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ORIGINAL PAPERS 
 
 RELATING TO 
 
 THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON, 
 
 1780, 
 
 Mostly Selected from the papers of General Benjamin 
 
 Lincoln, in the Thomas Addis Emmet Collection, 
 
 Lenox Library, Hew York, and now 
 
 first published. 
 
 IFROM THE CITY YEAR BOOK FOR 1897.] 
 
 Press of 
 
 Walker, Evans & Cogswell Co. 
 
 charleston, s. c. 
 
ORIGINAL PAPERS Z^ 
 
 RELATING TO 
 
 THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON, 
 
 1780, 
 
 Mostly Selected from the papers of General Benjamin 
 
 Lincoln, in the Thomas Addis Emmet Collection, 
 
 Lenox Library, He^K^ York, and now 
 
 first published. 
 
 LFROM THE CITY YEAR BOOK FOR 1897.1 
 
 Press of 
 
 Walker, Evans & Cogswell Co. 
 
 charleston, s. c. 
 
 1898. 
 

 
THE SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. 
 
 1780. 
 
 One of the most remarkable as well as significant expres- 
 sions of public opinion in all parts of the United States since 
 "the late War between the States," has been the growth of 
 patriotic societies, having their genesis in the events of tlie 
 War of Independence. It is remarkal)le as following so soon 
 after the colossal struggle between the armed forces of the 
 Union and the Southern Confederacy, and signiticant of the 
 fact that deep down in the hearts of the people of all sections- 
 of our common country is the feeling of reverence and 
 respect for that common ancestry which, by united efforts, 
 sacrilices and sufferings, in the 1775-83 period, laid the 
 foundations of civil liberty and self-government in the West- 
 ern world. 
 
 For the current Year Book a number of interesting papers 
 have been secured, relating to the siege and capture of Charles- 
 Town in 1780. Most of these documents have ne^-er before 
 been in print, some being copies from MunselFs "Siege of 
 Charleston," a rare volume, (only 100 copies printed in Al- 
 bany, I*^. Y., in 1867) loaned by ex-Mayor C^ourtenay. The 
 original and now iirst printed papers, belonged to Genl. Bejij. 
 Lincoln, of Rhode Island, who was in command of the 
 American Army in South Carolina in 1780, and remained 
 in his family through a century of time, when they were sold 
 in Boston some years ago and purchased by Thos. Addis 
 Ennnet, M. D., of New York, whose chief annisement, in 
 the leisure hours of a long, active and distinguished professional 
 life, had been the collection of Americana. 
 
 In 1896, Mr. John S. Kennedy, a merchant of New York, 
 purchased from Dr. Emmet his extensive and splendid library 
 of autographic letters, public documents, rare portraits, battle 
 
scenes, etc., of the Colonial and Revolutionary period, 
 gathered during thirty odd years in the cities of Europe and 
 America, and presented it to the Lenox Library. 
 
 The j)rice paid was something less than $200,000.00, and 
 one of the conditions was that the collection should be kept 
 together and known as the "Emmet Collection" in the new 
 buiUling soon to be erected for the Astor, Lenox and Tilden 
 foundations. 
 
 In making use of a portion of these rare, costly and most 
 interesting papers, tlie Lincoln papers being only a small 
 portion of the whole Library, every reader should recall the 
 fact that to Thos. Addis Emmet, M. D., is due the high 
 honor of creating this magnificent historical collection. 
 Acknowledgments are due to the ''Directors of the New 
 York Public Library" for permission to photograph and copy 
 such papers as were desired, and also to Mr. Eames, the most 
 obliging Librarian, for his considerate assistance in promoting 
 the necessary work. 
 
 To insure accuracy in the transcrij^ts, made from the origi- 
 nal manuscrijits, this part of the work was intrusted to Mr. 
 Victor H. Paltsits, of the Lenox Library, whose exj^erience 
 and skill may be depended upon for the best results. 
 
 A¥ith this brief introduction some account of that imjiortant 
 event, the capitulation of Chai'les-Town, in May, 1780, and 
 the circumstances that led to it, will now l)e given. 
 
 The defeat of Sir Peter Parker's fleet l)y Col. Moultrie's 
 brave garrison on Sullivan's Island, 28th June, 1776, which 
 the historian Bancroft descril)ed as "the bright and the 
 morning star, which went before the Declaration of American 
 Independence," gave nearly four years release to Charles- 
 Town from the penalties of war. During that long period, 
 it was the depot for military supplies, and the safe base of 
 operations, for the patriot soldiers throughout the State. 
 
 The failure to wrest Savannah from British control in 
 October, 177i>, initiated a series of reverses to the American 
 arms in the Southern Department, of which the loss of Charles- 
 
5 
 
 Town was tlie most disastrous, and so it was that the cause 
 of Independence was kept ahve for three years in South 
 CaroHna by Marion, Sumter, Pickens and other irrepressible 
 partisan leaders v/lio, as a matter of fact, with their undaunted 
 followers, practically kept up their active resistance without 
 a government, and without pay. 
 
 Sir Henry Clinton, Commander in Chief of the British 
 Army in North America, with headquarters in New York, 
 having positive intelligence that D'Estang's fleet, which had 
 co-operated in the attack on Savannah, had left the coast of 
 C'arolina for the AVest Indies, gathered a large fleet of 140 
 transports, conveying a large land force, supplied with every 
 material for a siege, and covoyed by a heavy naval armament, 
 under Admiral Arbutlmot, and sailed from New York 24th 
 December, 1779. 
 
 The following ships of war accompanied the expedition: 
 Kussell and Robuste, each 74 guns; Europe, I)eiianc(^ and 
 Raisonable, each 64 guns; Renown, 50 guns; Roebuck and 
 Romulus, each 44 guns; and other smaller armed vessels. 
 
 Early in February the troop ships entered North Edisto, and 
 the investing army and material were landed on John's Island, 
 Several ships blockading the entrance to Charleston Harbor. 
 
 The British Army and its supplies were moved leisurely 
 over the Stouo River and Wappoo Cut to the west l)ank of 
 the Ashley Ferry, and moved down the Peninsular between 
 the Cooper and Ashley Rivers, having crossed the latter river 
 unopposed. 
 
 It seems not to have occurred to any one that the east shore 
 of Ashley River was a better line of defence than the line 
 actually occupied, about where Vanderhorst and Charlotte 
 Streets are now located. 
 
 Brig. -Gen. Benj lincoln, of Rhode Island, was at this 
 time in connnand at Charles Town. A contemporary record 
 says: "His power as a mighty commander was too limited, 
 "and his inuttejice with the Cloverument of the State too 
 "weak, to draw forth even the means it possessed, in time 
 
6 
 
 "for its protection. Tlie representations made to the Gov- 
 "ernnient bj Gen. Lincoln were not disregarded, but the 
 "Executive found it impracticable to obtain labor for these 
 "interesting objects " 
 
 A fair estimate of the forces engaged, puts the British 
 Army at 11,000, with a very full equipment in all depart- 
 ments. 
 
 The American forces, including the County Militia, and 
 all the sailors from the vessels in the harbour, did not probably 
 exceed 5,000. 
 
 Preparations for the investment of the Town having been 
 com])leted, the first labors of the siege were begun on the 1st 
 of April, and the first parallel commenced eight hundred 
 yards from the American lines. 
 
 Early in March, 49 sail of large ships with provisions from 
 Cork, Ireland, convoyed by the Richmond and Raleigh, each 
 32 guns, arrived and landed their cargoes into depots pre- 
 pared for their reception. 
 
 On the 7th April, 13 British war vessels, favored by a 
 heavy rainstorm at high water, which mostly obscured them 
 from view, passed the forts without serious injury. Four 
 frigates, a French armed ship, and several smaller vessels 
 formed the naval armament for the harbor defence of the 
 Town when invested. They were under the command of 
 Commodore Whipple, of lihode Island. After tlie entrance 
 of the British fleet^ these vessels were moved up to the Town, 
 and "two of them were sunk in the mouth of Cooper liiver 
 to prevent the enemy from entering that channel." 
 
 "As consideratle time had elapsed since the first appearance 
 of the enemy the defences of the Town on the land side had 
 been made <piite effective; and although not in a condition 
 to resist a regular siege, were of very respectable strength." 
 
 On the 9th of April the enemy's first parallel, extending 
 across the neck was completed, and guns mounted in Battery. 
 
 As the object of this publication is not to give details of 
 the military operations, but rather to publish a selection of 
 
the chief papers relating to the capitulation, some interesting 
 correspondence, which passed between prominent officials of 
 the respective commands, is now" presented. 
 
 It is worthy of remark, however, that the received opinion 
 in historical circles has been, and now is, that the letters from 
 the British headquarters were prepared by Major John Andre, 
 who was subsequently concerned with General Benedict 
 Arnold in the treachery proposed for the seizure of West 
 Point by the British, and who was captured and executed a^ 
 a spy by General Washington's approval of the finding of 
 the Court Martial which tried him. 
 
 WHIPPLE TO LINCOLN. 
 
 On Board the Friot. Providence, 
 Jany. 22d, 1780. 
 
 Dear Genl. — I send a immber of Prisoners taken in Brig- 
 antine Lady Crossby from New York bound to Savannah, for 
 further jjarticulars Col. Laurens will inform you. — 
 
 Prisoners Vizt. 
 
 Phillip Saward, commandr. of the Brig. 
 
 Boyle Aldworth, Ensg. 46th British regt. 
 
 Joshua Hamilton, Storekeeper to the New Levies. 
 
 Thomas Crone, Passenger. 
 
 f John Porter, Passenger. 
 
 fWilliam Dodge, Passenger. 
 
 f John Monie, Carpenter. 
 
 f Hustons, Seaman, 
 
 C Charles Winman, do. ] 
 
 ! Michael Barry, do. retained on board 
 
 ] John Wright, boy. 1 of the Commodore. 
 
 Peter Bush, Negro retained on board. J 
 
fSteplien Williams, Col. Tlobinsons regt. new levies. 
 fJordau Norris, do. 
 
 fAliaslmelit Herwilliger, do, 
 
 f Thomas Domiison, do. 
 
 fSjlvenns Cronk, do. 
 
 After congratulations am dear Genl, 
 your most Obedient 
 
 and very huml. 
 Servt. — 
 
 ABKAHAM WHIPPLE. 
 M. Gl. LINCOLN. 
 
 [Endorsed:] 
 
 Commodore WHIPPLE. 
 
 Jany. 22, 1780. 
 
 (Note. — This relates to a vessel fi'om Clinton's expedition becoming 
 separated in a storm and captured.) 
 
 PATERSON TO HUGER. 
 
 March 24th, 17S0. 
 
 Sir — The unmilitary and irregular manner in which your 
 flag of truce, has presumed to approach His Majestys Army, 
 has put me under the disagreeable necessity, of detaining the 
 persons who bore it, until my duty permits me to release 
 them, and they have very narrowly escaped, theiljeing cut to 
 pieces, by the picketts of the line. 
 
 Your request, Sir is unprecedented, and out of every usage 
 and "custom of war; Nothing, but the danger or health of a 
 prisoner of war, C(^ud any way authorise such a request; I 
 am indispensably ol)liged, to refuse it; Had the Humanity of 
 British Arms, not exceeded the justice? You woud have had 
 no prisoners to have looked for. 
 
 I. PATERSON, 
 
 £riy. Genl. 
 Brigadr. G. HUGER. 
 
9 
 
 26th. 
 P. S. two persons, not specitied in your letter, have pre- 
 sumed (in violation of all martial law, and custom) without 
 permission, to attend the flag of truce, which persons I am 
 indispensably obliged to retain as prisoners of war. 
 
 I. PATERSON, 
 
 B. G. 
 B. G. HUGER. 
 
 [No endorsement visible.] 
 
 A COUNCIL OF WAR. 
 
 Charlestown, March 27th, 17S0. 
 
 Council of War held at Charles-Town & consisting of the 
 following members. 
 Major Genl. Lincoln. 
 
 / Moultrie, No. 
 Brigr. General ] IVIcIntosh, No. 
 
 ( IIf>gun, No. 
 Col. Parker, Yes. Lt. Cols. Grimke, No. 
 
 Col. Malmedy, No. Lytle, No. 
 
 Col. Beekman, No. Huger, No. 
 
 Col. Heth, No. Mebane, No. 
 
 Col. Simons, No. Hopkins, Yes. 
 
 {\A. Laumoy, No. Henderson, No. 
 
 (Jul. Skirving, No. Smith, No. 
 
 Col. Clark, No. 
 Col. Garden, No. 
 Col. Marqs. de Bretigny, Yes. 
 Col. Shepherd, No. 
 
 The General laid before the Council the state of fort Moul- 
 trie and rerpiested their opinion whether it was advisable under 
 the present state of that fort & of the town now to evacuate 
 
10 
 
 the fort to wliicli they answered by yeas & nays as marked 
 above.- — 
 
 Passed in the Negative. 
 
 The General then requested the opinion of the Council 
 whether the Garrison ought to be reinforced from this town. 
 
 Passed in the Negative. 
 
 COUNCILS OF WAR. 
 
 General Lincoln having laid before the Council a Letter from 
 Genl. Clinton, this Morning summoning the town to surrender, 
 a general state of our supplies from the Commissary's returns, 
 & such provisions as remained belonging to the Frigates, — a 
 return of the strength of the Garrison from the Dy. Adjt. 
 Genl. and a Letter from Governor Rutledge stating the suc- 
 cours we might expect — He requested the Council would well 
 consider which was the best line of Conduct to be pursued 
 in the present posture of affairs, and give their opinion thereon. 
 
 Some time having l)een spent on that matter, the Council 
 adjourned for an Hour. 
 
 The Council having met again in the Hour Work, the 
 following question was proposed. 
 
 Whether a further Opposition ought to be made under our 
 present circumstances or Terms of C-apitulation proposed ? 
 
 Which Question was answered by the Officers as marked. — 
 
 RUTLEDGE TO LINCOLN. 
 
 April 7th, 1780. 
 
 Dr: Sir — Reflecting on the insulting manner, in which 
 the Enemy's Gallics have fired, M'ith Impunity, on the town, 
 I was led to consider, & I submit to your better Judgment, 
 whether a Surprise of those Gallies, & of the two Batteries 
 
11 
 
 near Wappoo, miglit not be attempted, by a Body of resolute 
 Seamen, & tried veteran Troops, witli great prol)ability of 
 sucess ? — The Troops miglit be landed, by Boats, in a Creek 
 on Ashley River, about half a Mile to the Northward of the 
 two Gun Battery — The Gallies do not appear to be well 
 man'd, & I believe have no Idea of being boarded — If the 
 Land & Naval forces could cooperate, (on a Signal to be 
 ilxed on,) the Enterprise might be more easily effected, &, 
 if the Batteries were taken, the Gallies would be unsupported 
 by them — Tlie Consequences of this Measure, successful, wd. 
 be great — It would much disconcert the Enemy, deprive 
 them of their Communication, by Wappoo-Creek, with 
 Ashley-River, & of their Command of that River, & give 
 us that Command, which, their Gallies, added to our own, 
 & in Conjunction with our Batteries, might perlia])s pre 
 serve — 
 
 I proposed conversing with you, this ]\Iorning, on this 
 Matter, but, seeing you engaged with Colo. Pinckney, wd. 
 not interrupt you — 
 
 If you think the Object worthy of Consideration, you may 
 have, from Mr. William Harvey, any Infoi'niatit»n y<^u desire, 
 respecting the Grt>und — 
 I am 
 
 Dr: Sir 
 
 Yr. most obed: Servt. 
 
 J. RLTTLEDGE. 
 Genl. LINCOLN. 
 
 [Endorsed by Gen. Lincoln:] 
 "Genl. Rutledge. 
 Apl. 7th, 1780." 
 
 At a Council of General & Field Officers held in the Gar- 
 rison of Charles Town, May Sth, 1780. 
 Present Major General Lincoln. 
 
 Moultrie Terms. 
 
 Mcintosh Terms. 
 
Brio-adiers Genl. 
 
 Colonels. 
 
 Lieut. Colonels. 
 
 12 
 
 Woodford Terms. 
 
 Scott Terms. 
 
 Du Portail. . . .Terms. 
 Hogun Terms. 
 
 Pinckney Opposition. 
 
 Russel Terms. 
 
 Gist Terms. 
 
 Clark Terms. 
 
 L'anmoy Terms, 
 
 Patten Terms. 
 
 Neville Terms. 
 
 Heth Terms. 
 
