THE 
 
 IflASSACHUSETTS 
 
 DIRE CTOR Y; 
 
 BEIire THE 
 
 FIRST PART 
 
 NEW-ENGLAND DIRECTORY. 
 
 BY JOHN HAYWARD. 
 
 taifV of Con ~. 
 
 
 bi 
 
 Ci 
 
 BOSTON : ^-^' Of Was' A'- ^^^ 
 
 PUBLISHED BY JOHR HAYWARD, CORNER OP CODBT 
 AND TREMONT STREETS. 
 
 1835. 
 
E>TERED according to Act of Congress, in the Year Eighteen Hun- 
 dred and Thirty-Five, by John Haywaud, in the Clerk-s Office 
 of the Distiict Court of Massachusetts. 
 
 BOSTON: 
 
 Samuel N. Dickinson, Printer, 
 
 52, Wosliiiigiou Street. 
 
 fjlx'lndex, see page 197. 
 
INTRODUCTION, 
 
 An apolog}' is due from the Editor to his numerous friends 
 and the public, for the non-appearance of a complete Directory 
 of New England at the present time. Nolwithslaading a 
 large and valuable mass of information has been acquired in 
 regard to all the New England Stales ; vet when it is consid- 
 ered how extremely difficult it is to obiain all. the facts neces- 
 sary for such a work, and the requisition of time and labor 
 necessary for their arrangement in a clear and perspicuous 
 manner, he trusts to be forgiven for the delay, and indulges 
 the hope that the first part of the work — the Massachusetts 
 Directory, will be accepted as a token of his faithfulness 
 and zeal, and received as a pledge for the complete perform- 
 ance of his promise, at as early a period as unremitted labor, 
 and constant devotion can accomplish. 
 
 How far the Editor has succeeded in his work, the speci- 
 men now offered to the candid and intelligent yeomanry of 
 New England, will decide. In a work where such a multi- 
 plicity of facts is attempted to be stated, and as Gentle- 
 men of the various professions and in official stations are not 
 only mortal, but subject to change of location, it is utterly im- 
 possible to be precise in every particular. Every effort that 
 mgenuily could devise, or industry apply, has been made 
 subservient to render the work as accurate as possible. Of 
 this fact, two hundred and eighty-eight members of the General 
 Court of Massachusetts, from different towns, can attest ; to 
 whom, for their kind assistance in furnishing statements of 
 their several towns, the Editor begs leave to tender his most 
 grateful acknowledgments. 
 
 To those Gentlemen, in other Stales, who have aided him 
 in his labors, he also expresses his uni'eigned gratitude, and 
 earnestly solicits a continuance of their valuable communica- 
 tions, without which, this work would fail of the purposes 
 designed. 
 
 The Editor desires to have it fairly understood, that he 
 considers himself merely as the compiler of a great variety 
 of facts, stated to him by his friends, from various quarters, 
 both oral and written; and that allho' he is seated in the centre of 
 the country he wishes faithfully to describe, and annually visits 
 all the States, most of the Counties, and many of the Towns; 
 
iv EXPLANATIONS, &€. 
 
 yet it is impossible to be accurate ■without the aid of others. 
 The river is not less dependent on the springs for its useful- 
 ness, than an Editor of a publication of this description, is on the 
 kind co-operation of intelligent men in the several sections of 
 the country to which the work refers. 
 
 It was the wish of the Editor to have given the names and 
 location of the Methodist clergy, with an account of the 
 academies, lyceums, publications, religious, literary »nd 
 cliaritable societies, so numerous in the Conimonweallli ; but 
 satisfactory lists could not be obtained in season. These, 
 with several articles of a more general, geographical, and 
 statistical character, will be given under the head of New 
 England. Boston, July, 1836. 
 
 EXPLANATIONS, CORRECTIONS, &c. 
 
 Abbreviations. — Inc. Incorporated, pop. Population of 
 1830, if not otherwise expressed, r. /(s. Rateable polls, val. 
 Valuation, s. tn. School money. CI. Clergy. Fhs. Phj'si- 
 cians. Atts. Atlornies. J. P. Justices of the Peace. Pm. 
 Post-Master, c. Congregationalism Zi. Baptist, e. Episcopa- 
 lian, m. Methodist, u. Universalist. n. j. c. New Jerusa- 
 lem Church, c. n. Christian. 7\ c. Roman Catholic. *. Settled. 
 d. Died. a. Aged. v. Vacant, soc. Society. 
 
 Rateable Polls. " The term rateable polls, designates 
 all those inhabitants who are made liable by law to be assess- 
 ed to the payment of a poll tax, whether they be so assessed 
 or not — or whether, being assessed, they pay of do not pay." 
 
 Valuation. The valuation, as slated, was made in 1831, 
 on the rateable polls and estates in the several towns and dis- 
 tricts in the Commonwealth, by an apportionment of a (ax of 
 jglOOO, amongst said towns and districts ; by which ratio they 
 are in future to be assessed. 
 
 Additions and Corrections. Page 23, give Lee a Bank 
 with a capital of SI 00 ,000. Inc. 1835. Page 7, say 104 banks. 
 
 Page 33, New Bedford, insert J. Angier, c. s. May 20, 1835. 
 
 Page 67, Goshen, say 12 miles, N. W. of, not of N. W. 
 
 Page 74, Brighton, erase Dr. Eldridge, & insert Dr. Moore. 
 
 Page 103, Abington, say Ezekiel Thaxter, Ph. and Daniel 
 Thomas, c. not David. 
 
 Page \Q'^,Bridgwater, say pop. in 1790, 4975, not 9754. The 
 pop. of all the Bridgwaters, mother and children, in 1 830, was 
 but 6.503. There is no such town as ;So?/^/t Bridgwater. 
 
 Page 114, after John Hammond, erase acting. 
 
 Page 122. For Thomas Fletcher, say Thacher. 
 
 Page 133, say W. M. Rogers, pastor elect, Franklin-st. Ch. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 This ancient commonwealth, the mother of New-England 
 colonies, of free states, and of American liberty, was first 
 permanently settled by Europeans, at Plymouth, on the 22d 
 of December, 1620. 
 
 The history of this state is deeply interesting; it is inter- 
 woven with every political and moral event of important 
 occurrence in the settlement and progress of the whole of 
 North America, which preceded or was connected with the 
 revolution of 1775. 
 
 This state furnished nearly a third part of the troops for the 
 revolutionary contest, and paid more than a seventh part of its 
 cost. 
 
 This state is bounded east, southeast, and south by the At- 
 lantic ocean. It has, exclusive of the island counties of Dukes 
 and Nantucket, a seacoast of about 250 miles. It is bound- 
 ed south and west by the state of Rhode-Island, about 68 
 miles ; south by the state of Connecticut, 87 miles ; west by 
 the state of New- York, 50 miles ; north by the state of Ver- 
 mont, 42 miles ; and north by the state of New-Hampshire, 87 
 miles. It lies between 41° 31', and 42° 53' N. lat., and 69° 
 48', and 73° 17' W. Ion. from Greenwich. Its area is about 
 7,800 square miles, or 4,992,000 acres. It comprises 14 coun- 
 ties, 1 city, and 304 towns, besides some districts and small 
 unincorporated tracts. 
 
 The whole of Massachusetts Bay is within the limits of tWs 
 state. The exterior bounds of this celebrated bay are Capes 
 Cod and Ann. The former is in N. lat. 42° 6', and W. Ion 
 2 
 
6 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 70° 7'. :— The latter in N. lat. 42° 45', and W. Ion. 70° IT. 
 Cape Ann bears from Cape Cod, N.N.W. about 40 miles. 
 
 The leng-th of this bay is about 62 miles, from N.W. to S. 
 E.: — its breadth is about 25 miles. Numerous bays and rivers 
 of various sizes set in from this bay, and its whole coast is 
 lined with commodious harbors, and pleasant commercial 
 towns. 
 
 Buzzard's Baij is also within the limits of this state. It lies 
 N.W. of Dukes county, W. of Barnstable county, and S. by 
 E. of the counties of Plymouth and Bristol. The length of 
 this bay is about 30 miles, from N.E. to S.W., and its average 
 breadth is about 7 miles. From the head of this baj', across 
 Cape Cod to Massachusetts Bay, (the place proposed for a 
 canal) is 5 miles. 
 
 Some account of the surface, soil, and general geographi- 
 cal characteristics of this state will be found under the heads 
 of counties and towns. 
 
 The best map of 3Iassachusetts, e-xtant, is on Nathan Hale's 
 Map of the New-England States. A trigonometrical and as- 
 tronomical survey of the slate, by order of the General Court, 
 for the purpose of a new map, was commenced in 1830 ; — it 
 will probably be completed in 1836. The cost of it will ex- 
 ceed ^30,000. About the same time, a report on the geology, 
 mineralogy, botany, and zoology of the state was ordered by 
 the government, and Professor Hitchcock, of Amherst Col- 
 lege, was appointed to that service. His report was published 
 in 1833, and is the best work of the kind in the United States. 
 
 The name of this state probably arose from the name of a 
 tribe of Indians formerly at Barnstable ; or from two Indian 
 words — Mos and Wetuset ; the former signifying an Indian 
 arrow's head, the latter, Hill. It is stated that the Sachem 
 who governed in this region about the time of the landing of 
 our forefathers, lived on a hill in the form of an Indian arrow's 
 head, a few miles south of Boston, and was called by the In- 
 dians — Moswetuset. 
 
 Previous to 1820, the District, now the state of Maine, had 
 been connected with Massachusetts in all its political and so- 
 
MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 7 
 
 cial relations. Tlie population of Massachusetts, including 
 Maine, in 1701, was 70,000, in 1749, 220,000, and in 1776, 
 348,094. The population of Massachusetts, Proper, in 1790, 
 was 378,787 ;— in 1800, 422,845 ;— in 1810, 472,040 ;— in 1820, 
 623,287 ; and in 1830, 610,408. If the population of the state 
 has increased in the same ratio that it did from 1820 to 1830, 
 (one and two-thirds per cent, per annum,) its present popula- 
 lation is about 651,100. The number of rateable polls in this 
 state in 1831, was 160,591. In 1830, there were in this state 
 294,685 white males, and 308,674 white females :— 3,358 col- 
 ored males, and 3,690 colored females. Of the white popula- 
 tion, there were 160,702 under 10 years of age; 135,245 between 
 10 and 20 ; 33,464 between 60 and 60 ; and 4,813 over 80 years 
 of age. There were 1,874 females more than males, between 
 the ages of 20 and 30 years. There were also at that time 
 within the state, 275 persons deaf and dumb, 245 blind, and 
 8,735 persons from foreign countries, not naturalized.* This 
 state is more densely populated than any other in the Union. 
 According to the last census, it contained 78 inhabitants to a 
 square Tnile, or about 8 and a quarter acres to an inhabitant. 
 
 This state has 12 maritime districts, and a port of entry 
 within each. It has 254,608 tons of shipping engaged in for- 
 eign commerce, and 141,415 tons employed in the coasting 
 trade and fisheries. The exports of this state in 1833 amount- 
 ed to ^9,683,122, and its imports to ^19,940,911. 
 
 In 1834, there were within this state (exclusive of the branch 
 bank of the U. S.) 103 banks, with a capital of 529,409,450 ; 
 having ^7,650, 147 amount of bills in circulation, and ^ 1,160,- 
 296 amount of gold, silver, and copper in their vaults. t These 
 banks pay a tax to the state of 1 per cent, on the amount of 
 their capital. Within this state about 14 millions of dollars are 
 invested in insurance stock, and a vast amount in manufac- 
 turing operations. 
 
 * The number of insane (throughout Now-England) is estimated at 
 ! to a 1000. 
 
 ♦ See Report on Canka and Banking made to tho Legislature, 1S35. 
 
8 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 There are 26 " Institutions for Savings" in operation in this 
 commonwealtii. Tiie number of depositors, on the 27th of 
 September, 1831-, were 24,256. The amount of deposites, 
 53,407,774. Dividends for the year, 5 13S ,577. Annual ex- 
 pense of the institutions, 5'0,969. — (The number of deposi- 
 tors in Boston was 11,767 — amount of deposits, 51,719,139.) 
 
 There are 3 colleges in this state, about 60 incorporated 
 academies, and a great number of lyceums and high sciiools. 
 Institutions for the promotion of philanthropic and pious ob- 
 jects pervade the community, and there is no town without a 
 free school. 
 
 The amount of money raised by taxes in 261 towns, ac- 
 cording to the school returns of 1834, made to the legislature in 
 1835, was 5310,179. The population of those 261 towns, in 
 1830, was 530,167. This gives to each individual in those 
 towns, according to the present population, an average sum of 
 55 cents for school money, exclusive of local funds and sums 
 raised by contribution. 
 
 The foundation of a school fund was laid by legislative en- 
 actment, in 1834, by appropriating " all moneys remaining in 
 the treasury on the 1st day of January, 1835, arising from the 
 sale of public lands, and from payments made to this com- 
 monwealth by the United States, on account of the claim for 
 military services and disbursements during the late war, to- 
 gether with one half of all future proceeds of the sales of 
 public lands, as a permanent fund for die encouragement and 
 support of common schools, which fund is never to exceed 
 one million of dollars." The amount in the treasury, as afore- 
 said, was 5281,000. 
 
 The valuation of the state in 1831, was 5208,236,250, of 
 which 580,244,261 was of property in the city of Boston. 
 (Were this amount of property equally divided among the 
 people of the state, each individual's share would be 5341 15 
 cents.) 
 
 The debt of the state, January 1, 1835, was 567,488. Its 
 resources consisted in cash 596,429, and bonds, notes, &c., 
 amounting to 5472,044. Balance in the treasury, 5500,985, 
 
MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 9 
 
 This state has also more tlian four millions of acres of 
 land in the state of Maine which is rapidly increasing in value. 
 There is also still due to this state from the government of the 
 United States, a large amount on account of the claim for 
 military services and disbursements during the late war. In 
 J 834 the state derived a revenue from the tax on bank capita! 
 of 5294,4525 and from a tax on auction sales of ^41,655. 
 The whole expenditures of the state, the same J'ear, were 
 ,?;362,580. 
 
 The number of paupers, or poor supported by the sev- 
 eral towns, in 212 towns, according to a report made to the 
 legislature, February 5, 1833, was 5054. The population of 
 those 212 towns, in 1830, was 468,499. According to the 
 present population, the number of poor in the state would be 
 about one per cent. Of this number of poor, 774 were for- 
 eigners, and 477 born in other states. 
 
 The average cost of supporting the poor in the several 
 counties, by contract, was 85 1-2 cents a week.* 
 
 The Militia of this state consists of 6 Major-Generals, 15 
 Brigadier-Generals, 1 Adjutant-General, 2,221 other commis- 
 sioned officers, and 42,730 non-commissioned officers, musi- 
 cians, artificers and privates. Total — 44,973. O' See App. 
 
 The Legislature of this state met at Boston, on the 7th of 
 January, 1835. This bodj' consists of 11 in the Executive de- 
 partment, 40 in the Senate, and GGS in the House of Repre- 
 sentatives. Total constitutional number, 719. Inconsequence 
 of some towns not sending their whole quota of representa- 
 tives, and some not sending any, the General Court, the pres- 
 ent year, consisted of only 661 members. This body rose on 
 the 8th of April ; to meet again (an extra session for the re- 
 vision of the statutes,) on the 2d of September next. They 
 were in session 79 days. A synopsis of the laws which were 
 passed will be found in the Appendix. 
 
 * See an able report of the Commissioners, appointed by the Legis- 
 lature, on " the Pauper System," made January 11, 1833. 
 
10 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 The pay and travel of the counsellors, senators and repre- 
 nentatives amounted to 5111,402, or 51)410 a day. 
 
 5:5" For descriptions of the Courts of Law, the times of their ses- 
 sions, the names of the Judges and other law officers in all the New- 
 England States and New- York, the reader is referred to the Law- 
 R egister. 
 
 9:5" for further details in regard to Canals, Railroads, and other 
 statistics of this and other states in the Union, and of the United 
 States generally, t)ie reader is referred to the Columhian TracelUr and 
 Statistical Reg-ister. 
 
BARNSTABLE COUNTY. 
 
 This county was incorporated, 1685. Pop. 1820, M,046 — 
 1830, 28,525 ; r. ps. 6,862 ; val. ^22 21 ; area, about 330 sq. 
 miles; central lat. 41° 4& N.; Ion. 70° 10' W. This county 
 includes the whole of Cape Cod, extending E. and N. into the 
 Atlantic ocean, and whicli Gosnold discovered in 1602. It is 
 bounded N.W. by Plymouth countj', and W. by Buzzard's 
 Bay. Cape Cod lies in the form of an arm, half open ; the 
 elbow is at Chatham, 20 miles E. of Barnstable ; the liana, the 
 wrist incliniii2; inwaid, is at Race Point, 33 miles N. by W. of 
 Chath^mi. Tlie whole length of the Cape is 65 miles, and the 
 aver.ige breadth about 5. This county is principally diluvium. 
 Below the town of Barnstable the country is quite sandy, so 
 much so, that the people are generally dependant on Boston 
 and other towns for a large proportion of their meats and 
 bread-stuffs. This deficit is amply compensated by the unri- 
 valled privileges enjoyed, and well improved by them, in the 
 cod, mackerel and other fisheries. The tonnage of Barnstable 
 district is 28,153 tons. This county has but little wood, but 
 it is well stored with peat. About two millions of dollars are 
 invested in this county in the manufacture of salt. It is noted 
 for its fine sailors and men of superior nautical talents. The 
 ladies are celebrated for their fair complexions and good house- 
 wifery. — 13 towns ; G6 inhabitants to a square mile. 
 
 Barnstable. 
 
 County town and a, port of entrj'. extending across Cape 
 Cod. Sandy Neck, on the N. side, forms a good harbor for 
 vessels of 8 feet of water. Hyannis, on the S. side, 6 miles 
 S.E. of Barnstable C. H., is now a good harbor; but by an 
 expensive Breakwater, constructing at that place by the U. S. 
 government, it will soon become perfectly safe from all winds, 
 for all classes of vessels navigating the Sound, and passing 
 round the Cape. The "' Pilgrim Fathers" landed here, Nov 11, 
 1620, and borrowed some corn of the Matiacheeset Indians. 
 The celeb.rated patriot, James Otis, was born here, Feb. 6, 
 '"■'^ He died at Audover, May 23, 1783. The manufacture 
 
1" MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 of salt was commenced here as early as 1779. It then sold for 
 5'G a bushel. 2,200 hog.sheads of salt were made in this town in 
 183i. Between 50 and 60 sail of fishing and coasting vessels 
 belong to this place. This town has numerous ponds, a con- 
 •siderable water power, and extensive salt marshes. The Mu- 
 tual Insurance Company has a capital of §50,000. Z. D. 
 Bassett, Prest., Amos Otis, Jr., Sec. Inc. 1639; pop. 3975; 
 r. ps. 914 ; val. ^^21 ; s. m. ,'^1600. 65 miles S.E. of Bos- 
 ton, 50 S.W. of Provincetown, 30 S.E. of Plymouth, and 4G6 
 from Washington. Ct — Enoch Pratt, and 1 v. soc. c ; Dan- 
 iel Chesman, b; John M. Spear, u; a soc. m. Phs — Oliver 
 Ford. Ezra Stephenson, Joseph F. Hill, Henry Tuck. Att — 
 Nymphas Marston. l'7ns — Matthe^v Cobb ; West, Albert 
 Howland ; Marston's Mills, N. Hinckley ; Centrevitle,\V. Mar- 
 chant ; Cocuit, II. T. Crocker ; Hyannis, Otis Loring ; Hy- 
 annis Port,T.S>cuddet ; Oystervi/le, J. Sciidder, Jr. Collec- 
 tor of the Customs — Isaiah L. Green. 
 
 Brewster. 
 
 This town was inc. 1803 ; pop. 1418; r. ps. 327; val. gl 08 ; 
 s. m. g400. On the N. side of Cape Cod, 16 miles E. by N. 
 of Barnstable, and 6 N.N.W. of Chatham. Six or eight fish- 
 ing and coasting vessels : 375 hhds. of salt, and about 300 
 barrels of Glauber and Epsom salts were made here in 1834. 
 In common with all the towns on Cape Cod, a large number 
 of ship-masters, sailing to foreign ports, belong here. From 
 three ponds in this town, coveruig about 1000 acres, a nev- 
 er-failing stream of water is produced, on which are a cot- 
 Ion mill, carding mill, machine shop and other smaller mills. 
 CI — Samuel Williams, c; 1 soc. m; Henry Merchant, b; 
 Abraham Norwood, u. Ph — Joseph Sampson. Atl — George 
 Copeland. Pms — Jeremiah Mayo ; West, Joshua Winslovv ; 
 East, George W. Higgins. 
 
 Chatham. 
 
 On the elbow of the cape, south side. Pleasant Bay, inside 
 of Chatham beach, forms a good harbor. This place has 
 about 20 sail of fishermen and 30 coasters. 2,300 hogsheads 
 of salt were made here in 1834. Inc. 1712 ; pop. 2134 ; r. ps. 
 490 ; val. ^1 43; s. m. 5600. 20 miles E. of Barnstable, and 
 32 S.S.E. of Provincetown. CI — Isaac Briggs, c ; D. Lo- 
 throp, b ; 1 soc. in. Phs — Franklin Seabury, Daniel P. Clif- 
 ford. J.P — Joshua Nickerson, Isaiah Nye. P?ns — Josiah May- 
 hew ; North, S. N. Howland ; West, Levi Eldredge; Sovth.^ 
 (new office.) Commissioner of l^yec/cs — Isaac Hardy. 
 
BARNSTABLE COUNTY. 13 
 
 Dennis. 
 
 This town crosses the cape, and was taken from Yarmouth 
 in 1793. Pop. 2317 ; r. ps. 579; val. gl 70; s. m. 5400. 8 
 miles E. by N. of Barnstable, and 7 W. of Harwich. The 
 first salt produced by solar evaporation in this country, was 
 made in this town, by John Sears and others, in 1776. About 
 7000 tons of shipping' belong to this town, principally engaged 
 in fishing and coasting, and all manned by natives of the 
 town. Bass river, rising from a pond, affords a small water 
 power. 160 ship-masters belong to this town, sailing from 
 various ports in the union. About 60,000 bushels of salt, and 
 500 bbls. of Epsom salts, are annually made here. Scargo 
 Hill is the highest land in the county. Large quantities of salt 
 hay and some English. 60 miles S.E. of Boston (by water.) 
 CL — John Sanfora, D. M. Stearns, c ; 2 socs. m. Phs — Drs. 
 Pool and Swift. J. P — Stephen Homer, Nathan Stone, &c. 
 Pms — Nathan Stone ; South, E. Nickerson ; East, T. Clark ; 
 West, L. Childs. 
 
 Eastham. 
 
 On a narrow part of the cape, 23 miles E. by N. of Barn- 
 stable. Pop. 966; r.ps. 222; val. 60 cents; s. m. g39l. First 
 settled, 1644 ; inc. 1646. CI — Philander Shaw, c ; 1 soc. u ; 
 1 soc. m. J. P — Samuel Freemann, Joshua P. Atwood. Jes- 
 se Collins. Pm — E. Cobb. Coinm. of Wrecks — O. Doane, 
 
 Falmouth. 
 
 A pleasant town on Vineyard Sound : inc. 1686 ; pop. 2547 ; 
 r.ps. 634; val. ^2 99; s. m. §700. 71 miles S.E. by S. of 
 Boston, 22 S.W. of Barnstable, 4 E.of " Woods' Hole," and 
 
 6 N. of Holmes's Hole harbor, on Martha's Vmeyard. " Fal- 
 mouth Bank" has a capital of glOO,000. Elijah Swift, Pt ; 
 Samuel P. Croswell, Cr. 'I'here are belonging to this town, 
 
 7 whale-ships, and about 40 sail in the coasting trade and fish- 
 ery. Two streams afford a water power, on which are one 
 woolen factory and two carding machines. There are about 
 40 ponds in this town. CI — Josiah Bent, Jr., and 2 v. c ; 1 soc. 
 friends; 1 soc. b ; 1 soc. m. Phs — Aaron Cornish, and Dr. 
 Sherman. Att—7.. Bennett. J. P_\Vard M. Parker, S. P. 
 Croswell, Elijah Swift. Pms—S. P. Croswell ; West, S. Dil- 
 lingham ; North, Ebenezer Nye ; East, J. Robinson. Com- 
 missioner of Wrecks, Thomas Fish. 
 
 Harwich. 
 
 On the S.side of the cape, 14 miles E. of Barnstable. Inc. 
 1694 ; pop. 2464 ; r. ps. 566 ; val. ,?1 33 ; s. m. ^945. 12 
 
14 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 miles N.E. by E. of Hyannis harbor. Tliis place has about 
 40 sail of fishing and 12 coasting vessels. 430 hogsheads of 
 salt and some Glauber salts were made here in 1834. On 
 Herring river ^ the outlet of Long Pond, are a cotton mill and 
 carding machine. CI — Seth Ewer, b ; 1 soc. m ; 1 v. soc. c. 
 Phs — G. J. Pratt, James L. Mayo. J. P — James Long, Obed 
 Brooks. Pins — Obed Brooks ; South, J. P. Nickerson ; East, 
 David Snow ; West, Elijah Chase. Commissioner of Wrecks 
 — Anthony Kelley. 
 
 Marshpee, 
 
 An ancient Indian territory, and an incorporated district of 
 the commonwealth, of 10,500 acres, or about IG square miles 
 It lies 12 miles S.E. of Barnstable, 8 S.S.E. of Sandwich, and 
 8 E. of Falmouth. It is bounded on the S. by the ocean. 
 There are 350 colored inhabitants on this territory, and some 
 whites. There now remain only seven inhabitants of pure 
 blood of the Fathers of the forest. Their land is good for 
 grain of all sorts, and is well wooded. The territory is pleas- 
 ant, and some parts of it afford beautiful scenery. The 
 iMarshpee and Quashmct are considerable streams, which, 
 with numerous ponds and the ocean, afford an abundant sup- 
 ply of fish of various kinds. These people live by agricul- 
 tural pursuits, the manufacture of various articles of Indian 
 ware, by tlie sale of their wood, and by fishing, fowling, and 
 taking clcer. They are docile and hospitable ; — the}' appear 
 to relish moral and religious instruction, and under the super- 
 intendance of a humane and intelligent commissioner, ap- 
 pointed by the state, they are prosperous and happy. This is 
 the largest remnant of all the tribes of red men, who, 213 
 years ago, were fee simple proprietors of the whole territory 
 of Massachusetts ! CI — Phineas Fish, c (a white man;) Jo- 
 seph Amos, b (a colored man, blind from his birth.) Their 
 medical aid is derived from the neighboring towns. Stale 
 Com?nissioner, Charles Marston, of Barnstable. (O^ Herring 
 Pond Indians — see Plymouth county. 
 
 Orleans. 
 
 Taken from Eastham, 1797. Pop. 1799; r. ps. 442; val. 
 ,^1 08. 20 miles E. of Barnstable. This town extends across 
 the Cape, and has about a dozen coasting and fishing vessels. 
 Several islands in Pleasant Bay belong to this town. 2000 
 hogsheads of salt were made here in 1831. CI — Enoch E. 
 Chase, b; Ezekiol Vose, u; M. Pratt, c. Ph — Benjamin 
 Seabury. Att — John Doane. Ptns — Elijah Knowles ; jEa5^ 
 (new office.) South, S. Sparrow, 3d. Comm. of Wrecks^- 
 Daniel Comings. 
 
BARNSTABLE COUNTY. 16 
 
 Provincetown. 
 
 A noted fishing town on the thumb of Cape Cod, 3 miles S. 
 E. of Race Point. It forms Cape Harbor, in Cape Cod bay, 
 60 miles N.E. of Barnstable, and 30 S.E. of Boston, by water. 
 The harbor opens on the S.E., is excellent for the largest 
 ships, and was the first harbor the " Mayflower" touched at 
 on her passage to Plymouth, in 1G20. This place has about 
 6000 tons of fishing, and 400 tons of coasting vessels, besides 
 one whaling ship. The fares of fish, in 1834, amounted to 
 about 43,000 quintals of cod, and 17,000 barrels of mackerel. 
 3000 hogsheads of salt were made here the same year. This 
 place gives employment to about 1000 men and boys. One 
 sperm candle factory. The " Fishing Ins. Co." has a capital 
 of 540,000 5 John Adams, Pt., D. Fairbanks, Sec. Inc. 1727 ; 
 pop. 1710 ; r. ps. 437 ; val. ,^1 32 ; s. m. ,^1000. C/— Na- 
 thaniel Stone, c ; A. B. Cleverly, u ; 1 soc. m. Att — Jason 
 Reed. J. F — John Atkins, Solomon Rich. Phs — Josiah 
 \Vhitney, Henry Willard, John L. Lothrop. Deputy Collec- 
 tor — Thomas Lothrop. Pm — T. Lothrop. Commissioner of 
 IVrecks — John Adams. 
 
 Sandwich. 
 
 This town lies on the shoulder of Cape Cod, and extends 
 across the cape. It is watered by a number of streams, which 
 afford a good water power, on which are a cotton mill, a wool- 
 en factory, a furnace, a nail factory, three carding ma- 
 chines, &c. Here is also an extensive manufactory of 
 glass. In this town are numerous ponds, and some of them 
 very large, which afibrd fine fishing and fowling. An abun- 
 dance of deer is found in this vicinity. To the lovers of ru- 
 ral sport, this place and Barnstable have become justl}* pop- 
 ular. It is 12 miles S.W. of Barnstable, 30 E. of" New- 
 Bedford, and 53 S.E. of Boston. Inc. 1G39 ; pop. 33G7; r. 
 ps. 774; val. ,$3 46; s. m. ^lOOO. This place has a good 
 harbor on JMassachusetts bay. It has 15 or 20 sail of coasting 
 and fishing vessels ; and there is annually made here a con- 
 siderable quantity of salt. It is proposed to unite Massachu- 
 setts and Buzzard's bays by a ship canal through this town. 
 The distance is five miles, and the route level. The advan- 
 tages to be derived from a work of this kind need not be told ; 
 ihey are seen at a glance. CI — J.M. Merrick, A. Cobb, c; 
 1 large soc. friends; 1 soc. m ; 1 r. c. soc. Phs — Jonathan 
 Leonard, Jonathan Leonard, Jr., B. Cushing, J. B. For- 
 saith. Alls — S.F. Nye, R. Freeman. Pms — ^W. H. Fessen- 
 den ; Eas<, Joseph Hall; ]Fp«<, Benjamin Burgess; South, 
 Lemuel Ewer; Monument, E. Perrv. Comm. of Wrecks — 
 M. Tobev. 
 
16 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Truro. 
 
 On the wrist of Cape Cod — the Pamet of the Indians — for 
 some time called " Dangerfield." Pop. 1549 ; r. ps. 419 ; 
 val. 93 cents ; s. m. ^350 ; inc. 1709. 41 miles below Barn- 
 stable. In 1834, this place had about 40 sail of fishermen, 
 and about 2500 hhds. of salt were made there. In this town 
 is what is called the " Clay Pounds," a vast body of clay 
 in the midst of sand hills. The people of this town are noted 
 for their adventurous spirit. C/ — Charles Bayler, c ; 1 soc. 
 m. Phs — O. Partridge, Jason Ayers. J. P — James Small, 
 John Kenney. Pms — S. H. Gross ; North, M. Ayers. Com- 
 missioner of Wrecks, Joshua Small. 
 
 Wellfleet. 
 
 The Rinonakminit of the Indians. This place has a good 
 harbor, for small vessels, in '• Deep Hole," on the W. side of 
 Cape Cod, 33 miles below Barnstable. Inc. 1723 ; pop. 2044; 
 r. ps. 515; val. 51 13 ; s. m. ,^(i00. It is much engaged in 
 the fisheries and manufacture of salt. Good oysters. A fa- 
 mous place for catching gulls by torch light. Dr. Morse 
 says, "since the memory of people now living, (1797) there 
 have been in this small town 30 pair of twins, besides two 
 births that produced three each. CI — Stephen Bailey, c; 
 W.Emerson, m. J. P — Josiah Whitman, Reuben Arey, Eb- 
 enezer Truman, 2d, &c. Pms — Josiah Whitman ; South, R. 
 Arey, Jr. 
 
 Yarmouth. 
 
 This town extends across Cape Cod, and has a harbor on each 
 side. There are about 25 soil of fishermen belonging to this 
 place, and about 50 coasting vessels. In 1834, 7,500 Tihds. of 
 salt were made in this town, and 800 bbls. of Glauber and Ep- 
 som salts. Considerable cordage is manufactured here. Bass 
 river, issuing from several ponds, furnishes a small water 
 power. "Barnstable Bank." in this town, has a capital of 
 ^150,000 ; David Crocker, Pt., Timothy Reed, Cr. 72 miles 
 S. E. of Boston, 3 E. of Barnstable, and 3 N.E. of Hyannis. 
 Inc. 1639 ; pop. 2251 ; r. ps. 52.3 ; val. J?l 89 ; s. m. ,|:750. 
 CI — Nathaniel Cogswell, c; Simeon Crowell, b; 1 soc. 
 friends -, I soc. m. Phs — James Hedge, Alexander Pratt, 
 James Webster, and Dr. Lucas. Ails — John Reed, Timolln' 
 Reed. Pins — B. Matthews, Jr.; Poi-t, Timothy Reed ; West, 
 E. Lewis ; South, Thomas Akin. 
 
BERKSHIRE COUNTY. 
 
 This County was incorporated in 1770. Pop. 1820, 35,666, 
 i830, 37,823; "r. ps. 9,375 ; val. ^38 00 ; area, 860 sq. miles ; 
 central lat. 42° 25' N.; Ion. 72° 55' W. Bounded N. by Ben- 
 nington Co. Vt.; W. by Rensselaer and Columbia Cos. N. Y.: 
 S. by Litchfield Co. Ct.; and E. by Franklin, Hampshire ana 
 Hampden Cos. Mss. This county is rough and hilly in many 
 parts, but it afibrds considerable very fine land, and produces 
 much wool, and all sorts of grain, and exports great quantities 
 of beef, pork, butter, &c. It is the most elevated county in 
 the state. The Green and Taconick Mountains cross it from 
 N. to S.; the average height of which is about 1200 feet above 
 the level of the sea. The Housatonick and Hoosick are its 
 chief rivers ; — the former empties into Long Island Sound ; 
 the latter into the Hudson. — 30 towns ; 42 inhabitants to a sq. 
 mile. " This county possesses in rich and inexhaustible abun- 
 dance, three of the most important articles of the commerce 
 of the world, Iron, Marble and Lime, and its wood and water 
 power are fully sufficient to enable it to fit them for the pur- 
 poses of life." The tonnage of this county to its marts of 
 trade, principally on the Hudson, amounted, in 1834, to no less 
 than .34,075 tons. This fact vv-as elicited by an inquiry into the 
 probable amount of transportation a railroad from West-Sto«rk- 
 bridge to Albany would annually receive. The enterprize of a 
 railroad from Boston to Albany will probably soon be accom- 
 plished, and cannot fail of being exceedingly beneficial, not 
 only to this county, but to the commonvveallh at large. In 
 1833, 445,335 bbls. of flour were imported into Boston, round 
 Cape Cod. The freight, insurance, detention and damage 
 could not average less than 50 cents a barrel. 967,813 barrels 
 of flour passed Utica for Albany, the same year. Allowing 
 all the flour annually imported into Boston was to pass from 
 the Hudson on the railroad, (in 14 hours fresh frmn Albany,) 
 at 50 cents a barrel, an interest of 6 per cent, would accrue, 
 by that single article, on a capital of nearly 4 million dollars.* 
 
 ''■ Sea " Prices of 40 articles fjr 40 years." 
 
18 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Adams. 
 
 This is a flourishing' agricuhural and manufacturing town- 
 ship, comprising two villages, norih and south, whose trade 
 goes to New-York. It is 40 miles E. of Troy, 120 W.N.W. 
 of Boston, 29 N. of Lenox, and 7 miles S.E. of Williamstown 
 college. The Hoosick river passes through this town, and 
 aflTords a great water power. There are in this town 20 cotton 
 mills, making annually about 4,000,000 yards of cloth, 4 sat- 
 inet factories, making about 150.000 yards ; and 2 calico 
 printing establishments, producing about 100,000 pieces an- 
 nually. Besides these, which produce, b^' estimation, an 
 annual value of between 6 and 700,000 dollars, there are 4 
 cotton and woolen machine shops, 4 small furnaces, 2 tin and 
 sheet iron works, and 4 large tanneries. Between 17-lG and 
 1756, this town was the scene of much Indian warfare. Tra- 
 ces of old Fort Massachusetts are still found. Saddle Moun- 
 taiii, the summit of which is called Gray lock, the highes oft 
 Massachusetts mountains, lies chiefly in this town, and, al- 
 though it is 3,G00 feet above the level of the sea, is of easy 
 ascent. A view from Gray lock probably gives " an idea of 
 vastness and even of immensity" better than any other land- 
 scape in New-England, Mt. Washington, in N. H. excepted. 
 The natural bridge on Hmlsoii's Brook, in this town, is a curi- 
 osity worthy the notice of travellers. The waters of this 
 brook have worn a fissure from ."0 to 60 feet deep and 30 rods 
 in length, through a body of white marble, or limestone, and 
 formed a bridge of that material, 60 feet above the surface of 
 the water. There is a cavern in this town, 30 feet long, 20 
 high, and 20 wide. The " Adams Bank" has a capital of 
 «i00,000 ; Caleb B. Turner, Pt. William E. Brayton, Cr. 
 Inc. 1778; pop. 1820, 1836—1830, 2648—1834, 3000; r. ps. 
 693 ; val. ^2 67. Atts—^. Putnam, Thomas Robinson, Dan- 
 iel Parish, C. B. Pcnniman. Phs — Drs. Barker, Phillips, 
 Babbitt, Hawkes, Lang, Hill, and Robinson. CI — Caleb B. 
 Tracy, c ; Charles B. Keycs, b; ) soc. m; 1 soc. friends. 
 Pms — North, Peter Briggs; South, W. E. Brayton. 
 
 Alford. 
 
 Branches of Green river pass through ihis townj 125 miles 
 W. of Boston, 14 S. by W. of Lenox, and 24 E. of Hudson. 
 Mountainous. CI — I soc. m ; 1 v. soc. c. J. P — Norman Les- 
 ter, Hugo Dewey. Inc. 1773; pop. 612; r. ps. 136; val. 47 
 cents ; s". m. ^^200. Pm — Daniel Barrett, 
 
 Becket. 
 
 A branch of Westfield river rises in this town. Inc. 1765; 
 pop. 1065; r. ps. 285; val. 99 cents ; ?. m. $550. 110 miles 
 
BERKSHIRE COUNTY. 19 
 
 W. of Boston, 15 E.S.E. of Lenox, and 23 W. of Northamp- 
 ton. C/— Joseph L. Mills, c ; 1 v. soc. b. Fhs—Y. White, 
 and Dr. Freeland. J. P — Giaius Carter. Pms — E. Kingsby ; 
 East, E. Kiug-sley ; West, W. Claffee. 
 
 Cheshire* 
 
 On a branch of the Hoosick river — famous for jjood cheese. 
 The "Mamniouth Cheese" sent from this place to Mr. Jefferson, 
 in 1801, weighed between 1100 and 1200 lbs. 140 miles W. 
 N.W. of Boston, IG N. by E. of Leno.x, and 12 S.S.E. of 
 Williamstown. Pop. 1040 ; r. ps. 254 ; val. gl 37; inc. 1793 ; 
 .s. m. ,'J300. Soap and lime stone. 1 cotton factory. CI — 
 John Leland, Elnathan Sweet, Noah Y. Bushnell, b ; 2 sees. 
 111. Ph—A. J. Cole. J. P — Moses Wolcott, Nathan Sayles. 
 Pm—'S. K. Wolcott. 
 
 Clarksburgh. 
 
 125 miles W. by N. of Boston, 27 N. by E. of Lenox, and 
 6 miles S. of Stamford, Vt. Inc. 1793 ; pop. 315 ; r. ps. 81 ; 
 val. 22 cents. CI— I soc. b. J. P— Samuel Clark. 
 
 Dalton. 
 
 On the east branch of the Housalonick, 128 miles W. of 
 Boston, 13 N. by E. of Lenox, and 31 W. of Northampton. 
 1 woolen factory, and 2 large and 1 small paper mills. Mar- 
 ble ; iron ore. CI — '1 v. soc. c ; 1 soc. m. Pits — C. W. En- 
 sign, and Dr. Ferry. AU — Henry Marsh. Pop. 791 ; r. ps. 
 199 5 val. 96 cents; inc. 1784; s. m. ;g:367. Pm^J. Cham- 
 berlain. 
 
 Egremont. 
 
 Inc. 1760; pop. 889 ; r. ps. 244; val. 93 cents ; s.m. .^."^SO. 
 150 miles W. of Boston, 15 S.S.W. of Lenox, on the line of 
 N. Y., 25 miles E. of Hudson — on branches of the Housa- 
 lonick. 1 large flour mill. Large ponds. C! — Saul Clark, 
 c ; 1 soc. b ; 1 soc. m. Ph — Henry D. Chapman. Atts — 
 Lonson Nash, L. K. Strickland. Pin — Jesse Squire, Jr. 
 
 Florida. 
 
 On Deerfield river. Mountainous. 120 miles W. by N. of 
 Boston, 27 N.N.E. of Lenox, and 7 E. of Adams. Hoosick 
 Mt. is 1448 feet above Deerfield river. This town aflbrds 
 some fine Alpine scenery. CI — 1 soc. b. J. P — Nathan 
 Drury. Inc. 1805 ; pop. 454 ; r. ps. 113 ; val. 30 cents ; s. m 
 S\m. P7n—\A\ke Rice. 
 
20 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Great Barrington. 
 
 A pleasant town in the valley of Housatonick river, 125 
 miles W. by S. of Boston, 14 S. of Lenox, and 25 E. by S. of 
 Hudson. Inc. 1761 ; pop. 2276 ; r. ps. 581 ; val. 52 30. 2 
 factories of cotton, and 1 of satinet ; also a scythe and axe 
 factory, and furnace. Good iron ore, and beautifully variega- 
 ted marble. Monument Mt. in this town, presents much wild 
 scenery. CI — S. Gilbert, c ; S. Burt, c. /"/is— Benjamin 
 Rogers and 3 others. AUs — James A. Hyde, John Whiting, 
 Increase Sumner, and F. Whiting. Pm — M. Hopkins. 
 
 Hancock. 
 
 A mountainous township, that bounds the state of N.York ; 2 
 miles E. of Lebanon Springs, 129 miles W. of Boston, and 15 
 N. by W. of Lenox. In this town is a cotton and woolen fac- 
 tory and an oil mill. The rise of a small branch of the Hou- 
 satonick. CI — I V. b. soc ; a large family of shakers. Ph — 
 Dr. Thomas. Aft — Silas Gardner. Inc. 1776 ; pop. 1053: 
 r. ps. 265 ; val. $1 22 ; s. m. ,^300. Pm— P. H. Thomas. 
 
 As we are so near the beautiful valley of New-Lebanon and 
 its tepid spring, we will step over into the " emporium state" 
 and point out some of the roads and distances. 
 
 Neio-Lebanon, N. Y. is in the county of Columbia, and situ- 
 ated in a delightful valley, surrounded by cultivated hills, 
 which present scenery greatly variegated and peculiarly 
 pleasing. A community of shakers, of between 500 and 600, 
 own about 3000 acres of excellent land in this township, whicli 
 is highly improved by this industrious, hospitable, and curi- 
 ous people. Their village is about two miles southeast of the 
 springs. The springs are on the side of a hill, and are so abun- 
 dant as tosupply a small water power. The waters are tasteless, 
 pure as crystal, and appear to difler in no respect from other 
 pure mountain waters, except in temperature, which is always 
 at 72° of Fahrenheit. This is a great resort for visitors from 
 all directions ; — some to enjoy the romantic scenery with 
 which this region abounds, and others the benign influence of 
 the waters. The public resorts are well located, and afibrd 
 excellent accommodations. This place is 134 miles W. of 
 Boston, 24 E. of Albany, 25 N.E. of Hudson, 7 W. of PiUs- 
 field, 23 S. bv W. of Williamstown, 156 N. by E. of New- 
 York, and 68 N.W. by W. of Hartford. 
 
 From, Albany to New- York. 
 
 From Albany to Hudson, by the river, 29 miles — Calskill, 
 35— Red Hook, 4.5— Foughkcepsie, 70— Newbur<;h, 85— West 
 Point, 94— Peekskill. 104— Stoney Point, 108— Sing Sing, 113 
 — Tarrytovvn, 120 — New-York. 145 miles. 
 
BERKSHIRE COUNTY. SI 
 
 From Albany to Niagara Falls, by the Erie Canal. 
 From Albany to Troy, 7 miles — Junction of the E. and C. 
 canals, 9 — Schenectady, 30 — (b)' land, 16) — Amsterdam, 46 — 
 Schoharie Creek, 33 — Caiighnawaga, 57 — Canajoharie. 69 — 
 Little Falls, 83— Herkimer, 95— Frankfort, 100— Utica, 110— 
 (by land, 96) — Whitesborough, 114 — Oriskany, 117 — Rome, 
 125— Oneida Creek, 141— Canastota, 146— New-Boston, 150 
 — Chittenango, 154— Manlius, 162 — Orville, 165 — Syracuse, 
 (salt works,) 171 — (In 1833, there were made at Syracuse and 
 other towns bordering on Onondaga Lake, 229,856 hogsheads 
 of salt. The water of this lake is nearly eight times stronger 
 than sea-water.) — Liverpool, 173 — Nine Mile Creek, 179 — 
 Canton, 185— Jordan, 191— Montezuma, 206— Clyde, 217— 
 Lyons!, 226— Newark, 233— Palmyra, 241- Fullum's Basin, 
 251 — Piitsford, 260 — Rochester (Genesee Falls, 97 feet per- 
 pendicular,) 270 — Adams's Basin, 285 — Brockport, 290 — 
 Holley, 295— Newport, 305— Portsville, 309— Medina, 315— 
 Middleport, 321— Lockport, 333— Pendleton, 340— Tonawan- 
 ta, 352— Black Rock, 360— Buffalo, 363— Niagara Falls, 384 
 miles. (By stage from Albany to Niagara Falls, via Buffalo, 
 is 311 miles.) 
 
 From Buffalo up the Lakes, and to St. Lo7ds, Missouri. 
 
 From Buffalo to Erie, Penn. 83 miles. From Buffalo to 
 Cleveland, Ohio, 190 miles. (From Cleveland to Portsmouth, 
 on the Ohio river, by the Ohio canal, is 310 miles. From 
 Portsmouth to St. Louis, 606 down the Ohio, and 171 up the 
 Mississippi, is 777 miles.) 
 
 From Buffalo to Detroit. Mi. is 330 miles; to Mackanaw, 
 by Lakes St. Clair and Huron, is 603, and from Buffalo to 
 Chicago, at the head of Lake Michigan, is 943 miles. (From 
 Detroit to the outlet of Lake Superior, is 340 miles.) 
 
 From Niagara Falls to Montreal and Quebec. 
 From Niagara Falls to Lewiston, 7 — Fort Niagara, on Lake 
 Ontario, 14 — Ogdensburgh, on the river St. LawrencCj, 234 — 
 Montreal, down the St. Lawrence, 354 — and to Quebec, 620 
 miles. O^ The falls of Montmorency, of 246 feet perpen- 
 dicular, are 9 miles below Quebec. The sheet of water is 
 about 100 feet in width, and in full view from the St. Law- 
 rence river. This cataract derives it celebrity more from its 
 height, than from the quantity of water. 
 
 From Albany to Saratoga. 
 From Albany to Schenectady, (by railroad,) IG miles — to 
 Ballston Spa^ 29 — Saratoga Springs, 36 miles. The village 
 «f Saratoga is about 90 miles E. of Utica, and 37 S.W. of 
 4 
 
22 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Whitehall, at the junction of Lake Champlain and the northern 
 canal. 
 
 The mineral springs atBallston and Saratoga are numerous, 
 but generally contain the same substances, onlj' in a greater 
 or less quantity. The most celebraled of these springs is the 
 Congress, at Saratoga, which has given, in analysis, 471,5 
 grains muriate of soda ; 178,4 3-4 carbonate of lime ; 16,5 
 car. of soda ; 3,3 1-1 car. of magnesia, and G,l 3-4 car. of 
 iron, to one gallon of water : carbonic acid gas, 343 cubic 
 inches. Temperature through the year, 50° of Fahrenheit. 
 
 [0= Trenton Falls, on West Canada Creek, 70 ms. W.N.W. 
 of Saratoga, and 12 N. of Utica, are much visited on account 
 of the beauty and grandeur of the scenery. A considerable 
 stream passes through a narrow chasm, between three and four 
 miles, in some places 150 feet deep, forming a succession of 
 very beautiful cataracts. The largest is about 60 feet. This 
 chasm is formed of limestone, and the walls are so regular 
 that they have the appearance of mason work. A variety of 
 marine shells and petrified animals are found embeded in the 
 rocks. 
 
 OU' Cohoes Falls, on the Mohawk river, 25 miles S. of 
 Saratoga, and 10 N. of Albany, are worthy the notice of trav- 
 ellers. The river at this place is about 350 feet wide, and, at 
 high water, presents a perpendicular fall of 70 feet. 
 
 From Albamj to Montreal, via the Northern Canal and Lake 
 Champlain. 
 From Albany to Troy, 7 miles — Waterford, 11 — Stillwater, 
 23 — SchuylervHle, 35 — Fort Miller, 40— Fort Edward, 48 — 
 Fort Ann. (10 miles E. of Fort George, on Lake George,) 60 
 —Whitehall, 72— Ticonderoga (by the lake,) 96— Crown Pt. 
 Ill— Basin Harbor, 123 — Esse.x, 133— Burlington, Vt. 147 — 
 Port Kent,N. Y. 163— Plattsburgh, 171- Chazy, 186— Cham- 
 plain, 198— St. Johns, L. C. 220— La Prairie (by land,) 238— 
 to Montreal (by water,) 247 miles. 
 
 From Montreal to Boston. 
 
 From Montreal to Burlington, Vt. as above, 100 miles — 
 Sherburn, 105 — Charlotte, 111 — Ferrisburgh, 117 — Vergennes, 
 122 — Middlebury, 134 — Salisbury, 141 — Leicester,144 — Bran- 
 don, 150— Pittsford, 158— Rutland, 167— Clarendon, 169— 
 Shrewsbury, 177— Mount Holley, 185— Ludlow, 1S9— Caven- 
 dish, 193— Chester, 201— Rockingham, 213— Walpole, N. H. 
 222— Keene, 235— Marlborough, 237— Jeffry, 249— New-Ips- 
 wich, 261— Townsend, Ms. 268— Pepperell, 273— Groton,276 
 —Littleton, 283— Acton, 285— Concord, 292— Lincoln, 294— 
 
feERK&IIIRE COUNTY. SS 
 
 Lexington, 299— West-Cambridge, 302— Cambridge, SOS- 
 Boston, 308 miles. 
 
 [[j= For tables of distances on various routes in the United 
 States, see Columbian Traveller, &c. pp. 37 — 39. 
 
 Hinsdale. 
 
 This town gives rise to a branch of the Honsatonick. A 
 good deal of wool is grown here. Limestone. Two woolen 
 factories and a trip hammer. C/— William A. Hawley, c ; 1 
 V. soc. b ; and 1 soc. m. Ph — ^Benjamin F. Kittredge. Att— 
 Thomas Allen. Inc. 1804 ; pop. 780 ; r. ps. 207 ; val. 88 c ; 
 s. m. g300. 130 miles W. of Boston, 15 N.N.W. of Lenox, 
 and 12 E. of Pittsfield. P/n— M. Emmons. 
 
 Lanesborough. 
 
 Inc. 1765 ; pop. 1192 ; r. ps. 284; val. gl 54. 125 miles 
 W. by N. of Boston, 11 N. of Lenox, and 14 S. by E. of 
 Williamstown. On high ground. Branches of the Housa- 
 tonick and Hoosick rise here. Beautiful marble, lime, and 
 graphic slate. Large ponds, with an abundance of trout and 
 other fish. Considerable wool is grown in this town. CI— 
 Henry B. Hooker, c ; Samuel B. Shaw, e ; William B. John- 
 son, b. Phs — Wm. H. Tyler, and Dr. Palmer. Atis — Geo 
 N. Briggs, and A. S. Hovey. Pm— Timothy Whitney. 
 
 Lee. 
 
 On both sides of the Housatonick river. Great water pow- 
 er. 13 paper mills, 2 woolen factories and a cotton mill ; also 
 a flour mill, a large carriage wheel factory, a machine shop 
 2 furnaces, and a forge. Good marble, and iron ore. CI — 
 J. N. Dnnforth, c ; 1 soc. b ; 1 soc. m. Phs — Asa G. Welsh, 
 H. Bartlett, Charles McAllister, C. Guiteau. Aits — William 
 Porter, L. D. Bidwell, Franklin Sturgis, E. D. Whiton. Inc. 
 1777 ; pop. 1825 ; r. ps. 425 ; val. gl 67 ; s. m. g538. 130 
 miles W. of Boston, 5 S. E. of Lenox, and 24 E. of Hudson. 
 Pms — Hubbard Bartlett ; North, Ebenezer Nye. 
 
 Lenox. 
 
 The county town, pleasantly situated in the valley of the 
 Housatonick river. 130 miles W. of Boston, 25 N. E. of 
 Hudson, 55 N. W. of Hartford, and 363 miles from Washing- 
 ton. Inc. 1767; pop. 1355; r. ps.334; val. ^1 43; s. m. 
 §500. This town aflfords excellent iron ore, and a great 
 abundance of beautiful white and gray marble. CI — Dr. 
 5 
 
24 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Shepard, c ; S. P. Parker, e ; 1 soc. m. Phs — Daniel Collins, 
 John M. Brewster, Cliarles Worthington, Robert Worthing- 
 ton. Atts — William P. Walker, Henry W. Bishop, George 
 J. Tucker, Joseph Tucker, William S. Tucker. P7w — Wm, 
 P. Walker. 
 
 Mount Washington. 
 
 At the S.W. corner of the state ; on the line of N. Y. and 
 N. of Salisbury, Ct., 135 miles W. by S. of Boston, 22 S.S.\V. 
 of Lenox, and 26 S.E. of Hudson. Mount Washington, in 
 this town, is 3160 feet above the level of the sea. This town 
 " has no minister, of any denomination, no doctor, no law- 
 yer, no post office, and no tavern." Large/crc^oriM of char- 
 coal. Inc. 1779 ; pop. 345 ; r. ps. 102 ; val. 32 cents ; s. m. 
 glOO. J. P— Merritt Smith, Charles Patterson. 
 
 New-Ashford. 
 
 On the line of N. ¥.; 130 miles W. by N. of Boston, 18 N, 
 of Lenox, and 8 S. of Williamstown. Source of Green River. 
 Mountainous. Fine white and variegated marble. One soc. 
 of m. No settled minister, physician, or attorney. Inc. 1801 ; 
 val. 29 cents ; pop. 285 ; r. ps. 73 ; s. m. g60. J. P — Phineas 
 Harmon. Pwi— S. Southworth. 
 
 New-Marlborongh. 
 
 Pop. 165G ; r. ps. 405 •, val. ^ 56 ; s. m. g600 ; inc. 1759. 
 136 miles S.W. by W. of Boston, 20 S. by E. of Lenox, 42 
 N.W. of Hartford, and 10 miles N. of North-Canaan, Ct. 
 Marble. There are two caverns in this town containing some 
 stalactites. One forge. CI — Harley Goodwin, and Mr. Fletch- 
 er, c J some b. and some ni. Phs — A. Rising, and Dr. Scho- 
 vil. Atts — Benjamin Sheldon, Augustus Turner. Pm — A- 
 Rising. 
 
 Otis. 
 
 Inc. 1793 ; pop. 1014 ; r. ps. 233 ; val. 75 cents ; s. m. ^4.50- 
 120 miles W. by S. of Boston, 15 S.E. of Lenox, and 40 E. 
 of Hudson. There are some large ponds ia this town, which 
 flow into Farmington river, Ct. CI — Rufus Pomeroy, c ; Mr. 
 Wolcott, e ; I soc. b •, 1 soc. m. Phs — William Beard, W. 
 L. Fitch, C. H. Little. ^H— Lester Filley. Pms—B. Sey- 
 mour; jBas<, E. Owen. 
 
 Peru. 
 
 Pop. 729 ; r. ps. 181 ; val. 78 cents ; s. m. ^300. 1 1 1 miles 
 W. of Boston, 18 N.E. of Lenox, and 47 E. of Albany. For- 
 
BERKSHIRE COUNTY. 25 
 
 merly Partridgefield. Inc. 1775. Rouffh and mountainous. 
 Branches of the Housatonick and Westneld rise in this town. 
 On the highest ground between the Connecticut and Hudson 
 rivers. CI — Thomas R. Rawson, c. J. P — Cyrus Stowell. 
 Pin — Oliver Nash. 
 
 Pittsfield. 
 
 A delightful town, at the union of two important branches 
 of the Housatonick river 5 1000 feet above the level of the 
 sea. The Indian PoiUoosuck. It is 123 miles W. of Boston, 
 5 N. of Lenox, and 33 miles E. of Albany. The " Agricul- 
 tural Bank" has a capital of |;iOO,000; Henry Shaw, Ft., 
 Ezekiel R. Colt, Cr. There are in this town 2 woolen facto- 
 ries, 2 cotton mills, a machii.e shop, and a large gun factory. 
 Here are also lars^e manufactories of carriages, and cabinet 
 and tin wares. The Berkshire Medical Institution is situated 
 here; also a gymnasium, a Dillingham school, and a female 
 seminary. Pop. 3,370; r. ps. 844 ; vai. ^3 57 ; inc. 1761. 
 CI — Edward Ballard, e ; Mr. Brimsmade, c; 1 v. soc. b. 
 Phs — Henry H. Childs, Robert Campbell, Asa Wright, and 
 Drs. Parker and Root. Pm — ^Joshua Danforth. Atis — See 
 Law- Register. 
 
 Richmond. 
 
 Inc. 1765; pop. 844; r. ps. 220; val. $1 04-; s. m. ^450. 
 An abundance of iron ore, marble and lime ; — large iron man- 
 ufactories. This town lies in a fertile and pleasant valley, on 
 a branch of the Housatonick river. CI — Edwin Dwight, c ; 
 1 soc. m. Ph— Br. Reed. J. P—E. Williams, Wm. S. 
 Leadbetter, J. L. Plummer. 135 miles W. of Boston, 5 W. 
 of Lenox, and 5 E. of Canaan, N. Y. Pm— Asa Coue. 
 
 Sandisfield. 
 
 Inc. 1762; pop. 1655 ; r. ps. 417 ; val. gl 83. 124 miles 
 W. by S. of Boston, 38 E. of Hudson, 18 S.E. by S. of Lenox, 
 and 9 miles N. of Colebrook, Ct. Clam river, a branch of the 
 Farmington, passes through this town. CI — P. T. Ilolle}', c ; 
 1 soc. b. Phs — Erastus Beach, and Drs. Rising and Pear- 
 son. Ait — Thomas Twining. 
 
 Savoy. 
 
 Inc. 1797 ; pop. 928 ; r. ps. 223 ; val. 60 cents. 123 miles 
 W.N.W. of Boston, and 20 N.N.E. of Lenox. Watered by 
 a branch of Deerfield river. Porcelain clay. CI — N. Mc- 
 Cullock, b ; Isoc.m; 1 v. soc.c. Ph — Nathan Weston. J. 
 P— Liberty Bowker, S. Babbitt. Pm — Liberty Bowker. 
 
26 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Sheffield. 
 
 10 miles N. by E. of Salisbury, Ct., 150 miles S.W. of Bos- 
 ton, 28 E. of Hudson, and 20 S. of Lenox. This towTi is 
 pleasantly situated on both sides of the Housatonick river. 
 It is the oldest town in the county. Iron ore and marble } 
 a ^raiu distillery, 2 marble saw mills, and a flour mill. Pop. 
 23<J2; r. ps. 530 ; val. $2 46 ; s. m. ;?750 ; inc. 1733. CI— 
 James Bradford, c ; 1 soc. m ; 1 soc. b. Phs — Oliver Peck, 
 Silas R. Kellogg. Aits—R, F. Barnard, E. F. Ensi.^n. Fms 
 — E. F. Ensign J East, E. S. Demming. 
 
 Stockbridgc. 
 
 Inc. 1739 ; pop. 1580 5 r. ps. 364 ; val. $1 73; s. m. g600. 
 130 miles W. of Boston, 25 N. of Canaan Falls, Ct., and 6 S. 
 of Lenox. Pleasantly situated on both sides of the Housa- 
 tonick. On a tributary of that river, in this town, are 4 large 
 cotton mills, 1 large chaise factory, and a furnace. Good 
 marble. The " Housatonick Bank" has a capital of « 100,000 ; 
 Cyrus Williams, Pt., E. Burrill, Cr. C/— David Field, and 
 1 V. soc. c ; 1 soc. e; 1 soc. m. Fhs — Royal Fowler, Alfred 
 Perry. Atts—S>. Janes, H. W. Dvvight, H. Byington. Pn«— 
 T. Pomeroy. 
 
 Tyringham. 
 
 This town gives rise to 2 small branches of the Housatonick. 
 " Hop Brook Valley," in this town, is a place of much beau- 
 ty. One large paper mill, one woolen factory, and two mar- 
 ble saw mills. Many pails and rakes are made here. 125 
 miles W. of Boston, 14 S.E. of Lenox, and 33 E. of Hudson. 
 Inc. 1762 ; pop. 1331; r. ps. 341 ; val. ^1 13; s. m. 5500. 
 CI — Lucius Field, c ; Ira Hall, b ; 1 soc. m ; a family of sha- 
 kers of 120. Pft— Miller Sabin. J. P— Samuel C. Buel, E. 
 B. Garfield, John Langdon. Pms— A. Miller; South, S.C 
 Buel ; North, W. Arnold. 
 
 Waghington. 
 
 Watered by branches of the Westfield and Housatonick 
 rivers. 122 miles W. of Boston, 8 E. of Lenox, and 40 S.E. 
 by E. of Springfield. Mountainous. In this town is found a 
 porous quartz, which is used as buhr stones, for mill-stones, and 
 IS remarkable for resisting heat. Inc. 1777 ; pop. 701 ; r. ps. 
 183 ; val. 56 cents ; s. m. g300. CV— Caleb Knight, c ; 1 soc. 
 m; Isoc.b. J. P — PhilipEames, Wm. G. Ballantine. Pm— 
 W. G. Ballantine. 
 
BERKSHIRE COUNTY. 27 
 
 West-Stockbridge. 
 
 On the line of New-York. Williams river affords this town 
 a great water power. Incorporated 1774 ; pop. 1208 5 r. ps. 
 330 ; val. ^1 09. Fine iron ore and marble. One large flour 
 mill, 12 marble saw mills, 2 nail factories, a cotton mill, forge, 
 pail factor}', and other mechanical operations by water. This 
 IS a flourishing town, and will derive great advantages (in 
 common with the whole county) by the passage through it of 
 the great western railroad from Boston to Albany. 135 miles 
 W. of Boston, 9 S.S.W. of Lenox, 26 E. by N. of Hudson, 
 64 N.VV. of Hartford, and 37 1-2 miles S.E. by S. of Albany, 
 by the proposed railroad. CI — Munson Gaylord, Nathan 
 Shaw, c ; 1 soc. b ; 1 soc. m. Fhs — Luke Dewey, Dudley 
 Leavitt, and Dr. Hand. Alt — Robbins Kellogg. Pni — E. 
 Kellogg. 
 
 Williamstown. 
 
