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HOME 
 
 Treatment for Children 
 
 WITH 
 
 Lessons on Moral Training. 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 Valuable Homoeopathic Remedies for Diseases, Accidents. Etc., to 
 
 which Infants and Children are Subject, with Full Directions to 
 
 Nurses for the Care of the Sick, Diet, Etc., Etc. 
 
 REVISED BY 
 
 S. P. HEDGES, M. D. 
 
 Formerly Professor of Anatomy, Hahnemann Medical College; Chicago, a 
 Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine in Chicago Homoeopathic 
 College; also Physician in Chief to the Chicago Nursery and 
 Half Orphan Asylum for the last twelve years. 
 
 CHICAGO. 
 BLAKELY, MARSH & CO., Printers, ifiS «Sr 157 DEARBORN S». 
 
?K 5 
 
 COPYRIGHTED 1881, BY M. W. TRIPPJB. 
 
GREETING TO MOTHERS. 
 
 Mothers, here and everywhere ! We cordially offer to 
 you in this volume the ounce of prevention which will 
 save the pound of cure. Its every page and line is 
 backed by the best and latest medical authorities. It is 
 intended as a guide in the care of infants and children, 
 and the treatment of their diseases. Medical science is 
 constantly changing, old remedies are giving place to 
 new. Our seasons are undergoing a continuous change, 
 and as a natural consequence, new diseases appear, while 
 the old assume different types. It is not therefore safe 
 to rely too implicitly on old, unrevised medical works, 
 in so important a matter as restoring the equilibrium 
 of health. " It is the stitch in time that saves nine," 
 the timely remedy, that prevents the fatal disease. We 
 therefore strongly urge you to at least become familiar 
 with those infantile or other diseases that make most 
 rapid headway, so that in case of a sudden emergency, 
 or the unavoidable delay in obtaining a physician, you 
 can yourself act temporarily. These pages are prepared 
 expressly to aid you in this direction. They are also 
 no less a guide in the wide domain of moral training 
 during that most susceptible period of human life — in- 
 fancy and childhood — when the mental nature is as 
 indelibly stamped as the physical, with health or disease 
 
MANAGEMENT OF INFANTS. 
 
 The newly-born infant (after breathing has been fully 
 established, and the navel cord tied) should be washed 
 without delay in warm water — neither too hot nor too 
 cold. An abundance of soft linen towels ( old linen 
 is the best ), soft sponges, and fine soap (white Castile 
 is preferable) should be provided. Sometimes the pecu- 
 liar substance with which the child is covered, cannot 
 be removed merely by soap-water; in these cases the 
 parts may be smeared with fresh lard, butter, or the yolk 
 of an egg, and then washed off. The face should be 
 washed first, and with a different sponge from the rest 
 of the body, and great care taken to prevent any of the 
 soap from getting into the eyes. "By failing to observe 
 these simple directions, an ophthalmia of an exceedingly 
 painful character is often induced." Do not expose 
 the entire body at once to the air when it is covered 
 with soap and water, thus subjecting it to chilliness. 
 
 Cut the string that ties the navel cord, so that the 
 ends are only about an inch long. Then wind a strip 
 of old, soft linen (one-half inch wide and six inches long) 
 around the cord until it is completely covered, keeping 
 it in place by a piece of thread. The belly-band of 
 fine, soft, firm flannel (four inches in width and eigh- 
 
6 MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 
 
 teen inches long) should be placed over this. Secure it 
 with small safety pins. Do not make it tight, but just 
 tight enough to hold the navel cord in place. The 
 11 burnt rag" sometimes used over the cord, is useless. 
 It should be allowed to decay and drop off without 
 assistance. It is a great mistake to suppose that the 
 infant should be bandaged tightly about its lungs and 
 bowels. The lungs are congested at birth, and need 
 all the expansion they can get. The bowels should be 
 left entirely free, for the same reason, since the breath- 
 ing power comes largely from the abdominal muscles. 
 If you would have a healthy child let the .dress be free 
 or loose, from the shoulders down. Do not pin the 
 diaper too tightly about the waist, nor in such a manner 
 as to spread the legs apart unnaturally. It weakens 
 the hips, and often produces deformity in walking. 
 
 After it is dressed wrap it warmly in a soft flannel 
 blanket, and lay it in a quiet place for rest. A pillow 
 makes a good bed. It will probably sleep for several 
 hours. Do not try to feed it or dose it with soothing 
 syrup or oil. After the fatigue of birth, its first need 
 is rest. But if it cries, and cannot be pacified any 
 other way, it maybe given the mother's breast. It will 
 not get much, but this first fluid has a cathartic effect, 
 and is very desirable on that account to remove from 
 the bowels their ante-natal secretions. Sometimes there 
 is no fluid at all in the mother's breasts for two or three 
 
MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 7 
 
 days. In such cases ' ' nurses are lewitched to give the 
 child a teaspoonful of molasses and water or some nause- 
 ous dose to move the bowels," but no medicine is needed. 
 A little sweetened water, or milk and water — a few 
 drops at a time — may be given. The nurse you employ 
 during confinement should be made thoroughly ac- 
 quainted beforehand with your instructions regarding 
 the infant, and should be pledged to their faithful per- 
 formance. Above all things, warn her against dosing 
 the child with medicine. Make her understand that it 
 is not medicine the child needs — but nature, and the 
 carrying out of natural laws. Instil into her mind the 
 fact that she is acting under orders — that she is employed 
 to carry out the physician's instructions, and not to set 
 up a reign of her own whimsical notions concerning the 
 care of newly-born children. It is most important to 
 both mother and child that she is in every way reliable. 
 If she belongs to the class who traffic in family secrets, 
 retailing them from patron to patron, she is not qualified 
 for her responsible position, and should not be employed. 
 She should not belong to the class who remorselessly 
 trot a child up and down on the knee under pretence 
 of soothing it, or cannot be content to let the infant 
 rest undisturbed, after its wants are attended to. A 
 fidgety nurse will be quite certain to produce restless- 
 ness in the infant. Dr. Guernsey writes that "after 
 taking its food, the child naturally in the earlier periods 
 
MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 
 
 of its life feels an inclination to sleep. In this it should 
 be indulged, for if tossed about and purposely kept 
 awake, it will almost surely suffer from indigestion. I 
 have often seen the nurse, after having fed the child, place 
 it on her knees and trot it with an energy as if its life 
 depended upon having the contents of its stomach well 
 churned, and have heartily wished, that immediately 
 after dinner she could be placed on some machine, where 
 she might receive a practical lesson in the beauties of 
 trotting." 
 
 As soon as the flow of the mother's milk is regulated, 
 the child will require no other food. The supply of breast 
 milk usually comes on the third day. In the meantime 
 a good substitute for mother's milk is prepared by ad- 
 ding one part of fresh cream to ten of water, with a 
 teaspoon of loaf sugar to every gill. The water should 
 be heated, and poured on the milk or cream. Its tem- 
 perature should be that of warm milk, or mother's milk, 
 and always the same, at 96° or 98°, and it should be 
 freshly prepared every time it is required for use. 
 Small thermometers are almost indispensable for this 
 purpose. Put the infant to the breast before it is fed, 
 in order to hasten the coming of the milk. Do not 
 feed it more than a gill at a time. The stomach of an 
 infant is not a large affair — holding a little more than a 
 tablespoonful — and yet mothers and nurses are afflicted 
 with a mania for overfeeding and crowding that delicate 
 
MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 9 
 
 stomach, to the derangement of the whole system. 
 Never attempt to soothe the crying of a child with the 
 breast, unless you wish to inflict on it much suffering. 
 Crying does not always arise from hunger ; indeed, it is 
 frequently caused by an overloaded stomach ; and to 
 put the bottle or breast to an infant's lips under such 
 circumstances, only aggravates the distress. We can- 
 not urge too strongly an avoidance of all such mistaken 
 kindness. It is far more injurious to attempt over-feed- 
 ing when the stomach is already congested from full- 
 ness in cases where resort is had to artificial diet, than 
 where breast milk alone is used. It is like adding fuel 
 to the flame. Many a little one is sent to the other 
 world through this culpable ignorance on the part of 
 those who have them in charge. Cases of chronic dys- 
 pepsia appearing in after years, have often been traced 
 to this cause. 
 
 It is injurious to feed an infant and then put it to 
 sleep, immediately after a hard fit of crying. The brain 
 is excited, and when food is taken under that condition, 
 followed by sleep, congestion is likely to occur. The 
 child should be soothed and rested until the excitement 
 subsides, and then only a portion of the regular amount 
 of food be given. After ten or fifteen minutes he can 
 be put to sleep with more refreshing results. 
 
 The rule for nursing, from the time of birth for the 
 first six weeks, is at intervals of two hours during the 
 
10 MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 
 
 day, and four hours during the night. Dr. Shipman, of 
 the Chicago Foundling's Home, recommends no nurs- 
 ing during the night. Others limit the time to the 
 hours between nine or eleven o'clock at night, to four or 
 six o'clock in the morning. It is very certain that fre- 
 quent nursing through the night is an injury to both 
 the child and the mother. After the first six weeks, 
 the day interval for nursing should be lengthened to 
 three hours. If these periods, after being once estab- 
 lished, are strictly observed, the annoyance caused by 
 the child's crying for the breast, will be avoided. 
 
 Infants frequently cry for a spoonful or two of cool 
 (not cold) water, while the attendant persists in giving 
 warm milk or medicine. When the child cries inces- 
 santly for food and yet is never appeased, it indicates — 
 not hunger — but an irritated stomach. If indigestion 
 is the cause, this can readily be learned from the char- 
 acter of its passages, which are like curds or chopped 
 eggs. In any event, rest for the over-crowded stomach 
 is demanded. If a spoonful or two of cool water in a 
 clean feeding bottle be given the child in answer to its 
 cries, it will be found both grateful and helpful, — tend- 
 ing to allay irritation and heat. 
 
 On the other hand, mothers often make the mistake 
 of supposing that the child is fed if it has been put to 
 the breast with proper regularity; until, through the suf- 
 fering of the infant it is discovered that the milk is too 
 
MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 11 
 
 poor in quality, or that there is too small a supply to 
 afford the needed nourishment. Watch the infant to 
 see if it swallows ; frequently they tug at the breast 
 for half an hour and stop from fatigue, the mother sup- 
 posing it is satisfied. When an infant keeps the lips 
 moving as though tasting something, and wastes away 
 through inanition, it is produced by a lack of proper as- 
 similation. This, if not soon remedied, will run into 
 that fatal disease, marasmus, which is a wasting of the 
 tissues. 
 
 When a change is made to other milk, it should not 
 be too rich at first, i. e., too large a proportion of milk to 
 the water, but very gradually increased, as the child is 
 found to thrive. 
 
 Though not generally recommended, we have known 
 of cases where pepsin, without acid, has been success- 
 fully administered for indigestion when the child was 
 a few months old. A quantity about as large as two 
 grains of wheat, is put into an ordinary feeding bottle. 
 A half-teaspoonful of limewater, added to cow's milk, 
 sometimes regulates digestion. Artificial foods ( except 
 cows' milk ) should only be tried as a last resort. 
 
 The mouth of the infant should be washed with cool 
 ( not cold ) water, every time after feeding. It prevents 
 the Thrush. Do this with a thin, soft bit of muslin, 
 wrapped loosely around the finger — an old handkerchief 
 is good. Should there appear on the roof of the mouth, 
 
12 MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 
 
 or tongue, a white lining, put into the water a very lit- 
 tle borax and honey, or sugar, to remove the unpleas- 
 ant taste. 
 
 The Bath. 
 
 Give the child a warm bath — about blood heat — every 
 morning, and follow this by rubbing the body all over 
 with the hand. If the child is too delicate to submit to 
 bathing every morning, lengthen the period to every 
 alternate morning. The use of soap, except upon those 
 portions of the body where it is positively needed, is 
 not recommended. Its alkali, if in excess, will make 
 the skin dry and rough. The addition of a tablespoon- 
 ful or two of rock salt to the water is beneficial if the 
 child is sickly, but when it is strong and robust, this is 
 not needed. Wrap the child in a soft, warm blanket, 
 as it comes dripping from the bath, to avoid taking cold, 
 and only expose that portion of the body which is being 
 wiped dry with soft, thick towels. If a bath of the 
 above description cannot be taken, a sponge bath may 
 be substituted. Cold-water baths are apt to shock the 
 system too much to be of benefit. The infant should 
 nurse after, not before bathing. After the bath use 
 Lubin's baby powder freely, applying it with a puff of 
 swan's down; but in the creases of flesh — especially with 
 fleshy infants — make the application with the finger. 
 One day's neglect of these little matters often causes 
 
MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 13 
 
 serious trouble. Sometimes from too frequent urinating, 
 the parts become chafed, and in that event, dispense 
 with the powder and rub gently with the fingers, browned 
 flour over the chafed parts. If, however, as is often 
 the case, the parts look red and inflamed, bathe them in 
 sweet cream, or even milk; it is cooling, and draws out 
 the heat. Occasionally, wash off the cream with tepid 
 water, dry with soft towel, and rub on the browned 
 flour. 
 
 Great care should be exercised in handling young 
 infants to prevent the tender body from becoming crooked 
 in any manner. It is not well to lean the child forward 
 with one hand pressing against the delicate lungs, or to 
 hold it in the lap in a bent position. When the infant 
 is taken up let it lie out straight in the arms, or be care- 
 fully supported against the person. In any case, do , 
 not keep it too long a time in one position. There is 
 great danger of curvature of the spine or some deformity 
 resulting from undue pressure on the lungs, or from 
 allowing too much drooping of the head and neck. A 
 newly-born baby is the most delicate of all mechanisms, 
 and should be treated with corresponding care . Lying 
 flat on the bed is recommended instead of too much car- 
 rying in the arms, or too much nursing in the lap. It 
 will thus learn sooner to kick about with legs and arms, 
 and obtain the exercise needful to its growth. It can 
 be gradually accustomed to lying on the floor (when 
 
14 MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 
 
 protection can be had from cold currents), and thus 
 learn to roll and creep after its playthings. 
 
 Sleeping Arrangements. 
 
 As authorities disagree on the subject of whether an 
 infant should or should not sleep with its mother, we 
 will present both sides of the question. There are 
 many things to be considered, and the matter must 
 largely be referred to personal judgment. 
 
 Some authorities maintain that the infant has not 
 vitality enough to keep itself warm apart from the 
 mother, while others are of the opinion that very few 
 mothers can endure the drain upon their strength of 
 allowing an infant to lie upon the arm, or close by the 
 side during the night. The child thrives better, they 
 contend, to sleep alone, tucked snugly in its crib. In 
 either case, there are some hints to be given, which ap- 
 peal to common sense in the matter. Never cover an 
 infant with too much weight of bedclothes. The cov- 
 ering should be proportioned to the season, of course, 
 but it should always be light as well as warm. Never 
 permit an infant to breathe the impure air inside the 
 bedclothes where the bodily exhalations are constantly 
 escaping. Arrange the covering carefully about the 
 neck and shoulders so that the lungs may breathe only 
 the pure outside air. The old-fashioned, solid-topped 
 cradle is to be avoided on account of shutting off the 
 
MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 15 
 
 free currents of air so necessary to breathe during 
 sleep. 
 
 The Bed. 
 
 Whatever is used for the bed, make it high enough to 
 be beyond reach from the cold currents blowing on the 
 floor. It is an excellent plan in putting the infant to 
 rest at night, to loosen all its clothes, and bands, and 
 gently rub its back, stomach, and limbs, especially its 
 back. This takes out the tired feeling, refreshes, and 
 starts the circulation, and if it is not in pain, insures it 
 a good night's sleep. The omission of this simple 
 duty explains why so many babies are never quieted 
 until they are taken up in the night and walked with. 
 
 The Wet Nurse. 
 
 If from any cause the mother cannot nurse her child, 
 a healthy wet nurse is the best substitute. The per- 
 centage of mortality among infants who are brought up 
 on breast milk is much less than in the use of artificial 
 foods. If it becomes indispensable to have a wet nurse, 
 the greatest care should be exercised in the selection. 
 Her health, her temperament, her habits and moral 
 character, should all be taken into consideration ; for 
 every particular regarding her has its influence on the 
 child she nurses. Stimulants of all kinds are extremely 
 injurious. The age of the breast milk should be about 
 the same as that of the mother, as the milk undergoes 
 
16 MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 
 
 constant change from the child's birth to the close of 
 the nursing period. If a choice is to be made between 
 a nurse whose child is living and one who has lost her 
 infant, take the latter, — other things being equal. The 
 danger of deserting her charge, should anything befall 
 her own child, is thus avoided, and she will be more 
 apt to give her undivided attention to the nursling. 
 
 Her age should not be under twenty, nor over twenty- 
 eight ; the richest milk is yielded during this period. 
 
 One with brown or black hair is preferable to a light 
 or red-haired woman — the light hair taking precedence 
 of the red. The milk of the light or auburn-haired 
 woman, though more abundant, is not so rich in qual- 
 ity as that of her darker-haired sisters ; consequently 
 does not furnish so much nourishment. Red-haired 
 women are to be avoided, on account of their temper. 
 The diet of the nurse should be directed by the mother ; 
 but beer or other malted diinks are to be shunned. 
 
 Above all things, see that the nurse you employ, 
 during confinement or afterward, does not secretly ad- 
 minister sleeping potions in the shape of cordials, 
 soothing syrups, etc. They are especially to be con- 
 demned. They contain opium to a greater or less ex- 
 tent, and fatally injure the health when they fall short 
 of inflicting mortality. This practice is a vice which — 
 strange as the statement may seem— is in vogue among 
 nine nurses out of ten. 
 
MANAGEMENT OP CHILDREN. 1? 
 
 When the nurse takes the baby out for an airing in 
 its carriage, can she be trusted to choose healthful local- 
 ities, or does she visit some alley to see her friends, and 
 thus bring the infant in contact with impure atmos- 
 pheres which cause sickness? ^ 
 
 Do not veil the child too closely from the air, and thus 
 cause it to breathe over again its own exhalations. The 
 veil should always be thin, and loosely adjusted. Of 
 course, in warm weather, none is required. Do not 
 use green mosquito netting over carriages or cribs. It 
 is colored with arsenic, and you thereby subject your 
 child to the contagion of poisoned air. 
 
 Pure Air— Sunlight. 
 
 Dr. Hunt, a prominent physician of New York, after an 
 experience among hospitals and in a large city practice, 
 said that if three requirements of health could be faith- 
 fully observed, no one would ever need to take medicine. 
 
 These three essentials were: 
 
 Plenty of sunlight, 
 
 Plenty of out-door air, and 
 
 Plenty of cleanliness — or proper bathing. 
 
 If this trinity principle of bodily wealth, which is 
 health, could be put into golden text on every brain, 
 the world would be speedily revolutionized. 
 
 Keep your dwelling house constantly supplied with 
 
18 MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 
 
 fresh air. , Wage active war on bad odors, and confined 
 rooms without ventilation. Dread them as you would 
 a death trap, — for the death that lurks in them is a far 
 more dangerous foe than any open danger. Never sleep 
 in a small, close bedroom. During sleep, the body is 
 in a negative, receptive condition, and absorbs poisoned 
 atmospheres more readily and in larger quantities than 
 during the waking hours, when all its faculties are alert. 
 Perfect ventilation in the sleeping apartment is an ab- 
 solute necessity of health. Growing children and those 
 suffering from illness are more sensitive to these condi- 
 tions than many others, and hence, if the mother's love 
 for her child is practical instead of merely theoretical, 
 she will secure for it the conditions of health. 
 
 One of the most important needs of life at all times — 
 in health or disease — is a constant supply of fresh air 
 during sleep. The common objection against " night 
 air " is answered by the fact that no other air has yet 
 been discovered to exist at night, except "night air." 
 It is wise therefore to inhale it in its purity rather than 
 loaded with impurities. Many an ailment has been 
 cured by no other remedy than a " change of air." 
 Many an infant sufferer has been called back to life 
 from the ravages of cholera infantum or other ills, by 
 taking it out on the lake, muffled up warmly to ward off 
 cold, but freely exposed to the currents of pure and 
 bracing air from the uncontaminated waters. 
 
MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 19 
 
 In a close bedroom, sleep is heavy, and the sleeper 
 awakes in the morning unrefreshed. The windows in 
 the sleeping apartments should be so arranged during 
 the entire year as to produce an outward and inward 
 current, thus evacuating the impure, and supplying the 
 pure air. This can be done by lowering the upper sash 
 and raising the lower. The two air currents are essential 
 to ventilation, and ventilation in a sleeping-room is as 
 necessary to keep children well as to provide them with 
 their daily bread. 
 
 The chemistry of sunlight is also an important factor 
 in the laws of life. When epidemics prevail, the shady 
 side of the street suffers more than the sunny side. In 
 the St. Petersburg hospitals the percentage of cure in 
 well-lighted rooms was discovered to be four times 
 greater than in dark, unventilated apartments. Among 
 those Alpine valleys where the direct rays of the sun do 
 not penetrate, "cretonism or a state of idiocy," accom- 
 panied with large goitre, prevails. "Rickets, deformi- 
 ties, crookedness and swelling of the bones, are common 
 among children who are kept in dark alleys, cellar^!, 
 factories, and mines." The tadpole cannot develop into 
 a frog in the dark, nor propagate its species. 
 
 Flowers droop deprived of sunlight, and human 
 flowers are no less sensitive. 
 
 Never exclude the light from a sick room. 
 
 When the weather permits, infants and children 
 
20 MANAGEMENT OP CHILDREN. 
 
 should be kept in the open air and sunlight as much as 
 possible. Of course, during the extreme heat of the 
 season it is necessary to be shielded somewhat from the 
 too direct rays of the sun. The shade of a tree is some- 
 times all that is necessary. 
 
 The established rule should be to take the infant out 
 every pleasant day during the entire year. In winter 
 the chosen hour should be mid-day; in summer, the 
 morning is the best time for an airing. 
 
 Artificial Feeding- 
 
 In case the bottle must be substituted for the breast, 
 as often happens, the greatest care must be exercised. 
 
 Cow's milk with enough boiling water added to bring 
 it to blood heat, and the addition of a little sugar, is very ' 
 generally conceded to be the best artificial food. If this 
 disagrees with the stomach, the following preparation is 
 advised:— Boil an ounce of sugar of milk in three gills 
 of water for a few minutes, and add to it three gills of 
 milk. The food prepared from grated carrot ( see arti- 
 cle on Atrophy ) has been the salvation of many infant 
 lives. But cow's milk is the best substitute for human 
 milk, and it is sometimes an advantage to mingle the 
 milk of several cows, instead of using that from one only. 
 The morning's milking has less fat and casein than that 
 obtained at night, and is therefore the best. Beware of 
 too great a dilution of the milk, thus robbing the child 
 
MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 21 
 
 of its nutriment. One-fourtli water, or at the most one- 
 third, is all that is admissible, and this must be discon- 
 tinued in a few months. If the child is brought up on 
 cow's milk, it requires no other food, until at least a 
 few teeth have made their appearance ; usually from the 
 sixth to the ninth month. The use of ; ' sugar-teats " is 
 very injurious. They produce inflammatory action, and 
 interfere with digestion. 
 
 When it is desirable to render cow's milk more diges- 
 tible, to suit the stomach of the infant, half a teaspoon- 
 ful of powdered gum Arabic to a cup of milk, or the 
 same quantity of limewater, is advised. The indiges- 
 tion, of course, can be determined from the character of 
 the stools, which are unchanged curds, or ' ' chopped 
 stools." 
 
 Avoid the use of starchy foods. Starch must be 
 mixed with the saliva before it can be digested. But 
 the saliva of the infant dribbles away, and it has 
 no teeth to use in the mixing process ; therefore the 
 mass remains undigested. "It is easy to understand 
 then, how boiled rice, gruel, arrowroot, baked flour, 
 rice or other starch foods, scraping and scratching along 
 the delicate, sensitive bowels, might readily produce 
 all the ills to which infantile fksh is heir." 
 
22 MANAGEMENT OP CHILDREN. 
 
 The following table shows the difference between 
 human milk and cow's milk : — 
 
 HUMAN. COW. GOAT. 
 
 PROPERTIES. 
 
 Casein (cheese) M5 *•« 4.02 
 
 Butter 5.20 3.13 3.33 
 
 Sn „ ar 634 4.77 5.28 
 
 Safine Matters 0.45 0.60 0.58 
 
 Water *f*_ ^_ , 868 ° 
 
 100.00 100.00 100.00 
 
 The conclusion to be drawn from this comparison is 
 that the more closely we can imitate human milk, in artifi- 
 cial feeding,for the newly-born infant, the less disturbance 
 is likely to take place in the delicate digestive organs. 
 Cream, slightly sweetened, and reduced to the thinness 
 of human milk by a sufficient quantity of warm water, 
 makes a successful imitation, and one that experience 
 has proven is most apt to agree with the infant. As 
 the cream consists mainly of the fatty portions of the 
 milk, this mixture lessens the casein (which is the indi- 
 gestible portion), and increases the nutritive or butter 
 properties. 
 
 If cream can not always be obtained, the top of the 
 milk should be used. It should be freshly prepared 
 every time it is needed, adding the warm water to 
 make it of the proper warmth, instead of heating the 
 mixture afterward. 
 
 One part of milk, two of water, sweetened by a tea- 
 spoonful of sugar to a gill, is about the proper proportion 
 
MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 23 
 
 to be used at first. Or, four spoonsful of boiling water 
 poured upon one of sweet cream, adding a very little 
 loaf sugar. The quantity of milk should be gradually 
 increased as the infant is found to thrive. After the 
 sixth or eighth week the following mode of preparing the 
 food is recommended: — Teaspoonful of sugar of milk 
 boiled for fifteen minutes in half a tea-cupful of water, 
 after which add tea-cupful of fresh milk. It should be 
 used at once. A glass fruit jar is the best receptacle 
 for milk. For the first three weeks the quantity re- 
 quired at each meal will be six or eight tablespoonsful ; 
 after that it should be gradually increased. At four 
 months, or about that period, the water should only 
 constitute one-third of the food given, and from that 
 time forward the proportion of milk should be grad- 
 ually increased, until no dilution is necessary. After 
 five months, the broth from animal food may be given 
 once a day in very small quantities. 
 
 When the milk is rejected some of the infants' foods 
 now on the market have been found to answer ; or a 
 little of Cox's gelatine dissolved in four ounces of water 
 and milk, or a teaspoon of cooked corn-starch or arrow- 
 root dissolved in milk and water instead of the gelatine, 
 will render it digestible. 
 
 Dr. Duncan recommends an egg drink during teeth- 
 ing, which consists of six ounces of boiling water cooled 
 to blood heat, into which is stirred the white of an egg 
 
24 MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 
 
 and a little salt. Later, as the doses are increased, the 
 yolk of the egg is also added. 
 
 In case of great delicacy of constitution in the child, 
 the mixture recommended elsewhere in these pages 
 (one part of rich cream to ten of water and teaspoon of 
 sugar to every gill) can be used. 
 
 The feeding bottle should be thoroughly cleansed 
 every time after being used. If there is the least ten- 
 dency to a tainted or sour smell, it should be soaked in 
 soda water. A sweet feeding bottle is of great impor- 
 tance. Have a second one ready if necessary, and keep 
 the one last used, including the tube of course, soaked 
 in soda water until needed. Be sure to rinse in fresh 
 water before using it. 
 
