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THE WHITE DOE 
 
While within its bright' ning dimness, 
 With the misty halo 'round her, 
 Stood a beautiful white maiden" 
 
 Page 70 
 
The White Doe 
 
 THE FATE OF 
 VIRGINIA DARE 
 
 AN INDIAN LEGEND 
 BY 
 
 SALLIE 
 SOUTHALL 
 
 COTTEN 
 
 n 
 
 
 pttnteo tor tbe Hutbot 
 
 BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA 
 190I 
 

 THE LIBRARY OF 
 
 CONGRESS, 
 Two Copies Received 
 
 APR. 24 1901 
 
 COPrH^MT ENTRV 
 
 ICLASSt^xXc. N«. 
 COPY 8. 
 
 Copyright, 1901 
 
 Ey Sallik Southall Cotten 
 
 All rights reserved 
 
TO 
 
 The National Society 
 
 of 
 
 Colonial Dames of America 
 
 WHOSE PATRIOTIC WORK HAS STIMULATED 
 RESEARCH INTO AN IMPORTANT AND 
 INTERESTING PERIOD OF THE HISTORY OF 
 
 OUR BELOVED COUNTRY 
 
PREFACE 
 
 A familiar knowledge of the history of one's 
 own country increases patriotism and stimulates 
 valor. For this reason the study of written records 
 called history should be supplemented by research 
 into myths, folk-lore, and legends. While the 
 value of history lies ever in its truth, it must yet 
 bear the ideals of the people who participated in 
 the events narrated. Tradition was the mother 
 of all history, and was necessarily robed in the 
 superstitions of the era of which the tradition tells. 
 History writers, jealously guarding the truth, have 
 striven to banish all traditions which seemed colored 
 by fancy or even freighted with a moral lesson. 
 These exiled traditions, bearing the seed-germs of 
 truth, cannot die, but, like wandering spirits, float 
 down the centuries enveloped in the mists of super- 
 stition, until finally, embodied in romance or song, 
 they assume a permanent form called legend and 
 become the heritage of a people. Legends are 
 the satellites of history because they have their 
 
 5 
 
6 PREFACE 
 
 origin in the same events, and the history of all 
 countries is interspersed with them. 
 
 The legend of The White Doe is probably the 
 oldest and possibly the least known of all the 
 legends which relate to the history of the United 
 States. It is a genuine American legend, and the 
 facts from which it had its origin form the first 
 chapter in the history of English colonization in 
 North America. Those facts are found in the 
 repeated attempts of Sir Walter Raleigh to estab- 
 lish an English colony in the New World. The 
 Spaniards were in Florida, the French were in 
 Nova Scotia, but England had gained no posses- 
 sions in North America when Raleigh began his 
 efforts. This fact assumes more importance when 
 we remember that civilization has made the greatest 
 progress in those parts of America where the 
 English became dominant. In South America, 
 dominated by the Spaniards, civilization has made 
 no strides, while in the United States a new nation 
 has arisen whose ultimate destiny none may limit 
 or foretell. As the gates of a new century open 
 and disclose almost unlimited fields for human 
 progress, this new nation, with an enthusiasm and 
 courage born of success, has taken her place to 
 lead in the eternal forward search for better op- 
 
PREFACE 7 
 
 portunities and higher life for the human race. 
 All this grand destiny, all this ripening opportunity, 
 like a harvest from a few seeds, is traced back, 
 event after event, to the early struggles of those 
 who braved the dangers of sea and forest in the 
 attempts to colonize America. Those pioneer 
 efforts, so generously promoted by Sir Walter 
 Raleigh, though only partially successful, were the 
 stepping-stones which later led to the better-known 
 settlement of Jamestown, in Virginia. A brief 
 resume of those stepping-stones will make them 
 familiar to all. 
 
 In 1584 Queen Elizabeth made a grant to 
 Raleigh for all the land from Nova Scotia to 
 Florida, which was called Virginia, in honor of the 
 Virgin Queen, as Elizabeth was called. 
 
 The first expedition sent out under this grant 
 was in the same year, 1584, and was entirely at 
 the expense of Sir Walter Raleigh, as were all of 
 the expeditions up to 1590. It was solely for the 
 purpose of exploration, and was under the com- 
 mand of Amadas and Barlowe, who, after coast- 
 ing along the Atlantic shores, entered Pamlico 
 Sound and landed on the island of Roanoak, 
 on the coast of the present State of North Carolina. 
 They made the acquaintance of the tribes there 
 
8 PREFACE 
 
 resident, explored the country on the coast, and 
 returned to England to bear enthusiastic testimony 
 to the delightsomeness of the country. They took 
 with them back to England two native Indian 
 chiefs, Manteo and Wanchese, who returned to 
 America on a subsequent voyage, as the official 
 records tell. 
 
 The following year, 1585, a colony of one 
 hundred and seven men landed on this same island 
 of Roanoak. They came organized to occupy 
 and possess the land granted to Raleigh, and to 
 secure such benefits therefrom as in those days 
 were deemed valuable. They remained one year, 
 exploring the country and trying to establish rela- 
 tions with the Indians. They built houses, planted 
 crops, and looked forward to the arrival of more 
 men and food, which had been promised from 
 England. But no ships came, provisions grew 
 scarce, and before the crops they had planted were 
 mature enough to harvest, Sir Francis Drake, the 
 great sea-rover of that day, appeared off the 
 island with a fleet of vessels. 
 
 Knowing the dangers of that coast, he did not 
 attempt to come to the island, but sent in to learn 
 of the welfare of the colony, and offered to supply 
 their immediate needs. They asked, among other 
 
PREFACE 9 
 
 things, that their sick and weak men be taken back 
 to England, that food for those who remained be 
 given them, and for a vessel in which they might 
 return home if they so desired, all of which Drake 
 granted. But a dreadful storm arose, which lasted 
 three days and drove the promised vessel out to 
 sea, with a goodly number o( the colonists and 
 the promised food on board. Seeing thus a part 
 of their number and their food gone, the remain- 
 ing colonists became homesick and panic-stricken 
 and begged Drake to take them all to England, 
 which he did. Thus ended the first attempt at 
 English colonization in North America. 
 
 Fifteen days after their departure Sir Richard 
 Grenville arrived with three vessels, bringing the 
 promised supplies, but found the men gone. 
 Wishing to hold the country for England until 
 another colony could arrive, he left fifteen men 
 on the island with provisions for two years, and he 
 returned to England. Those fifteen men are sup- 
 posed to have been murdered and captured by 
 the Indians, as the next colony found only some 
 bones, a ruined fort, and empty houses in which 
 deer were feeding. 
 
 The leaving of those fifteen men is considered 
 the second attempt at colonization, and is recog- 
 
io PREFACE 
 
 nized as a failure. But all success is built only 
 by persistent repetition of effort, and so, in 1587, 
 another colony came from England to this same 
 island of Roanoak. Among those colonists were 
 seventeen women and nine children, thus proving 
 the intention of making permanent homes, and 
 the hope of establishing family ties which should 
 for all time unite England and North America. 
 A few days after the arrival of this colony at 
 Roanoak, Virginia Dare was born, — she being the 
 first child born of English parents on the soil of 
 North America, — and because she was the first 
 child born in Virginia she was called Virginia. 
 Her mother, Eleanor Dare, was the daughter of 
 John White, the governor of the colony, and the 
 wife of one of the assistant governors. 
 
 The Sunday following her birth she was baptized, 
 this being another fact of official record. 
 
 By Sir Walter Raleigh's command the rite of 
 baptism had been administered, a few days earlier, 
 to Manteo, an Indian chief, who had visited 
 England with a returning expedition, as previously 
 mentioned. This baptism of the adult Indian and 
 of the white infant were the first Christian sacra- 
 ments administered in North America, and are 
 worthy of commemoration. 
 
PREFACE 1 1 
 
 The colonists soon found that to make possible 
 and permanent their home in a new land many 
 things were needed more than they had provided. 
 So at their urgent request their leader, Governor 
 White, grandfather of Virginia Dare, consented 
 to return to England to secure the needed sup- 
 plies, with which he was to return to them the 
 following year. When White reached England he 
 found war going on with Spain, and England 
 threatened with an invasion by the famous Spanish 
 Armada. His queen needed and demanded his 
 services, and not until 15 90 — three years later — did 
 he succeed in returning to America. When at last 
 he came the colonists had disappeared, and the 
 only clue to their fate was the word " Croatoan," 
 which he found carved on a tree ; it having been 
 agreed between them that if they changed their 
 place of abode in his absence they would carve 
 on a tree the name of the place to which they 
 had gone. 
 
 The arrival of those colonists, the birth and 
 baptism of Virginia Dare, the return of White to 
 England, the disappearance of the colony, and the 
 finding of the word Croatoan, these facts form 
 the record of that colony, the disappearance of 
 which is a mystery which history has not solved. 
 
i2 PREFACE 
 
 But tradition illumines many periods of the 
 past which history leaves in darkness, and tradi- 
 tion tells how this colony found among friendly 
 Indians a refuge from the dangers of Roanoak 
 Island, and how this infant grew into fair maiden- 
 hood, and was changed by the sorcery of a re- 
 jected lover into a white doc, which roamed the 
 lonely island and bore a charmed life, and how 
 finally true love triumphed over magic and restored 
 her to human form, — only to result in the death 
 of the maiden from a silver arrow shot by a cruel 
 chieftain. 
 
 This tradition of a white doe and a silver 
 arrow has survived through three centuries, and 
 not only lingers where the events occurred, but 
 some portions of it are found wherever in our 
 land forests abound and deer abide. From Maine 
 to Florida lumbermen are everywhere familiar 
 with an old superstition that to see a white doe 
 is an evil omen. In some localities lumbermen 
 will quit work if a white deer is seen. That 
 such a creature as a white deer really exists is 
 demonstrated by their capture and exhibition in 
 menageries, and to-day the rude hunters of the 
 Alleghany Mountains believe that only a silver 
 arrow will kill a white deer. 
 