 Inc. 1765 ; pop. 2132 ; r. ps. 488 ; val. ^2 24 ; s. m. ^1000. 
 At the N. W. corner of the county; 6 miles S. of Pownal, Vt. 
 and E. of Berlin, New-York ; 135 miles W. by N. of Boston, 
 27 N. of Leno.x, 49 N.W. of Northampton, and 26 E. by N. 
 of Albany. This is a pleasant town, situated in a fertile val- 
 ley, and well watered. Considerable manufactures on Hoo- 
 sick and Green rivers. Here is a tepid spring, of considera- 
 ble use in cutaneous diseases. Colonel Epiiraim Williams 
 founded an Academy here previous to 1790. In 1793, the 
 Academy was incorporated as Williams College, since which 
 it has increased both in funds and usefulness. Succession of 
 Presidents. Dr. Ebenezer Fitch, from 1793 to 1815; Dr. Z. 
 S. Moore, from 1815 to 1821 ; Dr. Edward D. Griffin, from 
 1821. Professor of Divinity, Dr. Edward D. Griffin; Pro- 
 fessor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, Albert Hop- 
 kins, A. M.; Professor of Moral Philosophy and Rhetoric, 
 Mark Hopkins, A. M.; Professor of Languages, Ebenezer 
 Kellogg, A. M.; Professor of Natural History, Ebenezer 
 Emmons, A. M., M. D.; Lecturer on Chemistry, Edward 
 Lazell, A. M.; Tutors, J. L. Partridge, E. T. Mack, George 
 Hale. ContmencemfTi^, 3d Wednesday in August. Vacations. 
 First — four weeks from commencement ; second — six weeks 
 from 3d Wednesday in December; third — three weeks from 
 1st Wednesday in May. CI — J. Alden, c; W.C.Johnson, 
 b; 2 socs. m. Phs — Samuel Smith, Ebenezer Emmons, H. 
 L. Sabin, James Smedley. Atts — Daniel N. Dewe)', Henry 
 S.Raymond. Pms — Phineas Cone ; )So«</i, John P. Jordan. 
 6" 
 
28 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Windsor. 
 
 Pop. 1042 ; r. ps. 259 ; val. 90 cents ; s. m. ^300 ; inc. 
 1771. 117 miles W. by N. of Boston, 12 E.N.E. of Pittsfield, 
 and 18 N.N.E. of Lenox. Higii land — source of the east 
 branch of the Housaionick river. The Westfield river also 
 rises from a pond in this town. Beds of serpentine and soap 
 stone. Good farmers. C/— George Walker, b ; 1 v. soc. c. 
 Ph—Dt. Brigffs. J. P— E. Baldwin, Daniel O. Holbrook. 
 Pm— H. M. Wells, 
 
 Zoah. 
 
 A small, unincorporated tract, hemmed in between Florida, 
 Monroe, Rowe, and Charlemont — pop. 129. 135 miles W. by 
 N. of Boston. A fine bed of serpentine, — a speciesof rock of 
 various colors, used in sculpture and ornamental architecture, 
 — is found here ; also soapstone. This place is mountainous : 
 it has much wild scenery, and a good water power. 
 
BRISTOL COUNTY. 
 
 The surface of this county is somewhat broken, but eene- 
 raliy level. Its soil in many parts is of an inferior quality. Area, 
 600 sq. miles. It has a maritime coast of considerable extent, 
 and its people are extensively engaged in navigation. The 
 tonnage of the two districts in this county (New-Bedford and 
 Dighton) is 75,188 tons. This county gives rise to many im- 
 portant streams that fall into Massachusetts and Narraganset 
 bays, and its water power is abundant in almost every town. 
 It abounds in excellent iron ore, and in no section of our 
 country, of its extent, are more extensive manufactures of 
 that material, for almost all the uses of man. This county is 
 bounded N. by Norfolk Co.; E. by Plymouth Co.; S.E. by 
 Buzzard's Bay ; and W. by the counties of Providence, Bris- 
 tol, and Newport, R. I. In King Philip's time this part of the 
 country was called jPaM'Cii7i7?a!rcM«. It was inc. 1685; pop. 1820, 
 40,908—1830, 49,474; r. ps. 11,527 ; val. $58 62. Cent. lat. 
 41° 15' N., Ion. 70° 65' W. The Taunton and Pawtucket, 
 both emptying into Narraganset bay, are its chief rivers. — 19 
 towns ; 82 inhabitants to a square mile. 
 
 Attleborough. 
 
 This town is at the N.W. corner of the county ; 12 miles N. 
 of Providence, 8 N.W. of Taunton, and 28 S. of Boston. A 
 branch of the Pawtucket rises here, and several other rivers 
 pass through the town. Fine water power. It was inc. 1694 ; 
 pop. 3215; r. ps. 748; val. ^3 07. In this town are 8 cotton 
 mills, with about 13,000 spindles, and 350 looms, employing 
 420 hands. There are also an extensive metal button factory, 
 employing 75 hands, and considerable manufactories of jew- 
 elry, glass buttons, shuttles, and straw hats. 67— -John Fur- 
 gerson, Charles Simmons, and S. W. Colburn. c ; J. E. For- 
 bush, b; 1 soc. u. Phs — S. Carpenter, Phineas Savory, J. 
 Hatch, and Dr. Martin. Att — John Doggett. Pms— Ira 
 Osborne ; North, Israel Hatch ; East. W. Blackington. 
 
80 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Berkley. 
 
 Inc. 1735 ; pop. 907 ; r. )is. "20S ; val. 82 cents ; s. m. ^350, 
 37 miles S. of Boston, 5 S. of Taunton, and 18 E. of Provi- 
 dence. On the E. side of Taunton river. This place has 
 about ten sail of coasting vessels, and some iron ore. CI — 
 1 V. soc. c. J. P— Barzillai Crane, Adoniram Crane, and 
 others. Pm — Asahel Hathaway. 
 
 Dartmouth* 
 
 The Aponiganset of the Indians. A seaport on Buzzard's 
 bay, on the west side of Accushnet river, 56 miles S. of Bos- 
 ton, 23 S. by E. of Taunton, and 3 W. of New-Bedford. 
 Inc. 1664- ; pop. 3867 ; r. ps. 889 ; val. ^3 69 ; s. m. ^1000. 
 Three whale ships are owned at this place, and some coasting 
 and fishing vessels. It has a linseed oil mill and some iron 
 ore. CI — Thomas C. Richmond, c^ Daniel Hix, Howard 
 Tripp, and Mr. Benson, b ; 4 societies of friends. Plis—S. 
 P. Winslow, and two others. J. f— Joseph Gifford, Elisha 
 Slocum, &c. Commissioner of Wrecks — Prince Sears, Jr. 
 Pms — A. Tacker ; North, John Cummings 5 South, B. How- 
 land. 
 
 Dighton. 
 
 A port of entrv on the west side of Taunton river, opposite 
 to Berkley. Inc". 1712 ; pop. 1737 ; r. ps. 399 ; val. 5I 54 3 
 s. m. 5450. 40 miles S. of Boston, 8 S. of Taunton, and 20 
 N.W. by W. of New-Bedford. There are in this place three 
 cotton factories, a furnace, and other iron works. Tonnage 
 of the district, 4,688 tons. The noted " Dighton Rock," so 
 called, on which are inscriptions difficult to decypher, in fact 
 lies on the Berkley side of the river. CI — Abraham Gushee, 
 Preston Cummins, c ; Mr. Blackman, b ; 1 soc. m. Ph — Al- 
 fred Wood. J. P — David Hathaway, &.c. Pm — William 
 Newhall. 
 
 Easton. 
 
 In this town are five small cotton factories, with 2,500 spin- 
 dles ; a shovel factory, making 6,000 dozen a year, valued at 
 550,000, and an extensive iron foundry. There are many 
 shoes and much straw manufactured here. Two branches of 
 Taimton river pass the town. Iron ore. CI — Luther Sheldon, 
 and 1 v. soc. c ; 1 soc. m. Phs — Caleb Swan, Samuel Dean, 
 Z. Randall, F. W. Perry, J. B. Dean. Att—Cyms Lathrop. 
 Inc. 1725 ; pop. 1756 ; r. ps. 473 ; val. gl 91. 22 miles S. of 
 Boston, 10 N. by W. of Taunton, and 22 N.E. by N. of Prov- 
 idence. Pms — Daniel Wheaton ; Turnpike, B. Alger. 
 
BRISTOL COUNTY. 81 
 
 Fairhaven. 
 
 This pleasant town was taken from New-Bedford, in 1812. 
 It lies, across Aqueshnet river, about a mile east of New- 
 Bedford. It is united to New-Bedford by a long bridge, and 
 is associated with it in many of its enterprizes. Pop. 30J4 ; 
 r. ps. 697 ; val. $3 62 ; s. m. ^1,500. The '• Fairhaven Bank" 
 has a capital of ;5lOO,000— E. Sawin, Pt.; D. McB. Thaxter, 
 Cr. The " Fairhaven Insurance Company" has a capital of 
 S100,000— W. Delano, Pt.; Asa Swift, Jr. Sec'y. 67— W. 
 Gould, c ; Mr. Taylor, b ; 2 socs. m ; 1 soc. friends. Ph — J. 
 S.May hew. Atl — 'Nathaniel S. Spooner. Pms — Joshua Drew; 
 North, Cyrus Clark. 
 
 Fall River. 
 
 This town took the name of Troy in 1803. Inl834, the 
 name was changed to that of the river within its borders, at 
 the junction of which and Taunton river the town is very 
 pleasantly situated. This town is without a parallel on the 
 continent of America in regard to the union of hydraulic pow- 
 ers and navigable facilities. Fall river rises in Waiiuppa 
 Ponds ; one of which is 11 miles in length and 1 in breadth. 
 T 3se ponds are produced by perpetual springs, and lie about 
 two miles east of the tawn. 'I'he descent of this river is 136 
 feet. The volume of water is constant, not liable to excess, 
 and of sufficient power for the largest manufactories. In this 
 town are 9 cotton factories, with 31,000 spindles, and 1,100 
 looms ; 2 printing establishments, furnishing 5,000,000 yards 
 of calico annually ; 1 satinet factory, making 250,000 yards 
 annually; 1 rolling and slitting mill, making annually 700 tons 
 of nails. There are also one iron foundry, and two machine 
 shops. The number of operatives in the manufacturing estab- 
 lishments is 1,768. The price paid for labor is 5316,175, and 
 the cost of stock and materials manufactured is ^ 1,122,583, 
 annually. The " Fall River Bank" has a capital of ^200,000 
 —David Anthony Pt.; M. C. Durfee, Cr. The " Fall River 
 Insurance Company" has a capital of ^100,000 — John Eddy, 
 Pt. The harbor on Taunton river is safe and easy of access, 
 and of sufficient depth of water for the largest ships. Two 
 ships from this port are engaged in the whale fisher}'. It has 
 also some merchant and coasting vessels. A marine rail- 
 way was constructed here in 1834. Population, 1830, 4159 — 
 1834, 5,600 ; r. ps. 956 ; val. gi 82. 18 miles N.E. of New- 
 port, 12 E. by N. of Bristol, 18 S.E. of Providence, 14 W. of 
 IVew-Bedford, 17 S. of Taunton, 49 S. of Boston, and 190 E. 
 N.E. of New-York. This town has an abundance of fine gran- 
 ite, equal to the Quincy. A railroad is in progress, to meet 
 
32 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 the Boston and Providence, at Seekonk, 13 miles. The Po- 
 casset Hotel, belonging to a company of gentlemen, is a splen- 
 did building, constructed in 1833. No house in the country- 
 affords better accommodations. A regular steamboat line is 
 established between this place and Providence : — Distance, by 
 water, 28 miles. CI — Orin Fowler, G. W. Briggs, c ; Simeon 
 Clough, c.n ; Asa Brunson, b. There is a large society of 
 friends in this town, and a society of methodists. Phs — E. 
 Glazier, J. H. Archer, F. Hooper, Thomas Wilbour, N. Dur- 
 fec, B. B. Sisson. Atts — James Ford, H. Battelle, J. Hatha- 
 way, Cyrus Alden, E. Williams Pms — Benjamin Anthony, 
 Wm. B. Canedy. Collector — Phineas W. Leland. 
 
 Freetown. 
 
 On the east side of Taunton river, 8 miles S. of Taunton, 
 12 N. by W. of New-Bedford, and 40 S. of Boston. First 
 settled, 1659 ; inc. 1683 ; pop. 1909 ; r. ps. 439 ; val. $1 73. 
 This town has between 20 and 30 sail of freighting vessels — 2 
 furnaces and other iron works — granite and iron ore. CI— 
 Stetson Raymond, c ; Abner Janes, James Taylor, b ; 1 soc. 
 friends. Phs — William Carpenter, Thomas Bump, and Dr. 
 Pratt. Atts — E. P. Hathaway and Mr. Eddy. i*wi^ George 
 Pickens. 
 
 Mansfield. 
 
 Some branches of Taunton river furnish this town with a 
 
 food water power. It has 6 cotton mills and a satinet factory, 
 'aken from Norton, 1770} pop. 1172; r. ps.2fi9; val. $1 13; 
 s. m. g353 50. 11 miles N.N.W. of Taunton, 18 S.W. of 
 Providence, and 26 S. S.W. of Boston. CI — a soc. friends; 
 1 v. soc. c ; 1 soc. m; 1 soc. c.n. Phs — Benjamin Billings, 
 R. Green, H. Skinner, Charles Talbot. ^«— David Gilbert. 
 Pm — Solomon Pratt. 
 
 New-Bedford. 
 
 This is a half shire town of Bristol County, and port of en- 
 try, pleasantly situated on the west side of the Acushnet, a 
 river, or more properly an estuary, connected with Buzzard's 
 Bay. The ground on which the town stands rises rapidly 
 from the river, and affords an interesting view from the oppo- 
 site side. 
 
 This harbor, though not easy of access, is capacious and 
 well secured from winds. A wooden bridge, near the centre 
 of the town, connects it with the village of Fairhaven. A 
 ferry has also been established, on which it is proposed to run 
 a steamboat. 
 
BRISTOL COUNTY 33 
 
 New-Bedford was incorporated in 1787, previous to which 
 it constituted a part of the town of Dartmouth. In 1812, the 
 eastern part was set off as a separate township by the name 
 of Fairhaven. 
 
 The almost exclusive business of the place is the whale 
 fishery, which commenced before the war of the revolution, 
 and has gradually ^rown to its present importance. The in- 
 crease, however, within the last ten years has been more rapid 
 than during any former period. The number of ships and 
 brigs now employed is 141. Tonnage of the district, 70,650 
 tons. 
 
 There are ten oil manufactories, at which a large amount of 
 oil and candles is made. A considerable quantity of the oil 
 imported is, however, sold in ihe crude state to other places. 
 
 Few places in Massachusetts have increased in population 
 more rapidly than this. By the census of 1790, the population 
 of the village was about 700. In 1830, the township contained 
 7692— in 1833, 9,200 ; r. ps. 1746 5 val. 514 85 ; s. m. g8 250. 
 Within a few years, the inhabitants of this town have mani- 
 fested a commendable liberality in providing the means of ed- 
 ucation. There are in the town an academy, 16 public and a 
 number of private schools; — some of them of high rank. 
 This town has 4 banks, v/ith a capital of gl,o00,000, and an 
 insurance capital of ^400,000. It lies 52 miles S. of Boston, 
 62 N.W. of Nantucket, and 214 N.E. by E. of New-York, 
 CI — Sylvester Holmes, James A. Roberts, Daniel C. Burt, c; 
 John O. Shoules, b ; Charles Morgridge, Luther Baker, c.n ; 
 1 soc. friends ; N. T. Bent, e ; 1 soc. u; 2 socs. m; a mari- 
 ners' chapel, a catholic church, and an African c.n. society. 
 /"/(.?— Paul Spooner, Alexander Read, Wm C. Whitridge, 
 Andrew Maekie, T. T. Wells, J. S. Mayhew, Edward W. 
 Greene, Samuel West, Jr., Lyman Bartlctt, Zarah Baker, 
 Atls — See Laiv-Register. Collector of the Ciw/oms— Lemuel 
 Williams. Commissioner of WVec^s— Charles Grennell. Pm 
 — R. Williams. 
 
 Norton. 
 
 This town was inc. 171 1 ; pop. 1484 ; r. ps. 341 ; val. gl 92 ; 
 s. m. poo. It is 8 miles N.W. of Taunton, 30 S. of Boston, 
 and 17 N.E. of Providence. This place has 4 cotton facto- 
 ries — iron ore, and a species of yellow ochre. The town is 
 well watered by Cocasset, Canoe, and Rumford rivers. Win- 
 nicunnet cave is something of a curiosity. CI — Pitt Clark, c. 
 died 13th Feb. 1835, in the 42d year of his ministry ; — This 
 society is now v. Ph — Richard F. Sweet. Atts — Laban 
 Wheaton, Laban M. Wheaton. Pm — Laban M. Wheaton. 
 
S4 Massachusetts directory, 
 
 Pawtucket. 
 
 An important manufacturing village, below the falls on a 
 powerful river of that name. The village of Pawtucket lies 
 on both sides of the river — and including the North Provi- 
 dence side, in R. I., contains about 6000 inhabitants. The 
 first manufacture of cotton cloth in this country, by water 
 power machinery, was commenced at this place. The water 
 power is immense, and the fall of the river within a short dis- 
 tance is 50 feet. There are now in the village of Pawtucket 
 12 cotton factories with 35,000 spindles and 1000 looms. The 
 Franklin calico printing works do a great business. There 
 are also 5 machine shops and a number of iron works. About 
 2000 operatives are employed in these establishments. The 
 river is navigable to the village for vessels of considerable 
 burthen. It runs 4 miles S. by W. to Providence river, at In- 
 dia Point — one mile below the centre of the city of Provi- 
 dence. The river, ahcve Pawtucket, takes the name of Blaclc- 
 sfone. This place is 4 miles N. of Providence, 36 S. of Boston, 
 16 W. by S. of Taunton, and 38 S.E. of Worcester. The 
 town lies on the east side of the river, is two miles square, and 
 was taken from Seekonk, in 1828. Pop. 1458 ; r. ps. 335 ; 
 val. gl 40 j s. m. JjSOO. " Pawtucket Bank" has a capital of 
 5100,000— A. A. Tillinghast, Cn C/— Barnabas Phinney, c ; 
 (on the R. I. side — 1 soc. c ; 1 soc. b, and 1 soc. m.) Phs — • 
 Ira Barrows, Draper Carpenter ; (on the R. I. side — Niles 
 Manchester, C. Gardner.) Alls — ApoUos Cushman, Collins 
 Darling ; and John H. Weeden of North Providence. 
 
 Raynham. 
 
 This town lies on Taunton river, and was taken from Taun-' 
 ton in \1Z\. Pop. 1209 ; r. ps 278; val. $\ 17. It is 30 
 miles S. of Boston, 3 N.E. of 'I aunton, and 24 E. of Provi- 
 dence. There are a number ';f large ponds in this town pro- 
 ducing a good water power, and to which vast quantities of 
 herring (alewives) resort. On the banks of one of these ponds 
 the celebrated King Philip had a hunting house. The first 
 forge in America was erected in this town, by James and 
 Henry Leonard, in 1652. The house of the Leonards, an old 
 Gothic building, is now standing, and owned by the 7th gene- 
 ration. Here are a large shovel factory, a wire mill, and a 
 furnace ; also a nail factory, which has produced eleven tons 
 of nails daily. Good iron ore. CZ— Enoch Sanford, Simeon 
 Daggett, c ; 1 v. soc. b. Ph — Elisha Hayward, /. P — G. 
 Robinson, Amos Hall, E. B. Dean, John Gilmore. 
 
RRISTOL COUNTY. 35 
 
 Rehoboth. 
 
 The So.ronfii of the Indians, — watered by Palmer's river, — 
 40 miies S. by VV. of Boston, 10 S.W. of Taunton, 6 W. of 
 Di^hton, and 7 E. of Providence. This place has two cotton 
 factories. First settled, lfi44' ; inc. 1645 ; pop. 2468 ; r. ps. 
 66.5 ; val. $2 33 ; s. m. g;;00. C/— Otis Thompson and Thos. 
 Vernon, c ; Cliilds Luther, George Kilton, b ; 1 soc. m. Phs — 
 S. Bullock, R. Carpenter, and Dr. Randall. J. P— Thomas 
 Carpenter, James Bliss, and others. Puis — G. Stevens; Cen- 
 tre, J. Wheaton, Jr. 
 
 Seekonk. 
 
 On Providence river and the southern termination of the 
 Boston and Providence railroad. On Ten-Mile river, a branch 
 of the Pawtucket or Seekonk river, are 3 cotton factories, with 
 about 5000 spindles and 150 looms. 41 miles S. of Boston, 4 
 E. by N. of Providence, and 14 S. W. of Taunton. Taken 
 from Rehoboth in 1812; pop. 2134; r. ps. 482 ; val. gl 86; 
 s. m. ^500. C/— Jnmes O. Barney, c ; Henry Clark, b. Phs 
 —Calvin Martin, Theophilus Hutchins, Benoni Carpenter. 
 Att — Ezra Wilkinson. Pms — Church Gray ; South, Allen 
 Munroe. 
 
 Somerset. 
 
 On Taunton river, opposite the town of Fall River, and the 
 starting place of the railroad from Fall River to Providence. 
 Distance to Providence, 13 miles S. W. This town has good 
 navigable waters, with about 1200 tons of shipping, and seven 
 potteries. Some indications of anthracite coal. 45 miles S. 
 of Boston, 13 S. of Taunton, and 7 S. of Di^hton. Inc. 
 1790; pop. 1014; r. ps. 235; val. 99 cents. C/— Elisha Slade, 
 b; 1 soc. friends ; 1 soc. m. J. P — Wheaton Luther, Jona- 
 than B. Slade. Pm*— Elisha Slade, Jr.; West, Nathaniel 
 Mason. 
 
 Swansey. 
 
 This is a pleasant town of some navigation and ship build- 
 ing, on the west side of the Taunton, and watered by Cole's 
 river. It lies 46 miles S. by W. of Boston, 14 S.W. by S. of 
 Taunton, and 10 N.E. of Bristol, R. I. It has a cotton facto- 
 ry, a paper mill, and a woolen factory. CI — Jesse Briggs and 
 Mr. Potter, b ; 1 soc. N. J. C. P/;s— John Winslow, John W. 
 Wlnslow. J. P — John Mason, Thomas Peck, and others. 
 Inc. 1667 ; pop. 1677 ; r. ps. 384 ; val. gl 55 ; s. m. ^406 50. 
 Pm— John Mason. 
 6 
 
36 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Taunton. 
 
 This beautiful place, a shire town of the count}', is at the 
 head of sloop navigation, on the river whose name it bears. 
 It lies 32 miles S. of Boston, 20 E.N.E of Providence, 32 N. 
 N.E. of Newport, and 415 miles from Washington. This 
 place has an abundant water power, by the junction of Canoe 
 and Rumford rivers with the Taunton, which is well improved 
 for manufacturing purposes. In this town are 8 cotton facto- 
 ries, a large establishment for printing calico, a large forge, 
 and factories for making nails, wire, hoop iron, tacks, brads, 
 sheet zink, for the covermg of houses ; coaches and chaises, 
 &c. &c. There are about 30 sail of coasters, of considerable 
 burthen, which ply between this and the neighboring ports. 
 A railroad is in progress between this place and Boston. 
 When this is accomplished and the improvements on Taunton 
 river are completed, another safe and easy route, by steam, 
 between the capitals of New-England and New- York will be 
 effected. This place has three banks : — " Taunton," capital 
 ^250,000— Samuel Crocker, Pt.; Samuel B. King, Cr. " Bris- 
 tol County," capital g 100,000— Wm. A. Crocker, Pt. " Co- 
 hannet," capital ,S?100,000— D. Wilmarth, Pt.; H. M. Barney, 
 Cr. There are also two insurance companies : — The " Mutual 
 Fire," Marcus Morton, Pt.; Alfred Williams, Sec'y ; and the 
 " Fire and Marine," capital g 100,000, William Reed, Pi.; H. 
 Washburn, Sec'y. There are in this town a number of insti- 
 tutions for the promotion of moral and religious knowledge. 
 C/— Alvan Cobb, Erasius Mallby, A. Bigelow, c ; E. C. Bull, 
 e ; Mr. Ti-ask, and 1 v. soc. b ; a soc. m ; 1 soc. u ; and 1 soc. 
 r. c. Phs — Ebenezer Dawes, Alfred Baylies, George Leon- 
 ard, and Dr. Gordon. Atts. and J. P — See Law-Register. 
 This town was inc. 1639 ; pop. 1820, 4,620— 1830, 6,045; r. 
 ps. 1445 ; val. $1 46 ; s. m. g3000. Pm—3ose^\i L. Lord. 
 
 ■Westport. 
 
 On Acoakset river, near the mouth of Buzzard's Bay, on 
 the line of Rhode-Island— 18 miles N.N.E. of Newport, 25 S. 
 of Taunton, 10 S. by E. of Fall River, 10 S. W. of New-Bed- 
 ford, and 60 S. of Boston. Three brigs belong to this place, 
 engaged in the whaling business, and a number of small ves- 
 sels are employed in coasting and fishing. It has a cotton 
 mill and some other factories. CI — 2 socs. friends ; I soc. m ; 
 and I b. soc. Phs — James H. Handy, Thomas Richmond. 
 J. P— Abner B. Gifford, N. C. Brownell, and others. Inc. 
 1787 ; pop. 2773 ; r. ps. 638 ; val. $2 76 ; s. m. ^900. Pni— 
 Stephen Howland. 
 
DUKES COUNTY. 
 
 This county is formed of the islands of Martha's Vineyard, 
 Cliappequiddick, Elizabeth Islands, and No Man's Land — the 
 latter of which is the southern extremity of Massachusetts. 
 These islands lie off and south of Barnstable county and Buz- 
 zard's bay, and contain about 1 20 square miles. The princi- 
 pal island, Martha's Vineyard, the Indian Nope, or Capawock, 
 was first settled by the whites, at Edgarton, in 1641, and is 21 
 miles ia length and 6 in breadth. Although a large portion of 
 this county is woodland, and many of the people engaged in 
 the fisheries and coasting trade, yet considerable exports are 
 annually made of wool, woolen cloth, salt and grain. This 
 county suffered much during the revolutionary war. In 1778, 
 the people were compelled to surrender their fire arms and 
 2,300 head of cattle to the British. Inc. 1695; pop. 1820, 
 3,292—1830, 3,518; r. ps. 1022 ; val. gS 36. Central lat. 41° 
 25' N.J Ion. 70° 25' W. — 3 towns ; 30 inhabitants to a square 
 mile. 
 
 Chilmark. 
 
 This town lies on the S. and W. part of Martha's Vineyard- 
 Gaij Head, in this town, is the south point of the island ; it is 
 150 feet above the sea, and is crowned with one of the five 
 light-houses in this county. Gay Head is about 60 miles E.N. 
 E. of Montauk, on Long Island, and bears marks of having 
 been subject to volcanic eruptions. This place abounds in 
 specimens of minerals worthy the notice of geologists. This 
 part of the island is inhabited by some descendants of the na- 
 tive Indians, who own part of the lands. Inc. 1714 ; pop. 691 ; 
 r. ps. 185 ; vnl. 95 cents ; s. m. ^325. 92 miles S.E. of Bos- 
 ton, 33 W. of Nantucket, 23 S.E. by S. of New-Bedford, and 
 12 S.W. by S. of Edgarton. CI—] v. soc. c ; 1 soc. m. J. P 
 —Matthew Mayhew, H. P. Mayhew. Comm'r of Wrecks — 
 John Hancock. Pm — Matthew Mayhew. 
 
38 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Edgarton. 
 
 County lown and port of entry on the island of Martha's 
 Vineyard— 91 miles S. E. of Boston, 20 N.W. by W. of Nan- 
 tucket, 28 S.E. by E. of New-Bedford, 20 S. of Falmouth, 
 and 495 miles from Washington. Inc. 1671 ; pop. 1309 ; r. 
 ps. 490 ; val. ;j;i 31 ; s. m. g450. Edrarton (Old Town) har- 
 bor is on the east side of the town, in Tat. 41° 25' N.; Ion. 70° 
 26' W. This township includes the fertile island of Chappe- 
 quiddick, on the southeast, on which are some Indians. Seven 
 whale ships belong to this place, and a number of coasting 
 vessels. It has an incorporated academy in good standing. 
 This is said to be the only place in the state where grouse are 
 native. CI — Ebenezer Poor, c ; 1 soc. m ; 1 soc. b. Phs— 
 Daniel Fisher, Samuel Whelden. Attn — T. G. Mayhew, L. 
 Thaxter. Collector — John P. Norton. Conim. of Wrecks— 
 Thomas Mayhew, 2d. Pm — Timothy Coffin. 
 
 Tisbury. 
 
 On Martha's Vineyard. Inc. 1671 ; pop. 1318; r. ps. 347; 
 val. gl 10; s. m. ^550. 8 miles W. of Edearton, 6 S. of 
 Falmouth, 23 S.E. of New-Bedford, and 85 S.S.E. of Boston. 
 The celebrated harbor of " Holmes Hole" is on the N.E. side 
 of the town and island. CI — 1 soc. m. Ph — Dr. Yale. All— 
 Thomas Dunham. Commissioner of Wrecks — Ebenezer Skiff. 
 J. P — Thomas Dunham, Charles G, Atherton, and others. 
 Pm — S. Dunham, 
 
ESSEX COUNTY. 
 
 This county is bounded N.W. by Rockingham counlj's 
 N.H., S.W. by Middlesex county, E. and N.E. by the Atlan- 
 tic ocean, and S.E. by Massachusetts Bay. There is much 
 food land in this county, but its surface is rocky and uneven, 
 t has an extensive sea coast, indented with numerous bays, 
 inlets, and capacious harbors. It is more densely populated 
 ■than any county of its size in the United States. It has great 
 wealth, and its commerce and fisheries are unrivalled by any 
 section of country, of its extent, on the globe. Inc. 1643; 
 pop. 1820, 7.3,930—1830, 82,887 ; r. ps. 20,664. ; val. ^120 64 ; 
 area, 360 sq. miles. Cent. lat. 42° 40' N. ; Ion. 70° 45' W. 
 The tonnage of the five districts in this county is 72,653 tons. 
 Its bank and insurance capital amounts to six million of dol- 
 lars. Its thief rivers are the Merrimack and Shawsheen. — 26 
 towns ; 230 inhabitants to a square mile. 
 
 Amesbary. 
 
 On the N. side of the Merrimack river. Taken frorsi Salis- 
 bury in 1668, and separated from it by Powow river. Pop. 
 2,445 ; r. ps. 633-, val. %2 64; s. m. ^1,20C. 40 miles N.E. 
 of Boston, 6 N.W. of Nevvburyport, 7 N.E. of Haverhill, and 
 27 N.E. of Salem. A pond, covering about 1000 acres, back 
 of the town, 90 feet above t!ie sea, serves as a reservoir for a 
 constant and extensive water povver. There are in this town 
 2 large flannel factories, a satinet factory, an extensive estab- 
 lishment for building coaches and chaises, and considerable 
 ship building. About half of the population of this town is en- 
 gaged in mechanical labor. Josiah Bartlett, M.D. one of the 
 signers of the declaration of independence, was born here Nov. 
 1729. He died May 19, 1795. C/— Benjamin Sawyer, Peter 
 S. Eaton, Joseph II. Towne, c. ; 1 soc. friends ; 1 soc. a. 
 P/is— Israel Balch, Benjamin Atkinson. Ati — Robert Cross. 
 Pms — Philip Osgood ; West, Edward Sargent. 
 
40 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Andover. 
 
 This town lies on the south side of the Merrimack river, and 
 is well watered by the Shawsheen river ; and by Great Pond 
 and Haggeti's Pond, covering an area of 721 acres. It is 20 
 miles N. by W. of Boston, 16 N.N.W. of Salem, 10 E. of 
 Lowell, and 43 S.S.E. of Concord, N. H. This town was 
 first settled in 1643; inc. 1646; pop. 4640; r. ps. 1177; 
 val. S6 ; s. m. ^1700. The " Andover Bank" has a capital 
 of pOO,000; Samuel Farrar, Pt., A. Blanchard, Cr. This 
 place has a valuable water power, which is used for manu- 
 facturing purposes to a great extent. " Phillips' Academy," 
 in this town, was incorporated in 1780, and ranks with the 
 first institutions of the kind in the country. Its funds are 
 about 560,000. Preceptor— -Osgood Johnson ; Teacher qfPen- 
 TOa?rs/u'p— William Janes ; Principal of the EnglishDeparlment 
 —Rev. S. R. Hall. Tlie " Theological Institution," in this 
 town, was founded in 1306. Its funds are about ^500,000. The 
 office of President is vacant by the death of the late Rev. 
 Ebenezer Porter. Abbot Professor of Christian Theology, 
 Leonard Woods, D. D. ; Associate Professor of Sacred Lit- 
 erature — Rev. Moses Stuart; Brown Professor of Ecclesias- 
 tical //w^07-z^— Ralph Emerson, D. D. ; Barllett Professor oj 
 Sacred Rhetoric — Thomas H. Skinner, D. D. Vacatio7is. 
 First — five weeks from the last Wednesday in April ; second 
 —five weeks from the 2d Wednesday in September. This is 
 a beautiful town, of fine soil, and variegated landscape, and 
 no place is better situated for seminaries of learning. CI— 
 Bailey Loring, M. Badger, and Samuel C. Jackson, c ; James 
 Huckings, b ; 1 soc. m ; 1 soc. u. Phs — Joseph Kittredge, 
 Nathaniel Swift, Daniel Wardwell. Acts — See Law Register, 
 Pms — Nathaniel Swift ; North, James Slovens. 
 
 Boxford. 
 
 This town was inc. 1685 ; pop. 937 ; r ps. 222 ; val. ^1 38 
 s. m. 5600. 26 miles N. of Boston, 13 S.W. of Newburyport 
 10 W. by N. of Ipswich, and 17 E.N.E of Lowell. C/— Johr 
 Whitney, Peter Eaton ; 1 v. soc. c. Phs — George W. Saw 
 yer, George Moody, J. P — Jonathan Foster, Moses Dorman 
 Jr. &c. Pms — Parker Spofibrd ; West, Benjamin Pearl. 
 
 Beverly. 
 
 This town lies N. of Salem, and is united to it by a bridge 
 across the North river, built in 1788. 1500 feet in length. The 
 people of this town are noted for their enterprize in commerce 
 and the fisheries. There are some merchant vessels belonging 
 to this place, about 60 sail of fishermen and 20 coasters. 
 
ESSEX COUNTY. 41 
 
 There are larjfe manufactures of shoes and cabinet ware in 
 this town ; also a rope walk and 2 hair factories. First set- 
 tled, 1626; inc. 1668; pop. 4079; r. ps. 1048; val. $o 10; 
 s. m. 51887. " Beverly Bank" has a capital of ^100,000— 
 William Leach, Pt.; A. Thorndike, Cr. CI — Christopher 
 T. Thayer, Joseph Abbot, Mr. Stone, and Mr. Foot, c ; John 
 Jenninffs and 1 v. soc. b. Phs — Ingalls Kittredg-e, Ingalls 
 Kittreage, Jr., W. C. Boyden, Augustus Torrey, and Dr. 
 Coggswell. Alt — Thomas Stephens. Pm — Jonathan Smith. 
 
 Bradford. 
 
 On the S. side of Merrimack river, and united to Haverhill 
 by a bridge over that river, 650 feet long, and 34' wide. The 
 people of this town are considerably engaged in the manufac- 
 ture of shoes. It is 28 miles N. of Boston, 10 W.S.W. of 
 Newburyport, and 18 N. by VV. of Salem. Inc. 1675 ; pop. 
 1856 ; r. ps. 452 ; val. g2 ; s. m. ^750. Cl—G. B. Perry and 
 1 V. soc. c; 1 soc. u; 1 soc. m. Phs — Jeremiah Spofford, 
 George Coggswell. Alts — Alfred Kittredge. Pms — Benja- 
 min Parker, Jr. ; West, E. Kimball. 
 
 Danvers. 
 
 This town is 2 miles N.W. of Salem, to which it was at- 
 tached until 1757, and called " Salem village." It has some 
 water power : — a rolling and slitting mill, 14 nail machines, a 
 foundry, and other mechanical operations by water. The 
 manufacture of leather and shoes is carried on at this place to 
 a large extent. There are 32 tanneries in this town, and it is 
 estimated that the annual sales of leather and shoes exceed 
 57.50,000. This place affords good clay, and large quantities 
 of bricks and pottery ware are annually made. Good granite. 
 The " Danvers Bank" has a capital of 5150,000— William 
 Sutton, Pt. ; L. Lakeman, Cr. The '• Warren Bank" has a 
 capital of 5120,000— Jonathan Shove, Pt. ; A. K. Osborne, 
 Cr. The " Mutual Fire Insurance Company" has a capital of 
 5100,000— Ebenezer Shillaber, Pt. ; J. G. Sprague, Sec. 15 
 miles N. of Boston. Inc. 1757; pop. 4228 ; r. ps. 972; val. 
 57 14 ; s. m. 52.500. C/— Charles C. Sewall, George Cowles, 
 Milton P. Braman, c ; J. Holroyd, b ; W. H. Knapp, and John 
 M. Austin, u; 1 soc. e ; 1 soc. m. Phs — Andrew Nichols, Jo- 
 seph Shed, George Osgood, Joseph Osgood, George Osborne, 
 Ebenezer Hunt. Alts — John W. Proctor, Joshua H. Ward. 
 Pm — Joseph Osgood. 
 
43 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 ISssex. 
 
 At the head of Chebacco river, running into Squam Bay, 
 6 miles N.W. of Gloucester. This town was taken from Ips- 
 wich in 1819, from which it lies 5 miles S.E. This place has 
 some concern in the fisheries, anil many vessels of from 50 lo 
 120 tons are built here. Considerable manufacture of bricks 
 and cod lines. 13 miles N.E. of Salem. Pop. 1345; r. ps. 
 33G ; val. ^1 67; s.m. ^GOO. C7— Robert Crowell, c ; 1 soc. 
 b; 1 soc. u. Ph — Josiah Lamson. J. /*— Jonathan Story, 
 John Dexter, David Choate. PTn-— Amos Burnham. 
 
 Gloucester. 
 
 A maritime township, comprising the whole of Cape Ann, 
 and celebrated for the enterurize of its people in the fisheries 
 and commercial pursuits. It is the oldest fisliing establish- 
 ment in the stale. This cape extends about 8 miles into the 
 sea, and forms the northern boundary of Massachusetts Bay. 
 Its harbor is capacious, easy of access at any season, and of 
 sufficient water tor ships of great burthen. Gloucester harbor 
 and the chief settlement are on the south side. Sandy and Squam 
 bays lie on the north side, about 4 miles from the south harbor, 
 and afford harbors for small vessels. The lights on 'I'hatch- 
 cr's Island bear about northeast 6 miles from East Point, the 
 eastern boundary of Gloucester harbor. (The Isles of Shoals 
 bear from Thatcher's Island, N. by W. about 25 miles.) As 
 early as 1794 the exports from this place, in one year, amount- 
 ed to ^230,000. The i)resent tonnage of the district is about 
 14,000 tons. Here are immense quarries of light and grayish 
 granite, which is split with great ease, and in large, regularly 
 formed blocks. This stone is of a fine grain, is easily dressed, 
 and can be put on board of vessels with little expense. The 
 demand for this stone is rapidly increasing, and the quarrying, 
 hammering, and transporting it grves cmplovmcut to many 
 men anrl vessels. The canal across the neck of the cape, has 
 failed of that success which was anticipated. " Gloucester 
 Bank" has a capital of ;5f:00,000— William W. Parroit. Pi.; 
 Ilenrv Smith, Cr. The '' Gloucester Marine Insurance Com- 
 pany" has a capital of j? 100 ,000— William Pearce, Pt.; Wil- 
 liam Saville, Sec'y. This town was Inc. 16.39; pop. 1820, 
 G..384— 1830. 7,513 ; r. ps. 1857 ; val. %5 88 ; s. m. S^AOO. 
 CI — Luther B. Huntington, Moses Sawyer, David Jewett, Ch's 
 C. Porter, and 1 v. soc. c ; Thomas Jones, John Harriman, 
 Henry Belden, and 2 v. socs. u ; Epes Davis, Bartlett Pease, 
 and Mr. Wing, b ; 1 soc. m. Phs — John Manning. Henry 
 Prentiss, John Appleton, John Moriarly, Charles Manning, 
 Joseph S. Barker, James Goss, and Drs. Smith and Reynolds. 
 
ESSEX COUNTY. 43 
 
 Atfs — Joseph B. Manning, Robert Rantoul, Jr. CoUector-— 
 William Beach. Pvis — William Slevens ; Squam, O. W. Sar- 
 gent. 2D miles N.E.of Boston, and 21 S.E.of Newburyporl. 
 
 Hamilton. 
 
 This town is 4 miles S. of Ipswich, 8 N. by E. of Salem, 
 and -0 N. by E. of Boston, A veneering- saw mill and linseed 
 oil factory. TIjc people arc principally en^ae^ed in farming. 
 Taken from Ipswich, 1793 ; pop. 743 ; r. ps. 173 ; val. gl 04 ; 
 s. m. g400. Cl—G. W. Kelley, c ;. 1 soc. u. P/j— Oliver 
 Creasey. J. P — Dr. Creasey and M. Whipple; Pm — J. U. 
 Brown. 
 
 Haverhilh 
 
 This town lies on the north side of Merrimack river, at the 
 head of navigation, and is united to Bradford and VVest-New- 
 burv l)V two beautiful bridges. It is 28 miles N. of Boston, 
 20 N.Pi.W. of Salem, 12 W. by S. of Newburyport, 18 N.E. 
 of Lowell, and 27 S.W. of Portsmouth, N. H. LiUle river 
 affords a water power on which is a flannel factory in success- 
 ful operation. The "Merrimack Bank" has a capital of 
 5 27O;O0O— Dnvid Marsh, Jr. Ft.; L. White, Cr. Pms— James 
 Gale ; East, John Johnson, Jr. This beautiful town has con- 
 siderable commerce, navigation, ship building, anti large man- 
 ufactories of shoes and hats. First settled, ifi41 ; inc. IG45; 
 pop. 3,'J12 ; r. ps. %2 ; val. ^4 81 ; s. m. ^2,000. A railroad 
 IS in progress to meet the Boston and Lowell railroad at Wil- 
 mington, via Andover — 18 miles. CI — Nathaniel Gage, Jo- 
 feph Whittlesey, A. Cross, S. H. Peckham, and 1 v. soc. c ; 
 2 socs. u ; Henry Plumer, c.n ; Otis Wing and Mr. Harris, b. 
 Phs — Rufus Longley, Augustus Wheeling, and Drs. Kittredge 
 and Keunison. AUs — See Law-Register. 
 
 Ipswich, 
 
 A port of entr)' and shire town — the Aeaicam of the Indian?. 
 —12 miles N. by E. of Salem, 10 S. of Newburyport, and 2G 
 N.E. by N. of Boston. This place has about 20 sail of fishing 
 and coastins vessels. " Ipswich Bank" has a capital of 
 ^100.000— Thomas Manning, Ft. P/n — Stephen Coburn. 
 Ill 1790, 42,000 yards of thread and silk lace were made, by 
 hand, in this town. Since that time, some has been made by 
 maciiinery. C/ — David T. Kimball. Daniel Filz.and 1 v. soc. 
 o ; 1 soc. m. Pks — Thomas Manning, George Chadwirk, S. 
 Strong. .4i/s^Asa Andrews, E. F. Miller. Collector — Tim- 
 othy Southey. First settled, 1G33; inc. 1634; pop. 2,931; r. 
 ps. 678 ; val. g3 10; s. m. ;g 1,400. 
 
44 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Lynn. 
 
 This town has a small and convenient harbor on Massachu- 
 setts Bay, and is watered by the Saugus, a river, by which 
 name the town was formerly called by the Indians. This 
 town has long- been celebrated for its manufactures of various 
 kinds, particularly of shoes, of which there is probably a lar- 
 ger amount made than in any other town of its population in 
 the United States. It lies 9 miles N.E. of Boston, and 5 S.W. 
 of Salem. It was first settled, 1629 ; inc. 1637 ; pop. 6,138 ; 
 T. ps. 1639 ; val. ^5 ; s. m. 53,800. The " Lynn Mechanics' 
 Bank" has a capital of ^ 150 ,000— Isaiah Breed, Pt.; Isaac 
 Story, Cr. The " Nahant Bank" has a capital of ^150,000 — 
 Hezekiah Chase, Pt. The " Lynn Mechanics' Insurance 
 Company" has a capital of ,^50,000— Isaiah Breed, Pt. The 
 " Union Insurance Company" has a capital of ,'^100,000 — 
 Henry A. Breed, Pt. C/— David Peabody, S. D. Robbins, c ; 
 Elijah Hedding, Bishop of the Methodist Church; L. S. 
 Bowles, b ; 1 soc. friends; 3 socs. m ; J. C. Waldo, u. Pits— 
 Charles O. Barker, Wm. B. Brown, Edward L. Coffin, Rich- 
 ard Hazeltine, John Lummus, William Prescotl, N.C.Towle. 
 Atts — See Law-Register. Fin — Jeremiah C. Siickney. 
 
 [Lr Nahant, the celebrated watering place, is a part 
 of this town. It is a peninsula, jutting out about five miles 
 into Massachusetts Bay, and forms Lynn Bay on the south. 
 From Boston to Nahant Hotel, on the eastern point of the 
 peninsula, by land, is 14 miles; from the centre of Lynn, 5; 
 and from Salem, 10 miles. On the northeast side of this 
 peninsula is a beach of great length and smoothness. It is so 
 hard that a horse's foot-steps are scarcely visible; and, from 
 lialf-tide to low water, it affords a ride of superior excellence. 
 Much may be said in praise of Nahant without exaggeration. 
 Our limits will only permit us to remind the traveller that such 
 a place exists ; — that it is only 10 miles northeast of Boston 
 by the steamboats continually plying in summer months ; — 
 that at this place are good fishing and fowling — excellent ac- 
 commodations ;— and that the ocean scenery is exceedingly 
 beautiful in fair weather, and truly sublime in a storm. 
 
 Lynnfield. 
 
 Pop. C17 ; r. ps. 158 ; val. 65 cents ; s. m. 5400 ; inc. 1782. 
 12 miles N. of Boston, 9 W. by N. of Salem, and 22 S.S.W. 
 of Newburyport. On Bates's Brook is a woolen factory. 
 Considerable quantities of shoes are manufactured here. 
 CI — Josiah Hill and 1 v. soc. c ; 1 soc. m. J. P — Daniel 
 Needham, Asa T. Newhall, Bowman Viles. 
 
ESSEX COUNTY. 45 
 
 Manchester. 
 
 A fishing: to-ft'n on Massacluiscits Ba}-, with about lOCO tons 
 of siiipping. There are in this town 9 cabinet shops, and a 
 mahog.my veneering- mill, giving employment to 1"J0 hands, 
 assisted l>_7 a sniftll water power. Taken from Salem, 1G45; 
 rop. 1238 ; r. ps.328 ; val. $1 42 ; s. m. 5360. The Magno- 
 lia, a beautiful flowering tree, is indigenous. CI' — S. M. Em- 
 erson, (■ 5 1 soc. u. This town was without a regularly orran- 
 ized church for 70 years. Ph — Asa Story. J. J' — David 
 Colby. Pm—B. L. Bingham. 2G miles N.E. of Boston, 
 and 3 S.VV. of Gloucester. 
 
 Marblehead. 
 
 A noted fishing town, on a rocky point of land extending 
 into 3lassachuset(s Bay, with a hardy and intrepid crew of 
 fi.--heimen anri sailors. The iiarhor is commodious and easy 
 of access. The quantity of fish exported from this place in 
 1794, amounted to 5184,532. Since that time the fishing 
 business has greatly increased, and this place has now be- 
 come one of the largest fishing ports on the American coast. 
 'J'here belong to tiiis jilacc (rem 90 to 100 sail of fishing, coast- 
 ing and merchant vessels. Tonnage of the district, 7.2(j0 Ions. 
 First settled, 1(531 ; inc. 1G49 ; pop, 5,130; r. ps. 1,376; val. 
 56 56 ; s. m. 52,5C(J. The " Marblehead Bank" has a capital 
 of 5120,000— John Hooper, Ft.; Samuel S. Trefry, Cr. 'J'he 
 " Grand Bank" has a capital of 5100,000 — Joseph \V. Green, 
 Pt.; John Sparhawk, Cr. The " Marl)lehead Insurance Com- 
 pany" has a capital of .§100,000— N. L. Hooper, Pt.; S. S. 
 Trefry, Sec'y. The " Fire and Marine Insurance Company" 
 was incorporated in 1835 — capital, ,^100,000. C/ — Samuel 
 Dana, John Bartlett, c ; William H. Lewis, e ; Mr. Hervey, b ; 
 1 soc. m. Phs- — Calvin Briggs, Chandler Flagg, John S. 
 Bartlett. Alt — Nicholas Devereaux. Colhclor — Franklin 
 Kninht. Fwo— F. Robinson. It lias 14 miles N.E. of Boston, 
 and 4 S.E. of Salem. 
 
 Methuen. 
 
 This town lies on the north bank of Merrimack river, 9 ms. 
 N.E. of Lowell, 18 W.S.W. of Newburyport, 20 N.W. by N. 
 of Salem, and 25 N. by W. of Boston. In this town is a 
 beautiful water-fall on Spicket river, of 30 feet, which fiirnish- 
 es a good water power. It has two large cotton factories 
 and a paper mill. Large business is done here in the manu- 
 facinie of tin wa c and shoes. CI — Charles O. Kimball, b ; 
 S. G. Pierce and 1 v. soc. c ; 1 soc. e ; 1 soc. u ; 1 soc. m. 
 Phs — John M. Grosvenor, Stephen Huse, A. D. Dearborn. 
 .^«— John Tenney. Taken from Haverhill, 1725; pop. 2011j 
 r. ps. 581 J val. §2 41 j s. m. 5900. Pnir-Gno. A. Waldo. 
 
46 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Middleton. 
 
 A pleasant town on both sides of Ipswich river, 7 miles N^ 
 W. of Salem, 19 N. of Boston, and 18 S.S.W. of Newbury. 
 port. In this place is probably the largest and most expensive 
 paper mill in the country. Pop. 607 ; r. ps. 170; val. 78 cts ; 
 s. m. 5340 ; inc. 1728. C/— Forest Jefterds and 1 v. soc. c. 
 i^A— Ezra Nichols. J. P— Daniel Fuller, Pelatiah Wilkins. 
 
 Newbury. 
 
 This ancient town is on Merrimack river, opposite to Salis- 
 bury. A part of Plum Island is attached to it. It is of ex- 
 cellent soil and highly cultivated. Its high grounds present 
 some very beautiful scenery. It is the birlh-place of many 
 eminent men. Theophilus Parsons, the celebrated jurist, was 
 born in this town, Feb. 24, 1730. He died in Boston, Oct. 6, 
 1813. The parish called '• Byfield," is in this town and Row- 
 ley. " Dummer Academy," founded in 1756, is in good 
 standing. This town is watered by Parker and Artichoke 
 rivers, on which are one cotton factory and two snuff mills. 
 Considerable ship and chaise building. Serpentine and lime- 
 stone. In a curious cave, called the '' Devil's Den," asbestos 
 is found. Inc. 1633 ; pop. 3803 ; r. ps. 841 ; val. ^4 33. 31 
 miles N. by E. of Boston, 17 N. of Salem, and 3 miles S. of 
 Newburyport. CI — James Millimore, John C. March, Henry 
 Durant, Leonard Wilhingtoii, c ; some friends ; 1 soc. m ; 1 
 V. soc. b. Ph — M. Root. J. P- — John Merrill, and others. 
 
 Newburyport. 
 
 This is considered one of the most beautiful towTis in New- 
 England. It lies on a gentle acclivity, on the south bank of 
 the Merrimack, at the union of that river with the ocean. In 
 point of territory, it is the smallest town in the commonwealth, 
 being onlv one mile square. It was taken from Newbury in 
 1764; pop. 6,388 ; r. ps. 1469; val. ^10 28 ; s. m. 54,000. 
 It is a county town and port of entry. The " Mechanics 
 Bank" has a capital of g200,000— E. S. Rand, Pt.; J. Andrews, 
 Jr., Cr. The " Merchants Bank" has a capital of ^300,000 
 — Henry Johnson, Pt.; Samuel Mulliken, Cr. The " Ocean 
 Bank" has a capital of ^200,000— H. Frothingham, Pi.; E. 
 Plummer, Cr. The " Merchants Insurance Company" has a 
 capital of ,§200,000— John Porter, Pt.; Samuel Carr, Sec'y. 
 Jeremiah Nelson, Pt. of the '•' Mutual Insurance Company," 
 John Harrod, Sec'y. This place has been considerably noted 
 for its commerce and ship building. Some of the old conti- 
 nental frigates were built here; and in 1790 the tonnage of 
 
ESSEX COUNTY. 47 
 
 the port was 11,870 tons. Of late years the foreign commerce 
 of the place has diminished, in consequence of a sand bar at ihe 
 mouth of ihe harbor. This place has considerable inland and 
 foreign commerce. It has four whale ships, and a large amount 
 of tonnage engaged in the freighting business and the cod and 
 mackerel fisheries. Tonnage of the district, 20,132 tons. 
 Large quantities of combs are manufactured in this town. It 
 lies 34. miles N. by E. of Boston, 20 N. of Salem, 24 S. by W. 
 of Portsmouth, N.H., and 2 miles S.E. of Essex bridge. Lat. 
 42° 47' N.; Ion. 70° 47' VV. From the mouth of this harbor, 
 Plum Island, about a mile in width, extends 9 miles S. to the 
 mouth of Ipswich river. CI — Thomas B. Fox, C. W. Mihon, 
 L. F. Dimmick, Daniel Dana, and 1 v. soc. c ; James Moss, 
 e ; N. W. Williams, b; 1 soc. m ; 1 soc. u. Phs — Nathan 
 Noyes, John Atkinson, John Britkett, S. W. Wyman, F. Y. 
 Noyes, H. C. Perkins, G.Johnson, and Dr. Spoftord. Atls — 
 E. 3Ioseley, S. VV. Marslon, A. W. Wildes, Caleb Gushing, 
 Geo. Lunt, Nathaniel Hills, Jr., Edmund Hills. Collector— 
 Samuel Phillips. Fm — Moses Lord. 
 
 RoAvIey. 
 
 On an arm of the sea, on the coast between Ipswich and 
 Newbury. A part of Plum Island belongs to this town. It 
 was incorporated in 1639, and, the same year, the first fulling 
 mill in New-England was erected. The highest land in the 
 county is " Bald Pate Hill"— 392 feet above the sea. From 
 this hill a fine view is presented. Pears are much cultivated 
 here. ICOO barrels of Perry are annually made. The tanning 
 and shoe business in this town amounts, annually, to 5500,000. 
 13 tanneries. Peat. Large tracts of salt marsh. CI — Wil- 
 lard Holbrook, Isaac Braman, c ; Jeremiali Chaplin and 1 v. 
 soc. b ; 1 soc. u. P/is— Benjamin Proctor, Charles Proctor, 
 Richard Herbert, David Mighill, D. Pcrley. Alt — Jeremiah 
 Russell. Pop. 2044; r. ps. 698 ; val. ^2 49 ; s. m. ^750. 30 
 miles N. of Boston, 16 N. by W. of Salem, and 26 E.N.E. of 
 Lowell. Pin — F. Lambert. 
 
 Salem. 
 
 The Naumkeag of the Indians. The chief town in the 
 county, and the second in size and wenlih in the state. Port 
 of entry. This town was first settled in 1626. It lies between 
 two small arms of the sea, called North and South rivers. 
 The harbor is excellent, and vessels of 12 feet draft of water 
 may approach tlie wharves. This is one of the oldest and 
 most respectable marts of commerce in the United States. 
 Iti people are noted for their industry, sober habits, and com- 
 
48 Massachusetts directory. 
 
 rnercial spirit. No sea on the glohe has been left unexplored 
 by them. For some years after tlie seiilement of Massachu- 
 setts Bay coniinetieed, it was doubtCul which woukl liecome 
 thecapii:il of the colony — Salem or Boston. The peculiar fa- 
 cilities afiorflpil to Boston harbor, deciilecl the question. This 
 is the birth-place of many eminent patriots, statesmen and ju- 
 rists. When the cradle of independence was rocked in Boston, 
 the people of Xauinkeao; had the witchery to accelerate its mo- 
 tion. This is all the wiichcrall the good people of Salem ever 
 possessed, except in common with all the colonists, durins^ the 
 lanaticism of ]G'JZ. This town was inc. 1(129 ; pop. 1820, 
 12,731—1830, 13,88G; r. ps. 3191 ; val. 5-37 18 ;s. m. glO,.")00. 
 It lies 14 miles N.N.E. of Boston, 44 S. bv W. of Portsmouth, 
 N. H., and 44G miles from Washington. This place is largely 
 engaged in foreign and domestic commerce. Tonnage of the 
 district, 30,'-93 tons. There are 8 banks in this town with a 
 capital of 51,850.000. Insurance stock, 5950.000. In this 
 town are a number Of institutions (or the promotion of literary 
 and pious objects. The " East India Marine Society" was 
 incorporated in 1801. It l)as a spacious hall, in which is col- 
 leclefl a vast number of curiosities from all parts of the world. 
 This .splendid museum is open to visitors free of e.xpensc. 
 CI — John Prince, Charles W. Upham, James Flint, John Bra- 
 zor, S. ]M. Worcester, Brown Emerson, William Williams, J. 
 W. Thompson, George B. Cheever, c ; John A. Vaughan, e; 
 John \\'a3land and 2 V. socs. b ; 1 soc. u ; 1 soc. m ; 1 soc. 
 of friends, and 1 soc. r. c. PIis — Gideon Barstow, A. J. Bel- 
 lows, George Choate, Benjamin Cox, Jr., Oliver Hubbard, 
 Edward A. Holvoke, Samuel Johnson, Benjamin Kittredge, 
 Abel L. Pierson, Horatio Robinson. John G. Treadwell, Jon- 
 athan F. Worcester. Collector— inmes Miller. Naval Offi- 
 cer — John Swasey, for Salem and Beverly. Pm — Ebenezei* 
 Putnam. 
 
 Salisbury. 
 
 This township was granted to Simeon Bradstreet, ancf 
 others, in 1638, l>y the name o( Merrimack. In the year fol- 
 lowing it was incorporated by the name of Colchester, and in 
 1G40 it assumed its present name. Being situated on the 
 ocean, at the mouth of the Merrimack, and watered by Powow 
 river, Salisbury has become both a mariiiirie and manufacturing 
 town. It is noted for ship building. The '' Alliance." an old 
 continental frigate, was built here during the revolution. A 
 number of coasting and fishing vessels belong here. The 
 " Salisbury Manufacturing Company" have two flannel 
 factories in this town. Their capital is 5^00,000. When 
 botli are in operation they produce 1,872,000 yards annually^ 
 
ESSEX COUNTY. 49 
 
 and employ 500 hands. There are also in this town a large 
 tannery, a carding machine, fulling mill, candle factory, &,c. 
 There are two villages in this town. Webster's Point is near 
 the sea. The upper village is connected with Amesbury, and 
 divided only b^' the Powow river. It was inc. in 1640 ; pop. 
 2319; r. ps. 693; val. gS 12; s. m. gl500. 3 miles N. of 
 Newburyport, 37 N. by E. of Boston, 23 N. of Salem, and 7 
 S. of Hampton Falls, N. H. This town is united to Newbury 
 and Newburyport by two elegant bridges across the Mem- 
 mack. Salisbury beach is a place of considerable resort. CI 
 —Samuel Norris, b ; John Gunnison and 1 v. soc. c ; 1 v. soc. 
 e; 1 soc. m ; and 2 soc. freewill baptists. Phs — Cyrus Dear- 
 born, J. B. Gale. Atl — Joseph Warren Newcomb. Fms — Seth 
 Clark ; East, Cyrus Dearborn. 
 
 This town was taken from Lynn, 1815. 9 miles N. by E. 
 of Boston ; 3 W. of Lynn ; and 10 miles S.W. of Salem. In 
 this town are manufactures of wool, snuff and tobacco : also a 
 silk dying establishment. Smig7is river passes through this 
 town in a very crooked course, having large bodies of meadow 
 on its banks. CI — 1 soc. m; 1 v. soc. c. Phs — Abijah 
 Cheevcr. J. P — Abijah Cheever, Joseph Dampney ; pop. 
 360 ; r. ps. i:G4 ; val. ,g 1 08 ; s. m. §800. Pms~Henry Slade. 
 
 Topsfield. 
 
 This is a pleasant town. Ipswich river passes through it. 
 It is 21 miles N. by E. of Boston, 9 N. by VV. of Salem, and 
 13 S.E. of Haverhill. Large quantities of shoes are manu- 
 factured here. First settled, 1642; inc. 1630; pop. l.OIl; 
 r. ps. 239 ; val. gl 70 ; s. m. J?500. C/— James F. M'Ewer, 
 and 1 v. soc. c ; I soc. m. Phs — Nehemiah Cleaveland, R. 
 A. Merriam, Jeremiah Stone. J. P — Jacob Towne, &-C. 
 " Topsfield Academy" is in a flourishing condition. Pm — N. 
 Cleaveland. 
 
 Wenham. 
 
 This town is 20 miles N. by E. of Boston, 6 N. of Salem, 
 and 16 S. of Newburyport. First settled, 1639 ; inc. 1643; 
 pop. 612 ; r. ps. 153 ; val. 80 cents ; s. m. ^330. Considera- 
 ble manufacture of shoes. Wenham or Enon pond is a beauti- 
 ful sheet of water, about a mile square, and affords an abun- 
 dance of excellent fish. It is much visited. The first sermon 
 preached in this place was on the border of this pond, by the 
 celebrated Hugh Peters, minister of Salem, about the year 
 1636. His text was — " At Enon near Salem, because there 
 
50 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 vas murh water there." CI — Elien. P. Spcrry, c ; Charles 
 Miller, b. Ph—Dr. Jones. J. P — Moses Foster, Nicholas 
 Dodge. Pm — Ezra Lummus. 
 
 West- N e wbury. 
 
 This is a part of the ancient town of Newbury, and was 
 taken from it in ISII). It lies on the S.E. side of the Merri- 
 jTinok, and is 33 miles N. of Boston, iO E. of Lowell, and 
 4 W. of Newburyjjort. Good land, and excellent farmers. 
 Asbestos. Marble. Much business is done here in the manu- 
 facture of shoes and combs. Pop. 138G; r. ps. 447; val. 
 ^2 OG ; s. m. ^OOO. Ct—i. Q. A. Edgell, Benjamin Ober, c ; 
 1 soc. friends ; 1 soc. m. Plis — Dean Robinson, Isaac Boyd. 
 J. P — Doiiiel Emery, E. Emery. Pm — Thomas Hills. 
 
FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 Bounded north bv Windham Co. Vt., and a pari of Chesh- 
 ire Co. N. H., east by Worcester Co., south b^' Hampshire 
 Co., and west by Berkshire Co. Area 6r>0 square miles. 
 Central !at. 42° 33' N.; Ion. 72° 30' VV. The Connecticut 
 river passes nearly through the centre of this county. It pro- 
 duces, in great abundance, all sorts of grain, fruiis and vege- 
 tables common to its climate ; and e.vporls considerable quan- 
 tities of animal and vegetable product. Manufactures are 
 increasing in value and importance ; and this county yields to 
 no other in the state in the extent of its hydraulic powers, or 
 in the richness and variety of its scenery. '15 iiihabitants to a 
 square mile; 2(i towns. Chief rivers, Connecticut. Deerfield, 
 and I\!illers. Taken from Hampshire County in 1811; pop. 
 1820, 29,208—1830, 29,34.i ; r. ps. 7,057 ; val. ^30 06. 
 
 Ashfield. 
 
 This town was inc. 17G4 ; pop. 1732 ; r. ps. 403 ; val. fill 60; 
 s. m. 5600. 103 miles W. of Boston, 12 S.W. of Greenfield, 
 anfl 20 N.W. of Northampton. This town is on elevated 
 g^round, and gives a tributary both to the Deerfield and We<t- 
 neld rivers. CI — Mason Giosvenor, c; Silas Blaisdcll, e; E. 
 Smith, b; I soc. m. Pits — Jared Bement, Charles Kuowlton. 
 Alt — Elijah Paine. /'?« — Levi Cook, 
 
 Barnardstout 
 
 This town was first settled in 173S ; inc. 1764; pop. 045; 
 r. ps. 217 ; val. 97 cents ; s. m. §200. 96 miles W. by N. of 
 Boston, 7 N. of Greenfield, and 7 E. of Leyden. Good land, 
 and improved by those who know how to use it. Limestone. 
 In l!i2S, this town produced 16,000 bushels of corn and rye, 
 and 5,000 barrels of cider. Bald JMounlain is 630 feet high. 
 'Wrsl Mouidaiii affords beautiful scenery. In this town are 
 some springs supposed to contain magnesia, sulphur and iron. 
 