 The following diet from six to twelve months has 
 been recommended by excellent authority : — At seven 
 o'clock a coffee-cupful of artificial food; at half-past ten 
 a coffee-cupful of milk ; (add teaspoonful of limewater 
 if the milk cannot be assimilated without); at two o'clock 
 a tea-cupful of milk, into which has been beaten the 
 yolk of one egg ; at half-past five, a coffee-cupful of arti- 
 ficial food; at ten o'clock p. m., coffee-cupful of milk. 
 Or vary the above with a dessert spoonful of pearl barley 
 jelly dissolved in warm milk for the first meal of the 
 day. Or, two of the five meals may consist of milk 
 thickened with flour porridge or a teaspoonful of boiled 
 flour. A small teacupful of beef tea may sometimes be 
 given as a variation. 
 
MANAGEMENT OF CHILDBEN. 25 
 
 In case of constipation, a teaspoonful of oatmeal may 
 be used instead of the farinaceous foods mentioned ; but 
 farinaceous diet should never be given to exceed twice 
 a day. 
 
 The barley jelly is made by boiling pearl barley for 
 six hours, afterward straining it and allowing it to cool. 
 The diet from twelve to eighteen months may be sug- 
 ested as follows : — A cup of bread and milk on first 
 awakening in the morning; the milk should be new, and 
 the bread stale. Or, the yolk of a lightly-boiled egg, 
 cup of new milk, and slice of thin bread and butter. 
 
 The meal in the middle of the forenoon may consist 
 of a cup of milk and slice of bread and butter, and at 
 half-past one o'clock a cupful of beef tea and bread with 
 a tablespoonful of light, farinaceous food, or a baked 
 potato and beef gravy, with a cup of milk. At five 
 o'clock, a cup of bread and milk as in the morning. If 
 an additional cup of milk is required at ten r m., it 
 should be given. Some children do and some 
 do not require more than three good meals a day, or 
 four of the kind described. 
 
 In case the three-meal system is adopted, three-quar- 
 ters of a pint of milk into which Weave's food lias been 
 mixed, is suggested as the first meal at 8 a. m. At one 
 o'clock the following is good :— Add to three-quarters of 
 a pint of milk the yolk of an egg well-beaten, and a 
 teaspoon of Hour and line oatmeal beaten up in four 
 
26 MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 
 
 tablespoonfuls of cold water ; boil until it thickens. At 
 half-past five o'clock repeat the diet of the morning 
 meal. 
 
 If the egg is found to disagree with a child it should, 
 of course, be discontinued. Biliousness or constipation 
 may be often relieved by rubbing the hand gently over 
 the region of the liver. 
 
 From two years old and upward the diet may include 
 meat once a day, and well-cooked or preserved fruit. 
 The occasional substitution of cocoa for milk is some- 
 times a wholesome change. 
 
 Regularity in eating and sleeping are very essential 
 habits. Nature soon adapts herself to systematic treat- 
 ment, and responds with healthful action, while she 
 punishes irregularity with suffering. For instance, the 
 headaches so often complained of among women are 
 many times the result of constipation ; and constipation 
 can be corrected, in nine cases out of ten, by simply 
 observing regular hours for movements. You may 
 choose any hour of the day you like, but make that hour 
 regular, and if persisted in, the cure is sure to be 
 wrought without the aid of medicine. Some of our best 
 physicians have recommended this course to their 
 patients, with the most satisfactory results. 
 
 Directions Regarding Medicines. 
 
 As a general rule, a dose is one drop of tincture, or 
 two pilules. Or, if the patient is a very young infant, 
 give a half or third of this quantity. It may be divided 
 
MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 27 
 
 by mixing with it two or three spoonsful of water, and 
 giving one spoonful to a dose. 
 
 In acute attacks, where the violence of the disorder 
 requires it, the remedies may be given every fifteen, 
 twenty, or thirty minutes; otherwise, every two, or three, 
 or four hours. As soon as the malady abates, the rem- 
 edies should be given gradually less frequently until 
 they are no longer required. The pilules may be 
 placed on the tongue and thus taken dry, but it is best 
 to dissolve them in filtered or soft water. In tinctures, 
 wet the cork betore removing it, and then place the 
 mouth of the bottle against the middle of the cork. This 
 mode will allow the drops to form easily and accurately. 
 
 The twenty-four chief remedies used by the best re- 
 ceived authority, are as follows: 
 
 ABBREVIATION. ATTENUATION. 
 
 Aconitum Napellus . .Aeon 3 X. 
 
 Arnica Montana Arn " 
 
 Arsenicum Album Ars " 
 
 Belladonna Bell " 
 
 Bryonia Bry " 
 
 Calcarea Carbonica Calc. C 5 
 
 Calcarea Phosphorata Calc. P 3 X. 
 
 Cbamomilla Matt icana Cham " 
 
 China Officinalis Cbin " 
 
 Cina Anthelmintica Cin " 
 
 Coffea Cruda Coff " 
 
 Drosea Rotundifolia Dros " 
 
 Gelseminum Semper virens Gels " 
 
 Hepar SulphurusCalcareuin Hep. S 3 X. 
 
 Ipecacuanba Ipec " 
 
 Mercurius bolubilis Merc. S 6 
 
 Nux Vomica Nux V. 3 X. 
 
 Phospborus Pbos 3 
 
 Pulsatilla Nigricans Puis 3 X. 
 
 Rhus Toxicodendron Rhus " 
 
 Silicea Sil 6 
 
 Spongia Marina Tosta Spong 3 X. 
 
 Sulphur Sulpb " 
 
 Veratrum Album Verat •. " 
 
'•is MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 
 
 The attenuation of the pilules of some of these rem- 
 edies must be a little modified by the experienced phar- 
 macist. Arnica, Rhus Toxicodendron, and Calendula 
 should be kept in the strong tincture, for their use in 
 case of accidents. Camphor should be kept separate 
 from other medicines. 
 
 Medicines should be alternated where it cannot be 
 decided which of two remedies is the best. 
 
 In all cases, chills are followed by fever. Do not 
 wait, therefore, until the fever is already upon the 
 patient, but forestall it by giving Aconite, — the fever 
 remedy. It will greatly modify the attack, and render 
 cure more rapid. 
 
DISEASES OP EARLY INFANCY- 
 
 Swelling of Infants' Breasts. 
 
 This is due to a natural secretion, which should be 
 left to nature to absorb. Nurses, however, sometimes 
 attempt to correct natural law, and squeeze the breasts 
 to eject the fluid, thereby producing inflammation and 
 suppuration. 
 
 Give Aeon., if there is much inflammation. For slight 
 redness, — Arnica. If of an erysipelas nature, — Bell. 
 For suppuration, — Hejpar S. Dose, every four hours. 
 
 The swelling can be reduced in most cases by cover- 
 ing the breasts with lint dipped in sweet oil. If 
 this treatment is not effective, try bathing in warm 
 brandy and water, and give internally Cham, and Bell. 
 alternately, morning and evening. Dose, one globule. 
 
 If further treatment is required, apply a bread and 
 milk poultice until the gathering breaks, giving one 
 globule of Mercury and Hepar, every alternate even- 
 ing. 
 
 Swelling, or Elongation of the Head. 
 
 This sometimes occurs at birth, owing to the softness 
 
 of the cranial bones, — especially after difficult labor. If 
 
 it does not disappear in two or three days, or if the 
 (29) 
 
30 KED GUM. NETTLE RASH. 
 
 swelling is very unusual, wash it with Arnica tincture 
 and water — six drops to a teacupful. 
 
 Red G-um. 
 
 It may be either red or white. It comes in blotches, 
 elevated in the center, and sometimes covers the entire 
 body, though appearing generally on the neck, arms, 
 and face. It is the result of improper food and bad 
 ventilation. 
 
 If the tongue is white, with vomiting and indigestion 
 — Ant. Crud. Or, if with diarrhoea tendency, —Puis. 
 Chamomilla, however, is generally used, and is most 
 effective. Hygienic conditions are indispensable to the 
 patient, and if not observed, remedies are useless. Chil- 
 dren should not live in too hot rooms. Give them 
 plenty of fresh air and wholesome food, and the nettle 
 rash with kindred blood poisons, cannot exist 
 
 Nettle Rash. 
 
 A burning, smarting eruption, coming on usually at 
 night. When the cause is a chill, with fever, give Aoon- 
 itum. With excessive irritation, and when occurring in 
 damp weather, — Dulcamara. When caused by too much 
 pastry and fat — Pulsatilla; or by eating shell-fish or 
 almonds, — Antimonium Crud. If the spots are like flea 
 bites, with purple colored swelling, use Rhus. Tox. 
 
CHAFING OF INFANTS. — THRUSH. 31 
 
 Chafing and Soreness of Infants. 
 
 Wash and carefully dry the parts two or three times a 
 day. Saturate them with Calendula lotion ( teaspoon- 
 ful to a tumbler of water), or, if the case is severe, a 
 lotion may be used composed of Tinct. of Hydrastis, 
 one part, Glycerine, live parts, and water, live parts. 
 A powder made of equal p irts of Lycopodium and Ox- 
 ide of zinc, or Fuller's Earth, is recommended. The 
 treatment used in scrofulous children should be Cole. 
 Carb. China, is the remedy given to infants. If there 
 is much raw soreness — Mereurius Sol. With chronic 
 itching, — Sulphur. When attack does not easily yield 
 to treatments — Lycopodium. 
 
 Thrush or Sore Month. 
 
 The mouth is covered with little white specks or 
 patches, extending to the tongue, gums and palate. It 
 is caused by improper food, bad air, or lack of cleanli- 
 ness. Borax or Mercurius given three times a day, are 
 the usual remedies given. 
 
 If the patches are dark colored, the breath foul, ac- 
 companied by excessive diarrhoea and weakness, give 
 Arsenicum. 
 
 Diarrhea, running saliva, foul breath, indicate Mer- 
 curius Sol. It should be given on first appearance of 
 the white specks. If accompanied with eruption, give 
 Sulphur. If the patient does not rest, and the aphthae 
 bleed profusely, Borax is indicated. 
 
32 INFLAMMATION OP THE MOUTH. — CANKER. 
 
 The mouth should be washed with a solution of Borax 
 made of ten grains to an ounce of water,, several times a 
 day. Cleanse the mouth before using the lotion, with 
 a linen rag and warm water. 
 
 Proper food is the chief thing to be thought of. If 
 Thrush cannot be cured easily, the infant should be 
 weaned, or a change of breast milk given. Cow's milk, 
 with water, also sugar-of-milk, if the child is weaned, 
 are wholesome foods. 
 
 Open air and well ventilated rooms, especially sleep- 
 ing apartments, are very necessary. 
 
 Inflammation of the Mouth. 
 
 The lining membrane of the mouth is ulcerated, red, 
 and dry ; the tongue slightly swollen, also the gums and 
 palate. The breath is foul; these symptoms may some- 
 times be accompanied with salivation. 
 
 Kail Chloricum is the chief remedy. Dose, three 
 times a day. If mercury has been used in Allopathic 
 doses, this remedy is of especial value. If there is cling- 
 ing mucus, redness of a dark hue, and the lips and 
 tongue show ulceration, Hydrastis is indicated. In slight 
 attacks, with watery saliva, use Mercurius Sol. 3X. 
 
 "Wet the mouth often with Barley-water or solution of 
 one teaspoonful of glycerine to large wine glass of water. 
 
 Mouth Canker. 
 
 This kind of poisonous ulceration occurs in underfed 
 subjects, or those whose living apartments are filled 
 
 
RUPTURED NAVEL. — HYDROCEPHALUS. 33 
 
 with impure air. Mercurius, given three or four times 
 per day, is in a majority of cases, a specific for the 
 disease. Mur.-Ac. ranks next to Mercurius. Sul- 
 phur is given in chronic cases. 
 
 Ruptured Navel. 
 
 Apply a piece of flat sheet lead or ivory, covered 
 with a pliable leather, or a round piece of cork with con- 
 vex surface and covered with leather, retained in place 
 by bandaging — not too tightly. One or two months of 
 this treatment is usually enough. Nux Vomica at night 
 and Sulphur in the morning are advised. 
 
 Hyd.roceph.alus or Water in the Head. 
 
 In this disease there is a great disproportion between 
 the size of the head and face. There is usually emacia- 
 tion and constipation. ' ' Infants suck well, yet do not 
 grow." The head is hot, and there is pulsation 
 in the anterior fontanelle. The expression is dull 
 and aged, and there is a continual inclination to lie 
 down. Bell., given in the early stage, followed by or 
 alternated with Calc.-Carb. or Merc- Sol. 6. 
 
 Throat swelling and inactive kidneys, indicate 
 Apis. Convulsions and head symptoms, — Bell. With 
 prostration and abdominal glands enlarged with non- 
 nutrition, — Arsen.-Iod. With scrofulous subjects, en- 
 larged joints, etc., — Calc.-Carb. For weak circulation, 
 suppressed urine, and if born of drunken parents, — 
 Digitalis. For flabby condition, abdomen enlarged, and 
 
34 CONVULSIONS OR FITS. 
 
 paleness, — Ferrum-Iod. Head rapidly enlarging, — 
 Helleborus. Inherited syphilitic taint, — Mercurius S. 
 6. If covered with eruptive sores, or dry skin, — Sul- 
 phur. 
 
 Open-air exercise, nourishing diet and cod-liver oil 
 are recommended as additional measures. 
 
 Infantile Convulsions or Fits. 
 
 Use Camphor immediately, either by inhalation or in 
 serting the linger, with a drop of the tincture, between- 
 the lips. Bell, and Cham, are the next most effective 
 remedies. 
 
 If with fever, or caused by fright, Aconitum. Flushed 
 face, brightness of eyes, the body rigid, — Bell. From 
 suppressed eruptions, — Bryonia. 
 
 "Depression of fontanelles" — Camphor. ("For 
 infants, one or two drops on a little sugar. ") 
 
 Irritability and twitching in sleep, — Hyoscyamus. Face 
 swollen and purple, snoring, constipation of kidneys and 
 bowels,- Opium. A succession of convulsions,- Veratrum 
 Viride. A hot bath is of great service in these cases — 
 prolonging it for five or ten minutes. The mother 
 should not nurse her child when her blood is over-heated, 
 or she is under violent excitement. Fatal results some- 
 times follow. If a tendency to convulsions is discovered, 
 adding a teaspoonful of limewater to a feeding bottle 
 of milk, often prevents further progress of disease. 
 
COLD IN THE HEAD — SNUFFLES. 35 
 
 Sleeplessness- 
 
 If with a feverish condition, give Aoonitum. If with 
 a hot and throbbing head, crying without cause, or ab- 
 normal visions, give Bell. "When caused by excitement 
 of an agreeable nature, Coffea. From nervous friction in 
 sensitives, — Hyoscyamus. When caused by grieving and 
 depression, — Ignatia. Indigestion or constipated bowels, 
 — Nux Vomica. From over-eating or indigestion, — 
 Pals. Abnormal visions, — Opium. Bathing the head 
 with cold water or gently drawing the hands over the 
 forehead and then downward along the sides of the face, 
 is very soothing. 
 
 Cold in the Head or Snuffles. 
 
 Camphor should be given at the commencement of 
 this disorder. For infants a few drops of the tincture 
 held in a spoon to the nostrils every twenty minutes, 
 allows the remedy to take effect by inhalation. Aoonitum 
 is always the remedy for febrile indications. 
 
 For watery discharge, — Arsenicum. Profuse flow from 
 the eyes, — Euphrasia. " Running cold" or where the 
 discharge resembles pus, — Mercurius Sol. 6. "Stuffy 
 cold," — Nux Vomica. 
 
 A warm bath on retiring, with drinking freely of 
 cold water, promotes cure. 
 
 The Preventions for cold, are exercise in the open 
 air daily, sponging the body quickly in cold water and 
 rubbing with the hands afterward until a glow is pro- 
 duced; proper clothing, and living in rooms well-venti- 
 lated, and not over-heated. 
 
DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE 
 SYSTEM. 
 
 Simple Diarrhoea. 
 
 Simple Diarrhcea, with straining, and blood-streaked 
 stools, indicates Ipecacunha. 
 
 Bilious discharges with frequent vomiting — Iris. 
 
 For excessive straining and bloody evacuations — Mer- 
 curius- Corr. 
 
 For greenish-white stools, with mucous and watery 
 straining, thirst, nausea, — Mercurius Dulcis. 
 
 For retching without vomiting, rolling of the head, 
 restlessness, sudden and foetid discharges, better at 
 night, worse in the morning, — Podophyllum. 
 
 Cow's milk is the best substitute for the breast — in 
 some cases with limewater added, a tablespoonful to 
 about six ounces. 
 
 Cold milk and limewater is often sufficient to arrest 
 painless attacks of diarrhoea. When it is severe, how- 
 ever, muttonbroth, whey, barley water or beef 'tea takes 
 the place of milk food. 
 
 With tendency to "failure of pulse"and "collapse," 
 brandy in doses of ten to twenty drops in milk or lime- 
 water, is administered every hour or half hour. 
 (36) 
 
CHRONIC DIARRHCEA IN CHILDREN. 37 
 
 Chronic Diarrhoea in Infants or Yonng 
 Children. 
 
 Chronic Diarrhoea in infants or very young children, 
 when accompanied with weakness, emaciation, paleness, 
 restlessness, cold hands and feet, watery, slimy or 
 bloody stool, worse after midnight and after food, vom- , 
 iting, pain in bowels, great thirst, white or bluish tongue, 
 indicates Arsenicum. 
 
 Diarrhoea with worms, — Gina. 
 
 With loss of appetite, weakness, putrid stools, flatu- 
 lence, aggravated by eating, — China. 
 
 With thirst after stools, sourness and flatulence, 
 offensive odor, — Carbo Vegetabilis. 
 
 In scrofulous subjects with glandular swellings on 
 taking cold, frothy, putrid, involuntary stools, faintness 
 afterward; thread worms, — Calcarea Carbonica. 
 
 In children with consumptive tendency, lung diffi- 
 culty and great weakness, — Phosphorus. 
 
 When there is a hard, knotty feeling on pressing the 
 bowels, with enlargement, in chronic diarrhoea, — Mercu- 
 rius Iodatus is indicated. 
 
 Discharges of greenish white or frothy, bloody mucous, 
 jaundice, great pain, frequent stools, indicates, — Mercu- 
 rius Sol. 
 
 Inflammation of the Bowels. 
 
 The symptoms are nausea, thirst, pain in bowels, 
 diarrhoea or constipation, quick, wiry pulse, dry, hot 
 
38 CONSUMPTION OF THE BOWELS. 
 
 skin. In nearly all cases the initial treatment is 
 Aconitum. When this does not relieve and there are 
 severe pains around the navel with great prostration 
 and vomiting, use Arsenicum. 
 
 For pale discharges, brown-coated tongue, bitter 
 taste in the mouth, — Kali Bichrorn. 
 
 For bilious vomiting, distended abdomen, gripings, 
 — Colocynth. 
 
 With diarrhoea and character of discharges changing 
 with every stool, and tendency to jaundice, — Podo- 
 phyllum. 
 
 With constant straining, mucous or bloody discharges, 
 distention and hardness and tenderness of abdomen, 
 Mercur.-Cor. 
 
 Consumption of the Bowels. 
 
 This is a gradual oozing away of the tissues. The 
 symptoms are acute pain, swollen abdomen, variable 
 stools, capricious appetite, flabby skin, fever, diarrhoea, 
 night-sweats and starvation from impossibility of carry- 
 ing forward the nutritive functions. 
 
 Weakness, thirst and excessive diarrhoea, etc., indi- 
 cate Arsenicum Tod. With scrofulous indications, 
 glandular swelling, etc., Gale- Garb. Night-sweats, 
 diarrhoea, changeable appetite,— Iodium. Excessive 
 diarrhoea and swelling of abdomen, — Merc. -Bin. Give 
 Sidphur in first and last stages. 
 
 An olive-oil bath is beneficial when there is emacia- 
 
FALLING BOWEL. CHOLERA INFANTUM. 39 
 
 tion. A nutritive diet, including fresh meat, beef tea, 
 soda water, limewater and cod-liver oil are effective 
 helps. 
 
 Falling of the Bowel. 
 
 When the stools are preceded by thirst and pain, and 
 are hot and loose, give Arsenicum. If the patient is 
 scrofulous and the case chronic, — Calc.-Carb. Bloody 
 stools and straining, Merc- Cor. Falling of the rectum, 
 acrid smell and looseness of the stools, — Podophyllum. 
 Flatulence and inflamed rectum, — Lycopodlum. 
 
 Replace the bowel whenever protrusion occurs. Cold 
 water applications to the parts every morning are ad- 
 vised; constipation should be at once corrected. 
 
 Cholera Infantum. 
 
 The period known as "teething" is the one most 
 accessible for the ravages of this dread disease. Its 
 causes are various, but the most fruitful is improper 
 food. Farinaceous food irritates the intestinal canal, 
 and this irritation at length becomes diarrhoea, or its 
 more acute form, "cholera infantum. " 
 
 Sour milk, or deteriorated breast-milk, or too much 
 sugar in the food — these, in conjunction with the heated 
 atmosphere and its electrical conditions, are active 
 causes. Slight attacks may be permitted to effect their 
 own cure in a day or two, often producing beneficial 
 results; but in advanced stages, aggravated, at night, 
 with greatthirsb and paleness, An. is recommended. 
 
4:0 CONSTIPATION. 
 
 When the symptoms are excessive vomiting, cold 
 sweat on the forehead, coldness of bowels, great prostra- 
 tion, free, frequent and watery discharges, use Veratrum 
 Album. 
 
 Constipation. 
 
 Begin the treatment with sulphur — given night and 
 morning. For difficult and straining passages, with 
 headache and tongue coated brown, — Bryonia. Flatu- 
 lence, — Lycopodium. For copious saliva, whitish 
 stools, sallowness, give Mercurius Sol. For irritabil- 
 ity, uneasy sleep, ineffectual desire for passage of the 
 bowels, — Nux, Vomica. If the bowels are torpid, and 
 there is drowsiness and headache or dizziness, with 
 torpid kidneys, — Opium. In obstinate attacks, where 
 the stools consist of " samll balls," give Plumbum. 
 For constipation after diarrhoea, falling of the bowel, 
 restlessness, sallowness, — Podophyllum. 
 
 Change the diet at once. Give no starchy foods to 
 infants, and use cow's milk in moderate quantities, if 
 used at all. Cheese should be banished from the bill of 
 fare, and not too much meat allowed. Plenty of fruit 
 and fresh vegetables and brown bread should be used. 
 A glass of cold water the first thing in the morning and 
 on going to bed at night, is good. Rubbing the back 
 and across the bowels with the hand is often an effect- 
 ual remedy. Avoid purgatives. 
 
WORMS. TOOTHACHE. 41 
 
 Worms. 
 
 Oina is the best usual remedy for thread or round 
 worms. The oil of the male Fern is given in large 
 doses for tapeworm. For whitish diarrhoea and tongue 
 white, — Ant.- Crude. With nervous disorders, thick, 
 white discharge from the kidneys, vomiting, itching at 
 the rectum, sudden cries during sleep, dark circles un- 
 der the eyes, — Oina-. With profuse saliva, distended 
 abdomen, foul breath, restlessness, bloody or whitish 
 stools, — Mercurius Sol. 6. For constipation, worm 
 colic, — Sulphur. Also during convalescence. If there 
 is unusual itching of the anus at night, give JJrtica 
 Urens. Excessive irritation may be allayed by salt 
 and water injections ; teaspoon of salt to half a pint of 
 water. Applying lard every night for ten days has a 
 good effect. Sweet oil is also soothing. The diet 
 should include well cooked meats, and a large allowance 
 of salt. 
 
 Treatment for Toothache. 
 
 If produced by cold and fever indications are present, 
 use Aoonitum. For intermittent pains in the tooth,— 
 Arsenicum. If the temples throb with pain,— Bell. 
 If the pain is increased by cold or hot food or drinks, 
 and the cheeks are sore,— Bryonia. If aggravated at 
 night, one cheek pale and the other red, violent parox- 
 ysms of pain, — CJiamomilla. If caused by decay or 
 looseness, with pain reaching to the ears, — Merciirius 
 
4:2 RETENTION OF URINE. INCONTINENCE. 
 
 Sol. 6. When caused by undigested food, aching on 
 the left side of the face, — Pulsatilla. When pro- 
 ducing a sensation that the teeth are too long, with de- 
 cayed cavities, — Staphysagria. Ereasotum is advised 
 when the gums are red and painful, the breath foul, and 
 ulceration is present. 
 
 Hot compresses are sometimes helpful, and electric 
 treatment often affords swift relief. Apply the nega- 
 tive pole of the battery to the cheek of the aching tooth, 
 and the positive to the back of the neck. 
 
 Retention of Urine. 
 
 The enlarged bladder may be recognized in the low- 
 er part of the bowels by palpitation, and is discovered 
 to be full. In suppression, it is empty. 
 
 If resulting from cold or fever or inflammatory action, 
 give Aconitum. Slight discharge of thick, mattery 
 urine, — Cannabis Saliva. Frequent desire and entire 
 suppression, — Cantharis. Periodic retention, — Gelsem- 
 i/ium. With constipation and he it in the lower abdo- 
 men, — Nux Vomica ; Relaxed bowels, with heat, — Pul- 
 satilla. The diet should be sparing ; warm bathing, 
 with hand rubbing afterward, especially down the 
 spine, is advised. 
 
 Incontinence of Urine. 
 
 When occurring most frequently at night Belladonna 
 is advised. If the urine is strong and high colored, 
 give Benzoic Acid. Scrofulous subjects, — worms, Cal.- 
 
VOMITING. 43 
 
 Carb. With fever, and if the urine is reddish, — Gantha- 
 ris. Indigestion, foul breath, " uneasiness in urinating," 
 — Ghamomilla. If not able to retain the urine in the 
 daytime, give Ferritin. If the inability is present night 
 and day, give Gellemiiium. If from thread-worms, 
 — Cina. If the urine is alkaline, pale and excessive, 
 — Phos. Acid. Avoid acid foods, spirits, tea and coffee, 
 and salt; meat may be eaten in moderation, also fruit. 
 Cold water and mucilaginous drinks are recommended ; 
 also cold ablutions in the morning if quickly done, so 
 that no chill follows. Whipping the child only increas- 
 es the disorder. When incontinence of urine is caused 
 by nervousness, it can be detected in the infant by the 
 effect produced on the nerves by sudden noises, like 
 slamming a door, etc; in these cases Tgnatia is the almost 
 certain remedy. 
 
 Vomiting. 
 
 If the milk thrown up is uncurdled, it indicates weak- 
 ness of the stomach, and the quantity taken should be 
 reduced, and given a little oftener. Bad hygienic con- 
 ditions, such as too little sunlight, impure air, unclean- 
 lincss, starchy foods, — using arrowroot and other indW 
 gestible substances in place of breast milk, — these are 
 mostly the causes of this derangement. If there is 
 diarrhoea, vomiting of bile, thirst, eructations and 
 nausea, — Antimonium Crudum is indicated. 
 
 Vomiting of mucus and nausea, produced by food, — 
 Ipecacuanha. 
 
44 SOKE THROAT. 
 
 Simple vomiting from indigestion, — Pulsatilla. Sour 
 vomitings, or greenish, bilious matter, with aversion to 
 food, and constipation, — Nux Vomica. 
 
 If the patient is a nursing child, the mother's diet 
 should be changed. If the child is weaned, the change 
 should be made in its diet. Avoid giving too much food 
 at a time ; the stomach often needs rest, especially after 
 vomiting, Nothing should be taken into the stomach for 
 an hour or two, unless it be small pieces of ice, which 
 have a tendency to allay vomiting. Sponge the body 
 once a day in cold or tepid water. 
 
 "When there is chronic vomiting, with hard and swol- 
 len abdomen and constipation, — Cole. - Carb. is indicated. 
 If the health is generally bad and the vomiting contin- 
 ued, give Kreasotum. In obstinate cases the food 
 should be cool or cold. Food given too hot is an injury. 
 In extreme prostration sponge the body twice a day 
 with warm water and afterward rub it thoroughly with 
 olive oil. Cold beef tea given in small doses and at 
 frequent intervals, is advised. 
 
