etc, of the Sons and 
 Daughters, both of which, by the way, 
 have been lying on my table for several 
 years. 
 
 That one who by reason of his ex- 
 alted position in the ranks of patriot- 
 ic Societies and who might at least be 
 supposed to possess an elementary 
 knowledge of the history of the Revo- 
 lution, should be unable to see the 
 bearing of the clear-cut facts that I 
 have presented, is unfortunate. I would 
 like to be able to furnish my critic 
 with the comprehensio)! lequisite for 
 the grasping of my ideas, but, alas, 
 this power has not been given to me. 
 Twenty-five years of incessant teach- 
 ing, however, have endowed me with 
 the gift of patience even with the dull- 
 est pupils; and so, having failed the 
 first time. T will now try again. Per- 
 haps T shall be more successful this 
 
 time. Let us, therefore, now back to 
 the Constitution. 
 
 "Any male person above the age of 
 twenty-one years . . . descendant of 
 one who ... as a soldier . . . under 
 the authority of any of the Thirteen 
 Colonies or States . . . and remaining 
 always loyal to such authority . . . 
 shall be eligible to membership in the 
 Society." 
 
 My objections to this "Fundamental 
 Constitution," are both general and 
 special. 
 
 The Society is instituted "to perpet- 
 uate the memory of the men who 
 achieved the independence of this coun- 
 try." Good enough. There are a lim- 
 ited few who can point to certain stan- 
 dard works and to documents of mis- 
 cellaneous character that have come 
 down to us, which prove the sentiments 
 of the aforesaid individuals. For the 
 rank and file of possible applicants for 
 the privileges of the Society, and these 
 must number millions, "the men who 
 achieved the independence of this coun- 
 try," is interpreted as meaning simply 
 "soldiers who saw service in the Rev- 
 olution." These are dubbed "patriots." 
 But there is the reservation made — 
 "and remaining always loyal." Those 
 who did not remain always loyal, are 
 thus branded as not "patriots." I sub- 
 mit that this Is a most unintelligent 
 interpretation of history, a miserably 
 narrow interpretation of "patriotism." 
 and is deserving of most vigorous pro- 
 test. 
 
 Let me call attention to a few per- 
 tinent facts. 
 
 (a) MILITIA SERVICE. This is 
 proven either by a muster-roll or an 
 indent, or a pension paper, or an obit- 
 uary notice. Of themselves, what do 
 these things prove? Absolutely noth- 
 ing. For the benefit of my readers I 
 took all the trouble to print the mili- 
 tia regulations of Revolutionary days. 
 I have never been able to understand 
 why people should congratulate them- 
 selves because they had an ancestor 
 who saw service in the militia. At a 
 time when every man had either to 
 enroll, or to be severely punished, or 
 to get out, what special virtue was 
 there in the act. that entitles them to 
 more consideration than the rrum who 
 pays his poll-tax to-day? Many of 
 these militia men, wo can be reasona- 
 bly certain from what we know of the 
 history, may have been thoroue^hly loy- 
 al in sentiment to the Mother Country, 
 yet had to do militia duty and fight. 
 These nion had indents issued to them 
 in due course, which papers afe now 
 in these days of patriotic Societies pro- 
 duced as evidence of feelings which at 
 
the time they would have strenuous- 
 ly repudiated. Such acceptance of an 
 indent by these patriotic Societies, 
 does not show an intelligent under- 
 standing of History. (This is a point.) 
 
 (b) PROTECTION. History informs 
 us, that for various reasons, some of 
 which I gave in my former article, 
 many hundreds of men — some of them 
 patriots to the core, swore allegiance 
 or as we call it, "took protection." 
 These men are stigmatised and their 
 descendants are stigmatised by these 
 patriotic Societies so-called, through 
 their unintelligent interpretation of 
 History. Whither their stupidity leads, 
 I shall soon show. 
 
 (c) MERCENARIES. I will use this 
 word, for it is a good one. There were 
 thousands of what are to-day glori^ed 
 into "patriots," who enlisted as a fine 
 stroke of business. The less we say 
 about them the better. Let the student 
 read Simms's magnificent article 
 "South Carolina in the Revolution," in 
 The Southern Quarterly Review for 
 July, 1848, and if I mistake not, his 
 enthusiasm will receive a decided 
 chill. 
 
 (d) CONTINENTAL. SERVICE. In 
 the Continental army there were many 
 patriots brave and true. But there 
 were other "patriots" of whom History 
 tells. We are informed, for example, 
 that when the big inducements offered 
 did not fill the Continental Regiments, 
 "the State recruited her battalions by 
 forcing into their ranks, by way of pun- 
 ishment, all men convicted of being 
 idle, lewd and disorderly, or sturdy- 
 beggars." (See Statutes of South Car- 
 olina, vol 4. p?.s-e 410. See also Mc- 
 Crady, vol 1775-1.780. page 300.) Thus, 
 too, we find Gen Greene bitterly de- 
 claring "that he fought Lord Rawdon 
 with his deserters, while Rawdon 
 fought him with his own." "Ranks 
 which were filled with sturdy beggars, 
 lewd, idle, and disorderly men, and de- 
 serters were not the place for patriots 
 and decent citizens." (See McCrady 
 Ibid, page 302.) This "patriotism," me- 
 thinks, may reasonably be taken at a 
 discount. Now for the point. I shall 
 only use two illustrations. They will 
 illustrate my general position: 
 
 Wade Hampton took Protection in 
 1780. He afterwards played a very 
 distinguished part in tlie struggle for 
 Independence. By the Constitution of 
 these patriotic Societies, his descend- 
 ants are barred — his patriotism is 
 tainted. 
 
 Isaac Hayne took Protection. His 
 tragic story is familiar, I trust, to 
 everyone. This whole-souled patriot, 
 who paid the penalty of his devotion 
 
 to the Cause by an ignominious death — 
 this man's descendants, according to 
 the Constitution of these patriotic So- 
 cieties, must be barred from thedr priv- 
 ileged precincts. His patriotism is 
 tainted. 
 