C2 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 CI — T. F. Ros;-ers, Vinson Gould, c ; 1 see. u ; 1 soc. b. 
 Phs — Elijah W. Carpenter, John Brooks. J. P — Jonathan 
 Allen, Caleb Chapin, and others. Pm — Gideon Ryther. 
 
 Buckland. 
 
 This pleasant town is separated from Charlemont by Deer- 
 field river. It is 102 miles W. by N. of Boston. 10 W. of 
 Greenfield, and 20 E.S.E. of Adams. Inc. 1779 ; pop. 1039 ; 
 r. ps. 240 ; val. 89 cents. CI — Benjamin F. Clark, c ; Enos 
 Smith, b ; 1 soc. m. Phs — Sylvester Axtell, Sabin Doda^e, 
 Joseph Ballard, Amos Shepherd. J. P — S. Taylor, J. Gris- 
 wold, J. Porter, and Dr. Shepherd. Pm — Joseph Hubbard. 
 
 Charlemont. 
 
 This is a pleasant town. Deerfield river meanders through 
 it. It is 5 miles S. of Heath, 110 W.N.W. of Boston, and 14 
 W. by N. of Greenfield. Here is an iron foundry, and a fac- 
 tory of edge tools. Inc. 1765; pop. 1063; r. ps. 244; val. 92 
 cents. C/—W.Tileston, Joseph Field, c. P/is— William R. 
 Bates, George Winslow, James Fitch. AUs — J. P. Allen, 
 Sylvester Maxwell. Pm — W. Hastings. 
 
 Coleraine. 
 
 This town is watered by branches of Deerfield river. It is 
 105 miles N. W. of Boston, 9 N.VV. of Greenfield, and 7 S. 
 of Halifax, Vt. It has a good water power, 2 cotton mills, an 
 iron foundry, and a shovel factory. Catamount Hill and Den 
 are worthy of notice. CI — A. Loomis, c ; J. M. Purrington, 
 Daniel Grant, b. Phs—C. Dean, N. Smith, C. Puffer, S. 
 Stearns. Alts — Isaac P. Barber, John Drury. Inc. 1761 ; 
 pop. 1877; r. ps. 459 ; val. gl 87 ; s. m. ^800. Pm— John 
 Urary. 
 
 Conway. 
 
 Divided from Shelburne on the north by Deerfield river. 
 100 miles W. by N. of Boston, and 7 S.W. of Greenfield. 
 One cotton factory. Inc. 1767 ; pop. 1563 ; r. ps. 388 ; val. 
 g2 05 ; s. m. ^650. Cl—G. M. Wheeler, c ; Calvin Keyes, 
 b ; 1 soc. friends ; 1 soc. m. Phs — Geo. Rogers, W. Hamil- 
 ton, D. Hamilton. Alt — William Billings. Pm — C. Arms. 
 
 Deerfield. 
 
 At the junction of Connecticut and Deerfield rivers — on the 
 west side of the former, and on both sides of the latter. The 
 Pocumtuck of the Indians. It is 95 miles W. by N. of Boston, 
 
FRANKLIN COUNTY. S3 
 
 4 S. of Greenfield, and 17 miles N. of Northampton. A very 
 pleasant town, and a place of considerable commerce. From 
 the mountains in this vicinity delightful views are obtained. 
 Deerfield Mountain is 700 feet above the plain, and now pre- 
 sents " one of the most perfect pictures of rural peace and 
 happiness that can be imag^inecl." Sugar Loaf Mountaiit 
 rears its conical peak of red sandstone 500 feet above the 
 river, and overlooks the ijround of many sanguine battles be- 
 tween the whites and Indians. This is a place of great inter- 
 est. Whilst the traveller lingers here, enjoying the beautiful 
 scenery, and hospitality of the people of this quiet town, he 
 cannot fail of contrasting the present scenes with those of 160 
 years ago. C/^John Fessenden, and 1 v. soc. c. Phs— 
 Stephen Williams, William Bayard. Atts — Pliny Arms, 
 Aaron Arms. First settled, 1668 ; inc. 168'2 ; pop. 2,003 ;r. 
 ps. 460 ; val. S~ 63 ; s. ni. 5646. Pms—C. Williams ; South, 
 T. D. Billings. 
 
 Erviiig's Grant. 
 
 An unincorporated territory, bounded S. by Millers, and W. 
 by Connecticut river — 35 miles N.N.W. of Boston, and 10 E. 
 of Greenfield. Some small factories. Pop. 429 ; r. ps. 96 ; 
 va!. 28 cents ; s. m. ^200. J. P. and Ptm— Fordyce Alexan- 
 der. The location of this place is very good, and will proba- 
 bly become an important town. 
 
 Gill. 
 
 This town was taken from Deerfield in 1793. It is divided 
 from Greenfield by Fall River. Pop. 864; r. ps. 194; vat. 
 82 cents. This town contains much fertile land, and is finely 
 situated on a great bend on the west side of Connecticut river, 
 near Turner's Falls— 86 miles W. by N. of Boston, 5 E.N.E. 
 of Greenfield, and 15 S. of Brattleborough. Vt. CI — Josiah 
 W. Canning, c; 1 soc. m. Ph — Joel Lyon. Att — Benjamin 
 Brainard. Pm — B. Braiuard. 
 
 Greenfield. 
 
 County town, and a vory pleasant and flourishing place on 
 Green river, 2 miles above the junction of that with Connecti- 
 cut river — .396 miles from Washington, 95 W. by N. of Bos- 
 ton, 22 N. of Northampton, 50 N.E. of Leno.x, 19 S. of Brat- 
 tleborough, Vt., and 32 S. by W. of Keene, N. H. The 
 " Greenfield Bank" has a capital of 5 150,000— Prst. William 
 Pomroy ; Franklin Ripley, Cr. It has a high school for la- 
 dies, and a farming academy — a good water power on Green 
 river — some copper and iron ores. There are in this town a 
 9 
 
M MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 satinet factory, a chisel and other cutlerr factory, (by steam 
 pnwer,) a largre wooden ware factory, and a foundry. Inc. 
 17.5.3; pop. 1340; r. ps. 374; val. 5"2 15 ; s. m. ^700. C/— 
 Tilns Slrona:, e ; Amariali Cliandier, c ; and 2 v. socs. r. ; 1 
 soc. m. J'hs — .\lpi)eus Stone. Sicphen Bates. James Dean. 
 Alls — R.E. Newcomb, Hooker Leavitt, Geors^e Giennell. Jr., 
 Daniel Wells, H. G. Newromb, H. Chapman, Franklin Rip- 
 ley, James C. Alvord, Da\id Willard, A. Brainard. Pm— 
 Ambrose Ames. 
 
 Haivley. 
 
 Inc. 1792 ; pop. 1037 ; r. ps. 265 ; val. 89 cents ; s. m. S4C0. 
 107 miles W. by N. of Boston, 14 W. by S. of Greenfield, and 
 20 N.E.of I'iiisfield. Hilly — well watered by branrbes of the 
 Deerfield — iron ore, and some iron works. C/ — J. Grout and 
 T. Thacher, r. J. P — Edward Longley, Jr., John Vincent, 
 &.C. Pvis — Joshua Longley ; South, Noah Joy. 
 
 Heath. 
 
 Inc. 1785; pop. 1199 ; r. ps.2S5 , val.gl. 125ms.W.N.W. 
 of Boston; 13 W.N.W. of Greenfield, 4 N. of Charlemont. 
 C/ — Moses Miller, and 1 v. sor. c ; 1 soc. b ; 1 soc. m. J. F 
 — E. Hastings, Benjamin Maxwell, and others. Fms — John 
 Hastinijs, Jr.; North, Ebenezer Tucker. 
 
 Leverctt. 
 
 3 miles E.of Sunderland, 10 S.E. of Greenfield, and 85 W. 
 NAV. of Boston, Pop. 939 ; r. ps. 214; val. 77 cents; inc. 
 1774. The cascade on '• Roaring Brook," in this town, in- 
 vites the traveller to some of the wildest scenery in the roun- 
 Ir^'. CI — Freegracc Reynolds, c ; E. Andrews, b ; I soc. u. 
 J. P — R. Field^E. S. Darling, and others. Pms — Jonathan 
 Conant ; North, Elias McGregory. 
 
 Ley den. 
 
 On Greenfield river. Inc. 1809 ; pop. 79(1 ; r. ps. 183 ; val. 
 Gl cents. 100 miles N.W. of Boston, 7 N. by W. of Green- 
 field, and 10 S.W. of Vernon, Vt. The " Glen" in ibis town, 
 is a great curiosiij-. Phs — W. A. Wilkins, Berijamin Morgan. 
 CZ-^B. F. Remington, b; 1 soc. m. J. P — Hezekiah New- 
 comb, and otiicrs. Pm — Reuben Sheldon, Jr. 
 
 Montague. 
 
 This town is on the east bank of Connecticut river, opposite 
 lo Deerfield, and united to that town by a bridge. Turner's 
 Falls, at the northerly part of the town, are more interesting 
 
FRANKLIN COUNTY. 55 
 
 than any in the state, anH prohahl y as much so as any in Ncw- 
 Eiis'land. The ranal lor passiiio; these (alls, 3 miles in leii;ri|i 
 and 75 feet lorkage, with an immense dam arross the river, 
 greatly facilitates the navigation on Coimertirut river. This 
 place lias a great water power, and promises peculiar advaii- 
 tnj;es to llie manufaciuriiig interest. The scenery around this 
 place is rom.nntic and beautiful, and to the lovers of aiiti(|ua- 
 riaii lore, dill of interesting associations. (See Hitchcock's 
 Geoloa:y of Mass. pp. 9LI, 100.) C/— Benjamin Rradlbrd, c; 
 R. Dickinson, e ; E. Andrews, b. Fhs — Uavid Bradfoitl, E. 
 Leffingwell. Art — J. Hanwcll. Inc. 1753 ; pop. 1132 ; r. ps. 
 274 ; val. 09 cents ; s. m. §348. 80 miles VV. by N. of Bos- 
 ton, and 7 S.E. of Greenfield. Pm — Jonathan Harlwell. 
 
 Monroe. 
 
 Bonnded E. by Deerfield river — 23 milesW. by N. of Green- 
 field, and 5 inile< S. of Ilead.^borough, Vi. Inc. iy22: pop. 
 2li5 ; r. ps. 73 ; val. 21 cents. CI — David Ballou, u. J. I', and 
 Pm — Martin Ballou. 
 
 New-Salem. 
 
 This town is hounded north by Millers river, and has a 
 good water power. It is 17 miles E. S.E. of Greenfield, 25 N. 
 E. of Northampton, and 74 miles W.N.VV. of Boston. It is a 
 pleasant toxAn, with a flourishing academy. Soapsione. CI — 
 A. Hard ng ami Mr. (Curtis, c ; Thomas Rand, b. AU — F. 
 H. Allen. Phs — Robert Andrews, Levi Chamberlain, and 
 Dr. Freeman. Inc. 1753; pop. 1889; r. ps. 434; val. ^1 G2j 
 6. m. ,g800. Pms — Nathan Bryant ; Mdlington, H. Hunt. 
 
 Northfield. 
 
 The Indian SqwJcIiead. This is an interestfng town, on both 
 sidi's of Connecticut river. " II was incorporated in 1073, 
 and some }'ears after desolated by the Indians. The inhabi- 
 tants returned again in 1685, but it was soon after destroyed 
 a second time. In 1713, it was again rebuilt. Fort Duminer 
 was in the vicinity." This town was purchased of the Indians 
 in 1C87, for 200 fathoms of wampum and £57 value of goods. 
 Most of the land in this town is excellent, and the village very 
 pleasant. It is 28 miles below VValpole, N. H., II IV.E. of 
 Greenfield, and 33 N.VV. by W. of Boston. Pop. 1757 ; r. ps. 
 435 ; val. ^2 12 ; s. m. ,<?800. C/— Bancroft Fowler, George 
 W. Hosmer, c. P/zs— -Philip Hall, James H. Henry. Atts— 
 Samuel C. Allen, Asa Olmstead. Pm — W. Pomeroy, Jr. 
 
56 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Orange. 
 
 Bounded south by Millers river — 5 miles S.E. of Warwick, 
 72 W. of Boston, and 20 E. of Greenfield. Inc. 1783 ; pop. 
 880; r. ps. 214; val. p 04; s. m. ^353. An auger factory, 
 and a furnace. Considerable palm leaf is worked here. It 
 has some excellent water privileges unimproved. A terrible 
 tornado occurred in this and the neighboring towns, on the 9th 
 of September, 1821 . There is a beautiful prospect from Tully 
 Mountain, and good fishing at the pond. CI — There is a sec. 
 of c, 1 of b, 1 of u, and 1 of m, but no settled minister. Phs 
 —Parley Barton, William Brooks. J. P— Hiram Woodman, 
 Zina Goodell, &c. Pms'—Josiah Wheelock; South, J. R. 
 Whipple. 
 
 Rowe. 
 
 Inc. 1785 ; pop. 716 ; r. ps. 193 ; val. 64 cents ; s. m. ^300. 
 130 miles N.W. of Boston, 22 W. by N. of Greenfield, and 7 
 S. by W. of Whilingham, Vt. On elevated ground. Soap- 
 stone. CI — William L. Stearns, c ; 1 soc. m. Phs— J. J. 
 Bassett, Humphrey Gould. Pm — Samuel H. Read. 
 
 Shelbnrne. 
 
 Inc. 1768; pop. 985 ; r. ps. 246 ; val. ^111; s. m. 5590. 
 On Deerfield river, 6 miles E. of Buckland, 100 W. by N. of 
 Boston, and 5 W. of Greenfield. Between this town and 
 Conway are some falls on the Deerfield river of considerable 
 wildness and beauty. Great water power. Factory of scythes 
 and axes. CI — Thomas Packard, Thomas Packard, Jr. c ; 
 Cyrus Alden, b. Mr. Fiske, a worthy missionary, was born 
 here, June 24, 1792. He died at Bayroot, October 23, 1825. 
 Phs — Geor"-e Bull, and Drs. Cleaveland and Duncan. Pms 
 — Walter Wells ; Falls, Joseph Merrill. 
 
 Shutesbury. 
 
 This town is on high land, 10 miles E. of Connecticut river, 
 9 N. by E. of Amherst, 16 S.S.E. of Greenfield, and 78 W. 
 by N. of Boston. Inc. 1761 ; pop. 981 ; r. ps. 227 ; val. 79 
 cents ; s. m. ;g250. Copper ore. Soapstone. On Swift river 
 are three shingle mills and a wheel factory. There is a mine- 
 ral spring of some note in this town, containing, in solution, 
 iron, sulphur, &c. There is also a pond, covering about 700 
 acres, with an abundance of fine fish. Ephraim Pratt lived in 
 this town many years, and died here in 1804', aged 116 years. 
 He married at the age of 21, and could count 1500 descend- 
 ants. He was a very temperate man, so much so that for 40 
 
PilANKLtN COUNTY. Hi 
 
 Vears he (ook no animal food. He was a farmer, and his 
 Iiealih was so uniformly ^ood that be %vas able to mow a good 
 swaih 101 years in succession. He was born at Sudburj', 
 1G87. C/^l V. soc. c ; 1 v. soc. b. Fhs — Oren Foster, Al- 
 bert While. J. F— ^Josiah Beaman, jr., Joseph L. Smallagd 
 J'vis — J. L. Smallage ; Lock Village, Joel Codding. 
 
 Sunderland. 
 
 A pleasant town, vviih good land, on the east side of Con- 
 necticut river. ]\Iount Toby, in this town and Leverett, com- 
 mantls a good prospect. It lies 90 miles west of Boston, and 
 9 S. bv E. of Greenfield. C/— E. Andrews, b ; H. B. Holmes, 
 c. AU—II. W. Taft. Inc. 1718; pop. 666; r. ps. 153; vah 
 81 cents ; s. m. ^400. Pjd— William Delano. 
 
 Warwick. 
 
 Mount Grnce presents a good prospect, a'ld fine trout, pick- 
 erel and perch are found in Jloose Pond. A small salinot 
 factory on Muddy Brook. 78 miles W.N.W. of Boston, 22 
 S. of Keene, N. H., and 14 E. by N. of Greenfield. Pop. 
 1 150 ; r. ps. 275 ; val. ,^ I 23 ; inc. 17G3. C/— P. Smith, S. 
 Kingsbury, c ; 1 soc. m ; 1 sor. b. Phs — Amos Taylor, Geo, 
 NVright. J. y-'-^Lemuel Whecloclc. Jonathan Blake, Jr., &.Ci 
 i'7«s^William Cobb j South, Apollos Root. 
 
 Wendell. 
 
 On Millers river, 80 miles W. I>y N. of Boston, and 14 E. of 
 Greenfield. Soap>tone. A curious kind of stone is found in 
 this lown embedded with mica slate. Chalk pond furnishes 
 a iubstance from which chalk is made by burning it. A chain 
 factory, making about ,^6,000 value, annually. Pop. 875 ; r. 
 ps. 214; val. 81 cents; s m. J5350 ; inc. 1781. CI — William 
 Clagget, c ; David God<lard.b; a small soc. of Mormans. 
 J. P — Joshua Green, Jona. Whitakcr. J'm — Lewis Stone. 
 
 Whatele}'. 
 
 On Connecticut river, 9 miles N. of Northampton, 11 S. of 
 Greenfield, and 92 W. by N. of Boston. Sugar Loaf Hill is 
 in this lown. Lead. Granite. Ct- — 1 v. soc. c ; 1 v. soc. b. 
 J'hs — Mvron Harwood, Chester Bnrdvvell. J. P — Luke B. 
 While, John White, David Siockbridge. Ail—U. F. Stock- 
 bridge. Inc. 1771; pop. 1,111; r. ps. S97 ; val. gl 18. 
 Pms — Levi Bush, Jr.; West, J. R. Goodeuough ; Eaut, Da- 
 vid Siockbridge. 
 
 9* 
 
HAMPDEN COUNTY, 
 
 This county is very fertile and well cultivated, and ill 
 eommou with all the counties on Connecticut river, it presents 
 a rich array of delightful scenery. It;* rivers afl'ord an abun- 
 dant water power ; and this county has become noted for its 
 various and extensive manufactories. Much inland trade is 
 brought to the banks of the Connecticut, and large exports 
 are made from this county, the product both of the soil and 
 mechanical labor. Taken from Hampshire county, in 1812; 
 pop. in 1820, 28,021—1830, 31.640 ; r. ps. 7,497 ; val. ^34 88; 
 area, 585 square miles. Central lat. 42° 7' N.j Ion. 72° 25' 
 W. Bounded S. by Tolland and Hartford counties. Connecti- 
 cut; W. by Berkshire county; N. by Hampshire county; and 
 E. by Worcester county. IS towns; 55 inhabitants to a 
 square mile. The Connecticut, Westfield, Chickapee, and 
 Quinebaugh are its chief rivers. 
 
 Blandford. 
 
 This town gives rise to a branch of Westfield river. Good 
 water power. Soapstone. Serpentine. A cotton factory and 
 paper mill. 104 miles W. of Boston, 16 W. by N. of Spring- 
 field, and 17 S.W. of Northampton. Inc. 1741 ; pop. 1594; 
 r. ps. 402 ; val. ^1 79 ; s. m. g650. C/— Calvin Walcott, e ; 
 1 soc. b ; 1 soc. m ; 1 soc. c. Plis — Eli Hall, Silas P. Wright. 
 Att — Alanson Knox. Pms — Luther Laffin ; A'orth, Lyman 
 Gibbs. 
 
 Brimfield. 
 
 This town is finely watered by Chickapee and Quinebaugh 
 rivers. 19 miles E. by N. of Springfield, 26 S.W. of Worces- 
 ter, 50 W.N.W. of Providence, and 70 miles W. by S. of 
 Boston. One cotton mill and two satinet factories. First 
 settled, 1701 ; inc. 1731 ; pop. 1599 ; r. ps. 387 ; val. $2 05 j 
 
60 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 s. m. gSOO. C/— Mr. Fuller, c, (settled March 11, 1835;) 1 
 Foc. m} 1 soc. h. Plis—J. Keyes, A. Linroln, Ebenezer 
 Knigiit J. P- — Feslus Foster, Asa Lincoln, Le\vis Williams. 
 P?;t — M. Converse. 
 
 Chester. 
 
 Branches of Westfield river pass through this town, on 
 vvhich are tv\o cotton mills. It lies 115 miles W. by S. of' 
 Boston, 20 N.W. of Springfield, and 21 S.E. of Piltsfield. 
 C/ — Alanson Alvord, c ; 1 soc. b. Phs — Leonard Williams, 
 Thomas More, and Dr. De\A'olf. J. P — F. Kyle, Lewis Col- 
 lins, &c. Inc. 17(J5; pop. 1,407; r. ps. 355;' val. ^1 27; s. 
 m. ^600. Pins — Asahel Wright; Factories, S. Harvy, Jr. 
 
 Granville. 
 
 A mountainous township, 110 W^S.W. of Boston, 14 W. by 
 S. of Springfield, 2ii S.W. of Northampton, and 6 miles N. of 
 Hartland, Ct. Sonpstone. Inc. 1754; pop. 1G52; r. ps. 379; 
 val. 51 5G ; s. m. ,'^585. C/—T. IM. Cooley, S. Chapin c ; S. 
 Root, b; 1 soc. m. A/Is — James Cooley, C. F. Bales. Pms 
 '^Middle, Noah Cooley ; East, Lyman Root. 
 
 Ilolland. 
 
 Taken from Brimfield in Muj- — 20 miles E. by S. of Spring^ 
 field, 70 S.W. by W. of Boston, and C N. of Union, Cl. Thi)} 
 town is well watered by the Quinebangh river and several 
 ponds. Pop. 433; r. ps. 1 1(i ; val. 47 cents; s. m. £;2C0. 
 CI — W. Mnnger, b; 1 v. soc. c. ./. /' — David ai.u John 
 Wallis, E. G. Fuller. Pw— Baxter Wood. 
 
 Longmeadow. 
 
 This town is pleasanilv localcrl on the east hank of Con- 
 necticut river, 97 miles S.W. by W. of Boston, 22 N. of Hart- 
 ford, and 5 S. of Springfield. Lie. 1783; pop. 1257; r. ps. 
 327; val. ?158; s. m'. ^344. C/— J. B. Condii, C. Foot, 
 c; N.Branch, b. P/i— Oliver Bliss. J. /'^Elhan Eli, J. 
 W. Cooley, &c. P/n— William White. 
 
 Ludlow. 
 
 Separated from Wilbraham by Chickapee river^ — 10 miles 
 N.E. of Springfield, 15 W. by S. of W^are, and 84 W. bv S. 
 of Boston. Inc. 1774; pop. 1327 ; r. ps. 305; val. 5 I 49; s, 
 m. ,g450. One cotton Idctory, with 6,0CO spindles aiid 8y 
 
HAMPDEN COUNTY. 61 
 
 looms. Bog iron ore. CI — David R. Austin, c ; 1 soc. m. 
 Plis—E. Caswell, W. B. Alden, A. J. Miller. J. P— Benja- 
 min Sykes, T. Sykes, N. Chapin. Pm — Benjamin Jenks. 
 
 Monson. 
 
 This town was taken from Brimfield, 1760; pop. 2264; r. ps. 
 S37 ; val. ^2 46. 73 miles S.W. by W. of Boston, 13 E. of 
 Springfield, and 10 miles N. of Stafford, Ct. Gneiss. This 
 town has valuable water privileges on a branch of Chickapee 
 river, which are well improved for manufactories of cotton, 
 wool, &.C. CI — Alfred Ely, c ; 1 soc. b. J. P — ^Jacob 
 Thompson, and others. Pm — Rufus Flint. 
 
 Montgomery. 
 
 This town has a good water power on the north side of 
 Weslfield river. Inc. 1780 ; pop. 579 ; r. ps. 171 ; val. 50 cts. 
 100 miles W. by S. of Boston, 12 N.W. of Springfield, and 12 
 S.W. by W. of Northampton. C/— S. W. Edson, c; 1 soc. 
 m ; 1 soc. b. /. P — Oren Parks. 
 
 Palmer. 
 
 A hilly township, finely watered by Chickapee, Ware, and 
 Swift rivers— 7 miles S. of Ware, 16 E.N.E. of Springfield, 
 and 70 W. by S. of Boston. Pop. 1237 ; r. ps. 283 ; val. 
 ^1 36; s. m. $550; inc. 1732. Here are a cotton mill, a 
 small satinet and a scythe factory. CI — Samuel Backus, c; 
 Mr. Bigelow, b. Phs — Aaron King, Marcus Shearer. Att — 
 James Stebbins. Pm — Amos Hamilton. 
 
 Russell. 
 
 Incorporated, 1792; pop. 309; r. ps. 126; val. 45 cents; s. 
 m. §200. 100 miles W. by S. of Boston, 14 W. by N. of 
 Springfield, and 4 W. by N. of Weslfield. Bounded N. by 
 E. on Westfield river. Serpentine. CI — 1 v. soc. c ; 1 v. 
 soc. b. J. P — John Gould, Reuben Bradley. Pm — Reuben 
 Palmer. 
 
 South wick. 
 
 On the line of Connecticut, and the southern termination of 
 the Hampshire and Hampden canal, uniting New-Haven and 
 Northampton by the Farmington canal. (See Columbian 
 Traveller, ^c.) Pop. 1855 ; inc. 1779 ; r. ps. 333 ; val. $1 41. 
 100 miles W. by S. of Boston, 10 S.W. of Springfield, and 25 
 S. of Northampton. There are a number of large ponds ia 
 
C2 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 this town and vicinity, wliose outlet is north into Weslfield 
 river. Fine fishing. Two povvHer mills. CI — .lereniiah F. 
 Bridges, h; 1 sec. ni ; I v. soc. c. Ph — L. W. Humphrey. 
 J. P — Euos Fool, J. M. Forward, and others. Pm — 
 
 SprAiigfield. 
 
 The As^aioam of tlie Indians. County town, and mart of a 
 large inland and river commerce. It is also the site of the 
 largest Armory in the United Slates. This is one of the most 
 beautiful and important inland towns in New-Enj^land. It is 
 on the cast hank of Connecticut river, and waierea by Chicka- 
 pee and Mill rivers, which afford an ample water power liar 
 the operations of the Armory, and other extensive manufac- 
 tories. «7 miles W. by S. of Boston, 17 S. by E. ol' Noilh- 
 ampton, iil N. of Har'tford, Ct., 4o W. by S. of Worcester, 
 and 2G3 miles from VVashinjifton. First settled, l()3.5 ; inc. 
 1C45; pop. \S-20. 3,941— 1830, G,'84; r. ps. loi22; val. ^8 12; 
 s. m. g'3,150. Besides the manufactures of the United Slates' 
 works in this town, which amounts annually to about I5.CC0 
 stand of arms, employing about 200 iiands, at an expense of 
 from gl80,000 to 5200,000, there are G coiion fac;ories, 2 
 paper mills, 2 iurnaces, 3 machine shops, and a large card 
 farlorj". There are 3 steam passage boats diat ply between 
 ti)is place and Hartford, and 2 steamboats for towing numerous 
 freight boats up and down the river. The " Springfield 
 Bank" has a capital of ^230,000— .lames Bycrs, Pi.; John 
 Howard, Cr. CV — Samuel Osgood, A. Phoenix, and W. B. 
 O. Peabody and Mr. Baldwin, c ; 1 soc. u ; 2 soc. b ; I soc. 
 m. Pits — John Stone, George Frost, and Urs. Belden. Be- 
 mis, Briflgman, Baker, Church :)nd Lorlng. Alts — See Laic- 
 Regixter. Pm — Albert Morga.i. 
 
 Tolland. 
 
 Divided from Sandisfield by Farmington river. Inc. 1810; 
 pop. 724; r. ps. 175; val. 7) cents. 110 miles W.S.W. of 
 Boston ; 20 W. of Springfield, and 7 N.W. by W. of Hart- 
 land, Ct. A fine grazing township, on high land. Large ex- 
 ports of butter and cheese. CV — 1 soc. ni ; 1 v. soc. c. J. P 
 —Henry Bass, Samuel Hamilton. Pvi — Alfred Webber. 
 
 "Wales. 
 
 Pop. 615 ; r. ps. 15G ; val. G7 cents ; s. m. ^300. 67 miles 
 W.S.W. of Boston, 17 E. by S. of Springfield, and G S. of 
 Brimfield. C/—T. Wakefield, b; 1 soc. m. .J. /'--James 
 L. Wales, A. Needham, John Smith. Pm — Loring W"ales. 
 
HAMPDEN COUiNTV. 63 
 
 Westfield. 
 
 A ])1ace of singular beauty, on Weslfielrl river. It lies in a 
 valley or basin ot about four miles in diameter, surrounded by 
 hi:^h liills, and is supprtsed to have been the bed of a lake 
 whose waters burst iha fllouiit Tom range of mountains and 
 discharged itself into Connecticut river. The Hampshire and 
 Hampden canal passes through this place, and promises great 
 advantages to its trade and hydraulic power. About a third 
 part of its population is engaged in making whips. The 
 annual amount of that article manufactured here is about 
 gl3J,000. The Westfield Academy is in high standing. It 
 has considerable funds, and its annual number of scholars is 
 about 400. The " Hampden IJank" has a capital of .§100,000 
 — James Fowler, Pt.; E. Chapman, Cr. CI — James Knapp, 
 c ; 2 socs. b ; I soc. m. I'hs — James Holland, Job Clark, J. 
 Abbott, J. M. Smith. Atts—Sc.e Law-R>-gister. Pm—M. 
 Ives, Jr. 9 miles W. by N. of Springfield, 16 S. by W. of 
 Northampton, and 99 W.S.W. of Boston. First settled, 1659 ; 
 inc. 1669; pop. 2,911; r. ps. 676 ; val. 53 02 ; s. m. Sl,llJ2. 
 
 West-Springfield. 
 
 A pleasant and flourishing town in its agriculture and com- 
 merce, at the junction of Connecticut anfl Westfield rivers, 
 opposite to Springfield. It is 9) miles W. by S. of Boston, 
 and 10 N. of Sutlield. Ct. Three cotton mills. Limestone, 
 used for water-proof cement. Iron ore. CI — Thomas E. 
 Vermilye, R. S. Hazen, Hervey Smith, H. G. Lombard, c; 
 2 socs. b; I soc. m. Phs — Timothy Horton, Reuben Cham- 
 pion, Calvin Wheeler, and Drs. Brunson and Chapman. Att 
 — Samuel Lathrop. Inc. 1774; pop. 3,270; r. ps. 780 j val. 
 ;g[4 02; s. in. 51200. /•//(— E. Winchell. 
 
 Wilbraham. 
 
 This town lies 10 miles E. of Springfield, 9 N. of Somers, 
 Ct., and <]0 miles W.S.W. of ISoston, on Chickanee river. 
 The people in this town are principally employed in agricul- 
 ture, and are remarkable for equality of property. Inc. 17G3; 
 pop. 2,035; r. ps. 468; val. ,51 95. The " We'sleyan Acade- 
 my" ill this town, is a seminary of learning of great value 
 and in high repute. It has considerable funds, and about 240 
 scholars attend throughout the year. Scholars are received 
 at this institution from ten years of age and upwards. The 
 annual cost to a scholar, for board and tuition, is from 80 to 
 90 dollars. This institution was incorporated in 1824, and is 
 governed by a Board of Trustees. Piwsideut of the Board — 
 
64 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY, 
 
 Rev. John W. Hardy ; Treasurer — Rev. Joseph A. Merrill ; 
 Secretary — Hon. Abel Bliss ; Prijicipal — David Patten, Jr.; 
 Teacher in Ancient and Modern Languages — S. S. Stocking ; 
 Teacher of Mathematics— David H. Chase, \.Yi.; Teacher of 
 Natural Science — William G. Mitchell ; Usher — Minor Ray- 
 mond ; P receptress — Miss Catharine Hyde ; Resident Agent 
 — Rev. John Hardy. Great excitement existed in this quiet 
 town and vicinity by the murder of Marcus Lyon on the 9th 
 of Nov. 1803. The horrible deed was committed by two for- 
 eigners, named Halligan and Daley. They were executed at 
 Northampton on the 5ih of June, 1806. CI — Mr. Wright and 
 1 v. soc. c ; 2 socs. m ; 1 soc. u. Phs — Drs. Rice, Kibbee, 
 McCray, and another. All — William Knight. Pttis— Wil- 
 liam Knight ; South, J. S. Chaffee. 
 
HAMPSHIRE COUNTY. 
 
 This ancient county, although its limits have been greatly 
 reduced by the production of Franklin and Hampden coun- 
 ties, is still increasing in agricultural, commercial and manu- 
 facturing strength. Located in the centre of the alluvial basin 
 of the noble Connecticut ; blessed with a rich and variegated 
 soil, and great water power, this must ever remain one of the 
 most independent counties in New-England. Area, 532 square 
 miles. Central lat. 42° 20' N.; Ion. 72° 25' VV. Pop, 1820, 
 i;6,447— 1830, 30.210; r.ps. 7,347; inc. 1662 j val. 531 02 
 Bounded S. by Hampden, VV. by Berkshire, N. by Franklin, 
 and E. by Worcester counties. 23 towns ; 57 inhabitants to a 
 square mile. The Connecticut, Westfield, and Swift, are its 
 chief rivers. 
 
 Amherst. 
 
 This town was incorporated in 17.59 ; pop. 2631 ; r. ps. 605; 
 val. g2 54. 82 miles W. of Boston, 45 N. of Hartford. 7 E. 
 by N. of Northampton, and 108 S. of Dartmouth College, in 
 New-Hampshire. The college and village in this town is on 
 elevated ground, and commands a fine prospect of the sur- 
 round. ng country. In this town are a funded academy, a 
 manual labor school, and a high school for ladies. (See a 
 beautiful view of this town in Hitchcock's Geology. &,c. of 
 Massachusetts.) It is watered by two streams which empty 
 into the Connecticut at Hadley, on which are a cotton mill 
 and woolen factory, an extensive factory of coaches and 
 chaises, a forge and paper mill. CI — William H. Hunt, Na- 
 than Perkins, Jr., Horatio Gates, and 1 v. soc. c ; Mr. Ball, b. 
 Phs — Timothy J. Gridley, Seih Fish, and Drs. Underwood, 
 Dorrance, Davis, and King. Atls — Ithamar Conkcy, Osmyn 
 Baker, E. Dickerson, 1,. Boltwood. Pm — H. W. Strong. 
 
 Amherst College was founded in 1821. Rev. Heman Hum- 
 phrey, S.T.D., President and Professor of Divinity and Men- 
 tal Philosophy ; (appointed to the office of President iu 1823 ;) 
 10 
 
C6 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Rev. Edward Hitchcock, A.M., Pro/i'ssor of Chemistry and 
 Natural History ; Rev. Edwards A. Park, Prn/rssor of Men- 
 tal and Moral Philosophy, and Hebrew Lniii^iidges and Liter- 
 ature ; Rev. Nathan VV. Fiske, Professor of Greek and Latin 
 
 Laufftiages and Literature ; , Professor of 
 
 Rhetoric and Oratory; Ebenczcr S. Siiell, A.M., Professor 
 of Ma/heinati'.s and Natural Philosophy, and Librarian ; Jo- 
 sepli Ale.vander Deloiitte, Inslrnrter in French; Ebcnozer 
 Burgess, Elhridge Bradbury, Willinglon H. Tyler, Cliarles 
 Clapp. Tutors. Vacations. — First, G weeks i'roin tl)e 4ih 
 Wednesday of .4u:^u't ; second, 2 weeks froin the 2d Wednes- 
 day of January ; third, A- viecki from the 1st Wednesday of 
 May. Commencement, 4ih Wednesday in August. 
 
 BelchertoAvn. 
 
 This is a very pleasant interior town, separated from Ware 
 bv Swift river. It was inc. I7G1 ; pop. 2liil ; r. ps. 643 ; val. 
 ^'"!40; s. m. gSOO. 75 miles W. of Boston, 11 E.S.E. of 
 Northampton, and 83 E. of Alban}'. Fine granite. The first 
 manufacture of pleasure tcasons in the United States was 
 rommencefl in this town. CI — Jared Reed, c ; 1 soc. m ; t 
 socs. b. /'/(^William Bridgman. Alts, and J. P — See Law- 
 Register. Ptib—Masun Siiaw. 
 
 Chesterfield. 
 
 A mountainous township. 97 miles W. of Boston, 11 W.N. 
 W. of Northampton, and 27 E. of i'iltsfield. It is watered by 
 a branch of Westfield river. Inc. I7G2; pop. 1417; r. ps. 
 325; val. $\ 27; s.m. ^'500. In this town is a singula' water 
 course, worn very deep, through solid rock ; and some curious 
 minerals. CI — 1 v. soc. c ; 2 v. socs. i>. Phs — Robert Stark- 
 weather, Benjamin Gardner. Att — Dyer Bancroft. Pm — 
 Dyer Bancroft. 
 
 Cunimingtoii. 
 
 This town was inc. 1779; pop. I2G8; r. ps. 290; val. ffl 20; 
 s. m. S400. no mites W. of Boston, 20 W.N.W. of North- 
 ampton, and U! E. by N. of Pittsfield. This town has a good 
 water power on Westfield river. Mountainous. 2 coiion 
 mills, 4 woolen factories, and a large scythe snath factory. 
 Iron ore. ."^onpstone. CI — R. Hawkes, c ; David Wright, n. 
 Phs — Royal Joy, James Dwight, and A. Clark. J. P — Eli- 
 phalet Packard, A. Parker, William Swan. Pms — James 
 Dawes; West, Elisha Mitchell. 
 
HAMPSHIRE COUNTY. 67 
 
 East-Hampton. 
 
 On the west side of Connecticut river. The Hampshire and 
 Hampden canal passes its borders. 3 miles S. of Northamp- 
 ton, 4 N.E. of Souliiamplon, and 90 W. by S. of Boston. 
 Moimt Tom lies in the southerly pari of this town ; from the 
 top of which a magnificent prospect is presented. Taken 
 from Northampton, 1 SCO ; pop. 734; r. ps. 1G8 ; vnl. G3 cents ; 
 s. m. ,§.300. 2 button factories. Iron ore. C/ — William Be- 
 meni, c. Ph — Zaimon Malleiy. J. P — John Ludden, Thad- 
 deus Clapp. Pm — Thaddeus Clapp. 
 
 Enfield. 
 
 Inc. 1814; pop. 1058; r. ps. 242 ; val. ^^1 05. 71 miles W. 
 of Boston, 15 E. of Nonlrampton, and 5 N.W. of W are. 
 Swift river passes through this town aird adds much to its 
 beauty and importance. Rlanufaclories of cotton, wool, &c. 
 CI — Joseph Crosby and Sumner G. Clapp, c. Alt — Epaphras 
 Clark. Pm — Eliphalet Jones. 
 
 Goshen. 
 
 A mountainous township, 12 miles of N.W. Norlhavipton, 
 and 103 U . by N. of Boston. I'op. COG; r. ps. 149 ; val. 63 
 cents ; inc. IISI. Emeralds. Lead. Tin. A branch of West- 
 field river rises in this town. C/ — William Hubbard, b; 1 v. 
 soc. c. Ph — Dr. Rockwell. J. P — Benjamin \\ hite. Pm— 
 Hinckley Williams. 
 
 Granby. 
 
 Inc. 1763. 90 miles W. by S. of Boston, 9 S.E. of North- 
 ampton, and 12 N. of Springfield. Pop. 1004; r. ps. 2C6 ; 
 val. 5' 0*! s. m. §430. ("opper ore. 2 small woolen facto- 
 ries. C/ — Joseph Knight, Eli IMoodj-, c. Phs — Eiros Smi'h 
 aird Charles S. 'J hompson. J. P — \\ ilbam Belcher, Samuel 
 Ayers, Levi Taylor. /*?/!— William Belcher. 
 
 Greenwich. 
 
 This town is well watered by branches of Swift river and 
 some fine ponds. It is 2(i miles N.W. by W. of Worcester, l7 
 N.E. ol .Northampton, and 75 W. of Boston. lire. 1754; pop. 
 813; r. ps. 191 ; val. 70 cents; s. m. §400. C/— J. H. P.it- 
 rick, c ; 1 soc. u ; 1 soc. m. Au — Labaii Marey. Pms — C. 
 Dariiirg; Village, W. P. Wing. 
 
68 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Hadley. 
 
 This is a pleasant town on the east bank of Connecticut 
 river, and unites with Northampton by a beautiful bridge, 
 1080 feet in length. First .settled, 164-7 ; inc. 1661 ; pop. 
 1886 ; r. ps. 443 ; val. ^1 90; s. m. g950. 88 miles W. of 
 Boston, 3 N.W. of Mount Holyoke, and 6 N. of South-Hadley. 
 Two small streams afford some water power, on which are a 
 woolen and wire factory. Large quantities of excellent broom- 
 corn brooms are made here. CI — John Brown and another, c. 
 P/is— Reuben Bell and Dr. McCray. J. /»— Samuel, William 
 and Moses Porter, C. P. Phelps, and A. Osborne. Pms — 
 Samuel D. Ward ; Canal, Jos. Carew; Mills, D. Huntington. 
 
 Hatfield. 
 
 This is a wealthy agricultural town, noted for its fine beef 
 cattle. Inc. 1670; pop. 893; r. ps. 233 ; val. ^1 54; s. m. 
 ^500. On the west side of Connecticut river, 5 miles N. of 
 Northampton, and 95 \V. of Boston. The sulphate of barytes 
 is found here of good quality. CI — Levi Pratt, c. Phs— 
 John Hastings. Benjamin Shelden. Atl — Israel Billings. 
 Pm — Alpheus Lougley. 
 
 Middlefield. 
 
 This town was inc. 1783 ; pop. 721 ; r. ps. 206 ; val. 90 cts j 
 s. m. 5300. 1 10 miles W. of Boston, 24 W. by N. of North- 
 ampton, and 17 S.E. of PiUsfield. Watered by a branch of 
 Wesifield river. An extensive bed of serpentine, or rock of 
 various colors, is found here. Soapstone. Much wool is 
 grown here. 2 woolen factories, chair factory, and a factory 
 of window frames and blinds. 47 miles E. by N. of Hudson. 
 CI — John H. Bisbee, c ; Thomas Archibald, b ; 1 see. m. 
 P/^— Joseph Warren. J. P—M. Smith, Uriah Church. 
 
 Northampton. 
 
 The Indian Nonoluck. This is a very handsome town, de- 
 lightfully situated on the west bank of Connecticut river. 
 Since the first settlements on the Connecticut basin, this town 
 has been an important point of attraction. The soil of the 
 town is alluvial and its products exuberant. Both before and 
 since ihe division of ihe old county into three, this place has 
 been the seat of justice. The buildings are handsome, and 
 the most important offices are fire proof. A fine stream passes 
 through the centre of the town, possessing a good water 
 power, on which are manufactories and mills of various kinds. 
 
HAMPSHIRE COUNTY. 69 
 
 This pinee has considerable river and inland rommerre,vviiich 
 will proliably be increased by the Hampshire and Hampden 
 canal, which meets the Connecticut river here and terminates 
 at New-Haven. Tliere are many institutions of a literary 
 and religious character in this town, and its st'hools are of the 
 first order. TIk? scenery around this town is enclmnting. and 
 those who visit Mount Holyoke, 830 feet above (he river, on 
 the opposite shore, Hud a display of Almighty power proba- 
 bly Unsurpassed, in grandeur and beauty, by any spot in 
 New-fclngland. CI — J. Penn}-, John Todd Oliver Stearns, c ; 
 ] V. soc. e ; 1 v. see. b ; 2 socs. in. Phs — Benj. Barrett, J. H. 
 Flint, E. E. Deniston, David Hunt, Elisha Mather, Charles L. 
 Seeger. Alls — Sec Law- Register. I'm — Thomas Shepherd. 
 This town was inc. 1G34 ; pop. 1820, 2,851—1830, 3,618 ; r. 
 ps. 85i; ; val. 5*4 22; s. m. 51,925. It is 91 miles W.of Bos- 
 ton, 72 E. of Albany, 39 N. of Hartford, 22 S. of Greenfield, 
 17 N. by W. of Springfield, and 376 from Washington. 
 
 Norwich. 
 
 This is a mountainotis township, with a good Irout pond, 
 and watered by a branch of Westfield river. It lies 108 miles 
 \V. of Boston, 12 W. by S. of Northampton, and 15 N. of 
 AVcstfield. It was inc. 1773; pop. 787; r. ps. 186 ; val. 74 
 cents; s. m. S3C0. C/— Mr. Page, c; 1 soc. m. Fh— Ca- 
 leb H. Stickney. J. P — Samuel Kirklaiid, Samuel Dunlap. 
 P/Ti— Joseph Kirkland. 
 
 Pelham. 
 
 This town was inc. 1742 ; pop. 983 ; r. ps. 222 ; val. 87 cts j 
 s. m. 5350. It lies 80 ms. W. of Boston, 13 N.E. of Northamp- 
 ton, and 7 N.E. of Amherst. Granite. Serpentine. Gneiss. 
 This town is watered by Swift and Chickapee rivers. CI — 2 
 V. socs. c. .7. P — Henry Kingman, Oliver tSmith, Ziba Cook, 
 and others. Pvi — Martin Kingman. 
 
 Plaiufield. 
 
 Inc. 1785 ; pop. 983 ; r. ps. 218 ; val. 51 02 ; s. m. 5350. 
 110 miles W. by N. of Boston, 20 N.W. of Northampton, and 
 25 E. by N. ofPittsfield. Watered by Mill river, and near 
 its rise. Here are 3 woolen factories, nail, and large wooden 
 ware factories. C/— Closes Hallock. c ; Alden Eggleston, b. 
 f A— Samuel Shaw. J. /'—Leavill Hallock. /'//j— J. Mack. 
 10* 
 
70 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY, 
 
 Prescott. 
 
 This town is watered by branches of Swift river. It lies 8 
 miles N.E. of Amherst, 16 N.E. of Northampton, and 76 \V, 
 of Boston. Inc. 1822 ; pop. 738 ; r. ps. 174 ; val. 69 cents ; 
 s. m. S300. Granite. C/— Ebenezer Brown, c ; 1 soc. u. 
 Ph — George H. Lee. J. P— ^Samuel Henry, Stacy Linzie< 
 
 South-Hadley. 
 
 Inc. 1753 ; pop. 1185 ; r. ps. 283 ; val. $1 09 ; s. m. gSOOj 
 90 miies W. of Boston, 6 S. by E. of Northampton, and 11 N. 
 of Springfield. Tiiere is a canal in this town, on the E. side 
 of Conn, river, of about 2 miles in length ; and a dam across 
 the river of 1 100 feet, which overcome a fall in the river of 50 
 feet, and which greatly promote the navigation, and produce 
 a water power of great extent. The canal has 5 locks, and a 
 rut through solid rock, of 40 feet in depth and 300 in length. 
 The amount of tolls on the canal is from 12 to gl8,000 annu- 
 ally. Nature and art unite to make this an important place. 
 Mount Holyoke lies on the northern limits of this town. In 
 this town are 2 paper mills, 1 forge, a salinetand a cotton fac- 
 tory. A mineral spring of some note. 'I'here is much unim- 
 proved water-power in this town worihy of the allention of 
 those wishing mill seats on a navigable stream. Ct — Wm. 
 Tvler, and 1 v. soc. c ; 1. soc. m. Fhs — Otis Goodman and 
 Dr. Orford. yl^s^— William Bowdoin Jr., Edward F. Hook- 
 er. Pm — David Chandler. 
 
 Southampton. 
 
 Manhan river, a small stream, passes twice through this 
 town, affording some good mill privileges. It lies 97 miles 
 W. by S. of boston, 9 S.W. of Northampton, and 8 N. of 
 Westlield. A flourishing academy. There is in this town a 
 navigable subterranean passage to the lead mine in West 
 Hampton, nearly completed. C7— Morris E. White, c. Ph— 
 Bela B.Jones. J.P — Asahel Birge.Elisha Edwards, Jr. Pm 
 —J. K. Sheldon. Inc. 17535 pop. 12535 r. ps.317 j val. ;J'l 18} 
 s. m. ,^400. 
 
 Ware. 
 
 66 miles W. by S. of Boston, 22 E. by S. of Northampton, 
 23 N.E. of Springfield, 26 W.of Worcester, and 60 N.W. of 
 Providence. On Ware river, and some smaller streams. Ex- 
 cellent water power. Inc. l761 ; pop. 2045; r. ps. 470; val. 
 51 72. About ^50,000 value of shoes are annually made here. 
 There is a large establishment for the manufacturing of la- 
 dies Tuscan and straw hats, employing from 75 to 100 hun- 
 
Hampshire county. ti 
 
 dred young women, and exporting from §75,000 to g 100,000 
 viorth annually. 2 cotton and I large woolen factories ; ma- 
 chine shop. The '• Hampshire Manufacturers' Bank" has a 
 capital of §100,000— Joseph Bowman, Pt ; William Hyde, 
 Cashier. CI — Parsons Cook, Augustus B. Reed,c; 1 soc. 
 m ; 1 soc. u. Fhs — Horace Goodrich, Anson Moody and 
 Dr. King. Atts — Homer Bartleit, William Hyde, Francis 
 B. Stebbins, Z. Cook. Fm — Joel Rice. 
 
 AVesthamptoni 
 
 Inc. 1772 ; pop. 907 ; r. ps. 209 ; val. 89 cts. 100 miles W. 
 by S. of Boston, 8 W. by S. of Northampton, and 8 S. of 
 Wiiliamsburgh. A valuable lead mine ; hilly. Cast-steel 
 hoe factory. CI — Horace B. Chapin, c. Plu — Wm. Hook- 
 er, and Dr. Orcutt. J. F — Bela P. Clapp, John A. Judd. 
 Pm— John A. Judd. 
 
 Wiiliamsburgh. 
 
 A hilly township, 8 miles E. by N. of Chesterfield ; 8 N W. 
 of Norlliampion, and 100 W. of Boston. Inc. 1771 ; pop. 
 l'L'2.5; r. ps. 342 5 val. $\ 41. On a branch of the Mill, or 
 Norlliampion river, two woolen factories, and factories of edge 
 tools and buttons. Some granite is transported from this to 
 other towns. C7— 1 soc. m ; 1 v. soc. c ; P/is— Daniel Collins, 
 Thomas Meekins. J<<—Eiisha Hubbard, Jr. Pin — T.May- 
 hew. 
 
 Worthingtont 
 
 A pleasant town, on high ground ; 103 miles W. of Boston, 
 63 E. of Albany, and 17 W.N.W. of Northampton. Inci 
 1763; pop. 1178; r. ps. 274; val. $1 36. 67— Henry Adams, 
 c. Ph—Dv. Spear. AU-^C. B. Rissing. i*?/!— William 
 Ward. 
 
MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 
 
 The surface of this county is uneven and the soil various. 
 It presents a great variety for the admiration of tiie patriot, 
 scholar, farmer, mechanic, and the painter. It is bounded N.by 
 N. Hampshire j N.E. by the county of Essex ; S.E by Charles 
 river, Boston harbor, and Noilolk county; and VV. by the 
 county of Worcester. Area, 800 square miles ; pop. in 1820, 
 G1,47G— 1830, 77,968; r. ps. 20,324; val. 5 107 93; inc. 1643. 
 Central lat. 42° 28' N.; Ion. 71° 10' W. 46 towns ; 97 inhab- 
 iiants to a square mile. Chief river.s— Merrimack, Charles, 
 Mystic, Concord, Sudbury, and Nashua. Middlesex Canal—- 
 see Boston. 
 
 Acton. 
 
 Inc. 1735; pop. 1158; r. ps 306 ; val. SI 19 J s. m.^oOO. 
 21 miles N.W. of Boston, and 5 N.W. by W. of Concord. 
 Limestone. This is a pleasant agricultural town, of good 
 soil, and is washed by the Assabet, a branch of Concord river. 
 CI — J- G. Woodbury, and 1 v. soc. c ; Joseph Wright, u. 
 Ph — Peter Goodnow. /. P — Stevens Hayward, John Kob- 
 bins, and others. Pm— Silas Jones. 
 
 Ashby. 
 
 On the line of New-Hampshire — a pleasant town, and Ibe 
 rise of a branch of the Nashua. It lies 42 miles W N.W. of 
 Boston, 23 N. W. of Concord, and 8 S.E of New-Ipswich, 
 N.H. Inc. 1767; pop. 1240 ; r. ps. 338; val. SI 44 ; s. m. 
 S300. 67— E. Tinker, and 1 v. soc. c ; I soc. m. Ph— 
 Abraham Haskell. All — John Locke. Pm — Alexander T. 
 Willard. 
 
 Bedford. 
 
 This town was inc. 1729; pop. 685; r. ps. 215; val. 99 
 cents 3 s- m. 5450. Rise of the Shawsheen, and bounded N. 
 
74 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 W. by Concord river. 3 miles S. of Billerica, 5 N E. of 
 Concord, and 13 N. \V. of Boston. CI — Samuel Stearns died 
 in 1831; 2 v. socs. c. Ph — Amariah Preston. J. P— Ama- 
 liah Preston, Reuben Bacon, John Merriam. 
 
 Billerica. 
 
 Pop. 1374 ; r. ps. 314 ; val. SI 78 ; s. m. ^1000. Watered 
 bv the Concord and Shawsheen rivers. First settled, 1G33} 
 inc. IGoj. la miles N.W. of Boston, 7 N E. by N. of Con- 
 cord, and 7 S.S.E. of Lowell. Here are a flannel factory, 
 dye works, and a forg'e. Iron ore. Granite. 'J'he M*ldlcspx 
 canal and Boston and Lowell railroad [)ass lhroug;h the easter- 
 ly part of the town. CI — Nathaniel Whitman, c; Mr. Sar- 
 ffeiil, b5 1 V. soc. Ci Phs — Zadock Howe ajid Tiiaddeus 
 Brown. Au — Marshall Preston. Pm — ^Marshall Preston. 
 
 Boxborough. 
 
 Inc. 1783; pop. 474; r. ps. 13G ; val. HD cents ; s. m. ^300. 
 2.i miles .N.W. by W. of Boston, 9 W. by N. of Concord, and 
 4 E. f>f Harvard. Limestone. 3Iany hops are prown here. 
 CI — Joseph W . Cross, c ; 1 soc. u ; 1 soc. m. J P — L3man 
 Bis^elow, Oliver T. Davis, Samuel Hayward. Pms — P. Sfpof- 
 ford J West, Benjamin Pearl. 
 
 Brighton. 
 
 A famous cattle market, and pleasant town, on the south 
 side of Charles river, 3 miles S.W. of Boston, 13 8 E. of 
 Concord,35 E of \Vorcester,8 N N I'', of Dedham,and 13 N. 
 W. tiy N of Weymouth Landing. Taken from Cambridge in 
 1807, iind formeriv known by the name of " Little Cambridge." 
 pop Trl ; r. ps. 264 ; val SI 85 ; s m. SIOOO. The '• Brighton 
 Bank" has a capital of 5130,000— Ldward Sparhawk, Pt. 
 'i'he market day is on Monday. CI — Daniel Austin, \\ illiam 
 IS'eweil, c. Phs — James fli. Whittemore and Hezekiah El- 
 dridge. J. P — Edward Sparhawk, Charles Heard. Piii^— 
 Noah Worcester. 
 
 Burlington. 
 
 This town is -watered by Vine brook, a branch of the Shaw- 
 sheen river It lies 11 miles S.E of Lowe^, 10 N E of Con- 
 corJ, and 13 N.W. by N. of Boston Pop. 44G ; r. ps. 158 ; 
 val. G8 cents; s. m. S215; inc. 1799. CV— Samuel Sewell. 
 c. J P — Abel Winn, Nathan Blanchard; and olliers. P/iir— 
 Jacob Kendall. 
 
MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 73 
 
 Cambridge. 
 
 This town may be divided into three parts : — Old Cam- 
 Iridge. the seat of the most ancient and best endowed rollege, 
 now university, in the United .States, is 3 miles from West Bos- 
 ton bridjre, vvhich divides Cambridge from Boston Cam- 
 Iridge- Fort is a compact, flourishing village, about midway 
 between the university and the bridge. Eusl-Caiiihridge is 
 of newer growth, anil is a very flouiishing place. It is the 
 scat of the couniy courts, and is inimedialely connected with 
 Bo.ston by Canal bridge and the viaduct oi' the Boston and 
 Lowel railroad over Charles river. 'J'his town was incorpo- 
 rated by the name of Newton in 1G30. It look the name of 
 Cambridge in 1G38. The first printing press in America was 
 established here by Stephen Day. in 1(339. I'he first work 
 printed was the '' Freeman's Oath.'' In this town are various 
 and extensive manufactories. Here is the only manufactory of 
 crown glass in the U. States. The " Cambridge Bank" has 
 a capital of 5100 000— S. P. P. Fay, Pt ; Martin Lane, Cr. 
 The " Charles River Bank" has a capital of 5100,000— Levi 
 Farwell, Pi.; John B. Dana, Cr. The '■ Middlesex Bank" 
 (at East-Cambridge.) has a capital of §150,000 — William 
 Parmenter, Pt.; William Whitney, Cashier. The "Mutual 
 Insurance Company" has a capital of 5100,000 — Nathan 
 Child. Pt. Pop. 6,071 ; r. ps. 1,580 ;val. 58 57; s. m 53,774. 
 C/—T. W. Coil, e ; William Newell, A. B Muzzy, James D. 
 Green, William A. Stearns, and 1 v. soc. c ; S. Lovell, Jona- 
 than Aldrich, b ; Lucius R. Paige, Henry Bacon, u ; 1 soc. m. 
 J'hs' — Benjamin W aterhousc, Charles F. Chaplin, T. W. Har- 
 ris, Anson Hooker, F. J. Higginson, T. L. Jennison, S. 
 Plympton. Jr., John Williams. Atts — See Law-Register. 
 Pms — S. Newell ; East, S. S. Green ; Port, L. S. Gushing. 
 
 Hari'ard College ws'i founded by John Harvard, in 1636. 
 It was incorporated in 1638. It has received numerous and 
 large donations from individuals, and has invariably leceived 
 the protection and munificence of the state. Its funds at the 
 present time e.xceed half a million dollars. It is governed by 
 a corporation and board of overseers. Its number of alumni 
 exceeds 5000 The philosophical apparatus, chemical labora- 
 torv, anatomical museum, and cabinet of minerals, are all very 
 valuable. The college library contains 42,000 volumes A 
 bo'..Tn'cal garden is aiiached to the institution. The sciences 
 of theolos;y, law, and medicine have each distinct deparl- 
 menis, and courses of lectures on those subjects are annually 
 given President, Hon. Josiah Quincy, LL D. Massarhn- 
 
 setts Professor of Natural History. . Hollis 
 
 Professor of Divinitij, Rev. Henry \Vare, D.D. Alford Pro- 
 
76 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 fessor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Pol- 
 ity, . Insiructer in French and Spanish, Francis 
 
 i^nles. Hersey Professor of the Tlteory and Practice of Physic, 
 James Jackson, M.D. Hersey Professor of Anatomy and 
 Surgery, John C Warren. M D. Vane Professor of Law, 
 Joseph Story, LL.D. Hancock Professor of Hebrew and 
 
 other Oriental Languages , . liollis Professor 
 
 of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, John Farrar, LL D. 
 professor of Materia Medica, Jacob Bigelow, M.D. Smith 
 Professor of the French and Spanish Languages and Litera- 
 ture, and Professor of Belles Lettres, Georo^e Ticknor, A M. 
 Professor of Obstetrics and Medical Jurisprudence, V\' alter 
 Channing, M D. Boylston Professor of Rhetoric and Orato- 
 ry, Edward T. Channinj^, A.M. Instructer in Elocution, Jon- 
 athan Barber, Soc. Coll. Chir. Lond. Lecturer on the Prin- 
 ciples of Surgery, and on Clinical Surgery, George Hayward, 
 M.D. Erring Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Joiin 
 W. Webster, M.D Professor of Pulpit Eloquence and Pas- 
 toral Care. Rev. Henry Ware, Jr., D D. Rnmford Profes- 
 sor, Daniel Treadwell. A.M. Adjunct Professor of the Theo- 
 ry and Practice of Physic, John Ware, M D. Librarian, 
 Thaddeus W. Harris, M D. Professor of Biblical Literature, 
 Rev. John G. Palfrey, D.D. Instructer in Italian, Spanish 
 and Portuguese, Pletro Pachi, A M , J U.D. Professor of 
 the German Language and Literature, C\\i\T\e^ Follen, J U D. 
 Royiitl Professor of Law, Simon Greenieaf, LL.D. Profes- 
 sor of Latin and Permanent Tutor, Charles Beck, P.D. In- 
 structer in French, Francis M. J. Sur.'inlt. Proctor, Henry 
 R Cleaveland, A M. Professor of Greek and Permanent 
 Tutor, Cornelius C. Felton, A.M. Tutor in Latin, Henry S. 
 McKcan, A.M. Tutor in Natural, Intellectual, and Moral 
 Philosophy, Joel Giles, A 15. Professor of Mathematics and 
 Natural Philosophij, Benjamin Peircc, A.M. Proctor, and 
 Instructer in History, Barzilhii Frost, A.B. Proctor, and In- 
 structer in Hebrew, Edg^nr Buckingham. A B. Proctor, and 
 Jjistructer in Hebrew, Samuel Osgood. Tutor in Greek, 
 Christopher Dunkin. S^eicarrf, Oliver Sparhawk. The The- 
 ological Department is under the superintendence of Profes- 
 sors Ware, sen. and jr. and Professor Palfrey. The Medical 
 Lectures commence in Boston on the 1st Wednesday in No- 
 vember. A course is given at the college between the first of 
 April and the last of July. The Law Institution is under the 
 superintendence of Hon Joseph Story and Simon Greenieaf. 
 Vacations:— 'I'hcre are three vacations : the frst of two 
 weeks from the Wednesday preceding the 25th day of De- 
 cember ; the second of two weeks from the first Wednesday 
 in April ; the third of six weeks, next preceding commence- 
 meut. Commencement is on the last Wednesday in August. 
 
MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 77 
 
 Cemetery of Mount Auburn. The beautiful eminence on 
 which this justly celebrated cemetery lies is in the towns of 
 Cambridge and VVatertown, about a mile west of the Univer- 
 sity, and 125 feet above the waters of Charles river. The 
 Massachusetts Horticultural Society, having purchased about 
 100 acres of land, at this place, for the objects of their socie- 
 ty, have been empowered by tiie legislature to devote a por- 
 tion of their lands, (not less than lorly acres,) as a Rural 
 Cemetery or Burying Ground ; to lay it out with gravelled 
 avenues and walks, and to plant and embellish it with all the 
 varieties of shrubbery, flowers and trees, which it is the design 
 of the society to cultivate. Lots of ground of 300 square 
 feet, at suitable distances, along the winding passages, are 
 sold by the society as family burial-places, with the perpetual 
 right to purchasers of enclosing, decorating and using them 
 for that purpose. The price of the lots is ^^66 each. About 
 375 of them are sold. 
 
 This cemetery was dedicated September 24, 1831. 
 
 We cannot deny ourselves the gratification of quoting a 
 few lines from the descriptive part of Judge Story's admirable 
 address on that occasion. 
 
 ' A rural Cemeterj' seems to combine in itself all the advan- 
 tages, which can be proposed to gratify human feelings, or 
 tranquillize human fears ; to secure the best religious influ- 
 ences, and to cherish all those associations, which cast a 
 cheerful light over the darkness of the grave. 
 
 ' And what spot can be more appropriate than this, for such 
 a purpose ? Nature seems to point it out with significant ener- 
 gy, as the favorite retirement for the dead. There are around 
 us all the varied features of her beauty and grandeur — the 
 forest-crowned height ; the abrupt acclivity ; the sheltered 
 valley ; the deep glen ; the grassy glade, and the silent grove. 
 Here are the lofty oak, the beech, that " wreaths its old fan- 
 tastic roots so high," the rustling pine, and the drooping 
 willow; — the tree, that sheds its pale leaves with every au- 
 tumn, a fit emblem of our own transitorj' bloom ; and the 
 evergreen, with its perennial shoots, instructing us, that " the 
 wintry blast of death kills not the buds of virtue." Here is 
 the thick shrubbery, to protect and conceal the new-made 
 grave ; and there is the wild-flower creeping along the narrow 
 path, and planting its seeds in the upturned earth. All around 
 us there breathes a solemn calm, as if we were in the bosom 
 of a wilderness, broken only by the breeze as it murmurs 
 through the tops of the forest, or by the notes of the warbler 
 pouring forth his matin or his evening song. 
 
