THE STORY OF U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL NO. 5 AS. PRESENTED BY" CJ^^^^Olna^ ->! \ VOhJ/vP^^ r ^ _ THE STORY OF U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 By A MEMBER OF THE UNIT CAMBRIDGE THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1919 Contents Page Events Leading to the Organization of the Red Cross Base Hospitals I Practice Mobilization Endeavors Interrupted by Orders for Overseas Service with the British 19 The Camiers Period at No. 1 1 General Hospital, B.E.F., May 30, 1 91 7, to October 31, 191 7 3^ The Boulogne Period at No. 13 General Hospital, B.E.F., from November i, 19 17, to the end 50 Roster of Officers 77 Publications 88 Roster of Nurses 92 Roster of Enlisted Personnel 102 Illustrations View of Camiers Hospital Group from Hills . . . Frontispiece*^ Facing Page Plan of Proposed Mobilization on Common 22/ Enlisted Men on Van Dyke Street 30^^ Enlisted Men at Fort Totten 36V' Marquees and Cement Works at Camiers 38*^ The CO. and the Queen 4iv^ View of Hills and Camiers Camp 441/' Plan of No. 11 General 46^ The Cemetery at Etaples 48*^ The Boulogne Casino from the Cliff 50 v Views in the Casino Grounds 52v The Concert Party and Enlisted Men's Hut 54/ Ward III — Christmas, 1917, and July, 19 18 56*/ Plan of No. 13 General, Boulogne 6oy Mobile No. 6 at Deuxnouds and Varennes 66^ Officers' Group ^^^ Nurses' Group 92/ Men's Group. Sections I and II 102 »/ Men's Group. Sections III and IV 108 v^ Men's Group. Section V and Night Men ii2v^ U. S. Army Base Hospital No. 5 THE organization whose record will be set down in these pages was one of the first Units of the American Expe- ditionary Force to be sent overseas ; it was the first to suffer casu- alties at the hands of the enemy; its period of service in France was nearly two years, as long as that of any other United States Army Base Hospital; its list of publications on subjects relating to the medical problems of the war was a most creditable one, and its standards of efficiency and loyalty were second to none. This brief citation, covering the service of Base Hospital No. 5, is sufficient for all general purposes, but for the satisfaction and interest of the individual members of the Unit it is proposed to trace in some detail the story of the organization from the be- ginning and to explain how it came to be sent as one of the origi- nal six Base Hospital Units to serve with the British Expedition- ary Force. Volunteer Antebellum Activities From the outbreak of the war until early in 19 17, a period of thirty long months, the country, though its temper at times was sorely tried, held aloof from the European conflict and under the guise of neutrality enriched itself immeasurably. To outward appearances no effort whatsoever was being made to profit in any other way from the experience of the combatants, and Wash- ington did not even permit observers in any considerable number to follow close at hand the extraordinary and novel develop- ments of warfare which the intensive applications of science were rapidly introducing. From the outset, however, and without official sanction, many individuals with avowed sympathy for the Allied cause either en- listed as actual participants or enrolled themselves in non-com- 2 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 batant organizations to care for the destitute or the wounded. This was particularly true of Americans who were living abroad, and the colony in Paris, interested in the previously established American Hospital there, had the imagination and energy under the leadership of our ambassador, Mr. Herrick, to organize and establish a " Section for the Wounded " in the new Lycee Pasteur during the early weeks of the war. This hospital, first with the French Service de Sante and ultimately with our own army as R. C. Military Hospital No. i, made a fine record for itself from the first battle of the Marne till the end of the war. At the time of the First Marne a former ambassador, Mr. Robert Bacon, Mr. Herman Harjes and others, actually brought wounded in their own automobiles from the field to the newly established hospital in Paris. From these individual efforts there grew up two splendid volunteer corps of ambulance drivers — the Ambulance Field Service subsequently under the direction of Mr. Piatt Andrew, and the Formation Harjes, the famous Sec- tion Sanitaire No. 5 under Mr. Richard Norton,^ In these two corps several hundred young Americans subsequently served, driving small ambulances on Ford chassis, donated by devoted people at home. Thus the Ambulance Americaine at Neuilly-sur-Seine with its associated Field Service came into being, whereas at Jouilly, north of Meaux, there was established by Mrs. Whitney early in the war an American outpost hospital, which in 191 8 came to play an important role in the second German advance to the Marne. These three correlated organizations offered to Ameri- cans, both men and women, one of the chief opportunities for non-combatant service during the first three years of the war. The relation of the American Ambulance to the story of Base Hospital No. 5 is as follows : On November 27, 19 14, the Medical Board of the Ambulance, ^ It was from the latter organization that the small ambulance which served Base Hospital No. 5 so long and faithfully as its sole means of transport was secured on the very day before the Norton-Harjes Formation was taken over by our own army. We had reason to be proud of its original horizon bleu color and the French inscriptions {assis 6, couches 3) with which it was adorned, though our army later on ordered them to be painted out, and with its uniform O. D. color the car lost its character and individuality, as, for better or for worse, everything else did in the American army. ANTEBELLUM PERIOD 3 through Dr. Joseph A. Blake, who had charge of one of the surgical services, made a proposal to certain American Univer- sity Medical Schools that a corps of surgeons and nurses be sent over to engage in the work of the hospital for successive periods of three months. The first of these Units, with its personnel made up from the Lakeside Hospital of Western Reserve Uni- versity and under the direction of Dr. Crile, served in this capac- ity from January i to April i, 1916. A Harvard contingent, financed by Mr. William Lindsey of Boston, served for the next three months and was followed in turn by a group from the Pennslyvania hospital at Philadelphia. Five members of the Harvard contingent, Drs. Boothby, Cutler, Gushing, Osgood and Strong, subsequently enrolled themselves as members of the or- ganization which came to be Base Hospital No. 5 ; likewise Dr. Potter, who, caught abroad at the outbreak of the war, had vol- unteered his services for six months to the Dental Department of the Ambulance. To the great loss of this first Harvard Unit, as was the case with us two years later. Dr. Strong was detached before it really got to work, and though he took time to organize the laboratory service he was soon sent to Serbia as the chief of an Interallied Sanitary Commission to fight the epidemic of typhus. Volunteer Units in the B. E. F. The success of these early Units was such that Sir William Osier, together with Mr. Robert Bacon, who at the time was serving with the British in Flanders, made a proposition through the British war office to a number of American universities — Harvard, Chicago, Columbia and the Johns Hopkins — that Units be organized to staff certain British war hospitals which in large numbers were being constructed in France on a 1040-bed basis. In order that he might bring home direct information concerning these hospitals and the project in general, Dr. Cush- ing on his return from Paris was invited to visit the first of these new standard hospitals, a collection of low wooden huts as yet unoccupied, which was then being erected on the sands near a place called Etaples, and he recalls with interest being escorted 4 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 there by (then) Colonel Carr, who, transferred from Boulogne, was later to become the D. D. M. S. of the area. No. 13 General was the active hospital in Boulogne at the time, and the Casino was filled to overflowing with detained head cases under the supervision of Colonel Sargent, and with severely gassed cases under Sir John Rose Bradford's care, for this was the time of the Second Ypres and the first use of chlorine by the enemy. Sir Almroth Wright was established in a primitive labo- ratory in the basement; and other officers we came to know later, (then) Major Gordon Holmes, Lieutenant-Colonels Sargent and Cuthbert Wallace were sharing a billet with Sir George Makins on the hill overlooking the Casino. At this time Canadian No. 3, the McGill Unit, had not gone overseas, and the old Jesuit school on the Calais road back of the town, then called the Meerut Hos- pital, was given over to the India Medical Service and was filled with the casualties from the Indian regiments. When this Cana- dian contingent arrived in France not long after, it was located in a soggy field at a place called Dannes-Camiers, where not even a tent had been erected, and after many tribulations and some protestations they in time were moved to the Meerut Hospital, where we subsequently found them; but this is another story. The character of the site, however, did not greatly change dur- ing the next two years, as Base Hospital No. 5 learned in its turn. The Osier-Bacon proposal, mentioned before this digression, was acted upon favorably by Harvard University, and a Unit was promptly organized and sent overseas for semi-official service with the British R. A. M. C. This Unit under Sir Arthur Perry as commanding officer was put in charge of No. 22 General Hospital at Camiers, and under a succession of leaders — Drs. Nichols, Faulkner, Cheever, Jones and Cabot — continued there, throughout the war and rendered a very valuable service. As chance would have it Base Hospital No. 5 eighteen months later became their neighbors and v/ere indebted to them for many favors, from the occasional use of their athletic field to huts for their nurses. Five of the officers subsequently enrolled with Base Hospital No. 5 — Drs. Cheever, Denny, Lee, Shattuck and ANTEBELLUM PERIOD 5 Towne — had previously seen service abroad with one or an- other of these Harvard contingents at "22 General." It is of interest to recall that, in April, 191 5, when the project of these Units was under consideration, the British authorities showed their punctiliousness regarding international covenants by the statement that in accordance with Article XI of the Geneva Convention of 1906 the consent of the enemy would have to be secured before such organizations could be utilized even for their strictly humanitarian work. This Article reads : A recognized society of a neutral State can only lend the services of its sanitary personnel to a belligerent with the prior consent of its own government and the authority of such belligerent. The belligerent ac- cepting such assistance is required to notify the enemy before making any use thereof. Origin of the Red Cross Base Hospitals The organization of these early volunteer Units was novel in that their members, drawn from the staff of a single institution and accustomed to work together, were likely to be more effective than a composite staff from several sources. This was brought to the attention of Surgeon-General Gorgas by Dr. Crile, and in the fall of 19 15 he made a proposal to Dr. Crile and Dr. Cush- ing, both of whom were medical corps reserve officers, that they organize Units "with the idea of doing the same work in some of our base hospitals in case of war, as was done in France." He proposed, if the scheme proved feasible, to organize about forty such Units, " which would about correspond with our efforts in other directions." At the time little more was expected of these groups than that the officers who were selectee^ should join the Medical Reserve Corps and express their willingness, " in case the Unit should be ordered to a general hospital in San Antonio in time of war," to serve for a short period of duty in connection with possible disorders on the border. This proposal from General Gorgas was immediately ac- cepted, and the matter was brought to the attention of the Presi- dent of the University whose interest in the project was aroused from the standpoint of permanence of such an organization in connection with the Medical School. 6 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 Information regarding the plan to organize these and other Units within the Medical Reserve Corps came to the notice of the American Red Cross, and the society protested on the basis that any organization, according to statutory regulations in re- gard to volunteer aid, must in time of peace be brought together under Red Cross rather than army auspices. (Cf. Circular No. 8, War Department, September lo, 191 2.) After many delays a meeting was finally held in Washington, November 28, 19 15, under the chairmanship of William H. Taft, and as the outgrowth of this and other meetings between army representatives, the Red Cross, and certain reserve officers, a national committee was formed and a reorganization of the central office of the American Red Cross was brought about with two departments, that of Civilian Relief, which previously had largely monopolized its attention, and that of Military Relief, to organize and train Units which the army and navy could utilize in time of war. In January, 19 16, an army officer. Colonel J. R. Kean, was appointed as Director-General of Military Relief, and given authority to proceed with the organization under the Red Cross of Units such as those originally proposed by the Surgeon-Gen- eral. Despite the lack of information regarding the ultimate form and character of these embryo Red Cross hospitals, except that they were to be 500-bed hospitals, many medical schools and hospitals in the country, among them the Massachusetts General and City Hospitals in Boston, were favorably disposed to any project savoring of preparedness and volunteered to organize Units provided the expense of the equipment could be raised from outside sources. The Three Boston Hospitals In the absence of any definite program matters dragged on until February 22, 19 16, when Colonel Kean visited Boston and made the proposal that there be three Units organized in Boston to represent the three major hospitals — the Massachusetts Gen- eral, the City, and the Brigham. Harvard University mean- while had appointed a Committee on Military Affairs for the ANTEBELLUM PERIOD 7 Medical School, and the president had asked Dr. John Warren to act as Executive Secretary for the proposed university Unit. A compromise was arrived at with Colonel Kean, whereby one of the three Boston Units should represent the Harvard Medi- cal School and all its affiliated hospitals Instead of the Brigham alone; and though some dissatisfaction was subsequently ex- pressed at this compromise it was on this understanding that the three local Units were subsequently organized, and Drs. Wash- burn, Dowling and Gushing were appointed by the Surgeon-Gen- eral as the three directors. For the equipment of each of these proposed 500-bed hospi- tals $25,000 was regarded as necessary, and a campaign under Colonel Jacob Peabody of the local Red Cross Chapter was started, the money was promptly subscribed, and the purchase and assemblage of supplies begun.^ A large part of this task was assumed by the New England Surgical Dressings Committee, an organization which under the leadership of Mrs. Frederick Mead had started in a small way at the Infants' Hospital early in 19 1 5 in order to equip the first Harvard Unit with its neces- sary supplies. Six months later the work was transferred to the Out-Door Department of the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, where it grew apace, and the distinctive dressings provided by this committee, put up in sealed tins after sterilization in Boston hospitals, came to be widely distributed in France through the agency of the American Clearing House. The successive Units at No. 22 General as well as Base Hospital No. 5 and many other French and British hospitals depended upon these supplies throughout their terms of service, and no praise can be too great for the excellence of the work done by the men and women con- nected with the Surgical Dressings Committee during its three years of activity and until it was disbanded by an act of the Red Cross in 19 18. * It may be recalled that the Unit finally went overseas without any of these supplies, under the impression that all necessary equipment could be found in abundance. The supplies from their place of storage, 274 Summer Street, where "they were awaiting orders to be despatched to Europe," were rushed six months later to Halifax and were probably put to very good use in helping out twenty thousand homeless people at the time of the disaster due to the explosion of a French munition ship in the harbor on December 6, 1917. 8 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 Want of a Definite Program As appears to have been true of all the Base Hospital Units, through lack of specific directions and definite tables of organi- zation but little progress could be made during the next few months. The experience of the Harvard Medical School Unit probably differed in no great respect from that of the others. Dr. John Warren acted as adjutant for a few weeks, and there was an everlasting exchange of inquiries and directions regard- ing muster-in rolls, enlistment pledges, character of personnel re- quired, nature of equipment for a 500-bed hospital, and countless other details. According to the official memorandum of April 24, giving the "minimum number necessary for enrollment," there were to be Medical officers 23 Dental officers 2 Chaplain i Nurses 50 Male administrative personnel (all grades) 80 Civilian employees 15 Nurses' aids (volunteers) 25 Total 196 It is interesting to compare this list with that adopted by the British for such a base hospital as we ultimately came to take over. We were long on medical officers but short on everything else, chaplains included, and rarely were without two additional British " padres." The male personnel including all ranks below officers was ultimately increased to two hundred and at one time amounted to two hundred and ninety. Our nurses grew to num- ber seventy-five, and at no time were our twenty-five nurses' aids who had taken their course of training permitted to join the Unit, so that for the period of service in Camiers the British V. A. D.'s whom we found in the hospital continued in service supplementing the work of our hard-pressed nurses. But this gets us ahead of our story. Even in the case of the nurses, whose enrollment under Miss Carrie M. Hall, the Superintendent of Nurses of the Brigham ANTEBELLUM PERIOD 9 Hospital, was not begun until some time in April, 19 16, there were no definite directions to follow, and the idea was conveyed in soliciting enlistments that the enrollment was to be for a short period only and " for service in case of war in our own country" — so little did we comprehend the seriousness of the situation which would confront the nation a year later. Indeed, so much confusion existed regarding the Units that finally at a meeting on May 26, 191 6, the Red Cross appointed an Advisory Committee of Civilian Physicians and Surgeons to work with the Department of Military Relief. One thing was obvious to all, and that was the entire lack of appreciation of what the needs might be of such Units as we were attempting to organize. This was due primarily to the want of any previous experience with such Units by the Army Medical Corps and com- plete ignorance on the part of the reserve officers, despite the correspondence schools which had been started, of the anti- quated and cumbersome army forms and methods of transacting business. There seemed to be no possible way of overcoming these diffi- culties except by a trial mobilization, and it was hoped that such an experience might be had in connection with one of the summer encampment which had grown out of the "Plattsburg" idea under the leadership of Major-General Leonard Wood. The proposal was favored by General Wood, but it proved impossible to carry it into efFect in the summer of 191 6. Indeed, had a suit- able equipment for such a trial mobilization of a medical Unit been ready, it could not have been successfully put through, for all these Units were having the greatest possible difficulty in se- curing the enlistment of the required hospital personnel. Peace-Time Reluctance to Enroll The number of men in each hospital Unit required for official acceptance by the Red Cross was constantly being lowered, though eighty was the specified number according to the first memorandum. The type of unpunctuated message which used to harass us is as follows : 10 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 WASHINGTON D. C. JUNE 27 I916. PARAGRAPH ONE TO COMPLY WITH REQUEST OF SURGEON GENERAL ARMY PLEASE SEND RETURN MAIL COMPLETE LIST NAMES MEDICAL OFFICERS DENTISTS CHAPLAIN CHIEF NURSE INDICATING WHICH MEDI- CAL OFFICERS BELONG MEDICAL RESERVE CORPS PARAGRAPH TWO SEND TABULAR STATEMENT LIKE THAT RENDERED LAST MONTH SHOWING NUMBER ENROLLED TO DATE EACH OF FIVE CLASSES PERSONNEL NAMELY ONE OFFICERS TWO NURSES THREE NURSES AIDS FOUR ADMIN- ISTRATIVE PERSONNEL FIVE CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES PARAGRAPH THREE REQUEST THIS TABULAR REPORT BE FURNISHED EVERY SATURDAY UNTIL ENROLLMENT OF UNIT COMPLETE. J. R. KEAN. On July I the list of officers submitted was as follows : DireC' tor, Dr. Harvey Gushing; Adjutant, Dr. L. H. Burlingham ; * Assistant Directors, Dr. R. P. Strong (laboratory section), Dr. R. I. Lee (medical section), Dr. David Cheever (surgical section). Dr. W. H. Potter (dental section); Surgeons, Drs. G. S. Derby, R. B. Osgood, E. B. Towne, Walter M. Boothby, F. R. Ober, Gilbert Horrax, H. H. Vail, T. R. Goethals; Physi- cians, Drs. Reginald Fitz, Geo. C. Shattuck, G. P. Denny, G. R. Minot, Henry Lyman; Bacteriologist, Dr. J. L. Stoddard; Roent- genologist, Dr. Percy Brown, In this list were represented the Medical School and most of its affiliated hospitals, the Massachusetts General, the Children's, the Brigham, the Huntington, the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and the Dental School. The muster-in roll for the officers of the Massachusetts General Hospital and City Hos- pital Units at this time, made up from these institutions alone, were at about an equal stage of completion, and the three lists were utilized in an appeal sent out by Colonel J. C. R. Peabody for further funds — an appeal which was most generously sub- scribed to by the community. At this time only sixteen nurses had enlisted, though twenty- nine others had signified their intention of doing so. Eight nurses' aids — the Misses Brooks, Cabot, Harding, Hardy, Homans, Lovering, Thurlow and Whitman — had already ^ Dr. Burlingham had succeeded Dr. Warren as adjutant in June, 1916, and he in turn was succeeded by Dr. W. S. McCann, who was ordered away for duty before the Unit sailed. ANTEBELLUM PERIOD ii signed the rolls despite the rather unalluring official paragraph regarding this service, as follows : Volunteer Nurses' Aids: Provision has been made for the assign- ment to our base hospital units of a limited number of women who are not nurses by profession. They will serve without pay but may be furnished with transportation, lodging and subsistence when the unit to which they are attached is called into active service under the provision of the act of April 24, 1912. Nurses' aids will be prepared for duty under the supervision of the Nursing Service of the Red Cross and will be required to take at least the course of instruction in Elementary Hygiene and Home Care of the Sick and pass a satisfactory examination in the same. It is also desirable that they take such other courses of instruction as may be provided by the Red Cross. The enlistment of the so-called male administrative personnel and civilian employees was found to be practically impossible in Boston, as elsewhere. Late in July the directors of the New York Unit submitted a questionnaire to the Red Cross In the hope of securing definite rulings on many debated points, particu- larly relating to organization, duties, and compensation, with- out which it was found that civilians were unwilling to enter- tain any proposal for army service. We were referred to para- graph ydo, Manual for Medical Department, igi6, which reads as follows : The personnel allowed a Base Hospital, as given in Tables of Organiza- tion, are ordinarily assigned as follows: 20 medical officers, I colonel (com- manding), I major (operating surgeon), 18 captains and lieutenants (i ad- jutant, I quartermaster, i pathologist, i eye, ear, nose and throat specialist^ 2 assistant operating surgeons, 12 ward surgeons) ; i dental surgeon; 8 ser- geants first class ( i general supervision, i in charge of office, i in charge of quartermaster supplies and records, i in charge of kitchen and mess, i in charge of detachment and detachment accounts, I in charge of patients' clothing and effects, i in charge of medical property and records, i in charge of dispensary) ; 16 sergeants (i in dispensary, 2 in storeroom, I in mess and kitchen, 4 in office, 2 in charge of police, 6 in charge of wards) ; 14 acting cooks; 115 privates first class and privates (68 ward attendants, 3 in dis- pensary, 5 in operating room, i in laboratory, 14 in kitchen and mess, 6 in storerooms, 4 orderlies, 5 in office, 4 outside police, I assistant to dentist, 4 supernumeraries) ; 46 nurses, female^ (i chief nurse, I assistant to chief nurse, 41 in wards, 2 in operating room, I dietist). ^ When female nurses are not available, additional enlisted men will be assigned in their stead. 12 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 This paragraph 760 did not help us greatly, though every effort was made, with but little success, to secure the necessary number of volunteers by talking before various naval and military clubs and organizations, by collaborating with the local army and navy enlistment bureaus, by an appeal to the assembled employees of the University. It is interesting to review the lists of names of those few who signed the rolls at the time — most of them mar- ried men over forty with families or other dependents, several of them in the fifty's, and one, an old army man, on a suburban police force who was sixty-seven years of age. It was obvious that voluntary enlistments, before an actual declaration of war, would only come from those who felt that a hospital service was the only one in which they might be accepted in case of actual hostilities. The following memorandum issued from the A. R. C. Depart- ment of Military Relief, under date of July 14, 19 16, gave for the first time, in sections 6 and 7, an indication of the compensa- tion for the male enlisted personnel and the civil employees, and suggested the enrollment of medical students. 6. Male Administrative Personnel: This class includes all in- dividuals who when the Unit is called into active service will enter the service of the Medical Department by enlistment. It is desired by the Surgeon-General that this class be enlisted in the Enlisted Reserve Corps for the Medical Department, in accordance with section 55 of the National Defense Act as soon as regulations for the establishment of this corps are approved by the President. The period of enlistment is four years unless sooner discharged. For such enlistment applicants must be between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, and must meet the physical, educational, and practical requirements which may be prescribed. Members of the Enlisted Corps are subject to active service for purposes of instruction not to exceed fifteen days in each year, and may be issued the uniform and equipment pre- scribed for the Enlisted Medical Corps. They are also entitled to wear the rosette or knot issued to the Enlisted Reserve Corps. The male adminis- trative personnel includes pharmacists and the higher clerical and adminis- trative personnel other than professional, and these will be given the higher enlisted grades after appointment; while orderlies and laborers engaged in the various departments of the hospital will be enrolled as privates. Pri- vates First Class may receive additional pay when assigned to certain duties: As dispensary assistants, $2.00 a month ; male nurse, $3.00 a month ; surgical assistants, $5.00 a month. The following are the grades and rates of pay in the enlisted branch of the Medical Department : ANTEBELLUM PERIOD 13 No. Allowed Pay of Grade in Organization Master Hospital Sergeants $75 i Hospital Sergeants 65 i Sergeants First Class 50 11 Sergeants 36 17 Corporals 24 8 Cooks 30 9 Privates First Class 18 21 Privates 15 85 Total ... 153 Some non-commissioned officers and men of the Quartermaster Corps may also be allowed. For the minimum allowance of male administrative personnel required for enrolment it is believed to be very appropriate that medical students — especially of the fourth and third class — be enrolled. These, after two or three years of service, when they become second or first class men, would naturally be promoted to the higher non-commissioned ratings; and upon graduation should be recommended for discharge from the Enlisted Reserve Corps if they desire it. As there will be present in many Units professors as well as students, it would be easily possible for Medical Schools to ar- range for the instruction of students to be continued while in active service, and for the students to receive credit towards their graduation for the time spent in the military service. This is done to a notable extent in European armies. In the Italian army it is said that many students are being gradu- ated from Medical Schools at the front. 