 So that a descendant of a militia- 
 man who saw service because he had 
 to, perhaps of some loyalist who did 
 not have money enough to get away, 
 a descendant of a maji who went into 
 the war as a matter of business, by 
 reason of good pay and prospective 
 bounty, a descendant of some ungaoled 
 gaol-bird "convicted of being idle, 
 lewd, and disorderly, or a sturdy beg- 
 gar," whose name happens to be 
 found on some Continental muster- 
 roll or pay-roll, is surrounded by these 
 patriotic Societies with a halo of tin- 
 sel glory and invited to "join," while 
 the descendants of a Wad^i Hampton 
 or of an Isaac Hayne are deemed un- 
 worthy. Yet strange to say, the Sons 
 of the Revolution of South Carolina, 
 who according to their Constitution 
 must exclude the descendants of these, 
 have perpetuated the memory of Isaac 
 Hayne on a bronze tablet. How in- 
 consistent! 
 
 I submit again, therefore, that "the 
 influence of patriotic Societies, so- 
 called, has been anything but bene- 
 ficial to the accurate study of history; 
 and that the Constitutions of these So- 
 cieties make it clear that they are 
 based upon the most unintelligent in- 
 terpretation of the simplest historical 
 facts." (This is a point.) 
 
 I have taken up so much space with 
 what is of real historical import, that 
 I shall be very brief on the other fea- 
 ture of these Societies, which Mr Har- 
 vey states "have subordinated all so- 
 cial lines to the furtherance of patriot- 
 ic effort." He ought certainly to know 
 It is indeed most gratifying to learn 
 from such an authoritative source, that 
 all the historical workers throughout 
 the country have been laboring all 
 along under a grievous misapprehen- 
 sion. It is really a pity that we have 
 not more evidence of it. I confess that 
 I have been cruelly deluded. I have re- 
 ceived hundreds of lettei-s, with a re- 
 quest to hunt for Revolutionary ances- 
 tors (I have nothing else to do,) and 
 have often learned that the "D. A. R. 
 gives such lovely affairs." but in all 
 my experience I have never seen iuiy 
 reference in these letters to patriotic 
 efforts; all of which goes to show how 
 mistaken we can all of us sometimes 
 be. It would be interesting to learn 
 what our societies in Charleston have 
 done "to collect and secure for preser- 
 vation the rolls, records and other doc- 
 
4 
 
 uments of that period." I recently- 
 found quite a little Revolutionary ma- 
 terial myself here, and it would be 
 quite gratifying to me if I could get 
 access to more of it; but if any such 
 material has been gathered, the col- 
 lectors have been very . reticent about 
 it. The South Carolina Historical So- 
 ciety is doing good work by publishing 
 our historical material, and could do 
 much more if it had a better member- 
 ship. How many of the Sons and 
 Daughters belong, and thus manifest 
 their interest in the only way that is 
 of any account? Or is $3 a year an 
 excessive price to pay for patriotism? 
 Mr Harvey feels assured that my 
 "great work," is receiving no more un- 
 stinted appreciation than from the 
 members of patriotic Societies. Alas, 
 his feeling of assurance is not well 
 founded. I have worked hard for ten 
 years. I have collected some quarter 
 of a million historical references. I 
 have published quite extensively for my 
 opportunities, and the net result of my 
 work would not pay for the price of a 
 dinner. Talk is cheap. Sincere appre- 
 ciation of an author's work is best 
 shown by his subscription list, but 
 mine shows no members of patriotic 
 societies; and others will tell the same 
 tale. 
 
 But let me say again what I said in 
 my former article: "I have nothing to 
 say against the existence of societies 
 whose purpose is to foster the spirit of 
 patriotism, than which there is nothing 
 nobler." But the workers all over the 
 country seem to think that these soci- 
 eties are wandering far afield from the 
 purpose for which they were instituted. 
 It is simply appalling to think of the 
 number of good, bad and indifferent 
 genealogists who are making a hand- 
 some living, practically doing nothing 
 else than trace Revolutionary ances- 
 tors. From samples of their work that 
 I have seen you can get anything you 
 want by paying for it. I have a vivid 
 recollection of last Summer's visit to 
 the Lenox Library, when I could not 
 
 get a seat — every seat being occupied 
 by these ancestor hunters. Other work- 
 ers make the same complaint. And our 
 own Mr Salley joins in the chorus. 
 
 And now in conclusion, I would like 
 to say a word to our patriotic Daugh- 
 ters whose souls I may have perturbed 
 by my former article. I am not writ- 
 ing for fun. "When I razzle-dazzle, I 
 usually razzle-dazzle for a purpose. I 
 am aiming to get justice for those who 
 took protection. Personally, of course, 
 I have not the slightest interest in the 
 matter, but I have several friends who 
 for reasons of their own want to join 
 the Societies, and whom I have advised 
 that under the present Constitution, 
 they are not eligible — though their an- 
 cestors received pensions for their ser- 
 vices to the Cause. There is no use to 
 run away from an issue. It should be 
 faced and if necessary, forced. This is 
 exactly what I am doing, If our 
 Daughters will have a little patience 
 they will doubtless hear more about it 
 later on. Some may doubt the wisdom 
 of calling attention to the names of 
 those who took protection. McCrady 
 does this in part. It is better that 
 people know how they stand than that 
 innocent people should be subjected to 
 mortification later on. 
 
 And now lastly, too, a word to my 
 friend Major Harvey, than whom I 
 hold none in higher esteem. I am sorry 
 that he got into a controversial mood. 
 He is not a controversialist, and does 
 not belong in controversy. It is always 
 dangerous to swim in unknown waters. 
 If I have been rather severe on him, I 
 hope he will forgive me and not mis- 
 interpret my vigorous style for offence. 
 We have both of us only been razzle- 
 dazzling. If the result of our razzle- 
 dazzling is to stimulate our patriotic 
 societies to those effoits for which they 
 v.ere instituted — while I shall still be- 
 lieve that they are founded on an un- 
 intelligent interpretation of History — 
 they will at any rate have justified 
 their existence, and our razzle-dazzling 
 will not have been in vain. 
 
 I Iti'iirinted from the Sundvv News. Marc;i ^l. 1!K)7.— No. 8.1 
 
Leaves from My 
 
 Historical Scrap Bool<:. 
 
 By Dr Barnett A. £lzas, M. D., LL.D. 
 
 Jadah P. Benjamin. 
 