 ' Ascend but a few steps, and what a change of scenery to 
 surprise and delight us. We seem, as it were, in an instant, 
 to pass from the confines of death to the bright and balmy re- 
 11 
 
73 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 gions of life. Below us flows the winding Charles, with its 
 rippling current, like the stream of time hastening lo the ocean 
 of eternity. In the distance, the Cily, — at once the object of 
 our admiration and our love, — rears its proud eminences, its 
 glittering spires, its lolly towers, its g, aceful mansions, its 
 curling smoke, its crowded haunts of business and pleasure, 
 which speak lo the eye, and yot leave a noiseless loneliness 
 on the ear. Again we turn and tiie walls of our venerable 
 University rise before us, with many a recollection of happy 
 days passed there in the interchange of study and friendship, 
 and many a grateful thought of the affluence of its learning, 
 which has adorned and nourished the literature of our country. 
 Again we turn, and the cultivated farm, the neat cottage, the 
 village church, the sparkling lake, the rich valley, ami the 
 distant hills, are before us through opening vistas ; and we 
 breathe amidst the fresh and vaiied labors of man. 
 
 ' There is, therefore, within our reach, every variety of 
 natural and artificial scenery, which is fitted to awaken emo- 
 tions of the highest and most atf'ecting character. We stand, 
 as it were, upon the borders of two worlds ; and as the mood 
 of our minds may be, we may gather lessons of profound 
 wisdom by contrasting the one with the other, or indulge in 
 the dreams of hope and ambition, or solace our hearts by 
 melancholy meditations.' 
 
 Carlisle. 
 
 Inc. 1805 ; pop. 5G6 ; r. ps. 155 ; val. 78 cents ; s. m. 5-350. 
 20 miles N.W. of Boston, 5 N. of Concord, and 3 E. by S. of 
 Westford. Bounded S.E. by Concord river. Limestone. 
 C/— Stephen Hull, William Patten, c. P/(— John Nelson. 
 J. jP— John Hcald, John Nelson, Samuel Stevens. 
 
 Charleslown. 
 
 The Mhhaintn of the Indians. Inc. 1(129; pop. 1820, 
 6,591—1830,8,787; r. ps. 2021 ; val. .^1182; s. m. 57,000. 
 The " Bunker Hill Bank"' has a capital of g 1 50,000— Timo- 
 thy Walker, Pi.; Thomas Marshall, Cr. The " Phoenix 
 Bank" has a capital of 5150,000— Isaac Fiske, Pi.; William 
 Wyman, Cr. The " Charlestown Bank" has a capital of 
 5150,000— Edward D. Clark, Pt ; Paul Willard, Cr. This 
 town is a peninsula, formed by Charles and Mystic ri\ers, and 
 is united to Boston by Charles and Warren bridges. It is 
 also united lo Boston as a port of entry, and in its various 
 commercial pursuits. This town is noted for its sacrifices in 
 the cause of liberty ; and its soil will ever be dear lo the pa- 
 triot's bosom. CI — Warren Fay, James Walker, Daniel 
 Crosby, c ; Henry Jackson, Oliver Holden, b } 1 v. soc. u j 
 
MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 79 
 
 1 soc. m ; Patrick Byrne and another, r, c. (The Ursuline 
 Convent, on Blount Benedict, in this town, was constituted in 
 July, IS'^^G. It was destrnyed on the nij;ht of August 11,1834.) 
 Phs — Henry Gardner, I. S. Hur.i, I. 11. Morse, Abraliairi R. 
 Thompson, Joseph W. \alentine, William J. Walker, F. A. 
 Willai'd. Al/a — See Law-Ii>>s;is(er. Fin — A. W. Austin. 
 
 The United Stales' Navij Yard was first estalilislied in this 
 town about the year 179S. Tlie yard is situated on the north 
 side of Charles river, on a plot of ground of about GO acres. 
 It is enclosed by a high wall of durable masonry, and contains 
 several ware-houses, <luclliiig-houses for the officers, and a 
 large amount of naval stores, live oak and other timber. It 
 also contains tliree large ship-houses, in which are the Ver- 
 mont and Carolina of 74, and the Cumberland frigate of 44 
 guns. These ships can be launched and read}' for sea in a 
 very short time. The dry dock at this place is of hewn gran- 
 ite, and of unrivalled masonry. It is 341 feet in length, 80 in 
 width, and 30 in depth. It cost ^670,089. This dock was 
 completed and received the ConstiltUivn on the 24lh of June, 
 1833. Connected with this establishment are a naval hospital 
 and magazine, at Chelsea, now in progress. A large ropew alk 
 is now building in the yard, and other additions are contem- 
 plated. This is considered one of the best naval depots in the 
 United States. 
 
 The McLean Asylum for the Insane — see Massachusetts 
 Hospital, under Boston. 
 
 Bunker Hit! Monumcjit. On the 17th of June, 1825, the 
 corner stone of an Obelisk was laid on the heights in this town, 
 l>y the illustrious La Fayette, to commemorate the battle be- 
 tween the Americans and British on the 17th of June, 1775. 
 In that battle, 449 Americans and 1055 Britons were slain. 
 Charlestown was burnt by the British the same day. The site 
 of the Monument is G2 fct^t above the level of the sea. It is 
 of hewn granite, and, when completed, will be 30 feet square 
 at the base, 15 feet square at the top, and 220 feel in height. 
 It is now raised about GO feet, and will probably' be completed 
 in one or two years. Tiie cost of it will be about ^100,000. 
 
 IVie Slate Prison. This institution was founded in 1800, 
 and soon after located on a point of land in this town, near 
 East Cambridge, and which is connected with Canal bridge 
 by a lateral bridge of 1820 feet in length. After having strug- 
 gled with many and great dilKculties attendant on the estab- 
 lishment of an institution so entirely new, the state, by the 
 agency of suitable men, have .so placed it as to elilect all the 
 objects proposed, without any e.\pense to the commonwealth. 
 'I'he disbursements of the institution for the }'ear ending Sep- 
 tember 30, 1834, was §29,476 ; the income, ^37,122 ; — leaving 
 a balance of profits of s;7,646. The amount of property at 
 
80 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 the prison, at thai time, belonging to the state, was $i6,95-i. 
 At that time there were 277 convicts in the prison. Of that 
 number, 7 were sentenced to confinement for less liian a year 
 —37 for 1 year— 64 for 2 years— 39 for 3 years— 29 for 4 
 years — 27 for 5 years — 6 for 6 years — 16 for 7 years — 4 for 8 
 years — I for 9 years — 13 for 10 years — I for 11 1-2 years — 2 
 for 15 years — 1 for 17 years — 3 for 20 years — and 27 for life. 
 Of this number, 138 were between 15 and 30 years of age — 82 
 from 30 io40— 16 from 50 to 60—2 from 60 to 70— eind 1 from 
 70 to 80 years of age. Of ihis number of convicts, 110 vi'ere 
 natives of Massachusetts — 97 were from other stales; 61 were 
 subjects of Great Britain, and 9 were subjects of other coun- 
 tries. 21 of these were negroes — 12 mulatoes. and 1 Indian. 
 Warden — Charles Lincohi, Jr. Physician — Wm. J. Walker. 
 Chaplain — Jared Curtis. Clerk — Henry K. Frothingham. 
 
 [O^ In this place we notice the executions which have taken 
 place, under the slate laws, since January 1, 1800. Jason 
 Fairbanks, for murder, Sept. 10, 1800 — Ebenezer Mason, do. 
 Oct. 7, 1802— John Batles, rape, Nov. 8, 1804— Ephraim 
 Wheeler, do. Feb. 20, 1806- Uominick Daley and James 
 Halligan, murder, June 5, 1806 — Joseph Drew, do. July 21, 
 1808- Ebenezer Ball, do. Oct. 31, 1811— Henry Pyner, rape, 
 November 5, 1813 — Henry Hutchinson, do. November 18, 
 1813 — Henry Phillips, murder, March 13, 1817— Peter John- 
 son, rape, November 25, 1819 — Michael Powers, murder, Mav 
 27, 1820— Stephen M. Clark, arson. May 10, 1821— Michael 
 Manin, highway robbery, Dec. 20, 1821 — Samuel Clisby and 
 Gilbert Close, robberv, March 7, 1822— Samuel Green, mur- 
 der, April 25, 1822— Horace Carter, rape, Dec. 8, 1825 — John 
 Hallaran, murder, March 3, 1826 — Samuel P. Charles, do. 
 Nov. 22, 182G— John Boies, do, July 7, 1829— John F. Knapp, 
 do. Sept. 28, 1830— Joseph J. Knapp, do. Dec. 31, 1830. 
 (During this period, Iwo men under sentence of death, Jona- 
 than Jewell, Jr. and Robert Bush, committed suicide in prison.) 
 
 Chelmsford. 
 
 On Merrimack river, and Bliddlcscx canal, and connected 
 ■with Dracul by a bridge over the Merrimack. 25 miles N.W. 
 of Boston, 9 N. by E. of Concord, and 4 S.W. of Lowell. 
 First settled, 1653; inc. 1655; pop. 1387; r. ps. 416 ; va!. 
 51 89; s. m. glOOO. Limestone. Granite. C/— John Park - 
 hursl, b ; Hezekiah Packard, and 1 v. soc. c ; 1 soc. e ; W. 
 Balfour, u, Ph — John C. Bartlett. Atl — Joel Adams. Pms — 
 Joel Adams; North, Benjamin Adams. 
 
 Concord. 
 
 This town is situated on the river of the same name, 17 
 miles W.N.W from Boston, 14 S.S.W. I'rom Lowell, 14 from 
 
MIDDLESEX COUNTY 81 
 
 Harvard College, 30 E.N.E. from Worcester, and 445 from 
 Washing-ton. It lies not far from the centre of the county of 
 Middlesex, of which it is the half shire. This town was the 
 first inland settlement in the colonj' of Massachusetts Bay. 
 Tiie township was originally six miles square, and derives its 
 name from the harmony in which it was purchased of the na- 
 tives, lis Iiulian title was 3tusketaquid. It took an active 
 part in the prosecution of the war against Kiirg Phillip, in 
 1675-G, and in April of the latter year, 10 or 12 of iis citizens 
 were killed, in the attack made by the Indians on the neigh- 
 boring town of Sudbury. The General Court has frequently 
 held its sessions in this town, and in the year 1774 the Provin- 
 cial Congress selected it as their place of meeting. On the 
 ]9lh of April, 1775, a detachment of British troops, sent out 
 by Gen. Gage for tiie purpose of seizing a quantity of military 
 stores, which were deposited here l>y tlic Province, were met 
 at the North bridge b3' the citizens of Concord and the neigh- 
 boring towns and forcibly repulsed. ]t was at this spot that 
 the first regular and efiectual resistance was made, and the 
 first British life was taken in the war of the revolution. The 
 graves of two of the British soldiers, who were killed at this 
 place, are still marked, and a suitable monument is about to 
 be erected near the site of the bridge to commemorate the 
 event. The principal manufactories are one for cotton and 
 woolen, which is designed to manufacture 5000 yards per 
 week ; one for lead, which consumes about 400 tons per year 
 in the manufacture of lead pipe and sheets ; two saw mills; 
 two grist mills, carried by water; and a windmill, with two 
 runs of stones. In addition to these, the manufacture of piano 
 fortes, carriages, shoes, guns, black and red lead pencils, 
 soap, candles, and copper pumps is carried on to some extent. 
 This town was incorporated, 1G35; pop. 1820, 1738 — 1830, 
 2017 ; r. ps. 431 ; val. gZ bO ■ s. m. ,,^1550. The ••' Concord 
 Bank" has a capital of ,i? 100.000— Daniel Shattuck, Pi.; John 
 M. Cheney, Cr. The " Middlesex Mutual Insurance Compa- 
 ny" has a'capital of 5100,000 — Abiel Hey wood, Pt.; Nathan 
 Brooks, Sec'y. CI — Ezra Ripley, H. B. Goodwin, John 
 Wilder, Jr., c. Fhs — Isaac Hurd, Abiel Heywood, Josiah 
 I3artlett,E. Jarvis. Atts — Hee Law-Rer^ister. Pin — J. Keyes. 
 
 Dracut. 
 
 United to Lowell by a bridge over Merrimack river. 16 
 miles N. by E. of Concord, 18 S W of Haverhill, and 27 N. 
 W. of i?oston. On the line of N.H. Pop. Ifil5 ; inc. 1701 ; 
 r.ps.418; val. ^2 19 ; s. m. §300. Some flannel and brushes 
 are made here, on Beaver river. Ct — 3 v. socs. c. Pits— 
 p. Bradley, Israel Hildreth, Jr. Atts — John Varnum, E. 
 Fuller. Pm — Perley Parker. 
 11* 
 
82 JIASSACIIUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Dunstable. 
 
 Inc. 1683 ; pop. 593 ; r. ps. 145 ; val. 82 cents ; s. m. gSOO. 
 27 miles N.W. of Boston, 18 N. by W. of Concord, and G 
 miles S. of Nashua Village. {Nashua Village is in New- 
 Hampshire, at the junction of the Nashua and Blerrimack 
 rivers ; a place of great hydraulic power, and important man- 
 ufactories : — 33 miles N.VV. of Boston ) CI — 1 v. soc. b; 1 
 V. soc. c ; 1 V. soc. u. J. P — Jonathan Bennet, J. Cummings, 
 Edward Page, and others. Pm — Josiah Cummings, Jr. 
 
 Framingham. 
 
 A large and pleasant town, through which the Worcester 
 turnpike passes— 13 miles S.S.W. of Concord, 20 W.S.W. of 
 Boston, and 20 E. of Worcester. This town is well watered 
 by Sudbur}' river, and numerous ponds. It has become an 
 agreeable resort for fishing, fowling, and other rural sports. 
 Inc. 1700 ; pop. 2,313; r. ps. 552 ; val. $Z; s. m. ^^1300. In 
 this town are extensive manufactories of cotton and wool, 
 carriages, &-c. &c. The " Framingham Bank" has a capital 
 of g99.450— Josiah Adams, I't; Rufus Brewer, Cr. CI— 
 Daniel Kellogg, Geo. Trask, Calvin Kidder, and 1 v. soc. c ; 
 Charles Train, b; 1 soc. m; 1 soc. u. Phs — John B. Kit- 
 (redge, Simeon Whitnej'. ^«5— Josiah Adams, William 
 Buckminster. Pm — Samuel Warren. 
 
 Groton. 
 
 A delightful town, of extraordinary good soil, 32 miles N.W. 
 of Boston, Ifi N.W. of Concord, and 14 W. by S. of Lowell. 
 On Nashua river. Pop. 1925 ; r. ps. 487 ; val. $1 71 ; s. m. 
 S12G0; inc. 1655. 1 large paper factory on Sqnanecook river. 
 Iron ore. Soapstone, of which there is a factor}' of puvips. 
 CI — Charles Robinson, Charles Kittredge, c; Amasa Saun- 
 ders, b. P/)s— Amos Bancroft, Amos Bancroft, Jr., Joshua 
 Green, Jacob Williams, and Dr. Stearns. Atis — See Law- 
 Register. Pm — Caleb Butler. 
 
 Ilolliston. 
 
 A small branch of Charles river rises in this town, and af- 
 fords it a good water power. First settled in 1710 ; inc. 1724 ; 
 pop. 1304; r. ps. 394; val. ,^1 67; s. m. g700. 24 miles S. 
 W. by W. of Boston, 21 S. of Concord, and 6 N.E. of Hop- 
 kinton. One woolen factory, one of thread, and one of combs. 
 A large quantity of brogans are made here, employing about 
 300 men, women and children. CI — Elijah Demond, c ; Jon- 
 athan Cady, m. e. Phs — Timothy Fisk, S. G. Burnap. Att 
 — Eliag Bullard. Pm—S. G. Burnap. 
 
MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 83 
 
 Hopkinton. 
 
 Branches of Charles and Mill rivers rise in this town, on 
 which are some manufacturing establishments. It was incor- 
 porated, 1715 ; pop. 1809 ; r. ps. 491 ; val. 52 30 ; s. m. ^840. 
 The mineral spring in this town is much visited. It contains 
 carbonic acid, and carbonate of lime and iron. It is situated 
 near White Hall Pond, which abounds in fine fish of various 
 kinds. There is a large hotel here, which is well kept. The 
 Boston and Worcester railroad passes within 3 1-2 miles of it, 
 at Westborough, and it is 7 miles from the Blackstone canal, 
 at Northbridge. A trip to Hopkinton Springs is both pleas- 
 ant and fashionable. More than 4000 persons visited this 
 watering placp last season. This town lies 24 miles S.W. by 
 S. of Concord, 14 E. by S. of Worcester, 30 N. by W. of 
 Providence, and 30 S.W. of Boston. CI — Nathaniel Howe, 
 Jeffries Hall, c; E. Monroe, e ; 1 soc. m. Phs — Thomas 
 Bucklin, Jefierson Pratt. ^»— Samuel B. Walcott. Fm— 
 J. C. Valentine; Union Village, M. Mctcalf. 
 
 Lexington. 
 
 At this place tlie first blood was shed in the cause of Amer- 
 ican independence, on the memorable 19th of April, 1775. It 
 lies 10 miles N.W. of Boston, 7 E. of Concord, and 13 S.S.E. 
 of Lowell. Inc. 1712 ; pop. 1541 ; r. ps. 426 ; val. gl 95 ; s. 
 in. ^1000. C/— Charles Briggs, c ; 1 soc. b. Fhs~Joseph 
 Fiske, L. Proctor, S. Spaulding, Thomas Whitcomb. J. P — 
 Elias Phinney, Joseph Fiske, and others. Pm — John P. 
 Merriam. 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Inc. 1754 ; pop. 709 ; r. ps. 164; val. gl 01 ; s. m. 5520, 
 Bounded W. by Sudbury river. 7 miles N.W. of Waltham, 
 16 N.W. by W. of Boston, and 3 S. of Concord. C/— Ebe- 
 nezer Newhall, c. Pli — George Russell. J. P — Elijah Fiske, 
 Charles Wheeler, Joel Smith. Pm — Luke Gates. 
 
 Littleton. 
 
 The Nashabah of the Indians. 26 miles W.N.W. of Bos- 
 ton, 10 N.W. of Concord, and 6 S.E. of Groton. Pop. 947 ; 
 r. ps. 227; val. gill; s. m. g750; inc. 1715. Limestone. 
 Large quantities of hops are raised here. Beautiful ponds. 
 CI — William H. White, c ; Silas Kenney, b ; 1 soc. u. Ph — 
 Paul Kittredge. J. P — Jonathan Manning, Simon Hartwell, 
 Benjamin Dix, and others, /'tti— -Jonathan Hartwell. 
 
84 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Lowell. 
 
 This place is remarkal^le for the extent of its water power, 
 its rapid growth, and the height to which it has raised the 
 American character by the perfection of its nianufaclures. 
 In 1815, this town (tlien a part of (/hemlsford) was a wil- 
 derness, with the exception of a few lonely dwellings. It lies 
 on Merrimack river, below Pawtucket Falls, and at the union 
 of Concord river witli the Merrimack. It is 25 miles N. of 
 Boston, 12 N. by E. of Concord, and 38 S. of Concord, N.H. 
 The hydraulic power of this place is produced by a canal, 
 of a mile and a half in length, 60 feet in width, and 8 feet in 
 dcpin, extending from the head of Pawlucket Falls to Con- 
 cord river. This canal has locks at its outlet into Concord 
 river : — and it also serves for the passage of boats up and 
 down the Merrimack. The entire fall is 32 feet. From this 
 canal the water is conveyed by lateral canals to the various 
 places where it is wanted for use, and then discharged, either 
 into the Merrimack or Concord. 'l^Iie waters of this canal are 
 estimated to be ampi}- sufficient to propel 60 mills of the size 
 of those already erected. This canal is owned by " The Pro- 
 prietors of Locks and Canals on Merrimack River." This 
 company was incorpoiated in 1792, and have a capital of 
 ^600,000. They dispose of lands and mill privileges, and 
 own the Machine Shop, and carry on the manufacture of ma- 
 chinery. The first cotton mill at this place was erected in 
 1822. There are now 8 incorporated manufacturing compa- 
 nies, with a capita! of 50,150,000. These companies have 20 
 mills in full operation, with 103,876 spindles, 3,554 looms, and 
 5,715 operatives ; about three-fourths of which are females. 
 The factories are built of brick and are about 147 feet in 
 length, 45 feet in breadth, and from 4 to 7 stories high. These 
 mills manufacture a large amount of wool, and about 30.0CO 
 bales of cotton, annually. The manufactures consist of cot- 
 ton goods of all qualities, broadcloths, cassimeres, flannels, 
 Kidderminster and Brussels carpetings, rugs, worsted, &c. 
 The cotton goods and carpeting are suf)erior to those import- 
 ed. The quantity of cotton cloth made at these mills, annu- 
 ally, is about 25 000,000 yards ; of which about 7,000,000 
 yards are bleached and printed into calico, of all the various 
 qualities and patterns now in use. Another company has 
 been incorporated, with a large capital, and will make about 
 2,600,000 yards of flannel annually. The Lowell Blenchery 
 has a capi'lal of ^50,000. It bleaches aboiU 125,000 yards 
 annually, and employs 30 or 40 hands. Preparations are 
 making to erect other factories. A vast quantity of machinery 
 is made at this place. The Machine Shop is a brick building, 
 220 feet long, 45 wide and 4 stories high. About 200 ma- 
 
MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 85 
 
 chliiisls, many of them of the most approved skill and inge- 
 iiuitv, are constantly employed. About 700 tons of cast and 
 wrought iron, besides a large quantity of steel, are annually 
 converted into machinery of various kinds. It is computed, 
 that the various manufactories at this place consume, annually, 
 6,000 tons of anthracite coal, besides large quantities of wood 
 and charcoal. About a mile from thevilhige is a powder mill, 
 making between 700,000 and 800,000 pounds of powder annu- 
 all}'. The conveyance of goods between Lowell and Boston 
 is low and expeditious. V[^ For Middlesex Canal and Bos- 
 ton and Lowell Railioad, see Boston. This town was taken 
 from Chelmsford in 1824; pop. 1830,6,474—1832, 10,234— 
 1833, 12,363— (of which 4,537 were males, and 7,926 females.) 
 The present population is estimated at 14,000 ; r. ps. 1816; 
 val. Sll 40. The "' Lowell Bank" has a capital of 5250,000 
 — Nathaniel Wright, Pt.; James G. Carney. Cr. The " Rail- 
 road Bank" has a capital of ^500,000 — Luther Lawrence, 
 Pt.; Pelham W. Warren, Cr. There are three fire insurance 
 companies in this town, an Institution for Savings, and a num- 
 ber of moral and religious societies. CI — Amos Blanchard, 
 William Twining, Giles Pease, William Barry, c; Theodore 
 Edson,e; Enoch W. Freeman, James Barnaby, b; Thomas 
 B. Thayer, u ; Abram D. Merrill, O. Van Rensselaer, e. m ; 
 Nathaniel Thurston, freewill b; 1 christian soc ; John Maho- 
 ney, r. c. Phs — John O. Green, William Graves, Harlen 
 Piilsbury, Elisha Huntington, Elisha Bartlett, Oilman Kim- 
 ball, John W. Graves, Daniel Mowe, John C. Dalton, Charles 
 Hubbard, John D. Piilsbury, John N. Sumner, J. T. G. Leach, 
 Charles Gorden, Jeremiah P. Jevvett, Bradley Parker, J. C. 
 Henry, John Thurston, Ilenrj- A. Dewar, Robert Darrah 
 (Dentist.) Atts — See Law-Regiater. Pot— Eliphalet Case. 
 
 Maiden. 
 
 A bridge over Mj'slic river, built in 1787, connects this town 
 with Charlestown. First settled 1648; inc. 1649 ; pop. 2010 ; 
 r. ps. 530; val. ^2 04; s. m. ^ISOO. 5 miles N. of Boston, 
 and 16 E. by S. of Concord. Good water power, on a small 
 stream from two ponds. 2 silk dye-houses, 1 rolling and slit- 
 ting mill, 2 fulling mills, 2 tin ware factories, a rasping ma- 
 chine and pulverizing mill, (for dye stuffs,) and several other 
 manufactories. CI — Sylvanus Cobb, u; Alex. W. McClure, 
 r ; Conant Sawyer, b ; 2 socs. m. Phs — E. Buck, Abraham 
 Gould, and Dr. Brown. Alt — Charles Lewis. Pm — B. G. 
 Hill. 
 
86 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Marlborough. 
 
 The Okommakamesit of the Iiulinns. A large and pleasant 
 farming' town, wiih a remarkabl3- good soil — well watered by 
 the A.ssal)ct, and olher sniail rivers, and ponds. It lies 29 
 miles W of Boston, 14. S.W. of Concord, and ]G E. of 
 AVorcester. First settled, 1()34; inc. IGGO; pop. 2074; r. ps. 
 515; val. ,?3 08; s. m. ^900. C/— William Morse, and I v. 
 soc. c ; Thomas J. Greenwood, u ; 1 soc. m. Pits — Drs. Ba- 
 ker and llildreili. Alls — Richard Farwell and Eph. Hinds. 
 Fm — Sullivan Thayer. 
 
 Medford. 
 
 On Mystic river, at the head of navigation — 5 miles N.W. 
 of Boston, 14 E. by S. of Concord, and 2 W. of Maiden. 
 The Middlesex canal passes through the town. The finest 
 American ships are built here, and large quantities of bricks 
 are manufactured. Inc. 1630; ]jop. 1735; r. ps. 421 ; val. 
 54 07; s. m. ,^1500. Winter Hill, cc\vhrA\cd in the annals 
 of the revolution, is in this town, and is 125 feet above tide- 
 water. CI — Caleb Stetson and 1 v. soc. c ; J. Banfield, u ; 
 1 soc. m. P'lifs — Samuel Gregg, Daniel Swan. (John Brooks, 
 M.D.jM.M.S.S., LL.D., late Governor of the commonwealth, 
 was born in this town, 1752. He died, RIarch 1, 1823.) Alt — 
 Abner Barllett. Pni — Luther Angler. 
 
 Naticli. 
 
 Inc. 1781 ; pop. 890; r. ps. 259; val. ^l 21. 16 miles W. 
 S.W. of Boston; 12 S. of Concord, and 9 W.N.W. of Dedham. 
 Watereil by Charles river. The Indians used to call it " the 
 place of hills." The first Indian church in New-England was 
 formed here in IGGO. It was the last town in flliddlesex coun- 
 ty occupied by them. It contains numerous fine fish ponds. 
 Considerable manufacture of paper and shoes. The railroad 
 from Boston to W^orcester passes through it. Ct — E. I). 
 Bloore and I\Ir. Blanehard, c. Ph — Stephen H. Spaulding. 
 J. P — Samuel Fiske, Chester Adams, and others. Pms — 
 William Farris; South, Dexter W^hitney. 
 
 Newton. 
 
 A large, beautiful agricultural and manufacturing town, the 
 NfHaiitum of the Indians, 7 miles W. by S. of Boston, 12 S. 
 E. of Concord, and 7 N. of Dedliam. Charles river washes 
 the borders of this town 13 miles, and, by two falls of consid- 
 erable extent, affords it a great and valuable water power. 
 Nine bridges cross Charles river in this town. In this town 
 afe large manufactories of cotton and woolen cloth, paper, 
 
MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 87 
 
 iron, machinery of various kinds, chemicals, &c. &c. On the 
 7lh of April, 1834, a number of cars, with passengers, arrived 
 here from Boston on the Boston and Worcester railroad : — an 
 important epoch in the iiistory of internal improvement in 
 P<fc\v-England. The Theological Sewinarij in this town vvas 
 founded in 1825. Presicle?U of the Board of Trus/.fes, II -v. 
 Joseph Grafton. Secretai-ij,Kev. Henry Jackson. Professor 
 of Biblical Theolofftj, and pro tern, of Ecclesiastical History, 
 Rev. Ira Chase. Professor of Biblical Literature, Rev. Hen- 
 ry J. Kipley. Professor of Pastoral Duties, Rev. James D. 
 Knowles. Vacations. First, si.K weeks from the last 
 Wednesday but one in August. Second, six weeks from the 
 last Wednesday in March. I'his town was inc. 1C91 ; pop. 
 2377 ; r. ps. 54(i ; val. ,ff3 10 ; s. m. «?1800. C/— Joseph Graf- 
 ton and 1 V. HOC. b ; Jonathan Homer, Lyman Gilbert, James 
 Bates, and 1 v. soc. c ; Alfred L. Baury, e ; 1 soc. m ; Stephen 
 Culler, u. Phs — .\lfred Hosmer, S. B. Carpenter. Henry 
 Starr, Samuel Warren. Atts — Amos Allen, John H. Rich- 
 ardson. Pms — J. H. Richardson ; Lo^cer Falls, Amos Allen;. 
 Ujjper Falls, Joseph W. Plympton. 
 
 Pepperell. 
 
 A pleasant town, bounded east by the Nashua river, and 
 has a good water power. It was inc. 1753 ; pop. 1 MO ; r. ps. 
 370 ; val. 5?! 59 ; s. m. ?7'20. It lies 33 miles N.W. of Bos- 
 ton, 17 N.N.W. of Concord, and 11 S.W. of Nashua Village, 
 N.II. Some manufactories. CI — James Howe, Charles Bab- 
 bage.c. Phs — Nehemiah Cutter, John Walton. Atts — James 
 Lewis, Asa F. Lawrence. Pm — A. Emerson. 
 
 Reading. 
 
 13 miles N. of Boston. 17 N.E. of Concord, and 10 W. of 
 Salem. Pop. 1806; first settled, 1640; inc. 1644; r. ps.511 j 
 val. 5- n ; s. m. ^300. There are considerable manufactures 
 of shoes and cabinet ware in this town. CI — Asa Picket and 
 2 socs. b; 1 soc. u ; 2 v. socs. c. Phs — Daniel Gould, and 
 Drs. Grosvenor and Davis. Att — Joshua Prescott. Pms — 
 John Weston; North, David Damon. 
 
 Sherburne. 
 
 This town lies 10 miles W. of Dedham, 15 S. of Concord, 
 and IS S.W. bv W. of Boston. Inc. 1674; pop 900; r. ps. 
 254; val. J^l 37; s. m. ,^765. If is well watered by Charles 
 and Sudbury rivers, and has some manufactures. Cl — Amo5 
 Clark, Samuel Lee, c. J. P — Calvin Sanger, John Ballard, 
 Isaac Whitney, and others. Pm — Calvin Sanger. 
 
MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Shirley. 
 
 Inc. 1753; pop. 991 ; r. ps. 241 ; val. gl 14; s. m. ^600. 
 32 miles N.W. of Boston, 16 N.W. of Concord, and 18 S.W. 
 of Lowell. It has good water privileges on Nashua river. 
 There are in this town 5 cotton mills, a satinet and 2 carding 
 factories. 1 large paper mill, with 10 engines. The families 
 of shakers in this town (3 miles south of the centre) consist of 
 from 150 to 200 souls, and are noted for their industry, g(jod 
 garden seeds, herbs, &lc. From §10,000 to ^14,000 value of 
 hops are annually e.xported. CI — Selli Chandler, Hope 
 Brown, c; J. V. Wilson, u. Phs — A. G. Parker, Benjamin 
 Hartwell. J. P — Thomas Whitney, S, Longley, James P. 
 Whitney. Pm — Thomas Whitney. 
 
 South-Reading. 
 
 Formerly a part of Readintr. Inc. 1812; pop. 1310; r. ps. 
 412; val. gl 46; s. m. 5270." 10 miles N. of Boston, 18 E. 
 by N. of Concord, and 10 W. of Salem. Saugus river rises 
 in this town from two ponds, covering about 500 acres. The 
 amount of shoes manufactured here is estimated at 5200,000 
 annually. The manufacture of tin ware in this town is very 
 extensive. In the sale of this article, in various parts of the 
 country, there are employed about 50 men, with horses and 
 carriages. CI — Reuben Emerson, c ; Isaac Sawyer, b ; 1 
 V. soc. u. Phs — John Hunt, Thaddeus Spaulding, Nathan 
 Richardson, Solon O. Richardson. J. P — Lilley Eaton, and 
 Drs. Hunt and Spaulding. Pni — Eli A. Yale. 
 
 Stoueham. 
 
 This town lies 13 miles E. of Concord, and 10 miles N. of 
 Boston. Pop. 732; r. ps. 218 ; val. 83 cents; sm. 5325; 
 inc. 1725. Limestone. CI — ^Jonas Colbum,c; 1 v. soc. u. 
 Ph—WWWam F. Stevens. J. P— Peter Hay. Pm—W. 
 Sweetser. 
 
 Stow. 
 
 Watered by Assabet river. 24 miles W. by N. of Boston, 
 8 W. bv S. of Concord, and 5 N. by E. of Marlborough. 
 Inc. 1683; pop. 1221 ; r. ps. 313; val. 51 46 ; s. m. 5500. 
 One broadcloth factory. Of late years hops have been suc- 
 cessfully cultivated. CI — 1 v. soc. c ; 1 soc. u. Phs — Jona- 
 than Newell, Herman and Charles Whitcomb, and Dr. 
 Chandler. Att — Rufus Hosmer. Pm — Francis Conant. 
 
MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 89 
 
 Sudbury. 
 
 On the W. side of Sudbury river, 24 miles N.E. of Worces- 
 ter, 8 S. W. of Concord, and 19 W. by N. of Boston. First 
 settled, 1638; inc. 1639; pop. 1424; r. ps. 382; val. $1 83; 
 s. iti. 5650. C/— Rufus Huribut, c ; 1 soc. m. /. P— Ebe- 
 nezer Plympton, William Hunt, Thomas Stearns, and others. 
 
 Tewkesbury. 
 
 The Wamesit of the Indians. Near the junction of the 
 Concord and Merrimack rivers. Light soil : — good for hop 
 growing. Pop. 1527; r. ps. 418 ; val. ^1 80; s. m. §500. 
 19 miles N.W. by W. of Boston, 12 N.N.E. of Concord, and 
 6 E.S.E. ofLowell. Inc. 1734. C/— Jacob Coggin, c. Ph— 
 Henry Kittredge. J. F — S. Worcester, J. Brown, William 
 Rogers. Pm — John Coggin. 
 
 Townsend. 
 
 A branch of Nashua river passes through this town, on 
 which are some mills. It lies 22 miles N.W. of Concord, 8 
 N.N.E. of Fitchburgh, and 38 N. of Boston. Inc. 1732 ; pop. 
 1506 ; r. ps. 374 ; val. ^1 55 ; s. m. ^600. C/— Caleb Brown, 
 b; William M. Rogers, c; 1 soc. u. Ph — Isaac Mulli- 
 ken. All — Aaron Keyes. Pms — Aaron Keyes, James S. 
 Walton. 
 
 Tyngsborough. 
 
 On both sides of Merrimack river, 8 miles N.W. by W. of 
 Lowell, 29 N.W. of Boston, and 16 N. by W. of Concord. 
 Granite. Inc. 1789; pop. 822; r. ps. 218; val. $\ 10; s. m. 
 S500. C/— Nathaniel Lawrence, c ; 1 v. soc. b. Phs — Calvin 
 Thomas, Augustus Pierce. Alts — Daniel Richardson, Charles 
 Buttcrfield. P711 — Daniel Richardson. 
 
 Waltham. 
 
 This is one of the pleasantest towns in the vicinity of Bos- 
 Ion. It lies on the north side of Charles river, and is 10 mile.s 
 W. bv N. of Boston. 9 S.E. of Concord. 10 N. by W. of 
 Dedham, and 34 E.N.E. of Worcester. It was inc. 1737 ; 
 pop. 1869 ; r. ps. 469 ; val. $Z 38 ; s. m. §1700. The cotton 
 factories in this town were commenced by a company of gen- 
 tlemen in 1814, with a capital of ^600,000. By extraordinary 
 skill and good management, this establishment, though the 
 first in the country, on an extensive scale, and through all the 
 various coihmercial changes, has proved lucrative to the pro- 
 12 
 
90 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 prietors, and highly beneficial to the public. The private gar- 
 dens of the Hon. Theodore Lyman, in this town^ are unsur- 
 passed, for costliness and beauty, by any other in the United 
 States. CI — Samuel Ripley, Sewall Harding, and I v. see. 
 c ; 1 soc. m ; T. Lynch, r. c. Phs — Horatio Adams. T. Kit- 
 tredge, George Mansfield. AU-^K. Moore. Pm — Nathaniel 
 Maynard. 
 
 Watertown. 
 
 The Indian Pigsgusset, a pleasant manufacturing town, at 
 the licad of navigation on Charles river — 7 miles W. of Bos- 
 ton, 12 y.E. of Concord, and 3 E. by S. of Walthani. It was 
 inc. 1630; pop. 1641 ; r. ps. 423; val. ,«?2 61 ; s. m. ^liOO. 
 The water privileges in this town are valuable, and well im- 
 proved for manufacturing purposes. Here are large manu- 
 lactorie.s of candles; ancl great quantities of provisions, of 
 various kinds, are annually packed for the Boston market. 
 The United States' Arsenal, in this town, occupies a site of 40 
 acres on the north bank of the river. CI — C Francis, c ; N. 
 Medbury, b; 1 v. soc.u. Phs — W. Hunncwell, Hiram Hos- 
 nier, N. Bemis, J. \V. Bemis. Alls — See Laic -Register. 
 Pm — Benjamin Dana. 
 
 Wayland. 
 
 This town bore the name of East- Sudbury, from 1780 until 
 IS.'^S. It lies on the east side of Sudbury river. IG miles \V. 
 of Boston, 7 S. of Concord, and 7 N.E- of Framingham. 
 Pop 944; r. ps. 237 ; val. gl 22 ; s. m. §675 67— John B. 
 Wight and 1 V. soc\ c ; 1 soc. m. Phs — Ebenezer Ames, 
 Edward Frost. J. P — Jacob Reeves, C. G. Cutler, and 
 others. Pm — Newell Heard. 
 
 West-Cambridge. 
 
 Taken from Cambridge in 1807; formerly called " Menoto- 
 mv" This town is pleasant and contains some fine ponds. 
 It lies 6 miles N.W. of Boston, 12 E. bj- S. of Concord, and 
 4 S.E. of Lexington. Pop. 1230; r. ps. 323 ; val. ,<?1 68 ; s. 
 m. ;§760. C/— F. H. Hedge, c ; 1 soc. u ; 1 soc. b. Ph— 
 Timothy Wellington. Att — James Russell. 
 
 Westford. 
 
 A pleasant town on elevated ground. Inc. 1729; pop. 
 1329; r. ps. 305; val. gl 69; s. m. §700. 24 miles N.W. of 
 Boston, 8 N.W. of Concord, and 9 S.W. of Lowell. In this 
 town are large quantities of fine granite, commonly called 
 
MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 91 
 
 " Chelmsfosd granite." Here is a flourishing academy, incor- 
 porated in 17iJ.>. 67 — Leonard Luce, c ; 1 soc. u. Phs — 
 Asaph Byain, Benjamin Osi:;ooti, Thomas Richmond. AUs — 
 John Abboii, J.W. P. Abbott. Rm—J-W. P. Abbott5 Forge 
 Village, Luther Prcscott. 
 
 Weston. 
 
 A pleasant town, with a large machinery establishment on 
 Stony Brook— 9 miles S. by E. of Concord, 9 N.W. of Ded- 
 ham, and H W. of Boston. Inc. 1712; pop. 1091 ; r. ps. 
 322; vai. 5181; s. m. §900. C7— Joseph Field, Jr. and 1 
 soc. b ; 1 soc. m. Ph — Benjamin James. Alts — Isaac Fiske, 
 A. Bigelow, Jr. Pm — Abraham Ilewes. 
 
 Wilmington. 
 
 The Middlesex canal passes through this town. Large 
 quantities of hops are giown here and in the neighboring 
 towns. It lies 10 miles S.E. bv E. of Lowell, and 14 N.N.W. 
 of Boston. Pop. 731 ; r. ps. 193 ; val. 96 cents ; s. ni. ^300 ; 
 inc. 17J0. CI — Francis Norwood, c ; I soc. u. Ph — Silas 
 Brown. J. F — William Blanchard, Jr., James Jaques. Pm— 
 James Jaques. 
 
 Wobarn. 
 
 The Middlesex canal passes through this town. It lies 10 
 miles N.W. by N. of Boston, 12 E. by N. of Concord, and 14 
 W. of Salem. This place was formerly called " Charlestown 
 Village." First settled, lt)40; inc. 1G42; pop. 1977; r. ps. 
 569 ; val. g2 44. Large manufacture of shoes. Horn pond, 
 in this town, is a beautilul sheet of water and surrounded by 
 picturesque scenery. CI — Joseph Bennett, c ; Iv. soc. b; 1 
 V. soc. u. Phs — Benjamin Cutter, S. Plimpton, and A. Plymp- 
 ton. AU — Wyman Richardson. Pm — B, Buckman, 
 
NANTUCKET COUNTY AND TOWN. 
 
 Incorporated, 1695. An island in the Atlantic Ocean — 
 town and county. It lies east of Dukes count}', and about 30 
 miles south of Cape Cod, or Barnstable county. This island 
 is about 13 miles in lengih, from east to west, and about four 
 miles average breadth. It contains 60 square miles. The 
 town, formerly called Sherburne, is in about the centre of the 
 island, on the north side, in lat. 41° 18' N., and 70° 10' W. 
 Ion. It has a good harbor, with 7^ feet of water, at low tide, 
 on the bar at its mouth. This island was formerly well wooded, 
 but (or many years it has not had a single tree of natural 
 growth. The soil is light and sandy ; it however affords pas- 
 turage for about 14,00() sheep, 500 cows, and other cattle. In 
 1G59, when this county was incorporated, the island contained 
 3000 Indians, but now, not one. The whale fishery com- 
 menced here in 1G90 ; and this place is perhaps more celebra- 
 ted than any other for the enterjirize and success of its people 
 in that species of nautical adventure. Pop. 1820, 7,266 — 
 1830,7,202; r. ps. 1656; val. ^17 25. 144- inhabitants to a 
 square mile. Nantucket is 55 miles S.E. of New-Bedford,. "0 
 S.E. of Falmouth, 102 S.E. by S. of Boston, and 300 miles from 
 Washington. This town has 76 ships employed in the whale 
 fishery. There are 66 schooners and sloops engaged in the 
 coasting trade. Total tonnage, about 35,000 tons. 2010 men 
 and bovs, belonging to the island, are employed in naviga- 
 tion. There are on the island 30 candle houses, or factories ; 
 2 brass foundries ; and 4 (wind) grist mills. There are con- 
 siderable quantities of peat on the island. The " Citizens 
 Bank" has a capital of JJIOO.OOO— James Mitchell, Pt.; W. 
 C. Starbank, Cr. The " Manufacturers' and Mechanics' 
 Bank" has a capital of ^100,000— David Jones, Pt.; Barker 
 Burnell, Cr. The " Pacific Bank" has a capital of §200,000 
 — Frederick W. Mitchell, Pt.; James Athearn, Cr. The 
 " Phoenix Insurance Company" have a capital of § 100,000— 
 David Jones, Pt.; William Mitchell, Sec'y. The "Union 
 Marine Insurance Company" have a capital of g30,000— 
 William Coffin, Pt; M. Mitchell, Sec'y. The " Commercial 
 12* 
 
94 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Insurance Company" have a cap. of §125,000 — M.T. Morton, 
 Pt.j Richard Mitchell, Sec'y. A steamboat plies between this 
 place and New-Bedford, daily, touching at Wood's Hole, near 
 Falmouth. CI — 2 socs. of friends, and 2 socs. m ; Stephen 
 Mason and Henry Mead, c. Phs~-Yi. P. Fearing and Paul 
 Swift. Atts — See Law-Resister. Collector — Martin T.Mor- 
 ton. Commissioners of Wrecks — George Myrick, George 
 Myrick, Jr., Tristram Barnard, Benjamin Worth ; Tucka- 
 nuck, (a small island on the west side,) Andrew Brock. Pm 
 — G. W. Ewer. 
 
NORFOLK COUNTY. 
 
 This county is bounded N.E. b^' Boston harbor, N. by 
 Suffolk county, W. by the S. E. corner of Worcester coun- 
 ty, S. by the N.E. corner of the State of Rhode Island, and 
 S.S.E. and E. by the counties of Bristol and Plymouth. 
 Area, about 400 square miles. Central lat. 42° 12' N.; Ion. 
 71° 5' W. Pop. in 1820, 36,452; in 1830, 41,901; r. p. 
 10,637; val. S53 15. Taken from Suffolk county in 1793. 
 This county has a maritime coast on Boston harbor of about 
 12 miles, which is indented with many small bays and navi- 
 gable rivers. Its surface is uneven, and in some parts hilly. 
 Its soil is generally strong and rocky. Much of the dark col- 
 ored granite or sienite is found here. A large part of Norfolk 
 county, particularly those towns near Boston, is under a high 
 state of cultivation, and affords fruits and vegetables in great 
 abundance. The proximity of this county to the capital, gives 
 it many facilities ; and the towns in this, and in the county of 
 Middlesex, that border on Boston harbor, may be called the 
 Gardens of Boston. 22 towns; 105 inhabitants to a square 
 mile. The Charles, Neponset, and Manaticut^ are its chief 
 rivers. 
 
 Bellingham. 
 
 This town is well watered by Charles river. It has 2 
 cotton mills and a woolen factory. Iron ore. Inc. 1719 ; 
 pop. 1001 ; r. ps. 265; val. $1 18 ; s. m. g500. 28 miles S. 
 W. of Boston, 18 S.W. of Dedham, and 17 N. by W. of 
 Providence. CI — Joseph T. Massey, b ; 1 v. soc. u. Ph — 
 Dr. Atwood. J. /'—Stephen Metcalf, John Bates, J. C. 
 Scammell. Pnis — H. Barber, Jr.; East, Thatcher Clark. 
 
 Brain tree: 
 
 This town was inc. 1640. It lies 10 miles S. by E. of Bos- 
 ton, 12 miles S.E. of Dedham, and 6 N. by E. of Randolph. 
 
% MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Pop. 1752; r. ps. 483 ; val. 5I 83 ; s. m. ^925. The Manaf- 
 icut river, after meandering llirongh this town and affording 
 many fine mill sites, meets the tide-waters of Weymouth Fore' 
 river at Braintree landing, in Boston harbor, where consider- 
 able quantities of flour, grain, lumber, &c. are sold. In this 
 town are manufactories of cotton, satinet, shovels, nails, paper, 
 and chocolate. Large quantities of shoes are made here. 
 This town formerly included Quincij and Randolph, and was 
 first called Mount Wolaston. It is celebrated for the anti- 
 quity of its settlement, (1625,) and for the eminent men jl! has 
 produced both in church and state. It afi'ords good wiiitc 
 oak and cedar; and some of the best merchant ships are bnilt 
 here. Excellent granite, of which large quantities are annu- 
 ally transported to Boston and other places. Some indica- 
 tions of coal. The Holley tree (Ilex aquifolium) is indigenous. 
 Paine's Hill is 210 feet above the sea. A survey between 
 the tide waters of this town and those of Taunton river, to 
 unite Massachusetts and Narraganset bays, by a ship canal, 
 was commenced by the United States' government in 1827, 
 From the tide lock at the Quarry in Bramtree, on Weymoutbi 
 Fore river, to the tide lock at Somerset, 13 miles below Tauii- 
 ton, the distance is 36 miles. The summit level between the 
 bays is at Howard's meadow, in Randolph, 134 feel above 
 high water mark at Braintree or Weymouth lauding. A 
 ship canal in this direction, or one across Cape Cod, at Sand- 
 wich, would save many lives and a vast amount of property. 
 CI — Richard S. Storrs, Jonas Perkins, Lyman Matthews, c. 
 Ph — Jonathan Wild, Jr. All — Samuel Breck. P»i— Asa 
 French. 
 
 Brooklinc. 
 
 In this town the hand of culture is seen in every place, and 
 many gentlemen of taste and fortune make this their resi- 
 dence. It is 6 miles S.W. of Boston, and 5 N. bv E. of Ded- 
 ham. Inc. 1705. Pop. 1041; r. ps. 240; val. ^^2 46; s. m. 
 ,g; 1,050. C/— John Pierce, c ; J. A. Warren, b. PA— Chas. 
 Wild. J. P— See Law Register. Pz/i— Oliver Wythe. 
 
 Canton. 
 
 This town is well watered by Neponset river and several 
 large ponds. It is 15 miles S.W. of Boston, 5 S. by E. of 
 Uedham, and 18 N.W. of Taunton. Inc. 1797. Pop. 1517; 
 r. ps. 375; val. $1 82; s. m. ^1000. In this town is a man- 
 ufactory of bells of superior metal and sound ; a steel furnace, 
 2 forges, 2 rolling mills, a turning mill, and a factory of sheet 
 lead. Also, three cotton mills ; a woolen factory, calculated 
 to furnish 600,000 yards of cloth annually; three machin* 
 
NORFOLK COUNTY. 97 
 
 shops, and factories of satinet, thread, wick-yarn, cutlery, 
 and farming- utensils. This place has a good water power, 
 and is easily approached from the capital by the Boston and 
 Providence railroad. The viaduct or bridge on that road, at 
 this place, cost the company about ^80,000. It is of massive 
 hewn granite, 600 feet in length ; G3 feet above the founda- 
 tion, on 6 arches, with a succession of arches at top. It is an 
 admirable piece of workmanship. CI — O. A. Bronson, John 
 Turner, c ; 1 soc. h; 1 soc. m ; 1 v. soc. u. Phs — Jonathan 
 Stone, Phinehas M. Crane. Alt — Thomas Tolman. f m— . 
 Thomas J. Johnson. 
 
 Cohasset. 
 
 A town on Massachusetts bay, noted for its rocky coast and 
 numerous shipwrecks. 6 miles E. of Hingham, and about 16 
 S.E. of Boston, by water. Inc. 1770. Pop. 1227; r. ps. 
 511 ; val. 5 1 36; s. m. ^800. This place has about 40 sail 
 of merchant, coasting and fishing vessels, and a large tide- 
 water power. Considerable salt is made here. This town 
 has become a great resort for citizens and strangers, in sum- 
 mer months, to enjoy the marine scenery, exhilarating air, and 
 all those pleasures for which Nahanl is celebrated. CI — 
 Jacob Flint, Martin Moore, c ; 1 soc. m. Ph — E. Pratt. 
 J. P — James C. Doane, and others. Pm — Joel VVillcutt. 
 
 Dedham. 
 
 This town is very pleasantly situated on Charles river, with 
 a good water power. It is 10 miles S. W. of Boston, 35 E. of 
 Worcester, 35 N.W. of Plymouth, 26 N. by W. of Taunton, 
 30 N.E. of Providence, and 422 miles from Washington. It 
 is the chief town of the county, and has a beautiful Court- 
 House of hewn granite. Its Indian name was Tiot. A rail- 
 road from the centre of the town meets the Boston and Provi- 
 dence railroad, about two miles at the eastward. There are 
 in this town 3 cotton factories, a paper mill, a worsted factory, 
 and an establishment for making lead pipes and pumps. First 
 settled, 1635; inc. 1637; pop. 1820, 2,492— 1830, 3,117 ; r. ps. 
 802; val. ^4 65; s. m. ^2000. The celebrated orator and 
 statesman, Fisher Ames, was born April 9, 1758, and died, 
 in this town, July 4, 1808. The "Dedham Bank" has a 
 capital of ^150,000— Ebenezer Fisher, Cr. CZ— Alvan Lam- 
 son, Ebenezer Burgess, John White, H. G. Park, c ; Samuel 
 B. IJabcock, e ; Thomas Driver, b ; 1 soc. u ; 1 soc. m. Phs 
 — John Briggs, and Drs. Simpson, Spear, Howe and Thayer. 
 Atts — See Law-Register. Pms — Elijah Thayer ; West, Ab- 
 ner Ellis. 
 
98 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Dorchester. 
 
 On Dorchester bay in Boston harbor. The Mattapan of ihe 
 Indians. This ancient town was formerly very large. It is now 
 but about 6 by 3i miles, li is divided from Quincy and Milton 
 by Nejjonsel river. It has a good water power, and a great 
 variety of mannfacturf^s. Tlie first water mill in this country 
 was erected here in \6d3. The soil of this town is good, and 
 its surface delightfully variegated by hill and dale. No sec- 
 tion of our country, of its size, is better cultivated, and no 
 where is tiie union of wealth with rural felicity more complete. 
 Inc. IG30. Pop. 4,0G4 ; r. ps. 9+2 ; val. ,§5 Gl ; s. m. ^4000. 
 4 miles S. by E. of Boston, and 6 N. E. of Dedham. The 
 " Dorchester and Milton Bank" has a capital of glOO,000— 
 Moses Whitney, Pt.; H. Temple, Cr. Cl—T. JM. Harris, 
 Nathaniel Hall, John Codman, Francis Cunningham, David 
 SanfordjC; 1 soc. ni ; Isoc.u. I-'hs — Robert Thaxter, Sam- 
 uel MuUiken. /*m — Robert Vose. 
 
 Dover. 
 
 Taken from Dedham, 1784. Pop. 497; r. ps. 140 ; val. 
 73 cts.; s. m. J^450. It borders on Charles river. 5 miles 
 W. of Dedham, 4 N. of Medfield, and 14 S.S.W. of Boston. 
 Granite. Manufacture of iron. Pine Hill, in this town and 
 Medfield, is 400 feet above Charles river. CI — Ralph San- 
 ger, c. J. P — Hezekiah Allen, Calvin Richards. I'm — John 
 Williams. 
 
 Foxborough. 
 
 Watered by branches of Taunton river. 18 miles E.N.E. 
 of Providence, 13 8. of Dedham, and 24 S.S.W. of Boston. 
 Taken from Dorchester in 1778. Pop. 1099 ; r. ps. 267; val. 
 97 cts.; s. m. ^600. Large quantities of cotton and straw are 
 manufactured in this town. CI — Willard Pierce, c ; T. C. 
 Tingley, b ; 1. soc. m ; 1 soc. u. Phs — Wni. Payson, G. M. 
 Peck. Pms — J. Cowell ; Foxborougli Centre, T. M. George. 
 
 Franklin. 
 
 Taken from Wrentham, 1778. Pop. 16G2 ; r. ps. 382 ; val. 
 ^1 81 ; s. m. ^800. Bounde<l by Charles river. 27 miles S. 
 W. by S. of Boston, 17 S.S.W. of Dedham, and 18 N. of 
 Providence. This town and its neighborhood is celebrated 
 for the manufacture of straw bonnets. The Tuscany straw is 
 used more than the rye. It is worked chiefly by girls, with 
 the aid of the loom. About ^75,000 worth of this article is 
 annually manufactured in this town. Good water power. 
 Manufactures of cotton. CI — Nathaniel Emmons (aged aboi)t 
 
NORFOLK COUNTY. 9D 
 
 85,) Elam Smalley, c ; 1 soc. u. Phs — Nathaniel Miller, Dr. 
 Metcalf. J. P — Lewis Fisher, Joseph Bacon, and others. 
 Pm — Thomas S. Maun ; Centre, Davis Thayer. 
 
 Mcdfield. 
 
 Watered by Charles and Stop rivers. 8 miles S. by \V. of 
 Dedham, 17 S.S.W. of Boston, t5 N. by W. of Providence, 
 and 30 N.W. of Worcester. Pop. 817; r. ps. 108; val. 98 
 cts.; s. m. ^:250. Inc. 1651. Granite. CI — James A. Ken- 
 dall, Walter H. Bidweil, c ; 1 v. soc. b. Phs — James Hew- 
 ins, Jonathan P. Bishop. Atl — Daniel Adams. Pm — Chas. 
 Onion. Large quantities of boots, shoes and straw, are man- 
 ufactured here. Large meadows, and good peat. 
 
 Medway. 
 
 Taken from Medficld, 1713. Pop. 17CG ; r. ps. 446; val. 
 $\ 91 ; s. m. glOOO. It is 2 miles S.W. of Boston, 12 S.W. 
 of Dedham, and 12 S.E. of Hopkinton Springs. On Charles 
 river, in this town, are manufactories of cotton and woolen, 
 cloth, and a bell foundry. Large quantities of straw are manu- 
 faciured here. CI — Luther Bailey, Jacob Ide, c ; Mr. Monroe 
 and 1 V. soc. b ; 1 v. soc. u. Ph — Artemas Browrv. Pins — 
 James Wilson ; East, Nathan Jones. 
 
 Milton. 
 
 The Indian Uncataqnisseli. On Neponset river, 7 miles S. 
 of Boston, and 6 E. of Dedham. Inc. 1662. Pop. 1565 ; r. 
 ps. 398; val. ,52 31. "Milton Hill," near the head of the 
 tide-waters of the Neponset ; and Blue Hill, about 4 miles S. 
 of it, affords a rich repast to the lovers of fine scenery. The 
 latter is 710 feet above the level of the sea, and is a noted 
 landmark for sailors. Here are large manufactories of cotton, 
 paper, &c. CI — Samuel Gile, Benjamin Huntoon, c ; 1 soc. 
 m; 1 V. soc. u. Phs — ."Vmos Holbrook, George B. Swift, 
 Jonathan Ware. Alt — Asaph Churchill. Pm — Nathan C. 
 Martin. 
 
 Needham. 
 
 This town is nearly surrounded by Charles river. The 
 Boston and Worcester railroad passes near its centre. Here 
 aie some manufactures of paper and iron. Incorporated, 
 1711. Pop. 1420; r. ps. 344; val. ^1 46. 12 miles W.S. 
 W. of Boston, 4 N. W. of Dedham, and 30 N. of Worcester. 
 CI — William Ritchie, J. W. Sessions, c ; Charles Miller, b ; 
 1 soc. m. Ph — Josiah Noyes. Pms — Rufus Mills ; West, 
 Wm. F. Flagg. 
 
100 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Quincy. 
 
 This town lies on Quincy or Braintree bay, in Boston har- 
 bor, and on the S.E. side of Neponset river. It was taken 
 from Braintree in 1792. Pop. 2192 ; r. ps. 6(^4; val. ^2 77 ; 
 s. m. 52000. It lies 8 miles S. of Boston, 10 E. of Dedham, 
 and 6 VV.N.W. of Hingiiam. 'i'his place is noted as the birth- 
 place and residence of two presidents of the United States. 
 John Adorns was born October 19th, 1735, and died July 4th, 
 1826. Jolm Quincij Adams was born July 1 1th, 1767. Quin- 
 cy Point, in this town, 2 miles E. of the Granite Church, at 
 the junction of Weymouth Fore and Town rivers, with deep 
 water and a bold shore, is an admirable site for ship-building 
 and fishing establishments. Some navigation is owned in this 
 town. Large quantities of boots and shoes are manufactured 
 here, and some salt. The pleasantness of this town, its prox- 
 imity to the city and pood schools induce many families to 
 make it their residence. The Quincy railroad extends from 
 the tide-waters of the Neponset to the sienite or granite quar- 
 ry. — See Columbian Traveller, fyc. p. 24. CI — Peter Whit- 
 ney, William P. Lunt, Wm. M. Cornell, c; Daniel Leach, e j 
 1 V. soc. u. Phs — William B. Duggan, Ebenezer Wood- 
 ward, Aaron Stetson. Alt — John 31. Gourgas, Jr. Pni^-' 
 Daniel French. 
 
 Kandolph. 
 
 Taken from Brainfree in 1793. Pop. 2200 ; r. ps. 591 ; val. 
 S2 38; s. m. ,^1140. It is 14 miles S. of Boston, 12 S.E. of 
 Dedham, and 7 S.S.W. of Braintree landing. This is a 
 pleasant town, on elevated ground, and gives rise to the Man- 
 aticut river. It is noted for its manufacture of boots and 
 shoes ; of which, it is estimated the annual amount exceeds 
 ^700,000. C/— Calvin Hitchcock, David Brlgham, c ; J. Col- 
 by, b ; 1 soc. m ; I soc. u. Phs — Jonathan Wales, Ebenezer 
 Alden, Ephraim Wales, B. L. Wales. Alls — Aaron Prescott, 
 John King. Pins' — David Jacobs ; East, Simeon White. 
 
 Roxbury. 
 
 This town is joined to Boston by a neck of land, over which 
 are broad and pleasant avenues. Between the centre of each 
 town is about 3 miles. It is rocky and uneven, with a strong 
 soil in a very liiyli stale of cultivation. It displays a great 
 degree of agricultural taste and skill, and abounds in country 
 seats and pleasure grounds. That part of this town bordering 
 on Jamaica Pond, 4 ms. S.W. of Boston, is exceedingly pleas- 
 ant. This town and Boston were incorporated the same year, 
 (1630) 5 and nothing bot municipal reguiatiofts divide their in- 
 
NORFOLK COUNTY. 101 
 
 terests and feelings. Pop. 5240 ; r. ps. 1478 ; val. g8 89 ; s. m. 
 gooOO. The " Norfolk Bank" has a cap. of ,^'200,000— John 
 Lemist, Pt.; W. WhitinsT, Cr. The " People's Bank" has a 
 capital of 5100,000— S. J. Gardner, Pt.; John M. Goodwin, 
 Cr. The first hourly coach from Boston commenced running 
 to this town in 1827. There are now 12 omnibuses continually 
 running between the two places, and not less than 250,000 per- 
 sons pass annually. Since that time, others of a similar kind 
 have been established to Charlestown, Cambridge, Dorches- 
 ter, &c. and tend greatly to promote the public convenience. 
 CI — Thos. Gray, Geo. Putnam, Geo. Whitney, and 1 v. soe. 
 c ; W. Leverett, b ; M. A. De Wolf Howe, e ; H. Ballou, 2d, 
 Isaac Brown, u. (John Elliot, the celebrated ■' Apostle of the 
 Indians," was settled here Nov. 5, IC32 ; he died. May 29, 1690. 
 Phs — John Bartlett, Henry Bartlett, Abijah Draper, P. G. 
 Robbins. L. M. Harris, N. S. Prentiss, C. M. Winship, Phine- 
 has P. Wells. (Dr. Joseph Warren was born here in 1741. 
 He died on Bunker Hill, 17lh June, 1775.) Atts — See Law - 
 Register. Pins — E. G. Lemon ; \Vesi, Paul Draper. 
 
 Sharon. 
 
 Inc. 1765. Pop. 1024; r. ps. 255; val. %\20; s. m, 
 S530. 18 miles S.S.W. of Boston, 8 S. of Dedham, 17 N. by 
 W. of Taunton, and 24 N. by E. of Providence. A branch of 
 Neponset river rises here. Considerable manufactures. The 
 Indian Mashapoag ; a good pond. The Boston and Provi- 
 dence railroad passes through this town. CI — Caleb Green, 
 b ; 2 v. socs. c. PA— Daniel Stone. J. P — B. Reynolds, E. 
 Hevvins, T. Drake. Pms — J. Cobb ; Centre, B. Reynolds. 
 
 Stoughton. 
 
 The Indian Purtkapog. Inc. 1736. Pop. 1591 ; r. ps. 457 ; 
 val. gl 65; s. m. ,?1000. 20 miles S. of Boston, and lOS. by 
 E. of Dedham. A large quantity of gun-powder was made 
 here during the revolutionary war, " from saltpetre, the pro- 
 duce of the towns in its vicinity." At the rise of Neponset 
 river. CI — Colvin Park, c ; Apollos Hale, m; Isaac Smith, 
 b ; M. B. Ballou, u. J. P — Robert Swan, Jesse Pierce, and 
 others. Pms — Lemuel Gay ; East, Darius Littlefield. 
 
 Walpole. 
 
 Three branches of Neponset river meet in this town. 
 It has 6 cotton mills, 2 woolen factories, a paper mill, 2 
 large hoe factories, and a furnace. Great quantities of straw 
 are manufactured here. Limestone. Taken from Dedham, 
 1724. Pop. 1442; r. ps. 357; val. ^1 53; s. m. pOO. 20 
 miles S.W. of Boston, 10 S.W. of Dedham, and 21 N. by W. 
 13 
 
102 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 of Providence. CI — J. P. B. Storer, Asahel Bigelow, c ; 1 
 soc. m. Ph — Ebenezer Stone. J. P — Truman Clark, Har- 
 vey Clapp, &-C. Pms — Harvey Clapp ; East, David Morse. 
 
 Weymouth. 
 
