*^«,^ ^ •>* ^Y - . ""--"■'- ■ ill ''«.- -■ ' /. \ '^' ,.i'~ II.'. ., ,- . ^^^ ' yO^.. .'X'- "'l-^ * O N " \'^ :-s\ rS xO^.. <^ /■ .-^- ^^, $'' '%. ^ .. ^. *. .0- ,X> ^OQ A 'V r.r. -^^ -/• '■^^ - ^ ' « ^ '^ ' .'^' .A^ . ^ ' « * '^b vX ■f \j '^j^?:?^^^^ >,-*i'.. c^:^^^I.^x. ./ ,•" V 1 ^ ' ■■■■ v"^ '^ V r - • aVj;. I vX^' ^^ = c*- %.' .0^^ ,s^ -%-, . % 8 1^ -s ^ " " ' /, C V , 'bo'' *.^ .'^^ ':^: *t^ ^ Czi HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY, MISSOURI. AVltlTTEN AND COMPILED FROM THE MOST AUTHENTIC OFFICIAL AND PRI^ ATE SOURCES ; INCLUDING A HISTOEY OF ITS TOwisrsHiPS, TOw:^^s and villages. TOGETHER WITH A CONDENSED HISTORY OF MISSOURI ; TPIE CITY OF ST. LOUIS ; A RELIABLE AND DETAILED HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY — ITS PIONEER RECORD, AYAR HISTORY, RESOURCES, BIOGRAPHICAL SIvETCHES AND PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT CITIZENS; GENER.VL AND LOCAL STATISTICS OP GREAT VALUE, AND A LARGE AMOUNT OF LEGiYL AND MISCELLANEOUS /^^"^"^c" MATTER; INCIDENTS AND REMINISCENCES, GRAVE, TRAGIC, HUMOROUS. \ ij: iim ^^S>0FWA5HVVi?l^^- ILLUSTRATED. ST. LOUIS: WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY. 1882. Entered according to Act of Congress, in tlie year 1882, by WILLIAM F. SWITZLER, In tlie Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. St. Louis: Press of Nixon-Jones Printing Co. PREFACE. In presenting to the citizens of Boone County this history, it is with the full knowledge that there must necessarily be some errors found within its pages ; otherwise, it would be different from anj^ work yet compiled by human hands, absolute perfection never having been reached, either in the historical or any other field of earthly labor. In attempting to compile a complete history of Boone County a great variety of sources of information had to be consulted by the writers hereof : old files of newspapers, early oflficial records, previously written histori- cal works and reviews, old settlers still living, letters of correspondence and private documents have all been consulted in embodying what is set forth in this history. Considering all these things, absolute freedom from error would be a miracle of wonders. Much care, however, has been taken to avoid ex parte statements, and the writers--and publishers claim that this his- tory, while not exact in everything, treats all with fairness and candor. To gather the incidents of the long ago has been a work of infinite care and at- tention to detail. Intelligent readers may judge, therefore, how this labor has been performed, and do us the justice to accredit us with an honest en- deavor to make this history worth}^, in all respects, the careful perusal of the reader. To name all persons to whom the publishers are indebted for the facts herein, would be an undertaking of too great a magnitude, for there is scarcely a citizen of any prominence in the county who has not, in some way, contributed to the compilation of this work. First and foremost the pubHsh- ers desire to acknowledge themselves indebted to Col. Wm. F. Switzler, of Columbia, who has written the greater part of the general history, besides re- vising and correcting the condensed matter of this publication pertaining to the State of Missouri. To Dr. George C. Swallow, late of Columbia, the publishers are under special obligations for many favors extended them, and particularly for the very able and scientifically written chapter on the geology »of the county. Mr. John W. Hatton, one of Columbia's literary authors, (iii) IV PREFACE. has aided, by his faithful labor, the completion of these pages, the most of the biographical matter being the arrangement of his ready pen. Mr. Ed. W. Stephens, editor of the Herald, has been freely drawn upon in his histor- ical sketch of Boone County, published in the County Atlas of 1876. All the editors of all the papers of the county, also Dr. A. F. Sneed and Dr. P. S. Hocker, of Centralia, Gen. Odon Guitar, Maj. Jas. S. Rollins, and other cit- izens of Columbia, Dr. F. G. Sitton, of Ashland, and a host of other private citizens too numerous to mention have assisted in furnishing the information herein embodied ; and to the entire citizenship of the county, the publishers return thanks for the universal courtesy with which they and their assistants have been treated. With these few preliminary remarks we submit this work to the tender crit- icism of a charitable public. And when, in days to come, its pages shall be conned by children yet unborn, it is hoped that they may be able to say that its perusal, besides entertaining and instructing them, has the better prepared them for the exercise of all the functions of intelligent citizenship in a free and enlightened land. CONTENTS. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. CHAPTER I. PAGE. The Louisiana Purchase — Brief Historical Sketch 1-7 CHAPTER II. Dbscriptive and Geographical 7-13 CHAPTER III. Geology of Missouri 13-21 CHAPTER IV. Title and Early Settlers 21-27 CHAPTER V. Territorial Organization 27-31 CHAPTER VI. Admission into the Union . . .■ 31-37 CHAPTER VII. Missouri as a State 37-43 CHAPTER VIII. Civil War in Missouri 43-53 CHAPTER IX. Early Military Record of the State 53-59 CHAPTER X. Agriculture and Mineral Wealth 59-65 CHAPTER XI. Education — The Public School System 65-78 CHAPTER Xir. Religious Denominations 73-79 CHAPTER XIII. Gov. Crittenden's Administration 79-85 HISTORY OF ST. LOUIS. From 1762 to 1882 — Leading Institutions, etc 86-lOG LAWS OF MISSOURI . Public and Personal Rights, Legal Forms, etc 107-120 [5] vi Contents. STATISTICS. Page. PopuLATioir, Vital, Industrial and Political Statistics .... 121-124 HISTOEY OF BOONE COUNTY. CHAPTER I. Introduction — Early History 125-148 CHAPTER 11. From the Organization of the County, in 1820, to 1830 . ... 148-182 CHAPTER ni. History of the County from 1830 to 1840 182-216 • CHAPTER IV. Early Colleges and Academies 217-229 CHAPTER V. Early History of the Missouri State University 229-269 CHAPTER VI. History of the State Uniyersity from 1843 to 1860 ... . . 270-290 CHAPTER VII. History of the State University from 1860 to 1882 ... . . 291-330 CHAPTER Vin. History of the County from 1840 to 1850 . 330-859 CHAPTER IX. History of the County from 1850 to 1860 . . . . . . . 360-394 CHAPTER X. The Civil War Commenced — History from 1860 to 1863 . . . 394-426 CHAPTER XL The Civil War Concluded 427-486 CHAPTER Xll History of the County from 1866 to 1870 . . . . . . . 486-502 CHAPTER XIII. History of the County from 1870 to 1882 . 503-530 CHAPTER XIV. Geology of Boone County 531-538 TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. CHAPTER XV. Bourbon Township 539-614 CHAPTER XVI. Cedar Township' 614-692 CHAPTER XVII. Centralia Township . . . . . 682-733 Contents. Vll CHAPTER XVin. PAGE. CoLtTMBiA Township , 734:-80O CHAPTER XIX. The City of Columbia 801-974 CHAPTER XX. Missouri Township . 975-1 0G4 t CHAPTER XXI. Pebche Township 1065-1104 CHAPTER XXII. RocKT FoEK Township 1104-1135 CHAPTER XXIII. BooNE CoiTNTY Live Stock Interests 1135-1142 List of County Officials 1148-1144 ILLUSTRATI01)[S VIEWS. PAGE. Normal School, Cape Girardeau . 66 St. Louis Bridge ....... 87 Four Courts, St. Louis 88 St. Louis Fair Grounds .... 90 New Custom House, St. Louis . . 92 St. Louis Union Depot o 94 View in Shaw's Garden, St. Louis 96 St. Louis High School 98 New Armory Building, St. Louis . 100 Washington University .... 102 St. Louis Merchants' Exchange . 104 Mo. University Buildings, opposite 266 Agricultural Farm Mansion, Mis- souri University, opp. . . . 307 English and Art Sch'l, Mo. Un., opp. 307 The Laws Observatory, opp. . . 326 Chalybeate Spring, Mo. Un., opp. . 326 Residence of J. Lucas Turner, Esq, 684 Stephens Female College . . . 808 Christian College 810 Columbia Public ScH00L,*opp. , , 816 Residence of Gen, Odon Guitar . 878 Residence of Hon, J. S. Rollins . 934 Residence of Capt. J. H. Rollins . 936 PORTRAITS. Hon. J. S. Rollins (Frontispiece). Col. "Wm. F. Switzler, opp. . . . 125 Db. a. W. Rollins 254 President J. H, Lathrop, opp. . . 295 President Daniel Read, opp. . , . 324 Gen. John B. Henderson 398 Dr. George C. Swallow, opp. . . . 531 Dr. J. S. LocKRiDGE, opp 595 S. W. Turner opp 612 Maj. Wm. W. Bryan, opp. . . . i 644 Mrs. Cornelia A. Robinson, opp. . 674 "Wm. Smith, opp 679 page. N. W. Wilson, opp 795 J. L. Matthews, opp 908 J. K, Rogers, opp 929 John M. Samuel, opp. ,.♦... 946 Hon. J. L. Stevens, opp 955 W. M Scott 950 Geo. p. Kennan 950 M. p. Lientz, opp 1040 David Pipes, opp 1051 John S. Wilhite, opp 1063 Capt. David Prowell, opp. . . . 1093 David S. Shock, opp 1096 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. CHAPTEE I. LOUISIANA PURCHASE. BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH. The purchase in 1803 of the vast territory west of the Mississippi River, by the United States, extending through Oregon to the Pacific coast and south to the Dominions of Mexico, constitutes the most im- portant event that ever occurred in the history of the nation. It gave to our Republic additional room for that expansion and stupendous growth, to which it has since attained, in all that makes it strong and enduring, and forms the seat of an empire, from which will radiate an influence for good unequaled in the annals of time. In 1763, the immense region of country, known at that time as Louisiana, was ceded to Spain by France. By a secret article, in the treaty of St. Ildefonso, concluded in 1800, Spain ceded it back to France. Napoleon, at that time, coveted the island of St. Domingo, not only because of the value of its products, but more especially because its location in the Gulf of Mexico would, in a military point of view, afibrd him a fine field whence he could the more efiectively guard his newly-acquired possessions. Hence he desired this cession by Spain should be kept a profound secret until he succeeded in reducing St. Domingo to submission. In this undertaking, however, his hopes were blasted, and so great was his disappointment that he apparently became indifi*erent to the advantages to be secured to France from his purchase of Louisiana. In 1803 he sent out Laussat as prefect of the colony, who gave the (1) 2 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. people of Louisiana the first intimation they had that they had once more become the subjects of France. This was the occasion of great rejoicing among the inhabitants, who were Frenchmen in their origin^ habits, manners, and customs. Mr. Jefferson, then President of the United States, on being in- formed of the retrocession, immediately dispatched instructions to Robert Livingston, the American Minister at Paris, to make known to Napoleon that the occupancy of New Orleans, by his government, would not only endanger the friendly relations existing between the two nations, but, perhaps, oblige the United States to make common cause with England, his bitterest and most dreaded enemy : as the possession of the city by France would give her command of the Mississippi, which was the only outlet for the produce of the West- ern States, and give her also control ot the Gulf of Mexico, so neces- sary to the protection of American commerce. Mr. Jefferson was so fully impressed with the idea that the occupancy of New Orleans, by France, would bring about a conflict of interests between the two nations, which would finally culminate in an open rupture, that he urged Mr. Livingston, to not only insist upon the free navigation of the Mississippi, but to negotiate for the purchase of the city and the surrounding country. The question of this negotiation was of so grave a character to the United States that the President appointed Mr. Monroe, with full power to act in conjunction with Mr. Livingston. Ever equal to all emergencies, and prompt in the cabinet, as well as in the field. Na- poleon came to the conclusion that, as he could not well defend his occupancy of New Orleans, he would dispose of it, on the best terms possible. Before, however, taking final action in the matter, he sum- moned two of his Ministers, and addressed them follows : — " I am fully sensible of the value of Louisiana, and it was my wish to repair the error of the French diplomatists who abandoned it in 1763. I have scarcely recovered it before I run the risk of losing it ; but if I am obliged to give it up, it shall hereafter cost more to those who force me to part with it, than to those to whom I shall yield it. The English have despoiled France of all her northern pos- sessions in America, and now they covet those of the South. I am determined that they shall not have the Mississippi. Althongli Louisiana is but a trifle compared to their vast possessions in other parts of the globe, yet, judging from the vexation they have mani- fested on seeing it return to the power of France, I am certain that HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 3 their first object will be to gain possession of it. They will proba- bly commence the war in that quarter. They have twenty vessels in the Gulf of Mexico, and our affairs in St. Dominoo arc dailv irettiiu>- worse since the death of LeCIerc. The conquest of Louisiana mio-ht be easily made, and I have not a moment to lose in getting out of their reach. I am not sure but that they have already begun an at- tack upon it. Such a measure Avould be in accordance with their habits ; and in their place I should not Avait. I am inclined, in order to deprive them of all prospect of ever possessing it, to cede it to the United States. Indeed, I can hardly say that I cede it, for I do not yet possess it ; and if I wait but a short time my enemies may leave me nothing but an empty title to grant to the Republic I wish to con- ciliate. I consider the whole colony as lost, and I believe that in the hands of this rising power it will be more useful to the political and even commercial interests of France than if I should attempt to retain it. Let me have both your opinions on the subject." One of his Ministers a[)proved of the contemplated cession, but the other opposed it. The matter was long and earnestly discussed by them, before the conference was ended. The next day. Napoleon sent for the Minister who had agreed with him, and said to him : — "The season for deliberation is over. I have determined to re- nounce Louisiana. I shall give up not only New Orleans, but the whole colony, without reservation. That I do not undervalue Louis- iana, I have sufficiently proved, as the object of my first treaty with Spain was to recover it. But though I regret parting with it, I am convinced it would be folly to persist in trying to keep it. I commis- sion you, therefore, to negotiate this affair with the envoys of the United States. Do not wait the arrival of Mr. Monroe, but go this very day and confer with Mr. Livingston. Remember, however, that I need ample funds for carrying on the war, and I do not wish to com- mence it by levying new taxes. For the last century France and Spain have incurred great expense in the improvement of Louisiana, for which her trade has never indemnified them. Large sums have been advanced to different companies, which have never been returned to the treasury. It is fair that I should require repayment for these. Were I to regulate my demands by the importance of this territory to the United States, they would be unbounded ; but, being obliged to part with it, I shall be moderate in my terms. Still, remember, I must have fifty millions of francs, and I will not consent to take less. 4 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. I would rather make some desperate effort to preserve this fine country." That day the negotiations commenced. Mr. Monroe reached Paris on the 12th of April, 1803, and the two representatives of the United States, after holding a private interview, announced that they were ready to treat for the entn-e territory. On the 30th of April, the treaty was signed, and on the 21st of October, of the same year. Con- gress ratified the treaty. The United States were to pay $11,250,000, and her citizens Avere to be compensated for some illegal captures, to the amount of $3,750,000, making in the aggregate the sum of $15,000,000, while it was agreed that the vessels and merchandise of France and Spain should be admitted into all the ports ot Louisiana free of duty for twelve years. Bonaparte stipulated in favor of Louisiana, that it should be, as soon as possible, incorporated into the Union, and that its inhabitants should enjoy the same rights, privileo-es and immunities as other citizens of the United States, and the clause giving to them these benefits was drawn up by Bonaparte, who presented it to the plenipotentiaries with these words : — " Make it known to the people of Louisiana, that we regret to part with them ; that we have stipulated for all the advantages they could desire ; and that France, in giving them up, has insured to them the greatest of all. They could never have prospered under any Euro- pean government as they will when they become independent. But while they enjoy the privileges of liberty let them remember that they are French, and preserve for their mother country that affection which a common origin inspires." Complete satisfaction was given to both parties in the terras of the treaty. Mr. Livingston said : — " I consider that from this day the United States takes rank with the first powers of Europe, and now she has entirely escaped from the power of England," and Bonaparte expressed a similar sentiment when he said : "By this cession of territory I have secured the power of the United States, and given to England a maritime rival, who, at some future time, will humble her pride." These were prophetic words, for within a few years afterward the British met with a signal defeat, on the plains of the very territory of which the great Corsican had been speaking. From 1800, the date of the cession made by Spain, to 1803, when it was purchased by the United States, no change had been made by HISTORY OF MISSOURI. t> the French authorities in the jiirisprudence of the Upper and Lower Louisiana, and during this period the Spanish laws remained in full force, as the laws of the entire province ; a fact which is of interest to those who would understand the legal history and some of the present laws of Missouri. On December 20th, 1803, Gens. Wilkinson and Claiborne, who were jointly commissioned to take possession of the territory for the United States, arrived in the city of New Orleans at the head of the American forces. Laussat, who had taken possession but twenty days previously as the prefect of the colony, gave up his command, and the star-spangled banner supplanted the tri-colored flag of France. The agent of France, to take possession of Upper Louisiana from the Spanish authorities, was Amos Stoddard, captain of artillery in the United States service. He was placed in possession of St. Louis on the 9th of March, 1804, by Charles Dehault Delassus, the Spanish commandant, and on the following day he transferred it to the United States. The authority of the United States in Missouri dates from this day. From that moment the interests of the people of the Mississippi Valley became identified. They were troubled no more with uncer- tainties in regard to free navigation. The great river, along whose banks they had planted their towns and villages, now aff'orded them a safe and easy outlet to the markets of the world. Under the pro- tecting segis of a government, republican in form, and having free access to an almost boundless domain, embracing in its broad area the diversified climates of the globe, and possessing a soil unsurpassed for fertility, beauty of scenery and wealth of minerals, they had every incentive to push on their enterprises and build up the land wherein their lot had been cast. In the purchase of Louisiana, it was known that a great- empire had been secured as a heritage to the people of our country, for all time to come, but its grandeur, its possibilities, its inexhaustible resources and the important relations it would sustain to the nation and the world were never dreamed of by even Mr. Jefierson and his adroit and accomplished diplomatists. The most ardent imagination never conceived of the progress which would mark the history of the " Great West." The adventurous pioneer, who fifty years ago pitched his tent upon its broad prairies, or threaded the dark labyrinths of its lonely forests, little thought that a mighty tide of physical and intellectual strength, would so rapidly ^ HISTORY OF MISSOURI flow on in his footsteps, to populate, build up and enrich the domain which he had conquered. Year after year, civilization has advanced further and further, until at length the mountains, the hills and the valleys, and even the rocks and the caverns, resound with the noise and din of busy millions. " I beheld the westward marches Of the unknown crowded nations. All the land was full of people, Restless, struggling, toiling, striving, Speaking many tongues, yet feeling But one heart-beat in their bosoms. In the woodlands rang their axes ; Smoked their towns in all the valleys; Over all the lakes and rivers Rushed their great canoes of thunder." In 1804, Congress, by an act passed in April of the same year, divided Louisiana into two parts, the " Territory of Orleans," and the " District of Louisiana," known as "Upper Louisiana." This district included all that portion of the old province, north of " Hope Encampment," on the Lower Mississippi, and embraced the present State of Missouri, and all the western region of country to the Pacific Ocean, and all below the forty-ninth degree of north latitude not claimed by Spain. As a matter of convenience, on March 26th, 1804, Missouri was placed within the jurisdiction of the government of the Territory of Lidiana, and its government put in motion by Gen. William H. Har- rison, then governor of Indiana. In this he was assisted by Judges Griffin, Vanderburg and Davis, who established in St. Louis what were called Courts of Common Pleas. The District of Louisiana was regu- larly organized into the Territory of Louisiana by Congress, March 3, 3 805, and President Jefferson appointed Gen. James Wilkinson, Gov- ernor, and Frederick Bates, Secretary. The Legislature of the ter- ritoi^y was formed by Governor Wilkinson and Judges E,. J. Meigs and John B. C. Lucas. In 1807, Governor Wilkinson was succeeded by Captain Meriwether Lewis, who had become famous by reason of his having made the expedition up the Missouri with Clark. Governor Lewis committed suicide in 1809 and President Madison appointed Gen. Benjamin Howard of Lexington, Kentucky, to fill his place. Gen. Howard resigned October 25, 1810, to enter the war of 1812, and died in St. Louis, in 1814. Captain William Clark, of Lewis and Clark's expedition, was appointed Governor in 1810, to succeed Gen. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 7 Howard, and remained in office until the admission of the State into the Union, in 1821. The portions of Missouri which were settled, for the purposes of local government were divided into four districts. Cape Girardeau was the first, and embraced the territory between Tjwappity Bottom and Apple Creek. Ste. Genevieve, the second, embraced the terri- tory from Apple Creek to the Meramec Eiver. St. Louis, the third, embraced the territory between the Meramec and Missouri Rivers. St. Charles, the fourth, included the settled territory, between the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. The total population of these dis- tricts at that time, was 8,670, including slaves. The population of the district of Louisiana, when ceded to the United States was 10,120. CHAPTER IL DESCRIPTIVE AND GEOGRAPHICAL. Name — Extent — Surface — Rivers — Timber — Climate — Prairies — Soils — Popula- tion by Counties. NAME. The name Missouri is derived from the Indian tons^ue and sio-nifies muddy. EXTENT. Missouri is bounded on the north by Iowa (from which it is sep- arated for about thirty miles on the northeast, by the Des Moines River), and on the east by the Mississippi River, which divides it from Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee, and on the west by the Indian Ter- ritory, and the States of Kansas and Nebraska. The State lies (with the exception of a small projection between the St. Francis and the Mississippi Rivers, which extends to 36°), between 36° 30' and 40° 36' north latitude, and between 12° 2' and 18° 51' west longitude from Washington. The extreme width of the State east and west, is about 348 miles ; its width on its northern boundary, measured from its northeast cor- ner along the Iowa line, to its intersection with the Des Moines 8 HISTORY OF MISSOUEI. River, is about 210 miles ; its width on its southern boundary is about 288 miles. Its average width is about 235 miles. The length of the State north and south, not including the narrow strip between the St. Francis and Mississippi Rivers, is about 282 miles. It is about 450 miles from its extreme northwest corner to its southeast corner, and from the northeast corner to the southwest corner, it is about 230 miles. These limits embrace an area of 65,350 square miles, or 41,824,000 acres, being nearly as large as England, and the States of Vermont and New Hampshire. SURFACE . North of the Missouri, the State is level or undulating, while the portion south of that river (the larger portion of the State) exhibits a greater variety of surface. In the southeastern part is an extensive marsh, reaching beyond the State into Arkansas. The remainder of this portion between the Mississippi and Osage Rivers is rolling, and gradually rising into a hilly and mountainous district, forming the out- skirts of the Ozark Mountains. Beyond the Osage River, at some distance, commences a vast ex- panse of prairie land which stretches away towards the Rocky Moun- tains. The rido"es forming the Ozark chain extend in a northeast and southwest direction, separating the waters that flow northeast into the Missouri from those that flow southeast into the Mississippi River. RIVERS. No State in the Union enjoys better facilities for navigation than Missouri. By means of the Mississippi River, which stretches along her entire eastern boundary, she can hold commercial intercourse with the most northern territory and State in the Union ; with the whole valley of the Ohio ; with many of the Atlantic States, and with the Gulf of Mexico. "Ay, gather Europe's royal rivers all — The snow-swelled Neva, with an Empire's weight On her broad breast, she yet may overwhelm; Dark Danube, hurrying, as by foe pursued, Through shaggy forests and by palace walls. To hide its terror in a sea of gloom ; The castled Rhine, whose vine-crowned watei's flow, The fount of fable and the source of song ; The rushing Rhone, in whose cerulean depths The loving sky seems wedded with the wave ; The yellow Tiber, chok'd with Roman spoils, HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 9* A dying raiser shrinking 'neath his gold ; The Seine, where fashion glasses the fairest forms ; The Thames that bears the riches of the world ; Gather their waters in one ocean mass, Our Mississippi rolling proudly on, Would sweep them from its path, or swallow up, Like Aaron's rod, these streams of fame and song." By the Missouri Kiver she can extend her commerce to the Eocky Mountains, and receive in return the products which will come in the course of time, by its multitude of tributaries. The Missouri River coasts the northwest line of the State for about 250 miles, following its windings, and then flows through the State, a little south of east, to its junction with the Mississippi. The Mis- souri River receives a number of tributaries within the limits of the State, the principal of which are the Nodaway, Platte, Grand and Chariton from the north, and the Blue, Sniabar, Lamine, Osage and Gasconade from the south. The principal tributaries of the Missis- sippi within the State, are the Salt River, north, and the Meramec River south of the Missouri. The St. Francis and White Riv^ers, with their branches, drain the southeastern part of the State, and pass into Arkansas. The Osaffe is navig-able for steamboats for more than 175 miles. There are a vast number of smaller streams, such as creeks, branches and rivers, which water the State in all directions. Timber. — Not more towering in their sublimity were the cedars of ancient Lebanon, nor more precious in their utility were the almug- trees of Ophir, than the native forests of Missouri. The river bottoms are covered with a luxuriant growth of oak, ash, elm, hickory, cotton- wood, linn, white and black walnut, and in fact, all the varieties found in the Atlantic and Eastern States. In the more barren districts may be seen the white and pin oak, and in many places a dense growth of pine. The crab apple, papaw and persimmon are abundant, as also the hazel and pecan. Climate. — The climate of Missouri is, in general, pleasant and salubrious. Like that of North America, it is changeable, and sub- iect to sudden and sometimes extreme changes of heat and cold ; but it is decidedly milder, taking the whole year through, than that of the same latitudes east of the mountains. While the summers are not more oppressive than they are in the corresponding latitudes on and near the Atlantic coast, the winters are shorter, and very much milder^ 10 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. except during the month of February, which has many days of pleas- ant sunshine. Prairies. — Missouri is a prairie State, especially that portion of it north and northwest of the Missouri River. These prairies, along the water courses, abound with the thickest and most luxurious belts of timber, while the "rolling" prairies occupy the higher portions of the country, the descent generally to the forests or bottom lands being over only declivities. Many of tiiese prairies, however, exhibit a grace- fully waving surface, swelling and sinking with an easy slope, and a full, rounded outline, equally avoiding the unmeaning horizontal sur- face and the interruption of abrupt or angular elevations. These prairies often embrace extensive tracts of land, and in one or two instances they cover an area of fifty thousand acres. During the spring and summer they are carpeted with a velvet of green, and gaily bedecked with flowers of various forms and hues, making a most fascinating panorama of ever-changing color and loveliness. To fully appreciate their great beauty and magnitude, they must be seen. Soil. — The soil of Missouri is good, and of great agricultural capa- bilities, but the most fertile portions of the State are the river bot- toms, which are a rich alluvium, mixed in many cases with sand, the producing qualities of which are not excelled by the prolific valley of the famous Nile. South of the Missouri River there is a greater variety of soil, but much of it is fertile, and even in the mountains and mineral districts there are rich valleys, and about the sources of the White, Eleven Points, Current and Big Black Rivers, the soil, though unproductive, furnishes a vahiable growth of yellow pine. The marshy lands in the southeastern part of the State will, by a system of drainage, be one of the most fertile districts in the State. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. POPULATION BY COUNTIES IN 1870, 1876, AND 1880. 11 Counties. 1870. 1876. 1880. Adair 11,449 13,774 15,190 Andrew 15,137 14,992 16,318 Atchison . , 8,440 10,925 - 14,565 Audrain 12,307 15,157 19,739 Barry . 10,373 11,146 14,424 Barton , 5,087 6,900 10,332 Bates . 15,960 17,484 26,382 Benton 11,322 11,027 12,398 Bollinger . 8,162 8,884 11,132 Boone 20,765 31,923 25,424 Buchanan . 35,109 38,165 49,824 Butler . 4,298 4,363 6,011 Caldwell . . 11,390 12,200 13,654 Callaway . 19,202 25,257 23,670 Camden 6,108 7,027 7,269 Cape Girardeau 17,558 17,891 20,998 Carroll 17,440 21,498 23,300 Carter 1,440 1,549 2,168 •Cass , 19,299 18,069 22,431 Cedar . 9,471 9,897 10,747 Chariton 19,136 23,294 25,224 Christian . 6,707 7,936 9,632 Clark , 13,667 14,549 15,631 Clay . 15,564 15,320 15,579 Clinton 14,063 13,698 16,073 Cole . 10,292 14,122 15,519 Cooper 20,692 21,356 21,622 Crawford . 7,982 9,391 10,763 Dade . 8,683 11,089 12,557 Dallas 8,383 8,073 9,272 Daviess 14,410 16,557 19,174 DeKalb , 9,858 11,159 13,343 Dent . 6,357 7,401 10,647 Douglas 3,915 6,461 7,753 Dunklin 5,982 6,255 9,604 Franklin 30,098 26,924 26,536 Gasconade . 10,093 11,160 11,153 ■Gentry 11,607 12,673 17,188 Greene 21,549 24,693 28,817 Grundy 10,567 13,071 15,201 Harrison . 14,635 18,530 20,318 Henry 17,401 18,465 23,914 Hickory 6,452 5,870 7,388 Holt . 11,652 13,245 15,510 Howard 17,233 17,815 18,428 Howell 4,218 6,756 8,814 Iron . 6,278 6,623 8,183 JTackson 55,041 54,045 82,328 Jasper 14,928 29,384 32,021 Jefferson . 15,380 16,186 18,736 .Johnson 24,648 23,646 28,177 Knox . 10,974 12,678 13,047 Laclede , 9,380 9,845 11,524 Lafayette . 22,624 22,204 25,761 Lawrence . 13,067 13,054 17,585 Lewis . 15,114 16,360 15,925 Liincoln 15,960 16,858 17,443 Xinn . 15,906 18,110 20,016 Livingston . 16,730 18,074 20,205 12 HISTOliT OF MISSOURI. POPULATION BY COUNTIES — Continued. Counties. 1876. McDonald Macon Madison. Maries Marion Mercer Miller Mississippi Moniteau Monroe Montgomer Morgan New Madri Newton Nodaway Oregon Osage . Ozark . Pemiscot Perry . Pettis . Phelps Pike . Platte Polk . Pulaski Putnam Ralls . Randolph Eay Reynolds Ripley St. Charles St. Clair St. Prancoi Ste. Genev St. Louis 1 Saline Schuyler Scotland Scott . Shannon Shelby Stoddard Stone . Sullivan Taney Texas Vernon Warren Washington Wayne Webster Worth Wright City of St. Louis 1876. 5,226 23,230 5,849 5,916 23,780 11,557 6,616 4,982 13,375 17,149 10,405 8,434 6,357 12,821 14,751 3,287 10,793 3,363 2,059 9,877 18,706 10,506 23,076 17,352 14,445 4,714 11,217 10,510 15,908 18,700 3,756 3,175 21,304 6,742 9,742 8,384 351,189 21,672 8,820 10,670 7,317 2,339 10,119 8,535 3,253 11,907 4,407 9,618 11,247 9,673 11,719 6,068 10,434 5,004 5,684 1,721,295 6,072 25,028 8,750 6,481 22,794 13,393 8,529 7,498 13,084 17,751 14,418 9,529 6,673 16,875 23,196 4,469 11,200 4,579 2,573 11,189 23,167 9,919 22,828 15,948 13,467 6,157 12,641 9,997 19,173 18,394 4,716 3,913 21,821 11,242 11,621 9,409 27,087 9,881 12,030 7,312 3,236 13,243 10,888 3,544 14,039 6,124 10,287 14,413 10,321 13,100 7,006 10,684 7,164 6,124 1880. 7,816 26,223 8,866 7,304 24,837 14,674 9,807 9,270 14,349 19,075 16,250 10,134 7,694 18,948 29,560 5,791 11,824 5,618 4,299 11,895 27,285 12,565 26,716 17,372 16,745 7,250 13,556 11,838 22,751 20,ic>6 5,722 5,377 23,060 14,126 13,822 10,309 31,888 29,912 10,470 12,507 8,587 3,441 14,024 13,432 4,405 16,569 5,605 12,207 19,370 10,806 12,895 9,097 12,175 8,208 9,733 350,522 1,547,030 2,168,804 1 St. Louis City and County separated in 1877. Population for 1876 not given. HISTOKY OP MISSOURI. 13 Hales Females Native Foreign White' Colored ^ 1,126,424 1,041,380 1,957,564 211,240 2,023,568 145,286 CHAPTER III. GEOLOGY OF MISSOURI. Classification of Rocks — Quatenary Formation — Tertiary — Cretaceous — Carbonifer- ous — Devonian — Silurian — Azoic — Economic Geology — Coal — Iron — Lead — Copper — Zinc — Building Stone — Marble — Gypsum — Lime — Clays — Paints — Springs — Water Power. The stratified rocks of Missouri, as classified and treated of by Prof. O. C. Swallow, belong to the following divisions : I. Quatenary ; II. Tertiary ; III. Cretaceous ; IV. Carboniferous ; V. Devonian ; VI. Silurian ; VII. Azoic. " The Quatenary formations, are the most recent, and the most valuable to man: valuable, because they can be more readily utilized. The Quatenary formation in Missouri, embraces the Alluvium, 30 feet thick ; Bottom Prairie, 30 feet thick ; Bluff, 200 feet thick ; and Drift, 155 feet thick. The latest deposits are those which constitute the Alluvium, and includes the soils, pebbles and sand, clays, vegeta- ble mould, bog, iron ore, marls, etc. The Alluvium deposits, cover an area, within the limits of Mis- souri, of more than four millions acres of land, which are not sur- passed for fertility by any region of country on the globe. The Bluff Prairie formation is confined to the low lands, which are washed by the two great rivers which course our eastern and western boundaries, and while it is only about half as extensive as the Allu- vial, it is equally as rich and productive." " The Bluff formation," says Prof. Swallow, *' rests upon the ridges and river bluffs, and descends along their slopes to the lowest valleys, the formation capping all the Bluffs of the Missouri from Fort Union to its mouth, and those of the Mississippi from Dubuque 1 Including 92 Chinese, 2 half Chinese, and 96 Indians and half-breeds. 14 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. to the mouth of the Ohio. It forms the upper stratum beneath the soil of all the high lauds, both timber and prairies, of all the counties north of the Osage and Missouri, and also St. Louis, and the Missis- sippi counties on the south. Its greatest development is in the counties on the Missouri River from the Iowa line to Boonville. In some localities it is 200 feet thick. At St. Joseph it is 140 ; at Boonville 100 ; and at St. Louis, in St, George's quarrv, and the Big Mound, it is about 50 feet ; while its greatest observed thickness in Marion county was only 30 feet." The Drift formation is that which lies beneath the Bluff formation,, having, as Prof. Svvallow informs us, three distinct deposits, to wit: * 'Altered Drift, which are strata of sand and pebbles, seen in the banks of the Missouri, in the northwestern portion of the State. The Boulder formation is a heterogeneous stratum of sand, gravel and boulder, and water-worn fragments of the older rocks. Boulder Clay is a bed of bluish or brown sandy clay, through which pebbles are scattered in greater or less abundance. In g'ome locali- ties in northern Missouri, this formation assumes a pure white, pipe- clay color." The Tertiary formation is made up of clays, shales, iron ores, sand- stone, and sands, scattered along the bluffs, and edges of the bottoms, reaching from Commerce, Scott County, to Stoddard, and south to the Chalk Bluffs in Arkansas. The Cretaceous formation lies beneath the Tertiary, and is com- posed of variegated sandstone, bluish-brown sandy slate, whitish- brown impure sandstone, fine white clay mingled with spotted flint, purple, red and blue clays, all being in the aggregate, 158 feet in thickness. There are no fossils in these rocks, and nothing by which their age may be told. The Carboniferous system includes the Upper Carboniferous or coal-measures, and the Lower Carboniferous or Mountain limestone. The coal-measures are made up of numerous strata of sandstones, limestones, shales, clays, marls, spathic iron ores, and coals. The Carboniferous formation, including coal-measures and the beds of iron, embrace an area in Missouri of 27,000 square miles. The varieties of coal found in the State are the common bituminous and cannel coals, and they exist in quantities inexhaustible. The fact that these coal-measures are full of fossils, which are always confined HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 15^ to the coal measures, enables the geologist to point them out, and the coal beds contained in them. The rocks of the Lower Carboniferous formation are varied in color, and are quarried in many different parts of the State, being exten- sively utilized for building and other purposes. Among the Lower Carboniferous roclis is found the Upper Archi- medes Limestone, 200 feet ; Ferruginous Sandstone, 195 feet ; Mid- dle Archimedes, 50 feet ; St. Louis Limestone, 250 feet ; Oolitic Limestone, 25 feet; Lower Archimedes Limestone, 350 feet; and Encrinital Limestone, 500 feet. These limestones generallj'- contain fossils. The Ferruginous limestone is soft when quarried, but becomes hard and durable after exposure. It contains large quantities of iron, and is found skirting the eastern coal measures from the mouth of the Des Moines to McDonald county. The St. Louis limestone is of various hues and tints, and very hard. It is found in Clark, Lewis and St. Louis counties. The Lower Archimedes limestone includes partly the lead bearing rocks of Soutliwestern Missouri. The Encrinital limestone is the most extensive of the divisions of Carboniferous limestone, and is made up of brown, buff, gray and white. In these strata are found the remains of corals and mollusks. This formation extends from Marion county to Greene county. The Devonian system contains : Chemung Group, Hamilton Group, Onondaga limestone and Oriskany sandstone. The rocks of the Devonian system are found in Marion, Ralls, Pike, Callaway, Saline and Ste. Genevieve counties. The Chemung Group has three formations, Chouteau limestone, 85 feet; Vermicular sandstone and shales, 75 feet; Lithographic lime- stone, 125 feet. The Chouteau limestone is in two divisions, when fully developed, and when first quarried is soft. It is not only good for building pur- poses but makes an excellent cement. The Vermicular sandstone and shales are usually buff or yellowish brown, and perforated with pores. The Lithographic limestone is a pure, fine, compact, evenly-tex- tured limestone. Its color varies from light drab to buff and blue. It is called "pot metal," because under the hammer it gives a sharp^ ringing sound. It has but few fossils. 16 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. The Hamilton Group is made up of some 40 feet of blue shales, and 170 feet of crystalline limestone. Onondaga limestone is usually a coarse, gray or buff crystalline, thick-bedded and cherty limestone. No formation in Missouri pre- sents such variable and widely different lithological characters as the Onondaga. The Oriskany sandstone is a light, gray limestone. Of the Upper Silurian series there are the following formations : Lower Helderberg, 350 feet; Niagara Group, 200 feet; Cape Girar- deau limestone, 60 feet. The Lower Helderberg is made up of buff, gray, and reddish cherty and argillaceous limestone. Niagara Group. The Upper part of this group consists of red, yellow and ash-colored shales, with compact limestones, variegated with bands and nodules of chert. The Cape Girardeau limestone, on the Mississippi Eiver near Cape Girardeau, is a compact, bluish-gray, brittle limestone, with smooth fractures in layers from two to six inches in thickness, with argilla- ceous partings. These strata contain a great many fossils. The Lower Silurian has the following ten formations, to wit : Hud- son River Group, 220 feet ; Trenton limestone, 360 feet ; Black River 'and Bird's Eye limestone, 175 feet; first Magnesian limestone, 200 feet; Saccharoidal sandstone, 125 feet; second Magnesian limestone, 250 feet; second sandstone, 115 feet; third Magnesian limestone, 350 feet ; third sandstone, 60 feet ; fourth Magnesian limestone, 350 feet. Hudson River Group : — There are three formations which Prof. Swallow refers to in this group. These formations are found in the bluff above and below Louisiana ; on the Grassy a few miles north- west of Louisiana, and in Ralls, Pike, Cape Girardeau and Ste. Gene- vieve Counties. Trenton limestone : The upper part of this formation is made up of thick beds of hard, compact, bluish gray and drab limestone, varie- o-ated with irregular cavities, filled with greenish materials. The beds are exposed between Hannibal and New London, north of Salt River, near Glencoe, St. Louis County, and are seventy-five feet thick. Black River and Bird's Eye limestone the same color as the Trenton limestone. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 17 The first Magnesian limestone cap the picturesque bluffs of the Osage in Benton and nei2:hborino; counties. The Saccharoidal sandstone has a wide range in the State. In a bluff about two miles from Warsaw, is a very striking change of thick- ness of this formation. Second Magnesian limestone, in lithological character, is like the first. The second sandstone, usually of yellowish brown, sometimes becomes a pure white, fine-grained, soft sandstone as on Cedar Creek, in Washington and Franklin Counties. The third Magnesian limestone is exposed in the high and picturesque bluffs of the Nianguu, in the neighborhood of Bryce's Sprino-. The third sandstone is white and has a formation in moving water. The fourth Magnesian limestone is seen on the Niangua and Osage Rivers. The Azoic rocks lie below the Silurian and form a series of silicious and other slates which contain no remains of oro-anic life. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY. Goal. — Missouri is particularly rich in minerals. Indeed, no State in the Union, surpasses her in this respect. In some unknown age of the past — long before the existence of man — Nature, by a wise process, made a bountiful provision for the time, when in the order of thino-s, it should be necessary for civilized man to take possession of these broad, rich prairies. As an equivalent for lack of forests, she quietly stored away beneath the soil those wonderful carboniferous treasures for the use of man. Geological surveys have developed the fact that the coal deposits in the State are almost unnumbered, embracing all varieties of the best bituminous coal. A .large portion of the State, has been ascer- tained to be one continuous coal field, stretching from the mouth of the Des Moines River through Clark, Lewis, Scotland, Adair, Macon, Shelby, Monroe, Audrain, Callaway, Boone, Cooper, Pettis, Benton, Henry, St. Clair, Bates, Vernon, Cedar, Dade, Barton and Jasper, into the Indian Territory, and the counties on the northwest of this line contain more or less coal. Coal rocks exist in Ralls, Mont- gomery, Warren, St. Charles, Moniteau, Cole, Morgan, Crawford and Lincoln, and during the past few years, all along the lines of all the railroads in North Missouri, and along the western end of the Missouri Pacific, and on the Missouri River, between Kansas City and Sioux 18 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. City, has systematic mining, opened up hundreds of mines in different localities. The area of our coal beds, on the line of the southwestern boundary of the State alone, embraces more than 26,000 square miles of regular coal measures. This will give of workable coal, if the average be one foot, 26,800,000,000 tons. The estimates from the developments already made, in the different portions of the State, will give 134,000,000,000 tons. The economical value of this coal to the State, its influence in domestic life, in navigation, commerce and manufVictures, is beyond the imagination of man to conceive. Suffice it to say, that in the pos- session of her developed and undeveloped coal mines, Missouri has a motive power, which in its influences for good, in the civilization of man, is more potent than the gold of California. Jron. — Prominent among the minerals, which increase the power and prosperity of a nation, is iron. Of this ore, Missouri has an inex- haustible quantity, and like her coal fields, it has been developed in many portions of the State, and of the best and purest quality. It is found in great abundance in the counties of Cooper, St. Clair, Greene, Henry, Franklin, Benton, Dallas, Camden, Stone, Madison, Iron, Washington, Perry, St. Francois, Reynolds, Stoddard, Scott, Dent and others. The greatest deposit of iron is found in the Iron Mouir- tain, which is two hundred feet high, and covers an area of five hun- dred acres, and produces a metal, which is shown by analysis, to con- tain from 65 to 69 per cent of metallic iron. The ore of Shepherd Mountain contains from 64 to 67 per cent of metallic iron. The ore of Pilot Knob contains from 53 to 60 per cent. R,ich beds of iron are also found at the Big Bogy Mountain, and at Russell Mountain. This ore has, in its nude state, a variety of colors, from the red, dark red, black, brown, to a light bluish gray. The red ores are found in twenty-one or more counties of the State, and are of great commercial value. The brown hematite iron ores extend over a greater range of country than all the others combined, embrac- ins: about one hundred counties, and have been ascertained to exist in these in large quantities. Lead. — Long before any permanent settlements were made in Mis- souri by the whites, lead was mined within the limits of the State at two or three points on the Mississippi. At this time more than five hundred mines are opened, and many of them are being successfully worked. These deposits of lead cover an area, so far as developed, of more than seven thousand square miles. Mines have been opened HISTORY or MISSOURI. 19 in Jefferson, Washington, St. Francois, Madison, Wayne, Carter, 'Rey- nolds, Crawford, Ste. Genevieve, Perry, Cole, Cape Girardeau, Cam- den, Morgan, and many other counties. Copper and Zinc. — Several varieties of copper ore are fonnd in Missouri. The copper mines of Shannon, Madison and Franklin Counties have been known for j^ears, and some of these have been successfully worked and are now yielding good results. Deposits of copper have been discovered in Dent, Crawford, Ben- ton, Maries, Green, Lawrence, Dade, Taney, Dallas, Phelps, Reynolds and Wright Counties. Zinc is abundant in nearly all the lead mines in the south-western part of the State, and since the completion of the A. & P. R. R. a market has been furnished for this ore, which will be converted into valuable merchandise. Building Stone and Marhle. — There is no scarcity of good building- stone in Missouri. Limestone, sandstone and granite exist in all shades of buff, blue, red and brown, and are of great beauty as build- ing material. There are many marble beds in the State, some of which furnish very beautiful and excellent marble. It is found in Marion, Cooper, St. Louis, and other counties. One of the most desirable of the Missouri marbles is in the 3rd Magnesian limestone, on the Niangua. It is fine-grained, crystalline, silico-magnesian limestone, light-drab, slightly tinged with peach blos- som, and clouded by deep flesh-colored shades. In ornamental archi- tecture it is rarely surpassed. Gypsum and Lime. — Though no extensive beds of gypsum have been discovered in Missouri, there are vast beds of the pure white crystalline variety on the line of the Kansas Pacific Railroad, on Kan- sas River, and on Gypsum Creek. It exists also in several other localities accessible by both rail and boat. All of the limestone formations in the State, from the coal measures to fourth Magnesian, have more or less strata of very nearly pure car- bonate of pure lime. Clays and Paints. — Clays are found in nearl}^ all parts of the State suitable for making bricks. Potters' clay and fire-clay are worked in many localities. There are several beds of purple shades in the coal measures which possess the properties requisite for paints used in outside work. Yel- low and red ochres are found in considerable quantities on the Missouri 20 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. River. Some of these paints have been thoroughly tested and found fire-proof and durable. SPRINGS AND WATER POWER. No State is, perhaps, better supplied with cold springs of pure water than Missouri. Out of the bottoms, there is scarcely a section of land but has one or more perennial springs of good water. Even where there are no springs, good water can be obtained by digging from twenty to forty feet. Salt springs are abundant in the central part of the State, and discharge their brine in Cooper, Saline, Howard, and adjoining counties. Considerable salt was made in Cooper and Howard Counties at an early day. Sulphur springs are also numerous throughout the State. The Chouteau Springs in Cooper, the Monagaw Springs in St, Clair, the Elk Springs in Pike, and the Cheltenham Springs in St. Louis County have acquired considerable reputation as salubrious waters, and have become popular places of resort. Many other counties have good sulphur springs. Among the Chalybeate springs the Sweet Springs on the Black- water, and the Chalybeate spring in the University campus are, perhaps, the most popular of the kind in the State. There are, however, other springs impregnated with some of the salts of iron. Petroleum springs are found in Carroll, Ray, Randolph, Cass, Lafeyette, Bates, Vernon, and other counties. The variety called lubricating oil is the more common. The water power of the State is excellent. Large springs are particularly abundant on the waters of the Meramec, Gasconade, Bourbeuse, Osage, Niangua, Spring, White, Sugar, and other streams. Besides these, there are hundreds of springs sufBciently large to drive mills and factories, and the day is not far distant when these crystal fountains will be utilized, and a thousand saws will buzz to their dashing music. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 21 CHAPTEE lY. TITLE AND EARLY SETTLEMENTS. Title to Missouri Lands — Eight of Discovery — Title of France and Spain — Cession to the United States — Territorial Changes — Treaties with Indians — First Settle- ment — Ste. Genevieve and New Bourbon — St. Louis — When Incorporated — Potosi — St. Charles — Portage des Sioux — New Madrid — St. Francois County — Perry — Mississippi — Loutre Island — "Boone's Lick" — Cote Sans Dessein ^ — Howard County — Some First Things — Counties — When Organized. The title to th*e soil of Missouri was, of course, primarily vested in the original occupants who inhabited the country prior to its discovery by the whites. But the Indians, being savages, possessed but few rights that civilized nations considered themselves bound to respect ; so, therefore, when they found this country in the possession of such a people they claimed it in the name of the King of France, by the right of discovery. It remained under the jurisdiction of France until 1763. Prior to the j^ear 1763, the entire continent of North America was divided between France, England, Spain and Russia. France held all that portion that now constitutes our national domain west of the Mississippi River, except Texas, and the territory which we have obtained from Mexico and Russia. The vast region, while under the jurisdiction of France, was known as the " Province of Louisiana," and embraced the present State of Missouri. At the close of the " Old French War," in 1763, France gave up her share of the con- tinent, and Spain came into the possession of the territory west of the Mississippi River, while Great Britain retained Canada and the regions northward, having obtained that territory by conquest, in the war with France. For thirty-seven years the territory now embraced within the limits of Missouri, remained as a part of the possession of Spain, and then went back to France by the treaty of St. Ildefonso, October 1, 1800. On the 30th of April, 1803, France ceded it to the United States, in consideration of receiving $11,250,000, and the liquidation of certain claims, held by citizens of the United States against France, which amounted to the further sum of $3,750,000, making a total of $15,000,000. It will thus be seen that France has twice, and Spain once, held sovereignty over the territory embracing 22 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Missouri, "but the financial needs of Napoleon afforded our Govern- ment an opportunity to add another empire to its domain. On the 31st of October, 1803, an act of Congress was approved, authorizing the President to take possession of the newly acquired territory, and provided for it a temporary government, and another act, approved March 26, 1804, autliorized the division of the " Louis- iana Purchase," as it was then called, into two separate territories. All that portion south of the 33d parallel of north latitude was called the " Territory of Orleans," and that north of the said parallel was known as the " District of Louisiana," and was placed under the jurisdiction of what was then known as " Indian Territory." By virtue of an act of Congress, approved March 3, 1805, the *' District of Louisiana" was organized as the "Territory of Louis- iana," with a territorial government of its own, which went into operation July 4th of the same year, and it so remained till 1812. In this year the " Territory of Orleans " became the State of Louisiana, a,nd the "Territory of Louisiana" was organized as the " Territory ■of Missouri." This change took place under an act of Congress, approved June 4, 1812. In 1819, a portion of this territory was organized as " Arkan- sas Territory," and on August 10, 1821, the State of Missouri was admitted, being a part of the former " Territory of Missouri." In 1836, the " Platte Purchase," then being a part of the Indian Territory, and now composing the counties of Atchison, Andrew, Buchanan, Holt, Nodaway and Platte, was made by treaty with the Indians, and added to the State. It will be seen, then, that the soil ■of Missouri belonged : — 1. To France, with other territory. 2. In 1763, with other territory, it was ceded to Spain. 3. October 1, 1800, it was ceded", with other territory from Spain, back to France. 4. April 30, 1803, it was ceded, with other territory, by France to the United States. 5. October 31, 1803, a temporary government was authorized by Congress for the newly acquired territory. 6. October 1, 1804, it was included in the " District of Louisiana" and placed under the territorial government of Indiana. 7. July 4, 1805, it was included as a part of the " Territory of Louisiana," then organized with a separate territorial government. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 23 8. June 4, 1812, it was embraced in what was then made the " Ter- ritory of Missouri." 9. August 10, 1821, it was admitted into the Union as a State. 10. In 1836, the *' Platte Purchase" was made, adding more ter- ritory to the State. The cession by France, April 30, 1803, vested the title in the United States, subject to the claims of the Indians, which it was very justly the policy of the Government to recognize. Before the Government of the United States could vest clear title to the soil in the o-rantee it was necessary to extinguish the Indian title by purchase. This was done accordingly by treaties made with the Indians at different times. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. The name of the first white man who set foot on the territory now embraced in the State of Missouri, is not known, nor is it known at what precise period the first settlements were made. It is, however, generally agreed that they were made at Ste. Genevieve and New Bourbon, tradition fixing the date of the settlements in the autumn of 1735. These towns were settled by the French from Kaskaskia and St. Philip in Illinois. St. Louis was founded by Pierre Laclede Liguest, on the 15th of February, 1764. He was a native of France, and was one of the members of the company of Laclede Liguest, Antonio Maxant & Co., to whom a royal charter had been granted, confirming the privilege of an exclusive trade with the Indians of Missouri as far north as St. Peter's River. While in search of a trading post he ascended the Mississippi as far as the mouth of the Missouri, and finally returned to the present town site of St. Louis. After the village had been laid off he named it St. Louis in honor of Louis XV., of France. The colony thrived rapidly by accessions from Kaskaskia' and other towns on the east side of the Mississippi, and its trade was largely in. creased by many of the Indian tribes, who removed a portion of their peltry trade from the same towns to St. Louis. It was incorporated as a town on the ninth day of November, 1809, by the Court of Com- mon Pleas of the district of St. Louis : the town trustees beinor Auguste Chouteau, Edward Hempstead, Jean F. Cabanne, Wm. C. Carr and William Christy, and incorporated as a city December 9, 1822. The selection of the town site on which St. Louis stands was highly judicious, the spot not only being healthful and having the ad- 24 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. vantages of water transportation unsiirpastjed, but siiiTounded by a beautiful region of country, rich in soil and mineral resources. St. Louis has grown to be the fifth city in population in the Union, and is to-day the great center of internal commerce of the Missouri, tlie Mississippi and their tributaries, and, with its railroad facilities, it is destined to be the greatest inland city of the American continent. The next settlement was made at Potosi, in Washington County, in 1765, b}^ Francis Breton, who, while chasing a bear, discovered the mine near the present town of Potosi, where he afterward located. One of the most prominent pioneers who settled at Potosi was Moses Austin, of Virginia, who, in 1795, received by grant from the Spanish government a league of land, now known as the "Austin Sur- vey." The grant was made on condition that Mr. Austin would es- tablish a lead mine at Potosi and work it. He built a palatial residence, for that day, on the brow of the hill in the little village, which was for many years known as " Durham Hall.'' At this point the first shot-tower and sheet-lead manufactory were erected. Five years after the founding of St. Louis the first settlement made in Northern Missouri was made near St. Charles, in St. Charles County, in 1769. The name given to it, and which it retained till 1784, was Les Petites Cotes, signifying. Little Hills. The town site was located by Blanchette, a Frenchman, surnamed LeChasseur, who bnilt the first fort in the town and established there a military post. Soon after the establishment of the military post at St. Charles, the old French village of Portage des Sioux, was located on the Missis- sippi, just below the mouth ot the Illinois River, and at about the same time a Kickapoo village was commenced at Clear Weather Lake. The present town site of New Madrid, in New Madrid county, was settled in 1781, by French Canadians, it then being occupied by Del- aware Indians. The place now known as Big River Mills, St. Fran- cois county, was settled in 1796, Andrew Baker, John Alley, Francis Starnater and John Andrews, each locating claims. The following year, a settlement was made in the same county, just below the pres- ent town of Farmington, by the Rev. William Murphy, a Baptist min- ister from East Tennessee. In 1796, settlements were made in Perry county by emigrants from Kentucky and Pennsylvania ; the latter lo- cating in the rich bottom lands of Bois Brule, the former generally settling in the " Barrens," and along the waters of Saline Creek. Bird's Point, in Mississippi county, opposite Cairo, Illinois, was settled August 6, 1800, by John Johnson, by virtue of a land-grant HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 25 from the commandant under the Spanish Government. Norfolk and Charleston, hi the same county, were settled respectively in 1800 and 1801. Warren comity was settled in 1801. Lontre Island, below the present town of Hermann, in the Missouri Kiver, was settled by a few American families in 1807. This little company of pioneers suf- fered greatly from the floods, as well as from the incursions of thieving and blood-thirsty Indians, and many incidents of a )bhrilling character could be related of trials and struggles, had we the time and space. In 1807, Nathan and Daniel M. Boone, sons of the great hunter and pioneer, in company with three others, went from St. Louis to "Boone's Lick," in Howard county, where they manufactured salt and formed the nucleus of a small settlement. Cote Sans Dessein, now called Bakersville, on the Missouri River, in Callaway county, was settled by the French in 1801. This little town was considered at that time, as the " Far West" of the new world. During the war of 1812, at this place many hard-fought battles occurred between the whites and Indians, wherein woman's fortitude and courage greatly assisted in the defence of the settle- ment. In 1810, a colony of Kentuckians numbering one hundred and fifty families immigrated to Howard county, and settled on the Missouri River in Cooper's Bottom near the present town of Franklin, and opposite Arrow Rock. Such, in brief, is the history of some of the early settlements of Missouri, covering a period of more than half a century. These settlements were made on the water courses ; usually along the banks of the two great streams, whose navigation afibrded them transporta:tion for their marketable commodities, and communication with the civilized portion of the country. They not only encountered the gloomy forests, settling as they did by the river's brink, but the hostile incursion of savage Indians, by whom they were for many years surrounded. The expedients of these brave men who first broke ground in the territory, have been succeeded by the permanent and tasteful improve- ments of their descendants. Upon the spots where they toiled, dared and died, are seen the comfortable farm, the beautiful village, and thrifty city. Churches and school houses greet the eye on every hand ; railroads diverge in every direction, and, indeed, all the appli- ances of a higher civilization are profusely strewn over the smiling: surface of the State. 26 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Culture's hand Has scattered verdure o'er the land; And smiles and fragrance rule serene, Where barren wild usurped the scene. SOME FIRST THINGS. The first marriage that took place in Missouri was April 20, 1766, in St. Louis. The first baptism was performed in May, 1766, in St. Louis. The first house of worship, (Catholic) was erected in 1775, at St. Louis. The first ferry established in 1805, on the Mississippi River, at St. Louis. The first newspaper established in St. Louis (Missouri Gazette), in 1808. The first postofiice was established in 1804, in St. Louis — Rufus Easton, post-master. The first Protestant church erected at Ste. Genevieve, in 1806 — Baptist. The first bank established (Bank of St. Louis), in 1814. The first market house opened in 1811, in St. Louis. The first steamboat on the Upper Mississippi was the General Pike, Capt. Jacob Reid ; landed at St. Louis 1817. The first board of trustees for public schools appointed in 1817, St. Louis. The first college built (St. Louis College), in 1817. The first steamboat that came up the Missouri River as high as Franklin was the Independence, in May, 1819 ; Capt. Nelson, mas- ter. The first court house erected in 1823, in St. Louis. The first cholera appeared in St. Louis in 1832. The first railroad convention held in St. Louis, April 20, 1836. The first telegraph lines reached East St. Louis, December 20, 1847. The first great fire occurred in St. Louis, 1849. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. * 27 CHAPTEE y. TERRITOEIAL OEGANIZATION. Organization 1812 — Council— House of Representatives— "William Clark first Terri- torial Governor— Edward Hempstead first Delegate — Spanish Grants— First General Assembly — Proceedings — Second Assembly — Proceedings — Population of Territory — Vote of Territory — Ruf us Easton — Absent Members — Third Assem- bly — Proceedings — Application for Admission. Congress organized Missouri as a Territory, July 4, 1812, with a Governor and General Assembly. The Governor, Legislative Coun- cil, and House of Representatives exercised the Legislative power of thp Territory, the Governor's vetoing power being absolute. he Legislative Council was composed of nine members, whose ten- ure of office lasted five years. Eighteen citizens were nominated by the House of Representatives to the President of the United States, from whom he selected, with the approval of the Senate, nine Coun- cillors, to compose the Legislative Council. The House of Representatives consisted of members chosen every two years by the people, tlie basis of representation being one mem- ber for every five hundred white males. Tlie first House of Repre- sentatives consisted of thirteeii members, and, by Act of Congress, the whole number of Representatives could not exceed twenty-five. The judicial power of the Territory, was vested in the Superior and Inferior Courts, and in the Justices of the Peace ; the Superior Court having three judges, whose term of office continued four years, hav- ing original and appellate jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases. The Territory could send one delegate to Congress. Governor Clark issued a proclamation, October 1st, 1812, required by Congress, reorganizing the districts of St. Charles, St. Louis, Ste. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau, and New Madrid, into five counties, and fixed the second Monday in November following, for the election of a delegate to Congress, and the members of the Territorial House of Represen- tatives. William Clark, of the expedition of Lewis and Clark, was the first Territorial Governor, appointed by the President, who began his duties 1813. Edward Hempstead, Rufus Easton, Samuel Hammond, and Matthew Lyon were candidates in November for delegates to Congress. 28 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Edward Hempstead was elected, being the first Territorial Dele- gate to Cono-ress from Missouri. He served one term, declining a second, and was instrumental in having Congress to pass the act of June 13, 1812, which he introduced, confirming the title to lands which were claimed by the people by virtue of Spanish grants. The same act confirmed to the people " for the support of schools," the title to vilhige lots, out-lots or common field lots, which were held and enjoyed by them, at the time of the session in 1803. Under the act of June 4, 1812, the first General Assembly held its session in the house of Joseph Eobidoux, in St. Louis, on the 7th of December, 1812. The names of the members of the House were : — St. Charles. — John Pitman and Robert Spencer. St. Louis. — David Music, Bernard G. Farrar, William C. Carr, and Richard Clark. Ste. Genevieve. — George Bullet, Richard S. Thomas, and Isaac McGready. Cape Girardeau. — George F. Bollinger, and Spencer Byrd. New Madrid. — John Shrader and Samuel Phillips. John B. C. Lucas, one of the Territorial Judges, administered the oath of ofiice. William C. Carr was elected speaker, and Andrew Scott, Clerk. The House of Representatives proceeded to nominate eighteen per- sons from whom the President of the United States, with the Senate, was to select nine for the Council. From this number the President chose the following : St. Charles. — James Flaugherty and Benjamin Emmons. St. Louis. — Auguste Chouteau, Sr., and Samuel Hammond. Ste. Genevieve. — John Scott and James Maxwell. Cape Girardeau. — William Neeley and Joseph Cavenor. New Madrid. — Joseph Hunter. The Legislative Council, thus chosen by the President and Senate, was announced by Frederick Bates, Secretary and Acting-Governor of the Territory, by proclamation, June 3, 1813, and fixing the first Monday in July following, as the time for the meeting of the Legis- lature. In the meantime the duties of the executive office were assumed by William Clark. The Legislature accordingly met, as required by the Acting-Governor's proclamation, in July, but its proceedings were never officially published. Consequently but little is known in refer- ence to the workings of the first Territorial Legislature in Missouri. HISTORiT OF MISSOURI. 29 From the imperfect account, published in the Missouri Gazette, of that day ; a paper which had been in existence since 1808, it is found that laws were passed regulating and establishing weights and meas- ures ; creating the office of Sheriff; providing the manner for taking the census ; permanently fixing the seats of Justices, and an act to compensate its own members. At this session, laws were also passed defining crimes and penalties ; laws in reference to forcible entry and detainer ; establishing Courts of Common Pleas ; incorporating the Bank of St. Louis ; and organizing a part of Ste. Genevieve county into the county of Washington. The next session of the Leo-islature convened in St. Louis, Decem- ber 6, 1813. George Bullet of Ste. Genevieve county, was speaker elect, and Andrew Scott, clerk, and William Sullivan, doorkeeper. Since the adjournment of the former Legislature, several vacancies had occurred, and new members had been elected to fill their places. Among these was Israel McCready, from the county of Washington. The president of the legislative council was Samuel Hammond. No journal of the council was officially published, but the proceedings of the house are found in the Gazette. At this session of the Legislature many wise and useful laws were passed, having reference to the temporal as well as the moral and spiritual welfare of the people. Laws were enacted for the suppres- sion of vice and immorality on the Sabbath day ; for the improve- ment of public roads and highways ; creating the offices of auditor, treasurer and county surveyor ; regulating the fiscal affairs of the Territory and fixing the boundary lines of New Madrid, Cape Girar- deau, Washington and St. Charles counties. The Legislature ad- journed on the 19th of January, 1814, sine die. The population of the Territory as shown by the United States census in 1810, was 20,845. The census taken by the Legislature in 1814 gave the Territory a population of 25,000. This enumeration shows the county of St. Louis contained the greatest number of in- habitants, and the new county of Arkansas the least — the latter hav- ing 827, and the former 3,149. The candidates for delegate to Congress were Riifus Easton, Samuel Hammond, Alexander McNair and Thomas F. Kiddick. Rufus Easton and Samuel Hammond had been candidates at the preceding election. In all the counties, excepting Arkansas, the votes aggre- gated 2,599, of which number Mr. Easton received 965, Mr. Ham- 30 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. mond 746, Mr. McNair 853, and Mr. Eiddick (who had withdrawn previously to the election) 35. Mr. Easton was elected. The census of 1814 showing a large increase in the population of the Territory, an appointment was made increasing the number of Representatives in the Territorial Legislature to twenty-two. The General Assembly began its session in St. Louis, December 5, 1814. There were present on the first day twenty Eepresentatives. James, Caldwell of Ste. Genevieve county was elected speaker, and Andrew Scott who had been clerk of the preceding assembly, was chosen clerk. The President of the Council was William Neeley, of Cape Girardeau county. It appeared that James Maxwell, the absent member of the Council, and Seth Emmons, member elect of the House of Representatives, were dead. The county of Lawrence was organized at this session, from the western part of New Madrid county, and the corporate powers of St. Louis were enlarged. In 1815 the Territorial Legisla- ture ao-ain began its session. Only a partial report of its proceedings are o-iven in the Gazette. The county of Howard was then organized from St. Louis and St. Charles counties, and included all that part of the State lying north of the Osage and south of the dividing ridge between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. (For precise bounda- ries, see Chapter I. of the History of Boone County.) The next session of the Territorial Legislature commenced its ses- sion in December, 1816. During the sitting of this Legislature many important acts were passed. It was then that the " Bank of Mis- souri " was chartered and went into operation. In the fall of 1817 the "Bank of St. Louis" and the "Bank of Missouri" were issuing bills. An act was passed chartering lottery companies, chartering the academy at Potosi, and incorporating a board of^ trustees for superintending the schools in the town of St. Louis. Laws were also" passed to encourage the " killing of wolves, panthers and wild-cats." The Territorial Legislature met again in December, 1818, and, among other things, organized the counties of Pike, Cooper, Jeffer- son, Franklin, Wayne, Lincoln, Madison, Montgomery, and three counties in the Southern part of Arkansas. In 1819 the Territory of Arkansas was formed into a separate government of its own. The people of the Territoiy of Missouri had been, for some time, anxious that their Territory should assume the duties and responsibilities of a sovereign State. Since 1812, the date of the organization of the Territory, the population had rapidly increased, many counties had HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 31 been established, its commerce had grown into importance, its agri- cultural and mineral resources were being developed, and believing that its admission into the Union as a State would give fresh impetus to all these interests, and hasten its settlement, the Territorial Legis- lature of 1818-19 accordingly made application to Congress for the passage of an act authorizing the people of Missouri to organize a State government. CHAPTER YI. Application of Missouri to be admitted into the Union — Agitation of tlie Slavery Question — " Missouri Compromise " — Constitutional Convention of 1820 — Con- stitution presented to Congress — Further Eesistance to Admission — Mr. Clay and his Committee make Eeport — Second Compromise — Missouri Admitted. With the application of the Territorial Legislature of Missouri for her admission into the Union, commenced the real agitation of the sla^^ry question in the United States. Not only was our National Legishiture the theater of angry discus- sions, but everywhere throughout the length and breadth of the Ke- public the "Missouri Question" was the all-absorbing theme. The political skies threatened, "In forked flashes, a commanding tempest," Which was liable to burst upon the nation at any moment. Through such a crisis our country seemed destined to pass. The question as to the admission of Missouri was to be the beginning of this crisis, which distracted the public counsels of the nation for more than forty years afterward. Missouri asked to be admitted into the great family of States. " Lower Louisiana," her twin sister Territory, had knocked at the door of the Union eight years previously, and was admitted as stipu- lated by Napoleon, to all the rights, privileges and immunities of a State, and in accordance with the stipulations of the same treaty, Missouri now sought to be clothed with'the same rights, privileges and immunities. As what is known in the history of the United States as the *' Mis- souri Compromise," of 1820, takes rank among the most prominent 32 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. measures tliat had up to that day engaged the attention of our National Legislature, we shall enter somewhat into its details, being connected as they are with the annals of the State. February 15th, 1819. — After the House had resolved itself into a Committee of the "Whole on the bill to authorize the admission of Mis- souri into the Union, and after the question of her admission had been discussed for some time, Mr. Tallmadge, of New York, moved to amend the bill, by adding to it the following proviso : — ^''And Provided, That the fnrther introduction of slavery or involun- tary servitude be prohibited, except for the punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, and that all chil- dren boi-n within the said State, after the admission thereof into the Union, shall be free at the age of twenty-five years." As might have been expected, this proviso precipitated the angry discussions which lasted nearly three years, finally culminating in the Missouri Compromise. All phases of the slavery question were pre- sented, not in its moral and social aspects, but as a great constitu- tional question, affecting Missouri and the admission of future States. The proviso, when submitted to a vote, was adopted — 79 to 67, and so reported to the House. Hon. John Scott, who was at that time a delegate from the Terri- tory of Missouri, was not permitted to vote, but as such delegate he had the privilege of participating in the debates Avhich followed. On the 16th day of February the proviso was taken up and discussed. After several speeches had been made, among them one by Mr. Scott and one by the author of the proviso, Mr. Tallmadge, the amendment, or proviso, was divided into two parts, and voted upon. The first part of it, which included all to the word " convicted," was adopted — 87 to 76. The remaining part was then voted upon, and also adopted, by 82 to 78. By a vote of 97 to 56 the bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading. The Senate Committee, to whom the bill was referred, reported the same to the Senate on the 19th of February, when that body voted first upon a motion to strike out of the proviso all after the word *' convicted," which was carried by a vote of 32 to 7. It then voted to strike out the first entire clause, which prevailed — 22 to 16, thereby defeating the proviso. The House declined to concur in the action of the Senate, and the bill was again returned to that body, which in turn refused to recede from its position. The bill was lost and Congress adjourned. This HISTOKY OF MISSOURI. 33 was most unfortunate for the country. The people having already been wrought up to fever heat over the agitation of the question in the National Councils, now became intensely excited. The press added fuel to the flame, and the progress of events seemed rapidly tending to the downfall of our nationality. A long interval of nine months was to ensue before the meeting of Congress. The body indicated by its vote upon the " Missouri Ques- tion," that the two great sections of the country were politically divided upon the subject of slavery. The restrictive clause, which it was sought to impose upon Missouri as a condition of her admission, would in all probability, be one of the conditions of the admission of the Territory of Arkansas. The public mind was in a state of great doubt and uncertainty up to the meeting of Congress, which took place on the 6th of December, 1819. The memorial of the Legisla- tive Council and House of Kepresentatives of tlie Missouri Territory, praying for admission into the Union, was presented to tiie Senate by Mr. Smith, of South (Carolina. It was referred to the Judiciary Committee. Some three weeks having passed without any action thereon by the Senate, the bill was taken up and discussed by tlie House until the 19th of February, when the bill from the Senate for the admission of Mahie was considered. The bill for the admission of Maine included the " Missouri Question," by an amendment which read as follows : "And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, whicli lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes, north latitude (except- ing such part thereof as is) included within the limits of the State, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, other- wise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been convicted, shall be and is hereby forever prohibited; Provided, always. That any person escaping into the same from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed, in any State or Territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or services as aforesaid." The Senate adopted this amendment, which formed the basis of the ^'Missouri Compromise," modified afterward by striking out the words, " excepting only such part thereof.''' The bill passed the Senate by a vote of 24 to 20. On the 2d day of March the House took up the bill and amendments for consideration, iind by a vote of 134 to 42 concurred in the Senate amendment, and 34 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. the bill being passed by the two Houses, constituted section 8, ©f "An Act to authorize the people of the Missouri Territory to form a Constitution and State Government, and for the admission of such State into the Union on an equal footing with the original States, and to prohibit slavery in certain territory." This act was approved March 6, 1820. Missouri then contained fif- teen organized counties. By act of Congress the people of said State were authorized to hold an election on the first Monday, and two suc- ceeding days thereafter in May, 1820, to select representatives to a State convention. This convention met in St. Louis on the 12th of June, following the election in May, and concluded its labors on the 19th of July, 1820. David Barton was its President, and Wm. G. Pettis, Secretary. There were forty-one members of this convention, men of ability and statesmanship, as the admirable constitution which they framed amply testifies. Their names and the counties repre- sented by them are as follows : — Cape Girardeau. —Stephen Byrd, James Evans, Richard S.. Thomas, Alexander Buckner and Joseph McFerron. — Cooper. — Robert P. Clark, Robert Wallace, Wm. Lillard. Franklin. — John G. Heath. Hoivard. — Nicholas S. Burkhart, Duff Green, John Ray, Jonathan S. Findley, Benj. H. Reeves. Jefferson. — Daniel Hammond. Lincoln. — Malcom Henry. Montgo7nery. — Jonathan Ramsey, James Talbott. Madison. — Nathaniel Cook. New Madrid. — Robert S. Dawson, Christopher G. Houts. Pike. — Stephen Cleaver. 