 I herewith present the student with 
 practically complete materials for a 
 biography of Judah P. Benjamin. No 
 accurate biography has hitherto ap- 
 I>eared, the early story of this distin- 
 guished lawyer and statesman being 
 involved in much obscurity. One must 
 beware of newspaper clippings as au- 
 thentic sources of information. If we 
 do not heed this caution, we shall be 
 bound to get into trouble. I speak with 
 confidence on this matter, having at 
 my command at a few minutes notice 
 some 125,000 historical references still 
 unused. It is only when one is able 
 to take a complete survey of such ma- 
 terial that one's opinion is worth any- 
 thing at all. Then it is, that one sees 
 clearly to what confusion tradition 
 leads the would-be historian. 
 
 I would here add that much of the 
 traditional gossip that has gone the 
 rounds of the press in various forms, 
 originated with the late Nathaniel Le- 
 vin, whose memory went back over 
 half a century, and whose fame as a 
 raconteur lent a fictitious weight to 
 his reminiscences. Another man, in 
 recent years, who has done his little 
 share in perpetuating traditionl mis- 
 takes, is Mr Henry D. Capers, of Mo- 
 bile, Ala, who has given us the old 
 stories of Judah P. Benjamin's early 
 career in slightly different version. The 
 present time is the day of scientific 
 history. We accept nothing without 
 reasonable evidence. It may seem a 
 pity to some to spoil old wives' tales; 
 
 but, properly presented, truth is not 
 less pleasing than fiction. It is often 
 really more remarkable than fiction. 
 But were it even otherwise, our duty 
 to truth were still paramount. There 
 is no use and no justification for the 
 perpetuation of error and falsehood. 
 
 Judah P. Benjamin, a pen picture of, 
 April 22, 1864. 
 
 Judah P. Benjamin, a letter from, 
 January 21, 1882. 
 
 In reference to supposed vast sums 
 deposited in the Bank of England and 
 elsewhere in Europe. "I do not believe 
 that one penny is to be found anywhere 
 in Europe, of the assets of the defunct 
 Confederacy." 
 
 Judah P. Benjamin in London, July 
 13, 1882. 
 
 A most interesting sketch. 
 
 Judah P. Benjamin, February 25, 1883. 
 
 A magnificent tribute from the Lon- 
 don Telegraph. "The greatest advo- 
 cate known to the English Bar since 
 Scarlett." Inaacurate as to the details 
 of his early life. 
 
 Judah P. Benjamin, May 20, 188,3. 
 
 Reminiscences of his legal career, and 
 an account of the coming banquet up- 
 on his retirement from the Bar. Ab- 
 surdly inaccurate though romantic, in 
 the details of his early life. 
 
 Judah P. Benjamin, obituary notice 
 of. May 8. 1884. 
 
 Interesting but inaccurate. 
 
 Judah P. Benjamin, May 11, 1884. 
 
 Some interesting reminiscences by 
 an "Octogenarian." The only reference 
 to certain Benjamin family matters In 
 the literature. Not entirely accurate. 
 
 Judah P. Benjamin, December 26, 
 1897. 
 
 An inaccurate sketch of his life cop- 
 \e<\ from an article in The Jewish 
 South. 
 
 Judah P. Benjamin, January 14, 1808. 
 
The Benjamin family In Beaufort. 
 Judah never lived here — only his moth- 
 er, brother and sister. He himself at 
 the time was already in New Orleans. 
 
 Judah P. Benjamin, January 6. 189S. 
 
 This paper contains several most in- 
 teresting items. First, an editorial on 
 Judah P. Benjamin. Next, a letter 
 from Nathaniel Lrevin to H. H. DeL.eon, 
 contaiiiing supposed data about his 
 early life. They are only the reminis- 
 cences of a raconteur. Mr Levin tells 
 us, for example, that "Judah P. Ben- 
 jamin was a student of Columbia Col- 
 lege, then under the presidency of the 
 scholarly Cooper." This is not so. He 
 states further: "If Mr Benjamin went 
 to Yale I am ignorant of the fact; and 
 while it may be correct, I doubt its 
 authenticity!" Mr "Levin concludes: 
 "A half century has transpired and my 
 recollections as to dates cannot be re- 
 called." In this same issue, a Mr B. 
 C. Hard gives some interesting per- 
 sonal recollections: "Recollections of 
 School-fellow." 
 
 Judah P. Benjamin, January 27. 189S 
 
 A letter from Hon James Sprunt, of 
 Wilmington, telling of his career in 
 Fayetteville, N. C. 
 
 Judnh P. Benjamin's School Days. 
 July 29, 1903. 
 
 A long communication from Mr J. S. 
 Leary, containing interesting data 
 about Mr Benjamin at school at Fay- 
 etteville. 
 
 The above ref«rences. together with 
 the datn given in my volume on The 
 Jews of South Carolina, pn lSn-lR7. will 
 furnish a mole material for an accu- 
 rate biography of the man des'^ribed 
 by one as "the brains of the Confed- 
 eracy," and by another as "the Me- 
 phistopheles of the Rebellion, the bril- 
 liant, learned, sinister Secretary of 
 State." 
 
 Battle FlaKS. 
 
 Storv of a Battle Flag, (2Gth S. C. 
 V./> January 1. 1SS4. 
 
 The Palmetto Flag, Januarv 1. 1RS4. 
 
 Confederate Battle Flags, June 16. 17. 
 1S87. 
 
 First Regiment Flag. November 15. 
 1R93. 
 
 Tb"^ First Confederate Flag. February 
 17. 189r>. 
 
 .Toliti ('. Cnlliosin. 
 
 —Three col editorial on, June 10. 1S82. 
 —The State's Tribute to, Anril 1, 1887. 
 — Rditorial on. April 26, 1887. 
 — Unveiling of monument, orations, 
 etc, April 27, 1887. 
 
 — Eulogy on, by Col Thomas, August 
 16, 1897. 
 
 — Prize oration on, August 22, 1897. 
 
 — And Hugh Wilson, editorial and ar- 
 ticle, October 27, 1897. 
 
 — "A Stainless Statesman," February 
 6, 1898. 
 
 The Bnrnlii;? of Columbia. 
 
 The Burning of Columbia, May ,3, 
 
 18S4, November 3, 1S85. July 27, 29, 
 August 10, 1886. January l.j, 21. Feb- 
 ruary 5, 10, 1888. February 18, 1891. Feb- 
 ruary 24, 190L 
 
 Hngrueuotti. 
 