 Sore Throat. 
 
 In the common type, give Aeon, immediately — every 
 two hours. If the color is bright red accompanied with 
 painful swallowing, — Bell, is indicated. If it results 
 from dampness or a wetting, — Dulcamara is the remedy. 
 For lump in the throat, increased at night, — Mercurius 
 Sol. Wet compress, steaming, or sipping cold water, 
 are helps in the cure. 
 
QUINSEY. JAUWDICE. 45 
 
 Qninsey. 
 
 If attended to at once, Aconitum should be given 
 until a few doses are taken, to be followed by Baryta 
 Carb. If suppuration cannot be avoided, give Hepar S. 
 Fever and pricking sensation in the throat indicates 
 Aconitum. He2Ldsym])toms,-Bettadonna. In scrofulous 
 subjects when the disease is chronic, — Calc.-Carb. 
 With neuralgic pains, — Guaiacum. With profuse saliva- 
 tion, foul breath, etc., — Mercur.-Iod. Give Hepar S. 
 after suppuration. Cold water bandages and taking ice 
 in the mouth are advisable at first. If the disease con- 
 tinues toward matteration apply hot linseed poultices, 
 and steam the throat. Diet, — thickened milk. 
 
 Janndice. 
 
 Mercurius is the remedy oftenest effective. Dose, 
 every three hours ; if accompanied with fever symptoms, 
 give Aconitum ; when caused by mad-fits, give Chamo* 
 milla. When from indigestion, cold, or over-exertion, 
 give China. If the patient suffers from mercurial 
 poison, give Mercurius- Sol. 3X. For constipation, 
 pain in the liver, and nausea, give Nux Vomica. Open 
 air exercise and proper diet are essentials to cure. Cold 
 water compress over the liver is advised. 
 
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY 
 
 SYSTEM. 
 
 Inflammation of the Lungs. 
 
 This ailment comes on with severe fever, short, dry- 
 cough, with expectorations of greenish, }^ellow, or 
 rusty-colored mucous, difficult breathing, high-colored 
 and hot urine, great thirst, variable pulse. 
 
 If taken in time, Aeon, given every two hours, fre- 
 quently checks its progress. If not, Phos. is the proper 
 remedy, either alone or alternating with Aeon. These 
 remedies are usually all that is required. 
 
 When the disorder is preceded by a cold in the head, 
 Ant. -Tart, is usually effective. If inflammation reaches 
 the pleura, give Bryonia. For oppressed breathing and 
 characteristic expectoration, Phosphorus is indicated. 
 Head symptoms, — Bell. Sulphur is given during con- 
 valescent stage. The patient should have a warm room 
 and farinaceous foods. Chopped ice is a beneficial sub- 
 stitute for drink; the drinks advised are gum water, 
 lemonade or soda-water. A poultice of linseed meal 
 for the front and back chest retards loss of vitality. 
 
 Pleurisy. 
 
 It is brought on suddenly, with sharp, catching pains 
 
 or stitches in the lower chest or side, interrupted breath- 
 (46) 
 
BRONCHITIS. 47 
 
 ing, short, dry cough, pulse wiry and quick, high-col- 
 ored urine, dry tongue, and flushed face. If Aeon, does 
 not afford relief, give Bryonia every hour or two. This 
 is indicated by the difficult, catching respiration, cough 
 that produces pain in the side, and restless irritation. If 
 fever indications continue, alternate this remedy with 
 Aeon. 
 
 Sulphur is given when the patient is convalescent. 
 
 Hot linseed-meal poultices or flannel wrung out of 
 hot water, applied over the locality of pain, give relief. 
 Light diet and good nursing are important. 
 
 Bronchitis. 
 
 Bronchitis is inflammation of the lining of the bron- 
 chial tubes. To the patient the upper part of the chest 
 is the seat of disease. It is attended in the beginning 
 with febrile indications in connection with tightness in 
 the upper region of the lungs. Oppressed, wheezing 
 breathing follows, with dry cough or frothy expectora- 
 tions, sometimes mixed with blood. Pain in the fore- 
 head and eyes, weak pulse, and high-colored urine. 
 
 Aconitum should be given immediately every two 
 hours, or every hour. In case this fails to arrest its 
 advance, give Ant.-Tart. or Kali Bichrom. , eitheralone 
 or alternated with Aconitum. 
 
 Wheezing, or suffocating cough indicates Ant.-Tart. 
 Pains in the muscles, — Bryonia. Tenacious and stringy 
 
48 CROur. 
 
 expectoration, — Kali Bich. Inflammation extending to 
 the lungs, — Phos. 
 
 A warm, damp atmosphere (it can be moistened by 
 steam) hastens cure; also hot linseed meal poultices ap- 
 plied to the affected portions. 
 
 Beef tea, jellies, gruels, etc., are recommended as diet. 
 Drinking cold water aids the skin in its efforts to relieve 
 the congestion. 
 
 Croup. 
 
 This disease is heralded by fever, & peculiar hoarse- 
 ness, and a characteristic hoarse, dry, harking cough. 
 The cough generally precedes the alarming symptoms 
 by two or three days. Its special character, to experi- 
 enced ears, is unmistakable. The danger arises from 
 suffocation, convulsions, "the formation of a coagulum 
 in the heart," and exhaustion. 
 
 Aconite is always given in the first stage, and when 
 fever is present, with the croupy cough and distressed 
 breathing, it should be repeated every fifteen or twenty 
 minutes for three or four times, then once every half 
 hour and hour. The remedy is then Spongia; or the 
 two may be alternated every hour or so. 
 
 Oppressed breathing, copious discharge of phlegm 
 and nausea, indicate Ant. -Tart. 
 
 When the fever lessens, the cough becomes loose, and 
 there is difficulty in expectorating, — Hepar S. 
 
 Difficult breathing, hollow, whistling cough and pain 
 in the lungs, — Iodiurn. Also Spongia. 
 
croup. 49 
 
 When the patient is convalescent, give Sulphur. 
 
 Accessory treatment may be given by hot water 
 foments applied to the throat, warm baths, and the inha- 
 lation of steamed air; or with a few drops of the remedy 
 used (tincture) added to the steaming water and con- 
 veyed by means of tube to the throat. 
 
 Water is the only article of diet that can be used 
 during the severity of the attack; afterward, gruels, 
 beef tea, milk and water, etc. 
 
 Croup is preceded by its characteristic cough. Diph- 
 theria is without it — but begins with chills, fever and 
 sore throat. In Croup the disorder extends upward to 
 the larynx; in Diphtheria, downward to the lungs. 
 Croup is a local affection, Diphtheria is a contagion of 
 the blood. 
 
 Spasmodic Croup, or Spasm of the Glottis, is a nerv- 
 ous disease and comes on usually in the night, with con- 
 traction of the muscles of the throat and a "crowing 
 inspiration," with difficulty in getting the breath. The 
 danger arises from suffocation. 
 
 Aeon, should be given at once — every five or ten 
 minutes for three or four times, or until relief is afforded. 
 Bell, is also held in high favor in this disorder. The 
 indications are for Aeon, if the skin is hot and parched, 
 and the pulse quick and full. 
 
 For cerebral trouble, — Bell. 
 
 For wheezing or hoarseness afterward — Ilep.-S. 
 
50 
 
 CROUP. 
 
 Spo?igia should be given three times a day when 
 Aeon, and Bell, are discontinued. 
 
 When the spasmodic contraction is accompanied with 
 inclination to cough, — Moschus. 
 
 Hot fomentations and warm baths are beneficial 
 measures in conjunction with the remedies. This dis- 
 order occurs in infancy. 
 
BLOOD DISEASES. 
 
 Diphtheria. 
 
 The malignant type is introduced by strong indica- 
 tions, such as great prostration, high fever, pulse 140 
 or more, swollen tonsils covered with white or gray or 
 yellowish patches of putrid matter, sometimes enlarging 
 to such an extent as to form a false membrane in the 
 throat, — foul breath, and sometimes vomiting or purg- 
 ing. The neck becomes stiff, the glands swollen, and 
 there is more or less pain through the affected parts and 
 in the ear. 
 
 Give Bell, immediately. If no relief is afforded 
 after 48 hours, Merc. -Bin. should be given every three 
 hours, or if this fail, give Mur. Ac. 
 
 Burning feeling in the throat and severe weakness, 
 indicates Amman.- Carb. 
 
 Diarrhoea, thirst, cold perspiration and prostration, 
 Arsenicum. 
 
 The throat covered with white patches, thirst, dry- 
 ness, etc., — Bell. 
 
 If nostrils are affected, — Kali Bichrom. 
 
 With aggravated foulness of breath, Kali Per Man- 
 
 gan. 
 
 (51) 
 
52 WHOOPING COUGH. 
 
 Deep red throat speckled with putrid matter, and 
 great secretion of foetid matter, — Merc-Bin. 
 
 Putrid throat, bowels relaxed, prostration, etc., 
 — Mur.-Ac. 
 
 In the commencement, hot poultices are recommended 
 but not in later stages of the disease, nor in severe cases. 
 Steaming with water and also acetic acid are advised. 
 Fumigations with Sulphur (crude) are valuable aids, as 
 are also warm baths and, drinking freely of cold water. 
 
 A nourishing diet is urgent. Small pieces of ice 
 sucked, allay vomiting. Disinfectants should be in 
 constant use about the house, and great attention given 
 to cleanliness and ventilation. 
 
 Whooping Cough. 
 
 The symptoms are catarrhal with fits of coughing 
 which return at shorter periods and greater severity, 
 accompanied by the characteristic "whoop." The indica- 
 tions at first are usually for Aeon. , and afterward Ipecac; 
 orfor alternations of these remedies. When the "whoop" 
 is quite developed a dose of Drosera every three hours 
 is given. Sore throat, convulsions, watery eyes, etc., 
 indicate Bell. 
 
 Vomiting, convulsions, strangling, etc., indicate Cup- 
 rum. 
 
 Yomiting and dry cough, — Ipecac. To rub the chest 
 and back, night and morning, with oil or the bare hand, 
 
MUMPS. SCARLET FEVER, ETC. 53 
 
 is excellent. The spinal column should be treated in 
 the same way. Rubbing the lower limbs and bottoms 
 of the feet on retiring (by the nurse or mother) will be 
 found of great benefit. 
 
 Mumps. 
 
 Mumps or swelling of the Salivary Glands under and 
 in front of the ear. The jaw becomes stiff and great 
 pain is caused by moving it for eating or drinking. 
 The glands swell, and there is fever and headache for a 
 week. 
 
 Give Aeon, once in two or three hours, three or four 
 times, then Merc-Sol. 6, every three hours. For pain 
 and tendency to brain trouble, — Bell. Tongue coated 
 and abnormal flow of saliva, — Mercurius Sol. When 
 the swelling changes to the testicles, or mammary 
 glands, — Pah. 
 
 Hot fomentations and flannel bandages should be used 
 and the patient kept from the cold air. 
 
 Scarlet Fever.— Scarlatina. 
 
 Scarlatina and Scarlet Fever are synonymous terms. 
 Its contagion and poison is second only to that of Small 
 Pox. It is ushered in with chills, succeeded by fever, 
 quick pulse, headache, thirst, backache, sore throat, and 
 sometimes vomiting. In two or three days the rash ap- 
 pears, first on the breast, then the neck, face and body 
 generally. It is scarlet, and not raised above the sur- 
 rounding surface. It disappears on pressure, but returns 
 
0± SCARLATINA. 
 
 when the pressure is removed ; begins to subside on the 
 fourth or fifth day, the outer skin scaling off in flakes. 
 The tongue, at first coated white, with edges and tip 
 red, afterward assumes a strawberry-like appearance, 
 the papillae becoming red and raised, followed by a raw 
 look. The throat is swollen around the tonsils and soft 
 palate, and the mucous membrane is also affected. 
 
 Treatment. — Begin with a dose of Aeon, every two 
 or three hours. When the rash appears and the throat 
 becomes sore, Bell, is given in the same manner. If high 
 fever, alternate the two. If the type is mild no other 
 remedies will be required until the disease begins to de- 
 cline. Then give Sulph. night and morning for two or 
 three days. 
 
 In Scarlatina Anginosa (in which both skin and throat 
 are affected) Mercurius is indicated ; alternate with Gel- 
 seminum if the skin is very hot, or there is much 
 restlessness. 
 
 In Scarlatina Malignant, the indications are for 
 Allan, or Ammon.-Carb. Bapt., Ars., Apis, Gels., 
 Mur.-Ac, Phos., OpL, spray of Sulphurous Acid or 
 Condy's Fluid diluted (one part in ten of water) are also 
 used. But a physician should be summoned at once for 
 this form of the malady. 
 
 General Indications. Hot skin and fever symptoms 
 — Aconitum. 
 
 Malignant, with suppressed or purple rash, offensive 
 
SCARLATINA. 55 
 
 matter from the nostrils, angles of the mouth cracking 
 — Ailanthus Gland. Give frequent doses until the 
 symptoms improve. 
 
 In very great prostration, — Ammon.-Carb. 
 
 "With decided sore throat with swelling, — Apis. 
 
 Great thirst, prostration, cold sweat, weak pulse, 
 threatened diarrhoea, indicates Arsenicum. 
 
 Suppressed rash, remittent symptoms, restlessness, — 
 Gelseminum. 
 
 Malignant sore throat with great depression, — Muri- 
 atic Acid. 
 
 Severe head symptoms, quick pulse, vomiting, — Yer- 
 atrum Yiride. 
 
 Ulcers in the throat and mouth, difficulty in swallow- 
 ing, offensive discharge from nose, copious saliva, — Mer- 
 curius Sol. 6. 
 
 Some additional remedies are given as follows: — If 
 the first stage is ushered in by " convulsions, cold sweat, 
 difficult breathing or vomiting, — Ant.- Tart., swelling 
 of glands, — Kali.-Hyd., or Bar.-Mur.; restlessness 
 and sleeplessness, Hyos. or Coffea; sudden receding of 
 rash, — Cup.- Ac; dropsical symptoms, — Big.; as a gar- 
 gle use Eujyatorium, Hydrastis or Nit. -Acid. IX, — ten 
 drops to a gill of water." If the gargle cannot be used, 
 mop the throat with a small piece of wet sponge tied to 
 a stick, and apply the gargle afterward with a clean 
 
56 SCARLATINA. 
 
 sponge or a feather. Time of application should be 
 about half an hour after administering the medicine. 
 
 The most effective accessory means in treatment of 
 this disease is perfect ventilation. Remove as much of 
 the furniture as possible from the patient's room — 
 stuffed furniture — everything that can absorb miasm — 
 including curtains and carpets, should be dispensed 
 with. A constant change of air should be secured. Car- 
 bolic acid is recommended as a disinfectant. If the 
 body is sponged with tepid water, the fever is much 
 quieted thereby. When the throat is affected, the ap- 
 plication of wet bandages is excellent. The wet pack 
 at the commencement of the disease is often a very 
 valuable aid. This may be repeated while the fever 
 continues, at a few hours' interval, but it should be very 
 carefully given. When the rash is suppressed or 
 slow, a hot bath or a blanket wrung out of hot water 
 used as a pack, is the proper aid. 
 
 Diet. — Milk alone or milk and water, or soda water 
 or thin gruel — either of arrowroot, sago, yolk of an egg 
 beaten up with cold milk, grapes, cooked fruits, oranges, 
 barley water, weak lemonade or gum water — all these 
 may be used. 
 
 When stimulants are necessary, Liebig's Extract of 
 beef, wine or brandy or beef tea should be given at 
 regular intervals in small doses. 
 
 Belladonna should be given night and morning to the 
 children of the household who are not affected. The 
 
SCARLATINA. 57 
 
 first and second dilution of the tincture is recom- 
 mended. 
 
 The nurse should keep as much away from the re- 
 mainder of the family as possible. A calico dress 
 should be worn over the apparel, and taken off on leav- 
 ing the sick room. A disinfectant made of one table- 
 spoonful of chloride of lime to a gallon of water ( or 
 Condy's fluid used in the same way) is used for wet- 
 ting the hands after touching the patient. Excretions 
 should be disinfected and disposed of immediately. The 
 underclothing changed from the patient should be at 
 once put in disinfected water, and afterward washed 
 and boiled in disinfected water. Everything woolen 
 about the room or patient should be either burnt or 
 fumigated by putting a small quantity of sulphur on 
 some burning wood or coal, and closing the room until 
 it is filled with fumes. The sick room should be treated 
 in the same manner after the patient leaves it. 
 
 When dropsy follows Scarlet Fever, it occurs about 
 the twelfth day. The symptoms are, quick pulse, thirst, 
 paleness, high-colored and scanty urine, swelling of cel- 
 lular tissue. When this is rapid, the skin pale, the 
 urine high-colored, the tonsils swollen and the swallow- 
 ing difficult, give Apis. 
 
 When there is general oedema, with prostration and 
 dark-colored or bloody urine, Arsenicum is indicated. 
 
 For reddish or scanty urine, use Terebinth. 
 
58 SCARLATINA. 
 
 With painful passage of urine, prostration and cedema, 
 — Cantharis is indicated. 
 
 Other remedies are Digitalis, Ferrum, Helleborus, 
 Ilepar Sulph. and Apocyn.-Can. 
 
 Accessory treatment is found in warm baths, the wet 
 pack, drinking cold water, and sponging with warm 
 water. A good diet and pure air are also very essen- 
 tial. 
 
 The following differences are shown between Measles 
 and Scarlet Fever: 
 
 In Measles, the eruption is rough to the hand, and is 
 concentrated in spots. In Scarlet Fever it is not raised 
 above the surface, and is of a uniform redness. 
 
 In Measles, the eyes are watery. In Scarlet Fever 
 they have a bright stare. In Measles, the rash is 
 pinkish red. In Scarlet Fever it is a bright scarlet color. 
 In Measles, the rash begins near the roots of the hair. 
 In Scarlet Fever on the neck and face. Measles come 
 out on the fourth day, — Scarlet Rash on the second. 
 Measles are accompanied by .catarrhal symptoms. 
 Scarlet Fever produces sore throat, hot skin and some- 
 times delirium. In Measles the skin comes off in fine 
 scales; in Scarlet Fever in large patches. Diseases of 
 the eyes, lungs, ears and skin follow Measles. Dropsy 
 and glandular swellings most frequently follow Scarlet 
 Fever. 
 
 Scarlet Rash or Rubeola is accompanied with cold 
 
MEASLES. 59 
 
 in the head, indications of Measles, the sore throat and 
 rash of Scarlet Fever, but the skin is moist, the blotches 
 are darker and less smooth to the hand than Scarlatina, 
 appear at irregular intervals on different portions of the 
 body, and do not become white under pressure. A full 
 eruption seems to bring out a correspondingly free per- 
 spiration. 
 
 Aeon, is given at first, every two or three hours, until 
 the fever is reduced. The next remedy is Coffea. 
 
 Aeon, is indicated by simple rash and fever. 
 
 Belladonna for throat symptoms. 
 
 Pulsatilla when influenza difficulty is prominent. 
 
 Bryonia, if rash suddenly recedes. Use other meas- 
 ures as recommended in Scarlatina and Measles. 
 
 Measles. 
 
 This ailment comes on with catarrhal indications, — or 
 all the symptoms of cold in the head. The eruption 
 appears about the fourth day, — first on the face and 
 neck, then on the body, then the legs. The rash re- 
 sembles flea bites which coalesce into larger blotches, 
 and are rough to the touch. Its color is not so deep as 
 Scarlet Fever, and under pressure by the finger the 
 white streak does not remain so long. It is more 
 malignant when the tint is a dark purple. The rash is 
 not fully developed until about the third day. It does 
 not recede for three days after this, when the fever 
 lessens, and the skin comes oft in fine scales. If diar- 
 
60 MEASLES. 
 
 rhcea sets in as the symptoms abate, it should not be 
 checked, since the accumulation of poisonous matter is 
 often carried off in this way. 
 
 Five or six days before the eruption occurs in Measles, 
 red spots appear on the soft palate, especially the uvula, 
 and remain three or four days after the eruption dis- 
 appears. Guard speaks of this as an important symp- 
 tom in the diagnosis of the disease. The preliminary 
 symptoms are those of influenza or acute cold in the 
 head. 
 
 Treatment. — For the fever in the first stages of 
 Measles, give Aeon, every two or three hours. For the 
 catarrhal symptoms which succeed the fever, give Puis. 
 alone every two or three hours. Aconite followed by 
 Pulsatilla are often the only medicines required. 
 
 Tendency to lung trouble indicates Phosphorus. If 
 rash does not come out, or recedes, give Gelseminum. 
 When the eyes are very watery, — Euphrasia. Bron- 
 chial difficulty indicates Ant-Tart. Sore throat, with 
 tendency to delirium, — Belladonna. Dysentery, — 
 Mercurius Sol. 
 
 A dose of Sulphur night and morning for several 
 days is recommended, after other medicines are dis- 
 continued. 
 
 Remedies for the secondary diseases following measles 
 are as follows: 
 
 Inflammation of the Eyelids, — Aeon., Bell., Merc- 
 Cor., Sulph. 
 
SMALL POX. 61 
 
 Deafness or Ear Discharges, — Hep. -Sulph., Merc, 
 Puis, j Sil., Sulph. 
 
 Skin Eruptions, — lod., Ars., Sulph. 
 
 Consumption, Cough, etc., — Ars., Bros., Hep.-S., 
 Phos., Cod-liver Oil, Spong. 
 
 Glandular Swellings, — Calc.-Carb., lod., Lye, 
 Merc. 
 
 Styes, — Bell., Calc.-Carb., Puis., Sulph. 
 
 The accessory treatment in Measles, including diet, 
 etc., is much like that of Scarlet Fever. Suppressed 
 eruption should be brought out with hot bath or hot 
 pack. Sponging the body with warm water, using care 
 to prevent "catching cold," and the wet pack, are 
 especially recommended once or twice a day. Perfect 
 ventilation, change of linen often, and the patient kept 
 warm in bed in an equally-tempered room — all these 
 are important measures. 
 
 The preventives in this disease are Puis, in the 
 morning, and Aeon, at night. To be continued a week 
 or ten days. 
 
 Small Pox. 
 
 There are two kinds: The con-fluent, when the pustules 
 run together; and the distinct, or where they are sepa- 
 rated and well defined. The first is the most danger- 
 ous. The symptoms begin like those of other fevers: 
 Ch Ills, weariness, high fever, flushed face, tongue furred 
 thick with white, pain in bach and loins, tenderness at 
 
62 SMALL P05. 
 
 pit of stomach, sometimes attended with vomiting. 
 The eruption comes out on about the third day, appear- 
 ing first on the forehead and front of the wrists, then 
 the neck and breast, extending from these points over 
 the entire body. It appears in "red spots or small, 
 hard pimples, feeling like shot under the skin." The 
 diagnosis in this particular differs from Measles and 
 Scarlet Fever, as also in the absence of sore throat and 
 catarrhal indications. The suppuration of the pustules 
 and the severe fever renders it different from Chicken 
 Pox. When the eruption is fully developed and the 
 fever abates, the vesicles fill with fluid matter, at first 
 watery, then a thicker yellow, becoming depressed in 
 the center, the outer edge red and inflamed. The odor 
 is peculiar to the disease, and very disagreeable. In 
 eight or nine days the pustules discharge, secondary 
 fever comes on, the pocks scab over and fall off four or 
 five days later, but the pit marks remain. The sec- 
 ondary fever is the greatest danger, occurring when the 
 vitality is greatly exhausted from the first inroads of 
 the disease. The time of greatest fatality is from the 
 seventh to the eleventh day after eruption. Scrofulous 
 organizations are the greatest sufferers. Between the 
 ao-es of seven and fourteen the disease is seldom fatal. 
 Ant- Tart, is administered every two or three hours. 
 Aeon, may be given first, at the same intervals, or the 
 two remedies may be alternated, if the fever continues. 
 
SMALL POX. 63 
 
 Ant. -Tart, holds sucli a prominent place as a remedial 
 agent in this disease that it should be given at once, as 
 soon as Small Pox is suspected. 
 
 Swelling of the face and eyelids indicates Apis. 
 
 If accompanied with hoarseness and difficult swallow- 
 ing, alternate this remedy with Bell. 
 
 Severe head symptoms, stupor or delirium, — Bell. 
 
 Sleeplessness, — Coffea. 
 
 Throat ulceration, salivation, bloody diarrhoea, — Mer- 
 curius Sol. 
 
 For sudden receding of eruption or malignant indica- 
 tions, with brain trouble, cold skin, difficult breathing, 
 etc. , one or two drops of Camphor, in some warm water 
 every ten or fifteen minutes is given until the symptoms 
 are relieved. 
 
 For excessive itching, and during filling of the pus- 
 tules and when the disease wanes, Tincture Sulphur is 
 the proper remedy. 
 
 Some other remedies are given, as follows : ' ' Aeon. , 
 inflammation generally ; Apis., dropsical swellings ; 
 Ars. , prostration ; Bell. , delirium, inflamed throat ; 
 Br>/., bronchitis; Carb.-Veg., gastric disorder with 
 putrescence; IIijos., delirium and restlessness; Kali 
 Bich., bronchitis ; Merc, glandular swellings; Phos., 
 pneumonia; R hus Tox., pain in back; Strom. , delirium." 
 
 The great accessory measure in this disease is a con- 
 stant supply of fresh air. The patient's eyes should be 
 
G4 SMALL POX. 
 
 shaded from the light, and the most careful cleanliness 
 should be observed as to change of linen. When the 
 eruption is thoroughly developed, the surface should be 
 smeared with olive oil, cream, or glycerine and water — 
 one part of glycerine to two parts of water — repeated 
 two or three times a day. Before the pustules break, if 
 they are bathed with equal parts of glycerine and rose 
 water, and then at once dusted with a powder made of 
 the first centesimal trituration of Ant. -Tart, to eight 
 parts of violet powder, it is said to prevent the pitting 
 and consequent disfigurement. The process should of 
 course be frequently repeated. The hands of children 
 should be muffled if necessary, to prevent scratching. 
 Great care and cleanliness should be exercised in rela- 
 tion to the genital organs of both sexes to prevent reten- 
 tion of urine and other disagreeable symptoms. Sponging 
 the skin with warm water to which has been added a 
 few drops of carbolic acid, and then drying with a soft 
 towel, allays heat and irritation. After the pustules 
 have burst, powdered starch or corn flour should be used 
 freely. Frequent bathing in warm water, particularly 
 during the latter part of the disease, is important. 
 
 Infected clothing should be burned or boiled at a tem- 
 perature of 212 c . Infected rooms should be fumigated 
 with Sulphur, floors scrubbed with solutions of chloride 
 of zinc, and walls whitewashed with lime. The same 
 preventive measures regarding the nurse, etc., should 
 be adopted that are recommended in Scarlet Fever. 
 
 
VACCINATION. — CHICKEN POX. 65 
 
 The Diet advised, consists principally of milk and 
 soda-water, yolks of eggs beaten up with cold milk, 
 gruels, oranges, grapes, cooked fruits, etc Jelly-water, 
 lemonade, toast-water, etc., may be used. 
 
 The Preventives after vaccination, are a dose of sul- 
 phur night and morning, and pure air. 
 
 Vaccination, or Cow Pox. 
 
 The greatest care should be used in procuring abso- 
 lutely pure vaccine matter. The latest method is to ob- 
 tain it directly from the cow, using a new ivory point 
 with which the arm is scarified. It is advisable to insert 
 it in two places in the arm, above the elbow. In case 
 of an excess of inflammation and redness, or fever, on- 
 the seventh or eighth day, Aconite or Belladonna is 
 given. Bell, is the proper remedy when the blood has 
 a taint of erysipelas. From about the eighth day, Sul- 
 phur is recommended for a few days, night and morn- 
 ing. 
 