 ThQWessa^usset oi \.\\& Indians. Mr. Thos. Weston attempt- 
 ed a settlement here as early as 1622. It was permanently set- 
 tled in 16'24, and is the oldest settlement in the commonwealth, 
 except Plymouth. It lies on Fore and Back rivers, in Boston 
 harbor. Weymouth landing, on Fore river, is II miles S. by 
 E. of Boston," 14 S.E. of Dedham, 24 N.N.W. of Plymouth, 
 9 S.S.W. of Boston Light-house, and 5 miles W. ofHingham. 
 Pop. 2839 ; r. ps. 781 ; val. 52 91 ; s. m. ^IGOO. Inc. 1G33. 
 This place has about 800 tons of shipping, and imports annu- 
 ally large quantities of flour, grain and lumber. The annual 
 amount of boots and shoes made in this town is estimated at 
 ^§[500,000. The " Union Bank " of Weymouth and Braintree 
 IS situated here — capital ^\QQS)QQ — Benjamin King, Pt.; 
 Thomas R. Hanson, Cr. Also the W. and B. Mutual Fire 
 Insurance Company — Asa Webb, Pt.; F. A. Kingsbury, Sec. 
 Packets ply between this place and Boston almost daily. 
 Weymouth Great Hill, is 134 feet above the sea. CI — 
 John C. Phillips, Iv. soc. c; L. Bales, m. Phs — Noah Fi- 
 field, Timothy Gordon, Apnleton Howe. (The venerable 
 Cotton Tufts, M.D., M.M.S.S., A.A.S., practised here many 
 years. He died Dec. 8, 1813, aged 84.) Alts—C. Webb, F. 
 A. Kingsbury. Pms — James Wiiitlemore ; East, Lovell Bick- 
 uell 5 iioulh, Joseph Loud, Jr. 
 
 ■\Vrenthain. 
 
 The Wallomapogfre of the Indians. Taken from Dedham in 
 1673. Pop. 2767 ; r. ps. 621 ; val. ^2 74 ; s. m. ^1500. On 
 several small streams issuing from a large pond, are 3 cotton 
 mills and factories of woolen cloth and thread. Considerable 
 straw is manufactured here. Anthracite coal. " Wrentham 
 Bank" has a capital of 5100,000— David Fisher, Pt. 27 
 miles S. by W. of Boston, 13 S. by W. of Dedham, and 4 S. 
 E. of Franklin. C/— Elisha Fisk, Moses Thacher, and 1 v. 
 soc. c; John White, b; J. C. Newell, u. Ph — Samuel Bug- 
 bee. Alts— i. 3. Fisk, D. W. Fisk, M. Everett. Pm^— David 
 Fisher; A^oW/i, Ebenezer Blake; 5oi^</i, Samuel Druce; Wesl^ 
 Charles Ray. 
 
PLYMOUTH COUNTY. 
 
 The soil of Ihis most ancient county in New-England, is 
 not so productive as that of many otiiers in Massachusetts ; 
 yet there is considerable good land within its limits. It has a 
 great water-power, which is more particularly applied to the 
 manufacture of iron ware, of all sorts, both wrought and cast. 
 It has an abundant supply of iron ore, of a superior quality. 
 This county has a sea coast on Massachusetts bay, of between 
 30 and 40 miles, and many ships are built in its numerous ports 
 of native white oak. This county has considerable foreign 
 commerce ; but its shipping is principally engaged in the fish- 
 ing business and coasting trade. It is bounded N.E. by Mas- 
 sachusetts bay. N. by Norfolk county, and Boston harbor, W. 
 and N.W. by Norfolk county, S.W. by Bristol county, and S. 
 E. by Buzzard's Bay and Barnstable county. Area, about 
 600 "square miles. Central lat. 42° N.; Ion. 70° 42' W. 
 This county was incorporated in 1685. Pop. 1820, 38,136; 
 1830,42,993; r. ps. 10,466; val. ,^2 60. The North river, 
 emptying into Massachusetts bay, and numerous branches of 
 the Taunton, are its chief rivers. 21 towns ; 72 inhabitants 
 to a square mile. 
 
 AMngton. 
 
 The Indian Manamooskea^in. This town was inc. 1712. 
 Pop. 242r3; r. ps. 680; val.'^g2 26; s. m. ^XmO. 19 miles 
 S.S.E. of Boston, 22 N.W. by N. of Plymouth, 8 S. of Wey- 
 mouth landing, and 18 N.N.E. of Taunton. This town is on 
 the high land between ^Massachusetts and Narragansett bays. 
 Three rivers rise here, two of which empty into the Taunton, 
 the other into the North. The amount of shoes manufactured 
 hero is estimated at 5500,000, annually. Very extensive 
 tack factories. CI — James W. Ward, David Thomas, Lu- 
 cius Alden, c ; 1 v. soc. b ; 1 soc. New-Jerusalem church ; I 
 soc. m. Phs — Gridley Thaxter, John S. Champney, and 
 David Torrey. Atts — Jared Whitman, Benjamin Hobart. 
 Fms — ElishaHobart; East, Godard Reed. 
 
104 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Bridgewater. 
 
 This ancient township was formerly very large. Its Indian 
 name was Nanketest. It contains some of the best land in the 
 county. Inc. 1656. In 1790, before its division, it contained 
 9754 inhabitants. Pop. 1855 ; r. ps. 440; val. ^1 90 ; s. m. 
 ^1000. It lies 27 miles S. by E. of Boston, 20 S.S.W. of 
 Plymouth, and 17 S. of Weymouth landing. It is well watered 
 by Taunton river. Iron ore. Large factories of anchors, 
 nails, machinery, cotton gins, boots and shoes. CI — E. Gay, 
 J. P. Daggett, 1 V. soc. c ; M. Monroe, e; 2 socs. m ; Mr. 
 Worcester, New-Jerusalem church. Phs — Samuel Alden, 
 Hector Orr. Ail — Wm. Latham, /"to— Mitcliell Keith. 
 
 Carver. 
 
 Set off from Plymouth, 1790. Pop. 970; r. ps. 254; val. 
 92 cts.; s. m. ^^SOO. 38 miles S.E. of Boston, and 8 S.W. by 
 S. of Plymouth. Iron ore. Some iron works. CI — Plum- 
 mer Chase, c ; 1 v. soc. b ; 1 soc. m. J. F— Nehemiah 
 Cobb, Benjamin Ellis, Samuel Shaw, and others. Pm — 
 Jesse Murdock, Jr.; North, Plummer Chase. 
 
 Duxbary. 
 
 On Massachusetts bay, in Plymouth harbor. Pop. 2705 ; 
 r. ps. 622; val. §2 53; s. m. ,«;i.50O. Inc. 1637. It lies 29 
 miles S.E. of Boston, and 6 N. of Plymouth. Marl. A num- 
 ber of vessels belong to this town, engaged in the coast- 
 ing trade and fishery. " Duxburv Bank " has a capital 
 of S 100 ,000— Ezra Weston, Pt.; 'James Foster, Cr. The 
 •" The Duxbury Ins. Company" has a capital of §75,000— 
 Ezra Weston, Pt. CI — Josiah Moore, c ; 1 soc. u ; 2 socs. 
 m. J. P — Seth Sprague, J. Alden, E. Weston, and others. 
 Ph — E. H. Bartlett. Commissioner of Wrecks — Samuel A. 
 Frazer. P;;i— ^Seth Sprague, Jr. 
 
 East-Bridgewater. 
 
 This was a part of Bridgewater until 1823. Pop. 1653; r. 
 ps. 409 ; val. g\ 52 ; s. m. glOOO. On a branch of Taunton 
 river. A good water power. It lies 13 miles S. of Wey- 
 mouth landing, 17 S.W. of Plymouth, and 24 S. byE. of Bos- 
 ton. 1 cotton, 2 nail and tack, and 1 window frame and 
 blind, factories; 2 furnaces, 1 forge and a rolling mill. Iron 
 ore. Considerable many boots and shoes are made in this 
 town. CI — E. P. Crafts, B. Sanford, c; 1 soc. u; A. How- 
 ard, New-Jerusalem church. Atts — A. Hobart, B. Brown, 
 W, Youns. Pm— S. L. Mitchell. 
 
PLYMOUTH COUNTY. 105 
 
 Halifax. 
 
 This town was inc. 1734. Pop. 723 ; r. ps. 195 ; val. 70 cts. 
 s. m. $3o0. 28 miles S.S.E. of Boston, 12 W. by S. of Ply- 
 mouth, and 17 S. by E. of Weymouth landing. The ponds 
 in tiiis town cover 1700 acres. Within the town are 5 saw 
 mills, 3 grisi mills, 4 shingle inills, 1 furnace ; 1 cotton and 
 1 woolen manufactory. 300 yards of satinet, and 200 lbs. of 
 cotton twist, are made daily. Considerable lumber is ob- 
 tained here. The Indian Monponset. CI — E. G. Howe, c ; 
 
 1 soc. m ; 1 soc. u ; 1 soc. b. Fh — Cyrus Morton. J. /*— 
 Obadiah Lion, D. C. Thompson. Pm — Henry Pope. 
 
 Hanover. 
 
 Bounded S. by North river and Pembroke. 8 miles E. of 
 Abington, 12 N.W. by N. of Plymouth, and 23 S.E. of Bos- 
 ton. Inc. 1727. Pop. 1300; r. ps. 219; val. $\ 26. Here 
 are 3 anchor factories, and 3 forges. CI — Abel G. Duncan, 
 c ; i\Ir. Appleton e ; 1 v. soc. b ; 1 soc. m. Ph — Jonathan 
 Studley. Fm — Robert Eells. 
 
 Hanson. 
 
 On a branch of the Taunton, and at the head of North riv- 
 er. 24 miles S.S.E. of Boston, 13 N.W. of Plymouth, and 
 15 S.E. of Weymouth landing. 1 cotton and 3 nail factories ; 
 
 2 anchor shops, and a foundry. Considerable quantities of 
 shoes are made in this place. This town was taken from 
 Pembroke in ];i20. Pop. 1030; r. ps. 237; val 94 cts.; s. m. 
 
 f450. CI — Freeman P. Howland,c; Elmer Hewitt, u ; J. 
 ;elley, b. Phs—V,. Barker and Dr. Pratt. /. f_Caleb 
 Cashing, Thomas Hcbart, J. B. Barker. Fm — N. Collamore. 
 
 Herring Pond Indians. 
 
 These Indians (mostly mixed) amount in number to about 75. 
 They own 3,500 acres of land, situated around large ponds in 
 the town of Plymouth, about 6 miles W. of Sandwich. Their 
 manners of life are much the same as the j\!arshpee tribe, and 
 are under the same superintendent of the state. See Marshpee. 
 
 Hingham. 
 
 A pleasant town on Boston harbor, and an agreeable resort 
 for citizens and strangers. It lies 11 miles N.E. of Boston, by 
 water, and 14 by land. Hingham Cove is 3 miles S.W. of 
 Nantasket beach, about G W. of Cohasset harbor, and 24 N. 
 N.W. of Plymouth. First settled, 1633; inc. 1635; pop. 
 3,357 ; r. ps. 879 ; val. g3 60 ; s. m. S2500. Benjamin Lin- 
 coln was born in this town, January 23, 1733 ; he died 3Iay 9. 
 13* ' 
 
106 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 1810. About 80 sail of vessels belong to this place, which 
 are engaged in the mackerel fishery and coasting trade ; — ag- 
 gregate tonnage, about 6000 tons. In this town is an iron 
 foundry, considerable ship building, a steam bucket factory, 
 and large quantities of other wooden wares are manufactured, 
 and some salt. Derby Academy, a free school, and the Wil- 
 lard Private Academy, are highly respectable seminaries, and 
 promise great privileges to parents. The " Hingham Bank" 
 has a capital of ^100,000— Ebenezer Gay, Pt.; J. O. Lovett, 
 Cr. There is in this town a " Mutual Insurance Company"— 
 Jotham Lincoln, Pt.; David Harding, Sec'y; and an Institu- 
 tion for Savings. A commodious steamboat plies between 
 this and Boston, in summer months, two or three times a day. 
 The hotels are large, and furnish excellent accommodations. 
 An excursion to Hinghani is very pleasant. CI — Joseph 
 Richardson, W. Burton, Charles Brooks, c ; A. A. Folsom, 
 u ; 1 soc. b; 1 soc. m. Phs—R. T. P. Fiske, W. Gordon, 
 Daniel Shute. Atfs — Ebenezer Gay, S. Lincoln. Inspector 
 of the Customs — Jedediah Lincoln. Pms— Thomas Loud ; 
 South, Quincy Lane. 
 
 Hull. 
 
 First settled about the year 1G25; inc. 1644; pop. 193; r. 
 ps. 46 ; val. 29 cents. This town comprises the peninsula of 
 Nantasket, wh.ich forms the southeast side of Boston harbor. 
 It extends N. by W. from Cohasset, 5 miles-, and is celebrated 
 for its beautiful beach, 4 miles in length, and for its shell fish 
 and sea fowl. The town lies between two hills of fine land, 
 near Point Alderton, opposite Boston light-house. It lies 9 
 miles E.S.E. of Boston, by water, and 22 by lai'.d, via Hing^- 
 ham. On one of the hills in this place is a well 90 feet m 
 depth. It is frequently almost full of water. CI — T. G. 
 Smith, m. J. F — Samuel Loring, Jr. 
 
 Kin|:ston. 
 
 Inc. 1726 ; pop. 1322 ; r. ps. 343 ; val. gl 51 ; s. m. gSOO. 
 In Plymouth harbor, on Massachusetts Bay — 2 miles south of 
 Duxbury, 4 N.W. by N. of Plymouth, and 31 S.E. of Boston. 
 This town has some navigation, and considerable manufac- 
 tures of cotton and iron. From Monk's Hill a fine prospect is 
 presented CI — Jonathan Cole and 1 v. soc. c ; 1 soc. m ; 1 
 soc. b. P/i5— Paul L. Nichols. Albert Williams. Atts — 
 Thomas P. Beal, Joseph Sampson. Pm — Rufus B. Bradford. 
 
PLYMOUTH COUNTY. 107 
 
 Marshfield. 
 
 A pleasant town on Massachusetts Bay, well watered by 
 North and South rivers. It lies 13 miles N. of Plymouth, and 
 25 S.E. of Boston. This town has some coasting vessels, 2 
 cotton factories, and some ship building. Inc. 1G40; pop. 1563; 
 r. ps.398 ; vai. ^1 87 ; s. m. S800. C/— Martin Parris, and 1 v. 
 soc. c ; J. M. Bartlett, e ; Silas Ripley, b ; 1 soc. friends ; 1 
 soc. m. Phs — Charles Macomber, Isaac Pierce, Benjamin 
 Billings. J. P — John Ford, Jr., Joseph Clift, George Leon- 
 ard, and others. Pms — Proctor Bourne; North, Daniel 
 Phillips. 
 
 Middle1)orough . 
 
 This is the Indian Namasket ; formerly thickly populated by 
 people of that tribe, and governed by the noted Sachem Tis- 
 pacan. On the rocks, in this town, are the prints of naked 
 hands and feet, supposed to be the work of the Indians. Here 
 are numerous ponds, several kinds of iish, and large quanti- 
 ties of iron ore is found in the ponds. These ponds, of which 
 the Assaivamset and Long' pond are the largest, empty into 
 Taunton river, and produce an extensive water power. It 
 has 2 cotton mills, 2 large shovel factories, 2 forges, 2 fur- 
 naces, a tack factory, and 5 trip-hammers. This town is 
 15 miles in length and about 9 miles average width. It lies 
 34 miles S. by E. of Boston, 14 W.S.VV. of Plymouth, and 
 10 S.E. of Taunton. Inc. 1660; pop. 5008 ; r. ps. 1311 ; val. 
 v*?4 72. Some indications of antliracite coal. Granite. CI— 
 Philip Colby and 2 v. socs. c ; Ebenezer Briggs, Harvey 
 Fittz, Mr. Messenger, and 2 v. socs. b ; 1 soc. m. Phs — Jo- 
 seph Clark, A. Thompson, John Perkins, George Slurtevant, 
 Thomas Sturtevant, George Snow, L.W. Briggs, M. Robinson. 
 Atts — Wilkes Wood. Z. Eddy, Isaac Stevens. Pms — Levi 
 Peirce; A^ocZ/i, Philip Colby ; PFesi, Elias Sampson ; East, 
 Andrew P, Cobb. 
 
 North-Bridgewater. 
 
 This town was apart of Bridgewater until 1821. Pop. 1953; 
 r. ps. 463; val gl 64; s. m. ^1000. It lies 20 miles S. of 
 Boston, 24 N.W. of Plymouth, and 10 S.S.W. of Weymouth 
 Landing. It is well watered by Salisbury river and some 
 smaller streams, which empty into the Taunton. In this town 
 are one cotton mil! and two large cabinet factories. Iron ore. 
 Many boots and shoes are manufactured here. CI — 2 v. socs. 
 c ; 1 soc. m ; 1 N. J. C; and 1 soc. u. Phs — Nathan Perry, 
 A. K. Borden. Aii—E. Whitman. Pnw— N. H. Cross; 
 North West, George Clark. 
 
108 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Pembroke. 
 
 On the North river— 27 miles S.E. of Boston, 12 N N.W. 
 of Plymouth, and 9 S.W. by W. of Sciluate harbor. In this 
 town are 1 cotton factory, 4 shingle mills, and a furnace. 
 Considerable quantities of bricks arc made herefrom excellent 
 clay. Many hue sl)i])s, of large size, are built here of native 
 white oak. The North river is vfry deep and narrow, and so 
 exceediiigl}' crooked, that it is 18 miles to Scili'.ate harbor, by 
 ■water. 'J'aken from Duxburv, 1711 ; pop. 1.324; r. ps. 456; 
 val. gl 3G ; s. m. «,'I000. tV— Morrel Allen, c ; E. C. Scott, 
 m; 1 soc. of friends. Phs — A. Collamore, G. Hitchcock. 
 Alt — K. Whitman. Pm — A. Collamore. 
 
 Plymouth. 
 
 County town. Inc. 1620; pop. lf!20, 4,3C-1 — ISSO. 4,751 ; 
 r. ps. 1093; val. $5 36 ; s. m. ^3,500. A port of entry, on 
 Massachusetts Bay— 35 miles S.E. by S. of Bosto -, .30 N.W. 
 of Barnstable, 25 E. by N. of Taunton, and 439 miles from 
 Washington. The harbor is spacious, but not of sufKcient 
 depth for tlie Jarge'-t vessels. A large nimibor of vessels be- 
 long here, most of which are engaged in the fisher3-and coast- 
 ing trade. Tonnage of the district, 17,670 tons. Some small 
 streams passing through this town aflbrtl a good water povver 
 for manufactories of cotton, iron, ifec. The " Old Colony 
 Bank" has a capital of ,^100 000— Jacob Covington, F't.; Ebe- 
 nczer G. Parker, Cr. The "' Plymouth Bank" has a capital of 
 5100,000— Barnabas Hedge, Pi.; Nathaniel Goodwin, Cr. 
 The " Marine Insurance Company" has a capital of *jlOO,000 
 — Barnabas Hedge, Pt. This place is very pleasant and full 
 of interest, it being the oldest settlement by Europeans iu 
 New-England, and the landing place of our forefathers on the 
 22d of December, 1620. Its Indian name was FdtiixH. (See 
 Thaclier's History of Pl^-nioutli ; and Webster's oration, de- 
 livered at this place, December 22, 1R20.) CI — .Tames Ken- 
 dall, G. Conant, W . L. Clarke. Thomas Eoulplle, Benjamin 
 Whittemore, c ; Thos. Conant and 1 v. soc. b ; Albert Case, u. 
 Phs — James Thacher, Winslow Warren, Nathan Hayward, 
 Henry N. Preston. AUs — See Laui-RecristPr. Collector — 
 Schuyler Sampson. Pm — B. Russell ; Eel River, I. Russell. 
 
 Plympton. 
 
 This town is watered by a branch of Taunton river. It lies 
 10 miles E. by S. of Bridgewnter. 8 W. of Plymouth, and 32 
 S.E. by S. of Boston. Pop. 920 ; r. ps. 231 ; val. 81 centsj 
 ». m. 3' 400 3 inc. 1707. Large manufactories of iron. CI' 
 
PLYMOUTH COUNTY. 109 
 
 Elijah Dexter, c ; 1 v. soc. u. J. P — Isaac Wright, Jonathan 
 Parker, Josiah T. Ellis, and others. Pms — William H. Soule j 
 North, Ebeiiezer Lobdell. 
 
 Rochester. 
 
 This town lies at the junction of Mattepoiset and Sipican 
 rivers with Buzzard's Bay. Inc. 1686; pop. 3,556; r. ps. 
 818 ; val. .§2 83. 9 miles E. by N. of New-Bedford, 18 S.S. 
 W. of Plymouth, and 48 S.S.E. of Boston. In this town 
 about 60 sail of merchant and coasting vessels are owned, 
 many vessels are built, and considerable salt made. CI — 
 Jonathan Bigelow, Lemuel Le Barron, Samuel Ulley, Mr. 
 Cobb, and 1 v. soc. c ; Eleazer Savage, b ; T. K. Taylor 
 and 1 V. soc.u; 2 socs. m. Phs — Ellis Foster, and Drs. 
 Southard, Haskell and King. Atts — A. and Charles J. 
 Holmes. Pms — Charles J. Holmes ; North, Asa Coombs. 
 
 Scitnate. 
 
 At the mouth of North river, on Massachusetts Bay. 20 
 miles N.W. by N. of Plymouth, and 17 S.E. by S. of Boston. 
 First settled, 1633; inc. 1637; pop. 3,470 ; r. ps. 798; val. 
 ^3 66 ; s. m. ^2,500. This town has some iron works, and is 
 noted for ship building. It has about 30 sail of fishing and 
 coasting vessels. Iron ore. CI — Edward Q. Sewall, and 2 
 v. socs. c ; R. L. Killham, u ; Edward Segrave, b ; 1 soc. m. 
 Phs — Elisha James. C. Otis, Francis Thomas, D. Bayley. 
 Ati — Ebenezer T. Fogg. Comviissioner of Wrecks — Paul 
 Merritt. P/ns—G. W. Young; North, S. P. Merritt; South, 
 John K. Nash ; West, Edward F. Jacobs. 
 
 Wareham. 
 
 Inc. 1739 ; pop. 1885 ; r. ps. 434 ; val. ^1 77 ; s. m. ;^600. 
 It lies 45 miles S.S.E. of Boston, 14 S. of Plymouth, and 20 
 S. b}' W. of Barnstable. This town is watered by two fine 
 streams which empty into Buzzard's and Buttermilk Bays, on 
 which are some important manufactories. " Wareham Bank" 
 has a capital of 5100,000— David Nye, Pt.j T. R. Miles, Cr. 
 C/— Samuel Nott, c. Ph — Peter Mackie. J«—Seth Miller, 
 Jr. Pms — David Nyej West, Barilett Murdock; East, 
 Thomas Savery. 
 
 West-Bridgewater. 
 
 The first settlement in Old Bridgewater was made in this 
 town, in 1651. It was incorporated by its present name in 
 
110 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 1822. Pop. 1042; r. ps. 240; val. j?!15; s. m. ^600. It 
 lies 25 miles S. by E. of Boston, 19 N.W. of Pl^moulh, and 
 9 N.N.E of Taunton. On a branch of Taunton river, which 
 waters the town, are 3 furnaces, a shovel, nail, tack, knife, 
 metalic pump, and other factories. CV — Richard Stone, c; 1 
 soc. b. Ph — Noah Whitman. Alts — William Baylies, Aus- 
 tin Packard, Ellis Ames. I'm — Branch Byram. 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY. 
 
 Incorporated, 1643; pop. in 1820,45,941—1830,62,162} 
 r. ps. 14,307; val. ^330 31. Boston aud Chelsea. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 The ancient City of Bostopj, the rapital of Massachusetts, 
 and of New-Eiif^land, and the birth place of American Free- 
 dom, is naturally divided into three sections — Old Boston, 
 South Bost07r, and East Bosloii, situated at the western ex- 
 tremity of Wassachusetts Bay. The peninbula on which old 
 Boston is built, extends from Roxbury, on the south, to Win- 
 nesimet Ycuy, on the north, and is nearly surrounded by the 
 waters of Boston harbor on the east, and Charles river on the 
 north and west. lis leng;th is nearly three miles, and its ave- 
 ra5;e breadth about one mile. It original!} contained about 
 700 acres, but its territory has been greatly extended by filling 
 up around its borders. Its surface is quite uneven. It has 
 numerous eminences rising from 50 lo 110 feet above the sea, 
 afibrding admirable sites for buildmg, and giving to it a pe- 
 culiarly romantic appearance. It is in north lat. 42° 21', and 
 v/esl Ion. 71° 4'. It lies 1(53 miles S.S.W. of Augusta, Me.; 
 (53 S S.E. of Concord, N H.; 160 S E. by S of Montpeher, 
 Vt.; 158 E (19' S.) of Albany. N.Y.; 40 N.N.E. of Providence, 
 R.I.; 97 E.N E. of Hartford, Ct.; 207 N.E. by E. of New- 
 York, and 432 miles N.E. by E. of Washington. The Indian 
 name of this place was Shaivmnt. It was called by the first 
 settlers Tramomd, Tremont, or Trimountain, from three hills 
 nearly in its centre. It took its present name on the 7th of 
 Sept. 1630, in honor of the Rev. John Cotton, second minister 
 of the first church, who came from Boston, iu England, a town 
 115 miles north of l<ondon. 
 
 South Boston. This part of Boston was set off from Dor- 
 chester, by legislative enactment, March the 6th, 1804. It is 
 bounded south by Dorchester Bay, and spreads about two 
 
112 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 miles on the south side of the harbor, above the forts. It 
 contains about 600 acres, and is laid out into regular streets 
 and squares. The surface of this part of Boston is exceed- 
 ingly picturesque. In about the centre of this tract, and 
 about two miles from theCiiy Hall, the memorable " Dorches- 
 ter Heights" rear their heads 130 feet above the sea, from 
 which is presented a splendid view of Boston, its harbor, and 
 the surrounding country. It is connected with old Boston by 
 two bridges. This part of Boston is rapidly increasing in 
 population and wealth. 
 
 East Boston. This section of the city, until recently, had 
 been called Noddle's Island. It lies about 660 yards N.E. 
 from old Boston, and about the same distance from Charles- 
 town. It is divided from Chelsea by Chelsea Creek, 600 feet 
 wide, over which is a bridge, and from which is an excellent 
 road to the Salem turnpike. This is a new and commodious 
 route from the city to Salem. The island contains about 660 
 acres of land, and a large body of flats. It was purchased by 
 a company of enterprizing gentlemen in 1832. They were 
 incorporated in March, 1833, and the first house was com- 
 menced in October of the same year. A steamboat ferry is 
 established between this place and old Boston, starling fr im 
 each side every five minutes. The time occupied in crossing 
 is about three minutes. A ferry is about being established 
 between this island and Charlestown. The surface of this 
 island is pleasingly variegated, and aftbrds delightful sites for 
 dwelling-houses and gardens at moderate prices. This place 
 is well located for manufactories of various kinds ; particular- 
 ly for ship building, and all those branches of mechanics con- 
 nected with navigation. Already the Boston Sugar Refinery, 
 the Boyden Maleable Iron and Steel, the Rlerchants' Marine 
 Railway, the East Boston Timber and Wharf, Companies, are 
 in successful operation, employing a capital of more than a 
 million dollars. 
 
 The Maveiick Hotel, a large and splendid building, occupy- 
 ing a commodious site, is now open for public accommodation. 
 This house is named in honor of Samuel Maverick, who 
 owned the island and resided there in 1630, and who is said 
 to have made " some figure in the history of after times — a 
 man of very loving and courteous behavior, and very ready 
 to entertain strangers." 
 
 Boston Harbor extends across Light House Channel and 
 Broad Sound, from Point Alderton on Nantasket, to Point 
 Shirley in Chelsea, a distance, between the islands, of about 
 4 miles. It is safe, and of ample capacity for the largest navy. 
 The most important part of this harbor is entered by a narrow 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 113 
 
 pass, between two and three miles below the city and Navy 
 Yard ; and is well protected by two powerful forts — Indepen- 
 dence and Warren. Boston harbor contains many islands of 
 great beauty, and is the reservoir of the Mystic, Charles, Ne- 
 poriset, Manaiicul and other rivers. Its borders are envi- 
 roned by the towns of Hull, Hingham, Weymouth, Braintree, 
 Quincy , Dorchester, Roxbury, Brookline, Cambridge, Charles- 
 town, and Chelsea ; and the numerous small bays, coves and 
 inlets, indenting their shores, give great variety, and add 
 much to the scenery of this delightful harbor. 
 
 Owing to the almost insular situation of Boston, and its limit- 
 ed extent, its population appears small. But it must be con- 
 sidered that the neighboring towns of Quincy, Dorchester, Mil- 
 ton, Ro.xbury, Brookline, Brighton, Watertown, Cambridge, 
 Charlestown, Medford, Maiden, and Chelsea, although not 
 included in (he city charter, are component parts of the city, 
 and are as much associated with it in all its commercial, man- 
 ufacturing, literary, and social relations and feelings, as Green- 
 wich, Manhattanville, and Harlem are with the city of New- 
 York ; or Southwark and the Northern Liberties with Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 The population of Boston, in 1700, was 7.000—1722, 10,567 
 — 17(35, 13,520—1790, 18.038—1800, 2-i,937— 1810, 33,250— 
 1820, 45,298—1830, 61,391. The population now is about 
 80.000. 
 
 City Officers. 
 
 Succession of Mmjors. John Phillips, from 1822 to 1823— 
 Josiah Quincy, from 1823 to 1829 — Harrison Gray Otis, from 
 1829 to 1832— Charles Wells, from 1832 to 1 834— Theodore 
 Lyman, Jr. from 1834. 
 
 Aldermen. Charles Leighton, Josiah Dunham, Nathan Gur- 
 ney, Samuel A. Eliot, Samuel Greele, John B. McCleary, Jo- 
 seph H. Hayward, Winslow Lewis. 
 
 Covinwn Council. Ward No. 1. Henry D. Gray, Robert 
 Keith, Isaac Harris, Caleb G. Loring. 
 
 No. 2. John W. James, Stephen W. Olney, Lewis Josse- 
 lyn, Thomas Hollis. 
 
 No. 3. John Snelling, Simon G. Shipley, William T. 
 Spear, George W. Smith. 
 
 No. 4. Moses Grant, George W, Gordon. Benajah Brig- 
 ham, Henry Lincoln. 
 
 No. 5. Calvin Washburn, Enoch Hobart, Abraham W. 
 Blanchard, John C. Park. 
 
 No. 6. Jesse Shaw, Jonathan Chapman, Stephen Titcomb, 
 Amos Wood. 
 
 No. 7. William T. Eustis, Josiah Quincy, Jr., James 
 Means, Horatio M. Willis. 
 14 
 
114 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 No. 8. Benjamin A. Gould, Zebsdee Cook, Jr., Daniel Lv 
 Gilibens, James Harris. 
 
 No. <J. Eliphaiei Williams, Edward Cnirt, Jr., Ebanczcr 
 Bailey, Horace Diipee. 
 
 No. 10. Israel Martin, Solomon Piper, Richard S. Fay, 
 Jedediaii Tulile. 
 
 No. II . Ruel Baker, Elias B. Thayer, Philip Marelt, John 
 Thompson. 
 
 No. 12. Thomas Hunting, William B. Dorr, John Green, 
 Jr., John n. Stebbins. 
 
 Cily CI'tIc, Samuel F. McCleary. 
 Clerk of the Common Coinicit, Richard Wail. 
 City Treasurer, Richard D Harris. 
 Cilij Marshal, Benjamin Pollard. 
 Dqmlij Marshals, Charles B. Wells, Hezckiah Earl. 
 Aiidiinr of Accounts, William Ilaydcn, ,lr. 
 Clerk of Funenil Hall Market, (!"aleb Hayward. 
 Superintendent of Streets, Zeplianiah Sampson. 
 Ctipl. of the IVjirh and Superint't of Lamps, Flavcl Case. 
 Citij Solicitor. John Pickering;. 
 Messenu^er, .lohnson Colbv. 
 Chief Engineer of the Fire Department, John Hammond, 
 (acting.) 
 
 Survnfors of Lumber. Stzrvetjor General, George W. Otis. 
 Deputy Snrretiors. Thomas Barry, Henry Blake, N^'arren 
 Bowker, Selh 'I'ha.xlpr, Rolun Hartshorn, Charles Hersey, 
 Jonathan Thaxter. Hiram Bosworth, A. G. Smith. Francis 
 Bnllard, William Willeit, Nathaniel Cotton, William Fisk. /or 
 Mahnorany. Sfc. Wjlliam (Jreen, Thomas Lamson, Jr., Gad 
 Leavitt ; .loseph D. ,'\nnable, /o/- Ship Timber. 
 
 Fence Vieicers. Nathaniel Bradlee, Romanus Emerson, Ro- 
 lun Hartshorn. Abel Hevvins. 
 
 Cullers of Dry Fish. Nathaniel Howe, Benjamin Clark, 
 Benjamin Liickis, Charles L. Pook. 
 
 Cullers of Hoops >j?fd Staves, Benjamin Clark, Nathaniel 
 Howe, Charles L. Pook, James Brown. 
 
 Inspectors of Lime, Francis James, Samuel Sprague. 
 Assay Master, l,euis A. Lnnriat. 
 
 Surveyors of Hemp, Samuel Emmons. Benjamin Rich. 
 Meisurers of Wood, William Shattuck. James Wilson, 
 Moses Hadley. John R. Bradford, William Fisk. 
 
 Assessors. Samuel Norwood, Henry Bass, Thomas Jackson. 
 luteruul Hea/t'i Commissioner, Benjamin Pollard. 
 Superiutendent of Burial Grounds, Samuel H. Hewes. 
 Resident Physician, (Rainsford Island,) Jerome V. C. 
 Sm'th. M.D. 
 
 Consulting Physicians, Drs. John C Warren, Benjamin 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY—BOSTON. 115 
 
 Shurdeff, George Hajward, John Randall, George C. Slial- 
 tuck. 
 
 Captain of the Qiiaro.nthie. Bca', George P. Trwkesbury. 
 
 Keeper of Rainsfurd Island Hospital, John Minot. 
 
 [nF" For United Siales Ofiirers, see Appendix. 
 
 Auctioneers. 
 
 William Andrews, Jamrs M. Allen &. Co., Thomas M. Baker, 
 Seth E. Benson, Stephen Brown, Samuel K. Bayley, El'as 
 Bean. Coolidge & Ha!^kell, J. L. (^uniiin£;linm, George L, 
 Deblois, Daniel Hersey, Edward F. Hall,"Jabez Haub. .Ir., 
 Nestor Hiiugliton &, Co., Thomas K. Jones, Tristram B. Mac- 
 kay, Loring Newconib, Otis Rich, Frink Siratton, John Ty- 
 ler, George P. Thomas, VVhitwcIl & Bond, Ferdinand E. 
 White, Prentiss Whimcy. Nathaniel H. Whiiaker. Silas Field, 
 Charles J. Hall, Abraham Lansing, Ebenezer N. Siratton, 
 Allred W. Upham, Benjamin Whislovv, H. & R. \\ illiams, 
 Richard Warren. 
 
 Instructers in the Public Schools. 
 
 Latin — Charles K. Dillaway, Master; Sebastian F. Sirecter, 
 i>iih-Masler ; Francis Gardner, Jr. and Henry W. Torrey, 
 Ustievs. 
 
 Engllsii High — Solomon P. Miles, Master : Thomas Sher- 
 win. Siih-Mustev ; Henry F. Harrington, Usher; Francis 
 ]M. J. Snrault, Inslrvcter in French; Jonathan Snellin"', 
 Instnicler in Wriliitg in the Latin and English High 
 Schools. 
 
 Eliot — David '&. T ower, Grammar Master ; Levi Conant, 
 Writinu; Jtlaster. 
 
 Hancock — Barnum Field, Grammar Master ; Peter Mackin- 
 tosh, Jr., Writing^ Cluster. 
 
 BIayhkw — Moses W. Walker, Grammar Master ; Aaron D. 
 (^apen, M'riliiiff Master. 
 
 Bowr)oiN — .Abraham Andrews, Grammar blaster; James 
 Robinson, Writing Master. 
 
 BoYLSTO.N — (^\y,\r\iis'Po\, Grammar Master ; Abel Uheelcr, 
 Writins: Master. 
 
 Adams — Samuel Barrett, Grammar Master; Josiah Fair- 
 brink, Writing Master. 
 
 Fraxki.in — Richard G. Parker, Grammar Master; Oils 
 i'ierce. Writing Master. 
 
 Wells — Cornelius Walker, Grammar Master ; Jolin P. La- 
 ihrop, IViiti/ig Master. 
 
 Hawks, South Boston — Joseph Harrington, Jr., Master. 
 
 Afhica-V — Abner Forbes, Master. 
 
116 
 
 -MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Physicians. 
 
 Adams Zabdiel B. 
 Adams Samuel 
 Adams Edwin 
 Brown John B. 
 Bigelow Jacob 
 Bradford William 
 Bartlett George 
 Bovvditch Henry I. 
 Channin^ Walter 
 Choate Charles 
 Coit Daniel T. 
 Cunningham Edward L. 
 Chickering Jesse 
 Clark H. G. 
 Doane George B. 
 Davis Edward G. 
 Davenport Edward I. 
 Dver Heiirv 
 Dwight W^W. 
 Ellis Calvin 
 Flagg Josiah F. 
 Flint" Joshua B. 
 Flint John 
 Fisher John D. 
 Foster William E. 
 Fales Joseph 1. 
 Gay Martin 
 Grigg William, 
 Gray Thomas, Jr. 
 Gould Augustus A, 
 Gale Levi B. 
 Gregerson James B. 
 Graj' Francis H. 
 Hayward George 
 Hale Enoch 
 Hildreth Charles T. 
 Hayden John C 
 Howard John C 
 Harwood Daniel 
 Hannaford William G. 
 Homans John 
 Jackson James 
 Jeffries John 
 Jackson Charles T. 
 
 Jackson B. S. 
 Keep Nathan C. 
 Kiltrcdge Josiah D. 
 Lewis Winslow 
 Lane Jonas H. 
 Lodge Giles 
 Morrill Samuel 
 McKean Joseph 
 Moriarty J. 
 Osgood Daniel 
 Otis George W. 
 Odin John, Jr. 
 Parkman George 
 Phelps Abner 
 Parsons Thomas W. 
 Prescott Benjamin T. 
 Perry .Marshall S. 
 Palmer Ezra 
 Putnam Charles G. 
 Randall John 
 Reynolds Edward 
 Robbins Chandler 
 Rol)y Joseph 
 Spooncr William 
 Siuirtlefl' Benjamin 
 Shatiuck George C. 
 Shurtletr Samuel A. 
 Strong Woodbridge 
 Smith Jerome V. C. 
 Storer D. Humphre.ys 
 Stevenson J. Greely 
 Sumner Frederick A. 
 Stebbins John B. 
 Seaton Ambrose 
 Stimpson Paul 
 Sargent Howard 
 Snow .Asa B. 
 ShurtlelT .Nathaniel B. 
 Townsend Solomon D. 
 Thomas Alexander 
 Thompson Thomas H. 
 Warren John C. 
 Ware John 
 Walker Charles 
 
SUFFOLK COUXTY— BOSTON. 117 
 
 Watsun Abraham A. VJnrA Henry A. 
 
 Warren Edward Wood James 
 
 Winsf Benjamin F. Wymau Ru.'us 
 Whitman Caleb S. 
 
 The following eminent physicians and surgeons have died 
 in this city within a few years. 
 
 Charles Jarvis. V.M.S.S., was born in Boston in 1748. Ho 
 died November 15, 1807. 
 
 James Llovd, JNi.D., was born at Long Island, N. Y. April, 
 1723. He died MnrrhJSlO. 
 
 John C. Hoicmd, M.D., was born at Boston in 1773. Ko 
 died Auo;iist H, ]P>10. 
 
 John Wan-en, JLI)., A..\ S., rt M.M.SS., was born lu Rox 
 hiirv. .July 27. 1753. He died April 4-, 1815. 
 
 Jnhji Jeffries. M.D., IVLiM.S.S.'. was born at Boston, Feb 
 5, 17.^4. He <lied September IR. 1819. 
 
 Thomas Kasl. iVt.IVI.S.S., born in Boston, August 12, 1750, 
 He died June 20, 1820. 
 
 Lem,iel Havward, M.D . M.M.S.S., was horn at Ernintree 
 March 11, 1749. He died .March 20, 1821. 
 
 Isaac Rand. ?J D , IM.HJ.S.S.. was born at Charlcstown 
 April 1^7, 1743; He died September 11 . 1822. 
 
 William Eiisiis, M.M.M.M.S.S., LL.D.. was born in Bos 
 ton, Juno 10, 17.53. He died Feb. 1S25. 
 
 Samuel Dajiforth, M.D., was born in Cambridge in 1740- 
 He died November 16, 1827. 
 
 Avenues. 
 
 The peninsular situation of Boston requires many artificial 
 avenues to and from the suriounding country. Until 1786 the 
 " Neck" between Boston and Ro.xhury, one mile and 1 17 feet 
 in leiipth, w,is the onl}' passage to it by land. On the 17th of 
 June of that year, the Charles River Bridg , leading from 
 Boston to Charlfsiovvii, was opened for travel. It was incor- 
 porated. March 9, 1785. This bridge is 1303 leet in length, 42 
 in breadth, and cost ,<'50.000 It cost the present proprietors 
 5300,000 Net revenue in 1834, §9,383. No original propri- 
 etor is now a stockholder. This bridge becomes state prop- 
 erty in 1856. 
 
 West Boston Bridge, learling lo Cambridge, was opened 
 on the 23d of November, 1793. It was incorporaled March 
 9, 1792. Length of the bridge, 2,738 feet — abutment and 
 causeway, 3,432— total length, fi,190 feet. Cost, g76,6(i7. 
 Net revenue in 1334, g 12,928. This bridge will become state 
 propert}' in 1879. 
 
 14* 
 
118 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 South Boston Bridge, leading from Boston Neck to Soctij 
 Boston, was incorporated March 6, 1804, and opened for 
 travel in July, 1805. Length, 1550 feet^ — width, 40. It cost 
 the proprietors about ^50,000. It is now city properly — free. 
 
 Canal Bridge, from Boston to Lechmere Point, in East 
 Cambridge, was incorporated Februar3' 27, 1807, and opened 
 for travel in August, 1809. Length, '2,796 feet— width, 40. 
 A lateral bridge extends from (his to Prison Point, Charles- 
 town. Length, 1,820 — width, 35 feet. Net receipts in \S3i, 
 §3,173. This bridge will become stale property in 1879. 
 
 The Western Avenue, leading from Beacon-street to Sew- 
 ell's Point, in Brookline, was incorporated June 14, 1814, and 
 commenced in 1818. It was opened for travel, July 2, 1821. 
 This avenue is a substantial dam across Charles river bay, 
 about a mile and a half in length, and from GO to 100 feet m 
 width. This dam encloses about 600 acres of flats over which 
 the tide formerly flowed from 7 to 10 feet. A partition dam 
 divides this enclosure, and forms, by the aid of flood and ebb 
 gates, a full and receiving basin ; thereby producing, at all 
 times, a great hydraulic power. The cross dam also forms 
 an excellent avenue from the main dam to Roxburv. Cost 
 about ^700,000. Net receipts in 18.34, g6,133. Thc"'[)roi)rie- 
 tors of this avenue claim a perpetual franchise. 
 
 Boston Free Bi-idoe, from Sea-street to South Boston. In- 
 corporated March 4, 1826 — completed, 1828. Length, 500 — 
 wiath, 38 feet. Built by proprietors of lands in the vicinity. 
 City property. 
 
 Warren Bridge, leading to CharIe>town. Length, 1,390 
 feet— width, 44. Incorporated Blarch, 12, 1828, and opened 
 on the December following. It is now slate property. 
 The net receipts of this bridge in 1834, was 516,427. 
 
 0= All the above avenues are lighted with lamps, when 
 necessary, and make a beautiful appearance. 
 
 Public Buildings. \ 
 
 A few of these only can be mentioned. 
 
 The Citij Hall, or " the old Stale House," on State and 
 Washington streets, now occupied by the city government. 
 Post-Otfice, Reading-Room, &c., is 110 feet in length, 38 in 
 breadth, and 3 stories high. Two buildings on this spot have 
 been destroyed by fire. The first was built in 1659, the 
 second in 1714, and the present in 1748. Until the erection 
 of the present State House, this building had ever been used 
 for governmental purposes, both Colonial and State. 
 
 Faneuil Hall, or the " Cradle of Liberty," in Dock Square, 
 is three stories high, 100 feet by 80, and was the gift of Peter 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 119 
 
 Faneuil, Esq. to the town in 1742. The building was enlarged in 
 1805, and until the new Market was built the lower part of it 
 was used for meat stalls. It is now improved for stores. The 
 Hall is 76 feet square, 28 feet high, and has deep galleries on 
 three sides. It is adorned with superb paintings of Patriots, 
 Warriors and Statesmen. The third story is improved for 
 armories. 
 
 Slate House. This building is on an open square, on Bea- 
 con street, fronting the malls and common. Its foundation is 
 110 feet above the level of the sea. It was commenced in 
 1795, and completed and occupied in 1798. Cost ^133,333, 
 Length, 173 feet, — breadth, 61. On the area of the lower 
 Hall stands the beautiful Statue of Washington, by Chantry. 
 From the top of the dome on this building, 52 feet in diameter, 
 and 230 feet above the level of the harbor, the whole city 
 appears beneath, with all its crooked streets, its e.xtended 
 avenues, its splendid buildings, and the malls and common, of 
 75 acres, crossed with romantic walks, and shaded by centu- 
 rian elms. On the north and west the County of Middlesex 
 presents its numerous villas, and a rich array of agricultural 
 taste and beauty. Here are viewed the liallowed halls of 
 Harvard, and the sacred field of Bunker. On the south the 
 County of Norfolk appears with its granite hills, and lu.xuriant 
 vales, chequered with a thousand farm houses, cottages, and 
 splendid mansions. On the east, the city, with its lofty spires, 
 the harbor, and the ocean, all conspire to render this the most 
 enchanting scene west of the Bay of Naples. 
 
 The Massachusetts Hospital is on an open plot of ground 
 of 4 acres, at the western part of the city, on the banks of 
 Charles River. It is 168 feet in length, and 54 in breadth. 
 Commenced in 1818, completed in 1821. This building is of 
 granite, and is a beautiful monument of taste and beneficence. 
 See Appendi.\. 
 
 Faneuil Hall Market. The Corner Stone of this superb 
 granite building was laid on the 27th of April 1825, and com- 
 pleted in 1827. Cost, gl50,000, exclusive of land. It extends 
 east of Faneuil Hall, on Dock Square, 536 feel, and is 50 feet 
 in width. The centre part of the building, 74 by 55, projects 
 two or three feet on the north and south, and rises 77 feet 
 from the ground, to a beautiful dome. The wings are 31 
 feet, and two stories high. The lower floor is exclusively 
 appropriated as a meat, fish and vegetable market. The 
 upper story is one vast Hall arranged to be divided into com- 
 partments for ware-rooms and large sales. On the sides of 
 this building are North Market street, 65, and South Market 
 street, 102 feet in width ; on each of which is a range of 
 spacious ware-houses, with granite fronts. On the east, across 
 Commercial street, is a commodious wharf, belonging to the 
 
120 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 city. The hall, in the centre of the building' is called Qaiiicij 
 Hull, in honor of Josiah Quiucj, L.L.D. the late iiidefatiija- 
 ble Mayor of the city. 
 
 Tremonl House. This noble Hotel, on Treinont and Bea- 
 con streets, was commenced on the 4th of July 1828, and 
 completed 16lh of October, 1829. Its iiranite front on Tre- 
 mont street, is ICO feet, and 3 stories high. The wings are 
 four stories high ; that on Beacon street is 84 by 34 fee! ; and 
 thai on the south, fronting an open square, is 1 10 by 40 feet. 
 This building contains 180 rooms. The dining hall is 70 by 
 31, and 14 feet high. Cost, ;>(Jo,000, without the land. 
 
 Neio Court House. The corner s'.onu of the noble build- 
 ing now erecting in Court square, between Court and School 
 streets, for the accommodation of the Courts of Law, Offices 
 of Record, &.c., was laid Sept. £8, 1833. It is of cut or hewn 
 granite, from the Quincy quarry. Its length is I7j feet 10 
 inches ; — width, S3 feet 10 inches, and height 57 feet 3 inches. 
 A Portico of nearly the same model of the Doric Portico at 
 Athens, will adorn its north an. I soulli fronts. There are four 
 colunms of fluted granite at each of these Porticos, measuring 
 25 feet 4 inches in length, and 4 feet 5 inches diainetc^r. They 
 weigh 25 tons each. The interior contains four Court rooms, 
 50 feet by 40 The estimated expense of this building, without 
 the land, is ,'^150,000. It will probably be finished in the 
 course of the present year. 
 
 Trimly Church, in Summer street, St. Paul's Church and 
 the Masonic Temple, m Tremont street, t!ie \Vashingto7i Bank 
 ill Washington street, the granite building lately erected by 
 the Suffolk lianl:, and the Viiited States Bank, in Stale street, 
 are some of the best specimens of architecture in Boston. 
 
 Churches .ind Ministers. 
 
 First Church. The first house of worship for this society 
 was built in 163'2, near the corner ot' Slate and Devonshire 
 streets. Their second house was built in 1G40 — 1641, on 
 Washington street on the lot where Jo3''s buildings now stand. 
 This house was burnt in 1711, and the Old Brick, so called, 
 was erected on the same spot. In 1808 the Old Brick was 
 sold and their present house in Chauncey place, out of Sum- 
 mer street was built, and dedicated on the ilst of July the 
 same year. The church was constituted July 30. 1G30. 
 
 Clers:y. John Wilson was settled Aug. 27, 1630. He died 
 Aug. 7, 1667, aged 78 years. John Cotton, s. October 10, 
 1633, d. Dec. 15, 1652, a. 67. John Norton, s. July 23, 1656, 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 121 
 
 d. April 5, 1663, a. 57. John Davenport, s. Dec. 9, 1668, d. 
 March 12, 1670, a. 73. James Allen, s. Dec. 9, 1668, d. Sept. 
 22, 1710, a. 73. John Oxenbridge, s. April 10, 1671, d. Dec. 
 28, 1674, a. 63. John Baile.y, s. July 7, 1693, d. Dec. 12, 
 1697, a. .55. Joshua Moody ,",s. May 3, 1684, left 1692. Ben- 
 jamin Wadsworlh, s. Sept. 8, 1696, left June 16, 1725. Thom- 
 as Bridge, s. 31ay 10, 1705, d. Sept. 26, 1715, a 58. Thomas 
 Foxcroft, s. Nov. 20, 1717, d. June 16. 1769, a. 73. Charles 
 Chauncey, D. D. s. Oct. 25. 1727, d. Feb. 10, 1787, a. 82. 
 John Clark, D. D. s. July 8, 1778, died April 1, 1798, a. 43. 
 William Emerson, s. Oct. 16, 1799, d. Mav 12, 1811, a 42. 
 John L. Abbot, s. July 14, 1813, d. Oct. 17, 1814. a 31. N. 
 L. Frothingham, settled March 15, 1815. 
 
 0= A Lecture has been preached at this Church on Thurs- 
 day of every week since the year 1633, by an association of 
 the clergy of Boston audits vicinity. On that day all intended 
 marriages in the city are publicly announced by the City 
 Clerk. 
 
 Fnends^ Meetijig House. The society of Friends built the 
 first brick house for public worship in Boston, on Brattle street, 
 in the year 1664. About the year 1717 they changed their 
 place of worship to " Quaker Lane, " now Congress street. 
 They continued there until 1825. Their present place of 
 worship is in a very neat stone building, on Milton place, out 
 of Federal street. 
 
 Second Church, or the Neio Brick, as it was formerly called, 
 on Hanover street, was dedicated May 10, 1721, and is the 
 oldest meeting house now standing in the city. This cluirch 
 was constituted, May 23, 1722, and united with the "Old 
 North," church and minister, June 27, 1779. The "Old 
 North " was situated in North square. It was built in 1649, 
 burnt Nov. 27, 1676, rebuilt in 1677, and destroyed b}' the 
 British, January 16, 1776. The Church of the " Old North " 
 was constituted June 5. 1650. Its clergy were — John Mayo, 
 settled Nov. 9, 1655, left April 15. 1673. Increase Mather, 
 D. D., s. Mav 27, 1664, died Aug. 23. 1723, aged, 85. Cotton 
 Mather. D. D. s. May 13, 1684, d. Feb. 13, 1728, a. 65. 
 Joshua Gee, s. December 18, 1723, d. May 22, 1718, a. 50. 
 Samuel Mather, D. D. s. June 21, 1732, lefl Oct. 23, 1741, 
 died June 27, 1785, aged 79. Samuel Checkley, Jr. s. Sept. 
 3. 1747, d. March 19, 1768, a. 44. John Latiirop, D. D., s. 
 Mav 18, 1768, died January 4, 1816, aged 77 years. 
 
 Clorgv of the " New Brick " — William VValdron, settled 
 Mav 23,' 1722, died Sept 20, 1727, aged 81. William Wel- 
 sieed, s. March 27, 1728, d. Sept. 29, 1753, a. 58. Ellis 
 Gray, s. Sept 27, 1738, d. January 17, 1752, a 37. Ebenezer 
 Pemberton, s. March 6, 1754 d. Sept 15, 1777, a. 72. (Dr. 
 
122 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Lalhrop, as above.) Henry Ware, Jr. s. Januar}' 1, 1817, 
 left Oclober 4, 1830. R. \V. Emerson, s. March I], 1829, 
 left Oct. 28, 1832. Chandler Robbins, settled Dec. 4, 1833. 
 
 First Baptist Church. This church was constiluled at 
 Charlestown, May 28, l(J65. The first house of ibis society 
 was erected on the side of what was then called ihe Mill Pond, 
 now Stiilman street, between Salem and Pond streets. In 
 1771 this house was taken down and a larn:er one creeled, and 
 which continued their place of worship until the 14ih of June, 
 1829. Their new house at the corner of Hanover and Union 
 streets, was erected in 1828, and dedicated June 17, 1829. 
 
 Clerfry. Thomas Gould, settled 1665, died Octo!)cr, 167G. 
 John Miles was settled here a short time. John Russell, s. 
 July58, 1G79, died Dec. 24,1680. Isaac Hull v.-as selileu 
 here a short time. John Emblen, settled inl(j8t. died Dee. 
 9,1702. EllisCallender, s. 1708. He died about 20 years 
 after. Elisha Callender, s. May 21, 1718, d. March 31, 1738. 
 Jeremiah Condy, s. Feb. 14.17.39, left 1767. Samuel S'ill- 
 man, D.D., s. January 9, 1765, d. March 12. 1807 a. 70. 
 Joseph Clay, settled Aug. 1, 1807, left Oct. 27, 1S09. James 
 M. Winchell, s. March 13, 1814, d. Feb. 22, 1820, a. 28. 
 Francis Wnyland, D. D. s. Au?. 2'2, 1821, left Sept. 10, 1826. 
 Cvrus Grosvenor, s. January 24, 1827, left Sept. 24, 1830. 
 William Hague, settled Feb. 4, 1830. 
 
 Old South Clairch. This Church was constituted at 
 Charlestown, May 12, 1669. 'I'he first house o( this society 
 was of wood, at the corner of Washington and Milk streets. 
 Tiieir wooden house was taken down in March 1729, and 
 religious services were attended, for the first lime, in their 
 present capacious brick building, on the same spot, on the 
 26th of April, 1730. 
 
 Clergy. Thomas Fletcher, settled Feb. 16, 1670, died 
 Oct. !5, 1678, aged 33. Samuel Willnrd, s. April 10, 1678. d. 
 Sept. 12 1707, a. 66. Ebeuezer I'cmberlon, s. Aug. 28. 1700, 
 d. Feb. 13, 1717, a. 45. Joseph Sewall, D. D., s. Sept. 16. 
 1713, d. June 27, 1769, a. 80. Thomas Prince, s. Oct. 1, 
 1718. d. Oct. 22. 17.58, a. 72. Alexander Gumming, s. Feb. 
 25, ]76(, d. Aug. 25, 1763, a .37. Samuel Blair. D. D.. s. 
 Nov. 19, 1766, died in Pennsylvania, Oct. 10, 1769. John 
 Bacon, s. Sept 25, 1771. Helcft the socieiv and died Oct. 
 25. 1820, aged 83. Jolm Hunt, s. Sept. 25."177! , d. Dec. 20, 
 1775, n. 31. Joseph Ecklev, D. I)., s. Oct. 27. 1779. d. 
 April 20, 1811, a. 61. Joshua Huntingion. s. May 18, 1H08, d. 
 Sept. 11, 1819, a. .34. Benj.amin B. Wi.sner, D. I), s. Feb. 
 21, 1821. d. Feb. 9, 1835, a. 40. Samuel H. Stearns, settled 
 April 16, 1834, 
 
 Thi.s house is 88 by 61 feet. It has two tiers oi galleries, 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 123 
 
 and is so central and commodious Ihat it is generally used on 
 grpat public occasions. 
 
 '• Here was delivered, in defiance of the threats of author- 
 ily and in presence of marshalled soldiery, Warren's fearless 
 Oraiion on the anniversary of liie massacre of the 5lh of 
 March, 1770. Here were repeatedly held the meeting's of 
 oppressed freemen, which called fortli those peals of patriotic 
 eloquence, which moved this whole country, and shook the 
 British throne."'" 
 
 (See Dr. Wisner's centennial sermons, delivered in this 
 house in May, 1830. Published by Crocker & Brewster.) 
 
 Kino's Chapel. This Episcopalian society' was formed 
 June 15, IG86. Their first house was of wood, and was 
 erected in IfiJIS, at the corner of Tremont and School streets, 
 on the spot where their present Stone Chapel now stands, and 
 which was first opened for worship on the '21st Aug. 1751. 
 
 C/cron/. Robert Ratclifle an<l Robert CL-irl<. settled 163G. 
 Samuel Mvles, s. June 29, 1689. d. March 1, 1123. George 
 Hation. s. "1693. left 1696.' Christopher Bridge, s. March 5, 
 1699, left Oct. 1, 1706. Henry Harris, s. April 1709, left Oct. 
 6, 1729. Roger I'rice, s. June 25, 1729, left Nov. 21, 1746. 
 Thomas Haiward, s. 1731, d. April 15, 1736. Addington 
 Davenport, s. April 15, 1737, left May 8, 1740. Ste|)hen 
 Roe.s. 1741 left 1714. Henrv Caner, D. D. s. April I 1, 1747, 
 left March 17, 1776. Charles Brockwell, s. 1747, died Aug. 
 20, 1755. John Troutbeck, s. and left 1755. James Free- 
 man, D. D. s. Oct. 20, 1782. Samuel Cary, s. Jan. 1, 1807., 
 died Oct. 25, 1815, aeed 30. F. VV. P. Greenwood, settled 
 Aug. 29, 1 824. 
 
 Brattle Street Church. This Church was formed Dec. 12, 
 1699. The present house of this society was erected in 1772, 
 and opened for worship July 25, 1776. A wooden house for 
 that purpose had stood on the same site from 1698 to that 
 time. 
 
 Clercry. Benjamin Coleman, D. D. s. Aug. 4, 1699, d. 
 Aug. 29," 1747, a. 7.3. William Cooper, s. May 23 1716, d. 
 Dec. 13, 1743, a. 50. Samuel Cooper, s. May"22, 1746, d. 
 Dec. 20, 1783, a 58. Peter Thatcher, s. January 12, 1785, d. 
 Dec. 16, 1802, a. 51. Joseph S. Buckminster, s. January 30, 
 1805, d. June 9, 1812, a. 28. Edward Everett, s. Feb. 9, 
 1814, left March 5, 1815. John G. Palfrey, s. June 17. 1818, 
 left May 22, 1830. Samuel K. Lolhrop, s. June 18, 1834. 
 
 New North Church. The present house of worship be- 
 longing to this society at the corner of Hanover and Clark 
 streets was dedicated'May 2. 1 805. Their old honse on that 
 spot was erected in 1714." The church was formed, Rlay 5, 
 1714. 
 
124 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Clergij. John Webb. s. Oct. 20, 1714, d. April 1(5, 1750, a. 
 21. Peter Thatcher, s. January 28, 1720, dicfi Feb. 26, 
 1739, a. 61. Andrew Eliot, D. D. s. April 14, 1742, d. Sept. 
 13, 1772, a. 59. John Eliot, D. D. s. Nov. 3, 1779, d. Feb. 14, 
 1813, a 69. Francis Parkman, D. D. s. Dec. 8, 1813. 
 
 Neio South Church, on Church Green, so called, at the 
 union of Bedford with Summer streets. The first house here 
 was dedicated January 8, 1717. The present neat building 
 •was dedicated Dec. 29, 1814. This church was constitutea 
 April 15, 1719. 
 
 Clerg^}. Samuel Checkley, s. April 15, 1719, d. Dec. 1 , 1769, 
 a. 73. Penuel Bowen, s. April 28, 1766, left May 12, 1772. 
 Joseph Howe, s. May 19. 1773. d. Aug. 25, 1775, a. 28. Oli- 
 ver Everett, s. January 2, 1782, left May 26, 1792. John T. 
 Kirkland, D. D. s. Feb. 6, 1794, left Nov. 1810. Samuel C. 
 Thacher, s. May 15, 181 1, d. January 2, 1818, a 32. F. W. 
 P. Greenwood, s. Oct. 21, 1818, left Dec. 1820. Alexander 
 Young, s. January 19, 1825. 
 
 Christ Church. This Episcopal Church is in Salem street, 
 near Copp's Hill. It was built in 1723, and consecrated on 
 the 29th of Dec. of that year. The society was formed Sept. 
 6, 1722. The house is 70 feet by 50. This church has a peal 
 of eight bells ; — ou three of which are the following inscrip- 
 tions. " We are the first ring of bells cast for the British 
 Empire in North America, A. R. I7'14." " Abel Rudhall, of 
 Gloucester, cast us all. Anno 1744." " God preserve the 
 Church of England, 1744." 
 
 Clergy. Timothy Cutler, D. D., settled Dec. 29, 1723, died 
 Aug. 17, 1765. James Greaton, s. 1759, left Aug. 31, 1767. 
 Mather Byles,Jr. D. D. s. April 22, 1768, left April 1775. 
 Stephen Lewis, s. 1778, left 1785. William Montague, s. 
 1786, left 1792. William Walter, D. D. s. May 19, 1792, d. 
 Dec. 5, 1800, a. 64. Samuel Haskell, s. May, 1801, left Sept. 
 1803. Asa Eaton, D. D. s. Oct. 23, 1803, left Mav, 1829. 
 William Croswell, s. June 24, 1829. 
 
 Federal Street Church. This church was formed by Irish 
 Presbyterians, in 1727. It adopted the Congregational order 
 in 1786. Their first convenient house of worship was at the 
 corner of Berrj-and Federal streets. Is was erected in 1744. 
 In this house the Federal Constitution was adopted, on the 
 7lh of February, 1783. The present beautiful church was 
 erected on the same spot, and dedicated Nov. 23, 1809. 
 
 Clergif. John Morehead, s. March 31, 1730, d. Dec. 2, 
 1773, a. 70. Robert Annan, s. 1783, d. 1786. Jeremy Belk- 
 nap, D. D., s. April 4. 1787, d. June 20, 1798, a 54. J. S. 
 Popkin, D. D. s. July 10, 1799, left Nov. 28, 1802. William 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. VZo 
 
 E. Clianniiifi^, D. D., s. June I, 1803. Ezra S. Gaunelt, s. 
 June 30, 1824. 
 
 Trinity Church. This society was formed in 1728. Their 
 wooden churcli on Summer street was consecrated Sept. 1.5, 
 1733. In 1828 that building was taken down, and the new 
 and splendid edifice, of unhewn granite, was built the same 
 year, on the same spot. 
 
 Clergy. Addington Davenport, s. May 8, 1740, d. Sept. 8, 
 1746. William Hooper, s. Aug. 28, 1747, d. April 14,1767. 
 William Walter, D. D., s. July 22, 1764, left March 1776. 
 Samuel Parker, D. D., s. Mav 19, 1774. d. Dec. 6, 1804, a. 
 60. John S. J. Gardiner, s. April 12, 1792, d. July 29, 1830, 
 a 65. George W. Doane, s. April 7, 1828, left October, 1832. 
 Jonathan M. Wainwrighl, D. D., s. Dec. 1833. 
 