 Beekman Opposition. 
 
 Henderson Opposition. 
 
 Mebane Terms. 
 
 Lytle Terms. 
 
 Laurens Opposition. 
 
 Harney Terms. 
 
 Ball Terms. 
 
 Wallace Terms. 
 
 Caml)ray Terms. 
 
 Ho])kins Opposition. 
 
 Ternant Terms. 
 
 Cahell Terms. 
 
 Neville Terms. 
 
 Clark Absent. 
 
 GrindvC Terms. 
 
 Clarkson Opposition. 
 
 Hoffff Terms. 
 
 Anderson Opposition. 
 
 De Bralim Terms. 
 
 Stephenson. . . .Absent. 
 
Captains of tlie 
 Contl. Frigates. 
 
 13 
 
 Majors. Croghan Terms. 
 
 Habersham. . . .Terms. 
 
 l^elson Terms. 
 
 Waggoner Terms. 
 
 Harleston Absent. 
 
 Mitcbel Terms. 
 
 Pelham Terms. 
 
 Lewis Terms. 
 
 Hacker Opposition. 
 
 Ratliburn Opposition. 
 
 Tncker Opposition. 
 
 Simpson Opposition. 
 
 Whipple Absent. 
 
 Simons Terms. 
 
 McDonald Terms. 
 
 Skirving Terms. 
 
 Garden Terms. 
 
 Tinning Terms. 
 
 Smith Terms. 
 
 Huger Terms. 
 
 Grimball Terms. 
 
 Monltrie Terms. 
 
 Baddley Terms. 
 
 Majors of Postell Terms. 
 
 Militia. Barnwell Terms. 
 
 James Terms. 
 
 Lyle Terms. 
 
 Swinton Terms, 
 
 Harris Terms. 
 
 Taylor Terms. 
 
 Colonels of 
 Militia. 
 
 Lieut. Colonels 
 of Militia. 
 
14 
 
 Tliese transcripts are made from the maiuiseripts now pre- 
 served in the New York Pubhc Library (Lenox Bnilding), 
 and form a part of the collction of Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet, 
 which was presented to the said Library by John S. Ken- 
 nedy, Esq., in 1896. The following papers are bound in a 
 folio volume, extra-illustrated by the insertion of appropriate 
 portraits, maps and views, and for which a special title-page 
 was printed, which reads as follows: 
 
 "A Letter from Gen. Benjamin Lincoln to Gen. Washing- 
 ton giving an account of the Siege of Charleston, S. C. 
 From Gen. Lincoln's Papers. Thomas Addis Emmet, M. D. 
 
 New York 1890." 
 
 A half-title reads: 
 
 "Copy of a Letter from Gen Lincoln to Gen. Washington, 
 giving an account of the Siege of Charleston, with other 
 documents, all of which were from the Lincoln papers." 
 
 VICTOK LI. PALTSrrS, 
 . Lenox Lihrary Building. 
 
 LINCOLN TO WASHINGTON. 
 
 (private copy.) 
 
 HiNGHAM, July 17, 1780. 
 Could a consciousness of having the fullest intentions to 
 serve my Country, and a sincere attempt to have executed 
 such intentions have so availed me as to have discharged ye 
 debt of re8ponsil)ility to ye Public for my conduct while their 
 servant, and especially to you, my dear Genl. as my com- 
 mandg Officer, I should have saved you the trouble of this 
 long epistle — But, as it cannot, — I do, with the greatest 
 cheerfulness, give yr. Excy the followg short state of matters 
 wt. regard to Chas. Town, which will, in some measure point 
 you to ye causes of ye loss of that place, and to ye line of 
 conduct pursued by me as Senior Officer, before, and at the 
 time of it's surrender — 
 
15 
 
 Some questions on this Subject will, I think, naturally arise 
 in yr Exc'ys inind — and, in order that I may write more 
 intelligibly, I shall suppose, and endeavor to answer such 
 as follows — 
 
 first. — Why the defence of Chas. Town was undertaken — 
 
 Though I pretend not to plead an express order of Con- 
 gress directing ye defence of Chas. Town — yet must observe 
 that the followin[g] Acts of theirs it [sic'] conveyed an idea 
 to me that it was their intentions that the measure should 
 be adopted, and that it was right in itself — circumstanced as 
 we were. 
 
 As early as Jany. 1, 1776, when Congress were informed 
 that an attack was intended upon Chas. Town, they 
 immedly recommended that a vigorous defence should be 
 made. 
 
 In ye beginning of ye year 1779, when Congress were 
 informed that ye subjugation of So. Carolina was an object 
 which claimed the enemy's attention — they sent Lt. CoPl 
 Caml)ray, an Engineer, to So. Carolina for the express pur- 
 pose of fortifying ye town of Chas. Town (in which business 
 he was employed until it's surrender.) 
 
 On ye 10 of Novenn-. following, when ye enemy's designs 
 no longer remained a doubt, they, (Congress) ordered three of 
 ye Continl. frigates to Chas. Town, for ye defence of it's 
 harbour — And, on my frequent representations to yem. that 
 succours were necessary for defending ye town, they ordered 
 them accordingly — and at no time intimated to me that my 
 ideas of attempting ye defence of it were imj)roper — 
 
 That ye measure was right in itself, circumstanced as we 
 were, will I hope appear, when it is considered that Chas. 
 Town is the only mart in So. Carolina, and ye magazine of 
 the State — That it's natural strength promised a longer delay 
 to ye enemy's operations than any other port in the Country — 
 
 In abandoning it we must have given up the Continl. 
 ships of war, and all our stores, while there was yet a prospect 
 of succour — for the harbour had been blocked up by a 
 
16 
 
 siipericjur iiaval force, previous to the debarkation of tlie 
 Troopg — '^llie stores could not liave been removed by water, 
 and ye Waggons we had, or conld have procured, would have 
 been unequal to ye transportation of our baggage, and our 
 field-artillery — The place, abandoned, would have been garri- 
 soned by an inconsiderable force, while the enemy's army 
 would have operated unchecked by our handful of troops, 
 unal)le to oppose them in ye field, or impede their progress 
 through the country — and, had our expected succours arrived, 
 we could only have ultimately submitted to ye inconveniences 
 of an evacuation without our stores, when further opjjosition 
 no longer availed. 
 
 Secondly — ^AVhy the army, stores, &ca. were not brought 
 oft', when it appeared that the post could no longer be main- 
 tained — 
 
 The expectation that our succours, when arrived, would so 
 cover our right as to render an evacuation practicable, when 
 it should become expedient, had been an argument in leading 
 us to attempt a defence — That we had every reason to ex]:)ect 
 these succours, is apparent from ye assurances I reed from ye 
 State of So. Carolina that tliey would call down 2U00 of their 
 MiKtia. 
 
 — That the Governor of Xorth Carolina would send on the 
 remainder of the draughts made the last fall, amounting to 
 1500 — that he would order to endjody and march, when called 
 for 2000 more (They were called for) — and that he would 
 permit Geid. Rutherford to march with all the Volunteers he 
 could collect — of these I was encouraged to expect 500 — 
 Besides, His Excy gave me reason to expect that, as soon 
 asye Assend)ly should meet, further aid would be given — This 
 will appear by extracts of his letters to me of ye 16 of ~ Feljy 
 last — 
 
 "I have been honored with your favors of ye 15th of 
 "Decemr., 3rd, 8th, 24tli, 29th, and 31st. ultimo— I certainly 
 "should have done myself ye pleasure of answering them long 
 ''before this, if I had not waited in full expectation of ye 
 
17 
 
 " Assemblj'.s meeting, and taking tlieni under consideration — 
 "My liopes and expectations in that particular have been 
 "baffled, a sufficient number of members to constitute th'e Genl. 
 "Assembly have not appeared, though appointed to meet on 
 "ye 25th ultimo, and those who have met are now about to 
 "disperse, and leave the important matters for the next Genl, 
 ' ' Assendjly to take up — - 
 
 "A Genl. election will take place on the 1(> of March, and 
 ■ ' I shall convene the members as soon after as possible — 
 
 "In the mean time I have issued orders to assemble 2000 
 "militia on ye borders of So. Carolina, to ye westward of P. 
 "D., when they will be ready to march to your assistance, if 
 "necessary, or be employed in tlis State as exigencies require. ' ' 
 
 "I have written to Genl. Rutherford to give you every 
 "assistance in his power, and not wait further orders from me 
 "to march himself, if need be, with such Yolnnteers as can 
 ' ' suddeidy be collected. ' ' 
 
 ' ' I have in the most earnest, and pointed terms, written to 
 "the Brigadiers in ye several Districts in ye State to order 
 "on every man of the late draughts — -and I Hatter myself the 
 "present alarming accounts of ye arrival of the British troops 
 "to the So. ward, will stimulate them and other Officers to an 
 "innnediate discharge of the duties of their respective stations, 
 "by which means we may hope to get the nmnber voted by 
 "the State into ye tield.'" 
 
 The remainder of Genl. Scott's Brigade was ordered on, 
 which amounted to about 400 — and the Virginia State-troops 
 about 500 more — Genl. Ilogun's Brigade, The Virginia 
 Line, and Colonel Washington's Horse, amounting, as returned 
 by Congress to me, in the whole to 3000 and odd. — 
 
 Thus you see that the whole succours ordered were 9,900 
 Men of this number we reed into Garrison — 
 2 
 
18 
 
 Of So. Carolina Militia 300 
 
 No. Carolina Militia 3t M) 
 
 General ITogun's Brigade GOO 
 
 The Virginia Line from ye Army 750 1350 
 
 1950 
 
 The greatest part of the i emainder we expected would soon 
 arrive — but, in that, we were disappointed — On these Orders 
 and assurances were our hopes of succours founded — 
 
 To facilitate their arrival, and to aid in ]>rocuring supplies 
 for them, and ye (Tarrison, His Excellency Governor Ilutle<]ge 
 was persuaded to leave the Town about the 12th of A])ril, 
 and take post in ye Country between the Cooper and Santee — 
 That we might derive the best services from these troops, a 
 work was ordered to be thrown up at Caintoy, a strong 
 command'g ground on ye Wando, nine miles from town, 
 which was intended to be a Deposite of our Stores — anotlier 
 was directed, and partly thrown up at ye point of Lempriere's 
 to keep open ye communication wh. ye Town by boats — as 
 no armed Vessels, if they should pass our Obstructions in ye 
 River, could lay l)etween ye Works of the Town, and those 
 on ye point — a ]>ost was also ordered at Lenerd's ferry over 
 the Santee, to collect, and secure the boats, necessary, wh. 
 dispatch, to cross our expected succours, and, wh. facility, 
 to effect a retreat, should that become necessary — 
 
 On ye 16 of April, I was informed that our Horse (which 
 had been posted near Monk's Corner for the pnrpose of cover- 
 ing that part of ye Country, and our succours, who were 
 marching in detachmt.) had been surprised, many of them 
 taken, and the remainder dispersed — And that the enemy had 
 fallen down on ye Peninsula between the Cooper and ye 
 Santee, with their Horse, about 250, and about 000 infantrj^ — 
 Previous to this unhappy event, and while we were expecting 
 such ample succours, I leave your Excellency to Judge 
 whether we could have retreated with honor — and, whether, 
 
19 
 
 liereby, tlie moment of doing it with a probability of success 
 was not lost, or, at least, that it could not then be attempted 
 with propriety — I beg to offer your Excy ye opinion of a 
 Council of Officers on this head — 
 
 At a Council of Officers held in Garrison C'has. Town 20th 
 and 21st of April 1780. 
 
 Present Major Genl. Lincoln. 
 
 Brigadiers Moultrie, Mcintosh, Woodford, Scott, and 
 Ilogun. Colonels, Lau Moy, Engineer, Beekman, Artilly, 
 and Simons, Commandr. C. T. Militia. 
 
 Genl. Lincoln laid before the Council the strength of the 
 Garrison — the state of the provisions — the situation of ye 
 enemy — the information he had reed relative to reinforce- 
 ments — and the state of the oljstructions, which had been 
 tlirown into the river, between the Excliange and Shute's 
 folly — He requested the opinion of the Council what measures 
 the interest and safety of ye country calls us to pursue under 
 our present circumstances — They advised, as a i-etreat would 
 be attended with many distressing inconveniences, if not ren- 
 dered altogetlier impracticable from ye under-mentioned 
 causes — Viz — tirist The Civil Authority were [6'/6'] utterly 
 averse to it, and intimated in Councils, if it was attempted, 
 they would counteract ye measure — 
 
 Second — It was to be performed, under this apprehension, 
 in face of an enemy much superior to us, across a river three 
 miles broad, in large Ships and vessels, ye moving of which 
 must be regulated by ye wind and tide — 
 
 Third — Could these Obstacles be surmounted,' and ye troops 
 transported, we must force oui- way through a very consider- 
 able Body of ye enemy, who were in full jDOSsession of ye 
 passes, on our route to ye San tee, ye only road by wh. we 
 can retreat — 
 
 Fourth. Supposing us arrived at that river, New and 
 dangerous difficulties are again to be encountered from the 
 want of boats to cross it with an Army wasted and worn down 
 by action, fatigue, and famine — and closely pursued, as we 
 
20 
 
 must be by tbe enemy's Horse and infantry, who from ye 
 delay we must inevital)ly meet, might he detached enough 
 from the lines to reach us.) 
 
 That Oilers of capitulation before our aifairs become more 
 critical should be made to Genl. Clinton, wdiich would admit 
 of ye army withdrawing, and afford security to ye persons and 
 property of ye inhabitants. 
 
 Signed WM. MOULTEIE. LAUMOY. 
 
 LAUCHK. McINTOSII. P>. BEEKMAN. 
 
 WM. WOODFORD. M. SIMONS. 
 
 CHAS. SCOTT. JAMES HOGUN. 
 
 The terms proposed in conserpience thereof were rejected — 
 We did not think proper at that time to recede from them, 
 as there was a hope left that succours might arrive, open our 
 communication, and give us an opportunity of retreating — 
 
 And as iinally we should be in no worse situation, when we 
 had delayed ye enemy as long as possible, which was an 
 ol>ject worthy our attention, as it would give ye people in ye 
 neighliouring States an op]iy to rouse and embody. 
 
 And as delaying ye operations of the enemy soward would 
 afford the Northern States time to till uj) their Battalions and 
 be prepared for future service — 
 
 About ye 19 of Apl. ye reinforcemt. f rom N. York arrived, 
 which enabled the enemy to strengthen with that force ye 
 Troops on ye peninsula, and to take post on Haddrell's point, 
 which ol)liged us to abandon Lempriere's — The better to 
 eifect a remove, should an opportunity offer, two twenty gun 
 ships were kept mantled, and all ye other boats and vessels 
 in readiness to move at ye shortest notice — 
 
 The propriety of attempting a retreat came again before a 
 Council of Officers on ye 26 of April — 
 
 Present with me. 
 
 Brigadiers Moultrie, Mcintosh, Woodford, Scott, Dupor- 
 tail, Hogun — Colonel Simons, and Capt. Whipple. 
 
 I proposed to ye Council "whether, in their opinion the 
 
21 
 
 evacuation of the Garrison was an expedient and practicable 
 measure. 
 