 Chicken Pox. 
 
 This disease differs from Small Pox in the mild char- 
 acter of its symptoms. The fever is slight, the erup- 
 tion appears on the second day, and although it forms 
 into pustules, they leave no lasting pit-marks. The dis- 
 order seems to pursue its course by patches — some of 
 the pustules forming while others disappear. It is not 
 attended with the high inflammation occurring in Small 
 Pox pits, and its entire period is far more rapid. 
 
66 TYPHOID FEVER. 
 
 Treatment. — Give Aeon, every three hours, for feb- 
 rile symptoms, afterward Bhus. every three or four 
 hours, until the patient is convalescent. Bhus. Tox. is 
 considered the chief remedy, and should be administered 
 without delay. 
 
 Convulsions indicate Ant. -Tart. 
 
 Severe itching or swelling of eyelids, — Apis. 
 
 Suppuration in the pimples, — Mercurius Sol. G. 
 
 Severe head disturbance, — Belladonna. 
 
 Milk diet is recommended. 
 
 Typhoid Fever. 
 
 The early indications for this dangerous disease are 
 weakness, thirst, dry, cracked tongue, sleeplessness, 
 languor, pain in the head, constipation, "dull wander- 
 ing mind, and often delirium at night." The cheeks 
 become deeply flushed, the pulse is quick, the abdomen 
 is enlarged, diarrhoea commences, with tenderness on 
 the right side below the navel. The stools are of light 
 ochre color, liquid, and sometimes streaked with blood. 
 About the seventh day a rose-colored eruption appears^ 
 principally on the extremities and back, — sometimes on 
 the pit of the stomach. These spots come in successive 
 crops, and under the pressure of the finger, fade for the 
 instant. The temperature is higher in the evening than 
 in the morning. Other symptoms are, ringing in the 
 ears, black specks before the eyes, low delirium and 
 stupor. As the seat of the disease is in that locality 
 
TYPHOID FEVER. 67 
 
 of the bowels known as the solitary glands, which be- 
 come ulcerated, its danger arises from the liability of 
 these ulcers eating through and destroying the bowels. 
 This of course is fatal. 
 
 Hemorrhage and exhausting diarrhoea may lead to the 
 same issue. 
 
 Treatment. — JBaptisia is almost specific for ' early 
 Typhoid indications. It should be given at once, in 
 "low dilution and frequent doses." 
 
 For excessive purging, give Arsenicum. 
 
 The use of Bryonia is indicated by flushed face, nau- 
 sea, stupifying headache, cough, bitter taste, constipation 
 and rheumatic pains. 
 
 For throbbing temples, violent headache and delirium 
 at night. — Belladonna. 
 
 For putrid throat and excessive debility, — Muriatic 
 Acid. For profuse and weakening perspiration, — Mer- 
 curius. Lung complications, — Phos. Restlessness, — 
 Hyos. Offensive evacuations and smells, — Carlo.- Veg. 
 For weakness when the patient is convalescent, — Ferrum 
 or China. Suljph. is also given during this period. 
 
 The usual hygienic conditions advised in all fevers 
 should be strictly observed in this. In the early stages 
 the wet pack is very valuable. A wet compress over 
 the abdomen is of great value — also sponging with tepid 
 or cold water. 
 
 The diet should be fluid or semi-fluid. If some lemon 
 
gg SCROFULA. 
 
 juice and water can be taken a few minutes before the 
 food, it will be found beneficial in lubricating the parched 
 condition of the mouth and tongue. Change of air, 
 when recovery is advanced enough to allow it, is ex- 
 tremely beneficial. 
 
 Scrofula. 
 
 Children inheriting this taint are liable to "White 
 Swellings, Abscesses, Hip-joint Disease, Convulsions, 
 Scald Head, King's Evil, Acute Hydrocephalus, Phthisis, 
 cracks in the skin, "scabby eruptions," Strumous Oph- 
 thalmia, Otorrhcea, Ozena, etc. 
 
 The active causes are syphilitic taint or gout in one or 
 both of the parents, bad ventilation, living in damp, im- 
 pure rooms, improper food, want of sunlight or cleanli- 
 ness, the use of tobacco in the father, leucorrhcea or 
 kindred unhealth in the mother, Scarlet Fever, Catarrh, 
 Measles, etc. 
 
 Great debility, emaciation, sallow skin and exhaust- 
 ing stools indicate Arsenicum. When the bones are 
 affected, — Aurum. Also Ferrum and China. Pain in 
 the eyes, head troubles generally, — Bell. Slow teeth- 
 ing, scrofulous swellings, enlarged abdomen, etc., Cdlr 
 carea Carhonica. Glandular swelling, emaciation, — 
 Iod. Bilious diarrhoea, "scabby eruptions," — Iris. En- 
 larged glands, induration of the abdomen, — Mercurius 
 JBiniod. 
 
 Inflammation of the glands, worse at night, profuse 
 
SCROFULA. 69 
 
 saliva, foul taste, scrofulous affection of the eyes, foetid 
 stools, — Mer. Sol. 6. 
 
 Lung trouble and diarrhoea, — Phos. Scald head, 
 scrofulous ulcers, etc., — Silicea. 
 
 Imperfect assimilation of food, — Ferr.-Iod. 
 
 For scrofulous eruptions of the skin, swelling of the 
 joints, mucous discharges, etc., — Sulphur. 
 
 The observance of hygienic conditions is of vital im- 
 portance in these cases. Exercise in the open air, perfect 
 ventilation in sleeping rooms, and nourishing food are 
 essential, — as is also cleanliness and proper clothing. 
 
CUTANEOUS DISEASES- 
 Eczema or Scald Head. 
 
 It usually appears on the face, arms, behind the ears 
 and legs. It discharges a starchy tiuid which dries into 
 yellow scabs. The affected parts are more or less red, 
 and the patient is feverish and pale. The simple form 
 is known as "heat rash," and when this is acute, with 
 much itching at night, the best remedy is Rhus. Tox. 
 The red Eczema appears on the inside of joints — the 
 groin, thigh and wrists. The spots are bright red, and 
 there is burning pain. The scabs are a brownish color. 
 Merc- Sol. is the remedy for this variety. There is 
 another kind which discharges a mixture of pus that 
 dries into thick, greenish-yellow scabs. It occurs often- 
 est on the heads of sickly infants. For this species, and 
 when the vesicles are surrounded with red circles, Ant.- 
 Tart. is the remedy to use. For corrosive discharge, with 
 burning, — Arsenicum. With improper nutrition, scabs 
 thick over pus, stools chalky, — Calc.-Carb. With diar- 
 rhoea, much itching, and sickness, — Croton Tig. When 
 located on the head or vulva, also during convalescence, 
 — Sulphur. 
 
 '70) 
 
RINGWORM. 71 
 
 If the disorder affects the head, cut the hair short, wash 
 the scalp with Castile soap and water, and remove the 
 scabs by bran or mashed turnip poultices. Afterward 
 apply olive oil ( an ounce mixed with twenty drops of 
 01. Croton Tig. An ointment of Nitrate of Bismuth 
 thirty grs. mixed with an ounce of lard, is also good. 
 
 Cod liver oil is especially advised, given in half tea- 
 spoonful or teaspoonful doses twice a day. The diet 
 should include plenty of vegetables and uncooked food 
 like lettuce, celery, etc. The greatest cleanliness is 
 absolutely necessary. 
 
 Ringworm. 
 
 It generally appears on the head in round patches 
 which are scurfy and increase in size. It is produced 
 by a species of fungus attacking the roots of the hair ; 
 is very contagious. The hair has a nibbled appearance, 
 and is broken off close to the scalp. 
 
 Sepia is said to arrest the disease. Calc.-Carb. and 
 Sulphur are also advised. Applications of Carbolic 
 Acid or Acetic Acid to twice their bulk in water should 
 be used with camel's hair brush, the lotion remaining 
 on for half a minute or more, and afterward washed off 
 with warm water. Apply wet compress for a few hours. 
 Oleate of Mercury is a good lotion ( one part in ten of 
 olive oil ). Rub a few drops into the parts. It is rarely 
 required more than once. When the disorder attacks 
 
72 
 
 RINGWORM. 
 
 the scalp the hair should be cut close around the patch. 
 The towels, brushes, etc., of the patient should not be 
 used by any one else. Use disinfectant in the room 
 and on the brushes, combs, etc., and observe strict 
 hygienic laws. 
 
PARASITIC DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 
 Itch-— Lousiness- 
 
 Sulphur is the great remedy in these diseases. A 
 solution made of "Common soda, half-ounce ; Flowers 
 of Sulphur, half-ounce ; Water, half-pint," after steep- 
 ing for a half hour, will destroy the parasites. 
 
 First, bathe the parts thoroughly with Castile soap 
 and water, then apply the solution, and let it dry. It 
 may be left on for twelve hours, after which the sulphur 
 can be washed off with vinegar and water. 
 
 In case the patient is a very young child, dilute the 
 lotion with water before use. 
 
 For older children Sulphur Ointment kills the insect 
 and ova, producing the itch. Rub the parts with the 
 ointment, after thorough washing, leaving it on all 
 night. Use plenty of good laundry soap and tepid water 
 next morning to wash off the ointment. If this does 
 not effect a cure, repeat the operation. The under-gar- 
 ments worn by the subject should be boiled, and the 
 greatest cleanliness should be observed. Sulphur is 
 sometimes also given internally. 
 (73) 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
 Epilepsy. 
 
 This disease is most apt to attack children between 
 the ages of two and ten years. The paroxysms come 
 on usually with a scream, followed by utter loss of con- 
 sciousness. The head and neck are subjected to spas- 
 modic movements, the eyes become fixed or rolling, the 
 jaws set, the hands clenched, and there is foaming at the 
 mouth. After two or three minutes the violence of the 
 fit subsides, and is succeeded by deep sleep. These 
 seizures are sometimes heralded by dizziness, obscured 
 sight, with colored sparks before the eyes, hoarseness, 
 peculiar illusions and noises ; also by a certain charac- 
 teristic sensation passing over the body known as the 
 aura epileptic. 
 
 When this sensation is felt, snuffing the Nitrate of 
 Amyle is reputed to ward oft an attack. No remedy is 
 recommended during the paroxysm, but between the at- 
 tacks, — Calc.-Carb., Bell., and Cuprum, have met 
 with high success. The remedy ( one of the three men- 
 tioned ) to be given twice a day. 
 
 Indications. — For face red, pupils dilated, uncon- 
 sciousness, involuntary urine and stools,— Bell.; when 
 (74) 
 
PARALYSIS. 75 
 
 induced by scrofulous tendency, — Calc.-Carb. ; when 
 produced by worms, — Cinaf severe spasmodic action, 
 salivation, — Cuprum; when produced by the emotion- 
 al or psychological faculties, — Ignatia; by angry fits and 
 constipation, — Nux Vomica; by "suppressed erup- 
 tions," — Sulphur; by irritability, preceded by vomit- 
 ings and colic, — Chamomilla. 
 
 Do not throw cold water in the face during the fit, nor 
 disturb the sleep that follows. Plenty of open-air exer- 
 cise, plenty of rest, and change of scene are the best 
 accessories of cure. 
 
 Paralysis. 
 
 This disease generally attacks one of the lower limbs 
 and occurs oftenest during teething. It may come on 
 with fever and convulsions, and when such is the case 
 Bell, is indicated. "When accompanied with inflam- 
 matory action, give Aconitum. Gelseminum is given 
 when the indications for Aeon, and Bell, are combined. 
 
 For scrofulous indications, debility, mal-nutrition, — 
 Calcarea Carb. ; for paralysis of lower limbs in connec- 
 tion with constipation and indigestion,— JVax Vomica ; 
 when caused by diarrhoea or fatty degeneration, -Phos .; 
 resulting from fever, — Rhiis. Tox. 
 
 Bathing in salt water, open air exercise, local mag- 
 netic treatment or galvanism applied to the affected 
 parts are advised as additional measures. Cod-liver oil 
 is also of benefit in mam- cases. 
 
76 ST. VITUS DANCE. — RICKETS. 
 
 St. Vitus' Dance. 
 
 A disease of the nerves which produces involuntary 
 twitchings and movements of the facial muscles and 
 limbs 
 
 If produced by cold or fright, Aconitum is indicated ; 
 from worms, — Clna ; if caused by emotional depres- 
 sion, — Ignatia ; if the blood is impoverished, -Ferrum; 
 if resulting from rheumatism, — Glmicifuga. Change, 
 of air is strongly advised ; putting the patient to bed 
 for two or three days of quiet has greatly palliated the 
 disorder in many instances. 
 
 Rickets. 
 
 This is a lack of bone nutrition. The most prominent 
 symptom of the malady is a copious perspiration of the 
 neck, head and chest, and when the child falls asleep. 
 The results of the disease, if not corrected, include all 
 kinds of deformities. The bones of the legs are curved, 
 the appetite is unnatural, and food passes undigested. 
 The child is drowsy in daytime, and restless at night. 
 The head becomes flat and preternaturally square, the 
 wrist and ankle joints are enlarged, the abdomen is dis- 
 tended. 
 
 When caused by unhealthy milk from the mother, 
 Asa/, is indicated. Prolonged teething, enlarged joints 
 and abdomen, spine curvature, — Cole- Garb. Diarrhoea 
 and great prostration, with addition of above symptoms 
 — Calo. -Phosph. 
 
HEADACHE. NOSE BLEED. 77 
 
 Milky or turbid urine, fever, diarrhoea, enlarged ab- 
 domen, — Phosph.-Acid and Phosjph. 
 
 Ulcerated skin, scalp eruptions, ear discharges, — Sil- 
 icea. 
 
 /Sulphur is advisable to commence with, and also to 
 be used for a few days when a remedy has ceased to act , 
 beneficially. 
 
 The regular hygienic measures so important to health, 
 should be put in force in these cases. 
 
 Headache. 
 
 A throbbing headache, with darting pains, heaviness 
 and pressure, with congested conditions, indicate Acon- 
 itv.m. If caused by a hurt, — Arnica. With redness of 
 face, dilated eyes, pain at the base of the brain or in the 
 temples, — Bell. A sudden attack, accompanied with 
 faintness and inability to sit up, — Glonoine. For u sick 
 headache," — Iris. When accompanied with constipated 
 bowels, and worse in the morning, — Nux Vomica. 
 When worse at night, with heaviness of the head and 
 paleness, — Pulsatilla. The wet compress on the head 
 is an excellent additional measure; also protection from 
 noise, and too strong light. 
 
 Nose Bleed. 
 
 From excitement, with full, quick pulse, — Aconitum. 
 From being injured, — Arnica. Premonitory head 
 
78 EARACHE. — CATARRH. 
 
 trouble,— Bell. If the patient lias become weakened 
 from loss of blood,— China. "Red blood flowing 
 without noticeable cause,"— Millefolium. If darker, 
 and escapes with slow ooze,— Hamamelis. Cold water 
 applications, or ice to the forehead or back of the neck, 
 or holding the arms up, or pressing the finger in a 
 straight, horizontal line across the cheek, just above the 
 nostril that bleeds, are all good measures. Should 
 these fail, a piece of lint saturated with Hamamelis, 
 and pressed into the nostrils tightly, is efficacious. 
 
 Earache. 
 
 If resulting from cold, Aconitum is indicated. Ten- 
 dency to delirium, with sharp pains through the head — 
 Belladonna. Swelling inside, with acute pain behind 
 the qms— Pulsatilla. Resulting from sudden stoppage 
 of perspiration, with great sensitiveness,- -Chamomilla. 
 If the glands swell,— Mercurius. 
 
 Give Sulphur in convalescence. Hot poultices or hot 
 water fomentations, or Aconite lotion are recommended 
 as additional measures. If an insect is in the ear a 
 little olive oil will effect its removal. 
 
 Otorrhcea, or Ear Discharges, 
 
 If it is thick or bloody, give Mercurius. If a chronic 
 case, give Arsenicum. If affecting a scrofulous patient 
 and yields slowly to remedies,— Calc.-Carb. Simple 
 
DISEASES OF THE h-YES. 79 
 
 discharge, with deafness, — Pulsatilla. Country air or 
 sea air is of much benefit ; also cod-liver oil. 
 
 Deafness. 
 
 If recent, with noises in the ear,— -Pulsatilla. If 
 caused by catarrh, — Mercurius. From nervous causes, 
 — Phos. Discharge or dryness of the ear, — Calc.-Carb. 
 Buzzing noises, — Nux Vomica. 
 
 Given twice a day in chronic cases — other cases, four 
 hours apart. 
 
 Purulent Inflammation of the Eyes 
 of New-born Infants. (Oph- 
 thalmia Neonatorum.) 
 
 It generally appears a few days after birth, and is 
 caused most frequently by contact with diseased vaginal 
 discharges during birth. Other causes are, want of 
 cleanliness ; exposure of the eyes to too bright a light, 
 or too hot a fire ; contagion from another diseased 
 child ; irritation from substances with which the infant 
 is washed, immediately after birth— such as soft soap, 
 spirits, etc. Further causes are bad air, imperfect nour- 
 ishment, cold, etc. 
 
 .The eyelids are its usual point of attack ; — in some 
 cases extending to the eyeballs, which greatly endan- 
 gers the sight. 
 
 Symptoms. — Red and swollen condition of the eye- 
 
80 DISEASES OP THE EYES. 
 
 lids, which sometimes become gummed together during 
 sleep ; painful sensitiveness to light. A mucous secre- 
 tion, changing to yellow pus, follows ; there is also 
 restlessness and feverishness. It may be distinguished 
 from simple Catarrhal Ophthalmia by the purulent 
 character of the discharge. 
 
 Treatment. — Give a dose of Argentum Nitricum ev- 
 ery two or three hours. This remedy is recommended 
 as the best. A lotion of the same — one grain of the 
 salt to three ounces of distilled water — may also be 
 used. If this treatment does not prove efficacious, give 
 Mercurius Corrosivous. 
 
OPHTHALMIA. 
 
 Indications for Remedies. 
 
 For fever symptoms, give Aconitum ; in well-marked 
 cases, — Argentum Nit.; slight attacks, with sensitive- 
 ness to light, — Bell. Accessory measures are thorough 
 cleanliness, sponging the eyes frequently, oiling the lids 
 with olive oil or sweet cream, never bathing in cold 
 water — using tepid water only or tepid milk and water. 
 Keep the room well aired, with not too much light. The 
 preventive means are the mother's health previous to 
 birth. 
 
 Catarrhal Inflammation of the Eyes or 
 ( Ophthalmia Simplex. ) 
 
 Aeon., followed by Bell., will frequently arrest 
 the disorder in the first stages ; if there is fever 
 and the whites of the eyes are covered with red net- 
 work, give Aeon, y pain, swelling, redness, — Bell. ; 
 when inflamed from external injury, give Arnica ; 
 afterward, when the disease has yielded, the remedy 
 is Ilepar S. 
 
 For copious discharge, — Mercurius Cor.; in scrofulous 
 subjects, and when there are frequent relapses, — Sul- 
 phur. 
 
 (81) 
 
82 STYE. SUX STROKE. 
 
 Where there is predisposition to this disease the 
 patient should not be exposed to east or northeast 
 winds. 
 
 Stye- 
 
 The swelling commences with itching, then grows red 
 and painful. Fever and pain indicates Aconite / when 
 the stye begins to matterate,— ZZ^ar S. / when 
 Puis, follows Aeon. , if taken in time, it will frequently 
 effect a cure. Sulphur is given " during convalescence, 
 and as a preventive." 
 
 The eyes should be bathed in warm water several 
 times a day. 
 
 Sun Stroke- 
 Place the patient as soon as possible in a cool place 
 out of air currents ; remove the clothing, pour cold wa- 
 ter over the neck and shoulders until the bodily heat is 
 reduced below 102 ° ; hold Camphor to the nose and 
 give a drop of the tincture on some sugar — or a tea. 
 spoonful of brandy and water ; when the crisis has 
 passed give two or three drops of Aconite in a teaspoon 
 of water every ten minutes until the skin is cool. In 
 case of convulsions give a tepid bath to which cold 
 water or ice is added until the temperature is reduced to 
 98 ° ; give Aconite in the same way. If head symp- 
 toms are manifest, give Belladonna ; with vomiting 
 and purging, — Bryonia ; for continued convulsions, — 
 Hyoscyamus ; hot skin with no cessation of diarrhoea, — 
 
BURNS AND SCALDS. 83 
 
 Veratrum Vlride. The resulting disorders from Sun 
 Stroke are sometimes of a very serious nature. 
 
 Burns and Scalds. 
 
 If the scalded parts are held immediately to the fire, 
 it will furnish a remedy. A plaster of Castile soap, 
 scraped and mixed with water until a thick lather is 
 made, is perhaps the best remedy. The lather should 
 be spread on strips of linen or cotton cloth to the depth 
 of about a sixth of an inch. Cover the burned portion 
 entirely, keeping it moist for a time with cold water 
 dropped on top occasionally. Allow the plasters to re- 
 main until they drop off themselves. 
 
 In case matter forms underneath the plasters they 
 should be removed and the wound dressed with a salve 
 of equal parts of sweet oil, or linseed oil and limewater. 
 
 Other remedies to be applied immediately after the 
 injury, are wheat flour put on thickly, or raw cotton 
 pressed lightly over the burn so as to exclude the air. 
 
 If a burn has been produced by inhaling hot steam or 
 hot liquids, a solution of Castile soap in whiskey or al- 
 cohol, is given. Dose : Two or three drops in water 
 every five or ten minutes. The solution is made by 
 scraping soap into the alcohol, and shaking the bottle 
 thoroughly. 
 
 Another remedy is the tincture of Urtica urens or 
 stinging nettle. Prepare it in a manner similar to Ar- 
 nica — twelve drops to a pint of water. Apply exter- 
 
84 BUKNS AND SCALDS. 
 
 nally. Three drops in a teacupful of water, a teaspoonful 
 every five or ten minutes, is administered internally. 
 
 In case of ulceration, bathe the parts with a solution 
 of twelve globules of Caustic in half a teacupful of water 
 three times a day. Give Sulphur and Sllecla internally, 
 alternately every other evening. Dose : Six globules. 
 If the clothing of a child takes fire the subject should 
 be thrown upon the floor promptly and rolled over and 
 over, while at the same time it is wrapped in anything 
 woolen which may be most quickly put to use ; a cloak 
 or shawl or any piece of carpet. If burns have been 
 produced, the clothes should be removed carefully so as 
 not to pull off any loosened skin with them. Saturate 
 the burned places with olive or linseed oil, and dust a 
 thick layer of fine wheat flour over the oil ; a third layer 
 of fine cotton batting or raw cotton over the flour and 
 oil, completes the treatment. This mode is recom- 
 mended as an- improvement on the use of oil alone, or 
 flour alone. Equal parts of limewater and linseed oil 
 are advised, when it can be obtained, instead of the oil 
 alone. 
 
 A burn upon the chest is, of course, far more danger- 
 ous than on any other portion of the body. 
 
 When open fires are used, it is a good precaution to 
 dress children in flannel instead of cotton clothing, 
 thereby lessening the chances of accident. 
 
NOSE BLEED. — CHOKING. — FREEZING. 85 
 
 Nose Bleed. 
 
 Try the free use of cold water at first — bathing the 
 upper part of the nose especially. Holding a piece of 
 ice for a few minutes at a time between the eyes ; or 
 pressing the sides of the nose between the eyes, is rec- 
 ommended. 
 
 As a last resort, powdered alum blown through a 
 quill into the nostrils, is said to be effectual. 
 
 Choking. 
 
 If one or two blows with the flat of the hand, on the 
 back just below the neck, do not dislodge the choking 
 substance, the finger should be passed down the back 
 of the throat, behind the roots of the tongue where the 
 substance has lodged. By bending the finger slightly 
 in the form of a hook, the foreign particle can be re- 
 moved. But the operation requires coolness and in- 
 stinctive aptitude. When everything else had failed in a 
 case of this kind, on record, the child was held with 
 head downward and given a " smart blow" upon the 
 back. The treatment was successful, though he had be- 
 come senseless. 
 
 Frozen Limbs, and Apparent Death 
 from Freezing. 
 
 For frost-bitten members, rub with snow, or immerse 
 in the coldest water, warming it by degrees, until a 
 normal feeling has returned. In cases of insensi- 
 
86 CHILBLAINS AND CHAPS. 
 
 bility from apparent freezing to death, undress the 
 patient carefully and cover the body with snow, leav- 
 ing the mouth and nostrils free. Renew the snow 
 as it melts ; — or in case snow cannot be used, put the 
 patient in a bath of ice-cold water for ten or fifteen min- 
 utes ; afterward rub with snow, or cover the body with 
 layers of pounded ice. When the muscles relax, dry 
 the suoject carefully and place in a cold bed in a cool 
 room, rubbing the body under the bedclothes over its 
 entire surface, with the hands. Continue the rubbing 
 for hours, until signs of life appear, when small quan- 
 tities of warm, black coffee may be given. If severe 
 pains occur, give Oarb.-Veg. (twelve globules dissolved 
 in half a teacupful of water) every fifteen or twenty 
 minutes, a teaspoonful, until better. Or it may be al- 
 ternated with Arsenic, if necessary. . 
 
 The heat of fire or a stove should be avoided until 
 complete restoration. 
 
 Chilblains and Chaps. 
 
 If the pains are stinging, or there is ulceration, give 
 Agaricus. In the first stage, if the swellings are hard 
 and itching, — Arnica. If the swelling is bright red and 
 there is throbbing pain, Bell. With great itching 
 and burning, — Gantharis. If there is "livid redness," 
 worse at night, — Puis. When inflamed or blistered, — 
 Hhus Tox. If there is ulceration or excessive burning 
 pains, give Arsenicum. Use the remedies externally, 
 
DROWNING. 87 
 
 also. Never use Arnica where the chilblain is broken. 
 Glycerine, one part, and Cologne, two parts, is well 
 recommended for chapped hands and chilblains. 
 
 Soft linen rags, wet in cold water and applied to the 
 parts and then held in place by oil silk or old kid gloves, 
 is an excellent remedy. 
 
 Apparent Death from Drowning. 
 
 Do not hold the body upright, with head downward. 
 
 Nor rub the subject with salts or spirits. 
 
 Nor use tobacco in any manner as a restorative means. 
 
 Nor apply the rolling method — nor try bleeding. 
 
 Carry the patient in a raised attitude to the nearest 
 shelter, or lay the body on the dry sand, in the sun. 
 Remove the clothing and dry the body with towels ; then 
 cover it warmly in blankets in bed or embedded in the 
 hot sand. If hot bricks or hot water in bottles or any 
 warm applications can be obtained, apply them to the 
 stomach, bottoms of the feet, spine, thighs, and under 
 the arm-pits, in rapid succession — or all of these points 
 at once, if means can be procured. Place the body on 
 its side and allow the water to be emptied from the 
 mouth. Keep up a brisk and continuous rubbing of the 
 entire body with the hands. Imitate natural respiration 
 by placing the subject on his back and drawing the arms 
 steadily upward above the head and downward, about 
 "fifteen times a minute — thus expanding the chest, and 
 expelling the air. Give this treatment for an hour. 
 
88 SERPENT BITES. 
 
 Marshall Hall's mode is as follows : " Turn the body 
 on one side and then slowly on the stomach, repeating 
 the movements evenly and gently, fifteen times per 
 minute. When laid on the stomach the air is expelled 
 by pressure on the chest and abdomen ; inspiration oc- 
 curs when the body is turned back on the side. Do not 
 relax the treatment for an hour — nor give up the various 
 modes of restoration for several hours longer." 
 
 "When the patient sufficiently recovers, warm wine or 
 brandy and water may be given. 
 
 Bites of Serpents. 
 