PREFACE 13 
 
 The disappearance of this colony has been truly 
 called "the tragedy of American colonization," 
 and around it has hung a pathetic interest which 
 ever leads to renewed investigation, in the hope 
 of solving the mystery. From recent search into 
 the subject by students of history a chain of 
 evidence has been woven from which it has come 
 to be believed that the lost colony, hopeless of 
 succor from England, and deprived of all other 
 human associations, became a part of a tribe of 
 friendly Croatoan Indians, shared their wander- 
 ings, and intermarried with them, and that their 
 descendants are to be found to-day among the 
 Croatoan Indians of Robeson County, North 
 Carolina. 
 
 (Those who desire to investigate this supposed 
 solution of the mystery can easily secure the facts 
 and the conclusions formed by those who have 
 made a careful study of the subject.) 
 
 Of course, it can never be known certainly 
 whether Virginia Dare was or was not of that 
 number, but the full tradition of her life among 
 the Indians is embodied in the legend of The 
 White Doe. 
 
 Much has been written about the Indian prin- 
 cess Pocahontas, and much sentiment has clustered 
 
i 4 PREFACE 
 
 around her association with the Jamestown colony, 
 while few have given thought to the young English 
 girl whose birth, baptism, and mysterious disap- 
 pearance link her forever with the earlier tragedies 
 of the same era of history. It seems a strange 
 coincidence that the Indian maiden Pocahontas, 
 friend and companion of the White Man, having 
 adopted his people as her own, should sleep in 
 death on English soil, while the English maiden, 
 Virginia Dare, friend and companion of the Red 
 Man, having adopted his people as her own, should 
 sleep in death on American soil, — the two maidens 
 thus exchanging nationality, and linking in life 
 and in death the two countries whose destinies 
 seem most naturally to intermingle. 
 
 The scattered fragments of this legend have 
 been carefully collected and woven into symmetry 
 for preservation. Notes from authentic sources 
 have been appended for the benefit of searchers 
 into the historical basis of the poem, which is 
 offered to the public with the hope that it may 
 increase interest in the early history of our home 
 land and strengthen the tie which binds England 
 and the United States. 
 
 Sallie Southall Gotten. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGB 
 
 Preface 5 
 
 Prologue 19 
 
 The Seeds of Truth 23 
 
 THE LEGEND OF THE WHITE DOE 
 
 I. — The Refugees 31 
 
 II. — The Pale-Face Maiden 42 
 
 III. — Savage Sorcery 46 
 
 IV. — The Counter-Charm 55 
 
 V.~ The Hunt 63 
 
 VI.— The Silver Arrow 72 
 
 Appendix 81 
 
 15 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 i "While within its bright' fling dimness, 
 With the misty halo 'round her, 
 Stood a beautiful white maiden" Frontispiece 
 
 ^ 2 The Arrival of the Englishmen in Virginia 23 
 
 y 
 
 3 ' ' The Fierce, Brawny Red Man is King of the 
 
 Wold" 24 
 
 ▼ 4 The Land-of- Wiud-and- Water 32 
 
 v j Man-te-o, a Chief e Lorde of Roanoak 34 
 
 v 6 "Then a New Ca?ioe he fashioned" 52 
 
 
 The Magician of Po-mou-ik j8 
 
 Frontispiece from an original drawing by May Louise 
 Barrett. 
 
 Maps and remaining illustrations reproduced from 
 Theodore de Bry's edition of "The True Pictures and 
 Fashions of the People in that Parte of America now 
 called Virginia," 1590. 
 
 t7 
 
PROLOGUE 
 
 In the tomb of vanished ages sleep th* ungarnered truths 
 
 of Time, 
 Where the pall of silence covers deeds of honor and of 
 
 crime ; 
 Deeds of sacrifice and danger, which the careless earth 
 
 forgets, 
 There, in ever-deep' ning shadows, lie embalmed in mute 
 
 regrets. 
 Would-be-gleaners of the Present vainly grope amid this 
 
 gloom ; 
 Flowers of Truth to be immortal must be gathered while 
 
 they bloom, 
 Else they pass into the Silence, man's neglect their only 
 
 blight, 
 And the Gleaner of the Ages stores them far from human 
 
 sight. 
 Yet a perfume, sweet and subtle, lingers where each 
 
 flower grew, 
 Rising from the shattered petals, bathed and freshened by 
 
 the dew ; 
 And this perfume, in the twilight, forms a mist beneath 
 
 the skies, 
 Out of which, like airy phantoms, legends and traditions 
 
 rise ; 
 For the Seeds of Truth are buried in a legend's inmost 
 
 heart, 
 To transplant them in the sunlight justifies the poet's art. 
 
 19 
 
THE SEEDS OF TRUTH 
 

 
THE SEEDS OF TRUTH 
 
 ROANOAK, I587 
 
 Shimmering waters, aweary of tossing, 
 Hopeful of rest, ripple on to the shore ; 
 Dimpling with light, as they waver and quiver, 
 Echoing faintly the ocean's wild roar. 
 Locked in the arms of the tremulous waters 
 Nestles an island, with beauty abloom, 
 Where the warm kiss of an amorous summer 
 Fills all the air with a languid perfume. 
 Windward, the roar of the turbulent breakers 
 Warns of the dangers of rock and of reef; 
 Burdened with mem'ries of sorrowful shipwreck, 
 They break on the sands in torrents of grief. 
 Leeward, the forest, grown giant in greenness, 
 Shelters a land where a fervid sun shines ; 
 Wild with the beauty of riotous nature, 
 Thick with the tangles of fruit-laden vines.* 
 From fragrant clusters, grown purple with ripeness, 
 Rare, spicy odors float out to the sea,f 
 Where the gray gulls flit with restless endeavor, 
 Skimming the waves in their frolicsome glee. 
 
 * See Appendix, Note a. f See Appendix, Note b. 
 
 23 
 
24 THE SEEDS OF TRUTH 
 
 Out from the shore stalks the stately white 
 
 heron, 
 Seeking his food from the deep without fear, 
 Gracefully waving wide wings as he rises 
 When the canoe of the Indian draws near. 
 Through reedy brake and the tangled sea-grasses 
 Wander the stag and the timid-eyed doe * 
 Down to the water's edge, watchful and wary 
 For arrows that fly from the red hunter's bow. 
 Fearless Red Hunter ! his birthright the forest, 
 Lithe as the antelope, joyous and free. 
 Trusting his bow for his food and his free- 
 dom, 
 Wresting a tribute from forest and sea, 
 No chilling forecast of doom in the future 
 Daunts his brave spirit, by freedom made bold. 
 Far o'er the wildwood he roams at his pleasure, 
 The fierce, brawny Red Man is king of the wold. 
 
 Lo ! in the offing the white sails are gleaming, 
 Ships from afar to the land drawing nigh ; 
 Laden with men, strong and brave to meet dan- 
 ger, 
 Stalwart of form, fair of skin, blue of eye. 
 
 * See Appendix, Note c. 
 
, 
 
 
THE SEEDS OF TRUTH 25 
 
 Boldly they land where the white man is alien ; 
 Women are with them, with hearts true and brave ; 
 Sadly they stand where their countrymen perished,* 
 Seeking a home where they found but a grave. 
 
 Friendly red hunters greet them with kindness, 
 Tell the sad tale how their countrymen died,f 
 Beg for a token of friendship and safety, f 
 Promise in love and in peace to abide. 
 Manteo's heart glows with friendly remembrance, 
 He greets them as brothers and offers good 
 
 cheer ; 
 No thrill of welcome is felt by Wanchese.J 
 His heart is bitter with malice and fear. 
 Envying men his superiors in wisdom, 
 Fearing a race his superiors in skill ; 
 Sullen and silent he watches the strangers, 
 Whom from the first he determines to kill. 
 
 Then the sign of the Cross, on the brow of the 
 
 Indian, § 
 Seals to the savage the promise of life ; 
 Sweet symbol of sacrifice, emblem of duty, 
 Standard of Peace, though borne amidst strife : 
 
 * See Appendix, Note d. % Pronounced Wan-chess-e. 
 
 f See Appendix, Note e. % See Appendix, Note f. 
 
26 THE SEEDS OF TRUTH 
 
 Draped with the sombre, stained banner of Con- 
 quest, 
 Dark with the guilt of mans murder and greed, 
 
 Yet bright with God's message of love and for- 
 es o 
 
 giveness 
 Unto a universe welded to creed. 
 
 Gently the morning breeze tosses the tree-tops, 
 
 Low ebbs the tide on the outlying sand ; 
 
 When a tiny white babe opens eyes to the sun- 
 light,* 
 
 Heaven's sweet pledge for the weal of the 
 land. 
 
 Babe of the Wilderness ! tenderly cherished ! 
 
 Signed with the Cross on the next Sabbath 
 Day; 
 
 Brave English Mother ! through danger and sor- 
 row, 
 
 For a nation of Christians thou leadest the way. 
 
 Back to the home-land, across the deep water, 
 Goes the wise leader, their needs to abate ; f 
 Leaving with sorrow the babe and its mother 
 In a strange land as a hostage to Fate. 
 
 * See Appendix, Note g. f See Appendix, Note h. 
 
THE SEEDS OF TRUTH 27 
 
 Many long months pass in busy home-making, 
 Sweet English customs prevail on the isle ; 
 Anxious eyes watch for the ship in the offing, 
 Saddened hearts droop, but the lips bravely smile. 
 
 Gone are the sweet dreamy days of the summer, 
 In from the ocean the winter winds shriek ; 
 Dangers encompass and enemies threaten, 
 Mother and child other refuge must seek. 
 Mother and child, as in Bethlehem story, 
 Flee from the hate of their blood-thirsty foes ; 
 Hopeless of help from their own land and people, 
 They seek friendly tribes to find rest from their 
 woes. 
 