 Huguenot Memories, June 20, 1883. 
 
 The Charleston Huguenots, June 12, 
 1885. 
 
 Origin of the name, September 28, 
 1885. 
 
 The Huguenot celebration, October 22, 
 1885. 
 
 The Carolina Huguenots, November 
 18, 1894. 
 
 Some Abbeville Huguenots, December 
 5, 1897. 
 
 Tlif ^lecUIeiibiii'jf "necluration.*' 
 
 The Mecklenburg Declaration, July 
 12, 1882. 
 
 The case argued on both sides. 
 
 —Editorial on. May 28. 1890. 
 
 "Liberty cradled in a hornet's nest." 
 Contains interesting material not 
 usually quoted in discussions of the 
 question. 
 
 —Editorial on, October 18, 1894. 
 
 Tlie Je^TH' l/ands in Abbeville. 
 
 There is a charm in historical re- 
 search. This is largely due to the con- 
 stant surprises that it offers to the in- 
 vestigator. One never knows where 
 new light is coming from, but some- 
 how it is coming all the time. Such an 
 agreeable surprise came to me mosi 
 unexpectedly last Summer. 
 
 1 had conducted what I conside)'ed a 
 most thorough investigation into the 
 history of Joseph Salvador, the Eng- 
 lish merchant prince and philanthro- 
 pist, who came to South Carolina when 
 the failure of the Dutch East India 
 Company and the earthquake at Lis- 
 bon had brought him to the brink of 
 ruin, to seek the wre<'kage of his for- 
 nier fnttime. 
 
Joseph Salvador was in his day one 
 of the greatest landowners in this coun- 
 try, owning- 100,000 acres of land, in 
 what afterwards became Ninety-Six 
 District. I thought that I had account- 
 ed for every acre of his vast estate 
 from the records in Charleston. But 
 one must never be too sure in histori- 
 cal matters. A most interesting doc- 
 ument that came into my hands last 
 Summer throws more light upon the 
 subject and shows that there may be 
 soniething underlying the story told 
 by the English historian Picciotto, 
 which I have reproduced in my book, 
 and which did not seem plausible in the 
 light of our records. 
 
 I was in Washington, namely, for the 
 purpose of study; as was also my 
 friend, Mr J. L. Conger, of the Uni- 
 \'ersity of "V\''isconsin. We had spent 
 considerable time together in Charles- 
 ton, and he had taken note of some 
 things in which I was particularly in- 
 terested. The co-operative method is 
 altogether admirable in historical 
 work. I am constantly turning over 
 material to others, ^\ ho in turn, are on 
 the lookout for things I need. Mr 
 Conger made a real "find" for me. It 
 ^vas, namely, an original re-survey of 
 the Salvador lands, drawn in color, 
 showing all the tracts that had been 
 disposed of, those on which squatters 
 had settled, and the tracts that were 
 still for sale. This re-survey was made 
 in 1791, after the death of Salvador, 
 and sets forth that "the residue of these 
 lands was taken in E.xecution and sold 
 by Samuel Saxon, Esq, Sheriff of said 
 District, on the 6th Day of June, 1791." 
 
 Att.ached to the plat is the following 
 advei-tiseroent, which \\ould do credit 
 to the best real estate agent of to- 
 day : 
 
 LANDS FOR SALE. 
 
 In a well settled Country, SIXTY- 
 FIVE THOUSAND THREE HUN- 
 DRED AND SEVENTY FOUR ACRES 
 OP LAND; in one body, in the most 
 populous part of the State of South- 
 Carolina, in the dirtrict of Ninety-Six. 
 ... It is situated in a fine healthy cli- 
 mate, free from fever & ague, about 
 sixty miles from Columbia, the seat 
 of government. The land is contigu- 
 ous to the town of Cambridge, where 
 are a seminary for the instruction of 
 youth, and a superior law court. It is 
 at present within about thirty-five 
 miles of good navigation, with a prob- 
 ability of having the river, called the 
 Great Saluda, that flovs alomg ono 
 side of the land, made navigable. The 
 land is beautifully divcsifiel into 
 swells and vales, and is perfectly well 
 • ■alculated for the culture of tobacco. 
 
 cotton, Indian com, and small grain; a 
 great proportion of it may be made 
 meadow ground. There is not, perhaps, 
 such a body of land, so circumstanced 
 for sale in any other of the U: States. 
 
 Accompanying the plat, is a certifi- 
 cate of 63 Conveyances recorded in 
 Abbeville County— 19,559 1-2 acres. 
 
 Abbeville County, 
 State of South Carolina. 
 I do hereby certify that the foregoing 
 is a true acount of all the several Con- 
 veyances (sixty three in number) made 
 by Joseph Salvadore, of land contained 
 within the two tract.s of 50,000 acres 
 each, usually called Salvadore's Tracts, 
 upon record in this County; and that 
 no other or further conveyance of any 
 part of said Land is to be found upon 
 the said Records — Witness my hand, at 
 Abbeville Court House this Thirty first 
 day of May 179S 
 
 And I hereby certify that there is no 
 Mortgage upon the whole or any part 
 of the two tracts of Land usually called 
 Salvadore's tracts, to be found on the 
 Records of this County — Witness my 
 hand at Abbeville Court House this 31st 
 day of May 1798. 
 
 JOHN BOWIE C. A. C. 
 
 What is remarkable indeed, is the 
 fact that none of the conveyances re- 
 corded in Charleston, all of which I 
 have enumerated in my book, are re- 
 corded in Abbeville. Among these is 
 one to Rebecca Mendes Da Costa for 
 20.000 acres: and another to several in- 
 dividuals for the residue of 59,900 
 acres. How the estate was finally set- 
 tled I do not know, but it was subse- 
 quently taken into the Courts by the 
 foreign heirs. It is said that the fa- 
 mous George McDuffie laid the founda- 
 tion of his fortune bj'' the work he did 
 i'.i connection with the case. The Ab- 
 beville records are no longer in exis- 
 tence and I do not know that much 
 would be gained by having them. It 
 is interesting, however, to know that 
 the Salvador lands, which are now 
 within the corporate limits of Abbe- 
 ville County, are still known as the 
 "Jews' Lands," or the "Land of Prom- 
 ise." I hope some day to make a pil- 
 grimage thither. 
 