 Jf the wound is on the limb, tie a cord or handker- 
 chief tightly around and above it, to arrest the circula- 
 tion between the poisoned portion and the heart. Let 
 the patient or some one else suck the bite, spitting out 
 the poison. No fear need be entertained of contagion 
 if the mouth and lips are not sore or abraded. Give as 
 soon as possible large quantities of brandy, whiskey, or 
 gin, until slight symptoms of intoxication are produced. 
 
 Numberless cases have been successfully treated in 
 this way. One case is cited of a child ten years old bit- 
 ten by a rattlesnake, who took three quarts of strong 
 whiskey in less than twenty-four hours before feeling the 
 first symptoms of intoxication. After a few hours of sound 
 sleep she awoke quite recovered from the effects of both 
 whiskey and poison. 
 
 For remaining symptoms, when present, such as 
 
INSECT BITES AND STINGS. »y 
 
 shooting pains from the wound toward the heart, with 
 vomiting, dizziness and fainting, and if the wound 
 assumes a bluish or swollen appearance, give Arsenic. 
 Dose: Four globules in a teaspoonful of water. If the 
 symptoms grow aggravated, repeat the dose in a half 
 hour. If symptoms remain stationary, wait for two or 
 three hours before repeating the dose. If Arsenic, has 
 no effect, Belladonna and also Senna are recommended. 
 If chronic disease results from the bite, Lachesis, 
 Phosphor. Ac, and Mercury are of most benefit. 
 
 For poisoned wounds produced by putrified animal 
 substances or diseased pus of man or animal, Arsenic, is 
 the recommended remedy. 
 
 Bites and Stings of Insects. 
 
 If the injury results from spiders, bees, bugs, or mos- 
 quitoes, make a plaster of wet or damp earth and cover 
 completely the injured part. Afterward, wet with a 
 mixture of Tincture of Arnica and water — twenty parts 
 of water to one of Arnica. 
 
 Internally, give Ledum (twelve globules dissolved in 
 water) a teaspoonful every half hour. 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 To eject the poison from the stomach as soon as pos- 
 sible by vomiting, or to neutralize its effects, are the 
 two things required in cases of poisoning. The sooner 
 this can be done the better. 
 
90 POISONS. 
 
 Tepid water drank in large quantities, or mustard and 
 water, or tickling the throat with a feather or fine straw, 
 or mustard mixed with salt, on the tongue, are used as 
 emetics. 
 
 The neutralizing agents are, White of Egg dissolved 
 in water and drank in large quantities for metallic pois- 
 ons, such as Corrosive Sublimate, Verdigris, Tin, Lead, 
 Sulphuric Acid, Mercury, Arsenic, — especially with 
 pains in the stomach and bowels. 
 
 "When the poison is unknown, give above remedy 
 when pains in the abdomen are present. 
 
 Soap (laundry soap) one part dissolved in four parts 
 of hot water, is administered in cases where the egg 
 remedy is insufficient. 
 
 For Alkaline poisons the remedies are Milk and Olive 
 Oil, or Mucilaginous drinks, such as barley, rice, linseed, 
 farina, etc. 
 
 Coffee ( strong black coffee ) drank warm is the remedy 
 for narcotic poisons — such a9 Opium, Nux Vomica, 
 Belladonna, Stramonium, etc. 
 
 The remedy for vegetable poisons of a corroding na- 
 ture is Camphor. 
 
 Sugar diluted in water antidotes both mineral and al- 
 kaline poisons, and is therefore a valuable household 
 remedy. 
 
 Vinegar, diluted in water, antidotes alkaline poisons, 
 but is injurious to give in cases of mineral poisoning. 
 
 Soiyp is injurious to give in cases of alkaline poisoning. 
 
POISONS. 91 
 
 Magnesia or Chalk powdered and mixed with water, 
 or wood ashes mixed with water, or Potash, neutralize 
 the mineral poisons of Prussic, Sulphuric, Muriatic, 
 Nitric or Phosphoric acids. 
 
 If the end of matches have been swallowed, do not 
 give oil or grease to dissolve the phosphorus. 
 
 Magnesia, Soda, or even wall plastering with plenty 
 of water, is the proper antidote. 
 
 Common Salt dissolved in water antidotes the poison 
 of Lunar Caustic. 
 
 For Lead poisoning, Epsom Salt, or Glauber Salt. 
 Poisons resulting from eating Jimsen weed or poison 
 hemlock, or other poisonous plants, should be treated 
 promptly with emetics. Mustard and salt is successful 
 in most instances. 
 
 Preventives in Contagions Poisons. 
 
 The external application of Carbolic Acid dissolved 
 in water, is given as a preventive against unwholesome 
 effects when the subject is obliged to touch or handle 
 patients with contagious diseases, or poisoned, ulcerous 
 wounds. Another remedy is to expose the poisoned 
 hands to the greatest heat that can be borne, for live or 
 ten minutes ; then wash with soap and water. 
 
 Hydrophobia. 
 
 If the patient is thrown into convulsions at once, the 
 following remedies can be given, one every hour until a 
 
92 POISONS, WOUNDS, BKUISES, ETC. 
 
 physician arrives: Bell., Zachesls, or Cantharides, Hy- 
 oscyamus, Mercury; or Stramon., Veratrum, Hydro- 
 phobine. 
 
 If a " mad stone " can be procured, and bound on the 
 wound produced by a rabid animal, it possesses the 
 power of drawing the poison from the blood through its 
 own porous substance, and is said to be quite efficacious. 
 
 The prescribed treatment, in case no physician can be 
 obtained, is as follows : 
 
 Make an excision of the wound as deeply as the loca- 
 tion will permit, then cauterize with nitrate of silver un- 
 til a large scab forms over it. This will make a running 
 ulcer which must be kept open for a long time by irritat- 
 ing ointments. The patient should take, meantime, 
 every five or seven days, a dose of Bell., or Lachesis, or 
 Hydrophobine, until the cure is completed. If a small 
 vesicle appears under the tongue in seven or eight days, 
 accompanied with symptoms of fever, lance it, and rinse 
 the mouth with salt and water. 
 
 Wounds, Bruises and Sprains. 
 
 The edges of wounds should be brought together by 
 adhesive plaster, but in case of laceration, where this 
 cannot be done, the surface of the wound should not be 
 allowed to heal before the deeper parts have adhered. 
 A wet sponge should be placed in the bottom of the 
 wound for this purpose, renewing it and cleansing the 
 
WOUNDS, BBUISES, ETC. 93 
 
 part with tepid water, once a day. The first treatment 
 for a wound, is the free use of cold water, carefully 
 cleansing it from all foreign matter. If the hemorrhage 
 is difficult to suppress, and the color of the blood is 
 bright red, compress the wound with lint dipped in ar- 
 nica water, placing a sponge over this. If this is inef- . 
 fectual, compress the artery above the wound with the 
 finger, or bind a handkerchief tightly around the limb. 
 For much loss of blood, give wine and a dose or two of 
 China. Dress the wound with lint kept wet with cold 
 water and tincture of Arnica. A few drops of this tinc- 
 ture may also be given internally. Great care should 
 be taken with wounds which are suppurating, in order to 
 keep them well cleansed. 
 
 If inflammation sets in, apply warm bread and milk 
 poultices. Give Cham., Bell., and TIepar, internally, 
 alternating them every two hours. Dose, four globules. 
 
 Give Aeon., Cham, and Bell, in same manner, if 
 fever occurs. 
 
 Calendula Tincture is recommended after Arnica, 
 where wounds are contused or lacerated. 
 
 In Sprains and Concussions, apply first Tincture of 
 Arnica and water ; afterward, Rhus in solution when 
 the tendons and joints are affected. Rhus is also used 
 to remedy " Strains." 
 
 Sprains occur most frequently with the wrist or ankle 
 joints. To rub them at once with lard, afterward keeping 
 
94 LOCKJAW. 
 
 them saturated with a cloth wet in cold water, is a good 
 method of treatment. This also applies to Bruises. 
 The lard frequently reduces the swelling immediately, 
 and also lessens the discoloration. 
 
 For small Cuts, so often occurring among children, 
 press the wound with a soft sponge or piece of old linen 
 wet in cold water, until the bleeding has ceased ; then 
 bring the edges together with adhesive plaster or court 
 plaster. Arnica plaster is also recommended. In case 
 there is any spirting from bloodvessels which have been 
 cut, the finger should be pressed over the place for some 
 minutes, or if the first time does not succeed, repeat the 
 operation. 
 
 Lockjaw. 
 
 The exciting cause of this difficulty is a wound which 
 produces violent irritation of nervous centers and con- 
 sequent pain. 
 
 Treatment. — If practicable, enlarge the wound and 
 use bread and milk poultice. 
 
 Use Arnica externally, as a wash, and internally a 
 dose of four globules or one drop every two hours. 
 
 If there is increase of spasmodic action give the same 
 dose of Hell., and Lachesis / or, in case these do not 
 avail, use Opium and Hyoscyamus in the same way. 
 
 If the patient is worse when touched or handled, give 
 Ignatia / if warmth aggravates the symptoms, give 
 Secede. If the body is contracted backward rigidly in 
 
LOCKJAW. 95 
 
 an arched manner, nse Rhus and Ignatia; or if these 
 do not prove effective, try Stramonium. 
 
 A water application is made by putting the patient in 
 a bathing tub, rubbing well and long with cold water, 
 then placing him in bed and rubbing with the hands. 
 Repeat the process in an hour or two, in case first treat- 
 ment has wrought no change. It is sometimes necessary 
 to apply a cold water douche to the spine, supplemented 
 by rubbing with the -hands. 
 
MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 Aconitum Napellus. — This remedy is given the first 
 place in our " Materia Medica " on account of its great 
 efficacy in a wide class of diseases. Its English names 
 are Wolfsbane and Monkshood. It is used in all fevers 
 and inflammations. The symptoms requiring it are — 
 Chills followed by burning fever, quick pulse, flushed 
 face, hot skin, restlessness, dry cough, high-colored 
 urine, difficult respiration, thirst, etc. Its wonderful 
 power is in its control of the circulation. 
 
 Arsenicum. For diseases indicating depression of 
 
 vital forces, violent Cholera, Diarrhcea with watery or 
 burning stools, obstinate Ulcers, Eruptive Skin Diseases, 
 Dropsy, Asthma, Bronchitis, Influenza, cold in the 
 head, the various kinds of fevers, marked by great 
 debility and thirst. 
 
 Apis Mellifica. — Stinging Eruptions with swelling, 
 hoarseness and difficult urinating, Dropsy after Scarlet 
 Fever, JSTettlerash, Erysipelas, with great oedema. 
 
 Anthnonium Tartaricum.— YoY Pneumonia, Bron- 
 chitis, Catarrhal Croup; it produces, when taken in large 
 (96) 
 
MATERIA MEDICA. 97 
 
 doses, an inflammation, catarrhal in character, affecting 
 the mucous membranes, and even the lung tissues. 
 
 It is regarded as the most important remedy in Small 
 Pox, and if taken in time, does not require support from 
 other remedies. It causes the eruptions of pustules 
 similar to Small Pox; vomiting, with nausea, cold skin 
 and prostration. 
 
 Antimonium Crudum,.— For foul eructations, tasting of 
 food, loss of appetite, flatulence, "constipation, alter- 
 nating with diarrhoea, mucous discharge of the anus, 
 secretion of tenacious mucous with much hawking for its 
 removal, milky white tongue, low digestion with drowsi- 
 ness, loss of strength, etc. It corrects that condition of 
 the digestive organs favorable to Worms." The face is 
 affected with rough blotches on the cheeks or nose. 
 
 Arnica Montana. — For Lockjaw, Spitting Blood, 
 spasmodic action arising from internal injuries, rheu- 
 matic pains resulting from too long continued bodily la- 
 bor, brain concussion, breast swelling, sore nipples, 
 fatigue, chilblains, stitch in the side, etc. ; is used imme- 
 diately after childbirth. Used externally as a Lotion, it 
 will obviate the bad results of bruises and injuries almost 
 immediately, if applied at once. Formula for Lotion is 
 as follows: Ten to twenty drops of strong tincture to 
 half a teacupful of water. Saturate cloths and apply, 
 and cover with dry cloths or oil silk. The Arnica 
 
98 MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 which is prepared for inward use should be taken at the 
 same time, and aids in the cure. A caution is advised 
 in some constitutions where Arnica lotion produces an 
 eruption like Erysipelas. Such may substitute Reuta 
 Grav. or Hamamelis Yirg. 
 
 Bryonia.— For Sciatica, Pleurisy, Pneumonia, Cold 
 on the Lungs, Lumbago, Bilious Headaches, Jaundice, 
 Rheumatic diseases when aggravated by movement, de- 
 rangements of the liver and bowels. Symptoms— Sour 
 eructations, waterbrash, heavy sensation in the stomach, 
 constipation, depressed spirits. 
 
 Belladonna. — For disorders attended with congestion 
 in the head, Inflammation of the Eyes, Sore Throat, 
 Toothache, Convulsions, Neuralgia, Delirium, Brain af- 
 fections, Scarlatina, prevents epidemic Scarlatina, and is 
 often used as a specific in that contagion. Belladonna is 
 often alternated with Aconite in inflammatory disorders 
 characterized by brain symptoms, and is regarded as of 
 great importance in these cases. 
 
 Camphor, Homoeopathic Tincture of.-" It is antidotal to 
 almost all the drastic vegetable poisons; relieves Stran- 
 gury, procures reaction from cold, congested conditions, 
 is the great anti-choleraic, and quiets nervous irritability 
 sometimes better than Coff., Ign., or Hyos. This is its 
 whole clinical value — and a great one it is— -in a nut- 
 shell." Two drops on a little loaf sugar administered 
 
MATERIA MEDICA. 99 
 
 every fifteen or twenty minutes three or four times. 
 Four drops given in the same way in Cholera every ten, 
 fifteen, or twenty minutes. Rubini's preparation is 
 strongest. It should be kept separate from all other 
 Homoeopathic remedies in consequence of its volatile 
 nature. If taken in time it will often cure Influenza. 
 
 Chamomilla. — A remedy for women and children, 
 especially in diseases affecting the nerves, the uterine 
 system, and the biliary. For Neuralgia with lacerating 
 pain, Toothache, when the pain is worse at night, difficult 
 dentition with irritability, swelling gums, incipient 
 stages of convulsions, cheeks red and hot, convulsions 
 from anger, teething or pain, Diarrhoea of children from 
 cold or teething, Catarrhal Cough of children with 
 hoarseness; it has a pronounced action on the sexual 
 system of women, as in Dysmenorrhcea, and disorders 
 attending pregnancy, and after-pains. "Also for the 
 consequences of passion, and when pain seems to be in- 
 tolerable, owing to the extreme sensitiveness of the 
 patient." 
 
 Ocmtharis. — For disorders attending the Urinary Or- 
 gans ; Strangury ; Pain of loins ; soreness in vicinity of 
 bladder. Externally, it is used in burns and scalds. 
 Ten drops of the strong tincture to a teacupful of water 
 makes requisite lotion. A pomade of this remedy is 
 used for falling: out of hair after sickness. 
 
100 MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 Calcarea Garbonica. — " For scrofulous, rickety and 
 tuberculous affections. Glandular swelling of the neck 
 and abdomen ; eruptions around the eyes and agglu- 
 tination of the lids ; difficult or delayed dentition, with 
 heat and swelling of the gums ; deafness, with snapping 
 and roaring noises in the ear, and chronic diseases of 
 ear ; chronic diarrhoea, incipient consumption of the 
 bowels, swelling of the mesenteric glands ; cough, with 
 fetid or bloody expectoration, or difficult breathing ; 
 obesity, from a lax condition of the tissues, or, on the 
 other hand, emaciation ; diseases of females when the 
 menses appear too soon or are too abundant ; sterility ; 
 leucorrhcea, chronic headache, worse in the morning, 
 from mental fatigue ; also in obstinate diseases of the 
 bones (rachitis) and skin ; best adapted to diseases of 
 women and children, and chronic ailments. 
 
 Calendula Officinalis. — {Marigold.) — For external 
 use. Teaspoonful of the pure tincture to about half 
 a teacupful of water, gives formula for lotion. For 
 bruises, cuts, wounds of the flesh and joints ; considered 
 better than Arnica, especially where erysipelas is in the 
 blood ; controls hemorrhage, and antidotes the pain of 
 wounds. 
 
 Carbo Vegetabilis. — Piles, worms ; toothache, with 
 ulcerated gums ; tendency to diarrhoea, loss of voice, 
 sensitiveness to weather changes, nettlerash when 
 
MATERIA MEDICA. 101 
 
 chronic, foetid ulcers, burning skin, flatulence, disten- 
 sion of the stomach with heartburn, oppression after 
 eating, burning in the lower bowel. Is an antidote to 
 bad results of Quinine and Mercury. 
 
 China. — (Peruvian Bark.) — Specific to periodic 
 fevers ; debility, with disposition to perspiration ; sum-» 
 mer diarrhoea, with bilious discharges or with undi- 
 gested food ; flatulence, enlarged spleen and yellow 
 skin, seminal emissions (spermatorrhoea) from sexual 
 vices and undue excitement of those organs in connec- 
 tion with weak and dyspeptic subjects ; prolonged nurs- 
 ing ; bad results of mercury, purgatives, miasmatic 
 fevers, loss of blood, broken rest, etc. 
 
 Colocynthus. — For flatulent colic, neuralgia, sciatia, 
 griping, etc. 
 
 Coffea. — Nervous sufferings of sensitive children or 
 women ; severe labor-pains or after-pains ; nervous 
 toothache, wakefulness of children; counteracts nervous 
 effects of joy. 
 
 Clw.i. —For threadworms, especially ' ' indicated by 
 picking the nose, grinding the teeth, convulsions and 
 spasms; voracious appetite, alternating with poor appe- 
 tite, itching at the seat, diarrhoetic motions, discharge 
 of worms, wetting the bed, cutting pain in the abdomen, 
 hollow cough in children;" corrective of "intestinal 
 parasites." 
 
102 MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 Gimicifuga {or Actcea) Racemosa. — For Amenorrhrea, 
 Dysmenorrhea, and Menorrhagia ; rheumatic affections 
 especially of the left side, with uterine difficulties ; crick 
 in the back, pain across the eyeballs, palpitation of the 
 heart, pain in the lumbar region, pain below the left 
 breast in females, pregnancy difficulties, and those at- 
 tending the critical age. 
 
 Cuprum. — St. Vitus' dance, cramps, convulsive 
 movements ; epilepsy, with convulsions, paleness, diz- 
 ziness and debility ; spasms, with emaciation ; cholera, 
 vomiting, sallow complexion ; pain in the bowels, with 
 prostration. 
 
 Drosera. — Whooping-cough, after the use of Ipeca- 
 cuanha and Belladonna ; spasmodic coughing, generally, 
 with vomiting, wheezing, and sense of suffocation. 
 
 Dulcamara. — If taken at once, will prevent conse- 
 quences from a cold, mucous diarrhoea, catarrh of the 
 bladder, stinging skin eruptions. 
 
 Gelseminum Sempervirens. — For hysterical excite- 
 ments, languor from weariness, neuralgic face ache and 
 muscular twitchings ; spasmodic croup when the brain 
 is affected, or Aeon, fails ; mental excitement or sleep- 
 lessness of children; to bring out eruption in scarlatina 
 when Aeon, or Bell, fails ; corrective also of remittency 
 in fevers ; weakness of sight, or double vision, with 
 
MATEPJA MEDICA. 103 
 
 heavy dizziness in the head ; palpitation of the heart, 
 nervous toothache, spasm of the glottis, wetting the bed, 
 acute muscular pain from over exertion. 
 
 Hamamelis. — "Varicose Yeins ; Hemorrhage from 
 veins, bleeding piles tendency to , hemorrhage from 
 various parts, vicarious menstruation ; Dysmenorrhea 
 from diseased ovaries ; discoloration, as from a bruise." 
 Substituted in external use for Am. when that remedy 
 does not agree with the patient ; good for chilblains ; 
 lotion made of one part of the strong tincture to four 
 of water. 
 
 Hepar Sulphur is. — Principally for ''inflammatory af- 
 fections of the windpipe and air-passages," croup, con- 
 sumptive coughs, viz.: " Scrofulous enlarged glands," 
 witli mattery discharge ; " abscesses, scaldhead, saliva- 
 tion." It is a compound of Sulphur and Calcarea, act- 
 ing on the skin and the glands. 
 
 Ipecacuanha. — /Yets, on the respiratory and digestive 
 organs. For Spasmodic Asthma, coming on at night, 
 Whooping cough in spasmodic stage, Hay fever and some 
 kinds of bronchitis. Hemorrhage from various organs, 
 with bright red blood, colic with dysenteric stools. For 
 those disorders producing nausea and vomiting. 
 
 Ignatia. — For hysteric disorders, nervous conditions 
 arising from grief, great despondency or ill humor, 
 
104 MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 convulsions from worms in infants and children. " Pro- 
 lapsus, ani," Hypochondriasis among males. 
 
 Kali Bichromioum.—For the skin and mucous mem- 
 branes, Chronic Bronchitis, Chronic Catarrh, Hoarse- 
 ness, Polypus of the nose, Catarrhal and Strumous Oph- 
 thalmia, syphilitic disorders of the eyes, chronic Dys- 
 pepsia, pustular eruptions, syphilitic ulcers of the legs, 
 face pimples. 
 
 Lycojiodium.— For Waterbrash, Scald Head, Glandu- 
 lar swellings, Scrofulous ulcers, Loss of Hair, Rheuma- 
 tism, Gravel and Stone, distension of the abdomen, 
 Chronic Constipation. 
 
 Mercurius SoluhUis.— (1. ) Glandular Afiections, Sore 
 Throat, with difficult swallowing and ulceration, profuse 
 fetid saliva, Thrush, Cancrum oris, Toothache from de- 
 cay, Jaundice, "Ophthalmia, agglutination of the eye- 
 lids, ulcers on the cornea, discharge from the ears, sore, 
 ness, deafness, Diarrhoea preceded by chilliness and with 
 green or various colored evacuations — particularly of 
 infants and children, Torpid Liver, with dull pain in 
 the right side, poor appetite, and dejected spirits, long 
 round worms, Syphilitic and Glandular Scrofulous swel- 
 lings, Syphilitic Ulcers, Gonorrhoea" ; two pronounced in- 
 dications for using this remedy are increase of symptoms 
 at night, and profuse perspirations that weaken instead 
 of relieve. 
 
MATERIA MEDICA. 105 
 
 Mercurius Corrosivus. — Syphilitic Eruptions, Gon- 
 orrhoea in first stage, Syphilitic Ophthalmia, Cirrhosis, 
 " Dysenteric Affections with tenesmus, burning pains in 
 the abdomen and discharge of bloody mucous. " 
 
 Nux Vomica. — For gastric disorders, "Constipation 
 with ineffectual desire for stool, Constipation alternating 
 with relaxation, Waterbrash, Heartburn, Flatulence, 
 Headache with giddiness," Spasmodic Asthma, dry 
 Coryza, Spasmodic Stricture from intemperance, irrita- 
 ble bladder; for pains arising from spasm in distinction 
 from inflammation, valuable in disorders resulting from 
 sedentary habits, too close brain labor, night watch- 
 ing, over-eating, alcoholic abuse; symptoms are aggra- 
 vated by mental efforts, taking food, and are worse in 
 early morning. 
 
 Opium. — It restores nervous susceptibility when in 
 lethargic states which prevent appropriate remedies 
 from taking effect. For Typhus Fever with sleepiness 
 and retention of urine, Torpor, mental and physical, 
 apoplectic conditions with slow pulse and stertorous 
 breathing, Lead Colic, Paralytic Constipation, or reten- 
 tion of urine, results of fright or violent emotions. 
 
 Pulsatilla. — Its most marked effect is on the female 
 sexual system, as in tardy or suppressed Menstrua- 
 tion, Leucorrhcea, false, delayed, or deficient labor- 
 pains, retained placenta, after-pains, deficient secretion 
 
106 MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 of milk, suppression of the lochia, used in swollen tes- 
 ticles, and other disorders attending male organs; it is 
 better adapted to persons of gentle temperament, with 
 tendency to relaxation. 
 
 It assists in Measles, Chicken Pox, Kemittent Fever, 
 and other diseases of children; in Catarrhal disorders, 
 and Sub-acute Bronchitis with mucous discharge, affec- 
 tions of the eyes, like Styes, Twitching, Agglutination, 
 and profuse lachrymation, Deafness from Catarrh or 
 Measles, Varicose veins, in Gout and Rheumatism, 
 Mucous Diarrhoea, Mucous Dyspepsia, indigestion from 
 rich food. 
 
 Phosphorus.— For Pneumonia, particularly in children, 
 Chronic Bronchitis, Hoarseness, Dry Cough, Consump- 
 tion, Chronic Diarrhoea and Hectic, Chronic inflamma- 
 tion of the stomach and bowels, Atrophy of the liver, 
 Fatty Degeneration, Malignant Jaundice, Fevers, with 
 want of reaction, weakness from loss of fluids, especially 
 from Sexual Excesses and Self-abuse. 
 
 Rhus Toxicodendron. — For Rheumatism, Sciatica, 
 Paralysis, Vesicular Erysipelas, Chicken Pox, Ring- 
 worm, Shingles, Scald Head, Lumbago, after using 
 'Aconite, Skin disorders. 
 
 It is used externally for Sprains, injured Ligaments, 
 Tendons, Joints, in Superficial Burns and Stings, Chil- 
 blains and "Warts. 
 
MATERIA MEDICA. 107 
 
 Spongia. — Of marked use in Croup, especially the 
 early stages; generally alternated with Aeon., Hoarse- 
 ness, Dry Cough, Goitre. 
 
 Silicea. — Its use lies in its action over the absorbent 
 and exhalant vessels, especially in connection with the 
 joints and tendons; in abscesses, it aids suppuration. 
 Leucorrhcea, Whitlows, Corns, Scabbed Head, Ring- 
 worm, Housemaid's Knee, Rickets, Glandular and 
 Lymphatic swellings, Scrofulous Ulcers, Gum-boil. 
 
 Sulphur. — As excessive use of this remedy produces 
 boils, it is homoeopathic to them. Its action resides 
 particularly with the skin. Itching which is relieved 
 by scratching indicates its use. For Chilblains, Whit- 
 lows, Scald Head and Scrofulous affections, Inconti- 
 nence of Urine, Strumous and Catarrhal Ophthalmia, 
 Prolapsus Uterus, Chronic Gonorrhoea, Tapeworm, Itch- 
 ing of the Anus, Chronic Constipation, Piles. Like 
 opium, it is used in arousing dormant nervous forces. 
 
 Yeratrum Viride. — " Fever with Violent Headache 
 and Brain Symptoms, Rapid Pulse and Sickness, Re- 
 mittant Fever of infants, invasive stage of Scarlatina, 
 Measles, etc., with head symptoms, Erysipelas — espec- 
 ially Vesicular; in this case external application — thirty 
 drops of strong tincture to half a pint of water — is use- 
 ful. Congestion of the Head during teething, Inflamed 
 Corns, Bunions, Pneumonia." 
 
108 MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 Veratrum Album. — Asiatic Cholera, Diarrhoea with 
 painful gripings, " Yiolent Vomiting and Purging, 
 short of that deadly collapse indicating Arsenicum, 
 Cold Sweat, Black Vomit, Convulsions attended with 
 great weakness, Vomiting during pregnancy, Autum- 
 nal Diarrhoea, Cramps in the bowels or limbs." 
 
 Antidotes. — Two drops of strong Tincture of Cham- 
 phor, or a strong infusion of Coflee antidotes an over- 
 dose of these medicines. 
 
PAKT II 
 
MANAGEMENT OF THE SICK- 
 ROOM. 
 