8t. Charles. — Benjamin Emmons, Nathan Boone, Hiram H. Baber. Ste. Genevieve. — John D. Cook, Henry Dodge, John Scott, R. T. Brown. St. Louis. — T>cW\^ Barton, Edward Bates, Alexander McNair, Wm. Rector, John C. Sullivan, Pierre Chouteau, Jr., Bernard Pratte, Thomas F. Riddick. Washington. — John Rice Jones, Samuel Perry, John Hutchino-s. Wayne. — Elijah Bettis. On the 13th of November, 1820, Congress met again, and on the sixth of the same mo ith Mr. Scott, the delegate from Missouri, pre- sented to the House the Constitution as framed by the convention. ^ HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 35 The same was referred to a select committee, who made thereon a favorable report. The admission of the State, however, was resisted, because it was claimed that its constitution sanctioned slavery, and authorized the Legislature to pass laws preventing free negroes and mulattoes from, settling in the State. The report of the committee to whom was referred the Constitution of Missouri was accompanied by a preamble and resolutions, offered by Mr. Lowndes, of South Carolina. The preamble and resolutions were stricken out. The application of the State foi- admission shared the same fate in the Senate. The question was referred to a select committee, who, on the 2yth of November, reported in favor of admitting the State. The debate, which followed, continued for tWsO weeks, and finally Mr. Eaton, of Tennessee, offered an amendment to the resolution as fol- lows : — " Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to give the asseivt of Congress to any provision in the Constitution of Missouri, if any such there be, which contravenes that clause in the Constitution of the United States, which declares that the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States." The resohition, as amended, was adopted. The resolution and proviso were again taken up and discussed at great length, when the committee agreed to report the resolution to the House. The question on agreeing to the amendment, as reported from the committee of the whole, was lost in the House. A similar resolution afterward passed the Senate, but was again rejected in tlie House. Then it was that that great statesman and pure patriot, Henry Clay, of Kentuck}'', feeling that the hour had come when angry discussions should cease, " With grave Aspect he rose, and in his rising seem'd A pillar of state ; deep on his front engravei Deliberation sat and public care ; And princely counsel in his face yet shone Majestic" ****** proposed that the question of Missouri's admission be referred to a^ committee consisting of twenty-three persons (a number equal to the nunil)er of States then composing the Union), be appointed to act in conjunction with a committee of the Senate to consider and report whether Missouri should be admitted, etc. 36 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. The motion prevailed ; the committee was appointed and Mr. Clay made its chairman. The Senate selected seven of its members to act with the committee of twenty-three, and on the 26th of February the following report was made by that committee : — • ' " Eesolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Couo-ress assembled : Tliat Missouri shall be admitted into the Union, on an equal footing with the original States, in all respects whatever, upon the fundamental condition that the fourth clause, of the twenty-sixth section of the third article of the Constitution submitted on the part of said State to Congress, shall never be construed to authorize the passage of any law, and that no law shall be passed in conformity thereto, by wliich any citizen of either of the States in this Union shall be excluded from the enjoy- ment of any of the privileges and immunities to which such citizen is entitled, under the Constitution of the United States ; provided. That the Legislature of said State, by a Solemn Public Act, shall declare the assent of the said State, to the said fundamental condition, and shall transmit to the President of the United States, on or before the fourth Monday in November next, an authentic copy of the said act ; upon the receipt whereof, the President, by prochimation, shall an- nounce the fact; whereupon, and without any further proceeding on the part of Congress, the admission of the said State into the Union shall be considered complete." This resolution, after a brief debate, was adopted in the House, and passed the Senate on the 28th of February, 1821. At a special session of the Legislature held in St. Charles, in June following, a Solemn Public Act was adopted, giving its assent to the conditions of admission, as expressed in the resolution of Mr. Clay. August 10th, 1821, President Monroe announced by proclamation thf^ admission of Missouri into the Union to be complete. mSTORY OF MISSOURI. 37 CHAPTER yil. MISSOURI AS A STATE. \ First Election for Govei'nor and other State Officers — Senators and Representatives to General Assembly — Sheriffs and Coroners — U. S. Senators — Representatives in Congress — Supreme Court Judges — Counties Organized — Capital Moved to St. Charles — Official Record of Territorial and State Officers. By the Constitution adopted by the Convention on the 19th of July, 1820, the General Assembly was required to meet in St. Louis on the third Monday in September of that year, and an election was ordered to be held on the 28th of August for the election of a Governor and other State officers, Senators and Representatives to the General Assembly, Sheriffs and Coroners, United States Senators and Repre- sentatives in Congress. It will be seen that Missouri had not as yet been admitted as a State, but in anticipation of that event, and according to the provi- sions of the constitution, the election was held, and the General As- sembly convened. William Clark (who had been Governor of the Territory) and Alexander McNair were the candidates for Governor. McNair re- ceived 6,576 votes, Clark 2,556, total vote of the State 9,132. There were three candidates for Lieutenant-Governor, to wit : William H. Ashley, Nathaniel Cook and Henry Elliot. Ashley received 3,907 votes, Cook 3,212, Elliot 931. A Representative was to be elected for the residue of the Sixteenth Congress and one for the Seventeenth. John Scott who was at the time Territorial delegate, was elected to both Congresses without opposition. The General Assembly elected in August met on the 19th of Sep- tember, 1820, and organized by electing James Caldwell, of Ste. Genevieve, speaker, and John McArthur clerk; William H. Ashley, Lieutenant-Governor, President of the Senate ; Silas Bent, President, pro temi Mathias McGirk, John D. Cook, and John R. Jones were appointed Supreme Judges, each to hold office until sixty-five years of ao-e. Joshua Barton was appointed Secretary of State ; Peter Didier, State Treasurer ; Edward Bates, Attorney-General, and William Christie, Auditor of Public Accounts. 38 HTSTORY OF MISSOURI. David Barton and Thomas H. Benton were elected by the General Assembly to the United States Senate. At this session of the Legislature the counties of Boone, Callaway, Chariton, Cole, Gasconade, Lillard, Perry, Ralls, Ray and Saline were organized. We should like to give in details the meetings and proceedings of the different Legislatures which followed ; the elections for Govern- ors and other State officers ; the elections for Congressmen and United States Senators, but for want of space we can only present in a con- densed form the official record of the Territorial and State officers. OFFICIAL RECOED — TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. Governors. Frederick Bates, Secretary and William Clark . . Acting-G-overnor .... 1812-13 OFFICERS OF STATE GOVERNMENT. Governors. Alexander McNair 1820-24 Frederick Bates 1824-25 Abraham J. Williams, vice Bates 1825 John Miller, vice Bates . . . 1826-28 John Miller 1828-32 Daniel Dunklin, (1832-36) re- signed; appointed Surveyor General of the TJ. S. Lilburn W. Boggs, vice Dunklin . . 1836 Lilburn W. Boggs 1836-40 Thomas Keynolds (died 1844), . 1840-44 M. M. Marmaduke vice Rey- nolds — John C. Edwards . 1844-48 Austin A. King . . . . 1848-52 Sterling Price ...... 1852-56 Trusten Polk (resigned) . . . 1856-57 Hancock Jackson, vice Polk . 1857 Robert M. Stewart, vice Polk . 1857-60 O. F. Jackson (1860), office va- cated by ordinance; Hamil- ton R. Gamble, vice J ackson ; Gov. Gamble died 1864. Willard P. Hall, vice Gamble . 1864 Thomas C. Fletcher .... 1864-68 Joseph W. McClurg .... 1868-70 B. Gratz Brown 1870-72 Silas Woodson 1872-74 Oharles H. Hardin 1874-76 John S. Phelps 1876-80 Thomas T. Crittenden (now Governor) 1880 Lieutenant-Governors. William H. Ashley Benjamin H. Reeves Daniel Dunklin . Lilburn W. Boggs Franklin Cannon M. M. Marmaduke James Young Thomas L Rice. Wilson Br>iwn . Hancock Jackson Thomas C. Re3nolds Willard P. Hall George Smith Edwin O. Stanard Joseph J. Gi-avelly. Charles P. -Johnson Norman J. Coleman Henry C. Brockmeyer Robert A. Campbell (present incumbent) Secretaries of State. Joshua Barton . . William G. Pettis . Hamilton R. Gamble Spencer Pettis . . P. H. McBride . . John C. Edwards (term expired 1835, reappointed 1837, re- signed 1837) Peter G. Glover James L. Minor 1813-20 1820-24 1824-28 1828-32 1832-36 1836-40 1840-44 1844-48 1848-52 1852-55 1855-56 1860-61 1861-64 1864-68 1868-70 1870-72 1872-74 1874-76 1876-80 1880 1820-21 1821-24 1824-26 1826-28 1829-30 1830-37 1837-39 1839^5 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 39 OFFICERS OF F. H. Martin Ephraim B. Ewing . . .. John M. Richardson .... Benjamin F. Massey (re-elected 1860, for four years) .... Mordecai Oliver Francis Rodman (re-elected 18U8 for two years) Eugene F. Weigel, (re-elected 1872, for two years) .... Michael K. McG-rath (present incumbent) State Trcaswers. STATE GOVERNMENT — Continued. Peter Didier ....... Nathaniel Simonds . . . , James Earickson . . . . , John Walker Abraham McClelian . . . . Peter G. Glover ...... A. W. Morrison George C. Bingham . . . . William Bisliop William Q. Dallmeyer . . . Samuel Hays Harvey W. Salmon . . . . Joseph W. Mercer Elijali Gates Phillip E. Chappell (present in- cumbent) 1845-49 1849-52 1852-56 1856-60 1861-64 1864-68 1870-72 1874 1820-21 1821-28 1829-33 1833-38 1838^3 1843-51 1851-60 1862-64 186^68 1868-70 1872 1872-74 1874-76 1876-80 Attorney-Generals. Edward Bates Eufus Easton Robt. W. Wells William B. Napton . . . . S. M. Bay B. F. Stringfellow William A. Robards . . . . James B. Gardenhire . . . . Ephraim W. Ewing . . . . James P. Knott Aikman Welch Thomas T. Crittenden . . . Robert F. Wingate Horace P. Johnson A. J. Baker Henry Clay Ewing . . . . . .John A. Hockaday Jackson L. Smith D. H. Mclntire (present in- cumbent) 1880 1820-21 1821-26 1826-36 1836-39 1839-15 1845-49 1849-51 1851-56 1856-59 1859-61 1861-64 1864 1864-68 1868-70 1870-72 1872-74 1874-76 1876-80 1880 Audito7-s of Public Accounts. William Christie 1820-21 William V. Rector .... 1821-23 Elias Barcroft 1823-33 Henry Shurlds 1833-35 Peter G. Glover 1835-37 Hiram H. Baber 1837-45 William Monroe 1845 J. R. McDermon 1845-48 George W. Miller 1848-49 Wilson Brown 1849-52 William H. Buffington . . . 1852-60 William S. Moseley '. . . . 1860-64 Alonzo Thompson 1864-68 Daniel M. Draper 1868-72 George B. Clark 1872-74 Thomas Holladay . . . , . 187-80 John Walker (present incum- bent) 1880 Judges of Supreme Court. Matthias McGirk 1822-41 John D. Cooke 1822-23 John R. Jones 1822-24 Rufus Pettibone 1823-25 Geo. Tompkins 1824-45 Robert Wash 1825-37 John C. Edwards 1837-39 Wm. Scott, (appointed 1841 till meeting of General Assem- h\j in place of McGirk, re- signed; reappointed . . . 1843 P. H. McBride 1845 Wm. B. Napton 1849-52 John F. Ryland 1849-51 John H. Birch 1849-51 Wm. Scott, John F. Ryland, and Hamilton R. Gamble (elected by the people, for six years) 1851 Gamble (resigned) 1854 Abiel Leonard elected to fill va- cancy of Gamble. Wm. B. Napton (vacated by failure to file oaili). Wm. Scott and .John C. Rich- ardson (resigned, elected Au- gust, for six years) .... 1857 E. B. Ewing, (to fill Richard- son's resignation) .... 1859 Barton Bates (appointed) . . 1862 W. V. N. Bay (appointed) . . 1862 40 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. OFFICERS OF STATE G( John D. S. Dryden (appointed) 1862 Barton Bates 1863-65 W. V. N. Bay (elected) . . . 1863 John D, S. Dryden (elected) . 1868 David Wagner (appointed) . , 1865 Wallace L. Lovelace (appoint- ed) • 1865 Nathaniel Holmes (appointed) 1865 Thomas J. C. Fagg (appointed) 1866 James Baker (appointed) . . 1868 David Wagner (elected) . . . 1868-70 Philemon Bliss 1868-70 Warren Currier 1868-71 Washington Adams (appointed to fill Currier's place, who re- signed) 1871 Ephraim B. Ewing (elected) . 1872 Thomas A. Sherwood (elected) 1872 W. B. Napton (appointed in place of Ewing, deceased) . 1873 Edward A. Lewis (appointed, in place of Adams, resigned) 1874 Warwick Hough (elected) . . 1874 William B. Napton (elected) . 1874-80 John W. Henry 1876-86 Kobert D. Eay succeeded Wm. B. Napton in 1880 Elijah H. Norton (appointed in 1876), elected 1878 T. A. Sherwood (re-elected) 1882 United States Senators. T. H. Benton 1820-50 D. Barton 1820-30 Alex. Buckner 1830-33 L. F. Linn ........ 1833-43 D. E. Atchison 1843-55 H. S. Geyer 1851-57 James S. G-reen . .... . 1857-61 T. Polk. 1857-63 Waldo P. Johnson . . , . . 1861 Robert Wilson 1861 B. Gratz Brown (for unexpired term of Johnson) .... 1863 J. B. Henderson 1863-69 Charles D. Drake 1867-70 Carl Schurz 1869-75 D. F. Jewett (in place of Drake, resigned) . 1870 F. P. Blair 1871-77 L. V. Bogy . 1873 James Shields (elected for unex- pired term of Bogy) . . . 1879 STATE GOVERNMENT — Continued. D. H. Armstrong appointed for unexpired term of Bogy. F. M. Cockrell (re-elected 1881) 1875-81 George G. Vest 1879 Representatives to Congress. John Scott 1820-26 Ed. Bates 1826-28 Spencer Pettis 1828-31 William H. Ashley .... 1831-36 John Bull 1832-34 Albert G. Harrison 1834-39 John Miller 1836-42 John Jameson (re-elected 1846 for two years) 1839-44 John C. Edwards 1840-42 James M. Hughes 1842-44 James H.Relfe 1842-46 James B. Bowlin 1842-50 Gustavus M. Bower .... 1842-44 Sterling Price 1844-46 William McDaniel 1846 Leonard H. Sims 1844-46 John S. Phelps 1844-60 James S. Green (re-elected 1856, resigned) 1846-50 Will ard P. Hall 1846-53 William V. N. Bay .... 1848-61 John F. Darby 1850-53 Gilchrist Porter 1850-57 John G. Miller 1850-56 Alfred W. Lamb 1852-54 Thomas H. Benton 1852-54 Mordecai Oliver 1852-57 James J. Lindley 1852-56 Samuel Caruthers 1852-58 Thomas P. Akers (to fill unex- pired term of J. G. Miller, deceased) 1855 Francis P. Blair, Jr. (re-elected 1860, resigned) 1856 Thomas L. Anderson .... 1856-60 James Craig 1856-30 Samuel H. Woodson .... 1856-60 John B. Clark, Sr. . . . . . 1857-61 J. Richard Barrett 1860 John W. Nool 1858-63 James S. Rollins 1860-64 Elijah H. Norton 1860-63 JohnW.Reid 1860-61 William A. Hall 1862-64 Thomas L. Price (in place of Reid, expelled) 1862 HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. 41 OEFICEES OF Henry T. Blow Sempronius T. Boyd, (elected in 1862, and again in 1868, for two years.) Joseph W. McClurg .... Austin A. King Benjamin F. Loan John G-. Scott (in place of Noel, John Hogan .... ■ . . Thomas F.Noel John R. Kelsoe Eohert T. Van Horn . . . John F. Benjamin George W. Anderson .... "William A. Pile C. A. Newcomb Joseph J. Gravelly James R. McCormack . . . John H. Stover (in place of McClurg, resigned) ... Erastus Wells G. A. Finkleiiburg ... Samuel S. Burdett Joel F. Asper David P. Dyer Harrison E. Havens .... Isaac G. Parker James G. Blair Andrew King Edwin O. Stanard William H. Stone . . . . . Robert A. Hatcher (elected) . Richard B. Bland Thomas T. Crittenden . . . Ira B. Hyde John B. Clark, Jr John M. Glover STATE GOVERNMENT 1862-66 1862-66 1862-64 1862-69 1863 18'd4-66 1864-67 1864-66 1864-71 1864-71 1864-69 1866-68 1866-68 1866-68 1866-73 1867 1868-82 1868-71 1868-71 1868-70 1868-70 1870-75 1870-75 1870-72 1870-72 1872-74 1872-78 1872 1872 1872-74 1872-74 1872-78 1872 Continued, Aylett H. Buckner 1872 Edward C.Kerr 1874-78 Charles H. Morgan .... 1874 John F. Philips 1874 B. J. Franklin 1874 David Rea 1874 Rezin A. De Bolt 1874 Anthony Ittner 1876 Nathaniel Cole 1876 Robert A. Hatcher 1876-78 R. P. Bland 1876-78 A, H. Buckner 1876-78 J. B. Clark, Jr 1876-78 T. T. Crittenden 1876-78 B.J.Franklin ...... 1876-78 John M. (jlover 1876-78 Robert A. Hatcher 1876-78- Chas. H. Morgan 1876-78 L. S.Metcalf 1876-78 H.M. Pollard 1876-78 David Rea 1876-78 S. L. Sawyer 1878-80' N. Ford 1878-82 G. F. Rothwell 1878-82 John B. Clark, Jr 1878-82 W. H. Hatch 1878-82 A. H. Buckner 1878-82 M. L. Clardy 1878-82 R. G. Frost 1878-82 L. H. Davis 1878-82 R. P. Bland 1878-82 J. R. Waddell 1878-80 T. Alleu 1880-82 R. Huzeltine 1880-82 T. M. Rice 1880-82 R. T. Van Horn 1880-82 Nicholas Ford 1880-82 J. G. Burrows 1880-82 COUNTrES — WHEN ORGANIZED. Adair January 29, 1841 Andrew January 29, 1841 Atchison January 14, 1845 Audrain December 17, 1836 Barry January 5, 1835 Barton , December 12, 1835 Bates January 29, 1841 Benton January 3, 1835 Bollinger March 1, 1851 Boone November 16, 1820 Buchanan February 10, 1889 Caldwell December 26, Callaway November 25, Camden January 29, Cape Girardeau October 1, Carroll .January 8, Carter March 10, Cass September 14, Cedar February 14, Chariton November 16, Christian March 8, Clark December 15, 1836 1820 1841 1812 1833 1859 1885 1845 1820 1860 1818 42 HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. CotTNTiES, "WHEN ORGANIZED — Continued. Butler , February 27, 1849 Clay January 2, 1822 Clinton January 15, 1833 Cole «. November 16, 1820 Cooper December 17, 1818 '. Crawford • January 23, 1829 Dade January 29, 1841 Dallas December 10, 1844 Daviess December 29, 1836 DeKalb February 25, 1845 Dent February 10, 1851 Douglas October 19, 1857 Tuiklin February 14, 1845 Franklin December 11, 1818 Gasconade November 25, 1820 Gentry February 12, 1841 Greene January 2, 1883 Grundy January 2, 1843 Harrison February 14, 1845 Henry December 13, 1834 Hickory February 14, 1845 Holt February 15, 1841 Howard January 23, 1816 Howell March 2, 1857 Iron February 17, 1857 Jackson December 15, 1826 Jasper January 29, 1841 Jefferson December 8, 1818 Johnson December 13, 1834 Knox .February 14, 1845 Laclede February 24, 1849 Lafayette November 16, 1820 Lawrence February 25, 1845 Xewis January 2, 1833 Lincoln December 14, 1818 Linn January 7, 1837 Livingston January 6, 1837 McDonald March 3, 1849 Macon January 6, 1837 Madison December 14, 1818 Maries March 2, 1855 Marion December 23, 1826 Mercer .February 14, 1845 Miller February 6, 1837 Mississippi February 14, 1845 Moniteau February 14, 1345 Monroe January 6, Montgomery December 14, Morgan January New Madrid October 1 Newton December 31, Nodaway February 14, Oregon February 14, Osage January 29 Ozark .January 29 Pemiscot February 19, Perry November i& Pettis January 26 Phelps November 13 Pike December 14. Platte December 31 Polk March 13 Pulaski December 15 Putnam February 28. Ralls November 16, Randolph January 22 Ray November 16 Reynolds February 25 Ripley January 5, St. Charles October 1 St. Clair January 29 St. Francois December 19, Ste. Genevieve October 1 St. Louis October 1 Saline November 25 Schuyler February 14 Scotland January 29 Scott December 28, Shannon January 29 Shelby January 2, Stoddard January 2 Stone .....February 10, Sullivan February 16 Taney January 16 Texas February 14 Vernon February 17 Warren January 5 "Washington August 21 Wayne December 11 Webster March 3, Worth February 8, Wright January 29; , 1881 , 1818 , 1833 , 1812 , 1838 , 1845 , 1845 , 1841 , 1841 , 1861 , 1820 , 1833 , 1857 , 1818 , 1838 , 1835 , 1818 , 1845 , 1820 , 1829 ,1820 , 1845 , 1833 , 1812 , 1841 , 1821 , 1812 , 1812 , 1820 1845 , 1841 , 1821 , 1841 , 1835 , 1835 , 1851 , 1845 , 1837 , 1835 , 1851 , 1833 , 1813 , 1818 , 1855 , 1861 , 1841 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 43 CHAPTEE VIII. CIVIL WAR IN MISSOURI. Tort Sumter fired upon — Call for 75,000 men — Gov. Jackson refuses to furnish a man — U. S. Arsenal at Liberty, Mo., seized — Proclamation of Gov. Jackson — General Order No. 7 — Le3;islature convenes — Camp Jackson organized — Sterling- Price appointed Major-General — Frost's letter to Lyon — Lyon's letter to Frost — Surrender of Camp Jackson — Proclamation of Gen. Harney — Conference between Price and Harney — Harney superseded by Lyon — Second Conference — Gov. Jack- son burns the bridges behind him — Proclamation of Gov. Jackson — Gen. Blair takes possession of Jefferson City — Proclamation of Lyon — Lyon at Springfield — State offices declared vacant — Gen. Fremont assumes command — Proclamation of Lieut.-Gov. Reynolds — Proclamation of Jeff . Thompson and Gov. Jackson — Death of Gen. Lyon — Succeeded by Sturgis — Proclamation of McCulloch and Gamble — Martial law declared — Second proclamation of Jeff. Thompson — President modi- fies Fremont's order — Fremont relieved by Hunter — Proclamation of Price — Hun- ter's Order of Assessment — Hunter declares Martial Law — Order relating to Newspapers — Halleck succeeds Hunter — Halleck's Order 81 — Similar order by Halleck — Boone County Standard confiscated — Execution of prisoners at Macon and Palmyra — Gen. Swing's Order No. 11 — Gen. Rosecrans takes command — Mas- sacre at Centralia — Death of Bill Anderson — Gen. Dodge succeeds Gen. Rose- crans — List of Battles, " Lastly stood war — With visage grim, stern looks, and blackly hued, ******* Ah ! why will kings forget that they are men? And men that they are brethren? Why delight In human sacrifice? Why burst the ties Of nature, that should knit their souls together In one soft bond of amity and love?" Port Sumter was fired upon April 12, 186 1. On April 15tli, Presi- dent Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 men, from the the militia of the several States, to suppress combinations in the South- ern States therein named. Simultaneously therewith, the Secretary of War sent a telegram to all the governors of the States, excepting those mentioned in the proclamation, requesting them to detail a cer- tain iramber of militia to serve for three months, Missouri's quota being four regiments. In response to this telegram. Gov. Jackson sent the following answer : Executive Department of Missouri, Jefferson City, April 17, 1861. To the Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, Washington, D.C.: Sir: Your dispatch of the 15th inst., making a call on Missouri for 44 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. four regiments of men for immediate service, has been received. There can be, I apprehend, no doubt but these men are intended to form a part of the President's army to make war upon the people of the seceded States. Your requisition, in my judgment, is illegal, unconsti- tutional, and can not be complied with. Not one man will the State of Missouri furnish to carry on such an unholy war. C. F. Jackson, Governor of Missouri. April 21, 1861. U. S. Arsenal at Liberty was seized by order of Governor Jackson. April 22, 1861. Governor Jackson issued a proclamation convening the Legislature of Missouri, on May following, in extra session, to take into consideration the momentous issues which were presented, and the attitude to be assumed by the State in the impending struggle. On the 22nd of April, 1861, the Adjutant-General of Missouri issued the following military order : Headquarters Adjutant-General's Oefice, Mo., Jefferson City, April 22, 1861. {General Orders JVo. 7.) I. To attain a greater degree of efficiency and perfection in organ- ization and discipline, the Commanding Officers of the several Military districts in this State, having four or more legally organized compa- nies therein, whose armories are within fifteen miles of each other, will assemble their respective commands at some place to be by them sever- ally designated, on the 3rd day of May, and to go into an encampment for a period of six days, as provided by law. Captains of companies not organized into battalions will report the strength of their compa- nies immediately to these headquarters, and await further orders. II. The Quartermaster-General will procure and issue to Quarter- masters of Districts, for these commands not now provided for, all necessary tents and camp equipage, to enal^le the commanding officers thereof to carry the foregoing orders into effect. III. The Light Battery now attached to the Southwest Battalion, and one company of mounted riflemen, including all officers and sol- diers belonging to the First District, will proceed forthwith to St. Louis, and report to Gen. D. M. Frost for duty. The remaining companies of said battalion will be disbanded for the purpose of assisting in the organization of companies upon that frontier. The details in the exe- HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 45 cution of the foregoing are intrusted to Lieutenant-Colonel John S. Bowen, commandiug the Battalion. IV. The strength, organization, and equipment of the several com- panies in the District will be reported at once to these Headquarters, and District Inspectors will furnish all information which may be ser- viceable in ascertaining the condition of the State forces. Bj order of the Governor. Warwick Hough, Adjutant- General of Missouri. May 2, 1861. The Legislature convened in extra session. Many < acts were passed, among which was one to authorize the Governor to -purchase or lease David Ballentine's foundry at Boonville, for the man- ufacture of arms and munitions of war ; to authorize the Governor to appoint one Major-Geueral ; to authorize the Governor, when, in his opinion, the security and welfare of the State required it, to take pos- session of the railroad and telegraph lines of the State ; to provide for the organization, government, and support of the military forces; to borrow one million of dollars to arm and equip the militia of the State to repel invasion, and protect the lives and property of the people. An act was also passed creating a " Military Fund," to consist of all the money then in the treasury or that might thereafter be received from the one-tenth of one per cent, on the hundred dollars, levied by act of November, 1857, to complete certain railroads ; also the pro- ceeds of a tax of fifteen cents on the hundred dollars of the assessed value of the taxable property of the several counties in the State, and the proceeds of the two-mill tax, which had been theretofore appro- priated for educational purposes. May 3, 1861. " Camp Jackson" was organized. May 10, 1861. Sterling Price appointed Major-General of State Guard. May 10, 1861. General Frost, commanding " Camp J.nckson," ad- dressed General N. Lyon, as follows : — Headquarters Camp Jackson, Missouri Militia, May 10, 1861. Capt. N. Lyon, Commanding U. 8. Troops in and about St. Louis Arsenal: Sir : I am constantly in receipt of information that you contem- plate an attack upon my camp, whilst I understand that you are im- pressed with the idea that an attack upon the Arsenal and United ^States troops is intended on the part of the Militia of Missouri. I am 46 HISTORY OF MISSOUKI. greatly at a loss to know what could justify yon in attacking citizens of the United States, who are in lawful performance of their duties, devolving upon them under the Constitution in organizing and instruct- ing the militia of the State in obedience to her laws, and, therefore, have been disposed to doubt the correctness of the information I have received. I would be glad to know from you personally whether there is any truth in the statements that are constantly pouring into my ears. So far as regards any hostility being intended toward the United States, or its property or representatives by any portion of my command, or, as far as I can learn (and I think I am fully informed), of any other part of the State forces, I can positively say that the idea has never been entertained. On the contrary, prior to your taking command of the Arsenal, I proffered to Major Bell, then in command of the very few troops constituting its guard, the services of myself and all my command, and, if necessary, the whole power of the State, to protect the United States in the full possession of all her property. Upon General Harnej^ taking command of this department, I made the same proffer of services to him, and authorized his Adjutant-General, Capt. Williams, to communicate the fact that such had been done to the War Department. I have had no occasion since to change any of the views I entertained at the time, neither of my own volition nor through orders of ray constitutional commander. 1 trust that after this explicit statement that we may be able, by fully understanding each other, to keep far from our borders the mis- fortunes which so unhappily affect our common country. This communication will be handed you by Colonel Bowen, my Chief of Staff, who will be able to explain anything not fully set forth in the foregoing. I am, sir, very respectfully your obedient servant. Brigadier-Gkneral D. M. Frost, Coinmanding Camp Jackson, M. V. M. May 10, 1861. Gen. Lyon sent the following to Gen. Frost: Headquarters United States Troops, St. Louis, Mo., May 10, 1861. Gen. D. M. Frost, Gommanding Camp Jackson: Sir : Your command is regarded as evidently hostile toward the Government of the United States. It is, for the most part, made up of those Secessionists who have HISTOEY OF MISSOURI. 47 openly avowed their hostility to the Greneral Government, and have been plotting at the seizure of its property and the overthrow of its authority. You are openly in communication with the so-called Southern Confederacy, which is now at war with the United States, and you are receiving at your camp, from the said Confederacy and under its flag, large supplies of the material of war, most of which is known to be the property of the United States. These extraordinary preparations plainly indicate none other than the well-known purpose of the Governor of this State, under whose orders you are acting, and whose communication to the Legislature has just been responded to by that body in the most unparalleled legislation, having in direct view hostilities to the General Government and co-operation with its enemies. In view of these considerations, and of your failure to disperse in obedience to the proclamation of the President, and of the imminent necessities of State policy and warfare, and the obligations imposed upon me by instructions from Washington, it is my duty to demand, and I do hereby demand of you an immediate surrender of your com- mand, with no other conditions than that all persons surrendering under this command shall be humanely and kindly treated. Believing myself prepared to enforce this demand, one-half hour's time before doing so will be allowed for your compliance therewith. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, N. Lyon, Captain Second Infantry, Commanding Troops. May 10, 1861. Camp Jackson surrendered and prisoners all released excepting Capt. Emmet McDonald, who refused to subscribe to the parole. May 12, 1861. Brigadier-General Wm. S. Harney issued a procla- mation to the people of Missouri, saying " he would carefully abstain from the exercise of any unnecessary powers," and only use "the military force stationed in this district in the last resort to preserve peace." May 14, 1861. General Harney issued a second proclamation. May 21, 1861. General Harney held a conference with General Sterling Price, of the Missouri State Guards. May 31, 1861. General Harney superseded by General Lyon. June 11, 1861. A second conference was held between the National and State authorities in St. Louis, which resulted in nothing. 48 HSTORY OF MISSOURI. June 11, 1861. Gov. Jackson left St. Louis for Jeflferson City, burning the railroad bridges behind him, and cutting telegraph wires. June 12, 1861. Governor Jackson issued a proclamation calling into active service 50,000 militia, "to repel invasion, protect life, property," etc. June 15, 1861, Col. F. P. Blair took possession of the State Capi- tal, Gov. Jackson, Gen. Price and other officers having left. on the I3th of June for Boonville. June 17, 1861. Battle of Boonville took place between the forces ^f Gen. Lyon and Col. John S. Marmaduke. June 18, 1861. General Lyon issued a proclamation to the people of Missouri. July 5, 1861. Battle at Carthage between the forces of Gen. Sigel and Gov. Jackson. July 6, 1861. Gen. Lyon reached Springfield. July 22, 1861. State convention met and declared the offices of •Governor, Lieutenant-Governor and Secretary of State vacated. July 26, 1861. Gen. John C. Fremont assumed command of the Western Department, with headquarters in St. Louis. July 31, 1861. Lieutenant-Governor Thomas C. Eeynolds issued ~si proclamation at New Madrid. August 1, 1861. General Jeff. Thompson issued a proclamation at Bloomfield. August 2, 1861. Battle of Dug Springs, between Captain Steelef's forces and General Rains. August 5, 1861. Governor Jackson issued a proclamation at New Madrid. August 5, 1861. Battle of Athens. August 10, 1861 Battle of Wilson's Creek, between the forces under General Lyon and General McCuUoch. Li this engagement General Lyon was killed. General Sturgis succeeded General Lyon. August 12, 1861. McCulloch issued a proclamation, and soon left Missouri. August 20, 1861. General Price issued a proclamation. August 24, 1861. Governor Gamble issued a proclamation calling for 32,000 men for six mouths to protect the property and lives of the citizens of the State. August 30, 1861. General Fremont declared martial law, and -declared that the slaves of all persons who should thereafter take an .active part with the enemies of the Government' should be free. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 49 September 2, 1861. General Jeff. Thompson issued a proclamation in response to Fremont's proclamation. September 7, 1861. Battle at Drjvvood Creek. September 11, 1861. President Lincoln modified the clause in Gen. Fremont's declaration of martial law, in reference to the confiscation of property and liberation of slaves. September 12, 1861. General Price begins the attack at Lexing- ton on Colonel Mulligan's' forces. September 20, 1861. Colonel Mulligan with 2,640 men surren- dered. October 25, 1861. Second battle at Springfield. October 28, 1861. Passage bv Governor Jackson's Legislature, at Neosho, of an ordinance of secession. November 2, 1861. General Fremont succeeded by General David Hunter. November 7, 1861. General Grant attacked Belmont. November 9, 1861. General Hunter succeeded by General Halleck, who took command on the 19th of same month, with headquarters in St. Louis. November 27, 1861. General Price issued proclamation callino- for 50,000 men, at Neosho, Missouri. December 12, 1861. General Hunter issued his order of assess- ment upon certain wealthy citizens in St. Louis, for feeding and cloth- ing; Union refuoees. December 23-25. Declared martial law in St. Louis and the country adjacent, and covering all the railroad lines March 6, 1862. Battle at Pea Eidge between the forces under Gen- erals Curtis and Van Dorn. January 8, 1862. Provost Marshal Farrar, of St. Louis, issued the following order in reference to newspapers : Office of the Provost Marshal, ^ General Department of Missouri, > St. Louis, January 8, 1862. j (General Order No. 10.) It is hereby ordered that from and after this date the publishers of newspapers in the State of Missouri (St. Louis City papers excepted), furnish to this office, immediately upon publication, one copy of each issue, for inspection. A failure to comply with this order will render the newspaper liable to suppression. 50 , HISTORY OF MISSOURI. Local Provost Marshals will furnish the proprietors with copies of this order, and attend to its immediate enforcement. Bernard G. Farrar, Provost Marshal General. January 26, 1862. General Halleck issued order (No. 18) which forbade, among other things, the display of Secession flags in the hands of women or on carriages, in the vicinity of the military prison in McDovvell's College, the carriages to be confiscated and the oflend- ing women to be arrested. February 4, 1862. General Halleck issued another order similar to Order No. 18, to railroad companies and to the professors and direct- ors of the State University at Columbia, forbidding the funds of the institution to be used " to teach treason or to instruct traitors." February 20, 1862. Special Order No. 120 convened a military commission, which sat in Columbia, March following, and tried Ed- mund J. Ellis, of Columbia, editor and proprietor of " The Boone County Standard,'''' for the publication of information for the benefit of the enemy, and encouraging resistance to the United States Gov- ernment. Ellis was found guilty, was banished during the war from Missouri, and his printing materials confiscated and sold. April, 1862. General Halleck left for Corinth, Mississippi, leaving General Schofield in command. June, 1862. Battle at Cherry Grove between the forces under Colonel Joseph C. Porter and Colonel H. S. Lijiscomb. June, 1862. Battle at Pierce's Mill between the forces under Major John Y. Clopper and Colonel Porter. July 22, 1862. Battle at Florida. July 28, 1862. Battle at Moore's Mill. August 6, 1862. Battle near Kirksville. August 11, 1862. Battle at Independence. August 16, 1862. Battle at Lone Jack. September 13, 1862. Battle at Newtonia. September 25, 1862. Ten Confederate prisoners were executed at Macon, by order of General Merrill. October 18, 1862. Ten Confederate prisoners executed at Palmyra, by order of General McNeill. January 8, 1868. Battle at Springfield between the forces of Gen- eral Marmaduke and General E. B. Brown. April 26, 1863. Battle at Cape Girardeau. HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 51 August — , 1863. General Jeff. Thompson captured at Pocahontas, Arkansas, with his staff. August 25, 1863. General Thomas Ewing issued his celebrated Order No. 11, at Kansas City, Missouri, which is as follows : — Headquarters District or the Border, > Kansas City, Mo., August 25, 1863. \ (General Order No. 11.) First. — All persons living in Cass, Jackson and Bates Counties,. Missouri, and in that part of Vernon included in this district, except those living within one mile of the limits of Independence, Hickman's Mills, Pleasant Hill and Harrisonville, and except those in that part of Kaw Township, Jackson County, north of Brush Creek and west of the Big Blue, embracing Kansas City and Westport, are hereby ordered to remove from their present places of residence within fifteen days from the date hereof. Those who, within that time, establish their loyalty to the satisfac- tion of the commanding officer of the military station nearest their present place of residence, will receive from him certificates stating the fact of their loyalty, and the names of the witnesses by whom it can be shown. All who receive such certificate will be permitted to remove to any military station in this district, or to any part of the State of Kansas, except the counties on the eastern borders of the State. All others shall remove out of this district. Officers com- manding companies and detachments serving in the counties named, will see that this paragraph is promptly obeyed. Second. — All grain and hay in the field, or under shelter, in the district from which the inhabitants are required to remove within reach of military stations, after the 9th day of September next, will be taken to such stations and turned over to the proper officer there, and report of the amount so turned over made to district headquarters, specifying the names of all loyal owners and the amount of such produce taken from them. All grain and hay found in such district after the 9th day of September next, not convenient to such stations, will be destroyed. Third. — The provisions of General Order No. 10, from these headquarters, will at once be vigorously executed by officers com- manding in the parts of the district, and at the stations not subject to the operations of paragraph First of this Order — and especially m the towns of Independence- Westport and Kansas City. 52 HISTORY or MISSOURI. Fourth. — Paragraph 3, General Order No. 10, is revoked as to all who have borne arms against the Government in the district since August 20, 1863. By order of Brigadier-General Ewing : H. Hannahs, Adjutant. October 13. Battle of Marshall. January, 1864. General Rosecrans takes command of the Depart- ment. September, 1864. Battle at Pilot. Knob, Harrison and Little Mo- reau River. . October 5, 1864. farm. October 8, 1864. October 20, 1864. September 27, 1864. derson. October 27, 1864. Captain Bill Anderson killed. December — , 1864. General Rosecrans relieved Dodge appointed to succeed him. Nothing occurred specially, of a military charactei-, in the State after December, 1864. We have, in the main, given the facts as they occurred Avithout comment or entering into details. Many of tlie minor incidents and skirmishes of the war have been omitted because of our limited space. It is utterly impossible, at this date, to give the names and dates of all the battles fought in Missouri during the Civil War. It will be found, however, that the list given below, which has been arranged for d the storm Of mighty war with unwearied hand,. . Disdaining little delicacies, seized The plow and greatly independent lived." As an agricultural region, Missouri is not surpassed by any State in the Union. It is indeed the farmer's kingdom, where he always reaps an abundant harvest. The soil, in many portions of the State, has an open, flexible structure, quickly absorbs the most excessive rains, and retains moisture with great tenacity. This being the case, it is not so easily affected by drouth. The prairies are covered with sweet, luxuriant grass, equally good for grazing and hay ; grass not sur- passed by the Kentucky blue grass — the best of clover and timothy in g-rowins: and fattenino; cattle. This grass is now as full of life-giv- ing nutriment as it was when cropped by the buffalo, the elk, the an- telope, and the deer, and costs the herdsman nothing. 60 HISTORY or MISSOURI. No State or territory has a more complete and rapid system of nat- ural drainage, or a more abundant supply of pure, fresh water than Missouri. Both man and beast may slake their thirst from a thousand perennial fountains, which gush in limpid streams from the hill-sides, and wend their way through verdant valleys and along smiling prai- ries, varying in size, as they onward flow, from the diminutive brooklet to the giant river. Here, nature has generously bestowed her attractions of climate, soil and scenery to please and gratify man while earning his bread in the sweat of his brow. Being thus munificently endowed, Missouri offers superior inducements to the farmer, and bids him enter her broad domain and avail himself of her varied resources. We present here a table showing the product of each principal crop in Missouri for 1878 : — Indian Corn 93,062,000 bushels. Wheat 20,196,000 Eye 732,000 Oats 19,584,000 Buckwheat , 46,400 Potatoes 5,415,000 Tobacco 23,028,000 pounds. Hay 1,620,000 tons. There were 3,552,000 acres in corn; wheat, 1,836,000; rye» 48,800; oats, 640,000; buckwheat, 2,900; potatoes, 72,200; to- bacco, 29,900; hay, 850,000. Value of each crop: corn, $24,196,- 224; wheat, $13,531,320; rye, $300,120; oats, $3,325,120; buck- wheat, $24,128; potatoes, $2,057,700; tobacco, $1,151,150; hay» $10,416,600. Average cash value of crops per acre, $7.69 ; average yield of corn per acre, 26 bushels ; wheat, 11 bushels. Next in importance to the corn crop in value is live stock. The fol- lowing table shows the number of horses, mules, and milch cows in the diff"erent States for 1879 : — HISTORY or MISSOURI. 61 States. Maine New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts.... Ehodef Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware. Maryland "Virginia North Carolina... South Carolina... Georgia Florida , Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Texas Arkansas Tennessee West Virginia. Kentucky Ohio Michigan......... Indiana Illinois Wisconsin Minnesota , Iowa Missouri Kansas Nebraska California Oregon Nevada, Colorado, and Territories. Horses. Mules. 81,700 57,100 77,400 131,000 16,200 53,500 898,900 11,800 114,500 14,400 614,500 24,900 19,900 4,000 108,600 11,300 208,700 30,600 144,200 74,000 59, BOO 51,500 119,200 97,200 22,400 11,900 112,800 111,700 97,200 100,000 79,300 80,700 618,000 180,200 180,500 89,300 823,700 99,700 122,200 2,400 386,900 117,800 772,700 26,700 333,800 4,:i00 688,800 61,200 1,100,000 188,000 384,400 8,700 247,300 7,000 770,700 43,400 627,300 191,900 275,000 50,000 157,200 13,600 273,000 25,700 109,700 3,500 250,000 25,700 MUch Cows. 196,100 98,100 217,800 160,700 22,000 116,500 1,446,200 152,200 828,400 23,200 100,500 236,200 232,300 131,300 273,100 70,000 215,200 188,000 110,900 544,500 187,700 245,700 130,500 257,200 714.100 416,900 439,200 702,400 477,300 278,900 676,200 516,200 321,900 127,600 495,600 112,400 423,600 It will be seen from the above table, that Missouri is i\iQ fifth State ill the number of horses ; fifth in number of mil<:h cows, and the leading State in number of mules, having 11,700 more than Texas, which produces the next largest number. Ot' oxen and other cattle, Missouri produced in 1879, 1,632,000, which was more than any other State produced excepting Texas, which had 4,800,00. In 1879 Mis- souri raised 2,817,600 hogs, which was more than any other State produced, excepting Iowa. The number of sheep was 1,296,400. The number of hogs packed in 1879, by the different States, is as follows : — states. Ohio.... Indiana Illinois Iowa.... No. 932,878 622,321 3,214,896 569,763 States. Missotjri.. Wisconsin, Kentucky. No. 965,839 472,108 212,412 62 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. AVERAGE "WEIGHT PER HEAD FOR EACH STATE. States. Pounds. States. Pounds. Ohio 210.47 193.80 225.71 211.98 211 32 Indiana , Wisconsin .■. 220.81 Illinois 210 11 Iowa From the above it will be seen that Missouri annually packs more hogs than any other State excepting Illinois, and that she ranks third in the average weisfht. We see no reason why Missouri should not be the foremost s^ock- raising State of the Union. In addition to the enormous yield of corn and oats upon which the stock is largely dependent, the climate is well adapted to their growth and health. Water is not only inex- haustible, but everywhere convenient. The ranges of stock are boundless, affording for nine months of the year, excellent pasturage of nutritious wild grasses, which grow in great luxuriance upon the thousand prairies. Cotton is grown successfully in many counties of the southeastern portions of the State, especially in Stoddard, Scott, Pemiscot, Butler, New Madrid, Lawrence and Mississippi. Sweet potatoes are produced in abundance and are not only sure but profitable. Broom corn, sorghum, castor beans, white beans, peas, hops, thrive well, and all kinds of garden vegetables, are produced in great abun- dance and are found in the markets during all seasons of the year. Fruits of every variety, including the apple, pear, peach, cherries, apricots and nectarines, are cultivated with great success, as are also, the strawberry, gooseberry, currant, raspberry and blackberry. The grape has not been produced with that success that was at fii'st anticipated, yet the yield of wine for the year 1879, was nearly half a million gallons. Grapes do well in Kansas, and we see no reason why they should not be as surely and profitably grown in a similar climate and soil in Missouri, and particularly in many of the counties north and east of the Missouri Eiver. RAILROADS. Twenty-nine years ago, the neigh of the " iron horse " was heard for the first time, within the broad domain of Missouri. His comins: presaged the dawn of a brighter and grander era in the history of the HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 63 State. Her fertile prairies, and more prolific valleys would soon be of easy access to the oncoming tide of immigration, and the ores and minerals of her hills and mountains would be developed, and utilized in her manufacturing and industrial enterprises. Additional facilities would be opened to the marts of trade and commerce ; transportation from the interior of the State would be se- cured ; a fresh impetus would be given to the growth of her towns and cities, and new hopes and inspirations would be imparted to all her people. Since 1852, the initial period of railroad building in Missouri, be- tween four and five thousand miles of track have been laid ; addi- tional roads are now being constructed, and many others in contem- plation.' The State is already well supplied with railroads which thread her surface in all directions, bringing her remotest districts into close connection with St. Louis, that great center of western railroads and inland commerce. These roads have a capital stock ag- gregating more than one hundred millions of dollars, and a funded debt of about the same amount. The lines of roads which are operated in the State are the follow- ing:— Missouri Pacific — chartered May 10th, 1850; The St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Eailroad, which is a consolidation of the Arkan- sas Branch ; The Cairo, Arkansas & Texas Eailroad ; The Cairo & Fulton Railroad ; The Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway ; St. Louis & San Francisco Railway ; The Chicago, Alton & St. Louis Railroad ; The Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad ; The Missouri, Kan- sas & Texas Railroad ; The Kansas City, St. Joseph & Council Bluifs Railroad ; The Keokuk & Kansas City Railway Company ; The St. Louis, Salem & Little Rock Railroad Company; The Missouri & Western ; The St. Louis, Keokuk & Northwestern Railroad ; The St. Louis, Hannibal & Keokuk Railroad ; The Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska Railway ; The Qnincy, Missouri & Pacific Railroad ; The Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway; The Burlington & Southwestern Railroad. MANUFACTURES. The natural resources of Missouri especially fit her for a great man- ufacturing State. She is rich in soil; rich in all the elements which supply the furnace, the machine shop and the planing mill ; rich in the multitude and variety of her gigantic forests ; rich in her marble, stone and granite quarries ; rich in her mines of iron, coal, lead and 64 HISTORY OF MISSOURI. zinc ; rich in strong arms and willing hands to apply the force ; rich in water power and river navigation ; and rich in her numerous and well-built railroads, whose "numberless engines thunder along their multiplied track-ways. Missouri contains over fourteen thousand manufacturing establish- ments, 1,965 of which are using steam and give employment to 80,000 hands. The capital employed is about $100,000,000, the material annually used and worked up, amounts to over $150,000,- 000, and the value of the products put upon the markets $250,000,000, while the wages paid are more than $40,000,000. The leading manufacturing counties of the State, are St. Louis, Jackson, Buchanan, St. Charles, Marion, Franklin, Greene, Lafay- ette, Platte, Cape Girardeau, and Boone. Three-fourths, however, of the manufacturing is done in St. Louis, which is now about the second manufacturing city in the Union. Flouring mills produce annually about $38,194,000; carpentering $18,763,000 ; meat-packing $16,- 769,000 ; tobacco $12,496,000 ; iron and castings $12,000,000 ; liquors $11,245,000; clothing $10,022,000; lumber $8,652,000; bagging and bags $6,914,000, and many other smaller industries in propor- tion. GREAT BRIDGE AT ST. LOUIS. Of the many public improvements which do honor to the State and reflect great credit upon the genius of their projectors, we have space only, to mention the great bridge at St. Louis. This truly wonderful construction is built of tubular steel, total length of which, with its approaches, is 6,277 feet, at a cost of nearly $8,000,000. The bridge spans the Mississippi from the Illinois to the Missouri shore, and has separate railroad tracks, roadways, and foot paths. In durability, architectural beauty and practical utility, there is, perhaps, no similar piece of workmanship that approximates it. The structure of Darius upon the Bosphorus ; of Xerxes upon the Hellespont ; of Ceesar upon the Rhine ; and Trajan upon the Danube, famous in ancient history, were built for military purposes, that over them might pass invading armies with their munitions of war, to de- stroy commerce, to lay in waste the provinces, and to slaughter the people. But the erection of this was for a higher and nobler purpose. Over it are coming the trade and merchandise of the opulent East, and thence are passing the untold riches of the West. Over it are crowd- HISTORY OF MISSOURI. 65 ing legions of men, armed not with the weapons of war, but with the implements of peace and industry ; men who are skilled in all the arts of agriculture, of manufocture and of mining; men who will hasten the day when St. Louis shall rank in population and importance, sec- ond to no city on the continent, and when Missouri shall proudly fill the measure of greatness, to which she is naturally so justly entitled. CHAPTEE XL EDUCATION. Public School System — Public School System of Missouri — Lincoln Institute — Offi- cers of Public School System — Certificates of Teachers — Uuiversity of Missouri — Schools — Colleges — Institutions of Learning — Location — Libraries — Newspa- pers and Periodicals — No. of School Children — Amount expended — Value of Grounds and Buildings — " The Press." The first constitution of Missouri provided that "one school or more shall be established in each township, as soon as practicable and neces- sary, where the poor shall be taught gratis." It will be seen that even at that early day (1820) the framers of the constitution made provision for at least a primary education for the poorest and the humblest, taking it for granted that those who were able would avail themselves of educational advantaoes which were not gratuitous. The establishment of the public-school system, in its essential fea- tures, was not perfected until 1839, during the administration of Gov- ernor Boggs, and since that period the system has slowly grown into favor, not only in Missouri, but throughout the United States. The idea of a free or public school for all classes was not at first a popular one, especially among those who had the means to patronize private institutions of learning. Li upholding and maintaining public schools the opponents of the system felt that they were not only compromis- ing their own standing among their more wealthy neighbors, but that they were, to some extent, bringing opprobrium upon their children. Entertaining such prejudices, they naturally thought that the training received at public schools could not be otherwise than defective ; hence many years of probation passed before the popular mind was prepared 6g HISTORY or MISSOURI. to appreciate the benefits and blessings which spring from these insti- tutions. Every year only adds to their popularity, and commends them the more earnestly to the fostering care of our State and National Legis- latures, and to the esteem and favor of all classes of our people. We can hardly conceive of two grander or more potent promoters of civilization than the free school and free press. They would indeed seem to constitute all that was necessary to the attainment of the hap- piness and intellectual growth of the Eepublic, and all that was neces- sary to broaden, to liberalize and instruct. «« Tis education forms the common mind; ****** For noble youtla there is nothing so meet As learning is, to know the good from ill ; To know the tongues, and perfectly indite, - And of the laws to have a perfect skill. Things to reform as right and justice will; For honor is ordained for no cause But to see right maintained by the laws." All the States of the Union have in practical operation the public- school system, governed in the main by similar Uiavs, and not diifering materially in the manner and methods by which they are taught : but none have a wiser, a more liberal and comprehensive machinery of instruction than Missouri. Her school laws, since 1839, have under- CO ,=1 o 213 8,493 197 16,130 128 241 1,384 6 .37 94 164 138 238 464 792 50 819 607 11 841 7,238 2,254 1,832 96 1,750 233 2,808. 60 58 10,280 788 1,216 113 1,679 168 67 114 826 932 804 11 65 4,187 17 8,118 189 65,880 PER CENT OF INCREASE PROM 1870 TO 1880. Total population 30.06 percent. White population 28.82 " Colored population 34.78 " Chinese population 67.07 percent. Indian population (civilized or taxed) 156.02 " 122 STATISTICS. The inhabitants of Alaska and the Indian Territory (both unorgan- ized as yet) are not included in the above total. The census of Alaska in 1880 showed: White, 392; Creoles (issue of intermarriage between the whites and natives), 1,683; Aleuts, 1,960; Innuits, 17,488; Indians, 8,655; total, 30,178. The Indian Territory is estimated to contain 60,000 to 75,000 in- habitants. The Indians included in the census in each State and Territory are those reckoned as civilized, or outside of tribal organizations. Indians not taxed are by law excluded from the census. Estimates of their numbers vary widely — from 200,000 to 350,000 (the latter as esti- mated in the census of 1870). In the Chinese column (for want of space elsewhere) have been reckoned a very few Japanese, East Indians and Sandwich Islanders, not exceeding 250 in all. 1850 9,201 1855 18,374 1860 30,635 1865 35,085 MILES OF RAILROAD IN THE UNITED STATES. 1870 52,914 1875 74,374 1880 84,715 There were in the whole world, January 1, 1881, 192,952 miles of railway. TELEGRAPH LINES AND WIRES. In 1866, there were 37,380 miles of telegraph line in the United States, and 75,685 miles of wire; in 1870, 54,109 miles of line and 112,191 miles of wire; in 1875, 72,833 miles of line and 179,496 miles of wire; in 1880, 85,645 miles of line and 233,534 miles of wire. There were 29,216,509 telegraph messages sent in the year 1880. COTTON CROP OF THE UNITED STATES, TEARS ENDING SEPTEMBER 1. Year. Bales. Year. Bales. Year. Bales. 1841 1,634,945 1,683,574 2,368,375 2,030,409 2,394,503 2,100,537 1,778,651 2,347,634 2,728,596 2,096,706 2,355,257 3,015,029 3,262,822 1854 1855 2,.930,027 2,847,339 3,527,845 2,939,519 3,113,962 3,851,481 4,669,770 3,656,006 No rec'd. t( (( << 2,193,987 1867 2,019,774 1842 1868 2,593,993 1843 1856 : . 1857 1869 2,439,039 1844 1870 3,154,946 1845.. 1858 1871 4,352.317 1846 1859 1872 2,974,351 1847 1860 1861 1873 3,930,508 1848 1874 4,170,388 1849 1862 , 1875 . 1876 3,832,991 1850 1863.. 4,669,288 4,485,423 1851 1864 1877 1852 1865 1878 4,811,265 5,073,531 1858 1866 1879 STATISTICS. The crop for 1880 is given by States, as follows : — states. Mississippi ■Georgia Texas Alabama Arkansas South Carolina. Jjouisiana Bales. 955,808 813,965 801,090 699,576 606,980 522,548 506,764 States. 123 North Carolina.., Tennessee Florida Missouri Indian Territory Virginia Kentucky Bales. 389,516 380,624 54,997 19,783 17,000 11,000 1,367 AREA 0¥ THE COAL FIELDS O'B' THE UNITED STATES, AND ANNUAL PRODUCTION. STATES AND TERRITORIES. / Anthracite.., \ Bituminous , Pennsylvania Ohio Illinois Maryland, Bituminous West Virginia Iowa Indiana Missouri Kentucky Tennessee California Colorado Kansas Oregon Alabama Washington Wyoming ,. Virginia Michigan Nebraska Utah Rhode Island Arkansas Texas Georgia Total. 472 12,802 10,000 36,800 550 16,000 18,000 6,450 26,887 12,871 5,100 22,256 5,330 185 6,700 3,000 509 12,000 20,000 15,664,275 7,798,518 2,527,285 2,624,163 1,819,824 608,873 263,487 436,870 621,930 150,582 133,418 4,500 32,938 11,000 17,844 50,000 61,803 28,150 1,425 5,800 14,000 32,863,690 m « 05 26,142,689 14,500,000 5,000,000 3,500,000 1,730,709 1,250,000 1,600,000 1,000,000 900,000 1,000,000 450,000 600,000 400,000 400,000 200,000 250,000 170,000 175,000 90,000 35,000 75,000 225,000 15,900 100,000 59,808,398 124 STATISTICS. PRESIDENTIAL TOTE EROM 1789 TO 1880. ±i 1789 1796 Candidates. Party. Popular Vote. Electoral Vote. Electoral Vote ISSe.f States. No. 1800 1804 1808 1812 1816 1820 1824 1828 1832 18361 1840 1844| 1848 1852 1856 1860 I 1864 1868 1872 1876 George Washington. John Adams Thomas Jeiferson... r *Thomas Jeiferson. . } Aaron Burr (John Adams (Thomas Jefferson... I C C. Fincliney James Madison ( C. C. Pinckney ( James Madison \ DeWitt Clinton \ James Monroe j Rufus King ■( James Monroe {*John Quincy Adams., Andrew Jackson , W. H. Crawford Henry (.Hay (Andrew Jackson ( John Q. Adams {Andrew Jackson Henry Clay John Floyd William Wirt ( Martin Van Buren ( VVm. H. Harrison et al \ Wm. H. Harrison ( Martin Van Buren ( James K. Polk , I Henry Clay ' ( Zachary Taylor \ Lewis Cass ( Martin Van Buren ( Franklin Pierce i Winfleld Scott et al i James Buchanan John C. Fremont Abraham Lincoln J. C. Breckenridge et al.. I Abraham Lincoln I George B. McClellan \ Ulysses S. Grant / Horatio Seymour j Ulysses S.Grant ( Horace Greeley (R. B. Hayes J Samuel J. Tilden ( Peter Cooper et al... ( James A. Garfield 5 W. S. Hancock ( James B. Weaver Federal. Democrat. Democrat. Democrat. Federal. Democrat. Federal. Democrat. Federal. Democrat. Federal. Democrat. Federal. Democrat. Federal. Democrat. Democrat. Whig. Democrat. Federal. Democrat. Whig. Whig. Anti-Mason, Democrat. Whig. Whig. Democrat. Democrat. Whig. Whig. Democrat. Democrat. Democrat. Whig. Democrat. Republican. Republican. Democrat. Republican. Democrat. Republican. Democrat. Republican. Democrat. Republican, Democrat. Greenback. Republican, Democrat. Greenback. 1 Elect'l vote inopposi'n. 105,321 155,872 4-1,282 46,587 646,231 509,092 687,502 530,189 761,549 736,656 1,275,011 1,135,761 1,337,243 1,301,382 1,360,099 1,220,554 29] ,26 1,601,474 1,542,403 1,838,160 1,215,768 1,866,352 2,810,.501 2,216,067 1,808,725 3,015,071 2,709,613 3,597,070 2,834,079 4,033,950 4,284,855 93,898 4,442,950 4,442,035 306,867 All. 71 60 73 73 65 148 28 122 47 128 89 180 34 Alabama . Arkansas California . . . Colorado Connecticut. Delaware. .. . Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana , Iowa Kansas 84 Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts. Michigan , Minnesota Mississippi 178 1 Missouri 83 239 49 11 7 179 131 234 Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jei-sey New York North Carolina.. Ohio Oregon 60|Pennsylvania. .. . 170lRhode Island.... lOSSSouth Carolina.. 163 Tennessee.- 127 Texas ...[Vermont 254 1 Virginia 42 1 West Virginia... 174 122 130 123 213 21 214 80 300 66 185 184 Wisconsin . 214 155 Total. 3 4 11 21 15 11 5 12 8 13 11 5 8 15 3 3 5 9 35 10 22 3 29 4 r 12 8 5 11 5 10 369 •Elected by House of Representatives. t Election November 2, 1880. Washington, February 22, 1732. J. Adams, October 30, 1735. Jefferson, April 2, 1742. Madison, March 16, 1751. Monroe, April 28, 1758. J. Q. Adams, June 11, 1767. Jackson, March 15, 1767. PRESIDENTS BORN. Van Buren, December 5, 1782. Harrison, February 9, 1773. Tylar, March 29, 1790. Polk, November 2, 1795. Taylor, November 24, 1784. Fillmore, January 7, 1800. Pierce, November 23, 1804. Buchanan, April 23, 1791. Lincoln, February 12, 1809. Johnson, December 29, 1808. Grant, April 29, 1822. Hayes, October 4, 1822. Garfield, November 19, 1831. Chester A. Arthur, Oct. 5, 1830- COL. WILLIAM F. SWITZLEE. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY, MISSOURI. By Col. Wm. T. Switzler, author of the "The History of Missouri." CHAPTER I. Introduction — Boone originally a part of Howard — Boundaries of Howard as first Defined in 1816 — An empire — Boone now larger than some of the States of Europe — Its History rich in Incident and Interest — The Boone's Lick Country — Early Stockade Forts — First White Settlement in Boone at "Thrall's Prairie " — "The old St. Charles Trail" — Progress of Settlement — Names of the First Set- tlers — First Churches — The First Newspaper and First Steamboat at Franklin — Public Dinner, Speeches and Toasts — The Second Steamboat, and a Description of it — Prices of Provisions — Mail Facilities — Immigration — Smithton and Co- lumbia — July 4 1819, celebrated in Smithton — Proceedings and Toasts. INTRODUCTION. At first view, and without thought or examination, it may be af- firmed by some that Boone county has no history which is worthy of the name, or at least which assumes such^roportions and importance as to merit publication in an enduring form. It is not improbable that a hasty judgment would conclude that at best this history con- sists of few events of special interest, and that none of them have influenced the policy, development or destiny of the State. Closer and more thorough examination, however, will disclose the fact that Boone county has nobly and courageously borne its part in advancing the progress, civilization and culture of our time, and the common prosperity and glory of the commonwealth of Missouri. Originally its territory constituted a part of the county of Howard, which, as organized in 1816, was an empire in superficial area. The act of the General Assembly, approved January 13, 1816 (see Terri- (125) 126 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. toi'ial Laws, p. 460), organizing Howard county out of the territories^ of St. Louis and St. Charles, fixed its boundaries substantially as follows : Beginning at the mouth of the Osage river, which is about ten miles below the present Cty of Jefferson and opposite the village of Barkersville in Callaway county, the boundary pursued the cir- cuitous course of said stream " to the Osage boundary line," meaning thereby the eastern boundary of the Osage Indian territory, or to the northeast corner of Vernon county, where the Osage river, two miles east of the present town of Schell C ity, runs near said corner j thence north (along the western line of St. Clair, Henry, Johnson,, and Lafayette), to the Missouri river, striking that stream west of and very near Napoleon ; thence up said river to the mouth of the Kansas river, (now Kansas City,) " thence with the Indian boundary line, (as described in a proclamation of the Governor [Wm. Clark] issued the ninth day of March, 1815,) northwardly along the eastern bound- ary of the " Platte Purchase" one hundred and forty miles, or to a point about 36 miles north and within the present county of Adams, Iowa, near the town of Corning in said county, on the Burlington and Missouri Kiver railroad, " thence eastward with the said line to the main dividing ridge of high ground, to the main fork of the river Cedar [which is the line between Boone and Callaway counties in Missouri] , thence down said river to the Missouri, thence down the river Missouri and in the middle of the main channel thereof, to the mouth of the great Osage river, the place of beginning." Although these boundaries cannot be definitely traced on the map, it is nevertheless clearly seen that Howard county, as originally organ- ized in 1816,^ more than five years before the State was admitted into the Union, embraced not only the present territory of the county of Boone, but in addition a vast area north and south of the Missouri river, and including the present counties of Cole, north part of Miller, Morgan, north parts of Benton and St. Plair, Henry, Johnson, Lafay- ette, Pettis, Cooper, Moniteau, Saline, Clay, Clinton, DeKalb, Gen- try, Worth, Harrison, Daviess, Caldwell, Ray, Carroll, Livingston, Grundy, Mercer, Putnam, Sullivan, Linn, Chariton, Randolph, Macon, Adair, and probably parts of Shelby, Monroe and Audrain. And in addition the following counties in Iowa : parts of Taylor and ^ The county was reduced to its present limits by an act of the Legislature approved February 16, 1825. See Revised Statutes, 1825. Vol. I, page 233. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 127 Adams ; Union, Ringgold, Clarke, Decatur and Wayne, and probably parts of Lucas, Monroe and Appanoose. A vast empire to constitute a single county, embracing at least five of the present counties of Iowa and probably parts of as many more, and in addition more than thirty of the present counties of Missouri, eight, and parts of three others south of the river, and twenty-three and parts of several others north of it, this large expanse of territory, covering about fourteen million acres of land and presenting a super- ficial area of 21,875 square miles. An area larger than ancient Greece, and as large as Saxony and Switzerland combined, and larger than the States of Vermont, Massachusetts, Delaware and Rhode Island. in one respect, therefore, it might truthfully be said that as the present territory of Boone for five years and more constituted a part of this extensive empire, its history is properly the history of Boone county, and that this volume should embrace the entire county of Howard for that period. But such is not the scope and character of the history which fol- lows, the simple object being to record in chronological order the more important events which transpired within the present limits of Boone county from the earliest white settlement in 1815 to the pres- ent time, a period of sixty-seven years. In superficial area — 674 square miles or 431,000 acres — Boone county is larger than some of the states of Europe and the islands of the ocean, which stricken from the roll of empire or blotted from the annals of nations would so mar the history of the eastern hem- isphere as to leave it measurably without a history. It is also about half as large as one of the States of the American Union, and one-third the area of several others ; and in the sphere in which it has moved, and to the extent of its opportunities and capacity, and the comparatively short period which has elapsed since its first settlement, will favorably compare in its achievements and prowess with some geographical divisions of our own and foreign lands, larger even in size and much older in years, whose history is canonized in poetry and song. Located in the central part of the State, and settled nearly seventy years ago by a hardy and progressive race of pioneers, who then laid the foundations of its present prosperity, wealth and culture, it will be found that its history is an inexhaustible store-house of *' moving incidents by flood and field," of events grave and gay, of steady ad- 128 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. vancement in agriculture, education and a Christian civilization, and in all the arts of peace. What is here claimed for it receives ample verification in its improved farms and farm machifnerj, its farm-houses and barns, its churches and schools, its newspapers and periodicals, its improved stock and thor- oughfares, the prowess of its soldiers in war and the eloquence and achievements of its statesmen and orators in council, the culture and beauty of its women, the qualifications and success of its scholars and teachers, the earnestness and ability of its clergymen, the learning and character of its lawyers, the genius of its authors, poets and novel- ists, and the general thrift, hospitality, and public spirit of its people. In a word : No county in the State, St. Louis city and county ex- cepted, has contributed more vitality to the agencies which are solving for the State the problems of prosperity, wealth, and culture, or in a larger measure influenced the councils or shajDed the policy of the com- monwealth, than "Old Boone." Such a count}^ and such a people have a history, and one which, if faithfully and accurately written, will disclose a wealth of incident, adventure and interest not excelled by any in the Great West. The county comprises a part of that large area of inland territory which, in the earlier times, received the name of " The Boone's Lick Country," and which embraced " the nine upper counties on the Mis- souri River, Clay, Ray, Chariton, Howard, Boone, Cole, Cooper, Sa- line, and Lillard,"^ the name of the latter being changed to La- fayette, February 16, 1825, a circumstance which was no doubt in- spired by Lafayette's visit to St. Louis during that year. Howard County was the largest, most populous, and at that period the most important of the counties belonging to " The Boone's Lick Country," and contained a small salt spring in Cooper's Bottom, now in Boone's Lick Township, in that county, and nearly opposite Arrow Rock, from which the name was derived.^ It is quite a prevalent error that Boon's Lick, or the salt spring above mentioned, was first occupied and utilized as a manufactory of salt by Daniel Boone, the old Kentucky pioneer. There is no evidence known to us that Daniel Boone ever owned or operated or saw the spring, or ever was in Howard County. Two of his sons, however, — 1 See Franklin (Mo.) Intelligencer of November 26, 1822. » See Franklin (Mo.) Intelligencer of January 7, 1823. The spring or " lick " is about two miles northeast of the ferry landing opposite Arrow Rock, and is on land now (1882) owned by Wm. N. Marshall. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 129 Nathan and Daniel M. Boone, — during the summer of 1807, and in company with three other men, left the Femme Osage Creek settle- ment, in St. Charles County, where the elder Boone then lived, and came up to Howard County with a few kettles to manufacture salt at this spring, and, because of this fact, it was called " Boone's Lick." Up to the close of the last war with Great Britain, which is known in popular parlance and denominated in the laws of Congress as "the War of 1812," nearly if not all the inhabitants of Howard county were confined to three small stockade forts — Cooper's, Hempstead's and Kincaid's^ — and therefore the present territory of Boone was substantially without population, unless the hostile tribes of Indians — Sacs and Foxes, Kickapoos and Pottawatamies — which abounded in this part of the then territor}^ are accounted as such. It is true, that as early as 1812—13, before the tide of flagrant war reached the interior of the territory, a few of the small hive of emigrant Kentuckiaus that settled in Cooper's bottom ventured to the rich lands on the east side of the Moniteau, at "Thrall's Prairie," as it was afterwards called ; and no doubt they were inspired to make the venture by the protection afforded hy Head's Fort, a small stock- ade defence named in honor of Capt. William Head. It was situated in a curve of the Moniteau, and on the east side of it in Howard county, about two miles north of Rocheport, a mile and a half south of where the old St. Charles road crossed the Moniteau, and about a half mile west of the Boone line and the same distance east of the creek. It was located at a spriuo- of never-failing water, which is on land now owned by Mr. John L. Jones. FIRST WHITE SETTLEMENT IN BOONE. The history of Boone County, not unlike the history of the largest empires on the globe, may be said to be funnel-shaped. Starting from 1 Cooper's Fort was two miles southwest of Boone's Lick; Kincaid's, nine miles south .vest of Cooper's and about one mile north of the present railroad bridge at Boonsville; and Fort Hempstead, about one and a half miles north of Kincaid's. All were built in 1812. (Campbell's Gazetteer, p. 246.) The spot on which Cooper's Fort was located is now (1882) about one and a half miles from the ferry landing opposite Arrow Eock, and the land is owned by John A. Fisher. Capt. Sarshell Cooper, after whom the fort was named, was killed in it on the night of April 14, 1814, by Indians, and buried near by, the precise place of interment being now unknown, and in a corn or wheat field. Mr. Eusebius Hubbard, who now (1882) resides on the two-mile prairie, ten miles southeast of Columbia, and who came to Howard county from Madison county, Ky., in 1810, aided in building Fort Hempstead. 130 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. a single point of time (1815) and from a single locality (Thrall's Prairie), its contour diverges and widens as the years roll on until it embraces the population, growth and achievements of nearly three- quarters of a century. In the beginning a paragraph, a line, a word would record all it had of history. After the elapse of seventy years, so rapid has })een the succession and so countless the number of its events, so transform- ing the forces of its being, and so progressive and civilizing the nature of its achievements in art, in education, in religion, and in all the varied industries which characterize the civilization of our age, that an octavo volume is too small to perpetuate its annals. The first settlement, or, more properly the first cabin erected and patch of corn planted, were the work in 1812-13, of John and Wil- liam Berry, Wm. Baxter and Reuben Gentry, in the neighborhood, if not on a part, of what is now known as " the Model Farm," formerly constituting the large and rich estate of the late Hon. John W. Har- ris, and in earlier times called "Thrall's Prairie."^ In the same neighborhood, soon after, settled James Barnes, Robert and Mitchel Payne, John Denham, David McQuitty and Robert Barclay, with their families. Little progress, however, was made in the settlement of the country, now embraced by the boundary lines of Boone County, until after the subsidence of the war with Great Britain, and until after the treaty of 1815 by which the Indians relinquished all claim to any portion of the territory north of the Missouri River. In fact, it may be aflirraed as substantially true that, anterior to this time, there was not a white settlement worthy of the name within the present limits of the county. Speedily succeeding the declaration of peace and the ratification of this treaty of relinquishment of Indian title the tide of immigration set in as a flood, and Robert Hiukson (not Hinckston), after whom the creek on which Columbia is located was called ; William Callaham, for whom " Callaham's Fork," of the Perche, is named; Wm. Graham, Reuben and Henry Cave, and perhaps some others, all from Madison County, Ky., settled along the old Boone's Lick trail, or old St. Charles Road, leading from St. Louis to Franklin — a " trail" which was first traversed in 1808-10 by Lieutenant-Colonel Ben. Cooper, and other 1 "Thrall's Prairie," or "the Model Farm," is twelve miles northwest of Colum- bia and four north of Rocheport, and is now in part the property of Warren A. Smith. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 131 immigrants of that name, while en route from Madison County, Ky., via St. Charles County and Loutre Ishiud settlement to the neighbor- hood of " Booue's Lick," in Howard County. In 1869-70, Mr. E. W. Stephens, as assistant editor of the Columbia Statesman, of which paper Col. W. F. Switzler was editor and pro- prietor, prepared for and published in that journal, a series of inter- esting historical sketches of Boone County, in which it is claimed that " Callaham, Graham and Hinkson stopped along the Boone's Lick trail and erected cabins, as taverns, for the accommodation of movers and travellers ;" that Callaham "was a noted hunter and Indian fighter, and can be justly designated as the first white man who ever settled in Boone County. Nearly the same time, however, John Graham built a cabin near the present site of Rocky Fork church (seven miles north- west of Columbia), and he was followed by Robert Hinkson, who lived near the source of the stream that bears his name," The j^ears 1816, 1817 and 1818 — the latter the year of the first land sales at Franklin, — witnessed a great influx of population into the " Boone's Lick country," and into the territory noAV composing the county of Boone. In 1816, Augustus Thrall and others settled in what was soon there- after known as "Thrall's Prairie." The Stephens - >iS'to^esm«?i sketches say that "in 1816 settlement in Boone County began in earnest. In the spring of that year a number of the inhabitants of Head's Fort, located near Rocheport, settled on what was afterwards known as Thrall's Prairie, situated four miles north of the present site of Rocheport. They settled upon " Madrid locatious." "Madrid locations " were tracts of land which were granted by the government to settlers who had suffered losses by the earthquakes in the county of New Madrid, in the years 1811 and 1812. Most of the land of that section was entered by Taylor Berry, of Franklin." ^ "This settlement was made by Anderson Woods, in company with the following persons : Robert Barclay, John Barnes, William Pipes, Absalom Hicks, John Stephenson, Jefferson Fulcher, a family of Bar- tons, Jesse Richardson and several others. ^ Mr. Berry was a gentlemen of wealth and a large land speculator. On August 31, 1824, he fought a duel on Wolf Island, in the Mississippi River, with Judge Abiel Leonard, formerly of Fayette, at ten pacep, with pistols. Berry fell at the first fire, mortally wounded, but lingered until September 22, same year, and died at New Madrid. During the war of 1812 he served in the Pay Department of the Northwestern army, at Detroit. 132 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. "The settlement grew with great rapidity, and soon comprised some among the best citizens of that time — men who have left their impress upon the history and development of our county. Among them we note the following : Augustus Thrall, Oliver Parker, Anderson Woods, first Judge of the County Court, Dr. J. B. Wilcox, Clayton Heme, Tyre Harris, Overton Harris, Sampson, William and Stephen Wilhite, Henry Lighlfoot, James Ketchnm, William Boone, William Goslin, John Slack, Wilford Stephens, Jonathan Barton, James Cochran, Reuben Hatton, Charles Laughlin, and a number whose names we have not space to give. "In 1819, Oliver Parker had a store there and kept a post-office, which was for some time known as ' Lexington.' " In the spring of 1817, the next settlement was begnn, in Perche Bottom, in the southwestern portion of the county, l)y John Hickam, Anthony Head, Peter and Robert Austin, John McMickel, Jacob Mag- D-ard, Silas Rioo-s and Abraham N. Folev. " In 1817, immigration to the county was very large, and in every section large settlements sprung up with amazing rapidity, and steadily increased during the years 1818, 1819 and 1820. It is, of course, impossible to ascertain with exactitude the date of the immi- gration or primitive abodes of these early settlers, but it is due to those hardy and worthy pioneers, who first reclaimed our county from a wilderness, that their names should be preserved as far as possible, in a permanent history of our county. '• On Southern Two-mile Prairie were Overton Harris, Peter Bass, Peter Ellis, Tyre Martin, Lawrence Bass, Mason Moss, D. M. Hick- man, Wilson Hunt, John Broughton, Benjamin White, David Doyle, Samuel Crockett, Philip and Benjamin Barns, Daniel Vincent, Lewis Woolfolk, William Shields, Wm. Simms, Noah Sapp, Ed. Bass, Abraham Barns, John Jamison, Robert and Cyrus Jones, Richard Lawrence, Durrett Hubbard, Francis Lipscomb, J. P. Lynes, John Yates, Ambrose C. Estes, Stephen Chapman, Richard and James Barns, Elias Simms, Mosias Jones, John M. Smith, Michael Hersh, Daniel Hubbard, James Harris. On the Two-mile Prairie north of the St. Charles road, were Samuel, Elijnh and Sampson Wright, Elias Newman, Isaac Geyhert, Charles Helm, James Chandler, Wm. Ed- wards, Elijah Stephens, Thomas Peyton Stephens, Samuel Riggs, Absalom Renfro, Nicholas McCnbbin, Wm. Wright, Wm. Timber- lake, James and Hugh Crockett, Benjamin Estill, Rev. Mr. Kirk- patrick (a Methodist preacher), Asa Stone, Thomas D. Grant, Roger HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 133 N. Todd, Levi McGuire, Lazarus Wilcox, Thomas C. Maupin, Nicholas S. Kavanaugh, John Read ai)d James Barns. v^^In the vicinity of Claysville lived William Ramsay, Jesse Byrant, Mark Cunningham. From the neighborhood of Rocheport to Thrall's Prairie were lo- cated John Grey, Gaven Head, Joseph Head, Johu Berry, David and Andrew McQuitty, Samuel Beattie, Robert Daly, John Gopher, Sol- omon and Zachariah Barnett, Wm. Baxter, James Boggs, David and James Pipes, John Copeland, David Kincaid, Wm. Lientz, John G. Philips, Michael Woods, J. R. Abernathy, Robert D. Walkup, and Tyre Harris. East and southeast of Rocheport, more generally known as " Ter- rapin Neck," lived Granville Bledsoe, Daniel Lewis, James Lewis, Wm. Lewis, Pattison Y. Russell, Jesse Lewis, Wm. Burch, John Graves, Ichabod C. Hensley, Thomas Williams, and Richard Fulk- erson. In the vicinity of the present site of Midway, lived John Hen- derson, Jonathan Freeman, Benjamin Mothershead, (^harles Laugh- lin, W. T. Hatton, Geo. Crump, Wm. and James Y. Jones, John Qo-an . A few miles north of Columbia, resided Caleb Fenton, Riley Slocum, Hiram Phillips, David C. Westerfield, Jacob Hoover, John Slack, John T. Evans, Zachariah Jackson, John Harrison. Still far- ther north, near where now stands Red Top meeting-house, were James Hicks, Wm. L. Wayne, and Zaddock Riggs. Northeast of Columbia, seven or eight miles, dwelt Robert Hinkson, Bibb, Thomas and John Kennon, Dennis Callaham, James W. Fowler, Samuel Johnson, Robert Houston, and Joseph Persinger. "On Perche Creek, in the northwestern section of the county, where the old road, or ' Boone's Lick Trace,' crossed the Perche, there stood the old town of Perche, lono; since obliterated. Some of its inhabi- tants were George and Isham Sexton, James C. Babbitt, James Ryan, Adam E. Rowland, Peter Stivers, Nicholas Gentry, and Enoch Taylor. " Near where Rockyfork meeting-house now stands lived John Gra- ham, AquiUa and Amos Barnes. Where Hallsville now stands lived John Roberts and other families of the same name, Peter and Joseph Fountain, Andrew J. Hendrick, and John and Joshua Davis, and Smith Turner. Near where Rockbridge Mills now are were Thomas S. Tuttle, the 134 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. original settler of that place; Peter Creason, Nathan Glasgow, Elias Elston, and John H. Lynch. Within the neighborhood of Providence lived first Ira P. Nash, for whom Nashville was named ; then John and Robert Peters and Gilpin S. Tuttle. A few miles northwest of Columbia were John Witt, James Turley, James Mayo, and a family of Barnetts. Around the present site of Columbia were Richard Gentry, Lewis Collins, John Vanhorn, J. M. Kelly, Peter Wright, Dr. D P. Wilcox, Samuel Wheeler, A. B. Lane, Thomas Dooley, James Lipscomb, David Jackson, Henry, Ricliard ajid Reuben .Cave, David Todd, Warren Woodson, Thos. W^. Conyers, Charles Burns, Wallace Estill, Minor Neal, William Ridgeway, Peter Kerney, Kemp M. Goodloe, sJohn Cave, Daniel King, James Laughlin, Elijah and Abraham N. Foley, John J. Foster, Adam C. Reyburn, and Willis Boyse. " The first church organized in the Boone's Lick country was Mount PJeasant, in 1815, seven miles north of old Franklin. " The first church organized in Boone County was called ' Bethel,' and was situated in a northwestern section of the county, eight miles north of Rocheport. It was organized June 28, 1817 ; the persons forming it were Anderson Woods, Betsey Woods, David McQuitty, John Turner, and James Harris. William Thorp was its first pastor. The next church formed was Little Bonne Femme, in December, 1819, by David Doyle, Anderson Woods, Elizabeth Woods', James Harris, Polly Harris, Mourning Harris, Elizabeth Kennon, John Maupin, Elias Elston, Matthew Haley, Jane Tuttle, Lazarus Wilcox, Lucy Wil- cox, James Wiseman, Thomas S. Tuttle, and Nancy Tuttle. David Doyle was the first pastor, and continued in that position for ten years, when he becilme pastor of Salem Church, and so continued for thirty years, thus spending^ forty years in the ministry in our county, for which, it is said, he never received a dime of remuneration." TWO IMPORTANT EVENTS : THE FIRST NEWSPAPER AND THE FIRST STEAMBOAT AT FRANKLIN. Although Franklin is not, and never was, in Boone county, there were two events which occurred there, the first in -April and the second in May, 1819, of sufE.cient importance in the history of "the Boone's Lick Country," of which this county was a part, to justify in this place more than a passing notice. Both of these events had an important bearing upon the development and destiny of interior Mis- HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 135 souri, and of the whole State ; and a detailed account of them in an enduring form is justified by their prominence and significance. THE FIRST NEWSPAPER. On the 23d of April, 1819, Nathaniel Patten and Benjamin Holliday commenced the publication of the Missouri Intelligencer in Franklin, then a flourishing town on the Missouri river and opposite! Boonville. The size of the sheet was 18 by 24 inches, and it was printed on what is known among printers as the Ramage press, a wooden contrivance with cast-iron bed, joints and platen, and which at this day is a great curiosity. About twenty-five years ago Col. Wm. F. Switzler pre- sented this press to the Mercantile Library Association of St. Louis, the Missouri Historical Society then not being in existence, where it can be seen. Recently we came in possession of full and complete files, substan- tially bound, of the Missouri Intelligencer from its initial number, April 23, 1819, to its last issue (in Columbia), December 5, 1835, embracing a period of over sixteen years, to which we are indebted for much valuable historical matter relating to this county, and which will be found in its proper place in this book. Many changes occurred in the publishers or owners of the Intelli- gencer, the details of which we have taken the trouble to collect from its files, and to record as follows : — April 23, 1819, to June 10, 1820, Nathaniel Patten and Benjamin Holliday, publishers. (Mrs. E. W. McClannahan, near Columbia, is a daughter of Mr. Holliday.