 "Tlie Council were unanimously of oj)inion tliat it was not 
 expedient as l)eing impracticable" — This was signed by ye 
 Gentn. above named — 
 
 No oppy, more favorable, offered before ye Capitulation — 
 for Lord Cornwallis posted himself (after garrisoning Ilad- 
 dreirs and Lempriere's) in St. John's parish — his right to- 
 wards ye Cooper, and his left towards ye Wando — His force 
 from ye best information I could obtain exceeded two thousand 
 men, besides the Light-Horse — 
 
 Under these circumstances and the high assurances made 
 me that I should be succoured, and reinforced, no person, 
 will, I am persuaded, (as I said before) suppose that the Town 
 could, wh. propriety, have been abandoned previous to ye 16 
 of April, when I reed information that our Horse had been 
 routed, and that ye enemy had taken post betw^een ye Santee 
 and the Cooper — and subserpient to that period, many were 
 the difficulties which intervened, and would have attended an 
 atteni])t to retreat — The enemy's approaches had been brought 
 within three hundred yards _ of our lines — The troops must 
 have embarked, and have crossed the Cooper, in full view of 
 ye enemy, on board large Shij^s and Vessels, I'egulated 
 altogether by the Wind and Tide. — They must have landed 
 at Lempriere's point, or up the Wando — from either of which 
 places they had forty miles only to march, before they reached 
 ye Santee, a large navigable river, between which and ye 
 place of del)arkation, lay the enemy — in whose power it was 
 to break down ye bridges, and encumber ye roads, and to 
 destroy ye boats at the ferries, which would have effectually 
 prevented our crossing ye river, and delayed us until ye 
 enemy, from the lines, had reached the Santee, which they 
 would have been able to do nearly as soon as we could, by 
 following us in their boats, and landing at Scott's ferry — 
 or, had they marched by land, and crossed the Cooper above, 
 (the means of which were in their power) they would have 
 
22 
 
 had but fourteen miles farther to march than we should — had 
 we been so fortunate as to find boats, where we wished 
 them — viz, Lynche's and Lenerd's ferries — but should we 
 have been reduced, from the want of boats, to follow the 
 river farther up, we must have marched across ye enemy's 
 line — Besides these obstacles, almost insuperable in themselves, 
 we had a movement to effect, which required ye utmost secresy 
 [sic], in opposition to ye opinion and %vislies of the Civil 
 aul hority — 
 
 Thirdly. Whether the necessary supplies of provisions 
 were in time ordered, and why the defence of the Town was 
 undertaken with so small a quantity in it — 
 
 In the latter end of July last, at the close of ye campaign, 
 I made an estimate of the supplies, which would proljably be 
 wanted for the next, estimating our force at six thousand men, 
 and gave orders to the several departments accordingly. 
 
 As from the warmth of the southern Climate, it has l^een 
 found difficult to cure and preserve salted provisions — and as 
 article of salt was not at all times to be obtained, in sufficient 
 quantities, our dependence for meat has generally been on 
 fresh beef, with which, the greatest part of the year, the 
 country abounds; — which, while the Country was open to us, 
 could always be procured, and, by which, the Army was with 
 more ease supplied — 
 
 I was induced to order, in the first place, two thousand 
 barrels of beef, and the same quantity of jjork, only, to be 
 put up — but, on the failure of ye expedition against Savannah, 
 the Commissary received orders to increase the rpiantity to 
 five thousand barrels of each — The Country did not afford us 
 flour — ])ut rice in plenty — 
 
 As my })apers, containing my orders on this head, are not 
 here, I beg to recite an extract of a letter from Mr. Rutledge, 
 the Commy of Purchases, being in pohit — 
 
 "The latter end of July, when you did me the honor of 
 "appointing me to the Office of purchasing Commissary, you 
 "sent me an indent of such provisions as would be necessary. 
 
23 
 
 "for the ensiiingCainpaign-- Among other articles two thousand 
 "barrels of beef, and as many of pork — After the repnlse at 
 "Savannah, in conscqnenee of a letter yon wrote to the Gov- 
 "ernor, I was desired to provide in addition to your order 
 "three thousand barrels of beef, and the same number of 
 "pork''— 
 
 While our right flank was kept open, and our communica- 
 tion with the country preserved, ample supplies of provisions 
 could l)e daily thrown into tlie Garrisons — Tliat our connnu- 
 nication would be maintained, we had the highest expecta- 
 tions — and from this we were induced to attemt [sic] a defence 
 of the Town, so that, when it was found there was in Gar- 
 rison a sufiiciency of provisions to supply the Troops, while 
 they could maintain the post against ye regular approaches of 
 the l)esieging army, an evacuation, founded on ye shortness 
 of our supplies, could not have been justilied^ — 
 
 Fourthly — -AVhether the state of the Department was from 
 time to time represented to Congress, and the necessary 
 succours called for. 
 
 To evidence that every attention was paid to this matter, 
 would be easy for me, if I could lay l)ef(tre Your Excellency 
 all my letters to C'Ongress, the States of So. and No. Car- 
 olina — but to examine them 7ioiv would engross too much of 
 your time — ^I therefore shall transcribe one of them only — 
 and that to the Committee of Congress, and remind you of 
 the many, the receipts of which, have been acknowledged by 
 His Excellency Governor Caswell, and the measures he pursued 
 in consecpience of them; and that Colonel John Laurens, and 
 Major Clarkson waited on Congress at my request, and stated 
 to them, viva voce, our weak and defenceless state, and 
 solicited the necessary aid — 
 
 Chaelestown, So. Carolina, Oct. 27, ITT'J. 
 To the honhle Coinmittee of Correspondence: 
 
 Gentlemen — I did myself the honor to address you on the 
 22d by Major Clarkson — 1 gladly emlu-ace this opportunity l)y 
 Colo' Laurens, who is kind enough to repair to Philadelphia 
 
24 
 
 and to Genl. Washingtons Hd Qrs to represent tlie particular 
 and distressed situation of tliese southern States, to solicit 
 further reinforcements and to aid in forwarding such as shall 
 be ordered — That a respectable body of disciplined troops are 
 necessary here and j^robably will be more so is to [sic^ evident 
 to be questioned if we mean to secure these States. When 
 we consider the advantages that would result to Britain on her 
 possessing them and the disadvantages to the United States, 
 her policy must to her the necessity and importance of sub- 
 jugating them; for hereby she will secure their trade in 
 general; a supply of lumber and provisions for the West 
 India Islands for the want of which they now labour many 
 eml)aras[s]ments; hereby she will secure to herself many 
 valuable harbours on the shores of the Continent contiguous 
 to lier Islands where she can secure her fleets sent for the pro- 
 tection of her own trade and for the annoyance of her 
 enemies — hereby she will secure a great acquisition of territory 
 and strength for the disaffected will readily engage in her 
 cause, the ludians w^ill be spirited easily supplied and without 
 diUiculty retained in her service — They will open to them- 
 se'.ves a communication through the lakes with C-anada and by 
 •the numerous tribes of savages in our inland frontiers, keep 
 them constantly in war, destroy their growth, liap])iness and 
 prosperity, if not depopulate them — In the same ])roportion 
 as they acfjuire strength we debilitated. Besides, if the 
 southern States are lost we have not only tlieir proportion of 
 the common debt thrown upon the other States who are now 
 groauing under the idea of the weight of their own bui'thens 
 but it will give a fatal wound to our paper currency and- 
 probably add more to the depreciation of it than any that has 
 already happened; for the exiJectation that in some future 
 day it will be redeemed stamps it with value, as this is lessened 
 the value of it must decrease. If the enemy are permitted to 
 enjoy the extremes of the United States from which they can 
 with ease enlarge their own limits and circumscribe ours we 
 shall soon be in the most unhappy situation; — encircled by 
 
25 
 
 land and cooped by sea — What mor e would tliey liave to do 
 than to keep garrisons in the middle States, ruin tJieir trade 
 and open a generous one southward and eastward. Besides 
 the advantages which would accrue to the enemy by enjoy- 
 ing these States which are I think sufficient inducement to 
 attempt a subjugation of them — They will also be enc<raraged 
 to the measure by considering what little expence and hazard 
 they would oljtain them with. Their rear is covered l^y tlieir 
 friends — ^their right by their marine and their left l)y the 
 disaffected and the Indians. Indeed if this town was in their 
 possession from the natural strength of it — They connnanding 
 at sea all the forces they could bring against it would be 
 ineffectual to regain it. There are some among tlie many 
 reasons which induce me to l)elieve that the enemy will rein- 
 force their troops already in this quarter and attempt to extend 
 and secure their conquests; and that it is of the first impor- 
 tance to the safety and well being of the United States, effectual 
 to counteract their designs. Such are the arguments which 
 remind us of our interest — There are others which more 
 immediately affect our feelings. When shall we find an 
 asylum for those who have hitherto lived in affluence and 
 plenty and who by their exertions in the cause of their country 
 are become peculiarly obnoxious to the connnon foe? Shall 
 we leave them to the cruel alternative only of suffering the 
 ignominious insults of an unfeeling enemy aud wearing at 
 least those chains which they have at so nnich hazard sought 
 to shun or foregoing their former happiness and reduced to a 
 situation little short <jf beggary and want force them to seek 
 shelter in some neighbouring State. Honor and Humanity 
 both forbid it. 
 
 The necessity of sending troops will further appear Mdien it 
 is considered that the enemy have in this (piarter about 3000 
 men, that they expect a large addition to that number, that 
 the whole of our forces of Cyontinental troops now in this State 
 is short of one thousand men — That 150 men may be expected 
 from No. Carolina and about 800 from Virginia by General 
 
26 
 
 Scott, — the whole less than 2000. What militia No. Caro- 
 lina will send is yet uncertain. Most of them which can be 
 drawn ont in this State will be needed for the back parts of 
 the Conntry to restrain the unfriendly and the savages — To 
 convince the people here that Congress have their safety at 
 heart, and will snpport them and to discourage every idea 
 that they are to make terms for themselves is of the utmost 
 importance. I can not help felicitating myself- in the belief 
 that troops may be spared from the northward as the cam- 
 paign must be near over and as the return of Genl. Sullivan 
 may be shortly expected and that they will be sent especially 
 as the ol)jection to it formerly made of a long march <fec are 
 now ol)viated; for part of Count d'Estaings fleet l)eing in 
 Chesapeak Bay which with our frigates will be a sufficient 
 cover to their passage by water and will give us speedy and 
 certain reinforcements. If the troops come by water I have 
 to request that the board of war may l)e directed to send on 
 with them the articles mentioned in the enclosed list. A du- 
 plicate I have sent to them from the AA^est Indies. Some of 
 the Vessels were taken and others came to a bad market; for 
 a more minute State of matters in this department and for a 
 fuller representation of the miseries that await us without 
 prompt reinforcements I beg leave to refer you to Lieutenant 
 Colonel Laurens from whose knowledge in war and critical 
 observation you may expect the most perfect intelligence. 
 I have the honor to be &c, 
 
 B. LINCOLN. 
 
 5th. Whether the marine arrangement was such as best 
 to answer the purposes intended l)y Congress in sending the 
 frigates to Charlestown. 
 
 It was tlie general if not the universal opinion that armed 
 ships lying before the bar of ( 'harlestown would effectually 
 secure its pass and it was some time after the arrival of the 
 ships before I had even an intimation that to occupy a station 
 near the l)ar would be attended with hazard. 
 
27 
 
 On a siifi^gestion of this kind I wrote the follo^ving letter to 
 Commodore Whipple: 
 
 Hd. Quarters Charlestown, 
 Janry. 30, 17S0. 
 
 Dear Sir — By yonr instructions yon will observe that you 
 were sent with frigates under yonr command as a protection 
 to this part of tlie United States and I have no doubt of your 
 zeal and that of your officers in the Common Cause or of your 
 utmost exertions for the defence of this State. — Your duty 
 will be if possil)le to prevent the enemy from entering the 
 harbour if that should be impracticable, you will in the next 
 place oppose them at Fort Moultrie. I have lately been in- 
 formed that with an easterly wind and flood tide it will be 
 impossible for a ship to lye with her broad side to the enter- 
 ance of the 1)ar. To ascertain this matter is of importance; 
 you will therefore as early [as] possil)le have the internal part 
 of the bar and the adjacent shoals sounded and buoyed hj 
 some of your officers and the best pitch you can obtain. 
 After that you will please in company with the Captains of 
 the several ships to reconnoitre the enterance of this harbour 
 and see whether there is a possibility of the sliips lying in 
 such a manner as to command the passage and leave their 
 station if it should become necessary. 
 
 When you and yonr Captains have enquired and considered 
 the matter you will be so good as to report your opinions. 
 
 I am &c, 
 
 B. LINCOLN. 
 Comre WHIPPLE. 
 
 I[n] answer to the above the Commodore gave me the 
 following letter directed to him: 
 
 Sir 
 
 Having considered General Lincolns re<|uisition to you of the 
 3(»th Ult whether there is a possibility of the shipping lying 
 in such manner as to command the j^assage at the bar of 
 
28 
 
 Cliarlestown harbour and leave their station it" it should 
 become necessary; after having sounded and buoyed the en- 
 terance and made such observations as appeared to us neces- 
 sary do declare upon due deliberation that it is in our opinion 
 impracticable; our reasons are that when an easterly wind is 
 blowing and the flood making in (such an opportunity as the 
 enemy must embrace for this purpose) there wall be so great 
 a swell in tive fathom hole as to render it impossible for a 
 ship to ride moored athwart which will afford the enemies 
 ships under full sail the advantage of passing us. Should they 
 effect that, the continental ships cannot possibly get up to fort 
 Moultrie as soon as the enemies. 
 We are &c, 
 
 signed by Cap. HACKEr. 
 and a number of other officers. 
 Commodore WHIPPLE. 
 
 Notwithstanding this representation I was so fully convinced 
 of the necessity and importance of the ships covering the bar 
 and having no information that there was not a sufficiency of 
 water at all times to float thejn — I wrote the following letters 
 and orders to the Commodore: 
 
 Charlestown, Febry. 13, 1780. 
 Dear Sir 
 
 I have attentively read the letter from Captain Hacker and 
 others to you on the subject of anchoring the shij^s before the 
 bar at the enterance of this harbour. I am nmcli obliged to 
 you and the gentlemen for your attention to my request — I 
 am fully convinced that at some particular times it may be 
 difficulty [sic] if not impossible to lie M'itli the Broad Side of 
 the ships to the Channel and that there will be a riscpie of 
 losing the ships should they take their station in and near Ave 
 fathom hole, yet I am fully convinced that the probable [sic] 
 they will render them should they attempt to come over the 
 bar and the evils consequent on their getting into this harbour 
 
29 
 
 and that the attempt on^ht to l)e made and that the measure 
 can 1)6 therel)j jut^titied — for the eafety of this town lies in 
 reducing the enemies attempts on it to a land attack — If the 
 mouth of the harl)our is left uncovered by the sliips they can 
 in the first place bring in their frigates and cover their heavier 
 ships while they lighten and get them over the bar — This 
 may be at a time when it may be impossible if our ships are 
 within fort Moultrie to get doM'n to annoy them. 
 
 If Sir the ships should take post to act in conjunction with 
 fort Moultrie which would greatly support it and while that 
 remained in our possession the enemy might be checked in 
 their progress to town. But if the enemy should by work on 
 liaddrels point reduce that that [sic] fort you must hnmediately 
 leave your station before it and should you be followed by 
 the ships which may 1)0 got over the bar you nmst be driven 
 into the rivers and the front of the town left uncovered. 
 From these considerations I am induced to recpiest that you as 
 soon as possible station, the Providence, Boston, Bricole and 
 Truite with such gallies as in your opinion may be serviceable 
 near the l)ar so as best to command the entrance of it, I 
 M'isli to have the pleasure of seeing you this morning. 
 
 I am &c, 
 Connnodore WHIPPLE. B. LINCOLN. 
 
 The weather prevented the ships from falling down imme- 
 diately and on an examination the Conmiodore found and 
 reported to me that there was not a sufhcient depth of water 
 to lye so near the b..r as to connnand the enterance of it. 
 This was so new an idea and if true the ships would be ren- 
 dered of so much less use than was expected that I called upon 
 the sea officers with the pilots to make the critical examina- 
 tion into the matter 6: report. 
 
 Head Quarters, Charlestown^ Feb. 26, 1780. 
 Sir 
 
 I find by some observations I made yesterday difficulties with 
 respect to the frigates under your command anchoring near 
 
30 
 
 the bar wliicli from the representations made to me I did not 
 expect. As the design of yonr being sent to this department 
 was if possible to cover the bar of the harbour a measure 
 highly necessary therefore an attempt to do it should be made 
 but on the fullest evidence of its impracticability. 
 
 I have therefore to request that you will as soon as may l>e 
 report to me the depth of water in the channel from the bar 
 to what is called five fathom hole and what distance that is 
 from the bar. — Whether in that distance there is any place 
 where your ships can anchor in a suitable depth of water — If 
 any place how far from the bar — Whether there you can 
 cover it and whether at this station You can be annoyed by 
 batteries from the shore- — Whether a l)attery can be thrown 
 up by us so as to cover the ships so cover that as to secure a 
 retreat of the gari-ison if it should become necessary to bring 
 off the garrison. 
 
 If you cannot anchor so as to cover the bar you will please 
 to give me your opinion where you will lie so as to secure this 
 town from an attack by sea and best answer the purposes of 
 your being sent here and the views of Congress and the reasons 
 for such an opinion — In this matter you will please to consult 
 the Captains of the several ships and the pilots of this harbour. 
 You will keep your present station or one near thereto ujitill 
 you report unless an opportunity shall offer to act offensivel}' 
 against the enemy or your own safety should make it necessary 
 for you to remove — In either case you will judge. 
 