 Holli.'i Street Church. The first meeting house on the 
 ground where the present church stands was built in 1732, 
 dedicated June 18, and the church formed Nov. 14, the same 
 year. This house was burnt April 24, 1787. It was rebuilt in 
 1793. In 1810 the building was sold and taken down and the 
 materials removed to a neighboring town for the construc- 
 tion of a place of worship. The new house was dedicated, 
 January 31, 181 1 . 
 
 Clergij. Mather Byles, D.D. s. Dec. 20, 1732, left 1777, 
 and died July 5, 1788. Ebenezer Wight, s. Feb. 25, 1778, 
 left the same year. Samuel West, D. D., s. March 12, 1789, 
 d. April 10, 1808, a. 70. Horace Holley, D. D., s. March 9, 
 1809, left Aug. 24, 1818, died July 31, 1827, a. 47. John 
 Pierpont, s. April 14, 1819. 
 
 West Church. This church was constituted January 3, 
 1737. The first meeting house of this society was on the spot 
 where the present church now stands, in Lynde street, near 
 Cambridge street. It was erected in 1736, taken down in 
 1806, and the present church built, and dedicated Nov. 27 the 
 same year. The house is very handsome, and is 75 by 74 
 feet. 
 
 Clergy. William Hooper, s. May 18, 1737, left Nov. 19, 
 1746. Jonathan Mayhew, D. D., s. June 17, 1747, d. July 8, 
 1766, a. 46. Simeon Howard, D. D., s. May 6, 1767, d. Aug. 
 13, 1804, a 71. Charles Lowell, D. D., s. January 1, 1806. 
 
 SecoTid Baptist Church. This church was formed in 1743, 
 and a house of worship was built on the border of the Mill 
 Pond, near Salem street, now Baldwin Place, and dedicated 
 March 15, 1746. A new building was erected on the same 
 spot in 1810, 75 by 80 feet, and dedicated January I, 1811. 
 
 Clergy. Ephraim Bownd, s. Sept. 7, 1743, d. June 18, 
 1765, a. 46. John Davis, s. Sept. 9, 1770, left July 1772. 
 Isaac Skillman, D. D. s. Oct 3d, 1773, left Oct 7, 1787. 
 15 
 
126 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Thomas Gair, s. April 23cl, 1788, d. April 27, 1790, a. 35, 
 Thomas IBalclvvin, D. D. s. Nov. II, 1790, d. Au?. 29, 1825, a. 
 7-2. James D. Knowles, s. Dec. 23, 1825, Jelt Oct.. 7, 1832. 
 Baron Slovv,s. Nov. 15, 183i. 
 
 First UnJversdUst Church. This society was organized in 
 1785. Their place of worship has ever been at the corner of 
 Hanover and Bennet streets. Their house formerly belonged 
 to another society, (Dr. Mather's) and was built about the year 
 1740. It is a iaiije wooden building, and is the only church of 
 that material in Boston. 
 
 Cler.o-y. John Mi:rrav, s. Oct. 24, 1773, d. Sept. 3, 1815, a. 
 74. Edward Mitchell, s. Sept. 12, 181C, left Oct. 6, 1811, 
 died in New York, 1834. Paul Dean, s. Ai\g. 19, 1813, left 
 April 6, 182:?. Sebastian Streeter, s. May 13, 1824. 
 
 Roman Catholic Churches. Mass was first celebrated in 
 Boston in an old French church on School street, Nov. 22, 
 1788. The church of the Holy Cross, in Franklin street 
 was consecrated on the 29ih of September, 1803. This 
 church is 115 by 72 feet. (A large new church has been 
 erected on Pond street and will soon be consecrated.) 
 
 St. Augustine's, a Catholic church, was erected at South 
 Boston in 1819. At this place is a Catholic Cemetery. 
 
 Clericij. M. La Poterie, s. 1788. Louis de Rousselet. 
 John Thayer, s. June 10, 1790. F. A. Matignon, D. D. s, 
 Aug. 20,'l792, d. Sept. 19, 1818. John L. .Ic Cheverus, s. 
 Oct. 3, n9G, left Sept. 26, 1823 ; (now Archbishop of Bor- 
 deaux, in France.) Philip Larisey, s. Mav 1818, left July 
 1821. Patrick Byrne, s. March 18. 1820, left July 11, 
 1830. William Taylor, D. D., s. April 1821, left December 
 17, 1825. Benedict Fenwick, s. May 10, 1825. James Fil- 
 ton, s. Dec. 23, 1827, left July 30, 1830. William Wiley, s. 
 Dec. 23,1827, left Sept. 19,1831. William Tyler, s. May 3, 
 1829. T. J. O'Flagherty, s. Sept. 6, 1829. M'ichael Healey, 
 S.July 10, 1831. 
 
 The number of Catholic Clergymen in the diocess 
 of Boston, which comprises all the New England States, is 
 26. The whole number of Catholic Clergymen in the United 
 States in 18.34. was 341. There are in llie" United States, 22 
 Catholic Colleges and other seminaries of learning for males, 
 and 34 Convents and Academies for females. 
 
 First Methodist Episcopal Church. No fraternity of chris- 
 tians denominated Methodists existed in Boston until the year 
 1784, when the Rev. William Black became a regular preach- 
 er. A society was formed in 1792, and in 1799 this society 
 built a neat chapel at the north part of the city, which was 
 dedicated May 15lh the same year. At that time there were 
 but 50 communicants. The celebrated George Whitfield had 
 preached in Boston previous to that time, but no society was 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 127 
 
 formed under liis niiiiislralion. Mr. Whitfield was born in 
 Eni^land, 1714.. He died at Newbiiryport, Sept. 30, 1770. 
 
 The corner .stone of a new Cli.ipel, tor tiie aroommodation 
 of this .society was laid on theSOih of April 18.28 5 on which 
 occasion a Inrg-c concourse of people assembled, and by the 
 breaking of the floor a large portion of the audience were 
 precipitated into the cellar; — many persons were severely 
 injured : — three lost their lives. This house is in NorUi Ben- 
 net street. It was dedicated September 28, 1828. 
 
 The first Methodist society in the United States was formed 
 at New York, in the year 1769. This is now probably the 
 largest sect of christians in America. The number of mem- 
 bers in Massachusetts, in 18.34, was 12,714; — the number of 
 preachers, 104; — the whole number of members in the United 
 States was 6.38,784 — preachers, 2,458. In that year 39,048 
 members and 2i6 preachers were added to the 22 different 
 conferences. 
 
 Doctrines of the Methodists. Believing much mis- 
 apprehension exists with regard to the doctrines of the Meth- 
 odists, the following notice of the distinguishing tenets of this 
 denomination is here given : — 
 
 In their doctrines, the Blethodists are the same all over the 
 world. They are Arminians, and in common with those who 
 are usually siyled Calvinisls, or Orthodo.v, they are Trinita- 
 rians, and hold to repentance, faith and regeneration, as neces- 
 sary to salvation. Justification by faith, and a state of future 
 rewards and punishments, endless in their duration. Those 
 tenets by which 31ethodisls are chiefly distinguished from 
 Calvinists relate to the five following articles, viz : — Predes- 
 tination, Particular Redemption, Total Depravity, EfTectual 
 Calling and the Perseverance of the Saints. 
 
 I'jlcction. Tlie Calvinists hold, that God has chosen a 
 certain number unto eternal glory, without any conditions 
 performed by them, and that the rest, he was pleased to pass 
 by, and ordain to dishonor and wraih ; — but the Methodists 
 believe Klection to be dependent upon man's obedience to 
 God's holy requirements, and final reprobation, upon his diso- 
 bedience. 
 
 Purlicnlar Rrdfmption. The Calvinists hold, that Christ, 
 by the blood of the cross, redeemed only those who were 
 from eternity elecierl to salvation, and given him by the 
 Father; — but the Methodists believe that Jesus Christ by his 
 sufferings, made an atonement for the sins of all mankind in 
 general, and for every individual in particular. 
 
 Total Di'pravity. The Calvinists hold, thnt man has neither 
 light, or ability to turn to God, before regeneration, — but the 
 Methodists believe that by the operations of the Holy Ghost 
 upon the heart, he has both light and ability. 
 
128 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Effectual Calling. The Calvinists hold, that all whom 
 God has predestinated to eternal life, he is pleased in his 
 appointed time, efleclually to call from sin and death to grace 
 and salvation ; — but the Methodists believe that Divine grace 
 begins and perfects every thing that can be called good in 
 man, that this grace is oOered lo all — that it docs not force men 
 to act against their inclinations, but that it may be receiv- 
 ed, or resisted. 
 
 Perseverance of the Saints. The Calvinists hold that 
 those whom God has effectually called, and sanctified by his 
 spirit, shall never finally fall from a state of grace; — whereas, 
 the Methodists believe that God gives to the truly faithful who 
 are regenerated by his grace, the means of preserving them- 
 selves in this state, but, that it is possible they may lose true 
 justifj'ing faith — fall from a state of grace, and die in their 
 sins. 
 
 [O' A view of religions, giving the peculiar tenets of every 
 sect of christians in the United Slates, is in preparation and 
 will soon be published. 
 
 Second Methodist Church. This chapel is in Bromfield 
 street. It is 84 by 54 feet, and was dedicated on the 19lh of 
 November, 1806. Present preacher, John Lindsey. 
 
 The Third Methodist Episcopal Church, in Church street, 
 was constituted Aug. 1834. Present preacher, Abel Stevens. 
 
 Clergy of the several Methodist Societies in Boston. Jesse 
 Lee, 1790. Daniel Smith, 1791. Jeremiah Cosden, 1792. 
 Amos G. Thompson, 1793. Christopher Spry, 1794. Evan 
 Rogers, 1795. John Harper, 1795. Joshua Hale, 1796. 
 George Pickering, 1796. Elias Hull, 1797. Daniel Ostander, 
 1797. Wm. Beauchamp. 1798. Joshua Wells, 1799. Thom- 
 as F. Sargent. 1800. George Pickering, 1801. Thomas 
 Lyall, 1802. T. Lyall, E. Kibby, 1803. Epaphras Kibby, 
 1804. P. Jayne, R. Hubbard, 1805. P. Jayne, S. Merwin, 
 1806. G.Pickering, D. Webb, 1807. D. Webb, M. Rutter, 
 1808. E. R. Snbin, P. Munger, 1809. E. R. Sabin, G. Nor- 
 ris, 1810. Elijah Heddiiig, Erastus Otis, 1811. William 
 Stephens, William Hinman. 1812. Daniel Webb, Elijah 
 Hedding, 1813. Geo. Pickering, Joseph A Merrill, 1814. 
 Elijah Hedding, Daniel I'ilmore, 1815. Elijah Hedding, 
 Daniel Filmore, 1816. Timothy Merritt, Enoch Mudge, 1817. 
 Timothy Merriit, Enoch Mudge, 1818. Benja. R. Hoyt, V. 
 R. Osborn, 1819. D. Kilburn, B. R. Hoyt, 1820. S. W. 
 Wilson, Eph. Wiley, 1821. Elijah Hedding, E. Wiley, 1822. 
 Elijah Hedding. John Lindsev, 1823. Sofomon Sias, Isaac 
 Bonny, 1824. T. Merritt, I. "Bonny, A. D. Sargent, 1825. 
 T. Merritt, J. A. Merrill, J.Foster, 1826. J. A. Merrill, J. N. 
 Maffil, D. Webb, 1827. Stephen Martindale, E. Wilev, 1328. 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 129 
 
 S. Martindale. E. Wiley, E. T. Taylor, 1S29. J. Bonny, J. 
 N. Maffit. E. T. Taylor, 1830. I. Bonnv. A.D. Merrill, E. T. 
 Tavlor, 1831. J. Sanborn, .1. Lindsey. E. T. Taylor, S. W. 
 Wilson, 1832. .1. Sanborn,.!. Lindsey, E.'I'.Taylor, S.W.Wil- 
 son. 1833. J. Lindsey, D. Fillmore, E. T. Taylor, A. Stevens. 
 
 The Clergy of this church are appointed to stations annuall' 
 in June. 
 
 Third Baptist Church. The place of worship of ih' 
 Kociety is in Charles-street. Their church was constlluie- 
 and the building dedicated, Aug. 5, 1307. 
 
 Clersy. Caleb Blood, s. Oct. 5, 1807, loft June 5, 1810. 
 Daniel Sharp, D. D. s. April 29, 1812. 
 
 Par/c-^treel Church. This beautiful house at the corner of 
 Park and Tremont-slreets, was dedicated January 10, 1810. 
 The church was constituted Feb. 27, 1809. From the lop of 
 the vane on the steeple of this church to the pavement is 218 
 feet. 
 
 Clers:y. Edward D. Gritfin, DD. s. July 31, 1811, left 
 April =li, 1815. Sereno E. Dwight, s. Sept. 3, 1817, leli 
 April 10, I82n. Edward Beccher, s. Dec. 27, 1826, left in 
 5832. .Toel H. Linsley, s. Dec. 5, 1832. 
 
 The Sea-street Church of Freewill Baptists, or Christians, 
 was formed in 1803. Their present house, at the corner of 
 Sea and Summer streets, was dedicated Dec. 29, 1825. 
 
 Clerr^y. Joshua V. Himes. 
 
 African Baptist Church. Tliis church was formed in 1805, 
 and their house of worship, on Belknap-stieet, was dedicated, 
 and Thomas Paul settled Dec. 4, 1806. Mr. Paul died April 
 £3, 1831 , aged 54. Thomas Richie, settled Oct. 1832. 
 
 The African Mi'thodi.H Episcopal society was organizef 
 about I8!8. Their church in May-street was dedicated Octo 
 ber 24, 1824, Samuel Sno'vden, minister. 
 
 St. Matthew's Church. This church was formed at Soul, 
 Boston JIarch 31, 18 IG. Consecrated 24th of June, 18I& 
 J. L. Blake became Rector in 1824. Horace S. Conally, Rec 
 lor, 1835. 
 
 The Second Universalist Church, in School-street, was 
 incorporated Dec. 13. 18!6, and the house dedicated October 
 16, 1817. Rosea Ballon, settled Dec. 25, 1817. 
 
 Union Church. Essex-street Church was formed and Jannes 
 Sabine became its pastor on the 27th of January, 1819. The 
 House in Esse.x-street was dedicated in Dec. 1819. Mr. 
 Sabine left March 16, 1822. The Union Church was formed 
 Aug. 26, 1822, and Samuel Greene settled March 26,1823. 
 Mr. Greene left March 26, 1834, and died Nov. 20, of the 
 lii* 
 
130 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 same year, aged 42. Nehemiah Adams was settled March 
 26, 1834. 
 
 The Neio Jerusalem Church. This society worship in a 
 building on Tremont-street, near the Tremont House. The 
 society was formed in 1818. Thomas Worcester became 
 their minister, Aug. 17, 1828. 
 
 St. Paul's Church on Tremont-street was consecrated 
 June 30, 1820. S. F. Jarvis, D. D. instituted Rector, Julv 
 7, 1820, left Aug. 22, 1825. Alonzo Potter, Rector, Aug, 
 29, 1826, left Aug. 27, 1831. John S.Stone, Rector, June 19, 
 1832. 
 
 Central Unwersalist Churcli. Society formed 1822. House 
 in Bulfinch street ; dedicated, and Paul Dean installed. May C, 
 1823. 
 
 Phillips^ Chtirch Society, South Boston. Constituted Dec. 
 10, 1823. Prince Hawes, settled April 28, 1824, left April 18, 
 
 1827. Joy H. Fairchild, settled Nov. 22, 1827. House ded- 
 icated March 9,1823. A larger house is now erecting. 
 
 Green-street Church. Constituted Dec. 30, 1823. The 
 house was dedicated Oct. 23, 182G. William Jenks, D. D, 
 installed the same day. 
 
 Chamher-st reel Church. Constituted Jan. 23, 1825. House 
 dedicated October 13, 1824. Samuel Barrett ordained Feb. 
 9, 1825. 
 
 Bowdoin-slreet Church. Constituted July 18, 1825. Their 
 church in Hanover-st. was burnt Feb. 1,1830. The present 
 house was dedicated June IG, 1831. Lyman Beecher, D. D. 
 settled March 22, 1826, left Sept. 1832. Hubbard Winslow 
 was settled Sept. 1832. 
 
 Purchase-street Church. Society formed in 182.5. House 
 dedicated Aug. 24. 1826, George Ripley ordained Nov. 8. 
 1826. 
 
 Federal-street Baptist Church. Society organized and 
 house dedicated July 18, 1827. Howard Malcom, settled in 
 Nov. 1828. 
 
 Pine-street Church. Constituted Sept. 1, 1827. House on 
 Washington-street, dedicated Dec. 23, 1827. T. H. Skinner, 
 D.D. settled April 10, 1828, left Aug. 27, 1828. John Brown, 
 D. D. settled March 4, 1829, left Feb. 16, 1831. Amos 
 A. Phelps, settled Sept. 13, 1832, left Sept. 1834. Artemas 
 Boies, s. Nov. 1834. 
 
 Salem-street Church. Society formed Sept. 1, 1827. 
 House dedicated, and Justin Edwards, D. D. settled Jan. 1, 
 
 1828, left Aug. 1829. George W. Blagden settled Nov. 3, 
 18S0. 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 131 
 
 South Congregational Church. Society formed, 1827. 
 House on Washington-street, dedicated Jan. 30, 1828, and 
 Melish J. Motte, settled May 21, 1828. 
 
 Mariners Churches. The first of these churches was formed 
 in Jan. 1828, and their first Bethel on Purchase-street was 
 dedicated in 1830. D. M. Lord, present minister. The sec- 
 ond society was formed in lfi29, and a Betlul erected in 
 North square, in 1832. Edward T. Taylor, jjreacher. The 
 latter is of the Methodist order. 
 
 Uawes' Place Church, South Boston, was dedicated Janua- 
 ry 1, 1833. The society was formed in 1810. Lemuel 
 Capen, settled Oct 31, 1827. 
 
 So7tth Baptist Society, South Boston. House dedicated 
 1830. 
 
 Fourth Universalist Societtj. House at South Boston, 
 dedicated 1830, Benjamin Whittemore, s. July, 1830. 
 
 Grace Church. This Church was formed 1829, under 
 James Sabine, who continued to o.'ficiate a few months in 
 Piedmont, now Church street. Geo. F. Haskins, admin- 
 istered until 20th Sept. 1831, when he resigned. They gave 
 up the church in Piedmont street in Feb. 1C31, and removed 
 to a small building in Bedford street. They were destitute of 
 a regular pastor from 20th Sept. 1831, till I'Jih July 1832. 
 Most of the Episcopalian Ministers in the city officiated 
 during that time. Samuel McBurney, became their pastor 
 for 1 year, 19th July, 1832. The society removed to Boylston 
 Hall on the 1st Sunday in Aug. 1833. Zachariah Mead, be- 
 •came pastor, Sept. 8, and commenced the charge 20ih Dee. 
 1833. This society now worship in Amory Hall, corner of 
 West and Washington-streets. They are now building a 
 beautiful church in Temple street, which is estimated to cost 
 533,000. 
 
 Li addition to the above places of public worship, there are 
 a large number of Halls, Mission Chapels, ifcc. devoted to 
 that object. 
 
 Schools. 
 
 The first settlers of New England were exceedingly tena- 
 cious of their civil and religious rights, and they well knew that 
 knowledge was an all powerful engine to preserve those rights, 
 and transmit them to their posterity. They therefore very early 
 laid the foundation of ihose free schools, of which all the sons 
 and daughters of New-England are justly proud. E.xclusive 
 of Infant and Sabbath school scholars, about a quarter part of 
 the population of Boston is kept at school throughout the 
 year, at an annual expense of about ,§[200,000. 
 
iS2 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Houses of Industry, Correction, aud Reforma- 
 tion. 
 
 These houses are delightfully situated on a plot of 
 ground of about 60 acres, situated at South Boston, on the 
 margin of the harbor, and near the brow of Dorchester 
 Heights. 
 
 The House of Indnstnj is a large stone building wholly 
 devoted as a place of refuge for the poor, who are old, infirm, 
 or otherwise undble to support themselves ; and as a work- 
 house for those who cannot, or will not maintain themselves. 
 This establishment is of the same character of that which 
 stood on Park-street many years ago, and which was remo- 
 \'ed to Barton's Point in 1800, where a beautiful building 
 was erected Oor its accommodation, but which was sold, 
 and (he present house built in 1823. From the 7th of August^ 
 1823, to June 2d, 1835, the number admiited to this house was 
 8,241. The number of admissions and re-admissions in 183-t 
 was 979, besides 32 births in the house. 'I here remained in 
 the House, December31, 1834,610. " 1383 diflerent individu- 
 als were iimiates in 1834, for longer and shorter periods of 
 time, (some of whom were out and in several times) while 
 only 237 have remained steadily in the House the whole 
 year. " Of this number 600 were men, 404 women, 223 boys, 
 and 153 girls. Of this number 71 men and 57 women were 
 insane or idiotic, and 8 idiot children. Of this number 268 
 Were Bostonians, 274 were from other pans of the Uuileii 
 States, and 841 w-ere foreigners. 
 
 It is observed by the Su|)erin1endcn' that '"' there has been, 
 for several years, a constant diminution of native Americans 
 .supported in the House, nith more than a corresponding in- 
 crease of foreigners. A large proportion of these travel 
 into the State by land, from the British Provinces, and from 
 other States." 'J'he numlxr of foreigner:* admitted into this 
 House in 10 years was 3,695. 
 
 House of Correction. This House is a few rods east of 
 the House of Industry, and occupies at present. ot\\y the 
 easterly part of a large stone building, 'i his is a County 
 Prison for convicts too young in vice to place in the State 
 Prison, but too old in viciors habits to require much less 
 discipline. The commitments to this House are from the 
 Municipal and Police Courts. None e.xceed 8 years. The 
 plan of the House, although at present limited in extent, 
 is admirably fitted for its iases. It is on the plan of the 
 Auburn Prison in the Stale of New-York, which cannot well 
 be described here. It is worthy of a visit from all classes 
 of people both good and bad ; — it teaches solemn lessons ; 
 and whilst we pity and deplore its convict inmates for their 
 slate of deTadation w'e cannot but admire that order and 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 133 
 
 discipline by which so large a number of men and women are 
 kept in such quiet subjection. The number of white males 
 at this House, January 1st, 1834, was 160, white females 
 85, colored males 10, colored females 13. Total, 268. Of 
 this number 84 belonged to Massachusetts, 63 were from 
 other States, and 121 were foreigners. On the 1st of Janu- 
 ary, 1835, there were at this House 178 white males, 74 
 wh'te females, 14 colored males, 20 colored females. — Total, 
 286. Of this number 153 were people of the United States, 
 and 133 foreigners. 
 
 In the right wing of the latter building is the House of 
 Reformation for Juvenile Oflenders. The number is generally 
 between 80 and 90. The above buildings are each 220 feet 
 in length and 43 feet in width. A new building is erecting on 
 the city land south of these buildings, for a House of Re- 
 formation j when it is completed the House of Correction will 
 occupy the whole of the present building. 'J'hese Houses are 
 severally governed by Boards of Overseers. 
 
 Officers. House of Industry. Superintendent, John Porter. 
 Physician, Joseph W. JIcKean. Chaplain, Wm. Bascomb. 
 
 House of Correction. Clerk to the Overseers, Benjamin 
 Ingersoll. Master of the House, Charles Robbins. Physi- 
 cian, Joshua B. Flint. Chaplain, Charles Cleveland. 
 
 House of Reformation. Superintendent, F. C. Whiston. 
 Cho.plain and Instructer, John F. Haskins. 
 
 Theatres. 
 
 The Boston Theatre, on Federal and Franklin-sts. was first 
 opened February 3, 1794. It was burnt, February 2, 1798 ; 
 it was re-built, and re-opened on the 29ih of Oct. the same 
 year. This building is of brick, and is 152 feet long, 61 wide, 
 and 40 high. This building has not been used for theatrical 
 performances for some years. It is now improved by the 
 Boston Academy of Music, and as the place of worship of 
 the Franklin-street Church, which was organized on the llth 
 o( May, 1835. A huge wooden building was erected on Tre- 
 mont-street, and opened as the " Hay-Market Theatre," De- 
 eeniher 26, 1796. The citizens in its neighborhood being 
 fearl'ul of its conflagration, caused ils demolition, by subscrip- 
 tion, and the block of elegant brick dwelling-houses, near, 
 and north of Boylston-street, now occupy the spot. 
 
 The Tremont Theatre, on Tremont-sl. is a very neat building, 
 with a granite front, 135 feet by 79. It was commenced in July, 
 and opened Sept. 24, 1827. Cost, about gl20,000. 
 
 The Warren Theatre, a low building, at the junction of 
 Portland and Traverse-streets, near the Warren bridge, was 
 constructed in 1831. This building was first used for eques 
 trian performances. 
 
134 
 
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 Commercial Accommodations. 
 
 There is prohahly no place in the world belter accommoda- 
 ted lor commercifd operations than Ijoslon. Tiie wliole leiigth 
 of the liarlior on the east and north is lined with about '^00 
 docks and wharves. A few of them onl}' can be noticed. 
 
 India Wharf, at the foot of Fort Hill, was constructed in 
 I8C6. It extends into the harbor 980 feet, and is 246 to 280 
 
SUFFOLK COUiNTY— BOSTON. 135 
 
 feel in width. In Ihe centre is a range of 39 stores, 22 by 80, 
 and 4 stories in height. 
 
 Central Wharf, between India and Long Wharves, was 
 built in 1816. In the centre are 54 warehouses, 23 by ,50, 
 4 stories high. It is 1379 feel in length, and 150 in widih. 
 Over a spacious hall in the centre of this range of stores, is 
 one of the best Observatories in the U. Slates. J. R. Parker is 
 the conductor and proprietor. 
 
 North of this is Long Wharf, at the foot of Slate-street, 
 commenced in 1710. This wharf extends into the harbor 
 1800 feet, is 200 feet in width, and has 76 spacious ware- 
 houses. About the centre of this wharf is a well of fresh 
 •water, 90 feet in depth. 
 
 Passing the City Wharf on the north, we come to Commer- 
 cial Wharf, 1100 feet in length, and IGO feet in width. On 
 the centre of this wharf is a range of 31 granite ware-houses, 
 2.') by 60 feet, and arc unequalled by any thin<r of the kind in 
 the U. States for convenience or grandeur. Cost, ^500,000. 
 
 On the west, and in front of this tier of wharves which run into 
 the harbor, nearly parallel to each other, are India and Com- 
 viercial streets, having the east end of Fanueil Hall Market 
 nearly in the centre. These streets are wide ; they serve as 
 whfirves, and their west sides are covered with large and 
 convenient stores. It is contemplated to extend India-street, 
 on the South, to the Free Bridge on Sea-street; and Com- 
 mercial street on the north, to Winnesimet Ferry. (See 
 Hale's Map of Boston.) 
 
 The Marine Rai'watis, established in 182G, at the north part 
 of the city, atTord great accommodations to those engaged in 
 navigation. An appropriation has lieen made by the general 
 government for the erection of a new Custom House in Bos- 
 ton. The site is not yet selected. An Exchange, for the 
 accommodation of merchants is contemplated, on the site of 
 the State Bank. An Exchange is much needed. 
 
 Finances. 
 
 The public debt of the city of Boston on the 1st of Maj-, 
 1835, was ^1, 147,399. The receipts during the financial year, 
 (from 30!h April, 1834. to 30th April, 1835) were 51,316,624. 
 The expenditures, 51)316,290, leaving a balance in the Treasu- 
 ry of 5334 00. The amount due to the city on bonds and 
 notes, was ,"^105,420. The income for rents of city property 
 in 1835, is estimated at 544,000. Besides the public property 
 in public buildings, City and other wharves, &c. &c. both 
 improved for city purposes, and rented , the city has about 
 7,t}00,000 square feet of land on the Neck, exclusive of streets, 
 public squares, and malls, and a very large property in other 
 lands in various parts of the city, which are rapidly increasing 
 
136 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 in value. The amount of this property cannot be stated, but 
 it is known greatly to exceed the city debt. 
 
 Banking and Insurance Companies. 
 
 There are twenty-eight Banks in Boston with a capital of 
 gl8, 160,000, besides the Bank of the United States. The 
 charters of these Banks as well as of all Banking Companies 
 in the Commonwealth, expire by limitation in 1851. The 
 oldest Bank in the Commonwealth is the Massachusetts Bank 
 in Boston. It was incorporated in 1785. The Union Bank 
 was incorporated in 1792. The Boston Bank in 1803. Most 
 of the other Banks in Boston are of a much more recent 
 date. (The oldest Bank in the United States is the Bank of 
 North America in Philadelphia. It was incorporated in 
 1778. 
 
 It i.s a singular fact, and worthy of notice, that through all 
 the various changes to wiiich monied institutions are constant- 
 ly liable, no banking company in Boston was ever known to- 
 refuse specie for their bills, on demand. 
 
 There are 27 Insurance Companies in Boston, with a 
 capital of ;j;7,6G0,000, besides the Massachusetts HospilaF 
 Life Insurance Company, with a capital of g500,00G — and 
 the Massachusetts Mutual Fire Insurance Company. The 
 charters of these Companies are subject to the control of the 
 Legislature. 
 
 Middlesex CauaL 
 
 This canal passes in a northerly direction from Bostort 
 harbor at Charlestown, through Medlbrd,5 miles from Boston ; 
 Woburn, 10; — Wilmington, 14 ; — lo Lowell, at the locks and 
 canals at that place, 27 miles. It was incorporated in 1789, 
 and completed in 1808. Cost, g82S,000. Its breadth at the 
 surface is 30 feet; — at bottom, 20; depth, 4 feet. Summit 
 level, 104 feet above tide-water, and 32 feet above the Mer- 
 rimack at Lowell. This and other short canals on the Merri- 
 mack, open a navigable communication between Boston and 
 Concord, N. H. (See Lowell.) This was the first enterprise 
 of the kind attempted in the United States. 
 
 Railroads. 
 
 TVic Boston and Providence Railroad was incorporated 
 June 22, 1831, and the company was immediately organized. 
 The road commences on the southwest side of the common in 
 Boston, crosses the Boston and Worcester railroad, passes 
 through Roxbury, the eastern part of Dedham,and western part 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 137 
 
 of Canton, Sharon, Foxborough, Attleborough, and Pawtuck- 
 et, to Seekonk, and terminates at India bridge, which crosses 
 the Pawtucket river to Providence. Its length is 41 mile.s, 
 and is novi' open for travel. It has a branch of two miles 
 in length, leading to the town of Dedham. It is built of the 
 iron edge rail, of the form called the T rail, supported on 
 cross sleepers of wood. Depot at or near the corner of Pleas- 
 ant and Charles streets. Single track. Cost, ^1,150,000, in- 
 cluding cost of depot, engines, cars, &c. 
 
 The Lowell. Railroad was incorporated in June, 1831, and 
 the company was organized soon after. The road commences 
 near Leverett-street, in the northwestern part of the city ; 
 passes through the eastern part of East Cambridge, the west- 
 ern part of Charlestown and Medford, the eastern part of Wo- 
 burn and Wilmington, and the north part of Billerica, and 
 terminates near the Merrimack House, in Lowell. It is 26 
 miles in length, and is now nearly completed. It is built of 
 the iron edge rail, supported by cast iron chairs, on stone 
 blocks and cross sleepers, resting on stone foundations. De- 
 pot at Barton's Point, in Boston, on Charles river. Single 
 track. Cost, 51)^00,000, including cost of depot, engines, 
 cars, &c. 
 
 The Boston and Worcester Railroad was incorporated June 
 23, 1831. The company was organized in the following year, 
 and the work was begun in September, 1 832. The road begins 
 at the South Cove, on deep water, near the Free bridge, in the 
 southeastern part of Boston, and terminates on Main-st. near 
 the centre of the town of Worcester. It passes under Washing- 
 ton-st. in Boston, passes through Brighton, Newton, Needham, 
 Natick, the S. part of Framingham and Southborough, the N. 
 part of Hopkinton, the centre of Westborough, and the north 
 part of Grafton; in each of which places the cars will stop for 
 passengers, and there will be in each a depot for merchandize. 
 The road is built of the iron edge rail, supported by cast iron 
 chairs, on cross sleepers of wood, resting on a foundation of 
 stone rubble, laid below the reach of frost, in a continuous 
 trench, under each rail. The length of the road is 41 miles, 
 and the cost, when finished, including a branch of three miles 
 in length, from Grafton to Millbury, with the depots in Boston 
 and Worcester, and at the intervening places, and with the en- 
 gines and cars of every description, will be about j^ 1,200 ,000. 
 It was opened from Boston to Newton in April, 1834, and to 
 Westborough, a distance of 32 miles, in November following. 
 It will be completed (o Worcester in the course of the ensuing 
 summer. 
 
 16 
 
138 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Post Office. 
 
 The Post Office in Boston occupies the first floor of the 
 west end of the City Hall, and fronts on Washing'ton-street. 
 Lelleis, newspapers and pamphlets are deposited from the 
 entrance on \Vashin£flon-sircet, and from the public hall in 
 itie centre of the building. Boxes, with locks and keys, for 
 the accommodation of insurance companies and printers of 
 newspapers, are placed in the northwest part of the lobby on 
 Washing^ton-street ; the Postmaster's private room is on the 
 opposite side of the same lobby ; in the centre is the window 
 lor the " general delivery" of letters, &:c. The eastern front 
 of the office is on the public hall, which is entered from Slate- 
 street on the north and south sides ; this front is occupied by 
 the private boxes of merchants and others who keep accounts 
 at the office. On this front is also the entrance to the Cashier's 
 office, where all business relating to this delivery is attended 
 to. The centre and most of the north and south sides of the 
 office are devoted to the business of the " forwarding depart- 
 ment," where letters, pamphlets, <fcc. are rated, stamped, 
 mailed, and despatched for their various destinations. The 
 " cit}' delivery" is under the superintendence of Mr. Leonard 
 Holmes, who is also the cashier, and who is assisted by four 
 clerks. The " forwarding department" is under the superin- 
 tendence of !\Ir. Calvin Young, who is assisted by three clerks. 
 There are also two clerks who attend to the distribution of 
 papers and pamphlets, and df^livcr the mail bags during the 
 night; these are on duty until relieved by the day clerks in 
 the morning. Mails aie received from and despatched for 
 2300 offices weekly. 'J'hiny-three mail stages arrive and de- 
 part daily. From the first of April to the first of October, the 
 office is open from 7. A.M. to 8, P M. — from October to April, 
 from 8, A.M. to 8, P.M. On Sundays, from 3 to 6, P.M. 
 Letters are delivered b3' penny post to al! persons in the city 
 who desire so to receive them. In 18.34, the net proceeds of 
 this office, paid over to the department, were g78,174. Na- 
 thaniel Greene, Postmaster. 
 
 Public Houses. 
 
 Boston is celebrated for its good taverns or public houses. 
 A few of them, with the names of their keepers and location, 
 will be noticed. 
 
 Bromfield House, Shepherd, Bromfield-street. 
 
 City Tavern. Stone, Brattle-street. 
 
 Commercial Cofiee-House, Longley, Broad-street. 
 
 Earl's Cofiee-House, Hobart, Hanover-street. 
 
 Eastern Stage-House, Stickney, Ann-street. 
 
SUFFOLK C:OUXTV— BOSTON. 139 
 
 Elm-street Hotel, Wildes, Elm-street. 
 
 Exchange Cofiee-House. Davenport, Cong;ress-square. 
 
 Franklin Hotel, !\Ii.\er, North JMarkei-strect. 
 
 Howard-street Coli'ee-House, Kllbiirn, Howard-street. 
 
 Mansion House, Thompson, Milk-street. 
 
 Marlborongli Hotel, Wyalt, Washington-street. 
 
 New-England Cofi'ee-House, Long &, Colman, Cliiiton-st. 
 
 Tremonl House, Bo3'den, Tremonl-street. 
 
 O^ The American House, in Hanover-street, will be open 
 for the public in July. It is taken by Mr. Brigham. It is 60 
 feet front, 133 feet in length, 4 stories high, (besides the base- 
 ment) and contains 123 rooms. 
 
 Stages, 
 
 AND THE HOURS AT WHICH THEY START FROM AND 
 ARRIVE AT BOSTON. 
 
 Albany Accom. leaves 34 and 42 Hanover-st. Mon. Wed. 
 and Fri. at 2 a m, and arrives in Boston the following days at 
 
 6 pm. 
 
 Albany, via Brattleborough, V't. leaves Brigham's, 42 Han- 
 over-st. Mon. Wed. and Fri. at 2 a m, and arrives at 8 pm, 
 following evenings. 
 
 Albany Accoin. via Northampton, leaves 36 Hanover-st. 
 Tues. Th. and Sat. at 2 a m, arrives Mon. Wed. and Fri. at 
 8 pm. 
 
 Albany Daily stage leaves 34 and 42 Hanover-st. at 2 a m, 
 arrives 7 p m. 
 
 Albany Mail, via Northampton, leaves 34 Hanover-st. Mon. 
 Wed. and Fri. at 2 a m, and arrives next days at 7 p m. 
 
 Albany Mail, via Springfield, leaves 34 Hanover-st. Tues. 
 Th. and Sat. at 2 a m, and airives PJon. Wed. and Fri. at 
 
 7 pm. 
 
 Albany and Troy leaves 7 Brattle-st. Mon. Wed. and Fri. 
 at 2 p m. 
 
 Amherst, Windsor, and Burlington Mail, leaves City Tav- 
 ern every moining at 7, and arrives at 3 p m. 
 
 Andover, leaves City Tavern ever}' day, Sundays ex. at 3 
 p m, and arrives at 10. 
 
 Athol Accom. leaves 42 Hanover-st. Tues. Th. and Sat. at 
 7 a m, arrives the following days at 6 p m. 
 
 Atileborough, East. City Tavern, Tues. Thurs. and Sat. 
 at 12 m. 
 
 Barre, leaves Wesson's, Hanover-st. Tues. Th. and Sat. at 
 7 am, arrives the following evenings at 5 p m. 
 
 Bridgewater, Randolph and Boston Mail stage leaves \A"ash. 
 Coffee-House and City Tavern ever}' day, except Sunday, at 
 1pm. It passes through Milton, Stoughton, N. and W. 
 
140 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Bridg-ewater, and arrives at Bridgewaler same afternoons, 
 and leaves at 7 p m. 
 
 Barre, Greenfield, and Albany Mail, leaves Wilde's, 11 
 Elm-st. Tues. Th. and Sat. at 2 a m, and arrives Men. Wed. 
 and Fri. at 7 p m. 
 
 Bristol, R. I. Mail, via Taunton, leaves Marlborough Hotel 
 every day, except Sunday, at half past 7 am. 
 
 Brookline, leaves Norfolk avenue every day e.vcept Sunday, 
 at 8 and 10 1-2 a m, and 1-2 past 2, 4, and 6 pm. 
 
 Beverl}', leaves City Tavern every day except Sunday, at 
 4 pm, and arrives at 10 a m. 
 
 Brattleborough, Vt. and Albany Mail, leaves 9 Elm-st. Tu. 
 Th. and Sat. at 7 a m. 
 
 Brattleborough 3Iail leaves 11 Elm-st. every day except 
 Saturday, at 5 a m. 
 
 Concord, N.H. and Burlington, Vt. leaves 9 Elm-st. every day 
 
 Concord, N. H. via Lowell, leaves Marlborough Hotel Men. 
 Wed. and Fri. at 7 a m, and arrives next day at 5 p m. 
 
 Concord, via Andover, leaves 9 Elm-st. Tues. Th. and Saf. 
 
 Concord, N. H. Mail, leaves 11 Elm-st. every morning ex- 
 cept Mon. at 7. 
 
 Concord, Hanover, Burlington, and Montreal and Quebec 
 Mail, leaves 11 Elm-st. ever}' morning except Sunday, at 7. 
 
 Concord, N. H. and Merrimack leaves 11 Elm-st. Monday, 
 Wed. and Fri. at half past Gam, and arrives Tues. Th. and 
 Sat. at 6 p m. 
 
 Concord Accom. leaves Brigham's 42 Hanover-st. Mon. 
 Wed. and Sat. at 3 p m, and arrives at 9 a m. 
 
 Charlestown Hourly, leaves 51 Bratlle-st. 
 
 Cambridge Hourly, leaves 51 Bratlle-st. 
 
 Cambridgeport Hourly, leaves 51 Brattle-st. 
 
 Canton, leaves Jenning's, 9 Elm-st. Mon. Tues. Thur.s. and 
 Sat. at 4 p m. 
 
 Dover, N. H. leaves 85 Ann-st. every morning except Sun- 
 day, at 8, and arrives at 4 p m. 
 
 Dorchester and South Boston, leaves 1.58 Washington-st. at 
 9 a m, and 2 and 6 p m. 
 
 Dorchester and Milton, leaves 11 Elm-st. every day, Sun. 
 ex. at half past 12, and 5 pm. 
 
 Dedham, leaves Jennings's, 9 Elm-st. dail}', at 4 p m, and 
 arrives at 9 a m. 
 
 Duxbury Mail, leaves City Tavern every day except Sun- 
 day, at 9 a m. 
 
 Dudley, leaves 34 Hanover-st. Tues. Th. and Sat. at 7 a m. 
 
 Fitchburgh, Filzwilliam, and Brattleborough Mail, leaves 
 Wilde's, 11 Elm-st. Tues. Th. and Sat. at 5 a m, and arrives 
 Mon. Wed. and Fri. at 6 pm. 
 
 Fitchburgh, Keene, N. H. and Rutland, Vt. leaves 11 Elni- 
 sl. every day except Saturda}', at 4 a m. 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTS— BOSTON. I4ll 
 
 Groton Accom. leaves Brigham's, Hanover-st. Tues. Th. 
 and Sat. at 9 a m, and Mon. Wed. and Sat. at 10 a m, and 
 arrives Mon. Wed. and Fri. at 4 p in. 
 
 Haverhill, Ms. Dover, N. H. and Portland, Maine, leaves 
 11 Eim-st. every day except Sunday, at lialf past 7, and ar- 
 rives at 6 p in. 
 
 Hyannis Mail, leaves City Tavern Mon. Wed. and Fridays, 
 at 3 a m. 
 
 Hopkinlon, N. H. leaves 11 Elm-st. Tues. Th. and Sat. at 
 7 am, and arrives Mon. Wed and Fri at 6 p m. 
 
 Hartford, leaves Wilde's, 11 Elm-st. every day except Sun- 
 day, at 4 a m, and arrives every evening ex. Sunday. 
 
 Hartford Daily Mail, every day except Sunday, from 34 
 Hanover-st. 
 
 Hartford, leaves 34 Hanover-st. Mon. Wed. and Fri. at 9 a 
 m, and arrives next days at 2 p m. 
 
 Hartford, leaves City Tavern daily except Sun. at 10 a m. 
 
 Haverhill and Andovcr Accom. leaves Wilde's, Elm-sl. 
 Mon. Wed. and Fri. at half past 2 p m, and arrives at ^ past 12. 
 
 HiiJirliam. leaves 9 Elm-st. every day except Sunday, at 4 
 p m, and arrives at 9 a in. 
 
 Jam.iica Plains leaves Norfolk avenue at 10 a m, and at 4 
 p m daily. 
 
 Keenc, N H. Mail, leaves Brigham's, 42 Hanover-s(. every 
 morning at 5, and arrives same evening. 
 
 Kecne, N. H., via Lowell, leaves 9 Elm-st. Tues. Th. and 
 Sat. at 5 a m. arrives following afternoon. 
 
 Lowell, Nashua, .■\mherst, N. H. and Francestown, leaves 
 Sufl'oUi and Marlhorough Hotels Tues.Th. and Sat. mornings 
 at 7, and ariives Mon. \\ed. and Fri. 
 
 Lowell, leaves 9 Elm-sl. every day except Sunday, at 7 and 
 Sam, and 2 and 3 pm. 
 
 Lancaster and Fitchburgh Accom. leaves City Tavern Tu. 
 Th. and Sat. mornings at 8, and arrives Mon. V/ed. and Fri. 
 at 2 p m. 
 
 Lynn and Saugas, leaves 9 Elm-st. daily at 4 p m. 
 
 Medfield, Medway, and Mendon, leaves 158 Washington- 
 st. and 11 Elm-st. Men. Wed. and Fri. at 6 a m, and arrives 
 next days at 5 p m. 
 
 Methuen, leaves City Tavern daily at 3 p m. 
 
 Medford, leaves 9 Elm-st. 9.^ a m, 12 m, and 6^ p m, and on 
 Sundays at 9 am. 
 
 Medford, leaves Wilde's, 11 Elm-st. every day except Sun. 
 at half past 12 and 6 pm. 
 
 Montreal, leaves Boston Mon. Wed. and Fri. mornings. 
 
 Marshtield. leaves Cily Tave.-n Tu. Th. and Sat. at 9 a m. 
 
 Marblehead, leaves Cily Tavern every day except Sun. at 
 half past 4 pm, and arrives at 10 a m. 
 16*- 
 
142 1\[ASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Nashua and Concord, N. H. Mail, leaves 11 Elm-st. Tues. 
 Th. and Sat. at 7 a m, and arrives Mon. Wed. and Fridays, 
 at 6 p m. 
 
 New-Bedford Accom. leaves City Tavern Mon. Wed. and 
 Fri. at 8 and half past 11am, and arrives ne.xt days. 
 
 New-Bedford Mail, via Taunton, leaves Marlboro' Hotel 
 Tues. Th. and Sat. mornings at half past 7 and half past 8, 
 and arrives Mon. Wed. and Fri. evenings. 
 
 Newport Mail, leaves Marlborough Hotel every day, Sun- 
 day excepted, at 7 a m, and arrives p m. 
 
 Newburyport, Exeter and Dover, N. H. Accom. leaves 85 
 Ann-st. every morning except Sunday, at half past 7, and ar- 
 rives at 6 p m. 
 
 Newburyport and Amesbury, leaves 85 Ann-st. every day 
 except Sunday, at I p m, and arrives at 1 p m. 
 
 Newton, Needham, Natick, Sherburne, Holliston, Milford, 
 Mendon, and Uxbridge Daily line, leaves Wilde's, 11 Elm-st. 
 Mon. Wed. and Fri. at 7 a m, and Tues. Th. and Sat. at half 
 past Ham. 
 
 New-York Mail, leaves .34 Hanover-st. every day at 10 p 
 m, arrives every day at 12 m. 
 
 Norwich Steamboat Line, leaves 11 Elm-st. Mon. and Th. 
 mornings at half past 3. 
 
 Plymoutii Accom. leaves City Tavern Tu. Th. and Sat. at 
 10 a m, and half past 12 p m. 
 
 Plymouth, Sandwich, and Barnstable Mail, leaves City 
 Tavern every morning except Sunday, at half past 6, arrives 
 p m. 
 
 Portland, Me. Mail, leaves Eastern Stage-House every day 
 at half past 4 p m, and arrives at 6 a m. 
 
 Portland, via Portsmouth, leaves 84 Ann-st. every morning 
 except Sun. at 8, and arrives at 5 p m. 
 
 Peterborough, N. H. leaves Elm-st. Tues. Th. and Sat. 
 mornings at 7, and arrives Mon. Wed. and Fri. at 4 p m. 
 
 Providence Citizen's Stage, leaves Marlborough Hotel eve- 
 ry morning at 5 and half past 6. Accom. Stage leaves every 
 week day at 12, and Sunday at half past 7 am. 
 
 Providence Union line, leaves Brigham's, 42 Hanover-st. 
 every week day at 5, and on Sunday at 9 a m. An Accom. 
 leaves same place every week day at 12 m. 
 
 Providence Trcmont Coaches, leave City Tavern and 
 Wash. Coffee-House every day at 5 a m, Sundays at 9. 
 
 Portsmouth Accom. leaves 84 Ann-st. every morning except 
 Sunda}', at half past 7, and arrives at 5 p m. 
 
 Quincy, leaves Jenning's, Elm-st. every day except Sun. 
 at 4 p m, and arrives at half past Sam. 
 
 Roxbury Hourly, from Norfolk avenue. 
 
 Salem Stage, leaves 1 1 Elm-st. daily, except Sundays, at 
 half past Sam and 4 pm. 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 14a 
 
 Salem, leaves 42 Hanover-st. daily, except Sunday, at halt' 
 past 9am and 4 pm, on Sunday' at half past 8. 
 
 Salem, leaves City Tavern and Marlborough Hotel dailv, 
 except Sunday, at 9 and 1 1 a m, and 3, 4, 5 and 6 pm. 
 
 Salem, leaves 9 and II Elm-st. every day, except Sunday, 
 at 3 and half past 4 p m. 
 
 Stow, Bolton, and Lancaster Accom. leaves 11 Elm-st. ev- 
 ery daj', except Sat. at 4 p ni. 
 
 South-Boston, leaves Mansion House, Milk-st. at 9 and 11 
 a m, and 1, 3 and G p m. 
 
 South-Reading-, leaves 11 Elm-st. daily, except Sunday, at 
 4 pm, arrives at 9 a m. 
 
 Taunton, leaves Marlborough Hotel everyday except Sun. 
 at 12 m, and 2 p m. Mail leaves at 5 a m. 
 
 Wayland and Rutland Mail, leaves 34 Hanover-street, 
 Tues. Th. and Sat. mornings at 8, and arrives Mon. Wed. and 
 Fri. at 4 p m. 
 
 Westborough, Centre, and Worcester Accom. leaves 34 
 Hanover-st. Tues. Th. and Sat. at 9 a m, arrives Mon. Wed. 
 and Fri. at 1 p m. 
 
 We>'mouth, Randolph and Braintree, leave Weymouth and 
 Randolph every day, Sundays excepted, at half past 6 a m — 
 r<nite at Quincy, and arrive at Boston same mornings :-^leave 
 Wildes's, Elm-st. same afternoons, at 4, for Braintree, Wey- 
 mouth and Randolph, through Dorchester and Quincy. 
 
 Woburn, leaves Jennings's, 9 Elm-st. Mon. Wed. and Sat. 
 at 4 p m, arrives same days at 9 a m. 
 
 Worcester Accom. leaves 34 Hanover-st. Mon. Wed. and 
 Fri. at 10 a m, and arrives Tues. Th. and Sat. at 1 p m. 
 
 Woonsocket Falls, R. L leaves Washington CofTee-House 
 Tues. Th. and Sat. at 12 m, arrives next days at 1 p m. 
 
 Canal and Steam Boats. 
 
 Middlesex Canal Packet Boat, leaves the landing, Charles- 
 town, Tues. Th. and Sat. at 8 a m. A stage leaves 9 Elm-st. 
 at half past 7 a m, to convey passengers to the boat. 
 
 Steamboat for Portsmouth, leaves Mon. Wed. and Fridays, 
 at 7 a m. 
 
 Hingham Steamboat, leaves Foster's wharf daily, except 
 Sunday, at 9 a m, and 3 p m. 
 
 Steamboat Bangor leaves Lewis's wharf Sat. at 5 p m, for 
 Portland and Bangor, and for Portland every Thursday at 5 
 p m. 
 
 Steamboat Macdonough leaves Foster's wharf for Portland, 
 Mondays and Fridays at 5 p m, and Portland, Mondays and 
 Thursdays at 7 p m. 
 
 A steamboat leaves Boston for Nahant daily. 
 
144 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY 
 
 Baggage Wagons. 
 
 Fall River and Newport, arrives every Wed. and Sat. in 
 the morning, and leaves in the afternoon of the same days. 
 Order box at City Tavern. 
 
 Greenfield order box at Gity Tavern. 
 
 Hubbardstown order box at oi N. Market. 
 
 Haveihill, Andover, and Boston Baggage Wagon, arrives 
 Tues. and Fri. and leaves the same days. Order box at 
 Leavitt's 8i Ann-slreet. 
 
 Lynn arrives and leaves every day. Order box 52 North 
 Market-street. 
 
 New-Bedford, arrives every Wed. and Fri. and leaves eve- 
 ry Th. and Sat. Order box at City Tavern. 
 
 Northampton, leaves every Monday'. Order box at Brig- 
 ham's. Union-street, and 74 State-street. 
 
 Providence, arrives and leaves every week day. Order 
 box at City Tavern. 
 
 Salem, arrives and leaves every day, Sundays excepted. 
 Order box at I.eavlti's and City Tavern. 
 
 Salem and Marblchead, arrives and leaves every day; also 
 leaves for Newbury port, through Tpswich and Rowley, Wed. 
 and Sat. Order box 81- Ann-street. 
 
 South-Reading order box at 52. N. Market. 
 
 Taunton and Bristol, arrives and leaves every week day. 
 Order box at City Tavorn 
 
 Wareham, arrives Wednesdays and leaves Thursdays. 
 Order box at City Tnv.trn. 
 
 Fires. 
 
 Boston, in common with all large towns whicli are chiefly 
 built of wood, has suiVercd very much by lire. Fifty 3ears ng<i 
 the buildings in the town were principally of that material ; l.'iit 
 by efficient measures adopted by the citizens, particularly the 
 law of 1S0.3, prohibiting the construction ol wooden buildings of 
 a greater height than 10 feet, a large portion of the old budd- 
 ings ha\e been taken down, and their places, with thousands 
 of others on new sites, now present to that destr\utive cle- 
 ment solid w.Tllsof brick and stone. A few of the most mem- 
 orable fires are here given. In October 171 1 , a fire broke out 
 in Williams' Court and destroyed most of the buildings on 
 both sides of Cornhill, I'rom School-street to Market square. 
 On the 20Ui of .March 1760, 174 dwelling-houses, 173 ware- 
 houses, shops, &c. were burnt. This fire was in the centre of 
 the town, (Cornhill, State and Congress-streets to Fort Hill,) 
 and the amount of property consumed, was estimated at 
 £100,000 sterling. A pril 24, 1787, a fire commenced in Beach 
 street, and extending "outh, destroyed about fiO H"'/^ll:-,~. 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 145 
 
 houses, 40 other buildings, and the church in Hollis-street. 
 July 30, 1794. Seven rope-walks between Pearl and Atkin- 
 son-streets, and about 90 other buildings in that neighborhood 
 were destroyed. Loss estimated at more than 5-00,000. 
 
 On the '3d of November, 1818, the Boston Exchange Coffee- 
 Ilonse, in Congress-square, was destroyed liy fire. This 
 building covered 12,7.5.'> feet of land. It was 7 stories high, 
 and from the floor to the top of the dome was 83 feet. It con- 
 tained 210 apartments, and cost about half a million dollars. 
 The conflagration occurred in the evening, and the sight was 
 awlully sublime. 
 
 On the 7ili of JuUs 1824, at noon, (the wind blowing^almost 
 a gale) 15 costly dwelling-houses were burnt, on Beacon, 
 Charles and Chcsnut-streets. 
 
 A very destructive fire commenced on Doane-street, April 
 7th, 1824, when 53 large ware-houses, in that part of the city, 
 with a great amount of merchandize, were destroyed. 
 
 A number of buildings, containing about 35 lawyers' offices, 
 and 20 stores and shops, on Court-st. were burnt, Nov. 10, 1825. 
 
 During the last five years, there were 226 fires — the amount 
 of property destroyed was ^274,278 :— of which ^140,943 
 was insured. The most destructive fires were in 1333. In 
 that year 71 fires occurred, ^89,970 value of property was 
 destroyed, of which §57,040 was insured. 
 
 The present Fire Department was organized in 1826. It is 
 always in the most perfect slate of preparation for service. 
 Attached to this department are 20 engines, 16,000 feet of 
 hose, 21 ladders. 18 hooks, 27 carriages, 800 buckets, 13 En- 
 gineers, and 1?43 firemen. By the most powerful of these 
 engines, with 250 feet of hose, water can be thrown over the 
 grasshoppfr, on the cupola of Faneuil Hall, 84 feet above 
 the pavement. 
 
 Healtb. 
 
 To judge of the health of a city we must compare its bills 
 of mortalil}', for a scries of years, with those of some other 
 city. We have ever believed that the climate of Boston, and 
 of New-England generally, was as conducive to health as any 
 portion of our country ; but having heard it often asserted 
 that the climate of Boston was more favorable to some dis- 
 eases, particularly those of a pulmonary character, or what 
 is commonly called consunvption, than that of our sister city 
 New- York, we herewith give the authenticated bills of mor- 
 tality of each city for five successive years, with the number 
 of deaths by some of the most prevalent diseases in each, 
 whereby, those who desire it, may judge of the comparative 
 health of both. The population of Boston, in J830, was 
 <il.391_of New-York, 202,589— a fraction less than 3 1-3 in 
 New-York to 1 in Boston. From 1820 to 18.30, the averasre 
 
146 
 
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 I ..AS 
 
 Water. 
 
 The subject of pure water for all the various uses of life 
 has ever been one of the first and most important considera- 
 tions wilh settlers in all countries. It frequently liappens that 
 those places most suitable for commerre are the least favora- 
 ble to the ready acquirement of that indispensable element ; 
 consequently the ingenuity and skill of man have devised and 
 executed those stupendous aqueducts, and tanks or reservoir.s, 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 14t 
 
 bolh in ancient and modern times, which have made some of 
 the most desolate parts of the globe tiie greatest marts of 
 trade and the most splendid cities. Governor Winthrop and 
 his associates located themselves at Charleslnwn, and would 
 have continued there had not the waters of Skawmut been 
 more agreeable to their tastes. Their change of situation, on 
 that account, is no compliment to their chemical knowledge, 
 for the waters of Charlesiown are decidedly the best. Possi- 
 bly " the magic of a name" might have influenced them ; for 
 Shawmut, in the Indian language, is said to mean " springs of 
 living waters." 
 
 An analysis of some of the waters of Boston has recently 
 been made by Dr. Charles T. Jackson, and in a letter, dated 
 August 28, rS34, to Mr. Baldwin, lie says — 
 
 " 1 hope to be able to furnish you with analyses of the dif- 
 ferent well waters of the city, by which it will appear that we 
 are in the habit of drinking several salts in considerable quan- 
 tities, which must have deleterious effects on the human con- 
 stitution. I will now only observe that one of the best speci- 
 mens of clear well water from Bowdoin-street, yields 3.6 grs. 
 of the salts of Sulphate of Lime, Muriate of Soda, and 
 Muriate of Lime, to the pound of water. The well is 30 feet 
 deep and is situate high up on the side of the hill. I have 
 also examined the water of the well at my residence No. 11. 
 Hanover-street. The well is 40 feet deep and the water 
 stands about 10 feet from the surface. This water gives 7.5 
 grains of the above salts to the pound of water; although the 
 taste of the water is not unpleasant to those who have been 
 accustomed to it. It must however be prejudicial to the 
 health, when we consider diat several pounds of it are drank 
 by each person in the course of a day. 
 
 " I have made examinations of the water of several other 
 wells of the city, but have not kept notes of the quantities of 
 matter they contain. I ain satisfied, however, that there are 
 wells, whose waters are infinitely worse than those I have men- 
 tioned, which have the reputation of being good water, al- 
 though they contain noxious matter." 
 
 The City Council, with a laudable zeal for the welfare of 
 the citizens, passed a vote, April 14, 1834, which provides 
 that a committee be appointed " with authority to cause a sur- 
 vey to be made by competent persons for the purpose of as- 
 certaining whether a steady and copious supply of pure and 
 sot't water can be obtained, and also what will be the best 
 mode and the cost of introducing such supply of water into 
 the city, and that the said committee report to the City Coun- 
 cil the result of the survey as soon as completed." 
 
 Loammi Baldwin, Esq. of Boston, an eminent engineer, 
 was appointed to make a survey and report upon the subject. 
 
I4R MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Mr. Baldwin, in his report, dated Octo!)cr 1, 1C34, states thai 
 there are 2,767 wells in the city ; — of which number 2,085 
 are drinkable, and 682 bad : and that only 7 of the whole 
 number are occasionally used for washing. Of the wells in 
 Boston Mr. Baldwin says — 
 
 " All the dug or Artesian wells of Boston, are in strata of. 
 different materials in very irregular position, so that whatever 
 may be the success in making one well, no certain result can 
 be predicated upon another trial at a short distance from the 
 first. The wells in town are polluted by the dirty water at 
 the surface being absorbed, settling and mingling with the 
 veins below ; or are adulterated by mixture with little streams 
 of sea-water. That the latter case frequently occurs is very 
 natural, as can be illustrated by the following facts. 
 
 " In excavating in hard compact gravel mixed with some 
 clay, for the foundation of the Dry Dock in Charlestown Navy 
 Yard, at the depth of about 40 feet, they came to a small 
 spring of fresh water on the S W. side next the ship-house, a 
 few feet outside the exterior line of masonry. This became 
 valuable and convenient to use in the mortar. But it was 
 necessary also to separate it from another spring of salt water 
 which arose within a few feet of il. This was done by sink- 
 ing a hogshead and puddling it all round with clay to preserve 
 it pure. In this way fresh water was furnished from this little 
 spring for making mortar throughout the whole work, and no 
 other fresh water was used. Had any one attempted to dig a 
 well from the surface on this spot he might have hit the salt 
 instead of the fresh source, or both, and his well be good for 
 nothing. So on the opposite side of excavation, near the 
 head of the dock, where the hard gravel stood perpendicular 
 for 30 feet, two similar springs issued from the side 20 feet 
 from the surface, within a few feet of each other, one of which 
 was of beautiful pure water, frequently drank by workmen, 
 and the other was salt as sea-water. The same geological 
 phenomena doubtless exist in most parts of Boston, where the 
 same kinds of strata are found in well-digging." 
 
 The Boston Aqueduct Corporation commenced operations 
 for conveying water into the city from Jamaica Pond, in Rox- 
 bury, in 179.5. The distance from Boston to the Pond is four 
 miles, and the number of feet of logs laid in the city is 72,000, 
 or about 18 miles. The greatest quantity of water that can 
 be supplied from this source is 50,000 gallons daily, and the 
 greatest height it can be raised in the city is 49 feet above 
 lide-water. (The quantity of water used in Philadelphia, with 
 a population of about 200,000, is between two and three 
 million gallons daily.) 
 
 After procuring a survey of all the waters in the vicinity of 
 Boston, adapted to the purpose, Mr. Baldwin is of opinion 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 149 
 
 that Farm and Shaki/m Ponds, in Fi-amingham, together with 
 incidental ones dependent on them, and Zo;?^ Po?/rf in Natick, 
 are best suited to the object. The above ponds cover 885 
 acres. Mr. B. proposes to bring the water in a close stone 
 aqueduct to a reservoir in Roxbury, 2 3-4 miles distant from 
 Boston, and 110 feet above marsh level. Tl)is source would 
 supply 5,000,000 gallons daily, if required, at an estimated 
 expense of ^750,000. The distance from the nearest waters 
 of these ponds to the proposed reservoir, is 22 miles. 
 
 Tlie citizSns of New-York, with a laudable regard to their health 
 and lives, are about supplying themselves with pure water from the 
 Crotan river, in Weslchester county, a distance of 41 miles north of 
 the city. Their plan is to cany the waters of that river, in a covered 
 aqueduct, to Murray's Hill. 3 miles from the City Hall, and from 
 ihenoe to distribute it throughcut the city in iron pipes. 1'ho total 
 e.itpense for bringing t'lc water to Murray's Hill and laying l(i7 miles 
 of pipes in the city, is estimated at about five millions and a half of 
 dollars. It is estimated that tiie Crotan can supply thiity million 
 gallons daily. The price to each family, of common size, will be 
 $8pprann. The annual revenue to the city, when the works are 
 completed, is cmnputed at $310,516. The declination from Crotan 
 river to Murray's Hill, is 15 inches a mile. Bliirray's Hill is about 7 
 feet higher than the loof of the iiighest building in the city. 
 
 Present Improvements. 
 
 Perhaps at no perio<l since the settlement of Boston has its 
 prosperity been so flattering as at the present time. It is true 
 that iJoston increased in population and wealth with great ra- 
 pidity tluring the wars in Europe, from 1794 to 1807. But 
 that growth was unnatural and contingent ; — it depended sole- 
 ly on the caprice of the belligerent powers, who viewed us 
 rather as servants to their i\eccasities, than with respect. 
 
 'i'he present state of things is altogether different. The 
 world is at peace. We look for no besieged city to supply 
 with bread, neither do we seek to run the gauntlet of a block- 
 ading squadron to furnish a starving country with the growth 
 and produce of its own colonies. We now rely on our own 
 resources — agriculture and manufactures, and commerce with 
 all nations with whom we can exchange our commodities at 
 fair prices. So long as we are blessed with union, good 
 institutions and good laws, our city, under Providence, will 
 continue on in the forward path to jirosperity and happiness. 
 