^) June 10, 1820, Mr. Patten retired as publisher, leaving Mr. Holli- day in charge, or owner, who continued till July 23, 1821, when John Payne, a lawyer, became editor. He was a native of Culpepper county, Ya., and died in Franklin, September 15, 1821, aged 24 years . September 4, 1821, Mr. Payne retired and Holliday again assumed control . August 5, 1822, to April 17, 1824, Nathaniel Patten and John T. Cleaveland are publishers. Mr. Cleaveland died some years ago at an advanced age in Austin, Texas. April 17, 1824, Mr. Cleaveland retired, leaving Mr. Patten as sole 1 Mr. Holliday was boru in Spottsylvania C. H., Va., June 8, 1786; came to Frank- lin, Mo., in February, 1819, and died near Boonsboro, Howard County, Mo., April 1, 1859. 136 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. publisher, which position he continued to hold until the sale of the paper by him to Mr. Fred. A. Hamilton, December 12, 1835. Last issue of the Intelligencer in Franklin, June 16, 1826. First issue of the Intelligencer in Fayette, June 29, 1826. July 5, 1827, John Wilson, then a young lawyer in Fayette, is announced as editor, which position he held till July 25, 1828. Mr. Wilson died in San Francisco, Cal., February 2, 1877, aged 87 years. In August, 1827, James H. Birch commenced the publication in Fayette of the Western Monitor. April 9, 1830, last issue of the Intelligencer in Fayette. May 4, 1830, first issue of the Intelligencer in Columbia. December 5, 1835, last issue of the Intelligencer in Columbia. ■ December 12, 1835, first issue of the Patriot in Columbia. December 23, 1842, last issue of the Patriot, and January 6, 1843, first issue of its successor, the Statesman, which has been regularly continued to this day under the same management. August 1, 1881, after twelve years' experience as business manager, Irwin Switzler, eldest son of W\ F. Switzler, became proprietor of the Statesman, the latter continuing as editor-in-chief, Near the close of the year 1835 it became known that Mr. Patten, owing to failing health, intended to dispose of the Intelligencer office, and as the Presidential and State elections of the following year were approaching, the possession of the paper became an object of interest to some of the politicians and people. Whig and Democratic, about Columbia. Both parties wanted it ; and the Democrats, under the leadership of Austin A. King, then a lawyer resident here and in 1848 elected Governor of the State, Dr. Wm. H. Duncan, still an honored citizen of Columbia, Dr. Alexander M. Robinson and others made some efforts to secure the ofiice. While negotiations to this end were pending, Eobert S. Barr,- Oliver Parker, W^ni. Cornelius, Warren Woodson, Moses U. Payne, A. W. Turner, Joseph B. Howard, John B. Gordon, Sinclair Kirtley, David and Eoger N. Todd, Dr. Wm. Jewell, James S. Rollins, Thomas Miller and perhaps other Whigs, entered into a written agreement to raise the money to purchase the press and materials, and they did it with the understanding that Frederick A. Hamilton, a practical printer, should take charge of the publication, and Rollins and Miller, then two young lawyers of Columbia, the editorial conduct of the paper, the name of which, December 12, 1835, was changed to Patriot. Hamilton was was announced as publisher, and Rollins and Miller as editors. Maj. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 137 Eollins selected from Shakspeare the motto of the Patriot, " Be just and fear not ; let all th^ ends thou aimest at be thy country's,' ' which it bore until it was supplanted by the Statesman in 1843, and which has ever since floated at the masthead of the Statesman. Of the parties named in this connection all are dead except Duncan, Rollins and Payne. Rollins and Miller finally became owners of the office and continued to edit the paper until the close of the Presidential election of 1840, when Rollins sold his interest to Wm. T. B. Sanford, a printer, and retired, leaving Col. Miller sole editor. In July, 1841, the present editor of the Statesman became editor of the Patriot, Col. Thomas Miller having retired, but still retaining a half ownership, with the hope of recuperating his health b}'- a trip across the plains to Santa Fe. Dying en route of pulmonary con- sumption, September 15, 1841, at " Round Mound," two hundred miles this side of his destination, where he was interred on the tree- less plain, aged 31 years, more than three months elapsed before news of his death reached Columbia. February 19, 1842, Wm. T. B. Sanford, surviving partner of the firm of Miller & Sanford, sold Col. Miller's interest to John B. and Younger J. Williams, the new pro- prietors, Sanford, Williams & Co., assuming control March 1, 1842. On the 19th of August, 1842, Dr. A. J. McKelway (now a citizen of Marion county) purchased Mr. Sanford's interest, became editor — Wm. F. Switzler retiring, — and in conjunction with the Williams brothers, published the Patriot till December 16, 1842, when Wm. F. Switzler purchased McKelvvay's half interest and he retired. At the same time John B. Williams sold his interest to his brother. Younger J., who, as an equal partner with Wm. F. Switzler, on January 1, 1843, changed the name of the paper to Missouri Statesman, under which name, with Wm. F. Switzler as editor, it has ever since been issued, now nearly forty years. Mr. Sanford, some years afterward, went to Los Angelos, California, and just before the war was lost on the Sacramento River in a burnino- steamboat. Younger J. Williams died February 19, 1843, and his interest was resold to his brother John B., who, in January, 1845, sold out to Wm. F. Switzler, who then became sole editor and proprietor. John B. Williams died in Fulton, Mo., April 6, 1882, aged sixty years, as editor and proprietor of the Telegraph. 138 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. Mr. Patten was a very reputable citizen, small in stature, and quite deaf. He and his wife set the type for his paper and edited it, she therefore being the first female compositor west of the Mississippi River. 1 The Patriot was hrst published in a little hewed log house on the northeast corner of the lot on which Mr. B. Loeb now lives, and afterwards in a small frame (destroyed by fire Oct., 1874), which then stood on Broadway, near the old brick public school building. Several of the printers' stands, made of walnut lumber, which were used ill the Intelligencer o^ae in 1819, and in the otfices of all its suc- cessors, are now in daily use in the office of the Statesman. Nathaniel Patten, Jr., a son of the proprietor of the old Intelli- gencer, now resides at Sonth Fork, Rio Grande County, Colorado, and from him we have recently received bound files in good order of that paper from April 23, 1819, to December 5, 1835, a period of more than sixteen years. ARRIVAL OF THE FIRST STEAMBOAT. The second notable event in 1819 was the arrival at Franklin, on May 28, of the steamer Independence, Capt. John Nelson — the first which ever attempted the navigation of the Missouri River. Col. Elias Rector and others, of St. Louis, had chartered her at Louisville, Ky., to go up the Missouri as high as the town of Chariton, now a deserted town two miles above Glasgow, near the mouth of the Chariton River. She left St. Louis May \b, 1819, and arrived at Franklin, Howard County, on May 28, occasioning the wildest excite- ment and the greatest joy among the people. ^ Mrs. Patten, formerly Miss Elvira A. Williams, was born near Charleston, Va., July 4, 1807, and died in St. Joseph, Mo. (then being Mrs. Overall), on Januai-y 24, 1878, aged 71 years. In 1823, at Old Chariton, Howard County, she first married Dr. John Holman. He dying on Monday, November 27, 1826, and Mr. Patten's wife, Mrs. Matilda Patten, dying on Friday, December 27, 1829, on Sunday, February 27, 1831, at the residence of Mrs. H. T. Peerce, in Columbia, Eev. W. P. Cochran officiating, they were married. The fruit of this marriage was Nathaniel Patten, Jr., who now resides in South Fork, Rio Grande County, Colo. After the death of Mr. Patten, she married Maj. Wilson Lee Overall, of St. Charles (Aug. 16, 1840), by whom she had three children, namely, Mrs. John F. Williams, St. Louis (wife of the Insurance Com- missioner), John H. Overall, of St. Louis, a well known lawyer, and son-in-law of Hon. J. S. Rollins, and Mrs. L. E. Carter, of St. Joseph, at whose house she died, as above stated. Maj. Overall died in St. Charles of paralysis, December 24, 1850. Mr. Patten died in St. Charles in 1837, and at the time of his death was proprietor of the Clarion newspaper. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 139 The following were some of the passengers on the Independence : Col. Elias Eector, Stephen Rector, Capt. Desha, J. C. Mitchell, Dr. Stewart, J. Wanton, and Maj. J. D. Wilcox. Immediately after its arrival at Franklin, a public dinner was given the passengers and officers of the boat. A public meeting was then held, of which Asa Morgan was elected President, and Dr. N. Hutch- inson Vice-President. We copy from the Franklin (Mo.) Inttlli- gencer, issued on the day of tliQ boat's arrival, an account of the event : — [From the Franklin Intelligencer, May 28, 1819.] ARRIVAL OF THE STEAMBOAT. With no ordinary sensations of pride and pleasure, we announce the arrival this morning, at this place, of the elegant steamboat " Independence," Captain Nelson, in seven sailing days (but thirteen from the time of her departure) from St. Louis, with passengers and a cargo of flour, whiskey, sugar, iron, castmgs, etc., being the first steamboat that ever attempted ascending the Missouri. She was joyfully met by the inhabitants of Franklin, and saluted by the firing of cannon, which was returned by the "Independence." The grand desideratum, the important fact, is now ascertained that steamboats can safely navigate the Missouri River. A respectable gentleman, a passenger in the Independence, who has for a number of years navigated the great Western waters, informs us that it is his opinion, with a little precaution in keeping clear of sand-bars, the Missouri may be navigated with as much facility as the Mississippi or Ohio. Missourians may hail this era from which to date the growing importance of this sec- tion of the country, when they view with what facility (by the aid of steam) boats may ascend the turbulent waters of the Missouri, to bring to this part of the country the articles requisite to its supply, and return laden with the various products of this fertile region. At no distant period may we see the industrious cultivator making his way as high as the Yellowstone, and offering to the enterprising merchant and trader a sur- plus worthy of the fertile banks of the Missouri, yielding wealth to industry and enterprise. [From the Franklin Intelligencer, June 4, 1819.] ARRIVAL OF THE "INDEPENDENCE" — PUBLIC DINNER, SPEECHES, AND TOASTS. On Friday last, the 28th ult., the citizens of Franklin, with the most lively emotions of pleasure, witnessed the arrival of this beautiful boat, owned and commanded by Captain Nelson, of Louisville. Her approach to the landing was greeted by a Federal salute, accompanied with the acclamations of an admiring crowd, who had assembled on the bank of the river for the purpose of viewing this novel and interesting sight. We may truly regard this event as highly important, not only to the commercial but agricultural interests of our country. The practicability of steamboat navigation being now clearly demonstrated by experiment, we shall be brought nearer to the At- lantic, West India, and European markets, and the abundant resources of our exten- sive and fertile region will be quickly developed. This interesting section of country, so highly favored by nature, will at no distant period, with the aid of science and enter- prise, assume a dignified station amongst the great agricultural States of the West. The enterprise of Capt. Nelson cannot be too highly appreciated by the citizens of 140 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. Missouri. He is the first Individual wlio lias attempted the navigation of the Missouri by steam power, a river that has hitherto borne the character of being very difficult and eminently dangerous in its navigation; but we are happy to state, that his pro- gress thus far has not been impeded by any accident. Among the passengers were Col. Elias Rector, Mr. Stephen Rector, Capt. Desha, J. C. Mitchell, Esq., Dr. Stewart, Mr. J. Wanton, Maj. J. D. Wilcox. THE DINNER AND TOASTS. The day after the arrival of the Independence, Capt. Nelson and the passengers par- took of a dinner, given by the citizens of Franlilin, in honor of the occasion. After the cloth was removed, Capt. Asa Morgan was called to the chair, and Dr. N. Hutchinson acted as vice-president, when the following toasts were dranli: 1st. The Missouri Biver. — Its last wave will roll the abundant tribute of our region to the Mexican Gulf, in reference to the auspices of this day. 2d. The Memory of Bohert Fulton. — Owe oi the most distinguished artists of his age. The Missouri River now bears upon her bosom the first effect of his genius for steam navigation. 3d. The Memory of Franklin, the Philosopher and Statesman. — In anticipation of his country's greatness, he never imagined that a boat at this time, would be propelled by steam so far westward, to a town bearing his name on the Missouri. 4th. Capt. Nelson. — The pi'oprietor of the steamboat Independence. The imagin- ary dangers of the Missouri vanished before his enterprising genius. 5th. Louisville, Franklin and Chariton. — They become neighbors by steam navi- gation. 6th. The Bepublican Government of the United /S'toies. — By facilitating the inter- course between distant points, its benign influence may be diffused over the continent of North America. 7th. The Policy resulting in the expedition to the Yellowstone. 8th. South America. — May an early day witness the navigation of the Amazon and La Plata by steam power, under the auspices of an independent government. 9th. Internal Improvement. — The New York Canal, an imperishable monument of the patriotism and genius of its projector. 10th. The Missouri Territory.— Desirous to be numbered with the States on Consti- tutional principles, but determined never to submit to Congressional usurpation. 11th. James Monroe. — President of the United States. 12th. The Purchase of the Floridas. — A hard bargain. 13th. The American Fair. VOLUNTEERS. By Col. Elias Rector — The memory of my departed friend. Gen. Benjamin Howard; he was a man of worth. By Gen. Duff Green — The Union — It is dear to us; but liberty is dearer. By Capt. Nelson — I will ever bear in grateful remembrance the liberality and hos- pitality of the citizens of Franklin. By Dr. James H. Benson — The Territory of Missouri — May she emerge from her present degraded situation. By J. C. Mitchell, Esq. — Gen. T. A. Smith — The Cincinnatus of Missouri. By Maj. Thompson Douglass — The Citizens of Franklin — Characterized by hos- pitality and generosity. By Stephen Rector, Esq. — May the Missourians defend their rights, if necessary, even at the expense of blood, against the unprecedented restriction which was attempted to be imposed on them by the Congress of the United States. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 141 By L. W. Boggs, Esq. — Maj.-Gen. Andrew Jackson. By John W. Scuclder, Esq. — Our Guests — The passengers who ascended the Mis- souri in the Independence ; they have the honor to be the first to witness the success- ful experiment of steam navigation on our noble river. By Benjamin Holliday — The 28th of May, 1819 — .Franklin will long remember it, and the Independence and her commander will be immortalized in history. By Dr. Dawson — The Next Congress — May they be men consistent in their con- struction of the Constitution ; and when they admit new States into the Union, be actuated less by a spirit of compromise than the just rights of the people. By Augustus Storrs, Esq. — The Memory of Capt. Lawrence, late of the Navy — By the conduct of such men may our national character be formed. By N. Patten, Jr. — The Missouri Territory — Its future prosperity and greatness cannot be checked by the caprice of a few men in Congress, while it possesses a soil of inexhaustible fertility, abundant resources, and a body of intelligent, enterprising, independent freemen. By Maj. J. D. Wilcox — The Citizens of Missouri — May they never become a mem- ber of the Union under the restriction relative to slavery. By Mr. L. W. Jordan — The Towns on the Missouri River — May they flourish in commerce, and, like those on the Ohio and Mississippi, witness the daily arrival or de- parture of some steamboat, ascending or descending this majestic stream. By Mr. J. B. Howard — Robert Fulton — May his name and the effects of his genius be transmitted to the latest posterity. By Dr. J. J. Lowry — (After the President had retired) — The President of the day. By Maj. R. Gentry — (After the Vice-President had retired) — The Vice-President of the day. Not one of the persons mentioned above is alive to-day. [From the St. Louis Enquirer, June 9, 1819.] " The passage of the steamboat Independence, Capt. Nelson, up the Missouri to Franklin and Chariton, is an era in the history of that noble river, and has called forth the most lively feelings of joy and triumph all over the country. By referring to the head of ' Steamboat Intelligence,' it will be seen that the banks of the river were visited by crowds of citizens to witness this great event, and to testify their joy and admiration." THE SECOND STEAMBOAT, In 1818 the Government of the United States projected the cele- brated Yellowstone Expedition, the objects of which were to ascertain whether the Missouri River was navigable by steamboats, and to estab- lish a line of forts from its month to the Yellowstone. The expedi- tion started from Plattsburg, New York, in 1818, under command of Colonel Henry Atkinson. General Natlian Ranney, a well known citizen of St Louis, who not long ago died in that city, was an attache of this expedition. Also Captain Wm. D. Hubbell, now ( 1882) a citi- zen of Columbia. It arrived at Pittsburg in the spring of 1819, where Colonel Stephen H. Long, of the T()p()gra[)liical Engineers of the U. S. Army, had constructed the "Western Engineer," a small steam- 142 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. boat, to be used by him and his scientific corps in pioneering the expedition to tlie mouth of the Yellowstone. This vessel reached St. Louis June 9, 1819, and, proceeding on its voyage, arrived at Franklin July 13, same year. The following gen- tlemen were on board : Major S. H Long, commander ; Maj. Thomas Biddle (who was killed, Aug. 27, 1831, in a duel with Spencer Pettis, on Bloody Island, and after whom Biddle Street, St. Louis, was named); Lieuts. Graham and Swift, Maj. Benj. O'Fallon, Lidian agent; Mr. Daugherty, assistant agent and interpreter; Dr. Wm. Baldwin, botanist ;^ Thomas Say, zoologist ; Mr. Jessup, geologist; Mr. Seymour, landscape painter; and Mr. Peale, assistant naturalist. On Monday, July 19, the vessel proceeded on its voyage up the Missouri, and reached Council Bluffs on the 17th of September, where it stopped for the winter. Owing to the peculiar construction of the " Western Engineer," as well as to the fact that a water craft of any kind, and especially one propelled by steam, was a novel spectacle, its progress up the river excited the greatest wonder among the Indians, many of whom flocked to the river banks to see it, while others fled in fear to the forests or prairies, thinking it an evil spirit, a very devil with serpent's head and breath of fire and steam. The St. Louis Enquirer of June 16, 1819, contains this description of it : THE STEAMER "WESTERN ENGINEER." The bow of the vessel exhibits the form of a huge serpent, black and scaly, rising out of the water from under the boat, his head as high as the decli, darted forward,, his mouth open, vomiting smoke, and apparently carrying the boat on his back. From under the boat, at its stern, issues a stream of foaming water, dashing violently along All the machinery is hid. Three small brass field pieces, mounted on wheel carriages, stand on the deck ; the boat is ascending the rapid stream at the rate of three miles an hour. Neither wind nor human hands are seen to help her; and to the eye of igno- rance the illusion is complete, that a monster of the deep carries her on his back, smok- ing with fatigue, and lashing the waves with violent exertion. PRICES OF PROVISIONS. [Franklin (Mo.) Intelligencer, April 1, 1820.] Provisions of almost every kind are cheap and plentiful, but labor and boarding are high; wheat is one dollar per bushel, corn thirty-three and one-third cents, beef and pork at five dollars per cwt., and boarding from tliree dollars and fifty cents to six dollars per week. 1 Owing to illness Dr. Baldwin abandoned the expedition at Franklin, and died tliere Sept. 1, 1819. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 143 MEAGERNESS OF MAIL FACILITIES. In this era of telegraphic and railroad facilities, whereby important intelligence is transmitted by lightning and by daily and semi-daily mails, we can scarcely conceive of a period, within the personal recol- lection of many of the old pioneers who surviv^e among us, during which the prospect of a stage line once or twice or three times a week would be hailed with delight. But read the following from the Frank- lin Intelligencer, of April 23, 1819 : It is contemplated, we understand, shortly to commence running a stage from St. Louis to Franklin. Such an. undertaking would, no doubt, liberally remunerate the enterprising and meritorious individuals engaged, and be of immense benefit to the public, who would, doubtless, prefer this to any other mode of travelling. A stage has been running from St. Louis to St. Charles, three times a week, for several months past. Another from the town of Illinois [now East St. Louis, opposite St. Louis] to Edwardsville : — a line from Edwardsville to Vincennes, we understand is in con- templation. It will then only remain to have it continued from Vincennes to Louis- ville. When these lines shall have gone into operation, a direct communication by stage will then be opened from the Atlantic States to Boone's Lick, on the Missouri. Benj. Stephens, who is yet alive and a resident of Boone county, northwest of Columbia, was one of the firm of Wetzel, McClelland & Stephens, who had the contract for bringing the mail from St. Charles to Fayette, and in 1834 drove the first Troy coach ever in Columbia. IMMIGRATION TO THE BOONE's LICK COUNTRY. Notwithstanding the unusual sickness that prevailed, and the many deaths which occurred in 1819, the immigration to " the Boone's Lick Country " was very great, as will be seen by the followino; ex- tract from the Franklin Intelligencer of Nov. 19, 1819 : IMMIGRATION. The immigration to this Territory, and particularly to this county, during the pres- ent season almost exceeds belief. Those who have arrived in this quarter are princi- pally from Kentucky, Tennessee, etc. Immense numbers of wagons, carriages, carts, etc., with families, have for some time past been daily arriving. During the mouth of October it is stated that no less than 271 wagons and four-wheeled carriages and 55 two-wheeled carriages and carts passed near St. Charles, bound principally for Boon's Lick. It is calculated that the number of persons accompanying these wagons, etc., could not be less than three thousand (3,000). It is stated in the St. Louis Enquirer, of the 10th inst., that about twenty wagons, etc., per week had passed through St. Charles for the last nine or ten weeks, with wealthy and respectable emigrants from various States whose united numbers are supposed to amount to 12,000. The county of Howard, already respectable in numbers, will soon possess a vast popula- tion; and no section of our country presents a fairer prospect to the emigrant. 144 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. SMITHTON AND COLUMBIA. Very naturally the increase of population within the present limits of Boone county, during the years 1816, 1817, and 1818 was followed by the questions of an organized county, separate from Howard, and the location of a county seat. The site of the new village of Lex- ington at Thrall's Prairie was in every respect except one, a veiy eligible location, and that one was, it was not near the geographical centre of the proposed county, the western and eastern boundaries of which nature seemed to have fixed at the Moniteau and Cedar creeks. About midway, therefore, between these streams, and about the same distance from the Missouri river as from either, was generally regarded as the proper, because the most convenient location, and just to the extremes, for the county seat. Believing the organization of a new county was simply a question of time, and most probably a short time, certain observant and enter- prising citizens were not slow to adopt measures to found a town which they hoped in the early future would become the seat of justice of the new county. In pursuance of this object a company was formed to purchase, at the first government land sales held in the State at Franklin, Novem- ber 18th, 1818, certain rich and eligible lands, in the midst of a fertile agricultural district, possessing advantages of healthfulness, water, and timber, on which to project a town. It was called " The Smith- ton Company " and the town they started " Smithton," in honor of Col. Thomas A. Smith, Register of the United States Land Office at Franklin. (E. W. Stephens's Sketches in the Statesman.') " The rate paid per acre for land was from |4 to $6. The land was divided into lots of eleven and forty acres, and thus apportioned to the different purchasers as each might elect. "NAMES or THE SMITHTON COMPANY. " The}^ were thirty-five in number, as follows: Richard Love, Lil- burn W. Boggs, Robert Snell, Wallace Estill, Gerard Robinson, Angus L. Longhorn, Richard Gentry, Thomas Story, John Wil- liams, Wm. Byars, John Thornton, David Gordon, Robert S. Barr, Anderson Woods, David Todd, Wm. Grayson, Wm. S. Hatch, Alfred R. Head, Mason Moss, James H. Bennett, Absalom McDaniel, Wm. Lientz, Robert and John G. Heath, James H. Benson, Wm, M, Adams, Joshua Newbrough, Thomas Duley, James S. Conway, Peter HISTORY OF BOONE ' COUNTY. 145 Bass, Lewis N. Joiirdan, Taylor Berry, Nicholas S. Burckhart, Henry Cave, and Tarlton Turner. " The company conveyed to five of their number as trustees, viz : Thomas Duley, Gerard Eobinson, David Todd, Richard Gentry, and Taylor Berry, the portions of the tract situated on the south half of sections 1,2, and 11, township 48, on which to lay out a town, and during the winter of 1818-19 it was done. The site occupied the elevated ground some half mile west of the present court-house in Columbia, and now owned and occupied as a residence, grounds, and pasture by Jefferson Garth. "'IS Although during the spring of 1819 there was a sale of lots in Smithton, and quite a large number of purchases made, there were no houses built until the fall of that year, except a small log cabin. Who built this cabin we have not been able to learn. The trustees them- selves made no movement for the improvement of the town until, in pursuance of the following advertisement, they contracted for the ■erection of a " double hewed-loo; house : " — [Franklin (Mo.) Intelligencer, July 23, 1819.] SMITHTON. The Trustees of Smithton wish immediately to contract for building a double hewed-log house, shingled roof and stone chimneys, one story and a half high, in that town. Timber and stone ai'e very convenient. They will also contract for digging and walling a well. The improvements to be finished by the first of November next, when payment will be made. Apply to the subscribers. Taylor Berry, Richard Gentry, David Todd, Trustees. July 23, 1819. Stephens's Sketches for the Statesman: "The double hewed-log house, with several other smaller ones, was let in the fall and built. The occupants of this house were the family of Gen. Richard Gentry (the father of Thomas B. Gentry and Mrs. Boyle Gordonj who are now residents of Columbia and the last of a family of thirteen). Gen. Gentry kept there a house of entertainment, till his removal to Columbia a year afterwards. There also resided in Smithton two lawyers, Anthony B. Wayne and Samuel Wheeler ; a physician, Dr. Daniel P. Wilcox ; '^ a grocery merchant, Peter Kearney, and several 1 Dr. Wilcox died in Boone County February 10, 1831, being a member of the Legis- ature at the time. 146 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. laboring men, among whom were Charles Burns, Benj. Mothershead,. and Butterworth." The difficulty of obtaining water by digging wells — for, at that period, nobody thought of cisterns, either in the grotmd or above it — soon developed wide-spread dissatisfaction with the town location, and consequent propositions to move it to the east side of Flat Branch, a small tributary of the Hinkson, and which ran along the east side of the beautiful plateau on which Smithton was situated. It was urged that in the lower lands, in the valley of this branch, water could be had ; and finally, unable to resist the force of the arguments for re- moval, and conformably to the almost invariable custom of the early pioneers of the West, Smithton was transferred to the coveted site on a water course. FOURTH OF JULY CELEBRATION AT SMITHTON. Although, for the reasons mentioned, the infant town of Smithton was in a state of decadence, its early desertion to the eastern side of Flat Branch being a fixed fact, the patriotic ardor of its citizens suffered no abatement, for on the Fourth of July, 1820, under the genial shade of the stately sugar trees which there abounded, they assembled to celebrate the day. The Franklin hxtelligencev ^ of July 29, records in what manner it was done : — THE FOURTH OF JULY. The Fourth of July, 1820, was celebrated at Smithton by a large and respectable- number of the citizens of the eastern part of Howard County. About 2 o'clock the company sat down to an excellent dinner, provided for the occasion. After the cloth was removed Col. John Williams was chosen president, and Capt. Overton Harris,, vice-president, when the following toasts were drank, with great glee and hilarity : — 1 . The day we celebrate — the birthday of our liberties — may posterity cherish its- remembrance. 2. The United States of America. 3. The American Navy. 4. The memory of Gen. George Washington. 5. Thomas Jefferson. His administi-ation — a perfect model of republicanism. 6. James Madison — the Patriot and Statesman. 7. James Monroe — President of the United States. 8. Henry Clay — the profound Statesman, zealous republican, and distinguished advocate of the rights of man — his loss in the councils of the nation will be severely felt by the citizens of Missouri. 9. The Missouri Convention — may they give us a sound Constitution. VOLUNTEERS. By Thomas Dudley, Esq. — The Hon. David Todd — The enlightened judge and accomplished politician, may the citizens of Howard County ever appreciate his worth. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 147 By Mr. John Williams — Gen. Thomas A. Smith — as a soldier, brave and resolute; as a citizen, highly esteemed. By Mr. Harrison — Major J. S. Findley — one of our representatives in the conven- tion — the finished gentleman. By Joseph Hickam, Esq. — May Smithton be our seat of justice and Col. Williams our representative. [Judge Hickam (not Hickum) is still living, and resides one mile west of Columbia.] By Reuben Cave, Esq. — May the Constitution of the State of Missouri be formed to the satisfaction of its citizens. By John Williams, Esq. — Col. James Johnson — the first to introduce the power of steam on the "turbulent Missouri." By John Williams, Esq. — Col. Richard M. Johnson and the heroes who fought and bled in the Battle of the Thames. By Mr. Reuben Cave — Col. Daniel Boon, the pioneer of the West — may his last days be his happiest, and may his posterity prosper. By Minor Neale, Esq. — May the Constitution of Missouri be a bright link in the golden chain of our Union. By Daniel Neale, Esq. — The fair, who have left the places of their nativity — may they prosper and shine with additional lustre in Missouri. With the exception of Judge Joseph W. Hickam every man whose, name is mentioned in the above is dead. - . THE TOWN OF NASHVILLE. [From Stephens's Sketch.] " One among the first towns projected within the present limits of Boone County was laid out in 1819, just below the present site of Prov- idence, on a tract of land owned by Ira P. Nash, an eccentric o-enius who lived in that vicinity for many years, from whom it was named ' Nashville.' " In 1820 Nashville contained a tobacco warehouse, kept by James Harris and Abraham J. Williams ; a post-office, and several other buildings. It at that time promised to be one of the largest shippino- points on the Missouri, and grew to be a place of some enterprise^ when the treacherous river swept it away." In the Franklin Intelligencer of December 17, 1819, appeared th& following publication relative to this town : — THE TOWN OF NASHVILLE rOR SALE. THE above TOWN is laid off on a Spanish grant confirmed by the United States^ The title to said property is indisputable, and situated on the North bank of the Mis- souri river, near the mouth of Little Bonne Femme creek, about thirty miles below the town of Franklin, and about the same distance above Cote San Dessein. NASHVILLE is the nearest and most convenient point on the river to which the ex tensive and numerous settlement in the Two Mile Prairie and the surrounding country can have access. It promises to enjoy a large proportion of the trade of the river; and from the convenience of its situation, it will furnish many facilities to the trans- 148 HISTOEY OF BOONE COUNTY. portation of the vast quantities of surplus produce of an extensive and salubrious soil. The landing at this town is at all seasons of the year superior to most other places, and certainly inferior to none on the Missouri. The proprietors have concluded to give the public at large an opportunity of enjoying the profits arising from the increase of town property, by offering at PUBLIC SALE A FEW LOTS IN NASHVILLE, At Franklin, on Saturday, the first of January, 1820. The remainder of the Lots in the town of Nashville will be offered at public sale on the 15th day of January, 1820, at Nashville. A credit of six, twelve, and eighteen months will be given to purchasers, by their executing notes for the payment of the purchase money. PETER BASS, RICHARD GENTRY, J. M. WHITE, Proprietors and agents for the other proprittors. December 17, 1819. CHAPTER II. FROM THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY IN 1820 TO 1830. Election returns, from 1820 to 1830 — Boone County organized out of the territory of Howard — Law defining the limits of Boone County — County named after Daniel Boone — Biographical sketch of Daniel Boone — Location of the county seat — Smithton — Eirst Circuit Court at Smithton — Names of officers, jurors and attor- neys — First County Court — Smithton moved to Columbia — Public notice of the change given by the trustees — Columbia made the County Seat — Sale of lots in Columbia — First residences, stores, hotel, etc. — First Circuit and County Courts at Columbia — Organization of Townships — First Sheriff, Assessor and Coroner — First post-office — First Justice of the Peace, deed, mortgage and marriages — County finances in 1821 — The grasshopper pest — First horse and water mills — " The hull of a Court House " — A financial contrast — Towns of Perche and Roche- port — The shooting match — Indian troubles on the Chariton — The Santa Fe trade. COUNTY ELECTIONS FROM 1820 TO 1830. ELECTION, 1822. KEPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS. *John Scott 503 J. B. C. Lucas 6 Alex. Stewart 49 — r Total 558 REPRESENTATIVES IN LEGISLATURE. James W. Moss 244 Mason Moss 67 *Peter Wright 286 *D. C. Westerfield , . . 293 Elias Elston 277 Thos. Thompson . 223 John Slack 246 HISTORY OF BOONK COUNTY. 149 Special election for Representative in 1822, caused by resignation of Elias Elston : *Jas. W. Moss 257 John Slack 113 Total 370 ELECTION, 1824. * Those thus marked were elected. REPRESENTATITE IN CONGRESS. John Scott . . . George F. Strother Robert Wash . . Total , Governor — Frederick Bates Wm. H. Ashley Total Lieutenant-Governor Benj. H. Reeves . Wm. C. Carr Nathaniel Cook James Evans . . Total , Representatives — *Peter Wright . *D. C. Westerfleld John Slack . . Tyre Harris . . Overton Harris . Richard Gentry . O 169 57 140 83 194 7 19 197 193 118 40 68 75 Q 68 76 10 63 13 1 6 71 49 12 49 53 18 167 26 10 98 104 195 "2 180 130 148 102 38 53 Pi 89 16 5 71 39 109 74 9 65 83 46 28 P4 58 47 14 63 55 38 52 8 26 2 551 107 28 686 482 250 624 20 23 675 527 419 390 282 231 176 Special election for Representative, November 4th, 1824, caused by death of D. C. Westerfleld. *Thomas W. Conyers 140 Tyre Harris 76 James W. Moss 47 3 16 10 19 71 4 50 212 163 66 At this election James Barns was re-elected Sheriff of the county. SPECIAL ELECTION, 1825. December 8th, 1825, special election to fill vacancy caused by death of Gov. Bates. ^ 03 • l-H ■n h o ,Q 3 GOVERNOR. S 3 o3 o 03 IB '3 O Q o § p-l ^ H Wm. C. Carr . 21 122 152 1 6 3 36 27 25 22 6 42 3 3 44 2 63 David Todd 236 *.John Miller 215 Rufus Easton 1 150 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. After the death of Gov. Frederick Bates, August 4, 1825, the duties of Governor devolved upon Lieutenant-Governor Benj. H. Eeeves, but he being absent from the State, in Santa Fe, Abraham J. Williams, of Boone, ^President j9ro tern, of the Senate, became Governor until an election was held, and he discharged its functions from August till December, 1825. ELECTION, 1826. REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS. 03 S 3 O O o o 03 PL, 1 o *John Scott 241 191 27 25 56 79 41 50 23 42 388 Edward Bates 387 Total 775 ■Senato7's — A. J. Williams Peter ^Vricht 171 83 178 1 37 9 2 54 26 51 8 23 55 4 36 39 274 177 *E,ichard Gentry 325 1 Total 777 Representatives in Legislature — *Tyre Harris David M. Hickman . . 238 181 189 43 243 181 91 70 101 47 33 2 3 14 26 2 21 1 96 13 40 42 76 35 74 4 24 79 12 19 15 64 43 34 1 10 15 23 47 . 8 64 57 18 5 475 262 Thos. W. Conyers '>87 AVm. Barnes 111 *Win. Jewell Sheriff— 461 34"? Samuel Beattie 9iq James T. Moss Icliabod C. Hensley Total 96 141 818 By this it will be seen that John Scott received in the county one majority for Congress, and that Richard Gentry was elected Senator, Dr. William Jewell and Tyre Harris Representatives, and Harrison Jamison Sheriff. 1 Mr. Williams, being born with only one leg, always used crutches ; was never mar- ried, and was a merchant of Columbia, his storehouse being the same now occupied as a residence by Dr. James McNutt. Some years before his death he bought and im- proved a farm-p-now Isnown as, the Payne or Jennings farm, six miles south of Colum- bia, on the Providence road. He died on this farm, December 30, 1839, aged 58 years, and was buried in the old grave-yard in Columbia, where his tomb of box shape is yet to be seen. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. ELECTION, 1828,. 151 GOVERNOR. 2 S O u o O CO a! o 25 'a o H *John Miller 337 173 159 69 23 2 10 30 159 28 16 13 93 61 20 3 33 2 49 12 12 1 15 3 675 Xiieidenant - Governo?- — Samuel Ferry . i . . Felix Scott . . ' Alex. Stewart . ' *Daniel Dunklin 256 33 24 830 Alex. Buckner Total 5 648 Repi'esentative to Congress — Edward Bates ■ 238 279 33 41 66 95 20 44 9 45 22 33 7 21 30 1 40 15 361 *Spencer Pettis 504 Total 865 Hepresentatives in Legislature — *Sinclair Kirtley *William S. Burch "William Jewell 257 302 165 200 218 18 326 224 33 29 33 25 28 3 63 10 41 114 41 45 45 34 91 66 12 39 11 22 28 21 43 19 365 517 257 Jesse T. Wood 818 849 Tvre Harris . . 77 :Sheriff— "^Harrison Jamison 568 Abraham N. Foley 884 897 1820. — Population of Boone County. .3,692 Missouri was not finally admitted into tRe Union as a State until August 10, 1821, at which time the event was accomplished by a proclamation from President Monroe. Boone, with its present limits, having been erected into a county November 16, 1820, some nine months before the admission of the State, was for that period a terri- torial county. It will be interesting to note the preliminary steps which were taken to carve out of the immense territory of Howard the new county of Boone, and for this purpose we avail ourselves of the recital made of them by Mr. Stephens's historical sketch, published in the States- man : " The Territorial Legislature assembled in St. Louis on September 18th, 1820, and proceeded to organize by the election of James Cald- well, of Ste. Genevieve, Speaker, and John McArthur, Clerk of the House. It consisted of forty-one members. 152 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. "It was during the session of this Legislature that Boone County was organized. "On Tuesday, October 20th, 1820, Andrew S. McGirk presented several petitions, and a letter from the citizens of Howard, praying for the establishment of a new county. This was the first movement toward the reorganization of the County of Boone. The petitions were referred to a special committee, who, a few weeks afterward, made a favorable report, which wais adopted by both Houses, and finally approved on November 16th, 1820. The act vesting Boone with all the privileges and immnnities of a distinct county, went into effect January 1st, 1821, but it was not until February that the first court was held, and it was as late as June before the Sheriff, Assessor,. and other officials received their commissions from the Governor. The act organizing Boone County thus prescribes its limits, which, with but very slight variation, are the same at this time : — , Beginning at tlie southeast corner of and running with the eastwardly line of How- ard County, to where it intersects tlie line between townships fifty and flfty-one, thence eastwardly to the dividing ridge between the waters of the Cedar Creek and Salt River to the Montgomery line ; thence southwardly with said line to where it strikes said Cedar Creek; thence down said creek in the middle of the main channel thereof, to where the range line between eleven and twelve crosses the creek the second time ; thence with said line to the middle of the channel of the Missouri River; thence up the Missouri River in the middle of the main channel thereof to the place of begin- ning. ^ " Who conceived the title of ' Boone ' is unknown, but certain it is that the name was given in honor of the famous Kentucky pioneer, Daniel Boone, and it is probable that its selection was mostly influ- enced by the event of the latter's death at Charrette Village, on the Missouri, a few miles above St. Charles, just two weeks previous (September 26, 1820,) to the presentation of the petitions by Mr. McGirk. "The news of his death was being spread throughout the country,, and at the time Boone County was formed, the members of the Leg- islature were wearing badges of mourning in respect to his memory. Under such circumstances it is but a natural supposition that there should have been a prevalent sentiment to establish some lasting monnment in honor of a man whose career had been so illustrious and whose name had been so closely linked with the early fortunes of Kentucky and Missouri. 1 See Rev. Stat., 1825, vol. 1, page 238. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 15S " Hence, tis a befitting tril)ute of appreciation, a county was named in his honor.'' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF DANIEL BOONE. It is certainly not inappropriate, but quite the contrary tliat, as this county was called in honor of Daniel Boone, and for this reason will forever remain a perpetual memory of his life, a short biographical sketch of him should accompany its history. In regard to his birth, name and death, controversies have ariseii among historians and biographers. It is, perhaps, not a remarkable circumstance that doubts and differences exist in regard to the time of Daniel Boone's birth, and as to the orthography of his name, but that there should be any contrariety of statement touching so recent an event as his death, is a little singular. 1. His Birth: He was born in Exeter township, Bucks county,. Pa., according to Bogant, February 11, 1735; Hartley, same date f Peck, February, 1735 ; the family record in the handwriting of his Uncle James, July 14, 1732; Flint (who wrote in 1840), 1746; Bogart (who wrote in 1881), August 22, 1734 ; Switzler (who wrote in 1877), adopts, in his "History of Missouri," the date of James Boone's family record — July 14, 1732. 2. His Name: Was it Boone or Boon? Many of his descendants who, fifty years and more ago, lived in Missouri, for examples, William, Hampton L., Nestor and William C. Boon, and some of them who yet reside in the State, among whom is William C. Boon, of Jefferson City, omit the final " e." In consequence of this fact, per- haps, the early records of this county, as well as our first county seal, spelled it " Boon." And "Boon's Lick," as applied to the extensive region in Central Missouri known by that name, and in the name of the first newspaper ever published west of the Missouri river, at Franklin, in 1819, the '■'■Missouri Intelligencer and Boon's Lich Advertiser," it is spelled without the " e." Nevertheless, the act of the Legislature organizing Boone county, November 16, 1820 ; the Franklin, Mo., Intelligencer of 1819, and Lewis C. Beck's Gazetteer of Missouri, 1823, when speaking of the county add the final " e." Yet there is higher authority than either of these for the " e," viz. : Daniel Boone himself, for he thus spelled his name. We have before us now, through the courtesy of Col. Thomas E. Tutt, of St. Louis, a lithographic copy of a letter from Boone addressed to Col. William Christian, of Kentuckj^, — called " Cristen " in the letter — dated 154 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. August 23, 1785, iiud concluding, " you will oblyge your omble sarvent," to which he signs his name as "Daniel Boone." The •original letter is now in the possession of Thomas W. Bullet, of Louisville, Ky., who is a grandson of Col. Christian. In the museum of the Louisville, Ky., Public Library there is a genuine autograph letter of Boone dated " Grate Conhoway July the 30th 1789," and addressed to "Col. Hartt & Rochester," which is subscribed as fol- lows : "lam Sir With Respect your very omble Sarvent Daniel Boone." (See letter of Prof. P. A. Towne in the Courier- Journal, 1876.) In a letter of J. E. Paton, Circuit Clerk of Bourbon county, Ky., written at Paris, Ky., December 20, 1876, to the Cincinnati Enquirer, he says there are in his office a number of the genuine signatures of Boone with the final " e." In Collins' " History of Kentucky," Vol. II., page 61, there is a fac simile of a letter from Boone, which, in 1846, was in possession of Joseph B. Boyd, of Maysville, and ad- dressed to "Judge John Cobren, Sant Lewis," dated October 5, 1809, that concludes, " I am Deer Sir j^oures Daniel Boone." These authorities settle the question beyond cavil. 3. His Life : His father. Squire Boone, came from England, and took up his residence in a frontier settlement in Pennsylvania, where Daniel received the merest rudiments of education, but became thor- oughly familiar with the arts and hardships of pioneer life. When he was 18 years old the family moved to the banks of the river Yadkin, in North Carolina, where he married Rebecca Bryan, and passed some years as a farmer. He made several hunting excursions into the wilderness, and finally, in 1769, set out with five others to explore the border region of Kentucky. They halted on Red river, a branch of the Kentucky, where they hunted for several months. In December, 1769, Boone and a companion named Stewart were captured by the Indians, but escaped, and Boone was soon after joined by his brother. They were captured again, and Stewart was killed; but Boone escaped, and his brother going shortly after to North Carolina, he was left alone for several weeks in the wilderness, with only his rifle for means of support. He was rejoined by his brother, and they continued their explora- tions till March, 1771, when they returned home with the spoils which they had collected. In 1773 he sold his farm and set out with his family and two brothers, and five other families, to make his home in Kentucky. They were intercepted by Indians and forced to retreat to Clinch river, near the border of Virginia, w^here they remained for HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 155 -some time, Boone in the meanwhile conducting a party of surveyors into Kentucky for Patrick Henry, the Governor of Virginia. He was afterward appointed, with the commission of a captain, to command three garrisons on the Ohio, to keep back the hostile Indians, and in 1775 was emph)yed to lay out lands in Kentucky for the Pennsylvania 'Company. He erected a stockade fort on the Kentucky river, which he called Boonsborongh, which is now in Madison county, and removed his family to the new settlement, where he was again em- ployed in command of a force to repel the Indians. In 1778 he went to Blue Licks to obtain salt for the settlement, and was captured and taken to Detroit. His knowledge of the Indian character enabled him to gain favor with his captors, and he was adopted into one of their families. Discovering a plan laid by the British for an Indian attack upon Boonsborongh, he contrived to escape, and set out for the Kentucky settlement, which he reached in less than five days. His family, supposing that he was dead, had returned to North Carolina ; but he at once put the garrison in order and success- fully repelled the attack, which was soon made. He was court-mar- tialed for surrendering his party at the Licks, and for endeavoring to make a treaty with the Indians before the attack on the fort ; but, -conducting his oAvn defence, he was acquitted and promoted to the rank of major. In 1780 he brought his family back to Boonsborongh, and contin- ued to live there till 1792. At that time Kentucky was admitted into the Union as a State, and much litigation arose about the titles of settlers to their lands. Boone, losing all his possessions for want of a clear title, retired in 1795 in disgust into the wilderness of Missouri, settling on the Femme Osage Creek, in St. Charles County. This region was then under the dominion of Spain, and he was appointed commander of the Femme Osage district, and received a large tract of land for his services, which he also lost subsequently because he failed to make his title good. His claim to another tract of land was con- firmed by Congress in 1812, in consideration of his eminent public services. The latter years of his life he spent in Missouri, with his son, Na- than Boone, near Marthasville, where he died September 26, 1820, aged eighty-six. The only original portrait of Boone in existence was painted by Mr. Chester Harding in 1820, and now hangs in the State-house at Frankfort, Kentucky. His remains were interred by the side of his wife's, who died March 18, 1813, near the village 156 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. named, where they continued to repose until August, 1845, when they were removed for interment in the public cemetery at Frankfort. The consent of the surviving relations of the deceased having been obtained, a commission was appointed under whose superintendence the removal was effected ; and the 13th of September, 1845, was fixed upon as the time when the ashes of the venerable dead would be com- mitted with fitting ceremonies to the place of their final repose. It was a day which will be long remembered in the historj' of Franklin County, Kentucky. The deep feeling excited by the occasion was evinced by the assembling of an immense concourse of citizens from all parts of" the State ; and the ceremonies were most imposing and impressive. A procession extending more than a- mile in length accompanied the coffin to the grave. The hearse, decorated with evero-reens and flowers, and drawn by four white horses, was placed in its assigned position in the line, accompanied, as pall-bearers, by the following distinguished pioneers, viz. : Col. Richard M. Johnson, of Scott; Gen. James Taylor, of Campbell; Capt. James Ward, of Ma- son; Gen. Robert B. McAfee and Peter Jordan, of Mercer; Walter Bullock, Esq., of Fayette ; Capt. Thomas Joj^es, of Louisville ; Mr. London Sneed, of Franklin ; Col. John Johnson, of the State of Ohio ; Maj. E. E. Williams, of Kenton, and Col. William Boone, of Shelby. The procession was accompanied by several military companies and the members of the Masonic Fraternity and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in rich regalia. Arrived at the grave, the company was brouo-ht toirether in a beautiful hollow near the grove, ascending from O O CD ■' CD the centre on every side. Here the funeral services were performed. The hvmn was given out by Rev. Mr. Godell, of the Baptist Church ; prayer by Bishop Soule, of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; oration by the Hon. John J. Crittenden ; closing prayer by the Rev. J. J. Bul- lock, of the Presbyterian Church, and benediction by the Eld. P. S. Fall, of the Christian Church. The coffins were then lowered into the o;raves. The spot where the graves are situated is as beautiful as nature and art combined can make it. It is designed to erect a mon- ument on the place. 4. His Death: Timothy Flint, in his biography (1840), states that it occurred " in the year 1818, and in the eighty-fourth year of his age ; " Hartley, on September 26, 1820, in his eighty-sixth year ; Bogart, the same ; Switzler, the same, except that his age was eighty- eight ; and Chester Harding, who painted from life the celebrated por- trait of him in June, 1820, and who fixes his age at ninety, also fixea HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY, 157 llis death as occurring in 1820. (See Harding's " Egotistigraphy," for a copy of which we are indebted to his sou, Gen. James Harding, •one of the Board of Railroad Commissioners for Missouri.) We have, however, recently met with higher authority than either of the above writers, and one that conclusively settles the date of his death. In the Franklin (Mo.) Intelligencer oi Oct. 14, 1820, there is copied from the St. Louis Enquirer an obituary notice of Daniel Boone, the first paragraph of which is as follows : Died. — On the 26tli ult. [Sep.] at Charette Village [which was on Femme Osage Creek, in St. Charles County, Mo.], in the ninetieth year of his age, the celebrated Col. DANIEL BOONE, discoverer and first settler of the State of Kentucky. This disposes of the question conclusively. He died at the residence of his son, Maj. Nathan Boone, which was an old-style two-story house, the first of the kind erected west of the Missouri river, and it is yet standing. A good wood cut of it can be found in " Switzler's History of Missouri," page 180. The obituary in the Enquirer -a\^o says that on the 28th September, Mr. Emmons, Senator from Saint Charles County, communicated the intelligence of his death to the Legislature, then in session in St. Charles, and that " both branches of that body, through respect to his memory, adjourned for the da}^, and passed a resolution to wear crape on the left arm for twenty days." One of his sons, Jesse B. Boone, was at the time a member of the liCgislature from the county of Montgomery. LOCATION or THE COUNTY SEAT. The act having been passed November 16, 1820, to organize Boone County, the Statesman sketches by Mr. Stephens say that "John Gray, Jefierson Fulcher, Absalom Hicks, Lawrence Bass and David Jackson, were appointed by the Legislature commissioners to select and establish a permanent county seat. They were emj)owered to re- ceive donations of not less than fifty, or more than two hundred acres of land, upon which to fix this seat of justice ; and, in the event of no donations being made, they were authorized to purchase land, for which not more than ten dollars per acre were to be paid. "Upon the reception of this land, deeds were to be taken by said commissioners, which were to be submitted to the Circuit Court, upon whose approval the commissioners were to proceed to advertise the lots for sale, in some newspaper printed in the State. 158 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. " In January, 1821, the commissioners entered upon the discharge^ of their duties, and in the fall of that year fixed the seat of justice at Columbia ; and henceforth the identity of Boone was recognized and permanently preserved. The ground on which Columbia now stands was purchased at the government land sales, on November 18th, 1818, by an association of" citizens of Missouri and other States, organized in Franklin, and styled the " Smithton Company." The prospect of an early forma- tion of a new county was quite evident, and the situation of this land seeming favorable, it was purchased for the purpose of securing upon it the seat of justice. " Smithton, however, stood for over eighteen months, and it was twa years from the location of the first building there when the change of the county seat was made to Columbia. FIRST CIRCUIT COURT AT SMITHTON. " During its existence the county was organized (November, 1820), and by an act of the Legislature, the temporary county seat was there located. There, on April 2d, 1821, the first Circuit Court (David Todd, judge ^) of Boone County, was held. In consequence of its historic interest, it is deemed fitting to note the following incidents during the session of the Court : — On the day of its meeting, the following officers appeared and pre- sented their commissions : David Todd, Judge ; Hamilton R. Gramble, Circuit Attorney ; Roger N. Todd, Clerk : Overton Harris, Sheriff. The following is the first entry on the records of the court : State of Mo., Boon[e] County. Be it remembered, that upon the 2cl day of April, in the year of our Lord one thou- sand eight hundred and twenty-one, being the first Monday in said month, at the town of Smithton, in said county of Boone (tlie same being the time and place appointed for holding the temporary courts for said county, by two several acts of the Legislature of said State, one approved November 25, 1820, entitled "An act establishing judicial districts and circuits, and prescribing the times and places of holding courts;" the other approved November 16th, 1820, entitled "An act defining the limits of Howard county, and laying off new counties within the limits of said county as heretofore defined") personally appeared David Todd, esquire, and produced a commission from the Governor of said State ^ as the Judge of the Circuit Court of said county, and as being duly qualified thereto, which was read, and is in the following words, to-wit: 1 David Todd was born in Lexington, Ky., March 29, 1786, and died in Columbia^ Mo-, June 9, 1859. 2 Then Alex. McNair, HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 153^ Signed at St. Louis, Dec. 5, 1820, attested by Goveruor's private seal, " there being no seal of State yet provided," and by Joshua Barton, Sec'y of State. And the said Judge caused due proclamation to be made and took his seat and con- stituted a court for the circuit of said county of Boone. Hamilton R. Gamble produced his commission as Circuit Attorney. The follow^ing persons were admitted to practice as attorneys : — John F. Ryland, Cyrus Edwards, John C. Mitchell, Chas. French, John Payne, Wm. J. Redd, Hamilton R. Gamble, John T. McKinney, Dabney Carr, Rob't A. Ewlng, Andrew S. McGirk. GRAN J) JURY. " The following grand jury was empanelled: Peter Bass, Foreman, Mosias Jones, Peter Ellis, James Ready ^ Hugh Patten, Thomas G. Jones, Wm. Barry, Joshua Alexander, John Ogan, John Kennon, Richard Cave, Sen., Joseph Lynes, Har- . risou Jamison, Riley Slocum, Hiram P. Philips, John Anderson, John Slack, Smith Turner, George Sexton, Benjamin Mothershead,. Minor Neale, John Henderson, and Tyre Harris." Having received their charge, the jury went out of court, and after some time returned and presented an indictment against Wm. Ramsey and Hiram Bryant for assault and battery (a true bill), and having nothing further to present, were discharged. Ramsey and Bryant were indicted for assault and battery. R. was convicted at next term and fined $20. Case v. B. nol. pros' d at December term. First civil suit disposed of was Obadiah Babbitt v. Amos Barnes. Appeal from Justice John Slack's court. Judgment set aside. Criminal cases at first were all for assault and battery. "A petit jury was also empanelled and was composed of the fol- lowing : " John T. Evans, John T. Foster, Michael Woods, Jesse Richard- son, Daniel King, John Jamison, Thomas Kennon, John Berry, Jesse Davis, Joseph W. Hickam, Robert Jones and Adam C. Reyburn. " This court held two days, and was employed chiefly in appointing overseers for roads and issuing licenses. In the absence of a proper building, their proceedings were conducted under an arbor of sugar trees, constructed for the purpose and provided with accommodations, and here within this shady grove, surrounded by the luxuriance and beauty of nature's freshness, did justice have an honored birth-place^ upon the soil of Boone countv ! ,160 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. " On August 6th, 1821, was held another Ch-cuit Court, at Smith- ton, with same officers and the following grand jur}^ : — " William Lientz, Foreman ; Daniel Toalson, Lewis Collins, William Ridgeway, Henry Cave, Sen., Peter Creason, James Hicks, Robert Barclay, Stephen Wilhite, Aquilla Barns, David McQuitty, James Lamme, John W. Fowler, Nathaniel Teagus, William Boyse, Richard Lanum, and James Harris. ^ FIRST COUNTY COUET. " The first regular session of the County Court of Boone was held at Smithton on February 23d, 1821, two months before the sitting of the Circuit Court. The judges present were ; Anderson Woods and Lazarus Wilcox. Its only work at this session was to appoint Warren Woodson, clerk ^ro tern., and Michael Woods, County Assessor. "At its next meeting on May 21st, its third judge, Peter Wright, ap- peared and began his duties. A good deal of business was transacted at this session, and amongst other things were the division of the county into judicial townships, and the appointment of Peter Wright, County Surveyor, and of Overton Harris, County Collector. Regu- lar sessions of the same Court met at Smithton on August 20th, and November 14th, after which the change was made to Columbia. SMITHTON MOVED TO COLUMBIA. " The failure to obtain water on the site of Smithton soon induced the proprietors to abandon the project of a town at that place, and it was determined to lay out a town on the same plan on the present site of Columbia, and to transfer the titles of land in Smithton to lots of similar size and value in Columbia ; should it be the option of holders of these titles to have the transfer made." • PUBLIC NOTICE OF THE CHANGE. The following publication was made in the Intelligencer, at Franklin (May 21, 1821), notifying those persons of the change : — COLXJMBIA. The trustees of this town inform those interested, tliat the permanent seat of justice of Boon County has been located upon the lands belonging to the company, lately called " Smithton Company," at which place a town, upon the same plan as the orig- inal one, has been laid out, and is called Columbia. In justice to the purchasers of lots in Smithton, the trustees will reserve a lot corresponding in number, to be conveyed to them on application, if made on or before the first Monday in August next, and will renew their note or notes now held by the HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 161 trustees: and this renewal will be on a credit of one year for one-half the amount yet owing the trustees —the other to be considered as due. These proposals are consid- ered very liberal, as the whole amount is now due, and for a lot in the old town, which is supposed will be abandoned. If the purchaser does not apply, and cancel the old contract by the time fixed, it will be presumed the purchaser intends retaining and paying for his lot in Smithton ; and the trustees will, after that time, feel authorized to dispose of the number now reserved for those persons in Columbia. Attention will be given immediately on the subject at Judge Todd's offlce, in Frank- lin, by Mr. Rees, who will be prepared to receive the old notes and execute title bonds. It is distinctly understood that this is considered a new purchase by each individual, and if in any other point of view, the purchaser will retain his lot in Smithton. The town of Columbia is located upon a fine site, and in a neighborhood of the best lands in the State, which is improving with great rapidity by respectable and wealthy •citizens, and offers every inducement to mechanics of every kind to settle immediately, as it is expected the county buildings will be contracted for in a few months. ■' The proprietors of this company are notified that a meeting, by themselves or their legally empowered attorney in fact, is requested on the first Monday in August next, at Columbia, on business of the utmost importance. By order of the Trustees. May 21, 1821. " The abundance of water and its central location, and public senti- ment, fixed Columbia as the most feasible point for the seat of justice for the ne-^ county. Accordingly a donation of fifty acres of land, two public squares, $2,000 in money, and two Avells of water, from the trustees of the town, was accepted by the Commissioners appointed by the Legislature to locate the county seat, who, on August 6, 1821, submitted the following report to the Circuit Court, then in session in Smithton, which was adopted : — We, the undersigned, Lawrence Bass, John Gray, David Jackson, Absalom Hicks, and Jefferson Fulcher, Commissioners, appointed by an act of the Legislature of Missouri erecting the said County of Boone to fix upon and locate the permanent seat of justice in said county, did, on the third, fourth, fifth and sixth days of April, in the year eighteen hundred and twenty-one, proceed to the discharge of the duties required of us by the said act, and have fixed upon as the permanent seat of justice of said county, the southeast quarter of section twelve, in range thirteen and township fort}'- eight, which was owned by Thos. Duley, Gerard Eobinson, Taylor Berry, Richard Gentry and David Todd, trustees and proprietors for certain individuals, whose names are particularly described in a deed of trust, of record in the oflice of Howard County, by Anderson Woods and others, and have accepted of a majority of the said trustees their propositions of a donation of fifty acres of land and two public squares of ground, whereon to erect suitable and necessary buildings for county and town pur- poses; also, a farther donation to the County Court of ten acres of land for the erection of bridges over the Moniteau, Roche Perce, Hinkson and Cedar Creeks, on the direct route from Franklin to St. Charles, through the county seat; also, ten acres conditional if the State University be established therein, and have also received their propositions for a donation of two thousand dollars in cash notes, and the procuring of two wells of never failing- water; and we shall proceed forthwith to cause town 11 162 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. lots to be laid out, and the necessarj' conveyances for said land, and shall receive the- said donation of cash notes upon individuals, all of vphich we will in a further report of our proceedings refer to and explain. Lawrence Bass, [Seal.] David Jackson, [Seal.] John Gray, [Seal.] Absalom Hicks, [Seal.] Jefferson Fulcher. [Seal.] Smithton, Boone Countj, Mo., April 7, 1821. " Smithton never contained over twenty inhabitants, and its houses, with the exception of the double hewed one before referred to as be- longing to Gen. Gentry, were log cabins of the rudest structure and of only the poorest conveniences. They were all hauled to Colnmbiii when the seat of justice was removed. Not a vestige of them remains. Columbia was laid out early in the spring of 1821. The surveyor was Peter Wright, a man who deserves not only the honor but the grat- itude of our people for the systematic and elaborate manner in which he did his work, and especially for the judgment and taste he displayed in the construction of Broadway, even now admitted to be the most beautiful street in Missouri. He was assisted by Charles Burns, Peter Kearny and Butters worth. "The first sale of lots in Columbia occurred on Monday, May 28,. 1821. The publication of the County Commissioners, giving notice of the sale, appeared in the Intelligencer of April 14, 1821, as follows : — COLUMBIA. The commissioners of Boon County have located the permanent seat of justice in said county, near the centre, upon the lands adjoining Smithton, and have laid off the above town. This town site is located in a neighborhood of first rate lands, and inter- sected by the most public roads in the State leading to St. Louis, and from the Upper Missouri to the expected seat of Government, and in every respect is calculated to meet the expectation of the public and its friends. The commissioners propose to sell lots therein on the third Mqnday in May, being County Court day; and on the first Monday in August, being Circuit Court day, at the town of Smithton, and will adjourn to the town site, on which days they expect the sales will be entirely closed. L. BASS, JOHN GRAY, DAVID JACKSON, ABSALOM HICKS, JEFFEESON FULCHER. April 14,1821. FIRST HOUSES, ETC., IN COLUMBIA. " The first house in Columbia was a log cabin, built by Thomas Duly, HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 163 ill 1820. It stood on the southeast corner of Broadway and Fifth Street. It was afterwards weather-boarded and enlarged. " The first store-house was built by A. J. Williams, on the southwest corner of Broadway and Fifth Street, afterwards the residence of Dr, William Pro vines, and now the residence of Alfred Brown, a colored man. " ' " The first hotel was kept by Gen. Gentry, on Broadway, in 1821. " The first brick house was built by Charles Hardin, in 1821. The first business establishment was a grocery, kept by Peter Kearny, on the northeast corner of Fifth Street and Broadway. The first court in Columbia was held in a log cabin, about fifty yards east of the present jail, where it met for a year, when it was removed to a work- shop belonging to Judge John Vanhorn, situated on the ground where Uiow stands the residence of Rev. Isaac Jones. (The large two-story brick stores of Conley, Searcy & Co. now occupy the lot.) There it remained until the completion of the old court-house, in 1824. The first jail stood a few yards northwest of the present court-house, and the keeper was John M. Kelly. " In 1821 Columbia did not attain a greater growth than fifteen or twenty houses, all of which were mud-daubed log buildings of the smaller size, and but one-story high. They were situated in a "clearing" in the midst of stumps and brush, while all around stretched a dense and trackless wilderness. "Although the County Commissioners reported the removal of the seat of justice to Columbia in the spring of 1821, the actual transfer could not be made without the ratification of the Legislature, which did not assemble until the fall of that year. Courts were therefore held at Smithton until November 15th, when the Legislature made the transfer. rillST CIRCUIT COURT AT COLUMBIA. "Accordingly the first court was held at Columbia, on December 7thy 1821. The following is the grand jury that was on that day empan- nelled : " Mason Moss, Foreman ; Jesse Perkins, James Barns, Alfred Head, Richard Fulkersou, John Harrison, J. C. McKay, William T. Hatton, Andrew Hendricks, George Crump, Charles Hughes, William Barns» John Yates, John McKenzie, Joseph W. Hickam, Jesse B. Dale, Michael Woods, Thomas Williams, Caleb Fenton, John G. Philips, Zachariah Jackson. 164 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. "Also the following petit jury: John Witt, Pattisou Y. Russell, William Russell, Kemp M. Goodloe, John T. Evans, Nathan Glas- gow, John Ogan, John Graves, James Turley, Jesse Lewis, John Ken- non, and James Denny. This court held two days. FIRST COUNTY COURT AT COLUMBIA. " The first County Court met in Columbia on February 18th, 1822. Four regular sessions of this court were held in Smithton during 1821, ■during which the county was laid off into judicial townships, and Con- stables were appointed for each, as follows : "Columbia Township — Nicholas S. Kavanaugh ; Cedar Town- ship — Thomas S. Tuttle ; Missouri Township — Ichabod C. Hensley ; Rockyfork Township ^ Amos Marney ; Perche Township — Samuel Beattie. "The first Justices of the Peace were appointed in 1821 by Gov- ernor McNair, as follows : " Cjolumbia Township — Richard Cave; Cedar Township — James Cunningham; Missouri Township — John Gray; Rockyfork Town- ship — James R. Abernathy ; ^ Perche Township — John Henderson.^ "Bourbon Township had not then been made. " The law requiring the appointments of District Assessors was then in force, and the following were the first appointed (1822) : "Columbia Township — Minor Neal ; Cedar — Lawrence Bass; Missouri — Jesse B. Dale ; Rockyfork — William L. Wayne ; Perche — Michael Woods ; Assessor for county — Ichabod C. Hensle3^ " Overton Harris was the first Sheriff of Boone County, having been ' appointed by the Governor. He held the position until the first election for State and county officers, on August 5th, 1822, when James Barnes was elected Sheriff, and Mr. Harris received the appointment of Assessor. The late Hiram Philips was appointed first Coroner of Boone in 1821, [His son, Judge Richard Philips, of Audrain County, has furnished us his original commission issued July 20th, 1821, by Governor Alex- ander McNair, and it strongly contrasts with the beautifully printed and highly embellished commissions of the present day. It is all in the bold elegant penmanship of Wm. G. Pettus, then Secretary of State, 1 Mr. Aberiiathy was afterwards a lawyer, prosecutiug attorney, and editor of the Mercury in Paris, Mo., where he now lives at an advanced age. Old settlers state that Mr. Henderson lived in Missouri Township at the time. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 165 * and the State then having no seal one is made with a wafer over which is a star-shaped piece of white paper cut with a pair of scissors. The commission is as follows : — W. F. Switzler.] Alexander McNair, Governor op thf State of Missouri, TO ALL WHO SHALL SEE THESE PRESENTS. Ch'eeting : Know ye that reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity and abilities of Hiram Philips of the County of Boone I do hira appoint Coroner of the said County of Boone in the State of Missouri and do authorize and empower him to discharge the duties of said Office according to law. To Have and to Hold the said Office with all the rights, powers, privileges and emoluments unto the same appertaining unto him the said Hiram Philips until the next general election and until his successor be duly qualified unless sooner removed according to law. In Testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my private seal (there being no seal of State yet provided). Given under my hand at St. Charles this 20th day of [L.S.] July A. D. One thousand eight hundred and tweutv one and of the Inde- pendence of the United States the forty-sixtj. By the Governor. William G. Pettus, Secretary of State. HiRiAM Philips, Commission Coroner. Filed August 7th, 1821. A. McNAIR. R. N. TODD, Clk. State OF Missouri,-. r.- •<- <^ * a ^ n. -.oni _ „ Vss. Circuit Court August Term 1821. County of Boone. J This day personally appeared in open Court the within named Hiram Philips, Esquire, and took the oath to support the Constitution of the United States and of this State and faithfully, diligently and impartially to discharge the duties of Coroner for the County of Boone to the best of his skill and abilities. Given under ray hand this 7th day of August 1821 with my private seal, there being no seal of State 3'et provided. [L.S.] ROGER N. TODD, Clk. State of Missouri. Boone Circuit to wit : This commission of Hiram Philips Coroner was produced before me clerk of said Courrand having been qualified in open Court the same with certificate of qualifica- tions is admitted to record in my office and is duly recorded in Book A page 39 this 7th day of August 1821. Given under my hand with my private seal there being no seal of office yet provided. [L.S.] ROGER N. TODD, Clerk. " One among the first acts of the Court of July, 1821, was to fix the county tax, at five per cent of the State Tax, " This was the rule in Boone county until 1830. " The first license to keep tavern was granted to Wilford Stephens, of Columbia, on August 20, 1821. The first license to retail mer- chandise was granted to Peter Bass on June 1, 1821, and the next to Oliver Parker, on June 9, 1821. 166 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. » " 111 1821, the first year of its existence, the size and wealtli of Col- umbia were very diminutive. Tlie town consisted of a few cabins on *'Flat Branch," while none but Gentry's Hotel stood as far east as Court House Street. In 1822 a spirited rivalry sprang up between General Gentry and Dr. Wm. Jewell, as to whether the central part of the town should be where it now is or at the intersection of Broad- way and Fifth Street. Gentry, however, triumphed and during the next year, 1822, several houses were built on what is now Eighth or Court House Street. The primary design of the founders of Colum- bia was that the ground on which now stands the court-house, Baptist Church, and jail should be a public square, and the survey was so made. " III 1822, dry goods stores were kept in Columbia by Peter Bass, Abraham J. Williams, and Robert Snell ; groceries by Thomas Duly and John Graham, and taverns by Richard Gentry, Wilford Stephens, and Sam'l Wall. Other inhabitants were David Jackson, William Davis, Kemp M. Goodloe, Roger N. Todd, Abel Foley, Charles Har- din, and Dr. Daniel P. Wilcox. " The post-oJEfice was established in Columbia in 1821, with Charles Hardin, father of the present (1876) governor of Missouri, Charles H. Hardin, as postmaster. [Charles Hardin was a tanner, and lived and kept the post-office, on Flat Branch, in the southwestern part of town, and on the same lot on which his old brick residence, the first brick house erected in Col- umbia, 3^et stands. His tan-yard was in the valley of the branch, near his residence. Mr. Hardin married a sister of the late Dr. Wm. Jewell, and died in Columbia, on August 20, 1830. — W. F. S.] " The first jail was built by George Sexton, in 1822, and was kept by John M. Kelly, who died in Columbia, January 24, 1874. Three of his daughters, who are estimable Christian ladies. Misses, Mary Jane, Roxanna and Catherine Kelly, survive him, and are still resi- dents of the town, living in a frame house opposite the Christian Church. FIRST SHERIFF OF BOONE COUNTY. " Overton Harris, father of Hon. John W. Harris, Judge James and Mr. William A. Harris, was the first sherifl* of Boone County. He was appointed by the County Court, in May, 1821, and commissioned by the Governor the July following. He gave a bond of |5,000 to the oourt, with Tyre Harris, Nicholas S. Kavanaugh and Samuel Beattie, as securities, and in July gave one of $1,000 to the Governor, with Michael and Anderson Woods, securities. He held the position till HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 167 the first election for State and county officers, on August 5th, 1822, when James Barnes,^ still a resident of the county, was elected sheriff, and Mr. Harris received the appointment of assessor." FIRST DEED, MORTGAGE, ETC. The first deed of record in the county was dated Dec. 12, 1820, from Taylor Berry and wife to John Walkup, for 160 acres of land, for $950, and is as follows : FIRST DEED. To all to whom these presents shall come, Greeting: Know ye, that I, Taylor Berry and Fanny W. Berry, my wife, of the county of Howard and State of Missouri, for and in consideration of the sum of $950, to me in hand paid by John Walkup, of the county aforesaid, the receipt whereof I do hereby acknowledge, have granted, bargained, sold, transferred and assigned, and do by these presents grant, bargain, sell, transfer and assign to the said John Walkup, his heirs or -assigns forever, a certain tract or parcel of land, containing one hundred and sixty acres, be the same more or less, lying and being in the said county of Howard, or more properly now Boon County, it being the southwest quarter of section No. ten, town- ship forty-nine, north, and range No. fourteen, west of the 5th principal meridian line, it being the same quarter which was improved by Michael Woods, which said quarter •section is a part of a location made by me by virtue of a New Madrid claim, in the name of Francis Hndson, Senr., — To have and to hold to him the said John Walkup, Jiis heirs or assigns forever, free froiii the claim or claims of all persons whatsoever. In testimony whereof, etc. Dec. 12, 1820. TAYLOR BERRY. FANNY BERRY. 'Witnesses: Wm. Grubbs, Wm. Carson. Acknowledged before Gray Byuum, Clerk C. C, Howard Co. " The first mortgage was given on February 18th, 1821, by Benjamin F. White, to Robert Dale, and secured a debt of $67.26V4, The property mortgaged was " a tract of land, known as the southeast quarter of the second section, in township forty-eight, range four- teen, with all the appurtenances thereto belonging and appertaining, and one sorrel horse, one bay mare, one red yearling heifer, and two sows and pigs." "The first letters of administration were granted on May 21st, 1821, to James Turley, on the estate of Daniel Turley, deceased, Natlianiel Fagan and John McKinzie beino- securities in a bond of $2,500. The deed from the trustees of the " Smithton Company" donating ground to the county commissioners as the seat of justice, was recorded on April 28th, 1821." 1 Mr. Barnes died at his residence, in Randolph County, Mo., , 187- 168 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. EARLY MARRIAGES. 