 I am &c, 
 
 B. l.mCOLN. 
 
 Commodore WHIPPLE. 
 
 I thought the anchoring the ships near the bar so as to 
 cover it of such importance that although I could not doubt 
 but from the officers and pilots I should have a just and 
 impartial and just representation yet I did not content myself 
 without spending two days in a boat on this business — 
 
 When it was found impracticable for the ships to anchor as 
 
^ 31 
 
 was first expected & that tliey could not lye in five fathom 
 hole beyond reach of hatteries from the shore It was de- 
 termined that they ought to take such station as to act in con- 
 junction with fort Moultrie as will appear by the following 
 report, the truth of which was verified by my own observa- 
 tion — 
 
 Port of Charlestown, Febry. 27, 1780. 
 HoND Sir: 
 
 Yours of yesterday we have received and after having con- 
 sidered and attended to the several requisitions therein con- 
 tained l)eg leave to return the following answer — At low water 
 there is eleven feet from the bar to five fathom hole — five 
 fathom hole is three miles from the bar where you will have 
 three fathoms at low water — They cannot be anchored untill 
 they are at that distance from the bar — In the place where 
 the ships can be anchored the bar cannot be covered or 
 annoyed. 
 
 Ofi: the north breaker head where the ships can be anchored 
 to moor them that they may swing in safety they Mall lay 
 within one mile and an half of the bar. 
 
 If any batteries are thrown up to act in conjunction with 
 the ships and the enemies force should be so much superior as 
 to cause a retreat to be necessary it will be impossible for us 
 to cover or take them off. 
 
 Our opinion is that the ships can do more effectual service 
 for the defence & security of the town to act in conjunction 
 with fort Moultrie which we think will best answer the pur- 
 poses of the ships being sent here and consequently if so the 
 views of Congress — 
 
 Our reasons are that the channel is so narrow between the 
 fort and the middle ground that they ma}^ be moved so as to 
 rake tlie channel and prevent the enemys troops being landed 
 to annoy the fort. 
 
 The enemy we apprehend may be prevented from sounding 
 and buoying the bar by the brig Grenl. Lincoln, Notre Dame 
 
32 
 
 and other small vessels that may occasionally [he] employed 
 for that purpose. 
 
 We are &c, 
 Signed hy FOUR CAPTAINS & FIA^E PILOTS. 
 General LIXCOLN. 
 
 In consequence of the ahove report the ships were removed 
 to act in conjunction with fort JNlonltrie and an attempt was 
 made to ohstrnct the channel in front thereof but from the 
 de]:)th of water the width of the channel and the rapidity of 
 the tide the attempt proved al>ortive. 
 
 On the enemys getting over the bar a force far superior to 
 what was expected and with which our ships could by no 
 means cope and from a consideration tliat if the enemy should 
 pass the fort and our ships with a leading wind and Hood tide 
 and an anchor to the leeward of them it would have been 
 impossible for them to have got out of reach of the enemies 
 guns or to be protected by the fort we were obliged to 
 abandon the former idea of acting in conjunction with fort 
 Moultrie and to adopt a new one. After I received an answer 
 to the following questions which were proposed to the 
 Captains Whipple, Rathluirn, Hakker, Tucker, Simpson, 
 Lockwood and Pyne. 1st, Whether in their opinion the 
 obstructions which are now attempted to be laid across the 
 channel in front of Fort Moultrie if effected, will be suihcient 
 will be sufficient 1 to check the progress of the enemys ships 
 now in this liarbour if they should attenqit to pass them 
 under the advantages of a leading wind and flood tide. 2d, 
 If the enemy should pass the fort and the American Ships 
 under the circumstances aforesaid and should anchor to 
 the leeward of them whether the fort could act in conjunction 
 with and support our ships. If they cannot whether they can 
 change their station so as to escape the enemys Are. 3d, 
 Whether they think from the present situation and force of 
 the enemy and the state of Charlestown our ships can take a 
 
 So repeated in original ms . 
 
33 
 
 station m wliieh tliej can probably render more essential 
 services than in their present and where. 
 
 Answer to the iirst (piestion. 
 
 We are fnlly of oi)inion that the present or even any obstruc- 
 tions we can throw in the way of the enemy will be insuthcient 
 to check such heavy ships as the enemy now have in the 
 harbour. 
 
 A to the 2d Q Should the enemy ]mss us they can anchor to 
 leeward of us and we cannot be protected by fort Moultrie or 
 shall we be able to run our ships out of the way. 
 
 A to the 3 Q That we are also of opinion that we ought to 
 leave our present situation. 
 
 We beg leave to observe that when we rec<nnmend [.svV^] 
 this as a suitable Station it was at a time when the enemies force 
 off the bar did not exceed half what they now have in the 
 harbour and when we had every assurance that a ship larger 
 than 50 guns could not be got over the l)ar. 
 
 Signed by CAPTAIN WHIPPLE, 
 
 and all the others before mentioned. 
 
 Hereon I was induced to order the ships up to town dismantle 
 the heaviest of them, strengthen our batteries with their guns 
 and man the forts with their seamen; and we attempted to 
 encumber the channel between the town and Shutes Folly as 
 before mentioned. 
 
 I have been thus particular under this head because the 
 public supposed that the ships could be so stationed as to com- 
 mand the bar and from this consideration I supposed Congress 
 were induced to send them to South Carolina — 
 
 6th, Whether the necessary exertions were made to coinpleat 
 the works and fortifications of the town. 
 
 The State of So. Carolina was early and repeatedly called 
 upon to bring in their blacks and to finish their works for little 
 progress therein could be expected from our troops whose 
 number were too inconsiderable to promise much — They were 
 however the greatest part of their time on duty. To show 
 3 
 
34 
 
 liow far I interested myself in this business I beg leave to 
 insert tlie depositions of Mr. Cannon and Mr. Gamble on this 
 bead. I should have omitted them in this letter could I have 
 been sure that in any other way I should have had an oppor- 
 tunity of laying them before you; but of this I cannot be 
 certain you will therefore I trust excuse it. 
 
 June 28, 1780, Philadelphia. 
 The declaration of James Cannon : 
 
 I resided in Charlestown from ye 5 day of Janry. 1778 to 
 the 9th of April 1780. On the evening of the last mentioned 
 day left it with General Lincolns dispatches; and having the 
 honor of being connected with some of the first men in office 
 in the State of So. Carolina and frecpiently in the Genls 
 fanuly while liis (puirter[s] were in Charlestown. 
 
 I declare 
 
 That I had frequent opportunities of Knowing the sentiments 
 of the best informed or the General's conduct, while com- 
 manding in the southern department, and tliat I uniformly 
 found the ideas of his merit and abilities to rise in proportion 
 to the degree of information — That I have l)een witness to his 
 pressing with much earnestness the certainty of an intended 
 invasion, and the necessity of strenuous and timely exertions 
 to provide against it. 
 
 That he lost no time in fortifying Charlestown as well as 
 the means put into his power and the skill of the engineer 
 would accomplish it. 
 
 That he took every step, which prudence, ability and Zeal 
 for the safety of the Town could inspire, to call forth the 
 utmost exertions of the State at Large, and town in perticular 
 to put it into the best state of defence — Ever turning out 
 himself, not only to assist on the works, but to set an example 
 of emulation that none might think it beneath him to give his 
 Assistance, but that all ought to turn out, when they saw 
 their Commander in Chief sul)mit to the common duties of 
 fatigue men to push on the Works — And that this was not 
 
sr, 
 
 only the exertions of one honr to excite emnlation, but his 
 constant practice going out with tlie foremost in the morning, 
 and returning with the last in the Evening, untill the near 
 approach of the enemy call'd for him to other duties — That 
 I have been constantly, and at all times in the day, round the 
 works from the time of the enemies landing on James Island, 
 and don't recollect, Ever to have lieen for an hour at any one 
 part of them, without seeing the General ride round for the 
 purpose of viewing them, and by his presence inspiring the 
 fatigue men with ardor and industry. And that it is my 
 oppinion, that no man could have applied himself with more 
 diligence & activity to put the place into the best possible 
 state of defence, nor would it have been easy for any man to 
 have done as nuich, and extreamly difficult to have done more 
 with the same means — 
 
 JAMES CANNON. 
 
 Philadelphia ss Before me Plunket Tileston* [sic] one of 
 the Justices &c personally came Mr. James Cannon and made 
 Oath and did depose that the Contents of the foregoing 
 declaration is just & true- 
 Sworn the 30th day of June, 1780. 
 
 PLUNKET TILESTON [sic]. 
 
 Philadelphia, 30th June, 1780. 
 Being from loth of February to the 17th of April, 1780, 
 when I became unlit for service by a contusion from a cannon 
 that imployed as a manager on the publick Works in 
 Charlestown, and I had the constant opportunity of marking 
 General Lincolns attention to the construction of every work 
 necessary for the defence of the place. By his perticular 
 order and direction, I fortifyed from the French Battery on 
 Gibbs Wharf to the Sugar house battery on Savages Green, 
 on the Ashley River side of the Town, cutting a wet ditch 12 
 
 *The name is c«>rrectly as follows ; Plunket Fleeson, and is so in the 
 original deposition, and in a goi^i/ of the Lincoln letter. But Lincoln 
 has misread it. V. H. P. 
 
36 
 
 feet Wide with a regular Glacis, and a range of oblique 
 pickets in front of the Old line. I also hy his Orders cut the 
 Marsh from P^ergusons beach to within about two hundred 
 yards of CHinimins Point Battery, rendering it impassable for 
 boats at High Water and to the infantry when dry by a drain 
 & Bank. Next at his command I stopped a creek 7 feet deep 
 in front of our lines on the left, the whole compleated under 
 his sole inspection. — ^I was concerned in every Work erected 
 or repaired to the ITtli of April in which time the General 
 was always one of the first at and last from the works, giving 
 directions to the overseers and encouraging the labourers, and 
 in my opinion no man could have been more diligent in fortify- 
 ing, more vigilant, more cautious oi" have l)ehaved with more 
 bravary in the defence of Charlestown then General Lincoln — 
 
 ARCHIBALD GAMBLE. 
 
 Philadelphia, ss. 
 
 Before me Pliinket Tileston one of the Justices &c came 
 Archibald Gamble and made Oath that the contents of the 
 within declaration is just and true. Sworn the 30th day of 
 June 1780. 
 
 PLUNKET TILESTON. 
 
 7th. Whether the defence of Charlestown was conducted 
 with that military Spirit & determination which justice to 
 their Country & themselves demanded of its Garrison — this is 
 a question delicate and important. 
 
 Charlestown is situate on a pemiensula formed by tlie conflux 
 of the Cooper & the Ashley — having field works in its rear 
 the front & flanks cover' d by lines batteries tfc; Marshes — The 
 whole extent little short of four Miles — 
 
 The enemy landed the 12th of Feby in force on the south 
 part of John Island between twenty & thirty Miles from 
 Charlestowni with the Ashley & the Stono intervening, As I 
 wish to waste as little of your Excellencys time as possal:)le, I 
 shall say nothing of their movements from the time of their de- 
 
37 
 
 liberation until they crossed tlie Ashley on the 29th of March, 
 excepting that previous thereto they had employed themselves 
 in erecting works on James Island, to cover their ships; some 
 on the main near Wappoe as a security to their grand deposite 
 of stores established here, the stores having been transported 
 from their ships in Stono river — 
 
 They crossed the Ashley about two miles above the ferry, 
 twelve miles from the Town, with their grenadiers, light troops, 
 and two l)attalions of Infantry — On the SOth they appear'd 
 before our lines and encamped about three thousand yards in 
 front of them — We had to lament that the state of our garrison 
 would not admit of a sufficient force being detached to annoy 
 them in crossing the river whicli they could do at different places 
 for our whole number at this time in garrison amounted to 2225 
 only, besides the sailors in the batteries. 
 
 The 3Uth & 31st the enemy were employed in transporting 
 theii- stores from the West to the East side of Ashley, about 
 two miles above our lines, in the morning of the first of April 
 we observed that they had broken ground in several places 
 about 1100 yards in onr front; their next work appeared, the 
 morning /o/lowing on our left about nine hmulred i/avda 
 distance, i the niglit after they opened a third work, about six 
 hundred yards from our right. From tlie third to the 10th 
 the enemy were employed in finishing their first parrallel, their 
 batteries thereon & mantleing them, before which we had 
 received oidy a few rand(jm shots from their Gallies in the 
 mouth oi Wappoo, and from their battery near thereto — In the 
 evening of this day we received the following summons: 
 
 "Sir Henry Clinton K B General and Commandr in chief 
 of his Majestys forces in the Colonies lyii g on the Atlantic 
 from nova Scotia &c &c &c and Vice Admiral Arbuthnot not 
 (evidently intended for "now.'" Y. II. P.) [sic] commander 
 in chief of his Majestys ships in North America &c &c &c 
 regreting the effusion of blood and distresses which must now 
 
 ' The letters in italics indicate portions oi' the original manuscript 
 which iiave been torn and lost, and wiiich are supplied in a later hand- 
 writing. V. H. P. 
 
38 
 
 commence, deem it conformant to humanity to warn tlie town 
 and Garrison of Charlestown of the liavock and desolation with 
 which they are tlireatened from the formidable force surround- 
 ing them by land and Sea. 
 
 An alternative is offer 'd at this hour of saving their lives 
 and property contain' d in the town or of al)iding by the fatal 
 consequences of a cannonade & storm. 
 
 Should the place in a fallacious security, or its commander 
 in a wanton indifference to the fate of its Inhal)itants delay a 
 surrender, or should the public stores or shipping be destroyed, 
 the resentment of an exasperated soldiery may intervene but 
 the same mild and compassionate offer can never be renewed. 
 The respective Commanders, who hereby sunnnon the Town 
 do not apprehed so rash a part as farther resistance will be 
 taken ; but rather, that the gates will be opened and themselves 
 received ^nth a degree of Confidence which will forebode 
 fui'ther \QQ,o\m\iation. 
 
 Head Quarters Charlestown Apr// lOtJi-1780. 
 Gentlemen 
 
 I have received your summons of this date^ — Sixty days have 
 passed since it has been known tliat your intentions against 
 this town were hostile, in which time has been afforded to 
 abandon it — but duty and inclination point to the propriety of 
 supporting it to the last extremity. 
 I have the honor to be 
 
 Your Excellencies humble servant 
 
 B. LINCOLN. 
 
 The answer was such, as I hope will at all time meet your 
 Excellencies appi-obation — we were left at that time without 
 an alternative; — an unconditional surrender was demanded — 
 Firing on our side was immediately commenced to retard and 
 annoy the Enemy in their approaches as nuich as possible and 
 
 (See foot note on page 375.) 
 
39 
 
 so coutiimed until tlie 13th when tliey opened their batteries 
 and a constant Hre was kept up by both parties until the 20tli: 
 at which time their second parallel within three hundred yards 
 of our lines were compleated when terms as have been before 
 mentioned were proposed but being rejected hostilities again 
 commenced on the 21 and continued with redoubled fury — on 
 the twenty third the Enemy commenced their third parallel from 
 eighty to one hundred and fifty yard's from our lines, from this 
 to the eighth of May they were emj)loyed in compleating it 
 erecting three batteries thereon and draining the ditch o^^osite 
 our right — In the morning of the 8th / /'e^ceived the following 
 letter from Genl. Clinton: 
 
 C'w'cumstanced as I now am with respect to the place in- 
 vested humanity only can induce me to lay within your reach 
 the terms I determined should never again be proffered. 
 
 The fall of fort Sullivan — The destruction on the 6th Inst 
 of what remained of your Cavalry, the critical period to which 
 our approaches against the town have brought us mark this as 
 the term of your hopes of Succour (could you have framed any) 
 and an hour beyond which resistance is temerity. 
 
 By this last summons therefore I throw to your charge 
 whatever vindictive severity exasperated soldiers may inflict 
 on the unhappy people, whom you devote by persevering in a 
 fruitless defence. 
 
 I shall expect your answer untill 8 oClock when hostilities 
 
 will ao;ain commence aij-ain^ unless the town shall be surren- 
 
 dered. 
 
 Signed H. CLINTON. ; 
 
 This I laid before a Council of Genl and field oflicers and the 
 Captains of the Continental ships. It was the voice of the 
 Continental (erased in the original. V. H. P )Council that 
 terms of capitulation ought to be proposed — Terms were 
 accordingly were [sie] sent out Ijut as many of them were 
 
 (8ee foot note on page 375.) 
 