 An airy, well-ventilated room by night and by day is 
 of so much importance in both sickness and health that 
 it cannot be too strongly urged upon the attention of 
 those especially who have the sick in charge. 
 
 Ventilation in the sleeping apartment during sleep is 
 perhaps more necessary than at any other period of the 
 twenty-four hours, because the body during sleep acts 
 as the greatest absorbent. It also throws off' more im- 
 pure matter. Children are more sensitive to these 
 influences than adults. 
 
 The restlessness of children during sleep when there 
 is no apparent illness, is often quieted by opening the 
 window, thus allowing the fresh outside air to replace 
 the impure atmosphere of the confined room. If a fire 
 is kept in the sleeping apartment it is all the more im- 
 perative to provide a constant renewal of pure air, as 
 the oxygen which feeds the fire quickly exhausts the air 
 of its life-giving properties. The windows should be 
 lowered from the top and raised from the bottom to a 
 greater or less extent, during the entire year. This 
 
 method allows the escape of impure air at the top and 
 
 (111) 
 
112 THE SICK KOOM. 
 
 the ingress of outside air at the bottom, — a fact which 
 can be easily illustrated by holding the flame of a candle 
 in the two currents. The flame will take an outward 
 direction at the top of the window and be blown inward 
 from the bottom. The air which exhales from the lungs 
 is, of course, warmer than before it entered them, and 
 being warmer, ascends to the top of the room. If the 
 window is lowered at the top it will give this impure air 
 a chance to escape ; otherwise it must be, to a certain 
 extent, breathed over again, and derangement of health 
 follows. There are people who will go to the seaside 
 for a "change of air" and yet disregard every law of 
 hygiene in their sleeping apartments at home. If pure 
 air is so important a factor for well people to keep well, 
 it certainly is a most conspicuous agent in the recovery 
 of the sick. 
 
 Confusion and noise of all kinds should be avoided in 
 the sick room. Rustling garments or squeaking shoes 
 worn by the nurse, or even the rattle of a newspaper, 
 are all rasping to the weakened nerves. Conversation 
 should never be carried on in whispers ; it is liable to 
 e;ive the patient an impression that the illness is worse 
 than it really is. The light should be carefully regu- 
 lated,— subdued, but not excluded. Headaches and 
 fevers are often increased by the stimulus of light. But 
 in cases of wasting disease, or when the patient is con- 
 valescent, free exposure to the light is often a restorative 
 
THE SICK ROOM. 113 
 
 measure. The decision in these matters must rest with 
 the nice discrimination of the nurse. All odors should 
 be shut out from the sickroom ; no cooking over lamps 
 or otherwise should be allowed there and the remedies 
 used should also be kept in another room. Gentleness 
 of manner and cheerfulness of presence in the nurse 
 are subtle, but active agents in the recovery of the pa- 
 tient. In cases of severe illness it is extremely detri- 
 mental to permit persons to crowd around the bedside 
 of the sick, thus consuming the pure air needed by the 
 patient. The average consumption of air is about 
 twenty cubic inches at each inspiration, 300 cubic inches 
 of air, or twenty-four inches of oxygen per minute be- 
 ing required for an individual. From eight to nine per 
 cent, of oxygen is thus consumed by the lungs at each 
 inspiration. If from any cause, they are deprived of 
 this quantity of air food, the lungs lose their arterial 
 power; in other words, their power of vitalizing the 
 blood; and disastrous results follow. Hence, in critical 
 illnesses it is of serious importance not to vitiate the 
 air around the bedside of the sufferer, by using up 
 the needed oxygen, and replacing it with carbonized 
 air, which lias been expelled from the lungs of persons 
 who are gathered around. 
 
 Company in the sick room should be sparingly and 
 judiciously admitted. Sometimes a short call from a 
 dear and cheerful friend acts as a tonic upon the invalid, 
 
114 THE SICK ROOM. 
 
 and, on the other hand, a long call from a tedious and 
 melancholy person, throws the patient into a state of 
 morbid nervousness. A wise nurse will regulate these 
 matters without trouble. Hence the importance of se- 
 lecting a woman of combined gentleness and judgment 
 for that position. Few realize that an injudicious caller 
 may so excite or exhaust the strength of the patient as 
 to retard recovery to a large extent. 
 
 It is well for the nurse to gently rub the whole body 
 with the palm of the hand morning and evening, espe- 
 cially if the invalid is nervous and feverish. The mag- 
 netism and electricity of the nurse thus passes to and 
 strengthens the patient. Do not at first rub all one 
 way, but rather in circles and crossways ; when you have 
 thus thoroughly aroused the circulation, pass the hand 
 many times in downward strokes over the entire body, 
 in this way allaying nervous irritation, and quieting the 
 patient for a good rest or sleep, as the case may be. 
 This is of more practical value than many suppose; but 
 the most experienced and intelligent nurses fully appre- 
 ciate its efficacy. 
 
 If the patient has poor digestion, and there is a ten- 
 dency toward emaciation, frequent olive oil baths are 
 recommended. Rub it over the entire body, but espe- 
 cially on the stomach and bowels, and down the spine. 
 A tepid salt water bath is also beneficial. 
 
 The influence of the mind on disease is well known. 
 
THE SICK KOOM. 115 
 
 Death has been produced in innumerable instances, by 
 fear alone. In times of epidemics, the list of victims in- 
 duced by fear, numbers its thousands. An Oriental leg- 
 gend illustrates the dread power of fear acting on the 
 human mind, by a story of a traveler who sees Pesti- 
 lence entering the gates of a city, and asks its mission. 
 "To the city," replies Pestilence, "to destroy three 
 thousand lives." But when the phantom stalks outward, 
 leaving in its train thirty thousand slain, instead of three 
 the traveler asks why the destroyer has exceeded its 
 mission. Pestilence replies, "I have destroyed but 
 three thousand, fear has done the rest." 
 
 Some French physicians tried the experiment on a 
 criminal, making a pretence of bleeding him to death. 
 His eyes were bandaged, his arm punctured with a pin, 
 and a jet of tepid water fell upon his arm into a basin 
 below. The doctors, meantime, carried on a conversa- 
 tion about the operation in progress, the amount of blood 
 lost, the time which would elapse before death took 
 place, and the general symptoms present. While this 
 was taking place, the breathing of the criminal grew 
 fainter and more faint, until in a short time, he died. 
 Yet not a single drop of blood had been lost. 
 
 Grief and terror have been known to turn the hair 
 snowy white in a single night; and despair lias driven 
 many a mortal to madness or suicide. In critical cases, 
 where life seems to turn on a breath, a word, or a chance 
 
116 THE SICK ROOM. 
 
 accident, it is almost invariably fatal if the patient gives 
 up all hope. At such times the presence of a healthful, 
 magnetic person who can inspire a hopeful contagion, is 
 invaluable. 
 
 Harmony between the three departments of human 
 life — the moral, the physical, and the intellectual, or 
 the soul, the body and the mind, is the only law of per- 
 fect health, and when these are out of adjustment, the 
 wise attendant will seek by every gentle means in ac- 
 cord with Nature, to restore the balance of action. 
 
 Exercise. 
 
 Violent exercise should never be taken immediately 
 after or before a meal. After eating, the stomach is 
 busy with digestion, and before eating it should be in a 
 rested state, preparatory to j>erforming its work. The 
 violation of these rules is a fertile cause of dyspepsia. 
 Never eat immediately after a long Avalk, or any exer- 
 cise or labor which has tired you. Rest a little first, 
 thus giving the stomach time to recover from its fatigue. 
 A proper amount of exercise taken at suitable times and 
 with regularity, is a most important requirement of 
 health, and cannot be dispensed with without dragging 
 in its train a multitude of evils. The muscular action 
 of the entire body should be brought into use at least 
 twice a day, to keep its vitality undiminished, and the 
 mind clear. This can be done by a series of gentle 
 
THE SICK ROOM. 
 
 117 
 
 gymnastics, which each one can invent for herself. The 
 use of dumb bells, if not too heavy, is very good for the 
 arms ; in the absence of these, a set of upward and 
 downward movements, also backward and forward, also 
 twisting the arms, or any movement which brings the 
 muscles of the arm and shoulder into action, are all 
 recommended. Placing the hands on the hips and rais- 
 ing the body on the balls of the feet with an alter- 
 nate rocking motion, is a mode of exercise which brings 
 into play all muscles of the limbs from the hips down- 
 ward ; this will rest the body even when fatigued from 
 walking. 
 
 These sets of exercises should be practiced morning 
 and evening. To persons of sedentary pursuits they 
 are invaluable, and those who habituate themselves to 
 this mode of invigoration, know well its refreshing 
 power. Children, in their variety of recreations, find 
 a healthful adjustment between brain and body, without 
 the need of prescribed rules. 
 
 Open-air exercise is recommended for all, at all sea- 
 sons of the year. 
 
 Bathing. 
 
 Ablutions of any form, either cold or tepid, should 
 be followed by rubbing with the hands over the entire 
 body, to restore the loss of magnetic vitality, and also 
 to produce a circulatory action of the skin. Movement 
 
118 THE SICK EOOM. 
 
 exercises of the arms, lower limbs and body should be 
 taken afterwards. 
 
 Tub-baths are not, as a rule, recommendea ; or, if 
 taken, the time of remaining in the wat'T should be 
 short. Cold bathing cannot be taken by all, without 
 injurious results. If fullness of the head follows, it 
 should be abandoned, and the tepid bath substituted. 
 In winter, the room in which a bath is taken should be 
 well warmed, but not hot. The best time for bathing 
 is on arising in the morning, or two or three hours after 
 breakfast ; or at night, just before retiring. In bathing 
 at night, the sleep is more refreshing, and there is less 
 liability to take cold. Baths should never be taken im- 
 mediately after a meal. 
 
 Foods. 
 
 Beef, mutton and venison are the preferred meats for 
 invalids on account of their highly nutritive properties, 
 and also because they are easy of digestion. Poultry is 
 easily digested ; so are eggs and oysters when not 
 cooked too much. Yeal and lamb require a longer time 
 for digestion, but are rich in nutriment. Broths and 
 teas made from meats are, as a matter of course, better 
 for invalids who cannot digest the meat fiber, and yet 
 require their nourishing qualities. Bice, sago, arrow- 
 root, farina, and tapioca, are all easily digested and 
 nutritious. Baked potato is better for the stomach than 
 
THE SICK ROOM. 119 
 
 when boiled. Fruits should be taken in the morning. 
 An orange eaten every morning before breakfast is an 
 excellent corrective for the digestive system. Tea and 
 coffee are wholesome drinks for some, and injurious to 
 others. Each stomach must be its own criterion in such 
 cases, but strong tea or coffee is an injury to any stom- 
 ach. If tea is used, let it be Mack tea instead ofthe 
 poisonous compounds sold under the name of green tea. 
 Coffee is more in agreement with the stomach if taken 
 with cream alone — -without sugar. It is never allowed 
 while taking medicine, as it antidotes nearly all medi- 
 cines. Chocolate is fattening in its tendency, and is only 
 prohibited in diseases of the stomach or bowels. Gen- 
 erally, it is recommended in preference to tea or coffee. 
 Milk should be avoided by those of full habit, as it only 
 increases that condition. 
 
 The time required for the digestion of a few promi- 
 nent articles of diet is as follows : 
 
 HOURS. '!1N°. 
 
 Beef, when fresh, roasted or broiled 3 
 
 It requires an hour and a quarter longer to digest 
 old, salted and boiled beef. 
 
 Fricasseed chicken 2 45 
 
 Boiled codfish 2 
 
 Roasted cluck 4 
 
 Lamb, broiled 2 30 
 
 Beef liver, broiled 2 
 
 Mutton 2 
 
 Pork, stowed 3 
 
 When roasted itrequires 5 15 
 
 Veul, broiled 4 
 
120 THE SICK ROOM. 
 
 Venison steak, broiled 1 35 
 
 Hash (meat and vegetables) 2 30 
 
 Trout, salmon 1 
 
 Turkey 
 
 .2 25 
 
 Tripe l 
 
 Salted salmon ^ 
 
 Eggs, raw * 
 
 If soft-boiled, they require 3 hours, and if hard-boiled, 
 3 hours and 30 minutes. 
 
 Wild goose, roasted 2 30 
 
 Sweet apples 1 50 
 
 Sour apples 2 50 
 
 Boiled barley 2 
 
 Oysters, raw 2 oo 
 
 Oysters, stewed 3 30 
 
 Potatoes, roasted or baked 2 30 
 
 Potatoes, boiled 3 30 
 
 Turnips 3 30 
 
 Rice 1 
 
 Sago 1 15 
 
 Tapioca 2 
 
 Milk 2 
 
 Bread 3 30 
 
 Cheese 3 30 
 
 Butter 3 30 
 
 Raw cabbage and vinegar .' 2 
 
 Climate exercises a large influence on the classes of 
 foods required by the human system. Dwellers in tor- 
 rid latitudes need only the juicy fruits and vegetables so 
 lavishly provided by Nature in those regions. Frigid 
 climes demand heat-producing meats and oil, while the 
 temperate zones intermingle and blend the two extremes. 
 An entirely healthy stomach should regulate its own 
 choice of foods in accordance with the demands of the 
 system. If there is especial drainage on the brain 
 
THE SICK BOOM. 121 
 
 forces, phosphates should be supplied. If muscular 
 action is called forth in excess of other functions of the 
 body, food to supply muscular strength should be eaten. 
 If adipose tissue is required, food for that purpose can 
 answer the requirement ; or if too much of plethora 
 lowers the normal standard of activity and causes the 
 blood to run in sluggish currents, food of the proper 
 kind can relieve the gorged channels of their load, and 
 restore an equilibrium. 
 
INVALID COOKERY. 
 
 Every professional nurse who enters so important a 
 field of action as the care of the sick, should have at her 
 command a knowledge of invalid cookery ; for proper 
 diet often counteracts disease, and is sometimes of more 
 value than the remedies, since the action of remedies is 
 either restricted or rendered stronger by the aid of 
 dietetics. 
 
 The best modes of preparing food for invalids, and the 
 selection of the most nutritious food, is of vital import- 
 ance, as every one knows who has witnessed the effects 
 of deficient and innutritious diet among the poor. It is 
 well known that the exclusive use of certain kinds of 
 food will produce disease — as in the case of the Arctic 
 explorers who suffered with scurvy when deprived of 
 vegetable diet ; and the Banting and other systems for 
 the reduction of adipose tissue, illustrate the same line 
 of facts. Brain action is accelerated by the use of 
 phosphates in food, and athletes are carefully fed as 
 well as trained with direct reference to strengthening 
 muscular fiber. Definite rules cannot be laid down for 
 all ; but with a knowledge of the relation of food to nu- 
 triment, a judicious selection may be made. 
 (122) 
 
INVALID COOKERY. 123 
 
 Starchy foods during the process of digestion, are con- 
 verted into sugar. 
 
 Sugar, if taken in excess of the needs of the system, 
 changes into acid fermentation. When not in excess, 
 it produces fat. Fat seems to undergo little change in 
 the digestive mill, but helps the assimilation of other 
 foods. It is the best heat-producer, the most active 
 agent in filling out and giving regularity to the body. 
 It is also considered anti-scrofulous. 
 
 The above are classed as non-nitrogenous foods. 
 Bread, made of unbolted wheat flour, contains nearly 
 all the elements of nutrition. 
 
 Animal food makes flesh, and also generates heat. It 
 increases the firmness of the muscles, and acts on the 
 urinary secretion. The food obtained from animals of 
 middle age is most nutritive, and of fuller flavor than at 
 any other period ; young animal food, though more ten- 
 der, is not so easy of digestion. 
 
 Meat of a pale pink color indicates disease, or if of a 
 deep purple tint it shows that the animal has died with- 
 out being slaughtered. 
 
 Good meat is firmly elastic and has little or no odor. 
 
 Beef and mutton are principally used in fresh-meat 
 foods. Beef should not be used as an article of diet in 
 acute diseases until the patient is convalescent. How- 
 ever, in cases of Cholera Infantum and Dysentery when 
 all other remedies have been exhausted, raw beef re- 
 
124: INVALID COOKERY. 
 
 duced to a pulp and prepared with a little salt, has 
 proven efficacious. 
 
 Bacon and ham are recommended foods, as agreeing 
 with the stomach. Fat bacon in connection with nitrog- 
 enous foods is extremely nutritive. It also adds to 
 the nourishing power of peas, beans, eggs and poultry. 
 But pork, of all meats, should be well cooked^ on ac- 
 count of the possibility of parasites — which cooking 
 destroys. 
 
 Fish are better to use before the spawning season. 
 Deep-sea fish are better than those caught in shallow 
 waters. The quality of the fish depends on the kind of 
 food which the waters lie inhabits can supply. 
 
 Eggs, and their shells, contain all the necessary ele- 
 ments to maintain the human body. The yolk is richer 
 than the white, the white being largely albumen. Hard 
 boiling renders the white of an egg least digestible, 
 while it makes the yolk more easy of digestion. A raw 
 egg^ beaten into half a pint of milk, is the best mode 
 of preparing it for weak digestion, and affords thus, the 
 most nutriment. Eggs are especially recommended in 
 lung affections. 
 
 Milk also holds every element needed by the body ; 
 in chronic derangement of the stomach and bowels it is 
 considered of great value. 
 
INVALID COOKERY. 125 
 
 Foods Prepared from Meats- 
 Meats are better roasted than boiled. Mutton or mut- 
 ton broth is better suited to a weak digestion than beef. 
 Chicken broth or boiled chicken, venison and soft-boiled 
 eggs rank first as easy of digestion. After that come 
 "roast fowl, lean turkey, pigeons, etc., followed by lamb, 
 oyster and boiled white fish, except cod." Fresh meats 
 should be broiled to render them most wholesome; for 
 broiling is the same principle as roasting, applied on a 
 smaller scale. 
 
 Meat cooked in its own vapor by placing it in a 
 covered jar and putting the jar into boiling water, is a 
 wholesome form of preparing it. Salting meat removes 
 the natural fluid and renders it less nutritious. When 
 broth is required, the meat should be chopped into fine 
 pieces and soaked in cold water for a time, then slowly 
 heated to just below the boiling point and kept there for 
 half an hour or longer. 
 
 Soups, however, require long boiling of lean meat or 
 soup bones, from which all the particles of fat have been 
 removed. 
 
 Beef Tea. Cut half a pound of lean steak into small 
 pieces, and put it into a pint of cold water, in a covered 
 dish. Let it stand for several hours, and then simmer 
 for two hours. Skim off the grease before serving. 
 
 Another way is to place the covered vessel containing 
 the beef and water, in a kettle of hot water near the 
 
126 INVALID COOKERY.. 
 
 fire for several hours. Sometimes it is made by heat- 
 ing the contents slowly to a boiling point and then 
 straining it at once. 
 
 Liebig's Extract of Meat. A teaspoonful dissolved 
 in half a pint of boiling water makes a very good sub- 
 stitute for beef tea. 
 
 Beef Juice No. 2. Put the same amount of scraped 
 beef, without water, into a perfectly closed jar, and let 
 the jar cook in a kettle of hot water. The dose is one 
 or two spoonfuls. The jar should remain in hot water. 
 
 Beef Essence. A pound of lean beef cut up finely 
 and put into an earthen jar with the cover made air-tight 
 by means of flour paste around the edges, or tied closely 
 with several sheets of paper; boil this for two hours in 
 a kettle of hot water, pour off the liquid, and skim off 
 the fat when cold. Dose, a few teaspoonfuls once in every 
 two or three hours. This is excellent in restoring ex- 
 hausted forces. 
 
 Beef Pclp. This is made by scraping the surface of 
 the beef with a silver spoon until the pulp is obtained, 
 then cutting a fresh piece and repeating the operation. 
 A tablespoonful or two is an ordinary dose, or for chil- 
 dren a teaspoonful. This is sometimes made into a 
 sandwich with bread, or mixed with currant jelly. It 
 has been used with much benefit in Dyspepsia, Chronic 
 Diarrhoea and with Consumptives. 
 
INVALID COOKERY. 127 
 
 Veajl Broth. Chop the meat and bone together of 
 twelve ounces of good fresh veal. Remove the fat and 
 skin. Add enough cold water to moisten the meat, and 
 a teaspoonful of salt. Let it stand (covered) for twenty 
 minutes, then add a quart of cold water, let it come to 
 a simmering heat, and keep it there for an hour and a 
 half. Skim, and strain through a fine sieve. Add to 
 this either vegetables, or prepare a few thin slices of dry 
 toast, and pour the liquid over these in a soup dish. 
 Ten drops of lemon juice may be added in some cases. 
 
 Mctton Broth. The "scrag end of the neck" is 
 said to be the best portion of the animal to use. Take 
 half a pound of this and chop the meat and bone 
 together. Moisten with cold water and add a teaspoon- 
 ful of salt. Let it stand for three-quarters of an hour 
 in a covered dish. Then add a pint of cold water, place 
 in a stew pan on the fire, and keep it at a simmering 
 heat for an hour and a half. Then skim it and strain 
 through a fine sieve. If agreeable to the taste, it can 
 be thickened with Bermuda arrowroot. 
 
 Calf's Foot Broth. A calf's foot simmered in three 
 pints of water, with a little lemon peel added, for three 
 hours, and then boil to a pint. Strain the liquid and 
 remove the fat when cold. To a pint of this broth, add 
 (after heating) a well-beaten egg, half an ounce of but- 
 ter, some grated nutmeg and powdered sugar. These 
 should be stirred in the broth until it thickens. 
 
128 INVALID COOKERY. 
 
 Chicken Broth. Put half a pint of water on one- 
 half of a full-grown chicken (after it is prepared for 
 cooking) in a covered dish, letting it stand for twenty 
 minutes. Then add a pint of water and teaspoonful of 
 salt, and keep at simmering heat for an hour and a half. 
 Strain through a fine sieve. 
 
 Barley Soup. Put four ounces of pearl barley into 
 three pints of water, with a pound of beef bone and one 
 potato. Season with salt and pepper. Let this cook 
 gently for four hours. Then strain it and put the barley 
 back into the soup. It may then be heated if neces- 
 sary. 
 
 Sardinian Soup. To two well beaten eggs, add half 
 a teacupful of cream, an ounce of fresh butter, a little 
 pepper and salt, and enough flour to make a dough. 
 Mold the dough into small balls, fry in butter, and add 
 them to any kind of soup or broth. 
 
 Baked Soup. Put into three pints of water, a pound 
 of lean beef cut into thin slices, to which is added an 
 ounce of rice, and salt and pepper to taste. Place this 
 in a tightly covered jar and bake for four hours. 
 
 Egg Soup. The yolks of two eggs well beaten, a 
 tablespoon rounding full of butter, sugar to taste. Add 
 gradually a pint of water, heating the whole slowly and 
 stirring it while heating. When it boils, pour the liquid 
 to and from two dishes, until' it is smooth and frothy. 
 
INVALID COOKERY. 129 
 
 Lentil Soup. Mix with milk to the consistency of 
 cream, a teaspoonful of corn flour and a tablespoonful 
 of lentil flour. Pour very gradually on this three-fourths 
 of a pint of milk just taken from the boiling. The milk 
 may be made sweet or salted to suit the taste, and 
 flavored. Stir the mixture while boiling, for ten min- 
 utes. A whipped egg added afterward, is an improve- 
 ment. This is recommended as a substitute for beef tea. 
 
 Extract of Beef, Cream and Eggs. Stew two ounces 
 of pearl sago in half a pint of water until it is very thick. 
 Add a teacupful of boiling cream and the yolks of four 
 eggs. Stir this into a quart of boiling beef tea. The 
 sago should be thoroughly washed before using. This 
 preparation is especially recommended in slow conva- 
 lescence after acute disease. 
 
 Egg and Wine. Two tablespoonfuls of water, sweet- 
 ened, mixed with an egg beaten to a froth and poured 
 in a wineglassful of sherry. 
 
 Another method is to make hot, but not boiling, a 
 glass of sherry and a glass and a half of water — sweet- 
 ened, which is to be poured while stirring, on the beaten 
 egg. Set this on the fire and stir till it thickens, with- 
 out boiling. To be served with biscuit or "fingers of 
 toast." 
 
 "Lait de Poule." A French drink, made by beating 
 the yolk of an egg in half a pint of water. Add sugar 
 to taste. 
 
130 INVALID COOKERY. 
 
 Fowl and Egg. Kemove the meat from a cold roast 
 fowl and chop it finely, adding a hard boiled egg, three 
 tablespoonfuls of cream, half an ounce of butter, a 
 tablespoonful of flour, a teaspoonful of lemon juice, 
 salt and pepper to taste. Meantime put the bones and 
 skin of the fowl into a saucepan with a half pint of water 
 and a small onion. After stewing for an hour, strain it 
 and pour over the other preparation. Allow the entire 
 mixture to come to a boil and serve with toast. 
 
 Potato Surprise. The lean of mutton chop, with 
 salt and pepper, chopped finely, and put inside a potato 
 which has been " scooped " out, leaving one end as a 
 lid. It should be baked or roasted and served with hot 
 
 r 
 
 gravy. 
 
 Panada. Soak stale bread crumbs in milk for half an 
 hour, and press out the milk. Take the same quantity 
 of cold cooked chicken or beef or mutton, scraped finely. 
 Pound the meat and bread crumbs together, season, and 
 cook with veal or chicken broth. To be served on 
 mashed potato. 
 
 Stewed Oysters. Scald half a pint of oysters in 
 their own liquor. Strain the liquor, and roll the oysters 
 in flour. Put half an ounce of butter into a stew-pan 
 and enough flour to dry it up. Stir in the liquor. "When 
 it boils add two-thirds of a teacupful of cream and the 
 oysters. Season to taste. Let it simmer for only a 
 minute or two — or the oysters will harden. 
 
INVALID COOKERY. 131 
 
 Suet and Milk. Half a pint of milk and a tablespoon- 
 ful of beef suet, shredded, heated enough to thoroughly 
 melt the suet. Skim and drink before it cools. (This 
 is recommended where fat is needed, also for neuralgic 
 patients, also for falling out of the hair.) 
 
 Another way is to tie in a muslin bag an ounce of suet 
 chopped fine, and boil it in a quart of new milk. Sweeten 
 to taste. 
 
 Or the same quantity of suet may be boiled in a pint 
 of barley water with a little sugar and a quarter of an 
 ounce of gelatine. Boil for an hour, adding more water 
 to take the place of evaporation, and pour on a dozen 
 pounded sweet almonds. Then strain. 
 
 Lime Water and Milk is prepared by mixing two 
 teaspoonfuls of lime water to a tumbler half full of milk. 
 Sweeten to taste. Milk and soda water is made in the 
 same way. 
 
 Oatmeal Gruel. Stir a dessert-spoonful of line oat- 
 meal into a tablespoonful of cold water and add very 
 gradually three-quarters of a pint of boiling water. 
 Stir until it boils, and let it simmer for ten minute-. 
 Add sugar or salt and butter to taste. Boiling milk 
 may be used instead of water. 
 
 The gruel may be poured over an egg beaten up in a 
 wine glass of sherry and sweetened with a little lemon 
 peel added. Serve with dry toast. 
 
132 INVALID COOKERY. 
 
 Wheat Gruel. Boil half a pint of wheat flour in a 
 thick cotton bag or cloth for four hours. Dry it and 
 prate the roll when used. Gruels can be prepared by 
 stirring a thin paste of this into boiling milk and 
 water. Season with salt. This is recommended during 
 the period of teething. 
 
 ( )atmeal Porridge. Mix two tablespoonfuls of coarse 
 Scotch oatmeal with a teacup of cold water until it is 
 smooth. Add a pint of boiling water, stirring it while 
 boiling for forty minutes. Serve hot ; or it may be 
 eaten with milk. 
 