 Diiel.s hikI r>iielHiiS5:. 
 
 Wise-Lewis Duel. September 20. 1881. 
 Virginia Duels, October 18. 1881. 
 The Modern Campaign Duel, October 
 21. 1881. 
 Duelling in Virgini.a. January 3. 1882. 
 New Orleans Duel, June 8. 9, 10, 1882. 
 Columbia Duel, June 22. 27. 1882. 
 Old-time Duels. October 18. 1882. 
 
Duelling in South Carolina, October 
 21, 1885. 
 
 Duelling: in the South, July 21, 1887. 
 
 Williamson-Calhoun Duel, August 11, 
 12, 13, 25, 1889. 
 
 A Famous Duel, November 9, 1897. 
 
 Bloeraphical Material. 
 
 Edwin Booth, June 8, 1893. 
 
 Junius Brutus Booth, September 20, 
 1883. 
 
 John C. Calhoun's Family, May 4, 
 1885. 
 
 Ann Pamela Cuningham, October 31, 
 1885. 
 
 Paul H. Hayne, October 4, 1881. No- 
 vember 24, 1882. February 10, Septem- 
 ber 20, 1883. July 8. 9, 12, August 13, 
 1886. October 30, 1887. 
 
 Robert Y. Hayne, November 13, 1882. 
 
 Sidney Lanier, September 12, De- 
 cember 19, 1881. 
 
 William Lowndes, December 6, 1885. 
 
 James L. Petigru, March 28, 1891. 
 September 26, 1897. 
 
 Gen Thomas Pinckney, March 6, 1898. 
 
 John Rutledge, February 1, 1891. 
 
 State Legislature Biographies. No- 
 vember 26, 1884; November 23, 1886; No- 
 vember 25. 1890. 
 
 Henry Timrod, May 1, 2, 1901. 
 
 I.ot-nl Hintory. 
 
 The Ashes of the Past. [Alleys in 
 Charleston] November 1, 1885. 
 
 Carolina, — The name, Januai-y 24, 
 1862. June 21. 1883. April 12, 17, 21, 26. 
 May 3, 15, 1884. 
 
 Carolina — the early days of, April 29, 
 1888. 
 
 Charleston— A Century of,, January 
 1, 1901. 
 
 Charleston— Ante-Bellum, September 
 13, 1885. 
 
 From the Storied Past— Some Remi- 
 niscences of the antient history of 
 Charleston, April 11, 1886. 
 
 Roll of the Dead in 1900, January 1, 
 1901. 
 
 Georgetown — Description of, Octo- 
 ber 4, 1882. 
 
 Lancaster — a pen picture of, Novem- 
 ber 23, 1897. 
 
 Our Silver Mace— The Story of, Octo- 
 ber 20, 1882. December 9, 1893. 
 
 Marion, Gen Francis — The tomb of, 
 April 19, May 23, 1893. 
 
 Relics of the Olden Time, December 
 6, 1885. 
 
 Slave Badges, September 11. 17, 1889. 
 
 The "Smiths" of South Carolina, let- 
 ter from "The Antient Lady," August 
 9, 1862. 
 
 Charleston Chnrches. 
 
 Our Early Churches, December 28, 
 1884. 
 
 The Cathedral of St Finbar, Decem- 
 ber 18 1885 
 
 The Circular Church. March 4, 1862. 
 February 19. 188S. August 24, 1890. Jan- 
 uary 18, 1892. February 11, 1901. 
 
 The First Church in Charleston, De- 
 cember 7. 1884. 
 
 The Huguenot Church, January 14, 
 1898. 
 
 St Michael's Bells, March 7. 1887. 
 March 6. 1S9S. 
 
 The Unitarian Church, April 17, 1886. 
 April 2?,, 1SS7. 
 
 Note: — All the references in the fore- 
 going article are to The Courier. 
 
 I Iteprlnted from the Sunday News, April 7. 1907.— No. 9.1 
 
Leaves from My 
 
 Historical Scrap Book. 
 
 By Dr Barnett A. Elzas, M. D., LL.D. 
 
 With my article to-day I bring this 
 series of "Leaves from my Historical 
 Scrap Book" to completion. I set out 
 with the avowed purpose of calling at- 
 tention to the immense mass of his- 
 torical material that lies buried within 
 the volumes of our newspaper files, 
 which might as well be out of exis- 
 tence, unless someone takes the trouble 
 to index their contents. For myself, 
 I have inerely skimmed the surface. 
 All I have done is to pull out a page 
 here and there of my note-books, and 
 to list those items that I thought would 
 be of interest. What I have made 
 available represents only a small por- 
 tion of what could and should be made 
 available. The files of The City Ga- 
 zette, The Southern Patriot and The 
 Mercury are likewise wonderfully rich 
 in literary and historical data. Thou- 
 sands of references might readily be 
 compiled from their interesting pages. 
 
 That my contribution to our local 
 history might be of real and lasting 
 value, I have verified practically every 
 reference. 
 
 I will only add in conclusion, that I 
 trust my own work may stimulate 
 others in a similar direction. 
 
 niisoellaneonH Confederate Mhterial. 
 
 Major Anderson, Jan 23, 186L 
 
 The Swamp Angel, May 24, 1888. 
 
 De Gress's Rattery, April 11, 1897. 
 
 Harfs Battery, July 28, 1892. 
 
 Stevens's Battery, Feb 22, 1897. 
 
 Buttery Wiigner, March 6, IS'jS. 
 
 Judah P. Benjamin's great Speech, 
 Jan 9, 1861. 
 
 Edwin De Leon, a fine tribute to, 
 Mav IS, 1861. 
 
 Battles: 
 
 Drewry's Bluff, May 21, 1884. 
 Fredericksburg, Nov 21, 1897. 
 Gettysburg, Dec 10, 1893. 
 First Manassas, April 1, 1884. 
 New Market, July 15, 1882. 
 Seven Pines, Aug 6, 10, 11, 1885. 
 Shiloh, April 28, May 10, 1887. 
 Gen Beauregard, Feb 5, 1884; Feb 22, 
 1893. 
 