 ^( "Again'' given twice as here transcribed. V. H. P). 
 
40 
 
 rejected othe/'.y so mutilated and a (jualification of tliewi utterly 
 denied us hostilities again aoninienced in the evening of the 
 9th with a more mcessant and heavy lire than ever which con- 
 tinued untill the 11 when liaving Y>rev{ous thereto received an 
 address from the principal inhabitants of the town and a 
 number of the Country Militia signifying yt the terms acceded 
 to by Genl Clinton as they related to them were satisfactory 
 and desired tliat I would propose my acceptance of them 
 and a request from the Lieutenant and Council that the ne- 
 gotiations might be renewed — the militia of the town having 
 thrown down their arms — our provisions saving a little a [.s/'c] 
 rice being exliausted — The troops on the lines being worn 
 down with fatigue liaving for a number of days been obliged 
 to lay upon the blanket — Our harbour closely l>locked up — • 
 compleatly invested by land by nine thousand men at least 
 the flower of the British Army in America besides the large 
 force which at all times they could draw from their marine 
 and aided l)y a great number of blacks in all their laborious 
 eiin)loyment — The garrison at this time exclusive of the sailors 
 but little exceeding 2500 men part of whom had thrown 
 down their arms. 
 
 The Cltizem in general discontented the Enenij/ being within, 
 tiventg yards of our Lines and preparing to make a general 
 assault hg sea & land — Many of our ea.nnon disniounied and 
 others silenced from tlie want of shot, a retreai heing judged ini- 
 praeticahle and every liope of timely succour cut off we were 
 induced to offer & excede [sicJ^ i!o the terms executed w?. f/te 12t/i, 
 a copy of tlnnn., tlio several Letters and propoxifionx that 
 jxissed between Sir Ily: Clinton and \i\ym\i froin the 1(> of 
 April to the 12 of May I do myself tlie honor to inclose. — 
 
 Tims Sir in as concise a manner as possible and perhaps too 
 much so in justice to myself I have given to your Excellency 
 a state of matters, relative to the defence and loss of Char- 
 lestown and the measures pursued by me for its safety. — 
 
 Think it not my Dear General the language of adulation 
 
 (See foot note on page 87-')). 
 
41 
 
 when I assure you, that your approbation of my military 
 conduct will afford nie the highest satisfaction- — an[d] prove 
 my justification in Eyes t)f the World — 
 
 I have the honor to be My Dr General 
 with the highest regard and esteem 
 your most obedient servant 
 
 B. LINCOLN. 
 His Excellency 
 General 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 [Endorsed m the verso of last leaf as follows:] 
 
 "Account of 
 
 Seige & Surrender 
 
 of Charlestown." 
 
 COPIES OE LETTERS AND ARTICLES OE CAPITU- 
 LATION APRIL 10-MAY 11, 1780. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 Summons to Major General Lincoln, lOth April 17S(), 
 with his answer of the same date. 
 
 Sir Henry Clinton, K. B., General and Commander-in-Chief 
 of his Majesty's forces in the Colonies, lying on the Atlantic 
 from Nova Scotia ifec, &c, &c, and Vice Admiral Arbuthnot, 
 Connnander-in-Chief of his Majesty's Ships in North America, 
 &c, &c, &c, regretting the Effusion of Blood and the Dis- 
 tresses which must now commence, deem it consonant to 
 Humanity to warn the Town and Gan-ison of Charlestown of 
 the Havoc and Desolation with which they are threatened 
 from the formidable Force surrounding them by Sea and Land. 
 
 An Alternative is offered at this Hour to the Iidiabitants of 
 saving their Lives and Property (contained in the Town) or of 
 abiding by the fatal Consequences of a Cannonade and Storm. 
 
 Should the Place in a fallacious Security, or its Commander 
 
42 
 
 in a wanton Indifference to the Fate of its Inhabitants, delay 
 the Surrender; or should public Stores or Shipping be des- 
 troyed, the Resentment of an exasperated Soldiery may in- 
 tervene, but the same mild and compassionate Offer can never 
 be -renewed. 
 
 The respective Commanders who hereby summons the Town, 
 do not apprehend so rash a Part (Step) as further resistance will 
 be taken ; l)ut rather that the Gates will be opened and them- 
 selves received with a Degree of Confidence which will forebode 
 farther Reconciliation • 
 
 H. CLINTON. 
 M. ARBUTHNOT. 
 April 10, 1780. Camp before Charlestown. 
 
 To the Officers commandine; Charlestown. 
 
 No. II. 
 Head-Quarters, (Lines of) Charlestown, April 10, 1780. 
 
 Gentlemen: I have received your Summons of this Date. . . . 
 Sixty days have passed since it was (has been) known that your 
 Intentions against this Town were hostile, in which Time has 
 
 beeii afforded to abandon it; but Duty and Inclination 
 
 point to the Propriety of supporting it to the last Extremity, 
 
 I have the Honour to be (Gentlemen) 
 
 Your Excellency's humble Servant 
 
 (Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
 (General CHinton 
 
 Admiral Arbutlnnjt. } 
 
 Major General Lincoln toSir Henry Clinton, K. B. Propos- 
 ing Articles of Capitulation, with Sir Henry Clinton's Answer, 
 and the Articles of Capitulation. 
 
 No. III. 
 
 Charles-Town, April 21,^780. 
 Sir: I am willing to enter into the consideration of Terms of 
 
 Capitulation, if such can be obtained as are honorable for 
 
 the Army, and safe for the Inhabitants. I have to propose a 
 
43 
 
 Cessation of Hostilities for six Hours, for the Purpose of 
 digesting such Articles. 
 I have the Honour to be 
 
 Your Excellency's obedient Servant, 
 
 (Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
 
 No. IV. 
 
 Camp before Charlestown, 
 April 21, 1T80. 
 Sir: Admiral Arbutlmot, who commands the Fleet, should 
 have been addressed jointly with me upon this Occasion. 
 
 As I wish to communicate with him, and as I give my Con- 
 sent to a Cessation of Hostilities for six Hours, I desire an Aide- 
 de-Camp may pass to the Ships with a Letter, and my Request 
 that the Battery on James Island may desist tiring. 
 I have the Honour to be &c, 
 
 (Signed) II. CLINTON. 
 Major General LINCOLN. 
 
 No. y. 
 
 Articles of Capitulation jiroposedby Major General Lincoln. 
 
 Art. I. That all acts of Hostility and Works shall cease 
 between the Naval and Land Forces of Great Britain and 
 America, in this State, until the Articles of Capitulation shall 
 be agreed on, signed and executed, or collectively rejected. 
 
 Art. II. That the Town, Forts and Fortifications belonging 
 to them, shall be surrendered to the Conniiander-in-Chief of 
 the British Forces such as they now stand. 
 
 Art. III. That the several Troops garrisoning the Town 
 and Forts, including the French and American Sailors, the 
 French Invalids, the North Carolina and South Carolina Militia, 
 and such of the Charles Town Militia as may choose to Leave 
 this Place, shall have thirty-six Hours to wdthdraw to Lam- 
 priere's after the Capitulati(jn has been accepted and signed 
 on both sides ; . . . . and that those Troops shall retire with the 
 
44 
 
 usual Honours of War, and carry off during that Time their 
 Anns, Field Artillery, Annnunition, Baggage, and such of 
 their Stores as tliey may be able to transport. 
 
 Art. ly. That after the Expiration of the thirty six Hours 
 mentioned in the preceding Article, the British Troops 
 before the Town shall take possession of it, and those now at 
 Wappetaw shall proceed to Fort Moultrie. 
 
 Art. Y. That the American Army thus collected at 
 Lampriere's, shall have ten Days from the expiration of the 
 thirty-six Hours before-mentioned, to march wherever General 
 Lincoln may think proper to the Eastward of Cooper River, 
 without any Movement being made by the British Troops or 
 part of them, out of the Town or Fort Moultrie. 
 
 Art. VI. That the Sick and Wounded of the American and 
 French Hospitals, with their Medicines, Stores, the Surgeons 
 and Directors- Cleneral, shall remain in the Town, and be sup- 
 plied with tlie liecessaries requisite until Provision can be made 
 for their Removal, which will be as speedily as possible. 
 
 Art. VII. That no Soldier shall be encouraged to desert, 
 or permitted to enlist on eitlier side. 
 
 Art. VIII. That the French Consnl, his House, Papers, 
 and other moveable Property, shall be protected and untouched, 
 and a proper Time granted hitn for retirement to any Place 
 that may afterwards be agreed upon, between him and the 
 Commander-in-Chief of the Bi-itish Forces. 
 
 Art. IX. The (Continental Ships of War, BOSTON, PRO- 
 VIDE NC^E, and RANGER, now in this Harbour, with the 
 French Sliij) of War, the ADVENTURE, shall have Liberty 
 to proceed to Sea, with the necessary Stores on board, and go 
 unmolested, the three former to Philadelphia and the Latter 
 to Cape Francois, with the French Invalids mentioned in 
 Article III. 
 
 Art. X. The Citizens shall be protected in their persons 
 and Properties. 
 
 Art. XI. That twelve Months be allowed such as do not 
 chuse to continue under the British Government, to dispose of 
 
45 
 
 their Effects, real and personal in the State withont any 
 Molestation whatever, or to remove snch part thereof as they 
 chuse, as well as themselves and Families, and that dnring that 
 Time, they or any of them, may have it at their Option to 
 reside occasionally in Town or Conntry. 
 
 Art. XII. That the same Protection to their Persons and 
 Properties and the same Time for the Removal of their Effects, 
 be given to the Subjects of France and Spain, residing amongst 
 us, as are required for the Citizens in the preceding Articles. 
 Dated at Charlestown, April 21, 1780. 
 
 (Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
 
 No. VI. 
 
 Sir Ilem-y Clinton and Vice Admiral Arbuthnot to Major 
 General Lincoln. 
 
 Camp before Charlestown, 
 April 21, 1780, eight O'clock at Night. 
 
 Sir: We have in Answer to your third Article (for we 
 caimot proceed further) to refer you to our former Offer, as 
 Terms wdiich although you cannot claim, we yet consent to 
 grant. 
 
 These, however, must be accepted immediately, and respon- 
 sible Hostages of the Rank of Field Officers nmst be sent as 
 Securities that the Customs of War on these Occasions be 
 strictly adhered to, that no person of the Garrison or Inhabitant 
 be permitted to go out. Nothing be removed or destroyed, 
 and no Ship or Vessel pass from the Town. 
 
 All dependent Posts are to l)e included in the Surrender, 
 and the Hostages to be answerable for these as for the Town. 
 
 Your Answer is expected at ten O'clock, at which Time 
 Hostilities will commence again, unless our Offers are closed 
 with. 
 
 (Signed) H CLINTON. 
 Major-General LINCOLN. M. ARBUTHNOT. 
 
46 
 
 No. VII. 
 
 Camp before Charlestown, 
 May 8, 1780. 
 
 Sir : ( Urcunistauced as I now am with respect to tlie Place 
 invested, Hunianitj only can induce me to lay within your 
 reach the Terms I had determined should not again be proff- 
 ered. The fall of Fort Sullivan, the destruction (on the 
 6th Instant) of what remained of your Cavalry, the critical 
 Period to which our Approaches against the Town have 
 brought us, mark this as the Term of your Hopes of Succour 
 (should you ever have framed any) and as an Hour beyond 
 wdiich resistance is Temerity. 
 
 By this last Summons, therefore. I throw to your Charge 
 whatever vindictive Severity exasperated Soldiers may intlict 
 on the unhappy People whom you devote by persevering in 
 a fruitless Defence. 
 
 I shall expect your answer again until eight O'clock, when 
 Hostilities will commence again, unless the Town be surren- 
 dered, &c, &c. 
 
 (Signed) H. CLINTON. 
 Major General LINCOLN. 
 
 No. YIII. 
 
 Charlestown, May 8, 1780. 
 Sir: Your Letter to me of this Date is now under Con- 
 sideration. There are so many different Interests to be con- 
 sulted, that I have to propose that Hostilities do not again 
 
 commence till Twelve. 
 
 (Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
 
 His Excellency Sir HENRY CLINTON. 
 
 No. IX. 
 
 May 8, 1780. 
 Sir: I consent that Hostilities shall not again conmience 
 before the Hour of Twelve, as you desire. 
 I have the Honour to l)e, Sir, &c, 
 
 H. CLINTON. 
 Major General LINCOLN. 
 
47 
 
 No. X. 
 
 Sir: As more Time has been expended in consulting the 
 different Interests tlian I supposed there would l>e, I have to 
 request that the Truce may l)e continued until four O'clock. 
 
 (Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
 His Excellency Sir HENEY CLINTON. 
 
 No. XL 
 
 Articles of Capitulation proposed by Major Gen. Lincoln, 
 
 Art. I. That all Acts of Hostility and Work shall cease 
 between the Besiegers and Besieged, until the Articles of 
 Capitulation sliall be agreed on — signed and executed, or 
 collectively rejected. 
 
 Art. II. The Town and Fortifications shall Ije surrendered 
 to the Connnander-in-Chief of the British Forces, such as they 
 now stand. 
 
 Art. III. The Continental Troops and Sailors, with their 
 Baggage, shall be conducted to a Place to be agreed on, where 
 they will remain Prisoners of AVar until exchanged. While 
 Prisoners, they shall l)e supplied with good and wholesome Pro- 
 visions, in such Quantity as is served out to the Troops of His 
 Britanic Majesty. 
 
 Art TV. The Militia now in Garrison shall be permitted to 
 return to their respective Homes, and be secured in their 
 Persons and Property. 
 
 Art. V. The Sick and Wounded shall l)e continued under 
 the Care of their own Surgeons, and be supplied with Medicines, 
 and such Necessaries as are allowed to the British Hospitals. 
 
 Art. YI. The Officers of the A rmy and Navy shall keep 
 their Horses, Swords, Pistols and Baggage, which shall not be 
 searched, and sliall retain their Servants. 
 
 Art. YII. The Garrison, shall at an Hour appointed, march 
 out with shouldered Arms, Drums beating, and Colours flying, 
 to a Place to be agreed on, where they will pile tlieir Arms. 
 
 Art. YIII, That the French Consul, his House, Papers, 
 
48 
 
 and other movable Property, shall he protected and nntouchcd, 
 and a proper Time granted to him for i-etiring to any Place 
 that may hereafter be agreed ujion between him and the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief of the British Forces. 
 
 Art. IX. That the Citizens shall be protected in their 
 Persons and Properties. 
 
 Art. X. That a twelve Month's Time be allowed to such 
 as do not choose to continue under the British Government, 
 to dispose of their Effects, real and personal, in the State, 
 without any Molestation whatever, or to remove such Part 
 thereof as they chuse, as well as themselves and Families; 
 and that during that Time, they, or any of them, may have 
 it at their Oj^tion to reside occasionally in Town or Country. 
 
 Art^ XI. That the same Protection to their Persons and 
 Pro})erties and the same Time for the Removal of their 
 Eifects, be given to the Subjects of France and Spain, as are 
 required for the Citizens in the preceding Articles. 
 
 Art. XII. That a vessel be permitted to go to Philadelphia 
 with the General',8 Dispatches, which are not to be opened. 
 
 (Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
 Charlestown, May 8, 1780. 
 
 No. XII. 
 
 May 8, Half after Five. 
 Sir: As I wish to communicate with the Admiral upon 
 the Subject of your last Letter, I have to desire that an Aide- 
 de-Camp may be permitted to pass to the Fleet for that 
 Purpose. 
 
 I have the Honour to l)e, &c, 
 
 (Signed) H. CLINTON. 
 
 No. XIII. 
 
 May 8, 6 O'clock, P. M. 
 Sir: In Order to give the Articles of Capitulation which 
 you have proposed a due Consideration, I propose that the 
 Cessation of Hostilities shall continue till To-morrow Morning 
 
49 
 
 at S O'clock, and that in the mean Time every Tiling shall 
 continue in its present Situation. If you accede to this, you 
 will please to give me Immediate Information of it. 
 I am, Sir, &c, 
 
 (Signed) H. CLINTON. 
 Major General LINCOLN. 
 
 May 8, 1780. 
 
 No. XIV. 
 
 Sik: I accede to your Proposal, that Hostilities shall cease 
 until To-morrow Morning, eight O' Clock, and that in the 
 mean Time all l\'orks shall continue in their present State. 
 
 (Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
 His Excellency Sir HENKY CLINTON 
 
 No. XV. 
 