7. Civil Employees are paid in accordance with their qualifications and the current prices in their occupations at the time. In general terms, this class embraces woman stenographers, chief cooks, bakers, and the maids who care for the nurses' mess and quarters. Paragraph 10 of the same memorandum is of no little interest from the standpoint of our subsequent experience and may de- serve to be quoted in full : 10. The question of the period for which medical officers will be held for service under their commission is one of great interest and importance to officers serving with Red Cross Units. It is recognized that a prolonged absence from home is very injurious to the practice of medical men and can- not be afforded by those dependent upon it for the support of themselves and their families. The suggestion has been frequently made that an ar- rangement be devised, like that of certain American hospitals being main- tained in France by Medical Schools, whereby after a period of service of six months to a year medical officers could be relieved from duty with a Unit and replaced by others drawn from a reserve list of physicians connected with the parent hospital of the Unit. This exchange could be easily arranged 14 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 through the Military Relief Department of the Red Cross. While the de- tails have not been as yet worked out, it may be said that the scheme in a general way meets the approval of the Surgeon-General of the Army and is believed to be entirely practicable. It is hoped that detailed instructions covering this subject may be published at an early date after the regulations to carry out the provisions of the National Defense Act are approved. It should however be borne in mind that no medical officer, nurse, or other person connected with a Unit in the military service can separate himself from it without the permission of the military authorities. Our Base Hospital Number One reason why we had made such strenuous efforts to com- plete the hospital roster was In the hope of securing an early acceptance by the Red Cross, which had agreed to enumerate the Units as they were completed. This, however, was finally aban- doned and a letter from Colonel J. R. Kean of July 31, 191 6, explains how the Unit got its number. ... In giving numerical designations to the Base Hospital Units, it was intended that they should be numbered in the order in which their completed muster-in rolls were received at this office. This scheme was defeated, however, by the fact that much greater delays were experienced than expected in completing the rolls, especially in the column of male administrative personnel. The purchase of equipment began, therefore, before the rolls were completed, and it became necessary to give numbers to the Base Hospitals in order that accounts might be opened with them in this office for the purchase of property, and that the equipment so purchased might be duly marked. There is enclosed a list of the hos- pitals which have been thus far assigned numbers, giving their respective numerical designations. No. 1. Bellevue Base Hospital Unit, New York City. 2. Presbyterian Base Hospital Unit, New York City. 3. Mt. Sinai Base Hospital Unit, New York City. 4. Lakeside Base Hospital Unit, Cleveland, Ohio. 5. Harvard University Base Hospital Unit, Boston, Mass. 6. Massachusetts General Base Hospital Unit, Boston, Mass. 7. Boston City Base Hospital Unit, Boston, Mass. 8. New York Post-Graduate Base Hospital Unit, New York City. 9. New York Base Hospital Unit, New York City. 10. Pennsylvania Base Hospital Unit, Philadelphia, Pa. 11. St. Joseph, St. Mary, and St. Augustana Base Hospital Unit, Chicago, 111. 12. Mercy and Wesley Base Hospital Unit, Chicago, III. 13. Presbyterian and County Base Hospital Unit, Chicago, 111. ANTEBELLUM PERIOD 15 No. 14. St. Luke's and Michael Reese Base Hospital Unit, Chicago, 111. 15. Lincoln Base Hospital Unit, New York City. 16. German Base Hospital Unit, New York City. 17. Harper Base Hospital Unit, Detroit, Mich. An admission of the difficulties which all were experiencing was made by the Red Cross in the following letter under the date of September 22, 191 6: 22d September, 1916. To THE Directors of All Red Cross Army Base Hospitals: — 1. It has been found difficult by all of the Directors of Base Hospitals to enroll in time of peace the male administrative personnel and male civilian employees of Army Base Hospitals, although such personnel can be readily and rapidly obtained when the patriotic impulses of the people are stirred when war is imminent. It has been determined, therefore, by the Surgeon-General's Office to reduce the minimum number required for enrollment in that office, for the male administrative personnel (col- umn 4) from 80 to 50, and for the civilian employees (column 5) from 15 to 10. 2. It is requested that all possible efforts be made to complete the enrollment of your Unit, in order that it may be placed on file in the War Department. 3. It is also requested that a report of the status of enrollment be made on October i , on the accompanying form, and that a like report be made on the first of each month thereafter. (Signed) J. R. Kean, Colonel, Medical Corps, U. S. A., Director-General of Military Relief, Subsequent to this letter, in correspondence with the action taken by other University Units in the country, and on the ac- quiescence of the President of the University, positions were thrown open to third and fourth year students who responded with alacrity, and the required complement was quickly made up, A Trial Mobilization In the fall of 191 6 the country was suffering from an epidemic of poliomyelitis, and the proposition was made to the Red Cross that one of the three local Boston Units be mobilized to care for these cases, in order to try out their degree of preparedness to serve in an emergency, and incidentally to get some sort of train- ing in duties for which they might in future be called upon to per- form. This proposition was not acted upon, but it was decided 1 6 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 at the meeting of the National Committee on Red Cross Medical Service held in Detroit June 15, 19 16, to make a demonstration mobilization of one of the Units, and Base Hospital No. 4 (Western Reserve University) was selected to supply the per- sonnel, whereas one of the New York Units supplied the equipment. The mobilization was held in Fairmont Park, Philadelphia, on October 28, 19 16, army tentage belonging to the United States Medical Department having been supplied for the purpose and erected by a detachment of regulars. This temporary encamp- ment, whose object was "to demonstrate that the organization existing on paper was a practical and serviceable one," was visited by many and aroused great enthusiasm. Subsequently, on the same day, a meeting was held at the Bellevue Stratford, at which various problems relating to these Units, notably the consideration of the best type of semi-permanent and portable buildings, were discussed by a number of army officials, Red Cross representatives, and other interested persons. One outcome of this meeting was the appointment of a com- mittee consisting of Dr. Richard H. Harte, Director of Base Hospital No. 10, Major R. U. Patterson of the Red Cross, and Surgeon T. W. Richards of the Navy, with the object of collect- ing and disseminating information pertaining to their organiza- tion and equipment among the Units which were being estab- lished. No one, for example, knew at the time whether we were to need kitchen and laundry outfits, and there were countless other questions constantly cropping up. The winter was passed without any great progress. There were many meetings and copious correspondence. In December the Council of National Defense was organized " for the pur- pose of co-ordinating the resources of the country in the interest of national defense," and conferences, held under the auspices of the Advisory Commission of this Council relating to the intro- duction into our Medical Schools of courses adapted to "medi- cal, sanitary, and surgical training for the army and navy," were held by the Secretary of War. ANTEBELLUM PERIOD 17 War Draws Near With the renewal of unrestricted submarine activity early in February it looked as though America would surely be drawn into the war. Diplomatic relations with Germany were severed February 3, and requests began to come from Washington asking from all those who had been in France in connection with volun- teer Units " for as much information as possible regarding the handling of medical problems abroad." A committee, more- over, was appointed by the Secretary of War *' for the standard- ization of medical and surgical supplies and equipment," and various sub-committees representing different branches of medi- cine were appointed, and those who served in these capacities found conditions in a very serious and confused state, the stand- ard army equipment of instruments being a very antiquated and cumbersome affair. Even with very incomplete data on which to work, redoubled efforts were made at this time to complete our Base Hospital or- ganization. Captain A. G. Reynolds at about this time volun- teered his services as quartermaster, and though according to army requirements the position was to be filled by a medical offi- cer, this was waived in his favor, as he had had ample experience for the post through his service in the Spanish War. With his energetic aid every effort was made to perfect our organization and, through Colonel Peabody, to assemble the equipment for which money had been raised. No one knew where this equip- ment of five hundred beds and mattresses, fifteen hundred blan- kets and corresponding sheets, pillow-slips, and so on, not to men- tion the innumerable hospital accessories of other kinds, could possibly be stored, and Washington suggested that we build a warehouse for the purpose or use the Watertown Arsenal. When it came to the point of getting the scattered few who had been induced to ally themselves with the Unit to actually sign the ofl^cial papers the majority of them did not like the look of the " duration " promises, and the number of those willing to take a physical examination and actually to sign up were very few. They were doubtless influenced by the sorry experience of 1 8 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 the militia on the border the previous summer. The fifty stu- dents, moreover, who had been enrolled were advised by the school authorities against the actual act of enlistment, and by the middle of March the prospects of Base Hospital No. 5, except as a paper organization, looked very unpromising, and this was equally true of the other seventeen A. R. C. hospitals. It is amusing today to realize that time was being wasted In passing upon the official lists of the Army Medical Manual, wherein among the thousands of articles supposedly essential for a 500-bed Base Hospital occurred such items as the following: SUPPLIES TO BE PURCHASED IN OPEN MARKET AND TO BE POST- PONED ON ACCOUNT OF DETERIORATION Item No. Unit 200 48 Bags, rubber, hot-water and syringe, chocolate color, 2-qt. size, made of cloth inserted rubber, with five-foot rubber tubing, three screw pipes and shut-off. 204 18 Cushions, rubber, open centre, chocolate color, cloth in- serted rubber, heavy reinforced seams, air-tight inflat- ing — diameter 16". Gloves, made of pure Para rubber, with full gauntlet, medium weight, 24-pair size No. 73/2, 24-pair size No. 8. Sheeting, rubber, single coated, best quality, heavy weight, 36" wide, white, in one roll. Soap, laundry size, Ivory. Tourniquets and bandages, rubber. Tube, stomach, length 5 feet, size 32, French scale, with bulb and funnel. 213 30 yards Tubing, drainage, red, unperforated, ten yards each of %", %6", }i" inside diameter. These are samples of paragraph 891 of the Medical Manual for 191 6 to which we were supposed to conform, but what we really wanted were men, chocolate color or any other, best qual- ity and proper length, and they unfortunately were not purchas- able in the open market. 207 48 pairs 208 30 yards 210 60 cakes 211 12 212 I Mobilization Endeavors AT this juncture it seemed that the only possible way to bring ,. the Boston Units before the public and thus secure enlist- ments was to have some sort of public demonstration or mobiliza- tion. It was hoped that this might amount to something more than a mere display such as the Cleveland Unit had participated in at Philadelphia, and that the hospital might actually be put at work in caring for the city accident cases, so that we could correct the defects in the organization by trial and the inadequacies of equipment could thus be brought to the surface. Objections to a mobilization program were at once raised, pri- marily by the Red Cross on the grounds that so employed "the equipment would become at once second-hand and septic; the mattresses, sheets, blankets, pillows, pillow-cases, would all have to be disinfected, cleaned, or laundered; beds repainted, etc. Moreover, undoubtedly small articles would be used up or lost, and possibly some of the various articles would be put out of commission, such as instruments, which are now very hard to replace." It was felt, nevertheless, that the only way to see what de- fects actually existed and to force official rulings in regard to them was to press hard for a trial demonstration, for no standard type of X-ray apparatus had been determined upon, nor any form of kitchen, or laundry outfit, or devices for food delivery. There were many activities at the time engrossing public at- tention. The Massachusetts Committee on Public Safety (Com- mittee of lOo) had been organized, though at the outset with no provision for a medical or sanitary section. Strenuous efforts were being made through local recruiting stations to raise to full 20 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 strength the authorized quota of Massachusetts troops. The National Security League was pressing for Universal Military Training. A campaign to increase the National Red Cross mem- bership was in full swing. Innumerable organizations unrelated to the Red Cross and with no apparent signs of correlation were being established to collect or distribute supplies in various de- serving quarters. Many patriotic mass meetings were being held at which flags were waved, while the audience strained un- certainly at the " Star-Spangled Banner." In the midst of all this, on March 19 the Mayor was ap- proached regarding the propriety and legality of utilizing some public place, such as the parade ground of the Common, for a military demonstration and trial of the preparedness of the local Base Hospital Units. He reacted favorably. The Sur- geon-General gave his hearty approval, as did General Wood, then Commander of the Department of the East. The Red Cross authorities also expressed interest in the project, though they could not promise anything more than their moral support to it. On March 20 the Director-General of Military Relief wrote : " It looks today as if war was certain and we are tremen- dously busy." This was seven weeks after our severance of dip- lomatic relations with Germany, and there was every reason for the country to get busy. The Boston Common Project An account of this effort to mobilize our local Red Cross Hos- pitals for a short period of training may not be out of place. It was a somewhat exciting chapter in the story of our own Unit which fathered the idea. It led moreover to its being selected as the second Unit to be sent overseas, for it gave the impression that the Unit was at least morally prepared for service, whether or not it was physically so. None of us had the slightest idea, nor apparently did Wash- ington have, of the possible nature of the future service, if any, that we would be called upon to render. The general idea pre- vailed that the local Base Hospital Units might come to occupy some vacant building like a school-house in the community, or MOBILIZATION ENDEAVORS 21 might even be sent as far as the border for service. That the hospital would ever serve under canvas such as had been used for twenty-four hours in Fairmont Park for No. 4's demonstra- tion was unthinkable, and indeed tents for such a purpose were unobtainable. Drs. Brewer and Burnap of the Presbyterian Unit in New York had been working upon plans for a portable-house type of buildings, and, as is known, they succeeded in raising sufficient money to establish a complete hospital with this ideal construction. This Columbia hospital was erected and utilized during the next two years, though Base Hospital No. 2 which followed us to France in May never had the opportunity of en- joying this ideal establishment themselves. An encouraging letter from the Director-General, of March 31, expressing warm support for the proposed mobilization, stated : I think we will be able to get the tentage necessary, but have a strong conviction that portable-house constructions instead of canvas should be used for several parts of the hospital. The operating-room, for instance, should be a portable house, which is much easier to protect against dust and flies than any canvas shelter. It is also desirable to have the kitchen, the laboratory, the administrative offices, X-ray and dental offices in portable houses, reserving the canvas for the wards, the dining-rooms and the sleeping accommodations for the personnel, which, after all, make up the greater part of the floor space. I do not suppose that you would want to mobilize more wards than you could fill with the casualty cases which would be sent you under your agreement with the Mayor, so would not need your full number of nurses and nurses' aids. With the understanding that this office ap- proves the general scheme of the mobilization and will do everything it can to help out, I would suggest that you determine what the limitations in size of the hospital will be in this respect, and let us know so that we can see about the tentage. Of course everyone expects war to be declared next week, but the procedure of the creation of an army will go on, I think, in a rather leisurely way; and so it is probable that there will be plenty of time to get through with your mobilization before there is any danger of your being called out for active service. Everything is so uncertain that this is only a guess, but I give it to you for what it is worth. It is certain 22 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 that the Surgeon-General has no intention of calling out these very large medical units until there is actual need for them.^ It was hoped that sufficient interest would be aroused during the successive mobilization of the three Units to make possible the raising of a sum sufficient to justify the 'purchase of a con- siderable number of portable huts, particularly if the community would come to see the disadvantage of attempting to carry out the work of a Base Hospital under canvas. When one today realizes how rapidly acres and acres of wooden buildings for bar- racks, offices and hospitals sprang into existence during the next few months it is astonishing how difficult it was to get the move- ment started. The following statement setting forth the main purpose of the movement was prepared and circulated early in April, shortly after the existence of a state of war was officially announced : CONCERNING THE PROPOSED MOBILIZATION OF BASE HOSPITALS NOS. 5, 6, AND 7 ( I ) Objects. A large sum of money has been raised in this community, circa $100,000, for the equipment of three Red Cross Base Hospitals, which are to revert to the army service when called upon, now that war is declared. The organizations as jet are merely on paper, and no one knows whether they will be efFective or utterly impotent if summoned for active service. It is as important for these untried units to have a mobilization as it is for raw troops and inexperienced officers of the line. The present equipment is undoubtedly very incomplete — how incomplete can only be told by actual experience. The imperfections in the organiza- tions and the oversights in the equipment can only be disclosed by trial. The procuring of the present obvious needs, moreover, such as perishable goods, uniforms, kitchen, laundry, and other outfits, will be expedited. The mother hospitals, meanwhile, can be called upon to supplement our immediate wants as we find gaps in our existing equipment, and we are more likely to become provided with all essentials as we demonstrate the extent to which we shall have to borrow. If we were suddenly called out and sent elsewhere, we could not thus supplement our stores by borrowing. The officers will get a necessary experience with army papers and for- malities under conditions which are utterly new to most of them, and in many ways as different from their usual activities as are the tasks of the soldier from that of the civilian. 1 At this time forty-two American Red Cross Army or Navy Base Hospitals were in process of organization; twenty-eight of them had raised the necessary money for their equipment, but all were crying for information. MOBILIZATION ENDEAVORS 23 A further object lies in the possibility and probability that the proposed mobilization will enable the three Base Hospitals to promptly enroll the minor personnel to its standard of one hundred and fifty, instead of the scant fifty now secured with difficulty. Should the regular army, navy, and marine corps recruiting stations be placed in the vicinity of the hospital com- pound, a great number of volunteers who are refused as soldiers or sailors on the ground of age or some slight physical defect, could in all likelihood be tempted to enlist with one or another of these hospitals. The above are the primary objects, namely, to perfect and train these organizations. Incidental objects are the help that such a mobilization would doubtless give to the Red Cross should a membership enrollment booth be placed at the entrance of the encampment. Further, the presence of such an encampment with people in uniform would in all likelihood stimulate enlistment in the regular services, for recruiting stations could profitably be put in the immediate vicinity. Similar mobilizations are to be undertaken in New York. The Rocke- feller Institute has already drawn up its plans for one, and Dr. Carrel is to be called back from France to take charge of it. We can doubtless learn much from each other's undertaking. (2) Site. Several have been proposed. The athletic field of the Fen- way is dusty in dry weather and muddy after a rainfall. From a sanitary standpoint it promises to be an undesirable area for an encampment of any sort, especially a hospital, owing to imperfect drainage. The so-called parade ground of the Common at Beacon and Charles Streets would seem the more natural place. It is central and convenient to the usual source of accidents which are largely taken to the Relief Station. It is associated with patriotic demonstrations of all kinds. It is turfed and there is a good slope for drainage ; it could be easily policed ; it is a better place for recruit- ing. The Park Commission report that gas, water, and sewer connections could be put in with but little expense. (3) The Question OF Legality OF Treating Patients. The Red Cross has already had a demonstration of one of these base hospital mobiliza- tions under tents on Fairmont Park in Philadelphia. The present idea is to carry this further and actually put the hospital in operation. This would mean taking the city accident cases, most of which now go to the Relief Station. It would doubtless require a legal ruling that the base hospitals for the time being, let us say three weeks or a month, are to take the place of the Relief Station as city institutions. The question has been raised as to whether patients would be willing to go to a quasi-military hospital under tents even in May or June. How- ever, inasmuch as their ailments would be attended to by more experienced men than otherwise, it is probable that the victims of accident or sudden ill- ness on the city streets would be glad to take advantage of the opportunity. As is true of the Relief Station, after receiving their first aid they could immediately be evacuated to their homes or to one or the other established hospitals, if it seems best. The experience with handling the papers and army forms relating to such cases and their transfer would be just as valu- able as if they remained. 24 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 (4) Character of the Outlay. For the nvo days' demonstration of last fall in Philadelphia, army tents, provided by the government, w^ere erected. Even though a base hospital is not likely to be under canvas, never- theless, as has been the case abroad, they may have to be, and the experi- ence vv^ill be all the better test of our organization. Tents, moreover, are more representative of a military establishment such as w^e shall represent, and tents are advocated for w^arm w^eather, even for our civil hospitals. Plans are on foot to erect portable houses for these base hospitals, and it is on this basis that the Rockefeller Institute is at work. Designs for these ward units are available, and if the specifications are obtainable and they are not too expensive, the operating pavilion, the X-ray plant, and the ad- ministrative offices might be so housed. Probably only one ward of say thirty beds is all that need be put in actual operation, but it would seem advisable to have sufficient tents put up (if they are available) to represent five hundred beds, if for no other reason than to get some idea of the size of the ultimate encampment and the best ways of laying it out in relation to kitchen, operating-room, dispensary administration, and so on. We would not need to call out our entire force of officers or nurses or minor personnel. They could rotate, and doubtless all (except the civil employees) would wish to serve for the few days without remuneration. (5) Question of Expense. Here we have nothing to go on. The mobilization in Philadelphia, I am told, cost $5,000, largely expended in the transportation of the personnel from Cleveland and of the equipment from New York. The demonstration lasted only two days, and there were no patients, though the tents were wired, plumbing installed, water provided, and the operating-room and sterilizer were set up ready for work. Possible Sources of Expense on the basis that the army will supply tents, an army officer, and a detachment to erect them, are as follows: 1. Two portable houses for operating-room and one ward . . $5,000 2. For transportation of equipment 500 3. Sewer and water connections 700 4. Installation of telephones, ambulance signals, electricity, etc. 200 5. One hundred uniforms for minor and civilian personnel . . 250 6. Food for three weeks, at fifty cents, for one hundred people (twenty patients, twenty officers, thirty nurses, thirty minor personnel) 1,000 7. Labor, including wages of cooks, orderlies, etc 1,000 8. Laundry lOO 9. Fuel 100 $8,850 Fifty per cent for contingencies 4>425 $13,275 It is quite probable that these are outside estimates. Offers have already been made for the lumber for portable houses. They should be so con- structed as to be salable or subsequently useful for other encampments. It MOBILIZATION ENDEAVORS 25 is quite probable that the installation of telephones and wiring might be done for a very nominal cost, or possibly for nothing, by the telephone and telegraph companies if they were properly approached. The same is true of several other of these items. Enrolled medical students would be glad to serve as employees without charge. Laundry and fuel very possibly might be donated. Even if they are not so donated, the presumable cost is not so excessive as to be prohibitive, and sums of money have already been offered toward this end. Washington meanwhile promised to detail an officer and to supply a detachment of N. C. O.'s and men to assist in the mobilization. Colonel Chamberlain of the Medical Corps was chosen for the purpose, and he in conjunction with Mr. R. H. Kettell, an architect who had enrolled himself with the Unit, worked out plans which were accepted by the Mayor and finally published. Provisional arrangements were made with Mr. Hodgson of Dover, who had already supplied buildings for the Depage Hospital at La Panne, to construct four portable units : an administration building, operating pavilion, kitchen, and one typical ward, the delivery of which could be promised by May 15. The rest of the encampment was to be in tents. Meanwhile the Park Commission, the legal advisers of the City Government, and finally the Legis- lature itself, had to be consulted, and last of all funds had to be assured. It was at this juncture that the British and French missions under Balfour and Joffre were on their way to this country. General Leonard Wood, who to New England's distress had been transferred to the Department of the Southeast, was in Boston with some other officials, supposedly incognito, awaiting the arrival of the British commissioners, who, after landing in Halifax, were to be met at the International Bridge. On April 18, two days before this event took place, a meeting was called at the Mayor's office, at which General Wood, Admiral Bowles and Mr. Eliot Wadsworth, chairman of the Red Cross, all spoke most warmly in favor of the proposed mobilization. A number of prominent and patriotic citizens who were present thereupon guaranteed the project by generously subscribing a fund of nearly $20,000, sufficient to justify the letting of a contract for four 26 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 buildings of the portable type. Mr. George C. Cutler was made treasurer of the fund;^ and we immediately went to work to complete our plans for a mobilization by the middle of May. Though the country at this time had been two weeks " at war," people were still rubbing their eyes, hardly awake to the fact; and it is strange to recall that not until some time later did even the regular army officers receive orders to appear publicly in uniform. People stared curiously at the recruiting booths, and aside from the occasional parade of the Harvard Regiment it was hardly known what a soldier looked like. One need not wonder, therefore, that the proposed mobilization met with marked opposition from conservative quarters, who regarded it as a desecration to the Common and a political dodge on the part of some rather than a patriotic movement. To crown the discouragements from these sources the army finally confessed that they had no suitable tents to supplement the four huts which had been ordered. They suggested that tentage might be secured from the local militia; the militia in turn confessed to having none. Finally the Committee of Public Safety, whose interest had become aroused in the project, elicited the following telegram from Washington : SURGEON-GENERAL WILL TELEGRAPH GENERAL CLARENCE EDWARDS COMMANDING NORTHEASTERN DEPARTMENT TO ASK THAT TENTAGE FROM POSTS NEAR BOSTON BE LOANED FOR MOBILIZATION IF NO WARD TENTS AVAILABLE WARDS CAN BE MADE OF SEVERAL HOSPITAL TENTS PITCHED END TO END DOn't GET DISCOURAGED. The personnel of the Unit, meanwhile, was undergoing inevi- table changes. A great loss was sustained by Dr. Strong's sup- ^ The original contributors of April i8: $19,300. Everett C. Benton Francis J. O'Hara Mrs. S. Parkman Blake A. C. Ratchesky Allston Burr Fred B. Rice Alexander Cochrane John L. Saltonstall James M. Curley R. M. Saltonstall George C. Cutler Mrs. J. M. Sears W. Cameron Forbes Mrs. H. N. Slater F. L. Higginson E. T. Slattery Henry L. Higginson Bowen Tufts George C. Lee F. G. Webster Jos. Grafton Minot Robert Winsor MOBILIZATION ENDEAVORS 27 posedly temporary withdrawal to join a group of scientists on a government mission to France. Dr. E. C. Cutler was trans- ferred from Base Hospital No. 6, with which he was enrolled, and as acting adjutant assumed much of the burden of this active and trying period. The community at this time, slowly awakening to a war spirit, was aroused to some enthusiasm by its first glimpse of horizon bleu when the three French officers arrived who were to train the Harvard Regiment. Major Azan, one of these officers, as a blesse having had abundant personal experience with military hospitals, Interested himself in the practice mobilization suffi- ciently to address a group of influential citizens, many of whom had not yet been persuaded that a hospital was as essential a part of the military establishment as a regiment, and feared that its presence on the Common would discourage rather than help en- listment. This was on Saturday, April 28, and during the course of the meeting the following message was received from Wash- ington, which put an end to the Common episode to the mutual satisfaction of all parties : WASHINGTON D. C. I.30 P.M. APRIL 28 I917. WIRE THIS OFFICE EARLIEST POSSIBLE DATE THAT YOUR UNIT CAN BE MOBILIZED FOR DUTY ABROAD NOTIFY IF ANY CHANGE IN COMMIS- SIONED PERSONNEL GIVING NAMES AND ADDRESSES ONLY OFFICERS COM- MISSIONED IN THE RESERVE CAN BE SENT WITH THE UNIT IF ANY MEMBER OF STAFF NOT YET EXAMINED HAVE THEM REPORT AT ONCE FOR EXAMINATION PAPERS TO BE SENT SPECIAL TO THIS OFFICE. GORGAS. This was the first of a series of telegrams which settled once and for all the practice mobilization. Not realizing that we were to go empty-handed with the promise that we would find all that we would need on our arrival, and under the supposition that some time would be required to complete our equipment and imperfect organization, the following reply was sent : BOSTON. 