 The Sword of Beauregard, March 17, 
 1893. 
 
 Blockade of Charleston, Jan 12, 21, 
 1897. 
 
 Blockade Running, Feb 7, 21, 1897. 
 
 The Free Market of Charleston, Feb 
 26. 1862. 
 
 "The noblest charity extant." Orig- 
 inated with Ben Mordecai, and largely 
 supported by him. 
 
 Butler's Brigade in '64, Nov 2, 1897. 
 
 Gist's Brigade at Franklin, Feb 14, 
 1887. 
 
 Hagood's Brigade, Aug 11, Sept 1, 
 1881. 
 
 Hagood's Regiment, May 9, 1888. 
 
 McGowan's Brigade, June 19, 1904. 
 
 Who were Carpet-Baggers, Aug 24, 
 1885. 
 
 The Siege of Charleston, July 17, 
 1S92; Jan 26, 1897. 
 
 Jeff Davis's Speech at New Or- 
 leans, Jan 28, 1882. 
 
 Jeff Davis and his maligners, Feb 4, 
 1882. 
 
 Jeff Davis, vindication of, April 17, 
 1882. 
 
 Jeff Davis, capture of. Sept 4, 10, 23, 
 1885. 
 
 JefC Davis, a kind word for, June 15, 
 1888 
 
 Jeff Davis, biography of, Jan 26. 1891. 
 
 Jeff Davis, funeral of, May 17, 23, 25, 
 1893. 
 
 Jeff Davis, private life of. June 1. 1893. 
 
 Coins of the Confederacy, Feb 28, 1885. 
 
 Confederate Dead, Aug 25, 1S85. 
 
 Our Graves at Fredericksburg, March 
 IS, 1890. 
 
List of South Carolina Dead at Fred- 
 ericksburg, June 16, 1890. 
 
 Our Dead in Hollywood, April 10. 1893. 
 
 The Dead of the War. Nov 9, 1897. 
 
 Germans and their Dead, Nov 10, 1897. 
 
 W. L. I. List of Dead, Mar 18, 1888. 
 
 The Confederate Capital, Mar 21, 1897. 
 
 The Confederate War Debt, June 1, 
 7. 1886. 
 
 The Confederate Generals, June 18, 
 1889 
 
 The Confederate Gold, Dec 18,, 1885. 
 
 The first Confederate Ram, Jan 7, 
 1884. 
 
 The Confederate Seal, Jan 15, 27. 1886. 
 
 The Confederate Specie, Dec 21, 22, 
 23, 1881. 
 
 The Confederate States Navy, July 2, 
 1887. 
 
 France and the Confederate Navy, 
 May 24, 1888. 
 
 The Germans In War, May 24, 1888. 
 
 William J. Grayson, Oct 8. 1863. 
 
 Maxcy Gregrg-. March 18, 1888. 
 
 Who fired the first Gun? Jan 16, 
 1861: Oct 20, 23, 1882; Jam 19. 1893. 
 
 The first and last Shot.. Aug 25, 1893. 
 
 Hampton, March 4, 1891. 
 
 Hampton Legion, April 3, 1882. 
 
 Hampton Legion at Manassas, July 
 13. ISSo; Nov 14, 1897. 
 
 With Hampton in Battle, Dec 5, 1897. 
 
 Hampton at Fayetteville. Dec 12, 1897. 
 
 Gen Huguenin. Jan 10, 1888. 
 
 Stonewall Jackson at Manassas, Mar 
 27. 1884. 
 
 Stonewall Jackson at Chancellors- 
 ville. April 5, 1886. 
 
 Jackson's plan of War, June 20, 1889. 
 
 Stonewall Jackson's way, June 22, 
 1889. 
 
 Jackson in Battle. Oct 28. 1897. 
 
 Jackson at Winchester, Jan 6. 1901. 
 
 The Jews of Chattanooga, July 31, 
 1861. 
 
 The Jews of Richmond, May 3, 1861; 
 Jan 15, 1864. 
 
 The Jewish Women of Charlotte, 
 June 24, 1861. 
 
 Johnson and Grant, Nov 5, 1885. 
 
 The Raids of the Kuklux. Sept 13, 
 1892. 
 
 Robert E. Lee, Jan 5, 1890. 
 
 Moise. oration on Lee. Jan 20. 1S98. 
 
 Robert E. Lee. Teacher. Feb 21. 1897. 
 
 Gen James Longstreet, July 6, 1885. 
 
 Mpsonry and Prisoners of War, Jan 
 L'8. 1862. 
 
 Monitor and Merrimac. May 26. 1897. 
 
 Monitor and the Virginia, Sept 13. 
 189"; Feb 9. 1S98. 
 
 Benjamin Mordecai, a fine tribute to. 
 Mar 12, 1862. 
 
 Nelson's Battalion, Aug 8. 1897. 
 
 Orr's Regiment, Aug 6, 1892. 
 
 James L. Petigru. Mar 10, 1863. 
 
 Who are the Rebels? Aug 15. 1862. 
 
 That foul word "Rebellion," July 28, 
 Oct 25, 26, 30, 1897. 
 
 The Real cause of the Rebellion, Oct 
 19. 1897. 
 
 The Ordinance of Secession, July 14, 
 1885. 
 
 Jeff Davis on the Right of Secession, 
 July 6, 16, 1881. 
 
 The Right of Secession, Mar 15, 1891; 
 June 5, July 24, Aug 18, 1893. 
 
 The State Flag, Jan 28, 1861. 
 
 Slavery and Secession, Aug 21. 1883. 
 
 John C. Calhoun om States' Rights, 
 March 8. 1883. 
 
 The evacuation of Fort Sumter, July 
 7, 1881, 
 
 The Siege of Sumter, March 21, 1883. 
 
 Survivors 12th Regiment. Aug 22. 1881. 
 
 Were the Confederates "Traitors? Feb 
 4, 1885. 
 
 Causes of the War, Nov 28, 1897. 
 
 Not a Civil War, Nov 17, 1897; Feb 15, 
 1901. 
 
 Issues of the War, May 4. 1882. 
 
 The Object of the War, (Lee) May 5, 
 1885. 
 
 Responsibility for the War, June 6, 
 1893. 
 
 Hebrews in the War. Jan 3. 1892. 
 