 May 8, eight O'clock, P. M: 
 
 Sir: Your Answer to my letter proposing the Continua- 
 tion of the Truce until To-morrow Morning at eight O'cloc^k, 
 only accedes to the Cessation of Hostilities, and that in the 
 mean Time all Works shall continue in their present State; 
 but my Proposition was, that until that Time, every Thing 
 should continue in its present Situation ; and my meaning was 
 that there should be an attenq^t to remove any of the Troops, 
 or destroy any of the Ships, Stores, or other Effects whatever 
 now in the Town or Harbour.* If your Idea is the same, I 
 must request you will express yourself more explicitly. 
 
 I am. Sir, &c, 
 
 (Signed) H. CLINTON. 
 
 No. XVI. 
 
 May 8, H80. 
 
 Sir: In agreeing that the Truce should be continued until 
 eight O'clock To-morrow Morning, and all Works remain as 
 they were, I meant to accede to your Proposal, that every 
 
50 
 
 Thing should continue in its present Situation, which I again 
 assent to. 
 
 (Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
 His Excellency Sir HENKY CLINTON. 
 
 No. XYII. 
 
 Articles of Capitulation, as proposed by Major General 
 Lincoln and answered by their Excellencies Sir Henry Clinton 
 K. B. and Vice Admiral ArT)uthnot. 
 
 Art; I. All Acts of Hostility and Work shall cease until 
 the Articles of Capitulation are fully agreed to or rejected. 
 
 Art. II. The Town and Fortifications M-ith the Shipping 
 at the Wharves, Artillery, and all public Stores whatsoever, 
 shall be surrendered in their present State to the Connnanders 
 of the investing Forces. Proper Officers shall atend from 
 the respective Departments to receive them. 
 
 Art. III. Granted. 
 
 Art. IV. The Militia now in Garrison shall be permitted 
 to return to their respective Homes, as Prisoners upon Parole; 
 which Parole, so long as they desire, shall secure them from 
 being molested in their Property by the British Troops. 
 
 Art. V. Granted. 
 
 Art VI. Granted; except with Respect to their Horses, 
 which sliall not l)e allowed to go out of Town, but may be 
 disposed of l)y a Person left.from each Corps for that Purpose 
 
 Art. VII. The whole Garrison, shall, at an Hour to be 
 appointed, march out of the Town to the Ground between the 
 Works of the Place and the Canal, where they shall deposit 
 their Arms. The Drums ai'e not to beat a British March, or 
 Colours to be uncased. 
 
 Art. VIII. Agreed; with the Restriction, that he is to 
 consider himself a Prisoner on Parole. 
 
 Art. IX. All Civil Officers, and the Citizens who have 
 l)orne Arms during the Siege, must be Prisoners on Parole; 
 and with respect to their Property in the City, shall have the 
 
51 
 
 same Terms as are granted to the Militia; and all other 
 Persons now in the Town, not described in this or other 
 Article, are notwithstanding understood to be Prisoners on 
 Parole. 
 
 Art. X. The Discussion of this Article of Course, cannot 
 possibly be entered into at Present, 
 
 Art. XI. The Subjects of France and Spain shall have the 
 same Terms as are granted to the French Consul: 
 
 Art. XII. Granted; and a proper Vessel, with a Flag, 
 will be provided for that Purpose. 
 
 All Pnl)lic Papers and Records nmst l)e carefully preserved, 
 and faithfully delivered to such Persons as shall be appointed 
 to receive them. 
 (Signed) H. CLINTON. M'T ARBUTHNOT. 
 
 Camp before Ciiaklestown, 
 May 0, 1780. 
 
 No. XYIII. 
 
 May 9, 17S0 
 Sir: In reply to your Answers on the Articles of Capitula- 
 tion I must remark, that in their present State they are 
 inadmissil)le and have to propose that tliose now sent may be 
 acceded to. If any further Explanation should be necessary, I 
 have to propose also, that two or three Gentlemen be ap- 
 pointed to meet and confer on the Subject. 
 I have the Honour to be &c, 
 
 (Signed) B. LINCOLN 
 
 His Excellency Sir HENRY CLINTON. 
 
 Alterations of Articles of Capitulation proposed l)y Major 
 General Lincoln. 
 
 Art. II. The Town and Fortifications with the Shipping 
 at the Wharves excepting those which are jirivate Property, 
 and all public Stores, shall be surrendered in their j^resent 
 State to the Commander-in-Chief of the British Forces. 
 
 Art. IV. The Militia now in Garrison shall be permitted 
 
52 
 
 to return to tlieir respective Homes with their Baggage un- 
 molested, and not be considered as Prisoners of War. 
 
 Art. VI. Such of the Officers as may be miwilling to 
 dispose of their Horses may keep them. 
 
 Art. VII. This Article to stand as first proposed, the 
 Drums not l)eating a British March. 
 
 Art. VIII. The French Consul never having borne Arms 
 and acting in a civil capacity, is not to be considered a 
 Prisoner of War. 
 
 Art. IX. The Citizens and all other Persons now in Town, 
 who are Inhabitants of this State, shall be secured in their 
 Persons and Properties, both in Town and Country, and not 
 to be considered as Prisoners of War. 
 
 Art. X. This Article to stand as first proposed. The 
 Persons who may claim the Privileges therein expressed, 
 giving their Parole that they will not act against the British 
 Government, until they are exchanged. 
 
 Art. XI. This Article to stand as first jDroposed, with the 
 same restrictions as are mentioned in Art. X. 
 
 In order to prevent Disputes, it is to be understood, that 
 all Officers of the Continental Army who are Citizens of this 
 State, l)e entitled to all the Benefits of Citizens, with regard 
 to the Security of their Property. 
 
 All public Records now in Town, shall l)e delivered to such 
 Persons as may be appointed to receive them. 
 
 (Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
 Done at Charles-Town, May 9, 1780. 
 
 No. XIX. 
 
 May 9, 1780. 
 
 Sir: No other Motives but those of Forbearance and 
 Compassion induced us to renew Offers and Terms you cer- 
 tainly had no Claim to. 
 
 The Alterations you propose are utterly inadmissible. Hos- 
 tilities will in consequence commence afi'esh at eight O'clock 
 
 (Signed) II. CLINTON. 
 Major General LINCOLN. M'T ARBUTHNOT. 
 
53 
 
 No. XX. 
 
 Charles-Town, May 11, 1780. 
 
 Sir: The same Motives of Humanity which inclined you 
 to propose Articles of Capitulation to this Garrison, induced 
 me to offer those I had the Honour of sending you on the 8th 
 Instant. Tliey then apjseared to me such as I might profer 
 and you receive with Honour to both Parties. Your exception 
 to them as they principally concerned the Militia and Citizens, 
 I then conceived were such as could not l>e concurred with, 
 hut a recent Application from these People, wherein they 
 express a Willingness to comply with them, and a "Wish on my 
 Part to lessen as much as may be the Distresses of War to 
 Individuals, lead me now to offer you my Acceptance of them. 
 
 I have the Honour to be, Sir, 
 
 Your most Obedient Humble Servant, 
 
 (Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
 
 No. XXI. 
 
 Camp before Charles-Town, 
 May 11, 1780. 
 
 Sir: When you rejected the favourable Terms which were 
 dictated by an earnest Desire to prevent the Effusion of 
 Blood, and interposed Articles that were wholly inadmissible, 
 both the Admiral and myself were of Opinion that the Sur- 
 render of the Town at Discretion was the only Condition that 
 could afterwards be attended to; but as the Motives that 
 then induced them are still prevalent, I now inform you that 
 the Terms then offered will still be granted. 
 
 A Copy of the Articles shall be sent for your Ratification, 
 as soon as they can be prepared, and immediately after they 
 are exchanged, a Detachment of Grenadiers will be sent to 
 take Possession of the Horn Work opposite your Main Gate. 
 Every Arrangement which may conduce to good Order in 
 
54 
 
 occupying tlie Town, sliall be settled before Noon To-morrow, 
 and at that Time your Garrison shall march out. 
 I have the Honour to be. Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient humble Servant, 
 
 (Signed) H. CLINTON. 
 Major General LINCOLN. 
 
 Hj:ad Qua^rters before Charlestown, 
 12th May, 17S0. 
 
 Sir: We have to request you will propose some proper 
 contiguous Ihiildings in the Town for the Residence of the 
 Privates, Prisoners of War not to l)e on Parole. These will 
 be of course such as may be in Discretion be asked. The 
 Officers of the Army and Navy shall go the Barracks at 
 Haddrell's Point, and Boats will be at the Wharves to carry 
 them at three O'clock. 
 
 The Militia must depart as s]>eedily as possible, and by a 
 Report from jm^u on the Mumbei's departing homewards on 
 Parole, by the several Routes to the C^)untry, Boats shall 
 carry their Baggage to Stono Ferry or Dorchester, to Straw- 
 berry Ferry to Cainhoy. Themselves shall be escorted beyond 
 our neighl)ouring Posts. 
 
 We beg from you a general Return of all Persons bearing 
 Arms, and also of all Persons yet in Town in civil Capacities. 
 
 As soon as the Detachment of Grenadiers takes Possession 
 of the Horn Work, our Deputies of Departments will meet 
 yours, who will deliver to them all portable Effects, and when 
 your Troops shall have (putted tiie Town, the Garrison 
 destined to it shall march in. 
 
 Your Officers shall be allowed to go to the Extent of Six 
 Miles from the Barracks, but to pass no River, Creek or Arm 
 of the Sea. 
 
 We have the Honour to be, Sir, &c, 
 
 H. CLINTON. 
 M. ARBUTHNOT. 
 Major General LINCOLN. 
 New Jersey Journal, June 21, 1780. 
 
55 
 
 Chaelestown, May 12, 1780. 
 Gentlemen: I have sent you the Articles of Capitulation 
 signed by nie. As it is necessary some Matters should be 
 explained previous to their taking place, I have directed Col. 
 Ternant, as Commissioner on my Part, to execute this Business, 
 and agree upon the Place to which our Troops shall be con- 
 ducted. 
 
 I am sorry unavoidable Delay has so long occasioned my 
 Answer to be postponed. 
 I have the Honour to l)e. 
 
 Gentlemen, &c, 
 
 (Signed) B. LINCOLN. 
 His Excellency Sir HENKY CLINTON. 
 And Vice Admiral AKBUTHNOT. 
 
 (Camp before Charlestown) 
 May 12, 1780. 
 Sir: Major Andre is appointed to confer with Lieut. Col. 
 Ternant on the Matters you desire to have explained, and to 
 agree upon tlie Place to which y(jur Troops shall be conducted. 
 We have the Honour to be, &c, 
 
 H. CLINTON. 
 M. AEBUTHN0T3. 
 Major General LINCOLN.) 
 
 There formerly existed a Tradition that Major Andre, then 
 acting as Adjutant General to Sir Henry Clinton, visited 
 Charleston during the Siege in the Character of a Spy. It 
 was said that he appeared as a young Man, clad in Honie- 
 Spun, claiming to ba a Virginian, belonging to the Troops 
 then in the City. At another Time he was represented as a 
 back Countryman, who had brought down Cattle for the 
 Garrison to the opposite side of the River. 
 
 These Rumors gained credit upon the Capture and Execu 
 tion of Major Andre as a Spy a few Months after, and they 
 appear to bear the Marks of Truth. 
 
 Sargent's Life of Andre, 228. 
 
 2. New Jersey Journal, ii, No. Ixxi, June 21, 1780. 
 
56 
 
 
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7.1 
 
 From the numerous papers relating to Soutli Carolina in the 
 "Emmett Collection,"' now open to the public, without charge 
 of any kind the impulse is to make further transcripts, but 
 limited space prevents. Two papers only, however, are pre- 
 sented, rather to indicate how much more of interesting history 
 yet remains to be explored. 
 
 The first in date is a diary of Col. C. C. Pinckney, who seems 
 to have been sent by Gen. Lincoln on a special service in 1779. 
 Whether he had in view the then contemplated attack on 
 Savannah, or some other purpose, cannot be known, but no 
 one can read this paper without being impressed with the intel- 
 ligence, military knowledge, and perspicuity of the writer. 
 
 The second is a letter from Jos. Kershaw to Henry Laurens, 
 which alludes to the latter's expected absence in Europe, and 
 to his own children at school in England, &c. 
 
 PINCKNEY TO LINCOLN. 
 
 Tuesday, July 6, 1779. Set out exactly at four o'Clock in 
 the Morning from the Camp at Stono with the 1st: e^" Otli: 
 Kegiments, the Georgia Troops & Two Pieces of Artillery four 
 pounders. Arrived at Jacksonburgh before the heat of the 
 day, & remained there till the afternoon. The Flat at Jacksoii- 
 burgh is not sufficiently large to transport Artillery & Waggon 
 with the Expedition which may be necessary across the Kiver. 
 It has besides a large Beam in the Middle of it which makes it 
 particularly inconvenient for such purposes. — Encamped in the 
 Evening at the Meeting House. 
 
 Wednesday, July 7. Marched at four o'CHock in the 
 Morning and did not halt till we arrived at Godfreys Savan- 
 nah ; as the Fish pond Bridge is down & no Boat there crossed 
 the head of Ashepoo about a Quarter of a Mile higher up than 
 the Fish pond, & as the Season is remarkably dry carried the 
 Artillery & Waggons thro' the Swamp exceedingly well; but 
 as this can only be done in a dry season & as the part of the 
 Swamp through which we went will be totally impassable in 
 
72 
 
 a rainv Season, I think Fish Pond Bridge (as it is l)iit a small 
 one) slionld be immediately repaired. Encamped at Night at 
 Gibsons near the Saltcatcher. Yerj strong Gronnd for this 
 part of the Country bnt in a dry Season very indifferently 
 siipjjlied with water. 
 
 Thursday , July 8. Arrived at the Salteatchers; As the 
 Tide was still running up, & it was pretty near high Water, 
 & there was but a very small Boat there it was impossible to 
 cross till about Eleven o'Clock at which time the Iliver. was 
 fordable; a large flat here seems absolntely necessary for the 
 speedy removal of Troops fi-om the Southward to the IVIetrop- 
 olis, & thence to the Southward, as without it the Biver 
 cannot l)e passed with baggage ife Artillery but at low Water, 
 & not then when a fresh is in the Biver. Arrived at the 
 Ruins of Sheldon and encamped there. 
 