1. This is to certify that Isaac Black and Sarah Maupin was married by the under- signed on the 14th day of July 1820 given under my hand and seal this tenth day of August, 1820. . TYRE MARTIN, J. P. Recorded June 20, 1821. 2. December 21, 1820. Married by me Robert Dale, a baptist minister of the gospel,, in Boone county. State of Missouri, Robt. D. Walkup and Anna W. Cochran. ROBERT DALE. Recorded May 22, 1821. 3. Daniel Lewis and Mary Pain [Payne] Feb. 18, 1821. By Tyre Martin, J. P. 4. Thomas Kenuan and Mary Cave, March 10, 1821. Tyre Martin, J. P. 5. James Renn and Rebecca Whitley, March 18, 1821. John Henderson, J. P. 6. John Gray and Nancy Ross, March 22, 1821. John Henderson, J. P. 7. Joseph Glenn and Sally Graham, Apr. 5, 1821. John Henderson, J. P. 8. John Anderson and Lovee Fenton, ("both of the county of Boone") Apr. 28,. 1821. Absalom Hicks, J. P. BOONE COUNTY FINANCES IN 1821. It will be seen by the following tabular statements, made and pub- lished Nov. 13, 1821, by Overton Harris, collector, that the finances of Boone county the year after its organization were exceedingly small ; the reading of which, in contrast with the present financial condition of the county, will be very interesting : — MONEYS Which have been received, and which ought to have been received for Licenses in Boone County, since the 15th day of May, 1821. I cts Peter Bass, (Merchandise) 15 00' Oliver Parker, do ... - 1500 Robert Snell, do 15 oa Richard Gentry, (Wines and Spirituous Liquors) . . , . . . 20 00 Thos. Donley, do do do do 6 00 John Grayum, do do do do Q OO Total $77 00 Overton Harris, Collector Boone County. Nov. 13th, 1821. DELINQUENT TAXES OF 1821. The following advertisement made by Overton Harris, collector, same day and date as above, exhibits the names of certain tax payers^ "who have absconded, or, become insolvent subsequently to the date of their assessment and prior to the date when the tax ought to have been collected and the amount of taxes due by them respectively." None of the amounts reach the sum of $10, a large majority of HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 169^ them are under $1, and one of them, the taxes of Louis (Lewis) Teters, both State and county, only twelve cents. It will be seen that the taxes are stated with scrupulous exactness, even to a cent and fractions of a cent, and that it is, for this and other reasons, a very rare and racy official paper : — Of all such persons from whom taxes are due for State and county purposes in Boone county, for the year 1821, and who have absconded, or become insolvent, subsequent to the date of their assessment and prior to the date when the tax ought, according to the provisions of the statute in this case made, to have been collected, and the amount- of taxes due by them respectively, to-wit: Delinquents' Names. Amount of Taxes State. County. Benjamin Burdyne Elam Boles . James Beatty, (dead) . Obadiah Babbett . Adam S. Barnett . Bettj' Burdine Hiram Bryant John Christian Daniel Crump Abner Davis . Anthony J. Davis Thomas Ellison . John Finney Bartley Gentry, (dead) Thomas Gray Jonathan Gray George Hornts Heni-y James Francis Lipscomb John McCarty Archibald McNeal Walter McKay William Nolin Samuel Nutting . John Peden . William Piper Jesse Samuels John Thompson . Lewis Teters William D. Young Charles Vanauster John Blackburn, (dead) John Dillin . Willis A. Ethel . William Orear William Timberlake ^1 00 1 00 1 57i- 2 08i 1 02^ 1 12 67 12 22 15 00 00 00 65 45 40 00 71 20 00 00 15 62 00 06 00 021 60 08 27 00 70 15 11 13 05 p 50 50 78^ 1 04 511 561 33 H 57 50 50 50 4 47 22 20 50 351 60 50 50 57 H 50 53 50 1 51 80 4 63 50' 31 7 5 59 52 Nov. 13, 1821. Overton Harris, Collector Boone County. 170 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. The entire amount of the delinquent taxes thus blazoned in the Franklin Intelligencer amounts only to $64.26V4, :ind the merchants' license for six months to $45.00, and the saloon license for the same period to $32.00. THE GRASSHOPPER PEST. No doul)t the younger readers of this History, although they may recall the myriads of grasshoppers which, a few years ago, desolated the farms and forests and the prairies and fields of Kansas and Nebraska, as well as portions of our own State, do not know that the pioneers of the commonwealth, and during the very year of its admit- tance into the Federal Union, made the acquaintance of this destruc- tive scourofe. But the followinsf extract of a letter from Fort Osage, June 15, 1821, to the St. Louis Register, will show that grasshoppers in countless numbers visited Missouri then, as they have several times since, " literally eating up the whole country." [Extract from the Letter.] '< Immense swarms of grasshoppers are overrunning this whole country, and lit- terally eating it up. Our gardens are nearly all destroyed, and we have no reason to hope that anything will be saved of them without some Providential interference. I can see no escape from all the distressing consequences of a general and utter failure of our grain crops. This plague seems to be evidently progressing south-eastwardly, so that you may count upon a similar visitation next fall. Those who can secure two years' supply of grain from the present crops, ought to do so by all means. You had better prepare for the coming evil — practice economy in feeding away corn, &c. Save plenty of forage in order to save grain." An. article by E. W. Stephens, in the Missouri Statesman, of October S, 1869, says: — "After the permanent establishment of the seat of justice, the installment of the county officers, and the assumption of all the privileges and functions of a distinct county, Boone grew amazingly in wealth and population, and scarcely a year had elapsed before she was recognized as one of the first counties of Missouri — a position she has never since ceased to sustain. The emigration was largest during the year 1822. A writer of that period asserts that 'the settlers of those twelve months were more numerous and possessed of more wealth than those of all upper Missouri besides.' " FIRST HORSE AND WATER MILLS. " Before 1820 there was but one srist mill within the limits of HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 171 Boone county. It belonged to John Copeland, :ind stood near Moni- teau creek, several miles north of Eocheport. During 1821 another one was built by Durrett Hubbard, about eight miles southeast of ■Columbia, near the present residence of Judge James Harris. In 1822 the first carding machine was built near the present southern suburbs of Columbia by David Jackson, by whom it was run for sev- eral years. During 1822 the great influx of emigrants occasioned the construction of a Considerable number of factories and mills, and by February 4, 1823, there were in the county three manufacturing water .mills, ten horse mills and three water saw mills." POPULATION WEALTH ENTERPRISE. " The rapid increase of the county had, by 1824, become such as to -awaken enterprise and start the pulses of trade in every avenue of labor. The forests began to ring with the axe of the woodsman, and the wilderness fast became the scene of active industry and enlight- ened culture. The fertile soil was made to yield an abundant increase, which found a ready demand and sold at exorbitant prices to the new comers. These inhabitants were active, energetic and progressive, and with resoluteness applied themselves to the development and civilization of the countiy. Log cabins were supplanted by neat frame dwellings, and over the hovels of poverty rose mansions of com- fort and plenty. The haunts of barbarism became the abodes of learning, and the mists of ignorance vanished before the light of intel- ligence. In three years Columbia had grown from a few wretched huts to an emporium of refinement, enterprise and trade. Scholars, lawyers, divines, capitalists, and men of every rank and condition in their pilgrimage to a Western home, attracted by the richness and beauty of the country, cast their fortunes with the frontier village and applied their tastes and energies to its adornment and progress. Columbia was now confirmed beyond cavil as the established county seat, and the large population, as well as the business before the -courts, made it necessary that there should be a temple of justice." "THE HULL OF A COURT-HOUSE." The first court house erected in Boone county for the accommoda- tion of the Circuit and County Courts was called in the advertisement of the Commissioners " the hull of a court-house," and those who iiided in the administration of justice within its walls, either as judges, 172 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. jurors or other officers, or who, as citizens or spectators, listened with- rapture to the forensic eloquence of our early lawyers, will agree that it was a "hull" in fact as well as in name. It was a brick structure erected by Minor Neal, and stood until sup- planted in 1848 by the present court-house, where the Baptist Church now stands. The following, copied from the Intelligencer of May 1st, 1824, is the advertisement of the Commissioners for bids to erect the hull : — PUBLIC NOTICE. THE Commissioners of Boon County will, ou the first clay of the next term of the Circuit Court of said county, at the town of Columbia, on the Second Monday in June next., LET TO THE LOWEST BIDDEB, The BUILDING of the HULL of a COURT HOUSE, Forty feet square, and two stories high, to be covered with good shingles. Payment — part cash, and the balance cash notes. They will also sell, at the same time and place, about 40 LOTS in said town, at six and twelve months' credit. Particulars made known on the day of the letting of the house and sale of lots. John Gray, Lawrence Bass, Jefferson Fulcher, Absalom Hicks, David Jackson, Commissioners of Boon County .- May 1, 1824. 38-7w "The building was afterwards let to Judge John Vanhorn, then a resident of Boone, and Isaiah Parks, and built by them during the year 1824. It stood just west of the present court-house, where is now the Baptist Church. It was a brick building of hip roof, two stories high, with a court room on the ground floor, and grand and petit jury rooms above stairs, the building being fifty feet long by forty wide. Courts were held there until the completion of the pres- ent court-house in 1848. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 173 In February, 1823, the population of Columbia was 130. See Intelligencer of Feb. 4, 1823. 1824 1881 A FINANCIAL CONTRAST. Nothing, perhaps, will so clearly or in so interesting a manner dis- close the progress made in the county as a comparison of its receipts and expenxlitures in 1824 with its receipts and expenditures in 1881, nearly sixty years afterwards — the receipts during the first year being only $855.75, and the last year $121,794.22 ; expenditures in 1824 only $743, or $112.75 less than the receipts, while in 1881 the receipts were $121,794.22, and the expenditures $53,381.01. The following tabular statements — the first from the Franklin Intelligencer of January 1, 1825, and the last from the records of our County Court — will exhibit these facts in interesting and suggestive contrast : — RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR 1824.. [From the Franklin Intelligencer, January 1, 1825.] A STATEMENT Of the Eeceipts and Expenditures of Boone County during the Year 1824. RECEIPTS Of the Collector, it being the net amount of the county levy for the said year, the sum of 1734 71 Of Constables, on fines assessed bj'^ Justices of the Peace 31 67 Of the Sheriff, on fines assessed by the Circuit Court 89 36 Total receipts $855 75 EXPENDITURES. To William Lientz, as a Justice of the County Court 28 00 " Lawrence Bass, as a Justice of the Countj^ Court 32 00 '* Silas I^iggs, as a Justice of the County Court 26 00 " James Barns, Sheriff 169 54 " Harrison Jamison, Deputy Sheriff.. 26 00 " Koger N". Todd, Clerk of the Circuit Court 72 49 " John T. Foster, for furnishing a seal press, three chairs for the Court, and for other services 13 68 " Eichard Gentry, for furnishing a room for the Circuit Court at February term... 2 00 " Gabriel Davis, for services rendered the county 2 00 " Hiram Wilburn, for services rendered the county 3 00 " Joshua Gill um, for services rendered the 'county 4 00 " Samuel Wickersham, for services rendered the county 1 41 -" Hugh Silvers, for services rendered the county 3 00 174 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. To Richard JKiggs, for services rendered the county- 6 60" " Warren Woodson, Clerlv of the County Court, for furnishing stationery for his office, making out county tax-lists, performing the duties of County Treasurer for said year, and for other services rendered the county 89 14 " Appropriation made said Woodson for furnishing record books, seal of office, seal for branding measures, and half-bushel measure 71 75 " Tyre Harris, Esq., for services rendered the county 2 00 " Adam C. Rayburn, keeper of stray pound, and for services rendered the county... 6 50 " Samuel Jamison, for the rent of a house to hold courts in 38 00 " David Jackson, as County Commissioner 10 00 " Jefferson Fulcher, as County Commissioner 10 00 " John Gray, as Countj' Commissioner , 10 00 " Robert Hinkson, for services as overseer of road in 1822 2 00 " Bazzel Brown, for bearing poll-book to Columbia 1 40 " Roger N. Todd, for acting as clerk to a sale of lots in the town of Columbia 11 00 " Johiel Parks, for acting as clerk to a sale of lots in the town of Columbia 8 00 " John Henderson, Esq., for services rendei-ed the county 2 50 " Peter Kerney, Constable, for services rendered the county 11 50 " Adam C. Rayburn, for services rendered the county , 8 75 " Harrison Jamison, for services rendered the county , 10 87 " Sampson Wright, collector for certain advertisements , 4 00 ■ " Appropriations made to Wm. Lientz for furnishing one-gallon, half-gallon, quart, pint, and half-pint standard measures 10 00 " Henry Cave, Sr., as commissioner to view a road in 1822 5 00 " R. N. Todd, for making repairs to a house for the use of the courts 26 75 " Moses Batterton, his semi-annual allowance for keeping Alfred Batterton, a per- son of unsound mind 10 00 Total amount of expenditures $743 00 State of Missouri County of Boone , Set. / As Clerk of the County Court in and for said county, I certify that the above and forego- ing statement contains a correct account of the receipts and expenditures of said county dur- ing the year 1824. Griven under my hand, with the seal of said Court affixed, at Columbia, this 16th day of December, 1824. [L. S.] WARREN WOODSON, Clerk. RECEIPTS AXD EXPENDITURES FOR 1881. RECEIPTS. County revenue $26,243 93 County interest 25,543 90 Valid Indebtedness 12,032 81 State tax . . . . . . . 26,825 47 Public School tax ' . . . . 28,228 84 Railroad tax — Rocky Fork Township 1,575 7'5 Railroad tax — Perche Tovs'uship 1,343 52 Total receipts $121,794 22, HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 175 EXPENDITURES. Bonds redeemed ............ $7,00000 Interest on bonds redeemed 106 20 Coupons on bonds redeemed 21,893 00 Judges' salary ............ 365 60 County Clerk's salary 2,396 21 Sheriff's fees 227 84 Prosecuting Attorney's salary 750 00 Circuit Clerk and criminal costs 1,405 34 Treasurer 650 00 -Assessor 688 80 Surveyor 276 50 School Commissioner 41 75 Road Overseers 1,400 25 County Physician 146 00 County Poor-house expense 8,485 09 Pauper support and coffins ■ 389 72 Bridge expense 6,806 92 State Lunatic Asylum expense . 1,389 18 Stationery and books 732 70 Public printing 276 60 Repairs and furniture public buildings . . . . . . , 521 52 Fuel public buildings 171 CO Inquest fees 139 05 Jail expense 903 17 Repairs public roads 100 00 Insurance public buildings 26 65 Rebate on taxes 48 91 Miscellaneous . . • 43 05 Total $52,381 01 THE TOWN OF "PERSIA."^ " Columbia did not secure tlie seat of justice of Boone County wholly without effort. There was at least one other point that contested her claims stoutly and with strong prospects of success. This was near the intersection of the old " Boonslick Trace," or St. Charles Koad, and Perche Creek, and close by the farm now owned by A town was there laid out in 1820, and called " Persia." Who chose the locality or promulgated the idea of proposing it for the county seat, is unknown. Some of the persons who lived in and near this town, were Moses Batterton, Jonathan Barton (cousin of Hon. David Barton), William Callaham, James Davis, Reuben and Eppa Elliott, Isaac Freeman, Benjamin Ferguson, James Fenton, William Goslin, Nicholas Gentry, Tyre Harris, Joseph M. Little, James and John Payne, William and Barnett Rowland, William Ryan, Peter Stivers,. 1 Properly spelled Perche. 176 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. « John Skinner, George and Isham Sexton, John Slack, Enoch Taylor, O. Babett, J. Teft't and Elisha Stanley. " In 1820 many reasons seemed to indicate that Persia would grow to be a thriving and populous town, but it obtained its maximum at fifteen or twenty houses, and after the location of the county seat at Columbia, gradually declined, till it sank from existence, and is now almost wrapt in oblivion. " The advertisement of a sale of lots in "Persia," which we copy from the Franklin Intelligencer of April 1, 1820, will be interesting reading : — THE TOWN OF PERSIA, Situated on the Rocher Perce Creek, on the main road leading from Franklin to St. 'Charles, about 28 miles from Franklin, and generally supposed to be in the centre of the contemplated county, in a rich and fertile tract of country, rapidly populating with wealthy and respectable citizens. The local advantages of this place are not sur- passed, perhaps, by any for a town in the territory — there being a number of never- failing springs; and the Rocher Perce contains a sufficient quantity of water to keep mills of any description in operation at any season of the year. Two of the proprie- tors will commence building a Saw and Grist Mill immediately, near the town, and a Bridge across the Creek. There will also be erected a Brewery, Distillery, Carding Machine, & Fulling Mill, which will certainly aid very much in facilitating the improve- ment of the town, as purchasers will be able to obtain materials for building cheaper than they can obtain them at any other place in the territory. The subscribers hope this will be an inducement to purchase and improve their lots at once. The proprietors of this towu do not wish to exhibit it on paper, for purposes of speculation, as is too frequently the case, but wish purchasers to improve their lots and realize their value. 50 LOTS will be given to Merchants, Mechanics, and persons wishing to improve in the above town, on stipulated terms, viz. : A lot out of each block, or in proportion to the num- ber of blocks in said town. On each corner lot a building, frame, brick or stone, not less than two stories high, and eighteen by twenty-live feet, which is to be enclosed by the 20th Sept. next. If of brick or stone, the body to be up by the 4th July next; if a frame, the frame to be erected by that time — and on each middle lot a comfort- able dwelling-house, not less than 18 feet square, of any kind of materials, to be finished by the 4th of July next. The Lots in the above town will be offered at PUBLIC SALE, on the premises, on the FOURTH OF JULY next — and at Franklin on the 10th. Terms of payment — one-tenth in three months from the day of sale, and the remain- der at the expiration of three years. g^=° A plot of the town may be seen at the town, and at the store of Stanley and Ludlow and the Printing Office, Franklin. O. BABBITT, J. TEFFT, E. STANLEY, N. PATTEN, Jr., Agents for the above Town. April 1, 1820. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 177 The " saw and grist mill" spoken of in the above was afterwards built and owned by Elisha Stanley. THE TOWN OF EOCHEPORT. E. W. Stephens, Assistant Editor of the Statesman, November 19, 1869: "The ground on which the town of Rocheport stands was originally obtained under a New Madrid certificate (the n-ature of which has been heretofore explained) by David Gray. It comprised a tract of 191.40 acres. It was afterwards sold by Gra}^ to William Kincheloe, who had possession of it but a brief period, when it was purchased b}'^ John Gray. The latter had resided upon the land prior to the date of purchase, and in 1821 obtained a license to run a ferry across the river at that point. About the same time a warehouse was established there, which was kept by Robert Hood. The locality was designated " The mouth of the Moniteau." " On March 2, 1825, one-third of this tract Avas sold by John Gray to Abraham Barnes, and one-third to Lemon Parker and John Ward, for $2,000. These persons immediately laid out a town there. The survey of the plat was made by our aged and much esteemed fellow citizen, William Shields.^ Arrangements having been perfected for a sale of lots, the following publication was made to that effect in the Intelligencer of September 2, 1825 : — TOWN OF KOCHEPOET. This town is situated on the Missouri River, at about an equal distance from Franklin ^and Columbia, at the mouth of the Grand Moniteau. Its site is not equalled by any on the Missouri from its mouth to Foi't Osage. Its harbor is very superior, having nearly half-a-mile of deep still water in front of the town, occasioned by bluff of rocks above, projecting into the river, which renders it perfectly secure for boats during the breaking up of ice. The tract is well watered, having several large springs of fine soft water. As it respects the advantages of this point for business, to those who have resided any time in Boon's Lick country nothing need be said, its superiority being generally acknowledged; but for the information of emigrants, who feel disposed to settle in or near a town of some promise, it may be proper to make a few remarks. The business of this section of country necessarily includes in some degree the expor- tation of its surplus produce ; and, as emigration ceases, and cultivation and improve- ments are extended, it will then constitute a considerable portion of our commerce. For a business of this kind, itssituation is peculiarly favorable, having in its rear the largest connected body of good country in the State, and its settlements, though good at present, are rapidly progressing, and of a wealthy and enterprising class. Its com- munication with the back country is easy and free from those difficulties which '^ Mr. Shields died in Columbia on September 7, 1870, aged 83 years. 12 178 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. generally exist with towns situated on the Missouri, viz., bad roads. In almost every direction, from this point, good roads are and may be had with but little labor. The traveller from St. Louis to Columbia, Boonville, Lexington, Liberty, or Fort Osage,, will no doubt shortly adopt the route by Rocheport, there crossing the Missouri, by- which he will save in distance ten or twelve miles, have a much better road, and avoid several creeks and extensive bottoms, which, in a wet time, much impede his progress on the old route. A good warehouse and ferry are already established at Rocheport, both of which are at present well supported. The title to the town tract is indisputable, the proprietors being in possession of the patent from the United States. LOTS will be offered for sale on the premises, on the seventeenth dmj of November next — and as it is the desire of the proprietors rather to promote improvement than to realize cash from the amount of sales, no lots will be sold except subject to certain improve- ments, to be made within eighteen months from purchase, say at least a log house eighteen by twenty feet on each lot. To merchants or mechanics, who wish to become settlers and make extensive improvements, donations of lots will be made. A bond will be given to purchasers to make a warrantee, and so soon as the purchase money- shall be paid. Six and twelve months will be given on sales. THE PROPRIETORS. September 2, 1825. "Judge John Vanhorn was the agent for the proprietors of the town in the sale of lots. The one-third part of this tract owned by John Gray after his sale of the two-thirds to Barns, Ward and Parker, was sold by him to Joshua Newbrough, on September 6, 1828, for $700, from whom it was purchased on December 15, 1832, by William Gaw and Lemon Parker for $1,300. " The adaptiveness of Rocheport as a shipphig point, and the rich: country surrounding it, attracted immediate notice from emigrants. Very soon storehouses were established by Caleb Harris, John G.. Philips, Brewster, and others, a tavern by Thomas Hudson, and several private dwelling houses. Rocheport soon promised to be one- of the largest towns on the Missouri, and to rival, if not surpass, Columbia in trade and population. Indeed, it Avas only the central position, capital, and indomitable energy of the latter that subsequently prevented it." THE SHOOTING MATCH. Our pioneer civilization was characterized by athletic and other sports. Some of them were more or less rude, but all of them com- paratively innocent and calculated to develop the traits of character held in esteem by the people. Wrestling, foot-racing, fishing, hunt- HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 17^ ing, ball and marble-playing, and shooting at targets may bo men- tioned as among the recreations of the period. Some of these have not passed away with our pioneer civilization, but have come down to the more advanced conditions of refinement and culture which characterize our times. Others, however, have gone into disuse and are unknown to the younger portion of this gen- eration. Among these is the shooting match, which was a ver}^ popu- lar recreation with the early settlers of the West, and very frequently called them together on Saturday afternoon as a befitting and pleasant termination of the labors and business of the week. It was popularly called " shootin«: for beef," and is well described in the following' article from the Franklin Intelligencer, Sept. 2, 1825 : — For the Intelligencer.] THE SHOOTING MATCH. Among the sports which the Western freemen engage in during their hours of relaxa- tion, the shooting match holds the first place. In a republic where regular soldier* are held in such indifferent estimation that they abandon the hope of uniform goodi treatment, it is important that every citizen prepare himself for the high destiny of self-defence. To establish the truth of this position, we have only to refer to the for- tunes of Generals Lafayette and Wilkinson — both officers of the Kevolution — the former a foreigner, the latter a native citizen. Their services have been as nearly equal as it is possible to conceive. Each staked his all for our country. The former was an adventurer, the latter a patriot. The hrst comes to our shores to receive our embraces and our bounty, and deservedly, too, while the last is doomed to exile — to seek an humble grave in a foreign land, after enjoying the stranger's donation for ai brief period. I will mention no more instances of neglect, although they occur to me by hundreds, less I am deemed ill-natured, but solace myself witli-Wie belief that there will never be found men enough in this republic to increase our army establishment, who will so far disgrace themselves as to become the mercenaries of a government that will look with indifference on them when age or infirmities shall have unfitted them for usefulness. It is with proud satisfaction then, that we turn to the indepen- dent yeomen, whose pastime fits them to defend their native soil without hope of reward, or fear of degradation. Though Missourians inhabit a remote section of the Union, they claim to hold those unerring rifles that will, when our country shall un- happily need them, be truly aimed " in the front of the battle." Besides field sports in a new country where game is abundant, shooting matches on almost every Saturday evening, tend to perfect our riflemen in the use of their hair- splitting weapons. Many of these guns are so unpromising in appearance that one of them might be mistaken for a crowbar tied to a hand-spike ; but when in the hands of a marksman, its value is ascertained. At our shooting match for beef, a steer is divided into five parts, and the hide and tallow is termed the fifth quarter. This last is the most valuable, and it is for the fifth quarter that the most skilful marksmen contend. The shots are generally so thickly planted about the centre of the target as to require great scrutiny in determining the conquerors — the "fifth quarter winner," "second 180 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. choice," etc. When this is known, great exultation is not unusual, but the winners sometimes betray a little vanity in bestowing encomiums on their rifles; and there are few who are not polite enough to attribute their success to the excellence of their arms. If the gunsmith be .present, he is not a little flattered by his acknowledgment of his skill. Many of the most distinguished guns acquire names of most fearful import, by which they are known in sporting circles, and small bets are sometimes made on "Black Snake," " Cross Bunter." " Hair Splitter," " Blood Letter," and "Panther Cooler." In short, there are very few of our rifles that would not put to shame the arrow that sent a messenger "toPliilip's eye." I am likewise disposed to believe that if "Natty Bumpo" himself were to attend one of our shooting matches "for beef," he might stake his last ninepence to no purpose. MOSS BUCKET. INDIAN TROUBLES ON THE CHARITON. It can hardly be im^agined at this day that, as late as the summer of 1829, eio'ht years from the admission of the State into the Union, and thirteen j^ears after the organization of Howard County, serious troubles occurred with hostile Indians so near the centre of civilization as on the Avaters of Chariton, in the county of Randolph. Never- theless, it is historically true that in June, 1829 a roving band of lowas, Sioux and Winnebago Indians made an attack on a settlement in the region mentioned, killing three white citizens — John Myers, James Winn and Powell Owensby, and wounding several others. The news of these depredations set the country ablaze, and in a short time armed volunteers from Howard, Boone and Callaway counties, num- berino" in the ao:gregate more than a thousand men, concentrated at the point of danger. Those from Howard County were under the command of Col. Major Horner, the father of our fellow-citizen John P. Horner. All descriptions of citizens in each of the counties mentioned flew to arms with alacrity, amongst others, in Howard County, Col. Benj. H. Reeves, late Lieutenant-Governor, and father of Mrs. Abiel Leonard ; Gen. I. P. Owens, Abiel Leonard, John B. Clark, Samuel Moore, Sinclair Kirtley — the last four lawyers — and Drs. William Jewell and Alexander M. Robinson, of Columbia. About two hundred volunteers went from Boone County, under the leader- ship of Rev. James Suggett, who had hitherto been engaged in the Indian wars of the country, and Capt. Overton Harris. The company from Callaway was commanded by Capt. Allen. On the arrival of these forces at the headwaters of the Chariton, Avhere the engagement had occurred, it was found that some ten or twelve Indians had been killed ; that Myers and Owensby had been killed HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 181 and scalped, and that nothing remamed of Winn except his hands and feet, he having been burned by the Indians. They were decently interred, and the vohmteers formed an encamp- ment to await the arrival of other companies and instructions from Gov. John Miller in regard to ulterior movements. To expedite the receipt of these instructions Robert W. Wells, Attorney-General of the State, who had accompanied the force from Fayette, was deputed to go to Jefferson City to see the Governor. Before his return, how- ever, Mr. Reed, of Howard County, arrived as an express from the Governor with instructions that all the men, except one hundred, should return to their homes. Whereupon the companies from Boone and Callaway reluctantly departed. These instructions were given because two hundred United States troops, on board the steamer Crusader, were enroute to Fi-anklin, thence to the scene of trouble. Gen. Henry Leavenworth,^ for greater expedition, left St. Louis in the stage, ari"ived at Fayette in due time, and departed at once for Liberty. ' This martial array proved a regular fiasco, for no Indians were discovered, and no apprehension of further trouble being enter- tained, their swords were turned into pruning hooks and their spears into ploughshares, and the troops, regular and volunteer, returned. THE SANTA FE TRADE. From about 1820 to 1835 the Santa Fe trade was a o-reat interest in the Boonslick country, and in its prosecution a large amount of capital and caravans' of armed traders were employed. Franklin was the commercial centre and starting point of this trade. Dry goods and notions were transported in wagons drawn by teams of horses or mules to Santa Fe, and there exchanged for specie, Spanish mules, buffalo robes, etc. These expeditions were attended by manv hardships and privations and dangers from hostile Indians. To be prepared against the latter, the companies of traders were, in fact, companies of armed soldiers, prepared to protect the caravans. 1 Gen. Leavenworth was born in New Haven, Connecticut, December 10, 1783, ant! died near the False Wachita, July 21, 1834. His remains were interred, in the grave- yard at Delhi, N. Y., where there is a marble monument, twelve feet high, erected to Ms memory. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, was named in honor of him. 182 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. Many and bloody were the encounters which they experienced, and some of the most enterprising and well-known citizens of this region of the State lost their lives by the Indian rifle, tomahawk or arrow. The following article will give some idea of this trade, and cannot fail to interest all of our readers : — SANTA FE. [From the Fayette Intelligencer, May 2, 1828.] The town of Franklin, as also our own villaa;e, presents to the eye of the beholder a busy, bustling and commercial scene, in buying, selling and packing goods, practis- ing mules, &c., &c., all preparatory to the starting of the great spring caravan to Santa Fe. A great number of our fellow-citizens are getting ready to start, and will be off in the course of a week, on a trading expedition. We have not the means of knowing how many persons will start in the first company, but think it probable the number will exceed 150, principally from this and the adjoining counties. They generally pur- chase their outfits from the merchants here at from 20 to 30 per cent, advance on the Philadelphia prices, and calculate on making 40 to 100 per cent, upon their purchases. They will generally return in the fall. We suppose the amount which will be taken from this part of the country this spring will not, perhaps, fall much short of $100,000 at the invoice prices. We wish them a safe and profitable trip, a speedy return to their families and homes in health, and that they may long live to enjoy the profits of their long and fatiguing journey of nearly 1,000 miles through prairies, inhabited only by savages and wild beasts. CHAPTER III. HISTORY FROM 1830 TO 1840. Election returns from 1830 to 1840 — Fourth of July celebration in Columbia in 1831 — First Hanging in Boone County — Samuel Samuel, alias Samuel Earls, hung for murder, December 13, 1831 — The Black Hawk war — Boone County's participation in it — Court Martial for the trial of Gen. Benjamin Means — Washington Irving visits Columbia — Population of Boone County in 1832 — -Pioneer Theatre — Finan- cial statement of Columbia, 1833 — Stars, Stars, Stars — A Meteoric Phenomenon — l"'irst paper mill west of the Mississippi — Bingham, " the Missouri artist" — First Agricultural Fair in Missouri — Trial of Conway for the murder of Israel B. Grant — The Florida war — Boone County's Soldiers in it — Capt. John Ellis' Company — Battle of 0-kee-cho-bee and Death of Col. Gentry — The Mormon War, 1880. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY 183 ELECTION, 1830. * Those thus marked were elected. SENATORS. s a O u 03 O O to O o P5 3 o ^William Jewell Richard Grentrv .%6 308 85 19 81 64 83 44 33 41 600 473 Total 1,073 631 Representatives in Legislature. ■no 394 392 228 266 255 117 400 139 105 36 83 64 41 70 24 21 7 78 20 6 84 73 103 60 64 43 17 46 25 74 1 20 17 63 48 45 42 13 41 23 22 34 40 83 29 33 33 7 47 18 6 1 1 *Daniel P. Wilcox 588 *Wra. S. Burch *Tyre Harris Jesse T. Wood 632 435 432 *Peter Wright 394 161 meriff. *Tliomas C. Maupin 612 Peter Kerney 225 213 38 1 2 Total 1,090 William Jewell was elected State Senator ; John B. Gordon, Daniel P. Wilcox and William S. Burch, Representatives, and Thomas C. Maupin, Sheriff. ELECTION, 1831. Eepresentatives iisr Congress, Aug. 4, 1831. a S 3 'o O s o 00 a3 o o 3 o 351 346 236 244 40 34 55 63 31 68 14 37 89 23 460 "^^Spencer Pettis 480 On November 7, 1831, there was a special election for Representative to Congress to fill vacancy occasioned by death of Spencer Potti?. Robert W Wells 306 •* William H. Ashley 335 ELECTION, 1832. Senators — *John Bull J)aniel Dunklin 364 130 5 2 92 21 10 1 128 51 1 70 38 24 21 678 261 (Stephen Dorris 16 .John T. Smith "... 3 Total 958 184 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. ELECTION, 1832 — Continued. Lieutenant-Governor - *James McClelland. Lilburn W. Bo^iis... Total. 471 38 117 6 159 17 79 26 39 4 865 91 956 Representative in Congress — *Wm. H. Ashley Eobert W. Wells James H. Birch , Total. 381 91 130 54 22 151 35 1 53 53 26 678- 318 1 997 Representatives in Legislature *John B. Gordon *01iver Parker *Tyre Harris Richard Grentry Jesse T. Wood". ,. Henry Cave 387 76 154 36 24 345 90 126 56 28 282 79 89 75 18 262 66 105 53 31 165 37 62 54 19 117 23 25 59 36 677 645 543 517' 337 260' ELECTION, 1833. Representatives in Congress — *John Bull 272 158 25 31 8 40 26 50 16 7 8 3 23 29 4 3 1 13 18 15 397 George Shannon 247 James H. Birch 51 George F. Strother 42 George C. Sihlev 12 Total 749 ELECTION, 1834. Senators — William Jewell *Alex. M. Robinson 348 271 104 121 98 122 74 101 52 82 676 697 Total 1,373 1 Representatives in Legislature *John B. Gordon ^Sinclair Kirtley ^Thomas C. Maupin , Tyre Harris John Henderson Jesse B. Dale , Lawrence Bass *Austin A. Kinir 427 100 144 65 62 470 146 91 98 91 552 197 181 143 119 329 78 70 102 50 109 12 98 35 2 124 45 127 69 16 114 116 31 54 48 302 154 126 111 80 798 896 1,192 629 256 381 363 780 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY 185 AUGUST 8, 1835. REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS. *Wm. H. Ashley 513 391 224 218 97 60 32 33 113 71 40 27 78 57 53 56 39 31 19 17 840 James H. Birch 610 George F. Strother 368 Albert G. Harrison 351 Total 2,169 AUGUST 8, 1836. REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS. *James H. Birch 686 I Albert G. Harrison 607 George F. Strother 12 Total 2,365 Samuel. 0. Owens 641 John Miller 519 *Winiam H, Ashley GOVERNOR. ... 827|Lilburn W. Boggs 444 Total l,27t LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR. *James Jones 749IF. Concannon 436. Total 1,183 REPRESENTATIVES IN LEGISLATURE. *John B. Gordon 774 *Thomas C. Maupin 813 Austin A. King , 663 William S.Burch 129 *Michael Woods 729 *Arch W.Turner 784 Thomas D. Grant 637 Ben. F. Eobinson , 393- NOVEMBER 7, 1836. Special election of Kepresentative in Legislature caused by the death of Michael Woods- *Austin A. King 630IWilliam Jewell 547 Total 1 177 AUGUST 8, 1838. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. ^Beverly Allen , 944|John Wilson 938 John Miller 510|Albert G. Harrison 513 Total ^ 2 905 SENATORS. *Thomas C. Maupin 950|*Arch. W. Turner 931 William H. Duncan 519|john Slack 492 186 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. REPRESENTATIVES IN LEGISLATURE. *David M. Hickman 997 ^John B. Gordon 792 Tyre Harris '. 829 Lawrence Bass 530 *James S. Rollins 1,008 *Alex. Persinger ' 857 George B. Wilcox 674 NOVEMBER 6, 1839. Special election for Eepresentative in Congress occasioned by the death of Albert G. Harrison. ^Thornton Grimsly. 391I.Iohn Jamison 223 Total 614 1830. —Population of Boone County 8,859 FOURTH OF JULY AT COLUMBIA. [Intelliigencer, July 9, 1831.] A large number of the citizens of Columbia and its vicinity assem- bled on the 4th mst., at Capt. David Gordon's spring, for the pur- pose of celebrating the fifty-sixth anniversary of our independence. An oration was delivered by Calvin L. Perry, Esq., after which the company sat down to a dinner provided for the occasion. At the conclusion of the repast, owmg to the mclemency of the weather, the company adjourned to the court-house. The Rev. John Greenlagh was appointed president of the day ; Doctor A. M. Robinson, vice- president and A. A. King and William Cornelius, secretaries. The following toasts were then drank : — 1. The day we celebrate. — Pre-eminent in story! The destroyers of nations are astonished at the magnanimity of the deed ! This glorious epoch will ever stand as a memorial of a nation's enfran- chisement, and the resplendent talents and virtues of a land of heroes. m 2. The Declaration of Independence. — No instrument ever delin- eated the rights of man more clearly. Whilst virtue prevails, it will stand as a memento of the purity and magnaminity of the patriots and heroes who formed and maintained it. 3. The Signers of the Declaration of Independence. — The apostles of liberty ; willing to become martyrs in its cause. 4. George Washijigton. 5. The Departed Heroes and Sages of the Revolution. — Conse- HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 187 ■crated in the affections of the American people hy the estimable legacy bequeathed them, of liberty founded on reason, and secured by written Constitutions. 6. Thomas Jefferson. — -The patriotic statesman and virtuous sage — the fruits of his labors are not only the inheritance of the American people, but of all nations. 7. Benjamin Franklin. — Philosophy justly chxims him as her dis- ciple and ornament. The present and future generations will revere his virtues. 8. General Lafayette. — Tyrants be mute! envy hold thy peace! his glor}^ cannot be sullied ! continents claim him as their defender, and liberty as its invincible champion. 9. The President of /he United States of America. 10. The Ex-Presidents of the United States. — Long, arduously, and successfully have you devoted your services in behalf of your country and tl^e great principles of civil and religious liberty. It is an animating reflection that the influence of your example will extend to your successors. 11. The Constitution of the United States. — The grand depository of American happiness : To watch and guard with an untiring and patriotic vigilance, is the first of duties ; but in construing its pro- visions let us be governed by a spirit of justice and candor. 12. Union of the States. — The fruits of the toils, wisdom and blood of the patriots and sages of the Revolution cement it ; he who rejects this inheritance, barters his richest birthright for a mess of pottage. * 13. Education. — As knowledge is justly conceived to be the basis of public happiness, the promotion of science and literature is conse- quently the surest guarantee of a free, efficient and equal government. 14. The Supreme Court of the United States.— The splendid talents and legal acquirements of this tribunal afi'ord just grounds for national pride. The security which it gives and the equal justice which it administers, entitles it to the confidence of the American people. 15. Political Parties. — Whilst man is admitted to be fallible, ' union of opinion on all subjects cannot be expected. But as the union of our government constitutes us one people, our interests are insep- arable. It is, therefore, wise and prudent to reject all personal and :seotional animosities in our political views and measures. 188 HISTOKY OF BOONE COUNTY. 16. Agincultural Commerce and Manufactures. — These are the great resources on which are founded the power, energy and prosper- ity of nations. 17. The American Navy. — The independence and commercial pros- perity of the nation essentially depend on its organization being ample. The patriotic spirit of our seamen will vindicate the honor and rights of our country and its flag from insult and aggression. 18. Poland. — Ill-fated nation! Your heroism, your invincible love of liberty, entitle you to success. The most devout wishes of every patriotic j)hilanthropist under heaven are with you. 19. The South American Republics. — We deem the constitutional principlej and^representative government, as essential to the inde- pendence and prosperity of a nation. We cherish the pleasing hope that this'.will be the reward of your toils and dangers. 20. Greece. — The Ottoman no longer tramples on the grave of Leonidas. 21. C hristopher Columbus. — " The first who dared to brave The unknown wonders of the western wave." Ever held in grateful remembrance by the American people. 22. John Adams. — His revolutionar}^ services will ever entitle him to the gratitude of the American people. 23. The State of Missouri. — Blessed with all the resources neces- sary to her prosperity. 24. TJie American Fair. — Their bosoms are the pure sanctuaries of honor, fidelity and truth. The far-famed Caucasus can exhibit nothing [more lovelyjto the eye of taste, and the character of the Roman|and Grecian matron is not more perfect and desirable. 25. The Orator of tlie Day. — [Mr. Perry rose and returned his thanks for the honor done, and offered as a toast]. The Citizens of Boone County .— AWko, distinguished for their patriotism^and their hospitality. VOLUNTEERS. By the Vice-President. — The Constitution of the United States. The atlas of the Federal Union, patriots formed and patriots will maintain it. By A. A. King. — The heroes and sages of the Revolution. While we drink of the cup of liberty and eat of the bread of independence. HISTORY or BOONE COUNTY. 189 the recollection of their glorious achievements shall furnish the most grateful part of the repast. By Williain Cornelius. — Lafoyette, Kosciusko, Steuben, Pulaski, and DeKalb — Americans will forever admire their disinterested love of liberty, and feel grateful for their efficient services. By R. JSr. 2odd. — The Union : May it never be severed by politi- cal discord. By Peter Kerney. — Daniel O'Connell, the Irish orator: May he be as successful in putting down kings and princes, as he is powerful in defending the rights of the Irish people. By James 8 . Rollins. — The American Constitution : The most stupendous and glorious edifice of liberty that has ever been created upon the foundation of human integrity in any age or country. By R. S. Barr. — Domestic Manufacturers, like an infant, re- quires nursing : a nation giving the proper protection secures in time all articles necessary to her comfort at a cheaper rate than she can obtain them from foreigners, and thereby renders herself independent. By W.K. Van ArsclaU. — Domestic Manufacturers should be en- couraged but not to the aggrandizement of one section of the Union and to the destruction of another. By E . Robert. — Henry Clay, the luminary of the world : May the splendor of his genius never cease to emit its radiance while the wheels of time are moved by the force of rationality. By James T. Tilton. — The County of Boone : her standing in the State is as America to the nations of the world. By Br. James M. Moss. — Bank of the United States : As a me- dium of exchange, relative value, and general usefulness to all classes and all callings, this institution is unparalleled ; the question therefore to abolish it, is one involving the highest national interest and requir- ing the most solemn deliberation. By J. (J . Boggs. — The Constitution formed by the statesmen of '76 — better than we can do — let it stand. By Dr. James H. Bennett. — Henry Clay : May March 1833 make him President of this nation, not of a party. By J. Osborne. — Gen. Andrew Jackson — the soldier of the Kevolution,^ the victorious commander in the late war — he is now de- servedly enjoying the highest honors in the gift of a free people. 1 Wishing our readers enliglitened on the subject, we shall take it as a favor if Mr. O., will please to recapitulate the exploits or services of General Jackson during the " Eevolution." — Editor. 190 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. By M. JSFeale. — Rotation in offices, the advice of our President r May it be strictly adhered to. By O. L. Ferry.— The 4th of March, 1801, and the 4th of March, 1829 : " then were the winters of our discontent made glorious summer's morn." By W. K. Van Arsdall. — Internal improvements in the interior of the States — they are the only legitimate authority to conduct them. By Wm. Cornelius. — Henry Chiy, the Union, Internal Improve- ment, Domestic Manufacturers, the United States Bank, and real Reform. By J. M. T/mrston. — The State of Missouri : her soil fertile, her climate salubrious, and her people prosperous and happ}^ By a Guest. — The Ladies: In war our arms their protection — in peace their arms our refuge. The festivities of the day were concluded by a ball at Mr. McClel- lan's Hotel. THE FIRST LEGAL HANGING IN BOONE COUNTY. The first man hung in Boone County for murder, was Samuel Samuels, whose true name was Samuel Earls, and it occurred on the loth day of December, 1831. The place of execution was a small field or clearing north of the present grounds of Christian College and south of Trices' Nursery, and east of the Columbia and Blackfoot turnpike, and at a spot about one hundred yards northeast of the James M. Long house, now occupied by George E. Allgier as a residence. The murder occurred in New London, Ralls County, early on Sun- day morning, December 6, 1829. The citizen murdered was Charles B. Rouse, and the case was called in the Boone Circuit Court, June term, 1830, by a change of venue. David Todd, judge; Roger N. Todd, clerk; Thos C. Maupin, sheriff". It was continued from time to time until the June term of 1831, when it was tried before the following jury : — Henry Andersou, Eolly Asbury, Anthony Ousley, John Austin, John Hopper, John Henderson, James R. Woods, James Kirtley, Wm. McClain, Asa Stone, Wni. Nichols, John Eaulliner. After a full hearing of the case the prisoner was convicted and sen- tenced, June 13, 1831, to be hung on Friday, July 8, next ensuing, on which day, in the language of a newspaper of the time, " an im- HISTORY OF BOONE COUKTY. 191 mense collection of people of all sexes and all colors" assembled to witness the execntion. On that morning, however, a respite from the' Governor, John Miller, reached the sheriff, postponing the execution until December 13th, 1831, in order that the Supreme Court might have an opportunity to decide certain points of law appealed to them. (See 3d Mo. Reports (Ilouck), page 42.) He was hung on the day named, and, under the escort of a small armed guard, was taken to the place of execution in a cart drawn by a yoke of oxen. The sheriff (Maupin) then lived on a farm on the Two-Mile Prairie, east of town, and the cart and oxen belonged to him. His negro man, Adam, drove them to Columbia that morning, and to the gallows. The hanging was according to the old style, a strangulation, for the culprit stood in the cart body, the cart at a signal being driven from under him. He protested his innocence to the last. The evidence on the trial showed that for about a year previous to the murder of Rouse there had existed a bitter feud between Rouse and his friends and a number of other persons residing in and near New London. This feud finally culminated in the unfortunate killing by Rouse of a 3^onng man b}^ the name of Purdam, who had attached himself to and took an active part with the party opposed to Rouse. For this homicide Rouse was indicted, tried and acquitted. This re- sult inflamed to a greater degree the virulence of the friends of Purdam, which, reacting upon the opposing faction, increased the rancor and violence of both. It was during this condition of affairs that Samuel Samuel, alias Earls, appeared upon the scene. He came to New London from St. Louis, a stranger, apparently without money or friends. He did not know, nor does it appear from the testimony that he liad ever spoken to Rouse, and the belief prevailed among the friends of Rouse that some one or more of the opposing faction had picked him up in St. Louis, brought him to New London, and hired him to commit the murder. At all events, apparently without motive, ex- cept as stated, and wholly without provocation, early on the morn- ing of the homicide, he secreted himself in an old warehouse in the rear of Boardman's store, and through a hole, seemingly made for the purpose, shot Rouse with a rifle, while he was standing in the porch of Caldwell's tavern. The ball entered the deceased just be- low the left nipple, and passing entirely through the body, wounded a man by the name of Saunders, who was standing near Rouse. 192 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY, After receiving the shot Kouse never spoke, and died in a few minutes. After the murder, Samuel, alias Earls, fled and concealed himself in a cave in the Salt Elver hills, in Kails County. A vs^oman who daily carried food to him was tracked in the snow, and thus be- trayed his hiding place, and he was arrested, tried, convicted and executed, as above stated. Earls was about sixty years of age, and was defended on the trial by Thomas L. Anderson, of Palmyra, a'nd by John B. Gordon, Austin A. King, Wm. K. Van Arsdall and Benjamin F. Robinson, of Columbia. Mr. Anderson is a distin- o-uished citizen of Palmyra, yet living. Mr. Gordon was the father of Boyle, Wellington and Carey H. Gordon, of Columbia, Mo. Mr. King was subsequently Governor and a member of Congress. Mr. Robinson is the father of the present prosecuting attorney of Boone County, J. De W. Robinson. The prisoner was prosecuted by the attorney-general of the State, Robert W. Wells, of Jefferson City. All of the jury, and all others connected with the trial, are dead, except Mr. Maupin, the sheriff, who now lives in Ysleta, El Paso County, Texas, at the advanced age of eighty-five ; Mr. Anderson, of Palmyra, Mo., and Mr. B. F.^ Robinson, who resides near Dallas, Texas. Earls was buried under the gallows, and no doubt his remains re- pose on the spot to this day. Wm. E. Wright, our present county surveyor, then a small boy, was present on July 8, to witness the execution, and, with others, was sadly disappointed and in no very amiable mood, because it did not occur. He did not attend when it did take place ; but Robert L. Todd, now cashier of the Exchange National Bank of Columbia, then a little boy, witnessed it, and for the purpose of doing so, rode to the grounds on a horse and behind John R. Bedford, who stood him up before him on the horse's neck, and held him that he might see the hanging. Maj. N. W. Wilson was one of the guard. THE BLACK HAAVK WAR. " Switzler's History of Missouri" says the Black Hawk War oc- curred during the year 1832 — called "The Black Hawk War" be- cause the Indians engaged in it were led by a brave, often called a chief, by the name of Black Hawk.^ He cannot rank in intelligence 1 " Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah," or Black Hawk. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 193 or heroism with Poutiiic or Tecumseh, for he showed no special intel- lectual power ; was simply a desperate savage, and fought only for revenge. In 1832 several tribes on the northwestern frontier who had made common canse with the British in 1812, became restless and appeared bent on hostilities. These tribes were the Sacs, Foxes and Winnebago^s. After the peace of 1815 they maintained their intercourse with the British in Canada, the conseqnence of which was, the influence over them by the United States was greatly weakened. In fact, in 1816, Bhick Hawk, having gathered around him a small band ot" disaffected spirits, refused to attend the negotiations of that year, went to Canada, proclaimed himself a British subject, and re- ceived presents from that quarter. They were, therefore, in no state of mind to recognize the obliga- tions of the treaties of 1815, 1822 and 1825, or properly to appre- . Miss Susan Kuykendall. — Night. Miss Mary Prewitt. — Stability of Character. Miss Martha M. Goode. — Eloquence of Nature. Dialogue. — U\ss D. E. Todd, World of Mind; Miss C. F. Todd, World of Matter; Miss A. J. Hardin, Laws which Govern Them. Dialogue. — Miss M. Harrison, Gi'eece; Miss J. Price, Egypt; Miss M. Ewing, Chinese Empire; Miss A. Vanhorn, America. Dialogue. — MX^s, Fannie Law, Frost; Miss M. M. Goode, Fire; Miss S. Howard, Water. The delivery of an appropriate and well-written address by Rev. J. L. Yantis, closed the exercises of the evening. It is impossible to describe or estimate the beneficent and elevating influences of this early institution of learning on the women of Colum- HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 229 bia and Boone County, and through them on the people at hxrge. It did much not only to educate in science and art and in the accom- plishments of cultivated society, the young ladies who attended it, but in elevating and strengthening the moral tone of the people, and in preparing them for the higher achievements in educational enter- prises which have since that period so distinguished our county. But for Bonne Femme and Columbia Colleges we probably never would have had the State University and Agricultural College, and but for Columbia Female Academy, Stephens and Christian Colleges would have been above the ambition and beyond the grasp of our people. CHAPTEE Y. HISTORY (^ THE STATE UNIVERSITY. Erom 1818 to its Dedication, July 4, 1843 — Acts of Congress of 1818, 1820 and 1827 in regard to the Seminary Lands — Provisions of tlie State Constitution — Donation of ten acres by tlie Commissioners to locate the town of Columbia in 1821 for a Uni- versity site — Beneficent influence of Columbia College and Columbia Female Acad- emy — Rev. E. P. Lovejoy's observations on Columbia in 1834 — Legislation by the General Assembly from 1828 to 1843 — Austin A. King's resolutions in the Legisla- ture, November 21, 1836 — List of Seminary lands selected and where situated — The Legislature of 1838-39 provides for the location of the University in Cole, Cooper, Saline, Howard, Boone, or Callaway counties — Commissioners Appointed — The contest in Boone and other counties to secure the location — Law of Congress of 1831 authorizing the sale of the Seminary lands — In 1838 the Auditor makes report of their sale — A Combination in Jackson County prevents their sale at their value — The first Board of Curators — Boone County subscription — Complete list of sub- scribers — Boone County secures the University, June 24, 1839 — The first meeting of the first Board of Curators, October 7, 1839 — The site of the University edifice selected — Contracts made for its erection, and the corner-stone laid July, 4, 1840 — The Ceremonies— Rev. John C. Young, D. D. elected president October 28, 1839— Dr. Young, declining, John H. Lathrop was elected October 29, 1840 — His letter of ac- ceptance — He delivers a public address in the Union Church, and enters on the duties of his office March 1, 1841, in Columbia College Building. CUKATORS OF THE UNIVERSITY. The following comprises a full and complete list of the names of all the curators from the first board in 1839, to the last in 1882, and the year of their appointment. Some of them have been reappointed a number of times and have had long years of service, but this list only shows the year in which they were first appointed : — 230 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 1839. —Thomas M. Allen, Eli E. Bass, M. M. Marmaduke. Gabriel Tutt, John T. A. Henderson, Wm. Scott, George C. Hart, John J. Lowry, Robert W. Wells, Rowland Hughes, Irvin O. Hockaday, Thomas West, Wm. Lientz, Priestly H. McBride. 1840. — Thomas D. Grant, William Shields, Dr. George Penn, Warren Woodson, Anthony W. Rollins, Dr. Wm. H. Duncan. 1841. — R. S. Thomas, Dr. Gustavus M. Bower, James W. Mor- row, John Slack, George W. Huston, B. B. Brown, Caleb S. Stone. 1842.— John Ellis. 1843. — William A. Robards, Joseph Carpenter, Wm. G. Minor. 1844.— Peter Wright. 1845. — Alexander Persinger, Moss Prewitt, John H. Lathrop, ex officio. 1846.— Gov. John C. Edwards, F. K. Martin, Secretary of State; P. G. Glover, Treasurer; J. R. McDearman, Auditor, ex officio; Alexander H. Robinson, Allen B. Orear. 1847. — James L. Matthews, James S. Rolliiis. 1849. —Addison M. Lewis, F. R. Palmei^^Dr. T. R. H. Smith, H. C. Dunn, Dr. W. J. McElhaney, J. A. Brown, Alton Long, Robert Brown, C. J. Hughes, John Corby, W. D. McCracken, James A. Clark, James Ellison, William Claude Jones. 1850. — Lewis W. Robinson. 1851. — Henry Fulbright, Daniel Patten, James L. Minor, Henry F. Garey, Nelson C. Orear. 1853. —George W. Hough, Dr. Joseph Chew, W. G. Eliot, John B. Clark, Sr., of Howard, R. G. Roberts, Henry Slack. 1854. — C. A. Hayden. 1856. — George L. Pollard, Dr. Henry W. Cross, Major Horner, Charles P. Bullock, Wm. C. Price, Charles L. Rogers, Calvin F. Burns, Wm. E. Brady. 1857. —Peter S. Wilkes, George H. Hall, Wm. A. Seay. 1858. — Michael Bright, Wm. B. Starke, Samuel A. Richardson. John A. Snell, John D. S. Dryden. 1859. — ^ John W. Harris, A. S. Walker, James T. Campbell, Hiram Blacklege. I860.— Ira Divoll, Wm. H. Allen, A. W. Flournoy, P. R. Smith, Robert A. Hatcher, I. W. Boulware, Willard P. Hall, F. M. Cockrell, J. D. Hill, Robert L. Todd, J. W. Tucker, J. H. Halley, A. W. Doniphan, Joseph J. Brady, David H. Hickman, Samuel Treat, who resigning, Hugh Campbell was appointed in his place, but declined to HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 231 qualify, not having resided in the State two years as required by law. 1862. — Dr. M. R. Arnold, James H. Birch, Odon Guitar, P. B. Locke, Mordecai Oliver, Sample Orr, Francis T. Russell, Thomas B. Read, George O. Yeiser, John F. Philips, W. S. Mosely. 1863. — W. A. Gibson, Ferd. Overstolz, Wm. Carter, James H. Moss, John B. Clark, Sr., of Dade county. 1864. — S. M. Breckenridge, Rev. Henry A. Nelson, Elijah Perry, Bernard Poepping, A. A. Matthews, James McWilliams, John R. Weaver, Rev. George W. Longan, Thompson J. Kelly, Dr. Franklin Cooley, Lemuel Dunn, Leonidas M. Lawson, Bennett Pike, Dr. George L. Hewitt, Alexander McMurtree, James H. Robinson, Michael M. Robinson, Hiram Philips. 1865. — Enos Clark, John W. Sutherland, Francis Kellerman, James Lindsay, E. F. Esteb, Gusta.ve Bruiere, Charles E. Leonard, John P. Clark, Edward L. King, Rev. L. M. Vernon. T. A. Sher- wood, Rev. D. A. McReady, Alex. F. Denny. 1866. — Joseph D. Keebeaugh, James Love. 1867. — John W. Matthias, J. M. Woods, Andrew J. Shepard, James H. Baker, George R. Smith, Theo. S. Case, A. J. Barr, Phile- mon Bliss, Benjamin Northcott, Eugene Williams, Paul Hubbard, A. J. Conant, James M. Martine. 1868.— Edward Wyman, W. C. Mattison, G. A. Moser, C. P. Townsley. 1869. — Orville S. Read, Wm H. McLane, Wm. W. Orrick, James H. Kerr, James S. Rollins. 1870. — Henry T. Mudd, George W. Kinney, James Moore, George Husmann, Barnabas Smith. 1871. — J. W. Barrett, Norman J. Colman, Dr. Wm. S. Dyer, Wm. T. Essex, Rev. John D. Viucil, J. F. Wielandy, Samuel G. Williams, John E. Worth, W. F. Switzler. 1872.— Henry Smith. 1873.— Alex. M. Dockery, John F. Bush, Jerry C. Cravens, C. P. Jones, Joshua LaDue, Walter T. Lenoir, Wm. Starke, Edwin W. Stephens. 1874. — H. Clay Ewing, Squire Turner, Martin L. Clardy, George M. Jones. 1875. — John S. Clarkson, John Hinton, Dr. William Glenn, Dr. Samuel H. Headlee, John E. Hutton, John A. Flood, Robert F. Lakenan, Luther T. Collier. 232 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 1876 — John A. Hockaday, A. W. Lamb. 1877 — Dr. H. H. Middelcamp, John D. Perry. 1878 — Joseph K. Eogers, Wm. H. Lackland. 1879 — Charles C. Bland, John Walker. 1880 — A. M. Millard. 1882 — John R. Estill, James E. Lincoln. Entered. 1839 1840 1843 1843 1848 1850 1853 1856 i860 1864 1865 1870 PRESIDENTS OE THE BOARD. William Scott, deceased . Thomas M. Allen, deceased John Slack, deceased Warren Woodson, deceased Caleb S. Stone, deceased . E. E. Palmer, deceased Caleb S. Stone, deceased . P. H. McBride, deceased . Wm. H. Allen Thomas M. Allen, deceased Moss Prewitt, deceased James S. Rollins, LL. D., still in office. Retired. 1840 1843 1843 1848 1850 1853 1856 1860 1864 1865 1869 The University of the State of Missouri, called in the acts of Con- gress of February 17, 1818, March 6, 1820, January 24, 1827, and March 2, 1827, a " Seminary of Learning," possesses a legislative or legal history which is not only in itself very interesting, but quite essential to a proper understanding of its relations to the Federal and State governments, and of the obligations imposed upon the General Assembly of Missouri to foster and encourage it. It therefore has a history which antedates its location and establishment in the town of Columbia. It is quite well known and generally understood that the University was founded by a grant of public land made by the United States, in the act of Congress of March 6, 1820, to authorize the people of Mis- souri Territory to form a Constitution and State Government. The sixth section of said act offered to the convention of the Territory of Missouri, for its free acceptance or rejection, five distinct propositions, which, if accepted by the convention, shall be obligatory upon the United States. Among these was the following : — Fifth. That thirty-six sections, or one entire township, which shall be designated by the President of the United States, together with the other lands heretofore reserved for that purpose, shall be reserved for the use of a Seminary of learning, and vested in the Legislature of said State, to be appropriated solely to the use of such Seminary by the said Legislature. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 233 This enactment, made by Congress before the admission of Missonri into the Union, was in accordance with the policy of the General Gov- ernment to aid the States in the work of education by liberal grants of the public domain. This policy was not only adopted in aid of the higher education,, so-called, but also — and by the act of Congress providing for the ad- mission of Missouri into the Union — for the maintenance of township free public schools. In the private consideration as well as public discussions of this act, a complication often presented itself, originating in the fact that the act of Congress of March 6, 1820, donated to Missouri only thirty-six sections, or one entire township, whereas the State received, for the use of a " Seminary of Learning," seventy-two sections, or two entire townships. Whence originated this discrepancy, and by what act of Congress, if any, the problem was solved, is not generally known. Nor did our public men and legislators seem to understand, with any distinctness, the phrase, " together with the other lands heretofore reserved for that purpose." What these lands were, what their amount in acres, where situated, and by what act of Congress reserved, seems to have had no distinct or satisfactory solution in the public mind. Believing it to be our duty thoroughly to explore the field of diffi- culty, and, if possible, clearly to trace the legislative history of the grant, we entered into correspondence, through the courtesy of Hon. F. M. Cockrell, U. S. Senator from Missouri, with the Com- missioner of the General Land Office at Washington. This corre- spondence disclosed the fact, theretofore unknown to the writer, that our Seminary lands, although donated to the State for the purpose mentioned in the act of March 6, 1820, were not selected and con- firmed to the State by that act, but by an act of Congress approved January 24, 1827, as follows (see Chap. V., Second Session Nineteenth Congress ; see fourth vol. Stats. U. S. at Large, page 200) : ACT OF JANUARY 24, 1827. •'An Act concerning the selection of certain lands, heretofore granted by compact, to the State of Missouri, for seminaries of learning. "Se it enacted, etc., " That it shall be the duty of the President of the United States, as soon as may be, to cause to be selected, from any of the public lands of the United States in Missouri, the sale of which is authorized by law, and in quantities not less than a section, accord- ing to the divisional lines of the public surveys, the several townships of land hereto- fore secured by compact to the State of Missouri, for the purposes of a seminary or ■234 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. seminaries of learning in that State, and to cause one elescriptive list of such selections to be filed with the Governor of Missouri, in the office of the Secretary of that State, and another like list to be filed in the General Land Office of the United States; and the lands so selected shall, immediately thereupon, vest in the State of Missouri, ac- cording to, and in satisfaction of, the above mentioned compact with the United States. "Approved January 24th, 1827." The terms of this act, to wit : " The several townships of land here- tofore secured by compact to the State of Missouri, for the purpose of a seminary or seminaries of learning in that State," seemed farther to complicate the diflSculty, and therefore farther correspondence with the General Land Office became necessary. Availing ourself again of the courtesy of Senator Cockrell, we pro- pounded, through him, to the Commissioner of the General Land Office certain questions, the purpose of which was to elicit an expla- nation of the difficulty we encountered in understanding not only the act of March 6, 1820, but that of January 24, 1827. This corre- spondence brought to view another new and important fact, new, at least to us, and certainly one which has not attained any prominence, or even recognition in the public discussions of this subject in Mis- souri, namely, that three years anterior to the admission of Missouri into the Union, and by the third section of the act of Congress of February 17, 1818, two townships were directed to be located and reserved for the support of a seminary of learning in this State, and that one of these townships was authorized to be located on the waters of the Missouri, and the other on the waters of the Arkansas River. Also, that by an act passed March 2, 1827, a transfer of one township was made from the waters of the Arkansas to the Territory of Arkan- sas, leaving one township reserved for the Missouri Territory, which added to the one township granted by the act of March 6, 1820, made the tivo townships donated to this State, which the President, by the act of January 24, 1827, was directed to select for the use of a seminary of learning in the State of Missouri. For a clearer under- standing of the subject, we append the letter of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, dated July 15, 1882, as follows: — LETTER OF HON. N. C. M'FARLAND. Department of the Interior, General Land Office, Washington, D. C, July 15, 1882. Mon. F. M. Cockrell, IT. S. Senate : Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 13th instant, transmitting a letter from Wm. F. Switzler, dated at Columbia, Mo., July 10, 1882, in HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 235 ■which, after referring to the Act of March 6, 1820, and January 24, 1827, granting lands to the State of Missouri, he asks the following questions, viz. : 1st. " How did we get two townships, and only two, when neither of the above cited acts provide for two in terms?" 2d. " What are ' the other lands heretofore received for that purpose ' ? " In reply, I would state, that under the provision of the third section of the Act of €ongress, approved February 17, 1818, entitled, "An Act making provision for the establishment of additional land offices in the Territory of Missouri, ' ' two townships were directed to be located and reserved for the support of a seminary of learning, provided that one of said townships shall be located on the waters of the Missouri and the other on the waters of the Arkansas. By the fifth subdivision of the sixth section of the Act of March 6, 1820, one entire township, together with the other lands heretofore reserved for that purpose, was reserved for the use of a seminary of learning. By the Act of March 2, 1827, entitled "An act concerning a seminary of learning in the Territory of Arkansas," authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to set apart two townships for the use and support of a seminary of learning, it is provided that one of said townships so set apart shall be "in lieu of an entire township of land directed to be located on the waters of the Arkansas River, in said Territory, for the xise of a seminary of learning therein, by an act of Congress entitled, ' An act making provision for the establishment of additional land offices in the Territory of Missouri,' " approved February the seventeenth, one thousand eight hundred and eighteen. It will be seen from the above cited act, that one of the townships reserved for seminary purposes in the Territory of Missouri, and to be located on the waters of the Arkansas, was transferred to the Territory of Arkansas, leaving one township reserved for the former Territory, which, together with the additional township granted by the Act of March 6, 1820, made two townships which the President of the United States was directed to cause to be selected, under the Act of January 24, 1827, for the pur- pose of a seminary or seminaries of learning in the State of Missouri. The letter of Mr. Switzler is herewith returned. Very respectfully, N. C. McFARLAND, Commissioner. The policy of the General Government to aid the States in the work of education also found expression in the land grants made by the act of Congress of July 2, 1862, to the different States for the purpose of founding therein colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts. The liberal school policy of the General Government, by land grants, was established by the ordinance of 1787, m the following language, to wit : — And for extending the fundamental principles of civil and religious liberty, which form the basis whereon these republics, their laws and constitutions are erected, etc., etc. It is hereby enacted and declared, by the authority aforesaid, (i. e., of the United States in Congress assembled), that the following articles shall be considered as articles of compact between the original States and the people in the said Territory (northwest of the river Ohio), and forever remain unalterable, unless by common consent, to wit: 236 HISTOKY OF BOONE COUNTY. Articles. Eeligion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged. In the act of Congress of 1812, organizing the Territory of Missouri, this article of the ordinance of 1787 was carried across tlie Mississippi, and somewhat amplified, as the following extract from that act shows : Eeligion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall be encouraged and provided for from the public lauds of the United States in said Territory, in such man- ner as Congress may deem expedient. When the State of Missouri was organized out of this Territory, Congress deemed it expedient, as above stated, to devote two town- ships of land to a "seminary of learning or university," and one thirty-sixth of the entire public domain, together with saline and swamp lands, to " township (now district) schools." The higher education was thus identified with the lower, as coijrdi- nate and constituent parts of the public school work of Missouri, upon the original ora;anizatiou ot the State. It is the traditional and established policy of this State, however imperfectly realized hitherto, to support the University as the crown and glory of the public school system. This is an indisputable fact ; not by inference, but by the following explicit utterances, in the first and second sections of the sixth article of the first Constitution of the State, adopted in St. Louis, July 19, 1820, viz: Schools and the means of education shall be forever encouraged in this State. * * One school or more shall be established in each township. The General Assembly shall take measures for the improvement of such lands, etc., to support "a univer- sity for the promotion of literature and the arts and sciences, and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly, as soon as may be, to provide effectual means * * * for the improvement and permanent security of the funds and endowments of such institutions. It is thus seen that the " Seminary of Learning" of the acts of Congress of 1818, 1820 and 1827 is the "University" of the first Constitution of the State, formed under the authority of the first act named. Substantially the same idea as presented in the Constitution of 1820, is embodied in the State Constitution of 1865, as follows : — 4. The General Assembly shall also establish and maintain a State university, with departments for instructions in teaching in agriculture, and in natural science, as soon as the public school fund will permit. The eleventh article of the Constitution of 1875 is still more liberal in its terms, and in more than one section recognizes the obligation of HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 237 the General Assembly to maintain the State University and to regard its endowment, and the proceeds of the sales of the seminary lands, legally inviolable. From the earliest history of Boone Connty and of its county seat, even while preliminary steps were taken in the spring of 1821 to establish the town of Columbia, the location of the State University in said town was entertained as a desirable consummation, and found expression in the report made to the Circuit Court by Lawrence Bass,^ John Gray, David Jackson, Absalom Hicks and Jefferson Fulcher, commissioners appointed by an act of the Legislature to locate the permanent seat of justice in said county. (For this report in full see pp. 161-2. ) Quick to comprehend intelligently the provisions made in the enabling and other acts of Congress, as well as the provision in the Constitution adopted the year previous to the passage of the enabling act, the commissioners, among other donations of land for public purposes, made by the trustees of the Smithton Company, on the condition of the location of the county seat on the present site of Columbia was "ten acres conditional if the State University be estab- lished therein," said ten acre lot being just across the road, and south of the present residence of Jefferson Garth — the same now occupied and owned by Mrs. Stephen Bedford, and embracing per- haps the northern portion of the new cemetery. From this period to the final accomplishment of the purpose in the location of the University at Columbia in 1839, the thoughtful and leading citizens of Boone County pursued their object with unfaltering steps. As we have already seen this is evidenced by the establish- ment of Columbia College, an enterprise which was largely inspired by the hope of making it the rallying point in the struggle and an in- ducement to locate the University or " State College " in Columbia. That this was one of the ulterior purposes to be accomplished through this agency is plainly disclosed by the preliminary steps as well as the more advanced measures and counsels connected with the college. The sequel demonstrated the far-seeing wisdom of the prudent and self-sacrificing men who originated and accom- plished the establishment of this institution. Without Columbia College and the education which it afforded not only its pupils proper, but the public mind of the county, the State University would never have been located in Columbia. That college, and the 1 Died in Boone County, April 27, 1856, aged seventy-six years. 238 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. Columbia Female Academy, which was its handmaid in the cause of liberal education and liberal public thought, inspired the leading minds of the county with the darliug purpose when the final struggle came, to outstrip all of her sister counties in the race of liberality and thus secure the inestimable boon of the State University. With Columbia College and the lessons of culture and public spirit with which it leavened the popular mind, the University was a possible achievement. Without them it was impossible. What Columbia and the county of Boone were in 1834 may be plainly seen by the testimony of the Eev. Elijah P. Lovejoy ^ the editor of the St. Louis Observer, a disinterested witness, who, during the summer of that year travelled through the central counties, and for a short time stopped in Columbia. Mr. Lovejoy' s sketch bears testi- mony to the interest which was then felt in the question by our peo- ple as well as to the feeling of general rivalry thus early existing between Boone and HoAvard on the subject of the University. The following is his sketch : — Columbia is the county seat of Boone County, and is a pretty, thriving village of about 700 inhabitants. It has nine stores, tvFO taverns, four grog-shops, and but one meeting-house. Thus you see Bacchus has four temples — and I knovp not how many domestic altars — and God but one, in Columbia. The meeting-house belongs to the Presbyterians, is of brick, but is not finished. The Baptists and Unitarians are about to commence building another in union. An odd mixture this, and one which can pro- duce no good. The Presbyterian Church consists of about eighty members. This church was principally gathered under the ministrations of brother Cochran, who is still affectionately remembered by them. Brother Gray succeeds him, both in labors and in the confidence and esteem of the people. In Columbia they have erected a brick college, sixty feet by twenty-six, two stories high, and having six apartments. In this a male academy is taught — Mr. Kobert S. Thomas, Principal, and Mr. S. Hart, Assistant. There is also a female academy taught in this place by Miss Lucy Ann Wales, assisted, at present, by a daughter of Gen. Gentry. This lady had acquired a high reputation as a teacher in Callaway, and she fully maintains it here. In the two departments are 120 or 130 scholars. Besides these, there is another female school, taught by one of the ladies, who came on last fall as a missionary to the Indians, but whose health failed her, and she was left at this place. I understood, also, that still another was expected to be opened in a week or two. On the subject of the State University, there is much conversation and considerable rivalry of feeling in the two counties of Boone and Howard. And in reference to this subject, they are bringing out some of their strongest men in the two counties for the next Legislature, as it is supposed that that body will act definitely on the subject. Between the rival claims of the two counties I shall not undertake to decide; but I can say what I most fully believe, that but little benefit will be derived to either, or to the State, from all the funds appropriated for a State University. And this opinion I 1 Mr. Lovejoy was shot and killed by a mob at Alton, 111., on November 7, 1837. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 239* freely expressed to some of the prominent men in both the counties. I have no idea tliat any Legislature that we are likely soon to have will establish a University on any principles that will insure, or even permit, its prosperity. They will yoke it to the car of State, and then it will be pulled forward, or pushed backward, according as this or that political party shall prevail. And in the turmoil and confusion attending such a state of things learning and science will be frightened from its halls. Be assured that the muses will never endure the presence of. a political stump-speech maker. Besides, our good legislators will be especially careful to exclude all secta- rianism from the University; and I doubt not they will contrive to make that term embrace every tenet of Christianity. Such, at least, are my fears; and I shall be agreeably disappointed, indeed, if they are not realized. The history of the Virginia University might, but will not, be read for instruction on this subject. It is worthy of note, in this connection, that the fears of Mr. Love- joy, that in the exclusion of sectarianism from the University Chris- tianity itself would be excluded, were groundless. SALE or SEMINARY LANDS. On January 23, 1829, (see Session Acts 1828-9), an act was ap- proved which provided for the prosecution, fine, and imprisonment of trespassers on the seminary lands. By an act approved December 31, 1830,^ provision was made for the sale of the seminary lands. It was made the duty of the Gov- ernor of the State, or his successor in office for the time being, after giving six months previous notice thereof, in the several newspapers published in this State, to cause the lands granted to the State for seminary purposes, to be ofiered at public sale to the highest bidder ; upon this condition, however, that the same shall not be sold for a less price than two dollars per acre, and the sales of the said lands shall be conducted in every other respect, under the same regulations as the public lands of the United States. By the same act John B. Svvearengen was made register and Sam- uel C. Owens receiver for the purpose of superintending the lands in the United States Western district ; James Jamison, register, and Henry Lane, receiver, in the Salt river district, and William Garner, register, and Robert F. Brown, receiver, in the Cape Girardeau district, each of whom was required to give bond. The sales of land in the Western district, were held in Indepen- dence, commencing on the first Monday in December, 1831 ; in the Salt river district in Palmyra on the second Monday in November,. 