 Southern Heroes in War, Dec 18, 1892. 
 
 The first Martyr of the War, Sept 2, 
 1897. 
 
 Memories of the War. Oct 28, 188.5. 
 
 Reminiscences of the War, April 30, 
 1887. 
 
 South Carolina in the War, Jan 7, 
 1898. 
 
 Wheeler's Men, Mar 14, 1898. 
 
 W. L. L Vols. Appeal, June 15, ,1864. 
 
 (In response to this appeal, Ben 
 Mordecai contributed $1,000.) 
 
 Confederate RonterN. 
 
 1st Regt S. C. v.. April 23. 1861. 
 
 1st Regt Of Rifles, Aug 23, 1861. 
 
 2nd Regt S. C. V., April 26. 1861. 
 
 7th Regt. Co F.. Aug 14. 1861. 
 
 10th Regt S. C. v., Dec 24, 1861. 
 
 20th Regt S. C. V., Co A., May 20, 
 1862. 
 
 Beauregard Light Infantry, Aug 9, 
 1861. 
 
 Brooks Guards, May 13. 1861. 
 
 Carolina Light Infantry, Oct 15, 1861. 
 
 Charleston Mounted Guard, June 1, 
 1861. 
 
 Chesterfield Light Artillery, Oct 1,5. 
 1861. 
 Chestnut Light Artillery. July 28, 1862. 
 
 Colleton Guards. Sept 4, 1861. 
 
 DeSaussure Light Artillery, Oct 15, 
 1862. 
 
 Drafted Companies. July 29. 1863. 
 
 Georgetown Rifle Guards, Aug 21, 
 1861. 
 
German Artillery, Co B., April 28, 
 1862. 
 
 Governor's Guards, April 11, 1861. 
 
 Capt Hills Co, April 1, 1862. 
 
 The Home Guard, May 2. 1861, 
 
 Irish Volunteers, Aug- 1, 1861. 
 
 Col Kershaw's Regt, April 30, 1861. 
 
 Marion Rifles, Feb 24, 1863. 
 
 Ordnance Guard, March 20, 1862. 
 
 Palmetto Guard. May 1, 10, 1861. 
 
 Palmetto Guard Artillery, June 17, 
 1862. 
 
 Pee Dee Rifles, March 27, 1862. 
 
 P'ckens Rangers. Dec 4. 1861. 
 
 Pickens Rifles. Aug 10. 1861. 
 
 Re-enlisted Soldiers. Mar 9, 1864. 
 
 Regiment of Reserves, Dec 11, 1861. 
 
 S. C. College Cadets, May 2, 1861. 
 
 Trenholm Rifles, Dec 5, 1861. 
 
 Vigilant Rifles, Jan 9, 1861. 
 
 Waccamaw Light Artillery, April 29, 
 1862. 
 
 Washington Artillery, .March 11, 1862. 
 
 Washington Light Infantry, June 1, 
 1861. 
 
 Washington Mounted Artillery, July 
 12, 1861. 
 
 Wee Nee Riflemen, Nov 23. 1861. 
 
 Wee Nee Vols, Sept 16. 1861. 
 
 Yeadon Light Artillery, May 1.*}, 1862. 
 
 The Cruel Slave Ovrner. 
 
 The gruesome pictures of the cruelty 
 of slavery which we meet with ever and 
 nnon, are very amusing to those who 
 have lived in the South. In examining 
 some wills recently in Camden, I came 
 across a good illustration of the tender 
 regard which the old master and mis- 
 tress had for their slaves. In the Will 
 of Sarah Levy, the mother of the dis- 
 tinguished Col Chapman Levy, of Cam- 
 den, probated on October 24, 1842, there 
 occurs the following passage: 
 
 "It is my direction, desire and earn- 
 est request, that old Kennedy shall be 
 kept with his wife and each treated 
 with kindness and all reasonable indul- 
 gence." 
 
 I have met with such directions so 
 frequently, that the illustration may 
 be said to be almost typical. 
 
 Charle« Pinckney <17.%S.1824.) 
 
 I have often thought that a good defi- 
 nition of nn encyclopaedia would be: 
 "A book where one can get inaccurate 
 Information." Some encyclopaedias are 
 inexpressibly bad. I recently had oc- 
 casion to look up a matter in connec- 
 tion with Charles Pinckney in Apple- 
 ton's Cyclopaedia of American Biog- 
 raphy, and was not a little surprised 
 at the following information: "Mr 
 Pinckney was the founder of the old 
 Republican Party of South Carolina. 
 
 He possessed liberal views on all sub- 
 jects ... he was the principal agent 
 in the removal of the civil and poli- 
 tical disabilities that had been im- 
 posed on the Jews in South Carolina." 
 (Vol 5, p 23.) I wonder why reliable 
 publishing houses do not submit the 
 pix)ofs of historical works to competent 
 local workers for revision? It would 
 certainly pay them in the long run. 
 
 Revolutionary Material. 
 
 The Antient Battalion of Artillery, 
 March 31, 1901. 
 
 Baron DeKalb, May 5, 1884. 
 
 The DeKalb Monument, Jan 1. 1883. 
 See also City Gazette, March 31, 1827. 
 
 Battle of Beaufort. .Gazette of the 
 State of South Carolina, March 10, 1779. 
 
 Boston in 1774, June 19, 1861. 
 
 A long list of subscriptions from 
 Georgetown, S. C, for the relief of Bos- 
 ton. 
 
 Battle of Camden, City Gazette, July 
 15, 1831. See also South Carolina & 
 American General Gazette, Dec 13, 1780. 
 
 Battle of Eutaw, City Gazette, Jan 30, 
 1826. 
 
 Eutaw Springs Centennial, Sept 8, 
 1881. 
 
 Battle of Eutaw Springs, Jan 2, 1882. 
 
 The Darkest Hour of the Revolution 
 — Letter from George Washington, 
 dated Dec 30. 1778, Oct 16, 1863. 
 
 King's Mountain, Feb 3, 1853. 
 
 Original material. 
 
 Battle of King's Mountain, Oct 7, 
 1853. 
 
 The Siege of Savannah, South Caro- 
 lina and American General Gazette, 
 Oct 1, 1779. 
 
 Journal of the Siege of Savannah, 
 Ibid, Dec 10, 1779. 
 