3 P.M. APRIL 28 I917. WILL GET READY IMMEDIATELY FOR EARLIEST POSSIBLE SAILING WOULD LIKE TO KNOW WHETHER TO CONTINUE WITH MOBILIZATION COULD PROBABLY GET COMPLETE PORTABLE OUTFIT FOUR BUILDINGS NOW NEARLY COMPLETED OTHERS UNDER WAY SHALL WE COUNTER- 28 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 MAND THESE? WOULD LIKE TO KNOW HOW LONG WE WILL HAVE FOR PREPARATION ONLY OFFICERS UNIFORMS AS YET ORDERED COULD WE MAKE PUBLIC THAT WE ARE CALLED FOR SERVICE ABROAD? WOULD ENABLE US TO MATERIALLY IMPROVE AND PERHAPS COMPLETE EN- LISTED PERSONNEL IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS IF YOU GIVE THIS PERMISSION. As was subsequently learned the Balfour Mission, which had reached Washington only a week before, had made clear through Colonel T. H. J. C. Goodwin, the representative of the R. A. M. C, that a re-enforcement of medical officers was the most pressing need of the British Expeditionary Force in France. This was due to the adoption by the Central Powers on Febru- ary I of the Von Tirpitz program of unrestricted submarine war- fare, in consequence of which not only passenger ships but hos- pital ships had been sunk without warning, and the British had been led to believe that most of their wounded would have to be cared for in France. Only a few days later, on May i in fact, Lord Percy admitted publicly that " Germany is sinking ships faster than the Allies can build them." Any doubts which may have been harbored as to the question of days or weeks to intervene were answered by these further messages : WASHINGTON D. C. 1. 35 P.M. APRIL 28 I917. ORDERS WILL BE ISSUED TO MOBILIZE BASE HOSPITAL FIVE IMMEDI- ATELY FOR SERVICE ABROAD ROLL ON FILE HERE SHOWS ONLY SIX CAPTAINS THIRTEEN LIEUTENANTS ENTITLED TO TEN CAPTAINS TEN LIEUTENANTS NOT INCLUDING DENTISTS . , . SEE CHIEF QUARTER- MASTER NORTHEASTERN DIVISION TO DRAWING EQUIPMENT AND CLOTH- ING FOR MEN . . . SURGEON-GENERAL WILL PROVIDE TEN TRAINED NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND SUFFICIENT ENLISTED MEN TO FILL UP UNIT ANSWER COLLECT. J. R. KEAN. WASHINGTON D. C. 4.33 P.M. APRIL 28 IQI?. ONLY PERSONNEL COMMISSIONED ENLISTED AND NURSES TO GO WIRE EARLIEST DATE THAT YOUR UNIT CAN BE MOBILIZED FOR JOURNEY ALL EXPENSES TO BE BORNE BY GOVERNMENT. GORGAS. ^ On Sunday, the following day, there had to be many eleventh- hour rearrangements in the Unit, and a hurried meeting was held MOBILIZATION ENDEAVORS 29 of the few officers who were already commissioned and could be gathered on short notice, in the midst of which the following was received: WASHINGTON D. C. 12. 15 P.M. APRIL 29 IQl?. DEPARTMENT WISHES TO KNOW SPECIFICALLY DATE YOUR UNIT CAN BE MOBILIZED IN ORDER THAT TRANSPORTATION MAY BE AR- RANGED DISREGARD EQUIPMENT ONLY COMMISSIONED AND ENLISTED PERSONNEL AND NURSES TO BE SENT DISREGARD PROPOSED MOBILIZA- TION IN BOSTON IN MAY YOUR UNIT DESIRED FOR ABROAD WHEN CAN YOU SAIL? GORGAS. To this was replied: "can sail Saturday, may 5TH." This would have given us five days to wind up our affairs. That night Dr. Cutler and the Director went to Washington for more exact information as to what was meant by disregarding equipment, and what the Quartermaster of the Northeastern Division was to supply to men we had not yet enlisted, particularly as the Q. M. N. E. D. had stated over the telephone he had no supplies; and what was meant by the " earliest date," whether it was really a question of days or weeks before sailing. As a matter of fact it proved to be thirteen days, and there was something of a race to see whether the Cleveland Unit, which had the advantage of their previous mobilization for which unifonns had been secured, or whether we would get away first. They pre- ceded us by only three days, but were bundled onto their trans- port very incompletely outfitted and taking with them, to the despair of our commanding officer, a group of N. C. O.'s and men from the Army Medical Corps which he had carefully selected for our own contingent. A busy day was passed in the Red Cross headquarters in Wash- ington with Colonel Kean and Major R. U. Patterson, who was selected to be the commanding officer of the Unit. Such scanty information as they had to give was handed on to the representa- tives of the Unit by General Gorgas and by Colonel Goodwin of the British Commission. It was learned that the six contingents which were selected to go at an early date were Base Hospital No. 4 the Western Reserve Unit, No. 5 our own Unit, No. 2 the Columbia University Unit, No. 10 the Pennsylvania Hospital 30 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 Unit, No. 1 2 from Northwestern University, and No. 2 1 repre- senting Washington University. In view of the greatly increased submarine activity, it was felt necessary to keep the departure of these contingents as quiet as possible; but nevertheless permission was finally granted to an- nounce our sailing in the Boston papers, for in no other way would it have been possible to secure the full complement of per- sonnel which had to be raised from its accepted number of fifty to one hundred and fifty. Colonel Kean, therefore, sent the fol- lowing messages, one for the Boston papers and the other for Mayor Curley: ORDERS HAVE BEEN RECEIVED FROM THE OFFICE OF THE ADJUTANT- GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO HAVE BASE HOSPITAL NO. 5 READY FOR IMMEDIATE SERVICE ABROAD THE MOBILIZATION ON THE COMMON WILL THUS HAVE TO BE ABANDONED IT IS NECESSARY TO COMPLETE FULL COMPLEMENT OF ENLISTED PERSONNEL IN THE NEXT FEW DAYS WANTED I GO COOKS WAITERS CLERKS ORDERLIES CARPENTERS ELECTRICIANS AND OTHER ARTIZANS FOR ENLISTMENT IN THE MEDI- CAL CORPS MEN WHO HAVE SEEN SERVICE WITH THE ARMY NAVY OR MARINE CORPS PREFERRED AGE LIMIT 40 YEARS APPLY AT THE HAR- VARD MEDICAL SCHOOL TUESDAY (maY IST) BETWEEN 4.OO AND 9.OO IN THE EVENING. MAYOR JAMES J. CURLEY I BASE HOSPITAL NO. 5 OWING TO THEIR ACTIVITY IN PREPARING FOR MOBILIZATION HAVE BEEN CHOSEN TO GO ABROAD FOR IMMEDIATE SERVICE IN THE ARMY MEDICAL CORPS PROPOSED MOBILIZATION ON BOSTON COMMON THEREFORE NECESSARILY COUNTERMANDED IT IS TO BE HOPED HOWEVER THAT THE BOSTON PROJECT TO PUT THIS UNIT UNDER PORTABLE BUILDINGS WILL NOT BE ABANDONED AS THESE BUILDINGS CAN BE SENT LATER TO BE USED BY UNIT ABROAD WHERE THEY WILL BE VERY MUCH NEEDED. This last message shows how little anyone realized the diffi- culty we would subsequently have of receiving any part of our equipment after we once were sent abroad. Indeed some of the Units which later on were sent fully outfitted got separated from their privately purchased equipment and never saw it again, so that possibly we were better off than they. There were times enough during the following six months when we would have re- joiced in one or two of our portable huts, and it was not until some ten months after we had been abroad that the chaplain »>> * i ; I ! Ik',' '^i rh' ^Ig U^^ The Enlisted Men, Van Dyke Street, May 5, 191 7 • MOBILIZATION ENDEAVORS 31 prevailed upon the Y. M. C. A. to give us a small hut as a library and recreation hall for the men. As events proved, there was no real reason for such great urgency in our departure as was sup- posed, and in view of the great shortage of building material which was found abroad, could the Unit have waited a week or ten days longer and have taken with them a few portable build- ings it would have added enormously to their comfort and that of their patients. Preparations for Departure The notice in the papers of May i met with a very prompt response, and under the lure of foreign service we could have en- rolled one thousand as easily as the needed one hundred. The volunteers were given their physical examination at the Medical School, chiefly by Drs. Towne and Bock, though nearly every- one took a hand, most of the paper work devolving upon Captain Reynolds. Those selected were given their primary typhoid inoculations and had a final overhauling during the next few days at the Harvard Dental School. As some of them had come from a distance, they were cared for in one of the local armories, and the contingent reporting each day was put through the rudiments of drill on Van Dyke Street, between the Medical School and the Brigham Hospital, by Lieutenant Villaret and Sergeant Hepburn, who had been detailed from Fort Banks for the purpose. The next few days were naturally crowded ones, and had it not been for the most generous support on the part of the community it would hardly have been possible to have gotten as nearly ready as we were when on the following Monday (May 7) the organization left Boston. The Committee of Public Safety made a donation of $5,000 to cover incidental expenses for stenographers, telegrams, telephone messages, emergency out- fitting, and travel necessary to get the Unit together. Flags were presented to the organization by Mrs. Barrett W^endell representing the Special Aid Society, which likewise provided emergency luncheons, motor cars, and gave untold assistance in many ways. The Shuman Company, although military outfitters 32 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 were being greatly pressed, set aside all engagements to insure the completion of the officers' uniforms which had to be made on short notice. Despite the instructions from Washington of April 28 there were no uniforms available in New England for the enlisted men, and it was not indeed made clear whether any of the Unit would be permitted to go aboard ship in uniform; some of the officers indeed took civilian clothes with them, as even matters such as this were not definitely passed upon. Nor was there any decision concerning the nurses' uniforms, their orders reading that they were " to travel in R. C. uniforms until the army uniforms ar- rived," and it was not until they reached New York that the Red Cross organization there succeeded in getting an emergency out- fit together for them. The nurses of Dr. Crile's Unit had perforce sailed three days earlier with no official garb. Our instructions were contained in the following telegram: MAY 4TH. NO GENERAL EQUIPMENT FOR UNIT WILL BE TAKEN EXCEPT COM- PLETE DENTAL OUTFIT IF AVAILABLE AND SUCH SPECIAL SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS AS DIRECTOR MAY DESIRE PERSONAL OUTFIT FOR EACH OFFICER IS AS FOLLOWS TWO SUITS UNIFORM BLOUSE AND BREECHES TWO PAIR BROWN BOOTS OR HIGH SHOES ONE PAIR LEATHER LEGGINS ONE PAIR UNIFORM LONG TROUSERS FOR EVENING WEAR ONE PAIR SLIPPERS ONE UNIFORM CAP ONE CAMPAIGN HAT ONE BELT FOUR PAIRS SOCKS TWO SLEEPING SHIRTS OR PAJAMAS TWO KHAKI SHIRTS TWO SETS UNDERCLOTHING ONE OVERCOAT ONE WATERPROOF TWO BLACK - TIES TWO PAIR TAN LEATHER GLOVES TWO BRASSARDS ONE WARM JERSEY TWELVE HANDKERCHIEFS SIX SOFT COLLARS FOUR TOWELS ONE WATERPROOF SHEET ONE AIR OR OTHER PILLOW THREE BLANKETS ONE HOUSEWIFE WITH NEEDLES PINS THREAD ETC. WASHING AND SHAVING KIT SUIT CASE AND BEDDING ROLL TO CONTAIN ABOVE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT WILL PROVIDE UNIFORM AND EQUIPMENT FOR MALE ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL AS SOON AS ENLISTED LIST OF NURSES OUTFIT FOLLOWS BY MAIL BLANKETS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM ORD- NANCE DEPARTMENT IN ENGLAND ON PAYMENT IF REQUIRED. The university and hospital positions held by the officers of the Unit necessitated several changes in the staff at the last moment, few if any of those who had volunteered the year before having had in mind the possibility of a prolonged for- eign service. Four of the Unit indeed were at work in the • MOBILIZATION ENDEAVORS 33 Rockefeller Institute, which was loath to let them go. As a matter of fact, however, there were surprisingly few alterations from the list of July i, 19 16, and commissions were issued by wire for the later appointees, some of them barely in time for sailing. On Saturday afternoon. May 5, our movement order was re- ceived from the Adjutant-General through General Edwards, as follows : COMMANDING GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHEAST: IN ACCORDANCE WITH PARAGRAPH 3 OF THE PROCLAMATION OF THE PRESIDENT PUBLISHED IN GENERAL ORDERS I70 . . . THE FOL- LOWING RED CROSS HOSPITAL . . . ORGANIZED IN COMPLIANCE WITH PARAGRAPH 12 COVERING AMERICAN RED CROSS IN TIME OF WAR DECEMBER 1 8 I916 — IS BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE PRESIDENT CALLED INTO ACTIVITY AND DECLARED A PART OF THE ARMY BASE HOSPITAL NO. 5 (peter BENT BRIGHAM HOSPITAL) BOSTON MASS. CONSISTING OF 2 OFFICERS OF THE MEDICAL CORPS U. S. ARMY 21 RESERVE MEDICAL OFFICERS I RESERVE QUARTERMASTER 2 RESERVE DENTAL OFFICERS 65 FEMALE NURSES 1 5 ENLISTED MEN MED. DEPT. U. S. 1 38 ENLISTED MEN LISTED RESERVE DEPARTMENT 5 CIVILIAN EMPLOYES I OF WHOM DIETITIAN AND I CHAPLAIN CIVILIAN EMPLOYES ARE EMPLOYED BY AMERICAN RED CROSS AND UNDER RULINGS WAR DEPARTMENT IN TIME OF WAR ARE ENTITLED TO TRANSPORTATION RATIONS CLOTHING ETC. IT IS DESIRED THAT YOU ISSUE ORDERS FOR THIS HOSPITAL TO PROCEED TO NEW YORK TO BE READY FOR OVERSEAS SERVICE THEY WILL EX- PECT TO SAIL FROM NEW YORK FOR ENGLAND ON MAY IITH MAJOR ROBERT U. PATTERSON PETER BENT BRIGHAM HOSPITAL IS COMMAND- ING OFFICER. MCCAIN. This message seemed sufficiently specific, but it was followed shortly after by an announcement from Washington that the ** five civilian employees one of whom dietitian and one chap- lain" would have to be provided with United States passports permitting them to sail " from an unknown port to an unknown destination." WASHINGTON D. C. MAY 5 1 7. 2.3 1 P.M. THERE WILL BE FIFTEEN REGULAR ENLISTED MEN SIX OF WHOM WILL BE NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS STOP CHAPLAIN DIETITIAN THREE STENOGRAPHIC CLERKS MUST OBTAIN APPLICATION BLANKS FEDERAL COURT BOSTON FOR PASSPORTS STOP FORWARD SAME SPECIAL DELIV- ERY BUREAU OF CITIZENSHIP FOURTEEN TWENTY THREE NEW YORK AVENUE WASHINGTON D. C. TOGETHER WITH ONE DOLLAR EACH AND 34 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 FOUR UNMOUNTED THREE BY TWO PICTURES EACH PASSPORTS RE- QUIRED FOR THOSE MENTIONED STOP WIRE IMMEDIATELY TO SURGEON GENERAL FULL NAMES OF POTTER AND PARKER MIDDLE INITIALS WILL NOT DO NECESSARY FOR COMMISSIONS. ROBT. U. PATTERSON. Photographs, passport blanks, and a dollar each were possible even on a Saturday night, but birth certificates which necessitated breaking into the depositories for such papers on the Sabbath was but one of the countless eleventh-hour orders we received which in retrospect are amusing but which at the time almost furnished the extra straw. On Sunday morning, May 6, Major R. U. Patterson, the Commanding Officer, with Captain Harmon his Adjutant, and Lieutenant Rund, Quartermaster, arrived in Boston and an- nounced that the entire contingent would have to be moved the following morning to Fort Hamilton. Although the official notice of May 4 limited the equipment we were permitted to carry, there nevertheless were innumerable things which had to be gathered at the last moment, boxed, and prepared for trans- shipment. On this our last Sunday, Bishop Lawrence conducted serv- ices for the Unit at St. Paul's Cathedral, the men not yet in uniform marching across the Common in a body. Our flags were dedicated, and the Chaplain, the Rev. Malcolm E. Pea- body, for the first time addressed the contingent. It was a moving occasion, the first of many similar ones to follow in the community. The Governor and his staff. General Ed- wards with his. Commander Rush, the Mayor, the French officers, and all those who had helped to get the Unit ready were present. It was announced that those who had so generously made con- tributions to cover the expense of the proposed mobilization had voted to put the fund at the disposal of the Director for the future purposes and needs of the hospital. The full list of the contributors were : R. L. Agassiz E. W. Atkinson Charlotte B. Binney John S. Ames Frederic Ayer Mrs. Mary L. Blake Oliver Ames S. W. Bates Peter B. Bradley Francis I. Amory Everett C. Benton Robert S. Bradley MOBILIZATION ENDEAVORS 35 Edward D. Brandegee Clara G. Brooks Peter C. Brooks Shepherd Brooks Allston Burr I. Tucker Burr S. D. Bush & Co. Henry B. Cabot Alexander Cochrane Henry W. Cook Charles E. Cotting George C. Cutler Howard Elliott Dr. E. W. Emerson William E. English W. Cameron Forbes Mrs. Louis Frothingham G. Peabody Gardner, Jr. Mrs. John L. Gardner Mrs. Geo. W. Goethals Morris Gray Mr. & Mrs. Edw. F. Greene Edward Hamlin M. G. Haughton Augustus Hemenway George Higginson Henry L. Higginson J. R. Hooper Alice G. Howe Kidder, Peabody & Co. George C. Lee Hugh G. Levick George Lewis Richard McLauren Jos. Grafton Minor F. J. O'Hara William S. Patten Harold Peabody G. G. Peters A. C. Ratchesky Fred B. Rice Julia W. Rodman Mrs. Jacob C. Rogers Elizabeth P. Ropes John L. Saltonstall R. M. Saltonstall Robert Saltonstall Sabin P. Sanger Herbert M. Sears Mrs. J. M. Sears Philip S. Sears W. F. ShrafFt & Sons William Simes Charles Simpson Mabel H. Slater E. T. Slattery Co, Edw. C. Streeter Alice M. Sturgis Mrs. Bayard Thayer Bowen Tufts H. O. Underwood F. G. Webster George R. White Mrs. C. W. Whittier Robert Winsor William M. Wood Fort Totten, May 7-1 i Early on the following morning the entire contingent was moved to New York, receiving word at the last moment while en route, among the countless orders and counter-orders, that they were to go to Fort Totten instead of Fort Hamilton, The three days there were spent in getting a foretaste of the peculiarities of the army as a business concern, and in getting the men equipped and drilled, and we owed much to Lieutenant Villaret and Cap- tain Reynolds who stuck to us to the last, though Captain Reyn- olds, much to the disappointment of all, had been superseded In his position as quartermaster owing to a slight physical disability. The officers were issued a memorandum of what they must be provided with before they would be permitted to sail, and many feared they would be barred from the ship if they were not in possession of such items as " i canteen cover dismounted," " i pis- tol, calibre 45 " with holster, belt and extra magazines, " i mos- quito bar," " I waist belt, web (to be worn with shirt without blouse)," " I compass," " i spurs, regulation," " i towel, bath," " I cake soap," " i brush, hair," *' i identification tag with tape," " I pair long trousers O. D, wool (for special occasions)," The special occasion came when the Queen visited us at Camiers, but that is another tale. 36 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 On Thursday, May lo, Marechal Joffre was being welcomed by a cheering multitude in New York, and on the following morn- ing at ten the officers, nurses, and men of Base Hospital No. 5 boarded the S. S. Saxonia and slipped down to the Narrows for all to see, though no one was supposed to know. It was a period when, aside from the U-boat activity, things looked not discouraging for the Allies. The Canadian success at Vimy Ridge had been followed by the German withdrawal to the Hindenburg line in the Somme. Bagdad had fallen and the Turks had suffered a serious reverse. An extensive operation was staged by the French in the Champagne region, of which we had only heard favorable reports, and the failure of which was as yet unannounced. The Russian revolution seemed to favor the Allies and the Root Commission had left for Petrograd, The Italians were doing well toward Trieste; and we had the feeling, which so many Units leaving for overseas subsequently shared, that the war would soon be over and we would be fortu- nate even to get in at the finish. The Voyage and England The Saxonia was largely interested in her consignment of war munitions, and our small Unit, constituting practically her only passengers, was merely an incident in her voyage. It was not a time when people crossed for pleasure, for the submarine activity was at its height, and the elaborate system of convoys had not been established. Though wireless messages were received none could be sent out, and though our course was not betrayed by the captain we evidently took a southerly route across the Gulf Stream and finally zigzagged up through the Bay of Biscay, which was ominously littered with wreckage. The days were filled with continued inoculations and vaccina- tions, with inspections, with calisthenics and drills for officers, nurses, and men conducted by an energetic C. O. ; and under the protection of a three-inch stern rifle we were instructed in re- volver practice at a moving target. This, being the ocean, was usually hit. The last part of the trip, as we neared the danger zone, with MOBILIZATION ENDEAVORS 37 its closed port-holes, its boat drills, its incessant watch with field glasses for periscopes, and above all with its enforced intimacy with life belts which had to be worn day and night, left an ab- horrence of cork and canvas in the minds of all. On May 21, ten days out, we were picked up by a single destroyer which ac- companied us during the night and saw us in a cold fog into Fal- mouth the following afternoon. May 22. It was probably more dangerous than we realized, for as we learned later from the naval commander of the port, the City of Corinth had been tor- pedoed off the Scilly Islands only an hour before we passed there. It was not what you might call an enthusiastic reception, and we doubtless were more impressed with our importance than the British, who as a matter of fact had not been notified of our sail- ing. A worthy territorial officer had been hustled from London at the last moment to meet us, and we were divided into two parties, the officers and nurses to London and the men to the Blackpool encampment, where with their leather-faced artillery leggins and bolo knives they must have startled the wearers of puttees, if the Tommy could be startled by anything. We became reunited again at Folkestone on May 30, crossed the Channel on a crowded packet in a dense fog surrounded by growling destroyers we could not see, and landing in Boulogne, where later we were to become so much at home, the officers and nurses were gathered in char-a-bancs and taken to Camiers, whereas the men and our baggage followed by train the next day. The Camiers Period No. II GENERAL was not a prepossessing place and showed the effects of two years' occupancy more in the nature of wear and tear than in livableness. Rows of canvas marquees closely crowded, a badly drained area full of old sump- pits to the despair of the C. O. and the sanitary squad, a cluster of bell tents for the officers, no exercising ground except the dis- tant hills, a hospital capable of expansion to over two thousand patients with, from our civilian standpoint, a most meager equip- ment, a railroad embankment on one side preventing drainage, a Kaffir encampment with a barbed-wire enclosure on another, an encampment for contagious cases on a third side, largely sur- rounded us. Our predecessors had had a sorry time and were worn out under the strain of eight thousand severely wounded which had passed through their hands since the Somme offensive beginning with the Vimy Ridge affair on April 9. The business of taking over was a complicated one, doubly so as official returns had to be made both to our own and the British army, and the strain of this, added to ill health, was too much for our poor quarter- master, who took his life before the week was out with one of the abominable automatics with which we had been provided. Early Impressions We had a warning on almost our very first day of what was to follow — a visiting German avion passed over so high as to be well out of reach of the neighboring anti-aircraft guns, but all the machine guns of the vicinity sent off some bursts at him, most of the missiles returning to earth in our compound, one bullet dropping to stick in the floor between Lieutenant Morton and a patient he was dressing. Fortunately for the first week A Typical Row of Hospital Marquees in "B Lines" WITH the Cement Works Beyond Camiers Camp, Looking toward "A Lines" with the Cement Works Beyond THE CAMIERS PERIOD 39 during our " taking over " period, convoys of patients were few and the hospitals of the area were largely evacuated, only the serious and badly infected cases, of which we had many, remaining. It admittedly was a hospital run down at the heel, the poorest site in the huge Camiers-Etaples district, primarily a huge train- ing area for troops but capable of hospitalizing seventy thousand sick and wounded as well. There was nothing for it but to set to work cleaning the place up, and it is to the everlasting credit of the Unit that there was so little grumbling at the crowding and discomforts, particularly those which the men had to put up with. This, one of them put into memorable verse, which began: In Camiers by the sea, in the 5th M. E. R. C. In mud up to my knee, and it 's mud we get for tea ; The stretchers, I found, came hard up from the ground. You had to hustle, use all your muscle, And the nurses wore a frown. As soon as we realized what was in store for us and that we were sadly undermanned for a hospital of this size, a cable was sent home appealing for a motor car, for four portable huts, and requesting re-enforcements — for twenty junior officers, twenty- five nurses, our nurses' aids, and eighty enlisted men — which would put the Unit, so far as personnel was concerned, about on the basis of the Unit we were succeeding. The War Department authorized fifteen nurses and forty enlisted men, who arrived July 30, and also five lieutenants, two of whom (Clute and With- ington) finally reached us six months later. Fortunately there were a few huts in what were called the B lines, a good operating pavilion, an administration building, two wards, a mess hall for the men and another for the officers; and though they leaked sadly and were rat-infested, this at least gave opportunity for a Saturday afternoon sporting event ar- ranged by Captain Lyman the mess officer, at which some Tom- mies from the machine-gun encampment nearby, provided with ferrets and a motley collection of dogs, would assemble and sur- round the structure for a rat hunt. Indeed we even went so far as to purchase some ferrets and appoint a keeper thereof, but what became of them I know not. 40 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 Getting Equipped and Broken In Although we were effectually cut off from any home supplies, Mrs. Whitelaw Reid in England generously came to our aid with warm clothing, mackintoshes, boots, and hats for the nurses, and through Mr. Russell Greeley and Mr. Geoffrey Dodge of the Service de Distribution Americaine, the Paris clearing house for American supplies, we obtained just before their stores were taken over by the A. R. C. an abundance of things ranging from Squibb's ether to warm dressing-gowns, which it would have been impossible to obtain later when this organization was taken over by the Red Cross and put on a military basis v/hich necessitated securing supplies through channels. Best of all, a Ford ambu- lance of the type used by our volunteer ambulance corps serving with the French army was obtained from Mr. Richard Norton of the Norton-Harjes Formation, who, together with Mr. An- drew of the American Ambulance Field Service, was on the point of surrendering his corps to our own army. This precious ma- chine enabled us to go to market in Etaples without requisitioning a car each time from a reluctant D. D. M. S., and though it lost its original color and in time grew very decrepit, it remained, nevertheless, under Private R. S. McDonald's experienced hands, capable of progression to the end of our stay — our only legiti- mate means of transportation. But there were other things which more than atoned for our situation. There was plenty of work to do and plenty of inter- est in the, to us, novel professional life. Regular weekly medical meetings were established, and the custom was kept up during our entire stay in France. The weather was, for Picardy, exception- ally fine and we became accustomed to the frigid nights. The low hills overlooking the area were bedecked with flowers and the larks sang wondrously. We were all well and enthusiastic and there was an abundance of food. The enlisted men made prepa- rations to print a monthly news-sheet, "The Vanguard," the first A. E. F. publication, whose first issue appeared in November, 19 1 7, with Sergeant H. S. Bartlett as its editor-in-chief. A base- ball team was organized with Private Bartlett and Sergeant Cook The Commanding Officer and the Queen Camiers, July 6, 1917 THE CAMIERS PERIOD 41 as battery, and a series of games, weather permitting, were ar- ranged with Canadian No. i and No. 3, and the Chicago Unit, our neighbors. The British officers in the area, notably the con- sultants Sir George Makins and Sir John Rose Bradford, were most cordial and co-operative; and from time to time we had a number of distinguished and interesting visitors, on one occa- sion Her Majesty the Queen. Early in our period of service many officers began to be withdrawn for special duties. Captain Boothby had been de- tached before we left England, to join the Gas Service, and it was quite evident that the remaining officers, especially the seniors among them, were likely to be called away as time went on. The commanding officer, moreover, found himself in an embarrassing position with a so-called director of the Unit on his hands for whom there were no accredited duties in the Tables of Organization of Army Hospitals, and it was clear that the direc- tor would have to find work for himself elsewhere. This was offered in the form of service in Casualty Clearing Stations, first during the Messines battle and subsequently as the head of a team in connection with No. 46 C. C. S. during the long drawn- out Passchendaele offensive. Casualty Clearing Station Assignments First and last many members of the Unit served as members of successive operating teams at No. 46 C. C. S., one of the three Clearing Stations at Mendinghem just north of Poperinghe, — Cushing, Derby, Denny, Forbes, Goethals, Harvey, Horrax, Morton, Seeley, Sullivan, Towne; with Miss Gerrard and Miss Wright as anaesthetists, and Privates Clifford and McDonald as orderlies. The use of nurses as anaesthetists was a novelty in the British army, and in view of the fact that there was a great shortage of medical officers, which a special commission had come to France to investigate, the principle was adopted, though with some hesitation, by the R. A. M. C, and the training for this special work of nursing sisters — Canadian, New Zealand and Australian — came to be one of our tasks in Boulogne the follow- ing winter. 