1 See Session Acts 1830-1, p. 86. 240 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 1831 ; and in the Cape Girardeau district in Benton, Scott county, on the first Monday in November of the same year. On January 17, 1831,* an act was approved which provided for annexing to the town of Independence, laying off into lots, and mak- ing sale of eighty acres of seminary lands adjoining said town. Said sale commencing on the first Monday in December, 1832, openly to the highest bidder, under the superintendence of a commissioner appointed-^jy the Governor, said act prx)viding that no lot of one acre or less should be sold for less than $10, nor any lot of more than one acre for less than $5 per acre. ACT OF DECEMBER 31, 1830, REVIVED. January 29, 1833,^ an act was approved reviving the act to pro- vide for the sale of the seminary lands, approved December 31, 1830, and it authorized public sales of the lands at Independence, Palmyra, and Benton in the months October, November and December, 1833. Abraham McClellan was appointed commissioner of the sales at Independence, Henry Wilcox at Palmyra, and John Moore at Ben- ton. All lands not thus sold at public sale were thereafter subject to private entry or purchase. The commissioner of the Western district was directed at the close of the public sales to offer to the highest bidder the town lots remain- ino- unsold in the annexed portion of the town of Independence, pursuant to the act approved January 17, 1831, On the 17th March, 1835,^ aii act of the Legislature was approved to take effect tjie first day of May thereafter, providing for the sale, at private entry, of the seminary lands, in the same manner, at the same price, and under the same regulations as the United States lands were then disposed of, at private sales. By the terms of the act, Johu Moore, of Scott county, for the Cape Girardeau land district; Henry Wilcox of the Salt River district and Smallwood Nolan of Jackson county for the Western district were made commissioners to superintend the sale of these lands, each giv- ino; bonds of not less than $5,000. Moneys received by them from said sales to be paid into the State treasury every twelve months, the 1 See Session Acts 1830-1, p. 91. 2 See Session Acts 1832-3, p. 116. 3 See Revised Statutes 1835, p. 576. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 241 treasurer to keep the same " as a distinct fund for the purposes for which said hinds were accepted " by the State. During the session of the eighth Legislature, which convened in Jef- ferson City November 17, 1834 — John Jamison, of Callaway, Speaker of the House ; James B. Bowlin, of St. Louis, Chief Clerk, and Joseph W. Hickam, of Boone (who is still alive and a citizen of Boone), En grossing Clerk — the question of the location of the University received much attention . The Intelligencer, of December 6, 1834, says: " We are much o-ratified to learn from Jefferson that Columbia stands hi^h with the Legislature as the most suitable location for the State Col- lege." Nevertheless, owing to the rivalries which existed between various counties, a majority in neither house was able to agree upon a location, and the Legislature adjourned without making one. SEMINARY LANDS. The first session of the ninth Greneral Assembly met November 21, 1836 — John Jamison again Speaker of the House ; Thomas C. Burch, Chief Clerk; Richard B. Jackson, Doorkeeper, and Joseph W. Hick- am, of Boone, Engrossing Clerk, without opposition. Again the University was one of the topics for discussion, and with increased prominence. On November 25th, Austin A. King, one of the members from Boone, introduced the following resolutions in regard to the semin- ary fund : — [From the House Journal, November 25, ISSQ-, page 59.] 1. Besolved, That the proceeds of the seminary fund ought to be appropriated to rearing up a seminary of learning in this State, in conformity with the compact with the United States and the Constitution of this State. 2. Besolved, That such an institution as is contemplated by the compact and by the State Constitution,where the youug men of the State could receive a competent education to qualify them for teachers of common schools, would aid and promote a sound system of common school education. 3. Besolved, Under the compact and Constitution of the State, the preseut youth of the country are justly entitled to participate in the benefits of the seminary fund, and that the proceeds thereof ought to be vested in some productive stock yielding an interest for the building up and endowing said institution at as early a day as practi- cable. 4. Besolved, therefore, That the foregoing proposition be referred to the Committee on Education, and that said committee be authorized to report by bill or otherwise. Adam B. Chambers, of Pike, afterwards well known in Missouri 16 242 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. as one of the proprietors and chief editors of the St. Lonis Hepuh- Z^ca?^, moved to lay the resolutions on the table, which motion was rejected, and the resolutions were passed. During the same session of the Legislature, and on January 5, 1837, Mr. Abraham Hunter, of Scott (page 249) introduced a resolution, which passed, requesting the Governor to inform the House " if any, and what number of acres of seminary land is due this State from the United States, showing the quantity of acres selected and re- served for seminary purposes, and the quantity yet to be selected." On January 16, 1837, the Governor (Lilburn W. Boggs) responded (page 302) that there had been selected and reserved Aih^^W-^^-^ acres, and that there remained to be selected 6182|o^ acres to com- jDlete the quantity of 72 sections of land acquired by this State from the United States for a seminary of leai'ning. THE LANDS SELECTED WHERE SITUATED AND THE ACT OF CON- GRESS OF JANUARY 24, 1827, On January 24, 1837 (page 343), Mr. Chambers, from the Commit- tee on Education, reported a bill to incorporate the University, which was read and ordered to a second reading. Mr. Chambers, from the same committee, also reported that they had considered the petitions of the President and Directors of " Howard College," Fayette, and that from the provisions of the above bill, providing for the erection of a State University, it would be inexpedient to act on said petition. Report concurred in and committee discharged from further consid- eration of the subject. Three days afterward (page 375), on motion of Mr. Eedraan, of Howard, the bill to incorporate the State University was recommitted to the Committee on Education, without instructions. This is the last that was heard of it during the session, which closed Feb- ruary 6th. The last session of the General Assembly having failed to locate the State University, the subject again came up during the Tenth Session, which met in Jefferson City on November 19th, 1838 : Lilburn W. BosfSfS, Governor: Franklin Cannon, Lieutenant-Governor and Presi- dent of the Senate ; James L. Minor, Secretary ; William Woods, doorkeeper; Thomas H. Harvey, Speaker of the House; Micajah V. Harrison, Clerk; Joseph W. Hickam, of Boone, Engrossing Clerk, Senators from Boone — Thomas C. Maupin and A. W. Turner. Rep- HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 245 resentatives — David M. Hickman, James S. Rollins, Alexander Persinger, Tyre Harris and John B. Gordon. The subject of the State University occupied a prominent place in the deliberations of this session. Among the proceedings of interest it may be mentioned that on December 7th, 1838, David R. Atchison, of CLay county (afterwards United States Senator), offered a resolu- tion in the House that "it is expedient to locate a State Seminary at this session." John Miller, of Cooper, moved to amend by placing the prefix " in " before the word " expedient," whereupon a debate ensued, which was not concluded till the next day. Benjamin Youngs of Callaway, offered the following amendment : " That such Seminary be located at such place, and under such circumstances, as will admit of the introduction of the manual labor system,"'*which was rejected. What became of Mr. Miller's amendment the journal does not show. The original resolution passed — ayes, 62; nays, 29, the members from Boone voting aye. (See pages 90 and 91.) On motion of Mr. Atchison, the bill to establish a State University, introduced by John P. Morris, of Howard, together with the resolutions on the same sub- ject, be referred to the Committee on Education (Benjamin Emmons, of St. Charles, chairman), with instructions to report a bill organizing and endowing a State University. (Page 93.) On January 10th, 1839, Mr. Emmons reported from the committee a bill entitled " An act to select a site for the State University,"^ which, on his motion, was referred to the Committee of the Whole House. (Page 201.) After several sittings of the committee, on February 2, 1839, Jesse B. Thompson, of Clinton, chairman, reported the bill back to the House, with sundry amendments. On Monday, February 4, 1839, on motion of James Jackson, of Audrain, the House took up the report of the committee of the whole, where- upon, among other proceedings, A. M. Elston, of Cole, moved to strike out Section 5, and insert in lieu thereof the following (page 363): — Sec. 5. The Commissioners, in selecting a site on which to locate the State Uni- versity, shall examine the public grounds in the neighborhood of Jefferson City and 1 This bill was drafted and introduced by J. S. Kollins, of Boone, and Col. Wm. E. Switzler has in his possession the original bill in Mr. Rollins' handwriting, anci also a copy in his handwriting of that admirable and eloquent speech made by him in favor of the passage of the bill, the first set speech ever made by him in a legislative- body. There being no reporters at that early day of the legislative proceedings, thi* speech was never printed. 244 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. ■estimate the value of the most suitable site thereon, containing forty acres, which, to- gether with such sum as may be subscribed by the people of Cole county, shall be ■considered in connection with the interest of the State generally in such location. Which was decided in the negative, after wliich Henry S. Geyer, of St. Louis, moved to amend by inserting after section 15, four addi- tional sections, 16, 17, 18 and 19, whicli was agreed to; and these sections appear in the bill as finally passed. Among the commissioners named in the first section of the bill was the name of John Thornton, a citizen of Clay, which Mr. Morris, of Howard, moved to strike out. Agreed to. Jesse Morin, of Clay, moved to fill the blank thus created with the name of Peter H. Burnett, of Clay ; Mr. Young, of Callaway, with the name of Andrew Hobinson, and Mr. Chiles, of Jackson, with the name of Samuel White, of Jackson. Burnett's name was adopted. Joshua W. Hedman, of Howard, moved as an amendment that which appears as the twenty-second section of the law, and it was agreed to ; after which the bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time the next day. The first item of business noted in the journal of the next morning (Tuesday, February 5, 1839), is that James S. Rollins, of Boone, from the Committee on Engrossed Bills, reported the bill truly engrossed. On the following day the bill was taken up in the House and read a third time, when Mr. Rollins moved to amend, by way of a rider, an additional section, section 24 of the law, which was adopted. The question then recurring on the passage of the bill, Mr. Morin called for the ayes and nays, which were ordered, and the bill passed as follows (page 385) : — Ayes — Messrs. E. E. Acock, of Polk; Charles H. Ashby, of Livingston, David E. Atchison, of Clay; William Biggs, of Pike; Joseph Bogy, of St. Prancois; George P. Bollinger, of Cape Girardeau; James W. Booth, of Pike; P. Bradshaw, of Stoddard; William Brown, of Pranklin; Wilson Brown, of Scott; John A. Burt, of Callaway; George Burckhardt, of Eandolph; J. D. Caldwell, of Ealls; William Carson, of Marion; Charles Carstarphen, of Ealls ; Thomas Caulk, of St. Louis ; P. E. Chiles, of Pranklin ; Merriwether Lewis Clark, of St. Louis; John D. Coalter, of St. Charles; John Corrill, of Caldwell; Eichard D. Cowan, of Wayne; Isaac Curd, of Callaway; John H. Curd, of Marion; Emerson, of ; Benjamin Emmons, of St. Charles; John B. Pisher, of Morgan; Simeon Prost, of Crawford; James W. Pulkerson, of Johnson; Rufus Pullerton, of Warren ; Henry S. Geyer, of St. Louis ; Jonathan Gore, of Monroe ; S. Hall, of Cooper; John W. Hancock, of ; Tyre Harris, of Boone; David M. Hickman, of Boone ; B. P. Hickox, of Cooper; Holliman, of ; George W. Huston, of Lincoln; James Jackson, of Audrain; Thomas Jarx'ell, of St. Louis; Myres P. Jones, of Washington ; M. Kelley, of Pike; Elias Kincheloe, of Shelby; P. Manning, •of Washington ; Littlebury Mason, of Barry ; Charles McLean, of Eandolph ; John HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 245 Miller, of Cooper; Thomas Minnis, of Carroll; Joseph Montgomery, of Bollinger; Eobert Montgomery, of Pulaski; C. E. Morehead, of Ray; George E,. Netherton, of New Madrid ; William N. Penn, of Monroe ; Alexander Persinger, of Boone ; John Polk, of Madison ; Wilson Primm, of St. Louis ; William Eichie, of Marion ; J. Eussell,. of Cape Girardeau; John Sappington, of St. Louis; Jonathan Smith, of Jefferson; Thomas Watson, of Chariton ; Isaac Williams, of Cape Girardeau ; James Williams, of Van Buren, (now Henry) ; Benjamin Young, of Callaway; James Young, of Lafayette, and Mr. Speaker (Harvey, of Saline) — 67. Nays — Messrs. Charles Canole, of Howard; Chesley Cannefax, of Greene; J. A. Clark, of Linn; A. M. Elston, of Cole; James Euloe, of Cole; John D. Harrison, of Gasconade; Thos. Jackson, of Howard; Wm. E. Kemp, of Pettis; Jesse Morin, of Clay; J. B. Morris, of Howard; J. W. Redman, of Howard; Jesse B. Thompson, of Clinton, and Edward Wilks, of Miller — 11. Absent, Sick — Messrs Hudspeth, of Washington; Samuel D. South, of Clark, ana Johnson Bright, of Macon — 3. Absent — William M. Bowering, of Lafayette; J. A. Chiles, of Jackson; John B. Gordon, of Boone ; Holman, of ; Bernard Pratt, of St. Louis ; Addisou Eeese, of Clark, and George B. Woodson, of Rives (now Cass) — 7. Owing to some singular mistake or omission b}'^ the Chief Clerk or other person, the following members are not reported as voting either aye or nay, or as being either sick or absent : James S. Rollins, of Boone ; James M. Hughes, of Clay ; Thomas Jeffries, of Jackson ; Benj. Hunt, of Jefferson ; M. M. Maughs, of Montgomery ; Joab W. Burgee, of Perry, and Alfred Deatherage, of Ripley — 7. The Clerk of the House unquestionably committed an error in omitting to record in the Journal the votes of the last named members. The bill, having thus passed the House (February 6), was on the next day reported to the Senate, where Abraham Hunter, of Scott^ moved to strike out the words " Cooper, Howard and Callaway,'* which was rejected. (See page 306.) J. T. V. Thompson, of Clay, moved to strike out " Callaway," which was also rejected. Mr. Thomp- son then moved to amend the bill as follows : Each and every county named in this act shall pay, or bind themselves to pay, said institution, before they are allowed to bid, the sum of #1,000, for the privilege granted by this act. John Miller, of Cooper, offered to amend as follows : The commissioners appointed by this act shall when considering the location of the State University, take into consideration the probable increased value of the public property at the seat of Government, and also how far they consider the faith of the State, by implication or otherwise, is pledged for its location at the seat of Govern- ment. Which was rejected on the first reading. 246 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. Wm. Monroe, of Morgan, offered to amend the bill by way of rider : The said commissioners shall not locate said institution at any point, but shall make a report to the next General Assembly setting forth the different proposals, with their opinion of the advantages and disadvantages likely to redound to the interest of the State in acceptance of the different propositions. Which was rejected as follows : — Ayes. — Messrs. Daniel Ashby, of Chariton; Wm. M. Campbell, of St. Charles; John Conger, of ; J. F. Danforth, of ; John F. Darbj', of St. Louis; Francis Deguire, of ; Joshua Gentry, of ; Cornelius Gilliam, of Platte ; Thomas J. Gorham, of Randolph; Glasscock, of ; Thornton Grimsley, of St. Louis; Frederick Hyatt, of St. Louis; David Jones, of Cooper; James Jones, of Pike; Thomas C. Maupin, of Boone; Wm. McDaniel, of Marion; Jessie H. Mcllvain, of Washington; Josiah Morin, of ; Smallwood V. Nolan, of Jackson; George Penn, of Saline; Peter R.Pratt, of Ste. Genevieve; Charles R. Scott, of Howard; David Sterigere, of ; A. W. Turner, of Boone; J. T. V. Thompson, of Clay; Henry Watts, of ; — 26. Nays. — Messrs. Johnson H. Alford, of ; Abraham Bird, of ; Abraham Hunter, of Scott ; George W. Miller, of Cole ; William Monro, of Morgan ; Joseph Montgomery, of , and Owen Rawlins, of Howard — 7. Mr. Penn offered to amend, by way of I'ider, add Saline after Cal- laway in second section, which was read three several times. The question, Shall the bill, together with the rider, pass? was decided affirmatively, as follows ; — Ayes — Messrs. Wm. M. Campbell, of St. Charles; John F. Darby, of St. Louis; J. F. Danforth, of ; Francis Deguire, of ; Joshua Gentry, of Marion ; Cor- nelius Gilliam, of Platte; Glasscock, of ; Thomas J. Gorham, of Randolph; Thornton Grimsley, of St. Louis; Frederick Hyatt, of St. Louis; David Jones, of Cooper; James Jones, of Pike; Thomas C. Maupin, of Boone; Wm. McDaniel, of Marion; Jesse H. Mcllvain, of Washington; Josiah Morin, of — — ; Smallwood V. Nolan, of Jackson; George Penn, of Saline; Peter R. Pratt, of ; A. W. Turner, of Boone; J. T. V. Thompson, of Clay, and Henry Watts, of . Total — 22. Nays — Messrs. Johnson H. Alford, of ; Abraham Byrd, of ; John Conger, of ; Abraham Hunter, of Scott; G. W. Miller, of Cole; Wm. Monroe, of Morgan; Joseph Montgomery, of ; Owens Rawlins, of Howard; Charles P. Scott, of Howard, and David Sterigere, of . Total — 11. So the bill from the House passed the Senate with a single amend- ment, namely, adding Saline after Callaway, and went to the House for its concurrence, where it was taken up immediately and concurred in. (See page 396.) THE LAW TO SELECT A SITE FOR THE STATE UNIVERSITY. (See session acts 1838, pp. 184, 185, 186, 187.) HISTORY OP BOONE COUNTY. 247 On January 11, 1839, Mr. Geyer, of St. Louis, from the House Committee on Education, to whom was referred the subject of a State University and for the government of colleges and academies, reported a bill to provide for the care and management of the seminary fund, and for the organization of the State University, definition of its powers, etc. (see page 210), which was referred to the Committee of the Whole, and which, after due consideration and debate, was passed — ayes, 44 ; nays, 31. (See page 397.) This bill was taken up in the Senate on February 9, and passed without calling the ayes and nays (see page 327), and can be found in the session acts of 1838, page 174. This act, drafted by Henry S. Geyer, of St. Louis, a distinguished lawyer and afterwards United States Senator, was very elaborate, consisting of five articles, and provided for colleges and academies in difierent parts of the State, to be connected with the State University, and to be under the visitorial power of its curators . This idea of a State University, with branches and subordinate in- stitutions scattered over the State, was a favorite one with many distinguished men in the earlier history of the country, and was placed upon the statute book of several of the States ; but the plan was found cumbrous, and too unwieldy to be carried into practice, and was aban- doned wherever projected. CONGRESS AUTHORIZES THE SALE OF THE SEMINARY LANDS, AND ON DECEMBER 20, 1838, THE AUDITOR REPORTS THEIR SALE. The eighth section of " an act to create the office of surveyor of public lands for the State of Louisiana," passed by Congress and ap- proved March 3, 1831, authorizes the Legislature of Missouri to sell the seminary lands " and to invest the money arising from the sale thereof in some productive fund, the proceeds of which shall be for- ever applied by the Legislature of said State, solely to the use of such seminary, and for no other use or purpose whatsoever," as follows : — Sec. 8. And be it further enacted, That the Legislature of the State of Missouri be, and is hereby authorized to sell and convey in fee simple all or any part of the lands heretofore reserved and appropriated by Congress for the use of the Seminary of learning in said State, and to invest the money arising from the sale thereof in some produc- tive fund, the proceeds of which shall be forever applied by the Legislature of said State, solely to the use of such Seminary, and for no other use or purpose whatso- ever. 248 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. SALE OF SEMINARY LANDS. Daring the session of the Legislature of 1838-39, the Senate passed a resolution calling on Hiram H. Baber, Auditor, for a tabular statement showing the number of acres of seminary lands sold at the several land districts in each year, since the commencement of the sales of said lands, and also the number of acres remaining unsold in each district, to which on December 20, 1838, he replied as follows : — (See Senate Journal, page 135.) Number of acres selected for the Western District, 34,252.14. Amount sold in Western District : — Acres. Acres. 1831 80.00 16,882.66 9,645.01 1834 1835 3,121.03 1832 3,583.22 720.00 1833 1837 Total number of acres sold " " " unsold . 34,031.92 220.49 Number of acres selected for the Salt River District, 2,922.73. Amount sold in Salt River District : — Acres. Acres. 1831 1,402.57 655.46 From December, 1833, to Jan- uary, 1837 1833 627.34 Total number acres sold .... " " " unsold. 2,685.37 107.36 Number of acres selected for the Cape Girardeau District, 8,376.80. Amount sold in Cape Girardeau District : — Acres. Acres. 1833 906.14 1,249.88 986.93 1836 1837 535.03 1834 1,428.99 1835 1838 238.53 Total number acres sold .... " " " unsold. 5,345.50 3,031.30 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 249 Thus making the whole number of acres selected in the three dis- tricts 45,421.67, of which 39,484.51 had been sold, leaving unsold 5,937.16. About 25,000 acres of these lands, more than half of the whole number, were located in Jackson County, and were among the most fertile and valuable lands in the State. Previous to the land sales at which they were offered combinations among the settlers were made, not only to prevent non-residents or speculators from purchasing them,, but to i^revent them from bringing anything above the Government price ; and these combinations, by threats and by force, effected their object, and in doing so deprived the seminary fund of at least $50,000. The lands were, at the time of the sales, worth, and would have brought, $5, $8 and $10 per acre, and are now worth at least $20, but the com- binations threatened with violence any man who would bid more than the Government price for them. A gentleman from Virginia by the name of West attended the sales with a large sum of money to invest in the lands, learning which, the home land ring forcibly put him in jail or other place of confinement, threatening his life if he bid at the sales, but informing him that if he desired a few pieces of land and would give them their numbers, and none of the settlers wanted them, they would bid them in for him. Mr. West sought redress of John F. Eyland, Judge of the Circuit Court, and he was disposed to grant it to the extent of his authority, but the land mob threatened to confine him with West if he attempted to do anj'thing in the premises. The combination thus overawed all outside bidders and the civil authorities, and procured titles to the richest land in the State at thousands and tens of thousands of dollars les& than their value. THE SEMINARY LANDS SELECTED. We are indebted to the courtesy of Hon. N. C. McFarland, Com- missioner of the General Land Office, June 15, 1882, and the kind offices of Hon. F. M. Cockerell, United States Senator from Mis- souri, for the following list of lands selected by the commissioners appointed by the Governor of the State of Missouri for the purpose of selecting seventy-two sections, under the act of Congress of the 24th of January, 1827, entitled " An Act concerning the selection of certain lands heretofore granted by compact to the State of Missouri 250 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. for seminaries of learning," which said selection is made at the re- quest of the Honorable the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States : — Description of Tracts. Section. Town, N. Range, W. Area of Tracts. COUNTY. All of. All of. All of. 28 33 32 31 6 3 12 13 21 19 20 29 30 17 33 32 27 35 34 36 25 26 35 34 13 24 10 15 21 20 14 11 28 3 2 1 4 17 9 8 11 2 3 10 15 21 22 17 20 4 9 19 25 23 51 51 51 51 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 50 50 30 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 33 33 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 29 29 640 640 640 640 629.56 621.34 640 640 640 642.88 640 640 640.01 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 655.19 493.48 648.47 656.72 640 640 640 640 648.89 648.02 640 640 640 640 640 640 647.01 640 572.62 640 543.55 Kay. Kay. Kay. All of. Kay. All of. Kay. All of. Kay. AH of... Kay. All of. Lafayette. All of. Jackson. All of. Lafayette. All of. Jackson. All of. Lafayette. Jackson. All of. All of. Jackson. All of. Jackson. All of. Jackson. All of. Jackson. AH of... Jackson. AH of. Jackson. All of..... Jackson. All of..... Jackson. All of. Jackson. All of. Jackson. All of Jackson. AH of. Jackson. AH of Jackson. AH of. J ackson. AH of. AH of AH of. Jackson. Jackson. Jackson. AH of. Jackson. AH of. Jackson. All of. Jackson. All of Jackson. East half and n. w. quarter AH of. AH of. Jackson. Jackson. Jackson. All of- Jackson. All of. Jackson. AH of. AH of. Jackson. Jackson. AH of Jackson, All of. Jackson. AH of. Jackson. AH of Jackson. AH of. Jackson. AH of...... Jackson. AH of. Jackson. All of. Jackson. All of. Jackson. AH of. Jackson. AH of. Jackson. AH of. Lafayette. Lafayette. AH of. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 251 LIST OF SEMiNART LANDS — Continued. All of. 12 3 18 24 25 36 1 12 13 21 80 81 27 5 15 1 2 31 36 25 25 36 1 34 84 84 27 27 27 26 26 26 29 25 25 24 61 56 52 52 61 61 61 61 61 29 HE. 11 " 12 " 13 " 13 " 18 " 13 " 13 " 13 " 14 " 14 " 14 " 14 '< 6 W. 6 " 1 " 1 " 5 " 6 " 6 " 6 " 6 " 14 E. 640 630.67 630.67 634.85 624.61 619.71 603.64 717.04 708.85 640 476.85 640.85 640 590.14 640 308.41 559.48 96.15 160 125.49 160 160 Perry. Perry. Perrv. All of. All of. All of. Scott. All of. Scott. All of. Scott. A-U of Scott. All of..... Scott. All of. Scott. All of All of. New Madrid. All of. All of New Madrid. All of. All of. Ralls Fractional Pike Eraetional J!T. W. fractional quarter.. N. E. quarter Pike. Lewis. S. E. fractional quarter... S. 'W . quarter of. Lewis. N. W. quarter of. All of. Lewis. Scott Total number of acres 45,299.15 Note. — By reference to the above it will be seen that by selecting fractional sections (adjoining other lands selected, however), the quantity selected exceeds the aggregate of seventy-two full sections by about seventy-five acres. If this excess shall be deemed mate- rial, it is wished that it may be taken oflF the west half of the northwest quarter of section 36, township 61, range 6 (Lewis county). certificate of the governor of missouri. Executive Department, -v City of Jefferson, March 25, 1828. j I, John Miller, Governor of the State of Missouri, do hereby certify that the above list Is correct, representing the several tracts of land selected under the above recited act of ■Congress and according to the request of the honorable the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States of the 21st August, 1827. This is a full report of the lands selected, in- cluding those comprehended in the report of the 28th ." January, 1828, then made to the honorable the Secretary of the Treasury. JOHN MILLER. To the Hon. Richard Rush, Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. The selections above reported are approved, with the exception of section 1, township 29, range 14. Approved, with the exception of section 1, township 29, range 14. R. RUSH. Treasury Department, June 6, 1828. THE FIRST BOARD OF CURATORS. Among other things, the bill provided that the number of cura- tors should be fifteen, who should be chosen by joint vote of the Senate and House of Representatives, and should hold their 252 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. offices for two years, and until their successors were duly elected and qualified. On Saturday, February 9, 1839, Mr. Coalter, of St. Charles, intro- duced a concurrent resolution in the House, providing that the two Houses will meet in the hall of the House on Monday next ensuing, at 2 o'clock p. M., for the purpose of electing a superintendent of public schools and fifteen curators of the University, which passed. (See page 430.) The Senate concurring, the two Houses met pur- suant to the resolution, and after the election of Peter G. Glover, of Cole County, superintendent of common schools, proceeded to the election of curators. Mr. Young, of Lafayette, (page 443) nominated Messrs. T. M. Allen and EliE. Bass, of Boone County, I. O. Hockaday and John A. Hen- derson, of Callaway, John J. Lowry and Roland Hughes, of Howard County ; Thomas A. Smith and M. M. Marmaduke, of Saline ; George C. Hart and Gabriel Tntt, of Cooper ; Wm. Scott and R. W. Wells, of Cole County ; Josiah Spaulding, of St. Louis ; Thomas Allen, of Ray ; David Weir, of St. Clair County, for the office of curators of the State University. Mr. Penn, of the Senate, moved to strike out the name of Rolandl Hughes and insert in lieu thereof that of Abiel Leonard, which was rejected, and there being no other nominees, they were selected by yeas and nays — yeas 91, nays 1 — Mr. Redman of Howard. THE CONTEST FOR THE UNIVERSITY IN 1839. The question of the location of the University being remitted by the act of the General Assembly, heretofore quoted, to the people of the several counties named in said act, the subject at once awakened the liveliest interest in several of them — notably in Boone, Callaway and Howard. A most remarkable, contest ensued to secure the prof- fered boon by newspaper articles, public meetings and public speeches, and the importunities and personal solicitations of numerous canvassing committees, the liberality and county pride of the people were stirred to their profoundest depths. The history of no new or sparsely settled State in the Union afl^ords a parallel to the general enthusiasm and public spirit which were awakened on the subject of education during this contest. In Boone County, which then had a population of less than 14,000,. and doubtless the same remark is true of the other counties where an earnest eftbrt was made to secure the location, all business for the HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 253 time was measurably suspended. Canvassing committees made per- sonal visits, in many instances oft-repeated, to every citizen, taking subscriptions of money ranging in amounts from one dollar to three thousand dollars. And it is also worthy of special mention, as a remarkable instance of liberality in a new State, that one of the two three thousand dollar subscriptions, which were the largest given, was made by Edward Camplin, a man who could neither read nor write. The County of Boone, in addition to the action of individual citizens above referred to, was thoroughly canvassed by a number of the best speakers and most ardent friends of education residing in the county. The Hon. Jas. S. Rollins, being the author of the bill providing for the location of the institution, and the most eloquent and earnest cham- pion for its passage by the General Assembl}'-, led the way, and with the powerful aid of the Hon. John B. Gordon, one of the strongest speakers in the State ; Sinclair Kirtley, Esq., a prominent member of the bar of Columbia; Warren Woodson, Clerk of the County Court; James M. Gordon, a young attorney of the Columbia bar; William Cornelius, a good speaker and prominent merchant of Columbia, and others equally zealous, attended and addressed a great number of meetings held in every part of the county, from the Grand Prairie on the north (then almost wholly unsettled), to the Missouri River and to the mouth of Cedar Creek on the south and east, appealing to the people by every possible argument that could influence them to do all in their power, and not permit the opportunity to escape of securing the great prize of the location of a university in their midst. No such important question was ever before or has since been presented to the voters of the county. Here was an institution intended to last forever, and if properly maintained, as provided for in the Constitution by the General Assembly of the State, its influence and teachings upon the social, moral and intellectual culture and elevation of the people and their posterity, not only of the county, but of the entire State, will last as long as the Government itself. With an apprecia- tive people this was a prize worth contending for. Under the bill aboye referred to the contest was to be short, sharp and decisive. It was most ably conducted, and the inhabitants of the county, although then sparse and generally in moderate circumstances, responded to the appeals made to them in the most liberal and enlightened manner. They set an example for their posterity worthy of imitation through- out all the ages that are to follow. 254 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. CZ^^^^^0t^i^' HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 255 In this contest there were a number of noted instances of effort and liberality worthy of mention. Dr. Anthony Wayne Rollins, having^ no property interest at the county seat, residing on his farm in the extreme western part of the county, midway between Columbia and Fayette, on the Howard County line, took charge of the entire county west of the Perche Creek, to the mouth of the Moniteau, em- bracing Missouri and Perche Townships. He was the largest sub- scriber in that district for the location of the university in Boone County, and by his assiduity, energy and vigilance, he obtained, with the aid of others j a large subscription from that part of the countj^ and long afterwards evinced great interest in the cause of popular and higher education, by making liberal provision out of his not large estate, for the benefit of meritorious and indigent youths, male and female, who might have the desire as well as the talent, energy and ambition to obtain a college education. The contest closed by the people of Boone County vohmtarily sub- scribing in money and in lands the large sum of $117,900, for the location of the institution, which was a gift to the people of the State,. and to their honor let it be said and forever remembered, that not one dollar of this sum was ever repudiated, but the whole collected and appropriated for the benefit of the Public School Fund of the State a& provided in the Constitution of the State. THE SUBSCRIPTION LISTS. The following is a copy, alphabetically arranged, of all subscriptions made in Boone County above $100 to secure the location of the Uni- versity, the publishers being compelled, for lack of space, to omit the complete list : — We, the undersigned, whose names are hereto subscribed, agree and bind ourselves to pay to the State of Missouri the sum opposite our names ; one-half in one and the balance in two years from the first day of June, 1839, for the use and benefit of the State University, provided that it is located in Boone County. A. SUMS NAMES. SUBSCKIBED. Anderson, H. A $100 00 Allen, Thomas M 600 00 Arnold, T. T 200 00 Arnold James 100 00 Armstrong, Abner E 100 00 Arnold, M. K 250 00 SUMS NAMES. SUBSCBIBED. Bass, Eli E $3,000 00 Bonnett, J. H 1,500 00 Bradford, Austin 400 00 Berry, Benjamin 100 00 Beasly, James 100 00 Branham, K. C .■ 500 Oa 256 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. SUMS NAMES. SUBSCRIBED. Bryan, Littleton $350 00 Branham, C. C 100 00 Beattie, Mary 100 00 Bondurant, Caleb 100 00 Batterton, John 100 00 Buckley, Thomas 200 00 Barnes, James 100 00 Baker, John H 100 00 Barnes, Benjamin 100 00 Earr,Kobert S 1,077 00 Bass, Lawrence 300 00 Baker, Moses 100 00 Barns, Philip 100 00 Brown, Joseph 150 00 Brown, James E 200 00 Black, Reuben D..... 200 00 Bryan, J.H.&Co 1,000 00 O. Curtis, Fielding 100 00 €amplin, Edward 3,000 00 Conway, Francis F 100 00 ■Crumbaugh, Henry 200 00 Curtis, Nelson 300 00 Cromwell, Richard 200 00 Cotton, John J 200 00 Chandler, James 100 00 Oowan, Andrew 150 00 Crockett, Samuel 100 00 Clark, Richard 100 00 Cunningham, James L 100 00 Cave, "William S 150 00 Cunningham, John 200 00 Cochran, Robert 100 00 Cochran, William 100 00 Copeland, John, Sr 100 00 Curtis, Nelson 350 00 Carter, Nelson 300 00 Cornelius, Milton 100 00 Cornelius, William 1,000 00 Conley, Benjamin 200 00 Cave,E.H...". 100 00 D. Daniel, Turner R 200 00 Davis, John 200 00 Dunn, Jas 150 00 Dale, Jesse 150 00 Douglass, W 100 00 Davenport, Abraham 125 00 Donnally, J.W 100 00 Duncan, William H 350 00 E. SUMS NAMES. SUBSCRIBED. Estes, Berkley $300 00 Estes, Joseph 200 00 Ellis, John 100 00 Evans, Stephen G 150 00 Easly, Edward 100 00 F. Fenton, Caleb 100 00 Ferguson, James 200 00 Finley, Filander 100 00 Ferguson, John 250 00 Fowler, Joseph 100 00 Field, John H 600 00 G. Gordon, George W 200 00 Gordon, David 500 00 Gordon, James M 150 00 Gentry, R.H 250 00 Guitar, John 1,000 00 George, William N 150 00 Gentry, 0. P 250 00 Grant, Thomas D 300 00 Glenn, Alexander 100 00 GrifFy, Edward B 100 00 Graham, R. M 100 00 Grant, Daniel 150 00 Gosline, William 100 00 Gordon, John B 300 00 H. Hickman. D. N 200 00 Hapden, Richard 100 00 Henderson, John 100 00 Hill, John T 200 00 Haden, J. H 100 00 Hicks, Young E 500 00 Hickman, William T 100 00 Harris, James 100 00 Hockaday, P. B 200 00 Hopper James 100 00 Hickman, Joseph W 100 00 Howard, Joseph B 1,750 00 Huston, William B 150 00 Harris, John W 100 00 Hamilton, F. A 300 00 Harris, Caleb R 400 00 Hitt, William Y 800 00 Hickman, R 100 00 Hannah, Andrew 150 00 Henry, J. T 200 00 Hannah, Samuel 150 00 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 257 SUMS NAMES. SUBSCRIBED, Hudson, Samuel $150 00 Hickam, George L 100 00 Hume, George 100 00 Hunt, L. B 100 00 Hardin, Hannah 500 00 Harris, Overton 100 00 Hudels, Samuel..... 100 00 J. Johnson, Elijah 200 00 Johnston, Noah S 100 00 Johnston, John T. M 100 00 Joel, George 200 00 Jewell, William 1,800 00 Johnston, Jacob S 100 00 Jewell, J. Boyle 100 00 Johnson, J. E 150 00 K. Kirtley, Sinclair.... 800 00 Kuykendall, Jacob 100 00 Kimbrough, George W 100 00 King, James 100 00 Kennan, Samuel 100 00 Keene, John G 100 00 Keene, James S 100 00 Kelly, James 100 00 Kidd, Allen H 100 00 Keene, Richard L 100 00 Kirkbride, Jonathan 500 00 Keene, Henry 125 00 Kernan, JohnA 150 00 Kieth, John 200 00 L. Lenoir, William. B 100 00 Lampton, John 100 00 Lemon, Robert 100 00 Lampton, Joshua 200 00 Lientz, Mont. P 125 00 Lenoir, W. R 100 00 Lowery, James S .' 100 00 Lynch, John H 500 00 Lampton, William 350 00 Lamme, D. S 1,200 00 Lamme, D. S.,L. P. L., &D.S.L. 2,000 00 M. Matthews, James L 100 00 Martin, John 250 00 McClintock, John 150 00 Miller, Thomas 200 00 Maupin, William * 400 00 17 SUMS NAMES. SUBSCRIBED. Maupin, T. C 200 00 McBaine, Turner 100 00 Marney, Amos 500 00 Murrell, Samuel 200 00 McAfee, E. L 200 00 N. Northcutt, George 800 00 Nelson, J. L 150 00 Nelson, J. C 100 00 Norton, Joshua 100 00 Northcutt, Benjamin F 250 00 Nichols, Kobert 100 00 Northcutt, T M 100 00 Nelson, JohnT 100 00 Nelson, Robert 100 00 Northcutt, Joseph 100 00 Northcutt, William, Sr 300 00 Nichols, Isam 500 00 Northcutt, Eli 150 00 O. 0'Rear,E. C 150 00 O'Rear, Jeremiah 100 00 Osburn, John 300 00 P. Parks, Levi 20000 Payne, Noah 100 00 Park, Allen 100 00 Parker, Oliver 2,200 00 Pace, John 100 00 Parker, John 300 00 Palmer, Jas 100 00 Powers, Thos. E 200 00 Payne, Moses U 1,250 00 Prather, Thomas 200 00 Persinger, Alexander 200 00 Parks, Price R 100 00 Phillips, Hiram 500 00 Pockman, John B — lot 305, in Columbia. Prewitt, Moss 1,500 00 Provines, William 400 00 Peebels, A. L 150 00 Peebels, Carey — lot No. 10 in Rocheport. R. Rollins, James S 2,000 00 Richardson, James 500 00 Rollins, Anthony W 1,500 00 Rogers, Frank 300 00 258 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. SUMS NAMES. SUBSCRIBED. Keady, Henry H 500 00 Robnett,W. C 400 00 Ridgway, William 100 00 Robnett, Pleasant SOO 00 Rowland, William 250 00 Riggs, Zadock 100 00 Riggs, Silas 100 00 Roberts, William M 100 00 Rogers, Washington 100 00 Rogers, James 100 00 Robinson, S. S 100 00 Rollins, Robert Rodes 150 00 S. Searcy, Lemuel B 100 00 Shields, William — 40 acres of land. Stone, Madison D 100 00 Samuel, G. W 10000 Stone.William W 100 00 Stone, Nathan 100 00 Snell, RichardD 200 00 Sprinkle, Charles 200 00 Smith, Henry 200 00 Sutton, Seneca 100 00 Spence, Andrt-w 200 00 Slack, John 150 00 Smith, William 100 00 Stone, Caleb S 400 00 Stone, Caleb, Sr 100 00 Selby, Thomas 400 00 Sanford, W. T. B 100 00 T. Turner, A. W 1,500 00 Todd, David * 800 00 Toalson, William 100 00 Tuttle, John 500 00 Tuttle, Gilpin S 200 00 Turner, James 100 00 Turner, J. B 100 00 Turner, Thomas 100 00 SUMS NAMES. SUBSCRIBED. Turner, Jesse 350 00 Turner, .James 100 00 Turner, Benjamin 100 00 Thomas, R. S 500 00 Truitt,W. S 500 00 Todd, R. N. — 6 lots and 200 00 Trigg, Joseph 200 00 Todd, W. B 100 00 Turner, Enoch 200 00 V. Van Doren, Luther H. V 250 00. Yallandingham, James 100 00 Vandyke, Milton 500 OO Vanhorn, John 250 00 Vallandingham, Mathenas — lot 68 in Columbia and.. 100 00 Vivian, J. G 100 00 W. Woodson, Warren. "Wilson, James C... Winn, John Wade, Pierct- Wilson, J.W Wilson, N.W Woods, J. H Wilson, Mrs. C.K.. West, William Ware, John West, James M Wall, Samuel Wilcox, Geo. ii."..., Wilcox, Edwin R .'. Wilcox, Joseph.;.'. Waters, Joseph.... Woods, Joseph D.. Wilhite, Stephen... Woolfolk, John.... Wilcox, Lucy. ..'■.. . Wingo, Thomas.... ,250 oa. 150 00 100 00 100,00 300 00 500 00' 600 00 250 00 100 00 150 00 100 00 500 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 300 00 100 00 The amount bid by Boone County, land and mone}^ was $117,900; Callaway, $96,000; Howard, $94,000; Cooper, $40,000; Cole, $30,- 000. Saline County did not enter the contest. THE UNIVERSITY LOCATED AT COLUMBIA. The law provided, as we have seen, that the five commissioners should meet in the City of Jefferson on the first Monday of June, 1839, HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 25? and thereafter at such times as they might appoint at the county seat of each county mentioned, to receive conveyances of hind and subscriptions of money, to be void if the University was not located at the county seat of the county in which they were made. After visiting all the county seats and receiving bids the commissioners were to return to the seat of government and open the bids; "and the place jDresenting most advantages to be derived to said University, keeping in view the amount subscribed, and locality and general advantages, shall be entitled to its location." It was also provided that each county was privileged to appoint an agent to represent it at the seat of government at the final meeting ot the commissioners whose duty it was to open the bids and make the location. The Boone County Court honored James S. Rollins with the appointment, and most faithfully, most successfully, did he dis- charge its high responsibilities.^ On the 24th of June, 1839, the commissioners, having made the circuit of all the contending counties, examined their proffered sites and received their bids, met in Jefferson City, opened the bids, and awarded the great prize of the location to Columbia, in the county of Boone. The following is a copy of the award : — The Commissioners appointed by law to select a site for the State University have agreed unanimously in the choice of Boone County for its location. Given under our hands at the City of Jefferson, this twenty-fourth day of June, in the year 1839. [Signed] JOHN GANG BRYAN, CH. DURKEE, ARCHIBALD GAMBLE, JOHN S. PHELPS, PETER H. BURNETT. It is an incident worthy of notice that the Commissioners appointed to select the site for the State University, before entering upon their duties as such, met at Jefferson City, the seat of government, and, 1 Extract from the journal of County Court, p. 501: "Tuesday, May 28, 1839. Present — Overton Harris, Hiram Phillips, Mathew R.Arnold, Judges; Warren Wood- son, Clerk; John M. Kelly, Deputy Sheriff. Ordered by the Court that Jas. S. Rollins be and is hereby appointed a Commissioner on the part of this county to meet with the Commissioners appointed to locate the State University, at the seat of government, at such time as said Commissioners shall appoint, for the purpose of being present at the opening and comparing of the bids made by the different counties authorized to bid for said University; and in the event of said Rollins being prevented from attend- ing and acting as said Commissioner that Sinclair Kirtley be appointed to act in his stead, and that a certificate of such appointment be presented. 260 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. after taking the oath required by hiw, visited the counties entitled to bid in the following order, and received their sealed subscriptions, to wit: Cole, Cooper, Saline, Howard, Boone and Callaway. Whilst the Commissioners were visiting Howard County, it was deemed pru- dent that some one from this county should go to Fayette and ascertain, as far as he could, what progress the Commissioners were making in securing subscriptions. The Hon. Jas. S. Rollins was selected for this mission, and in a short time after arriving at Fayette he learned from Col. Joe Davis, a member of the bar, that the citizens had bought and tendered to the Commissioners a handsome farm belonging to Gov. Thos. Reynolds, and which was situated in imme- diate proximity to Howard College, containing 200 acres. This valuable farm was purchased conditionally upon the location of the University at Fayette, for the low sum of $30 per acre, making $6,000, but which the Commissioners valued, in receiving it as part of the bid of Howard County, at $80 per acre, making a difference of $10,000 between the amount agreed to be paid for it by the citizens and the amount at which the Commissioners received it as a part of the bid of that county, and thus adding $10,000 to the bid of Howard County. Mr. Rollins, on his return to Columbia in advance of the Commis- sioners, advised the proper committee here of the above state of facts ; this committee being composed of such men as Robt. S. Barr, Wm. Cornelius, Oliver Parker, Sinclair Kirtley, Warren Woodson, and others, when they determined promptly to pursue a similar policy, and purchase a farm equally as large and contiguous to the proposed site of the University here. Such a tract of land was difficult to be had, when an appeal was made to Mr. J. S. Rollins to sell to them his farm, upon which he was then living and where he now resides, who finally agreed to dispose of one-half of his farm, amounting to 220 acres, including the beautiful grounds owned at present by the Boone County Agricultural and Mechanical Associa- tion, and also the handsome grounds on which was subsequently erected the Hudson mansion, running as far east and southeast as to include the present residence of the Hon. Boyle Gordon, being the southwest fractional quarter of section 18, township 48, range 12, and which he consented to sell at whatever sum the committee might place upon it. The committee fixed the price at $25 per acre, con- ditioned upon the location of the University in the County of Boone, and which for the 220 acres amounted to the sum of $5,500. The Commissioners, after arriving in Columbia, and examining the HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 261 land above descrfbed, valued it at $75 per acre, and thus added $11,^- 000 to the subscription of Boone County, being the difference agreed to be paid to Mr. Rollins, to- wit, the sum of $5,500, and the vahie placed upon it by the Commissioners, to wit, $16,500, and thus fairly in fact making his voluntary subscj'iption $13,000, including the $2,000 which he had already subscribed and which he subsequently paid in cash. The organization of the State University, and the erection of the main edifice followed close upon this act of location. It is still a mat- ter of some importance, to notice that, in pursuance of the purpose of the land grant of 1820, the location of the University was accomplished by the authority of the State, in the most formal, open and public manner, after a free and extensive competition. THE FIRST MEETING OF THE FIRST BOARD OF CURATORS Was held at the site selected for the University on Monday, October 7, 1839. Present : Thomas M. Allen, Eli E. Bass, M. M. Marmaduke, Gabriel Tutt, John T. A. Henderson and William Scott, who sever- ally took the oath of office. There being no quorum the board ad- journed from day to day until Thursday, October 10, when George C. Hart appeared, making a quorum, whereupon the board, assembled on the site selected for the building, proceeded to organize by the election of William Scott, President; Thomas M. Allen, Vice-Presi- dent and William Cornelius, Secretary. On motion of Mr. Marmaduke, the president appointed a committee of five to obtain from architects suitable plans for the principal edifice of the University, and ascertain from competent persons the probable cost of the building if erected according to such plan, and report to the next meeting. Committee : George C. Hart, T. M. Allen, J. T A. Henderson, Dr. John J. Lowry and Robert W. Wells, to which the president (William Scott) was added. On motion of Mr. Hen- derson, the secretary was instructed to take charge of Columbia Col- lege building, which, together with the grounds, had been donated to the State in consideration of the location of tho University at Colum- bia, and of the University grounds, until a president shall be elected. Adjourned to meet on Monday, October 28, 1839, in the Columbia Fenjale Academy, then a one-story brick building, now owned by Dr. S. B. Victor, and situated vvest of the residence of Dr. G. W. Rig- gins on Tenth Street. There was no quorum at this meeting, but a quorum appearing next day, namely, Thomas M. Allen, Eli E. Bass, 2^2 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. John J. Lowiy, Koland Hughes, Irvin O. Hockaday, George C. Hart, P. H. McBride, Thomas West and William Lientz, the board pro- ceeded to the University grounds and examined them. Returning to the academy the board proceeded to an examination of the plans and estimates for the University edifice, whereupon A. S. Hills and Wil- liam M. Winters submitted plans, the first of which (Hill's) was adopted, and $75,000 appropriated for the erection and completion of the building — the building committee of three members T. M. Allen, E. E. Bass and William Lientz was apprflnted to receive bids for the completion of the building according to the plan and specifications adopted. On motion of Mr. Lowry the presidential term was fixed at six years, and his salary at $3,000 per annum. Mr. Lowry submitted the following resolution : — Besolved, That the principal edifice of the University be erected on the eminence south of Columbia, opposite Tenth street. Which was rejected by the following vote : — Yeas — Messrs. Hart, Hockaday, Lowry and McBride — 4. Nays — Messrs. Bass, Hughes, Lientz, West and the Vice President (Allen) — 5. Mr. Hus^hes submitted the followino^ resolution : — Besolved, That the principal edifice of the University of the State of Missouri be erected at or near the centre of the four eleven-acre lots, and fronting Seventh street. Which was rejected by the following vote : — Yeas — Bass, Hockaday and Hughes — 3. Nays — Hart, Lientz, Lovpry, McBride and West — 5. Mr. West submitted the following; resolution : — Besolved, That the principal edifice of the University be erected upon the eminence fronting the south end of Eighth street, and as near as practicable to the line running east and v^^est through the four eleven-acre lots . Which was adopted by a unanimous vote. At a special meeting of the Board, March 31, 1840, the report of the building committee was made and adopted. Present : T. M. Allen, M. M. Marmaduke, E. E. Bass, Wm. Lientz, Thos. D. Grant, Wm. Shields, George Penn and Warren Woodson. The report em- braced a copy of the advertisement for sealed proposals which they had extensively published in the newspapers of this and other States east and south, and also that the lowest bidders were Judson Clement, Phineas Kennon, George D. Foote and Eliott P. Cunningham, who proposed to complete the building according to HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 263 the plan of A. Stephen Hills for $74,494, with James M. Seely, Jacob Hodgeus, Henry Caswell and Robert Dunlap as sureties ; and that they had employed Mr. Hills as architect to superintend the erection of the building. At the meeting on the next day, April 1, 1840, Dr. Anthony W. Rollins took his seat in the Board for the first time. Wm. Scott having resigned his membership, Thos. M. Allen was elected Presi- dent, M. M. Marmaduke Vice President, and Warren Woodson Treasurer of the Board, the latter of whom was required to give a bond of $2,000, which he gave. At a special meeting, July 3, 1840, Dr. Wm. H. Duncan took his seat in the Board for the first time. LAYING THE CORNER STONE. The building committee made a report of the arrangements for laying the corner stone of the edifice, which was adopted, as follows : — They have] fixed on the 4th day of July, instant, as the time of laying the corner- stone of the principal edifice and requested James L. Minor and Uriel "Wright, Esqrs., and Rev. John L. Yantis to deliver addresses appropriate to the occasion, and also Mr. Yantis to officiate as chaplain. Mr. Minor has accepted the invitation and will be with us at the celebration, but Messrs. Wright and Yantis have refused to comply with the call made upon them, and we have supplied the place of chaplain, ten- dered Mr. Yantis, by the appointment of Rev. Robert L. McAfee. Your committee further report that they have given a general invitation through the medium of the Columbia Patriot, and requested other public journals friendly to the institution and X\\e cause of education to insert the same in their prints, to the Governor and officers of State, and to the citizens of this and adjoining counties, to honor us with their presence on that occasion. Your committee have also agreed upon making the following deposits under the corner-stone, viz. : — U. S. coins — 5, 10, 25 and 50-cent pieces. A manuscript copy of the charter of the University, authenticated by the signatures of the Governor and Secretary and the great seal of the State. The names of all the Curators of the University now in office. A list of the donors to the institution and the amount subscribed by each. The following sentences, written in the English, French, Latin and Greek languages : " This is to commemorate the laying of the corner-stone of the principal edifice of the University of the State of Missouri, on this 4th day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty; in the sixty-fifth year of the independence of the United States of North America and fourth of the administration of Martin Van Buren, President, and Richard M. Johnson, Vice President, of said United States. " The twentieth year of the State of Missouri, and fourth of the administration of Lilburn W. Boggs, Governor, and Franklin Cannon, Lieutenant-Governor of said State. '* Names of the present executive officers of the State : James L. Minor, Secretary of State; S. Mansfield Bay, Attorney General: Hiram H. Baber, Auditor of Public Accounts, and James McClelland, State Treasurer." 264 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. ORDER OF PROCESSION. 1st. Governoi' and officers of State, and marshal of the day. 2d. Board of Curators and Secretary and Trustees of Columbia College. 3d. Chaplain and orators of the day. 4th. Principal undertakers of the University, preceded by the architect. 5th. Clergy. 6th. Female teachers and young ladies under their charge. 7th. Male professors and teachers and their students. 8th. Ladies from abroad, town and country. 9th. Invited guests and strangers. 10th. Citizens of the town and county. All of which is respectfully submitted to the Board. (Signed) T. M. ALLEN, ELI E. BASS, WM. LIENTZ, WARREN WOODSON, Committee. Hon. David Todd presided. Prof. John Roche was invited to read the Declaration of Independ- ence on the occasion of the laying of the corner-stone, and the thanks of the Board were tendered him for preparing in Greek, Latin, French and English suitable inscriptions to be deposited in the corner-stone. One thousand copies of the address of James L. Minor were ordered to be published in pamphlet form. ELECTION OF PRESIDENT. Meeting of the Curators, July 3, 1840. — On motion of Mr. Hart the resolution of October 28, 1839, fixing the president's salary at three thousand dollars per annum was rescinded, and on motion of Mr. West it was fixed at $2,500, he furnishing his own house. Recommendations of various distinguished gentlemen residing in different States were then read, whereupon Dr. Duncan nominated Rev. John C. Young, D. D., of Centre College, Kentucky, who was unanimously elected, and Dr. A. W. Rollins, Dr. Wm. H. Duncan and Warren Woodson were appointed to notify him of his election. Meeting of the Curators, October 29, 1840. — Dr. J. C. Young having declined the presidency of the University, on motion of Dr. W. H. Duncan, John H. Lathrop, of Clinton, New York, was unani- mously elected president. Committee to inform him of his election : T. M. Allen, Warren Woodson and W. H. Duncan. Meeting February 1, 1841 — Present, T. M. Allen, John Slack, E» E. Bass, W. H. Duncan, Warren Woodson, T. D. Grant and R. S. Thomas. T. M. Allen re-elected president of the Board ; John Slack, HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 265 vice-president; W. H. Duncan, treasurer (bond $20,000), and R. S. Thomas, secretary, vice Wm. Cornelius, resigned. ACCEPTANCE OF JOHN H. LATHROP. The president submits the following communication "from John H. Lathrop : Hamilton College, N. Y., November 16, 1840. Gentlemen : The mail of Saturday, the 14th, brought to my hands your favor of the 29th ult., announcing my election to the Presidency of Missouri University. After the correspondence I have had vpith Prof. W. W. Hudson, of the substance of which you are doubtless awai'e, it would be affectation in me to ask time to make up my mind on the question presented to me in your note. I accept, gentlemen, the place offered me by the Board of Curators, whom you rep- resent, with a mind open to th€ greatness of the trust I thereby assume, and with the full determination to pursue with zeal, fidelity, and the ability which God has given me,, the high and valuable end for the accomplishment of which the appointment has been made. I notice the ample provision which has been made for the support of the office, a& well as the limitation of the same to the term of six years. These conditions meet with my entire approbation. It is my purpose to resign my post here on the first day of December, and if it be the pleasure of your board, I will regard my connection with the University as com- mencing on that day. My arrival at Columbia must not be looked for earlier than the 12th or 13th of Janu- ary, which, I trust, will be before the adjournment of the Legislature, whom I shall be pleased to see while in session, agreeably to your suggestion. 1 fully appreciate the Importance of enlisting the leading minds in the State in the cause of the University and the cause of education generally. Be pleased, gentlemen, to accept for yourselves, and to convey to the body you rep- resent, my very grateful acknowledgment for the unexpected honor they have conferred upon me. With an unhesitating reliance on the co-operation and indulgent support of the curators, collectively and individually, I look with assured hope to the accomplishment of their just wishes. I am, gentlemen, with very great consideration and respect, your obedient servant,. JOHN H. LATHROP. Thomas M. Allen, Esq., Wm. H. Duncan, Esq., Warren Woodson, Esq., Committee. Meeting, March 1, 1841. — President Lathrop having reached Columbia on the day of , 1841, on motion of Dr. Duncan, a committee — Duncan and Woodson — were appointed to wait upon him and request him to deliver an address at one o'clock that day in the Union Church, which request he complied with by the delivery of a most scholarly and finished address, which made a pro- found impression on all who heard it. :266 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. The buildinff in which this address was delivered, was a small brick structure on the east side of Eighth street, between Broadway and Walnut, and was among the first church buildings in Columbia, It was called Union Church because it was erected under the joint auspices of the Baptist and Methodist denominations.^ A few years ^after the delivery of President Lathrop's address, these denomina- tions, becoming more numerous, sold their interest in the building and erected larger places of worship. The gentlemen who bought the old Union Church, fitted it up for theatrical performances, to which purpose it was devoted until 1856, when it became the property of Col. W. F. Svvitzler, who, purchasing the Guitar mansion adjacent, tore down the front of the church and converted the east half of it into a kitchen and servant's room. It, and the residence adjoining, are now owned by Jefferson Garth. On March 20, 1841, W. H. Duncan, John Slack and R. S.Thomas, Building Committee of the Board of Curators, received proposals for the erection of "a family house," on University ground, meaning thereby a residence for the President and his family. This building was destroyed by fire in November, 1865. The first report made by Dr. Duncan, as treasurer of the Board, was at a meeting held at his office, on November 29, 1841, and it showed — receipts, $21,301.85 ; disbursements, $21,281.85, leaving in his hands a balance of $20. How strangely these small sums contrast with the much larger ones at later periods in the history of the insti- tution. Even at this early time the subject of dormitories for the accomrao- ■dation of students was in the mind of the Board, for at the meeting of November 29, 1841, the president's report was taken up, and in compliance with a suggestion therein, the Building Committee was in- tructed to take into consideration the propriety of so changing the plan of the principal edifice as that dormitories may be secured in the upper stories. The plan, however, was deemed impracticable, and therefore was not adopted ; but the idea was not abandoned, for in other reports of the president and in subsequent proceedings of the Board, the subject of providing cheap accommodations and cheap boarding for students was frequently discussed. President Lathrop entered upon the duties of his office on March 1, 1 Dr. Wm. Jewell, a Baptist, and Rev. Moses IT. Payne, a Methodist, contributed nearly aU the means to erect the building. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 267 1841 ; and, in accordance with his views, the curators deemed it ex- pedient that courses of instruction should be opened in the old Colum- bia College building, in order to the preparation of students for the regular University classes, when the new edifice should be completed and a Faculty of Arts fully organized. In accordance with this view, courses of instruction were opened on Wednesday, April 14, 1841, in the College building, with John H. Lathrop as president, and Wm. W. Hudson, George Hadley and Wm. Van Doran, professors. In a report made to the Board by President Lathrop, September 30, 1842, he informed them that the whole number of students to whom instruc- tion had been rendered up to that time was seventy-four. Of this number, two — Robert Levi and Robert Barr Todd, the former now cashier of the Exchange National Bank of Columbia and secretary of the Board of Curators; the latter, one of the judges of the Supreme Court of Louisiana — had been prepared for the Senior Class ; four for the Junior, eight for the Sophomore and eighteen for the Freshman Class. FIRST UNIVERSITY ORATORICAL EXERCISES IN THE COLLEGE CHAPEL. The first examination of the classes of the Collegiate and Primary Departments of the University occurred in the chapel of Columbia College, during the last week in April, 1842, concluding with a public exhibition in the old Christian Church. The three days devoted to the examinations were characterized by the Patriot at the time as *' auspicious days," and that none "brighter ever dawned upon the literary destinies of old Boone." The following is a copy of the pro- gramme of the public exhibition, which possesses peculiar interest, among other reasons because it is the first University oratorical exer- cise in the history of the institution : — Orations. — Isaac McCoy, Aspects of the Material Universe; Luther T. Collier, Literature of the West; William White, Eeputation; Thomas C. Ready, Early Years of Washington ; Alonzo Richardson, Political Morality; William H. Robinson, Ameri- can Revolution : Thomas J. Hardin, Patriotism ; Odon Guitar, Fame — an incentive to Virtue ; Absalom Hicks, Mental Progress. Disputation. — William H. Allen and John C. Scott, Was the Coniinement of Bona- parte in St. Helena justiliable? Orations. — Thomas M.Richardson, Instability of Greatness; John Wilson, Moral Power; Richard E. Turner, State of the Union; Lewis Dameron, Biography. Disputation. — James H. Parker and William W. Todd, Comparative Merits of ■Columbus and Washington. Orations. — James H. Moss, History; Robert B. Todd, Diversities of Taste and Sentiment ; Stephen Bedford, Political Education of American Youth. 268 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. Eulogy. — Eobert A. Grant, Lafayette. Orations. — William P. Thomas, Mental Power; Eobert L. Todd, Literary Eenown,- Colloquy. — Sleep (anonymous actors), James H. Moss and Eobert B. Todd. The report made by the board of curators to Hon. James L. Minor^ Secretary of State, among many other thhigs, stated that the contribu- tions of the citizens of Boone to the State of Missouri in consideration of the location of the University at Columbia amounted to $82,300 in cash and $36,000 in lands. Also that the proceeds arising from the sale of seminary lands is a trust held and administered by the State for the benefit of the University, that in the conversion of this trust into money a policy was pursued by the State extremely liberal to the settler, and that the lands were sold at minimum prices, and in the aggregate at a rate very greatly below their real value. The proceeds of these sales amounted to a fraction less than $78,000. This sum was invested by the State in stock of the Bank of the State of Mis- souri, and, as ordered by law, it there remained until the investment by dividends reached $100,000. The dividends in 1838 amounted to $4,302.38; 1839, $9,945.40; 1840, $6,051.53; in 1841, nothing; in 1842, $3,421.91. These four dividends, added to principal, amounted to $101,662.30, or 1,662.30 over and above the maximum of $100,000 and therefore a sum available for the use of the University. As the University relied solely for support on the tuition paid by students and the small and precarious dividends of the bank, the Board of Curators experienced great difficulty in continuing the insti- tution. Fully understanding the embarrassments which on every hand confronted the board, and deeply sympathizing with them in the troubles by which they were environed, on January 28, 1843, President Lathrop, in a spirit of self-sacrifice and commendable liberality, volun- tarily proposed that, from and after the first of July ensuing, the emoluments of the President of the University be only $1,250, together with the use of the President's house, and $5 per scholar per annum, which proposition, on motion of Dr. Duncan, was unanimously adopted. AMENDING THE GEYER ACT OF 1839. On the twenty-fourth of February, 1843,^ an act was approved amendatory of certain provisions of the act of February 11, 1839. 1 See Session Acts 1843, p. 148. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 269 Under this amendatory act so much of the last named law as provided for colleges and academies in different parts of the State, under the visitorial power of the curators, was repealed, and the power was con- ferred on the Board of Curators to appoint the necessary professors and tutors of the University, and to fix their compensation. No one of the professors or tutors was allowed to exercise the functions of a Ijishop, priest, clergyman or teacher of any religious persuasion, denomination, society or sect, whatsoever, during his continuance in office. The act also provided that the compensation of the president, pro- fessors and tutors shall be fixed annually, and any of them may be removed at the pleasure of the curators. Also, that so much of the act as requires a curator to be thirty years of age was repealed, and that each curator shall be not less than twenty-five years of age. The curators were authorized to sell all the lands conveyed to the State for the benefit of the University, with the exception of twenty acres for a university site, on such terms as the curators shall deem best for the interest of the institution, and to convey the same to pur- chasers by deed under their common seal. The proceeds of the sale of said lands to be applied to the payment of the debts contracted by the curators ; and if there should be any surplus remaining after the payment of said debts, the same to be applied in the manner deemed best for the benefit of said University. An act was also approved February 28, 1843, i providing for semi- annual meetings of the Board of Curators in April and October, fixing the number to constitute a quorum, and making it the duty of the Auditor of Public Accounts to report to each meeting the increase of the seminary fund. 1 See Session Acts 184:3, p. 149. 270 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. CHAPTER YI. HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY — Continued. University building dedicated July 4, 1843 — Organization of the Institution — Estab- lishment of the several professorships — Medical Department established in St. Louis — Act of 1848-49 — President's salary fixed — Resignation of President Lathrop — Election of James Shannon as his successor in September 1849 — Resolution of the Curators in regard to President Lathrop — Discussion and excitement over the McCracken amendment — Public dinner to President Lathi'op — President Shannon — Tribute to him by the students of Bacon College — Prof. Hudson made President ad interim — Inauguration of President Shannon, July 4, 1850 — Portrait of Presi- ident Lathrop — Proceedings of the Curators in regard to it — Affray between Tutor R. A. Grant and Student George P. Clarkson — Proposals to erect for the President a family house — President Shannon declines a re-election and Prof. W. W. Hudson was elected President for six years — Death of President Hudson — Dr. A. T. Bled- soe elected President, and he declines — The University reconstructed, with Prof. Matthews as Chairman of the Faculty. DEDICATION OF THE UNIVERSITY BUILDING, JULY 4, 1843. At a meeting of the Board of Curators, held on May 15, 1843, and in accordance with a suggestion of President Lathrop, arrangements were made for the formal dedication of the University building to the purposes for which it had been erected, and according to the following programme : — 1. A procession from the court-house to the Chapel of the University. 2. Music. 3. Prayer by Rev. T. M. Allen. 4. Music. 5. Address to the President by Wm. G. Minor, of Jefferson City, Missouri, and the delivery of the key of the building by him, in the name of the Board. 6. Address by President Lathrop. 7. Music. 8. Benediction. The following account of the dedicatory ceremonies is from the Columbia Statesman of July 5, 1843 : — DEDICATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI. The 4th of July, 1843, will long be remembered by the citizens of Boone County, and the immense concourse of visitors and strangers who assembled here on that day to perform a high and patriotic duty. The occasion was the dedication of the University- of the State to its appropriate uses. * * * Singularly auspicious to the occasion, the morning was ushered in by as bright a sun as ever shed radiance from a cloudless sky. * * * HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 271 Early in the day, and up to the hour of ten, every road leading to our town poured' in a continual accession of human beings — thus attesting that the people of the county ,. unexampled heretofore in the liberality of their donations to the University, vpere now equally munificent in a feeling of interest for its contemplated dedication to the cause of Mind. About half past nine the doors of the edifice were thrown open for the admission of the ladies, and in a short time the beautiful and capacious gallery which girts the semi- circular wall of the Chapel was filled for the first time, and that to overflowing, with the "beauty and fashion" of the land. At ten o'clock, under the control and direction of the Grand Marshal of the day,. Nathaniel W. Wilson, Esq., a procession was formed in front of the court-house, which, composed of the Boards of Instruction and Curators, students of the University and District School, and of strangers and citizens generally, marched majestically to the strains of a band of music, and reached the University building about the hour of eleven. The exercises of the day were opened by a solemn and impressive invocation to the Throne of Grace by Elder T. M. Allen. Whereupon, William G. Minor, Esq., on be- half of the Board of Curators, delivered the key of the University to the President — accompanying the duty with a short, eloquent and appropriate address. Mr. Minor having concluded, the President of the University, John H.Lathrop, arose and enchained the attention of the vast auditory for upwards of an hour, in the delivei'y of a most able and eloquent inaugural. The address of the President was concluded about half-past one o'clock, and the audience, after a benediction by Elder T. M. Allen, dispersed. ORGANIZATION OF THE UNIVERSITY. At the meeting of the Board, May 16, 1843, the committee appointed to consider that portion of President Lathrop's communication which related to the complete organization of the University, namely, War- ren Woodson, W. H. Duncan, Joseph Carpenter and John Slack, reported that five professorships were essential to give the institution a respectable standing, and that therefore they recommend the estab- lishment of the following chairs : — 1st. Of Ethics, History, Civil Polity and Political Economy. 2d. Metaphysics, Logic, Ehetoric and English Literature. 3d. Ancient and Modern Languages and Literature. 4th. Mathematics, Natural Philosophy and Astronomy. 5th. Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Botany, Natural History and Physiology. At a meeting held on September 6, 1843, Robert S. Thomas waa elected to chair second ; George C. Pratt, to chair third ; W. W. Hudson, to chair fourth, and Edward H. Leffingwell, to chair fifth — the president filling the first chair. At a special meeting of the Board held January 21, 1845, it was ordered that their annual report to the Secretary of State, of October, 1844, be recorded. This report was due in October, 1843, but was 272 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. not made, for the reason that a quoriiin sufficient to transact busi- ness at an annual meeting could not be had. This is a very long and interesting paper, and is to be found on the 137th and subsequent pag^s of the Board's Journal. We make these extracts from it : — The curators have the satisfaction now to state that the commodious and splendid ■edifice — the erection of whicli was committed to their charge — has been completed, and which for permanency, symmetry, style and finish will compare well with any build- ing of the same cost in the United States. It has been upwards of four years since the foundation, including the basement story, was laid, and two years since the whole weight of the superstructure has rested thereon ; yet there is no appearance of the least defect in the walls or foundation. The salary of the president is now fixed, and has been since the 1st day of July, 1843, at f 1,250, with f 100 additional for the hire of a servant to keep the house in order, etc., and one-sixth of the accruing tuition fees. Prior to the above date this salary was $2,500 per annum without perquisites. The salary of each professor, at $500 and one-sixth part of said fees. The remain- ing one-sixth the Board has been under the necessity of appropriating to the fitting up of certain rooms in the University building. So hard has the Board been pressed to carry on the institution, that they have been forced to take from the faculty a poi'tion of the tuition fees, which is at present their only support. The tuition fees, at $30 per year, or $10 per session, amounting in all to something like $1,800 per annum thus far. Among the items reported as disbursed or paid is the following : $70,281.08 paid contractors for building University edifice. Amount stipulated to be paid contractors for original contract, $74,494. Amount allowed them for extra work on account of the enlargement of the building, the substitution of copper instead of zinc for roofing, finish of octagon and space within the same, etc., $4,600. Balance due contractors, without interest, $8,812.12. SEMINARY LANDS AND BANK DIVIDENDS. Session of the Legislature, 1846-7 : From an act directing the Register of Lands to procure from the Commissioner of the General Land Office copies of documents relating to the seminary lands and file the same in his office ; also making it his duty to make out a com- plete list of said lands, specifying range, township and county, mark- ing such as had been sold, the time when sold, to whom, what remaining unsold, and to file a copy of said paper with the Secretary of the Board of Curators. See Session Acts of 1846-7, pp. 131-2. Two acts passed during the same session in regard to bank divi- dends — requiring the Bank of Missouri to report the amount of HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 273 dividends accruing on stock held in trust for the University to the Treasurer of the Board of Curators, and to pay over to him or place to his credit the same. See Session Acts 1846-7,. pp. 136-7. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT ESTABLISHED. At a meeting of the Board January 26, 1846, President Lathrop, at that time being under the law ex-officio a member of the Board, offered an ordinance to establish the medical department of the Uni- versity, the faculty of which was authorized to hold their sessions and deliver their course of instruction in the city of St. Louis. A vote being taken oi:^ the first clause, which established the medical faculty and named the professors thereof, it resulted : — Yeas — T. M. Allen, W. H. Duncan, T. B. Grant, J. H. Lathrop, Moss Prewitt,, Alex. Persinger, John Slack and Warren Woodson — 8. Nays — Joseph Carpenter and W. A. Robards — 2. Excused from voting — Eli E. Bass and Caleb S. Stone. The vote on the sixth clause, which authorized the medical faculty to hold their sessions and deliver their courses of instruction in St. Louis, was as follows : — Yeas — Allen, Bass, Duncan, Grant, Lathrop, Prewitt, Perslnger, Slack, Stone and Woodson — 10. Nays — Carpenter and Robards — 2. After the adoption of an additional clause to the effect that this connection with the St. Louis Medical College is made upon the ex- press condition that it may at any time be dissolved by a vote of the Board at an annual meeting, the Board elected the following professors of the medical department : — Joseph N. McDowell, M. D., professor of Anatomy and Surgery. Thomas Barbour, M. D., Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children. J. B. Johnson, M. D., Pathology and Chemical Medicine. Edward H. Leffingwell, M. D., Chemistry and Pharmacy. Richard F. Barrett, M. D., Materia Medica and Physiology. John S. Moore, M. D., Theory and Practice of Medicine. The president of the University was made ex-officio president of the medical faculty, and the professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy in the faculty of medicine ex-officio professor of Chemistry, Natural History, etc., in the Faculty of Arts. The preparatory department in the Uni- versity was instituted, and the tutor's salary fixed at $250, in addition to a contingent sum equal to one twelfth of the tuition fees. The committee on lands was instructed to sell the old CoUesre 18 274 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. building and grounds for $1,500, and 80 acres of land on Perche Creek for $50. This land now belongs to . The College and grounds attached (about seven acres), were sold to Eobert S. Thomas for the sum mentioned on a credit of 6, 12, and 18 months. Two nominations were made for tutor in the preparatory depart- ment, viz. : Robert L. Todd, and Tliomas H. Bradford ; vote: Todd, 5; Bradford, 4. Todd declared elected. Mr. Todd declining to ac- cept, at a meeting held April 27, 1846, Robert A. Grant was elected tutor. Meeting July 29, 1846. — John C. Edwards, Governor of the State, took his seat as a Curator. The degree of Bachelor of Arts was granted to Wm. Henry Allen, Thompson Burnham, John Scott Clarkson, Luther Todd Collier, Lewis Taylor Dameron and John Henley Moore, and the president was empowered to confer the same by diploma at commencement on the 30th inst. RE-ELECTION OF PRESIDENT LATHROP. Meeting of September 21, 1846. — John H. Lathrop re-elected president of the University. Meeting of February 24, 1847. — James S. Rollins appeared as a member of the Board for the first time. Salary of the tutor in the preparatory department fixed at $300, and one-twelfth of the tuition fees, the honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred on Wm. H. Duncan, M. D., of Columbia, Missouri. Meeting July 28, 1847. — The honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine conferred on Wm. Jewell, M. D., of Columbia, and the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws on Thomas Hart Benton. ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE, 1848-9. For an act increasins^ the number of Curators to eighteen — one from each judicial circuit and four from the county of Boone — fixing their terms of office, times of meeting, and compensation, said com- pensation to be paid out of the seminary fund ; prescribing the man- ner of filling vacancies, and the number necessary to constitute a quorum, etc., see Session Acts of 1848-9, pp. 129-30. For an act providing for a Normal Professorship in the University, / prescribing the duties of county courts in the selection of students for free education in the same, etc., see same acts, pp. 130-1. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 275 For an act authorizing the curators to appropriate the remainder of the subscription fund to the improvement of walks leading to and from the University, outside of the campus ; also authorizing the Curators to audit and allow any debt justly due by the trustees of Columbia Col- lege at the time of the location of the University, and to pay the same out of auA^ money belonging to the subscription fund, or which may be collected from it, provided said debts do not amount to more than :$300 ; also an act requiring the State Auditor to certify to the treas- urer of the Curators the balance of the subscription fund, uncollected, and authori-zing the Board to employ some person to collect the same, see same acts, pp. 131-2, PROCEEDINGS OF THE CURATORS RESUMED. Meeting January 29, 1849. — Dr. Abram Litton, of St. Louis, ■elected to the vacant chair of Physical Science at a salary of $600 per annum and $2.50 per session on each student. On motion of Mr. Rollins a committee of three — Rollins, Lathrop, and Robards — was appointed to call the attention of the General Assembly to the necessity and propriety of making an appropiation out of the com- mon school fund of the State for the purpose of establishing a profes- sorship in the University to be devoted to the theory and practice of teaching. President Lathrop having been called to the presidency of the Uni- versity of Wisconsin at a salary of $2,000 per annum, and it being deemed probable he would resign, Thomas D. Grant offered a resolu- tion, as an inducement for him to continue his connection with our University that his salary be fixed at $1,650, per annum (it was then only $1,250) with use of the president's house and grounds, and $2.50 per session on each student over 80; also $100, as heretofore, for servants' hire and that the present term of service of the President be extended four years after the expiration of the term for which he was last elected. Passed unanimously, and a committee — T. M. Allen, J. L. Mathews, and Moss Prewitt — were appointed to request his acceptance of the above proposal. RESIGNATION OF PRESIDENT LATHROP. Meeting May 14, 1849. — . A communication was received from President Lathrop stating that it was his intention to send in his resignation at the next July meeting of the board, to take effect at a 276 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. day he will then designate ; and that he gave this early notice in order that in the interval such measures may be adopted for filling the vacancy as may be judged expedient : whereupon a committee was appointed to obtain and report to the Board at its next meeting such information as in their opinion may aid the board in making a proper selection of a successor. Committee : Eli E. Bass, Addison M. Lewis, William D. McCracken, Robert Brown and Turner R. H. Smith. On motion of Mr. Brown it was resolved, after much discussion and various amendments that, after the first Monday of April, 1850, the president's permanent salary shall be $2,000 per annum with the use of the president's house and grounds, and $2.50 per session on each scholar above eighty, with $100 for servants' hire as here- tofore. Meeting of September 3, 1849 — Present — C. S. Stone, president, of the board; J. L. Matthews, W. H. Duncan, F. R. Palmer, W. D. McCracken, William Claude Jones, Alton Long, H. C. Dunn, A. M. Lewis and T. R. H. Smith. President Lathrop tendered his resigna- tion to take effect September 22d. Li liis report to the board, after giving a detailed account of the condition and wants of the institution,. President Lathrop concludes as follows : — During my first term of office, in consideration of tlie depressed condition of tlie finances of the institution, I remitted a considerable portion of my salary for a series of years. Tlie sum total of these benefactions ranges between $2,500 and f 3,000. This sum which is now in the treasury, has been abstracted from the patrimony of my chil- dren. It \s just to them, that this fund should be set apart, and appropriated to some valuable university interest, which shall stand as a perpetual memorial of their father's bounty. Should the board agree with me in the principle of this suggestion, there will be no difficulty in ascertaining the amount of the fund, nor in settling on some; valuable interest, to which it may be appropriated. ELECTION OF JAMES SHANNON AS PRESIDENT. On the next day the board proceeded to the election of a president- Mr. Lewis nominated James Shannon, president of Bacon College,. Kentucky, and Mr. Jones nominated Dr. Hiram P. Goodrich, of St. Louis. The vote stood: Shannon, 9; Goodrich, 1; whereupon Mr. Shannon was declared duly elected. Professor Hudson was au- thorized to act as President until the President-elect entered upon his office. The next day Mr. Long asked permission to change his vote from. Mr. Shannon to Dr. Goodrich, which was granted. HISTORr OF BOONE COUNTY. 277 RESOLUTIONS OF RESPECT FOR PRESIDENT LATHROP. The following resolution was introduced by Wm. Claude Jones :< — Resolved, That we have the highest confidence in the learning, talents, integrity and upright moral character of President John H. Lathrop, and while we deeply regret the loss of his valuable services to our State Unioersity, we cordially recommend him to the confi- dence of that community wherever his lot may be cast. W. D. McCracken offered the following amendment to the above resolution : — Amend by striking out all after word "and" in the third line down to the word "we" in the fourth line; that is, the words printed in italics. The vote being first taken upon the amendment, the ayes and noes were called, and stood as follows : — Ayes — Stone, Duncan, McCracken, Palmer, Lewis and Smith — 6. Noes — Matthews, Long and Jones — 3. Thus the amendment passed. The vote then came up upon the resolution as amended, and the ayes and noes being called, were as follows : — Ayes — Matthews, Long, McCracken, Palmer, Jones and Smith — 6. Noes — Stone, Duncan and Lewis — 3. Which was adopted. The following is the resolution as amended : — Resolved, That we have the highest confidence in the learning, talents, integrity and upright moral character of President John H. Lathrop, and we cordially recommend him to the confidence of that community wherever his lot may be cast. C. S. Stone asked permission to have his protest to the foregoing resolution spread upon the journal. The Board, after hearing it read, granted the request. The following is THE PROTEST : C. S. Stone protests against the foregoing resolution. He believes Mr, Lathrop to be a good scholar and a man calculated to do good. He does not entertain the highest confidence in the learning, talents, integrity and upright moral character of John H. Lathrop, there being other men for whom he entei'tains higher confidence in all these particulars. W. C. Jones introduced the following resolution, which passed : — Resolved, That a select committee of three be appointed to take into consideration so much of the communication of President J. H. Lathrop to the present Board as relates to the amount of funds which he claims to have donated to the University, and that said com- mittee report at the next meeting of the Board of Curators. Committee — Duncan, Matthews and Smith. 278 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. PUBLIC DINNER TO PRESIDENT LATHROP. « The resignation of President Lathrop, as many of his friends believed: it to have been partly inspired by political influences adverse to his- administration, caused the deepest solicitude among many of the old- est and most steadfast friends of the University. Public and private- discussions of the causes which it was believed, in part, brought about his^retirement from the institution, together with the proceedings of" the Board of Curators, especially its raising the President's salary immediately after his resignation, and the adoption of the McCrackeii amendment, produced the greatest excitement and widespread dissat- isfaction in the community. Angry discussions followed in the news- papers, embracing the wide range of all the topics having any relation to the subject. We have not room in this volume either to reproduce the sharp and disagreeable issues which were made and discussed, or the discussions themselves ; suffice it to say that the proceedings of the Board caused the friends of President Lathrop, very largely with- out distinction of party, and wholly without distinction of sect, to ten- der him the compliment of a public dinner on Saturday, September 29, 1849, previous to his departure for Wisconsin, which he ac- cepted. At a public meeting held in the court-house on Friday evening, Sep- tember 14 — Warren Woodson, Chairman, Jesse Kennard, Secretary — a Committee of Arrangements, consisting of thirty-two citizens, with Dr. Wm. Jewell as Chairman, was appointed, to see that the dinner was furnished on September 29, and arrange the programme. The meeting also appointed a committee of twenty on resolutions, as fol- lows : James S. Rollins, Chairman; Thomas M. Allen, Dr. J. F. Buster, Lemuel Noble, Eobt^ L. Todd, Philip Crow, Alex. Douglass, John Slack, Thomas Wingo, Ishmael Vanhorn, Sam- uel A. Young, F. Wm. Hackman, RoUin Lyman, Dr. A. H. Robinson, Wm. F. Switzler,. Dr. J. C. Page, Thomas C. Maupin, Robert Lemon, D. M. Hickman, and Wm. S. Mosley. PROGRAMME OF EXERCISES. The Committee of Arrangements made and published the follow- ing : — 1. Maj. John Slack, President, and Messrs. John H. Field and Dr. Wm. McClure, Yice Presidents. 2. Music by the Band. 3. Address, at 11 o'clock a. m., by Robert L. Todd, Esq., on behalf of the Alumni of the University. HISTORY or BOONE COUNTY. 279 4. Music by the Band. 5. Address by President Lathrop. 6. Music by the Band. 7. Kesolutions read, and an address on behalf of the citizens, byMaj. J. S. Rollins. 8. Vote on the resolutions by the citizens. 9. Music by the Band. 10. Dinner at 2 o'clock, Saturday, September 29th. President Lathrop, speakers and officers, toajether with the ladies, occupying the first table. 11. Chief Marshal of the day, David M. Hickman. As ample provision will be made for all who may attend, the Committee of Arrange- ments hereby cordially invite not only the ladies and gentlemen of our county, but the citi- zens of the whole State. W. JEWELL, Chaii'man of Committee of Arrangements. The dinner was served in magnificent style, pursuant to programme, Thomas Selby, Superintendent, and in a sugar-tree grove adjoining and north of the residence of Hon. J. S. Rollins. Notwithstanding the inclemency of the day, occasioned by repeated showers of rain, between two and three thousand people, male and female, assembled to do honor to their distinguished guest. The Columbia Statesman, of October 5, 1849, thus notices the dinner, addresses, resolutions, etc. : — Maj. John Slack, assisted by John H. Field, Esq., and Dr. W. McClure, Vice Presidents, presided on the occasion — Wm. F. Switzler acting as Secretary. The assembly being seated at the stand and called to order, the programme of exercises was announced — after which Robt. L. Todd, Esq., on behalf of the Alumni of the University, delivered a very chaste and beautiful address, full of pleasant memories of the past, high esteem for the honored head of his alma mater, and fervent wishes for his usefulness and prosperity in the new field to which he is called. After music by the band came the cardinal point of interest, the speech of President Lathrop. And what shall we, what can we, say of such a speech without doing it injustice? In elegance of diction, scope, and power of thought, and caustic rebuke, we never expect to hear its like again. Feeling that those who are " clothed with a little brief authority," had attempted an everlasting libel upon his fame — had, in voting the "McCi'acken proviso." done great violence to his reputation — he proved himself equal to the crisis, and by a sar- casm that scathed and blasted like the sirocco carried everything before him. His speech was frequently interrupted by rapturous applause, while smiles of approval and evidences of regard marked the "sea of upturned faces" before him. It was perfectly evident during the delivery of his speech, and before the vote was taken, that the people, believing it a high moral duty to protect the reputation of literary men, were prepared to "repudiate, condemn, and reverse, with one voice and with emphasis," the judgment of the Board of Curators, and nobly did they do it! President Lathrop having concluded, the Secretary reported from the committee appointed at a previous meeting the following resolutions: — 1. Resolved, That the resolution introduced at the meeting of the Board of Curators on the 5th inst. by W. C. Jones, Esq., and which was mutilated by a majority of said Board by striking out a material part of it, be adopted by this meeting without alteration, amend- ment or erasure, in the exact words it was originally introduced, as follows : ^^ Resolved, That we have the highest confidence in the learning, talents, integrity and upright moral 280 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. character of President John H. Lathrop, and while we deeply regret the loss of his valuable services to our State University, we cordially recommend him to the confidence of that com- munity wherever his lot may be cast." 2. Resolved, That this community, en masse, without distinction of party, sect, or condi- tion, having had ample means of forming a correct judgment of President Lathrop as a scholar, officer, and citizen, cannot consent, either directly or indirectlj^, to indorse the pro- ceedings of a majority of the Board of Curators on the 5th inst., iii striking from the above resolution the expression of regret at the loss of his valuable services to our State Universitj', but on the contrary we hereby repudiate, condemn, and reverse, with one voice and with emphasis, this proceeding of a majority of said board, as an act of injustice to President Lathrop, believing it calculated, where the facts are unknown, to injure the char- acter and standing of a highly meritorious gentleman and eminent scholar. After the reading of the resolutions, and another air by the band. Judge Woodson de- livered an address expressive of the views and feelings of the citizens, and in favor of the resolutions. This address embraced much of the written and unwritten history of the University, from its organization to this time, and was a powerful vindication of President Lathrop's administration. It brought out facts new and old, and placed men and thing sin their proper light before the public. To a few men it was perfectly overwhelming, for it traced their inconsistencies, measures of mischief in the Legislature and elsewhere, and their petty personal prejudices with a master hand. This address, too, was received with repeated demonstrations of applause. Next in the order of exercises was read an admirable letter from Elder Thomas M. Allen. This letter was greeted with marks of satisfaction and approval by the audience. It breathed a spirit highly creditable to its honored and much esteemed author, and expressed in felicitous style and language not only our own sentiments but the sentiments of this community in regard both to President Lathrop and his successor. As for ourself we indorse every word of it. The vote upon the resolutions being about to be taken. Dr. T. E. H. Smith, one of the curators who had voted for the "McCracken proviso," asked if the resolutions were debata- ble. It was then moved and carried by acclamation that leave be granted any one to speak who wished to do so. Dr. Smith then took the stand and made a brief explanation, personal to himself, in regard to his vote as a curator, protesting that his motives were pure in what he had done; after which Wm. F. Switzler made a few remarks upon the resolutions them- selves, contending for their adoption. The President then stated the question and put the vote, and there arose from the vast concourse almost one unanimous aye ! but three to five persons voting in the negative — just enough to save President T^athrop from the Scripture malediction : " Cursed are ye when all men speak well of j'ou." Dinner was then announced, and the assembly retired in perfect order to the sumptuous tables. By universal concession, the dinner was the most magnificent affair of the kind ever witnessed in this part of the country. After dinner the crowd reassembled at the stand, and listened with high satisfaction to a speech from Col. Samuel A. Young. It was one of the Colonel's happiest efforts, and called forth repeated rounds of applause. The newly elected President, James Shannon, reached Columbia, to determine whether he would accept or decline the office, on Monday, October 8, 1849, and President Lathrop and family left for Madison, Wisconsin, on the following day. TRIBUTE TO PRESIDENT SHANNON. On June 12, 1850, the students of Bacon College, Harrodsburg, HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 281 T^y., met in Newton Hall, W. J. Miles, Chairman, and D. R. A. C. Hundley, Secretary, and passed the following resolutions : — 1. Resolved, That we deeply regret to part with our talented and highly esteemed Presi- dent, whose gentlemanly demeanor and Christian conduct, whose unflinching adherence to just principles and fearless advocacy of truth have endeared him to us all, and gained for him an extended, lasting and enviable reputation. 2. Resolved, That the citizens of Kentucky, and especially the friends and students of Bacon College, have lost in him a successful teacher, a clear, faithful and uncompromising ■expounder of the Word of Life, and one of the brightest and purest ornaments of the age in '.which he lives. 3. Resolved, That we most heartily congratulate the students of Missouri University on •the selection of such a man to preside over their institution, in whom they will ever find a ffaithful instructor and a feeling friend. 4. Resolved, That he carries with him our most ardent prayers for his future success and happiness. Curators' Meeting, November 9, 1849 : — A letter from James Shan- non, dated Paris, Mo., October 23, 1849, was presented and spread upon the record, accepting the presidency on certain conditions. His appointment was for six years. He desired it during good behavior, and that there should be no objection to his " continuing as hereto- fore to preach the unsearchable riches of Christ." Continuing, lie said : "If the Curators deem it advisable to change the tenure of office so as to make it during good behavior, the}^ may regard this as my acceptance of the presidency." Mr. Lon"- introduced the following : — 1. Resolved, That the Secretary of this Board be required to inform President Shan- non that he is requested to enter upon his duties as President of the University of the "State of Missouri, subject to the restrictions of the Laws of the State regulating said University. 2. Resolved, That the resolution passed at the September meeting of the Board of '<]ui-ators, fixing the term of office of President at six years, be, and the same is hereby re- scinded. Dr. Smith moved to amend the first resolution by striking out all after the word " resolved," and inserting the following : — That the tenure of office of the President of the University of Missouri be during good ihehavior. Mr. Long moved to amend the amendment as follows : — Strike out all after the word "during," and insert "the pleasure of the Board." The vote being taken the amendment to the amendment was rejected, .us follows : — Ayes — Corby, Matthevps and Long — 3. JNays — Stone, Levpis, McElhaney, Duncan, Smith, Brovrn and Dunn — 7. 282 HISTOEY OF BOONE COUNTY. Mr. Long then introduced another amendment to the aaiendment^ as follows : — Strike out all after the word "be," and insert " the same as that of the Professors of the University." Vote the same as before : lost, whereupon the question being upon Dr. Smith's amendment, it was adopted, as follows : — Ayes — Stone, Lewis, McElhaney, Duncan, Smith, Brown and Dunn — 7. Nays — Corby, Matthews and Long — 3. The second resolution oiFered by Mr. Long was then withdrawn.. Mr. Corby introduced the following : Resolved, That in the election of President Shannon to the office of President of the- University of the State of Missouri, the Board of Curators hereby neither affirm nor deny the right of President Shannon to exercise his functions as a clergyman during his continuance- in said office, subjecting the same to the operation of the laws governing said University. Dr. McElhany moved to lay the resolution on the table. Carried — Messrs. Corby and Long voting against the motion and the balance- for it. The Board having complied with all his conditions, President Shan- non was therefore President of the University. An important resolution was adopted (on motion of Dr. Smith), . concerning the education of poor young men in the State, substantially as follows : — Resolved, That indigent young men in the State of Missouri, possessing good moral' character and respectable talents, and not under fourteen years of age, be permitted to attendi the University of Missouri by pajdng the contingent fee of one dollar a year, and the Treas- urer of the Board is authorized to furnish certificates to all who may present satisfactory evidence from the Curator or Curators, approved by the Judge of the Circuit Court of his or their Judicial Circuit, from whence recommendations must come as to the worthiness of the applicants desirous to avail themselves of the benefits of this ordinance. Meeting* March 18, 1850. — George C. Pratt tendered his resigna- tion as Professor of Languages and the thanks of the board were tendered him for the able, faithful and successful manner in which he had discharged his duty. The president ad interim, Prof. W. W. Hudson, — President Shannon not having entered upon his duties until the beginning of the next session, — was requested to make such division of the duties of the Professor of Languages among the faculty and tutors as may be least onerous to any individual member until the chair could be permanently filled. Dr. T. E. H. Smith, expecting to be absent from the State, resigned the secretaryship of the board, and HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 283^ Elder D. P. Henderson was elected Secretary ^ro tern. C. S. Stone resigned the presidency of the board, and at the July session Elder F. R. Palmer was elected in his place. George H. Matthews, of Bacon College, of Harrodsburg, Ky., notified the board of his accept- ance of the chair of Ancient Languages at a salary of $1,000 per annum, with the perquisite of $5 per student over 80. INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT SHANNON. [From the Columbia Statesman, July 5, 1850.] In addition to the ordinary exercises of the occasion, the interesting ceremony of the inauguration of President Shannon took place. The assembly in attendance was immense. A very large number of strangers honored the daj^ by their presence. The following is the PROGRAMME Or EXERCISES : Prayer. Music. Salutatory Address in Latin, by Charles B. Allen. Oration on the Progress of Science, by James D. Head. Music. Oration on International Copyright, by William S. Hyde. Oration on Difference of Opinion, by Henry Slack. Music. Oration on Fanaticism, Political and Religious, by Calvin F. Burnes. Master Oration, by Thomas B. Read. Music. Degrees Conferred. Valedictory Address, by Lawson G. Drurj'. Music. Address on Behalf of Curators, by Rev. Addison M. Lewis. Inaugural Address, by President James Shannon. Music. Benediction. We regret the lateness of the hour at which the exercises closed yesterday evening pre-^ eludes the possibility of comments upon the address of President Shannon. Suffice it to say it breathed the right spirit, enforced in the main the right doctrine, and was well received. The inaugural address of President Shannon, together with the one delivered by Rev. Mr. Lewis, was requested for publication and 3,000 copies ordered to be printed. On motion of James Ellison, it was resolved that it would conduce to the interest of the University for the president to visit the various sections of the State and lecture on the subject of education, and that he be requested to do so. After an ineffectual effort to secure the attendance of a quorum at the December meeting, the Board adjourned to meet in Jefferson City on January 8, 1851. 284 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. PRESIDENT LATHROP S PORTRAIT. The following communication from the ladies of Columbia and Ticinity was read to the Board : — . Saturday, December 21, 1850. To the Board of Curators of the University of the State of Missouri. Gentlemen: Mr. George C. Bingham, Missouri's gifted artist, prior to the departure of President Lathrop to "Wisconsin, painted a most excellent and accurate portrait of that gen- •tlemen and kindly presented it to the ladies of Columbia. Associated as is the name of Dr. Lathrop with the University, as its first President, indebted as this community feels to him for having laid broad and deep the foundation of that institution, and identified as is his name with the cause of education in Missouri, we deem it most appropriate that his portrait should find a permanent and conspicuous place within the walls of the University. We, the undersigned, therefore, a committee 'appointed on behalf of the ladies of this place, respectfully request that it be hung in the Chapel immediately on the left of the Presi- dent's desk, not only for its excellence and preservation as a work of art, but that the young men here educated may^study his character, imitate his example, and thereby elevate and enlighten their minds. A. B. Woodson, Camilla Price, Mary Jane Switzler, Hannah Hardin, E. A. Bast, C. A. Lynch, S. A. Daniels, E. E.Branham, S. C. Powers, E. B. Selby, D. E. Todd, M. Gentry, M. Guitar, M. A. Wilson, E. V. Provines, C. E. Child, L. A. Matthews, P. W. Royall, M. E. Kollins, C. P. Todd, M. L. Parker, S, P. Prewitt, E. Kichardson, M. A. Garth, M. Clarkson. M. Phillips, President. P. A. Field, Secretary. W. H. Duncan introduced the following preamble and resolu- tions : — Whekeas, Ex-President John H. Lathrop, after his resignation of the Presidency of the University, and upon the eve of his departure, as we are informed, did, in a public address to the citizens of Boone County, indulge in a tirade of abuse and vituperation against six of the Curators, for giving a conscientious vote, by impugning their motives, and denouncing "them in most unmeasured terms ; and whereas, in his valedictory address upon leaving the University, he made the most ungenerous reflections upon the Board of Curators and the Legislature of the State, therefore. Resolved. That the thanks of the Board of Curators be presented to the ladies of Colum- bia, and that the portrait executed by Mr. Bingham be received and suspended in the rotunda of the University, that being the apartment originally designed for the reception of works connected with the fine arts. Resolved, That in adopting the above resolution, the Board is actuated solely by motives of respect for the ladies of Columbia, and for the distinguished artist of Missouri ; that the portrait is received precisely as any other fine specimen of the art of painting would be re- ceived, without any reference whatever to the nature of the subject delineated on the can- vass. Resolved, That be appointed ft committee to receive the painting, and to locate it agreeably to the first of these resolutions. These resolutions were laid over until the next day, when Mr. Long, of St. Louis, introduced one providing that tlie portrait be re- :ht — the rock that covered the gray head of the old man was removed and his almost lifeless body exhumed from its resting place to the top. He was occupying a sitting position in the well, his right foot higher than his head and both hands above his head hold of the rope. With the exception of the fracture of one of his shoulders not a bone in his body was broken. His body was recovered about 7 o'clock Tuesday morn- ing, but he died at 3 o'clock that day, aged 56 years. DEATH OF TWO BONNE FEMME COLLEGE STUDENTS. John A. Chappell, a well-known student of Bonne Femme College,, son of the late John Chappell, who resided in Callaway county, on the Missouri River, opposite Jefferson City, and a brother of Mrs. Dr. Wm. B. Lenoir died at the residence ofWm. Shields, near the college, January 24, 1842. Resolutions of respect and condolence were passed by the students of Bonne Femme College and of Columbia College, John T. and J. F. Hughes, Robert L. Todd, W. M. Irvine, Thos. M. Richardson, Robert A. Grant and James H. Moss participating in the meeting. On February 3, 1842, Jacqueline J. L. Harvey, son of Maj. Thos. Harvey, of Saline, and a student of Bonne Femme College also died at the residence of Wm. Shields. LAW CARDS. The Patriot, of February 26, 1842, contains the first law card of F. T. Russell, whose office was in a frame building which then stood on the lot now occupied by the Statesman printing office. In the Patriot, of March 5, 1842, Wm. F. Switzler tenders his professional services as a lawyer to the citizens of Boone and adjoining counties. Office on Guitar Street, the *two-story little brick occupied by Maj. Rollins as a law office, and adjoining the Patriot office. The Patriot, of April 16, 1842, contains a notice signed by Wm. Jewell, the president of the Columbia Temperance Society, and Wm. Van Doran, Recording Secretary, that Wm. F. Switzler would deliver a temperance address, in the Union Church, on May 2. Oliver Parker, who first settled as a merchant at Thrall's Prairie, and who was one of the pionec s of the county, died in Columbia on Friday evening, May 20, 1842. FOURTH OF JULY CELEBRATION, 1842. The Fourth of July, 1842, was appropriatel}^ celebrated in Columbia. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 339 A threatened shower of rain caused the people who had assembled for the purpose to adjourn from the grove to the Christian Church, where the Declaration of Independence was read by John R. Bedford and an oration was delivered by Wm. A. Robards. Judge David Todd, President; Wm. Johnson and John Slack, Vice Presidents 5 Wm. F. Switzler and Wm. Lampton, Secretaries ; John Vanhorn and David M. Hickman, Marshals ; F. x\. Hamilton, George Foote, Elliott P. Cunningham, Wm. T. Hickman, Lewis Colver, W. W. Wilson, Armstrong Beattie, John Corbitt and John Hall Lynch, Managers. All of the persons named are dead except W. F. Switzler, E. P. Cunningham (who lives near Mexico, Missouri), William T. Hick- man, N. W. Wilson and John Corbitt, the latter now residing in Pennsylvania. Among the volunteer toasts offered were the fol- lowing : — By P. R. Parks: The blind man on the way side — may he anoint his eyes with Clay and receive his sight. By W. B. Lenoir: A porcupine saddle, long stirrups, and a hard trotting horse, for John Tyler. By R.L. Todd: Our State University — our pride and boast — palsied be the hand or tongue that would do or say anything to produce jealousy or dissension among the good people of this land in relation to its usefulness. An editor somewhere in Jackson County- has attempted this thing — may he have the gout in his toes and chilblains in his fingers when he may attempt another such essay. By Warren Woodson : George D. Foote, Elliott P. Cunningham and Phineas Kenyon, contractors for building the principal edifice of the University of the State of Missouri^ whose fidelity, skill and untiring eff^orts in the discharge of their undertakings are only equalled by the liberality of the citizens of Boone in their donations to said object. By W. Slade : The orator of the day — may his talents and his worth be duly appre- ciated. By J. R. Bedford: John Tyler; a political shufiler — what he loses in dancing he makes up in turning around. By James H. Moss : May the utility of their country ever be the mainspring in directing- the actions of American citizens. By J. S. Rollins : The Constitution of the United States — the richest boon 'bequeathed by the patriots of '76 to their posterity — let us cherish and maintain its principles with the same patriotic devotion which actuated our forefathers in its adoption. By A Gruest : The University — may its enemies, and particularly the editor at Inde- pendence, live on parched corn and darn his own socks. By John B. Royall : Our town of Columbia — may the gallantry of her sons only be sur- passed by the virtue and excellence of her daughters. By Dr. W. H. Duncan : The Constitution of the United States — adopted by the most celebrated wisdom, sagacity and patriotism, its perpetuity should be regarded as the future happiness and prosperity of the Union. By G. W. Samuel : The Whig party, routed in 1840 by the death of their leader, never discouraged, but already armed for the campaign of '44; r^ay they never again confide to a. treacherous miscreant the power to betray the citadel of their strength. 340 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. STIBBS ACADEMY. Mr. J. T. Stibbs and Mrs. Mary Stibbs announce that the first session of the second year of " Stibbs Academy," Rocheport, will commence on the fourth Monday in May, 1842. Among the patrons of the acad- emjrare mentioned the following: Dr. G. B. Wilcox, John Stem- mons, James Howlett and Lemuel Noble. The Examining Com- mittee was composed of George B. Forbis and Col. John Cooper. According to the advertisement, " good board and lodging can be had in the immediate vicinity of the school rooms at $1.50 per week." In the fall of 1842 the experiment of an agricultural fair was at- tempted in Rocheport. John Cooper, president, George Knox, secre- tary. On the 4th and 5th of November a fair was held and about $150 in premiums were awarded. GREAT RELIGIOUS REVIVAL. One of the most notable religious revivals in the history of Boone County commenced in the Presbyterian Church in Columbia, during the first week in January, 1843. The late Rev. Isaac Jones was at that time pastor of the church, and was assisted in the conduct of religious exercises by the Rev. Robert L. McAfee, of Boone, and Rev. Messrs. W. W. Robinson and David Coulter, of Callaway. The revival meetings continued almost daily and nightly for about two months, and nearly a hundred persons united with the Presbyte- rian Church. About the same number united with the other churches of the town, and about fifty with the Methodist Church in Rocheport. The Presbyterian meetings were held in the old brick church on Wal- nut Street, which for much of the time, owing to the absence of side- walks and the prevalence of deep mud, could only be reached on horseback. Soon after this revival the members of the Presbyterian Church, having received large accessions to their number and finan- cial ability, resolved on building a new meeting house, which was completed in the fall of 1846, by the erection of the church edifice on Broadway, now occupied by that denomination ; and which in 1878 was enlarged by the addition of a lecture room. On Sunday, February 19, 1843, Younger J. Williams, one of the proprietors of the Statesman, died at the residence of the late Capt. John B. Roy all. , HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 341 " NEW CASH STORE." During the mouth of April, 1843, one of the most notable busi- ness events of the period occurred by the opening in Columbia of the " New Cash Store," by James L. Stepliens. A cash store, by which was meant that no books were kept and cash on the counter was paid for everything purchased, was unknown in Central Missouri. As the tendency was downward in the prices of groceries and dry goods it was an auspicious time to establish such an enterprise as Mr. Stephens proposed; and therefore the opening of his "New Cash Store," accompanied by liberal advertising of both dry goods and groceries, at prices considerably lower than those then prevailing, caused a sensation in business circles and an unusual rush of custom- ers to Mr. Stephens' counters. He came in on the tide of successful experiment, permanently established himself as a merchant, and se- cured great thrift and prosperity. TWO CITIZENS ACCIDENTALLY KILLED. On Saturday, March 26, 1843, Mason Jefferson, a young man and a citizen of this county Avas accidentally killed, near the village of Nashville, then situated on the Missouri river. Jefferson and a friend were trying the speed of their horses in a race along the road, during which Jefferson's horse ran on one side of a tree while Jefferson, lean- ing toward the- other side came in contact with the tree and was in- stantly killed, his skull being fractured. On Tuesday morning, April 14, 1843, Eauey LaForce, a citizen of the county was accidentally shot and killed by PhelixCallaham. They were hunting wild turkeys together eight or ten miles northeast of Columbia ; and having sepa- rated in the chase of a flock, Callaham, thinking he saw game in a thicket before him, discharged his rifle at them. Unfortunately, La Force was upon the other side of the thicket immediately in the direc- tion of Callaham' s aim. At the discharge of the gun La Force fell and died in a few minutes — the ball having entered his chest. La Force was a man of family. The amount of moneys paid by the State in 1843, to Boone County for common school purposes was only $933.60. In 1882 the sum paid was $ . THE MURDER OF HIRAM BEASLEY. About sundown on Monday, March 20, 1843, Hiram Beasley, an old resident of the county, was murdered by his negroes on his farm, 342 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. situated about four miles north of Providence, on the Providence and Columbia road. On the next day five of the negroes, Henry, and America, his wife; Simon, David and Mary, were arrested, brought to Columbia and tried before Warreu Woodson, J. P., and committed to jail for further trial. They were subsequently indicted by the grand jury and at the May term tried. Simon and David were found guilty of murder in the second degree, punished by thirty-nine lashes and banished from the State. Mary was acquitted. Henry and America on their own confession were convicted and sentenced to be hung by Judge Leland on Saturday, June 10th. On the evening of the murder Mr. Beasley and his negroes were in a clearing about three quarters of a mile from his house, and it was at this place the murder was committed, the material facts of which are disclosed in Henry's confession, which follows. The following are the names of the jurors who tried the case: Charles Wren, Wil- liam Jones, Levi Parks, John Pitts, John Rice, John Y. Philips, Isaac Jacobs, Lewis Roberts, James Mayo, George W. Scott, John Roberts, James B. Tucker; Roger N. Todd, clerk; John D. Leland, judge ; James M. Gordon, prosecuting attorney ; Frederick A. Ham- ilton, sheriff; John M. Kelley, jailer. About two o'clock on Saturday, June 10th, Henry and America were publicly executed on the gallows in the northwestern suburbs of Columbia, at a place then without the corporate limits of the town but now embraced by them. The frame residence known as the Carlyle House, but now owned by C. B. Wells, and the house in which Eld. Thomas M. Allen died, is situated near the spot where the gal- lows was erected. Although the day was extremely inclement, it hav- ing rained during most of the morning, nearly two thousand persons assembled to witness the execution. The condemned man and woman were attended at the gallows by Rev. Mr. McMurtry, of the Metho- dist Church, who, previous to the execution, engaged in solemn relig- ious exercises. The gallows was an old-fashion gibbet, constructed of two posts set firmly in the ground, with a strong beam connecting them at the top. To this beam the ropes were tied, a hangman's noose being attached to the lower ends. The culprits were driven in a common wagon from the jail, each sitting on a coffin, and at the ap- pointed time, a noose being about the neck of each, the wagon was driven from under them, and they were launched by strangulation into eternity. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 343 What was done ^ith the remains of Henry we know not; but a dispute arising among the physicians, several of whom examined America before the execution, as to whether she was enciente, most of them affirming she was not, a post mortem examination was made by Dr. Wm. B. Lenoir, the disclosures of which seriously confounded some of the doctors, by revealing the fact that she was pretty ftir gone in pregnancy. Dr. Lenoir's office, in which the examination and dis- section were made, was situated in the rear, or north end, of the brick building, on the corner of Broadway and Court House Street, now (1882) occupied by Loeb & Cook, as a family grocery store, the rear of the building being at that time divided from the front by a partition. The front was then occupied as a drug store by Joshua W- !Norton. henry's CONFESSION. Henry made two confessions, one to Sheriff Hamilton, who wrote it down a few days before the execution, and which was read to the mul- titude on that day ; the other, and a much longer one, under the gal- lows. The following is the confession made to Sheriff Hamilton : — Knowing that I have in a few days to appear in the presence of my God, I feel it to be my indispensable duty to give a correct history of the unfortunate transaction for which I am condemned to be hung. Sometime in the winter of 1842, David and myself, for the purpose of keeping from being whipped, ran oflf", and during that time Dave insisted on my joining him to kill mas- ter; that matter was pressed on me by David and Simon from that time until the day of his death. Sometime previous to his death, Simon beat up a large quantity of glass for the purpose of poisoning him, but having laid it on the fence, it was found by master. David and Simon informed me that they had been determined for years to take his life. The day of master's death, when they were putting in the hominy block, I was not present; but was hunting a ringoflF of the bolster; when I returned I found Simon some short distance from the wagon ; he spoke to me and said that Dave had killed master and that he had struck him; Dave, Simon and America all acknowledged to me that they had struck him; and after I came up, Mary took the axe and struck him two licks on the head. Dave burnt the leaves; we then started for the house; when I got to the house, I found Simon, Dave, America and Mary. After night, Simon and myself removed the body to where it was found. Dave had taken the horse and put him in the upper stable, which was the old tobacco house. I threw the body at the forks of the road, Simon carrying his cap and steadying him on the horse by holding his feet; and eased him off the horse. David would never tell me who shot off the pistol ; but said he knew who it was. Three or four nights before he was killed, Mary and David laid a plot to kill him. Master went to the stable, and David and Simon went for the purpose of killing him, but they could not find him. I never struck a single blow. David stated to me since his trial, that he and Simon have de- termined ever since they have been in this State to take his life. The ke3's were thrown, into the the fire by Mary. IMPROVEMENT OF BROAD WA^, COLUMBIA. Previous to the improvement of Broadway, Columbia, in 1843, 344 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. it was a very irregular and unsightly thoroughfare, and often im- passable on account of its deep mud. There were no sidewalks of brick or of stone, and very few of plank, and in muddy weather pedestrians had difficulty in passing from one building to another, and greater difficulty in crossing Broadway, or an intersecting street. The writer hereof during times of protracted rain has seen wagons loaded with fire wood and country produce completely stalled in the mud of Broadway, especially in that portion of the street em- braced in the depression which then existed between Eighth and Ninth Streets, and in front of the Exchange National Bank and Oilman & Dorsey's drug store. After the opening of the University in 1843 it was determined by a few enterprising citizens, who caught much of the inspiration from Dr. Wm. Jewell, chairman of the town trustees, that they would remedy these evils by the establishment of foot ways or sidewalks on each side of Broadway from Water Street, on Flat Branch, to Eleventh Street, then the eastern limit of the village. Also by the greater and more costly work of grading, macadamizing and guttering Broadway for the distance mentioned. This enterprise, on account of its cost and the alleged high taxes which would be necessary to complete it, produced the wildest excite- ment among a portion of the people, resulting, in some instances, in estrangement of personal friendships and almost violence. But Dr. Jewell, and those who sustained him, had put their hands to the plow, and were determined to carry the improvements to their consumma- tion. And they did it, and Broadway to-day, one of the widest, best improved and most beautiful streets in any of our inland towns, is a monument to the enterprise, sagacity and intrepidity of Dr. William Jewell. MILITIA MUSTERS. The militia musters of the olden time, consisting of battalion and regimental parades at stated times and places in each county of the State, were occasions of great interest, and were anticipated and pre- pared for by people of all conditions, classes and colors. They brought together four times during each summer and fall the entire male population, to meet each other in social converse, to witness the splendid pageantry of peaceful war ; to note the evolutions of gaily caparisoned horses and their plumed and uniformed riders ; to gaze with patriotic pride upon the long and straggling lines of citizen sol- diery attired in home-spun and armed with walking canes, umbrellas and corn-stalks ; to pass judgment upon the merits of braying jack- I HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 345 asses and the stump oratory of political candidates who were often on exhibition in close proximity to each other ; to eat ginger cakes and drink sweet cider, and destroy watermelons by the score ; and late in the afternoon to form part of a wide and excited ring, which circled, halloed, cheering and swearing, around neighborhood bullies who, on all such occasions, settled their personal differences with " list and skull." Many and oft have been the times during the period about which we write, and notably during the celebrated presidential canvass of 1844, our citizens came together at the battalion musters at Charles Sprinkle's, at Wm. Marney's, at Edward Young's and at Stephen Wilhite's, at each of which, mounted on some prancing steed whose " neck was clothed with thunder," was to be seen the tall form of Brigadier Gen. Stewart B. Hatton, with red sash and golden epaulets and burnished sword o:leamino: in the sunlio'ht. James Crockett, Jesse Barnett and John W. Hall were among the colonels com- manding. THE GREAT FRESHET OF 1844. No event, perhaps, in the history of Boone County is more marked than the June freshet in the Missouri River in 1844. At no time be fore or since was the river ever so full. Completely without its banks the low lands along the whole course of the river were over flowed. The town of Rocheport, in Boone County, suffered very seriously. The store and warehouse of Peebles & Keizers, near the bank, were inundated, the lower floors being covered with several feet of water. Water six feet deep was upon the floor of the dining room of Northcutt's Hotel, and above the counters in all the business houses fronting the river — those of J. K. Wright & Co., Meyers & Butler, Howlett & Bourne, etc. ^ The steamboat "Wapello" went as far into town as the market house, with which it collided, demolishing the house. All the mer- chants in the place removed their goods to more elevated positions on Central Street. The town of Nashville — Providence was then unknown — was completely inundated and also the immense bottoms adjacent. Every inhabitant of Nashville had to desert it. The water was eight feet deep in the streets. Rice G. Woods & Co. and John Parker & Sons, merchants, in order to save their goods, shipped them on steam- boats, the latter to St. Louis, the former to Teter's landing, up the 346 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. river. Lamme's warehouse was swept away, and Camplin's tobacco factory, which stood on the river bank, caved into the river. Great destruction of property and personal distress, and perils to life and limb were occasioned in the Missouri bottom. A number of families were rendered destitute, and relief was afforded them by wagon loads of provisions which more fortunate citizens contributed. On Tuesday night, June 18, about 9 o'clock, four citizens of Co- lumbia, William Lampton, Cornelius Maupin, Lewis T. Dameron and John W. Collier, left that place for Nashville for the purpose of aiding Woods & Co. to prepare their goods for shipment on a steamer in or- der to save them. North of the town there was a slough, and also low lands adjacent, which, without their knowledge and contrary to their expectations, were underwater. Arriving about 3 o'clock in the morning at the edge of the water, and about one mile from the vil- lage, and not for a moment suspecting the water was too deep to be thus encountered, they rode into it on their horses, one of them with ii lantern leading the way. They soon discovered their danger, and in the pitchy darkness of the night became confused, lost their way, and resolved to tie their horses, abandon them, and climb trees and remain till morning. Fortunately, the beleagured quarto reached two saplings not far distant, and two ascended each of them ; and there, amid the bowlings of the night and the terrible roar of the remorse- less flood, they remained perched till morning. By this time the waters had so risen that thair horses could not stand ; therefore, de- termined to make another effort to escape the great and singular per- ils which threatened them and to reach the town, they descended from the limbs on which they had stood the whole night, mounted their horses and headed their course for dry land, about one thousand yards distant. After accomplishing three-fourths of the w^ay, their horses gave out, and a watery grave seemed to be the fate of all. Two of the men succeeded in reaching trees, the third a large floating log, but the fourth, Mr. Collier, benumbed by the vapors of night and flood, and overcome by the dangers through which they had passed, and which seemed still to block their way to safety, lost all self-control, and was drowned. About 6 o'clock that morning, the three who remained, giving the alarm by loud cries of distress, were relieved by Dr. William B. Lenoir, Harry Acton and other citizens, who made their way to them on a hastily constructed raft of planks and logs. Mr. Collier's body was recovered the next day. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 347 The town of Nashville having been completely submerged and swept away by the freshet, it was at once resolved to establish a new town as a place of business for the country round about and as a ship- ping and receiving point for Columbia: and, therefore, before the flood had fairly subsided, the commissioners of Providence — William Shields, John H. Field and Robert S. Barr — advertised a sale of lots at a point immediately above the Nashville bottom, on a permanent Tock bluff, and a sale of lots was made on July 13. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, 1844. Boone claimed to be the banner Whig county of the State, and, "being settled largely by Kentuckians, felt a lively interest in the suc- cess of Kentucky's great statesman and orator, Henry Clay. All through the canvass the enthusiasm was almost unbounded, and Whig speakers, home and foreign, addressed the people at various times and places — among whom may be mentioned Abiel Leonard, of Howard ; Louis V. Bogy, of St. Louis ; John B. Duncan and William H. Russell, of Callaway ; James S. Rollins, Sinclair Kirtley, Dr. William Jewell, A. W. Turner, F. T. Russell and W. F. Switzler, of Boone. Clay clubs — some of them with 'coons and banners — were organized in every township, many of which were I'egaled by campaign songs, rendered by glee clubs. On Tuesday night, October 8, in the pres- ence of a large crowd, and near the Statesman office, a tall ash flag pole was raised, from the top of which floated the American flag, on which occasion Col. William H. Russell and John B. Duncan, of Callaway, addressed the people. But this pole did not long bear aloft its flag; and streamers, for, on the night of November 20, decisive returns being received from New York, rendering Mr. Clay's defeat unquestionable, some disappointed and disgusted Whigs laid the axe to its base and with their hopes it fell to the ground. Nor were the Democrats, friends of James K. Polk, either idle or lacking enthiisiasm]during the campaign. C. F. Jackson, of Howard ; John Jameson and Thomas Ancell, of Callaway, and William A. Robards, of Boone, met the Whig orators in debate, and added inter- est and excitement to the exercises of the political rostrum. Mr. Clay's majority in the county was 588. LIQUOR PROHIBITION FORESHADOWED. In the winter of 1845 a temperance society was organized in Colum- 348 HISTOEY OF BOONE COUNTY. bia, with the following officers : W. F. Switzler, president ; James H. Woods, first vice-president ; M. S.Matthews, second vice-president ; Dr. A. J. McKelway, corresponding secretary, and Lewis T. Dameron,, recording secretary ; whose constitution embraced the princi- ples of prohibition, as follows: " That we desire the General Assem- bly so to change the present license laws as to permit the qualified voters in every township in the State to decide at the polls how many^, if any, grocery and dram-shop licenses shall be granted within their respective townships." COLONIZATION SOCIETIES. Early in May, 1845, Rev. R. S. Finley, agent of the Missouri Col- onization Society, visited Columbia and Rocheport and addressed large meetings of the people in behalf of African colonization. On May 17th a society was organized in Columbia, a constitution adopted, and the following officers elected : President, Dr. Wm. Jewell ; vice-pres- idents, T. M. Allen, Isaac Jones, Thos. H. Ford, Walter Prescott,. Fielding Wilhite, Warren Woodson, A. Persinger, Eli E. Bass, Dr. A. H. Robinson ; secretary, Wm. F. Switzler ; treasurer, Sinclair Kirt- ley; managers. Dr. T. R. H. Smith, Moss Prewitt, Jas. S. Rollins, John H. Lathrop, Robt. S. Thomas, Jesse A. Boulton, Dr. H. M. Clarkson, Caleb S. Stone, A. W. Turner, W. W. Hudson, John F. Stone, Miltonf S. Matthews. W. F. Switzler was instructed to write and publish an address in behalf of colonization, and Sinclair Kirtley was invited to deliver a speech to the society at its meeting on July 4, 1845. On Sunday,. July 5, 1846, this society held its annual meeting in the Christian Church in Columbia, Dr. Jewell presiding. Very interesting addresses were made by Dr. T. R. H. Smith, Eld. Samuel S. Church, and Col. S. A. Young. Eld. Thos. M. Allen was elected president for the en- suing year. In September, 1847, the following officers were elected : President, Dr. Wm. Jewell ; vice-presidents, T. M. Allen, Isaac Jones, R. S. Thomas, R. L. McAfee, William Wilhite, Z. N. Roberts, and A. R. Macey ; secretary, W. F. Switzler ; treasurer, M. S. Matthews ; managers, Dr. T. R. H. Smith, Moss Prewitt, J. S. Rollins, J. H. Lathrop, Nelson Carter, Dr. H. M. Clarkson, D. M. Hickman, W. W. Hudson, G. C. Pratt, J. B. Howard, Dr. Wm. Provines, and N. W. Wilson - A society was also organized in Rocheport, May 16, 1845. Presi- HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 349 ■dent, Moses U. Payne ; vice president, George Knox ; secre- tary, Rev. David Coulter ; treasurer, George W. Outcalt ; mana- gers. Dr. A. H. Robertson, Rev. Walter Prescott, — Caldwell, P. Crow, George Beeman, — Hewlett, and B. McAlister. Although these societies had a regular organization and existed for two or three years, nothing special was accomplished for African colonization. BOONE COUNTY TAXES IN 1845. The entire taxable wealth of the coufity, in 1845, was $1,943,162 ; whole number of carriages and buggies only 48 ; money at interest only $119,460; total State taxes only $3,699.53. MISSOURI ANNUAL CONFERENCE. One of the most interesting and important sessions of the Confer- ence of the Missouri Methodist Episcopal Church ever held in the State convened in the Union Church, in Columbia, on October 1, 1845 — Bishop Soule presiding — and continued in session eleven days. The great question of separation was before the Conference and excited the profoundest interest. Those who participated in the discussion and denied the propriety of adhering to the Church South were the following ministers : Jas. M. Jameson, Wilson S. McMurray, Nathan- iel Westerman and Thomas W. Chandler. Those who took the oppo- site view were Andrew Monroe, Thomas Ashley, Wm. Patten, Wes- ley Browning, Joseph Boyle and Jesse Green. The Conference, by a vote of 86 to 14, adhered to the Church South. Total number of members of the Methodist Church in Missouri, 26,061, of which there were 23,532 whites and 2,529 colored. During the third week in October, 1845, Elder Alexander Campbell, of Bethanj'^, Virginia, attended a State meeting of the Christian Church, in Columbia, and delivered several sermons to large audiences. On Sunday, October 19, so great was the concourse present that the meeting was held in a grove east of town, very near the spot on which the residence of James L. Stephens now stands, where Mr. Campbell addressed several thousand people in a very able and scholarly discourse. / THE NEW COURT HOySE. On the 2d Monday in December, 1845, the Boone County Court, consisting of Judges Alexander Persinger, James W. Daly, and Gilpin S. Tuttle, resolved on building a new court house, and made 350 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. an order appropriating' $10,000 for that purpose and appointed Dr. Wm. Jewell superintendent of the work. The work. was entered upon in due time and the house completed and delivered November 22, 1847, by the following contractors; Larkin Eichaidson, undertaker of the stone work; Henry Keene, of the brick work ; B. McAlester, of the carpenter's work, and Roily Asberry, of the plastering. The entire cost of the building was $17,165, and was at the time regarded as the best, largest and most magnificent court-house in Central Missouri. Since that time, however, it has been far eclipsed by the court houses of almost every other county in this part of the State. Above the front door there is a plate inserted . in the wall on which are these words : (W. M. Winter, architect ;^) "L. Richardson, H. Keene, and B. McAlester, builders; Wm. Jewell, superintend- ent." Below this plate on the stone lintel of the front door is the following inscription : " Oh Justice ! when expelled from other hab- itations make this thy dwelling place ! " "~* THE MEXICAN WAR. " Switzler's History of Missouri " says that the annexation of Texas was the alleged cause of the declaration of war by Mexico against the United States in April, 1846 ; but the more immediate cause of it was the occupation by the American army of the disputed territory lying between the rivers Nueces and Rio Grande. The declaration of war by Mexico was soon followed by a counter- declaration by the American Congress, that '"■ a state of war exists be- tween Mexico and the United States." Soon after this counter- declaration, the Mexicans crossed the Rio Grande in strong forces, headed by their ftimous Generals Arista and Ampudia, and on the 8th and 9th of May, at Palo Alto and Resaca de Palma, were met and repulsed with great slaughter by General Taylor, of the " Army of Occupation." This fact created great excitement in St. Louis and the surrounding country. Volunteers flocked to the standard of the United States, and the " St. Louis Legion," a military organization under command of Colonel A. R. Eastou, quickly prepared for the field of action. About the middle of May, 1846, Governor Edwards, of Missouri^ called for volunteers to join the "Army of the West " — an expedition ^ The words in parenthesis originally appeared, but were erased by order of Dr. Wm. Jewell. HI15.TORY or BOONE COUNTY. 351 to Santa Fe — under command of General Stephen W. Kearney. Corps of mounted volunteers were speedily organized, and early in June began to arrive at Fort Leavenworth, the appointed rendezvous. B}^ the 18th of the month, the full complement of companies to com- pose the first regiment having arrived from the counties of Jackson, Lafayette, Clay, Saline, Franklin, Cole, Howard, and Callaway, an election was held, which resulted in the choice of Alexander W. Doni- phan, Colonel ; C. F. Ruff, Lieutenant-Colonel ; and William Gil- pin, Major. Half-a-dozen men, among whom were Odon Guitar and John M. Robards, were from Boone county in the Callaway county company of Doniphan's regiment. They enlisted on three hours' notice as the company was marching through Columbia to Fort Leavenworth. Early in the summer of 1846, Hon. Sterling Price, a member of Congress from Missouri, resigned, and was designated by President Polk to command another regiment of volunteers from Missouri, to reinforce the "Army of the West." This force consisted of a full mounted regiment and one mounted extra battalion and one extra battalion of Mormon infantry. The complement of men was soon raised, consisting of companies from the counties of Boone, Benton, Carroll, Chariton, Linn, Livingston, Monroe, Randolph, Ste. Gene- vieve and St. Louis ; and about the first of August rendezvoused at Fort Leavenworth. With this force Colonel Price took up the line of march for Santa Fe, over the same route pursued by Kearney and Doniphan, and on September 28th, three days after Gen. Kearney's departure for Cali- fornia, arrived in very feeble health. In May, 1846, John Ellis, Major-General of the 12th Division, Missouri Militia, received orders dated May 14, requesting him to raise without delay in the counties of Boone and Callaway, 100 volun- teers of infantry or riflemen for the reinforcement of the "Army of Occupation" in Texas. On Monday, May 25, four battalions of militia, by order of Gen. Ellis paraded in Columbia for the purpose of responding to the requisition of the Governor for fifty volunteers from this county to repair forthwith to the seat of war in Texas. More than the number required (58 men) soon marched into line, with hearts animated by the love of country, and ready to hasten to the field of battle, whence the blood of their countrymen cried out from the ground. As soon as the company was formed, an election of officers was held. The following is the roll of officers and privates: 352 HISTORY OF BOONE COUFTY. Captain — Wm. Robards, Sr. Fourth Sergeant — Jno. W. Carter. First Lieutenant — Alex. L. Robinson. First Corporal — J. P. Fleming. Second Lieutenant — Elijah A. Willis. Second Corporal — J. B. Phillips. Orderly Sergeant — Jno. M. Robards, Third Corporal — J. B. Ridgway. Second Sergeant^ — Wm. E. Wright. Fourth Corporal — Joseph Turner. Third Sergeant — Arthur Callaham. Privates — John Atha, J. W. Boggs, David Boothe, Carr Boothe, Edward Boothe, David Bishop, Archibald Brooks, Larkin Bennett, Alex. Casaday, David Coover, Felix Callahan, Joel Farthing, Henry M. Henry, Levi Heme, Wm. T. Hancock, Enoch Hulin, Ambrose Hulin, George W. Johnston, Squire Hart, Charles Hart, Granville Hornsinger, J. D. Houston, Clark Kennon, Thomas J. Kitchen, Joshua Lampton, Lafayette Lewis, Enoch Murdock, Levil Merry, James F. Mills, Isaac B. Munday, Wm. O'Connor, George Oliver, Eldridge Payne, James R. Pigg, John Simpson, Wm. Smith, R. Stone, Robert Scott, W. W. Schooling, Joseph Turner, James Turner, Jos. Vinson, Francis M. Wells, Wm. Wilhite, J. M. Wright, Barnett Williams. The election of officers being over, the company marched from the grove to Selby's Plotel and partook of a sumptuous dinner, given them by the citizens. Whilst the militia were on parade Capt. John Hinton, of Roche- port, now Probate Judge of Boone county, made a speech, in which he announced his intention to organize, in this county, one hundred mounted volunteers, in anticipation of the requisition of the Governor for 1,000 troops from the State to j)rotect the Santa Fe traders. Numbers — exactly how many we do not know — gallantly responded to the call of Capt. Hinton. It was announced that Gen. John Ellis (as captain) and Col. James Crocket (as lieutenant) would lead one hundred men to the plains, if their services be needed, as flying artillery. The whole number was soon made up. Some twenty-five were also added to a uniform volun- teer company, organized in the summer of 1844, under Capt. Joseph Persinger, who held themselves in readiness to march to the plains for the protection of the traders to Santa Fe. Capt. William Eobards' company, raised for the purpose of march- ing to the seat of war in Texas, never received marching orders, and therefore were never in active service. " BOONE GUARDS " CAPT. m'mILLAN's COMPANY. In July, 1846, Samuel H. McMillan, of Columbia, raised a company of mounted volunteers to join Col. Sterling Price's regiment, to rein- force the "Army of the West." The number of troops ordered from Boone County for this service was seventy-four, but eighty-three were raised, some of them volunteering from Boone and some from other HISTOEY OF BOONE COUNTY. 353 counties. The following is a complete roster of the officers and privates of Capt. McMillan's company : — Captain — Samuel H. McMillan. Third Sergeant — James R. McDaniel. First Lieutenant — Wm. B. Royall. Fourth Sergeant — James A. Turner. Second Lieutenant — Eobt. B. Todd. First Corporal — Sherrod Faddis. Third Lieutenant — Geo. E. Lackland. Second Corporal — E. Murdock. First Sergeant — F. B. Webb, of St. Louis. Third Corporal — John Leopard. Second Sergeant — Samuel H. Teeter. Fourth Corporal — Robt. T. Slate. Privates (from Boone County) — Thos. K. McCutchen, David Bishop, G-. W. Casteel, "Wm. W. Curtis, John W. Carter, Thos. G. Duncan, H. P. Dunham, Enoch Dooley, Milton Dooley, David Ford, Michael Fallon, William A. Gentry, C. Houston, J. C. Houston, Gran- YiUq Housinger, Squire T. Hart, Tyre G. Harris, Geo. W. Johnson, F. M. Wells, Tyre H. Martin, G. W. Nichols, L. M. Nash, B. T. Orear, Richard Philips, Q. Peacher, Jas. B. Reed, Isaiah Ramsey, Radford Stone, John Speaks, James Wry, John M. Hickman ; from Howard County, Milton Arnold, Matthew Arnold, M. M. Basey, James Campbell, Rich. Fristoe, La- fayette Head, R. A. Layton, Samuel Shacklett; from Buchanan County, John Browning, •Caleb Church, M. D., Wm. Ducoing, Henry Evers, E. S. Gale, M. D., M. Ward, T. D. Wheeton, Robt. Hewete, Asa Rupe,B. Wiley; from Platte County, S. Blount, H. Pender, ^. Hyde, T. S. Harris, G. W. Harris, W. A. Shackleford ; from Callaway County, Elijah .Bennett, J. D. Burgess ; from Fort Leavenworth, Henry Bodie ; from Saline, Robert Carson ; €rom Benton, T. H. Coats, W. C. Coats, G. W. Howser, T. H. Jeffries ; from Jackson, A. C. Dunlap; from Johnson, William H.Mars; from Atchison, A. P. Rouse, J. Rouse; from .Holt, J. Rugh ; from Lafayette, T. C. White. On Monday, July 20, 1846, this company took up the line of march for Fort Leavenworth, and encamped for the night on the Perche, five miles west of town. Previous to their leaving they were formed in line, mounted, in front of the residence of Moss Prewitt — now the residence of Dr. G. W. Riggins — in the presence of a large con- course of citizens of both sexes, for the purpose of receiving a flag from the ladies of Columbia. This flag was a splendid silken streamer, bearing the stars and stripes; on one side in large letters "Boone Guards" and stars representing the States of the Union; on the other an American eagle with arrows and an olive branch in its talons, and thirteen stars, typical of the thirteen original States, together with the mottoes : " Onward " — " We conquer but to save." The young ladies who made the flag surrounded Col. Samuel A. Young, who, in their behalf, presented it in a speech. Robert B. Todd, Sec- ond Lieutenant, accepted the flag in a speech. Mr. Todd is now one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Louisiana, and a son of the late Judge David Todd. During the stay of the company at Santa Fe, the following privates from Boone died : Sam. Teters, William Curtis and John C. Huston. Thomas W. Sampson, who had been elected Second Lieutenant of ■Capt. John Hinton's company, Avhose services were not needed, and 23 354 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. which therefore was never mustered, followed Capt. McMillan's com- pany to Fort Leavenworth, where he entered the quartermaster's department, under Col, Ogden, and remained in it till the close of the war, being discharged in New Orleans. On July 22, 1847, a public dinner was tendered the Mexican war volunteers from Boone and Howard, in Roche- port— President, George Knox ; Vice-President, Philip Crow ; Secre- tary, James A. Hill. Colonel Samuel A. Young, of Columbia, was the orator of the day, to whose speech appropriate responses were made by Jno. Hinton, of Rocheport, and J. S. Fleming, of Columbia.. The citizens of Columbia being a little tardy in demonstrations of re- spect for the gallant services of the Boone County volunteers in the Mexican war, some of them held a meeting, the published proceedings of which were very ironical, as follows : [From the Columbia Statesman of August 13, 1847.] A MEETING Was held by the returned volunteers of Boone Countj'' on Saturday, the 7th instant, when,, on motion, Lieut. E. B. Todd was called to the chair, and Odon Guitar appointed secretary. The chairman, being called on, briefly stated the object of the meeting, after which the fol- lowing resolutions were offered and unanimously adopted : — 1. Resolved, That we, the volunteers of Boone County, tender to our friends SLnd fellow- citizens of Columbia and its vicinity our grateful acknowledgments for the kind reception and genei^ous welcome with which we have been met on our return home ; the remembrance of the toils and hardships which we have undergone, of the difficulties and dangers which we have encountered, are lost and forgotten, and we reap in the grateful affections of o\xv fel- low-citizens an ample reward for All. 2. Resolved, Therefore, That we make a public manifestation of our gratitude by giving a public supper at Trumpler's Saloon on Thursday evening, the 19th instant; and as it would be almost impossible to give every one a private invitation, we resort to this public method, and would therefore respectfully solicit the attendance of our friends and fellow- citizens of Columbia and its vicinity, and especially the presence of the ladies. Suitable and appropriate toasts will be prepared for the occasion. Published by order of the Committee of Arrangements. On motion, the meeting adjourned. EGBERT B. TGDD, Chairman. Gdon Guitar, Secretary. The l)iting sarcasm of these proceedings quickened the public appre- ciation of the gallant services of the "Boone Volunteers" in the "Army of the West," but as Capt. McMillan and a large number of his sol- diers did not return until September 22 (after an absence of about fourteen months), nothino^ was done to testifv the general gratitude and ai)i)reciation of the people. Three days after their return, how- ever (September 25), a public meeting was held in the court-house in Columbia — S. A. Young, chairman ; M. G. Singleton, secretary — at HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 355 which measures were adopted to tender the vohiiiteers a public dinner in a beautiful grove west of the University, on Saturday, October 9. On that day and in this form, a hearty, thrice-hearty welcome was tendered the " Boone Volunteers," who had encountered the perils of war and endured the privations of camp and march. Escorted to the grounds by Gen. Joseph Persinger's troop of horse (these and the procession being under the orders of the marshal of the day, David M. Hickman), the volunteers took position in front of the speaker's stand, and were addressed by Dr. John K. Atkinson. James P. Flem- ing, who did gallant services at Bracito and Sacramento, re- sponded. W. B. Royall, second lieutenant, has been in the United States army ever since, and is now lieutenant-colonel of the Third Cavalry, U. S. A. (See subsequent pages of this history.) STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM. In February, 1847, the Legislature passed an act providing for the location of an asylum for the insane in one of the following central counties : Boone, Callaway, Cole, Moniteau, Cooper, Saline, Chariton and Howard. The following gentlemen were elected commissioners: James M. Hughes, of Clay ; J. W. McElhiney, of St. Charles ; Robert E. Acock, of Polk, whose duty it was to meet on the first Monday in April ensuing, and proceed to the several counties to which the location was confined, examine their advantages and receive their donations, and then locate the institution. Boone and Calla- way were the only counties which manifested any especial solicitnde on the subject. Cole proposing only a donation of 100 acres of land and Cooper only $900 in cash. The commission met at Booneville on Tuesday, 14, 1847, and decided to locate the asylum at Fnlton, Callaway county having subsidized the largest sum in money and land. Callaway's subscription: Cash, $11,494; land, 500 acres ($3,000); total, $14,494. Boone's subscription: Cash,. $10,212. This was a sore defeat to the people of Boone County — to them and their posterity an irretrievable loss. It was a great victory for the people of Callaway, and one Avhich in every respect is priceless. Boone, for the lack of less than $5,000, lost a State institution whose financial advantages, added to those accruing from the University^ would have been worth millions. But the people of Boone County at the time this struggle was made had not fairly recovered from the 356 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. burden of the $117,000 subscribed a few years before to secure the University. Hence their failure to secure the Lunatic Asylum. "THE GLOBE," THE FIRST DEMOCRATIC PAPER IN BOONE. On the 22d April, 1847, the first number of the Columbia Globe — William A. Verbryke, publisher; Thomas P. Giles, editor — was issued in Columbia. This was the first Democratic newspaper pub- lished in Boone County. RELIGIOUS REVIVALS. In December, 1847, Kev. Dr. NathanH. Hall, of Lexmgton, Ky., commenced a series of revival meetings in the Presbyterian Church in Columbia, and soon after a series of meetings were commenced in the Christian Church by Elders T. M. Allen and Marcus Wills, of Boone County, and Elder Henry Thomas, of Monroe. Both contmued with great interest for several weeks. SONS OF TEMPERANCE CELEBRATION. On Wednesday, August 23, 1848, the Sons of Temperance of Co- lumbia, joined by numerous representatives from neighboring counties, had a grand celebration and Bible presentation in Columbia. At three o'clock p. M., a procession was formed under the superintendence of M. S. Matthews and William C. Shields, marshals of the day. The members of the Masonic fraternity participated in the ceremonies of the occasion, turned out in large numbers, and, attired in the regalia of their order were assigned the front rank in the procession. Al- though Rockwell's circus was performing at the same hour, the chapel of the University where the banner presentation occurred was filled to its utmost capacity, there being present the largest assembly ever congregated in the building. W. F. Switzler, Worthy Patriarch and F. Nutt, Worthy Associate, presiding. Prayer by Rev. Mr. Roberts, of Methodist Church, after which Mrs. Margaret Prewitt and Francis A. Provines were introduced, who, on behalf of the young ladies of Columbia, and in beautiful and appropriate addresses, presented an ele- gant banner (painted by Col. S. A. Young) to the Boone Division. William Bentley responded. Mrs. Ann Eliza Bryan was then introduced, who, in the name of the married ladies of Columbia, and in an address commendable for the richness and beauty of its language and chasteness of its senti- HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 357 ments, -presented the division the chart of life here and hereafter, God's best gift to man — the Bible. Mr. George C Pratt receiving the Bible on behalf of the order re- sponded. These ceremonies over, Mr. John F. Williams (now insurance com- missioner) proceeded to address the assembled concourse in exposition and defence of the nature and objects of the Sons of Temperance. The benediction was then pronounced by Rev. Mr. Hart, of the Presb3^terian Church, and the exercises closed. A ROBBERY. On Monday night, August 28, 1848, the residence of Lewis Hume, near Providence, was entered, and a small hair trunk containing $500 or $600, principally in gold and silver, was stolen. Mr. Hume and family were in the house at the time and, hearing the noise made by the robber as he left the room, Mr. Hume made pursuit but with no success. GENERAL TAYLOR ELECTED COLUMBIA IN A BLAZE. On Monday night, November 20, 1848 the Whigs of Columbia cele- brated the election of Geneial Taylor to the Presidency by a general illumination, displays of torches and transparencies and a monster meeting at the Court House, which was addressed by S. A. Young, J. S. Rollins and W. F. Switzler. COLUMBIA FEMALE COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. In November and December, 1849, new and remarkable interest sprang up in Columbia on the subject of establishing a Collegiate In- stitute in that place for the education of young ladies. It originated in a proposition made by Samuel Hatch and H. H. White, of Har- rodsburg, Ky., to remove to Columbia, and, on certain conditions, to take charge of a Female College of the highest grade. Dr. Hatch was present and attended all the meetings held on the subject, which were numerous, and by intercourse with our people and explanations of his designs, excited great interest on tjie subject. Several public meetings were had, whose deliberations were participated in by Dr. Wm. Jewell, Warren Woodson, Moss Prewitt, Jas. S. Rollins, R. L. Todd, James B. Boyce, Eld. T. M. Allen, S. A. Young, Eld. D. P. Henderson, R. S. Thomas, R. C. Branham, Dr. T. R. H. Smith, W. 358 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. W. Hudson, A. W. Turner, Eld. S. S. Church, A. O. Forshey, W. r. Switzler and others. The several meetings resulted in the report of two plans from a se- lect committee, widely different from each other, these differences finally resulting in an adjournment sine die of the last meeting, and an apparent abandonment of the whole scheme. It was not, how- ever, fruitless of results, for, out of the deliberations and discussions, Christian Female College and Stephens (Baptist) Female College were evolved. THE BIG SLEET. In December, 1848, a sleet occurred which had no parallel in the history of the country. Trees, even of the largest class, were almost literally stripped of branches, rendering the roads in many places impassable. Trees without number were borne to the ground and broken off by the insupportable mass of ice upon them. Shade and ornamental trees were greatly damaged and many orchards were ruined. CALIFORNIA GOLD FEVER. The discovery of gold in California in 1849 greatly excited the peo- ple all over the West, and of course the people of Boone county caught the infection. Early in the spring of that year, but larger numbers of them during 1850, abandoned their homes and business — some of them, alas ! never to return — for the gold fields of the new Eldorado. During the month of April the emigrants from this county took up the line of march in wagons and on horseback for their toilsome journey to the Pacific. So far as we have been able to learn, the following are their names : — Francis T. Russell, R. E. Lusk, Dan'l Grosse, Jerre Orear, Dr. W. B. Lenoir, M. Boyle, Thos. A. Russell, David Guitar, Wm. T. Russell, John Chadwick, Wm. B. Royall, T. A. Garth, Samuel Ken- non, A. N. Wilhite, Madison D. Stone, Eli Pulliara, Lawrence Roch- ford. Rev. Francis Hart, John W. Carter, M. P. Wills, Jr., G. W. Nichols, James M. Wilcox, W. J. Hitt, Nathaniel Torbitt, W. G. Tuttle, Elliott, A. E. West, Arch. Goin, W. H. Stone, Samuel R. Tuttle, Thos. A. Sims, Hugh T. Plant, Jas. B. Furnish, James M. Wright, David R. Doyle, Dr. John B. Isbell, G. L. Russell, John M. Willis, Moss P. Fofte, Thomas Orear, John Scott, Chas. R. Thomas, Harris, Samuel D. Lamme, Andrew Trumbaugh, Benj. T. Orear, Lemuel Noble, Thos. J, O'Neal, Wm. Bentley, John H. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 359 Bryan, T. W. Sampson, James P. Fleming, George Winn, E. A. AVills, David Crockett, Redmond, Wra. Y. Hitt, Marion Lowry, Thos. B. Hitt, Amos Marney, Sr., Amos Marney, Jr., James Pollard, Martin Oldham, William Goin, Edwin Curd, Taylor, Joseph Doyle, Wm. Spiers, James Wiseman, Jr., Wm. Whitley, Joshua Mar- tin, Elijah Stephens, Price P. Taffe, Campbell St. John, Geo. W. Scott, Larkin Richardson, Harrel, William Broaddus, John Stemmons, James Turner, H. Wheeler, Powhatan Woodson, Samuel Bentley, Marcus Pollard, James Hill, Julius Dunn, James Winn, Marion Richardson, Dr. Wm. Schooling, Jeptha Baker, Thomas Cald- well, R. E. Scott, William Moade, Thomas Turner, Johnson Osborn, Alexander Black, Barney Woods, Mr. Hayden, Henry Stemmons, M. Stemmons, J. Stemmons, Jr., John S. Wilhite, Wm. F. Wilhite, Lewis H. Harl, Willis March, Andrew N. Wilhite, G. F. Wilhite, Jas. F. Wilhite, Jas. A. McQuitty, S. S. Eliott,William Wilhite ( son of Joel Wilhite), Smith Wilhite, Mr. Grant, T. Baker, Wm. Dunn, J. J. Winn, H. Hulen, Mr. McGhee, Harrison Booth, Edward Booth, David Booth, Elijah Booth, Jr., Mr. Timbeilake, Wm. Gaw, Milton Ogen, Green Hays, James Lowry, Jr., Mr. Parsons (of Rocheport), Garland Harris, Jonathan Barton, Sr., Jonathan Barton, Jr., John Barton, Joshua Barton, Robert Barton, Fleming Hatten, Henry H. Wilker- son, John Corlew, Wm Corlew, Bartlett Gentry. Doubtless there were many others, but we have not been able to ob- tain their names. 360 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. CHAPTER IX. FROM 1850 TO 1860. California Gold Fever, Continued — Hickman's Ferry across the North Platte — List of Cali- fornia Emigrants — An untimely Snow — Explosion in J. L. Stephens' Store — Plank Koad from Columbia to Providence — Exports of Eocheport in 1851 — Fat Bullocks — Monroe and Boone Counties Contesting — North Missouri Kailroad — The Subscription of Boone County — What a Mistake Cost Callaway and Howard — Daring Attempt at Rape — Negro- Hung by a Mob — One Student of the University Kills another — The Drought of 1854 — Selby's new Hotel — Monster Kansas Meeting — Premonitions of the coming Storm — E. K. Klampus Vietus —Thespian Hall Columbia — New County Jail — Daily Mail to Jeffer- son City — Boone County Troops for Kansas — Trial, Conviction and Execution of John Chapman for Murder — R. C. Branham Lost in Galveston Bay — Joe Robinson, aNegro Man, Executed for the Murder of James T. Points — Drunken Riot in Eocheport — Citi- zens' Meeting — Soldiers of the War of 1812 in Boone — County Clerk's Safe Blown Open — Largest Taxpayers in 1858 and 1881 — Columbia Library Association — Prices of Negroes Hired and Sold in 1859 — Town Clock. ELECTION RETURNS FROM 1850 TO 1860. * Those thus marked were elected. AUGUST lOTH, 1850. KBPRBSBNTATIVE IN CONGRESS. *JohnG. Miller.. 919 I John Miller 106 James S. Green. 586 | SENATOR. *Sam'l A.Young. 719 1 Jas. M. Gordon... 827 Total .1,546 REPRESENTATIVES IN LEGISLATURE. ♦Absalom Hicks 900 1 *L. W. Robinson 906 *S. B. Hatton. ... 894 A. O. Forshey . .. 824 N.W. McClelland 361 | L. D. Tipton. .. . 115 SHERIFF. *J. B. Douglass.. 791 1 James Arnold. . . 460 Caleb Fenton.... 342 | Total 1,598 AUGUST 2d, 1852. GOVERNOR. Jas. Winston.. ..1,145 | *Sterling Price.. 694 Total 1,841 LIEUT. - GOVERNOR. Andrew King... 1,139 | *Wilson Brown.. 683 Total 1,821 REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS. *Jno. G. Miller. .1,154 | Jas. S. Green 706 Total 1,860 REPRESENTATIVES IN LEGISLATURE. *Jas. M.Gordon.1,118 ♦Stephen Wil- hite 978 Dr. McClelland.. 537 *D. H. Hickman.1,079 L.W Robinson.. 880 S. \V. Hatton.... 671 SHERIFF. *J. B. Douglass. .1,543 | AUGUST 9th, 1854. REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS. ♦Gilchrist For- I Tully R. Cornick 917 ter 1,217 1 Total 2,134 REPRESENTATIVES IN LEGISLATURE. *Jas. S. Rollin8..1,175 |*Odon Guitar 1,182 P. H. McBride.. 934 | A. O. Forshey.... 931 SHERIFF. John M. Samuel. 621 I Geo. L. Hickam. 531 ♦Jeremiah Orear 666 | Zadoc Riggs 376 Total 2,195 AUGUST 4th, 1856. REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS. ♦T. L. Anderson.1,220 | B. F. Richmond.. 997 Total 2,217 GOVERNOR. Robt. C. Ewing. .1,198 1 *TrustenPolk.... 982 Thos. Benton.... 85 | Total ; 2,263 LIEUT. - GOVERNOR. Wm.Newland... 1,213 [♦Han cock Jackson 995 JohnW. Kelly.. 42 | Total 2,250 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 361 ELECTION RETURNS — Continued. SENATOR. Jno. W.Henry.. .1,189 | *L. W. Robinson.1,029 Total 2,218 REPRESENTATIVES IN LEGISLATURE. *Wm.F.Switzler.l,157 I *J. B. Douglass.. 1,196 L. B. Searcy 1,064 | Geo. W. Miller.. .1,039 SHERIFF. *J e r e m i a h I Stephen Petty.. .1,016 Orear 1,214 | Total 2,233 AUGUST 5TH, 1858. REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS. *T.L. Anderson.1,356 | J.B.Henderson 481 Total 1,837 REPRESENTATIVES IN LEGISLATURE. *Odon Guitar.... 1,265 I *James Harris.. 1,262 A. G. Newman.. .1,238 | Jas. R. Sliields. .1,085 SHERIFF. *J. M. Samuel... 