 To the fair borders of Croatoan Island, 
 Over the night-covered waters they flee ; 
 Seeking for safety with Manteo's people, 
 Leaving the word "Croatoan" on a tree.* 
 Name of the refuge in which they sought shelter, 
 Only the name of a tribe, nothing more ; * 
 Sign whereby those who would seek them might 
 
 follow 
 To their new home on the Croatoan' s shore. 
 
 See Appendix, Note /'. 
 
28 THE SEEDS OF TRUTH 
 
 Why did they leave the rude fort they had 
 
 builded ? 
 Why did they seek far away a new home? 
 O innocent babe ! Roanoak's lost nestling ! 
 How shall we learn where thy footsteps did roam ? 
 'Mid the rude tribes of the primeval forest, 
 Bearing the signet of Christ on thv brow, 
 Wert thou the teacher and guide of the savage? 
 Who, of thy mission, can aught tell us now ? 
 Through the dim ages comes only the perfume, 
 Left where the flowers of Truth fell to earth ; 
 With ne'er a gleaner to treasure the blossoms, 
 Save the sweet petals of baptism and birth. 
 Vainly we seek on Time's shore for thy footprints, 
 Hid in a mist of pathos is thy fate ; 
 Yet of a life under savage enchantment 
 Quaint Indian legends do strangely relate. 
 
THE LEGEND OF THE WHITE DOE 
 
THE REFUGEES 
 
 In the Land-of-Wind-and-Water, 
 Loud the sea bemoaned its sameness ; 
 Dashing shoreward with impatience 
 To explore the landward mysteries. 
 On the sand the waves spread boldly, 
 Vainly striving to reach higher ; 
 Then abashed by vain ambition, 
 Glided to their ordained duty. 
 There the pine-tree, tall and stately, 
 Whispered low the ocean's murmur ; 
 Strove to soothe the restless waters 
 With its lullaby of sighing. 
 There the tall and dank sea- grasses, 
 From the storm-tide gathered secrets 
 Of the caverns filled with treasures, 
 Milky pearls and tinted coral, 
 Stores of amber and of jacinth, 
 In the caves festooned with sea-weed, 
 Where the Sea-King held his revels 
 And the Naiads danced in beauty. 
 
 31 
 
32 THE REFUGEES 
 
 In this Land-of-Wind-and-Water, 
 Dowered with the sunshine's splendor, 
 Juicy grapes grew in profusion, 
 Draping all the trees with greenness, 
 And the maize grew hard and yellow, 
 With the sunshine in its kernels. 
 Through the forest roamed the black bear, 
 And the red deer boldly herded ; 
 Through the air flew birds of flavor, 
 And the sea was full of fishes, 
 Till the Red Man knew no hunger, 
 And his wigwam hung with trophies. 
 
 There brave Man-te-o, the Faithful, 
 Ruled the Cro-a-to-ans with firmness, 
 Dwelt in peace beside the waters, 
 Smoked his pipe beneath the pine-tree, 
 Gazed will) pride upon his bear-skins 
 Which hung ready for the winter. 
 Told his people all the marvels 
 Of the Land-of-the- Pale-Faces ; 
 Of the ships with wings like sea-birds 
 Wherein he had crossed the water ; * 
 Of the Pale-Face Weroanza f 
 
 * See Appendix, Note /. f Queen Elizabeth. 
 

 S E C Q *Ti 
 
 tfr^T T A N 
 
 The Land 
 
THE REFUGEES 33 
 
 Whom he saw in her own country ; 
 
 Of her robes of silken texture, 
 
 Of her wisdom and her power ; 
 
 Told them of her warlike people 
 
 And their ships which breathed the lightning. 
 
 How he pledged with them a friendship, 
 
 Hoping they would come to teach him 
 
 How to make his people mighty, 
 
 How to make them strong in battle 
 
 So the other tribes would fear them. 
 
 And the dream of future greatness 
 
 Filled the Cro-a-to-ans with courage ; 
 
 And their hearts grew warm and friendly 
 
 To the race of white-faced strangers. 
 
 When bold white men came among them, 
 To the isle of Ro-a-no-ak, 
 Man-te-o, the friendly Weroance, 
 Faithful proved to all his pledges. 
 Smoked with them the pipe of friendship, 
 Took their God to be his Father ; 
 Took upon his swarthy forehead 
 Their strange emblem of salvation,* 
 Emblem of the One Great Spirit, 
 Father of all tribes and nations. 
 
 * See Appendix, Note f. 
 3 
 
34 THE REFUGEES 
 
 Man-te-o, the friend and brother, 
 Bade them fear the false Wan-ches-e, 
 And the Weroance Win-gin-a, 
 Whose hearts burned with bitter hatred 
 For the men they feared in combat, 
 For the strangers who defied them. 
 
 'fc> 
 
 When the Pale-Face, weak and hungry, 
 Feeble from continued labor, 
 Shivered in the blasts of winter 
 Which blew cold across the water, 
 Then Wan-ches-e planned their ruin, 
 With Win-gin-a sought to slay them. 
 
 To the isle of Ro-a-no-ak, 
 Where the Pale-Face slept unguarded, 
 Sped the swift canoes of Red Men, 
 Gliding through the silent shadows. 
 As the sky grew red with dawning,* 
 While they dreamed of home and kindred, 
 Suddenly with whoop of murder 
 Wily Indians swarmed around them. 
 
 Skill of Pale-Face, craft of Red Man, 
 Met in fierce, determined battle ; 
 
 * See Appendix, Note m. 
 
Man-te-o, a chiefe lorde of Roanoak 
 
THE REFUGEES 35 
 
 While within the Fort called Ralegh 
 Many arrows fell, like raindrops. 
 Arrows tipped with serpent's poison, 
 Arrows tipped with blazing rosin, 
 Winged with savage thirst for murder, 
 Aimed with cruel skill to torture. 
 Threatened by the blazing roof-tree 
 Then the Pale-Face crouched in terror ; 
 Saw the folly of resistance, 
 Feared his doom, and fled for safety. 
 
 Man-te-o, alert for danger, 
 From afar saw signs of conflict ; 
 Saw the waves of smoke ascending 
 Heavenward, like prayers for rescue. 
 Swift, with boats and trusty warriors, 
 Crossed he then to Ro-a-no-ak ; 
 Strong to help his Pale-Face brothers, 
 Faithful to his friendly pledges. 
 
 As the daylight slowly faded, 
 Hopeless of the bloody struggle, 
 Stealthily the Pale-Face warriors 
 Fled with Man-te-o' s brave people. 
 Left they then the Fort called Ralegh, 
 Left the dead within its stockade ; 
 
3 6 THE REFUGEES 
 
 Sought another island refuge, 
 Hoping there to rest in safety. 
 
 Man-te-o sought for the mother,* 
 She with babe there born and nurtured 
 'Neath the shadow of disaster, 
 In the Land-of-Wind-and-Water. 
 "Come," said he, "the darkness falleth, 
 All your people must flee henceward ; 
 Wan-ches-e will show no mercy, 
 You must not become his captive. 
 Take the papoose from thy bosom, 
 Call the white chief whom thou lovest, 
 Haste with me upon the flood-tide 
 To my wigwam on Wo-ko-kon." 
 
 Noiseless, she amid the conflict 
 Sought her heart's mate to flee with her ; 
 Useless all the strife and courage, 
 Useless all the rude home-making ; 
 Shrine for worship, fort for safety, 
 Hope of future peace and plenty, 
 All were vain ; yet life we cherish, 
 Far above all boons we hold it : 
 So she hastened on her mission 
 For the life of self and loved ones. 
 
 * Eleanor Dare. 
 
THE REFUGEES 37 
 
 As they neared the island border, 
 Pale-Face husband, child, and mother, 
 Man-te-o in silence leading, 
 Every sense alive to danger, 
 Suddenly the Pale-Face father 
 Thought him of the parting caution 
 Given by their absent leader : 
 If they fled in search of safety 
 On a tree to leave a token, 
 Whereby he might surely find them, 
 In the land which gave them shelter, 
 When he came again to seek them/ 
 
 By his side a sturdy live-oak 
 Spread its green, protecting branches ; 
 Quick he strove to carve the token 
 Which should speak to all who followed. 
 C. R. O., in bold, plain letters * 
 Cut he in the tree's firm body, 
 When a random, poisoned arrow 
 Pierced his heart, and he fell lifeless. 
 
 With a smothered cry of horror, 
 In an agony of sorrow, 
 
 * See Appendix, Note k. 
 
38 THE REFUGEES 
 
 She would fain have lingered near him, 
 But that Man-te-o urged onward. 
 If discovered, flight was futile, 
 Weakness now meant worse disaster ; 
 She must save her helpless baby 
 Though her heart be rent with anguish. 
 
 Frantic with love's desolation, 
 
 Strong with thoughts of home and father, 
 
 With a woman's wondrous calmness 
 
 When great peril calls for action, 
 
 Safe she placed the sleeping infant 
 
 'Cross the brawny arms of Man-te-o, 
 
 While with knife drawn from his girdle 
 
 Carved she on another live-oak 
 
 Plain, the one word " CROATOAN" * 
 
 As a sign to all her people. 
 
 Trusting all to savage friendship, 
 
 Cutting hope with every letter, 
 
 Praying God to guide her father 
 
 To the haven she was seeking. 
 
 Trust is woman's strongest bulwark, 
 All true manhood yields unto it. 
 
 * See Appendix, Note k. 
 
THE REFUGEES 39 
 
 As her sad eyes turned upon him 
 Man-te-o was moved with pity 
 For the brave and tender woman, 
 Friendless in the land without him. 
 
 On the brow of Pale-Face baby 
 First he made the Holy Cross-Sign ; 
 Then upon the sad-eyed mother 
 Traced the sign her people taught him ; 
 Then again the sacred symbol 
 Outlined on his own dark forehead ; 
 And with open hand uplifted 
 Sealed his promise of protection ; 
 Linking thus his pledge of safety 
 With her faith in Unseen Power. 
 