 Arrowroot. Two tablespoonfuls of milk and two 
 tablespoonfuls of arrowroot stirred together, the mixture 
 Mirred into half a pint of boiling milk. Add two or 
 three teaspoonfuls of powdered sugar. Let it boil for 
 three or four minutes longer. 
 
 Sago. A pint of milk and tablespoonful of sago 
 heated till it simmers, and kept so for an hour and a 
 quarter. Skim and sweeten to taste. 
 
 Carrot Pap. Into half a pint of soft water put an 
 ounce of grated carrot and let it stand twelve hours. 
 Strain and press out the juice. Thicken this with grated 
 bread or arrowroot, let it boil for a minute or two, and 
 sweeten to taste. 
 
 It is said that carrot juice and water with bread holds 
 all the nutriment needed for weaned children or invalids 
 
INVALID COOKEEY. 133 
 
 suffering from weakness. The juice should be made 
 fresh every day, and kept from fermentation. Large 
 carrots are preferred. 
 
 Oatmeal Tea. On a tablespoonful of oatmeal pour 
 a pint of boiling water, add a thin piece of lemon rind, 
 and sweeten with honey. Stir well and let it stand 
 until cool. 
 
 Barley Water. A tablespoonful of pearl barley 
 well washed. Add the juice of half a lemon and the en- 
 tire rind, also two or three lumps of sugar. Pour over 
 it a quart of boiling water and let it stand for two hours 
 or more, then strain. Orange or currant jelly may be 
 used instead of the lemon. 
 
 Gum Arabic Drink. Dissolve half an ounce of loaf 
 sugar and one ounce of gum arabic in a pint of cold 
 water. Heat this enough to dissolve the gum and stir 
 it occasionally, then add lemon peel or fruit syrup, and 
 let it cool. It is considered an excellent drink in fevers. 
 
 Malt Tea. Three ounces of malt boiled in a quart of 
 water. This, also, is excellent in fevers where the 
 mouth is dry. 
 
 Linseed Tea. To an ounce of bruised linseed and a 
 half ounce of sliced liquorice root, add two pints of 
 boiling water, and place near the fire for three hours, in 
 a tightly closed dish. Strain through some muslin and 
 add sliced lemon and sugar. Dose, one or two table- 
 
134: INVALID COOKERY. 
 
 spoonfuls. This is recommended for lung diseases, also 
 diarrhoea, dysentery, and inflammation of the bowels. 
 Rice Water. The rice should be well washed. Then 
 boil the rice and water for ten minutes, and strain off 
 the water. Add more water to the rice and repeat the 
 operation until the strength is boiled out of the rice. 
 Drink when cold. Cream is a good addition, if no fever 
 is present. Salt if desired. 
 
 Toast Water. Use stale bread, and toast it slowly 
 before the tire until it is baked through, but not burned. 
 Add a quart of boiling water and keep the dish closely 
 covered until cool. If desired, lemon peel can be used 
 to flavor it. 
 
 No. 2. One thin slice of stale bread toasted very 
 brown and hard, and put in an earthen dish containing 
 a quart of cold water. Let it stand, covered, for an 
 
 hour. 
 
 Wine Whet. A quart of new milk stirred till near 
 the boiling point, then add a quarter of a pint of sherry 
 and let it simmer for fifteen minutes. Skim oft the top 
 as it rises. Add another tablespoonful of sherry and 
 skim till the whey is clear. Sweeten to taste. 
 
 Tamarind Whey is made by stirring a couple of table- 
 spoonfuls of tamarinds into a pint of boiling milk. 
 Strain when it reaches a curd. This drink is laxative. 
 
INVALID COOKERY. 135 
 
 Other Kinds of Whey may be made by adding the 
 juice of a lemon or orange, or two sliced juicy apples, 
 or a tablespoonful of honey or vinegar to milk that is 
 near the boiling point. Strain and sweeten to taste. 
 
 Rice Milk. Boil the rice in milk, or water, until it 
 is softened, adding the milk afterward. Sugar and 
 cinnamon are good flavorings. 
 
 Sago Milk. The sago should' be soaked for an hour 
 before boiling. A tablespoonful boiled in a quart of 
 new milk. Sweeten to taste. 
 
 Milk and Meal. Dessert-spoonful of meal ^ corn or 
 arrowroot or baked flour ) mixed with a little milk. 
 Stir this in a pint of milk nearly boiling, and boil for 
 five minutes. Sweeten and flavor to the taste. 
 
 The usual combination is a dessert-spoonfnl of flour to 
 half a pint of milk. 
 
 Apple Water. Sugar and lemon peel added to juicy 
 sliced apples. Pour over this boiling water and strain 
 when cold. 
 
 White Caudle. Two large tablepoonfuls of fine oat- 
 meal mixed in water. Let it stand two hours. Strain 
 it and boil, adding wine, sugar and seasoning to taste. 
 Lemon juice or nutmeg is considered the best. 
 
 Fruit Cream. Put the fruit in a jar, with two table- 
 spoonfuls of water, and sugar to taste. Heat the jar in 
 
136 INVALID COOKERY. 
 
 a kettle of boiling water until the fruit is soft enough to 
 mash into a pulp. Strain through a colander. Add a 
 pint of cream to every pint of fruit pulp. Apples, rhu- 
 arb, gooseberries, or any fruit may be used. 
 
 Cream for Stewed Fruit. Boil in three gills of 
 water an ounce and a half of isinglass to a pint. After 
 straining it and adding sugar to taste, add a glass of 
 sherry and half a pint of cream. Stir till cold. 
 
 Egg Nog. Yolks of two eggs and half an ounce of 
 sugar rubbed well together. Add four ounces of cinna- 
 mon water and same quantity of best French brandy. 
 
 Linseed Lemonade. Pour a quart of boiling water on 
 four tablespoonfuls of whole linseed and the juice of two 
 lemons. Steep in a covered dish for three hours. Add 
 sugar as desired. It can be thinned with cold water and 
 lemon juice. 2 his is excellent for colds. 
 
 Lemonade. Cut the lemon into slices, add sugar to 
 taste, and pour over it a pint of boiling water. Keep it 
 in a covered dish until cool. This mode of preparing it 
 is recommended to allay thirst and throat irritations. 
 
 To maef: Cocoa from JStbs. Soak a teacupful over 
 night in a quart of water. Boil for two hours and strain. 
 Use with boiling milk. It is better to use a double 
 boiler. 
 
 Jelly "Water. Dessert-spoonful of blackberry jelly 
 
INVALID COOKERY. 137 
 
 in a tumbler of ice water, well beaten. Good for fever 
 or stomach troubles. 
 
 Bread Jelly. Cut a loaf into thin slices and toast 
 them very hard. Add three pints of water, and boil 
 very slowly. Strain carefully, and sweeten to taste. It 
 is recommended for infants. 
 
 Pearl Barley Jelly. The water in which pearl bar- 
 ley has been boiled for six hoars, strained, makes a very 
 nourishing jelly when cool. It is used dissolved in 
 warm miik. 
 
 Orange and Wine Jelly. Soak in a pint of cold water 
 a small package of gelatine for an hour or more. Add a 
 pound and a half of sugar, the juice of four oranges and 
 their grated rinds, and three pints of boiling water. 
 Stir until well dissolved, strain through a cloth, and set 
 it to cool. Sherry or other wine may be added instead 
 of the oranges. 
 
 Arrowroot Jelly. Bermuda arrowroot, two teaspoon- 
 fuls, same quantity of sugar and one teaspoonful of lemon 
 juice. Make a paste of the arrowroot in a little cold 
 water and stir this into a cup of boiling water, with the 
 sugar added. Stir until clear. Pour into a wet cup. To be 
 served when cold with sugar and cream. 
 
 Invalid's Jelly. A pound of lean beef, twelve 
 shanks of mutton, an onion, a crust of toasted bread, 
 pepper and salt, and a bunch of sweet herbs put into 
 
138 INVALID COOKERY. 
 
 three quarts of water, and simmered for five hours. 
 Strain and remove the fat when cold. 
 
 Chicken Jelly. Pound together, bones and all, half 
 of an uncooked chicken. Cover with cold water and 
 heat in a closed dish very slowly until the meat is "in 
 rags," and the water half reduced. Strain through a 
 coarse cloth. Season to taste. Let it simmer five min- 
 utes longer. Skim when cool. 
 
 Tapioca Jelly. Soak the tapioca for several hours 
 in cold water, then cook until perfectly clear. Sweeten 
 as desired, and flavor with lemon, vanilla or wine. Serve 
 cold witli cream. 
 
 Iceland Moss Jelly. One quart of boiling water, a 
 handful of moss well washed, glass of wine, juice of two 
 lemons, cinnamon one-fourth teaspoonful. Soak the moss 
 in cold water for an hour. Stir the mixture into the 
 boiling water, and let it simmer till dissolved. Sweeten 
 and flavor to taste. Strain into cups. This is consid- 
 ered very nourishing, and is recommended for colds. 
 
 Nourishing Coffee. Put a heaping tablespoonful of 
 freshly ground coffee into a pint of fresh milk nearly 
 boiling. Boil three minutes. Let it settle a few 
 minutes and pour it upon a well beaten egg. A little 
 isinglass dissolved in water can be added to this, if 
 desired. 
 
INVALID COOKERY. 139 
 
 Milk Punch. A teaspoonful of brandy and same 
 quantity of loaf sugar added to a gill of milk. 
 
 Bolled Rice. A teacupful of rice into half a cupful 
 of water, covered and cooked an hour, without stirring. 
 Salt to taste. Add butter, or it may be eaten in other 
 ways, if desired. 
 
 Rice Cream. Boil together for five minutes, a quar- 
 ter of a pound of ground rice, a pint of milk, lump of 
 butter the size of a walnut, tablespoonful of sugar, and 
 lemon peel. Add half an ounce of dissolved isinglass 
 and let it cool ; then add half a pint of cream beaten to 
 a froth, and set on ice. Serve with stewed fruit poured 
 around it. 
 
 Egg Pudding. Coffee-cupful of milk, one egg, tea- 
 spoonful of flour, beaten together. Put the mixture in 
 a basin, tie with a cloth, and boil for twenty minutes. 
 Serve with milk, gravy, or butter and sugar. 
 
 Pearl Barley. Boil for four hours, tied loosely ima 
 cloth. Add only enough water to supply evaporation. 
 Serve with milk, or butter, or preserves. 
 
 Another way is to put the barley and water in a cov- 
 ered stone jar in the oven and boil slowly until the barley 
 is very tender. 
 
 Toast should be of medium thickness, evenly browned 
 and toasted entirely through. This requires the toasting 
 to be done slowly. 
 
140 INVALID COOKERY. 
 
 Bread Pudding. The Westminster Hospital recipe 
 for bread pudding is as follows : ' ' Bread one-fourth 
 pound; milk, one-fourth pint ; sugar, one-fourth ounce; 
 flour, one-fourth ounce; one egg for every two pounds." 
 Stale sponge cakes or rusks may be used in place of the 
 bread. 
 
 No. 2. A stale loaf boiled, salted, and eaten with 
 butter, is a wholesome change. 
 
 No. 3. A pint of boiling milk poured on a French 
 roll and covered tightly until the milk is soaked up. 
 Tie in a cloth and boil for fifteen minutes. Sprinkle 
 with sugar when taken out. 
 
 Bread Crumb Pudding. Roll some bread that has 
 been made thoroughly dry in the oven, into a fine dust. 
 Add three tablespoonfuls of new milk and a dessert- 
 spoonful of powdered sugar beaten up with an egg. Boil 
 for a half hour in a buttered basin tied over with a 
 cloth. 
 
 Macaroni Pudding. Soak three ounces of macaroni 
 in cold water for forty minutes; mash, and add a pint of 
 boiling milk. Let it simmer for a half hour. Add two 
 egg beaten with dessert-spoonful of sugar. Flavor with 
 lemon. 
 
 Ground Rice Pudding. Two tablespoonfuls of ground 
 rice mixed with three of milk. Stir this into half a pint 
 of boiling milk, sweetened. Cook for twelve minutes, 
 
INVALID COOKERY. 141 
 
 stirring it. Allow it to get cold and add the yolks of 
 three well beaten eggs, also the whites, after having 
 been beaten to a froth. Pour in a buttered dish, and 
 bake for twenty minutes. It requires a quick oven. 
 
 Macaroni. In half a pint of milk and good beef 
 gravy (equal quantities of each) boil two ounces well 
 washed macaroni, until tender. After draining, the 
 macaroni should be placed in a hot dish by the fire. 
 Beat together half an ounce of butter, two tablespoon- 
 fuls of the macaroni liquor the same amount of cream 
 and the yolk of an egg, heated enough to thicken with- 
 out boiling. Pour this over the macaroni. Sometimes 
 finely grated cheese strewn over the whole, is added. 
 Sometimes good gravy is used. 
 
LESSONS IN MORAL TRAINING-. 
 Ante-natal Impressions. 
 
 The education of the child should begin — not at birth 
 — but from the moment of conception. The power 
 wielded by the mother over her child in its ante-natal 
 education is almost measureless. In this way crimi- 
 nals are made. In this way noble men are moulded, of 
 indestructible character. In this way poets, painters, 
 musicians, orators and the great men of the world have 
 their rise. Looked at in this light the mission oi the 
 mother is almost superhuman. She holds in her wo- 
 man's hands the destinies of nations — of the world. 
 Napoleons and Washingtons are not born by accident. 
 Such types of greatness could not be produced without 
 greatness in the mother-soul that brooded over them. 
 It is of more importance to teach the young girl just 
 standing on the threshold of womanhood, how properly 
 to become a mother than to create empires. She should 
 know how, at that important time, to draw within her- 
 self the highest aspirations, the noblest purposes, the 
 truest aims in life. The result would be a race of men 
 
 — not knaves or clods, and of women — not society dolls. 
 (142) 
 
MORAL TRAINING. 143 
 
 The pillars of state have their foundation here. If those 
 who stand on the political rostrum to-day, preaching an 
 ideal republic, would sound the key-note of the future, 
 it is that the mothers of to-day are the true builders of 
 that enchanted future. They are the mighty power 
 which will decide whether the republic is to be peopled 
 with citizens, patriots, heroes, or handed down to an 
 enfeebled and decaying race. Schools of all sorts are 
 springing into existence : Cooking schools, kindergar- 
 tens, training-schools for nurses, schools for the study 
 of Hindoo and Asiatic literature, for Scandinavian art, 
 and the exploration of every corner of the world ; but 
 the school having the highest mission for its goal — that 
 of the instruction of future mothers in the science of 
 creating the moral and intellectual character of their 
 children — this school has yet to be inaugurated. 
 
 Is there no sublime soul who will now step forward 
 and be a pioneer in this Science of Life ? 
 
 A few illustrations of these hidden potencies are here 
 given : 
 
 A lady of wealth and position, whose desire had been 
 attracted by the first strawberries of the season dis- 
 played on a grocer's stand, not having her purse at 
 hand, committed a theft of the tempting fruit. In- 
 stantly, the guilt of the act rushed over her. Her sense 
 of being a thief became intense — burning into her very 
 soul. The beautiful daughter thus indelibly im- 
 
144 MORAL TRAINING. 
 
 pressed before birth, was ever afterward afflicted with 
 kleptomania, notwithstanding the unceasing efforts 
 made from childhood to womanhood to erase the result 
 of that one act. She was otherwise of noble character. 
 But this fatal inheritance shadowed her whole life. 
 She even felt herself compelled to break a marriage en- 
 gagement with a man she loved on account of it, prefer- 
 ring to live a lonely life rather than forfeit the respect 
 which she felt she would lose when he discovered it. 
 
 Another instance is of a mother who gave way to a 
 lit of violent passion. It was the violence of the passion 
 which stamped its lasting impress upon the nature of the 
 boy who was afterward born. He was never able to 
 overcome it. When arrived at manhood he committed 
 murder during one of these fits, and died on the gallows. 
 The mother lived to see the latest result of that fit of 
 passion. 
 
 Yet another instance is of a mother who was left 
 widowed, with three young children dependent on her 
 earnings for their support, and the prospect of an ad- 
 ditional child to increase her cares. She lamented this 
 condition of affairs to a friend. The friend inspired her 
 with exalted counsel. She told the mother that if she 
 cherished right feelings toward that unborn child, 
 giving it welcome when it came, and performing her 
 duty bravely and cheerfully, it could not be possible 
 that the child would be other than one in strong sym- 
 
MORAL TRAINING. 145 
 
 pathy with her, and the support and comfort of her old 
 age. The advice made a deep impression, and was acted 
 upon with a kind of inspiration. The child proved to 
 be a boy of noble qualities. Between this boy and his 
 mother there existed a wonderful sympathy. While 
 he was still very young, the mother one day told him 
 the history of her struggles — of what she had gone 
 through for his sake, how she had toiled, and how her 
 heart had almost fainted within her during the weary 
 conflict. 
 
 The recital affected him deeply. He replied with 
 boyish enthusiasm that every comfort of which she 
 had been deprived in the past, he would give back to her 
 in double measure ; and that it should become the con- 
 stant aim of his future to repay the labor and love she 
 had expended on him. He seemed thenceforward trans- 
 fused with this thought, and when he grew to manhood 
 and acquired wealth, he did not forget his promise. 
 Everything that money could buy or affection prompt, 
 was lavished upon that idolized mother. She was eV*r 
 his first thought, his joy, and pride. He studied her 
 pleasure in everything, took her with him on delightful 
 travels, placed her in a home of luxury, and taught his 
 children to reverence her. Thus in the 'happiness of 
 her later life she had her reward for the clouds of tne 
 morning. Instead of staining her soul with the crime 
 imputed to American women, she found its richest 
 
146 MORAL TRAINING. 
 
 blessing in accepting the burden placed upon her. The 
 beautiful law of compensation crowned her as harvest 
 crowns the seed-time with full returns of the kind of 
 seed planted. 
 
 But the health of the father at the time of conception 
 also makes a deep impression upon the child. The fu- 
 ture oak bears the imprint of the germ from which it 
 sprang. Consumptive fathers cannot expect to have 
 children untainted with tuberculosis. Fathers who are 
 poisoned by the virus of alcoholic excesses or the nico- 
 tine of tobacco cannot produce healthy germs, and the 
 future boy and girl whose existence is begun in these 
 elements, must to a greater or less extent show in their 
 bodies or minds or both, the taint of the germ. The 
 ebneties of the parent often become the insanity of the 
 child, and insanity is but a stage in the descent toward 
 idiocy. By the law of heredity, it only takes three 
 generations of this excess to produce idiocy or lunacy 
 in the children, and in the fourth generation there is 
 total extinction. For it is a well established fact in 
 science that there is no more fertile cause of predispo- 
 sition to physical and mental degeneration in the next 
 o-eneration than alcoholic excesses. Thus nature is 
 
 o 
 
 ever striving toward a survival of the fittest — cutting 
 off the dead leaves and making the living ones 
 respond to fuller life. 
 Husbands need to be taught that from the time of 
 
MORAL TRAINING. 147 
 
 conception, the wife who is to become a mother, should 
 be treated as tenderly as a babe. Every safeguard 
 should be thrown around her ; every reasonable care 
 be lavished upon her ; so that the even channels of the 
 new life interwoven within her own, be not roughly 
 broken or changed in their course. When love and wis- 
 dom guard the gates of life, the fruit of the tree of life 
 will by and by become perfect fruit. 
 
 As the Twig is Bent the Tree is Inclined. 
 
 Having cast the plastic wax of the infant human being 
 into the proper moral and mental mould, during its 
 ante-natal life, the mother has achieved the grand result 
 of having now placed at her disposal good material with 
 which to work, — material which is henceforth, to a large 
 extent, hers to make or mar. The advantage thus far 
 gained is immense. There is no deformity to correct, no 
 strongly-marked fault to eradicate, no hereditary taint 
 to cure. But it is now her duty to see that she does not 
 make deformity, that from the time of birth onward, 
 every effort is exerted toward a harmonious develop- 
 ment of character in the infant soul intrusted to her 
 keeping. A young sapling may be ever so perfect in 
 and of itself, but if it be constantly bent in the wrong 
 direction, it will, by and by, grow into a crooked tree. 
 Along the eastern shore of Lake Erie, some years ago, 
 there stood an orchard with every tree slanting toward 
 
148 MORAL TRAINING. 
 
 the east. This effect was produced by the west winds 
 constantly blowing across the lake. A like result begun 
 at birth, may be wrought on the infant child if the 
 mother fails to take it under wise guardianship. Con- 
 tinuous influence flowing from one direction is like the 
 wind from one quarter— it causes a displacement from 
 equilibrium in the objects which it affects. The winds 
 of daily influence, unless blowing in the right direction, 
 will warp the tender human twig from its fair propor- 
 tions. Begin at once with regularity in eating, sleeping, 
 the bath, and the daily routine of infant life. Establish 
 the supremacy of correct habits. They will become 
 golden chains of anchorage for its future, instead of 
 permitting the little barque to drift at the mercy of every 
 caprice of wind and tide. It is so much easier to begin 
 with systematic regularity in the care of an infant than 
 to wait for a fancied favorable opportunity later. The ■ 
 most favorable time that can possibly occur is at the 
 outset. The stepping-stones to health are not only thus 
 secured for the child, but the comfort of those who have 
 it in charge. Infants are responsive to imperceptible 
 influences to a much greater degree than would be sup- 
 posed. They are irritated by the fretfulness of the 
 mother, and soothed by the genial warmth of good na- 
 ture. They smile back at her before they can know the 
 meaning of a smile, and intuitively shrink from tones of 
 harshness and anger. It is a fact well known to science 
 
MOKAL TKAINING. 149 
 
 that the milk of a nursing mother when given immedi- 
 ately after violent anger, has produced the illness and 
 death of her child. So the friction of an irritated and 
 ungentle soul-atmosphere chafing against the child, pro- 
 duces similar unwholesome effects. A mother cannot 
 expect an infant to be tractable and quiet if it is con- 
 stantly surrounded with her own disturbed and fretted 
 condition of soul. Serene waters reflect unbroken im- 
 ages. Disturb that serenity and the reflection is fdso 
 broken. Sweet temper is especially contagious between 
 mother and infant. Who has not noted the magical 
 effect on a crying and fretting babe of transferring it to 
 the arms of some quiet, strong, good-natured, magnetic 
 person whose atmosphere at once soothed it to restful 
 sleep? Thus Nature is ever showing what is needed, 
 and her suggestions if acted on, are the highest wisdom. 
 Few realize the importance of a gentle firmness in their 
 ministrations upon infants, or of that unspoken sym- 
 pathy which is as truly necessary for their health as other 
 laws of hygiene. 
 
 Mothers sometimes so far forget themselves as to ap- 
 proach a child with frowns or a harshly spoken word. 
 How quickly the sensitive lips quiver, and the wounded 
 feelings break forth in sobs ! Even very young infants 
 will wear the expression of the nurse, from its constant 
 reflection upon themselves, so that what seems so slight 
 a matter as expression of countenance, becomes a con- 
 
150 MORAL TRAINING. 
 
 tagion. A happy tempered nurse will generally produce 
 an equally happy temper in her nursling, for infants are 
 never fretful unless there is some good reason for it. 
 
 Never force the brain of an infant to premature action 
 by trying to attract its attention to external objects dur- 
 ing the first weeks of its life. It produces a strain on 
 the nervous system, and even causes indigestion. What 
 it needs most is rest. The faculties will waken of them- 
 selves and demand your attention soon enough, without 
 forcing. 
 
 Do not allow a child to learn that it may obtain what 
 it wishes by crying for it ; lead it in a happier way. If 
 mothers would bestow more thought on these subjects — 
 subjects which most nearly concern the real welfare of 
 the child — and less on the embroideries and tucks in the 
 little wardrobe, a better era of infancy and childhood 
 would bj inaugurated, and a vast amount of misdirected 
 energy be returned to its proper channels. 
 
 During the period of emergence from infancy to child- 
 hood, perhaps the most watchful care is needed when 
 the ehild has reached the age of three or four years. 
 The two extremes to be avoided are over-indulgence and 
 over-severity. Children are happier when governed with 
 a kind and steady hand than when indulged in the grati- 
 fication of every unreasonable whim. 
 
 Not to be restrained from selfishness and anger, and 
 a lack of affectionate consideration for others, when these 
 
MORAL TRAINING. 151 
 
 traits manifest themselves, is to allow the weeds to grow 
 and over-run the sweet flowers in the garden of char- 
 acter. Be ever firm, but be kind in that firmness. 
 Never correct a child in anger. Gentleness is far 
 more emphatic than any anger. Even the brute crea- 
 tion are controlled by the law of kindness when blind, 
 unreasoning force fails. Rarey, the famous horse- 
 tamer, does not use the whip. His first principle is to 
 teach the horse that he is a friend. Example preaches 
 with more power than precept, and the anger of the 
 parent counteracts the reproof given in anger. No one 
 can be a fit person to control a child that has not first 
 learned self-control. On the other hand, over-severity 
 makes a prisoner of all the free and innocent inclina- 
 tions of childhood, thwarting every glad desire, repress- 
 ing all the graces and exuberance of childish character, 
 until the spirit either becomes broken, or ends by an 
 open rebellion to the oppression. Harshness spoils with 
 a more cruel hand than over-indulgence. The opinion 
 of the Archbishop Whately on this subject is as follows:— 
 1 ' Most carefully should we avoid the error which some 
 parents, not otherwise deficient in good sense, commit 
 of imposing gratuitous restrictions and privations, and 
 purposely inflicting needless disappointments, for the 
 purpose of inuring children to the pains and troubles 
 they will meet with in after life. Yes; be assured they 
 will meet with quite enough, in every portion of life, in- 
 
152 MORAL TRAINING. 
 
 eluding childhood, without your strewing their path 
 with thorns of your own providing. And often enough 
 you will have to limit their amusements for the sake of 
 useful study, to restrain their appetites for the sake of 
 health, to chastise them for faults, and in various ways 
 to inflict pain or privations for the sake of avoiding 
 some greater evils. Let this always be explained to 
 them whenever it is possible to do so ; and endeavor in 
 all cases to make them look on the parent as never the 
 voluntary giver of anything but good. 
 
 ' ' To any hardships which they are convinced you in- 
 flict reluctantly, and to those which occur through the 
 dispensation of the All- wise, they will more easily be 
 trained to submit with a good grace, than to any gra- 
 tuitous sufferings devised for them by fallible man. 
 To raise hopes on purpose, to produce disappointment, 
 to give provocation merely to exercise the temper, and 
 in short, to inflict pain of any kind merely as a training 
 for patience and fortitude — this is a kind of discipline 
 which man should not presume to attempt. If such 
 trials prove a discipline, not so much of cheerful fortitude 
 as of resentful aversion and suspicious distrust of the 
 parent as a capricious tyrant, you will have only your- 
 self to thank for the result." 
 