42 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 It was hoped that many more of our Unit might in rotation have the advantage of this experience in a forward hospital with the British Vth Army. The C. O. however was not in accord with this project, and there was perhaps much to be said on his side, for when clearing stations were busy base hospitals were also, and too many shifts, no matter how willing the British were to make them for our salces, were not in accordance with our army policy. Moreover, Captain Cannon had been de- tached, and as it proved permanently, to work on questions relat- ing to wound shock first at No. 33 C. C. S. in Bethune, and subse- quently in England; Major Osgood had been called to Paris to collaborate with others in the standardization of the army ortho- paedic appliances, being succeeded as Chief of the Surgical Section in the hospital by Captain Binney; and Captain Robertson had gone forward to work on transfusion at No. 48 C. C. S. The British war establishment for a 1040-bed hospital in- cluded a personnel of three hundred and ten exclusive of the V. A. D.'s and " Permanent Base " men, amounting, all told, in the case of our predecessors to four hundred and fifty-seven per- sons, whereas our Unit comprised only two hundred and thirty- four persons in all ranks and capacities. During the month of June three thousand patients were passed through the hospital, and on July i there were eighteen hundred and seventy-six on the list of sick and wounded inmates. We had been able to carry on only by retaining two hundred and twenty-five of the British per- sonnel: two officers, a quartermaster, seventy-two men, forty V. A. D.'s, and ninety-nine P. B. men, they being convalescents unfit to return to the line but capable of work with organiza- tions in the line of communication; and hospitals naturally had the first chance to capture them. Rumors of Change of Station One of the chief defects in the hospital plant was its lack of laboratory facilities, which not only hampered the M. O.'s in the study of their cases but made it almost impossible to undertake such investigations of war diseases as many mem- bers of the Unit were by training capable of undertaking. In- THE CAMIERS PERIOD 43 deed for a post-mortem examination it was necessary to go to the mortuary at Etaples. Though we had adopted the adage " to do what you can, with what you have, right where you are," nevertheless a request for improvements in this direction led to a visit from Colonel Leischmann, the Chief Sanitary Officer of the B. E. F., and subsequently to a confession from the authorities that No. 1 1 General was such an undesirable hospital site it was hardly worth while expending money for the purpose proposed. The matter came to the attention of the D. G. M. S., Sir Arthur Sloggett, who from the outset had done everything pos- sible to favor the conditions of work of the American Units. He saw the desirability of a change of station and made a most generous offer, giving us the alternative of taking over No. 13 General in the Casino at Boulogne or of going forward and establishing from the ground a new and more advanced base hos- pital at Longuenesse, near St. Omer. This promised to become a new and important hospital center, especially if the coming Passchendaele operation should be successful and the line in Flan- ders considerably advanced. Though many strongly favored the latter proposal, the following experience which had been told us of another Unit in our area, somewhat dampened our ardor on the subject of being moved at all. The C. O. of this organization wanted a stove for one of the wards — wanted it so badly he made a fuss, so much of a fuss "They" decided the best way to ease the situation was to move the Unit to a new place where there were fewer privations. The transfer was begun, but before the new station was completely taken over it was decided by someone still higher up to put an entirely different Unit, just come overseas, on the site. So the partly moved Unit had to be shifted elsewhere, and when the general situation was gone over it was apparent that there was only one hospital site lacking its personnel, so to this they were sent. The only drawback was it happened to be the place they had originally vacated, and the first-comers arrived just as the last of their own Unit were leaving for the new station — like a snake swallowing its tail. 44' U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 After all, it is perhaps as well for us that Boulogne was finally chosen, for during the German advance on the Lys the following spring the St. Omer base hospitals, including the one at Longue- nesse which had become No. 9 Canadian Stationary, all had to be abandoned owing to their exposed positions, which subjected them to shell fire and to innumerable air raids. Nothing could be learned, moreover, during the summer of our ultimate fate, whether, as had been originally stated, we were to be taken over by our own army when the troops began to arrive or whether we were to remain permanently with the British. Lack of information on this score was particularly em- barrassing for General Sloggett, who could not well make per- manent arrangements for us if we were to be detached from the B. E. F. in May of 19 18, as he was warned we might be. Routine and Reinforcements Meanwhile Colonel Patterson had been licking No. 1 1 Gen- eral into better shape; the drainage had been improved, the mess hut made more habitable; and he was vainly endeavoring to construct a sump-pit which would last more than a few weeks. Those of the men who participated in this engineering project will recall with aching backs the 30-foot hole back of the operat- ing pavilion dug into the stratum of dense clay which had a habit of petrifying when exposed to the air. Those were days of a succession of General Orders which issued from the C. O. through Major Harmon, and to the enlisted men such as the following may seem familiar: The Manlove disinfector at the foot of A lines will hereafter be used for the sterilization of patients' clothing and ward surgical dress- ings. After the patients have been admitted to the ward it is the duty of the ward orderly, under the supervision of the ward masters and ward surgeons, to deliver the patients' clothing as soon as possible to the dis- infection tent (foot of A lines), and to deliver all surgical dressing ma- terials to the Manlove disinfector not later than 3 p. M. and call for them not later than 5.30 P. M. the same afternoon. It was in the process of this performance that our personnel began to pick up its first cases of trench fever, and suspicion be- came aroused against the cooties as agents thereof. This was Looking toward the Ridges between "C Lines" (Left) AND Officers' Compound (Right), Camiers Looking Down on the Camiers Hospital Group from the Ridges THE CAMIERS PERIOD 45 long before the Trench Fever Committee under Dr. Strong posi- tively convicted the louse of transmitting the disease, and our attention was being directed toward spirochaetes, which had been claimed as the agent of infection. The Officer of the Day, too, was being reminded of varied and changing duties, from his attendance at morning calisthenics immediately after reveille to his attendance before midnight to quell disorder and quench unauthorized lights and laughter. He moreover had this delicate task : 2. He will visit the Bar in the Non-Commissioned Officers' Mess between Retreat and 10 p. m., inspect the bar and ascertain if there is any disorder. If so take immediate remedial measures and make verbal report to Commanding Officer of the circumstances at the first con- venient opportunity, and also a written report of the prescribed form at the expiration of his tour of duty. All this and much more filled the days, as the operations in Flanders were filling all the base hospitals with wounded, some- times, as on August i, with nine hundred and sixty-four admis- sions in twenty-four hours, which tells of the opening battle of July 31 and our first introduction to mustard gas. There were foretastes, too, of what life under decrepit canvas during a French winter might amount to when during the gales and rains of late August many of our marquees were leveled and tent-pegs had no more hold in the wet clay than had it been dough. During August the fifteen additional nurses and thirty-five en- listed men had arrived, and certain medical officers who had come to France as casuals were added to the staff, — Lieutenants McGuire, Woolley, Kenan, Whidden, Smith, Sullivan, Seeley, and Fitzsimons who was appointed Adjutant to succeed Major Harmon who had been called to our G. H. Q. at Tours. These officers for the most part occupied a group of bell tents separated by a low hedge from the original enclosure of officers' tents, whose disposition in relation to the rest of the marquees, tents, and huts is shown in the plan drawn by Private Frost. The hospital, moreover, was the most northerly of the long series of hospitals extending a matter of some ten miles from Etaples to Dannes along the main Boulogne-Amiens Railway 46 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 line. Between the two hospital groups, the more northerly at Camiers and the southerly group near Etaples, lay on the sand dunes a huge training ground for British troops, where once Caesar and again Napoleon had trained their armies in days gone by. The Air Raid of September Fourth No. 1 1 General, as stated, was the most northerly of the whole series of hospitals, very near the station at Dannes and flanked on the north by a large Portland cement works which not only made a distinctive landmark, but being in constant operation was often lighted at night. Then, too, there was a large ammunition dump not far beyond, and the entire area was of course well known to the enemy, who must have had accurate aerial photographs of it. Whether or not it was an established policy of the enemy to bomb hospitals, whether it was a matter of presumed reprisals, whether the hospitals, as was more or less inevitable, were placed too near troop encampments and military stores, railroad sidings and ammunition dumps, whether bombing of hospitals was consequently accidental or an expression of personal " hate " on the part of some individual avions, need not now be discussed. The Casualty Clearing Stations in forward areas were of course continually subjected to nocturnal bombing raids, and few of the fifteen or more of these stations behind the British Vth Army during the early Passchendaele operation had escaped fatalities from those horrible nightmare experiences. But the Base had so far been exempt until on the night of September 4, 19 17, without warning other than the extinguish- ing of lights in the area a few moments before, a Gotha swept over the Camiers area and dropped a succession of seven bombs, five of them being direct hits in Base Hospital No. 5's compound. The first two hits were close together among the tents of the recently attached officers. Lieutenant Fitzsimons when last seen was standing at the opening of his tent and was literally blown to pieces by a bomb which fell at his feet. Lieutenants McGuire, Whidden, and Smith occupying adjoining tents which were liter- U.S. Art^^y Base Hospital No. v5.;.' i i- Ji<«lilo fo_; r "= ' o I ^^ qg^UooQo!%----- | ? I / Plan of No. ii General Hospital, Camiers. The Heavy Black Dots in Line of Arrow Showing where Bombs were Dropped THE CAMIERS PERIOD 47 ally riddled — someone counted four hundred holes in McGuire's tent — had providential escapes, though all were more or less seriously wounded. The third and fourth bombs struck one of the large marquees full of patients, killing Private Tugo on orderly duty and slightly wounding Miss Parmelee the nurse who was standing beside him. Twenty-two bed patients in this and the adjacent marquee were more or less seriously re- wounded. The last hit, a few seconds later, was in the reception tent, where two regulars, Private Rubino and Private Woods our bugler, together with Private McLeod and Sergeant English, were on duty. Woods and Rubino were killed, McLeod so seri- ously mutilated that both legs had to be amputated at the mid- thigh. Sloan, Mason, and Stanion were also wounded, and Eng- lish had a serious "shell shock" from which he was long in re- covering. There were, needless to say, many narrow escapes, with not a few acts of heroism, and it was an experience for those who participated in it that gave a profound distaste for the many subsequent air raids the Unit had to live through during its year in Boulogne, where it was in a most exposed position to the Gothas coming in, as they usually did, from the sea. On September 8 the bodies of Lieutenant Fitzsimons, with Privates Tugo, Woods and Rubino, were interred in the great military cemetery in the sand dunes between Camiers and Etaples, the first of any of the American Expeditionary Forces to have made the great sacrifice, the more tragic for its having occurred at the hands of an unseen enemy far from the line of battle. Six months later other victims — nurses, officers and men — of far worse raids over hospitals in the vicinity came to lie beside them in that huge field of many thousands of wooden crosses, which lay in plain sight of the great training ground. Getting Attached to Camiers Despite its many shortcomings as a hospital site, which fell particularly hard upon the enlisted men, six months of hard work and service interspersed by play when the opportunity arose, bred the inevitable attachment to No. 1 1 General as the Unit's home. We had agreeable neighbors, British and Cana- 48 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 dian, as well as an American hospital, for another of the original six — the Chicago Unit — had come to be stationed at Camiers a month later than ourselves. We had begun to learn the ways and lingo of the British army and knew what an A. D. A. M. S. was, and who was the D. O. R. E., and where to find the R. T. O. or even the D. A. Q. M. G., and what was the D. R. L. S., and where was the C. H. D. A. V. C, which had something to do with a convalescent horse depot. These were days, too, when parcels of any size could be sent from home, and their arrival did much to satisfy the inordinate appetite for sweets which the life developed in everyone and which was not fully assuaged by jam of uncertain origin and *' golden goo " provided in the generous British rations. The King's Manor was discovered and the Cafe du Lac, and trips were made on foot or on bicycle to Widehem, or to Hardelot, where the Pre Catelan served excellent meals. Then some sort of entertainment was staged almost every night in the Y. M. C. A. hut at Camiers: lectures, music, vaudeville; and before Major Osgood left us the Sleepy Hollow Quartet from our Unit ven- tured to participate in one or two of these performances. The British, moreover, were prone to stage contests in the manly art of self-defense; and though "out of bounds" except for special occasions the huge training area with its concentration of troops was, for those who could get permits to visit it, a constant source of interest. Hence, although the move had been anticipated since June i, it was with mingled feelings when orders from a clear sky were received on October 31 for the Unit to proceed forthwith to Boulogne and take over No. 13 General. Winter was drawing on; the disastrous Passchendaele operations were nearly over, for a few days later the Canadians in a final desperate engage- ment crowded the enemy off from the last crest of the ridge ; the collapse of Russia had freed the Austrian troops and the Italians had suffered a heart-breaking reverse at their hands, Cordona's Second Army having been driven back across the Isonzo. This last item was doubtless the main factor underlying the sudden determination to move No. 5 to Boulogne, for the British and J2 > u P< aj ^ r ) U, r! OS o W U ■1-1 03 c T1 OJ CJ C/J -C 3 c *"* TJ oj rt < r^ -n ni G ^3 03 O OS ^ o >> x^ THE CAMIERS PERIOD 49 French, hard hit as they were, must send troops instanter to hearten the Italians, and the medical unit of No. 13 General was selected to accompany the British contingent. These were dark days for Les Allies. The Boulogne Period THE transfer was made on short notice, and November i found the first instalment of us in charge of the Casino with the nurses occupying fairly comfortable quarters in a hotel nearby, the men living for the most part on wheels in bathing- beach houses scattered about the Casino grounds, and the officers scratching for accommodations in the overcrowded chief port of entry for the British Expeditionary Force in France. It was no longer possible for all to live and mess together, though the larger number took over from their predecessors two houses on the waterfront near the Casino, and these became the chief center for such warmth and companionship as the weather and the life permitted. Probably the most vivid recollection all will have was of the cold, and the single stove on the ground floor which was supposed to heat the three-story house — a stove of scant virtues — served as the chief source of the officers' conver- sation for the ensuing months. The officers' mess, however, from the first had an exceptionally good table, thanks largely to Sergeant Wilson, and in spite of its going against all army tra- ditions by being " dry," it was popular and meals were few with- out one or more guests being present — British, French, Portu- guese, Belgian or American. Our new station in the Boulogne Casino had had an interesting war history which dated back to October 20, 19 14, shortly after the Allies first occupied Ypres. Two earlier hospitals had been established at Le Havre and Rouen, but this was the first to be put in operation when after the First Marne the race for the coast occurred in the effort to outflank the Germans. The first Unit to occupy it had been sent from Southampton to Ostend, but as this place was threatened it was moved to Boulogne. THE BOULOGNE PERIOD 51 At that time all wounded, no matter what their condition, had to be brought on such trains or in such cars as were available, directly to the port and indeed to the boats, and some emergency provision had to be made for the detention of more critical cases to supplement the temporary- quarters on the landing stage which were utilized by a unit of regulars for the purpose. Sir Alm- roth Wright was one of the early officers attached to Xo. 13 Gen- eral when the Casino was taken over, his laboraton- for sev^eral months being in one of the bathrooms in the cellar, where later the X-rays were developed. From his account the horrors of war in the Middle Ages was experienced by the small band of medical officers who tried to stem the awful tide of sepsis and death and keep it from overwhelming such wounded as finallv succeeded in reaching this newly established base. Subsequently Xo. 14 General was opened at the Casino in Wimereux; a hospi- tal was established at the Christol Hotel; and, as already related, the Indian Medical Corps took over the Jesuit School on the Calais road as the Meerut Hospital, where at the time of our tardy arrival we found the McGill Unit as ancient inhabitants. Outfitting axd Fitting in at the Casino We were still, except for our dental department, without any equipment of our own aside from such instruments as we had been able to purchase, and our consignments of admirable dress- ings which continued to come from the Surgical Dressings Com- mittee, There was. to be sure, an abundance of stores of all kinds in charge of the British quartermaster, Lieutenant Rich- mond, who remained with us — bales of pajamas, gauze, cloth- ing, and so on, which were poured in by the British Red Cross, but not the things we especially needed for the professional care of patients. Our own Red Cross had just made a gift to the British Societ}' of $250,000, and in recognition of this Sir Arthur Lawley purchased for us the elaborate X-ray outfit which be- longed to Captain Gamlen of the preceding Unit, and this at least gave Captain Brown a good start in his department. The type of work which we had come into and the manner of life was very different from that experienced at Camiers. Though 52 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 the hospital contained only six hundred beds, these were reserved for serious cases which could not be transshipped to England, near as it was, for on a clear day the Dover cliffs could easily be seen from Wimereux. Then, as the hospital was the nearest of all general hospitals of the B. E. F. to the Boulogne station and to the landing stage of the Channel packets, one of its func- tions was a place of temporary detention for slightly sick and wounded. Hence whole convoys of cases destined for England might be deposited at the Casino if they reached Boulogne too late for the boat, or if, as not infrequently happened, the winter storms rendered the Channel unfit for crossing or necessitated extra sweeping to assure freedom from floating mines. This did not necessarily give additional work to the medical officers except for the O. D., though it meant extra carrying for bearers and extra work of serving meals, sometimes for hundreds of cases, while passageways through the building and the floors of the wards were often crowded by stretchers holding Tommies, patiently awaiting a hospital ship, so near and yet so far from Blighty. In course of time a number of desirable changes were insti- tuted. An unoccupied suite of rooms in the main building was secured, not without diflliculty, from the French owners, and these were equipped through the generosity of the British Red Cross. This gave a place for our secretaries, for a reading-room, and for the beginnings of a medical library. The Chaplain obtained through the Y. M. C. A. a small hut which became a reading- room and recreation hut for the enlisted men, overseen by their own elected committee with Sergeant Butterworth as chairman. The London Branch of the A. R. C. in turn gave money for a wooden barrack — an Adrian hut which gave better housing fa- cilities for the men than their English predecessors had enjoyed; though all who could get them preferred private residences in the shape of bathing booths on their high wheels, which, drawn up from the beach since the summer session of 19 14, were marshaled around the unused band-stand of the Casino's park. A new laboratory in a room adjoining that occupied by Sir Almroth Wright and his assistants was fitted out for Captain The Circle of Bathing Huts for the N. C. O.'s about the Band Stand Beneath which was a Dugout Used by the Nurses During Raids I » f if!rfii|| 0i\ t i"ji]'"Vf; The Front of the Casino Showing Portion of AIen's Entertainment Hut to the Left THE BOULOGNE PERIOD 53 Stoddard, and it was here that some of the more Important activities of the hospital centered. The weekly medical meetings inaugurated at Camiers were continued, often alternating be- tween the operating-room and Sir Almroth's laboratory, and from first to last — though our officers did not find themselves always in agreement with him on matters relating to wound treat- ment — he nevertheless was the source of the greatest stimulus to our professional household, as he was throughout the entire Boulogne Base. It was one of the great privileges of our sojourn at No. 13 General that he continued to pursue his studies in the same quarters he had so long occupied, even after we Americans came to take over the hospital. Americans in uniform were few and far between In those days, for it was not until the spring of 191 8 that they began to appear on the landscape, and our small contingent, though they had cast aside their bolo knives, must have been a source of unending surprise to the natives and, on occasions, of some concern to the authorities of this busy British port. The delightful ladies who for three years had served the Tommy with tea In the Church Army Hut under the shadow of the Casino found that coffee was demanded, and Fatlmas Instead of Woodbines ! Pri- vate McDonald would whisk our Ford ambulance, now painted olive drab, about the crowded streets and around corners on two wheels, M. P.'s to the contrary; an estamlnet or two was occa- sionally startled by the discharge of American automatics under the effect of "vin blink," which rhymed with "clink," where the enthusiasm which provoked these actions subsequently cooled; vociferous aggregations played a strange game called baseball on afternoons at low tide on the sands, to the amazement of promenaders, or did strange things noisily In combat over an oval football. So noisily, in fact, that on our first Thanksgiving Day, when a team under Private Ernie Silva challenged and met another, the D. D. M. S. telephoned the Casino to know the cause of the disturbance, and a polite Officer of the Day replied that the men were celebrating one of our national holidays, in fact the Declaration of Independence, whereupon the office of the D. D. M. S. rang off in despair. 