 Mute with grief, she trusted in him ; 
 In his boat they crossed the water, 
 While the night fell like a mantle 
 Spread in mercy to help save them. 
 
 When in Cro-a-to-an they landed, 
 There they found the few survivors 
 Of that day of doom to many, 
 Glad once more to greet each other. 
 Man-te-o within his wigwam 
 
4 o THE REFUGEES 
 
 From the cold wind gave them shelter, 
 Shared with them his furry bear-skins, 
 Made them warm, and warmth gave courage 
 To meet life's relentless duties. 
 
 Then he summoned all the people, 
 Called the old men and the young men, 
 Bade the squaws to come and listen, 
 Showed the papoose to the women. 
 They gazed on its tender whiteness, 
 Stroked the mother's flaxen tresses ; 
 "'Tis a snow-papoose" they whispered, 
 " It will melt when comes the summer." 
 
 Man-te-o said to the warriors : 
 "Ye all know these Pale-Face people 
 Whom Wan-ches-e sought to murder, 
 They have often made us welcome. 
 Brave their hearts, but few are living, 
 If left friendless these will perish ; 
 We have store of corn and venison, 
 They are hungry, let us feed them ; 
 They have lightning for their arrows, 
 Let them teach us how to shoot it. 
 They with us shall search the forest, 
 And our game shall be abundant ; 
 
THE REFUGEES 41 
 
 Let them teach us their strange wisdom 
 And become with us one people." 
 
 And the old men, grave in counsel, 
 And the young men, mute with deference, 
 While the uppowoc * was burning, 
 Pondered on his words thus spoken, 
 And to Man-te-o gave answer : 
 "All your words are full of wisdom; 
 We will share with them our venison, 
 They shall be as our own people." 
 
 From the isle of Ro-a-no-ak 
 Thus the Pale-Face fled for succor, 
 Thus in Cro-a-to-an's fair borders 
 Found a home with friendly Red Men. 
 Nevermore to see white faces, 
 Nevermore to see their home-land, 
 Yet to all the future ages 
 Sending proof of honest daring ; 
 Forging thus a link of effort 
 In the chain of human progress. 
 
 * Tobacco. 
 
 IT 
 
II 
 
 THE PALE-FACE MAIDEN 
 
 Nature feels no throb of pity, 
 Makes no pause for human heartbreak ; 
 Though with agony we quiver, 
 She gives forth no sign of feeling. 
 Waxed and waned the moon, in season, 
 Ebbed and flowed the tides obedient ; 
 Summers filled the land with plenty, 
 Winters chilled the summers' ardor. 
 No winged ships gleamed in the offing ; 
 No Pale-Faces sought their kindred ; 
 In the Land-of-Wind-and-Water 
 Roamed the Red Man unmolested. 
 
 While the babe of Ro-a-no-ak 
 Grew in strength and wondrous beauty ; 
 Like a flower of the wildwood, 
 Bloomed beside the Indian maidens. 
 And Wi-no-na Ska* they called her, 
 She of all the maidens fairest. 
 
 - Literally, "first-born white daughter." 
 42 
 
THE PALE-FACE MAIDEN 43 
 
 In the tangles of her tresses 
 
 Sunbeams lingered, pale and yellow ; 
 
 In her eyes the limpid blueness 
 
 Of the noonday sky was mirrored. 
 
 And the squaws of darksome features 
 
 Smiled upon her fair young beauty ; 
 
 Felt their woman hearts within them 
 
 Warming to the Pale-Face maiden. 
 
 And the braves, who scorned all weakness, 
 
 Listened to her artless prattle, 
 
 While their savage natures softened, 
 
 Of the change themselves unconscious. 
 
 Like the light of summer morning 
 Beaming on a world in slumber 
 Was the face of young Wi-no-na 
 To the Cro-a-to-ans who loved her. 
 She, whose mind bore in its dawning 
 Impress of developed races, 
 To the rude, untutored savage 
 Seemed divinely 'dowed with reason. 
 She, the heir of civilization, 
 They, the slaves of superstition, 
 Gave to her a silent rev'rence, 
 Growing better with such giving. 
 
44 THE PALE-FACE MAIDEN 
 
 Oft she told them that the Cross-Sign, 
 Made by Man-te-o before them 
 When he talked to his own nation, 
 Was the symbol of a Spirit 
 Great, and good, and wise, and loving ; 
 He who kept the maize-fields fruitful, 
 He who filled the sea with fishes, 
 He who made the sun to warm them 
 And sent game to feed His children. 
 
 If, when in their games or councils, 
 
 They grew quarrelsome and angry, 
 
 Suddenly among them standing 
 
 Was a maiden like the sunrise, 
 
 Making with her taper finger 
 
 This strange sign which they respected ; 
 
 And without a word of pleading 
 
 Strife and wrath would no more vex them, 
 
 While the influence of her presence 
 
 Lingered 'round them like enchantment. 
 
 Thus the babe of Ro-a-no-ak 
 Grew to be the joy and teacher 
 Of a tribe of native heathen 
 
THE PALE-FACE MAIDEN 45 
 
 In the land which gave her shelter. 
 And the tide of her affections 
 Flowed to those who gave her friendship ; 
 Whom alone she knew as human, 
 Whom to her became as kindred. 
 
Ill 
 
 SAVAGE SORCERY 
 
 Man-to-ac, the Mighty Father, 
 
 When he rilled the earth with blessings, 
 
 Deep within the heart of Woman 
 
 Hid the burning Need-of-Loving ; 
 
 Which through her should warm the ages 
 
 With a flame of mutual feeling, 
 
 Throbbing through her sons and daughters 
 
 With a force beyond their power. 
 
 And this law of human loving, 
 
 Changeless through unending changes, 
 
 Fills each living heart with yearning 
 
 For another heart to love it ; 
 
 And against this ceaseless craving 
 
 Creed, nor clime, nor color standeth ; 
 
 Heart to heart all nature crieth 
 
 That the earth may thrill with gladness. 
 
 So the young braves of the nation, 
 Thrilled with love for fair Wi-no-na, 
 Made rude ornaments to please her, 
 4 6 
 
SAVAGE SORCERY 47 
 
 Laid the red deer at her wigwam. 
 Brought her skins of furry rabbits 
 Soft and white as her own skin was ; 
 Robbed the black bear and the otter 
 That her bed might soft and warm be. 
 And the children of the forest 
 
 Were uplifted by such loving 
 
 Of a higher type of being, 
 
 Who yet throbbed with human instincts. 
 
 Brave O-kis-ko loved the maiden 
 
 With a love which made him noble ; 
 
 With the love that self-forgetting 
 
 Fills the soul with higher impulse. 
 
 As the sun with constant fervor, 
 
 Heat and light to earth bestowing, 
 
 Seeks for no return of blessing, 
 
 Feels no loss for all his giving, 
 
 So O-kis-ko loved Wi-no-na, 
 
 Gave her all his heart's rude homage, 
 
 Felt no loss for all his giving, 
 
 Loved her for the joy of loving. 
 
 Scorned he all fatigue and danger 
 
 Which would bring her food or pleasure ; 
 
 And each day brought proof of fealty, 
 
 For his deeds were more than language. 
 
4 8 SAVAGE SORCERY 
 
 For her sake he tried to fasten 
 
 To his rude canoe white pinions 
 
 Like the winged ships of the white man, 
 
 That with her he might sail boldly 
 
 Out towards the rosy sunrise, 
 
 Seeking for her lost grandsire * 
 
 For whose coming her heart saddened. 
 
 Though his red companions mocked him, 
 
 His endeavor pleased the maiden, 
 
 And her eyes beamed kindly on him, 
 
 Though no passion stirred her pulses. 
 
 For sweet maiden hopes and fancies 
 
 Filled her life with happy dreaming 
 
 Ere her woman's heart awakened 
 
 To O-kis-ko's patient waiting. 
 
 Waiting for her eyes to brighten 
 
 'Neath the ardor of his glances ; 
 
 Waiting for her soul to quicken 
 
 With the answer to his longing ; 
 
 Finding sweet content in silence, 
 
 Glad each day to see and serve her. 
 
 Now old Chi-co, the Magician, 
 Also loved the fair Wi-no-na, 
 
 * Governor White, of the lost colony. 
 
SAVAGE SORCERY 49 
 
 All his youth to him returning 
 As he gazed upon her beauty. 
 In his wigwam pelt of gray wolf, 
 Antlers of the deer and bison, 
 Hung to prove his deeds of valor ; 
 And he wooed the gentle maiden 
 With his cunning tales of prowess. 
 
 She would not rebuke his boasting, 
 Fearful lest her words offend him ; 
 For her nature kind and loving 
 Could not scorn the vaunting Chi-co. 
 
 When he walked among the maidens, 
 Gay with paint and decked with feathers, 
 She would look on him with kindness 
 That the others might not scoff him ; 
 She would smile upon his weakness, 
 Though she did not wish to wed him. 
 
 Chi-co' s love was fierce as fire 
 Which from flame yields only ashes ; 
 Which gives not for joy of giving, 
 But demands unceasing tribute, 
 More and more to feed its craving. 
 He grew eager and impatient, 
 4 
 
5° 
 
 SAVAGE SORCERY 
 
 He would share with none her favor ; 
 All for him her eyes must brighten, 
 Else his frown would blight her pleasure. 
 
 When the young men played or wrestled, 
 
 If O-kis-ko came out victor ; 
 
 Or returning with the hunters 
 
 He it was who bore the stag home ; 
 
 If with eyes abrim with pleasure 
 
 Sweet Wi-no-na smiled upon him, 
 
 Or with timid maiden shyness 
 
 Drooped her eyes beneath his glances, 
 
 Then old Chi-co's heart would wither 
 
 With the fire of jealous fury, 
 
 Till at length in bitter anger 
 
 He determined none should win her, 
 
 As from him she turned in coldness. 
 