 All training should be conducted in accord with natural 
 laws, and with entire freedom from needless restraint. 
 The most valuable lessons are those taught without any 
 
MORAL TRAINING. 153 
 
 appearance of lesson-giving. A wise education, begun 
 at birth, and made continuous, gentle and emphatic, is 
 like the chisel of the sculptor hewing little by little the 
 unformed block of marble into lines of noble beauty. 
 Encourage the happy joyousness of disposition natural 
 to childhood. An atmosphere of constant repression at 
 home is sure to destroy the chief value of home influ- 
 ence. Be to the child what the sunshine is to the open- 
 ing flower — a loving light which develops and expands 
 it into the symmetry of a pure and unbiased nature. 
 Pervade the young life with that fostering warmth of 
 gentleness which can only flow from yourself. It will 
 be easy thus to inspire it with noble feelings, with gen- 
 erosity, with self-denial. Never worry a child by ex- 
 cessive and over-careful management. Overlook trivial 
 shortcomings, — abolish law, or the appearance of law. 
 Let it revel in an absolute sense of freedom, feeling 
 only the restraints of affection. The old lady gave 
 excellent advice when in reply to a young mother who 
 anxiously asked what could be done in the case of an 
 already too much managed child, she said "I recom- 
 mend, my dear, a little wholesome neglect. " 
 
 A too early forcing of the brain-power in children is 
 detrimental to both body and mind. The precocious 
 brain loses its recuperative ability from premature and 
 violent exercise, and its brilliant elasticity falls into a 
 state of collapse. It should be allowed to gather en- 
 ergj' slowly, at restful stages, until the body has reached 
 
154 MORAL TRAINING. 
 
 a period of affording it more solid foundation. The 
 child should not be subjected to the discipline of the 
 schools previous to the age of six or seven years. Be- 
 fore this time very simple modes of instruction — by 
 pictures or a few toys — may be used. But the attention 
 should never be held, to weariness. Very gradually 
 and gently indeed, should the young and expanding in- 
 tellect be conducted into the mazy outer labyrinths of 
 learning. 
 
 The precocious child often reaches a dead level of re- 
 action where he pauses, while those who lagged behind 
 him at the outset, pass onward with easy progress. 
 " Late springs produce the most abundant harvests." 
 What seems, in some cases, dullness in childhood, is 
 simply conservation of energy which later in life pro- 
 duces results that the precocious intellect would have 
 found impossible. The record of Horace Greeley affords 
 an example of this principle. Fowler, the phrenologist 
 in one of his lectures, once made an examination of two 
 heads which he likened to the Fall and Winter apple. 
 One was that of a precocious boy. The other had not 
 yet been discovered to be remarkable. " This brain," 
 he said, speaking of the first, " will soon give out. It 
 ripens early, with the hectic of decay. It is like the 
 Fall apple. While this brain " — speaking of the second 
 — "is gathering energy for future ripeness and solidity. 
 It is like the Winter apple. It develops slowly, but 
 
MORAL TRAINING. 155 
 
 long after the Fall apple is gone, it will afford the solid 
 fruit of the later season of life." Parents who pursue 
 the unwise course of forcing the minds of their children 
 into too early development, may expect those children 
 to reap the consequences in early decay or disorders of 
 the nerve centers which cause ill health and premature 
 death. A happy equilibrium between brain and body 
 is the only condition of health. With whatever spas- 
 modic brilliance some intellects may burn under the 
 lurid fires of disease, it is certain the light they emit 
 would be brighter and exert a more wholesome effect, 
 if health instead of hectic pervaded the brain tissues. 
 
 Habits of observing with accuracy whatever enlists 
 the attention — that is, of becoming truthful observers, 
 or truth-tellers, and of inquiring into what lies beneath 
 the surface of things — the great natural laws — word- 
 roots and meanings— the inward reasons for the outward 
 expression — these currents of thought may be gently di- 
 rected with vast advantage to the child. If there is any 
 particular bias to the mind toward one pursuit in pre- 
 ference to another, encourage it, but not at the expense 
 of* neglecting all the other faculties. Constantly re- 
 member that equilibrium is the most beautiful law of 
 development. Cultivate symmetry by strengthening the 
 weaker traits and using a gentle repression toward 
 rampant tendencies, that would otherwise overshadow 
 the beauty of character. Let the most of labor be in 
 
156 
 
 MORAL TRAINING. 
 
 what is loved, iustead of producing an over-friction by 
 work that is disliked. 
 
 Further on in school life, the pupil should not be bur- 
 dened with too many studies at one time. A few — two 
 or three — branches of study well learned are of greater 
 use than a larger list which can only receive attention 
 from exhausted energies. 
 
 A real religious feeling cannot be fostered too early 
 in childhood. " Not the canting religion of dreary Sun- 
 days, of assuming solemn looks, of text quoting, or of 
 uttering long prayers before men, but rather the religion 
 of the head and heart ; that true faith which aids a 
 man to do his duty to his God, his neighbor, and him- 
 self." Instil a hatred of "hypocrisy and artifice; a 
 love of sincerity and earnestness ; of being straightfor- 
 ward and honest at any sacrifice ; teach children to de- 
 test wickedness in any shape, but especially, in the edu- 
 cated, and when practiced under a cloak of religion." 
 
 The remembered prayer lisped at the mother's knee, 
 has proven a powerful magnet for good in many a son's 
 later life, often making a turning point in that life's 
 career. 
 
 Provide plentiful amusement and healthful recreation. 
 The word is indeed what it implies— re-creation. Open 
 air sports should be encouraged to the largest reason- 
 able limit. , Frequent renewals of force — allowing the 
 body to throw off the effete particles of matter, 
 
MORAL TRAINING. 157 
 
 and take on new, — is the surest elixir of youth and pro- 
 longed life. Open-air exercise gives the purest supply 
 of this life-force. "No error can be more ridiculous 
 than that of attempting to force the young to shun inno- 
 cent recreations, for fear of making them too fond of 
 pleasure." A wise interblending of pleasure and labor, 
 gives the greatest pleasure. Pleasure in excess, as a 
 pursuit, palls on the taste, like too much sweet ; but as 
 a twin sister of work, she is a high priestess of health 
 and happiness. 
 
 As years crowd upon the child — as boyhood and girl- 
 hood succeed childhood, and the mind and body 
 strengthen in happy unison, a stronger mind- diet must 
 gradually be substituted for the simpler food of earlier 
 years. Seek to strengthen the entire group of mental 
 faculties, — the memory, the reasoning powers, and in- 
 stil a worthy ambition to excel. Build up a beautiful 
 soul-fabric within the bodily temple. Teach ■' truthful- 
 ness, patience, contentment, self-denial, charity, forti- 
 tude — and the power of bearing and forbearing." Pro- 
 vide the best books for their hours of silent companion- 
 ship, — those which lead by suggestion, which stimulate 
 to noble living by the best models— such as "teach 
 men to excel by lifting up themselves and not by de- 
 preciating others ; such as inculcate pure principles of 
 action and horror of cunning, selfishness and irreligion." 
 Men may be known by the company they keep with 
 
158 MORAL TRAINING. 
 
 books as well as with their fellows, and the influence 
 exerted by them for good or evil is quite as potent. 
 
 Home Influence. 
 
 When Napoleon one day asked Madam Campan what 
 was needed to train young people properly in France, 
 she replied, "Mothers." 
 
 Into the hands of women — first as mothers and then 
 as teachers — has been given the work of molding the 
 character of the generations that succeed them. And 
 the question that transcends in its importance all other 
 questions, as the mother transcends all other human in- 
 strumentalities, is, — Shall that education be broad and 
 grand in accord with the full and beautiful meaning of 
 the word, which among the Greeks and ancient Persians 
 meant what co-man was and what he could do; or the de- 
 velopment of his inherent qualities, — not simply what 
 he knew, not simply the amount of knowledge he could 
 pile up in his brain, — but that rounded character, that 
 outflowing of his soul-nature into natural, healthful chan- 
 nels of well-formed habits of mind and heart which 
 alone sets life in tune with the harmonies of the uni- 
 verse. The mother — who is more than artist or sculptor 
 in being educator — must mold these perfect habits, this 
 noble attitude of the soul toward integrity and honor. 
 She must instil self-control, and inspire the highest 
 motives, — motives which dwarf merely selfish and per- 
 
MORAL TRAINING. 159 
 
 sonal aims by leading into the grander arena of a world- 
 wide brotherhood. 
 
 A clergyman once replied to a mother who asked 
 when she should begin the education of her three-year- 
 old child. " Madam, you have lost three years already." 
 For either good or evil, the mother's influence reaches 
 from the cradle and before it, to the grave and be- 
 yond it. 
 
 A young man who attributed his habit of truthfulness 
 to his mother, said to her : ' ' You would not let me tell 
 falsehoods or exaggerate, even in fun, and you always 
 talked as calmly to me when censuring me as you did 
 when you were praising me." When the home becomes a 
 ' ' school for sympathy and forbearance, " for a loving 
 discipline in all the virtues that create character, and 
 when parents understand that example is a power far 
 beyond any mere verbal instruction, — that the most vital 
 instruction is the kind that is daily lived, they will 
 be what they wish their children to become. From this 
 sacred center of home will flow an "impulse for wider 
 work, whence also the self-sacrifice in daily trifles may 
 swell into the self-sacrifice of a life for universal objects." 
 
 Until the regeneration of society begins at the cradle, 
 other reforms must yield small fruitage. The tree 
 should be watered at its roots. Mothers are indeed the 
 greatest need of society and of the world. The char- 
 acter of a nation may always be judged by its women. 
 
J gQ MORAL TRAINING. 
 
 For in proportion to the elevation of the women of a 
 nation is the measure of that nation's enlightenment and 
 liberty. The American people have done well to sym- 
 bolize the spirit of their institutions by a woman trans- 
 formed into a goddess, across whose brow shines the 
 golden legend of Liberty. For the only true liberty 
 possible is indeed crystallized in woman as mother and 
 educator. Just as it would have been impossible to have 
 had a Washington without the noble mother of Wash- 
 ington, so this free America about winch we boast so 
 much, could not have been born save as American 
 women breathed into it the breath of life. Women al- 
 ways have been and always will be "the power behind 
 the throne." As soon, therefore, as we can have a race 
 of mothers who are clothed in such wisdom that they 
 will be high priestesses of the grand Temple of Home, 
 there will be no further clog in the chariot wheels of 
 Destiny. And to educate woman in the noblest type of 
 motherhood-as creator and as teacher-is a work whose 
 influence not even eternity can limit. 
 
 Good character, good breeding, right education;— 
 these should be the sacred Trinities of household wor- 
 ship The mother cannot surround her child with a 
 greater safeguard for after life than to make good reso- 
 lutions habitual in early youth. "There is something 
 in resolution that has an influence beyond itself. It 
 marches on like a mighty lord among its slaves. When 
 
MORAL TRAINING. 161 
 
 bent on good it is almost the noblest attribute of man ; 
 when on evil, the most dangerous. 1 ' 
 
 The harmonies or mharmonies of life generally origi- 
 nate at home. If a loving atmosphere pervades the 
 home, that very love subdues the faults of childish 
 character that would otherwise grow into discrepancy. 
 As a rule, people are refined in proportion to their lov- 
 ingness ; and this beautiful humanitarian love can only 
 be bred in the sunshine of harmony. It is certain that 
 the ranks of vice are not recruited from harmonious 
 homes. Prison records do not reach hitherwards for 
 their beginning. Pauper and criminal lists are not be- 
 gun here. Let the well-spring of life at home be pure 
 and beautiful, and the streams that flow from it must be 
 like its source. The sacred ties of brotherhood and of 
 friendship should here be forged in bands of gold. Teach 
 the young that they are here for a purpose — that life is 
 not aimless, — and that in proportion as the duties of life 
 are faithfully performed, so the reward will fall to them. 
 Cultivate true courtesy toward all — that courtesy born 
 of real kindness of heart. "The performance of good 
 offices toward our fellows not only confers immediate 
 gratification, but permanently enobles our dispositions." 
 
 Two ladies were riding by a thrifty garden plat 
 whose tender, trailing vines and young twigs that were 
 to become trees, had been swept to the ground by a 
 storm of the previous night. The gardener was busily 
 
162 MORAL TRAINING. 
 
 -engaged undoing the ravages of the storm, carefully 
 bracing the young trees and supporting with trellisses 
 .and other frames the drooping vines and displaced foli- 
 age. "It has always been a matter of wonder to me," 
 said one of the ladies, "that while so much thought and 
 science is bestowed on the subject of plant and tree-cul- 
 ture, and so much time and money spent to produce the 
 .highest standard of fruit by processes of known natural 
 law, that the human family and the home training of 
 the tender twigs of our own households, is left to the 
 haphazards of a chance growth. Science exhausts 
 itself on the lesser objects whose mission it is to minis- 
 ter to the needs of man, and leaves the problem of 
 human culture a neglected garden. The cultivation of 
 the human species is subject to laws the most fine and 
 subtle. Observe them and our homes bloom with those 
 flowers of the human soul whose fragrance fills a life- 
 time. Fail to observe these laws and we have nothing 
 but weeds. Where are all the gardeners,— and what 
 work otherwheres engages fair science that she can afford 
 to forsake this ground for any field in the known world? 
 -< These things ought ye to have done and not to have 
 left the others undone." 
 
 The following Oriental legend presents this truth m 
 another way: " There was once a mother whose soul had 
 caught the radiant light of truth, of right, of love, of a 
 noble humanity in subjection to these principles, and 
 
MOKAL TRAINING. 163 
 
 from whose countenance there seemed to shine some- 
 how this interior beauty. Every one who left her pres- 
 ence felt better for having been in it, and each carried 
 away a reflection of good that had not before been with 
 them. This beautiful mother led by the hand a lovely, 
 dark-eyed child. 'Let us plant a garden of flowers,' 
 she said, 'that we may send their fragrance around the 
 world. ' So by and by, as the soft airs breathed and the 
 sun shone, these marvelous flowers expanded into bud 
 and bloom. There were the roses of love, whose mission it 
 was to be fragrant in kind deeds and words that bind 
 up bleeding sorrows and pour the balm of healing into 
 wounded hearts. There were the lilies of purity, of a 
 clear integrity of purpose whose honor remained un- 
 dimmed with rust, and whose beauty left so white a 
 memory in every place to which they were sent, that the 
 very darkest corner never quite forgot that image of 
 whiteness, striving, even if ever so feebly, to be like it. 
 There, too, were the brave little forget-me-nots of such 
 a tender blue color, and always so true to truth and the 
 ties of noble friendship that the world grew in love 
 with this quality and wrote poems and stories in praise 
 of it, and performed deeds of valor for the sake of its 
 ties; and lives were laid down — friend for his friend- 
 because this flower of the garden of human life bloomed 
 on and on. ' Greater love hath no man than this.' 
 " Each flower that bloomed," so the beautiful woman 
 
164 MORAL TRAINING. 
 
 taught her child, " was for the happiness of some one; 
 going on missions of love to the sick, the poor, the hun- 
 gry, dying of hunger of heart and soul, the languishing by 
 the wayside. All were sent of heavenly Love to speak 
 in low and sweet accents the message of universal 
 brotherhood to every child of earth. 
 
 kt This beautiful mother " so the legend runs, " is the 
 brooding, beneficent mother-soul— the enshrined Wis- 
 dom—who has the wide world in her keeping, and who 
 teaches all hearts if they will but listen, the same pre- 
 cious lesson." 
 
 A mother who was familiar with this legend, made a 
 practical application of it in the education of her own 
 child in the following manner: She put under cultiva- 
 tion two beds of flowers, one for herself, the other for 
 her child, giving him exclusive control of his own 
 flower-garden, in order that whatever use he made of it 
 might be freely made. She thus taught the uses of re- 
 sponsibility. By having a bed of flowers for herself at 
 the same time, she used the power of example, thus 
 bringing its full force to bear upon the awakening facul- 
 ties of his young mind. In simple fashion she began 
 with the seedtime, illustrating the principle that good 
 seed must be sowed to produce the flowers of good char- 
 acter. She taught her young pupil botany, and applied 
 it by showing the different types of the human family 
 to be like different flowers— each blooming after its 
 
MOEAL TRAINING. 165 
 
 own kind; and that we cannot expect seed from the sun- 
 flower or marigold to produce roses or lilies. She illus- 
 trated the beauties of unselfishnes in various ways. 
 The flowers themselves were unselfish, she said, since 
 they poured forth all their fragrance upon the air, which 
 the rich and poor, the beggar and the prince were privil- 
 eged alike to breathe. Their gentle beauty, too, did 
 not withhold its blessings from any. 
 
 She set the example of using the flowers for the bene- 
 fit of others— carrying them to the sick, giving them to 
 the poor, and in every possible way illustrating the 
 lesson of that nobility of habit which delights in un- 
 selfishness of action. "Freely ye have received, freely 
 give," was her constant motto. The boy, thus led, 
 gladly followed the beautiful example, and the wise les- 
 sons so wisely taught, grew into the soil of his own 
 nature like the flowers from whence he had drawn his 
 inspiration, and added a tenderness and charity to his 
 feelings which in later years made him loved by all. 
 
 Looked at in whatever shifting light may chance to 
 fall upon it, the Home rules the world, and the Mother 
 rules the Home. 
 
 Reaping What is Sowed. 
 
 The outcome of home influence, if it has been con- 
 ducted on the ascending scale of true development, 
 crystallize8-in the boy-into that highest product of 
 
166 MORAL TRAINING. 
 
 humanity, — a gentleman, and in the girl, into true 
 womanhood. 
 
 It is the heart that makes the genuine type of gen- 
 tleman. From this source springs that true civility 
 born of the law of kindness, whose manners distinguish 
 themselves by a quiet undertone of ease and elegance 
 characteristic of good breeding. Ruskin defines some 
 of the qualities of a gentleman to be "sensitiveness, 
 sympathy, self-control, perfect ease, openness, and a 
 disdain of cunning and deceit." Good manners should 
 be cultivated because they belong to the real substance 
 of character. They cannot be assumed and discarded 
 like a costume — with the occasion. " Well-bred men 
 and women have the same manners at home that they 
 have in society. They would no sooner be guilty of a 
 rudeness to an inmate of the family circle than to a 
 society leader." The current lack of deference shown 
 to parents which is so much complained of in this coun- 
 try, is the result of faulty home training. Aristotle 
 says "that manners are the lesser morals of life," and 
 the most cultivated minds of the past and present 
 have discoursed upon the value of good manners as an 
 external evidence of internal worth. Sir Sidney 
 Smith attributes good manners to " that fine perception 
 which sees little things, and the equally fine sympathy 
 of a superior moral organization which meets them with 
 delicacy of response.' 1 The high-bred person exercises 
 
MORAL TRAINING. 167 
 
 courtesy toward all alike;— the rich, the poor, inferiors 
 and superiors, and all conditions and classes of men. 
 
 Manners are not idle, but the fruit 
 Of noble nature and of loyal mind. 
 
 They are passports to the best society and are essen- 
 tial to success, even in business. Politeness is of com- 
 mercial value in the salesman who sells you dry-goods, 
 the lawyer who pleads your case, and the preacher 
 who would win your attention. "The business 
 man has no stock in trade that pays him better than a 
 good address. If the retail dealer wears his hat on his 
 head in the presence of ladies who come to buy of him, 
 if he does not see that the heavy door of his shop is 
 opened and closed for them, if he seats himself in their 
 presence, they will not be apt to make his shop a 
 rendezvous, no matter how attractive the goods he 
 displays." 
 
 Good breeding implies that refinement and cultivation 
 of the entire nature which is included in a proper educa- 
 tion within the home circle. Manners are the badge of 
 this high culture. One of the surest evidences of this 
 thorough-bred education is said to be found in the art 
 of putting everyone at ease with you. It is the fine 
 instinct of adaptation. In society, the woman of high 
 breeding will at once surround you with a magic atmos- 
 phere of ease, and of feeling at home with her, to such 
 an extent as to charm you with her presence, though 
 
168 MORAL TRAINING. 
 
 you cannot tell in what the charm consists. On the 
 other hand, there are women, new to well-bred circles, 
 having no transmitted culture, who "act like a cold 
 shower-bath upon sensitive organizations." 
 
 When the delicate tracery of refinement and culture 
 is within the heart and mind and soul — those subtle 
 trinities of human nature — "there will be found that 
 degree of sensitiveness necessary to produce a regard 
 for the feelings of others. Those who possess it feel 
 that there is one thing that is worse than to have their 
 own feelings wounded, and that is, to have wounded the 
 feelings of one who is dear to them." 
 
 A state of well-bred or ill-bred society is strictly 
 traceable to its women — a fact which gravitates to the 
 fountain-head of all influence — mothers. Every other 
 fact in life travels in a circle back to that one cardinal 
 principle. Mothers, then, are the only hope of society, 
 and "it is upon maternal love that the future destiny 
 of the human race depends." 
 
 It is well known among readers conversant with In 
 dian history, that the great orators and chiefs of the Six 
 Nations were born of an order of women known among 
 them as the Holy Family, whose sacred duty it was to 
 consecrate themselves to the work of giving to the world 
 and of rearing the noblest types of warriors and chiefs 
 and wise men in their tribes. These rude barbarians 
 in their race-making, builded on surer foundations than 
 
M0RAI, TRAINING. 169 
 
 all our boasted enlightenment, and modern women 
 would do well to receive a suggestion from tliem in the 
 two most important branches of human science, — the 
 influence of mothers over the birth and training of the 
 men and women who will constitute the great to-morrow 
 of the world. 
 
 But mothers, remember that if your ambition for 
 your child has been of the wrong kind, having in view 
 only material wealth instead of the imperishable wealth 
 of character, it cannot but end in disaster. Many a sad 
 story could be told of lives wrecked on the shoals of a 
 false ambition. In those shallows lurks a syren who 
 allures only to destroy. 
 
 Once upon a time,— and this story is true,— there lived » 
 in one of the Southern States, a lady who had three 
 daughters. They were all beautiful. She cherished a 
 grand ambition for those daughters to shine as stars of 
 society and make splendid marriages ; in other words, 
 to barter themselves in exchange for establishments, 
 much money, servants, carriages, and husbands. In 
 brief, the sequel was as follows : One married a man 
 who wished a beautiful wife to grace his home. He 1 
 obtained his wish, if that may be called wife which is 
 empty of heart ; for she loved another, and she was 
 wretched. That other, though in every way worthy, 
 had not the wealth which she had been taught to be- 
 lieve she must secure by marriage. The wedding was 
 
170 MORAL TRAINING. 
 
 considered brilliant, and the wedding bells rang joy 
 ously upon the sense of every one save the one foi 
 whom they were ringing. To her, they were funeral 
 bells. They rang the death of her hopes. They did 
 more. For the conflict which from thenceforward her 
 soul waged with the false life she had accepted, com- 
 pleted its work, and she died of a broken heart. But 
 previous to this sad ending, her husband had made the 
 bitter discovery that his wife was his wife only in name, 
 and as a consequence his treatment of her lapsed into 
 utter neglect. His riches, meantime, had taken to 
 themselves wings and flown. The lover whom she 
 loved and pushed from her heart for the sake of gold, 
 rose in the world and became a citizen of wealth and 
 high standing. 
 
 Another one of these daughters also contracted a brill- 
 iant marriage — as the world wi}l call it. Her husband 
 was one of those men who needed the supporting 
 strength of a strong-souled woman by his side, to steady 
 his own weaknesses of character. His wife could not fill 
 this great void in his heart. Her aims were so artificial, 
 her standards so false, and his disappointment in her 
 was so keen, that he became reckless. "When, in ad- 
 dition to this, he saw his children placed under the same 
 artificial education and felt himself powerless to rescue 
 them, the wreck was complete. He became bankrupt 
 and died, leaving her in destitute circumstances. 
 
MORAL, TRAINING. 171 
 
 The third daughter was afraid that to become a 
 mother would spoil her figure. She committed the crime 
 of ante-natal murder and died from its effects. 
 
 The worldly mother lived to bury every one of her 
 daughters, and to lament the course she had taken. 
 When too late, she would have changed the order of 
 these lives committed to her care, whose untimely end- 
 ings were directly traceable to the false education in 
 wnich she had reared them. Her inordinate ambition 
 led her to its final goal — three premature graves, and a 
 ceaseless remorse of heart, Thus unerringly does 
 broken moral law avenge itself on its transgressors. 
 
 To estimate the value of a husband by his bank ac- 
 count, instead of by worth of character and congeniality 
 of temperament, is the fatal tendency of the modern so- 
 ciety young lady. Society mothers may be held di- 
 rectly responsible for these artificial standards. In this 
 grade of life,daughters are trained from early girlhood, to 
 regard personal appearance as the chief means to further 
 the grandest consummation of their lives — a matri- 
 monial alliance with money. They forget that even in 
 this view of the case the surest wealth exists within its 
 possessors, in steady industry and the good judgment 
 that can hold a balance between incoming and outgoing 
 channels. Some parents are discriminating enough to 
 see this, and will not permit their daughters to ally 
 themselves with wealth unless it is in the hands of those 
 
172 
 
 MORAL TRAINING. 
 
 who display talent enough to manage it on sound busi- 
 ness principles. They understand the commercial value 
 of determination. In the language of John Hunter, 
 who left a carpenter's bench to become the first of Eng- 
 lish surgeons, — " Is there a man whom difficulties dis- 
 hearten — who bends to the storm ? He will do little. 
 Is there one who will conquer ? That kind of man 
 never fails !" 
 
COZfcTTIEIfcTTS- 
 
 FATCT I. 
 
 Page. 
 
 MANAGEMENT OF INFANTS. 
 
 Greeting to Mothers 3 
 
 Management of Infants 5 
 
 The Bath. , 12 
 
 Sleeping Arrangements 14 
 
 The Bed 15 
 
 The Wet Nurse 15 
 
 Pure Air— Sunlight 17 
 
 Artificial Feeding , 20 
 
 Directions Regarding Medicines 26 
 
 DISEASES OF EARLY INFANCY. 
 
 Swelling of Infants' Breasts 29 
 
 Swelling of the Head 29 
 
 Red Gum— Nettle Rash 30 
 
 Chafing— Thrush 31 
 
 Inflammation of the Mouth— Mouth Canker 32 
 
 Ruptured Navel - Hydrocephalus 33 
 
 Convulsions 34 
 
 Sleeplessness — Snuffles 35 
 
 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. 
 
 Simple Diarrhoea 36 
 
 Chronic Diarrhoea — Inflammation of the Bowels 37 
 
 Consumption of the Bowels 38 
 
 Falling of the Bowel— Cholera Infantum 39 
 
 Constipation 40 
 
 Worms — Toothache 41 
 
 Retention and Incontinence of Urine 42 
 
 Vomiting 43 
 
 Sore Throat 44 
 
 Quinsy — Jaundice 45 
 
 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY 8YSTEM. 
 
 Pleurisy 46 
 
 Bronchitis 47 
 
 Croup 48 
 
 BLOOD DISEASES. 
 
 Diphtheria 51 
 
 Whooping Cough 52 
 
174 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Mumps— Scarlet Fever 53 
 
 Measles 59 
 
 Small-Pox 61 
 
 Vaccination — Chicken-Pox 65 
 
 Typhoid Fever 66 
 
 Scrofula 68 
 
 CUTANEOUS DISEASES. 
 
 Scald Head 70 
 
 Ring- Worm 71 
 
 PARASITIC DISEASES. 
 Itch 73 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Epilepsy : 74 
 
 Paralysis 75 
 
 St. Vitus' Dance— Rickets 76 
 
 Headache— Nosebleed 77 
 
 Earache — Ear Discharges 78 
 
 Deafness — Ophthalmia 79 
 
 Ophthalmia Simplex 81 
 
 Stye — Sunstroke 82 
 
 Burns and Scalds 83 
 
 Nosebleed— Choking — Frozen Limbs 85 
 
 Chilblains and Chaps 86 
 
 Apparent Death from Drowning 87 
 
 Bites of Serpents 88 
 
 Insect Bites and Stings — Poisons 89 
 
 Poison Preventives — Hydrophobia 91 
 
 Wounds, Bruises and Sprains 92 
 
 Lockj aw 94 
 
 Materia Medica 96 
 
 X».A.Xl.T XX. 
 
 Management of the Sick Room Ill 
 
 Exercise 116 
 
 Bathing 117 
 
 Foods.* 118 
 
 Invalid Cooking 122 
 
 Foods Prepared from Meats 125 
 
 MOEAL TRAINING. 
 
 Ante- Natal Impressions 142 
 
 As the Twig is Bent the Tree is Inclined 147 
 
 Home Influence 158 
 
 Reaping What is Sown 165 
 
 H 293 «"$ 
 
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