54 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 The Concert Party and the Vanguard Not to be outdone by the British Units, nearly all of whom staged some sort of an entertainment, the enlisted men under the leadership of Privates Houlihan and Garvey organized the "Whizz-Bang Concert Party," which, under the protecting wing successively of the Chaplain and Captains Cutler and Horrax, produced a rollicking minstrel and vaudeville show. They ap- peared on various stages — English, Canadian and Australian — throughout the area, and were much applauded, though some of the skits were possibly tuned for our American rather than a British sense of humor. The " Concert Party " finally was put in section 4 so that they could share similar hours off duty; and F Hut where they were billeted subsequently resounded with the vox huniani, helped out by a medley of sounds from bugle, drum or violin, for the Padre had managed to wangle a motley col- lection of musical instruments from " somewhere in France." Others must speak for themselves, but Base Hospital No. 5 thought it a good show: Sergeant Tobey, later succeeded by Sergeant Hatch as Interlocutor in the minstrels, with the inimi- table Silva, Greeley and McGann and others as end men; a quartet with Couture, Greeley, Roberston and Wood; the dancers, with "Peewee" Call and later Eddie Donovan as In- gram's partner, always favorites; Paul Clifford, as long as he lasted, and McGann in their specialties; R. S. McDonald's never-to-be-forgotten rendering of " In Camiers by the Sea," put to the tune of " My Home in Tennessee" ; and first and last there were other participants too numerous to mention. "Every Unit its Own Show" would have been a good slogan for the A. E. F. to have adopted as a means of relieving the tedium and restlessness of waiting time rather than to have leaned as heavily as most Units did on outside " entertainers," professional or amateur. Later on, some of our especial stars — McGann, Donovan, Ingram, Garvey, Houlihan, Wood, Gould and Holmes — remained in France with the Entertainment De- partment, Base Section No. i, A. E. F., and appeared on divers stages as "A Breeze from Broadway" for some weeks after Interior of the AIex's Y. M. C. A. Hut and the Whizz-Bang Concert Party THE BOULOGNE PERIOD 55 the Unit was returned home, thereby becoming four-stripers, which the rest of us barely escaped. But this again is getting distinctly ahead of our narrative. The Vanguard; First in France, the Unit's monthly publica- tion, continued to appear with various editors-in-chief, — Ser- geant, First Class, H. S. Butterworth and Sergeant Philip Hatch; various business managers as Quartermaster Sergeant Tobey and Corporal George McClelland; and with associate editors too numerous to mention. And thus, with some prepa- rations for play and assurance of enough work, the long winter drew upon us with its short days, its penetrating cold and damp- ness, its scarcity of fuel, and its astonishingly frequent reappear- ance of the full moon. Air Raids Probably because of our tragic experience of September 4, the constantly recurring air raids over Boulogne will always re- main for most of us the most vivid memory of the first twelve months passed in this British base port. Although Boulogne suffered in nowise equal to Calais in this respect, it was bad enough at times; and as the Casino, aglow in the moonlight, at the very entrance of the jetties, offered a prominent guide to the fair target of the narrow channel, our situation was none too comfortable. One of the worst of these raids occurred on the night of December 22, the Saturday before Christmas, the raider coming in from the sea and dropping the first of a series of bombs even before the alert was sounded. On this occasion they got the Medical Stores and the Base Bakery, and, according to the offi- cial communique, all told there were one hundred and seventy- two casualties, with fifty-two deaths. No. 13 General received fifty badly wounded cases, many of whom died almost on de- livery, and only sixteen survived to be admitted to the wards, — a bad night to recall and one which cast something of a damper on our holiday season. 56 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 Our First Christmas and Winter The Christmas festivities, long prepared for by a special com- mittee, were nevertheless carried through, with the wards gayly trimmed with colored tissue-paper cuttings, designed by Private Frost, and abundantly decorated with holly, mistletoe and spruce. Our gifts from home did not reach us till the following summer, when some of them appeared " not to be opened till Christmas " and much the worse for wear; but the Red Cross societies, both British and American, supplied dolly-bags with nuts, raisins and candy for the patients, and the Boulogne shops were searched for amusing trifles which served for presents. On Christmas Eve carols were sung in the wards by a chorus of nurses, officers and men, and subsequently the nurses gave a festive buffet supper in their mess. This was followed by the distribution of home- made gifts with which a fine tree was burdened, and their presen- tation was accompanied by amusing poetical skits read by the Santa Claus, who somehow resembled Captain Henry Lyman in voice and figure. On the day itself there was a wonderful Christmas dinner at the men's mess, another for the sergeants, and in the afternoon various troops of musicians and comedians, from other Units as well as our own, provided entertainment in the wards, while in the evening there was a tree in the Recrea- tion Hut for the enlisted personnel. It was a Christmas to remember. The winter was passed somehow, midst work and play and in the fruitless effort to keep warm by crowding additional layers of clothing beneath our tunics and within our boots, which gave to most of us an appearance of acquired corpulence not entirely justified in all cases. The hospital was filled mostly with sick, — cases of P. U. O., of bronchitis and trench feet, followed by a run of three-day fever cases which probably were the forerunners of the " flu." Our Medical Meetings were continued; afternoon tea had become a habit; the Red Cross had given us a cinema which was installed in the men's Recreation Hut; occasional dances were given by the Canadians, British and ourselves; and one recurring bright spot in our scant social opportunities was Ward III. The Casino, Boulogne, Christmas, 1917 'I'm: Same Ward with its Sand-Bag Barricades, July, 1918 THE BOULOGNE PERIOD 57 the Saturday afternoon tea, given regularly each week by the nurses at their mess and over which Miss Hulsizer presided. Another event of the winter which will not be forgotten by any who could crowd into the Hut on February I2 was a play, entitled " Right Here," written and arranged by Captain Cutler and Miss Parker, — a play in which the foibles of orderlies, nurses, the M. O.'s and the C. O. were amusingly and cleverly portrayed by characters enjoying such names as " Miss Calo- melle," " Miss Shrapnelle " and so on. Unhappily the occasion of this play coincided with the re- gretted departure of our Commanding Officer Colonel Patter- son, who had been selected to join a mission sent to Italy, and who took with him as his orderly and secretary Private Call and Sergeant Russell. Colonel Patterson was succeeded by Major Roger I. Lee, and no more satisfactory selection for the trying position of C. O. could have been made. About this time, furthermore, came our first period of " leaves " after nine months of service without respite, and warm places were sought, notably the Riviera and Biarritz, by those who cared to take the risk of having to stand for two days in the corridor of an unheated car on an uncertain French train. For those who did not, Paris with a real bed, a bath and the theater had to suffice : and a few who could convince the authori- ties that they had relatives or prospective relatives in England managed to get an English leave. The Spring Menace But over our heads, as spring approached, there hung the menace of the promised German drive which, banking on the opening of their Verdun offensive of 1916, should have come in February. After Lenine and Trotsky had been given their twenty-four hours to accept Germany's peace terms, and Russia had been stripped of her last provinces and reduced to Musco- vite proportions, the German troops on the Eastern front had been freed, and all knew that great events were impending. In- deed since the Messines operation in June and the temporary jubilation over Byng's success at Cambrai on November 20, 58 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 there had been little to cheer us from a military standpoint. Of our own army, if there was one, we had heard nothing since the parade of a battalion from the ist Division on July 4 in Paris, although we knew that an Army School had been established at Langres in the Vosges, for Dr. Potter had been withdrawn from us early in December to teach there, and we occasionally saw groups of American medical officers being taken on tours of instruction to visit hospitals. Meanwhile the time slipped by, and with lengthening days an early spring began to appear in all its beauty. Indeed, after the end of January the weather was wonderful for Picardy, and even golf was played by some in Wimereux in the late winter. But otherwise there was little change. The " tin Lizzies " with the hydroplanes from the French aerodrome just across the Avant Port continued their patrols and circuits in the air; on the sea the hospital ships, the leave and mail packets, pursued their daily trips across a freshly swept channel; and the Boulogne fishing boats came and went, unloading their morning's catch on the Quai Gambetta, regardless of war. Am Raids Again This by day, but by night Hell often broke loose. Air raids in forward areas, terrifying as they might be, were far less try- ing to one's nerves than those over a city, particularly when a small city and this a port easily found, and more especially when you occupied the most prominent landmark of that port, a large white building made largely of glass. No one need feel ashamed to admit that there were times when he was badly scared. There was plenty of " sand" in our Unit, but there was a good deal more in our neighborhood, and much of it in the course of the spring was put in bags with which barricades were erected about all the medical huts and about the Casino itself, and even between the rows of beds in some of the wards. But sand-bags rot and lose their contents most un- tidily, and sand likewise tends to ooze from the human envelope after prolonged and repeated exposure to danger. The dread of air raids is an accumulative sort of dread, and THE BOULOGNE PERIOD 59 everyone in the area more or less " had the wind up " regarding them — soldiers, sailors and civilians. One of the most astonish- ing sights in Boulogne during the winter and spring was the nocturnal conglomeration of hundreds of women and children in the subterranean caves under the ancient citadel of the Haute Ville — camped out on the naked ground for the night — pre- pared for the raid which might not come rather than to be roused by an alert and then be forced to scamper for cover. Our nurses, when an alert was sounded by the guns on the cliffs above us, were ordered to hike it from their billet near the Casino and take refuge in a dugout in the cliff to the rear, and doubtless many would have much preferred to take a chance, if need be, of dying for their country, dry and warm in bed, rather than to shiver for hours in a wet hole in the ground. But there was no choice for those of the nurses, officers and orderlies, who were on night duty in the Casino, and who necessarily faced with their patients whatever might befall. But though there were a number of particularly nerve-racking experiences, fortune favored us after our first raid in Camiers. It was otherwise, however, with our friends at Etaples, for No. i Canadian and the St. John's Ambulance in particular sustained heavy losses in the raids of May 19 and May 30, when, in the absence of a moon, a blinding magnesium flare was dropped which lit up the countryside for miles about, and the bombing squadrons for the next two hours returned again and again and put the huge hospital area of Etaples and Camiers almost out of business. Of the succession of Boulogne raids the worst, so far as we were concerned, occurred on the night of Sunday, June 30, when the hospital was nearly hit. Three bombs dropped in the Casino grounds — one about twenty yards from the huts for medical cases, another an aerial torpedo, and luckily a dud, fell in the sand near by. The third just missed the main building, whose large windows were blown in, and those who were there, pa- tients and attendants, felt that this time, surely, it was all over. Miss Arvin and Miss Sands received personal letters of con- gratulation from General Pershing for their conduct in the wards 6o U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 that night. Some eighty or one hundred bombs were said to have been dropped in Boulogne during this raid, with fortunately no great number of casualties. On August I another serious raid occurred lasting several hours, with one direct hit on the Base Headquarters in the Hotel Dervaux, which was completely demolished. On another night No. 2 Canadian General at Le Portel suffered severely, and it was on this occasion, I believe, that one hundred and fif- teen bombs were dropped, according to the official French report. Anyone who has not enjoyed the experience of an air raid over a small community can hardly imagine the sensation of feeling that you are the probable target — the alert, and lights out ex- cept for the appalling glare of the moon if moon there be; the bark of the " Archies " as the unmistakable hum of the Gothas' engines Is heard; the sky Illumined with star shells and shafts of countless searchlights seeking for him in vain; then a series of shocking ear-splitting explosions — the hum recedes and the anti-aircraft guns quiet down. Then back it comes and the uproar begins once more with greater intensity than ever, while shrapnel fragments clatter on the roofs and pavements. Then another succession of terrific explosions as he passes over, and gradually quiet once more "to heal the blows of sound" — and this may be repeated again and again. One acquires no im- munity to this kind of a nocturnal performance, which reached its height between April and August of 191 8. But we are again ahead of our story. The Second Battle of the Somme The expected storm broke on Thursday, March 21, and the Vth Army gave way before the onslaught which radiated from St. Quentln. It spread from the Scarpe to the Oise, but was at first rather out of our territory, and though we had consider- able work to do, most of the British wounded gravitated at first to the hospitals farther south, such as those at Rouen, whence they were transshipped to England, so that Boulogne was kept open. All the C. C. S.'s were driven back and Base Hospitals everywhere had to assume the role of clearing stations during H OUL. Q CyNEL Lt([i(Br2d . ^K^aras are f/7(i/rated ^^^- © @ ® ® ; \ / ■^cv'/ C///CC O jt-roy ^ccri ^ A'.C.O^s C/fice t3' CQj 0///ce 6 Q./f.S /J. r>e/r/-a/ C/Z/ces 'f i^.o. ai/f.y 0//)ce 'y f ^ Or f/er /y /far.'V^ // Op era/-//}^ f/rea />/-ers JJo/r ^9 > '*■ o. ■/-ore^ 29 Sc'iUt jAea' JC J. ofr >c sJS ^ a^ra/ary o v c r , B. E. F.) Tn u^ Hit-,; -. 1 I » -■ fS\t4 / . ' T%^' ZJ a^t/^c/}/ (<.' ^- ''' UtO\- ■S'.S'. Ease II?3F-iT^L Kg., 5 S OUL O CyNEL ^•^ara'/?:/ K /6 Orr/er'iy /far.'V^ // Opera^/f)^ :^Aeai^tf /f /ac//? ere fc r- go jfertuarif Si Gu q /*■ ' Qiar/^frJ £3 X.iu/n^ry £^ £(, S/er;A'ja- />» ' '*■ '■^o. JYorf^ ,?? So'iUr S^ea' JO M o^r fie. ^Z 3''rAer Sio^ ■JS S/erf I'e/r^ <^ Crouf7(i'3 ^^9SO 10,099 11,608 9,183 17,558 19,282 Total British 16,049 20,791 36,840 American Patients: Sick 147 3,23s 1,328 267 3,235 Wounded 1,328 Sick — Command 414 Total American 147 4,830 4,977 Total regular patients (entire period) Detamed Cases 41,817 4,020 Total of all patients passing through hospital (entire period) 45,837 Delays, Demobilization, Departure and Discharge Some relaxation was possible during January, and advantage of the opportunity was taken by many to make trips to the dev- astated areas — to Dunkerque, Ypres, Cambrai, Douai, Lille, Arras, and even to visit our Army of Occupation at Coblentz; but for the most part we were fed up with ruined villages and shell-holes and old trenches, barbed wire and war souvenirs. Getting home was the object uppermost in our minds, and the British were willing for us to go as soon as transportation could be afforded, either via England or France. Waiting periods are far worse than working periods in the army, and the weary weeks from January to April probably represented our most trying time. Without doubt this period of inactivity fell particularly hard on the enlisted men whose periods of leave and possibility of recreation were far more curtailed than was the case with officers and nurses. On February i the hospital stopped taking patients, but an- other full month was passed in irksome uncertainty. Billets rented from the French for officers' quarters had to be given up, not without some distressing scenes as well as amusing in- 72 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 cidents. One of them occurred when the papers were finally signed with the Parisian owner of the officers' mess, in which the wear and tear on every object which could possibly be inventoried had been highly estimated, much of this wear and tear having oc- curred during the occupancy of our R. A. M. C. predecessors. At the end of the transaction the landlord disappeared into an unknown and locked chamber in the basement, produced from a large assortment a cobwebbed bottle, secured some glasses, un- corked the bottle and poured out — water! In fact the entire wine cellar had turned to water. And though we cannot speak for our predecessors, we at least had conducted a strictly pro- hibition mess. Thus are reputations ruined, but the papers had been signed and there was nothing for both sides but to laugh at the situation. The officers became scattered in various billets throughout the town, but fortunately were enabled to come together for meals. These were arranged for in the Sergeants' Hut of the recently demobilized British Red Cross Hospital No. 8, which had been in the Casino grounds since early in the war. Here in this hut an opportunity was given to the officers for the first time to make some amends to the nurses who for nearly eighteen months had dispensed most of the hospitality in the way of weekly after- noon gatherings. Late in February the nurses were sent to Vannes, south of Brest on the Brittany coast, to await transportation, and on March 8 the officers and men in their turn said farewell to Boulogne; but it was not until a month later that they succeeded in getting transportation, two weeks being spent in Vannes and two weeks more at Brest, where with some impatience, regard- ing themselves as old-timers, they had to submit to seeing Units but a few months in France and but a few days in Brest super- sede them in being sent home. But at last, on April 6, the Unit embarked on the Graf JVaU dersee landed in New York on Easter Sunday, April 20, after an absence twenty-one days short of the full two years justify- ing four service stripes; then to Camp Merritt for six days, and in turn to Camp Devens, where most of the officers were dis- THE BOULOGNE PERIOD 73 charged on April 29 and 30, exceptions a few days later. and the men with a few trying The Work of the Original Six It will be of some satisfaction to the members of the Unit, all of whom must at times have felt certain regrets that we were not taken over, as had been anticipated we would be at the end of our first year, for service with the American army, to compare our experiences with those of the similarly organized Base Hospitals that followed us but went directly with the American forces. The two of these hospitals first established. Base Hospital No. 18 (Johns Hopkins), stationed at Bazoilles, and Base Hospital No. 15 (Roosevelt), at Chaumont, re- ceived possibly as many sick and wounded as any similar Units with the A. E. F., the former up to the time of its demobiliza- tion in January, 19 19, having cared for seventeen thousand and twenty cases, and the latter for thirty-two thousand and fifty-four cases. The six original American Base Hospitals attached to the B. E. F. during their period of service received as a matter of fact more wounded than all the seventy-eight Base Hospitals in the A. E. F. put together. The following table, compiled up Cases treated to January i, 1919, in the six Original Base Hospitals with the B.E.F. British American Sick Wounded Sick Wounded Total B.H. No. 4 B.H. No. 5 B.H. No. 10 B.H. No. 12 B.H. No. 21 B.H. No. 2*.... 31,095 17,558 20,970 27,438 29,843 25,781 31,226 23,302 21,810 30,010 28,112 26,892 3,244 3,644 2,387 2,229 1,224 2,445 2,026 1,333 623 966 1,592 1,308 67,591 45,837 45,790 60,513 60,771 56,100 Total 152,685 161,352 i£,i73 7,848 336,602 * Unfortunately the figures for Base Hospital No. 2 (Presbyterian) were not supplied, but it is safe to say that they at least averaged what the other five had received, and on this computation these figures have been given. 74 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 to January i, about a month before these six hospitals were closed, shows that they received something over three hundred and thirty-six thousand cases, whereas the total number of casu- alties for the entire American Expeditionary Forces has been officially stated to have been in the neighborhood of two hun- dred and eighty-nine thousand. There is one thing, of course, aside from their busy life, that these six Base Hospital Units must congratulate themselves upon. As time goes on and there is occasion to compare their experi- ences with that of other organizations which served overseas, they will come to be more and more appreciative of the excep- tional privilege which permitted them as American contingents to serve for so long with the British army, and in France. Thus the opportunity was given, as could have been possible in no other way, to learn to appreciate and understand our British and French allies. There are three grades of friendship, the early enthusiasm of a first meeting when one's best may be shown, followed by a trying stage when foibles and idiosyncrasies appear, — a stage which often leads to estrangement. But if this stage is safely passed and one of sympathetic understanding Is reached, friend- ships become stable and enduring. Thus better than our friends in the A. E. F. we weathered British diffidence and came to know and respect British character, unselfishness and spirit of sacrifice; and so likewise certain French traits, which at first distressed us, we could ignore when we came to appreciate their fineness of nature and the dignity with which they bore their extraordi- nary hardships, aggravated in almost all families by cruel per- sonal griefs. And we may only hope that our American peculiarities, too numerous to dwell upon and which must have often offended the sensibilities of both British and French, came to be con- doned and were not regarded in the end as national traits suffi- ciently insufferable to form a barrier for friendship. For if the soldiers of England, France and America in their two years of enforced comradeship have not learned mutual sympathy, respect and understanding, much that we hoped to gain from this THE BOULOGNE PERIOD 75 war during our long absence from home will have been lost indeed. For a Base Hospital our Unit possibly had more than its share of casualties. Few members of the command escaped from illness during the moderate privations and exposures of the two winters in France, and three officers, five nurses and eight men were invalided home during our two years' absence. Three officers, McGuire, Whidden and Smith; seven others, Sloan, Mason, Brower, McLeod, Stanion, Tobey and one of the nurses, Miss Parmelee, were entitled to wear wound stripes. There were nine deaths among those who at one time or another had served with us. 3n iHemoriam Captain CHARLES RUND, Jr., Q.M.C, U.S.A. Died from self-inflicted wound, Camiers, June 6, I9i7« Private COLIN CAMPBELL. Died of disease, Camiers, June 1 8, 19 17. Lieutenant WILLIAM FITZSIMONS, M.O.R.C, U.S.A. Killed in air raid, Camiers, September 4, 191 7. Private, First Class, LESLIE A. WOODS. Killed in air raid, Camiers, September 4, 1917. Private, First Class, RUDOLPH RUBINO. Killed in air raid, Camiers, September 4, 191 7. Private, First Class, OSCAR C. TUGO. Killed in air raid, Camiers, September 4, 191 7. Lieutenant RAE WHIDDEN, M.O.R.C, U.S.A. Wounded in air raid, Camiers, September 4, 191 7; in- valided home; died at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, September 25, 1918, of pneumonia following influenza. Private JOHN J. LYDON. Invalided home March 11, 191 8; died at his home in Dor- chester, Mass., September 23, 1918. Captain H. A. BULLOCK, Q.M.C, U.S.A. Killed in air raid at Noyers-St. Martin near Cantigny, May 30, 19 1 8. Private, First Class, WALTER H. SULLIVAN. Transferred to Medical Department i8th Infantry. Wounded October 6, 191 8, in Meuse-Argonne offensive. Died the same day at Villers Daucourt. Roster of Officers B.C.H. = Boston City Hospital M.G.H. = Massachusetts General Hospital P.B.B.H. = Peter Bent Brigham Hospital H.M.S. = Harvard Medical School * Officer of Original Unit •BINNEY, Horace. B.C.H, Assistant in Genito-urinary Surgery, H.M.S. Commissioned Captain May 9, 1917. Appointed Chief of Surgical Service September 14, 1917. Promoted to Major November I3> 1917; Lieutenant Colonel February 17, 1919. Served temporarily as Commanding Officer. Returned with Unit. Address: 403 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. *BOCK, Arlie V. H.M.S. and M.G.H. Commissioned Lieutenant May 9, 1917. Promoted to Captain January 28, 1918; Major Feb- ruary 17, 19 1 9. Served temporarily as Chief of Medical Service. Re- turned with Unit. Home address: 75 Union Avenue, Dubuque, Iowa. •BOOTHBY, Walter M. B.C.H., P.B.B.H. and Mayo Clinic. Com- missioned Captain May 5, 191 7. June 4, 191 7, detached from Unit; June to July investigating anti-gas apparatus in British Army; August to September in office of Chief of Gas Service, B.E.F. October i, 1917, ordered to First Corps School, A.E.F., remaining there eight months as Director of the School. May i, 191 8, appointed Instructor at Army Sanitary School, Langres. September, 191 8, sent to forward hospitals in charge of operating team ; for two weeks attached to Mobile Hospital No. 5. Promoted to Major November 11, 1918. Returned to U.S. December 27, 191 8. Address: % Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. BOZMAN, Clarence G. Commissioned Lieutenant December 26, 191 7, and assigned to Base Hospital at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, April 23 to July 7, 19 1 8. Sailed for France July 13, 191 8. August i to September 7 with 149th Field Artillery, 42d Division. Joined Unit in Boulogne September 8, 191 8. February 17, 191 9, detached for duty with A.E.F. Address: Columbus, Ohio. •BROWN, Percy. Children's Hospital: Instructor in Roentgenology, H.M.S. Commissioned Lieutenant April 23, 191 7. Appointed Roentgenologist of Unit. Promoted to Captain August 11, 191 7; 78 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 Major Januar}' 28, 191 8. April 24, 1918, permanently detached from Unit for service with A.E.F. May i to June i on duty at Headquarters Medical and Surgical Consultants, Neufchateau. In June, 1918, ordered to U.S. and assigned as Instructor in Military Roentgenology at Cornell Medical School during July, 191 8. Later Assistant Director of Roentgenology, Surgeon-General's office, Wash- ington, and Instructor in Military Roentgenology at Camp Green- leaf School from September 25, 1918, to January 25, 1919; Chief of X-ray Service at Base Hospital No. 10, Boston. Address: 155 Newbury Street, Boston, Mass. BULLOCK, Harry A. Captain Quartermaster Corps. Assigned to Unit in Camiers October 25, 191 7, as Quartermaster, succeeding Cap- tain Jaka. February 28, 191 8, detached for duty as Assistant Quarter- master with 1st Division, A.E.F. Killed in an air raid at Noyers- St. Martin near Cantigny May 30, 1 91 8. ♦CANNON, Walter B. Professor of Physiology, H.M.S. Commis- sioned Lieutenant April 21, 191 7. Director of Laboratory Section, succeeding Major R. P. Strong. Detached June 23 for service at No. 33 C.C.S., Bethune. Promoted to Captain August 1 1. In August appointed member of English Committee on Shock. September, 191 7, transferred to A.E.F. as Director of Physiological Laboratory. Febru- ary 12, 1 91 8, promoted to Major. February 15 to April I, 191 8, on duty in Paris with Inter-allied Conference on Gas Warfare. April I to December 25, 191 8, stationed at Central Medical Department Lab- oratory, Dijon, in charge of laboratory for Surgical Research. Pro- moted to Lieutenant Colonel October 23, 1918. Chairman of Medical Research Committee, A.R.C., February to November, 191 8. Returned to U.S. as casual January 22, 19 19. Awarded Companion of the Bath by British Government June 7, 1919. Address: 2 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Mass. COHEN, Leon S. Lieutenant. Jefferson Medical College. Attached from November 2, 1918, succeeding Captain Stewart as Roentgenolo- gist. Returned with Unit. Address: 1 525 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn. CLUTE, Howard M. Dartmouth Medical School, B.C.H. Com- missioned Lieutenant May 15, 1917. Sailed for France July 2, 1917. Attached to No. 51 Field Ambulance, B.E.F. ; subsequently with No. 53 F.A. Promoted to Captain December 15, 191 7. Joined Unit Febru- ary I, 1918. During April, 1918, temporarily detached for duty with No. 32 Stationary Hospital, B.E.F. Promoted to Major February 17, 1919. Served temporarily as Adjutant. Returned with Unit. Address: 1376 Commonwealth Avenue, Allston, Mass. ♦GUSHING, Harvey. P.B.B.H. Professor of Surgery, H.M.S. Di- rector of Unit. Commissioned Major May 5, 19 17. July 22 to No- vember I, 1 91 7, on duty with No. 46 C.C.S., B.E.F., at Proven. Mentioned in Sir Douglas Haig's Dispatches December, 191 7. April, ROSTER OF OFFICERS 79 1918, on temporary duty with No. 58 CCS. and later with No. 4 Canadian CCS. at Pernes. F.R.CS.I. conferred at Dublin in May, 1918. June 6, 191 8, promoted to Lieutenant Colonel. June 7 de- tached as Senior Consultant in Neurological Surgery, Headquarters Medical and Surgical Consultants, Neufchateau, A.E.F. Promoted to Colonel October 23, 19 18. December 22 reassigned to Unit. Re- turned to U.S. as casual February 6, 19 19. Member of Medical Re- search Committee, A.R.C Citation by General Pershing April 19, 19 19. Awarded Companion of the Bath by British Government June 7, 1919- Address: 305 Walnut Street, Brookline, Mass. * CUTLER, Elliott C H.M.S., M.G.H. and P.B.B.H.: Rockefeller Institute. Commissioned Captain May 9, 191 7. April 8, 191 8, on temporary duty with No. 58 CCS. at Lillers, and later with No. 4 Canadian CCS. at Pernes. May 16, 1918, detached for duty with forward hospitals of A.E.F., first with Evacuation Hospital No. 7 and Mobile Hospital No. i at Coulommiers; subsequently at Chierry^ with Evacuation Hospital No. 6 and Mobile Hospital No. i. August 8 appointed Chief of Surgical Service of Evacuation Hospital No. 3, situated respectively at Cresancy, Toul, Fleury, Mt. Frenet, Fontaine- Routon, and in November with the Army of Occupation at Treves. Promoted to Major November 14. December 22 reassigned to Unit. Returned with Unit. Address: 61 Heath Street, Brookline, Mass. * DENNY, George P. P.B.B.H. Alumni Assistant in Medicine, H.M.S. Commissioned Lieutenant May 5, 1917. July 26 on tem- porary duty with No. 46 CCS. at Proven for several weeks. January 24, 191 8, promoted Captain. June 24 relieved from duty with Unit and assigned to temporary duty with Royal Air Force Hospital, Lon- don. November 22, 19 18, assigned to duty at Aviation Replacement Camp No. 3, at Issoudun, A.E.F. Returned as casual. Address: 2 Gloucester Street, Boston. * DERBY, George S. Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. Instructor in Ophthalmology, H.M.S. Commissioned Captain April 2, 191 7. Oph- thalmologist of Unit. During August, 191 7, on temporary duty with No. 46 CCS. at Proven. Promoted to Major January 26, 1918. November, 1917, to June, 1918, on service at No. 83 Dublin General Hospital. June 23, 191 8, detached for duty in A.E.F. as Ophthal- mological Consultant, Headquarters Medical and Surgical Consultants, Neufchateau. Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel October 23, 191 7. Re- turned to U.S. as casual January 9, 1 919. Address: 7 Hereford Street, Boston, Mass. FEGLEY, Victor. Captain Quartermaster Corps. Assigned to Unit Boulogne February 22, 19 1 8, for duty as Quartermaster, succeeding Captain Bullock. Returned with Unit. Address: 1181 North Franklin Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 8o U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 *FITZ, Reginald. H.M.S. and P.B.B.H. Rockefeller Institute. Com- missioned Captain May 9, 191 7. February 28, 19 18, appointed Chief of Medical Service, succeeding Major Lee. During October, 191 8, de- tached for special duty in U.K. in connection with nephritis. Promoted to Major December 28, 191 8. Returned with Unit. Address: 416 Marlboro Street, Boston, Mass. FITZSIMONS, William. Lieutenant. Joined Unit August 27, 1917. Appointed Adjutant of Unit, also Company Commander, to succeed Captain Harmon. Killed in hospital air raid, September 4, 191 7. FOLEY, Joseph E. Enlisted with Unit May 7, 191 7: given rank of Sergeant July 8, 1918. Commissioned First Lieutenant, Sanitary Corps, and appointed American Registrar of Unit. September 8, 1918, de- tached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., as Supply Officer. January 12, 1919, reassigned to Unit. Served temporarily as Adjutant and Company Commander. Detached March 22 to Chief Surgeon's Office, F. and A. Division, Adjutant to Commanding Officer. Com- missioned Captain May 3, 1919. Transferred to Headquarters Base Section 9, Antwerp, Belgium. Returned as casual September 5, 19 19. Address: 9 Windsor Road, Somerville, Mass. •FORBES, Henry. H.M.S. and P.B.B.H. Commissioned Lieutenant May 9, 191 7. Detached for temporary duty with No. 46 CCS. at Proven during August, 1917. January 28, 1918, promoted to Captain. September 22, 191 8, detached for temporary duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., at Deuxnouds and Varennes. Reassigned to Unit January 12, 1919. Promoted to Major February 17, 1919. Returned with Unit. Address: Adams Street, Milton, Mass. •GOETHALS, Thomas R. H.M.S. and M.G.H. Commissioned Lieutenant May 5, 191 7. November 3, 1917, on temporary duty with No. 46 CCS. at Proven for six weeks. May 12 to August 13, 19 18, on duty with No. 4 Canadian CCS. at Pernes, also with Nos. 22 and 51 C.C.S. August 28 detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., as Adjutant. November 26, 1918, detached from Mobile Hos- pital No. 6 under orders to report to office of Adjutant General, Wash- ington, for duty. Address: Vineyard Haven, Mass. HARMON, Daniel W. Captain Medical Corps, U.S. Army. As- signed to Unit as Adjutant, Boston, May 5, 191 9. May 13 appointed Company Commander. Promoted to Major August i, 191 7. August 23, 191 7, detached for duty with A.E.F. at General Headquarters in Tours. Address: % Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D.C •HARVEY, Samuel C Assistant Resident Surgeon, P.B.B.H. Com- missioned Lieutenant May 5, 191 7. Detached for duty with No. 46 CCS. at Proven November 3 to December 15, 191 7. January 28, ROSTER OF OFFICERS 8i 1918, promoted to Captain. August 3, 1918, detached for duty with A.E.F., first with Evacuation Hospital No. 7 at Souilly; subsequently served as Surgical Chief of Mobile Hospital No. 6 at Deuxnouds, and later with Mobile No. 8 there. November 20 assigned to Headquarters Medical and Surgical Consultants for temporary duty. December 22, 191 8, reassigned to Unit. February 17, 1919, promoted to Major. Returned with Unit. Address: % Lester F. Harvey, Mt. Carmel, Conn. HEPBURN, Alexander. Medical Corps, U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit May 5, 191 7, with rank of Sergeant, First Class. Appointed Master Hospital Sergeant July 5, 1917. January 14, 1918, commis- sioned First Lieutenant, Sanitary Corps, and appointed Company Com- mander of Unit. September 6 appointed Adjutant, relieving Major Ly- man. February 17, 1919, promoted to Captain. Returned with Unit. Address: 52 Murray Hill Road, Roslindale, Mass. HOLDEN, Cecil L. Enlisted with Unit May 7, 191 7, and given rank of Sergeant, First Class. Commissioned First Lieutenant, Sanitary Corps, July 9, 1 91 8, and appointed Property Officer of Unit. September 7, 1918, appointed American Registrar of Unit and District Summary Court Officer for American patients in Area. Returned with Unit. Address: 7 Lincoln Street, Hudson, Mass. *HORRAX, Gilbert. P.B.B.H. Resident Surgeon, M.G.H. Alumni Assistant in Surgery, H.M.S. Commissioned Lieutenant May 5, 191 7. Detached for duty with No. 46 CCS. at Proven August 12 to No- vember I, 191 7. January 28, 19 18, promoted to Captain; February 17, 1 919, to Major. Returned with Unit. Address: % Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Mass. JAKA, Wallace J. Captain Quartermaster Corps, U.S. Army. As- signed to Unit in Camiers, succeeding Captain Rund as Quarter- master, June II, 1917. November i, 1917, detached for duty with A.E.F,, as Chief Quartermaster, G.H.Q., Chaumont, A.E.F. Later promoted to Major and appointed Chief Quartermaster, Army of Occupation. Address: % Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D.C KENAN, James A. Captain. University of Virginia. Joined Unit in Camiers June 22, 191 7. July 27 to August 27, 191 7, served as Acting Adjutant and Company Commander. July 28, 1918, detached for duty with A.E.F. and assigned to Mobile Hospital No. 3. Promoted to Major. Address: Selma, Ala. KENEFICK, William J. Harvard Dental School. Enlisted with Unit May 7, 191 7, and given rank of Sergeant, First Class. Commis- sioned First Lieutenant, Dental Corps, April 16, 191 8. May 13, 1918, withdrawn for duty with A.E.F. and attached to 17th Engineers. Address: Allston, Mass. 82 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 LAFAYETTE, Harold F. Harvard Dental School. Enlisted with Unit May 7, 191 7, and given rank of Corporal. Later promoted to Sergeant. Commissioned First Lieutenant, Dental Corps, April 16, 191 8. Returned with Unit. Address: 144 Dexter Avenue, Watertown, Mass. LARUE, Frank. Commissioned Lieutenant June i, 1917. Sent over- seas as casual September 2, 191 7, and assigned for duty with No. 15 Field Ambulance, B.E.F., in Ypres sector. Battalion Officer with ist Bedford Regiment during Battle of Passchendaele Ridge. January 28 to July 16, 1918, attached to Marseilles Stationary Hospital, B.E.F. July 18, 1 91 8, attached to Surgical Team No. 21, A.E.F. and assigned to Auto-chir No. 21, French Army, during Soissons attack; later to Chateau-Thierry, Vesle River and St. Mihiel sectors with the same team. Joined Unit September 23, 1918. Returned with Unit. Address: Dexter, Mo. *LEE, Roger L M.G.H. Professor of Hygiene, Harvard University. Commissioned Major May 5, 191 7. Chief of Medical Service. Ap- pointed Commanding Officer of Unit February 28, 1918, succeeding Colonel Patterson. Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel June 19, 191 8. September 6 detached for duty with A.E.F. and appointed Senior Divi- sional Consultant in General Medicine, attached to the 3d Corps. Re- turned as casual February 9, 1919. Address: 7 Lowell Street, Cambridge, Mass. *LYMAN, Henry. Huntington Hospital: Research Fellow in Biological Chemistry, H.M.S. Commissioned Captain May 5, 1 91 7. Acting Quartermaster June 6 to July 8, 191 7, appointed Ordnance Officer July II, 1917. October 20, 1917, Adjutant and Company Commander; October 29 Sanitary Officer. September 6, 191 8, appointed Command- ing Officer of Unit, succeeding Lieutenant Colonel Lee. Promoted to Major October i, 191 8. Returned with Unit as CO. Address: 109 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Mass. MANN, C. E. Joined Unit in Boulogne May 13, 1918, with rank of Private, First Class. Commissioned Lieutenant, Dental Corps, October 12, 1 91 8. November 8, 191 8, detached for duty with A.E.F. Address: McGUIRE, Clarence A. Kansas City Medical College. Commis- sioned Lieutenant June 10, 191 7. Served for one month at U.S. Army School, Washington. Sent overseas as Casual Officer July 18, 191 7, and assigned to No. 83 Dublin General Hospital, Wimereux. Joined Unit in Camiers August 27, 191 7. September 4, wounded in hospital air raid and transferred to No. 20 General Hospital. Rejoined Unit in October, 1917. Promoted to Captain January 28, 1918; Major February 17, 191 9. Returned with Unit. Address: 638 Lathrop Building, Kansas City, Mo. * MORTON, John J., Jr. P.B.B.H. Assistant in Rockefeller Hospital, N.Y. Commissioned Lieutenant May 5, 191 7. July 25, 191 7, de- ROSTER OF OFFICERS • 83 tached for duty with No. 46 C.C.S., B.E.F., at Proven. Appointed Athletic Officer of Unit in January, 191 8. Promoted to Captain January 28, 191 8; Major February 17, 1919. Returned with Unit. Address: % 234 Marlboro Street, Boston, Mass. MOULTON, Rev. Arthur. Sailed for France June 21, 191 8. Com- missioned Captain A.R.C., July 14, 19 18. Assigned as Chaplain to Base Hospital No. 202, Orleans, until October i, 1918; October 2 joined Unit in Boulogne for duty as Chaplain, succeeding Rev. Malcolm Pea- body. January 15, 1919, received decoration — Souvenir de France — from French Government. Returned as casual. Address: Grace Church, Lawrence, Mass. MULLIGAN, Peter. Lieutenant. Jefferson Medical College. Joined Mobile Hospital No. 6 at Paris September i, 191 8, as Roentgenologist. Joined Unit on demobilization of Mobile No. 6 January 16, 1919. Re- turned with Unit. Address: Philadelphia, Pa. *OBER, Frank R. Children's Hospital; Assistant in Orthopedics, H.M.S. Commissioned Lieutenant May 5, 19 1 7. Orthopedist of Unit. Promoted to Captain January 28, 1918; Major February 17, 1919. Served temporarily as Chief of Surgical Service. Returned with Unit. Address: 1382 Beacon Street, Brookline, Mass. * OSGOOD, Robert B. M.G.H. Instructor in Surgery, H.M.S. Com- missioned Major May 5, 191 7. Appointed Chief of Surgical Service. September 14, 191 7, detached for duty with Orthopedic Section, A.F.F. September 21, 19 17, to February 14, 19 18, on duty at War office, I^on- don, as Assistant Director of Military Orthopedic Surgery, A.E.F. February 14, 191 8, transferred to France as Orthopedic Consultant, Headquarters Medical and Surgical Consultants, Neufchateau. iVpril i, transferred to Tours, office of the Chief Surgeon. Subsequently on duty in the Surgeon-General's office, Washington, as Orthopedic Con- sultant. Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel July 29, 1918. Address: 38 Chestnut Street, Boston, Mass. * PARKER, Harrison L. Harvard Dental School. Commissioned First Lieutenant, Dental Corps, May 7, 19 17. Succeeded Dr. Potter as Chief of Dental Section of Unit December 8, 1917. February 17, 1919, promoted to Captain. Returned with Unit. Address: Lane Building, Winchester, Mass, PATTERSON, Robert U. Major, Medical Corps, U.S. Army. As- signed to Unit as Commanding Officer in Boston May 5, 191 7. Pro- moted to Lieutenant Colonel May 15, 191 7; Colonel December 17, 1 91 7. February 16, 19 18, relieved from command of Unit for duty with A.E.F. February 27 to May 4, 1918, served as member of Ameri- can Military Mission to Italy. May 4 to 30 as General Medical Inspector, Headquarters, S.O.S. June 4 to 22, 1918, attached to 2d Division during actions at Bouresches and Bois de Belleau. June 22 84 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 to July I, Assistant Representative of Chief Surgeon with Paris Group (2d, 3d, 4th and 28th Divisions). During July, 1918, made various inspections in Advance, Intermediate and Base Sections, A.E.F. Sailed for U.S. August 2, 1918. Address: % Surgeon-General's Office, Washington, D.C. *PEABODY, Rev. Malcolm E. Chaplain of Unit. Commissioned Captain, A.R.C., May 7, 1917. October 7, 1918, detached for service w^ith A.E.F. and assigned to I02d Field Artillery, 26th Division in the sector in front of Verdun. Commissioned First Lieutenant, U.S. Army October 11. Returned to U.S. with I02d F.A. March 31, 1919. Address: Grace Church, Lawrence, Mass. * POTTER, William H. Professor of Operative Dentistry, Harvard Dental School. Chief of Dental Section of Unit. Commissioned First Lieutenant, Dental Reserve Corps, May 7, 1917. December 8, 1917, detached for duty with the A.E.F. and appointed Instructor in Dental Section, Army Sanitary School, Langres. Commissioned Major, Dental Corps, February 9, 191 8, effective August 28, 19 18. Rejoined Unit December 28, 1918. Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel February 17, 19 1 9. Returned with Unit. Address: 19 Braemore Road, Brookline, Mass. * ROBERTSON, Oswald H. M.G.H. and Rockefeller Institute. Com- missioned Lieutenant March 17, 191 7. September to December, 191 7, detached for temporary duty with 3d Army, B.E.F., at various C.C.S.'s. January 25, 1918, promoted to Captain. February, 1918, appointed by British Medical Research Committee to write official memorandum on blood transfusion. August to September, 191 8, detached for temporary duty at War office, London, in connection with blood transfusion. Sep- tember 15 detached from Unit for permanent duty with Central Lab- oratories. A.E.F. November 14, 1918, promoted to Major. Returned as casual. Awarded D.S.O. by British Government. Address: Rockefeller Institute, N.Y. RUND, Charles, Jr. Captain, Quartermaster Corps, U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit in Boston May 5, 191 7, as Quartermaster. June 6, 191 7, committed suicide while temporarily insane. SEELEY, J. B. Lieutenant. Harper Hospital, Detroit. Joined Unit August II, 1917. August 15, detached for temporary duty with No. 46 C.C.S., at Proven for three months. January 28, 1918, detached for service with A.E.F. and assigned to Base Hospital No. 17, Dijon. Address: Detroit, Mich. SMITH, Thaddeus D. Lieutenant. Syracuse University. Joined Unit in Camiers August 11, 1917. September 4, wounded in air raid on hospital. Invalided to U.S. later. Address: Neenah, Wis. STEWART, Richard A. Lieutenant. University of Pittsburg. Joined Unit in Boulogne April 22, 191 8, as Roentgenologist, succeeding Major ROSTER OF OFFICERS 85 Brown. Promoted to Captain November 28, 191 8. January 7, 1919, detached for service wMth A.E.F. Address: Washington, Pa. *STODE>ARD, James L. P.B.B.H. Assistant in Pathology, H.M.S. Commissioned Lieutenant May 7, 191 7. In charge of Laboratory Sec- tion of Unit, succeeding Dr. Cannon. Promoted to Captain January 28, 1918; Major February 17, 1919. Returned v^^ith Unit. Address: 57 Crescent Street, Northampton, Mass. ♦STRONG, Richard P. Professor of Tropical Medicine, H.M.S. Chief of Laboratory Section of Unit. Commissioned Major May 7, 191 7. Detached as member of Foreign Service Commission of National Re- search Council, before Unit sailed for Europe. Assigned to duty in Chief Surgeon's Office, Headquarters, A.E.F., August 4, 191 7. In November, 191 7, attached to Division of Laboratories and Infectious Diseases, A.E.F., in charge of Subdivision of Infectious Diseases. Mem- ber of Medical Research Committee, A.R.C. Chairman Trench Fever Commission. Member British Headquarters Medical Investigation Committee. Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel October 31, 191 8. De- tailed as Director of Department of Medical Research and Intelligence, A.R.C, December 2, 1918. Commissioned Colonel February 18, 1919. August, 19 1 9, appointed General Medical Director of League of Red Cross Societies, Geneva, Svv^itzerland. Awarded D.S.M., Companion of the Bath. Officer of Legion of Honor. Address: American Red Cross, Geneva, Switzerland. SULLIVAN, Hugh A. Lieutenant. Harper Hospital, Detroit. Joined Unit in Camiers August ii, 19 17. August 15, detached for temporary duty with No. 46 C.C.S., at Proven for three months. January 28, 191 8, detached for permanent duty with A.E.F. and assigned to Base Hospital No. 17, Dijon. Served on surgical team at Evacuation Hos- pital No. 3 during summer of 191 8. Address: % Harper Hospital, Detroit, Mich. TERHUNE, William B. Lieutenant. Tulane Medical School. Sent overseas as casual. Attached to Stationary Hospital No. 32 and Sta- tionary Hospital No. 4, B.E.F., before joining Unit in Camiers Septem- ber 16, 191 7. Detached May 25, 1918, for duty in Psychiatric Division, A.E.F. Assigned to U.S. Base Hospital No. 66; later to A.R.C. Mili- tary Hospital No. i at Neuilly. Returned as casual January 22, 1919. Address: Boyceville, Wis. *TOWNE, Edward B. H.M.S. Assistant Resident Surgeon, P.B.B.H. Commissioned Lieutenant May 5, 191 7. July 22 to August 15, 191 7, detached for duty with No. 46 C.C.S., at Proven. Promoted to Cap- tain September, 191 7. April 12, 191 8, detached for duty with No. 53 General Hospital at Wimereux, later with Anglo-American Hospital there. May 12 to August 12, detached from Unit for duty with for- ward hospitals of the B.E.F. No, 4 Canadian C.C.S., at Pernes, Nos. 22 86 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 and 51 C.C.S., B.E.F. August 28 appointed Commanding Officer of Mobile Hospital No, 6, A.E.F., at Deuxnouds September 29 to Octo- ber 16; at Varennes October 16 to January 3, 1919. Promoted to Major November 16, 1918. Rejoined Unit January 16, 1919. Re- turned with Unit. Address: 1005 Bryant Street, Palo Alto, Cal. WALL, James P. College of Physicians and Surgeons, N.Y. Com- missioned Lieutenant March 24, 191 7. Sailed for France as casual officer July 2, 1 91 7. July 16 promoted to Captain. July 24 to Sep- tember 27, 191 7, on duty with No. 47 Field Ambulance, B.E.F. ; from that date until November 1 1 with No, 3 Canadian CCS. Joined Unit in Boulogne November 11, 1917. April 7, 1918, detached for temporary duty with No, 53 General Hospital, B,E,F,, at Wimereux. September 23, 1918, to January 12, 1919, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. Reassigned to Unit January 12. February 17, 1919, promoted to Major, Returned with Unit, Address: 402 High Street, Jackson, Miss. WHIDDEN, Rae, Lieutenant, College of Physicians and Surgeons, N,Y. Joined Unit in Camiers June 22, 1917, September 4, 1917, wounded in air raid on hospital and invalided to No, 20 General Hos- pital; later transferred to U.S, Promoted to Captain, September 25, 19 1 8, died at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, of pneumonia following influenza, WITHINGTON, Paul R, B,C.H. Commissioned Lieutenant May 18, 19 1 7. Landed in France as casual officer July 30, 19 17. Served with No. 48 Field Ambulance, B.E.F., before joining Unit in Camiers September 21, 191 7. Promoted to Captain February 17, 19 19. Re- turned with Unit, Address: Milton, Mass, Officers Temporarily Attached* BRUMETT, J. S,, Captain, Cincinnati General Hospital. Joined Unit October 20 to November 23, 191 7; again from January 11 to Febru- ary 4, 19 1 8. February 4 detached for service with B.E.F. Address: Cincinnati, Ohio, DAVENPORT, Albert E,, Captain. University of Louisville. At- tached from October 6, 19 18, to January i, 19 19, Address: Oklahoma City, Okla, DEAL, Daniel L,, Lieutenant, University of Georgia. Attached from October 20, 191 8, to January i, 19 19. Address: Stilson, Ga. * Unfortunately in the case of most of these officers the available information re- garding their army service is incomplete. Many of them were casuals who served in the B.E.F. or elsewhere before their period of temporary duty with Base Hospital No. 5. ROSTER OF OFFICERS 87 GRAHAM, Archibald F., Lieutenant. University College, Richmond, Va. Attached from July 7 to September 4, 191 8. Address: Patterson, N.J. GRAVES, Asa W., Captain. Medical College of Virginia, Richmond. Attached from October 20, 191 8, to January i, 19 19. Address: Lacey Spring, Va. SCHUDDE, Otto N., Captain. Barnes Medical College, St. Louis. Attached from November 28, 191 8, to January i, 191 9. Address: Sullivan, Mo. TOLAND, William A., Captain. Jefferson Medical College. At- tached from September 24 to December 22, 19 18. Address: Pottstown, Penn. WOOLLEY, Paul V., Lieutenant. University Medical College, Kan- sas City. Attached from June 22, 1917, to August 23, 1917. Address: Kansas City, Mo. WORCESTER, James N., Lieutenant. College of Physicians and Surgeons. Attached from November 3 to 29, 19 17. Address: 125 East 57th Street, New York City. Attached British Officers LOUGHMAN, W. F. M., Major, R.A.M.C. British Registrar of Unit, succeeding Major Wood. RICHMOND, C. E. T., Lieutenant, R.A.M.C. British Quartermaster of Unit, November i, 1917, to February i, 1919. WOOD, A. E. B., Major, R.A.M.C. British Registrar of Unit, May 31, 1917, to 1918. Publications BOCK, A. v., with FITZ, Reginald. A Case of Diabetes Mellitus Treated by the Allen Method, Quarterly Journal of Medicine, London, July, 19 19. BOCK, A. v., with ROBERTSON, O. H. Memorandum on Blood Volume after Hemorrhage, British Medical Research Committee Publications, August 8, 1918. The Use of Forced Fluids by the Alimentary Tract in the Restora- tion of Blood Volume after Hemorrhage, Journal of Experimental Medicine, February, 19 19. BOCK, A. v., with STODDARD, J. L. Pneumonia as a Complication of Epidemic Influenza, American Jour- nal of the Medical Sciences, September, 1 919. BROWN, Percy. Clinical Observations in Military Roentgenology (with J. S. Young, Base Hospital No. 12), American Journal of Roentgenology, Septem- ber, 1918. CANNON, W. B. *Some Alterations in Distribution and Character of Blood in Shock and Hemorrhage (with John Eraser and A. N. Hooper, R.A.M.C.), Journal of American Medical Association, February 23, 1918. * Acidosis in Cases of Shock, Hemorrhage and Gas Infection, Ibid., February 23, 1918. *A Consideration of the Nature of Wound Shock, Ibid., March 2, 1918. *The Preventive Treatment of Wound Shock (with John Eraser and E. M. Cowell, R.A.M.C), Ibid., March 2, 191 8. * (These four papers were issued December, 19 17, for distribution in pamphlet form by the British Medical Research Committee, under the title " Investigation of the Nature and Treatment of Wound Shock and Allied Conditions.") The Physiological Basis of Thirst, Proceedings Royal Society, Lon- don, June 21, 1918. A Basis for Discussion of Traumatic Shock, Comptes Rendus Societc de Biologie, Paris, October 19, 19 18. Traumatic Shock and Hemorrhage, published from the Division of Surgical Research, Central Medical Department Laboratory, U.S. Army, A.E.F. PUBLICATIONS 89 Note on Muscle Injury in Relation to Shock (with W. M. Bayliss, F.R.S.), British Medical Research Committee, March 14, 1919. Some Characteristics of Shock Induced by Tissue Injury, Ibid., March 14, 1919. The Course of Events in Secondary Wound Shock, Journal of the American Medical Association, July 19, 1919. GUSHING, Harvey. Notes on Penetrating Wounds of the Brain, British Medical Journal, Februarj^ 23, 1918. Study of a Series of Wounds Involving the Brain and its Enveloping Structures, British Journal of Surgery, April, 191 8. Some Neurological Aspects of Reconstruction, Transactions of the Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons, 1919. (In press.) Con- taining portion of official report from the Senior Consultant in Neuro- surgery, A.E.F., to the Chief Surgeon, A.E.F. Establishment of a National Institute of Neurology, American Journal of Insanity, 1919. (In press.) CUTLER, E. C. The Organization, Function and Operation of an Evacuation Hospital. (In press.) Report of Surgical Operating Team No. 6, A.E.F., during the Battle of the Marne. (In press.) DERBY, G. S. Ophthalmic Notes from Base Hospital No. 5, U.S. Army (No. 11 General Hospital), B.E.F., France. Ophthalmic Record, October, 1917. Efifects of Mustard Gas on the Eyes, American Journal of Medical Sciences, November, 191 8. Observations on Eye Work with the British Expeditionary Force in France, Archives of Ophthalmology, February, 1 919. Case of Double Retinal Separation in Trench Nephritis, American Journal of Ophthalmology, March, 19 19. The Control of Trachoma among the Alien Labor Companies of the British and American Expeditionary Forces, Ibid., July, 191 9. Ocular Manifestations Following Exposure to Various Types of Poi- sonous Gases, Archives of Ophthalmology. (In press.) FITZ, Reginald. The Urea Index as a Test for Kidney Function in a War Hospital, Journal American Medical Association, June 8, 1918. Trench Nephritis at a British General Hospital in France, Military Surgeon, July, 1919. Nephritis in the Soldier, Journal American Medical Association, July 19, 1919. A Comparison of Medical Casualties in American and British Troops at a General Hospital in France (with Alice Cunningham, Secretary), American Journal of Medical Sciences, September, 1919. Napoleon's Camp at Boulogne, Annals of Medical History. (In press.) 90 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 FITZ, Reginald, with BOCK, A. V. A Case of Diabetes Mellitus Treated by the Allen Method. (Cf. Bock with Fitz.) HARVEY, S. C. Official Report to Chief Surgeon, A.E.F., of Work at Special Head Hospital, Deuxnouds. (Unpublished.) HARVEY, S. C, with STODDARD, J. L. Analysis of the Problem of Infection, Military Surgeon, May, 1918. HORRAX, Gilbert. Disturbances of Spatial Orientation and Visual Attention with Loss of Stereoscopic Vision (with Col. Gordon Holmes, R.A.M.C.), Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, April, 1919. Observations on a Series of Gunshot Wounds of the Head, British Journal of Surgery, July, 19 19. LEE, R. I. Example of a Rapid Method for the Selection of Suitable Donors for Transfusion by the Determination of Blood Groups, British Medical Journal, November 24, 191 7. Case for the More Efficient Treatment of Light Casualties in Mili- tary Hospitals, Military Surgeon, March, 1918. Field Observations on Blood Volume, American Journal of Medical Sciences. (In press.) OSGOOD, R. B. Manual of Splints and Appliances for the Medical Corps of the United States Army (with W, J. Keller, Joseph A. Blake, Nathaniel Allison, Wm. S. Baer, and Alexander Lambert), November, 191 7. American Medical Officers Serving in Orthopaedic Centres of Great Britain, Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery, February, 1918. The Transport Splint of the American Army, Journal American Medical Association, August 31, 191 8. Notes on Excision of Septic Joints, American Journal Orthopaedic Surgery, October, 191 8. Medical Work with the American Expeditionary Forces, Military Surgeon, October, 191 8. Bone and Joint Casualties and the Transport Splints, Pennsylvania State Medical Journal, October, 191 8. Treatment of Bone and Joint Injuries, Journal of Orthopaedic Sur- gery, May, 1 91 9. Orthopaedic Services in General, Base and Debarkation Hospitals in the United States, Ibid., June, 19 19. Back Strain, an Accident or a Disease, Journal of Industrial Medicine, July, 1919- POTTER, W. H. Translation of " Les Fractures Mandibulaires Post-elevateurs," par Georges Villain, Chef du Service Technique du Dispensaire Militaire No. 45, Army Sanitary School Publications, A.E.F. PUBLICATIONS 91 ROBERTSON, O. H. Memorandum on Blood Transfusion, British Medical Research Com- mittee, April 4, 1918; revised edition, September 6, 1918. A Method of Citrated Blood Transfusion, British Medical Journal, April 27, 1918. Transfusion with Preserved Blood Cells, Ibid., June 22, 1918. ROBERTSON, O. H., with BOCK, A. V. Memorandum on Blood Volume after Hemorrhage. (Cf. Bock with Robertson.) The Use of Forced Fluids by the Alimentary Tract in the Restoration of Blood Volume after Hemorrhage. (Cf. Bock with Robertson.) STODDARD, J. L. The Occurrence of Spirochaetes in the Urine, British Medical Journal, September 29, 1917. Some Points in the Technique of Separating Anaerobes, Journal Amer- ican Medical Association, March 30, 19 18. The Occurrence and Significance of B. Welchii in Certain Wounds, Ibid., October 26, 19 18. Bacillus Multifermentans Tenalbus (a New Anaerobe), the Lancet (London), January 4, 191 9. Bacillus Egens ; a New Pathogenic Anaerobe, Journal of Experimental Medicine, February i, 1919. STODDARD, J. L., with BOCK, A. V. Pneumonia as a Complication of Epidemic Influenza. (Cf. Bock with Stoddard.) STODDARD, J. L., with HARVEY, S. C. Analysis of the Problem of Infection. (Cf. Harvey with Stoddard.) STRONG, R. P. Reports of Trench Fever Committee, published in " War Medicine," 191 8, and Oxford University Press, 191 8. TERHUNE, W. B. The War Neuroses, Journal American Medical Association, May ii, 1918. Feigned Aipnesia as a Defense Reaction, Ibid., February 22, 19 19. Peripheral Nerve Injuries (with G. E. Price and H. O. Feiss, A.R.C. Military Hospital No. i ), Archives of Neurologj^ and Psychiatry, May i, 1919. Roster of Nurses ARVIN, Mary W. Graduate Owensboro City Hospital, Owensboro, Ky. Joined Unit July 1 8, 191 7- Personal commendation from General Pershing for conduct during air raid June 30, 19 18. Returned with original Unit. Address: % Mr. Thomas T. Towles, Henderson, Ky. BARKER, Jane A. Graduate Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 1917. Returned with original Unit. Address: 31 20 Telegraph Avenue, Berkeley, Cal. BIRNIE, Mary. Graduate King's County Hospital, Brooklyn, N.Y. Joined Unit May 7, 1917. September 22, 1918, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. : September 29 to October 16 at Deux- nouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. December i assigned to temporary duty with Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briey. Re- attached to Unit January i, 1919, and returned with them. Address: 2io West Jersey Street, Elizabeth, N.J. BREWER, Eleanor E. Graduate City Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 1917. Returned with original Unit. Address: Bridgewater, Maine. BROOKS, Ethel G. Graduate Worcester City Hospital, Worcester, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. September 22, 19 18, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. : September 29 to October 16 at Deuxnouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. December I assigned for duty with Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briey. Reattached to Unit January i, 1919. March 2 reassigned to Evacuation Hospital No. 18; permanently detached from Unit. Address: North Grafton, Mass. BURNS, Christina L. Graduate Massachusetts General Hospital, Bos- ton, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 1917. September 22, 1918, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F.: September 29 to Octo- ber 16 at Deuxnouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. De- cember I assigned for duty with Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briej. Reattached to Unit January i, 19 19, and returned with them. Address: 40 Vose's Lane, Milton, Mass. BUTLER, Rose K. Graduate Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 1917. May 11, 1918, appointed Chief Nurse of Unit, relieving Miss Hall. December 31, 19 18, mentioned in o -5 ° _2 w .J 3 I- — I CJO I lO O > -tJ '^ 'Sac ^""^^ i) Q . is Pi ^ D pi Z 2 Q <= c « o '^ >>• ^ i> _Q-T3 "u C fee -O S « P 3 S ^ I " ^ .'