1,565 | James W. Ryan... 860 Total 2,225 1850 — Population of Boone County 14,979. Increased and remarkable interest was felt during the spring of 1850 in the California gold mines, and the emigration to that country from Boone and other counties in Missouri was one of the marvel- lous events of the period. Nothing else was thought or talked of, and all classes and conditions of the people were excited by hopes of obtaining sudden riches in the newly discovered mines. Thousands and tens of thousands of the people of Missouri, and at least a half- thousand from Boone County, crossed the plains, with the expectation of reaping, with little trouble and little labor, a rich harvest on the golden shores of the Pacific. The large emigration developed a new enterprise, namely, the es- tablishment of a ferry across the North Platte Eiver. For this pur- pose David H. Hickman & Co., of this county, with teams, wagons and laborers, went to the North Platte, 730 miles from St. Joseph ; and at large expense, built ferry boats, capable of transporting across that stream the immense caravans whose point of destination was the gold mines of California. It was pecuniarily a hazardous undertaking, but Hickman & Co. made more money out of it than three-fourths of the emigrants realized from the gold mines. They crossed several hundred teams each day, at $7.50 per team. CALIFORNIA EMIGRANTS. The following list, alpabetically arranged, embraces the names, as far as known to us, of all the Boone County emigrants to California in 1850. No doubt there were others whose names we were unable to obtain : — A. — H. C. Anderson, James Austin, Dr. John M. Angel, John Armstrong, Cain Acton, James Atkinson, Henry Asberry. S62 HISTORY OP BOONE COUNTY. "^" B. — Sam'l W. Berry, Mac Brink, Wtn. T. Berry, Thos. Barns, Benj. Barns, Hubbard Barns, George Bradford, Jas. J. Boyce, Stephen Bedford, Jr., W. C. Bugg, Dr. James H. Bennett, Geo. Bright, R. E. Bondurant, Wm. H. Booker, Jesse Bugg, Franklin Burnett, John M. Black, Madison Bradley, Dr. J. L. Buster, Lee Burruss, Nimrod Bishop, John Barkwell, Dr. John Baley, Robt. Baley, Wm. Breyman, Jos, G. Berry, John Bysfield, Wm. Beazley, Jefferson Bentley, Elijah Brink, Lawrence Bass, Albert Barnett, John Booth, Peter Booth, Carr Booth, James Benedict, Greenbery Baker, L. G. Berry, R. C. F. Boyce, "Wm. B. Bast, Elijah Byers, George Boon, Abram Barns, Jacob T. Bruner, Robert Bur- nett, James Bell, William Brown. C. — T. H. Cox, Montgomery Cowden, Richard Carter, W. A. Carter, Mac Culbert, John Carlisle, Wm. Clarkson, John Clarkson, James T, and Sanford Connerly, Thomas Cald- well, Nelson Carter, John Corbitt, Ogel, Charles and Wm. Campbell, Merit Cave, Dudley and Franklin Clark, Wm. Carpenter, Thomas Chandler, Chapman, A. J. Challass, Milton Crews, Clatweller, Sam'l and James Caldwell, Dr. W. F. Cartmill, H. R. C. ■Cowden, Coons, W. H. Crosswhite, Elza Coats, Nath. Cromwell, Jas. Crosswhite. D. — John Dickinson, Dooley, Alex. Duncan, Martin Duncan, J. M. Doneghee, James M. Downey, Sindney Dunham, M. Durnhill, Henry Douglass, S. M. Dulej'. E. — James Eastin, Green Edwards, Moss Easley, Wm. Evans, A. Evans, Thos. Evans, John Ewing, George Elliot. F. — James Fulkerson, Andrew Fenton, W. H. Fawcett, Thos. Farthing, John Fortner, Wary Fortner, Charles Finley, Columbus Finley, Sherrad Faddis, Wiley Ferguson, Joseph Fowler. G. — James Grant, John M.Gordon, Wm. J. Gordon, Henry Gatewood, Odon Guitar, Reuben Gosling, Robert Galloway, James and Sidney Gentry, Joseph Graves, W. H. Gar- rett, David Gordon (son of G. W. Gordon), James Gibson. H. — Thomas, David, William and James Hulen, B. B. Hunter, Levi Hern, S. Hart, ■Cicero Houston, John Hall, Geo. Hersh, Dr. Thos. J. Hardin, Robt. Hamilton, Staunton Hume, L. B. Hunt, Durret Hubbard, John Hubbard, Wm. Hickam, John Hadden, James Hern, Harrison Hawkins, J. Harvey Hill, Birch Hunt, Hensley Hudson, John Harris, John and Sidney Hopper, Thos. Hancock, Rice and Madison Hern, Geo. Hickam, William Holmes, M. N. Heaston, Geo. Hubbard, Ambrose Hulen, Harvey Haun, R. Hudson, C. Hatten, Wm. Hughes, James Hesser, Harris, Joseph Harris, T. B. Hulen, W. Hunter, John and Hiram Hickam, Sam'l and James Hunter, Clifton Hensley, Ben Hill, Robert Hubbard, James Hardy, James E. Hicks. J- — Thomas Jackson, Slocum Jackson, James, Thomas and Harrison Jones, Greenberry Johnson, Jas. E. Johnson. Thos. Jefferson, Isaac Johnson, F. M. Johnson. K. — W. D. Kelso, Geo. W. Kimbrough, Sr., Geo. W. Kimbrough, Jr., Robt. Kim- brough, John Kimbrough, John W. Kimbrough, Alex, and Thomas Keene, Charles King, Henry Kite, Ric'd Keene, Isaac Kuykendall, George N. King. L. — Claiborn F. Laforce, Rich'd H. Lawson, John Lampton, Joshua (Cap.) Lampton, Eich'd Leonard, Ambrose Lythe, Jacob and Geo. Langston, Wm. Laforce, James Lang- ston, James and Franklin Lowry, Perry Lynes, Slater Lenoir, M. J. Lamme, James Little, Benj. Lane, R. Lowry, John H. Lynch, Kirtley Lynch, Sam'l Leopard, Jesse Lanham. M. — Isaac B. Monday, William Miller, Cornelius Maupin, Job Marsh, Orvil McCready, Ed. McCutchen, B. McAlester, Jas. McClintock, McMickle, Joseph McDaniel, John, Robert and Tyre Martin, Nathan Martin, Jr., James Melloway, Wallace Maxwell, McGowen, Sam'l H. McMillin, Maupin, Wm. Mead, Ab. Marsh, David McQuitty, Jr., David McQuitty, Sr., David McBride, Wm. Monroe, Moses, Wm. and Geo. Maupin, Jos. Masterson, W. K, McPherson, Geo. D. Mourning, Thos. M. Maupin, John C. Maupin, M. W. Maupin. N. — B.F.Nichols, Lemuel Northcutt, Elvin J. Nichols, Amos Nichols, Geo. Nelson, John Northcutt, Elman Nash, Wm. Norris, Dr. J. M. Nye. O. — B. F. Orear, Wm. Orear, J. Belt Orear, Robt. Orear. HISTORY or BOONE COUNTY. 363 P.— Young A. Purcell, Hiram Philips, Jr., Augustine Philips, James Pigg, Thos. Pra- ther, Thos. Parker, Thomas C. Philips, Thos. Palmer, John G. and Eobt. K. Provines, Josiah W. Parker, Henry Parsons, Bloomfield Philips, Dr. W. J. Philips, Mitchel Pulliam^ "Wm. Pulliam, James B. Persinger, Stephen Pettis, Quincy Pitcher, C. C Payne, Dr. James H. Parker, Geo. C. Pratt, Thomas and Jas. E. Palmer, Preston Philips, A. J. Pipes, Anderson Payne, John Pace, Burden Palmer, Jesse D. Patton, Richard Paine, James Pendleton. R. — Elcanah C. Reed, Redderford, Redderford, John P. Royall, Grace Ridg- way, Dr. Alonzo Richardson, James Richardson, Jr., David Richardson, Wesley Rice, John and Thos. Rochford, F. T. Russell, John M. Robards, Thos. Roleson, Thos. Roberts, Finley Roberts, John Reed, James Ryan, Wm. Ryan. W. Riley, John Ridgway, Elijah Rogers, Wm. Reyburn, James, Zadoc and John Riggs, Sam'l Rowland, Thos. Rowland, W. W. Row- land, G. W. Roland, Ewing Rowland, W. F. Roberts, Charles T. Reed, Wm. Riggs, Robt. Rodey, Thos. Rollins, T. J. Roberts, A. W. Rutherford, J. D. Rutherford, Jackson L. Eussell. S._Alex., Wharton and Rice Schooler, J. C. Sprinkle, Caleb S. Stone, Frank. Stivers, John Slocumb, Robt. C. Slocumb, Shackleford, Z. Spiers, James and Charles Starke, John and James Smith, Alfred Slack, Philip J. Self, Brown Searcy, Sam'l B., R. M., W. R. and J. A. Spence, James Smith, John and J. H. Stephens, W Smith, W. South, Newman Suttle, Varner Skinner, Thos. and Rice Short,, Franklin Seymour, Jas. H. Shock, Charles, James and John Sinclair, James Skeene, Hezekiah Speaks, John Senate, Elias and Robert Smalley, George Smith, from the country, Dempsey Sapington, Stephen S. Str«w, Wilford Stephens, William Stephens. T.— Jas. B. Tucker, Jef., Thos. and Ben. Turner, Sam'l Tuttle, R. C. and John Threl- keld, Gab. Turner, Tucker, Thos. S. and Wm. Tuttle, Dr. E. C. Taylor, Abram N. Turner, Ric'h Tuck, Mordecai Turner, J. R. Tiffee, Jesse and James Turner, Enoch and Silas Tipton, Wm. True, James M. True, Joseph Turner. V. — Wm. H. Victor, J. D. Vanhorn, John Vanlandingham, James D. Vance. W. — Harvey Wright, A. B. Weldon, James Wainscott, John Warnock, William H. Wright, Wm. E. Wilson, H. H. Wilkerson, Geo. S. Waters, J. W. Wright, Allen White, Wesley Wright, W. P. Wright, Joseph Wright, Wm. White, John Wade, John J. Weir, James Wilcoxon, Hern Williams, Peter J. and Alex. Wright, R. P. Waters, William Wells, Sampson and James M. Wilhite, William and James Wirt, W. W. Wigham, •George Woodson, Joseph and Wm. Waters, Harris Wilkerson, Wm. Wiley, L. Withers, Walter W. Wilson, Wm. Williams, John E. Willis, Thomas West, William Williams, Isam Williams, John William, Moses Wilhite. DEATHS AMONG EMIGRANTS. Several of these ernigrants died en route, and a large number after their arrival in California. We nbte the following, which, of coarse, is very incomplete : Franklin Wilhite, son of Rev. Fielding Wilhite, at Angel's Creek, Cal,, December 24, 1849 ; Charles Starke, September 6, 1850 ; William Starke, October 30, 1850 ; John Hudson Barclay, August 23, 1850; John W. Nichols, Samuel R. Tuttle; Dr. James H. Bennett, at Hangtown, Cal., October 8, 1850, aged 53; Thomas Cox, October 3, 1850; Madison McGbwan ; Haydon Lanter, washed overboard in a storm at sea on his return ; Joseph Scorn, John T. Mitchel, October 30, 1850; James D. Wood, of cholera, at Fleet River Ferry, July 2, 1850 ; at Court House Rock, 85 miles east of Fort Laramie, of cholera, Mrs. M. J. Lamme, daughter of Thomas C. Maupin; Dr. J. M. Nye, Owen Hern, Dr. Jewell Furnish, Alexander Wright, William W. Rowland, Thomas B. Ridgway, Joseph Turner, Rowland McKinzie, Rev. John M. Black, James P. Wilcoxson, Richard Paine, D. 0. ■Champion. 364 HISTORY or boone county. The Columbia Statesman had a correspondent with the emigrant train, Mr. William R. Rothvvell, afterwards a distinguished Baptist minister, and now (1882) President of William Jewell College at Liberty, Mo. AN UNTIMELY SNOW. The spring of 1850 was unusually inclement and backward, greatly to the regret of the California emigrants. There was a heavy fall of snow in Boone Count}'^ on Sunday, April 14, which remained on the ground till the next day, when it vanished. EXPLOSION IN J. L. STEPHENS' STORE. About 11 o'clock A. M., on Saturday, October 5, 1850, the people of Columbia and surrounding country were shocked by a terrific explosion, no one for a time knowing the cause of it or its exact locality. Soon, however, it was ascertained that Mr. J. L. Stephens' large new brick store-room was in ruins ; that the catastrophe was occasioned by the explosion of gunpowder, and that one person was certainly killed and many others seriously injured. The store was a heap of ruins, and it was some time before it could be ascertained with certainty who were among the killed and injured. The accident occurred in this way : Mr. Stephens was in receipt of a large stock of goods, which were laying about the floor in boxes un- opened. They had reached him during the past few days. Two kegs of powder composed a part of the stock. These were received the night previous, and were placed in the lobby near the counter,, and some ten feet from the front door. On the mornino; of the catas- trophe, one of the kegs was discovered to be in bad order — that is, it was seen even through the sacking that powder had leaked from the sides or bottom on to the floor. Yet the quantity was small, but to- prevent accident the sound keg was placed by one of the clerks on top of the unsound one — the intention being very soon to remove both to a shed back of the store where the powder of the establish- ment was kept. Mr. Josiah M. Short came in the store smoking a cigar, and while standing near the two kegs fire dropped from the cigar (as is supposed), on the loose powder on the floor, the quan- tity not being larger than a gun load, and instantly the house was in ruins. The store-room was a very long and large one, two stories high. Two-thirds of the building (the front part of it) was instantly liter- ally torn to fragments ! HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 365 Josiah M. Short, a young man 25 years of age and residing in the northern part of the county, was instantly killed, and is the only per- son who was killed outright. His clothes were literally burnt from his body — not an article remaining upon him except one shoe and sock and a part of his cravat. Even one of the soles of the shoe on his foot was blown off. It was with difficulty he was identified, so awfully was his body disfigured. Ben. T. White and wife were injured, seriously — the former, dan- gerously, and died the same evening. He was completely covered with the rubbish, his head resting on the sill of the front door. Mrs. Susan Duncan, wife of Dr. W. H. Duncan, was also badly burnt, and struck in the head by some missile. James Crews, a young man from the country, was considerably burnt. He happened to be passing the door of the store at the time of the accident. Mrs. Short, mother of the young man killed, was also hurt — not badly. Miss Ada Mc- Bride, daughter of Judge P. H, McBride ; Miss Catharine Lynch (now Mrs. Catharine Clapp), daughter of John H. Lynch, of Colum- bia ;Wm. Mosely ; J. L. Stephens, owner of the store, and his two clerks, Thos, Stephens and Geo. Morris; James Howard; St. Clair and Perry West, sous of Bransford West, and a little son of John C. Davenport, were likewise injured, most of them slightly. The escape of Mr. Stephens was miraculous. He 'was standing behind the coun ter, near which the kegs exploded, and about ten feet from them. At the point where he stood the ceiling and floor above, with the broken roof of the building, fell with a tremendous crash and rested upon the counter, but for the strong framework of which he would have been instantly crushed. Yet he escaped with no material per- sonal injury. Eliza, a negro woman of Mr. J. L. Matthews, was very badly burnt and died a few days afterwards. The upper back room of the store was occupied by the Masons and Sons of Temperance. Most of their furniture was taken out without serious damage. The two other rooms above stairs were occupied by Mr. George Smith as a daguerrean gallery. All his apparatus and furniture were a total loss. Fortunately no person was in either of the upper rooms at the time of the explosion. The building was on the same lot now (1882) occupied as a dry goods store, on the corner of Broadway and University Streets. 366 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. PLANK ROADS. Duriiif 1851 and several succeeding years the plank road mania prevailed in Missouri, and also in Boone County. Remarkable as it niay appear at this day the proposition was seriously entertained of buildino; a plank road from Glasgow via Columbia to St. Louis, and on April 21st, a convention was held in Danville, Montgomery County, composed of delegates from St. Charles, Warren, Montgom- ery, Callaway and Boone — Howard not represented — to promote this object, A. O. Forshey, R. S. Barr and Warren Woodson repre- senting Boone County. The proceedings of this convention, which provided among other things for the opening of books at various points for the subscription of stock, filled nearly two columns of the Statesman. Fortunately for the people, as we can now see, but did not then, the project was a failure, but the people of B'oone County, failino- to secure a plank road to St. Louis, determined to build one of their own from Columbia to Providence, on the Missouri River ; and for this purpose, June 6, 1853, organized a plank road company with John Parker as president ; J. B. Douglass, secretary, and D. B. Cunnino-ham, J. S. Rollins, Moss Prewitt, R. C. Branham, R, L. McAfee, N. W. Wilson and James McConathy, directors. Commit- tees were also appointed to solicit subscriptions for the work, and on Saturday, May 13, 1854, at a meeting of the directors held in Columbia, the road was definitely located and the president authorized to receive bids for its construction. On June 6, 1854, John Parker was re-elected president, James Mc- Conathy vice-president, and R. L. Todd secretary, with the following directors : John Harker, D. B. Cunningham, James McConathy, J. T. M. Johnston, John F. Burnam, J. S. Rollins, Moss Prewitt, R. C. Branham and J. B. Douglass. Oh Saturday, July 15, 1854, the contract for building the road was let to Jacob Barcus and Samuel Leonard, of Louisiana, Mo., they takino; $2,000 stock and giving bond to complete the work in twelve months for $30,000 ; and they completed it accordingly. In a few years the road was a ruin, and now not a plank of it remains. In August, 1853, Prof. G. C. Pratt completed a survey of several routes proposed. EXPORTS OF ROCHEPORT IN 1851. Before the completion of the railroad to Columbia in 1867, and durino- the hey-day of freight and. passenger transportation by the HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 367 Misso.uri River, Rocheport wa« a very important business place, and was the shipping point for a large district of country. This is shown by its exports in 1851, as follows : 670 hogsheads of tobacco ; 8 boxes of manufactured tobacco ; 189 bales of hemp ; 39 coils of rope ; 21,- 423 bushels of wheat; 377 bushels of oats; 1,465 bushels of corn j 408 bushels of rye; 192 casks of bacon ; 127 kegs of lard ; 42 bar- rels of lard ; 77 tierces of lard ; 1,125 pounds of feathers ; 176 bush- els of flax seed; 71 hides; 17 barrels of butter; 19 kegs of butter; 1,145 bushels of dried apples ; 457 barrels of green apples ; 117 bush- els of dried peaches. FAT BULLOCKS MONROE AND BOONE COUNTIES CONTESTING. Durino- the summer of 1853, o-reat and unusual interest was ex- cited ainono; the cattle-breeders of Central Missouri bv a contest for two silver pitchers, worth $50 each, at the Boone County Fair in Septem1)er, between Major Thomas Barker, of Monroe, and Major Theodoric Jenkins, of Boone, the premiums to be awarded to the lot of bullocks, three in number, which would command the largest sum of money in the aggregate, either alive or slaughtered, in the city of St. Louis. No similar contest before or since excited such universal interest, or was contemplated by the citizens of the two counties named with such solicitude. It required several months of card- writing in newspapers between the contestants to settle the prelimin- aries, but they were finally settled as stated. The exhibition occurred on the Boone County Fair Grounds while the Fair was in progress, September 30, 1853. Maj. Barker, of Monroe, exhibited on his part his celebrated black steer, a red belonging to Mr. For man, and a deep red belonging to Mr. McCann. Mr. Jenkins exhibited his unapproached and unap- proachable white steer, a red belonging to A. W. Turner, and another belonging to W. C. Robinett. ^Lewis Chandler, of St. Louis, failing to attend, Henry Larriraore, of Callaway, was selected in his place as one of the judges, in con- nection with John Harrison, ot" Callaway, and David Hutchinson, of Cooper. All the bullocks exhibited were remarkably fine — large, fat and beautiful. Six larger, better beef cattle (it was often affirmed by those competent to judge) could not be found in the State. After a thorough examination of each bullock in the presence of the assembled concourse of spectators, the judges awarded the palm 368 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. of victory to Old Boone, whereupon exultant shouts went up from a thousand throats, and hundreds of hats from hundreds of heads. The aggregate measurement around the girth of the two lots, ac- cording to the figures of the judges, was remarkably close, the varia- tion being only half an inch, as follows : Jenkins' three, twenty-five feet four inches ; Barker's three, twenty-five feet three and a half inches. After the award Avas pronounced, it was proposed that the cattle be driven to town and weighed, which was done, the weights being as follows : — Barher's — The Forman steer, deep red, 2,540 pounds; the Mc- Cann steer, red, 2,500 pounds ; the Barker steer, black, 2,480 pounds. Aggregate, 7,520 pounds. Jenkins'' — The Jenkins steer, white, 2,800 pounds; the Turner steer, red, 2,420 pounds ; the Robinett steer, red, 2,400. Aggre- gate, 7,620 pounds — being one hundred pounds in favor of Boone. NORTH MISSOURI RAILROAD. The j)rojection in 1853, of the North Missouri Railroad, from St. Louis to Macon City (then called Hudson City), in Macon County, was a notable event in the history of the State. The question of its location through the intermediate country was one of great interest to the people along the several proposed routes, for it was a question whether they would, or would not, obtain a railroad, and thus enjoy long-needed communication by rail with St. Louis and other impor- tant markets North and South. It was, of course, a question in which the people of Boone County had and felt the liveliest concern, as was evidenced b}^ the proceedings of numerous public meetings and by newspaper articles. It finally became evident, that in order to divert the line of the road from both the middle and eastern routes to one which would pass through Boone County, a subscription by the county of at least $100,- 000 stock was a condition precedent. Therefore, at the May term of the County Court of that year, an order was made for an election at the various precincts in the county on Monday, June 13, 1853, to test the sense of the tax-payers of the county, as to the proposed sub- scription of $100,000 to the capital stock of said road, provided it passed through the county, said tax-payers also to express themselves by their ballots, whether such subscription should be paid by the issue ■of county bonds or by taxation. The canvass pro and con was very HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 369 spirited, and brought our speakers to the rostrum and our writers to the newspapers. Tlie people were addressed at various places in favor of the subscription, and of bonds, by J. S. Rollins, Odon Guitar and W. F. Switzler — one speech being made in Columbia on the same side by President Shannon. Speeches were also made in Cedar township against the subscription by Austin Bradford, James Cun- ningham and James M. Wright. Mr. Bradford also opposed it in numerous articles over his own name in the Statesman. The election resulted as follows : — PRECINCTS. For Subs'n. Against Sub. For Bonds. For Tax. Columbia 335 291 330 13 Kockyfork 484 25 475 12 Kocheport 106 105 109 7 Strawus . . . . . 8 30 9 38 Camp Ground .... 29 175 58 121 Claysville 5 155 17 28 Perche . 89 35 69 32 Totals 1,056 816 1,057 251 Whole number of votes cast, 1,872 ; majority for the subscription, 240; majority for bonds, 806. This vote secured Boone County the railroad. Three routes were surveyed: The route on which the road is located, the middle route which passed about six miles southwest of Paris, and the eastern route, which crossed Salt River east of Florida iind below the Three Forks. For a fuller understanding of the subject it should be mentioned, that previous to the order of the Boone County Court for an election, the board of directors had located the road on the Paris route, which diverged from the present line at Benton City northwestwardly, and to the north of Mexico and south of Paris, to Goose Pond, near Clar- ence, on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. Major Rollins was at the time a director of the road, and protested against this location, and afterward, by the most persistent efforts, secured a reconsidera- tion. It was then ordered by the board that if the counties, towns and citizens of Callaway, Boone, Howard, Randolph, Macon, Adair and Schuyler, by corporate and individual subscriptions, would raise $500,000 to the capital stock, the road would be located through those counties to Hudson or Macon City, and thence north to the Iowa line. It was proposed that each of the three counties first 24 370 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. named, subscribe $100,000, and an eifort was made to induce them to do so. Boone was the only one of the three which responded favorably. Major Rollins having secured a reconsideration of the vote locating the road on the Paris route, and a conditional location of it through the seven counties mentioned, his own (Boone) being one of them, took a very active interest in securing the $500,000 subscription asked for by the directors. In addition to an active agency in securing $100,000 from Boone county, and about $20,000 from private citi- zens, he visited Randolph, Adair, Schuyler, Callaway and Howard, and by public speeches, to very small audiences in the two last, sought favoral)ly to impress the officials and people of those counties with the proposition. In the three first named, success was achieved, and by the time of the meeting of the board, he and others who had been eno"ao'ed in raising the amount required, reported an aggregate sub- scription of about $485,000, and the road was thereupon located oa the present route. There was almost universal apathy, if not direct opposition on the subject, in Callaway and Howard Counties, many of the leading influential citizens of both, strange to s'ay, positively antagonizing it. The County Court of Callaway did order an election, and the sub- scription was voted down by almost five hundred majority. There was such indifference and opposition in Howard Count3% that an election even was not ordered, and of course no subscription was made. Nevertheless, by an increased subscription in Montgomery, the $120,- 000 in Boone, and the corporate and private subscriptions in Randolph ,^ Macon, Adair and Schuyler, the directors were induced to divert th& road from th^ Paris route, and locate it through Boone County, on the present line. Parties in Boone, however, resisted the payment of the sum voted, on the ground that the location just inside of the north- ern limits of the county, and not through its center, by or near Columbia, was not in compliance with the conditions on which the subscription was made. These parties sought in the Circuit Court, Hon. Wm. A. Hall, Judo-e, to enjoin the County Court from issuing the bonds : but Judge Hall decided that the location was a substantial compliance with the law, and the bonds were issued. But for the refusal of the Counties of Callaway and Howard to make the subscriptions asked of them, the North Missouri Railroad HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 371 would have diverged from the present route, west, at New Florence, across the Loutre, and through the center of Calhiway, Boone and Howard. But the people of Callaway and Howard refused to aid in building a railroad through their counties, and thus not only lost the road themselves, but prevented the people of Boone from getting it on the route they desired. Years ago, but too late to recover the advantages which they failed to appreciate and refused to embrace, Callaway and Howard plainly saw the great mistake they had made — a mistake which cost each of them, by subscriptions to railroads running from north to south instead of from east to w^est, not one hundred thousand dollars, but nearly three-quarters of a million. Although Boone County obtained the railroad, which was worth to her all she paid for it, and was the owner of $100,000 of its capital stock, the stock never paid any dividends ; and in the mutations incident to Western railroad property, resulting in changes of owner- ship, the stock finally depreciated in value to a nominal sum, and the Boone County Court, July 5, 1869, sold her interest in the road to Wm. M. McPherson, of St. Louis, for $8,000. ^ DARING ATTEMPT AT RAPE NEGRO HUNG BY A MOB. Near dark on Friday, August 12, 1853, a daring attempt was made by Hiram, a young negro man belonging to the late Major Edward Young, who then resided about ten miles south of Columbia, on the .Jefferson City road, to violate the person of Miss Nancy Hubbard, aged fifteen years, a daughter of Mr» Eusebius Hubbard, of Cedar Township. The young lady, in company with a married sister, Mrs. Mary Jacobs, and her little daughter Amanda, were returning from the burial of Mr. Harrison Jacobs. The path they travelled led by a heavy thicket and through a pair of bars, the latter being some three hundred yards from the residence of Joseph Armstrong. Reaching the bars, the young lady dismounted and let them down. Her companions passing through, she proceeded to put them up. At this moment a negro man, entirely naked, sud- dently emerged from the thicket, and seizing her, made a desperate attempt to violate her person. A most determined struggle ensued for some ten minutes, during which the young lady, notwithstanding she was severely bruised and frightened, made successful resistance to the hellish designs of the naked monster. The cries of murder and the desperation of the struggle so frightened the horse rode by the S72 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. married sister and her little girl that they were thrown — the married sister being disabled by the fall. The little girl ran to the house of Mr. Armstrong, and he came with all speed to the scene of danger. The negro, hearing his approach, fled to the thicket. A number of negroes were arrested on suspicion and discharged, and finally cir- cumstances pointing to Hiram, he was informally brought before Justices John Ellis and Walter C. Maupin, tried and discharged. Strong convictions of his guilt being still entertained by the people, on Tuesday night following a warrant was issued for his arrest by Justice Thomas Porter, of Columbia, and he was arrested and lodged in jail. On Saturday, August 20, he was brought to trial in the upper room of the court house before David Gordon, a Justice of the Peace, and F. T. Russell, Recorder of Columbia. Maj. J. S. Rollins and Col. S. A. Young appeared as counsel at the instance of the negro's owner to see that a fair and full trial was given, and Odon Guitar, Esq., appeared for the prosecution. A very large concourse of citizens were in attendance, a portion of whom were much excited by the daring atrocity of the crime, and a firm conviction of the negro's guilt. This portion of the people were for summary vengeance, without waiting for the issue of the trial. Nevertheless, the trial progressed without interruption until about three o'clock, when, seemingly no longer able to resist their feelings, a portion of the crowd outside rushed into the court house, and, over- coming the importunities and eff'orts of the court, sheriff", counsel, etc., put a rope around the prisoner's neck, and forced him into the street. The rope wa& once cut, however, by Maj. Rollins, but it was again placed around the negro's neck. With an excited populace at his heels, he was hurried down Court-house Street to Broadway, and down Broadway to the bridge over Flat Branch, at the western ex- tremity of town, and thence to a wood northwest of the court house.. Here an attempt was made to hang him ; some desiring to burn him, an attempt which in all probability would have proved successful, but for the protestations of many citizens and the accidental breaking of the rope. Major Rollins and Col. Switzler protested against the pro- ceeding, and by addresses to those concerned, backed by the peacea- ble importunities and co-operation of Mr. E. C. Davis, of the Sentinel, and many other citizens, assuaged in some measure the excitement prevailing, and induced those having the prisoner in charge to take bim back to jail and allow him the privilege of a legal trial. With HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. - 373 no little difficulty and delay he was finally returned to jail — and, what is remarkable, notwithstanding the intense excitement of the occasion, no one was hurt. On Sabbath the prisoner made a full confession of his guilt, thus removing all doubts on that subject ; at the same time bringing to lisfht the names of two other negro men of his neighborhood who had made threats, that, some time in the future and upon some white female or other, they would commit a similar outrage. In every point of view, then, as all now concede, even those must importunate for summary punishment, the counsels which remanded the prisoner to jail and prevented the hanging on Saturday, were most wise and salutary, and all appeared gratified at the result. Monday was another day of excitement, and the people were out in large numbers. There being no longer a reasonable doubt of the prisoner's guilt, a portion of those present were unwilling to await legal conviction and jDunishment by the Circuit Court — contending that the punishment of the law was not adequate to the crime, and^ therefore they were for immediately forcing the locks of the prison and taking the negro and burning or hanging him. At the instance of the father of the young lady upon whose person the outrage had been attempted. Col. S. A. Youi^- and Odon Guitar, Esq., stated to those determined upon summary punishment, that it was not his desire the negro should be burned, but hanged. Mr. Guitar earnestly exhorted them, if\t was their determination to hang him, to go about it coolly and do it decently and in order. That concert of actioB might characterize the movements of those participating in the afi^air, a meeting was held in the street, in front of the court house. Eli E. Bass, Esq., one of our most respectable and influential citizens, was chosen chairman of the meeting. He put the question whether the negro should be burned, and not more than half a dozen, if that num- ber, voted in favor of burning, Mr. Bass then put the question, "All who are in favor of hanging him will say a,i/e," and most, if not all, of those participating said aye. A large number of the citizens present did not approve and took no part in the proceedings. Hang- ing being thus decided upon, a committee was appointed to procure a rope, a cart on which to convey the negro to the place of execution, and a coffin in which to bury him. It was also made the duty of this committee to force the prison doors, take the negro out, and hang him "decently and in order." Mr. Geo. N. King was appointed chairman of the committee, with power to appoint nine committee. 374 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. men to co-operate with him. The following are the names of the committee as furnished us by Mr. King, viz. : Geo. N. King, Henry Wilkinson, John Ballinger, Wm. Breakey, Wm. B. Cato, John Robi- nett, John Hume, Wm. Hubbard, A. R. Vest and R. P. Waters. About 12 o'clock they proceeded to the jail, and under the protest of the sheriff, forced the door, took the negro out, and, followed by a large number of persons, quietly proceeded to a grove northwest of town, and there the negro was hung and buried. This grove is now the pasture of Mrs. Dr. Arnold, and is immediately west of R. H. Clinkscales'. Miss Nancy Hubbard afterwards married James Lane, .and they now reside in Bates County, Mo. ONE STUDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY KILLS ANOTHER. About 11 o'clock, A. M., on Monday, December 19, 1853, in a per- sonal altercation at the foot of the stairway, in the east wing of the State University, between Benjamin F. Handy, of Harrodsburg, Ky., and W. W. Thornton, of Shelby ville. 111., students, the former was shot by the latter, with a revolver, and almost instantly killed. The circumstances were these : — About two months previously, one evening after tea, these young men were engaged in Thornton's room in a game of whistjfor amuse- ment, during which Mr. Thornton charged Mr. Handy with unfair play. Angry words followed, resulting finally in Mr. Thornton order- ing Mr. Handy from his room, and he went. On Sabbath morning, about two weeks after this (the parties in the meantime having no intercourse with each other), Mr. Thornton deemed himself grossly insulted by Mr. Handy at the breakfast table, for they both boarded at the same house. Growing out of this supposed insult was a personal rencontre on the next day, Monday. The facts on this point were about these : — Rev. Mr. Henshall, of Lexington, Ky., had been preaching in the Christian Church in Columbia, and on Saturday evening the young men had attended. Mrs. H , the lady, of the house with whom they boarded, engaging in the conversation at the breakfast table the next morning in regard to the preaching, asked Mr. Thornton how he was pleased with the sermon. He replied substantially that Mr. Henshall was an easy, graceful speaker, but that his discourses lacked jpoint — that he (T.) could not sometimes tell the point he was aiming to estal)lish. Mr. Handy then remarked substantially, to a student sitting by his side at the table, but in a tone loud enough to be heard I HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 375 hy all, that Mr. Heiishall was a ministei" of reputation ; that he accompanied Alexander Campbell during his tour in Europe, and that any man of common sense could see the points in his preaching. This, Mr. Thornton regarded as a fling at him, and an insult to be 4ivenged. So, therefore, next morning (Monday) he made an assault upon Mr. Handy, beating him with his fists quite severely, and making him apologize, etc., Handy offering no resistance. The matter coming before the Faculty of the University, Mr. Thornton was suspended for three weeks and had eighty subtracted from his credit marks, x^othing was done with Handy. Some three weeks before the shooting Mr. Handy bought a large liowie-knife at a store in town, declaring at the time that he intended to cane Thornton for whipping him, and that if he resisted he would see his heart's blood with that knife. The fact that Handy was armed coming to Thornton's ears, he asked a mutual friend, as a personal favor, to go to Handy and advise him in his (the friend's) own name, not to make an attack on him ; that he did not wish any difficulty with him ; but that if Handy did attack him he would certainly kill him. The request was complied with. Handy denied buying the knife for any such purpose, and pledged his honor that he meditated no attack upon Thornton, and desired that he be so informed. All privy to the matter now very reasonably supposed the affair at an end. But on Monday, December 20, as the students were coming out of Prof. Locke's room (which was on the lower floor) and departing from the University, Mr. Handy preceded Thornton and waited near the hall door, a door with two shutters, one of which, however, was fastened. As Thornton approached this door, being about three feet from it. Handy made an assault upon him with a heavy cane, striking Mm on the head several times. Thornton, according to some, got out of the door, and according to others was fastened between the students. At all events. Handy was on the inside, with his left hand on the door, pressing it against Thornton, and with his cane in his right attempting to strike him ; Thornton the while pushing against the door to get in. Succeeding, at least partially, the combatants grappled each other, and Thornton instantly shot Handy in the left breast with a pistol, causing almost immediate death. The body being afterwards exam- ined, a loaded pistol and large bowie-knife were found on Mr. Handy's person. 376 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. Mr. Thornton voluntarily surrendered himself to Justices David Gordon and Henry H. Ready, and was tried and acquitted. James M. Gordon appeared for the defense. No attorney appeared for the prosecution. COLUMBIA CEMETERY ASSOCIATION. The old or iirst cemetery of the town becoming wholly inadequate to the demands upon it, in 1854 the General Assembly chartered an association, with the usual powers of such companies, and the follow- ing directors, who were clothed with authority to perpetuate their number: Jefferson Garth, J. S. EoUins, Moss Prewitt, J. R. Boyce, R. C. Branham, H. H. Ready, and W. F. Switzler. This board or- ganized by the election of the following officers : R. C. Branham, pres- ident ; J. R. Boyce, secretary, and W. F. Switzler, treasurer. This association is still in existence, and since its organization has purchased two large additions of grounds adjoining the old cemetery, and have expended, over and above the cost of the grounds, every dol- lar received from the sale of lots, in fencing and improving the cem- etery. Among the improvements is the opening and macadamizing of a new avenue from Broadway to tlie grounds, the old entrance having been on the east, instead of north of them. The ground was laid off into lots of appropriate size, sixteen by thirtv-two feet, and others sixteen feet square, and the first sale oc- curred on Saturday, November 20, 1858. THE DROUGHT OF 1854. A drought unprecedented in the history of the county occurred in 1854, no rain of any consequence falling between June 20 and Sep- tember 11. The streams, wells, and springs became dry ; water for stock was almost exhausted and difficult to find, and not more than half a crop of corn was raised. The grass in forests and pastures be- came dry enough to burn, and several disastrous conflagrations acci- dentally occurred in Boone County. Corn advanced to a price hitherto unknown — sixty cents per bushel. Missouri and Boone County were not alone in this calamity, for the drought prevailed all over the New England and most of the Western States. SELBY's new HOTEL. The large two-story frame building near the court-house, and now known as the " Planters' House," was originally built by the late I 1 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 377 Alexander Douglass, father of Shannon C. Douglass, Esq., and Dr. Wm. H. Douglass, for a residence. Being eligibly located for a hotel,, in May, 1855, the late Thomas Selby purchased the property, and in November following occupied it as a hotel, and it has ever since been thus occupied. MONSTER KANSAS MEETING PREMONITIONS OF THE COMING STORM. The discussions in Congress and elsewhere, growing out of the territo- rial organizations of Kansas and Nebraska in 1852-7, excited the liveliest interest throughout the whole country. North and South ; and the peo- ple of Boone County were not uninterested spectators of the passing scenes. Indeed, they were deeply moved and at times greatly excited by the debates in Congress, and by the struggles in the Territory of Kansas over the State constitutions adopted at Lecompton and To- peka — one free and the other slave. Very diverse views were enter- tained in Boone County touching some of the issues involved in the Kansas-Nebraska controversy, which finally found expression in a tan- gible form at a public meeting held at the old fair grounds, east of Columbia, on Saturday, June 2, 1855. The meeting was first organ- ized in the court-house, but that building was wholly inadequate to accommodate the vast multitude present. Hence the adjournment to the Fair Grounds. At the court house, Odon Guitar called the meeting to order, and on his motion, James McConathy was called to the chair, and Dr. W. H. Lee and John C. McKinney were appointed secretaries. John H. Field then opened the ball by introducing a series of resolutions, whereupon Col. Young moved that a committee of three Whigs and three Democrats be elected by the meeting, to report resolutions. Several other motions were made in regard to a committee, and con- siderable discussion ensued, during which remarks were made by Maj. Kollins, Col. Young, Maj. Forshey, Mr. Field, Dr. Forshey and perhaps others. On motion of Joseph K. Northcutt, it was ordered that none be allowed to vote in the meeting except residents of the county who are twenty-one years of age. The committee of six on resolutions were finally elected, as follows: Whigs — W. F. Switz- ler, James M. Gordon and Middleton G. Singleton. Democrats — Dr. W. H. Lee, John Slack and Priestly H. McBride, during whose retirement the meeting; took a recess. This committee did not agree, but agreed to make two reports. This fact being announced, a motion was made and carried that the 378 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. meeting adjourn to the Fair Grounds, where the vast assembly could be accommodated; whereupon the great throng, pell-mell, helter- skelter, repaired thither. Order, such as it was, being restored. Colonel Switzler, on behalf of that portion of the committee he represented, reported the fol- lowing : — KESOLUTIONS. Resolved 1. That domestic slavery, as it now exists in many of the States of the Union, is recognized and protected by the Constitution of the United States, and is left by that in- strument to be regulated alone by the municipal policy of the States in which it is or may be established. 2. That the aggressive and fanatical spirit evidenced by the Abolitionists and Freesoilers of the North, wantonly to interfere with the institution both in the States and Territories, is calculated to disturb the friendly feeling which should exist between the people of the sev- eral States, light the torch of servile insurrection and war, and ultimately to dissolve the Union, 3. Non-intervention, therefore, on the part of Congress, with slavery both in States and Territories ; and non-interference by the people of the free States with slavery in the slave States, is not only in accordance Avith the Constitution, but the dictates of patriotism and sound policy; and that those who would attempt to subvert these principles ought to be re- garded as enemies of the Union, seeking to eflfect by incendiary agitation the destruction of ■our domestic peace and the palladium of our liberties. 4. That Abolitionism and Freesoilism are monsters of iniquity, at war with the best inter- ests, and insulting to the sovereignty of the slave States ; and that the utterance, publication, ■or circulation of any statements, arguments or opinions in this State, tending to excite our slaves to insurrection or rebellion, justly subjects the offender, under our law, to imprison- ment in the penitentiary, and to a forfeiture of the right to sit as a juror, to vote at our elec- tions, or to hold office. 5. That the efforts of the Emigrant Aid Society of Massachusetts to Abolitionize the Territory of Kansas, by pouring within its limits and upon our western border, hireling Abolitionists and Freesoilers, going thence with no purpose permanently to settle, but merely to vote at the elections of the Territory and return home, very deeply and justly ex- asperates the people of Missouri ; and we hereby pledge ourselves to aid by all honorable and legal means to defeat the efforts of those who would thus make a mockery of public law, and disregard our peace. 6. That the Kansas-Nebraska bill, based upon the principle of non-intervention, and guaranteeing to the people of the Territories the power to settle the question of slavery for themselves, meets with our approval ; and we regard any man who favors its repeal, or who of choice agitates the subject of slavery in Congress or elsewhere, as an enemy to our insti- tutions, and as forfeiting all claim to our support or confidence. 7. That whilst we do not sanction acts of violence, whether perpetrated by citizens of the North or South, so long as the law affords protection and redress; and whilst we regard Abolitionism, Nullification and Freesoilism alike dangerous to the peace and permanency of this Union, we are ready to pledge "our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor" to pro- tect, at all hazards, by legal and honorable means, the institutions of the South against en- croachment and invasion from without and sedition and treachery from within. 8. That the recent decision of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin, declaring the Fugitive Slave Law unconstitutional and of no binding force within the limits of that State, and the passage of the Personal Liberty Bill, in defiance of the Governor's veto, by the Legislature of Massachusetts, whereby the Fugitive Slave Law i^ practically nullified within the limits HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 379 -of that Commonwealth, are alarming evidences of fanaticism, nullification and treason, cal- ■culated to foment discord among the people of the States, and ultimately to dissolve the Union. 9. That the refusal of the Abolitionists and Freesoilers to execute the laws of Congress, •constitutionally made; their attempts to remove oflBcers for executing those laws; their acts of nullification and avowal of "higher law" doctrines, are outrages at which the South may and does justly complain, and their continuance is wholly incompatible with the spirit of the Union ; and if the Union is to be preserved, it becomes the conservative, law-abiding people of the North to disavow and repudiate these incendiary, ruthless attacks upon the laws of the land and the guarantees of the Constitution. 10. That we regard the Union as the Palladium of our Liberties, and all acts tending to ■weaken the confidence of the people in its stability, to abate their appreciation of its price- less value and patriotic love for its integrity — all acts designed to exasperate one section of the Union against another, thereby tending to its dissolution, we regard as the basest treason, meriting the execration of every true lover of his country. 11. That if it be true, as it has been repeatedly charged, that Governor Reeder is an •enemy to the institutions of the South — that he has sought and is still seeking to Aboli- tionize the Territory of Kansas, and that he gave the Emigrant Aid Society notice of the recent election previous to notifying the people of said Territory, his'appointment to the oflBce he holds and the failure of President Pierce to remove him therefrom, meets with our unqualified condemnation. 12. That the charge of Abolitionism and Freesoilism against loyal citizens of Missouri, made without evidence and often against evidence, is not only well calculated to give Aboli- tionism undue respectability, but also to disturb our peace and foment insurrection and insubordination among our slaves, and therefore merits the severest condemnation of all .good citizens. The resolutions being read, Col. Switzler proceeded briefly to refer to their character. He maintained that they were national,, conserva- tive, loyal to the South and to the Federal Union — clear and decided in the assertion of the Constitutional rights of the slave States and the duty of the people ; justly severe in the condemnation of the heresies of Abolitionism, Freesoilism and Nullitication ; in short, that they covered the whole ground, and laid down a platform on which every Missourian, who was true to his State and his country, could stand. Dr. Lee, with the concurrence of two other members of the com- mittee, reported the following PREAMBLE AND RESOLUTIONS. I Whereas, It is indubitable that G-od wills the existence and happiness of the whole hu- man family; that the capacities of the races, respectively, and of the successive generations of those races, are adapted to the several spheres they are designed to fill ; that their exist- ence and happiness cannot be secured without the protection of rights, and redresi of wrongs ; and that this protection and redress cannot be secured in any degree commensu- rate with our necessities without social organization, which organization must necessarily l)e adapted to the moral and intellectual condition of those for whom it is intended; "therefore. Resolved, 1. That human government exists in accordance with the will of God (and by the consent of the governed, if they are morally and intellectually qualified for self-govern- 380 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. ment), for the protection of the rights and the redress of the wrongs of its subjects, deriving- all its just powers from its necessity for, and its adaptation to, the accomplishment of these- purposes. 2. That to resist government in the accomplishment of its lawful objects, and the exer- cise of its just rights, or to subvert its authority when directed to these ends, is highly crim- inal, and destructive of the best interests of societ}' and the human family, 3. That when any government, from whatever cause, is incapable of protecting the rights and redressing the wrongs of its subjects, it is their inalienable right, both as individuals and as communities, and it is their duty, to take protection and redress into their own hands and to provide all necessary guards for their future security. 4. That in accordance with these principles, all communities, whether savage or civilized, admit the right of necessary self-defence, and the consequent right of abating, by extra- legal means, such nuisances as are intolerable, and cannot be abated by the regular opera- tions of laws. 5. That the fanatical and persevering efforts of Abolitionists, and Abolition societies, to render our slave property insecure, and to excite the evil passions of those slaves to insub- ordination, has a direct tendency to incite them to a servile war, with all its attendant horrors; and is such an invasion of our rights that we feel justified in pledging our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor to each other, to the State and to our sister slave States, that we will abate it, to the utmost extent of our ability — peaceably if we can, forcibly if we must. 6. That the repeated invasion of the constitutional rights of the slave States has a direct tendency to dissolve the Union, and if persisted in, must inevitably lead to this deplorable result, as the only refuge from impending evils of the most appalling and intolerable char- acter; and we therefore pledge ourselves, irrespective of all previous party ties, to abjure all minor issues, and unite as one man in waging a deadly war on Abolitionism, and resist- ing all its vile efforts, whether made by force or fraud, to trample our constitutional rights under its unhallowed feet. 7. That we appeal to the intelligence, patriotism and loyalty of the free States, to arrest the torrent of Abolition fanaticism that is sweeping over them in open violation of our con- stitutional rights, exposing the Union of these States to imminent peril, and if not speedily ar- rested, to certain annihilation. 8. That the whole State is identified in interest and sympathy with the citizens on our western border; and we will co-operate with them in all proper measures to prevent the foul demon of Abolitionism from planting a colony of negro thieves on our frontier, to har- ass our citizens and steal their property, it matters not whether that colony be imported from European poor-houses and prisons, or from the pestilential hot-beds of New England, fanaticism. 9. That we regard the emissaries of Abolitionism whether open or disguised, as our vilest enemies — conspirators against the peace and permanency of our Union, and as such we feel bound to give them no countenance nor encouragement whatever; but on the contrary, as it is our dut}' in self-defence, we will use all lawful and proper means to expose them to a just, retribution, and a lawful and well-merited infamy. 10. That as we believe the Missouri Compromise to have been at variance!with the spirit and objects of the Federal compact, in which are conferred all the powers of the General Government, we most heartily approve of the repeal of that odious measure, and as cordi- ally indorse the Kansas-Nebraska bill, believing its principles to be correct. We, therefore, have seen with feelings of indignation and abhorrence the efforts made by citizens of the free States to deprive slave-holders of the rights which the Kansas bill was designed to restore ; and while we deprecate the necessity, we cannot too highly appreciate the patriotism of those Missourians who so ft-eely gave their time and money for the purpose, in the recent election in Kansas, of neutralizing said Abolition efforts, and preventing the fraud attempted by the importation of hireling voters into that Territory. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 381 11. That the other counties in the State be requested to hold meetings and express their ■sentiments on the subject, so that whatever hopes may be entertained by the Abolitionists of reaping anj^ advantage from division among us. may be dispelled^ — and that the people of this State, irrespective of all party considerations, may present an unbroken front of opposi- tion to the foul designs of the Abolitionists. 12. That we view with indignation the efforts made in Congress as well as in the North- ern States, to repeal or render inoperative the Fugitive Slave Law, and that we will not sub- mit to the repeal. 13. That delegates be appointed to represent this meeting in the convention to be "held in Boonville ; and that the chairman make the appointment. The two sets of resolutions being thus before the assembly, the ball opened anew amid considerable excitement and disorder. Dr. Lee said he had no objections to the first resolutions, but preferred his own as they went a little further. Col. Young moved that both sets be adopted en masse. Maj. Rollins called for a division of the question, remarking that while Col. Switzler's seemed generally acceptable, there were several of Dr. Lee's which were very obnox- ious, and he could not vote for them. Some insisted that the vote be taken on each resolution separately ; others that each set be pre- sented by itself. During the presentation and discussion of these and kindred motions " noise and confusion" bore sway, with much excitement. Deliberation was impossible ; discussion out of the ques- tion. All was turmoil and disorder. Bad blood was stirred, and yet the passing scenes were far more farcical than tragical. Here, there and everywhere, on the ground, on the seats, in the stand, men were talking — calling upon the president, whacking the air by violent gestures, making suggestions, trying to speak — and the president ever and anon made an effort to put questions to the meeting. One gentleman (Maj. Geo. S. Waters), moved that the proceedings be published in none of the papers ! The Major realized his wish. No paper ever will publish, foi no stenographer could report, a full account of what was done and said at the Kansas meeting. There were never witnessed more disorder and excitement at a ground swell in a city. An attempt was made to divide the assembly to the right and left, according to their choice between the two sets of resolutions, but this failed. Finally, at the request of gentlemen on both sides of the question, and with the concurrence of the presiding officer, A. W. Turner (who preferred Dr. Lee's), temporarily occupied the chair and succeeded in restoring comparative order. His was anew voice, and a clear one, and the uproar subsided. He said that there seemed to be no objection to the resolutions of Switzler, and therefore he would put the vote upon 382 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. them en masse. He did so, and they passed by a hirge majority. After announcing that they had been adopted, Mr. Turner said that inasmuch as many had strong objections to some of the resolutions of Dr. Lee, he would take the vote of the meeting as to whether they should be voted on separately or en masse. The vote was put, and Mr. Turner announced he could not decide. At this point, uproar and confusion again resumed the mastery. Something was heard, for the first time by the chairman and many others, about an appeal of Dr. Lee from the decision in regard to the vote on Switzler's resolutions. Swelling above the tumult were the loud demands of Sterling Price, Jr., one of the adjunct professors in the University, for a vote on Dr. Jjee' s appeal / Maj. Rollins and others denied that an appeal had been taken. Amidst the uproar that prevailed, the vociferous cry of " Mr. President! "" was heard from a distant point of the amphitheatre, and a gentleman in that direction was seen apparently seeking to at- tract the attention of the chairman by violent motions with his white beaver. It was President Shannon, of the State University. He op- posed Switzler's resolutions, and denounced the sixth of the series as containing " lurking treason to the South." Maj. Rollins promptly denied the allegation, and demanded that the "treason" be shown,, but it was not. The friends of Dr. Lee's resolution then withdrew from the regular meeting, and at a point outside of the amphitheatre called Col. Young to preside, and passed his resolutions unanimously. At the conclusion of the regular meeting, Mr. Guitar and Maj. Rol- lins, in response to calls made upon them, addressed the assembly in soul-stirring and eloquent denunciations of Abolitionism, Freesoilism, and Nullification, exhorting the people to law and order, to unyield- ing defence of their rights, and to adherence to our glorious Unioa at all hazards and to the last extremity. " E. K, KLAMPUS VIETUS." . In November, 1854, a Harko (lodge) of this order was organized in Columbia, with about forty members. It claims to have originated with Confucius, the great Chinese philosopher, and was introduced into the United States by the Chinese in California. The following are the oflScers of Columbia Harko : — Thos. A. Russell, Most Worthy Grand Gyrescutus; J. S. Dorsey, Right Worthy Gos-ty- path-e; Wm. H. Provines, Le-ang Ther-ma-path-e-ho ; J. M. Bates, Senior Ho-ta-tote ; S. A. Garth, Junior Ho-ta-tote ; E. T. Withers, Yang-se-to-ag ; W. Crow, Din-ar-es-e-ang; C. H. Field, Lin-to-ag ; L. E. Wright, Lo-to-ag. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 383 THESPIAN HALL, COLUMBIA. In February, 1856, some of the citizens of Columbia formed an as- sociation for the purpose of cultivating the drama. Dr. Wm. H. Lee, who now resides at Mexico, Mo., was elected president; Odon Guitar, vice-president; J. F. Baker, treasurer; Jas. Thompson (foreman of the Statesman printing office), secretary; S. A, Young, stage di- rector, and E, P. Rogers, chairman of the finance committee. The association purchased the old Union Church, and proceeded without delay to fit it up with a stage and seats for a Town and Thespian Hall. On Saturday night, June 28, 1856, the company gave their first entertainment before a crowded house, rendering the popular farces, "Limerick Boy" and "Irish Tutor," and a few evenings after, "Fortune's Frolic." Later in the season the troupe performed the popular comedy, " His Last Legs," and the farce, "Kill or Cure," and won many laurels. Encouraged by the success they had achieved, the company finally assumed the responsibility of presenting such play& as the "Lady of Lyons." Pecuniarily, the enterprise was not a success, and the building, together Avith the paraphernalia of the stage, were sold to W. F. Switzler, who, owning the adjacent build- ings, tore down the front part of the hall and converted the rear into a kitchen and servants' rooms. NEW COUNTY JAIL. In August, 1856, the contract for the erection of a new stone jail was let to B. McAlester atf $11,000, who sub-let the stone work to Charles Cameron. It is the same jail the county now has, and consists of a prison proper with hall and four cells, together with a two-story frame residence, for the jailer, adjoining the prison. The jail is also two stories high, walls two feet thick resting on a foundation five feet in thickness and which covers the whole area of the building. Roof also of stone, no wood being used in the construction of the building except a second roof of shingles covering the one of stone. DAILY MAIL TO JEFFERSON CITY. On Monday, August 24, 1856, Moore & Walker, mail contractors, commenced running a daily line of four-horse mail coaches between Columbia and Jefferson City via Ashland and Claysville. This Avas the first direct mall of any kind ever established between the Stata capital and the State University. 384 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. BOONE COUNTY TROOPS FOR KANSAS. The question of the admission of Kansas into the Union, with or without a constitution recognizing shivery, was a subject which greatly excited the people of Missouri and of Boone County. At all periods of our history, a question of great delicacy and fraught with elements of popular upheavals with tendencies to frenzy and passion, the desire to plant the institution of slavery in Kansas assumed, in Boone County, very alarming proportions. And yet the people were divided in regard to it, one part of them maintaining that if Kansas were ad- mitted into the Union as a free State it would jeopardize the institution of slavery in Missouri, and that this fact, together with the efforts then being made by the emigrant aid societies of New England to organize the State with a free constitution, justified contravailing efforts to accomplish its admission on a pro-slavery basis. The other party maintained that the people of Missouri could not legally or rightfully mterfere in the matter, and that any effort on their part by participation as voters in the elections of Kansas, or by force of arras to coerce that State into the Union with a pro-slavery constitution, was revolutionary and calculated to foment civil war. Nevertheless, some of the more active and ultra-slavery prop- agandists met in Columbia, in August, 1856, for the purpose of enlisting and organizing a military company " to aid the pro-slavery party in Kansas Territory in resisting the assaults of the Abolition- ists." S. A. Young was elected Captain ; S. B. Hatton, First Lieu- tenant ; George W. Miller, Second Lieutenant ; Irvin H. Field, Ensign, and John J. Howe, Orderly Sergeant. Col. Young resigned the captaincy, and the duties of that position (we suppose) devolved, at least temporarily, upon Lieutenant Hatton. At all events, on Wednesday, August 27, the company, consisting of some forty mem- bers, took up the line of march " for the seat of war." The contending factions in Kansas having precipitated upon that Territory actual hostilities, by a battle at Osawattamie between the pro-slavery forces, under Gen. J. W. Reid, and the Abolitionists under old John Brown, the excitement in Boone County reached fever heat, and on Monday, September 8, a Kansas meeting was held in Columbia — John Slack, president, and J. W. Hickara, secretary — to which Dr. W. H. Lee reported from a committee that the County Court be called upon to appropriate $5,000 for the purpose of arming and equipping one hundred volunteers to go to Kansas, which was HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 385 adopted. A committee was appointed to wait upon the court, but the appropriation was never made. Nevertheless, on the next day after the meeting, the citizens contributing about $200 to aid in defraying their expenses, about twenty persons started for Kansas, among them Lewis W. Kobinson and Samuel A. Young. Previous to their leaving, however, these persons met and, on motion of L. W. Robinson, it was resolved that they went to Kansas, " not as volunteer soldiers, but as citizens, free to act as our judgment and circumstances may dictate after we shall have arrived in the Territory ; that we will not do anything in violation of the laws of Kansas, the laws and Constitu- tion of the United States, or that is not right." What was done in Kansas, either by the volunteers or citizens of Boone, cannot now be learned. It is known, however, that peace was in a few days restored, and that by the 20th of September, Gen'l Hatton, Col. Young, Mr. Robinson and most of the Boone company, returned home. TRIAL, CONVICTION AND EXECUTION OF JOHN CHAPMAN, FOR MURDER. About ten o'clock, a. m., on Friday, June 29, 1855, John Chap- man, who then resided on the county road, between Hallsville and Centralia, committed one of the most unprovoked and cowardly mur- ders known to the criminal annals of the county. John C. Denham, whom he murdered, lived not far distant. He was a poor and inoffen- sive man, with a wife and children. On the day of his murder he was plowing in his field, unconscious of danger. Chapman, in order to execute his diabolical purpose, had secreted himself with a loaded rifle near the fence. As Denham drove his horse near, and when in twelve paces of him. Chapman fired from ambush, lodging a large ball in Denham' s head. He fell lifeless in the fresh made furrow, and the murderer retired to his home. Ver}^ soon after the crime, suspicion rested upon Chapman, and he fled to Ohio, whither he was pursued, but not caught. A year or more afterwards he secretly returned to this county, was discovered, ap- prehended, and lodged in jail. In 1857 he obtained a change of venue to Howard County, and on Friday, April 17, was taken from our county jail in charge of James H. Waugh, deputy sheriff, to Fayette, where he was incarcerated to await his trial. From one cause and another, the trial did not occur until the June term, 1858, of the Howard Circuit Court, W. A. Hall, Judge. The prosecution was conducted with marked ability and power by John F. Williams, Circuit Attorney, and 25 386 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. Robert T. Prewitt, of Fayette. The defence, with a zeal and eloquence unsurpassed in criminal trials in the West, by J. S. Rollins and Odon Guitar, of Columbia, Jerre P. Lancaster, of Ralls, and Andrew J. Herndon, of Howard. The evidence was entirely circumstantial, but so clear and convinc- ing, that notwithstanding the ability and eloquence of his attorneys, the jury rendered a verdict of guilty, and Judge Hall sentenced the prisoner to be hung at Fayette, on Friday, July 16, 1858. On the way to the gallows, he was accompanied by Revs. Noah Flood and Tyson Dines, a relative, and the sheriff, Boyd McCrary. Upon emerging from the jail, he looked calm, and took his seat in the wagon with com- posure. On the way to the gallows he conversed with his relative, in low, but earnest tones; arrived there, he bade him good-bj^e, and mounted the scaffold with a steady step. Upon being asked if he desired to make any remarks, he arose and spoke, in substance, as follows : — I feel it a duty to say a few last words. I bear no malice towards any human being. I have found it hard to forgive my enemies, but thank God, He has enabled me to do it. My poor voice cannot tell the suffering my enemies have caused me, but all is forgiven. I have a soul to be saved or lost, but thank Grod I have a hope, a bright hope, that all is well. I never felt it till last night ; I then forgave all, and trust that I was forgiven. I came to this State alone, and settled in Boone County; Grod knows I ought not to have an enemy in Boone. All has been said and done by one or two enemies. Chapman had done this and Chapman had done that, and false reports had been spread abroad, while everything favora- ble had been suppressed. False reports, black as night, persecutions beyond mortal concep- tion, have been heaped upon me. I stand before j'ou and speak in view of judgment; no use, dear friends, to dissemble now. I have been in jail sixteen months, and suffered much, but God has spoken peace to my soul. My life was threatened by bitter enemies, and they are about to get it, for no cause. Hundreds of you have heard and believed false reports, and you only have the voice of a poor old man against them. I leave these false reports and enemies all behind. I thank God the reports were false, and forgive my enemies. I have a dear little son, who is near to my heart, but I have not been permitted to see him, although I understand he was within four miles of town. I hope my son will be raised up in truth and honesty, and be a useful man, and that I shall hereafter meet him in Heaven, where I trust in God I am going. I was snatched away from my wife and poor little child, and have not been permitted to see them ; this was the work of my enemies, but I forgive them all, and hope to meet them in Heaven. I am a poor old man, about to die on false reports, and this ought to be a warning to all men. Did I think I would ever come to this? I settled among men who have sworn my life away — who snatched me from my wife and poor little son ; they swore to have my life, and they are about to succeed, but only my poor voice says this. This world is a world of wickedness and trouble, and it is about time for God to make a change. He commenced in a firm, low tone of voice, but when he came to speak of his child, evinced considerable emotion, and continued in a rapid, disconnected manner. ^ HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 387 After he had spoken, Kev. Dines offered a feeling and appropriate prayer, kneeling with the prisoner, who gave freqnent audible re- sponses. Mr. Dines then asked liim if he had anything further to say, or desired anything said. He replied in the negative, and to further remarks expressed entire confidence in God and resignation to his fate. Mr. Flood asked if he still declared himself innocent? He responded, "Yes." He also inquired if he felt prepared for his fate ? He replied he did ; that God was all-powerful ; he trusted in Him ; had forgiven his enemies, and hoped to meet them all in Heaven. All having retired from tiie scaffold, except the sheriff, he annonnceS to the prisoner that the time had arrived and he must execute the law. The prisoner shook hands with him, and desired to meet him in Heaven. After the ropes were adjusted and the cap pulled over his face, he said, ^'Lorcl be with me in this last trial,'' and was launched into eternity. Throughout the entire scene he evinced no visible agitation, except when he referred to his son. He was either innocent, or one of the most desperately wicked men that ever lived or died. He informed his spiritual advisers that he experienced a change in his feelings the night before his execution — that he then forgave his enemies and felt that God had forgiven him. To them he protested his innocence, first and last, in the most positive and solemn manner. Chapman was from Ohio — came to this State some five or six years before his death — was about 45 years old, and left a wife and one child. EIGHARD C. BRANHAM LOST IN GALVESTON BAY. In May, 1857, R. C. Branham, an old citizen, and for many years a prominent merchant in Columbia, and Dr. M. R. Arnold, of Boone County, made a trip to Texas for the purpose of looking at the coun- try — both being passengers on the steamship "Louisiana," Capt. Sheppard. The vessel took fire about 1 o'clock on the morning of May 31, 1857, in Galveston Bay, and when about eight miles from the city. All the passengers were asleep when the fire broke out, but some of them awaking lowered the larboard life-boat and jumped into it, cap- sizing the boat and drowning six or eight persons, among whom was Mr. Branham. Those who were in another life-boat, among whom was Dr. Arnold^ were more fortunate and escaped, and arriving at Galveston about 388 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY, sunrise, gave the first intelligence of the catastrophe. Mr. Branham's body was never recovered. JOE EOBINSON, A NEGRO MAN, EXECUTED FOR THE MURDER OF JAMES T. POINTS. About 7 o'clock on Saturday morning, September 26, 1857, James T. Points, living about twelve miles north of Columbia, and near Mt. Zion meeting house, was murdered by a negro man, Joe, about eighteen years old, belonging to Mr. Wm. Robinson. Mr. Points had Joe in his employ for the year, and on Friday had sent him to the woods to make rails. Returning that evening, he told Mr. P. he had made a certain number. Next morning (Saturday) he went to the woods with the negro, and found that he had told him a false- hood as to the number, whereupon Mr. P. expressed his determin- ation to chastise him. Nothing of the kind, however, was attempted at the time, and nothing more said about it. Mr. P. proceeded to assist the negro in splitting a large log at which he was at work. After a time he became fatigued and sat down to rest. While in this position the negro, picking his opportunity, struck Mr. P. on the head with the poll of the axe, knocking him down. In a short time he gave evidences of returning consciousness, whereupon the murderer gave him a second blow Avith the axe, killing him out- right. He then placed the body upon Mr. P.'s saddle-horse, and took it a half mile distant into the woods and threw it under some brush to conceal it. After this he returned to his work. Mr. P. not returning at night, his family became uneasy, and some of the neighbors, suspecting foul play, at once arrested Joe, who next morning confessed the crime an.d told where he had secreted the body. The murderer was at once committed to the county jail. A special term of the Circuit Court was held on Saturday, August 2, Judge Hall presiding, a grand jury being empanelled, an indictment was found against him for murder in the first degree, and the prisoner was arraio^ned for trial. Odon Guitar and Lewis W. Robinson were assigned him as counsel, who advised him as to his rights and respon- sibilities under the law. Having no defence to make, he plead guilty to the indictment, and was sentenced to be hung on Friday, Novem- ber 13th ; after which he was remanded to prison to await his execu- tion, which occurred about a mile west of the court house, on the Rocheport road, and between the present residences of Mrs. Cornelius Maupin and Mr. Jacob W. Strawn. Jerry Orear was sherifi". HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 389 # 4 DRUNKEN RIOT IN ROCHEPORT CITIZENS' MEETING. On Saturday, March 6, 1858, two young men, citizens of Howard County, by the name of Joysen Patton and William Thomas, came to Rocheport early in the day, and as soon as prac- ticable got drunk, and commenced yelling and screaming like devils, and making use of very obscene and indecent language, until about four or five o'clock, when they mounted their horses and commenced riding up and down the streets in a most furious and defiant manner. One of them, Col. Patton, drew a Colt's revolver, and rode his horse upon the pavement, which was densely crowded with men and children, and put spurs to him and tried to ride over every person on the sidewalk, and had his pistol presented at the crowd as he passed, threatening to kill any person who would attempt to arrest him in his lawless career. At this juncture of the game. Officer Thornton made his appearance with a posse of citizens, and called upon the rioters to surrender themselves to the authorities of the town, which request they spurned, and bid defiance to the officer and his assistants, and threatened to kill any man who would dare touch them. The officer, determined on executing the laAV, rushed upon the rioters and ordered them to stop, saying that they should not be punished except by due process of law, at which time Patton wheeled his horse, facing the officer and about one hundred people, and deliberately fired two shots into the crowd, one of which struck J. L. Lewis' coat in the left breast, but did him no injury. Mr. Thorn- ton then drew a revolver and discharged one shot at the rioters without effect, whereupon Patton fired his third shot, the volley passing over the heads of the crowd and striking a family residence. The depre- dators then turned and fled, and several gentlemen with the officer pursued them several miles from town, and would doubtless have ar- rested them, but one of the pursuers was unfortunately kicked by a horse, and was thought to have been seriously injured, but was not. These disorderly proceedings aroused the latent indignation and temperance sentiments of the people to such an extent that they met in the town ballon Tuesday, March 9th, when, on motion of Hugh L. Forsythe, Dr. George B. Wilcox was called to the chair, and Frank D. Evans appointed secretary. On motion of James B. Watson, a committee of five was appointed to wait upon those who were engaged in the liquor traffic at Roche- port, and request them to give up their stock of liquors, to be re- 390 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. turned to St. Louis, and that the conimittee be empowered, on behalf of the citizens, to purchase said liquors, which motion was unan- imously adopted. On motion, the meeting adjourned to meet at early candle-light. EVENING SESSION. The meeting met pursuant to adjournment. On motion, T. F. Clayton was called to the chair and F. D. Evans appointed secretary. The chair made a report that the committee to whom was delegated the power to purchase the liquors m the town, had so far performed their duty as to take possession of eight hundred dollars' worth, which they had purchased from the venders, subject to a reshipment to St. Louis, which report, on motion, was adopted. On motion of Martin Staley, a committee of three was appointed to draft and report resolutions expressive of the sentiments of the meeting. Whereupon the Chair appointed E.. S. Robinson, Dr. A. Patton and Martin Staley. The committee reported the following preamble and resolutions : — Whereas, In view of the untold miseries whicli have been inflicted upon the human femily by the liquor traffic, and our determination to wage a war of extermination against said traffic in our midst — Resolved, 1. That we heartily indorse the action of the committee appointed by the meeting of this morning, in taking charge of the liquors in this town. 2. That having purchased all of the stock of liquors now on hand, we are determined that no more liquor shall be landed at this place to be sold in anj" shape or form whatever. 3. That a committee of sixty-eight be appointed, whose duty it shall be to carry into ef- «fect the object of the second resolution. T. F. Clayton, Ch'n. F. D. Evans, Sec'y. Which preamble and resolutions were unanimously adopted. Committee of Vigilance, appointed by the Chair : G. B. Wilcox, E. Hulett, Dr. A. Patton, T. F. Clayton, Jno. Glazier, Thos. Chapman, Thos. Waller, Col. J. Corbett, Jno. A. Evans, J. B. Jones, Mc Welsh, Ko. G. Lyle, Wm. Gellaspie, Frank Bentley, Dr. Jno. Wilcox, L. Bentley, Peter Ross, H. W. Crow, R. S. Miller, L. Burroughs, W. W. Morgan, J. R. Clayton, Ro. Wood, Jas. Tindall, H. Tumy, Jas. A. Hill, Jno. Funk, J. W. Davis, B. F. Dimmitt, Jno. S. Lewis, A. B. Potts, Jas. B. Watson, Jas. H. Chandler, H. G. Hopper, Gen. Hatton, Geo. Raulins, S. Conrad, Jno. S. Clayton, Jno. Evans, Sr., Jas. Thornton, Geo. Watts, Jno. Smith, Geo. R. Wilson, Jno. E. Adair, Allen Bysfield, Jno. A. Wallace, S. M. Bradley, Geo. W. Freeman, W. Crump, O. T. Stevens, David Bailey, Jos. Burger, HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 391 Martin Staley, Jos. Conrad, W. T, Evans, Jno. W. Roberts, E. In- man, Jno. Q. Orr, Jas. Bradley, Ed. Miller, H.' L. Forsythe, J. H. Chambers, W. H. Bailey, J. J. Lampkins, John Shanks, Jas. C. Orr, F. D. Evans. SOLDIERS OF THE WAR OF 1812. In November, 1857, the following soldiers of the war of 1812, all of whom were then residents of Boone county, and all of whom, with- out excejDtion, are now dead, petitioned Congress to pass a law grant- ing the soldiers of that war pensions for life. The age and place of nativity of each are given with their names : — David Todd, born in Kentucky ; aged 71 years and 6 months ; health good. Norborne B. Spottswood, born in Virginia; aged 67 years and 2 months; health indif- ferent. Hiram Phillips, born in Virginia; aged 66 years and 6 months; general debility. John Davenport, born in Virginia; aged 64 years and 6 months ; partly deaf ; wounded at the battle of Eiver Raisin. Berkley Estes, born in Virginia; aged 60 years. John Barnes, born in Kentucky ; aged 64 years and 8 months ; partly deaf. Abraham Davenport, born in Virginia; aged 77 years; general debility. Cyrus Lusk, born in Kentucky ; aged 61 years and 3 months ; health good. James King, born in Kentucky ; aged 62 years ; very indifferent health. Gabriel Parker, born in Maryland ; aged 66 years ; health good. Henry Berry, bofn in Kentucky ; aged 60 years ; health first-rate. John Green, born in Kentucky ; aged 67 years ; in feeble health. James Green, born in Kentucky ; aged 71 years; weakness. Isaac Williams, born in Pennsylvania ; aged 66 years and 7 months ; health not very good, Thompson Hardin, born in Virginia; aged 72 years ; health indifferent. "W illiam Sims, born in Kentucky ; aged 67 years ; health feeble. Benjamin Brookshire, born in North Carolina; aged 6l3'ears; health feeble. John Weller, born in Virginia ; aged 67 years ; health good. Samuel B. Todd, born in Kentucky ; aged 64i years ; health tolerable (wounded in battle). Hugh Melvin, born in Kentucky ; aged 73 years ; health feeble. Lemuel B. Searcy, born in Kentucky ; aged 68 years ; health but common. Allen Coats, born in North Carolina; aged 87 years; very stout, but deaf. (In Dudley's defeat.) Fleetwood flerndon, born in Virginia; aged 64 years; health tolerable. Cornelius Vanausdale, born in Virginia; aged 65 years; health feeble. John Caruthers, born in Virginia ; aged 64 years ; nearly blind. John Barclay, born in Kentucky' ; aged 66 years ; sorely afflicted. Greenbury Jacobs, born in Virginia; aged 73 years; health good. James Thomas, born in Virginia; aged 65 years and 5 months; badly afflicted. Elijah Stephens, born in North Carolina ; aged 73 years ; health tolerably good. COUNTY clerk's SAFE BLOWN OPEN. On Tuesday night, July 13, 1858, the iron safe in the county clerk's office in Columbia was blown open with gunpowder, and up- wards of $400 belonging to Judge Woodson, County Clerk, stolen 392 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. therefrom. The thieves broke the fastenhigs off the shutters of the front window and thus effected an entrance to the office. The heavy iron safe was then rolled from its place near the wall, turned over front upwards and after powder was introduced through the key hole the two doors were blown off their hinges. The first or outside door was thick and heavy ; yet it was blown against the ceiling of the roof tearing off the plastering on a spot the size of the door. None of the papers were injured or taken. No clue to the thieves was ever discovered. LARGEST TAX-PAYERS IN 1858 AND 1881. The following is a list of twenty-two of the largest tax-payers in Boone county for the years 1858 and 1881, respectively. For the list of 1881 we are indebted to the Columbia Herald: — FOR 1858. FOR 1881. 1. Eli E. Bass $852 95 1. James S. Rollins $1,234 02 2. James S. Rollins 370 19 2. James T. McBain . 1,106 67 3. Austin Bradford 367 11 3. R. B. Price . 841 21 4. George R. Jacobs 309 36 4. John C. Conley • . . 798 34 5. Moss Prewitt . 294 19 5. Jefferson Garth . 741 04 6. M. G. Singleton 273 52 6. Joel H. Haden . . 711 88 7. Jefferson Garth 273 16 7. George A. Bradford . 662 04 8. Fielding Curtis . 272 38 6. R. T. Prewitt's estate . 615 09 9. E. B. Fullenwider ; 228 00 9. James Harris' estate . 512 28 10. Wm. C. Robinett 218 48 10. N. T. Mitchell, Sr. . 478 06 11, James M. Gordon 205 ,08 11. J. K. Rogers . .475 45 12. Newman B. Starlie . . 199 70 12. 0. Guitar . . 472 22 13. Capt. Wm. Smitti , 199 51 13. Silas W. Warren . 462 94 14. H. M.Clarkson. 193 89 14. J. H. Waugh . . 444 05 15. James Harris . . 192 93 15. John Machir . 438 14 16. John C. McKinney . . 190 94 16. E. C. More, . 412 24 17. Dr. Wm. McClure . . 180 52 17. John S. Clarkson . 411 30 18. William Cochran . 185 90 18. Daniel Mayer . . 403 73 19. John Machir . 185 11 19. S. E. Lenoir . 381 54 20. Archibald W. Turner . 160 72 20. W. W. Tucker . . 380 55 21. John W. Rollins . 159 57 21. J. S. Moss . 374 91 22. John H. Eield . . 149 90 22 B.P. Ritchie . 