 The location of Boston always gave it the command of a 
 greater coasting trade than any other port on the American 
 continent ; but the great arteries to an immense, wide-spread 
 and rapidly increasing interior commerce were never opened 
 until the railroads to the north, the west, and the south wec<? 
 17 
 
constructed and in operation. By these devices of human wis- 
 dom, and by the continuance of the two former — crossing- the 
 waters of our own Connecticut to the noble Hudson, and 
 piercing the centre of a large and fertile country, to the outlet 
 of the great western Oceans on the banks of the >t. Lawrence, 
 Boston, wilh its enterprise and capital cannot fail of sustain- 
 ing a fair and successful competition for this trade, with any 
 city on the American continent. 
 
 With those prospects of permanent and increasing prosper- 
 ity, the Bostonians are fearlessly investing their capital in 
 building up and embellishing their cily. Theie is scarcely a 
 street in the city where the hand of improvement is not seen. 
 Among the various improvements now in progress, we shall 
 mention only one. The splendid estate of the laie Gardner 
 Green, Esq. extending from Tremont to Somerset-streets, with 
 the adjoining estates of the late Dr. Lloyd and William H. 
 Bordman, Esq., have recently been purchased by three enter- 
 prizing individuals. These estates comprize 133,797 square 
 feet of land, and embrace the summit of the ancient Trimoun- 
 tain. The hill is now being taken down, and the silo grad- 
 uated on each side for the construction of superb blocks of 
 buildings. This will form a continuation of Slate and Court- 
 streets. The summit of this hill is 70 feet above Tremnnt- 
 strect. It comprises 7,1.55,000 cubic feet, or more than 400,- 
 000 tons of earth, which will probably be removed by midsum- 
 mer. 'I'his hill is supposed to have been an Indian cemetery. 
 
 Antiquities. 
 
 The following is an account of the first visit of the English 
 at Plymouth, to Boston harbor, in the words of one of the party. 
 
 " It seemed good to the company m general, that though the 
 Massachusetts, (a tribe of Indians,) had often threatened us, 
 (as we were informed) yai we should go amongst them, parity 
 to see the country, partly to make peace with them, and partly 
 to procure their truck. For these ends the governours chose 
 ten men, fit for the purpose, and sent Tisquanlum, and two 
 other savages, to bring us to speech with the people, and in- 
 terpret for us. 
 
 " [On the 18th of September, 1521, being Tuesday] we set 
 out about midnight, the tide then serving for us ; we, supposing 
 it to be nearer than it is, thought to be there the next morning 
 betimes: but it proved well near iwenly leagues from New- 
 Plymouih. We came into the bottom of the bay, but being 
 late we anchored and lay in ihe shallop, not having seen any 
 of the people. The next morning we put in \'ot the shore. 
 There we found many lobsters, that had been gathered to- 
 gether by the savages, which we made ready under a cliff. 
 (Copp's hill ill Boston ) The captain sent two sentinels behind 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 151 
 
 ?Vic rliff, to the landward, to secure the shallop, ami taking 
 a guide with him, and (our of onr company went to seek the in- 
 Jiahilaiits, where tiiey met a woman coming lor her lobsters 5 
 they told her of ihcni and contented iier for them. She 
 told tliem where the people were : Tisqnantum went to them : 
 the rest returned, having direction which way to bring the 
 shallop to ttirm. 
 
 " The sachem, or governour of this place, is called Obba- 
 tinewat, and thougli he live in liie bottom of the Massacliuset 
 Hay, yet he is uncler Massasoyt. He used us very kindly ; 
 Jie told us he durst not remain in an^' settled place, for fear of 
 the Tarentincs * Also the squaw sachem or Massachusets 
 queen was an enemy to him. We told him of divers sachems 
 that had acknowledged themselves to be king James his men, 
 and if he also woidd submit himself, we would be his safe- 
 guard from his enemies ; whicli he did, and went along with 
 us to bring us to the squaw sachem. 
 
 " Again we crossed the bay, which is verj' large and hath 
 at least fifty islands in it, but the certain number is not known 
 to the inhabitants. Night it was before we came to that side of 
 
 the bay where this people were, that night also we rid at 
 
 anchor aboard the shallop. On the morrow we went ashore 
 all but two men, and marched in arms up the country. Hav- 
 ing gone three miles, we < ame to a place where corn had been 
 newly gathered, a house ))ulled down, and the people gone. 
 A mile from hence, Nane|)ashemet their king in his lije time. 
 had lived. His house was not like others, but a scaflbld was 
 largely built, with poles and planks, some six foot from 
 ground and the house upon that, being situated on the top of 
 a hill. 
 
 " Not far from hence, in n bottom, we came to a fort built 
 by their deceased king, the manner thus : there were poles 
 some thirty or forty feet long, stuck in the ground as thick as 
 they could be set one by another, and with these they enclo- 
 sed a ring some forty or fifty feet over. A trendi breast high 
 was digged on each side : one way there was to go into it 
 ■with a bridge. In the midst of this palisado stood the frame 
 of an house, wherein being dead he lay buried. 
 
 " About a mile from hence we came to such another, but 
 seated on the top of an hill; here Nanepashemel was killed, 
 none dwelling in it since the lime of his death. At this place 
 w(! staid, and sent two savages to look the inhabitants, and to 
 inform them of our ends in coming, that they might not be 
 learful of us. Within a mile of this place they found the 
 women of the place together, with their corn on heaps, whith- 
 er we supposed tlicm to be fled for fear of us. and the more, 
 because in divers places they had newly pulled down their 
 
 *The Eastern Indians. 
 
152 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 houses, and for haste in one place had left some of their corn, 
 covered with a mat, and nobody with it. 
 
 " \\ iih much fear tiiey entertained us at first, but seeing cur 
 gentle carriage towards them, they took heart and entertained 
 us in the best manner they could, l)oiliiig cod and such other 
 things as they had lor us. At leng'.h. wilii much sending for, 
 came one of their men, shaking and trembling for fear. But 
 when he saw that we intendeil them no hurt, but came to 
 truck, he promised us with his skins also. Of him we inquired 
 for their queen ; but it seemed she was far from thence, at 
 least we coukl not see her. Here Tisquanlum would have 
 had us rifled the savage women, and taken their skins, and all 
 such things as might be serviceable for us : for, (said he) they 
 are a bad people, and have oft threatened you : but our 
 answer was, were they never so bad, we would not wrong 
 them, or give them any just occasion against us; for their 
 words, we little weighed them, but if they once attempted any 
 thing against us, then we would deal far worse than he desired. 
 Having well spent the day, we returned to the shallop, almost 
 all the women accompanying us to the shore. W'c promised 
 ihem to come again to them, and they us to keep their skins. 
 
 "Within this bay the savages say there are two rivers; 
 the one whereof we saw, having a fair entrance, but we had 
 no time to discover it. Better harbours for shipping cannot 
 be than here are. At the entrance of the bay are many 
 rocks ; and in all likelihood good lishing ground, fliany, yea, 
 most of the islands have been inhabited, some being cleared 
 from end to end, but the people are all dead or removed. 
 Our victual growing scarce, the wind coming fair, and having 
 a light moon, we set out at evening, and through the good- 
 ness of God, came safely home belbre noon the day follow- 
 ing, with a considerable quantily of beaver and a good re- 
 port of the place, wishing we had been seated there." 
 
 Boston and its neigliborhood were thus described by Wil- 
 liam Wood, 202 years ago : 
 
 " First I will begin with the outmost plantation in the 
 patent, to the southward, which is called Wichaguscussel 
 [Weymouth.] This is but a small village, 3'ct it is well tim- 
 bered and hath good store of hay ground. — Three miles to the 
 north of this is Mount Wolasion, a very fertile soil, and a 
 place very convenient for farmers' houses, there being great 
 store of plain ground, without trees. — Six miles farther to the 
 north lieth Dorchester, which is the greatest town in New- 
 England, well wooded and watered, ver}' good arable and 
 hay grounds. The inhabitants of this town were the first that 
 set upon the trade of fishing in the bay — A mile from this 
 lieth Roxbury which is a fair and handsome country town ; 
 the inhabitants of it being all very rich : a clear liesh brook 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 153 
 
 runs through the town, and a quarter of a mile to the north is 
 a small river called Sioiiy River, upon which is built a water 
 mill. Up westward it is sonietlilng rocky, whence it halli the 
 name ol Roxbiiry. Here is no haihour lor ships, because (he 
 Sown is seated in the bottom of a shallow bay ; which Is made 
 l)v the neck of land on whiih Boston is built, so that they can 
 transport all tlieir goods from the ships in boats from Boston, 
 which is the nearest harbour. 
 
 " I his harbor is made by a great company of islands, whose 
 higli cliffs shoulder out the boisterous seas; yet may easily 
 deceive any unskillul pilot; presenting man)' fair openings 
 and broad sounds; which aftord too shallow water for ships, 
 ihou;;li navigable for boats and pinnaces. It is a safe and 
 pleasant harbour within, having but one common and safe 
 entrance, and that not very broad ; there scarce being room 
 for three sijips to come in board and board at a time ; but 
 being once in, there i.~ room for the anchorage of 500 ships. 
 The seamen having spent their old store of wood and water, 
 may here have fresii supplies from the adjacent Islands, with 
 good timiier to repair their weather beaten ships. 
 
 "Boston is two miles N.E. of Ro.\bury. Its situation is 
 verv pleasant, being a peninsula hemmed in on the south side 
 by the bay of Ro.-ibury, and on the north side, with Charles 
 river, t!ie marshes on the back-side, being not half a quarter of 
 a mile over ; so that a little fencing will secure their cattle 
 iiom the wolves. 'I'hose that live licre upon their cattle, must 
 be constrained to take farms in the country, or else they can- 
 not subsist ; the phice being too small to contain many, and 
 littest for such as can trade into England, for such commodi- 
 ties as the country wants, being the chief place for- shipping 
 and merchandize. 
 
 " 'I'his neck of land is not above four miles in compass, in 
 form almost square, having on the south side at one corner, a 
 great broad hill, whereon IS planied a fort, which can com- 
 mand-any ship, as she sails into the liarbour wilhin the still 
 bay. On the north side is another hill, equal in bigness, 
 whereon stands a windmill. 'I'o the northwest is a high moun- 
 tain, with three little rising hills on the top of it, wherefore il 
 it is called the TnimouTii. 
 
 " From the lop of this mountain, a man may overlook all 
 the islands which lie wilhin the bay, and descry such ships as 
 are on the sea coast. 
 
 ' 'I'his town although it he neither the greatest nor the rich- 
 est, yet is the most noted and frequented, being the centre of 
 the plantations, where the monthly courts are kept. Here 
 likewise dwells the Governour. 'I his place hath very good 
 laud affording rich cornfields and fruitful gardens, having 
 iikewnse sweet and pleasant springs*. The innabitanis of tliis 
 
154 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY, 
 
 place, for their ei)largeir.em, have taken to themselves farm- 
 houses in a place called Muddy River, [Brookline] two miles 
 from the town, where there is good ground, large timber, and 
 store of marsh land and meadow. In this place ihey keep their 
 swine and other cattle in the summer, whilst the corn is in the 
 ground at Boston, and bring them to town in ihe winter. 
 
 " Newtown (Cambridge) is one of the nealest and best 
 compacted towns in New England, having many fair struc- 
 tures, with man}' handsome contrived streets : the inhabitants 
 most of them are very rich. — Half a mile westward of this is 
 Watertown, a place nothing inferior for land, wood, meadows 
 and water to Newtown. Within half a mile of this town is a 
 great pond which is divided between the two towns, and 
 divides their bounds to the northward. Both towns are on 
 the north side of the river Charles. 
 
 " On the same side of that river is Charlostown, which is 
 another neck of land, on whose north side runs M3'stick river. 
 At this town there is kept a ferry boat to convey passengers 
 over Charles river, which between the banks is a quarter of a 
 mile over, being a very deep channel. Up higher is a broad 
 bay, being above two miles between the shores, into which 
 run Stony river and Muddy river. Towards the southwest iu 
 the midst of this bay is a great oyster bank : towards the 
 northeast is a great creek, upon whose shore is situated a 
 small village [Included within the bounds of Charlestown.] 
 At the bottom of this bay, the river begins to be narrower, 
 being but half a quarter of a mile broad. 
 
 " The ne.xt town isMystick [MedfordJ whic'i is three miles 
 from Charlestown by land, and a league and a half bj' water. 
 It is seated by the water side very pleasantly ; there arc not 
 many houses as yet. On the west side of this river the Gov- 
 ernour hath a farm, where he keeps most of his cattle. On 
 the east side is Mr. Craddocks plantation, where he hath a 
 park impaled and keeps his cattle, till he can store it with 
 deer. Here likewise he is at charges of building ships. The 
 last year one was upon the stocks of an hundred tons ; that 
 being' finished they are to build one of twice her builhen. 
 
 "The last town in the still bay is Winnesimet [Chelsea,] a 
 very sweet place for situation ; it is within a mile of Charles- 
 town, the river only parting them. 
 
 " The next plantation is Saujjus [including L3'nn] si.x miles 
 northeast from Winnesimet. This town is pleasant for situation, 
 seated at the bottom of a bay, which is n)ade <ni one side with 
 the surrounding shore, and on Ihe other side with a long sandy 
 beach, which is two miles long to the end, whereon is a neck 
 of land called Nahant. Upon the south side of the sandy 
 beach the sea beateth, which is a true prognostication, to pre- 
 sage storms and foul weather, and the breaking up of the 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 155 
 
 frost : for when a storm hath been or is likely to be it will roar 
 like thunder, so as to be heard six miles. " 
 
 Boston was described by Johnson in his '•' Wonder Work- 
 injr Providence, '' about the year 1G63, in the following 
 Avords : — 
 
 •' fnvironed it is with brinish floods, saving one small Istmos, 
 which gives free access to the neighboring towns by land, on 
 the south side, on the northwest and northeast. Two constant 
 fairs are kept for daily trafique thereunto. The form of this 
 town is like a heart, naturally situated for fortifications, having 
 two hills on the frontier part thereof next tlie sea, the one well 
 fortified on the superficies thereof, with store of great artillery 
 well mounted. The other hath a very strong battery built of 
 whole timber, and filled with earth ; at the descent of the hill, 
 in the extreme poynt thereof betwixt these two strong arms 
 lies a cove or bay, on which the chief part of this town is 
 built, overtopped with a third hill 3 all these like overtopping 
 towers, keep a constant watch to see the approach of foreign 
 dangers, being furnished with a beacon and loud babbling 
 guns to give notice by their redoubled echo to all the sister 
 towns, i'he chief edifice of this city-like town is crowded 
 on the sea-banks, and wharfed out with great labour and cost ; 
 the buildings beautiful and large, some fairly set forth with 
 brick tile, stone and slate, ancl orderly placed with semely 
 streets, whose continual enlargement presageth some sump- 
 tuous city. But now behold the admirable acts of Christ, at 
 this his people's landing; the hideous thickets in this place 
 were such that wolves and bears nurst up their young from the 
 eyes of all beholders, in those very places where the streets 
 are full of girls and boys, sporting up and down with continu- 
 ed concourse of people. Good store of shipping is here 
 yearly built, and some very fair ones. Tliis town is the very 
 mart of the land ; Dutch, French, and Portugalls come here to 
 trafique. " 
 
 City Charter. 
 
 As the citizens of many large towns in New-England con- 
 template the adoption of city forms of government, and as the 
 construction and character of city charters are not generally 
 understood, we herewith give the Boston charter in full : — 
 
 An Act esiahlishin^ the City of Boston, Feb. 23, 1822. 
 
 Sect. 1. Be it enacted by the Se7iate and House of 
 Kepreseniatives, in General Court assembled, and by the au- 
 thority of the same, That the inhabitants of the town of Bos- 
 ton, for all purposes, for which towns are by law incorporated 
 ill this Commonwealth, shall continue to be one body politic, 
 
15C MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 in fact and in name, under the style and denomination of the 
 City of Boston, and as sucli, shall have, exercise, and enjoy, 
 all ihe rights, immunities, powers, and privileges, and shall be 
 subject to all the duties and obligations, now incumbent upon, 
 and apperldining to said town, as a municipal corporation. And 
 the adminisiration of all the fiscal, prudential, and municipal 
 concerns of said city, with the conduct and government there- 
 of, shall be vested in one principal oflHcer, to be styled the 
 Mayor, one select council, consisting of eight persons, to be 
 denominated die Board of Aldermen, and one more numerous 
 council to consist of forty-eight persons to be denominated die 
 Common Council ; which boards, in iheir joint capacity, shall 
 be denominated the Ciiy Council, together with such other 
 board of oIKcers, as are herein after specified. 
 
 Sect, 2. Be it farther enacted, That it shall be the 
 duty of the Selectmen of Boston, as soon as may be, after the 
 passing of this act, to cause a new division of the said town to 
 be made into twelve wards, in such manner as to include an 
 equal number of inhabitants in each ward, as nearly as con- 
 veniently may be, consistently with well defined limits to each 
 ward ; including, in such computation of numbers of inhabitants, 
 persons of all descriptions, and taking the last census, made 
 under the authority of the United States, as a basis for such 
 computation. And it shall be in the power of the City Coun- 
 cil, herein after mentioned, from time to time, not oftener than 
 once in ten years, to alter such divisions of wards, in such 
 a manner as to preserve, as nearly as may be, an equal num- 
 ber of inhabitants in each ward. 
 
 Sect. 3, Be it further enacted, That on the second 
 Monday of ^ April,' [altered to December — See page 170,] an- 
 nually, the citizens of said ciiy, qualilied to vote in city af- 
 fairs, shall meet together within their respective wards, at 
 such time and place, as the Mayor and Aldermen, may by 
 their warrant, direct and appoint; and the said citizens shall 
 then choose by ballot one Warden and one Clerk, who shall 
 be resident in said ward, who shall hold their offices for ono 
 year, and until others shall be appointed in their stead. And 
 it shall be the duty of such Warden to preside at all meetings 
 of the citizens of such ward, to preserve order therein; and 
 it shall be the duty of such Clerk to make a fair and true 
 recnrd, and keep an e.xact journal of all the acts and votes of 
 the citizens, at such ward meetings; to deliver over such 
 records and journals, together with all other documents and 
 papers held by him, in his said capacity, to his successor in 
 such office. And if, at the opening of any annual meeting, 
 the Warden of such ward should not be present, the Clerk of 
 such ward shall call the citizens to order, and preside at such 
 meeting uutil a Warden shall be chosea by ballot. And if, 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 157 
 
 at any other meeting', the Warden shall be absent, the Clerk, 
 in such case, shall so preside, until a Moderator or Warden 
 •pro tempore, shall be chosen ; which maj' be done by nomina- 
 tion and hand vote, if the Clerk so direct. At such meeting 
 also, five inspectors of elections shall be chosen for such 
 ward, bcinEf residents tlicrein, by ballot, to hold their offices 
 for one year. And it shall be the duly of the Warden and 
 Inspectors, in each wards to receive, sort, count and declare 
 ail votes, at all elections within such ward. And the Warden, 
 Clerk, and Inspectors, so chosen, shall respectively be under 
 oath, faithfully and impartially to discharge their several du- 
 ties, relative to all elections; which oath may be administered, 
 by the Clerk of such ward, to the V\'arden, and by the latter 
 to the Clerk and Inspectors, or by any Justice of the Peace of 
 the count)' of Suffolk ; and a certificate of such oath's having 
 been administered shall be entered in the record or journal, to 
 be kept b}- the Clerk of such ward. 
 
 Sect. 4. Be it further enacted, That the Warden, or 
 other presiding officer of such ward meeting, shall have full 
 power and authority to preserve order and decorum therein, 
 and to repress all riotous, tumultuous, and disorderly conduct 
 therein, and for that purpose to call to his aid, any constable, 
 or other peace officer, and also to command the aid and as- 
 sistance of any citizen or citizens, who may be present ; and 
 any peace officer, or other citizen, neglecting or refusing to 
 afford such aid, shall be taken and deemed to be guilty of a 
 misdemeanor. And such Warden shall also have power and 
 authority, by warrant, under his hand, to cause any person or 
 persons who shall be guilty of any riotous, tumultuous, or dis- 
 orderly conduct at such meeting, to be taken into custody, and 
 restrained : Provided, however. That such restraint shall not 
 continue after the adjournment or dissolution of such meeting : 
 And Provided, further, That the person, so guilty of such 
 disorderly conduct, shall be liable, notwithstanding such re- 
 straint, to be prosecuted and punished, in the same manner, 
 as if such arrest had not been made. 
 
 Sect. 5. Be it further enacted, That the citizens of said 
 city, qualified to vote in city affairs, at their respective ward 
 meetings, to be held on the second Monday in ' April' [alter- 
 ed to December — See page 170,] annually, shall be called upon 
 to give in their votes for one able and discreet person, being 
 an inhabitant of the city, to be the Mayor of said city, for the 
 term of one year. And all the votes so given in, in each ward, 
 being sorted, counted, and declared by the Warden and In- 
 spectors of elections shall be recorded at large, by the Clerk, 
 in open ward meeting : and in making such declaration and 
 record, the whole number of votes or ballots, given in, shall 
 be distinctly stated, together with the name of every person 
 
158 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 voted for, and the number of votes given for each person re- 
 spectively ; such numbers to be expressed in words at length ; 
 and a transcript of such record certified and authenticated by 
 the Warden, Clerk, and a majority of the Inspectors of elec- 
 tions for each ward, shall forthwith be transmitted or delivered 
 by such ward Clerk, to the Clerk of the city. And it shall be 
 the duly of the City Clerk, forthwith to enter such returns, or 
 a plain and intelligible abstract of them, as they are succes- 
 sively received, upon the journal of the proceedings of the 
 Mayor and Aldermen, or some other book to be kept for that 
 purpose. And it shall be the duty of the Mayor and Alder- 
 men to meet together, within two days after .such election, and 
 to examine and compare all the said returns, and to ascertain 
 whether any person has a majority of all the voles given for 
 Ufayor; and in case a majority is so given, it shall be their 
 duty to give notice thereof, in writing, to the person thus elect- 
 ed, and also to make the same known to the inhabitants of 
 said city. But if, on such an examination no person appears 
 to have a majority of all the votes given for Mayor, the Mayor 
 and Aldermen for the time being, shall issue their warrants for 
 meetings of the respective wards, (or the choice of a Mayor, 
 at such time and ])lace, as they shall judge most convenient; 
 And the same proceedings shall be had in all respects, as are 
 herein before directed, until a Mayor shall be chosen by a ma- 
 jority of all the voters, voting at such elections. And in case 
 of the decease, inability, or absence of the Mayor, and the 
 same being declared and a vote passed by the Aldermen and 
 Common Council, respectively, declaring such cause, and die 
 expediency of electing a Mayor, for the time being, to supply 
 the vacancy thus occasioned, it shall he lawful for the Alder- 
 men and Common Council to meet in convention, and elect a 
 Mayor to hold the said office until such occasion shall be re- 
 moved, or until a new election. [See pas^e 171.] 
 
 Sect. 6. Be it further eiiacted, That the citizens in their 
 respective ward meetings, to be held on the second .^londay of 
 'April' [altered to December — See pas^e 170,] annually, shall be 
 called upon to give in their votes for eight persons, being in- 
 habitants of said city, to constitute the Board of Aldermen, 
 for the ensuing year; and all the voles so given, being sorted, 
 counted, and declared by the Warden and Inspectors, shall be 
 recorded at larg(!, by the Clerk, in open ward meeting; and 
 in making such declaration and record, the whole number of 
 votes or ballots given in shall be particularly stated, together 
 with the name of every person voted for, and the number of 
 votes given for each person ; and a transcript of such record, 
 certified by the Warden and Clerk, and a majority of the In- 
 spectors of each ward, shall, by the said Clerk, within two 
 days, be transmitted to the City Clerk ; whereupon the same 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 159 
 
 proceedings shall be had, to ascertain and determine the per- 
 sons chosen as Aldermen, as are herein before directed in re- 
 gard to the choice of Mayor, and for a new election, in case 
 of the whole numl>er required not being chosen at the first 
 election. And each Alderman, so chosen shall be duly noti- 
 fied in writing of his election by the 3Iayor and Aldermen lor 
 the time being. [See page 170.] 
 
 Sect. 7. Be it further enacted, That the citizens of each 
 ward, qualified to vote as aforesaid, at iheir respective ward 
 meetings, to be held on the second Monday of ' April' [alter- 
 ed to December — Seepage 170, J annually, shall be called upon 
 to give in their votes for four able and discreet men, being in- 
 habitants of said ward, to be members of the Common Coun- 
 cil ; and all the votes given in as aforesaid, in each ward, and 
 being sorted, counted, and declared by the Warden and In- 
 spectors, if it appear that four persons have a majority of all 
 the votes given at such election, a public declaration thereof, 
 with the names of the persons so chosen, shall be made in 
 open ward meeting, and the same shall be entered at large, by 
 the Clerk of such ward, in his journal, slating particularly the 
 whole number of votes given in, the number necessary to 
 make a choice, and the number actually given for each of the 
 persons, so declared to be chosen. But, in case four persona 
 are not chosen at the first ballot, a new ballot shall be opened 
 for a number of Common Council-men, sufficient to complete 
 the number of four; and the same proceedings >;hall be had, 
 as before directed, until the number of four shall be duly 
 chosen; Provided, Iwwever, That if the said elections cannot 
 conveniently be completed on such day, the same may be ad- 
 journed to another day, for that purpose, not longer distant 
 than three days. And each of the persons so chosen as a 
 member of the Common Council, in each ward, shall, within 
 two days of his election, be furnished with fi certificate there- 
 of, signed by the Warden, Clerk, and a majority of the In- 
 .spectors of such ward; which certificate shall bo presumptive 
 evidence of the title of such person to a seat in the (Common 
 Council, but such Council, however, shall have authority to 
 decide ultimately upon all questions relative to the qualifica- 
 tions, elections, and returns of its members. 
 
 Sect. 8. Be it further enacted, That every male citizen of 
 twenty-one years of age and upwards, excepting paupers, 
 and persons under guardianship, who shall have resided with- 
 in the Commonwealth one year, and within the city six 
 months next preceding any meeting of citizens, either in 
 wards, or in general meeting, for municipal purposes, and 
 who shall have paid by himself or his parent, master, or guar- 
 dian, any state or county tax, which, within two years next 
 
160 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 preceding such meeting, shall have been assessed upon him, 
 in anj' town or district in this Commonwealth, and also every 
 citizen who shall be, by law, exempted from taxation, and who 
 shall be in all other respects qualified as above mentioned, 
 shall have a right to vote at such meeting, and no other per- 
 son shall be entitled to vote at such meeting. 
 
 Sect. 9. Be it furtlier enacted, That the Mayor, Aldermen, 
 and Common Councilmen, chosen as aforesaid, shall enter on 
 the duties of their respective offices on the first day of ' Maif 
 in each year, unless the same happen on a Sunday 5 and in 
 that event on the day following; [altered to 1st Monday in 
 Januar>' — See pao;e 170.] and before entering on the duties of 
 their offices, shall respectively be sworn, by taking the oath 
 of allegiance and oath of office, prescribed in the constitu- 
 tion of this Commonwealth, and an oath to su])port the con- 
 stitution of the United Slates. And such oaths may be ad- 
 ministered to the Mayor elect, by any one of the Justices of 
 the Supreme Judicial Court, or any Judge of any Court of 
 Record, commissioned to hold any such Court wiihin the said 
 cit^-, or by any Justice of the Peace for the county of SuflTolk. 
 And such oaths shall and may be administered to the Alder- 
 men and members of the Common Council, by the Mayor 
 being himself first sworn as aforesaid ; and a certificate of 
 such oaths having been taken, shall be entered in the journal 
 of the Mayor and Aldermen, and of the Common Coimcil, 
 respectively, by their respective Clerks. 
 
 Sect. 10. Be it further enacted, That the Mayor and Al- 
 dermen, thus chosen and qualified, shall compose one board, 
 and shall sit and act together as one body, at all meetings, of 
 which the Mayor, if present, shall preside ; but in his absence, 
 the board may elect a Chairman, for the time being. The 
 said board, together with the Common Council, in convention, 
 shall have power to choose a Clerk, who shall be sworn to the 
 faithful discharge of the duties of his office, who shall be 
 chosen for the term of one year, and until another person is 
 duly chosen to succeed him ; removable, however, at the 
 pleasure of the Mayor and Aklermen ; who shall be denom- 
 inated the Clerk of the City, ami whose duty it shall be to 
 keep a journal of the acts and proceedings of the said board, 
 composed of the Mayor and Aldermen ; to sign all warrants 
 issued by them, and to do such other acts in his said capacity, 
 as may, lawfiilly an<l reasonably be required of him ; and to 
 deliver over all journals, books, papers, and documents, en- 
 trusted to him as such Clerk, to his successor in office, imme- 
 diately upon such successor being chosen and qualified as 
 aforesaid, or whenever he may be thereto required by the 
 said Maj'or and Aldermen. And the City Clerk thus chosen 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 161 
 
 and qualified, shall have all the powers, and perform all the 
 duties, now by law belonging to the Town Clerk of the Town 
 of Boston, as if the same were particularly and fully enumer- 
 ated, except in cases where it is otherwise expressly provi- 
 ded. 
 
 Sect. 11. BrU further enacted, That the persons so cho- 
 sen and qualified, as members of the Common Council of the 
 said city, shall sit and act together as a separate body, dis- 
 tinct from that of the Mayor and Aldermen, except in those 
 cases in which the two bodies are to meet in convention ; and 
 the said Council shall have power, from time to time, to 
 choose one of their own members to preside over their delib- 
 erations, and to preserve order therein, and also to choose a 
 Clerk, who shall be under oath faithfully to discharge the 
 fluties of his office, who shall hold such office, during the 
 pleasure of said Council, and whose duty it shall he to attend 
 said Council, when the same is in session, to keep a journal of 
 its acts, votes, and proceedings, and to perform such other 
 services, in said capacity, as said Council may require. All 
 sittings of the Common Council shall be pnblic ; also all sit- 
 tings of the Mayor and Aldermen, when they are not engaged 
 in executive business. Twenty-five members of the Common 
 Council shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of 
 business. 
 
 Sect. Vi. Be it further enacted, That the Mayor of the 
 said City, thus chosen and qualified, shall betaken and deem- 
 ed to be tlie chief executive officer of said corporation; and 
 he shall be compensated for his services by a salary to be 
 fixed by the Board of Aldermen and Common Coun.'.il in City 
 Council convened, payable at stated periods; which salary 
 shall not exceed the sum of five thousand dollars annually', 
 and he shall rc^ceive no other compensation or emoluments 
 whatever; and no regulations enlarging or diminishing such 
 compensation shall be made, to take efi'ect until the expira- 
 tion of the year, for which the Mayor then in office, shall have 
 been elected. And it shall be the duty of the Ma3'or to be 
 vigilant and active at all limes, in causing the laws for the 
 government of said city to be duly executed and put in force ; 
 to inspect the conduct of all subordinate officers in the gov- 
 ernment thereof, and as far as in his power, to cause all 
 negligence, carelessness, and positive violation of duty, to 
 be duly prosecuted and punished. He shall have power, 
 whenever, in his judgment, the good of said city may require 
 it, to summon meetings of the Board of Aldermen and Com- 
 mon Council, or either of them, although the meeting of said 
 boards or either of them may, stand adjourned to a more dis- 
 tant day. And it shall be the dut}- of the Mayor, from time 
 
 18 
 
162 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 to time to communicate to both branches of the City Council 
 all such informalion, and recommend all such measures as 
 may tend to the improvement of the finances, the police, 
 health, security, cleanliness, comfort, and ornament of the said 
 city. 
 
 Sect. 13. Be it further enacted, That the administration of 
 police, together with the executive powers of the said corpo- 
 ration generall}', together also with all the powers heretolore 
 vested in the .""eleclmen of liie town of Boston, either by the 
 general laws of this Commonwealth, by particular laws rela- 
 tive to the powers and duties of said Selectmen, or by the 
 usages, voles, or l>y-laws of said town, shall be and hereby 
 are vested in the 31ayor and Aldermen, as hereby constituted, 
 as fully and amply as if the same were herein specially enu- 
 merated. ["AmifurUier, the said Mayor and Aldermen shall 
 have full and exclusive power to grant licenses to innholders, 
 victuallers, retailers, and confectioners, within the said city, in 
 all cases wherein the Court of Sessions for the countii of Suf- 
 folk, on the recommendation of the Select iiie7i of JBostoTi, have 
 heretofore beeri atttliorized to grant such licenses ; and in grant- 
 ing such licenses, it shall be lawful for the said Maijor and Al- 
 dermen to annex thereto such reasonable conditions in regard to 
 time, places, and other circumstances, under which such license 
 shall be acted upon, as in tlieir judgment, the peace, quiet, and 
 good order of the citij may require. Also to take bonds of all 
 persons so licensed, in reasonable sums, and icith snfjlcienl 
 sureties, conditioned for a faithful compliance with the terms of 
 their said licenses, and of all laws and regidations respecting 
 such licensed houses: And said Mayor and Aldermen, after 
 the granting of any such license, shall have power to revoke or 
 suspend the same, if in their judgment the order and welfare of 
 said cilij shall require it. And any person or persons loho shall 
 presume to exercise either of the said employments , witlmt said 
 city, without having first obtained a license therefor, or in any 
 manner, contrary to the terms of said license, or after the same 
 shall have been revoked or suspended, such persoyi or persons 
 shall be liable to the same penalties and forfeitures, and to be 
 prosecuted for in the same 7nanner as now by law provided, in 
 case of exercising either of said employments iviihout license 
 from the Court of Sessions for the county of Suffolk ; and 
 shall also be taken arid deemed to have forfeited their bonds, 
 respectively given aforesaid, upon whicli suits uluij be instituted 
 against such licensed persons or tlieir sureties, at the discretion 
 of the said Mayor and Aldermen, and in such manner as they 
 may direct, for the purpose of enforcing such forfeiture : Pro- 
 vided however. That all innholders, retailers, confectioners, 
 and victuallers, shall, on being licensed as aforesaid, pay the 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 163 
 
 same sum now required by laiv ; which sitm shall be accounted 
 Jbr in the same limy and manner as is 7iow by law required.^ 
 [Repealed by act of March 21, 1832.] 
 
 Sect. M:' Be it further enacted, That the Mayor and Al- 
 dermen shall have power lo license all theatrical exhibitions, 
 and ail public shows, and all exhibitions, of whatever name or 
 nature, to which admission is obtained on payment of money, 
 on such terms and conditions as lo them may seem just and 
 reasonable ; and to regulate the same, from time to time, in 
 such manner as to thein may appear necessary to preserve 
 order and decorum, and to prevent the interruption of pence 
 and quiet. And an}" person or persons v\lio shall set forth, 
 establish, or promote any such exhibition or show, or publish 
 or advertise the same, or otherwise aid or assist therein, with- 
 out a license so obtained as aforesaid, or contrary to the terms 
 or conditions of such license, or whilst the same is suspended, 
 or after the same is revoked by .said iMayor and Aldermen, 
 shall be liable to such forfeiture, as the City Council may, by 
 any by-law made for that purpose, prescribe. 
 
 Sect. 15. Be it further enacted, 'J'hal all other powers 
 now by law vested in the town of Boston, or in the inhabit- 
 ants thereof, as a municipal corporation, shall be, and hereby 
 are vested in the jMayor and Aldermen, and Common Coun- 
 cil of the said city to be exercised by concurrent vole, each 
 board, as hereb}' constituted, having a negative upon the 
 other. More especial!}' they shall have power to make all 
 such needful and salutary by-laws, as towns by the laws of 
 this Commonwealth have power to make and establish, and to 
 annex penalties, not exceeding twenty dollars, for the breach 
 thereof, which by-laws shall take effect and be in force from 
 and after the time therein respectively limited, without the 
 sanction or confirmation of any court, or other authority what- 
 soever; Provided, That such by-laws shall not be repugnant 
 to the constitution and laws of this (yommonwealih ; And 
 provided also. That the same shall be liable to be annulled by 
 the Legislature thereof. The said City Council shall also 
 have power, from time to time, to lay and assess taxes for all 
 purposes for which towns are by law required or authorized 
 to assess and grant money, and also for all purposes, for 
 which county taxes may be levied and assessed, when- 
 ever the city shall alone compose one county : Provided, 
 however. That in the assessment and apportionment of all 
 such taxes upon the polls and estates of all persons liable to 
 contribute thereto, the same rules and regulations shall be 
 observed as are now established by the laws of the Common- 
 wealth, or may be hereafter enacted, relative to the assess- 
 ment and apportionment of town taxes. The said City Coun- 
 
164 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 cil shall also liav«; power to provide for the assessment and 
 collection of such taxes, and to make appropriations of all 
 public moneys, and provide for the disbursement thereof, and 
 lake suitable measures to ensure a just and prompt account 
 thereof; and for these jjurposes, may either elect such asses- 
 sors, and assistant assessors, as may be needful, or provide for 
 the appointment or election of the same, or any of them, by 
 the fliayor and Aldermen, or by ihe citizens, as in their judg- 
 ment may be most conducive to the public good, and may 
 also require of all persons entrusted with the collection, cus- 
 tody, or disbursement of public moneys, such bonds with such 
 conditions and such sureties, as the case may in their judg- 
 ments require. 
 
 Sect. 16. Be itfurlher enacted, That the said City Coun- 
 cil shall have power, and they are hereby authorized to provide 
 for the appointment or election of all necessarv' officers, for 
 the good government of said city, not otherwise provided for; 
 to prescribe their duties, and "fix their compensation, and 
 to choose a Register of Deeds, whenever the city shall 
 compose one county. The City Council also shall have the 
 care and superintendence of the public buildings, and the care, 
 custody and management of all the property of the city, with 
 power to lease or sell the same, (except the Common and 
 Faneuil Hall,) with power also to purchase property, real or 
 personal, in the name, and for the use of the cit3', whenever 
 its interest or convenience may in their judgment, require it. 
 
 Sect. 17. Be il furllier enacted, That all the power and 
 authority now by law vested in the Board of Health for the 
 town of Boston, relative to ihe quarantine of vessels, and rela- 
 tive to every other subject whatsoever, shall be, and the same 
 is hereby transferred to, and vested in the said City Council, 
 to be carried into execution by the appointment of Health 
 Commissioners, or in such other manner as the health, clean- 
 liness, comfort, and order of the city may, in their judgment, 
 require, subject to such alterations as the Legislature may 
 from time to time ailopt. 
 
 Sect. 18. Be it further enacted, That the Mayor and 
 Aldermen of said city, and the said Common Council shall as 
 soon as conveniently may be, after their annual organization, 
 meet together in convention, and elect some suitable and 
 trustworthy person to be Treasurer of said city. 
 
 Sect. 19. Be it further enacted, That the citizens at 
 their respective ward meetings, to be held on the second fllon- 
 day of 'April,' [altered to Y)ecQmhet, see jmgc 170,] annually, 
 shall elect by ballot, [''a number of persons to be determined by 
 the City Cotincil, but not less tlian three in each ward, to be 
 Firewards of said city, who together shall constitute ihe board 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 165 
 
 e/" Firexoards of said city, and shall have all the powers, and be 
 subject to all the duties, now by law appertaining to the Fire- 
 wards of the town of Boston, until the same shall be altered or 
 qualifed by the Leffislatnre."] [^Fower to choose f rewards 
 transferred to the Mayor and Alderinen, Act June V^, 1823.] 
 And ihe .said citizens shall, at ihe same time and in like manner, 
 fleet one person in each ward, to be an Overseer of the Poor; 
 and the persons thus chosen shall together constitute the Board 
 of Overseers for .said city, and shall have all the powers and 
 be subject to all the duties, now by law appertaining to the 
 Overseers of the Poor for the town of Boston, until the same 
 shall be altered or qualified by the Legislature. And the said 
 citizens shall, at the same time and in like manner, elect one 
 person in each ward, to be a member of the School Commit- 
 tee for the said cit}- ; and the person so chosen shall, jointly 
 with the Mayor and Aldermen, constitute the School Commit- 
 tee for said city, and have the care and superintendence of 
 the public schools. — \^See page 173.] 
 
 Sect. 20. Be it further enacted, That all boards, and 
 officers, acting under the authority of the said corporation, and 
 entrusted with the expenditure of public money, shall be ac- 
 countable therefor to the City Council in such manner as they 
 may direct. And it shall be the duty of the City Council to 
 publish and distribute, annually', for the information of the 
 citizens, a particular statement of the receipts and expendi- 
 tures of all public moneys, and a particular statement of all 
 city properly. 
 
 Sect. 2L Be it further enacted, That in all cases in 
 which appointments to office are directed to be made by the 
 Mayor and Aldermen, the Mayor shall have the exclusive 
 power of nomination ; such nomination however, being sub- 
 ject to be confirmed or rejected by the Board of Aldermen : 
 Provided, however, That no person shall be eligible to any 
 office, the salary of which is payable out of the city treasury, 
 who at the time of his appointment, shall be a member either 
 of the Board of Aldermen or Common Council. 
 
 Sect. 22. Be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty 
 of the two branches of the City Council, in the month oV May,' 
 [altered to October, see page 172,] in each year, after their 
 annual organization, to meet in convention, and determine the 
 number ot Representatives which it may be expedient for the 
 corporation to send lo the General Court in such j'ear, within 
 its constitutional limits, and to publish such determination, 
 which shall be conclusive , and the number thus determined 
 shall be specified in the warrant calling the meeting for the 
 election of representatives ; and neither Ihe Mayor, nor any 
 Alderman, or members of the Common Council, shall, at the 
 18' 
 
166 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 same time, hold any other office under the city governtneiit. 
 Sect. 23. Be it further enacted, That all elections for 
 Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Senators, Representatives, 
 Representatives to Congress, and all other officers, who are to 
 be chosen and voted for by the people, shall be held at meetings 
 of the citizens qualified to vote in such elections, in their re- 
 spective wards, at the time fixed by law for those elections 
 respectively. And at such meetings, all the votes given in, 
 being collected, sorted, counted, and declared by the inspec- 
 tors of elections in each ward, it shall be the duty of the Clerk 
 of such ward to make a true record of the same, specifying 
 therein the whole number of ballots given in, the name of each 
 person voted for, and the number of votes for each, e.xpressed 
 in words at length. And a transcript of such record, certified 
 by the Warden, Clerk, and a majority of the Inspectors of 
 elections in such ward, shall forthwith be transmitted or deliv- 
 ered by each ward clerk to the clerk of the city. And it shall 
 be the duty of the City Clerk forthwith to enter such returns, 
 or a plain and intelligible abstract of them, as they are suc- 
 cessively received in the journals of the proceedings of the 
 Mayor and Aldermen, or in some other book kept for that 
 purpose. And it shall be the duty of th.9 Mayor and Alder- 
 men to meet together within two days after cxery such elec- 
 tion, and examine and compare all the said returns, and 
 thereupon to make out a certificate of the result of such elec- 
 tion, to be signed by the Mayor and a majority of the Alder- 
 men, and also by the Cily Clerk, which shall be transmitted, 
 delivered, or returned, in the same manner as similar returns 
 are by law directed to be made by the Selectmen of towns; 
 and such certificates and returns shall have the same force 
 and effect in all respects, as like returns of similar elections 
 made by the Selectmen of towns. And in all elections for 
 representatives to the General Court, in case the whole num- 
 ber proposed to be elected shall not be chosen by a majority 
 of the votes legally returned, the Mayor and Aldermen shall 
 forthwith issue their warrant for a new election, and the same 
 proceedings shall be had in all respects as are herein before 
 directed, until the whole number shall be elected. Provided, 
 however, That it shall be the duty of the Selectmen of the said 
 town of Boston, within twelve days from the passing of this 
 Act, to call a meeting of the qualified voters of the said town 
 to give in their ballots on the tbllowing question : — Shall the 
 election for State and United Slates officers be holden in gen- 
 eral meeting ? And it shall be the dut}' of the Selectmen to 
 preside at the said meeting to receive, sort, count, and declare 
 the votes given in, and to forward a certificate of the result to 
 the Secretary of the Commonwealth, and publish the same ia 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 167 
 
 Iwo or more of the newspapers printed in Boston ; and if a 
 majority of tlie voles so given in sliall be in the negative, then 
 tiie provisions of the preceding part of this section shall reg- 
 ulate the said elections in wards ; but if a majority of the 
 votes given in as aforesaid shall be in the affirmative, then the 
 said elections for Slate and United States officers shall be 
 holden in the manner prescribed by the constitution and laws 
 of the Commonwealth, with the exception that the Mayor and 
 Aldermen and City Clerk, shall perform the duties now re- 
 quired b^' law to be performed by the Selectmen and Town 
 Clerk. [See paire ]69.] 
 
 Sect. 24. Be it further enacted, That prior to every 
 election of City officers, or of any officer or officers under the 
 government of the United States or of this Commonwealth, it 
 shall be the duty of said Mayor and Aldermen to make out lists 
 of all the citizens of each ward, qualified to vote in such elec- 
 tion, in the manner in vvhich Selectmen and Assessors of towns 
 are required to make out similar lists of voters, and for that 
 purpose they shall have free access to the Assessors' books 
 and lists, and be entitled to the aid and assistance of all As- 
 sessors, Assistant Assessors, and other officers of said city. 
 And it shall be the duty of said Mayor and Aldermen to 
 deliver such list of voters in each ward, so prepared and cor- 
 rected, to the Clerk of said ward, to be used by the Warden 
 and Inspectors thereof at such election ; and no person shall 
 be entitled to vote at such election, whose name is not borne 
 on such list. And to prevent all frauds and mistakes in such 
 elections, it shall be the duty of the Inspectors, in each ward 
 to take care that no person shall vole at such election, whose 
 name is not so borne on the list of voters, and to cause a mark 
 to be placed against the name of each voter on such list, at 
 the time of giving in his vote. 
 
 Sect. 25. Be it further enacted, That general meetings of 
 the citizens, qualified to vote in city affairs, may from time to 
 time be held, to consult upon the common good, to give in- 
 structions to their representatives, and to take all lawful 
 measures to obtain a redress of any grievances, according to 
 the right secured to the people by the constitution of this 
 Commonwealth. And such meetings shall and may be duly 
 warned by the Mayor and Aldermen, upon the requisition of 
 fifty qualified voters of said city. 
 
 Sect. 26. Be it further enacted. That all warrants for the 
 meetings of the citizens, for municipal purposes to be had 
 either in general meetings or in wards, shall be issued by the 
 Mayor and Aldermen, and shall be in such form, and shall be 
 served, e.xecuted, and returned at such time, and in such man- 
 ner, as the City Council may, by any by-law, direct and ap- 
 point. 
 
168 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY, 
 
 Sect. 27, Be it further enacted, That for the purpose of 
 organizing the system of government hereby established, and 
 putting the same into operation in the first instance, the Se- 
 lectmen of the town of Boston, for the time being, shal! 
 seasonabi}', before the second Monday of April next, 'ssue 
 their warrants for calling meetings of the said citizens in their 
 respective wards, qualified to vole as aforesaid, at such place 
 and hour as they shall think expedient, for the purpose of 
 ehoosuig a Warden, Clerk, and five Inspectors ot Elections, 
 and also to give in iheir voles for a Mayor and eight Alder- 
 men, for said cily, and four Common Councilmen, three Fire- 
 wards, one Overseer of the Poor, and one member of ihe 
 School Committee, for each ward ; and the transcripts of the 
 records of each ward, specifying the votes given lor Mayor 
 and Aldermen, Firewards, Overseers, and members of the 
 School Commitlee, certified by the Warden, Clerk, and a 
 majority of the Inspectors, of such ward, sliall at said first 
 election, be returned to llie said Selectmen of the town of 
 Boston, whose duty it shall be to examine and compare the 
 same. And in case said elections shall not be complete at the 
 first election, then to issue a new warrant, until such election 
 shall be completed, and lo give notice thereof, in the manner 
 herein before directed, lo the several persons elected. And 
 at said first meeting, the Clerk of each ward, under the present 
 organization, shall call the citizens to order, and preside until 
 a Warden shall be chosen ; and at said first meeting, a list of 
 voters in each ward, prepared and corrected by the Select- 
 men of the town of Boston, for the time being, shall be 
 delivered to the Clerk of each ward, to be usecl as herein 
 before directed. 
 
 Sect. 28. Be it further enacted, That so much of the act 
 heretofore passed, relative to the establishment of a Board of 
 Health for the town of Boston, as provides for the choice of 
 members of ihe said Board, and so much of the several acts 
 relative to the assessment and collection of taxes within the 
 town of Boston, as provides for the election of Assessors, 
 Assistant Assessors, also all such acts, and parts of acts, as 
 come within the purview of this act, and which are inconsis- 
 tent with, or repugnant to the p ovisions of this act, shall be, 
 and the same are hereby repealed. 
 
 Sect. 29. And whereas by the laws of this Common- 
 wealth, towns are authorized and required io hold iheir annual 
 meetings some time in the months of March or April, in each 
 year for the choice of town officers ; and whereas such meet- 
 ing, in the month of March in the present year, for the town 
 of Boston, would-be useless, and unnecessarily burthensoine ; 
 Therefore, 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 169 
 
 Be it further enacted. That the annual town meeting's, in 
 the months of Blarch or April be suspended, and all town 
 officers now in office shall hold their places until this act shall 
 go into operation. 
 
 Sect. 30. Be it further enacted, That nothing in this act 
 contained shall be construed as to restrain or prevent the 
 Legislature i'rom amending or altering the same, whenever 
 they shall deem it expedient. 
 
 Sect. 31. Be it further enacted, That this act shall be 
 void, unless the inhabitants of the town of Boston, at a legal 
 town meeting, called for that purpose, shall by a written vote, 
 determine to adopt the same within twelve days. 
 
 At a legal meeting of the freeholders and other in- 
 habitants of the town of Boston, holdeii at Faneuil Hall, on 
 Monday the 4th day of March, A. D. 1822. 
 
 This meeting was called in conformity to the 23d and 21st 
 sections of an act, entitled "An act to estalilish the City of 
 Boston," passed on the 23d day of February, 1822. 
 
 The Selectmen presiding, the Chairman submitted the fol- 
 lowing questions to the qualified voters of the town, and 
 requested them to write ijes or no, against each question. 
 
 \st Question. Will you accept the Charter granted by the 
 Legislature, entitled "An act to establish the City of Bos- 
 ton V 
 
 2d Question. Shall the elections for State and United 
 States officers be holden in general meeting ? 
 Voted, That the Poll be closed at 3 o'clock. 
 At the close of the Poll it appeared that the whole number 
 of ballots given in on the first question was 
 4,678 
 
 namely, Yeas, 2,797 
 
 Nays, 1,881 4,678 
 
 Majority, 916 for accepting the Charter. 
 The whole number of votes given in on the second ques- 
 tion, was 4,700 
 
 namely. Yeas, 1,887 
 
 Nays, 3,813 4,700 
 
 Majority 926 against electing State and United Slates 
 officers in general meeting. 
 
 The state of the votes was declared by the Chairman of the 
 Selectmen, and then the meeting was dissolved. 
 
 Attest, THO'S CLARK, Town Clerk. 
 
 A true copy from the Record. 
 
 Attest, S. F. M'CLEARY, Citij Clerk. 
 
170 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Alterations of, and Amendments to, the Citt 
 Charter. 
 
 Extract from "An Act, providing for filling vacancies in the 
 Board of Aldermen, &c." [I'assed June 12, IBS'!.] 
 Sect. 6. Be it Jmther enacted, That in case of the 
 death or resignation of an}' member of the Board of Alder- 
 men, the citizens of Boston shall have power to fill such 
 vacancy at any regular meeting that may thereafter be con- 
 vened for that purpose. 
 
 An Act, in further addition to an Act entitled "An Act estab- 
 lishing the City of Boston." [Passed Jan.n, 1825.] 
 
 Sect. 1. Bi it enacted by the Senate and House of 
 Representa/ires, in General Coiirt assembled, and by the 
 authorittj of the same, That the election of the Mayor, Alder- 
 men, and Common Councilmen. and such other officers of the 
 ciiy of Boston, as are now by law to be chosen on tlie second 
 Monday in April annually, shall in future be made on the 
 second Monday in December annually, and the said officers so 
 chosen shall hold their respective oflices for the same term of 
 time, and the same proceedings shall be had in relation to such 
 elections as is provided in and by the Act, entitled, "An Act 
 establishing the City of Boston," to which this is in addition : 
 Provided, nevertheless, That the ne.xt choice of the said city 
 officers shall be made at such time, and in such manner, as are 
 prescribed in and by the Act aforesaid, and the officers so 
 elected shall severally hold their offices until the first Monday 
 of January ne.xt, any thing in this act to the contrary notwith- 
 standing. 
 
 Sect. 2. Be it further enacted, That the officers 
 chosen under and by virtue of this Act, shall enter on the 
 duties of their respective offices on the first Monday of Janu- 
 ary in each year, and shall be liable to all the duties and 
 restrictions, and shall exercise all the powers to which the said 
 officers are respectively subject or eniilleil, under and by 
 virtue of the Act to which this is in addition, and all other Acts 
 having relation to this subject matter. 
 
 Sect. 3. Be it further enacted, That this Act shall 
 be void, unless the inhabitants of the City of Boston, at any 
 general nteeling duly warned by public notice, of at least 
 fourteen days, by the Mayor ami Aldermen, shall, within sixty 
 days from the passing hereof, by written vote adopt the same. 
 
 Sect. 4. Be it further enacted. That all the provisions 
 ofthe Act to which this in addition, or of any other Act 
 inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, shall be, and here* 
 by are repealed. 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 171 
 
 At a general meeting: of the inhabitants of the City of 
 Boston, held at Faneuil Hall, on the 25ih day of February, 
 Anno Domini, 1825, 
 
 The mer-ting was called for the purpose of giving in the 
 written voles upon the adoption of the Act of the Legislature, 
 entitled "An Act in further addition to an Act entitled an 
 Act establishing the Cit3' of Boston." 
 
 Voted, That the poll be closed at one o'clock, P. M. 
 
 At the close of the Poll it appeared that the whole number 
 of ballots given in was 102 
 
 namely, Veas, 100 
 
 Nays, 2 102 
 
 So the samt! was decided in the affirmative. 
 
 A true copy from Record, 
 
 Attest, S. F. M'CLEARY, City Clerk. 
 
 An Act providing in certain cases for the Election of Mayor 
 of the Ciiy of Boston. IPassed June. 5, 1830.] 
 
 Sect. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of 
 Representatives in General Court assembled, and bij the author- 
 ity of the same. That whenever, on examination by the Mayor 
 and Aldermen of the Cily of Boston, of the returns of votes 
 given for Mayor at the meetings of the wards holden for the 
 purpose of electing that officer, last preceding the first ftlon- 
 day of January, in each year, no person shall appear to have 
 a majority of all the votes given for Mayor, the Mayor and 
 Aldermen, by whom such examination is made, shall make 
 a record of that act, an attested copy of which it shall be the 
 duty of the City Clerk to produce and read, on the first Mon- 
 day of January, in the presence of the IMembers returned to 
 serve as Aldermen and Common Councilmen ; and thereupon 
 the oaths prescribed by law may be administered to the mem- 
 bers elect, by any one of the Justices of the Supreme Judicial 
 Court, or any Judge of any Court of Record holden in said 
 city, or by any Justice of the Peace for the county of Suffolk : 
 and thereupon the members of the Board of Aldermen shall 
 proceed to elect a chairman, and the Common Council a pre- 
 sident, in their respective chambers, and being respectively 
 organized, shall proceed to business in the same manner as is 
 provided in the tenth section of the city charter in case of the 
 absence of the Mayor : — And the Board of Aldermen shall 
 forthwith issue their warrants for meetings of the Citizens of 
 the respective wards, for the choice of a Mayor, at such time 
 and place as they shall judge most convenient ; and the same 
 proceedings shall be had, in all respects, as are directed in and 
 by the provisions of the fifth seetion of the city chau'ter, and 
 
172 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 repeated from time to time, until a Mayor shall be chosen, by 
 a majority of all the voters voting at such elections. 
 
 Sect. 2. Be it further enacted, That in case any 
 person elected Mayor of said City shall refuse to accept the 
 office, the same proceedings shall be had in all respects, as 
 are herein before directed in cases wherein there has been no 
 choice of Mayor, until a Mayor be chosen by a majority of 
 votes. And in case of the unavoidable absence by sickness 
 or otherwise, of the Mayor elect, on the first Monday in Jan- 
 uary, the City Government shall organize itself in the mode 
 herein before provided, and ma}' proceed to business in the 
 same manner as if the Mayor were present. 
 
 Sect. 3. Be it further enacted, That this act shall 
 be void, unless the inhabitants of said City of Boston, at a 
 legal city meeting, called for that purpose, shall by a written 
 vote, determine to adopt the same, within twelve days from 
 the time of the passing of this act. 
 
 At a general meeting of the inhabitants of the City 
 of Boston, qualified as the law directs, held at Faneuil Hall, 
 on Wednesday, the sixteenth day of June, Anno Domini, 
 1830. 
 
 The meeting was called for the purpose of receiving the 
 written voles yea or nay, for or against the act of the Legis- 
 lature, passed on the fifth day of June instant, entitled "An 
 Act providing in certain cases for the election of IVlayor of the 
 City of Boston." 
 
 The act above mentioned was read by the Moderator. 
 
 Voted, That the poll be closed at half past 12 o'clock. 
 
 At the close of the poll, the votes being sorted and counted,, 
 it appeared that the whole number was 73 
 namely, 68 yeas, 
 
 5 nays, 
 
 73 
 The same was declared in the aflirmative, and the act 
 adopted unanimously. 
 A true Copy. Attest, S. F. M'CLEARY, City Clerk. 
 
 An Act in further addition to an Act, entitled " An Act estab- 
 lishing the City of Boston." [Passed June 17, 1831.] 
 Be it enacted btj the Senate and House of Representa 
 fives in General Court assembled, and btj the authority of the 
 same, That the time for the City Council of the City of Bos- 
 ton to meet in Convention, in order to determine the number 
 of Representatives which it may be expedient for said City 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY— BOSTON. 173 
 
 to send to the General Court, shall be in the month of 
 October instead of May, in each year, any thing in the act 
 to which this is in addition, to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 An Act in further addition to an Act establishing the City of 
 Boston. 
 
 Sect. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- 
 resentatives, in General Court assembled , and bij the authorilij 
 of the same, That the School Committee of the City of Bos- 
 ton shall consist of the 3Iayor of said City, of the President 
 of the Common Council of said City, and of twenty-four 
 other persons, two of whom shall be chosen in each ward of 
 said Cit}', and who shall be inhabitants of the wards in which 
 they are chosen ; said twenty-four members to be chosen 
 by the inhabitants, at their annual election of municipal 
 officers. 
 
 Sect. 2. Be it further enacted. That so much of the act to 
 which this is in addition, as is inconsistent with the provisions 
 of this act, is licreby repealed : Provided, however, that the 
 present School Committee of said city shall continue in office, 
 tintil a new committee shall be chosen under the provisions of 
 this act. [This act passed April 7, 1835, and subsequently a- 
 dopted by the citizens.] 
 
 An Act for the further regulation of the erection of Wooden 
 Buildings in the City of Boston. 
 
 Sj'.ct. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- 
 resentatives, in General Court asseynbled, and by the authority 
 of the same. That, from and after the passing of this act, no 
 wooden building of more than si.xleen feet in height, from the 
 ground or foundation thereof, shall be erected in the said city 
 of Boston, except under the following limitations and restric- 
 tions, namely : the dimensions of such building, on the ground, 
 not to exceed twenty-five feet by fifty feet ; or, being in any 
 other proportion, not to cover more than twelve hundred and 
 fifty superficial feet of land ; the walls not to exceed twenty 
 feet in height from the under side of the sills, which sills may 
 be three feet six inches above the level of the street, to 
 the eaves of the roof : the roof in the highest point thereof 
 not to rise more than thirty-two feel from the under side of the 
 sills aforesaid, and there shall be at least one scuttle at or 
 near the highest point of said roof 
 
 Sect. 2. Be it further enacted, That when two or more 
 such two story buildings as are provided for in this act, shall 
 be erected in connection, or within three feet of each other, 
 or within three feet of any other wooden building, more than 
 sixteen feet in height, there shall be an entire brick or stone 
 wall between them, commencing from the foundation of said 
 
174 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 wall, and carried to the height of twelve feet above the level 
 of the street, at least (welve inches in thickness, and the resi- 
 due of said wall shall be of at least eight inches in thickness, 
 and in case any openings are made through said walls, the 
 same shall be secured against fire by iron doors applied to 
 such openings : l^romded, that such brick or stone walls may 
 be dispensed with by consent, in writing, of the iMayor and 
 Aldermen of the city of Boston, on wiial are commonly call- 
 ed the neck lands, in said city : Provided, a/so, that nothing 
 in this act shall in any way affect that i)art of the said city 
 called South Boston, or repeal any of the provisions of the 
 existing law relative to the erection of buildings in that place: 
 and, Provided, further, that that part of the said cily of Bos- 
 ton, known by the name of East Boston, shall be entitled to 
 the same rights and privileges as to tiie erection of wooden 
 buildings, which now belong to that part of said city called 
 South Boston. 
 
 Sect. 3. Be it further enacted. That, if any person or 
 persons shall violate the provisions of this act, such person or 
 persons, on conviction thereof, in any court competent to try 
 the same, shall forfeit and pay for everv such offence, a sum 
 not less than fifty, nor more than five hundred dollars, and 
 shall be liable to a like prosecution and penalty for each and 
 every year after such conviction, until such building or build- 
 ings, erected contrary to the provisions aforesaid, shall be 
 removed or made to conform thereto ; and the said penalties 
 and forfeitures incurred by virtue of this act may be recover- 
 ed by indictment, to the use of the City of Boston, or by an 
 action of debt in any Court competent to try the same, one 
 half to the use of the person or persons who shall sue therefor, 
 and the residue to the use of the said city. 
 
 Sect. 4. Be it farther enacted, That it shall be the duty of 
 the Board of Engineers of the said cily, to cause suits to be 
 commenced without delay against each and all who shall vio- 
 late the provisions of this act, and to prosecute the same to 
 final judgment. 
 
 Sect. 5. Be it further enacted, That all acts and parts of 
 acts respecting the erection of wooden buildings in the City of 
 Boston, excepting such only as relate in any way to brick or 
 stone buildings, be, and the same are hereby repealed. [This 
 act passed April 8th, 1835, and subsequently adopted by the 
 citizens.] 
 
 Motto of the City. 
 
 Sicut patribus sit Deus nobis. 
 As God was with our fathers so may he be 
 
SUFFOLK COUNTY. 175 
 
 Chelsea. 
 
 This town was formerly a Ward of Boston. Incorporated, 
 1738 ; pop. 770 ; r. ps. 187 ; val. ^1 18 ; s. m. S700. It lies 
 from Boston about 6 miles N.E. across Charles river, and 6 
 miles E. of Charlestown. The U. S. Marine Hospital in this 
 town, is on a lar^c plot of "ground, in a delightful and airy 
 situation, and afl'ords a comfortable retreat for sick and disa- 
 bled seamen. Charles Turner, SuperinteTidenl ; Charles H. 
 Ste<lman, Physician. Point Shirley, in this town, extending 
 southeasterly forms the norlhei n part of Boston harbor. Win- 
 nesimet Ferry, leading from the foot of Hanover-street, in 
 Boston, to this town, is probably the oldest establishment of 
 the kind in America. The first grant was given to Thomas 
 Williams, in 1631. The distance across Charles river is about 
 a mile and a half. Neat and commodious steamboats are 
 continually running across this delightful stream, making the 
 Winnesimet of the Indians, the Hoboken of Boston. CI — 
 Koratio Algier, Edward J. Fuller, c. Fh — Charles H. Sted- 
 fnan. J. P — Charles Turner, Joseph Stowers, David Floyd 
 Pffs— H. Alcier. 
 
WORCESTER COUNTY. 
 