^ ^ a i -J ^<5 . ^ ROSTER OF NURSES 93 Sir Douglas Haig's dispatches. Awarded Royal Red Cross by British Government for service as Chief Nurse of Unit. Returned with origi- nal Unit. Address: 33 Fifth Street, Wellington, Mass. CAIN, Anna P. Graduate Englewood Hospital, Englewood, N.J. Joined Unit May 9, 1917. Returned with original Unit. Address: 1 37 Roselawn Avenue, North Toronto, Ontario, Canada. CARLSTROM, Dorothea A. Graduate Springfield Hospital, Spring- field, Mass. Joined Unit May 9, 191 7. Returned with original Unit. Address: lOO Benedict Terrace, Longmeadow, Mass. CASE, Sara V. Graduate Mercy Hospital, Baltimore, Md. Joined Unit May 9, 191 7. Returned with original Unit. Address: 127 North Avenue, Baltimore, Md. CLEMENTS, Eva B. Graduate McLean Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit October 6, 191 8, from No. 22 General Hospital, B.E.F. Returned with Unit. Address: Liverpool, Nova Scotia, Canada. CLENDENIN, Virginia R. Graduate University of Maryland Hospi- tal, Baltimore, Md. Joined LTnit May 9, 191 7. Returned with origi- nal Unit. Address: Colona, Md. COAKLEY, M. Grant. Graduate Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Bos- ton, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. Returned with original Unit. Address: The Quadrangle, Heme Hill, London, England. CONKLIN, Ruth DeM. Graduate Corning Hospital, Corning, N.Y. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. Returned with original Unit. Address: 81 East 3d Street, Corning, N.Y, CUMMINGS, Mary S. Graduate Morton Hospital, Taunton, Mass. Joined Unit October 6, 1918, from No. 22 General Hospital, B.E.F. Returned with Unit. Address: 50 Broadway, Taunton, Mass. CUNNINGHAM, Dorothy. Graduate Newton Hospital, Newton, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. Returned with original Unit. Address: 129 Jewett Street, Newton, Mass. CUNNINGHAM, Rose A. Graduate Boston City Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 19 17. September 22, 191 8, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. : September 29 to October 16 at Deuxnouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. December i assigned for duty with Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briey. Reattached to Unit January i, 19 19, and returned with them. Address: 20 Charlesgate West, Boston, Mass. DACEY, Phyllis M. Graduate Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. September 22, 1918, detached for duty with 94 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. : September 29 to October 16 at Deux- nouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. December i assigned for duty with Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briey. Reattached to Unit January I, 1919, and returned with them. Address: 207 19th Avenue, Duluth, Minn. DEVINE, Elizabeth. Graduate State Infirmary, Tewkesbury, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. Returned with original Unit. Address: East Chelmsford, Mass. DOWNEY, Mary A. Graduate Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. Returned with original Unit. Address: Jenny Lind Street, North Easton, Mass. EBBS, Helen J. Graduate of Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 1917. June 24 to August 15, 1918, de- tached for duty with British forward hospitals: No. 22 CCS. and No. 51 CCS. Received Royal Red Cross from British for this service. Returned with original Unit. Address: 28 Canton Street, North Easton, Mass. ELWELL, Alice M. Graduate Milford Hospital, Milford, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 19 17. Returned with original Unit. Address: lo Grace Street, Maiden, Mass. FISKE, Louise G. Graduate Emerson Hospital, Forest Hills, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 19 17. Returned with original Unit. Address: 79 Summer Street, Rockland, Maine. FLETCHER, Gertrude. Graduate Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. January 19, 1919, invalided to England, subsequently to U.S. Address: 9 Rock Terrace, Dorchester, Mass. FORREY, Katherine E. Graduate St. Luke's Hospital, New York City. Joined Unit May 9, 191 7. December 9, 191 8, invalided to Eng- land, subsequently to U.S. Address: R.F.D. No. 3, Newark, Ohio. GERRARD, Gertrude M. Graduate Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. July 22 to November I, 19 1 7, detached for duty with No. 46 CCS., B.E.F., at Proven, Bel- gium. Returned with original Unit. Mentioned in Sir Douglas Haig's dispatches, December 29, 19 17. Has received Royal Red Cross from British for service with forward hospital. Address: 6 Highland Street, East Gloucester, Mass. GREGG, Elinor D. Graduate Waltham Hospital, Waltham, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 19 17. September 22, 19 18, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. : September 29 to October 16 at Deux- nouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. December i assigned to Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briey for temporary duty. January i. ROSTER OF NURSES 95 19 1 9, reattached to original Unit and returned with them. Served as Night Supervisor October i to November i, 191 7, at Camiers; also dur- ing service with Mobile Hospital No. 6. Address: 8 CoUeston Road, Brookline, Mass. HALL, Carrie M. Graduate Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 19 17, as Chief Nurse. May 11, 19 18, de- tached for duty as Chief Nurse, A.R.C., for Great Britain. October i, 1918, appointed assistant to Miss Julia Stimson, Chief Nurse, A.R.C., in France. November 12 succeeded Miss Stimson and appointed Chief Nurse, A.R.C., in France, and Director of Bureau of Nurses, with Headquarters in Paris. Landed in U.S. June 11, 1919. Mentioned in Sir Douglas Haig's dispatches of December 29, 191 7. Has received Royal Red Cross from the British for service as Chief Nurse of Unit. Address: % Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Mass. HALL, Katherine C. Graduate Springfield Hospital, Springfield, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 1919. Returned with original Unit. Address: % Mrs. C. C. Hunt, 50 Grosvenor Street, Rutherford, NJ. HARTMAN, Martha A. Graduate Mercy Hospital, Baltimore, Md. Joined Unit May 9, 191 7. Returned with original Unit. Address: 640 West 139th Street, New York City, HAWKINS, Ruth E. Graduate Emerson Hospital, Forest Hills, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7, September 22, 191 8, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No, 6, A.E.F. : September 29 to October 16 at Deux- nouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes, December i assigned to Evacuation Hospital No, 18 at Briey, January I, 1 9 19, reattached to original Unit and returned with them. Address: Winona, N.H. HEPPEL, Jeannie. Graduate Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury, Conn. Joined Unit July 8, 191 7. Returned with original Unit. Address: 9 Hewlett Street, Waterbury, Conn, JEFFERSON, Pauline C, Graduate Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 1917, September 22, 1918, detached for duty as Chief Nurse of Mobile No. 6, A.E.F,: September 29 to Octo- ber 16 at Deuxnouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes, De- cember I assigned to temporary duty with Evacuation Hospital No, 18 at Briey. January i, 1919, reattached to original Unit and returned with them. Address: 55 Astor Street, Boston, JEFFRIES, Sallie M. Graduate Johnston Willis Sanatarium, Rich- mond, Va, Joined Unit July 18, 191 7. Returned with original Unit, Address: Mt. Ida, Alexandria, Va. KARAS, Caroline M, Graduate Mercy Hospital, Baltimore, Md, Joined Unit July 18, 191 7. Returned with original Unit, Address: 703 North Belwood Avenue, Baltimore, Md. 96 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 KLEIN, Adele. Graduate Staten Island Hospital, N.Y. Joined Unit July 1 8, 191 7- Returned with original Unit. Address: 648 Tompkins Avenue, Fort Wadsworth, Staten Island, N.Y. LAKE, Alice L. Graduate Boston City Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. Returned with original Unit. Served as Night Supervisor from November I, 191 7, to February I, 19 19. Address: Topsfield, Mass. LAURIN, Esther E. Graduate Lowell General Hospital, Lowell, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 19 17. September 22, 19 18, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. : September 29 to October 16 at Deuxnouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. December i assigned to Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briey. January i reattached to original Unit and returned with them. Address: 40 Lundberg Street, Lowell, Mass. LEARY, Marion E. Graduate Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 1917. January 19, 1919, invalided to England, subsequently to U.S. Address: Grove Street, South Braintree, Mass. LEAVITT, Margaret R. Graduate Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 151 Pearl Street, Newton, Mass. LIEBREICH, M. Victoria. Graduate Lebanon Hospital, N.Y. Joined Unit July 18, 191 7. September 22, 19 18, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. : September 29 to October 16 at Deux- nouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. December i assigned to Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briey. January i, 19 19, reattached to original Unit and returned with them. Address: Buck's Hill, Waterbury, Conn. LYNDBERG, Tekla M. Graduate Galesburg Hospital, Galesburg, 111., and Boston Floating Hospital. Joined Unit May 9, 191 7. Mar- ried January 15, 19 19, to Lieutenant Vick, British Army, and detached from Unit. Address: 62 Boulevard Stc. Beuve, Boulogne, France. MacDONALD, Melda F. Graduate Boston City Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 72 Highland Avenue, Salem, Mass. MARTIN, Nancy L. Graduate Memorial Hospital, Richmond, Va. Joined Unit July 18, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: Stuart, Va. McCLOSKEY, Louise H. Graduate Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 45 Ridgemont Street, Brighton, Mass. ROSTER OF NURSES 97 MOIR, Edna H. Graduate Waterburj^ Hospital, Waterbury, Conn. Joined Unit July i8, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 224 Hillside Avenue, Waterbury, Conn. MOULTON, Louise M. Graduate Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Bos- ton, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 1917. January 19, 1919, invalided to England, subsequently to U.S. Address: 9 Parkman Avenue, Westboro, Mass. NORTHRUP, Margaretta M. Graduate Anna Jaques Hospital, New- buryport, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Served as Night Supervisor from June i to November i, 191 7. Address: 53 Walnut Street, Somerville, Mass. PARKER, Caroline P. Graduate Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. September 22, 19 18, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. : September 29 to October 16 at Deux- nouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. December i assigned to temporary duty with Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briey. Jan- uary I, 19 1 9, reattached to original Unit and returned with them. Address: 61 Heath Street, Brookline, Mass. PARMELEE, Eva J. Graduate Springfield Hospital, Springfield, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Awarded Military Medal by the British War Office for conduct during hospital air raid of September 4, 191 7. Address: 108 Calhoun Street, Springfield, Mass. PAXTON, Florence E. Graduate Metropolitan Training School, Blackwell's Island, N.Y. Joined Unit May 9, 191 7. December 11, 19 1 8, invalided to England. Address: The Clumps, Old Fencham Road, Farnham, Surrey, England. PETERSEN, Ingrid. Graduate Staten Island Hospital, N.Y. Joined Unit May 9, 19 17. Returned with Unit. Address: Amboy Road, Tottenville, Staten Island, N.Y. PETERSEN, Petra. Graduate Staten Island Hospital, N.Y. Joined Unit May 9, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: Amboy Road, Tottenville, Staten Island, N.Y. PETERSON, Hanna S. Graduate McLean Hospital and Massachu- setts General Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7, as Assistant Chief Nurse. Returned with Unit. Mentioned in Sir Doug- las Haig's Dispatches of December 31, 19 18. Received Royal Red Cross from British for service as Assistant Chief Nurse of Unit. Address: 36 Whitten Street, Dorchester, Mass. POLLACK, Elizabeth M. Graduate Overlook Hospital, Summit, N.J. Joined Unit May 9, 191 7. September 22, 19 18, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. : September 29 to October 16 at Deux- nouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. December i assigned 98 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 to temporary duty with Evacuation Hospital No. 1 8 at Briey. Jan- uary I, 1919, reattached to original Unit and returned with them. Address: 68 Bloomfield Avenue, Newark, N. J. PRAETORIUS, Ingeborg. Graduate Overlook Hospital, Summit, N.J. Joined Unit May 9, 191 7. September 22, 1 91 8, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. : September 29 to October 16 at Deux- nouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. December i assigned to temporary duty with Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briey. Jan- uary I, 1 91 9, reattached to original Unit and returned with them. Address: 22 Elm Street, Summit, N.J. PRICE, GoLDA G. Graduate University of Maryland Hospital, Balti- more, Aid. Joined Unit July 18, 1917. April 10 to June 24, 1918, detached for temporary duty with No. 4 Canadian CCS. at Pernes. September 22 detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. ; September 29 to October 16 at Deuxnouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. December i assigned to temporary duty with Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briey. January i, 1 91 9, reattached to original Unit and returned with them. Received Royal Red Cross from British for service at Canadian forward hospital. Address: Amburg, Middlesex County, Va. RANNEY, Grace L. Graduate Massachusetts General Hospital, Bos- ton, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 80 Center Street, Concord, N.H. ROBINSON, Gertrude F. Graduate Lowell General Hospital, Lowell, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 208 Princeton Street, Lowell, Mass. SANDS, Tylesley L. Graduate Christ Hospital, Jersey City, N.J. Joined Unit July 18, 191 7. Personal commendation from General Pershing for conduct during air raid June 30, 191 8. Returned with original Unit. Address: 13 15 Park Road, West, Washington, D.C. SEDLACEK, Mary C Graduate St. Joseph's German Hospital, Balti- more, Md, Joined Unit May 9, 1917. September 22, 1918, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F.: September 29 to Octo- ber 16 at Deuxnouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. De- cember I assigned to temporary duty with No. 18 Evacuation Hospital at Briey. January I, 19 19, reattached to original Unit and returned with them. Address: 200 King Street, Annapolis, Md. SHEPPERSON, Grace E. Graduate Mercy Hospital, Baltimore, Md. Joined Unit May 9, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 423 East 22d Street, Baltimore, Md. SHULTIS, Eva M. Graduate Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury, Conn. Joined Unit July 18, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 2io North Main Street, Waterbury, Conn. ROSTER OF NURSES 99 SILVA, Gertrude A. Graduate Staten Island Hospital, N.Y. Joined Unit July 18, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: 72 Pennsylvania Avenue, Rosebank, Staten Island, N.Y. SMALL, Margaret. Graduate St. Luke's Hospital, New York City. Joined Unit May 9, 19 17. Returned with Unit. Address: 29 North Belfast Avenue, Augusta, Maine. SMITH, Alma C. Graduate Savannah Hospital, Savannah, Ga. Joined Unit July 18, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: Washington, Ga. STOUFFER, Barbara E. Graduate University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Md. Joined Unit May 9, 19 17. February 20, 19 19, de- tached from Unit to join A.R.C. Commission to Poland. Address: 511 North Fremont Street, Baltimore, Md. TAYLOR, Maria E. Graduate Memorial Hospital, Richmond, Va. Joined Unit July 18, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: Richmond, Va. THOMPSON, Cora E. Graduate St. Luke's Hospital, New York City. Joined Unit July 18, 1917. September 22, 1918, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. : September 29 to October 16 at Deux- nouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. December i assigned to temporary duty with Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briey. Jan- uary I, 19 1 9, reattached to original Unit and returned with them. Address: 250 Poplar Plains Road, Toronto, Canada. THOMPSON, Jane. Graduate Anna Jaques Hospital, Newburyport, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 1917. August 21, 1917, invalided to U.S. Address: West Newbury, Mass. TRUEWORTHY, Winifred. Graduate Newton Hospital, Newton, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. September 22, 191 8, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. : September 29 to Octo- ber 16 at Deuxnouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. De- cember I assigned to Evacuation Hospital at Briey for temporary duty. Reattached to original Unit January i, 1919; permanently detached March 2 and reassigned to Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briey. Address: South Wellfleet, Mass. TUELL, Josephine. Graduate St. Luke's Hospital, New York City. Joined Unit May 9, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: Central Club for Nurses, East 45th Street, New York City. WAHLER, LiLLiE N. Graduate Church Home and Infirmary, Balti- more, Md. Joined Unit May 9, 1917. September 22, 1918, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. : September 29 to Octo- ber 16 at Deuxnouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. De- cember I assigned to Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briey for temporary duty. January i, 191 8, reattached to original Unit and returned with them. Address: 2230 Ruskin Avenue, Baltimore, Md. lOO U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 WALLACE, Mary E. Graduate Orange Memorial Hospital, Orange, N.J. Joined Unit May 9, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 24 Valley Street, Orange, N.J. WALLIS, Mary A. Graduate Hospital Crippled Children, Baltimore, Md. Joined Unit May 9, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 231 East North Avenue, Baltimore, Md. WALSH, Elizabeth M. Graduate Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Bos- ton, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 1917. September 22, 1918, detached for duty with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F. : September 29 to Octo- ber 16 at Deuxnouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. De- cember I assigned to Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briey for temporary duty. January i, 1919, reattached to original Unit and returned with them. Address: 15 Hurd Road, Brookline, Mass. WEEKS, Ruth M. Graduate Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7, and returned with Unit. Address: 9 Higgins Street, Auburndale, Mass. WILDAY, Grace. Graduate Elizabeth General Hospital, Elizabeth, N.J. Joined Unit May 9, 191 7. September 22, 19 18, detached for duty with No. 6 Mobile Hospital, A.E.F. : September 29 to October 16 at Deuxnouds; October 16 to November 30 at Varennes. December i assigned for temporary duty with Evacuation Hospital No. 18 at Briey. January i, 1919, reattached to original Unit and returned with them. Address: 307 Grier Avenue, Elizabeth, N.J. WILSON, IsABELLE M. Graduate New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Conn. Joined Unit July 18, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 8 College Street, Waterbury, Conn. WOHLGEMUTH, Margaret C. Graduate St. Joseph's Hospital, Baltimore, Md. Joined Unit May 9, 19 17. Returned with Unit. Address: 390 West Street, Annapolis, Md. WRIGHT, Mary L. Graduate Springfield Hospital, Springfield, Mass. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. November 2 to December 6, 191 7, detached for temporary duty with No. 46 C.C.S., B.E.F., at Proven, Belgium. Returned with Unit. Received Royal Red Cross from British for serv- ice with forward hospital. Address: % Springfield Hospital, Springfield, Mass. Dietitian HULSIZER, E. Marjorie. Joined Unit May 9, 191 7. December 20, 1918, detached for duty with Base Hospital No. 57, A.E.F., in Paris. Returned with that organization August, 191 9. Received Royal Red Cross from British for service as Dietitian with Base Hospital No. 5. Address: Flemington, N.J. ROSTER OF NURSES loi Secretaries CUNNINGHAM, Alice. Joined Unit May 7, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: 82 Chestnut Street, Boston, Mass. REYNOLDS, Marjorie. Joined Unit May 7, 1917, October 29, 1918, invalided to England, and to U.S. December 11, 1918. Address: 27 Northey Street, Salem, Mass. SHEPLEY, Julia H. Joined Unit May 7, 191 7. July 29 to Decem- ber 26, 1 91 8, detached for temporary duty at Headquarters of Medical and Surgical Consultants, A.E.F. Returned with original Unit. Address: Warren Street, Brookline, Mass. Roster of Enlisted Personnel ABBE, Frederick E., Private, First Class. Joined Unit with reinforce- ments July 30, 19 1 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 275 Rock Street, Fall River, Mass. ALLEN, DwiGHT A., Sergeant, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 67 Lincoln Street, Hudson, Mass. BAKER, Cecil, Private, First Class. Medical Department, U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit, Fort Totten, May 11, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: % Bachrach's Studio, Providence, R.L BARKER, Charles H., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Bos- ton, May 7, 19 1 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., September 8, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Returned with Unit. Address: P.O. Box 298, Lawrence, Mass. BARRETT, David L., Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., August 21, 19 1 8, to September 20, 191 8. Invalided to Camp Hospital No. 4, A.E.F., September 20, 191 8. Subsequently returned to U.S. as patient. Address: 33 Coolidge Road, Allston, Mass. BARRY, THOMAS F., Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 19 1 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., Sep- tember 17, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Returned with Unit. Address: 9 Hobart Street, Dan vers, Mass. BARTLETT, Herman E., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: % Dr. R. E. Bartlett, Berea, Ky. BARTLETT, Howard S., Sergeant, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 90 Pleasant Street, Brookline, Mass. BEATTY, Kenneth A„ Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 12 Church Street, Newton, N.J. BEEVERS, Frank A., Cook. Assigned to Unit September 27, 1918. Returned with Unit. Address: 53' Pleasant Street, Lawrence, Mass. SECTIOX ONE — Left to Right Front Row: Burton, Donovan, J. C, Shea, Barker, Livingston, Sullivan, Callahan. Mulvihill Middle Row: Barry, King. Donovan. F. C, Diehl, Crawford, Crooker, ("hamberlin Back Row: Smith. Davidson. Robinson, F.. Rocchi. Bartlett. H. F.., Fluegel SECTIOX TWO — Left to Right Front Row: Dale. Leather, P. N., Gray, \V., Oehmig, Foley, Kimpton. White. Fowler. Middle Row: McClelland, Pickett, Lofberg Lesher, Xewhall. H. D., Golding. Whidden, Salmon, Donovan, E. H., Foster Back Row: Ward, Hur.xtha, Gray, F. M., Coleman, Elliott, Hersey, L'rlass, Matthews, Higgins ROSTER OF ENLISTED PERSONNEL 103 BIERSTADT, Albert M., Private, First Class. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 19 17, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 12 Remington Street, Cambridge, Mass. BROWER, Hiram P., Cook. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Wounded in hospital air raid September 4, 191 7. Address: 7 Center Street, Cambridge, Mass. BURGESS, Clifford J., Corporal. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 107 Franklin Street, Brookline, Mass. BURTON, Fred M., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: I Brick Street, Lawrence, Mass. BRYANT, George A., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 490 Central Street, Cliftondale, Mass. BUTTERWORTH, John A., Sergeant, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 19 17. Returned with Unit. Address: Bruce Street, Lawrence, Mass. CAHOON, George B., Cook. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: 53 Elm Avenue, Brockton, Mass. CAIN, Lawrence W., Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Invalided to Base Hospital No. 136, Vannes, March, 1919. Returned to U.S. as patient. Address: 24 West Street, Medford, Mass. CALL, Luther P. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917, with rank of Private. Detached February 28, 1918, for duty with Colonel Patterson in A.E.F. Subsequently promoted to Corporal and Sergeant, and on November I, 19 18, commissioned Second Lieutenant U.S. Artil- lery and attached to Headquarters, General Stafif, Army of Occupation. Later attached to Inspector General's Department at Brest. Address: 41 Astor Street, Boston, Mass. CALLAHAN, Daniel F., Corporal. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 19 1 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 40 North Street, Haverhill, Mass. CAMERON, Edwin J., Cook. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Transferred to St. Aignan-Noyers for reassignment January 16, 19 19. Address: 99 Garden Street, Cambridge, Mass. CAMPBELL, Colin, Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Died at Camiers June 17, 191 7. 104 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 CAMPBELL, Harry M., Sergeant. Original volunteer: enrolled with Unit, Boston, May 7, igiy. Returned with Unit. Address: 6 Oakland Street, Roxbury, Mass. CAMPBELL, Willie T., Private. Attached September 28, 1918, to Quartermaster Reserve Corps of Unit. Detached March 8, 19 19, to Quartermaster Depot for reassignment. CARON, Charles J., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: I Carson Street, Worcester, Mass. CARRIER, F. Laurence, Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., Sep- tember 17, 1918, January 7, 1919. Returned with Unit. Address: Colchester, Conn. CATTELL, McKeen, Sergeant, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Bos- ton, May 7, 191 7. Detached April 9, 19 18, to Central Medical Labora- tory, Dijon, A.E.F. Received commission as First Lieutenant in Sani- tary Corps June 27, 191 8. Returned as casual May 5, 1919. Address: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. CAY, William M., Mechanic. Joined with reinforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Detached at Vannes. Returned as casual. Address: I20 Crown Street, Aberdeen, Scotland. CHAMBERLAIN, Walter R., Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., August 21, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Returned with Unit. Address: 518 Columbus Avenue, Boston, Mass. CHASE, Walter M., Sergeant, First Class. Original volunteer: en- rolled with Unit. Enlisted, Boston, May 7, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: 37 School Street, Somerville, Mass. CHICK, Clarence L., Sergeant. Medical Department U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit, Fort Totten, May 11, 1917. Detached to Camp Sur- geon's office. Camp Pontenezen, Brest, April 7, 1919. Returned as casual August 6, 19 19. Address: 9 Fairmount Street, Salem, Mass. CLIFFORD, Carl E., Private, First Class. Joined Unit with reinforce- ments July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: Brookline, N.H. CLIFFORD, Paul, Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Detached for temporary duty with Surgical Operating Team at No. 46, C.C.S., B.E.F., July 22, 1917, to November i, 1917. Transferred to Camp Hospital No. 82, A.E.F., October 12, 19 18. Address: Ware, Mass. ROSTER OF ENLISTED PERSONNEL 105 COLE, KiNLOCH P., Hospital Sergeant. Medical Department, U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit, Fort Totten, May 11, 191 7. Detached March 27, 191 8, to Officers' Training Camp, Langres. Address: % Adjutant General, Washington, D.C. COLEMAN, Arthur, Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 19 1 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., August 21, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Returned with Unit. Address: 7 Pierce Street, Marblehead, Mass. COOK, Edwin, Sergeant, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 9 Park Street, Danvers, Mass. COUTURE, John A., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 4 Hazleton Street, Mattapan, Mass. CRAWFORD, Alexander G., Private, First Class. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 19 17, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 592 Trapelo Road, Waverley, Mass. CROOKER, Phineas A., Jr., Corporal. Joined Unit with reinforce- ments July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: % W. F. Schrafft and Sons, Boston. CROSWELL, Ralph H., Corporal. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 1919, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: Treasury Department, State House, Boston, Mass. CROWELL, Kenneth J., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: Webster Street, Maiden, Mass. CROWELL, William H., Mechanic. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 19 1 7. Returned with Unit. Address: Sea Street, Hyannis, Mass. DALE, Timothy C, Private, First Class. Joined Unit with reinforce- ments July 30, 1 91 7, in Camiers. Demobilized in France. Address: Island Pond, Vt. DANFORTH, James L., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., September 8, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Returned with Unit. Address: IngersoU Street, Danvers, Mass. DANIELS, Abraham, Sergeant. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 1 9 19, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 47 Humboldt Avenue, Roxbury, Mass. DAVIDSON, Harold J., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: II 9 Liberty Street, Athol, Mass. io6 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 DAVIS, Harold W. C, Cook. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 19 1 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 910 Carfield Street, Port Huron, Mich. DAY, WooTSiE, Private, First Class. Medical Department, U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit, Fort Totten, May 11, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: 104 High Street, Portsmouth, Ohio. DIEHL, Harold W., Private, First Class. Joined Unit with reinforce- ments July 30, 19 1 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 60 Fairfield Street, Cambridge, Mass. DONOVAN, Edward H., Private, First Class. Joined Unit with re- inforcements July 30, 19 1 7, in Camiers. Transferred to Entertainment Department, Base Section No. i, A.E.F., March 22, 1919. Returned as casual July 20, 19 19. Address: 36 Webster Avenue, Cambridge, Mass. DONOVAN, Francis C, Private, First Class. Joined Unit with re- inforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 34 Francis Street, Roxbury, Mass. DONOVAN, John A., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., September 8, 19 18, to January 7, 1919. Returned with Unit. Address: 9 Beacon Street, Somerville, Mass. DOWDELL, Ralph E., Private. Joined Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, April 22, 191 8. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., September 8, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Transferred to St. Aignan-Noyers for reassignment January 16, igiQ* Address: 229 Miller Avenue, Portsmouth, N.H. DUDLEY, Roy H., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Transferred to 246th Company, M.P.C., March, 1919. Address: Ballston, Va. DUGAN, Edward E., Sergeant. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 119 Glenway Street, Dorchester, Mass. DUMONT, Steve C, Cook. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: 86 Chandler Street, Nashua, N.H. DUNN, Edward F., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., September 8, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Transferred to St. Aignan-Noyers for re- assignment January 16, 1919. Returned as casual March 1 1, 1919. Address: 15 Stanton Street, Maiden, Mass. EDWARDS, Charles A., Sergeant. Original volunteer: enrolled with Unit. Enlisted, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Severe concussion in air raid of September 4, 19 17. Returned with Unit. Address: 9 Charles Street, Boston, Mass. ROSTER OF ENLISTED PERSONNEL 107 ELLIOTT, James R., Private, First Class. Joined Unit with reinforce- ments July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 1325 Commonwealth Avenue, Allston, Mass. ENGLISH, William E., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Invalided to U.S. April 24, 1918. Address: 13 1 Ashmont Street, Dorchester, Mass. FISHER, Oscar D., Cook. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: Quitman, Miss. FITZGERALD, William J., Private. Attached to Quartermaster Re- serve Corps of Unit September 28, 191 8. Detached March 8, 191 9, to Quartermaster Depot for reassignment. Address: 38 Galpin Street, Naugatuck, Conn. FLUEGEL, Paul H., Private. Medical Department, U.S. Army. As- signed to Unit, Fort Totten, May 11, 1917. Detached December 5, 1918. FOSTER, LeRoy B., Sergeant. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 35 Main Street, Fairhaven, Mass. FOWLER, Franklin W., Corporal. Enlisted with Unit May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 324 East 14th Street, North, Portland, Ore. FREELEY, Patrick J., Sergeant. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 19 1 7, in Camiers. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., September 17, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Returned with Unit. Address: 38 Calumet Street, Roxbury, Mass. FRENCH, George B., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Invalided to U.S. September 23, 1918. Address: New York City. FROST, Paul R., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Injuries at Vannes, March, 19 19. Transferred to Base Hospital, No. 136. Returned to U.S. as patient. Address: 19 Tuttle Street, Cliftondale, Mass. FUWA, Tyler, Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Transferred to Camp Surgeon's office, Camp Pontenezen, Brest, March, 1919. Address: Andover Road, Georgetown, Mass. GARVEY, John H., Jr., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Transferred to Entertainment Department, Base Section No. i, A.E.F., March 22, 19 19. Returned as casual July 20, 1919. Address: 25 Main Street, Woburn, Mass. io8 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 GERRARD, Parker M., Private, First Class. Joined Unit with re- inforcements July 30, 1917, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 6 Highland Street, East Gloucester, Mass. GETCHELL, Elmer R., private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1 91 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., September 8, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Returned with Unit. Address: 127 Monument Street, West Medford, Mass. GINGER, James A., Sergeant, First Class. Medical Department, U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit, Fort Totten, May ii, 1917. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., August 21, 1918, to Octo- ber, 191 8. Transferred to A.R.C. Hospital No. 9, Paris, for duty Oc- tober, 19 1 8. Address: % Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D.C. GLOVER, Gordon W., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Bos- ton, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 27 Mt. Vernon Street, Melrose, Mass. GOLDIE, Joseph, Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 30 Poplar Street, Boston, Mass. GOLDING, Richard R., Hospital Sergeant. Joined Unit with rein- forcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Transferred to Recruiting Serv- ice, Camp Pontenezen, Brest, March, 1919. Address: 41 Falmouth Street, Boston, Mass. GOULD, Forrest L., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 19 1 7. Transferred to Entertainment Department, Base Section No. I, March 22, 1919. Returned as casual July 20, 1919. Address: 240 AUston Street, Cambridge, Mass. GRAMMATIC, Frederick F., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 58 Goerck Street, New York City. GRAY, Freeman M., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: Middlesex Avenue, Reading, Mass. GRAY, William M., Private, First Class. Joined Unit with reinforce- ments July 30, 19 1 7, in Camiers, Returned with Unit. Address: 108 St. James Avenue, Boston, Mass. GREELEY, Raymond M., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No, 6, A.E.F., September 17, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Transferred to St. Aignan- Noyers for reassignment. Duty in Sanitary School January 16, 1919- Address: 350 South Spring Avenue, La Grange, 111. GREEN, Abraham, Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: 1459 154th Street, Brooklyn, N.Y. SECTION THREE — Left to Right Front Row: Clifford, Hagserty, King. R. M., Loughman, Welsh, Sekevitch Middle Row: Mahoney, French, Logan, Robertson, Croswell, Dudley, Robinson, C. P., Caron Back Row: Beatty, Burgess, ''Cinema," (Movie Operator). Bryant SECTION lOUR — Li.n to Right Front Row: McDonald, J. D., Garvey, Silva, Hatch, Clifford. P., Houlihan, Wood, Dunn Middle Row: Keating, Glover, Monroe, Rowlev, Carrier, Pinkerton, Donovan. E. H., Bierstadt, McGann JklcDonald R S. Back Row: Cay. Miner, Cain, Edwards, Oppenheim, Whitley ROSTER OF ENLISTED PERSONNEL 109 GREGORY, Frank, Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Detached for temporary duty with Surgical Operating Team at No. 22 Canadian CCS. and No. 51 CCS., B.E.F. Returned with Unit. Address: 46 Greenwood Street, Lawrence, Mass. HAGGERTY, Matthew A., Private, First Class. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 1917, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: Drew Road, Belmont, Mass. HALL, William, Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: 49 May wood Street, Roxbury, Mass. HAMMOND, Leigh H., Cook. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 17 Eden Avenue, West Newton, Mass. HARRINGTON, John J., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Demobilized in France. Address: 51 Bourne Street, Auburndale, Mass. HARWOOD, Wesley B., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., August 21, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Detached March 22, 191 9, to attend French University. Address: Malone, N.Y, HATCH, J. Philip, Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: 212 Highland Avenue, Somerville, Mass. HEIBERG, EiNAR, Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 94 Charter Street, Boston, Mass. HERSEY, Hanford R., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Bos- ton, May 7, 1917. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., August 21, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Returned with Unit. Address: 28 Lake Street, Lawrence, Mass. HIGGINS, William H., Jr., Corporal. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 736 North Montello Street, Montello, Mass. HOLMES, Oliver W., Private, First Class. Original volunteer: en- rolled with Unit. Enlisted, Boston, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., August 21, 1918, to January 7, 1 91 9. Transferred to Entertainment Department, Base Section No. i, March 22, 1919. Returned as casual July 20, 1919. Address: 5 Whitney Street, Roxbury, Mass. HOULIHAN, John S., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Bos- ton, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, no U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 A.E.F., August 21, 19 1 8, to January 7, 19 19. Transferred to Enter- tainment Department, Base Section No. i, March 22, 1919. Returned as casual July 20, 191 9. Address: 73 Gainsborough Street, Boston, Mass. HUGHES, Patrick P., Private. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 1 19 Brookline Street, Cambridge, Mass. HUNDLEY, Joseph H., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., Au- gust 21, 191 8, to January 7, 1919. Returned with Unit. Address: % Morris G. Perry, lOi Shawmut Avenue, Boston, Mass. HURXTHAL, Lewis M., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. INGRAM, William H., Jr., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Transferred to Entertainment Department, Base Section No. i, March 22, 1919. Returned as casual July 20, 1919. Address: 367 Harvard Street, Cambridge, Mass. IRVING, Walter J., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 19 1 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 50 Boston Street, Somerville, Mass. JACKSON, Herbert S., Corporal. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: Hardwick, Mass. JOHNSON, Albin C, Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 19 1 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 28 Maynard Street, Orange, Mass. KAYES, Chester B., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 32 West Elm Terrace, Brockton, Mass. KEATING, William H., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 19 17. Detached for temporary duty with Surgical Operating Team at No. 4 Canadian CCS. and No. 58 CCS., B.E.F. Returned with Unit. Address: Central Street, Palmer, Mass. KELLY, Matthew J., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Bos- ton, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: II2 Stewart Street, Fall River, Mass. KIMPTON, Irving L., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Bos- ton, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 1278 Salem Street, Maiden, Mass. ROSTER OF ENLISTED PERSONNEL 1 1 1 KING, Henry J., Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., September 17, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Returned with Unit. Address: 32 Boston Street, South Boston, Mass. KING, Ronald M., Sergeant, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Transferred as Private to A. P.M. Headquarters, Brest, March, 1919. Later promoted to Regimental Sergeant Major. Address: 79 Lincoln Street, Laconia, N.H. LANGDON, James D., Sergeant, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., September 9, 191 8, to October 12, 1918. Transferred to Medi- cal Detachment, 411th Tel. Battalion, S.C., October 12, 1918. De- mobilized in France to become Y.M.C.A. Secretary. Address: Y.M.C.A., Boston, Mass. LEATHER, Percy N., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Bos- ton, May 7, 191 7. Transferred to 246th Company, M.P.C., Brest, March, 19 19. Returned with M.P.C. Company September, 1919. Address: Ii2 Waite Street, Maiden, Mass. LEATHER, Seward S., Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 2155 Grant Street, Berkeley, Cal. LeMONT, Fred C, Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 47 Burrill Avenue, Lynn, Mass. LESHER, Stephen R., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Invalided to U.S., January 20, 1919. Address: Rye, N.Y. LIBBY, Roy T., Cook. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, r9i7- Re- turned with Unit. Address: 318 Maiden Street, Medford, Mass. LIVINGSTON, Byron F., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Transferred to office of Camp Surgeon, Camp Pontenezen, Brest, March, 1919. Address: 182 California Street, Newton, Mass. LOFBERG, Fred G., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 152 Grimay Street, Dorchester, Mass. LOGAN, Joseph A., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Returned with Unit. Elected Commander of Hyde Park Post, American Legion. Address: 59 Cottage Street, Hyde Park, Mass. LONG, Elwyn C, Mechanic. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Invalided to U.S. November 12, 1 91 8. Address: East Northfield, Mass. 112 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 LOUGHMAN, Thomas, Private, First Class. Joined Unit with rein- forcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 1 02 Washington Street, Brookline, Mass. LYDON, John J., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Invalided to U.S. March 11, 1918. Died at his home in Dorchester, Mass., September 23, 19 18. McCaffrey, Edward J., Sergeant. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., September 9, 19 18, to January 7, 191 9. Transferred to St. Aignan-Noyers for reassignment January 16, 1919. Address: 128 Magdula Street, Dorchester, Mass. McClelland, George Z., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 808 Shelby Street, Seattle, Wash. McDonald, John D., Corporal. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Detached for temporary duty with Surgical Operating Team at No. 46 C.C.S., B.E.F., November i, 1917, to December 6, 1917. Re- turned with Unit. Address: 18 Water Street, Hyde Park, Mass. McDonald, Robert S., Mechanic. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Demobilized in France. Returned as casual. Address: Montrose Avenue, Wakefield, Mass. McGANN, John J., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., September 17, 191 8, to January 7, 191 9. Transferred to Entertainment Department, Base Section No. i, March 22, 191 9. Returned as casual July 20, 1919. Address: 708 Parker Street, Roxbury, Mass. McGRATH, Harold L., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Bos- ton, May 7, 19 1 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 4 Grant Street, Cambridge, Mass. McLEOD, Aubrey S., Private, First Class. Joined Unit with reinforce- ments July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Wounded in hospital air raid Sep- tember 4, 191 7. Invalided to U.S. November i, 191 7. Address: 1 40 Theodore Parker Road, West Roxbury, Mass. McNEIL, Wilson R., Sergeant, First Class. Medical Department, U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit, Fort Totten, May 11, 191 7. Detached Sep- tember 24, 19 1 7. Address: % Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D.C. MacNICHOL, Kenneth H., Private. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Transferred to Editorial Staff of Stars and Stripes May 6, 191 8. Address: Provincetown, Mass. SECTION FIVE — Left to Right Front Row: Dowdell, Madison, Daniels, Bartlett, H. S., Fuwa, Jackson, Maxey, Morrill Second Row: Hughes, Richardson, Miller, Harrington, Higgin.s, Frost, Dugan, Goldie Third Row: Leather, S. S., Kelley, Grammatic, Abbe, Clifford, P., Hall Back Row: Heiberg. Chase. Campbell NIGHT MEN — Left to Right Front Row: Crowell, K. H., Thompson, Greeley, Rice, Irving, Couture, Mason Middle Row: McOwen, Holmes, Ingram. Gould, Ncwhall, K. Reed, Green Back Row: Hundley, Getchell, Le Mont. Fisher, Moll ROSTER OF ENLISTED PERSONNEL 113 McNIFF, John A., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 25 Rawlins Street, Salem, Mass. McOWEN, Joseph A., Private, First Class. Joined Unit with rein- forcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 260 Elliott Street, Newton Upper Falls, Mass. MADISON, Franklin, Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 19 1 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., August 21, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Invalided to U.S. February, 1919. Address: Danvers, Mass. MAHONEY, Henry F., Private, Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., August 21, 1918, to October, 19 18. Transferred to Reconstruction Department, A.E.F., October, 191 8. Address: Waverley, Mass. MASON, Allen, Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Wounded in hospital air raid September 4, 1917. Men- tioned in dispatches by Sir Douglas Haig, December 29, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: 9 Vine Avenue, Winthrop, Mass. MATTHEWS, Alexander, Private, First Class. Joined Unit with re- inforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 46 Moreland Street, Roxbury, Mass. MAXEY, George R., Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Invalided to U.S. October 13, 1918. Address: 718 South West Street, Wheaton, 111. MINER, Albert W., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., Sep- tember 9, 191 8, to January 7, 19 19. Returned with Unit. Address: 99 Grand Street, Somerville, Mass. MILLER, Simon B., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 74 Harvard Avenue, Allston, Mass. MOLL, Albert J., Private, First Class. Enlisted vnth Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 830 Somerville Avenue, Cambridge, Mass. MONROE, Sidney H., Private, First Class. Joined Unit with rein- forcements July 30, 19 1 8, in Camiers. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., September 9, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Re- turned with Unit. Address: 366 Market Street, Rockland, Mass. MONTGOMERY, Wilfred J., Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Detached July 27, 1918. Address: 19 Elder Street, Dorchester, Mass. 114 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 MORRILL, Douglas P., Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 52 Evelyn Street, Mattapan, Mass. MULVIHILL, John T., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Bos- ton, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 52 Plympton Street, Cambridge, Mass. NESS, Frank W., Private, First Class. Joined Unit with reinforce- ments July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 95 West Street, Braintree, Mass. NESTOR, Abner J., Sergeant. Attached for duty with Quartermaster Reserve Corps of Unit November 10, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 82 Foster Street, Worcester, Mass. NEWHALL, Howard D., Sergeant, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: Reading, Mass. NEWHALL, Karl, Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1 91 7. Returned with Unit. Address: Townsend Harbor, Maine. NICKERSON, William F., Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Deserted January 26, 19 19. OCHS, Frederic W., Cook. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1918. Returned with Unit. Address: 15 Paul Gore Street, Jamaica Plain, Mass. OEHMIG, Edwin, Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 63 J^ Ceylon Street, Dorchester, Mass. OPPENHEIM, Charles, Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., Sep- tember 17, 191 8, to January 7, 1919. Transferred to 246th Company, M.P.C., Brest, March, 1919. Address: 702 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass. OWEN, John, Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 1 1 Wellington Street, Boston, Mass. PAPPAS, Niklas S., Cook. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 4 Mt. Vernon Street, Peabody, Mass. PAUL, Wade H., Sergeant. Medical Department, U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit, Fort Totten, May 11, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: % Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D.C. PINKERTON, Henry R., Corporal. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 1 91 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 12 Blackwood Street, Boston, Mass. ROSTER OF ENLISTED PERSONNEL 115 PRINA, William, Private. Medical Department, U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit, Fort Totten, May 11, 1917. Detached June 10, 1918. Address: % Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D.C. PRISLEY, Frederick A., Cook. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: Hyde Park, Vt. PICKETT, Earle R., Sergeant. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., September 17, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Transferred to St. Aignan-Noyers for reassignment. Duty in Sanitary School Janu- ary 16, 1919. Address: 24 Andover Street, Georgetown, Mass. REED, Montgomery C, Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Bos- ton, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 41 Edgemont Road, Brookline, Mass. RICE, Foster W., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Invalided to U.S. December 21, 191 8. Address: 410 Winthrop Avenue, New Haven, Conn. RICHARDSON, John, Jr., Sergeant. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: 149 Columbia Avenue, Pawtucket, R.I. ROBB, Lyman E,, Private. Attached for duty with Quartermaster Re- serve Corps of Unit September 28, 1918. Detached March 8, 1919. Address: Houston, Texas. ROBERTSON, Glen A., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 3 Dayton Street, Dorchester, Mass. ROBINSON, Charles P., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 379 Lawrence Street, Lawrence, Mass. ROBINSON, Frederick, Jr., Sergeant, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: Abbott Street, Marblehead, Mass. ROCCHI, Frank, Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Detached October 12, 19 18. Address: Everett, Mass. ROWLEY, Arthur C, Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Bos- ton, May 7, 191 7. Detached March 22, 191 9, to attend French University. Address: Westville Center, N.Y. RUBINO, Rudolph, Jr., Private, First Class. Medical Department, U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit, Fort Totten, May ii, 191 7. Killed in hospital air raid September 4, 191 7. ii6 U.S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 RUSSELL, George W., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Detached February 28, 1918, for duty with Colonel Patterson in A.E.F. Subsequently commissioned as Second Lieutenant of Artillery in January, 191 9. Address: Summit Street, Roslindale, Mass. SALMON, Joseph J., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Invalided to U.S. October 26, 1918. Address: Copley Square Branch, Back Bay P.O., Boston. SEKEVITCH, John F., Private, First Class. Medical Department, U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit May 11, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: % Adjutant General's Office, Washington, D.C. SEWARD, Benjamin E., Private. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 1917, in Camiers. Transferred to Le Havre October 12, 1918. Address: 15 Feneno Terrace, Brookline, Mass. SHEA, James J., Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Transferred to Le Havre October 12, 191 8. Address: 32 Waterhouse Street, Somerville, Mass. SILVA, James E., Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., September 17, 1918, to September 25, 1918. Invalided to Base Hospital and reclassified. Sent as replacement to Medical Department, iioth Infantry, 28th Divi- sion. Wounded in Argonne Forest in October. Returned as patient February 22, 1919. Address: 38 Parker Street, Cambridge, Mass. SIMPSON, Albert E., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Bos- ton, May 7, 1 91 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 18 Sanborn Avenue, Somerville, Mass. SLOAN, Elmer C, Private, First Class. Medical Department, U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit, Fort Totten, May 11, 1917. Wounded in hospital air raid September 4, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: % I. A. Jarrett, Route No. 2, Alexandria, Ind. SMITH, Harold R., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 1 9 Wellington Road, Brookline, Mass. SPILLANE, Jeremiah J., Cook. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 529 East 6th Street, South Boston, Mass. STANION, John F., Private. Joined Unit with reinforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Wounded in hospital air raid September 4, 191 7. Detached May 21, 19 18. Address: 1455 Hyde Park Avenue, Hyde Park, Mass. STANLEY, Henry M., Master Hospital Sergeant. Medical Depart- ment, U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit, Fort Totten, May ii, 1917. Re- turned with Unit. Address: Huntington, W. Va. ROSTER OF ENLISTED PERSONNEL 117 STEFFENS, Frederic F., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: 137 Schenck Avenue, Brooklyn, N.Y. SULLIVAN, Thomas F., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 33 Ash Street, Cambridge, Mass. SULLIVAN, Walter H., Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Transferred to Q.M.C., G.H., A.E.F. Transferred to i8th In- fantry. Engaged Meuse-Argonne offensive. Died of wounds October 6, 191 8, at Villers Dancourt, Marne. TEAL, Raymond L., Private. Medical Department, U.S. Army. As- signed to Unit, Fort Totten, May 11, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: Villa Paullette, rue Napoleon, Wimereux, France. THOMPSON, Harold I., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 42 Peterboro Street, Boston, Mass. TOBEY, Warren H., Private. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Transferred to 14th Engineers June 24, 1918. Wounded in action and transferred to office of Chief Quartermaster, G.H.Q., A.E.F. Address: 46 Winter Street, Quincy, Mass. TUGO, Oscar C, Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Killed in hospital air raid September 4, 1917. URLASS, Arnold W., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 317 Lamartine Street, Jamaica Plain, Mass. VAVRA, Wenzel A,, Private. Attached to Quartermaster Reserve Corps of Unit September 28, 191 8. Detached March 8, 1919- Address: Cadott, Wis. WARD, Arthur S., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: 59 Sacramento Street, Cambridge, Mass. WELCH, Edward A., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1 91 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 23 Myrtle Street, Quincy, Mass. WHIDDEN, Charles D., Sergeant, First Class. Joined Unit with re- inforcements July 30, 191 7, in Camiers. Returned with Unit. Address: Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. WHITE, Oscar F., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 1917. Returned with Unit. Address: 55 Holmes Street, Dorchester, Mass. WHITLEY, William F., Sergeant, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 19 17. Demobilized in France. Address: 328 Columbia Street, Cambridge, Mass. 1 1 8 U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL No. 5 WILSON, Joseph A., Sergeant. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. Returned with Unit. Address: 52 Murray Hill Road, Roslindale, Mass. WOOD, George D., Private, First Class. Enlisted with Unit, Boston, May 7, 191 7. On detached service with Mobile Hospital No. 6, A.E.F., September 17, 1918, to January 7, 1919. Transferred to Entertainment Department, Base Section No. i, A.E.F., March 22, 1919. Returned as casual July 20, 191 9. Address: P.O. Box 504, Baltic, Conn. WOODS, Leslie G., Private, First Class. Medical Department, U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit, Fort Totten, May ii, 1917- Killed in hos- pital air raid September 4, 1 91 7. YOUNG, Ode H., Sergeant, First Class. Medical Department, U.S. Army. Assigned to Unit, Boulogne, November 18, 19 18. Returned with Unit. Address: Adjutant General's Department, Washington, D.C. Deacidified using the Bookkeeper pre Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide Treatment Date: (yj^v of Preservationlechnoloc A WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERV, 111 Ttiomson Park Drive Cranberry Township, PA 16066 i-iDnMHY Uf- UUNCiRESS mill 007 692 963 4