 Marlon's Home, Mar 25, 1897. 
 
 Marion's Grave, June 9, 1883. 
 
 Marion's Tomb, Feb 17, 1889. 
 
 Revolutionary Incident, (concerning 
 Richard C. Anderson) April 6, 1861. 
 
 A Relic of the Revolution, (Samuel 
 Venning's sword) May 31, 1861. 
 
 Revolutionary Relics, Dec 9, 1884. 
 
 Gen Sumter — the Gamecock of the 
 Revolution, Nov 14, 1863. 
 
 The Evacuation of Charleston In 
 1782. Dec 14. 1882. 
 
 The German Fusiliers — Roll of the 
 Company at Savannah in 1779, Jan 21, 
 1886. 
 
 Col Plnckney's Order Book, of 1st S. 
 C. Regiment, June 28, 1887. 
 
 BloiEirrapliieal Material. 
 
 Benjamin George Allston, April 20, 
 1853. 
 Robert Elfe, May 30, 1853. 
 Franklin H. Elmore, June 1, 1850. 
 
LIUKHKY U»- CONGRESS 
 
 006 152 803 9 
 
 Bishop Gadsden, June 25, 18,^2. 
 Col Samuel Hammond, Sept 27, 1842. 
 Robert Y. Hayne, Feb 14, 1840. 
 Francis Simons Holmes, Oct 20, 1882. 
 Col William S. King, March 20, 1852. 
 Mary E. Lee, Feb 22, 1851. 
 Hugh S. Legare, June 26, 27, 1843. 
 Thomas Lowndes, July 11, 1?43. 
 Col Charles John Steadman, March 
 14, 1840. 
 John A. Stuart, May 12, 1853. 
 
 MiscellaneonH. 
 
 Address at the dedication of Mag- 
 nolia Cemetery, Jan 21, 1851. 
 
 Our State Arms, Aug 29, 1853. 
 
 The Southern "Bourbons," Feb 4, 1882. 
 
 Buzzards of Charleston, Aug 18, 1881. 
 
 Death of Calhoun, April 1, 1850. 
 
 Jeff Davis on Calhoun, Sept 12, 1887. 
 
 The Circular Church, July 25, 1853. 
 
 Old Coins, Dec 29, 1889. 
 
 Cordesville — List of former Residents, 
 &c, July 12, 1851. 
 
 Lost Creeks of South Carolina, May 1, 
 1888. 
 
 Description of a "Gander pulling," 
 City Gazette, May 31, 1793. 
 
 The Germans of Charleston, Oct 6, 
 1891. 
 
 German Day, Oct 7, 1891. 
 
 German South Carolinians, Aug 8, 
 1897. 
 
 Orangeburg's Bold Germans, Aug 15, 
 1897. 
 
 Governors of South Carolina, 1775- 
 ISr.O. Aug 2, 1850. 
 
 In Honor of Paul Hayne, Feb 17, 
 1889. 
 
 A plea for Southern Literature, July 
 16, 1881. 
 
 Legare-Dunovant Duel, Sept 15, 1853. 
 
 The Lopez Expedition against Cuba, 
 May 27, 1850; Sept 19, 1851. 
 
 Palmetto Day Addresses, June 29, 
 1853. 
 
 Palmetto Regiment Roll, June 5, 1885. 
 
 Pirates on the Carolina Coast, Feb 15, 
 1897. 
 
 The Beginning of the State (Re- 
 cords), Dec 1, 1891. 
 
 Colonial and Revolutionary Records, 
 June 7, 1882. 
 
 The Early Records of South Carolina, 
 Oct 27, 1893. 
 
 Dr Joseph Johnson's Reminiscences: 
 — "A miscellaneous series of unpub- 
 lished MSS." 
 
 (1) William J. Lowndes, July 18, 
 1853. 
 
 (2) Commissary Garden, July 20, 1853. t. , 
 
 (3) Rev Dr Wm Dood, July 21, 1853. ■ 
 
 (4) The Tornado of 1761— from the S. 
 C. Gazette, July 22, 1853. 
 
 McCrady's History, Jan 30, Mar 24, 
 1898 
 
 "Millions for Defence," Aug 16„ 1853; 
 July 3, 1854. 
 
 History of the Orphan House, July 1, 
 28, 1854. 
 
 Osceola's Grave, Sept 7, 1883. 
 
 Puritans and Pilgrims, Dec 22, 1897. 
 
 Carolina Silk Culture, Feb 5, 9. 10, 
 1848. 
 
 Speech on Slavery (Harrison), Jan 
 15, 1840. 
 
 Providential Aspects of Slavery, Nov 
 11, 1888. 
 
 Society in South Carolina, The Co- 
 lumbian Herald, Oct 26, 1785. 
 
 Life in Colonial Virginia, Jan 5, 1896. 
 
 The True George Washington, Feb 
 22, 1897. 
 
 Our Parish Regristers. 
 
 St Thomas and St Denis Parish Reg- 
 ister, 1680-1884, (printed) Charleston Li- 
 brary and Historical Society's Collec- 
 tions. 
 
 Christchurch Parish Register, begin- 
 ning 1694, (MSS). A copy, partly in- 
 dexed. Historical Society Collections. 
 
 St Andrews' Parish Register, (MSS)— 
 3 volumes, a copy, beginning 1714. Li- 
 brary Society Collections. 
 
 St Helena's Parish Register, (MSS)— 
 a copy, alphabetically arranged. His- 
 torical Society Collections. 
 
 Register of St James, Santee. 1758- 
 1788. A copy, owned by the Colonial 
 Dames and in custody of the Historical 
 Society. 
 
 St Philip's Parish Register, 1713-1758, 
 printed and edited with a full index 
 by A. S. Salley, Jr. The Church pos- 
 sesses also one MSS vol 1754-1796, as 
 well as later volumes. 
 
 Chronicles of St Mark's Parish, 1731- 
 1885, (printed) Charleston Library and 
 Historical Society Collections. 
 
 The Giessendanner Record, in "The 
 History of Orangeburg County," by A. 
 S. Salley, Jr. 
 
 [Note:— All references in the forego- 
 ing article are to The Courier, except 
 v.'here otherwise noted.] 
 
 1 Reprinted from the Sunday News, April 14, 19Ci7. —No. 101