 This county was incorporated in 1731. Population, in 
 1820, 73,635—1830, 84,365; r. ps. 21,850; val. g 109 77. 
 Area, 1500 square miles. Central lat. 42° 23' N.; Ion. 71° 47' 
 W. This county crosses the state from New-Hampshire on 
 the north, to Connecticut and Rhode-Island on the south. It 
 is bounded W. by the counties of Franklin, Hampshire, and 
 Hampden, and E. by Norfolk and Middlesex counties. This 
 is the largest county in the state. lis territory is larger than 
 the state of Rhode-Island, and its population is greater than 
 that of the state of Delaware. Its surface is rather undulating 
 than hilly. The soil is generally strong, and produces all 
 kinds of grain, grasses, fruits, &c. common to its climate. Its 
 water power is abundant in almost every town, and perhaps 
 in no section of New-England are the interests of agriculture, 
 commerce and manufactures more completely blended, nor 
 can there be found better resources for their united support. 
 Its principal rivers are the Blackslone, Quinabaugh, Nashua, 
 Ware, Millers, and Mill. There arc in this county 55 towns, 
 and 56 inhabitants to a square mile. 
 
 Ashburuham. 
 
 This town lies on the height of land between the Connecti- 
 cut and Merrimack, and is well watered by large ponds. It 
 was formerly called " Dorchester Canada," and is 50 miles N. 
 W. of Boston, 30 N. of Worcester, and 35 W. of Lowell. 
 Inc. 1765; pop. 1403 ; r. ps. 407 ; val. ^149; s. m. ,^600. 
 CI — George Goodvear, c; 1 soc. m; 1 soc. u; 1 soc. b. 
 P/is— N. Pierce, William H. Cutler. ^«— Geo. G. Parker. 
 P?ii — Samuel Barrett. 
 
 Athol. 
 
 Millers river affords this town great water privileges. It 
 has a cotton factory, a large scythe establishment, furnace, 
 
WORCESTER COUNTY. 177 
 
 door and sash factory, large cabinet works, turning mills, &,c. 
 &c. Large quantities of shoe-pegs are made here. The In- 
 dian Paquoig. It was inc. 1762; pop. 135.5; r. ps. 346; va). 
 51 48 ; s. m. ^6.50. It lies CO miles W.N.W. of Boston, 23 
 N.W. of Worcester, and about l24 miles W. of Fitchburgh. 
 CI — Linus Shaw, James F. Warner, c ; Mr. Day, b. I'hs — 
 Drs. Hoyt and Hutchinson. Alt — C. R. Miles. Pmr—C R. 
 Miles. 
 
 Barre. 
 
 This town took its name in honor of Col. Barre, an elo- 
 quent whig of the Britisii senate. It is watered by Ware 
 river, on which are 2 cotton and woolen factories. Many 
 wagons and sleighs are made here, and much palm leaf man- 
 ufactured. It was inc. 1774; pop. 2503; r. ps. 671 ; val. 
 53 27. It is 65 miles W. by S. of Boston, 24 N. by W. of 
 Worcester, and 15 N.E. of Ware. The product of this town 
 in beef, pork, &c. for the Boston market is very considerable. 
 Alum is found here. CI — .lames Thompson, J. F. Stone, c; 
 1 soc. u; 1 soc. b. Phs — Hanson Bates, Joseph Bates, and 
 Dr. Russell. Alls — Seth Lee, Nathaniel Houghton, and 
 Charles Wadsworth. /';« — Charles Lee. 
 
 Berliu. 
 
 This town was taken from Bolton in 1784. It is watered by 
 a branch of the Assabet river, and produces large quantities 
 of hops. Pop. t;98; r. ps. 182; val. 82 cents; s. m. ,5300. 
 It lies 15 miles N.E. of Worcester, 7 S.E. of Lancaster, and 
 30 W. by N. of Boston. C/— David Lamson and Mr. Clark, 
 c ; 1 soc. friends. Ph — Dr. Thompson. J. P — J. D. Merri- 
 am, Thomas Brigham, &.C. Pin — Addison How. 
 
 Eolton. 
 
 This town lies 31 miles W. by N. of Boston, 15 N.N.E. of 
 Worcester, and 6 S.E. of Lancaster. Inc. 1738 ; r. ps. 327; 
 val. %\b2; s. m. gSOO. Limestone. C/— Isaac Allen, c; 
 a soc. of friends ; and a soc. m. Phs— Drs. Parker and Saw- 
 j-er. Alt — George R. M. Withinglon. Pms — Amos Parker; 
 Pnj'dUe — Thomas Fry. 
 
 Boylston. 
 
 Inc. 1786; pop. S20; r. ps. 218; val. gl08; s. m. glOO. 
 
 It lies 40 miles W. of Boston, 8 N. by E. of Worcester, and 
 
 19 S. of Fitchburgh. It is watered by Nashua river, and has 
 
 iron ore and a ledge of chrystalized quartz. Some straw is 
 
 19* 
 
178 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 worked here. From Diamond Hill is a pleasant prospect. 
 Gneiss. C/— William H. Sanford, and P. P.Russell, c; 1 
 soc. u. Ph — John Andrews. Att — Matthew Davenport. Ptn 
 • — Eli B. Lamson. 
 
 Brookfield. 
 
 The Indian Quaboag, a large, fertile and beautiful township, 
 in two parishes, well watered by several large ponds, which 
 give rise to a principal branch of Chickapee river. For about 
 forty years aficr its first settlement, in IGGO, this town sufl'ered 
 exceedingly by the Indians. The ponds afford fine fish of va- 
 rious kinds, and in this town is a mineral spring of some ce- 
 lebrity. It lies G8 miles W. of Boston, 18 \V. of Worcester, 
 and 7 E. of Ware. Inc. 1(373; pop. 2342 ; r. ps. C20; val. 
 ^2 92; s. m. 51400. This town produces many fine cattle 
 for the market. It has a satinet factory and a furnace, and 
 considerable quantities of shoes are made here. CI — F. Ilor- 
 ton, M. Stone, R. Woodruff, and 1 v. soc. c ; 1 soc. u ; 1 soc. 
 b5 1 soc. m. Phs — L. Mirick, Aaron Green, and Dr. Gill- 
 more. Alls — Jesse Bliss, Hcman Stebbins, Amos Crosby. 
 Pnis — Abraham Skinner ; West, Allen Newell 5 East, Joel 
 Vaile. 
 
 Charlton. 
 
 Set off from Oxford, 1734; pop. 2173; r. ps. 521 ; val. 
 ^2 88. In this town considerable many carriages, and a va- 
 riety of cabinet ware are manufactured. It lies 53 miles S. 
 W. of Boston, 12 S.W. of Worcester, and 45 N.E. of Hart- 
 ford, Ct. CI — William H. Whittemore, c ; James Boomer, b ; 
 1 soc. u. Phs—D. Lamb, E. H. Phillips, C. 31. Fay. AtL— 
 John Davis. Pm— W. P. Rider. 
 
 Dana. 
 
 This town is watered by a branch of Swift river, and lies 
 70 miles W. of Boston, 30 W.N.W. of Worcester, and 25 E. 
 by N. of Northampton. Pop. G23 ; r. ps. 154; val. G3 cents; 
 s. m. 5150 ; inc. 1781. CI— 3. P. Fuller, and J. Flagg, u ; 1 
 soc. b; 1 soc. m; 1 soc. c. Ph — Joseph Geddings. J. P — 
 Apollos Johnson, Ephraim Whipple. Pm — Apollos Johnson. 
 
 Doaglass. 
 
 Incorporated, 1746 ; pop. 1742 ; r. ps. 417; val. $\ 76 ; s. m. 
 5330. This town is watered by Mumford river, a branch of 
 the Blackstone. It lies 47 miles W.S.W. of Boston, 17 S. by 
 E. of Worcester, and 21 NW. of Providence. In this town are 
 
WORCESTER COUNTY. 179 
 
 2 cotlon mills, an axe factory, and a shop for turning machine- 
 ry. Iron ore. ISounded 8. b}' Rhode-Island. CI — David 
 Holman. John Boardman, c ; 1 soc, friends; 1 soc.m. Phs — 
 R. P. Church, Ezckiel VV ood, D. Pierce. Alt — Joseph Pren- 
 tiss. Pms — David Holman J jBas<, William Crossmau. 
 
 Dudley. 
 
 This town is watered by French and Quinabaugh rivers. 
 It lies .55 miles S.W. of Boston, 18 S of Worcester, and 34 
 N.W. of Providence. Two woolen cloth, and a satinet fac- 
 tory. Gneiss. Inc. 1731 ; pop. 215.5 ; r. ps. 321 ; val. §2 34 ; 
 s. m. g600. CI — James H. Francis, c ; John Boyden, u; 1 
 soc. m. Ph — Samuel P. Knight. Att — George A. Tufts. 
 Pto — William Hancoek. 
 
 Fitchbiirgh. 
 
 This township was first granted by " the Great and General 
 Court of His Majesty's Province of ^lassachusetts Baj-, Nov. 
 4, 17)9." The township thus granted, included the territory 
 of some of the neighboring towns. The town was incorpora- 
 ted in 1764; pop. 2180; r. ps. 378 ; val.,g2 31; s. m. ^1100. 
 A large branch of the Nashua passes through the town, and 
 aflbrds it an extensive and constant water power. Over this 
 river, in the distance of two miles, are eleven dams for the 
 nccommodalion of manufactories. It has 3 woolen and 4 cot- 
 ton factories ; — 2 paper mills, a scythe, whip, chair, coach, 
 and various other manufactories. This is a very flourishing 
 town, and exhibits in a striking manner the effect of water 
 power on the increase, wealth and respectability of many of 
 our interior towns. There are many valuable mill sites at this 
 place still unimproved. In the immediate vicinity of the 
 principal village is an immense quarry of excellent granite. 
 This town lies 47 miles W.N.W. of Boston, 24 N. of Worces- 
 ter. .30 W. by S. of Lowell, and tiO N.E. of Sprinsfield. The 
 " Fiichburgh Bank" has a capital of 5100,000— Francis Per- 
 kins, Pt.; Ebenezer Torrey, Cr. CI — Calvin Lincoln, Joshua 
 Amory, Jr. c ; John M. McDonald, b ; 1 soc. m. Phs — Otis 
 Abercrombie, Jonas A. Marshall, Tiiomas R. Boutelle. Atts 
 —See Law-Register. Pm — Mark Miller. 
 
 Gardner. 
 
 This town lies 54 miles N.W. by W. of Boston, and 23 N. 
 W. by N. of Worcester. It was inc. 1785 ; pop. 1023 ; r. ps. 
 297; val. ^1 14; s. m. ,^500. This town is watered by some 
 ponds, the rise of Otter river, a branch of Millers river. 
 
180 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Large manufactories of chairs, &c. CI — Sumner Lincoln 
 and 1 V. soc. c ; 1 soc. m ; 1 sec. b. Ph — Dr. Parker. J. P 
 — S. Glazier, William Whitney. Pvis — M. Wood ; Bouih, 
 A. M. Severy. 
 
 Grafton. 
 
 This town is finely watered by the Blackstone river and 
 some large ponds. Here are considerable factories of tin 
 ware, and it is estimated that the annual amount of leather, 
 boots and shoes exporit^d, excectls J§700,000. The cotton 
 and woolen goods, and scythes manufactured here is valued at 
 about 5415,000 annually. This was the Indian Hassanamis- 
 co. It lies 36 miles S.W. by W. of Boston, and y S.E. from 
 Worcester. It was inc. I7:i5; pop. ]o89; r. ps. 596; val. 
 g2 90 ; s. m. §940. C7— Rufus A. Johnson, John Weede, c ; 
 Otis Converse, b ; 1 soc. m. Phs — Henry Parker, Levi Raw- 
 son, Wm. 'i'horntoa. AHs—\\. Wood, N. T. Dow. Pm — 
 C. Al. Pratt. 
 
 Hard wick. 
 
 Watered by Ware river. 60 miles W. by N. of Boston, 7 
 N. by E. of Ware, and 20 W. by N. of Worcester. Inc. 
 1738; pop. 1885; r. ps. 426; val. ^2 39 ; s. m. §800. A 
 
 Saper mill and other manufactories. CI — John Goldsbury, 
 lariin Tupper, c ; 1 soc. u ; 1 soc. b. P}xs — Joseph Stone 
 and Dr. Wurdwell. All — Joseph Knox. Pm~-S. F. Culler. 
 
 Harvard. 
 
 This town was taken from Stow, Groton and Lancaster, in 
 1732. It is washed on the west side by Nashua river. It lies 
 30 miles N.W. of Boston, 20 N.E. of Worcester, and 13 W. of 
 Concord. Pop. I68I ; r. ps. 417; val. ^1 87; s. m. ,5800. 
 In this town are 3 paper mills; much straw is worked and 
 large quantities of hops grown. Here arc two large ponds 
 with fine fish, and quarries of slate used for monuments. 
 Abou' 200 of that industrious sect, called shakers, reside here, 
 and own a considerable tract of excellent land. They live 
 about 3 miles N.E. of the centre of the town, and supply the 
 market with a great variety of wares, fruits, seeds, herbs, &.c. 
 &c., the product of their mechanical ingenuity and horticul- 
 tural skill. Grove B. Blaiichard is the presiding minister, both 
 here and at Shirley. CI — Washington Gilbert, Geo. Fisher, 
 c ; 1 v. soc. b. I'hs — E. Stone, A. Robbins, and Dr. Holman. 
 J. P — Isaac Whitney, Jacob Haskell, John Park, Jerome 
 Gardner. /*»»— John P. Whitcomb. 
 
WORCESTER COUNTY. 181 
 
 Holden. 
 
 This town is finely watered by branches of Blackstone and 
 TVashua rivers. It has a vakiable iiydrauHc power on Quini- 
 poxet river, on which are five cotton and woolen factories. It 
 ]ies 48 miles W. of Boston, and 6 N.W. of Worcester. Inc. 
 1740 ; pop. 1718 ; r. ps. 411 ; val. $1 94 ; s. m. %S(}0. CI— 
 W. P. l^aiue, c ; 1 soc. b. Phs — Drs. Easterbrook, and Pat 
 ridge. J. P — Samuel Damon, Ethan Davis. Fm — Dennis 
 Davis. 
 
 Hubbardston. 
 
 This town gives rise to some branches of Ware river and 
 has much unimproved water power. It was incorporated, 
 17G7; pop. 1674; r. ps. 420; val. ,^175; s. m. ^828. 54 
 miles W. of Boston, 22 S. of Worcester, and 18 W. of Lan- 
 •casler. CI — Samuel Gay, Ebenczer Robinson, c. Phs — 
 Moses Phelps, Shepard Clark. Atl — Samuel Swan. Pm — 
 Levi Pierce. 
 
 Lancaster. 
 
 This is a very pleasant town. The Nashaivogg of the In- 
 dians. It lies ^5 miles W.N.W of Boston, 15 N. of Worces- 
 ter, and about 25 miles S.W. of Lowell. This is the oldest 
 town in the county, and suffered much by the Indians. It was 
 first settled 164.3 ; inc. 1653 ; pop 2016 ; r. ps. 491 ; val ^2 07. 
 It lies on both sides of the Nashua river ; and has a remarkably 
 fine, alluvial soil, which is under high cultivation. It has a 
 good water power ; 3 cotton factories, and manufactures of 
 various articles are carried on here to considerable extent, 
 particularly combs, of which large quantities are annually 
 made. Some mineral substances are found here. CI — N. 
 Thayer, c. Ph — Calvin Carter. Atts — Moses Smith, Solon 
 Whiting, J. W. Huntington. Pm — J. W. Huntington. 
 
 lieicester. 
 
 This town is on the height of ground between Boston har- 
 bor and Connecticut river. It lies 46 miles W. of Boston, 6 
 W .^.W. of Worcester, 42 E.S.E. of Northampton, and 45 
 N.W. of Providence. It was first settled in 1713, and incor- 
 porated about the year 1721. Its Indian name was Toivtaid. 
 Pop. 1782 ; r. ps. 444 ; val. $2 35 ; s. m. ,^800. This town is 
 well watered by French river, and branches of the Connec- 
 ticut and Blackstone, which rise here, and afford mill sites for 
 numerous manufactories. Here are 3 woolen factories, and 
 an extensive establishment for the manufacture of cards. 
 Large quantities of shuttles and bobbins arc made here in 
 
182 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 great perfection. It is estimated that the annual amount of 
 woolen goods, cards, &c. manufactured in this town, exceeds 
 IJGOO.OOO. Leicester Academy, was founded in 1784. Ii has 
 considerable funds, commodious buildings, and is highly re- 
 spectable. It accommodates 100 pupils throughout the year. 
 Leicester Bank, has a capital of jjlOO.COO — Nalh'l P. Denny, 
 Ft.; H. G. Henshaw, Cr. A respectable society of Jews 
 resided in this town, and had a synagogue, some years prior 
 to 1784. C/— John Nelson, (ordained March 4, IS^i,) and 
 Samuel May, Jr. c ; John Green, b ; Henry Blackalter, e ; 1 
 soc. m.; 1 soc. Friends. /"/!,?— Austin Flint, J. R. \\ orces- 
 ter, Edward Flint, and Dr. Walbridge. Aits— Naih'l P. Den- 
 ny, Waldo Flint, Silas Jones. Pnt — John Sargent. 
 
 Leominster. 
 
 This town has valuable water privileges on a principal branch 
 of the Nashua. Here are five paper-mills, furnishing a very 
 large amount of paper annually ; — a large establishment for 
 the manufacture of combs, to the value of about ,g 100,000 
 annually ; — also manufactories of axes, &c. This town is 
 very pleasant, and of superior soil. It lies 42 miles N.W. of 
 Boston, and 20 N. of Worcester. Pop. 1861 ; r. ps. 50f5 ; 
 val S2 13 5 s. m. ;?900. Inc. 1740. Allum. C/— Abel 
 Conant. Ochus G. Hubbard, c ; 1 soc. m ; 1 soc. u ; 1 soc. b ; 
 Phs—C. W. Wilder, A. Smith. Alts—L. Walker, W. Per- 
 ry. Pm — Charles Colburn. 
 
 Lunenbnrgh. 
 
 Very pleasantly situated on elevated land, 4 miles E. of 
 Fitchburgh. 24 N. of Worcester, and 42 N.W. of Boston. 
 Inc. 172S; pop. 1318 5 r. ps. 330; val. gl 60; s. m. §650. 
 CI.— I soc. m ; 1 soc. c. Ph — Aaron Bard, J. P — Edmund 
 Gushing, Esek Whiting, William Harrington. Pm — S. 
 Haywood. 
 
 3IendoD. 
 
 First settled, 1G67. Its Indian name was Quanshipauge. 
 It lies 32 miles S.W. of Boston, 18 S.E. of Worcester, 5 N. 
 of Slaterville, R. I., and 22 N. of Providence. It was inc. 
 1667. Pop. 3153 ; r. ps 830 ; val. g401 ; s. m. S1200. This 
 is a township of variegated surface, excellent soil and in a 
 slate of fine cultivation. Blackstone river and canal pass 
 its south-western border, and Mill river passes its whole ex- 
 tent. These rivers afibrd a great and \alual)le hydraulic 
 power which is applied for manufacturing purposes on an 
 extensive scale. There are in this town ten couon and wool- 
 
WORCESTER COUNTY. 18$ 
 
 ^n mills, and a large machine factory. There is also a scythe 
 factory, producing' 1000 dozen annually. The manufacture of 
 shoes and straw, is carried on to a considerable extent. This 
 is one of the pleasantest towns in the county. Ci — Jotin S. 
 M. Perry, and 1 v. soc.c ; Adin Ballou, u ; 1 soc. friends; 1 
 ,soc. m Phs — John G. Metcalf, Daniel Thurljer, Moses D. 
 Soiithwick, Abel Wilder. Alts — Warren Rawson, Wm. S. 
 Hastings, Samuel Allen. Pm — Jabez Aldrich; South, E. G. 
 Daniels. 
 
 Milbury. 
 
 This town was taken from Sutton, in 1813. It lies 42 miles 
 W.S.W.of Boston,6 S.E. of Worcester, and 15 N.W. of 
 Mendon. Branches of the Blackstone river rise in this town, 
 and Blackstone canal passes through it. It has a great water 
 power , — t woolen, and 3 cotton mills. 2 scythe shops, a paper 
 mill, and a gun factory. About 50,000 pair of shoes are 
 annually made here. Milbury Bank, has a capital of 
 S 100,000— S. Farnsworlh, Pt. ; Wm. Whittlesey. Cr. Good 
 granite. Gneiss. Pop. 1611 ; r. ps. 508; val. ^'2 10; s.m. 
 51000. Cl—O. Herrick and Mr. Lamed, c; 1 soc. 
 m. Phs — Drs. Benedict, More, and another. Atts— 
 Abraham G. Randall, William S. Lincoln, Alexander Hamil- 
 ton. Pms — J. W. Wright. Grass Hill, Ephraim Goulding, 
 Jr. 
 
 Milford. 
 
 This town, the Wopowage of [he Indians, is pleasant, and 
 well watered by Charles and Mill rivers, on which are some 
 valuable mill sites. It lies 28 miles S.W. by W. of Boston, 
 18 S.E. of Worcester, and joins Mendon on the north. It 
 was inc. 1780 ; pop. 1.180; r. ps. 40<^ ; val. 1 64 ; s. m. ^700. 
 Ci — David Long, c; R. S. Pope, u; 1 soc. m. Phs — A S. 
 Peck, J. P—G. D. Peck, N. Nelson, and others. Pms— Par- 
 ley Hunt. South, Whitman Bates. 
 
 New Braintree. 
 
 This town is celebrated for its fine grazing land, good far- 
 mers, and excellent beef, butter and cheese. This town is 
 well watered. Ware river passes its western border. It lies 
 68 miles W. of Boston, 18 W.N.W of Worcester, and 9 N.E. 
 of Ware. It was inc. 1751 ; pop. 825; r. ps 193; val. 
 SI 43. CI — JohnFiske,c; /. P — Joseph Bowman, Henry 
 Penniman, Samuel Mixter. Pm — Amasa Bigelow. 
 
184 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Northborough. 
 
 This is a pleasant farming town of good soil, and watered 
 by the Assabet river. It lies 32 miles W. of Boston, 10 N.E. 
 of Worcester, and about 9 miles N. W. of Hopkinton 
 Springs. Inc. 17GG ; pop. 994 ; r. ps. 283; val. ^1 37 j s. m. 
 $600. CI — Joseph Allen, Samuel A. Fay, c ; 1 soc. b. Phs 
 — Stephen Bell, and Stephen Bell, Jr. All — Martin L. Stow, 
 Pm — Silas Gale. 
 
 Northbridge. 
 
 The Blackstone river ami canal pass through this pleasant, 
 agricultural and manufacturing town. Pop. 1053 ; r. ps. 231 ; 
 val. 51 10; s. m. ,K;400. It lies 33 miles" S.W. by VV. of 
 Boston, and 13 S.E. of Worcester. Inc. 1772. Granite. 
 CI — J. Crane, C. Forbush, c; I soc. of friends, and soc. 
 ni. J. P—A. Spring, J. Fowler, S. Holbrook. Pm — 
 Cheney Taft. 
 
 North Brookfield. 
 
 This town lies G8 miles W. of Boston, 18 W. of Worces- 
 ter, and 33 E. of Springfield. Pop. 1241 ; v ps. 380 ; val. 
 51 GG ; s. m. ^700; inc. 1802. This town is very pleasant. 
 It has a good soil, and is well cultivated. It is on elevated 
 ground and well watered. Here are two large establishments 
 for the manufacture of shoes, employing between 300 and 600 
 hands. It has also a woolen lactory and a furnace. Beautiful 
 pond. CI — Thomas Snell, c ; 1 soc. m. Phi — J. Vail, J, 
 Porter. Alt — Daniel Gilbert. Pm — J. Carey. 
 
 Oakham. 
 
 A hilly township taken from Rutland, 17G2; pop. 1010; r* 
 ps. 240 ; val. ,<j'l 20 ; s. m. ^450. GO miles W. of Boston, 15 
 N.W. hj W. of VV'orcesier. and 15 N.E. of Ware. V\'atered 
 by 5 mile river, a brancii of the Chickapee. One cotton fac- 
 tory. CI — James Kimball, and 1 v. soc. c. Ph — Charles 
 Adams. J. P — William Crawford, Jr., James Adams. 
 Pms—E. W. Skerry. Coldbrook, Walter Felch. 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 First settled by French Protestants about the year 1686. 
 Inc. 1773 ; pop. 2034 ; val. 52 92 ; s. m. ^r,00. 45 miles W. 
 of Boston, 10 S. of Worcester, and G miles S.W. of Milbury. 
 French river passes through the town and afibrcis it a fine 
 water power. E.\tensive manufactories. Oxford Bank has a 
 capital of S100,000. R. Olney, P/.— S. Bastow, Cr. Cl~ 
 L. Robbins, c ; 1 soc. u. Ait — Peter C. Bacon. Pm — Wil- 
 liam Sigourney. 
 
WORCESTER COUNTY. 185 
 
 Paxton. 
 
 Taken from Leicester and Rutland, 1765. Pop. 697; r. ps. 
 173; v;d. 77 cents; s. ni. 5-^5- This is a plc.vKni |)laf e : 
 tributaries of both (he Ccnneciicut and Jleiriiiiar niret 
 here. 7 miles N.W. of Worcesier, and 50 W. of Boston. 
 Cl—1 V. see. c. Ph—\.. Harding, J. P. liradd.yil— Liver- 
 more, J. P. Grosvcnor, N. Dakin, Pin — Tyler Godclard. 
 
 Petersham. 
 
 This town is on high ground. C2 miles W. by. N. of Bos- 
 ton, 27 N W. of Worcester, and 25 S.W. by "W. of Fitch- 
 burgh. Lie. 1754; pop. 1695; r. ps. 448; val. ^2 CO ; s. m. 
 ^800. L is watered bj' Swift river, on which are some man- 
 ufactories of iron ; considerable Palm-leaf is worked here. 
 Pm—H. Hapgood. Cl—G. B. Noyes, C. B. Tracy, c ; 1 
 see. b. Alls — Jared Weed, Aaron Brooks, Jr. Phs — Wil- 
 liam Parker, and Dr. Harding. 
 
 Phillipston. 
 
 Population. 932; r. ps. £61 ; val. gl 34; s. m. 54flO. 
 Taken from Aihol and Templeton, 1786. 'I'his town was call- 
 ed Gerry, until 1812. h is a pleasant lown, well watered, 
 and has considerable manufactures. Beautiful pond. 68 
 miles N.W. by W. of Boston, and 25 N.W. of Worcester. 
 CI — Joseph Chickering. c ; 2 socs. m ; I soc. u ; /. P — Abel 
 Piper, James Stone, Jason Goulding and others. Pnii— 
 James Carruth. 
 
 Princeton. 
 
 The Indian Wuc/i!/*e«, pleasantly situated at the base of the 
 mo'.!nia!n of that name, 43 miles W. I\v N. of Boston, 16 
 N. by W. of Worcesier, and 10 miles S.S.W. of Fiichburgh. 
 Inc.'l738; r. ps. 3l3 ; val. ^i 74; s. m. 5385. 'I'hi.s is a 
 township of good land, and produces considerable quantities 
 of beef, butter, cheese, &c. It is watered by a ^ranrh of the 
 Na'«hna, and has some manufactures. Wachu>ett is 2990 feet 
 ill height ; it is the highest land in the county, and presents a 
 landscape exceedingly varieg-iled and beautiful, li is a place 
 much frequented in summer months. C/ — Alonzo Phil- 
 lips, and I V. soc. c ; I soc b; 1 soc. u. Pin — Alphonzo 
 Brooks, Chandler Smith. J. P — Charles Russell, Charles 
 iM^rick, Jonas Brooks, and Dr. Brooks. Pm — Charles 
 Russell. 
 
186 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Royalstou. 
 
 This town is well watered by Miller's river and some ponds. 
 It has manv fine mill sites. It lies 70 miles W.N.W. of Boston, 
 38 N.W. by N. of Worcester, and 20 W. by N. of Fitchburgh : 
 on the line of N. H. Inc. 1765 ; pop. 1494 ; r. ps. 328 ; val, 
 ^174; s. m. 5^00. This is a good farming town, with 2 
 woolen faciories. CI — Ebenezer Parker, c ; 1 soc. m; 1 soc. 
 b. Fhs — Stephen Batchelder, C. C. Wheaton. Pvi — Frank 
 Gregory. J. P — S. Batchelder, Jr., Timothy Lewis, S. God- 
 <lard, <£c. 
 
 Rutland. 
 
 This town was formerly 12 miles square, and was sold, by 
 the Indians, in IfiSG, for £23 lawful money. First settled 
 about 1720. Inc. 1722; pop. I27G ; r. ps. ;i3l ; val. ^1 86 ; 
 s. m. S700. It lies 61 mllns W. of Boston. 12 N.W. of U'or- 
 coster, and 7 S.S.W. of Princeton. It is watered by a branch 
 of Ware river. \ good grazing township, and considerable 
 exports of beef, buUer, and cheese. Fine fishing at Musla- 
 paag diWd Long Ponds. Good water power; a woolen manu- 
 factory. C7.~-Josiah Clark, and 1 v. soc. c ; I soc. u. Fhs— 
 John Frink, Samuel Gates. ^<<— Rufus Putnam. Pm— 
 Rufus Putnam. 
 
 Shrewsbury. 
 
 This is a pleasant agricultural town, of uneven surface and 
 good soil. It lies 36 miles W. by S. of Boston, and 6 E. of 
 Worcester. Quinsio-amond and other ponds. There are 
 considerable manufactures here of leather, shoes and guns. 
 
 Levi Pease, the father of mail stages in this country, was a 
 native of this town. He died here, 1824, aged 86. Mr. 
 Pease was a man of great enterprise ; he projected the first 
 turnpike road in New England, and to his zeal and sacrifices 
 the public is more indebted than to any other inan for its 
 excellent mail establishment. At the time Mr. Pease started 
 his first line of mail stages between Boston and New York, in 
 1784, the mail between those places passed only once a fort- 
 night, on horseback, in a pair of saddlebags. This town was 
 inc. 1727; pop. 1386; r. ps. 375 ; val. S\ 73. C/— George 
 Allen, c ; I soc. b; 1 soc. m. Phs — William Workman, A. 
 Brigham, and Azar R. Phelps. Ati — William Pratt. Pm — C. 
 R. Stone. 
 
 Southborought 
 
 Taken from Marlborough in 1727. Pop. 1080. r. ps. 289 ; 
 val. gl 29; s. m. ;g432. This town has a good soil ; it is 
 
WORCESTER COUNTY. 187 
 
 pleasant and principally agricultural. The Boston and Wor- 
 cester Railroad passes through it. It lies :26 miles W. of 
 Boston, and 15 E. of Worr-esier. Here are woolen and 
 otiier factories, and some valuable water privileges unim- 
 proved. CI — A. Sampson, b; Walter Follet, and J. D. 
 Sweet, c ; Phs — Joel Burnett, Joseph Bnllard. J. F — Wil- 
 lard Newton, James Ball, Perley Whipple, Dexter Fay. 
 Pm — Sullivan Fay. 
 
 Southbridge. 
 
 This town was taken from Sturbridgein 1814. Pop. 1444. 
 r. ps. 383; val. J? I 70; s. m. 5600. The Quinneboag river 
 affords it a good water power, and manufacturing is carried on 
 here to considerable extent. It lies 54 miles S. W. by W. of 
 Boston, 19 S. S. W. of Worcester, and 10 miles N. W. of 
 Thompson. Ct. CI — David C. Bolles, b ; H.J. Lamb,c; 
 Acts — F. W. Bottom, Linus Child. Pm — Larkin Amidon. 
 
 Spencer. 
 
 This town is watered by 7 mile river, a branch of the 
 Chickapee. It was t;iken I'rom Leiceisler, 1753. Pop. 1618 ; 
 r. ps. 426 ; val. g2 07 ; s. m. g699. 52 miles VV. of Boston, 
 and 12 W. of Worcester. Here are factories of woolen cloth 
 and scythes, and two powder mills. Many shoes are maim- 
 factured here. This town is on high ground, and is said to be 
 950 feet above the tide waters in Boston harbor. CI — Gil- 
 man Noyes, u ; Levi Packard, c ; 1 soc. b ; Phs — Drs. 
 Spaulding and Guilford ; /. P — James Draper, William Pope 
 and others. Pms — Amos Bemis, Jr. North, John M. 
 Goodell. 
 
 Sterling. 
 
 First settled about 1721. Taken from Lancaster, 1781. 
 It lies 40 miles W. of Boston, 12 N. of Worcester, and 6 S. 
 W. of Lancaster. This town is watered i)y Still river, and 
 several ponds which afford tjood fish. The manufacture of 
 chairs is carried on here to a great extent. Pop. 1789 ; r. ps 
 471 ; val. 52 20 ; s. m. ^800 ; C/— Peter Osgood, c ; 1 soc. 
 u. Phs— P. T. Kendall, L. Allen. ^«— Alexander Dustin. 
 Pot— Thomas II. Blood. 
 
 Sturbridge. 
 
 This town is well watered by Quinneboag river, on which 
 are two cotton mills in successful operation, and other manu- 
 factories. Good fishing in the ponds. It lies 60 miles W. S. 
 
188 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 W. of Boston, 18 S. W. of Worcester, and 48 N. W. of Prov- 
 idence. On the line of Connecticut. Tliis lown is about Hi ms. 
 N. E. of SUifford Springs, in Connecticut. These springs 
 are much visjted. One contains a lar^e portion of hydrogen 
 gas and some iron. 'I'lie other is chalybeate. These waters 
 are doubtless useful in many diseases. Both sick and well 
 receive good accommodations. Stafford is 26 miles N. E. of 
 Hartford. Pop. of Slurbridge, 1688; r. ps. 401; val. %2 
 34; s. m. gSOO. Inc. 1738. C7— Joseph S. Clark, c ; Ad- 
 dison Parker, b. Plis — Jacob Carey, Jr. Hosea Wheeler, 
 Calvin P. Fisk. Au — George Davis. Pin — Alvin Alien. 
 
 Sutton. 
 
 This is a pleasant town and extensively engaged in manu- 
 faciuring. It is watered by the Blackstone river, and the 
 Rlarkstone canal passes through it. Here arc 3 Cotton Mills, 
 2 Woolen and other factories. Soap-stone. Granite. "Pur- 
 gatory Cavern" iti this town is a great curiosity. It is a fis- 
 sure in Gneiss, nearly half a mile long, in most parts partially 
 filled by the masses of rock that have been detached fioni the 
 walls. The sides are often perpendicular, and sometimes 70 
 feet high ; being separated from each other about 50 feet. 
 {See Hitchcock's Geolog)', p. 106.) Persons visiting this 
 cavern must guard against rattlesnakes. CI — D. L. B. Good- 
 win, e ; Job B Boomer, John Walker, b; Mr. Tracy, c. 
 Phs — Leonard Pierce, and Dr. Smith. All — Edward Clark. 
 P/«— Ebeiiezer Caldwell. Pop. 2186 ; r ps. 467 ; val. $'■1 61; 
 s. m. 5IJOO. Inc. 1715. It lies 44 miles W. by S. of Bo.ston, 9 
 S.by E. of Worcester, and 15 S. W. of Hopkinton Springs. 
 
 Templeton. 
 
 This is a very pretty town, of uneven surface, but much 
 good land. Ii is watered by branches of Miller's and Chicka- 
 pee rivers, and has many excellent mill sites. Here is a 
 Woolen factory, a hoe factory and a foundry. Considerable 
 Palm Leaf is manufactured. It lies 6t1 miles W. N. W. of 
 Boston, 26 N. W.by N. of Worcester, and 28 S. E. of Keene, 
 N. H. Pop. l."),5i ; r. ps. 418; val. §2 01; s. m. ,S"700. 
 67 — Charles Wellington, and Mr. Bales, c; 1 v. soc. b. 
 Phs — J. \V. D. Osgood, Mason Spooner. Alt — Edward 
 Kirkland. Pm — Artemas Lee. 
 
 Upton. 
 
 This town was set off from Sutton, Mendon, and Hopkin- 
 ton in 1735. Pop. 1157 ; r. ps. 302 ; val. $1 46 ; •. m. g600. 
 20* 
 
WORCESTER COUNTY. 189 
 
 A branch of the Blacksfone rises from a pond in this town. 
 Good orchards. It lies 35 miles W. S. W. of Boston, 15 S. E, 
 of Worcester, and 7 S. W. of Hopklnlon Springs. C/—D. 
 B. Bullard, b ; Benjamin Wood, c ; 1 soc. u; I soc.m. Ph — ■ 
 John Slarkvveaiher. J. P — Ezra Wood, Elisha Bradish, Eli 
 Warren. Pm—E,\i Warren. 
 
 Uxbridge. 
 
 The waters of Mumford river and of the Blackstone river 
 and canal pass througjh this town, and afford it valuable and 
 extensive hydraulic i)ovvers. Here are five Woolen Factories, 
 two large Cotton Mills, and a machine shop. Iron ore. Gran- 
 ite. The Indian Wacunliig;. 'J'liis town is very pleasant and 
 very flourishing. It lies 40 miles S. W. of Boston. 17 S. by 
 E. of Worcester, and 24 N. N. \V. of Providence. Inc. 1727; 
 pop. 208G ; r. ps. 440 ; val. 52 93 ; s. m. 5600. Tiie Black- 
 stone Bank has a capital of ^100,000. B. Tdft, Jr. Pt. Jon- 
 athan Gregory, Cr. CI — Samuel Clark, David A. Grosve- 
 nor, c ; 1 soc. friends ; 1 soc. m ; 1 soc. b. Phs — George 
 Willnrd and Dr. Bobbins. Alts — IJenjainin Adams, B. Tait, 
 Jr., Joseph Thayer, and F. Ueane, Jr. Pins — John VV. Cap- 
 ron. North — Samuel Read. 
 
 Ward. 
 
 This town was formerly part of Worcester, Sutton, Leices- 
 ter and Oxford, and was named in honor of Artemas Ward, 
 the first Major General in the Revolutionary War, who died 
 at Shrewsbury, Oct. 28, 1800. It was inc. 1778 ; pop. 690; 
 r. ps. 172 ; val. 85 cts.; s. m. 5^00. It is watered by French 
 river, and its soil is well adapted to agricultural purposes. It 
 lies 43 miles W. S.W. of Boston, and 5 S. by W. of Worces- 
 ter. CI — John Paine, b; M. G. Pratt, c. Ph — Daniel 
 Green. J. P — John Clark, Solomon Sibley, Thomas Drury, 
 Jr. Ptn — Lyman Gale. 
 
 Warren. 
 
 This town was incorporated by the name of Western in 
 1741. In 1834, its name was changed to that of Warren. It 
 lies 60 miles W. bv S. of Boston, 23 S. S. W . of Worcester, 
 and 2G N. E. bv £. of Springfield. Pop. 1889; r. ps. 311 ; 
 val. ,91 62; s. in. 56OO. It is watered by the Chickapee, 
 and is 7 miles S. E. of Ware. CI — 1 soc. u ; I soc. c. 
 Ph — Nelson Carpenter. J. P — Harvey Sessions, Pardon 
 Kevs, J. Bacon, and others. Pmi~s— Naih.on Hathaway. South 
 R. llodsres. 
 
190 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY- 
 
 Webster. 
 
 This town was set off from Dudley and Oxford, and incor* 
 paraied, in 1^32 French river, and a large pond emptying 
 mlo it, gives this place water privileges of 20 feet head, 
 and of great power and constancy. There are in this towa 
 3 woolen factories, and 4 large cotton mills, a machine shop, 
 &c. &c. It lies 50 miles W.S.W. of Boston, 16 S. of Wor- 
 cester, 4o E. by S. of Springfield, and 28 N.W. of Provi- 
 dence. The remnant of the Dudley tribe of Indians reside 
 here. Their number is about 40 ; but few of them are of 
 pure blood. They own some land and receive a stipend from 
 the State. <7/— Mr. Gove, b ; 1 soc. m. Phs — Charles 
 Negus, John W. Tenny. J. P— Geo. B. Slater, /^m— Jon- 
 athan Day. 
 
 Westborough. 
 
 This is a pleasant town, 32 miles W. of Boston, (by rail- 
 road) 10 K. of Worcester, andS.i N.W. of Hopkinion Springs. 
 It was formerly a part of Marlborough, and was inc. 17 17; 
 pop. 1438 ; r. ps. 378 ; val. gl 74 ; s. m. g700. It is of good 
 soil and well watered by branches of Concord and ."^udbury 
 rivers. Large ponds ; good fishing. Granite. Considerable 
 manufactures of shoes and edge tools. CI — Hosea Hildreth, 
 and 1 V. soc. c ; A. King, b. /•/(«— -Benjamin Pond, Jr. and 
 Dr. Rising. Atts — N. Harrington, O. Peters. Fm — Onslow 
 Peters. 
 
 West Boylston. 
 
 Set off from Boylston, in 1808. First settled about 1720. 
 The Nashua river as it passes through this town affords a 
 good water power. It is of excellent soil, well cultivated, 
 and very pleasant. Here are 3 cotton mills, a machine shop, 
 and other smaller factories. Pop. 1053 ; i. ps. 245 ; val. 
 gl 20 ; s. m. 5500. C/— Elijah Payne, P. R. Russell, c ; 
 1 soc. b. Phs — Sherman Smith and Dr. Griggs. J. P— 
 Robert B. Thomas, Joseph While, fm — T. Davis. 
 
 Westminster. 
 
 This town lies on the ranse of high lands which sep- 
 arate the waters of the Connecticut and Merrimac. From 
 the village a prospect is presented of lake and mountain with all 
 the varied scenery which renders a New England town pecu- 
 liarly delightful. Several streams, rising from large ponds in 
 this town and its neighborhood, produce a considerable water 
 power which is improved for manufactories of various kinds. 
 These waters are so elevated and constant, that, with a small 
 
WORCESTER COUNTY 191 
 
 expense, they might be rendered exceedingly valuable. They 
 deserve the particular attention of those in search of mill 
 sites in this part of the state. This town lies 50 miles VV.N.W. 
 of Boston, 20 N. by W. of Worcester, and 7 miles S.W. of 
 Filchbur^h. Inc. 1759; pop 1695; r. ps. 430; val. gl 83; 
 s. m. gSOn. CI — Charles Hudson, u; Cyrus Mann, c; 1 
 soc. b. Phs — John White, Flavel Cutting. All — Simon 
 Sanderson. Fni — Timothy Dotey. 
 
 Winchendon. 
 
 This town is watered by Miller's river, on which are a cotton 
 and woolen factory. The mineral spring in this town is not 
 much visited. It was inc. 1764 ; pop. 14G3 ; r. ps. 361; val. 
 SI 72 ; s. m. 5^00. It is a pleasant town, and lies 60 miles 
 N.W. by W.of Boston, 34 N.N.W of Worcester, and 16 N. 
 W. by VV. of Fitchburgh. C/— Caleb Brown, b; I v. soc c ; 
 I soc. m. Phs — Alva Godding, and Dr. Fay. J. P — Wm. 
 Dunbar, Enoch Kidder, Mark VVhitcomb, and others. Pvi 
 — M. Whilcomb. 
 
 "IVorcester. 
 
 This town was incorporated in 1684, but in consequence of 
 Indian hostilities the first town meeting was not held until 
 1722. This part of the country was called by the Indians 
 Quinsigamond, and Talmuck and Bogachoak hills were In- 
 dian residences. The central situation of the town, both in 
 regard to the county and state, the fertility of its soil and 
 that of the surrounding country ; the salubrity of its climate, 
 and the industry, intelligence and wealth of its people, have 
 long since entitled it to the honor of being called the chief 
 town of "the Heart of the Commonwealth." The town is 
 situated in a valley and surrounded by hills of gen'le acclivity. 
 It is well built and beautifully shaded, and travellers, from 
 every direction, are delighted with its neatness and beauty. 
 
 A number of the streams which form the head waters of the 
 Blackstone meet in this town, and furnish a considerable 
 water power. Here are 4 woolen factories, 2 cotton mills, a 
 number of large machine shops, paper mills, a wire and screw 
 factory, and large establishments for the manufacture of car- 
 riages, and various other articles This is the centre of a 
 large inland trade. The Blackstone canal passes from this 
 town to Providence, a distance ef 45 miles. It was opened in 
 18. '8, and cost 5600,000. Its dividends are merely nominal. 
 See Columbian Traveller, &c. p. 24. 
 
 The State Lunatic Hospital, is a handsome building, ad- 
 mirably conducted, and is an institution honorable to human 
 nature. It is a receptacle for all persons arraigned as criminals, 
 
192 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 but found to have committed the offences in a state of insani' 
 ty ; — of paupers, and of those who are so furiously mad as to 
 render their continuance at large dangerous to the community. 
 Allhougii the worst cases of insanity are found liere, yet ex- 
 perience has proved that there are very few cases of derange- 
 ment which may not be ameliorated by the kindly influences 
 of humane treatment. The average recoveries hitherto has 
 been 53 3-4 per cent. This institution was established in 1832. 
 The number received to Dec. 1, 1834, was 163 males — 107 
 females, total, 272. There remained, at that time, 118, which 
 is about the average number of patients. The cost of main- 
 taining the Hospital from Dec. 1, 1833, to Nov. 30, 1834, was 
 ^13,8'JO. The Hospital is about being enlarged, and thereby 
 Its usefulness extended. Samuel Woodward, M.D. Superin- 
 tendent. George Chandler, Assistant Physician and Apothe- 
 cary. Mrs. Sophia Hitchcock, Matron. 
 
 This town is the seat of many religious, literary and philan- 
 thropic societies. 
 
 The American Antiquarian Society,was founded in 1812. By 
 the liberality of the late Isaiah Thomas, L.L.D. one of its first 
 benefactors, a spacious hall was erected in 18i;0,for the reception 
 of its large and valuable cabinet of antiquities and its library of 
 about 12,000 volumes of American publieations,particularly of 
 all works pertaining to American history, and literature gen- 
 erally. Mr. Thomas was the father of New-England prin- 
 ters. He published the first newspaper in this town, in 1775, 
 and, a few years after, the first bible in America. He was a 
 gentleman of great patriotism and liberality. He was born 
 in Boston, January 19, 1749, and died in this town, April 4, 
 1831. There are diree banks in this town with a capital of 
 ^400,000, and two mutual fire insurance companies. Popula- 
 tion, 1820, 2,9(52— 1830, 4,172. May 1, 1835, G,634 ; r. ps. 
 1231 ; val. $\0 83. It lies in N. lat. 42° 23' and W. Ion. 71° 
 44'. It is 394 miles from Washington. 40 \V. of Boston. 51 E. 
 of Northampton. 38 S. W. of Lowell, and 41 N.N.W of 
 Providence. CI — Aaron Bancroft, Alonzo Hill, R. A. Mil- 
 ler, and 1 V. soc. c ; F. A. VV'illard, b ; 1 soc. m ; and a soc. 
 r. c, for whom a chapel is now building. Phs — Oliver Fiske, 
 John Green, B. F. Heywood, John S. Butler, A. C. Babcock 
 and Dr. Blood. Atls — See Law Register. Ptn — Jubal Hair- 
 rington. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 United States Officers in Boston and Charles* 
 town. 
 
 Collector, David Henshaw. 
 
 Adams Baile}', Deputy Collector. 
 
 John Bingham, Dutij-Bond Accountant. 
 
 Charles J. F. Allen, Principal Debenture Clerk. 
 
 El>enezer Hathoine, Dehen. Account. §• Assist. Clerk. 
 
 Edward W. Parker, Cashier and Book-Keeper. 
 
 John T. Prince, B. Clerk and Statistical Book-Keeper. 
 
 Rufus M. Gay, Import Clerk. 
 
 William Alline, Impost Book-Keeper. 
 
 Foreign Clearances and Coasting Department. 
 
 William A Wellman, Principal Clerk. 
 
 ^Villiam Rowson, Marine Clerk. 
 
 Samnel VVhilromb, Jr. Coastwise Clerk. 
 
 George B. Wellman, Assistant Clerk. 
 
 L. M. Parker, Naral Officer. 
 
 William Palfrey. Deputy Naval Officer. 
 
 James P. Treadwell, Clerk. 
 
 John M'Nicl, Siirveiior. 
 
 Hugh Jameson, Deputy S?/n-ei/or. 
 Keeper of the Custom House and Messenger, Natli'l Paine. 
 
 Commander of Revenue Cutter, h<iw\% Girdler. 
 
 \st Lieut. Samuel P. Scolt. 2rf Lieut. Thomas Stoddard. 
 
 3(/ Lieut. Osmund Peters 
 
 District Judge, John Davis. Attorney, John Mills. Mar^ 
 ihal, Jonas S. Sihley. Deputy Marshals, Horatio Bass, 
 Henry Harris. District Clerk, Francis Bassett. 
 
 Navy Agent, Daniel D. Brodhead. 
 
 Commandant at the Navy Yard, John Dowues. 
 
 Naval Store-Keeper, George Bates. 
 
 Militia, and Synopsis of the Laws. 
 
 We promised on page 9, to say something more of the 
 Militia, and to give a synopsis of the laws passed at the la.st 
 session of the Legislature ; but as the subject of the former is 
 lot of general interest, and the latter principally of a local 
 iharacter, they are omitted. 
 
194 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 Idassnchuselts Hospital in Boston, and McLean 
 Asylum for the insane at Charle^town. 
 
 These departments of the Massachusetts Oeneral Hospital, although 
 separately iDCalud, are one liistitutioi;, and \va< incorporated, 1811 It 
 ij utiJer the m ma^enient of a Board of J"2 TiiisleHs, and a Board of5 
 Viiitura. TliB funiis of the In^tiiuiioii, including the munificent 
 donatio;i3 of the late John McLean, Esq. and Miss Mary Belltnap, is 
 aliout $iaj,030. 
 
 H.i.-ipUal ill Boston. The nuinbor of patients received into this 
 Hou-!« since its estahlishnient, tn June, 18;i5, was 5,658. The average 
 nuni'jBr of sick in the House is about 45 The average annual cost 
 to the Instiiulion, for each patient, for five succesjive years, was 
 $1 62, a vvfek. Whilst no patients pay more than three dollars a 
 weuk, (except a few who have e.xtra rooms and attendants,) nearly 
 two tliirds of the whole number are entirely fieo ; consequently those 
 who do not |iay, receive $4 ti2, and those who do pay receive gl 6.' a 
 wsek from the funds of this noble charity. JiUing Surgconv. John 
 U. Warren, George llaywaril. Meting Physicians, James Jackson, 
 John Ware, Walter Channing. Superintendent, Gamaliel Brad- 
 ford, M. iJ. Cost of the land and buildings, $144,5d3. 
 
 JHcLean Msijlain. This establishment is located on a beautiful rise 
 of gr. und, in Charlestown, near East Camhiidge, and about a mile 
 anil a half from the City Hall. 'J'hf buihlings are firgu and arc ex- 
 ceedingly well adapted to their philanthropic design They cost 
 al)i)ul $183 000. This Huuse was opened for patients on the 6th of 
 October, 1818, and froM that time loJanuaiyl, 1834,1015 patients 
 were received. Of this number, 234 were married, and 340 unmar- 
 ried, males ; 233 married, and 173 uinnarried, females. Of this num- 
 ber, 70 were from 10 to 2:1 years of ago : 616 from 2J to 40, (of which 
 338 were males, and 248 females;) 191 from 40 to 50 ; 91 from 50 
 to 63 ; and 47 from 6'l to 83. Uf this number 302 recovered ; 143 were 
 much improved, 140 benefitted, 89 died, 21 eloped, 193 were not im- 
 proved, and 67 remained in the Asylum. Of this number, 112 had 
 been intemperate ; 122 had insane ancestors, and 59 had near collater- 
 als, hut no ancestors stated as insane. The average current expen- 
 ses of each patient at this ."Asylum, is estimated at $4 50 a week. 
 The lowest rate for which patients belonging to this Stale are receiv- 
 ed, is S3 a week— from other States $4 53 a «cek. The number of 
 patients received from January 1, 1834, to June 19, 1835, was 150. 
 The number of patients at the latter date, was 88, « hich was a great- 
 er number than at any former pciiod. Rufus WvMArt, M. I). 
 was Superintendent and Physician from the commencement of the 
 Asylum to May, 1835, to whom the public i-i much indebted for 
 the great intelligence and fidelity by which he has advanced its 
 usefulness. Superintendent and Physician, 'i'homvisG Lee. Steward, 
 Columbus Tyler. Matron, Mrs. 'I'ylcr. Assistant and Apothecary, 
 Kdward Rowland. 
 
 Belonging to, and siirroundiiig this Asylum, are about 15 acres of 
 land appropriated to courts and garilens. These are laid out with 
 gravelled walks; the former are furnished with summer liousps, and 
 the latter are ornamented with groves of fmit and ornamental trees, 
 shrubbery and flowers. Surrounding the lower garden and within 
 the enclosure, is a carriage path, where patients are taken to ride. 
 Id the ceutre is a small frcuh water pond containing several hun- 
 
APPENDIX 196 
 
 dred gold and silver fish, and immediately contiguous, is a summer 
 house where the patients at times resoit for games and amusements. 
 The system of moral treatment adopted and pursued, is founded 
 upon principles of elevated henevolcnce and philanthropy, and an 
 acquaintance with human nature and the capahilities and wants of 
 the insane. The previous tastes, hahits and pursuits, and the present 
 inclinations and feelings of each individual, are habitually consulted. 
 A library for the use of the patients has recently been purchased, and 
 those of them who are disposed to read, are permitted at stated peri- 
 ods to send in their names and the number of the book desired ; the 
 list is examined and approved by the physician, and the books are 
 distributed by the librarian. In the same way, writing materials are 
 distributed, and patients are engaged in keeping journals — writing 
 sketches of their lives — poetry — addressing letters to their friends 
 and in drawing, &c. Some ongnge in games, as bowling — throwing 
 the ring — battledore — graces — jumping the rope — chess — draughts — 
 back-gammon, (Stc, or are occupied in walking and riding into the 
 country, Of in making fishing excursions in the company of their at- 
 tendants ; while others are working on the farm and in the garden. 
 The female patients besides boingemployed in various kinds of needle 
 and ornamental work, are engaged in various domestic labors. 
 About 30 of the quiit and convalescent patients now regularly attend 
 the religious exercises of the family, and a portion of them join in the 
 vocal and instrumental music of the occasion ; a part of this number 
 also attend church on the Sabbath in company with the nurses and 
 attendants, and dine with the family. A regulated intercourse with 
 the family and society is regarded as an important auxifiary in the 
 means of cure, and on suitable occasions they are invited into the 
 house, where parties are made for their special amusement and 
 benefit. 
 
 New-England Institution for the Education of 
 the Blind, in Boston. 
 
 This Institution was incorporated in 1829; but little was accomplish- 
 ed until 1832, when Dr. Howe returned from Europe, accompanied 
 by a blind teacher ; manifesting that zeal in the cause of the blind 
 which had distinguished his philanthropic labors, in another sphere, 
 in a distant land. He opened a school with six blind young scholars. 
 The progress of those children was so great, and the value of an In- 
 stitution of the kind so apparent, that liCgislatures and citizens, 
 generally, became much interested. By public and private donations, 
 particularly by the influence of Ladies in several parts of New Eng- 
 land, and by the munificent gift of a splendid building in Pearl Street, 
 by the Hon. Thomas H. Perkins, the Institution has increased, both 
 in re|.'Utation and funds, with unparalleled success. 'I'he scholars are 
 instructed in all those blanches common in other schools, and some 
 of them in the higher branches of literature. Music is llio study of 
 all. Mechanical labors are taught and enjoyed by the pupils. Musi- 
 cal instruments of all kinds, and other implements are provided for 
 their convenience and use. A printing piess is established, and sev- 
 eral books have been printed in embossed letters, which are superior to 
 any in Europe. It is exceedingly delightful to see these interesting 
 youth, whoso lives once seemed a dreary waste, and witnessing their 
 
196 MASSACHUSETTS DIRECTORY. 
 
 improvement in acquiring useful knowledse, partakins; of all those 
 recreations, natural and proper for their age, sex, and condition, and 
 fitting themselves for useful stations in society. The annual expense 
 to thnse who pay is $150. There have heen admitleii into ♦he lii- 
 Bti'ution, 58 ; 43 now reinnin. It is estimated that tliB numlwr of 
 blind, of all ages, in the United States, exceeds 700O. The institu- 
 tion Is managed by a Board of Trustees, and is patronized hy the 
 Governments of all the New-England States. Director, S. G. Howe, 
 M. D. Professor of Jihisic, L. Mason. Teacher, E. Trencheri. 
 Master Workman, J. Pringle. Matron, Mrs. Smith. 
 
 Eye and Ear Infirmary. 
 
 This Institution was commenced in Boston, by Drs. Jeffries and 
 Reynolds, in 1824, from a conviction of its utility and importance, 
 derived from what they had seen and known of similar establishmems 
 in Europe. Those gentlemen conducted the establishment at their 
 own expense for some time, during which large numbers received the 
 most important benefits. In 1827, by the philanthropic exertign? of 
 these and other gentlemen, an Act of Incorporation wai obtained, 
 and some funds wire raised. As early as 1828, 2,fil0 cases were 
 treated at the Infirmary, of which about five sixths were eured. Of 
 those cases about one sixth were for diseases of the Ear. Since that 
 time the number of applicants has increased annually; iind this Insti- 
 tution, whose merits are not surpassed by any other in the city, cannot 
 fail of receiving that patronage it so richly deserves. Physicians — 
 John Jeffries, Edward Reynolds. 
 
 Votes for Governor. 
 
 IS."?!. Levi Lincoln, 30,908. Marcus Morton, 14,440. 
 
 1832. Levi Lincoln, 28,804. Samuel Lalhrop, 13,357. 
 Marcus Morton, 10,975. 
 
 1833. Levi Lincoln, 33,946. Marcus Morton, 16,197. 
 Samuel Lathrop, 14,955. 
 
 1834. John Davis, 25,149. J. Q. Adams, 18,274. Mar- 
 cus Morton, 15,493. S. C. Allen, 3,459. (Mr. Davis was 
 elected by the Legislature.) 
 
 1835. Whole number of votes, 75,346. Necessary for a 
 choice, 37.674. John Davis had 43,757. Marcus Morton, 
 18,683. John Bailey, 9,160. S. C. Allen, 3,680. Others, 166. 
 
 Govei nor Davis being chosen Senator to Congress, from the 3d of 
 March, the duties of Governor devolved on the Lieut. Governor for 
 the residue of the political year. 
 
 {)::2r'f°f ^ great variety of information with regard to the various 
 Institutions in Boston, the names uf their ofSers, and the name and 
 place of residence of every house-keeper and peison in butiness in 
 the city, the reader is referred to the Boston Dirictort, a work 
 accomplished annually, with great fidelity, by Chailcs Stimpsoii, Jr. 
 Bookseller, 72 Washington Street. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 As all the Counties and Towns are arranged Alphabetically, 
 but few notices under this head will be necessary. 
 
 Advertisement - - 1 
 Amendments.City Charter 170 
 Antiquarian Society - 192 
 Appendix ... 193 
 
 Baggage Wagons - 144 
 
 Boston. Antiquities - 150 
 
 " Aqueduct 148 
 
 " Auctioneers 115 
 
 •' Avenues 117 
 
 " Banking and In- 
 surance Cos. 136 
 
 " Churches &Min.l20 
 
 " City Charter 155 
 
 " do Motto 174 
 
 " do Officers 113 
 
 " Commerce 134 
 
 " Commercial Accom- 
 modations 134 
 
 " Finances 135 
 
 " Fires - 144 
 
 " Fire Department 145 
 
 " Health 145 
 
 " Houses of In. &-c.l3'2 
 
 " Improvements. !49 
 
 " Instructors 115 
 
 " Physicians 116 
 
 " Population 131 
 
 " Post-Office 149 
 
 " Public Buildings 118 
 
 " Public Houses 138 
 
 " Schools 131 
 
 " Steam Boats 143 
 
 " Theatres 133 
 
 " Water 146 
 
 " Wood.Build.173-174 
 Bunker Hill Monument 79 
 
 Byfield ... 46 
 
 Chalk Pond - - 57 
 
 Colleges. Amherst 65 
 
 " Harvard 75 
 
 Williamston 27 
 
 Counties. Barnstable 11 — 16 
 
 " Berkshire 17—23 
 
 •' Bristol 29—36 
 
 " Dukes 37—38 
 
 " Essex 39—60 
 
 " Franklin 61 — 57 
 
 " Hampden 69—64 
 
 " Hampshire 6.5—71 
 
 " Middlesex 73—91 
 
 " Nantucket 93—91 
 
 " Norfolk 96—102 
 
 " Plymouth 103—110 
 
 Suffolk 111—175 
 
 " Worcester 176—192 
 
 Executions - - 60 
 
 Eye and Ear Infirmary 196 
 
 Falls. Canaan, Ct. 26 
 
 Cohoes, N. Y. 22 
 
 Montmorency, L.C. 21 
 South Hadley 70 
 
 Trenton, N. Y. 22 
 
 Turner's 5'1 
 
 Distances from 
 
 Albany to New York 20 
 
 " to Niagara 21 
 
 " to Montreal & Quebec 22 
 " to Saratoga 21 
 
 from Buflalo up the Lakes and 
 to St. Louis, Mi. 21 
 
 Montreal to Boston 22 
 
 Niagara to Montreal and 
 Quebec - - 21 
 
/ 
 
 7 ^ 
 
 193 
 
 Indians. Dudley - 190 
 
 '■ Herring Pond 105 
 " Marshpee 14 
 
 " Martha's Vineyard 37 
 
 Instilution for llie Blind 195 
 " for Savin<rs 8 
 
 INDEX, - '- ' 
 
 Navy Yard /T -»/ — 
 New Lebanon, N. Y. - . 
 New York. Mortality" - 
 " Water 
 
 Lunatic Hospital. State 191 
 
 Mass 
 
 Banks & Ins. 
 
 Cos. 7 
 
 
 Bays & Boun 
 
 Jaries 5 
 
 
 Debt & Resources 8 
 
 
 Geological Survey &c. 6 
 
 
 Hospital 
 
 119 194 
 
 
 Legislature 
 
 9. 193 
 
 
 Militia 
 
 9. 193 
 
 
 Map 
 
 6 
 
 
 Maritime Districts 7 
 
 
 Name 
 
 6 
 
 
 Paupers 
 
 9 
 
 
 Population 
 
 7 
 
 
 Rateable Poll 
 
 s 4 7 
 
 
 School Fund «fc Money 8 
 
 
 State Prison 
 
 79 
 
 
 Valuation 
 
 8 
 
 McLc 
 
 an Asylum 
 
 194 
 
 Midd 
 
 esex Canal 
 
 - 1.-^6 
 
 Mount Auburn 
 
 77 
 
 Mount Holyoke 
 
 69 
 
 A 
 
 Rail Roads 
 
 79 
 
 20 
 
 149 
 13G 
 
 Salt. Onondaga Lake, N. Y. 21 \ 
 
 Shakers 20. 88. 180 H 
 
 Synopsis of the Laws 193\ti^ 
 
 Springs. Brookfield 178 7? 
 
 " Hopkinton 83 
 
 " New Lebanon, N.Y. 20 
 
 " Saratoga, N. Y. 22 
 
 " Sluiteslnirv 55 
 
 " Staflbrd, Ct. 188 
 
 " Williamstown 27 
 
 Stages - - - 139 
 
 Theological. Ins. Andover 40 
 " Seminary, Newton 87 
 
 United States. Armory 62 
 " " Arsenal 90 
 
 " " Officers 193 
 
 Nahant 
 
 44' 
 
 Votes for Governor 
 
 Wachusctt, 
 Wesleyan Academy 
 Winnesimet Ferry 
 
 196 
 
 185 
 63 
 175 
 
 Advertisement. 
 
 The Subscriber having taken commodious rooms in a central pait 
 of Boston, hereby gives notice to his friends and tlie public tliat he 
 will attend to the sales of all publications which maybe entrusted 
 to his care, or ordered to be purchased, for a moderate commission, rf 
 with fidelity and despatch. " ' 
 
 As the water power of New En|xland is immense, and when duly 
 appreciated will he considered the basis of her wealth and prosperity ; 
 and as this species of property is more and more sought for, the Sub- 
 scriber prop()a(!3 to those who have water rinJits for sale, to leave with 
 him plans of the same, describing particularly their power .'it the 
 dryest season of the y°ar, and all other information concerning them 
 which purchasers may desire. 
 
 The location and business of the Subscriber, and his know ledge of " 
 most parts of New-England, induces him to believe that he can be 
 tisuful to his fellow citizens in their negociations in this respect, and 
 of other real estate. In all future publications by the Editor of this 
 work, in regard to New England, it is proposed to devtoe some pagen r^ 
 to Advertisements of Real Estate. JOHN HAYWARD, ^-^ 
 
 Jui-r, 1835. Comer of Court and Trcmont Streets. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 0DDE3T7737D