 Wrapped in silence grim and sullen, 
 Much he wandered near the water ; 
 With his soul he took dark counsel, 
 Seeking for devices cruel 
 For the torture of his rival 
 And destruction of the maiden. 
 
 Though he rarely used his power, 
 Chi-co was a great magician. 
 
SAVAGE SORCERY 5 1 
 
 He knew all the spells of starlight 
 And the link 'tween moon and water ; 
 Knew the language of lost spirits 
 And the secret of their power ; 
 Knew the magic words and symbols 
 Whereby man may conquer nature. 
 
 Long he plotted,— much he brooded, 
 While he gathered from the water 
 Mussel-pearls all streaked and pieded,* 
 All with rays like purple halos. 
 
 Such pearls are the souls of Naiads 
 Who have disobeyed the Sea-King, 
 And in mussel-shells are prisoned 
 For this taint of human frailty. 
 When by man released from durance 
 These souls, grateful for their freedom, 
 Are his slaves, and ever render 
 Good or evil at his bidding. 
 
 Chi-co steeped each one he gathered 
 
 In a bath of mystic brewing ; 
 
 Told each purple, pieded pearl-drop 
 
 * See Appendix, Note 
 
5 2 SAVAGE SORCERY 
 
 What the evil was he plotted. 
 Never once his purpose wavered, 
 Never once his fury lessened ; 
 Nursing vengeance as a guerdon 
 While the mussel-pearls he polished. 
 
 Then a new canoe he fashioned, 
 
 Safe, and strong, and deep he made it ; * 
 
 And then sought to work his magic 
 
 On the innocent Wi-no-na ; 
 
 Asked the maiden to go with him 
 
 In his boat across the water. 
 
 " Come," said he, " to Ro-a-no-ak, 
 
 Where the waves are white with blossoms, 
 
 Where the grapes hang ripe in clusters, 
 
 Come with me and drink their juices." 
 
 And the innocent Wi-no-na 
 Listened to his artful pleading ; 
 Went with him in search of pleasure, 
 Glad to show him friendly feeling. 
 
 While with idle stroke they floated 
 To the fragrant lily-blossoms, 
 
 * See Appendix, Note o. 
 
SAVAGE SORCERY 53 
 
 He a string of pearls gave to her, 
 Smooth and polished, pied and purple. 
 'Round her snowy neck she placed them 
 With no thought of harm or cunning ; 
 And with simple, maiden speeches 
 Filled the time as they sped onward. 
 
 To each pearl had Chi-co chanted, 
 Each had bathed in mystic water, 
 Each held fast the same weird power, 
 Till the time grew ripe for evil. 
 On the waves they could not harm her, 
 There the Sea-King ruled them ever ; 
 But when on the shore she landed 
 They would work their evil mission. 
 
 On the shore of Ro-a-no-ak 
 
 Chi-co sent his boat with vigor. 
 
 Lithe and happy she sprang shoreward, 
 
 When, — from where her foot first lightly 
 
 Pressed the sand with human imprint, — 
 
 On — away — towards the thicket, 
 
 Sprang a White Doe, fleet and graceful. 
 
 His revenge thus wrought in safety, 
 Drifting seaward Chi-co chanted : 
 
54 
 
 SAVAGE SORCERY 
 
 " Go, White Doe, hide in the forest, 
 Feed upon the sweet wild-grasses ; 
 No winged arrow e'er shall harm you, 
 No Red Hunter e'er shall win you ; 
 Roam forever, fleet and fearless, 
 Living free and yet in fetters." 
 
 O fair maiden ! born and nurtured 
 'Neath the shadow of disaster ! 
 Isle of Fate was Ro-a-no-ak, 
 In the Land-of-Wind-and-Water. 
 Nevermore to fill with gladness 
 The sad heart of stricken mother ; 
 Nevermore to hear the wooing 
 Of the brave and true O-kis-ko. 
 Gone thy charm of youthful beauty, 
 Gone tin- sway o'er savage natures ; 
 Doomed to flee before the hunter, 
 Doomed to roam the lonely island, 
 Doomed to bondage e'en in freedom. 
 Is the seal of doom eternal ? 
 Hath the mussel-pearl all power? 
 Cannot love thv fetters loosen? 
 
 f 
 
IV 
 
 THE COUNTER-CHARM 
 
 Man-te-o and all his warriors 
 Long and far sought for Wi-no-na ; 
 Sought to find the sky-eyed maiden 
 Sent by Man-to-ac, the Mighty, 
 To the Cro-a-to-ans to bless them, 
 And to make them wise and happy. 
 As a being more than mortal, 
 As a deity they held her ; 
 And when no more seen among them 
 Lamentations filled the island. 
 Through Wo-ko-kon's sandy stretches, 
 Through the bog-lands of Po-mou-ik, 
 Even unto Das-a-mon-que-peu, 
 Hunted they the missing maiden ; 
 If perchance some other nation, 
 Envious of their peace and plenty, 
 Had the maiden boldly captured, 
 For themselves to win her power. 
 Louder grew their lamentations 
 When they found no trail to follow ; 
 
 55 
 
56 THE COUNTER-CHARM 
 
 Wilder grew their threats of vengeance 
 'Gainst the tribe which held her captive. 
 
 While they wailed the Pale-Face Mother, 
 She who once was brave for love's sake, 
 Weak from hardships new and wearing, 
 Utterly bereft of kindred, 
 Her heart's comfort thus torn from her, 
 Died beneath her weight of sorrow. 
 And a pity, soft and human, 
 Though he knew no name to call it, 
 Thrilled the Red Man as he laid her 
 'Neath the forest leaves to slumber. 
 
 But the wary, wily Chi-cb 
 Told his secret unto no one, 
 While he listened to the stories, 
 Strange and true, told by the hunters 
 Of a fleet and graceful White Doe 
 On the banks of Ro-a-no-ak. 
 And the hunters said, no arrow 
 Howsoever aimed could reach her ; 
 Said the deer herd round her gathered, 
 And where e'er she led they followed. 
 
 The old women of the nation 
 
 Heard the tales about this White Doe. 
 
THE COUNTER-CHARM 57 
 
 Children they of superstition, 
 
 With their faith firm in enchantment, 
 
 Linked the going of the maiden 
 
 With the coming of the White Doe. 
 
 They believed in magic powers, 
 
 They knew Chi-co's hopeless passion, 
 
 So they shook their heads and whispered, 
 
 Looked mysterious at each other, 
 
 "Ho," they whispered to each other, 
 
 " Chi-co is a great Magician, 
 
 Chi-co should go hunt this White Doe ; 
 
 He is not too old for loving ; 
 
 Love keeps step with Youth and Courage ; 
 
 Old age should not make him tremble. 
 
 Timid is a doe, and gentle 
 
 Like a maiden, — like Wi-no-na. 
 
 Oho ! Oho !" and they chuckled, 
 
 Casting dark looks at old Chi-co, 
 
 "He," said they, "has 'witched our maiden." 
 
 When O-kis-ko heard the whispers 
 Of the garrulous old women, 
 Glad belief he gave unto them 
 That the Doe on Ro-a-no-ak 
 Was in truth the Pale-Face Maiden 
 Wrung from him by cruel magic. 
 
58 THE COUNTER-CHARM 
 
 He was not a gabbling boaster, 
 He could think and act in silence ; 
 And alone he roamed the island 
 Seeking this White Doe to capture, 
 So that he might tame and keep her 
 Near him to assuage his sorrow. 
 
 All in vain, — no hand could touch her. 
 All in vain, — no hunter won her. 
 Up the dunes of Ro-a-no-ak 
 Still she led the herd of wild deer. 
 
 Then O-kis-ko sought We-nau-don, 
 The Magician of Po-mou-ik.* 
 Gave him store of skins and wampum, 
 Promised all his greed demanded, 
 If he would restore the maiden, 
 Break the spell which held her spirit. 
 
 In his heart We-nau-don cherished 
 Hatred for his rival Chi-co 
 For some boyhood's cause of anger, 
 For defeat in public wrestling ; 
 And because of this he welcomed 
 
 * See Appendix, Note s. 
 
'r."_/< !'; '* 
 
THE COUNTER-CHARM 59 
 
 Now the time to vent his malice. 
 So he promised from enchantment 
 To release the captive maiden. 
 
 In the days of pristine nature, 
 
 In the dells of Ro-a-no-ak, 
 
 Bubbling from the earth's dark caverns, 
 
 Was a spring of magic water. 
 
 There the Naiads held their revels, 
 
 There in secret met their lovers ; 
 
 And they laid a spell upon it 
 
 Which should make true lovers happy ; 
 
 For to them true love was precious. 
 
 He who drank of it at midnight 
 When the Harvest Moon was brightest, 
 Using as a drinking-vessel 
 Skull-bowl of his greatest rival 
 Killed in open, honest combat, 
 And by summer sunshine whitened, 
 He gained youth perennial from it 
 And the heart he wished to love him. 
 
 He who bathed within its waters, 
 Having killed a dove while moaning, 
 
6o THE COUNTER-CHARM 
 
 And had killed no other creature 
 
 Since three crescent moons had rounded 
 
 Vowing to be kind and helpful 
 
 To the sad and weary-hearted : 
 
 He received the magic power 
 
 To undo all spells of evil 
 
 Which divided faithful lovers. 
 
 In this spring had bathed We-nau-don, 
 And he held its secrets sacred ; 
 But a feeling ever moved him 
 To make glad the heavy-hearted. 
 So he showed unto O-kis-ko 
 Where to find the magic water ; 
 With this counter-charm, he told him 
 How to free the charmed Wi-no-na : 
 
 " In a shark's tooth, long and narrow 
 
 In a closely wrought triangle, 
 
 Set three mussel-pearls of purple, 
 
 Smooth and polished with much rubbing. 
 
 To an arrow of witch-hazel, 
 
 New, and fashioned very slender, 
 
 Set the shark's tooth, long and narrow, 
 
 With its pearl-inlaid triangle. 
 