 Friday, July 9. Left the Detachment encamped at Sheldon 
 and went down to Port Boyal Ferry to see Coll. llorry & our 
 Troops encamped there & near it, & to reconnoitre the 
 Ground & the different Landings adjacent thereto The 
 Artillery was posted at a Bedcuibt which we were constructing 
 at the Ferry- — The Third Begiment at the Landing on the 
 left of it, and CN)11. Horry's Light Horse on Coosaw about 
 five Miles distant from the Ferry. I found there were many 
 places besides these where the Enemy could Land were they 
 inclined to do so, tfe it appeared to me that the Troops were 
 posted in a Cul de Sac dangerous A: inconvenient. The 
 bottom of this neck of Land is washed by Coosaw Biver which 
 parts Port Boyal Island from the Main, the Bight by AMiisper 
 or Iloospun Creek & the left by Comljahee Biver; out of 
 this neck there is only one passage for Artillery & Waggons 
 which is by Coll: Benjn: Garden's Plantation about four miles 
 from the Ferry, so that if the Enemy were to land at one of 
 the Landings on the Neck and in the night time unnoticed by 
 us which they might well do; or were they to land at Poca- 
 taligo and march down to the Causeway near Coll. Gardens, 
 6i this with a force nmch superior to ours, they might reduce 
 
73 
 
 us to the necessity of iightiiig them when they pleased & not 
 when we might think it most eligible, & in Case of an nn- 
 favonrahle turn to the Contest effectnally cut off the Retreat 
 of our Baggage & Artillery Situations which no prudent 
 officer will ever suffer himself to he reduced to. — It likewise 
 did not appear to me prol)able that the Enemy would wish to 
 take post at Port Royal Ferry, for from the landing place on 
 this side the River to the one on the other it is full three 
 Quarter of a Mile & it is not passable at low water, as at that 
 time of tide above a half of the distance over which it is 
 absolutely necessary to Ferry is entirely dry. Were the 
 Enemy therefore to bring their whole force over they would 
 find themselves much streightened in that situation & were 
 they only to send part of it to that place & w^ere attacked by 
 us when the tide was going down they would run great risqne 
 of being entirely cut off, as they could receive no Sncconi's 
 from the Main. Major Butler's at Coosaw tho' an excellent 
 look out appeared to me an improper place tc^ trust the whole 
 of our Cavalry, as it is an aljsolute Island connected with the 
 Neck I have been speaking of l)ut by a Causeway & a Bridge, 
 which if the Enemy were to take possession of, onr Horse 
 must fall into their hands. I enquired after I>oats & was 
 informed tbat there were bnt two Flats one of them out of 
 repair and a few very small Canoes at the Landings. Yes- 
 ter^lay I was told the Enemy appeared on the Island near the 
 Ferry to the amount of 200 — I could plainly discern with a 
 Glass where they kept their Guard & M^iiere some of their 
 Sentries were — When I was at Coosaw I saw three small 
 Vessells coming from St: Helena & steering for Port Royal 
 Creek — In the Afternoon several large black Smokes appeared 
 on the Island as if the Enemy were burning some Houses — 
 
 Saturday, July 10. Went to C'oll. Garden's post at Belloi- 
 den to reconnoitre the old Ferry & that part of the Country & 
 obtain from him any Intelligence which he might have lately 
 received of the Strength and Situation of the Enemy on the 
 Island & their movements. The Colonel answered me that lie 
 
74 
 
 would go himseii that Evening to meet a Pers«:in from Port 
 RoTsd that would give liim every InteUigenoe in his p:»wer — 
 He likewise gave me an Aceomit of the different places about 
 the Country where the Enemy could land: and I was more 
 stronsrly of opinion from his accoimt «It from a view of the 
 places which I reconnoitred this day of the impropriety of 
 placing onr whole force in tlie Xeck — ^The Old Ferry appears 
 to me to be mnch better adapted f • ^r g»;»ing on «Jt off the Island 
 than the new one. but the Causeway wants repairing, at the 
 present I think a piece of Artillery c-«3iild scarcely be c-arried 
 over it- The Two Batteries, erected by Coll: Senf . the Enemy 
 ©odeavoured to destrt»y: towards the Land Side they are 
 stockaded, this the Enemy have set fire to. A: destroyed part 
 of the stc^kade «!!tr part of the platforms, but have done no 
 other damage to the Batteries, they have broke off the Trun- 
 nions <t Casc-ables fn:»m the Cannon dc force«i them into the 
 Muzzles. I •lirected this Evening the third Kegunent, Hor- 
 ry's light Horse. ^ the Artillery to remove to Sheldon, it 
 ordered 1 Captain ± Subalterns 3 Sergeants A: 50 rank «Sl file 
 to take post at the Ferry, dr an officer «lt right Light Horse 
 at Cousaw. On my return to Camp I foimd Coll: Thackston 
 & the North Carolina Brigade had joined me. I ch«;»&e 
 Sheldon for the atnation of our Camp because it appeared to 
 me to be best adapted to cova- the C«:»untry from the depre- 
 dations of the Enemy, it was equally distant from the Ferry 
 Vt PiX-ataKg*:*. «t ^ould the Enemy land in force at either 
 We are near en«:»ugh to give a speedy check to their progress ; 
 If it dbould be neeeaeary fc^* ns to retreat. We can always 
 secure our Baggage dr Artillery as onr rear is entirely open & 
 We c-an retire either to C«:«iliahee or Saltc-atcher as it may be 
 moitt jwoper. Ar the nature «Sl strength of the Gn^und i? such 
 that the Enemy cannot force us to an Engagement if We 
 think proper to decline it; add to aU this that it is the 
 highest, dryest & most healthy dtuatiun in this part of the 
 Country, has excellent Water «t in sufficient Quantity for Men 
 Horses dr Cattle A^ plenty of tine pasturage. I gave a pass 
 
to an Intelligent Xegi'oe to go «jver t«:> the Island to make 
 discoveries for nie. 
 
 Sunday. July 11. Coll. Garden informed me the Gentle- 
 men he expected to meet could not leave the Island on account 
 of a very sti'iet Guard that wa* kept there hut that he sent a 
 sensible Servant to inform him that one half <:»f the Troops 
 were gone for Georgia that there remained on Port Royal 
 Island two hundred Horsemen, two hundred Light Infantry 
 <t Jive hundred Highlanders, that Genl: Prevost was to go 
 for Georgia n a few days <Sr said he would return hy Land to 
 Beaufort, that two Galhes were to be sent round by Broad 
 River the one to be stationed at Cochran's ix»iat. the other 
 about a ^lile up the River, oppisite Xathaniel Barkwells A: 
 that all the Canoes tt small Boat* were ordered to \>e drawn 
 up on the Island it burnt. 
 
 Monday. July 12. Sent Lieut: Ball cV: a party of Horse to 
 Grame's Xeck to see whether it was^ a proper place ft>r a jxtst, 
 He i"eported in the Evening that at the end of the Xeck there 
 wa^* a small Island on which you could n<;»t get but with much 
 difficulty without a Boat : that the place was proper as a k^tk 
 out to discover whether the Eiietuy meant to come up PtK?atal- 
 ligo. Tullilinny or Coosa whatchee Rivers but that there was no 
 water lit to be drank to be had there. Received Intelligence 
 from the Xegroe sent on Saturday to Pt>rt Royal Island that 
 abotit three liundi"ed of the Enemy were at the Ferry cV: about 
 1500 Highlandei-s.EngUsh A: Hessians at Beaufort eV the Com- 
 mon near it. I midei-stand that that part of Peat Royal Island 
 where the Ferry is. is connected with the main Island but by a 
 narrow Causeway. v.V: that Beaufort is 7 or S miles from this 
 Causeway. If we had but a sufficient mtmlver of Boats we 
 might have an excellent opportunity of cutting off the Enemy's 
 Post at the Ferry, I directed yesterday that all the Boats 
 should be collected cVr brought to the Feri-y Redoubt. This 
 alanned the Enemy so much that lights were passing to *.V: fro 
 at their post all night, it but few of them appear on the Island 
 to day. In the Evening I sent down two Carpenters to repair 
 
76 
 
 the Boats. I cannot obtain any information where a sufficient 
 Quantity of Boats are to be had — Capn: Doharty brouglit in a 
 Prisoner to day from Hilton Head, He had enlisted in 
 Brown's C-orps <Sz formerly belonged to my Regiment, He 
 also brought in two of my men who were made Prisoners six 
 months ago & now run away from the Enemy — Part of the 
 Enemy's force & the Indians passed by the Post where he 
 was it's their way to Savannah — I expect authentic Informa- 
 tion from the Island to morrow Evening or next day — 
 
 Tuesday, July 13. The Captain at the Ferry informs me 
 that one of the Sixth Regiment to whom he had given per- 
 mission to catch some Crabs pushed off in the little Canoe & 
 deserted to the Enemy. Went down to the Ferry the after- 
 noon — One of the Enemy's Galleys now in the mouth of Port 
 Royal Creek — My own Ideas of the Enemy's intentions are 
 that tliey intend to evacuate the Island and their movements 
 this way are only intended to amase us & cover our Retreat. — I 
 wish we had boats enough — I directed the officer at the Ferry 
 to collect every Boat he possibly could & expedite the repairing 
 of such as wanted it — In the Evening Genl : Moultrie ariived 
 in Camp — He has taken measures for the having Flats at the 
 places al)ove mentioned & also at Ashepoo. 
 
 KERSHAW TO LAURENS. 
 
 Camden, 5th January, 1780. 
 
 Dear Sir: Your much Esteemed favour of the ISth ult 
 reach'd my hands the 28th — I am very sorry the sickness of 
 Master Drayton deprived me of the pleasure of seeing you at 
 Camden on your Return from the North, and hear we are so 
 soon to be de])rived of you again, l>ut hope Providence 
 will guide you to your Intended port in Safety, that your 
 Negotiations will be Crowned with Success, and that we may 
 see you return in Safety to your Native shore. 
 
 I have long and anxiously been hoping for the Period to 
 
77 
 
 arrive when I could with some degree of Propriety take a Tour 
 to Europe, in (^rder to fix Two Boys I have there, in Some 
 train of rul)ing thro Life, they have now l)een near two years 
 at an Academy at Ilichmond in Surry under tlie tuition of a 
 Mr. De Lafosse, the Oldest will he 16 the 12th next Month 
 the other is 15 in Septemr. next. The oldest in his Last 
 Letter to me dated Octr. TS — expresses his desire of heing 
 l)rought up in the Mercantile way 1 wish to get him into some 
 good House in London Holland or France — perhaps it may 
 fall in your way to give me some assistance or advice in this 
 matter I have reason to hope they will make lu'ight Youths. 
 The rest of my Children I have with me, five in Numher 
 Two Bo3^s & three (nrirls, the youngest ahout 10 Months ( )ld, my 
 wife says she will have no more, thank God they are all well, 
 
 I hope to be in Town ahout the loth Instant and to have 
 the Pleasure of seeing you before youi- I)e])arture — The 
 Letter you forwarded me was frctm a Mrs. Hannah Swain 
 Drage, the Widdow of a very tine Old Gentleman who 
 officiated as Preacher to this district and died hear something 
 more than four Years ago, his Books & apparel was sent by 
 me to the Old Lady, his Executor John Rodgers sold his 
 Trifling Household furniture & an* which did not quite pay 
 the demands against his Esta. here; there was due to him Six 
 Months Salary or Fifty pounds Sterling, which I endeavord 
 to get from the Publick, but from the Confusion of the times it 
 could not be got in the usual way so the Account was layd before 
 the Assembly, who thought proper to throw it out tho it was 
 certainly due to him, I would recommend it to the Executor 
 to renew the application, Imt as the Money is reduced it would 
 scarcely be worth the old Ladys acceptance My Wife joins me 
 in Our best Wishes for your Safety & Prosperity — 
 
 I am with great Esteem — 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 Your much Obliged Humb Servt. 
 
 JO KERSHAW. 
 
 *So in original ms. Some word seems to have been intended, here, 
 but is lacking. V, H. P. 
 
78 
 
 N. B. — You will remember you left with me a Book of 
 Accounts — on your way to Philadelphia in June, 1777 — 
 
 [Addressed:] 
 
 To The^Honble HENRY LAURENS, Esqr. 
 Charles Town. 
 
 [Endorsed:] 
 
 JOSEPH KERSHAW-CAMDEN, 
 
 5tli January, 1780. 
 
 rec'd and Au.swerM 12th Janry. 
 
 The following lists are copied from the military roll from 
 Gen'l Lincoln's papers, preserved in the Lenox Library 
 Building of the New York Public Library, and forniiug 
 part of the Ennnet Collection. 
 
 The manuscript consists of ten leaves 8|x5f in. in size. 
 There is no paging or numeration of leaves. On the first leaf 
 (p. 1) the following endorsement appears, written in the same 
 hand as the body of the entire manuscript: 
 
 ' ' List of Officers late at Iladdrel's Point,l:th : August, 1781 . ' ' 
 
 (P. 2 is blank.) The second leaf begins the roster which 
 covers al>out sixteen (16) pages — (the 16th is not quite filled), 
 and these pages are followed by the last leaf which is entirely 
 blank. 
 
 V. H. P. 
 
ROLL OF THE CONTINENTAL OFFICERS, Prisoners of War in 
 South Carolina, as they stand for Exchange, Regtilated by a 
 Board of Officers, and sent to Sir Henry Clinton and General 
 Greene. 
 
 B: Generals. 
 
 Line. 
 
 When Taken. 
 
 Occurrences. 
 
 1 Wm. Moultrie.... 
 3|Lach Mcintosh... 
 3jWm. Woodford. 
 
 4jChas. Scott 
 
 5 — Dtiportail 
 
 6|jas. Hogun 
 
 So. Car a... 
 Georgia . 
 
 Virga 
 
 do. ... 
 
 Enginr 
 
 No. Cara., 
 
 12 May, 1780 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 do. 
 Dead. [ginia. 
 Paroled to Vir- 
 Exchanged. 
 Dead. 
 
 COLONELS. 
 
 1 S. Elbert 
 
 2C. C. Pinkney... 
 
 3Wm. Russell 
 
 4Nath. Gist 
 
 5Tlio. Clark 
 
 6 — Delamoy 
 
 7 j John Patten 
 
 8 ! John Nevile 
 
 9|Wni. Heath 
 
 10 Bard. Beeknian. 
 
 Georga ... 
 S. Cara .. 
 Virga 
 
 do. ... 
 N. Cara... 
 
 Engr 
 
 No. Cara.. 
 Virga 
 
 do. ... 
 S. Cara 
 
 .Mar. 1779.... 
 13 May, 1780. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Paroled out. 
 In Philadeliihia 
 Paroled to Va. 
 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 LT. COLONELS. 
 
 1 Wm. Henderson 
 
 2 Rob. Nebane 
 3Archd. Lytle 
 
 4 Selby Harney 
 
 5 Burgess Ball 
 
 6 G. B. Wallace 
 
 7 — Du Cambray 
 
 8 Sam. Hopkins 
 9;S. J. Cabell 
 
 10 Jona. Clark 
 111 J. F. Grimke 
 
 Exchanged, 
 do. 
 
 Par. to the Con. 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 MAJORS. 
 
 10 
 
 Tho. Hogg 
 
 R. C. Anderson 
 
 J. F. S. De Brahm. 
 
 J. Habersham 
 
 Davd. Stephenson. 
 
 Wm. Croghan— .... 
 
 John Nelson 
 
 Andw. Waggoner. 
 
 Isaac Harleston .... 
 
 Wm. Lewis 
 
 lllEphm. Mitchell.... 
 
 12Chas Pelham 
 
 13 Ph. Lowe 
 
 14; Tho Pinkney 
 
 N. Cara .. 
 Virgina ... 
 
 Engl- 
 
 Geora 
 
 Virga 
 
 do. ... 
 N. Cara.., 
 
 Virga 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 Virga ... . 
 S. C. Art., 
 
 Virga 
 
 Georga.... 
 S. Cara.... 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 6 June, 1780. 
 16Augt,— . 
 
 Ex. Mar,. 1781. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Ex. 14 June, 1781 
 
 do. 
 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
80 
 
 ^ 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Line. 
 
 Wlien Taken. Occurrences. 
 
 1 Dan . Cut libert 
 
 3 Baylor Hill 
 
 8 Lavaclier D.St. Marie. 
 
 4 G. John iMcKee 
 
 5 Felix Warley 
 
 6 John C. Smith 
 
 TWm. Moseley 
 
 8 John D'Treville 
 
 9|Tilglmian Dixon 
 
 1 John Dandridge 
 
 llljohn Gillison 
 
 12 Wni. Johnson 
 
 18 Clougli Shelton 
 
 14 Geo. Melvin 
 
 John Stith 
 
 — Celeron , 
 
 Howel Tatuni.. 
 
 ISClemt Nash. ... 
 
 1!) (reo. Turner... . 
 
 2(» Benj. Coleman . 
 
 21 Danl. Mazyck.. 
 
 2i'Robt. Fenner.... 
 
 28 1 Alex Parker ... 
 
 24iJos. Warley .... 
 
 25, — Brosard 
 
 Georga Alarch, 1779. 
 
 B. Caval fi May. 1780 . 
 
 8 May, 1780 . 
 
 12 May, 1780. 
 do 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 So. Cara 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Virga 
 
 S. C. Arty... 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 V. Arty 
 
 Virga 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Georga 
 
 Virga 
 
 P. Legion... 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 Georga 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 Virga 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 Georga 
 
 26' John Kinsberry N. C. Art. 
 
 27|Sam. Booker Virga 
 
 28iSimon Tlieus S. Cara 
 
 29 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 32 
 
 38 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 88 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 4, 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 48 
 
 49 
 
 50 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 Hugh Godwin ... 
 John Blackwell. 
 
 Joseph Day 
 
 Ben. Talliafero.. 
 Kedar Ballard.... 
 
 John Inglis 
 
 Callohil Minnis.. 
 John Giaddock.. 
 
 Geo. Warlev 
 
 Tho. Shtibrick..., 
 Tarlton Payne.... 
 
 L. Enfant 
 
 Jos. Elliott 
 
 — D"Sigond , 
 
 Rich. B. Baker.. 
 Adrian Provost. 
 
 Will Hext 
 
 Custis Kendale 
 John Sommers.. 
 Chas. Linning .. 
 Geo. Bradley ... 
 John Buchanan 
 
 Jesse Baker 
 
 Thos. Biickner... 
 