267 72 Aggregate taxes of the 22, $5,662 21 Aggregate taxes of the 22, $13,725 42 COLUMBIA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION On November 29, 1858, a meeting was held in Columbia to organ- ize a library association, of which Warren Woodson acted as presi- dent, and Dr. Fayette Clapp secretary. W. F. Switzler, George C. Swallow and Robert L. Todd were appointed a committee to draft a constitution, which they reported to a subsequent meeting and it was HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 393 adopted. The association was permanently organized December 20, 1858, by the election of the following officers : — President, Warren Woodson; Secretary, Robert L. Todd; Treasurer, R. B. Price; Librarian, Thomas Y. Gentry; Executive Committee, Jonathan Kirkbride, Moss Prewitt and W. F. Switzler; Library Committee, J. J. Jacob, X. X. Buckner and Joseph K. Rogers. The association established a circulating library, purchased a large number of books, and for several years held a prosperous career, but in time its members failed to hold meetings, and the books were finally deposited in the University library, where they now are. PRICES OF NEGROES HIRED AND SOLD IN 1859. It will be interesting as a matter of history, especially to the younger readers of this volume, to record the prices at which slaves were publicly hired for one year and sold for life, in Columbia, on January 1, 1859, Wm. Lampton, auctioneer, as follows : — BELONGING TO WILLIAM SUTTON. Ellen, aged about 12 years . . . $50 00 | Harrison, aged about 8 years . . $1 00 BELONGING TO MORGAN BRYANT'S ESTATE. Harriet, 15 years to Aprillst, 1859 #8 00 1 Nancy 12 years, to April 1st, 1869 . .'$2 25 Henry, 14 years, to April 1st, 1859 . 22 00 1 BELONGING TO J. H. WILKERSON'S ESTATE. Milly and child $90 00 | Charlotte $46 00 BELONGING TO JOHN SHOCK'S ESTATE. Kirk, aged 13 years $56 00 Nat, aged 11 years 20 GO Estate Rev. Dr. Hall, Alex, to J. P. Burnham $336 James, aged 24 years .... $201 00 Elijah, aged 16 years 156 00 Green, aged 15 years • . . . . 151 00 BELONGING TO MARY SHOCK'S ESTATE. Mary and child $55 00 | Peter $202 00 NEGROES SOLD. J. S. Clarkson's Mary, 23 years, to H, R. Cowden $1,110 Willis, to J. H, Waugh 310 W. H. IRWIN'S NEGROES, SOLD ON TWELVE MONTHS' CREDIT. Eliza and child, toT. C. Parker . . $1,140 I J. F. Burnham's Dave, 9 years, to John, 10 years old, to Robert Lemon . 610 I J. Maddex $450 Jack, 9 years old 660 A. Sublett's Mary, to H. R. C. Cow- Mary, 7 years old, to W. D. True . .467 den 1,000 Martha, 7 years, to J. M. Samuel . . 220 | TOWN CLOCK. The inauguration of the enterprise which resulted in the purchase of a town clock for Columbia, and which now can be seen in the 394 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. cupola of the Court House, is largely due to James L. Stephens. He made the suggestion and contributed a large amount of the means in July, 1859, and before the end of that year the clock was in posi- tion, paid for and performing its office. CHAPTER X. THE CIVIL WAR COMMENCED — HISTORY FROM 1860 TO 1863. Presidential and Congressional Election of 1860 — Contest between Kollins and Henderson for Congress — " Minch or Munch," which ? — A Laughable Anecdote — The election of Mr. Lincoln — Boone County Southern Rights Meeting, in 1861 — Union Meeting in Boone, in 1861 — Capture of Camp Jackson — First Federal Troops in Boone — Swee- ney's Raid on Rollins' Farm — Attempt to Assassinate Col. Switzler — Gen. Prentiss Visit* Columbia — Cols. Glover and Birge's troops in Columbia — Fight at Mount Zion Church — Federal and Confederate Accounts — "Merrill's Horse " — Arrest of Citizens Oath of Loyalty — Union Military Display — A Federal Soldier Disgraced — Arrival of Col. Odon Guitar in Columbia — Military Suppression of the Coluvahm Standard Newspn-per — Columbia Trustees Ousted — Flag Presented to " Merrill's Horse" — Death of Lieut. Theo. Broolts — Col. Guitar at Jefferson City — Roster of his Staff and Officers — July 4, 1862, in Columbia — Pursuit of Porter — Fight at Moore's Mill — Battle at Kirksville — Fight at Compton's Ferry and Yellow Creek — Rebel Guerrillas visit Columbia and Release the Prisoners from Jail — They go to the Statesman Printing Office to Destroy it, but are Dissuaded from Their Purpose — Col. Switzler Appointed Military Secretary of Arkansas — Burning of Mount Zion Church — Flag Presentations— Gen. Guitar's Head- quarters at Columbia — Sword Presented to Him — 61st Regiment Enrolled Missouri Militia — Col. Joseph B. Douglass. ELECTION RETURNS FROM 1860 TO 1863. * Th^se thus marked were elected. AUGUST 6th, 1860. GOVERNOR. Sample Orr 1,522 Hancock Jackson 68 *C. F. Jackson 1,066 Total 2,656 LIETJT.-GOVERNOR. T. J. C. Fagg 1,501 M. M. Parsons 50 *T. C. Reynolds 1,086 Total 2,687 REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS. *James S. Rollins 1,514 J. B. Henderson 1,062 Total .2,576 SENATOR. *C. H. Hardin 1,431 J. L. Stephens 1,193 Total 2,624 HISTORY or BOONE COUNTY. 395 ELECTION RETURNS — Continued. REPRESENTATIVES IN LEGISLATURE. *John W. Harris 1,438 John P. Horner 1,232 *J. M. Gordon 1,287 J. W. Koberts 1,025 SHERIFF. *John M. Samuel (no opposition) 2,598 ELECTION FOR PRESIDENT, NOT. 1860. Stephen A. Douglas (Democrat) 578 John Bell (Union) l,67l John C. Breckinridge (Democrat) 652 Abraham Lincoln (Republican) 12 FEBRUARY 21st, 1861. DELEGATES TO STATE CONVENTION. *Eli E. Bass 1,865 *Jo8ephFlood 1,964 P. H. McBride 397 * Warren Woodson 1,764 F. F. C. Triplett 334 JeflFerson F. Jones 348 NOYEMBER 4th, 1862. CONGRESS. *J. S. Rollins 1,024 Arnold Krekel 3 Eollins' majority in the District 5,426 STATE SENATOR. *.). M. Gordon 975 Thomas Ansel 11 REPRESENTATIVES — TWO ELECTED. *Dr. W. B. Todd 616 * //m. Slade 603 F. T.Russell 544 J. G. Shelnutt 64 SHERIFF. *James H. Waugh 694 James R. Harris 397 COUNTY JUDGE. *David Gordon (no opposition) 939 COUNTT TREASURER. *Moss Prewitt (no opposition) 935 1860. —Population of Boone County 19,486. Nothing of very startling public interest occurred in Boone County during the year 1860. The most notable event of the year in the oounty, and in the nation as well, was the Presidential election — in some respects the most remarkable in the history of the Republic, and will long live in our public annals with the freshness of a new event. It was immediately preceded by the most important "proceed- ings in Congress and among the people which, up to that period, had occurred since the adoption of the Constitutiou. " Switzler's His- tory of Missouri" says that " among these may be mentioned, as of the greatest significance, the renewal of unexampled violence of the slavery agitation, the repeal of the Missouri compromise of 1820, the Kansas-Nebraska controversy, the passage of the per- sonal liberty bills by several of the Northwestern States, the John BrowQ raid at Harper's Ferry, in Virginia, and the belligerent and disunion utterances of various distinguished and trusted leaders of the South. "While the popular excitement occasioned by these events was at its height, the Presidential canvass of 1860 was opened. In the number •of the parties to it, and the character of the gentlemen composing the 396 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. tickets presented for the support of the American people, the canvass was a faithful reflex of popular sentiment, for while it is true the slavery question was the chief issue in the struggle, it assumed a mul- tiplicity of forms, and separated the people of the United States into four grand divisions, each represented by its national convention and nominees for President and Vice President. It was, therefore, a quadrangular contest; and could not fail, on account of the inflam- mable nature of the questions discussed and the highly respectable character of the tickets presented, to excite the profoundest interest in every State in the Union." In Missouri, so far as the State ticket was concerned, the contest was quadrangular, for the Republican, or Lincoln party, presented J. B. Gardenhire as a candidate for Governor, — the vote for pres- ident in the State being; Douglas, 58,801; Bell, 58,372; Breck- enridge, 31,317 ; Lincoln, 17,027. Whole number of votes cast, 158,579 ; the Douglas electors carrying the State over the Bell by only 429 votes. More than half the votes given to Mr. Lincoln (9,945) were cast for him in St. Louis. He received only twelve votes in Boone County, one in Columbia, three in Ashland and eight in Claysville. For Governor, each of the parties (Lincoln excepted) had candi- dates : Saitiple Orr, Bell-Everett or Union; C. F. Jackson, Douglas Democrat, and Hancock Jackson, Breckenridge Democrat, who, it was understood, represented the more ultra pro-slavery wing of the Democratic party. Orr's majority over C. F. Jackson, 456. Boone County felt an unusual interest in the State and Congres- sional canvasses, because two of her distino-uished citizens were candi- dates — Odon Guitar for attorney-general, against J. Proctor Knott (D.) and James S. Rollins for Congress, against John B, Henderson (Douglas Democrat). Both Guitar and Rollins were candidates on the Bell-Everett, or Union ticket. Guitar's majority in Boone, 399, Rollins', 452 ; in the district, 253. The Bell-Everett national ticket was nominated at Baltimore, and) the platform adopted. It was comprised in a single sentence : — The constitution or the country, the union of thi states and the enforce- ment OF the laws. Col. Switzler was a delegate from Missouri to the convention, and it was on his motion that Edward Everett, of Massachusetts, waa made the candidate for Vice-President. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 397 Grreat enthusiasm was excited in Boone County and in the State in the Presidential, Gubernatorial and Congressional candidacy — one of the national political ditties of the campaign used by the Bell-Ev- erett Union party, being the following : — Friends of the Union, from each mountain and valley. Now let your glad voices responsively swell ; From hamlet and cot, let Freemen now rally, And list to the notes of the National Bell. Our glorious Eagle spreads his wings now asunder, Which Democrats strive to fetter and chain ; But the peal of our Bell, intones of loud thunder, Shall teach them that all their corruption is vain. " The Constitution — The Union — the Enforcement of Laws." No Congressional canvass in the State ever attracted more interest, was characterized by more excitement or conducted with more ability than the canvass between Rollins and Henderson. Both of them were leaders of acknowledged statesmanship and eloquence, tact and courao;e, and lar2:e concourses of enthusiastic and admiring friends flocked to their appointments, and made the welkin ring with their applause. The anti-slavery agitation was rapibly reaching a climax, and the institution of slavery — its history, its constitutional guaran- tees, its influence upon the destiny of Missouri, and the measures and parties most likely to secure it against interference, were topics of universal and angry debate. Very naturally, therefore, one of the questions at issue between Rollins and Henderson was, as the district in the aggregate was largely pro-slavery, which was the more worthy of being trusted in the national councils by a constituency largely in- terested in the stability of the "peculiar institution." Each charged the other with being unsound on the question, with having Freesoil, if not Abolition, sympathies, and therefore unworthy of support. But there were two counties in the district, St. Charles and Warren, in which there was a large German or Freesoil element, Republican in sentiment, whose support was essential to the success of one or the other of the candidates. Therefore the efi^ort of both candidates seemed to be to conciliate and receive this independent or Freesoil vote, residing mainly in Warren and St. Charles counties. But it was extremely dangerous, as both of them well knew, for either of them to go too far in the work of conciliation, lest they might be seriously prejudiced, in the minds of the voters in other parts of the district, which were known to be generally and violently pro-slavery in their views. 398 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. Both of the candidates were known to be liberal in their views on the slavery question, and yet at that critical period of its discussion it required a good deal of adroit management and skilful eloquence to steer clear of the breakers which presented tliem selves on the sea 224 GEN. JOHN B. HENDERSON. of party politics, lest in attempting to avoid shipwreck on the Scylla of Freesoilism on the one hand they did not go to the bottom on the Charybdis of Pro-slaverjn'sm on the other. They had an appointment to speak in the village of Marthasville in HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 399 "Warren county, and as good luck to Rollins would have it, Henderson was too ill to be present ; but Frederick Muench, the leader of the Ger- man Freesoilers, was, and he and his friends gave a very attentive hearing to the eloquent address of the Major. After its close Mr. Muench politely waited on the Major, and they discussed not only a bottle of German-made wine together, but the political situation of the district. Mr. Muench frankly complimented him on his speech and told him he thought the Germans could safely intrust the princi- ples advocated by them to his hands, and therefore would use his in- fluence with them to support him, all of which was " flannel " to the Major's anxious and patriotic heart. This was the first meeting between Rollins and Muench, but pre- cisely what passed will pehaps never be known, as Mr. Muench is dead and the Major may have forgotten. Bej'ond doubt, however, it was this meeting and Henderson's absence from the speaking that de- cided the contest in favor of Rollins, whose majority in the district was only 254. But we are now about to touch " the funny bone " of the subject. A few days after the meeting and while he was yet under the influence of Rollins' liberal views on the slavery question and his finely turned periods, Mr. Muench, without Rollins knowing anything of his intentions to do so, wrote a letter to a German Freesoil paper at Hannibal in which he expressed a preference for Rollins over Henderson, saying he believed the Germans might siifely support him, that he had met him and found him a very interesting and persuasive gentlemvm, etc. The letter to the Hannibal paper was translated into English, and for Henderson's benefit re-published in the St. Louis Republican, which advocated his election; and on the morning of their joint dis- cussion at Sturgeon, reached there a short time before the hour of speaking. Rollins did not know it had appeared in print, but Hen- derson got hold of a paper containing it, and in his opening address made a terrific onslauo;ht on Rollins for havino; been baro;ainino^ with the German Freesoilers of Warren and St. Charles to vote for him on the ground of his Freesoil principles. Rollins promptly jumped to his feet and defiantly denied it. Hen- derson responded — " I will prove it on him ; I charge that one Mr. Minch, a German, has written a letter urging the Germans to vote for him, and after he had an interview with Minch." Rollins denied 400 HISTORY or BOONE COUNTY. he knew any such man as Mhich ; thereupon Henderson read the letter somewhat to Rollins' embarrassment. Portions of the crowd hurrahed for Henderson, but Rollins rose with much equanimity, real or assumed, and said defiantly — "Read the name of the author." Henderson did it, "Frederick Minch." "Spell it," said Rollins, and Henderson spelled it — " M-u-e-n-c-h." Rollins — " The name is Muench not Minch; you can't cheat the people; you can't play such tricks on me with impunity ; you have changed his name ! " About this time Henderson's hour expired when Rollins took the stand and said : " Fellow-citizens, you see the advantage Henderson is taking of you and of me ; I denied I had ever heard of such a man as Minch ^ and he changed his name to Minch to entrap me into that denial. It was Munch not Minch; I know him; he is a gentleman and a patriot and a man of sense, which I fear Henderson is not." All the Whigs were satisfied and shouted for Rollins, and Mr. James Palmer (since deceased), one of the largest men in the county and an ardent Henry Clay Whig mounted the stand and shouted, " Rollins is vindicated triumphantly. Henderson changed the name of the writer of the letter and thus attempted to mislead our gallant leader, Rollins. No man who will do such a thing is entitled to the votes of Whigs or Democrats, and I now move that we all vote for Rollins." And he put the vote and there arose in response a thun- dering aye, and Palmer (without putting the other side) declared it carried unanimously, and in the midst of the excitement and uproar moved that the crowd adjourn to the nearest saloon and take a drink, which they did, leaving Henderson discomfited and crestfallen, and Rollins triumphant and cock of the walk. And all because Henderson said Mmc/t instead oi Munch. THE ELECTION OF MR. LINCOLN. The election of Mr. Lincoln to the Presidency spread the wildest excitement throughout all the slaveholding States, and fanned to a flame the smouldering fires of disunion and civil war. Very soon after it was announced, the State of South Carolina seceded from the Union, and thus placed herself in the vanguard of those States which sooner or later madly leaped into the vortex of revolution and anarchy. This event greatly excited and deeply moved, not only the people of Boone HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 401 Count}^ but of the entire State, for it was quite natural that a large slaveholding county like Boone, in the interior of the only border slaveholding State Avest of the Mississippi Eiver, should give evidence of much concern in regard to every movement calculated to shake the foundations of the Federal Union or the stability of the institution of slavery. Near the closing scenes of the year 1860, the people of the county anticipated the future with kindred emotions of hope and despair, fearing that the Union was in imminent peril, and that the torch of civil war might very soon blaze in skies hitherto cloudless and serene. And the sequel proved that their forebodings of evil were not ground- less. The secession of South Carolina on December 20, followed during January by the secession of Mississippi, Florida, Alabama and Georgia, were events of dire portent and well calculated to disturb the foundations on which reposed the public peace and security. 1861. — Chronologically, we are now approaching in this history the abyss of that bloody and fratricidal civil war into which our country was plunged : and we realize that in attempting to record the exciting and rapidly occurring events of the period we tread " between burning plowshares," and are liable from various causes to unjust criticism and misapprehension. Nevertheless, it will be our purpose to record impartially the events of the war, and not to manufacture them ; to do justice to its participants on both sides, to record facts as we find them, and to record them as a historian and not as a commentator. No opinion or prejudices of our own shall distort or color them, but it will be our purpose in collating the stirring events of this period to accomplish it with perfect fairness and impartiality. The firing upon the Federal garrison at Fort Sumter by Gen. Beau- regard, on April 11, 1861, was an event the sound of which rang through the country like a fire-bell in the night. It came with the speed of lightning on the wires to Boone County, followed very soon after by a call on Missouri by the President for four regiments of men for immediate service, the refusal of Gov. Jackson to furnish them, the organization in Columbia, on Wednesday. April 24, 1861, of the <' Columbia Home Guards," a voluuteer company for the protection and defence of Columbia. Officers — Prof. E. T. Fristoe, Captain; Prof. J.J. Searcy«!s First Lieutenant ; Richard H. Carter, Second Lieu- tenant ; James H. Waugh, Third Lieutenant ; Wm. H. Tillery, First Orderly Sergeant; W. H. Northcutt, Second Orderly Sergeant; 26 402 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. Joseph B. Douglass, Third Orderly Sergeant ; John M. Samuel, Treasurer. BOONE COUNTY " SOUTHERN RIGHTS MEETING." Something of the temper and sentiments of a portion of the people may be gathered from the proceedhigs of a " Southern Rights Meet- ing " held in the Court House on Saturday, April 20, 1861. While it was in session three different flags floated in Columbia: the Stars and Stripes, the Border State flag, and the flag of the Confederate States. The following are the proceedings of the meeting : — BOONE COUNTY MEETING. Pursuant to previous notice, a large and enthusiastic meeting of the citizens of Boone County was held at the Court House in Columbia on Saturday, the 20th of April. On motion. Dr. C. Q. Chandler was temporarily called to the chair, whereupon S. Turner moved that a committee of Ave be appointed to report back a permanent organiza- tion for the meeting. The chair appointed Messrs. S. Turner, Samuel Kennon, Wm. H. Duncan and Arthur P. Clarkson, who retired for the purpose named. During the absence of the committee, Capt. F. F. C. Triplett, by the request of the chair, explained the object of the meeting in a clear, forcible and satisfactory manner, the substance of which is set forth in the resolutions annexed. The committee on permanent organization reported as follows : — Chairman: Judge P. H. McB ride. Vice Presidents: Dr. C. Q. Chandler, David Powell, James Eyan, Col. E. E. Bass, Isaac "Williams, Judge Alexander Persinger, Allen B. Orear. Secretaries : C. Maupin, P. K. Lynch, Dr. Alex. Spence. The report of the committee, on motion of Capt. Triplett, was adopted, and the persons named repaired to their respective stations. On motion of Col. John W. Rollins, a committee of two from each civil township was appointed to prepare and report resolutions ex- pressive of the views and sentiments of the meeting. Just as the committee retired, a number of gentlemen, bearing aloft the flag of the Confederate States, with fifteen stars emblazoned thereon, edged their way into the crowded court room and were greeted with three cheers for Jeff". Davis and the Southern Confederacy. S Turner was called upon to address the meeting, which he did, alluding briefly to the causes of our National troubles, and reviewing in an eloquent and HISTOKY OF BOONE COUNTY. 403 patriotic manner the many insults and injuries which have been heaped upon the South by the fanatics of the North ; appealing to his countrymen to rise in their majesty and vindicate Southern honor, concluding amid great applause and cheers for " Old Virginia," and the addition of another star to the Confederate States. Calls for "Dixie" by the band, etc. The committee on resolutions then made the following report : — Whereas, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by a warlike policy to- wards the Confederate States of America, in sending an armed fleet to the port of Charles- ton and in notifying the authorities of South Carolina that he " would provision and rein- force " Fort Sumter peaceably if allowed, but forcibly if necessary, thereby provoking an attack by the Confederate troops on Fort Sumter, and involving us, regardless of the wishes, prayers and entreaties of every patriot throughout the length and breadth of our prosperous and happy country, in all the horrors and devastation of a civil and servile war; and Whereas, He has withdrawn the Federal troops from our frontier posts, and placed them in a position for active service against our brethren, leaving our frontier citizens in a defenceless condition and exposed to the ravages of the merciless savage ; and, Whereas, He is actively engaged in fitting out and sending to the Southern coasts armed vessels ladened with provisions and munitions of war, with orders sealed to all but himself and his counsellors and other minion's of destruction; and in divers other demonstrations of a warlike character, in the movements of both land and naval forces, exciting just apprehen- sions in the minds of the people of South, that he intends an invasion of their soil and the sub. jugation of them into obedience to the Federal laws. And in open defiance to the warning voice and solemn admonitions of the border slave States, to stay his hand and avoid the shedding of blood, while they were engaged in a noble, patriotic and self-sacrificing strug- gle to adjust our National difficulties, preserve our once glorious Union, and save our o-qv- ernment and our people from the inevitable ruin and devastation that must necessarily fol- low in the train of a civil war, he has called on the G-overnors of the several States for seventy-five thousand men to accomplish his diabolical work of destruction, turning loose upon us the dogs of war, thirsting for blood and carnage, and thus blasting forever all hopes of a reconciliation between the belligerent sections of our country; he has forced upon the border slave States the alternative of taking their position in the fearful struggle, either with the fanatical Abolition and negro-worshipping States of the ITorth, in the subjugation of their brethren of the South, with whom they are identified by the strongest and most in- dissoluble bonds of interest, honor, institutions and blood, or of uniting their destinies with their sister Southern States and resisting to the death the tide of Northern fanaticism and aggression which threatens to overwhelm and annihilate the dearest rights and liberties of a free and independent people. Be it, therefore. Resolved, 1. That we unhesitatingly link our destinies, our interest, our honor, our fate and our all, for weal or for woe, with our Southern brethren ; and we will, as an unholy, unjust and unnatural war is forced upon us, unsheathe the civil sword in defence of our rights and hold it up (reeking with fraternal blood) to the gaze of the civilized world, as a faithful witness of the justice of our cause. ^ 2. That the secession of a State, or the withdrawal of the powers delegated by it to the Federal Government, is but a peaceable, sovereign, inherent and inalienable right of a free people (from whom all good governments derive their just powers), to change, throw ofi', or revolutionize their government when it becomes oppressive or dangerous to their rights, liberties or institutions. 3. That the committee appointed by the State Convention for the purpose of calling that 404 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. body together when the state of the country demanded it, are earnestly requested to convene said body at as early an hour as is practicable, that it take such action as will place Mis- souri in her proper position with her sister States of the South who have been compelled by the fanaticism of the North and by Federal aggression to resume the exercise of the powers delegated by them to the Federal Government. 4. That the Governor of the State of Missouri be and is hereby requested to take speedily such steps as are requisite to put our State in a defensive posture, and to place her on a war footing. 5. That we regard with scorn and contempt the demand made by Abraham Lincoln on the Governor of Missouri for troops to aid in carrying out his unholy and iniquitous crusade for the subjugation of our Southern brothers, under the specious and insidious pretext of enforcing the laws of the Federal Government and preserving the Union and the Constitu- tion, which has been by him and his party grossly insulted, violated and trampled under their unhallowed feet. And we most cordially indorse the prompt, manly and patriotic re- sponse of Governor Jackson to his presumptuous demand. 6. That the course of John B. Henderson, and the opinions avowed by him in the late session of the Missouri convention, are inconsistent with our honor, interest and feeling, and that we request him not to assume to act as our delegate in any convention or consulta- tion of the border slave States. 7. That we totalljr disapprove of the votes given by the convention refusing to pledge Missouri against Federal coercion and in favor of seceding with the other border slave States. 8. That the people of the several counties throughout the State be requested to meet in convention, and that they recommend that the State Convention be convened at as early an hour as practicable, and to instruct their delegates to vote for the immediate withdrawal of Missouri from the Federal compact. 9. That a committee of three be appointed to correspond with our delegates, and instruct them to vote for the immediate withdrawal of Missouri from the Federal Government, and to propose memorials to the voters of our district, to be signed by them, requesting the im- mediate resignation of such as may refuse to comply. 10. That the adjournment of the convention to December, after it had by its votes deter- mined to do nothing under any circumstances to change the Federal relations of the State, was apparently designed to prevent the people from selecting delegates of different senti- ment to meet and alter the condition of things, and was, therefore, anti-republican in spirit and design. 11. That in view of the perilous condition of public affairs and the inauguration of civil and probably servile war, we deem it prudent and proper to take such steps as will crush out and suppress discontent and insurrections among slaves and free negroes, and to prevent them from being tampered with or instigated to disobedient and rebellious acts by any de- signing white men who may be regarded as enemies to our peace, securitj^ and happiness. It is therefore recommended that meetings be held as soon as convenient in each civil town- ship in the county to consider the premises and adopt such measures as may be deemed best. 12. That all who concur in the above resolutions are cordially invited to a participation in this meeting and a co-operation with us in the promotion of all its objects, regardless of past party divisions or prejudices. And upon motion of Col. John W. Rollins, were unanimously adopted. As each resolution was read, loud and deafening applause ensued. The whole batch of resolutions was voted for not only unanimously, but with a vim never before witnessed here. Col. Rol- lins, responding to a call, delivered a brief but eloquent speech, de- HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 405 daring his entire devotion to the South — that their destiny was one for weal or for woe, glory or shame ; that he would apply the torch to his own home — that he would see the verdant fields of the South burnt black and crisp — that he would go farther : that he would lay the knife to his last child rather than purchase their security by a cowardly and shameful submission to Black Republican rule ! The Colonel was loudly and rapturously applauded. The venerable vice-president, Judge Persinger, for twenty-four years Judge of the County Court, was vociferously called for. In response, the Judge referred to his past political associations. He said that he was formerly a Whig, afterwards acted with the American party, and still later a member of the Union party ; that he had taken strong Union ground during the contest for delegates to the late State Con- vention, actuated as he was by the delusive hope that proper compro- mises would be made, the Union reconstructed, and quiet restored; that this hope gradually gave way as Lincoln's acts, one by one, were made known, until now no hope was left — that one course only was left for Missouri ; that her interest, honor, sympathy and destiny was with the South, He was repeatedly interrupted by loud applause and " Go on, old man, we want to hear from you." Col. Eli E. Bass (delegate to the State Convention), one of the vice-presidents of the meeting, was called for and took the stand. Col. Bass said : — " Fellow-citizens : I am glad you have given me an opportunity here to-day, since there seems to be great dissatisfaction among you at the course pursued by me as your delegate to the State Convention, of explaining my vote upon the amendment offered by Mr. Bast, of Montgomery, to the third resolution of the majority report of the Committee on Federal Relations." Col. Bass stated that he voted nay under a misapprehension of the import of the amend- ment ; that a day or two before the vote was taken he had seen a pro- posed amendment of Mr. Bast, which the latter said he intended to introduce, and which at the time of voting he understood to be under consideration ; that he (Col. Bass) was then and would still be under similar circumstances opposed to tJiat amendment which differed wholly in its effect from the one finally presented by Mr. Bast, of Montgomery ; that he was astonished afterwards to see his vote re- corded against the Bast amendment; that he cordially indorsed said amendment. The Colonel further stated that he approved of the pro- ceedings and objects of the meeting — when, on motion of S. Turner, Col. Bass was exonerated by the meeting from any reflection or cen- 406 HISTOliY OF BOONE COUNTY. sure on account of the said vote, after which, at the suggestion of the chair, three cheers were given for Governors Jackson and Magoffin. On motion, the meeting adjourned. A similar meeting expressing similar sentiments, was held in Roche- port, on April 19, of which Dr. C. I. Chandler acted as president, and B. F. Dimitt, as secretary. A committee composed of Dr. John Wilcox, Dr. A. Patton, H. Wheeler, F. F. Kirby and John Shindler reported the resolutions, and a request was made that G. G. Vest and Lewis W. Robinson address them at their earliest convenience. During the absence of the committee on resolutions, " a call was made for Col. John Hinton, who responded in an able, eloquent and pat- riotic speech, in defence of the rights and liberty of the South, and \ was frequently cheered and applauded with great enthusiasm." F. F. Kirby was appointed to solicit names of members of a " Home Guard." Having copied the proceedings of a " Southern Rights meeting," held by a portion of the citizens of Boone, during the early stages of our civil war, it is but fair that those on the other side be also heard, and for this purpose we copy from the Statesman of May 10, 1861, the proceedings of a UNION MEETING IN BOONE COUNTY. Pursuant to public notice, one among the largest meetings ever held in the county convened in the Court House on Monday, May 6, 1861, ' to express opinions in regard to the then present crisis. At 1 o'clock the meeting was called to order by Col. Switzler, on whose nomination Mr. James McConathy, Sr., was elected president. On taking the chair the president requested Col. Switzler to explain the objects of the meeting, which he proceeded to do in a speech of considerable length; whereupon, on motion of Elder T. M, Allen, Dr. M. R. Arnold was elected secretary. F. T. Russell, Esq., moved that a committee of seven be appointed to draft resolutions expressive of the sense of the meeting, and the chair appointed the following : F. T. Russell, Ishmael Vanhorn, David Gordon, Henry Keene, John W. Hall, Joel Palmer, Maj. James Brown . On the retirement of the committee, on motion of Col. Switzler, Judge Curtis Field, Jr., of Richmond, Ky., who was present in the audience, was requested to address the meeting. As, in his opinion, the crisis demanded that each State should decide for itself its own HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 407 duty, and as he was a citizen of Kentucky he did not deem it proper to take up the time of the meeting with any remarks of his own, and, therefore, begged to be excused. Maj. Rollins was then loudly called for, and .responded in a speech of an hour and a half, at the conclusion of which the committee, through Mr. Russell, their chairman, reported the following preamble and resolutions : — Whereas, Civil war has been inaugurated in the United States, brought about by the extreme meo of the North and the extreme men of the South ; and whereas the State of Missouri occupies a position central between the two extremes, and has hitherto earnestly opposed all hostile demonstrations on the part of either ; therefore, Resolved, 1. That the true policy of Missouri, at present, is to maintain an independent position within the Union — holding her soil and institutions sacred against invasion or hos- tile interference from any quarter whatever. 2. That we approve and indorse the reply of the Governor of the State of Missouri to the Secretary of War, in refusing to furnish troops for the purpose of coercing our Southern brethren. 3. That patriotism and policy, and the preservation of the public peace, alike require on the part of the Federal Administration a prompt and immediate recognition of the Southern Confederacy, as a government de facto, and forming an alliance, offensive and de- fensive, with it, for mutual protection. 4. That in our opinion Secession is a remedy for no evil, real or imaginary, but an ag- gravation and complication of existing difficulties ; but if we are reduced to the necessity of engaging in the present war and strife, that then we will stand bj' and co-operate with the South. 5. That, to the end that Missouri may be fully prepared for any contingency, we would have her citizens arm themselves thoroughly, at the earliest practicable moment, by regular action of the State. 6. That as we hear that the Border State Convention will be held at Frankfort, Ken- tucky, on the 27th inst., we therefore urge the delegates from Missouri to said Convention, to attend the same. 7. That we approve of the course of our delegates to the State Convention, Messrs. Woodson, Bass and Flood, and that we believe they truly and faithfully reflected the wishes and sentiments of those by whom they were elected, and that theil" action upon the impor- tant measures before the Convention is fully indorsed by this meeting. The question being upon the adoption of the resolutions, Mr. Guitar moved that the vote be taken upon the resolutions separately, which motion carried. The preamble and the first and second resolutions were adopted unanimously. When the third resolution was read Mr. Guitar rose in his place and said he had no desire to disturb the harmony of the meeting, or to influence the action of any one participating in it, that he could cheerfully indorse all the resolutions except the third and fourth, but these he could not indorse and desired briefly to state his reasons. This, he said, was no time for men to be pandering to the prejudices of each other, no time for courting the wavering or cower- 408 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. ing before the strong ; the question was narrowed down to a single issue : Are we for our country or against it? Shall Missouri abaudon the Union and range herself under the ensign of the Rattlesnake and Pelican, or will she still rest under the shadow of the glorious Stars and Stripes? This was the question, the only question, demanding an answer at our hands. The third resolution was, in his judgment, a clear recognition of the right of secession, the most damnable political heresy ever invented by the brain of the vilest political demagogue. He should never countenance it, either directly or indirectly. He said the resolution required the government to recognize the Confederacy as a government " c?e facto.'" It had no existence, in his opinion, either as a government in fact or of right, unless we ad- mit the correctness of the principle upon which it is founded, the right of peaceable secession ; otherwise it is but revolution inchoate^ and its consummation remained subject to the vicissitudes of war. He said further, the third resolution required us to form an alliance, offensive and defensive, with the Southern Confederacy. In answer to this he only had to say, that if the Government of the United States had become too weak or too corrupt to protect our rights and redress our wrongs we ought to revolt and throw it off before enter- ing into an alliance with a foreign power. The fourth resolution, he said, required us in any event, to join the seceded States, notwithstanding the developments of the future might shoAv it to be our duty and our interest to unite ourselves with a cen- tral Confederacy. Be that as it might, there was one feature en- grafted upon the organic law of the so-called Southern Confederacy which would forever keep him out of it ; that was the right of "peaceable secession." He said he cared nothing for the fate of the resolutions, but hoped the friends of the Union would dare to do and say what they thought was right. - For himself he had not, and would not, occupy any equivocal position, when the liberties and destiny of his country were at stake. He was for his country, and should remain so. He prided himself in her glory, and was willing, if need be, to participate in her shame. If, he said, the glorious old ship of State shall be dismasted by the storm, deserted by her crew, and left to founder and sink amid the waves of anarchy which will engulf her, it would be glory enough for him to go down with the wreck. Mr. Russell, in response, said that the fourth resolution negatived HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 409 the idea of recognizing the right of secession by denouncing secession, uroino- that the recognition of the Confederate States as a government de facto was a measure of peace, viohitive of no principle; that, in short, it was recognition or war, and we had to choose between them. He preferred recognition. Maj. Rollins thought that he had an amendment which could recon- cile the difficulty and satisfy all. He therefore moved to amend the resolution as follows : after the word " that," in the first line, insert "whilst we repudiate the constitutional right of secession," which was adopted, the resolution, as amended, passed with one negative vote — Mr, Guitar, a number of gentlemen not voting. The balance of the resolutions were then unanimously adopted, ex- cept the fourth, which was voted as the third, after which, at the unanimous request of the meeting. Elder T. M. Allen gave his views as to the duty of Missouri in th*e present crisis, taking uncompromis- ino; o;round ao-ainst secession and for the Union — denouncing seces- sion as civil war, and making an eloquent appeal to the people to maintain an armed neutrality within the Union, and not be driven away by passion and prejudice into the dangerous experiment of revolution and anarchy. The meeting then adjourned. THE CAPTURE OF CAMP JACKSON, On May 10, 1861, by the Federal forces under Lyon and Blair, greatly excited the people of Boone and of the whole State, for, re- gardless of their views as to the justness of the procedure, they looked upon it as the substantial inauguration of civil war within our borders. And so it proved, for very soon afterward it was followed by an extra session of the Legislature, seemingly with warlike intent, the sudden abandonment of the State Capital by that body and the State officers on the approach of the Federal arms, and the battle of Boonville (Monday, June 17, 1861), and the occupation of that city by Lyon and Blair. Many of our citizens residing on the river border were in hearing of the cannonading at Boonville, and some of them were participants in the warlike events of that day. They were quick to recognize the booming of the oruns as a sio:nal of war, and those of them who on the evening of the battle saw for the first time about 150 Federal troops disembark from the ferry-boat and occupy the town had ocu- lar demonstration of the fact that the tocsin of civil war had indeed 410 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. been sounded. These were the first government troops which " in- vaded the sacred soil " of Boone county. It was not long, however, before another force, coming up on a train from Mexico, disembarked at Centraha. A third and much hirger force, consisting of six or seven hundred infentry and about one hundred cavalry, under command of Col. W. H. Worthington, of the Fifth Iowa Infantry, marched un- heralded into Columbia quite early on Wednesday morning, Septem- ber 4, 1861. They came from Jefferson City, occupied the University campus, and later in the day took up quarters in the building itself. At 6 o'clock in the evening, at the request of many citizens. Col. Worthington consented to a dress parade on Broadway, and for this purpose, the entire force marching to the strains of martial music and with the Stars and Stripes gaily glittering in the sunlight, appeared on that street, presenting that which was to all eyes, friendly and un- friendly, a magnificent pageant. On the next day the command left for Jeff"erson City. What they came for has never transpired. Certainly they did nothing, by arrest or otherwise, to indicate hostile intentions or to disclose the object of their visit. Sweeney's raid on rollins' farm. On Tuesday, October 22, 1861, about fifty cavalrymen under com- mand of Capt. Bob Sweeney, of Renick, marched through Columbia and encamped at the Fair Grounds. They were State or Southern troops, and it was not long before a portion of them made a raid on the farm of James S. Rollins, a Union man, and took therefrom six head of horses, among which were his carriage horses, and five head of mules, together with a two-horse wagon and all the plow harness they could find. Mnj. Rollins was at the time absent in St. Louis. In the evening and the following morning they revisited the farm and pressed a sufficient quantity of corn to forage the horses of the whole command during their stay, which was till the morning after they arrived. Maj. Rollins' loss was about $1,500. As soon as this pro- ceeding was known, the leading secessionists expressed their strong condemnation of it, and, greatly to their credit, exerted themselves to induce Capt. Sweeney to return the property. Some of them offered, if he would return it, to furnish him an equal number of horses of their own. He seemed inexorable ; but was finally pre- vailed upon to return a horse belonging to J. W. Lamme, taken with the balance. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 411 ATTEMPT TO ASSASSINATE COL. SWITZLER. During the evening of Sweenej^'s visit, and while a crowd of citizens was in front of the Statesman office, some of them in conversation with Capt. Sweeney, the editor of the Statesman being one of the crowd, an attempt was made by a man who was an utter stranger to him, and of whose presence or even existence he knew nothing, to assassinate Col. Switzler by a pistol shot in the back. Of this dem- onstration he was very soon informed by another stranger, Wil- liam Inge, of Pike county, a recruiting officer from Price's army, and an honorable, heroic man. In, a short time, however, as he walked across the street, and when abo-ut the center of it, Mr. Inge, who followed him, detected a second attempt by the same man to draw his pistol ; an attempt unseen by Switzler, whereat Mr. Inge instantly drew a large navy revolver, and presenting it towards him, denounced him as a cowardly assassin thus to attempt to shoot a man in the back who had never spoken to him, warning him that if he moved a muscle he would fill him full of holes. There the affair ended. Late in the afternoon of Tuesday about seventy-five cavalry, under Gen. S. B. Hatton, and early in the night another company under Capt. Searcy, came into Columbia and encamped at the Fair Ground. Next morning about eleven o'clock the whole force took up the line of march for a Southern camp six hundred strong near Concord, Callaway county, where they were still encamped on Thursday morn- ing meditating an advance upon a camp of loyal State troops said to be near Shamrock, under Gen. J. B. Henderson. GENERAL PRENTISS VISITS COLUMBIA. In November, 1861, Lieut. Col. Morse, of Foster's resfiment of Missouri militia, from Hudson City (Macon City), visited Boone •county in search of Sweeney's command, who had retreated beyond Glasgow into Chariton, whither he pursued. During the same month Gen. B. M. Prentiss, then of Quincy, Illinois, and commandant of the post of Jefferson City, remained in Columbia with a considerable force for several days. During his stay he ordered the arrest of one of his own soldiers for an outrage west of Columbia, and sentenced him to be drummed out of service without pay — which was done. General P. made a speech at the court house, had a magnificent dress parade on the street, and left for Jefferson City via Providence, his 412 HISTORY OF BOONK COUNTY. troops cheering Maj. Rollins as they passed his residence. The Major came out and acknowledged the compliment in a ringing Union speech. On Saturday, December 7, 1861, Captain Sweeney and about 30' of his followers were captured in Saline county, opposite Glasgow, by a Federal force under Maj. Marshall. Early on the same night the very lamentable death of Miss Kitty Spilraan, a young lady, occurred near the residence of the late Wade M. Jackson, of Howard (.Vunty, occasioned by a shot from a Federal picket, belonging to troops under the command of Lieut. Weatherby,. a portion of Morse's command.^ COLS, glover's and birge's troops. On Friday, December 27, 1861, about 200 Federal infantry, under command of Capt. John Welker, of Col. Birge's sharpshooters, reached Columbia from their encampment, Middleton, twelve miles north, and took up quarters in the University. On Sunday night they left for Sturgeon. On the next evening — the North Missouri Railroad having been burned in several places, thus cutting off com- munication with St. Louis — about 250 cavalry, under Col. John M. Glover and a portion of Captain Campbell's company of Birge's Sharpshooters, accompanied by several wagons, came to Columbia for the purpose of procuring supplies of flour, coff'ee, etc., for the Federal camp at Sturgeon. Cols. Glover and Birge were with them. Having no means with which to purchase the needed supplies, and at the early stages of the war not having adopted the policy of forcibly taking possession of what they needed, they experienced some trouble in procuring what they desired. Finally, the merchant fii'm of Thomas J. and S, F. Conley, who were Union men, sold them what they wanted to the amount of about $300, for which a receipt was given ; but it was some years after the close of the war, because of the red tape in the department at Washington, before they succeeded^ in collecting the bill. THE FIGHT AT MT. ZION CHURCH. On Saturda}' morning, December 28, 1861, several previous skir- mishes between Federal forces belongmg to the Third Missouri Cavalry,. 1 In the skirmish with the Confederate force near Kenick, on the night of December 21^ Lieut. Col. Morse was wounded in the thigh by a gun shot and died of the wound. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 413 Col. John M. Glover commanding, and sharpshooters of Col. J. W. Birge, all under command of Gen. Prentiss, and a confederate force com- manded by Col. Caleb Dorsey, culminated in an engagement at Mt. Zion meeting-house, fifteen miles northeast of Columbia, which as- sumed the proportions of a battle. The following is GEN. PRENTISS' OFFICIAL REPORT. Headquarters Army of North Missouri, "I Palmyra, Mo., January 4, 1862. / Capt. John C. Kelton, Assistant Adjutant-General Department of Missouri: In pursuance of a special order, received on the evening of December 23, 1861, I proceeded from Palmyra for Sturgeon on the morning of the 24th day of December, with five compa- nies of the Third Missouri Cavalry, Col. John M. Glover commanding. 1 arrived at Sturgeon on the evening of the 26th. During the following day, having learned that there was a con- centration of rebels near the village of Hallsville, in Boone County, I sent forward one com- pany of cavalry, commanded by Capt. Howland, to reconnoitre in that vicinity. Capt. Howland proceeded to Hallsville, but found no rebels. After proceeding about two miles beyond, his advance guard encountered the rebels in force, commanded by Col. Caleb Dor- sey. Capt. Howland endeavored to draw off" his company, having taken nine prisoners, but was overpowered. Being wounded, and having lost his horse, he was taken prisoner, with one private of his company. The remainder of his men made good their retreat, arriving at Sturgeon at nine o'clock p. m. Having learned the position of the enemy, I immediately or- dered five companies of cavalry, Col. John M. Glover commanding, and five companies of sharpshooters, Col. Birge commanding, numbering in all four hundred and seventy, to march at two A. M., at which hour I started, and after marching a distance of sixteen miles, at eight o'clock A. M. of the 28th inst., I found one company of rebels, commanded by Capt. Johnson, in position to the left of the road leading from Hallsville to Mt. Zion. I ordered two compa- nies of sharpshooters to pass to the rear of the enemyj and one of cavalry to dismount and engage them in the front, it being diflScult for the sharpshooters to attain their position un- perceived, the enemy manifesting a disposition to retire. Col. Glover opened fire, and succeeded in killing five, and capturing seven prisoners, from whom I learned the number and position of the main force. The enemy being posted at a church, known as Mt. Zion, in Boone County, and one mile and a half in advance, numbering near nine hundred men, I ordered the cavalry under Col. Glover forward, accompanied by two companies of Birge's sharpshooters. Col. Birge, with them^ arriving near the encamp- ment, one troop of cavalry were ordered to dismount and engage the enemy. The sharp, shooters were afterwards ordered through a field on our right to skirmish with the enemy's left, and if possible drive them from the woods. The firing being heavy, these three companies not being able to drive the enemy from his cover. Col. Glover, with his available force, moved in double-quick to the aid of the three companies engaged, and for half an hour longer the battle raged and became a hand-to-hand fight. Capt. Boyd's company of sharpshooters were in the midst of the rebel camp. Also Major Carrick, with Company C, Third Illinois Cavalry. When Col. Glover arrived, the rebels could not stand the fire of our rifles and retreated, leaving in our hands ninety (90) horses and one hundred and five (105) stand of arms. The battle was brought to a close about eleven a. m. The reserve of two companies coming into action at the moment the enemy gave way, our victory was complete. After collecting our wounded, we proceeded to collect those of the enemy, placed them in the church, and sent for farmers and friends in the vicinity to render assistance. I collected wagons, made our wounded as comfortable as possible, and at four 414 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. P. M. started for Sturgeon, where we arrived at nine p. m. Our loss in the battle of Mt. Zion- and in the engagement of the evening previous is as follows : Killed, three ; slightly wounded, forty-six; severely wounded, seventeen, Kobel loss: Killed, twenty-five; wounded, one- hundred and fifty. I have not been able to get a correct report of the rebel missing ; but having taken thirty prisoners from the barn, their punishment is a severe one. Sixty of the rebels, with Capt. Howland and four of our men as prisoners, arrived at the camp at night, twenty miles dis- tant from the field of battle. Permit me to mention that our entire force behaved gallantlj'. I make special mention of the following officers : Col. John M. Glover, Maj. Carrick, Lieuts. Yates and Kirkpatrick, of the Third Missouri Cavalry; Col. Birge, Capt. Boyd, and Adjt. Temple, of Birge's Sharp- shooters, and Lieut. Edwin Moore, my aide. I also assure you that the men behaved with coolness and daring during the engagement. Annexed please find list of names of our killed and wounded, and list of rebel wounded,- left by us at Mt. Zion. I have the honor to be. Captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, B. M. Prentiss, Brigadier-General. LIST OF KILLED AND WOUNDED AT THE BATTLE OP MT. ZION, DECEMBER 28, 1861, OP THE PIRST REGIMENT OP SHARPSHOOTERS — COL. BIRGE COMMANDING. Severely Wounded. — W. Derot, Company B, since died; Sergeant Larimore, Company B; J. Manar, Company B ; P. Putnam, Company B; C. H. Machie, Company H; H. Gur- non. Company H ; C. Atherton, Company H. Slightly Wounded. — A. Henoesi, Company A ; John Lynch, Jesse Chambers, L. Beach, D. Martimore; W. H. Blake. Tobias Miller, Peter Edwards, Company B ;■ Sergeant Weeks, Companj' D ; Sergeant Lemon, Corporal Carr, J. M. Parker, J. Vinton, M. Grady, T. Slevin, Company H. REPORT OP KILLED AND WOUNDED AT THE SKIRMISH NEAR HALLSVILLE, DECEMBER 27, 1861. AND AT THE BATTLE OP MT. ZION, DECEMBER 28, 1861, OP COL. JOHN GLOVBR'S THIRD MISSOURI CAVALRY. Killed. — Hugh Gregg, Alfred Magers, G. Milton Douglass, Company C. Severely Wounded. — Andreus Goodrich, Company A, since died ; Wm. "Wright, Com- pany B, since died ; Charles Carnehan, D. H. Hindman, C. C. Washburn, Company B, since died; John R. Stewart, George Barcastle, Isaac Black, Company C, since died; Wm. H. Hardin, Benjamin F. Tidell, Company E, since died. Slightly Wounded. — Capt. J. T. Howland, Company A; F. S. Morris, Company A; Jo- seph Washburne, Company A ; Daniel Barret, Company A ; J. H. Warnesbrj', James Eagle, Company B ; Marion Morrell, Thos. Phillipot, Henry Ferguson, John Wessell, Thos. Kirby, John Scroggen, William Beman, Robert Allen, Company C; Herbert Reed, J. A. Flickiner, Company D; J. H. Turner, Henry Alters, Company A; Daniel Shannehan, Ju- lius Krenling, Company B; Henry Henry, Henry S. Akers, Jesse Steele, William H, How- ell, John R. Rogers, Millard Williams, Company C; William B. Davis, John Macklin, Geo. Lopez, John W. Donaldson, Allen H. Fite, Company F. LIST OP REBEL WOUNDED LEFT AT MT. ZION CHURCH, AFTER THE BATTLE OP DECEMBER 28, 1861. W. C. McLean, arm broken; Wm. Phillips, shot through the stomach; Wm. Swader, Callaway County (since died), right breast ; Wm. T. Ives, Lincoln County, through groin ; Major Thomas Breckinridge, Warren County, right arm and left breast; John H. Jones, Warren County, thigh; Samuel Barnum, Lincoln County, left shoulder; F. J. Brougham, Callaway County, neck ; A. J, Parson, Montgomery County, left thigh ; Robert Snead, Lin- HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 415 coin County, both thighs; 0. King, Lincoln County, both thighs; W. H. Vaughn, Lincoln County, throat ; C. McDonald, St. Charles County, both thighs ; Abram Bramberger, Calla- way County, left breast; J. E. McConnell, Montgomery County, right thigh; L. Davis, Callaway County, right cheek and neck ; F. G. Henderson, St. Charles County, hand ; R. S. Montford, Callaway County, calf of leg; J. Crossman, Boone County, small of back; C. Quisenberry, Boone County, right breast; Kernan, St. Charles County, left hand and face ; John Bailey, Warren Country, thigh ; Capt. Myers, Warren County, side ; W. R. Smith. Pike Count}', left shoulder; Martin, Pike County, leg; Lawrence Jacobie, Pike County, hand. Four names not obtained, dangerouslj' wounded. THE CONFEDERATE ACCOUNT OF THE FIGHT. Neither Col. Dorsey nor any other confederate officer published an of- ficial account of the Mount Zion fight, otherwise it would be given here. But an intellio;ent o-entlenian, who was one of his command, and who was present during the engagement, informs us that on December 24, 1861, Col. Dorsey left Pike County, and on the 27th, at Grandview, in Boone County, which is near and west of the church, organized his forces, consisting of six companies, of about 350 men, not all armed. The officers in command were Col. Caleb Dorsey, Lieut. Col. Cole Kent, Maj. Thomas Breckinridge and E. W. Herndon, (now a citizen of Columbia), Surgeon. About 2 o'clock, p. m., of the 27th, this force took up the line of march, intending to camp at Mount Zion church. About a half a mile northeast of the church, the Federals came up and fired on their rear guard, wounding two of Dorsey's men, and then fell back. Dorsey pursued them, and three miles from the church overtook the retreat- ing force, and fired upon them. A ten minutes' skirmish ensued, in which one Federal was mortally wounded, and Capt. Howland (Fed- eral), was wounded in the thigh, and taken prisoner. Dorsej^'s sur- geon, Dr. Herndon, extracted the ball. None of Dorsey's men were killed or wounded. On the morning of the 28th, the engagement was renewed, the force under Dorsey being about 100 yards east of the church, in the brush and timber. The Federal charge upon them was with both infantry and cavalry, but was repulsed. They again charged, and were again repulsed, after which they made a third charge. The ammunition of Dorsey's command being exhausted, he determined to fall back to his wagons. The Federals advanced upon him, and took some ten pris- oners. They then marched on to the church, and seeing soldiers in the building, fired on it, whereupon two of the prisoners who were in the church, ran out and said : " There are no fighting men here ; this is a hospital ;" hearing which the Federal fire ceased. 416 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. Gen. Prentiss then gathered up his dead and wounded, pressed teams and wagons, and returned to Sturgeon, leaving the Confederate wounded on the field, whom Dr. Herndon distributed among the farm houses in the neighborhood. Dorsey's loss : 5 killed ; 35 wounded, and 10 prisoners. Prentiss' loss (estimated) : 30 killed ; 60 wounded, and 10 prisoners. The gentleman who makes this report to us, also desires it to be stated that Gen. Prentiss in every respect acted the gentleman and the soldier, in regard to the Confederate wounded, affording all the assistance in his power, and detailing a guard from his own command to keep soldiers out of the church. We learn from a different source that among Dorsey's wounded were Clifton Quisenberry, of Boone, Capt. Mj'ers, of Lincoln, a voung man by the name of Thurman, and a Mr. Swaydor, all of whom, except Capt. Myers, died — Swaydor at John Reed's, who lives near the church. One of the wounded also died at James Ful- kerson's. From another source, altogether authentic, it is learned that in the skirmish on the evening before the main fight at Mt. Zion, the fol- lowino- men of Co. A, 3d Cavalry, Missouri Volunteers, were taken prisoners by the Confederates, viz. : Capt. Jas. T. Rowland ; pri- vates Geo. Hipkins, Thos. J. Maggard, John W. Peak, A. J. Johnson, Wm. B. Hatten, W. J. Morton, A. J. Goodrich and Chas. Carna- han. Capt. Rowland was badly wounded in the leg; Carnahan was struck on the occipital bone; Goodrich was the soldier mortally wounded, who died the same night. A few days after the fight an arrangement was effected between Gen. Prentiss and Col. Dorsey, commanding the Federal and Confed- erate forces respectively, for an excha;ige of prisoners. Capt. Hen- derson represented the Confederates and Col. Glover the Federals, and the exchange was made at Sturgeon. The following are the names of the Federals exchanged : — Capt, J. T. Howland, Co. A, 3d Mo. Cavalry. Wm. Morton, Co. A, 3d Mo. Cavalry. Win. Hatten, " " " " Sergeant J. C. Miller, Co. C, 3d Mo. Cavalry. W. S. Grover, " " " " " Bugler Thos. Orton, " " " " «' Corporal Rhino, " " " '< " Private Frank Murray, " « « " " Sergeant Isaiah Null, Flagg's Regiment. Private Walter Scott, 81st Ohio Infantry. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 417 After leaving Mt. Zioii Church Col. Dorsey made his way west- ward into Perche township, and went into camp near Everett. Here he remained a day or two, when, pursuant to orders from Gen. Price, he ordered his command to " scatter," until such time as a concen- tration would be proper and could be effected. In February fol- lowing the major portion of the command crossed the Missouri and made its way to Price's army. " meerill's horse." 1862. One of the prominent incidents in the military history of Columbia, and of Boone County, was the advent into the former, on Thursday, January 2, 1862, of a large portion of the Second Cavalry regiment, Missouri Volunteers, known as "Merrill's Horse," and commanded by Col. Lewis Merrill, Lieut. -Col. Wm. F. Shaffer and Maj. John Y. Clopper. This force })itched their tents in the Uni- versity campus, made officers' quarters, and established a depository for Commissary's and Quartermaster's stores and a military prison, in the University. They garrisoned Columbia until about the 1st of July, when the headquarters of the regiment were moved to War- renton. Merrill's Horse came to be well known in Missouri. It fouo-ht in almost every quarter of the State, from Cherry Grove, in Scotland County, to Bloomfield, Stoddard County. It fought at Silver Creek, Pierce's Mills, Compton's Ferry, Kirksville, and other places in this State, and did much service in Arkansas. During the stay of this force in Columbia many citizens in various parts of the county were arrested, a few of them tried by court-mar- tial, some of them banished from the State, some of them condemned to death (but never shot) for bridge burning, recruiting within the Federal lines, violations of parole, etc., and several hundred of them required to give bond and take the following oath : — I, , of my own free will and accord, do solemnly swear before Almighty God, and in the presence of these witnesses, without any mental reservation and with full intent of mind and heart to keep the obligation, that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Federal Government of the United States, above all allegiance to any other State or government; that I will support and uphold the Constitution of the United States and the State of Missouri, and that I will neither encourage, aid nor assist, by word or deed, any who are now or who may hereafter be in rebellion against the Government of the United States as lawfully constituted, and that I will by all peaceful means in my power dis- courage and discountenance the present rebellion against the" said Government. So help me God. 27 4:18 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. UNION MILITARY DISPLAY A FEDERAL SOLDIER DISGRACED. On Monda}^ February 11, 1862, there was a very imposing military pageant in Columbia, attended l)y an unusual exhibition of the rigor of military discipline. On their march from Boonville to Danville, and en route for the field of battle in Tennessee, three infantry regiments under command of Col. Worthington, acting Brigadier-General, passed through Colum- bia and encamped near the farm of Dr. Jacobs, six miles east. The column consisted of the Fifth Iowa, Col. Worthington ; Forty-seventh Illinois, Col. Bryan, and an Ohio regiment under Col. Groesbeck, with a battery of six pieces under Captain Sharp, and about 130 wagons. The whole made an immense train. When the front of the column reached the brow of the hill west of town, a halt was ordered and Capt. Sharp discharged two of his pieces, waking up all the region round about, after which, with martial music by three bands, and the Stars and Stripes floating at the head of each regiment, the immense pageant marched through town. A few miles west of town, that morning, one of the soldiers, who was on horseback, while passing the residence of James Watson, dis- mounted from his lame and jaded charger, and without license, bridled and saddled and rode away a gelding of Mr. Watson's. No sooner was Col. Worthington advised of this fact than he ferreted out the offender, returned the horse to his owner, and secured the unfortunate man with a rope to the hind gate of one of the wagons, with a file of soldiers to guard );|im. ARRIVAL OF COL. ODON GUITAR IN COLUMBIA. Early in January, 1862, Odon Guitar, a distinguished lawyer and well-known Union man of Columbia, was authorized by Gov. Gamble to recruit a cavalry regiment of Missouri State militia — the Ninth. He entered upon the duty with alacrity, and it was not long before his eff'orts were crowned with success ; and his regiment, after being organized, attained no mean distinction for efficiency and courage in sustaining the flag under which they marched. On Tuesday, February 17, 1862, Col. Guitar arrived in Columbia with two companies of his regiment from Sturgeon, fully uniformed and equipped. Their entrance into Columbia was acccompanied by the waving of handkerchiefs and many other tokens of greeting from the citizens and by loud huzzas from the people and from Col. Mer- HISTORY or BOONE COUNTY. 41& rill's cavalry ; the latter was drawn up in front of the Statesman office to receive them. It was a soul-stirring ovation. These com- panies of Col. Guitar's regiment were composed principally of young^ and able-bodied men from Boone and Howard. The 22d ot February, 1862 was celebrated in the court house in Columbia, Maj. A. J. Harbison acting as president and L. M. Switz- ler as secretary. Prayer by Rev. Isaac Jones. Eeading of Wash- ington's farewell address by Dr. J. H. Lathrop. Short addresses by Col. Merrill and Capt. Howard. MILITARY SUPPRESSION OF THE COLUMBIA "STANDARD" NEWSPAPER. In March, 1862, a military commission convened at Columbia pur- suant to special orders No. 160, of February 20, 1862, from the Head- quarters of the Department of the Missouri, Col. Lewis Merrill, President, before which Edmund J. Ellis was arraigned and tried on various charges and specifications — substantially, that in the Columbia Standard, a newspaper of which he was editor and proprietor, he gave information for the beuefit of the enemy and encouraged resist- ance to the government and laws of the United States, and that in doing so he violated the laws of war. The commission found him guilty, and sentenced him to be placed and kept outside of the lines of the State of Missouri during the war, and that the press, types and other material of the Standard ofiice be confiscated and sold for the use of the United States. The finding and sentence were approved by Maj. Gen. Halleck, and by Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War, and were executed. The same military commission tried Wm. F. Petty, James Quisen- berry and James Lane, on the charge of railroad and bridge burning on the North Missouri Railroad, about December 21, 1861 ; found them guilty, and sentenced them to be " shot dead at such time and place as the Major General commanding the department shall direct." On recommendation of the commission Gen. Halleck commuted the sentence to taking the oath of allegiance, and giving bond in $2,000 each for future loyalty to the Government. Petty, himself, was finally released, and now lives in Texas. COLUMBIA TRUSTEES OUSTED. By a military order issued April 19,^1862, by Col. Merrill, AV. H. Tillery, W. B. Quisenberry, Thomas Selby, J. M. Samuel and W. H. 420 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. Duncan, Trustees ; John Lackland, Recorder, and W. H. Northcutt, Marshal of Columbia, were forbidden to exercise any of the func- tions of their offices, under penalty of being arrested and tried for military offence. FLAG PRESENTATION TO " MERRILL' S HORSE." On Monday, April 28, 1862, a flag was presented to the regiment of Col. Lewis Merrill (Merrill's Horse) by the loyal citizens of Co- lumbia and vicinity, as a testimonial of their high appreciation of their services. At the appointed hour the portion of the commands of Cols. Merrill and Guitar, then stationed in Columbia, formed as infantry in the University campus, and with banners flying and to the music of the cavalry bugle marched to the front of the court house, where the presentation was made. J. H. Waugh, T. B. Gentry, Dr. Paul Hubbard and W. B. Selby acted as a committee of arrange- ment. Col. Switzler presided, and prayer was offered by Rev. Dr. Landis, Chaplain of "Merrill's Horse." Dr. John H. Lathrop de- livered the presentation speech, to which Col. Merrill responded. DEATH OF LIEUT. THEODORE BROOKS. On Saturday night. May 3, 1862, Lieut. Theo. Brooks, of Capt. Cook's Company, Guitar's regiment, with twelve men, stopped tor the night at the house of John Long, four miles from Florida and eight miles from Paris, in Monroe County. Apprehending an attack during the night from about fifty armed Confederates, who were supposed to be in the vicinity, Lieut. Brooks posted sentinels at every available point. Between 12 and 1 o'clock about thirty shots were fired at the sentinel posted at the barn guarding the horses. The firing was heard at the house, and Lieut. Brooks proceeded immediately to the barn to learn the cause. As he was returning to the house he was mistaken by his own men for one of the enemy and one soldier, W.W. Conger, now of Centralia, after calling " halt," (which Lieut. Brooks did not hear) fired upon him, the ball breaking his right thigh and badly shattering the bone. He was the next day conveyed to Paris and accommodated with a room at the Glenn House, where he died on Tuesday night. His widow, who still resides at Ashland, has, ever since his death, regularly received a pension from the Government. A detachment of Capt. Cook's company escorted his remains to Salem -Church, in Boone County, where they were interred. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 421 COL. GUITAR AT JEFFERSON CITY. On May 6, 1862, Odon Guitar, having completed the organization of his regiment, was commissioned by Gov. Gamble as Colonel, and on May 31st Brig. Gen. James Totten issued an order forming a mili- tary sub-district with the following boundaries : "Northeast and south by the Missouri and Osage Elvers, and west by a line from Warsaw, throiigh Versailles to Mount Vernon, in Moniteau County, and that Col. Odon Guitar, commanding the Ninth Kegiment, M. S. M. Cavalry, will assume military control and surveillance of said district, keeping up a system of scouts throughout the same, so that at all times he may be perfectly informed of the whereabouts of guerrilla bands and other disloyal persons Avithin his command." Col. Guitar assumed com mand on June 2d, and as far as known this is the first time at which his regiment Avas all stationed at the same place. Col. Guitar's encampment at Jefterson City was called " Camp Totten," and on June 9th he issued General Orders No, 2, attested by Thomas Ward, post adjutant, in regard to the government of his officers and the dis- cipline and conduct of his men. JULY 4, 1862, IN COLUMBIA. The portion of " Merrill's Horse " stationed in Columbia, together with many citizens, celebrated the 86th anniversary of American In- dependence, by a national salute at day break, a cavalry dress parade on Broadway, the reading of the Declaration of Independence by Lieut. Lee S. Watson, followed by a speech by Capt. Wm. Barr. poindexter's raid. During the month of August, 1862, occurred what came to be known as " Poindexter's Raid." Col. J. A. Poindexter, of Randolph County, returned to Missouri from the Confederate army, in Arkan- sas, and recruited in this section of Missouri, a considerable force, estimated at from 1,000 to 1,500, and then sought to make his way back to Arkansas. He was pursued by Gen. Odon Guitar, and over- taken at Compton's Ferry, on the Grand River, Carroll County, and disastrously defeated, losing about thirty killed, a number of horses, arms, provisions, etc. Afterward he was again encountered by Gen. B. F. Loan, near Utica, in Livingston County, and turned south. Passing through the corner of Linn, and into Chariton County, he was again overtaken, at the crossing of Yellow Creek, by Gen. Guitar and his forces dispersed. 422 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. Poindexter's raid was a disastrous failure. His men rode for days without food or sleep, and were at last captured and defeated from sheer exhaustion. Guitar gave them no chance to halt and refresh themselves, and everywhere the militia were up and after them. Many of them were from Boone County, and a few returned home in safety, but many more were captured. The fight at Compton's Ferry occurred August 9 : that at Yellow Creek August 13. In both of these engagements portions of the Ninth M. S. M. were present and took a creditable part. A few days previously — that is to say, on July 28 — Gen. Guitar had fought and defeated a force of Confederates under Col. Jo. Porter, Third Missouri Cavalry, C. S. A., at Moore's Mills, Callaway County.^ Guitar had under him portions of companies A, B, G, and F, of the Ninth M. S. M. ; a part of Merrill's Horse, a battalion of the Third Iowa Cavalry, and a company of militia from Pike County. Following is a list of the killed and wounded in the companies of the Ninth M. S. M. : — Killed. — Kichard Baker, George Schultz. Wounded. — Bugler John G-allatly, in several places, dangerous (the report that he was killed is untrue); H. Shrader, in head, severe; P. Knitzer, in head, severe; L. Snowden, mortally; J. Tudor, in leg, severe; W. A. Mason, in hip and hand, severe; H. Shultz, in thigh, slight; Fleming, in arm, severe; E. H. Breese, in head, slight; M. Dalton, in elbow, slight; E. C. Music. The total Federal loss at Moore's Mill was about sixteen killed and fifty wounded. The Confederate loss was about the same. Boone County men participated in this fight on both sides. Among the Confederate killed were D. P. Brown and Henry Pigg, both of this county; wounded, Wm. T. Tolston, John McKinzie, John Bergen, and John Jeffries. August 6, Gen. John McNeil defeated Col. Porter at Kirksville, the Ninth M. S. M. performing much valuable service for the Federals. The Boone County companies, under Capts. Garth and Cook, were especially mentioned in the official reports for gallant action. THE GUERRILLAS VISIT COLUMBIA AND RELEASE THE PRISONERS IN JAIL THEY CALL FOR COL. SWITZLER AND GO TO THE "STATES- MAN" OFFICE TO DESTROY IT THEY CAPTURE ABOUT 80 FEDERAL HORSES. On Tuesday, August 13, 1862, about 200 guerrillas under com- mand of Capt. Young Purcell, of Audrain, and Lieutenant John Brown, ^ A full account of this engagement and of the Compton's Ferry fight were prepared for publication, but omitted for want of room. — Publishers. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY, 423 f of Boone, made a sudden dash into Columbia from the north, by the Centralia road. Their presence in different portions of it was so sud- den and unexpected, that it was witli difficulty that many of the Federal soldiers, who were leisurely walking around and sitting be- neath the trees, made their way past them to their encampment in the campus of the University. The guerrilla advance guard was the first to enter, which im- mediately picketed the principal cross streets and all the roads leading out of town, allowing no one to pass in or out. This guard was shortly followed by about 70 more who scattered in the streets north of Broadway, leaving a large number in the suburbs behind. After going through with these preliminaries, they proceeded to the jail, demanded the keys of the jailer, who surrendered them, and released the three confederate prisoners therein confined — Wm. R. Jackson of Audrain, Wm. Rowland, and Amos Marney, Jr., both of this county, the latter a cousin to the confederate Captain Purcell. The release of these men appeared to be the principal object of their visit to Columbia, for shortly after this was accomplished they evacu- ated the town creating no further disturbance. * But while this was going on, squads of them, some intoxicated, were ranging up and down the streets swearing and hallooing at a ter- rible rate. A party of them halted in front of the Statesman office and inquired for Colonel Switzler, but were informed that he was ab- sent, he having left early on the previous evening for St. Louis via Jefierson City. They then swore with a vengeance that they had come to demolish the office, and were about proceeding to the work when the interference of Lieut. Brown and some of the cftizens. Southern men, prevented it. It was with reluctance that they could give up this long and dearly cherished design. Happily, however, they in- jured nothing. One of them ordered down the Union flag floating in front of Redmond's daguerrean gallery and trailed it in the dust as he rode through the streets singing songs and shouting for Jeff. Davis. Such conduct as this characterized many of them whilst in town, but the body of them were more civil and more disposed to be quiet. The pickets kept up a continual firing, the Federals returning it when they could, from behind houses and fences, but no one was in- jured, though several citizens narrowly escaped. Whilst these things were going on in town a party of the invaders 424 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. went to a pasture belonging to Maj. Wm. S- Cave, one mile north of town and captured 81 head of government horses — the farm now owned by Col, E. C. More. The horses were grazing in the pasture, and were guarded by four men, all of whom escaped except one — Daniel W. Rogers — who, it is supposed, was wounded as he was taken pris- oner. They also took a horse from Mr. Jere Orear, a citizen of Colum- bia. The government horses taken were very inferior animals, some of them scarcely worth driving away. Out of the whole number, they got only about twenty fit for service of any kind. About 15 were afterwards recovered. About 5 o'clock they left town by the Mexico road, and camped that night on the farm of John Read, near Mt. Zion Church. MILITARY SECRETARY IN ARKANSAS. In August, 1862, Hon. John S. Phelps, of Springfield was ap- pointed by the Secretary of War, Military Governor of Arkansas, who appointed W. F. Switzler, Military Secretary of that State, with the rank, pay and emoluments of a major of cavalry. Amos Eno, of New York City was appointed adjutant. They immediately took up their headquarters in Helena, Ark., then garrisoned by Maj. Gen. S. B. Curtis, with 25,000 soldiers. Col. Switzler, in October follow-* ing, resigned and came home. BURNING OF MOUNT ZION CHURCH. On Sunday, September 22, 1862, a detachment of an Iowa regi- ment stationed at Mexico, and at the time in command of a Lieutenant by the name of Hartman, appeared at Mount Zion Church, about 12 miles northeast of Columbia, and burned it to the ground. They also burned the dwellings and barns of Robert H. Gay, and Elijah Cris- man, in the same neighborhood. It is not known that they were ever arrested and punished for these outrages. In August, 1862, Col. Guitar, 9th Cavalry, M. S. M., was promoted by Gov. Gamble, to be Brigadier General in the enrolled militia, for gallant and meritorious services recently rendered, and was ordered to make his headquarters in Columbia, where he issued an order that all persons subject to military duty, residing in the county, report themselves at his headquarters (the president's house at the Univer- sity), for enrollment on or before September 25th. John Corbit, enrolling officer. Under this order about 2,100 citizens were enrolled. HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 425 FLAG PRESENTATIONS. On Thursday morning, the 30th of October, 1862, a rich and beau- tiful silk flag, on behalf of the Union ladies of Columbia and vicinity, was presented to the command of Gen. Guitar, the Ninth Cavalry, M. S. M., Hon. J. S. Rollins making the presentation speech, and Gen. Guitar responding. On the same occasion, R. L. Todd, Esq., presented a beautiful banner to Company B, Captain Garth respond- ing. Still another banner, no less beautiful and appropriate than the others, was presented by Hon. J. S. Rollins to the Ninth Cavalry, accompanied with an appropriate address from Maj. Rollins, and a stirring response from Gen. Guitar. The scene of the presentations was in front of the court house, the troops being drawn up conven- iently and appropriately, in columns, and the speakers standing on the steps of the portico. At the battle at Lone Jack, in Jackson Couuty, Missouri, Capt. J. B. Watson and W. T. Parker, of this county, were killed. Capt. W. was shot in the head. Mr. Parker was a son of Gabriel Parker, of this county. NEW ORDER COL. GUITAR. General Merrill, at his own request, having been relieved of the command of the Enrolled Militia of this (9th) Military District. Gen. Guitar was appointed to the command, with headquarters at Columbia. The District was composed of the counties of Boone, Randolph, Howard, Monroe, Audrain, Callaway, Ralls, Pike, Mont- gomery, Warren and St. Charles. Maj. Luther T. Hayman was ap- pointed Asst. Adjt. General of the District. Lt. W. B. Kemper Avas promoted to Brigade Quartermaster, of this District, with the rank of Major. SWORD PEESENTED TO COL. GUITAR. On Saturday night, November 29, 1862, at the military headquar- ters in Columbia (the president's house in the University campus), the ceremonies attending the presentation of a magnificent sword to Gen. Guitar occurred, as a token of esteem and regard on the part of his Union friends in Boone County. The sword was manufactured in Philadelphia, at a cost of about $150, and is a superb piece of work- manship. The scabbard is plain, 'but highly polished, and exhibits a richly golden color. Near the top of it, next to the hilt, is engraved in silver the portrait of Washington. On the other side are engraved 426 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. the words: ^^ Presented to Brig. Gen. 0. Guitar by his Union J'riends of Boone County for his gallant and meritorious conduct at Moore's Mill, Little Comptonand Yellow Creeh." The hilt is of solid silver, with golden guard, and bears the engrav- ing of an eagle in combat with a serpent. The end of the hilt is sur- mounted with a golden eagle. The blade is executed of the finest steel, highly polished. On it, in beautiful colors, is engraved the goddess of liberty, with the letters " U. S." E.. L. Todd made the presentation speech to which Gen. Guitar responded. Orders were issued December 16, 1