 From the wing of living heron 
 
THE COUNTER-CHARM 61 
 
 Pluck one feather, white and trusty ; 
 
 With this feather wing the arrow, 
 
 That it swerve not as it flyeth. 
 
 Fashioned thus with care and caution, 
 
 Let no mortal eye gaze on it ; 
 
 Tell no mortal of your purpose ; 
 
 Secretly at sunset place it 
 
 In the spring of magic water. 
 
 Let it rest there through three sunsets, 
 
 Then when sunrise gilds the tree-tops 
 
 Take it dripping from the water, 
 
 At the rising sun straight point it, 
 
 While three times these words repeating : 
 
 Mussel-pearl arrow, to her heart go ; 
 
 Loosen the fetters which bind the White Doe ; 
 
 Bring the lost maiden back to O-kis-ko. 
 
 With this arrow hunt the White Doe, 
 
 Have no timid fear of wounding ; 
 
 When her heart it enters boldly 
 
 Chi-co's charm will melt before it." 
 
 Every word O-kis-ko heeded, 
 Hope, once dead, now cheered his spirit. 
 From the sea three pearls he gathered ; 
 From the thicket brought witch-hazel 
 For the making of the arrow ; 
 
62 THE COUNTER-CHARM 
 
 From the heron's wing a feather 
 Plucked to true its speed in flying. 
 Patiently he cut and labored, 
 As for love's sake man will labor ; 
 Shaped the arrow, new and slender, 
 Set the pearls into the shark's tooth, 
 Fastened firm the heron's feather, 
 With a faith which mastered reason. 
 In the magic spring he steeped it, 
 Watching lest some eye should see it ; 
 Through three sunsets steeped and watched it 
 Three times o'er the charm repeated 
 While the sunrise touched the tree-tops ; 
 Then prepared to test its power. 
 
 * 
 
V 
 
 THE HUNT 
 
 In the Land-of-Wind-and-Water 
 Long the Summer-Glory lingered, 
 Loath to yield its ripened beauty 
 To the cold embrace of Winter. 
 And the greenness of the forest 
 Gave no sign of coming treason, 
 Till the White Frost without warning 
 Hung his banners from the tree-tops. 
 Then a blush of brilliant color 
 Decked each shrub with tinted beauty ; 
 Gold, and brown, and scarlet mingled 
 Till no color seemed triumphant; 
 And the Summer doomed to exile 
 Fled before the chilling Autumn. 
 
 While the glow of colors deepened, 
 The proud Weroance Win-gin-a, 
 Chief of Das-a-mon-gue-pue land, 
 Made a feast for all his people ; 
 Called them forth with bow and arrow 
 To a test of skill and valor. 
 
 63 
 
64 THE HUNT 
 
 He was weary of the mysteries 
 Whispered of the famous White Doe, 
 Whose strange courage feared no hunter, 
 For no arrow ever reached her. 
 "Ha!" said he, "a skilful hunter 
 Is not daunted by a white doe ; 
 Craven hearts make trembling fingers, 
 Arrows fail when shot by cowards. 
 / will shoot this doe so fearless, 
 Her white skin shall be my mantle,* 
 Her white meat shall serve for feasting, 
 And my braves shall cease from fearing. 
 From the fields the maize invites us, 
 Sturgeons have been fat and plenty. 
 We are weary of fish-eating, 
 We will feast on meat of white deer." 
 
 Messengers of invitation 
 Sent he to the other nations, 
 Saying, "Come and hunt the White Doe, 
 Bring your surest, fleetest arrows ; 
 We will eat the meat of white deer, 
 We will drink the purple grape-juice, 
 Burn the uppowoc in pipe-bowls, 
 While we shame the trembling hunters." 
 
 * See Appendix, Note/. 
 
THE HUNT 65 
 
 But the Cro-a-to-ans kept silence, 
 
 Sent no answer to his greeting. 
 
 They believed the charmed White Doe 
 
 Was Wi-no-na Ska's pure spirit, 
 
 Who in freedom still was happy, 
 
 And they would not wound or harm her, 
 
 They would shoot no arrows at her, 
 
 Nor help feast upon her body. 
 
 Then O-kis-ko answered boldly ; 
 
 " I will go and hunt this White Doe, 
 
 I will shoot from my own ambush, 
 
 I will take my fleetest arrow." 
 
 And the men and women wondered, 
 
 For they knew his former loving. 
 
 But O-kis-ko kept his secret, 
 
 Showed no one his new-made arrow ; 
 
 'Round his shoulders threw a mantle 
 
 Made of skins of many sea-gulls, 
 
 So that he could hide his arrow, 
 
 And no mortal eye could see it 
 
 Till he sent it on its mission 
 
 Winged with magic, fraught with mercy. 
 
 Thus he went to Ro-a-no-ak, 
 Love, and hope, and faith impelling, 
 5 
 
66 THE HUNT 
 
 Conscious of his aim unerring, 
 Trusting in the arrow's power. 
 
 From Po-mou-ik came Wan-ches-e, 
 For the hunt and feast impatient, 
 Boasting of his skill and valor, 
 Saying in his loud vainglory : 
 "I will teach the braves to shoot deer, 
 Young men now are not great hunters, 
 Hearts like squaws they have within them, 
 Nothing fears them but a papoose." 
 
 Wan-ches-e had crossed the water * 
 In the ships with wings like sea-birds, 
 And the Pale-Face Weroanza, 
 Whom he saw in her own country, 
 Him to please and show her friendship, 
 Gave an arrow-head of silver 
 To him as a mark of favor. 
 
 This he now brought proudly with him, 
 As of all his arrows fleetest ; 
 Bearing in its lustrous metal, 
 As he thought, some gift of power 
 
 * See Appendix, Note /. 
 
THE HUNT 67 
 
 From the mighty Weroanza 
 
 Which would bring success unto him ; 
 
 And the warriors all would praise him 
 
 As around the feast they gathered, 
 
 Saying as he walked among them : 
 
 " There is none like brave Wan-ches-e, 
 
 He can bend the bow with firmness, 
 
 He has arrow-points of silver, 
 
 And the White Doe falls before him." 
 
 And he polished well the arrow 
 
 Which he thought would bring him praises. 
 
 Where the deer were wont to wander 
 All the hunters took their stations, 
 While the stalkers sought the forest, 
 From its depths to start the deer-herd. 
 
 Near the shore Win-gin-a lingered 
 That he first might shoot his arrow, 
 And thus have the certain glory 
 Of the White Doe's death upon him. 
 
 By a pine-tree stood Wan-ches-e 
 With his silver arrow ready ; 
 While O-kis-ko, unseen, waited 
 Near by in his chosen ambush, 
 
68 THE HUNT 
 
 Where he oft had watched the White Doe, 
 Where he knew she always lingered. 
 
 Soon the stalkers with great shouting 
 Started up the frightened red deer ; 
 On they came through brake and thicket, 
 In the front the White Doe leading, 
 With fleet foot and head uplifted, 
 Daring all the herd to follow. 
 
 Easy seemed the task of killing, 
 
 So Win-gin-a twanged his bow-string, 
 
 But his arrow fell beside her 
 
 As she sprang away from danger. 
 
 Through the tanglewood, still onward, 
 Head uplifted, her feet scorning 
 All the wealth of bright-hued foliage 
 Which lay scattered in her pathway. 
 Up the high sand-dunes she bounded, 
 In her wake the whole herd followed, 
 While the arrows aimed from ambush 
 Fell around her ever harmless. 
 
 On she sped, towards the water, 
 Nostrils spread to sniff the sea-breeze ; 
 
THE HUNT 69 
 
 Through the air a whizzing arrow- 
 Flew, but did not touch the White Doe ; 
 But a stag beside her bounding 
 Wounded fell among the bushes, 
 And the herd fled in confusion, 
 Waiting now not for the leader. 
 
 On again, with leaping footsteps, 
 
 Tossing head turned to the sea-shore ; 
 
 For one fatal minute standing 
 
 Where the White Man's Fort had once stood ; 
 
 In her eyes came wistful gleamings 
 
 Like a lost hope's fleeting shadow. 
 
 While with graceful poise she lingered, 
 
 Swift, Wan-ches-e shot his arrow 
 
 Aimed with cruel thought to kill her ; 
 
 While from near and secret ambush, 
 
 With unerring aim, O-kis-ko 
 
 Forward sent his magic arrow, 
 
 Aimed with thought of love and mercy. 
 
 To her heart straight went both arrows, 
 And with leap of pain she bounded 
 From the earth, and then fell forward, 
 Prone, amidst the forest splendor. 
 
7o THE HUNT 
 
 O-kis-ko, with fond heart swelling, 
 Wan-ches-e, with pride exultant, 
 To the Doe both sprang to claim it, 
 Each surprised to see the other. 
 
 Suddenly, within the forest, 
 
 Spread a gleaming mist around them, 
 
 Like a dense white fog in summer, 
 
 So they scarce could grope their pathway. 
 
 Slowly, as if warmed by sunbeams, 
 
 From one spot the soft mist melted, 
 
 While within its bright' ning dimness, 
 
 With the misty halo 'round her, 
 
 Stood a beautiful white maiden, — 
 
 Stood the gentle, lost Wi-no-na. 
 
 Through her heart two arrows crosswise 
 Pierced the flesh with cruel wounding ; 
 Downward flowed the crimson blood-tide, 
 Staining red the snow-white doe-skin 
 Which with grace her form enveloped, 
 While her arms with pleading gesture 
 To O-kis-ko were outstretching. 
 
 As they gazed upon the vision, 
 All their souls with wonder filling ; 
 
THE HUNT 71 
 
 While the white mist slowly melted, 
 Prostrate fell the wounded maiden. 
 
 Then revealed was all the myst'ry, 
 Then they saw what had befallen. 
 To her heart the magic arrow 
 First had pierced, and lo ! Wi-no-na 
 Once more breathed in form of maiden. 
 