 53|Thos. Gadsden. 
 
 do 
 
 Virga 
 
 Georgia 
 
 Virgina 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 do 
 
 Virga 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 do 
 
 Virga 
 
 Enginr 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 P. Legion.. 
 S. Cara 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Virga 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 do 
 
 Virgina 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do- 
 do, 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 1781 
 
 [my. 
 
 Ex. 14th June. 
 Ex. March, 1781 
 
 do. 
 Ex. March, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Joined the Eiie- 
 Exchanged. 
 Ex. 14 June, 1781 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 In Philadelphia. 
 Ex. 14 June, 1781 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Pa. to N. Caro. 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 Exc 14 June, 1781 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
81 
 
 Captains. 
 
 Line. 
 
 When Taken. Occurrence. 
 
 Rich. Mason 
 
 Presley Neville 
 
 Field Farrar 
 
 Geo Liddell 
 
 Peter Gray 
 
 Jos. .Monford 
 
 Tho. Holt 
 
 Abram Hite 
 
 Alex. Brackenridge 
 Mayo Carrington ... 
 LawTence Bvitler.. .. 
 
 Ph. Mallery 
 
 Robt. Beal 
 
 John Wickly 
 
 Richd. Pollard 
 
 Holnian M innis 
 
 Jcinies Wright 
 
 Willm. White 
 
 LeRoy Edwards 
 
 James Ctirry 
 
 Wni. Jackson 
 
 Collin Cocke 
 
 Jacob Schriber 
 
 Geo. Handley 
 
 Edwd. Cowan 
 
 do 
 
 Virga 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 Virga 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do ■ 
 
 do 
 
 S. C. Art... 
 S. Cara ..... 
 Virga 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 Virga 
 
 Engr 
 
 Georga 
 
 do 
 
 1780. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 13 May, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 25 June, 1780. 
 6 Octr. 1780. 
 
 [vet. 
 
 Lt. Col. by Bre- 
 
 [coin Exc. 
 
 With Gen. Lin 
 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 CAPT. LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Phil. Jones N. C. Art 
 
 Barnd. Elliott 
 
 John F. Gorget 
 
 James Wilson 
 
 Johns. Budd 
 
 Chas. Stuart 
 
 Nath. Terry 
 
 Jo. Swearingham. 
 J. H. Fitzgerald.., 
 Rob. Porterfield... 
 
 Willm. Tate 
 
 Will. Fawn 
 
 Tho. Callander ... 
 
 S. C. Art. 
 
 do 
 
 do. „.. 
 
 do 
 
 N. C. Art. 
 Virga 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do. . .. 
 S. C. Art... 
 N. Cara.... 
 
 do 
 
 13 May, 1780. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 L3 May, 1780. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. ' . 
 
 In Philadelphia. 
 Killed Mch 1781. 
 
 LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 llRich. Worsham Virga 8th May, 1780. 
 
 2| 
 3' 
 
 41 
 
 s! 
 
 6 
 
 1\ 
 81 
 
 10 
 
 Nat Breedwell S. Cara. 
 
 Dan Doyley : do 
 
 Fras. Coward Virga Il' 
 
 — Castin Enginr j 
 
 Thos. Barber Virga 
 
 Tho. Evans N. Cara 
 
 John Townes Virga I 
 
 Henry Moss ; do 
 
 John DuCoin Georga 
 
 6 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 May. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 Exc. March 1781 
 
 do. 
 Exch. 14 June. 
 Exc. March, 1781 
 Exc. Jany. 1781 
 Exc.- March 1781 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Exch. 14 June. 
 
 do. 
 
8^ 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 Line. 
 
 When Taken. 
 
 Occurrence. 
 
 B. Stubblefield .... 
 
 Fras. Minnis 
 
 Will. Walton 
 
 John Jordan... ».... 
 
 John Davis 
 
 Peter Bacot 
 
 Tho. Parker 
 
 Thos. Brown 
 
 Jesse Read 
 
 Thos. Fox 
 
 Tim Y. Tealy 
 
 Dixon Marshall.... 
 
 Sam. Budd 
 
 John McNees 
 
 Anthy Hart 
 
 Beverly Roy jVirga. .. 
 
 Jos. Blackw^ell do. 
 
 Saml. Hogg do. 
 
 Jas. Campaign 'N. Cara 
 
 Jas. Maben Virga ... 
 
 John Clendennon N. Cara 
 
 Virga 
 
 do. . 
 N. Cara . 
 
 Virga 
 
 N. Cara . 
 
 do. . 
 Virga .. . 
 
 do. . 
 N. Cara. 
 Virga .... 
 
 do. . 
 N. Cara. 
 
 do. . 
 
 do. . 
 
 do. . 
 
 Jas . Hamilton 
 
 John B. Johnson 
 
 Mark Vanduval 
 
 Davd. Walker 
 
 Aaron Smith 
 
 Arthr. Cotgrave 
 
 Jas. Morton 
 
 R. Brackenridge 
 
 Chas Roth 
 
 John Nelson 
 
 Cha. Gerrard 
 
 John Godwin 
 
 Peter Fossyn 
 
 Josiah Hobb 
 
 Sam. Baskerville , 
 
 Dan. Langfoi'd 
 
 Alex. Fraser 
 
 Henry Moore , 
 
 Ph. Plutten 
 
 John Frierson , 
 
 David Miller 
 
 Geo. Winchester 
 
 Richd. Stark 
 
 Davd. Merri wether., 
 
 Thos. Li.ston 
 
 Wm. Stephens 
 
 David Allen 
 
 John White 
 
 Fras. Graves 
 
 John Vance 
 
 Jolm Hamilton 
 
 Geo. Ogier 
 
 Geo. Roans 
 
 Virga 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 Virga 
 
 do 
 
 P. Legion... 
 
 Virga 
 
 N. Cara...... 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Virga 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 do. 
 
 S. C. Arty... 
 
 do 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 Virga 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 S. C. Arty... 
 Virga 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 N. C. Arty... 
 S. Cara 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 May 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 May, 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 
 Exch. 14 June. 
 
 i78o!!; 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 Ex. 14June. 1781 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 
 
 
 Ex 14 June, 1781 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 
 Dead. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ex. 14 June, 1781 
 
 
 
83 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 When Taken. 
 
 Occurrence. 
 
 I 
 
 65 Benj. Mosley .. 
 
 66 Daniel Shaw..... 
 
 67 James Legare.. 
 
 68 'John Ward 
 
 69,Thos. Pasture... 
 
 70 Wm. Hazard 
 
 71 1 John Grayson.. 
 72 1 Charles Brown.. 
 
 73 James Tatum... 
 
 74 William Ward . 
 
 75 Edward Lloyd.. 
 
 76Robt. Hayes 
 
 77ThosDnnbar 
 
 78 John Hart 
 
 79 Wm. Hargraves 
 HOFredk. Shick 
 
 Virga 
 
 13 May, 1780 
 do. 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 do. 
 
 do 
 
 do. 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 do. 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 do. 
 
 S. C. Arty... 
 
 do. 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 do. 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 do. 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 do. 
 
 S. C. Arty... 
 
 do. 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 do. 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 do. 
 
 do 
 
 do. 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 do. 
 
 Georga 
 
 25Jnne,1781. 
 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 SECOND LIEUTENANTS. 
 
 Tho. Russell 
 
 Nicho. Taliafaro 
 
 John Roney 
 
 Lipscomb Norville. 
 
 Wm. D. O'Kelly 
 
 Merry McGiiire 
 
 George Petrie 
 
 8 1 James Kennedy 
 
 9 Steph Mazyck 
 
 Will. Lowe 
 Thos. Ousby.. 
 JohnFresch.. 
 
 — Jordan 
 
 John Knapp , 
 
 So. Cara... 
 Virga 
 
 do. ... 
 
 do. ... 
 
 do. ... 
 S. Cara.... 
 
 do. ... 
 
 do. ... 
 
 do. ... 
 S. C. Arty 
 
 do. ... 
 H. Horse.. 
 Georga ... 
 S. Cara... 
 
 Oct. 1779. 
 12 May 1780 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Ex. 14 June 1781. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. [my. 
 Joined the ene- 
 Ex. 14 Jtme 1781 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 In Philadelphia. 
 Joined the ene. 
 
 ["13'- 
 
 Joined the ene- 
 
 [as a des. 
 
 Im. by the En. 
 
 ENSIGNS. 
 
 Wm. Eski-idge . 
 
 Tho. Finney 
 
 Jos Conway 
 
 James Holt 
 
 Luke Cannon 
 
 John Steele 
 
 John Robertson 
 
 Chas. Jones 
 
 Wm. S. Smith 
 
 Steph. Slade 
 
 G. Elholm (Cornet) 
 
 Jacob Brown 
 
 John Ford.... 
 
 Saml. Ash 
 
 Thos. Wallace 
 
 Robt. Rankin 
 
 Ex. March 1781. 
 
 do. 
 Ex. 14 June 1781 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
84 
 
 Ensisrns. 
 
 Line. 
 
 When Taken. 
 
 Occurrence. 
 
 Peyton Powell.... 
 
 Javan Miller 
 
 Robt. Haye.s 
 
 Jas. DeLaplane.. 
 Geo. Blackniore . 
 Rob. Craddock ... 
 
 Rich. Fenner 
 
 Tho. Gibson 
 
 Anthy. Croncher 
 
 John HeHi 
 
 Edmd. Clarke 
 
 *S. Beekman. 
 
 do. .. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do. ... 
 
 do. ... 
 
 do. ... 
 N. Cara... 
 
 do. ... 
 
 do. ... 
 Virga 
 
 do. ... 
 Vol. S. C. 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 8 May, 1780. 
 
 SURGEONS OF THE GENERAL HOSPITAL. 
 
 1 
 9, 
 
 Peter Fayssonx 
 
 Wm. Heath.. 
 
 Tucker Harris 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 do. ... 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 (Purveyor) . 
 Paymaster .. 
 
 13 May, 1780... 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 Ex. March 1781. 
 
 '^ 
 
 
 /I 
 
 Jims Houston 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 f» 
 
 Tho T Tucker 
 
 6 
 
 _ West 
 
 
 7 
 
 Rd. Mercer 
 
 Bellamy Crawford 
 
 Danl. Smith 
 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 q 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 REGL. SURGEONS. 
 
 1 Wm. McClure 
 
 Jona Loomus 
 
 Corns. Baldwin... 
 4' Henry C. Flagg .. 
 
 5 — Taxier 
 
 6 Jas. Martin 
 
 Jos. Davis 
 
 Basil Middleton .. 
 
 John Trezevant .. 
 
 Jas. W. Greene.., 
 
 Fredk. Sunn 
 
 Jos. Blythe 
 
 John Waudin ... , 
 
 — Brevai'd 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 do 
 
 Virga 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 P. Legion... 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 Virga 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 S. C. Arty... 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 Georga 
 
 13 May, 1780... 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 14 April, 1780 
 12 May, 1780... 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 Ex. March 1781. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Exchd. in Phil. 
 Exchanged. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 [emy. 
 
 Gone to the en- 
 Exchanged. 
 
 SURGEON MATES. 
 
 Silvester Springer. 
 Jos. Savave 
 
 S. Cara 
 Virga... 
 
 John Lachman jS. C. Arty 
 
 John Br ownley ! Virga . . . 
 
 5 Oliver Hart S. Cara 
 
 ♦Beekman's name is not numbered like the rest. — V. H. P. 
 
85 
 
 Hospital Mates. 
 
 Line. 
 
 When Taken. 
 
 Occurrence. 
 
 Andw. Smith 
 
 Wm. S. Stevens. 
 Ephraiin Brown. 
 John E. Poyas.... 
 James Hunter.... 
 John Ramsay . . . 
 
 John Carne 
 
 Evan Lewis 
 
 John McLean ..., 
 John Hyslon 
 
 Apothecary 
 
 Mate 
 
 Steward 
 
 Mate , 
 
 Exchanged. 
 
 STAFF. 
 
 1 Wm. Monltrie, ADC.IS. Cara. 
 1 A. Dillient, B. M I do. 
 
 13 May, 1780.. 
 
 DEFY. MUSTER MASTER. 
 
 l|Wm. Matthews.... 
 
 .... Georga 39 Dec. 1778. 
 
 •! 
 
 PAY-MASTER. 
 
 llHenry Gray 
 
 . ...|s. Cara ll3May, 1780.. 
 
 . Joined the en. 
 
 DEFT. COMMISSARY, MILITARY STORES. 
 
 1 Thornton Taylor |Virga |l2Ma y, 1780. 
 
 BRIGADE CONDR. 
 
 MILITARY STORES. 
 
 llPat. Campbell. 
 
 N. Cara 
 
 13 May, 178(>...| 
 
 *ASST. 
 
 BRIGADE COMMISSARY OF ISSUES. 
 
 1 Davd. Jackson. 
 
 jVirga ... 
 
 |l3May. 1780....|exc. 14 June. 
 
 ASST. 
 
 BRIGADE COMMISSARY OF ISSUES. 
 
 1 — French 
 
 Ivirga. .. 
 
 12 May | 
 
 CONDUCTOR OF ARTIFICERS. 
 
 1 Henry Parish. 
 
 Virga ... 
 
 lis May 
 
 WAGGON MASTER. 
 
 l|— Allen 
 
 In. Cara 
 
 il3 May 
 
 
 D. Q. M. 
 
 GENERAL. 
 
 1 Richd. Wylly 
 
 .....JGeoga.. 
 
 35 June, 1780.| 
 
 ♦ Word Asst. erased in original manuscript.— N . H. P. 
 
86 
 
 ^ Corny. Purchaser. 
 
 Line. 
 
 When Taken. 
 
 Occurrence. 
 
 1 The. Riitledge 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 12May, 1780... 
 
 Exchanged. 
 
 
 COMY. ISSUES 
 
 - 
 
 l|will. Wigg 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 12 May, 1780. 
 
 
 FORAGE MASTER. 
 
 
 1 John Cogdell | 
 
 S. Cara 
 
 Exchanged. 
 
 D. 
 
 MUSTER MASTER. 
 
 
 1 Wm. Massey 
 
 S. Cara |l2May, 1780. ..| 
 
 ASJ 
 
 5T. MUST. MASTER. 
 
 
 1 Eras. Bremer 
 
 S. Cara 1 13 May, 1780... 
 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 1 
 
 CHAPl 
 
 ^. TO GEN. HOSPITAL. 
 
 
 Revd. M. Smith 
 
 S. Cara |l2May, 1780.. 
 
 In Philadelphia. 
 
 1 
 
 
 CONTL. AGENT. 
 
 
 John Wereat 
 
 Georga 20 June, 1780.. 
 
 Exchang. Phila. 
 
 OFFICERS TAKEN 
 
 AT CAMDEN, 16 AND 18 AUG. 1780. 
 COLONELS. 
 
 1 
 
 — Woolford 
 
 Mai yd 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 — Vaughan 
 
 Delar 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 MAJOR. 
 
 
 — Patten 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 CAPTAINS 
 
 
 1 
 
 — Lynch 
 
 Hamilton . . 
 
 Mard 
 
 
 
 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 CraAwrav 
 
 
 
 4 1 Rti ff 
 
 do . 
 
 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 — Meredith 
 
 Virg. Arty... 
 
 
 
 DeBert ... 
 
 Armds. Leg. 
 do 
 
 
 
 — LeBrun 
 
 
 
87 
 
 1 
 
 Lieutenants. 
 
 Line. 
 
 When Taken. Occurrence. 
 
 1 
 
 — Reid 
 
 Mard 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 — Harris 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 — Norris 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 — Hinson 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 —Duff 
 
 Del 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 Cap. Lt. Walters 
 
 — Wallace 
 
 Virg.. Arty, 
 do 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 — Moseley 
 
 do 
 
 
 
 *CAPT.. LIEUTENT. 
 
 ENSIGNS. 
 
 1 — Gasway l.Maryd 
 
 
 2 — Burgess do 
 
 
 3|— McWilhams ,Del 
 
 
 1 Volunteer Rutledge Maryld 
 
 
 EXCHANGED. 
 
 1 Brigadier Genl. 
 
 2 Lieut. Colonels. 
 5 Majors. 
 
 16 Captains. 
 40 Lieutenants. 
 
 7 Second Lieutenants. 
 16 Ensigns. 
 
 2 Hospital Surgeons. 
 1 1 Regimental Surgeons. 
 
 1 Surgeons Mate. 
 
 2 Commissaries. 
 
 1 Forage iVl aster. 
 
 *\Vords Capt. Lieutent erased in original Manuscript.— V. H. P. 
 
LBJa'09