 But while yet the charm was passing 
 Came the arrow of Wan-ches-e ; 
 To her heart it pierced unerring, 
 Pierced the pearl-inlaid triangle, 
 Struck and broke the shark's tooth narrow, 
 Charm and counter-charm undoing ; 
 Leaving but a mortal maiden 
 Wounded past the hope of healing. 
 
 Woe to love, and hope, and magic ! 
 Woe to hearts whom death divideth ! 
 While upon her bleeding bosom 
 Fatal arrows made the Cross-Sign, 
 Wistful eyes she turned to Heaven ; 
 "O forget not your Wi-no-na," 
 Whispered she unto O-kis-ko, 
 As her soul passed to the silence. 
 
VI 
 
 THE SILVER ARROW 
 
 Fear seized on the bold Wan-ches-e 
 
 When he saw the Pale-Face maiden 
 
 Standing where had poised the White Doe, 
 
 Where the White Man's Fort had once stood. 
 
 He knew naught of magic arrows, 
 
 Nor O-kis-ko's secret mission ; 
 
 He saw only his own arrow 
 
 Piercing through her tender bosom. 
 
 Never doubting but the wonder 
 
 Which his awe-struck eyes had witnessed 
 
 Had been wrought by his own arrow, 
 
 Silver arrow from a far land, 
 
 Fashioned by the skill of Pale-Face, 
 
 Gift of Pale-Face Weroanza 
 
 To a race she willed to conquer. 
 
 All his hatred of the Pale-Face, 
 Fed by fear and superstition, 
 To him made this sudden vision 
 Seem an omen of the future, 
 
 72 
 
THE SILVER ARROW 73 
 
 When the Red Man, like the White Doe, 
 Should give place unto the Pale-Face, 
 And the Indian, like the white mist, 
 Fade from out his native forest. 
 All his courage seemed to weaken 
 With the dread of dark disaster ; 
 And with instincts strong for safety 
 Fled he from the place in terror. 
 
 Love hath not the fear of danger, 
 
 And O-kis-ko's faith in magic 
 
 Kept him brave to meet the changes 
 
 Which had each so quickly followed. 
 
 For he saw the human maiden 
 
 Where had stood the living White Doe ; 
 
 And he knew his hazel arrow, 
 
 Charmed with all We-nau-don's magic, 
 
 Had restored the lost W T i-no-na 
 
 To reward his patient loving. 
 
 But the conflict of two arrows, 
 Bringing death unto the maiden, 
 Was a deep and darksome myst'ry 
 Which his ignorance could not fathom. 
 All the cause of his undoing 
 Saw he in the silver arrow ; 
 
74 THE SILVER ARROW 
 
 So with true love's tireless effort, 
 Quick he strove to break its power. 
 
 From her heart he plucked the arrow, 
 Hastened to the magic water, 
 Hoping to destroy the evil 
 Which had stilled the maiden's pulses. 
 In the sparkling spring he laid it 
 So no spot was left uncovered, 
 So the full charm of the water 
 Might act on the blood-stained arrow. 
 
 As the blood-stains from it melted, 
 Blood of Pale-Face shed by Red Man, 
 Slowly, while he watched and waited, 
 All the sparkling water vanished ; 
 Dry became the magic fountain, 
 Leaving bare the silver arrow. 
 
 Was it thus the spell would weaken 
 Which had wrought his love such evil? 
 Would she be again awakened 
 When he sought her in the thicket? 
 Must he shoot this arrow at her 
 To restore her throbbing pulses ? 
 
THE SILVER ARROW 75 
 
 Must he seek again We-nau-don 
 To make warm her icy beauty? 
 
 While he of himself sought guidance, 
 Sought to know the hidden meaning 
 Of the mysteries he witnessed ; 
 Lo ! another mystic wonder 
 Met his eyes as he sat musing. 
 
 From the arrow made by Pale-Face, 
 As th' enchanted water left it, 
 Sprang a tiny shoot with leaflets 
 Pushing upward to the sunlight 
 
 Did the arrow dry the fountain 
 
 With the blight of death it carried? 
 
 Or in going, had the water 
 
 Left a charm upon the arrow? 
 
 Did the heart-blood of the Pale-Face 
 
 From the arrow in the water 
 
 Cause the coming of the green shoot, 
 
 Which reached upward to the sunlight? 
 
 All O-kis-ko's love and courage 
 Could not give him greater knowledge. 
 Savage mind could not unravel 
 All the meaning of this marvel. 
 
76 THE SILVER ARROW 
 
 Fear forbade him touch the arrow 
 
 Lest he should destroy the green shoot; 
 
 So he left the tender leaflets 
 
 Reaching upward to the sunlight, 
 
 Sought again the lifeless maiden 
 
 For whose love his soul had hungered ; 
 
 Knelt beside her in the forest, 
 
 With the awe of death upon him, 
 
 Which in heathen as in Christian 
 
 Moves the human soul to worship. 
 
 All his faith in savage magic 
 Turned to frenzy at his failure ; 
 And the helplessness of mortals 
 Pressed upon him like a burden ; 
 While a mighty longing seized him 
 For a knowledge of the Unknown, 
 For a light to pierce the Silence 
 Into which none enter living. 
 And unconsciously his spirit 
 Rose in quest of Might Supernal, 
 Which should rule both dead and living, 
 Leaving naught to chance or magic ; 
 Which should seize the throbbing pulses 
 Ebbing from a dying mortal, 
 And create a higher being 
 
THE SILVER ARROW 77 
 
 Free from thrall of earthly nature ; 
 Almost grasping in his yearning 
 Knowledge of the God Eternal, 
 In whose hand the earth lies helpless, 
 In whose heart all souls find refuge. 
 
 But no light came to O-kis-ko ; 
 
 Still the burden pressed upon him, 
 
 And a pall of hopeless yearning 
 
 Wrapped his soul in voiceless sorrow 
 
 As he gazed upon the maiden 
 
 With death's mysteries enfolded. 
 
 Then he made upon her bosom 
 
 The strange Cross-Sign she had taught him ; 
 
 From his shoulders took the mantle 
 
 Made of skins of many sea-gulls, 
 
 Gently wrapped the maiden in it, 
 
 Heaped the tinted leaves about her ; 
 
 Leaving all his own life's brightness 
 
 With her where the shadows darkened. 
 
 * * * 
 
 * * * * * 
 
 Thus the ancient legend runneth, with its plaint 
 
 of hopeless doom, 
 Bearing in its heart the fragrance of the Truth's 
 
 enduring bloom, 
 
78 THE SILVER ARROW 
 
 Standing in the light of knowledge, where de- 
 veloped ages meet, 
 We can read the mystic omens which O-kis-ko's 
 
 eyes did greet. 
 And to us they seem the symbols of what coming 
 
 ages brought, 
 Realization gives the answer, which in vain the 
 
 Savage sought. 
 For we know the silver arrow, fatal to all 
 
 sorcery, 
 Was the gleaming light of Progress speeding 
 
 from across the sea, 
 Before which the Red Man vanished, shrinking 
 
 from its silvery light 
 As the magic waters yielded to the silver arrow's 
 
 blight. 
 And the tiny shoot with leaflets, by the sunlight 
 
 warmed to life, 
 Was the Vine of Civilization in the wilderness 
 
 of strife ; 
 With no friendly hand to tend it, yet it grew 
 
 midst slight and wrong, 
 Taking root in other places,* — growing green, 
 
 and broad, and strong, 
 
 * Jamestown and Plymouth Rock. 
 
THE SILVER ARROW 79 
 
 Till its vigor knew no weakness, with its branches 
 
 flower-fraught, 
 Till a prosp'rous land it sheltered where th' 
 
 oppressed a refuge sought, 
 Till its fruit made all who labored 'neath its 
 
 shade both bold and free, 
 Till a people dwelt beneath it strong to meet 
 
 their destiny. 
 
 Now beneath its spreading branches dwells a 
 
 nation brave and free, 
 Raising glad, triumphant paeans for the boon of 
 
 Liberty ; 
 Holding fast the Holy Cross-Sign, — Lleirs of Duty 
 
 and of Light, — 
 Still they speed the arrow, Progress, on its civilizing 
 
 flight ; 
 Keeping bright the Fires of Freedom, where Man, 
 
 Brotherhood may know, 
 For God's breath upon the altar keeps the sacred 
 
 flame aglow. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Note a. — "We viewed the land about us, being where 
 we first landed very sandy and low towards the water side, 
 but so full of grapes as the very beating and surge of the 
 sea overflowed them, of which we found such plenty, as 
 well there as in all places else, both on the sand and on 
 the green soil, on the hills as in the plains, as well on 
 every little shrub, as also climbing towards the tops of 
 high cedars, that I think in all the world the like abun- 
 dance is not to be found." — First voyage of Amadas and 
 Bar/owe, 1584. From Hakluyt. 
 
 Note b. — "The second of July we found shoal water, 
 where we smelled so sweet and so strong a smell as if we 
 had been in the midst of some delicate garden abounding 
 with all kinds of odoriferous flowers, by which we were 
 assured that the land could not be far distant." — First 
 voyage of Amadas and Barlowe, 1584. 
 
 Note c. — "Deer, in some places there are great store: 
 near unto the seacoast they are of the ordinary bigness 
 of ours in England, and some less : but further up into 
 the country where there is better feed, they are greater." 
 — Harriot' s Report. 
 
 6 81 
 
82 APPENDIX 
 
 Note d. — "The Governor (John White) with divers of 
 his company, walked to the north end of the island, 
 where Master Ralph Lane had his fort, with sundry- 
 necessary and decent dwelling houses, made by his men 
 about it, the year before, where we hoped to find some 
 signs, or certain knowledge of our fifteen men. When 
 we» came thither we found the fort razed down, but all 
 the houses standing unhurt, saving that the neather rooms 
 of them, and also of the fort, were overgrown with melons 
 of divers sorts, and deer within them, feeding on those 
 melons ; so we returned to our company, without hope 
 of ever seeing any of the fifteen alive." — Hakluyt. 
 
 Note e. — "At our first landing they seemed as though 
 they would fight with us, but perceiving us begin to march 
 with our shot towards them, they turned their backs and 
 fled. Then Manteo, their countryman, called to them in 
 their own language, whom, as soon as they heard, they 
 returned, and threw away their bows and arrows, and 
 some of them came unto us embracing and entertaining 
 us friendly, desiring us not to gather or spoil any of their 
 corn, for that they had but little. We answered them 
 that neither their corn nor any other thing of theirs 
 should be diminished by any of us, and that our coming 
 was only to renew the old love, that was between us and 
 them at the first, and to live with them as brethren and 
 friends ; which answer seemed to please them well, where- 
 fore they requested us to walk up to their town, who there 
 feasted us after their manner, and desired us earnestly 
 
APPENDIX 83 
 
 that there might be some token or badge given them of 
 us, whereby we might know them to be our friends," 
 etc. 
 
 "And also we understood by them of Croatoan, how 
 that the fifteen Englishmen left at Roanoak the year 
 before, by Sir Richard Grenville, were suddenly set upon 
 by thirty of the men of Secota, Aquoscogoc, and Dasa- 
 monguepeuc, in manner following. They conveyed them- 
 selves secretly behind the trees, near, the houses where 
 our men carelessly lived, and having perceived that of 
 those fifteen they could see but eleven only, two of those 
 savages appeared to the eleven Englishmen, calling to 
 them by friendly signs that but two of their chief men 
 should come unarmed to speak with those two savages, 
 who seemed also to be unarmed. Wherefore two of the 
 chiefest of our Englishmen went gladly to them ; but 
 whilst one of those savages traitorously embraced one 
 of our men, the other with his sword of wood, which 
 he had secretly hidden under his mantle, struck him on 
 the head and slew him, and presently the other eight and 
 twenty savages shewed themselves ; the other Englishman 
 perceiving this, fled to his company, whom the savages 
 pursued with their bows and arrows so fast that the English- 
 men were forced to take the house, wherein all their 
 victuals and weapons were ; but the savages forthwith 
 set the same on fire, by means whereof our men were 
 forced to take up such weapons as came first to hand, 
 and without order to run forth among the savages, with 
 whom they skirmished above an hour. In this skirmish 
 another of our men was shot into the mouth with an arrow, 
 
84 APPENDIX 
 
 where he died ; and also one of the savages was shot into 
 the side by one of our men, with a wild fire arrow, whereof 
 he died presently. The place where they fought was of 
 great advantage to the savages, by means of the thick 
 trees, behind which the savages through their nimbleness 
 defended themselves, and so offended our men with their 
 arrows, that our men, being some of them hurt, retired 
 fighting to the water side where their boat lay, with which 
 they fled towards Hatorask. By that time they had rowed 
 but a quarter of a mile, they espied their four fellows 
 coming from a creek thereby, where they had been to 
 fetch oysters ; these four they received into their boat, 
 leaving Roanoak, and landed on a little island on the 
 right hand of our entrance into the harbor of Hatorask, 
 where they remained awhile, but afterwards departed, 
 whither as yet we know not." — Hakluyt. 
 
 Note f. — "The thirteenth of August, our savage, 
 Manteo, by the commandment of Sir Walter Raleigh, 
 was christened in Roanoak, and called Lord thereof, and 
 of Dasamonguepeuc, in reward of his faithful services." 
 — Hakluyt. 
 
 Note g. — "The eighteenth, Eleanor, daughter to the 
 Governor, and wife to Ananias Dare, one of the assistants, 
 was delivered of a daughter, in Roanoak, and the same 
 was christened there the Sunday following, and because 
 this child was the first Christian born in Virginia, she was 
 named Virginia. ' ' — Hakluyt. 
 
APPENDIX 85 
 
 Note h. — "The twenty-second of August, the whole 
 company, both of the assistants and planters, came to 
 the Governor, and with one voice requested him to return 
 himself into England, for the better and sooner obtaining 
 of supplies and other necessaries for them ; but he refused 
 it, and alleged many sufficient causes why he would 
 not. . . . The next day, not only the assistants, 
 but divers others, as well women as men, began to 
 renew their requests to the Governor again, to take upon 
 him to return into England for the supplies and dispatch 
 of all such things as there were to be done. . . . 
 The Governor being at the last, through their extreme 
 entreating, constrained to return into England, having 
 then but half a day's respite to prepare himself for the 
 same, departed from Roanoak the seven and twentieth 
 of August in the morning, and the same day about mid- 
 night came aboard the Fly -boat who already had weighed 
 anchor, and rode without the bar, the admiral riding by 
 them, who but the same morning was newly come thither 
 again. The same day both the ships weighed anchor and 
 set sail for England." — Hakluyt. 
 
 Note k. — "Our boats and all things filled again, we 
 put off from Hatorask, being the number of nineteen 
 persons in both boats ; but before we could get to the 
 place where our planters were left, it was so exceeding 
 dark, that we overshot the place a quarter of a mile, 
 where we espied towards the North end of the island the 
 light of a great fire through the woods to the which we 
 presently rowed : when we came right over against it we 
 
86 APPENDIX 
 
 let fall our grapnel near the shore, and sounded with a 
 trumpet a call, and afterwards many familiar English 
 tunes of songs, and called to them friendly ; but we had 
 no answer, we therefore landed at daybreak, and coming 
 to the fire we found the grass and sundry rotten trees 
 burning about the place. From hence we went through 
 the woods to that part of the island directly over against 
 Dasamonguepeuc, and from thence we returned by the 
 water side round about the north point of the island, 
 until we came to the place where I left our colony in the 
 year 1586. In all this way we saw in the sand the print 
 of the savages' feet of two or three sorts trodden in the 
 night ; and as we entered up the sandy bank, upon a 
 tree, in the very brow thereof, were curiously carved these 
 fair Roman letters C. R. O., which letters presently we 
 knew to signify the place where T should find the planters 
 seated, according to a secret token agreed upon between 
 them and me at my last departure from them ; which 
 was, that in any way they should not fail to write or 
 carve on the trees or posts of the doors the name of the 
 place where they should be seated ; for at my coming 
 away they were prepared to remove from Roanoak fifty 
 miles into the main. Therefore at my departure from 
 them in An. 1587, I willed them that if they should 
 happen to be distressed in any of those places, that then 
 they should carve over the letters or name, a cross f in 
 this form ; but we found no such sign of distress. . . . 
 And having well considered of this, we passed towards 
 the place where they were left in sundry houses, but we 
 found the houses taken down, and the place very strongly 
 
APPENDIX 87 
 
 enclosed with a high palisade of great trees, with curtains 
 and flankers, very fort-like, and one of the chief trees or 
 posts at the right side of the entrance had the bark taken 
 off, and five feet from the ground in fair capital letters 
 was graven CROATOAN without any cross or sign of 
 
 distress I greatly joyed that I had safely found 
 
 a certain token of their safe being at Croatoan, which is 
 the place where Manteo was born, and the savages of 
 the island our friends." — From Governor White s account 
 of his voyage in search of the colonists, after the defeat 
 of the Spanish Armada. Hakluyt, Vol. III. 
 
 Note /. — "We brought home also two of the savages, 
 being lusty men, whose names were Wan-ches-e and 
 Man-te-o." — First voyage by Amadas and Barlowe. 
 
 Note ;;/. — All authorities agree in the statement that 
 the favorite time among the Indians for an attack on an 
 enemy was at, or about, daybreak. 
 
 Note n. — " Into this river falls another great river called 
 Cipo in which there is found great store of mussels in which 
 there are pearls." — Voyage of Amadas and Barlowe. 
 
 "In her ears she had bracelets of pearls, hanging down 
 to her middle, and these were of the bigness of good 
 pease."— Voyage of Amadas and Barlowe. 
 
 ' ' Sometimes feeding on mussels, we found some pearle, 
 but it was our hap to meet with ragges, or of a pied colour ; 
 not having yet discovered those places where we heard of 
 better and more plenty." — Harriot's Report. 
 
88 APPENDIX 
 
 Note o. — "The manner of making their boats in Vir- 
 ginia is very wonderful. For whereas they want instruments 
 of iron or others like unto ours, yet they know how to make 
 them as handsomely, to sail with where they list in their 
 rivers, and to fish withal, as ours. First they choose some 
 long and thick tree, according to the bigness of the boat 
 which they would frame, and make a fire on the ground 
 about the roots thereof, kindling the same by little and 
 little with dry moss of trees, and chips of wood that the 
 flame should not mount up too high, and burn too much 
 of the length of the tree. When it is almost burnt through, 
 and ready to fall they make a new fire which they suffer 
 to burn until the tree falls of its own accord. Then 
 burning off the top and boughs of the tree in such wise 
 that the body of the same may retain his just length, 
 they raise it upon poles laid over cross wise upon forked 
 posts at such a reasonable height as they may handsomely 
 work upon it. Then take they off the bark with certain 
 shells ; they reserve the innermost part of the bark for 
 the nethermost part of the boat. On the other side they 
 make a fire according to the length of the body of the 
 tree saving at both the ends. That which they think is 
 sufficiently burned, they quench and scrape away with 
 shells, and making a new fire they burn it again and so 
 they continue, sometimes burning and sometimes scraping 
 until the boat have sufficient bottoms." — Harriot's Report. 
 
 Note p. — " They are a people clothed with loose mantles 
 made of deer skin, and aprons of the same round about 
 their middles." — Harriot's Report. 
 
 L«fC. 
 
APPENDIX 89 
 
 Note s. — "They have commonly conjurers or jugglers, 
 which use strange gestures, and often contrary to nature 
 in their enchantments : For they be very familiar with 
 devils of whom they inquire what their enemies do, or 
 other such things." — Harriot's Report. 
 
May-'; 
 
 01 
 
APR 24 1901